a sy sn a ae Ny wi < be ate a ay aN SE ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY NEW York STATE COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND HoME ECONOMICS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY | DATE DUE GAYLORD PRINTEDINU.S.A, ; ; Conall University Library QK 358.H67 The fl f British India. re 3 1924 001 825 474 init Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924001825474 FLORA -OF BRITISH INDIA. Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume. Par I. pp. 1-208, was published May 1872. » II. pp. 209-464 3 Jan, 1874. » III. pp. 465 toend _,, Feb. 1875. THE FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. BY J. D. HOOKER, C.B. M.D., PRES. R.S.. D.C.L. OXON., LL.D. CANTAB, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON. MEMBER OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS. VOL. I. "RANUNCULACEA TO SAPINDACEAZ. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL, LONDON : L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1875. v) LONDON: SAVILL, EDWARDS AND CO., PRINTERS, CHANDOS STREET, COVENT GARDEN, TO HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLL, KT, F.RS., SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA, PRESIDENT OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON; &e. &e. &e. My Lorp Duke, The fact of this first part of the “Flora of British India” appearing during your Grace’s tenure of office, and under your instructions, affords me the welcome opportunity of following a time- honoured custom in dedicating that work to you. And I congratulate myself on being so circumstanced, since I am thus enabled to express my respect for your high scientific attainments and for those original observations and writings which have appeared during the long period that has elapsed since J first enjoyed the privilege of friendly inter- course with your Grace, which long antedates your scientific career and my official connexion with you. I am, Your Grace’s faithful and obedient servant, : Jos. D. Hooxer. Royat Garpens, Kew, March 15, 1872. PREFACE. Tue Flora of British India is intended to comprise within a moderate compass brief descriptions, ordinal, generic and specific, of the Flower- ing plants and Ferns hitherto found within the British territories in India, together with those of Kashmir and Western Tibet 3 countries which, though outside that territory, belong to botanical regions in- cluded within it, which have been geographically and botanically explored by officers employed almost exclusively in the Indian service, and which are habitually visited by Indian tourists and travellers. It was originally intended to have included the Floras of Affghanistan and Beluchistan, as was done in the fragmentary “Flora Indica,” commenced in 1855 by Dr. T. Thomson and myself; but the plants of these countries having been recently included in Boissier’s excellent “Flora Orientalis,” and belonging to quite another botanical region (the Occidental Asiatic), this intention has been abandoned. At the outset it must be stated, that in a work of this scope, neither fulness nor completeness are attainable in the present state of science. British Indian Botany is represented by some 12—14,000 species, and by hundreds of thousands of specimens, collected over an area of one and a half millions of square miles, in tropical, temperate, and frigid climates, and at all elevations, from the sea-level to 19,000 ft. Of this vast assemblage, not a twelfth part has hitherto been brought together in any one general work on Indian plants. The descriptions of such as are well described, are scattered through innumerable British and foreign journals, or contained in Local Floras, or works on general Botany ; a very large number are described so incompletely or inaccu- rately, that they can only be recognised after an inspection of the ori- ginal specimens ; and very many are altogether undescribed. In short, there is no quarter of the globe so rich in plants, and from which such a mass of materials has been collected and deposited in European vi PREFACE. museums; and yet of which so little of the Natural History, and espe- cially the Botany, has been systematically brought together. Under - these circumstances an exhaustive Flora would be a work of many years and many volumes; and it is as a hand-book to what is already known, and a pioneer to more complete works, that the present is put forward. For an account of the materials upon which it is founded, the reader is referred te the Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica alluded to above, which contains a history of Indian Botany up to 1855, together with an essay on the climates and physical features of India, and on its divisions into Botanico-Geographical provinces. Since the date of its publication, no great systematically arranged collections of Indian plants, such as those of Wallich, Wight, Stocks, Strachey, and Win- terbottom, &c. &c., have been added to these; though many very valuable local collections have been made ; amongst which the Malac- can Herbarium of the late Dr. Maingay, and the South Indian of Major Beddome, present the most novelty and interest. Since that period, too, the vast Herbaria of Griffith and Falconer have been made over to Kew by the late Hast Indian Government, and though in a ruinous condition from damp and vermin, have been arranged and ' distributed; Wight’s invaluable original Herbarium has been added to ‘that of Kew, by private gift from that veteran botanist, and its dupli- cates also distributed from this establishment; and Rottler’s own Her- barium has been transferred from the Museum of King’s College, London, and liberally presented to Kew by order of the Council of that Institution. The value of these last two collections, as containing the type specimens of plants described in so many old and modern works, cannot be over-estimated. The plan approved by his Grace the Secretary of State for India, for bringing out this Flora, viz., of associating with myself a number of competent botanists, whose names will appear in the headings of the pages they (wholly or in part) shall contribute, will, it is hoped, enable me to bring it out with reasonable celerity; whilst the adoption of as concise a style and phraseology* as is consistent with clearness, and the * In these matters my Flora of the British Islands has been followed; the style there adopted having been suggested by the requirements of the Professors of Botany in the Scotch Universities, and approved by them, seemed to me to be equally applicable to a more extended. PREFACE. vii avoidance of repetition in the descriptions and remarks on each species, will'enable me to compress the whole into a portable form. With regard to citations of previous works, and references to authors, these have been reduced to what appears to be most useful and desirable for working and especially Indian botanists. As a rule, all Indian Floras are quoted, as also the work wherein the species was first de- scribed under the name it bears; the chief exceptions to the latter are in cases where the author has redescribed the plant in a subsequent better known general work, when the latter alone is cited.* I have been compelled to confine the citations of numbered dis- tributed collections to Wallich’s; to have introduced the numbers’ of Wight’s, Jacquemont’s, Hohenacker’s, Strachey and Winterbot- tom’s, Griffith’s, Falconer’s, Helfer’s, Maingay’s, Thwaites’s, Hooker fil. and Thomson’s, and other collections that’ have been distri- buted from Kew and elsewhere, would have added at least another volume to the work, and would have prolonged indefinitely the time and cost of its production. All such references, if not checked in the proofs, as well as in the MS., are sure to abound in errors; as. do indeed the collections themselves, requiring in such cases the introduction of cross references, discussions and critical notes, essential for the verification of specimens, but not necessarily of species. More- * Thus De Candolle’s fragmentary “Systema” is not quoted for plants subsequently included in his universally used ‘‘ Prodromus ;” nor Boissier’s inaccessible ‘ Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium” for those subsequently included in his great work, the ‘ Flora Orientalis.”” The interposition of a semicolon between the author’s name and that of the work cited, indicates that the plant was not first described in that work; its absence indicates that it was. | With regard to the vexed question, whether to attach to a species the name of the author who first described it, or of him who first put it into the genus to which I think that it belongs, I have adoptéd the latter alternative, chiefly on the principle that a right’ comprehension of genera is of higher importance than the power of describing a species.* The number of species described by authors who cannot determine their affinities, in- creases annually, and I regard the naturalist who puts a described plant into its proper position in regard to its allies, as rendering a greater service to science than its de- scriber, when he either puts it into a wrong place, or throws it into any of those chaotic heaps miscalled genera, with which systematic.works still abound. I however admit, that no laws or usages embrace all cases of disputed authority or priority, and that the best hitherto proposed are open to great abuses; but after many years’ experience I find that the plan which, in common with the majority of botanists, I have followed, is open to the fewest objections, and does justice to the greatest and most de- serving number of naturalists. viii PREFACE. over, such references would not have proved of the smallest use to the ‘Indian resident and traveller, for whom this work is specially in- tended. And here I must caution botanists against an over-reliance upon the names attached to the Indian ‘collections which have been distri- buted from Kew, first by myself, and latterly by the keeper of the herbarium, between 1855 and 1870. These collections originally com- prised about half a million of specimens, which had been accumulating for upwards of thirty years, principally in the India House (where a ‘great number were wholly destroyed by damp and vermin), at Kew, and at the Linnean Society, and consisted chiefly of the collections of Griffith, Falconer, Helfer, Royle, G. Thomson, T. Thomson and myself, Law, Stocks, Dalzell, and Gibson, together with the remainder of Wallich’s, and latterly Wight’s. From these, after arrangement, up- wards of 880,000 specimens were distributed in sets to public and private museums in Europe, India, and America, every specimen bear- ing a ticket with the name of the locality and collector, and that of the plant, as far as it could be approximately determined. I have no reason to suppose that these collections contain more errors in nomenclature than do similar ones; but, as was explicitly stated when they were sent out, such names are not to be regarded as authoritative. The area over which each species is distributed, is indicated by dis- tricts; these districts or geographical areas being botanical regions, which coincide in the main so closely with thé well recognized territo- rial divisions of India, that a strict definition of them is unnecessary : an account of their limits and physical features will be found in the Introductory Essay to the Flora Indica, and its accompanying maps. It has been a source of most sincere regret to me that a combination of circumstances has prevented the continuation of the Indian Flora upon the originally contemplated and more extended plan, under the joint authorship of my old friend and fellow-traveller, Dr. Thomson, and myself. Other duties in our respective services necessitated its | postponement for a very long period, until indeed it became obvious that years were not left to us, even-could we have commanded sufficient leisure, to finish so laborious an undertaking. FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. Orver I. RANUNCULACEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves radical or alternate (opposite in. Clematide). Stipules 0; or adnate to the petiole, rarely free. Flowers regular or irregular, 1-2-sexual, rarely bracteate. Disk very rarely present (Paonia). Sepals 6 or more, rarely 2-4, deciduous (persistent in Poona), often petaloid, imbricate (valvate in Clematis). Petals 0, or 3-5 or more, hypogynous, imbricate, often, minute or de- formed. Stamens bypogynous; anthers usually adnate and dehiscing late-. rally. Carpels usually many, free, 1-celled ; stigma simple; ovules one or more on the ventral suture, anatropous, erect with a ventral or pendulous with a dorsal raphe. Fruit of numerous 1-seeded achenes, or many-seeded follicles, rarely a berry. Seed small, albumen copious ; embryo minute.— Disrriz. Abundant in temperate and cold regions; genera 30, known species about 300. Trizz I. Clematidece. Erect or climbing shrubs, Leaves opposite. Sepals petaloid, valvate. Carpels 1-ovuled; ovule pendulous. fruit of many achenes, ; Petals 0 . BP ja ah Be te ce ee ae ae ee ew oe ee yd CTs: Petalsmany,linear 2. . - 2 2 2 + + es ee ee 6 NAVAVEDI. Tre I]. Anemonew. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate. Sepals Bepeloid, imbricate. Carpels 1-ovuled; ovule pendulous, Fruit of many achenes. Petals 0, flowers involucrate . . . 2. . « 4 + « « « 8, ANEMONE, Petals 0, flowers not involucrate. . . .. . . . © + « 4 THaticrrom. Petals 5-15, with a nectariferous pit . . ... . . . . 5. Cannianraemum. Petals 5-16, with no nectariferous pit . . . . . . +. . 6. ADONIS, Trips III. Ranuncules. Herbs. Leaves radical or alternate. Sepals herbaceous, imbricate. Carpels 1-ovuled; ovules erect. Mruit of many achenes. Sepals 3-5, deciduous, petals usually5 . . . .. . . . 7 Rawuycuzus. Sepals 5, persistent, petals 10-15 . . . . . . . . . « 8 Oxveraruis. Trips IV. Helleboresw. Herbs or undershrubs, Leaves alternate. Sepals petaloid or herbaceous, imbricate. Carpels several, many-ovuled. Fruit of 1 or more follicles (berried in Acta), VOL. IL. ‘B 2 I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Flowers regular solitary or panicled. Petals 0, leaves undivided . 2 2 2 ee ee ee ee OD CaLraa. Petals 0, leaves palmately divided . . 10. CaLaTHOoDES. Petals small, carpels long-stalked . ie Be . 12. Coptis. Petals small, carpels sessile, flowers yellow. . - » - - «Ii. Tro.iivs. Petals small, carpels eessile, flowers white . . + . 13. Isopyrum. Petals as large as the sepals, all spurred . . - - . - ~ 14, AQuitecla. Flowers regular racemed. Carpels solitary, berried when ripe. . . . » + + + - + 17, Acrma. Carpels 4-8, follicular when ripe. . . 2. ee ee + + 18, Cimiciruea. Flowers irregular. Posterior sepal spurred. . . « . - + + ee + + ¢ + 15, DELPaINiuM. Posterior sepal vaulted . . . . + ee + + + = « + 16, AconiruM. Tree V. Peoniew. Herbs or undershrubs. Sepals herbaceous im- bricate. Carpels several, several-ovuled, girt by a fleshy disk. Fruit of coriaceous few-seeded follicles. 19. Ponta. 1, CLEMATIS, Linn. Woody, usually climbing undershrubs. Leaves opposite, usually com- pound, exstipulate, petioles often twining. /nflorescence axillary or terminal. Sepals usually 4, (to 8) petaloid, valvate. Petals 0. Stamens many. Carpels many, each with 1 pendulous ovule. Fruit a head of sessile or stalked achenes, with long feathery styles, except in Sect. Viticella.— Distr, All temperate climates, rarer in the tropics; species about 100. Sect. I. Viticella, DC. Achenes beaked, without feathery styles, 1. G. Cadmia, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4669; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 5; ©. sulcata, Wall. Cat. 4667. Thalictrum bracteatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 671. E. Benga in tropical jungles, and along the base of the Himataya, from the Kosi to Assam. Birma, Crifith. A slender subherbaceous climber. Leaves 3-nately decompound ; leaflets 1-2 in. ovate-oblong, glabrous, base oblique or cordate. Flowers axillary, solitary ; peduncle long, with two leafy bracts about the middle. Sepals 5 to 6, # to 1 in. spreading, sions blue. Achenes many, large, broadly ovate, beak long straight, young silky. Sect. IL Cheiropsis, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles. Flowers in axillary fascicles ; pedicels 1-fid. 2, ©. Napaulensis, DC. Syst. i. 164; leaves ternately divided, pedicels with 2 connate bracts at or near the middle. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 6; Wall. Cat. 4680, C. montana, Don Prodr. 192 (not of others), Temperate Himavaya from Garwhal to Bhotan. A slender nearly glabrous climber. Leaflets 1-2 in., elliptic-lanceolate, sometimes very narrow, entire toothed or 3-lobed, 8-nerved, lateral oblique. Flowers many, pedicels Bloder hes the maven pee forming a 2-lipped cup, in which the bud is sessile. Sepals 4, oblong, silky outside. Filaments glabrous, taperi flat base ; anthers short. ” Achenes flat, margined, hate. aetna 3. ©. montana, Ham. ex DU. Syst. i. 164: | ivi pedicels naked, stamens glabrous. Wall. Pl. As. Be eee ee Z. Hl. Ind. 5. C. Punduana, Wall. Cat. 4862. ©, anemoniflora,. ‘Don Prodr, 192; Anemone curta, Wall. Cat. 4690, j Clematis.| 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 3 Temperate Himaraya from the Indus to the Bramaputra, ascending to 12,000 ft., always above 8500 ft. in Sikkim. Kasra mitts above 4000 ft. A woody climber, glabrous or silky. Leaves fascicled at the nodes; leaflets ovate, toothed or incised, usually acute. lowers 2 to 4 in. diam., often scented, white or pinkish or yellowish; pedicels exceeding the leaves. Sepals 4, elliptic, acute or obtuse, glabrous or silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear; anthers short, Achevies flat, glabrous; receptacle pilose. 4. ©. barbellata, Hdgew. in Trans, Linn, Soc. xx. 25; leaves once -ternately divided, pedicels naked, anthers softly bearded on the back. Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 4794; H. fi. & 7, Fl. Ind. 5. C. nepaulensis, Royle Lil. 51 (not of others). Western Temperate Himataya in Garwhal and Kumaon, Royle, &c. A woody climber, glabrous or nearly so, Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed or lobed. Flowers large, dull purple. Sepals oblong, acuminate, pubescent on both sur- faces, margins villous. %tlaments broadly linear, 1-nerved, often ciliate with long hairs; anther-cells introrse. Achenes glabrous. 5. C. acutangula, H./.é 7. Fl. Ind. 5; leaves 2-pinnate, pedicels 2-bracteate at the base rarely in the middle, anthers softly hairy. Kaasia HILxs, near Molin, alt. 5000 ft, Grigith, H. f. é T. A slender, hardy woody climber. Stem angled, deeply furrowed, slightly hairy. Leaflets 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, crenate or 3-lobed. Flowers brownish- yellow; pedicels 1-8-nate, short. Sepals oblong, acute, pubescent outside. /tlaments narrow-linear, 1-nerved, pilose; anthers introrse. Achenes flat, margined, pubescent.— Intermediate between this and the following section. Sect. II]. Flammula, DC. Achenes with long feathery tails, Flowers in axillary panicles. * Sepals spreading from the base. + Filaments glabrous ; connective of anthers not produced, __6. ©. smilacifolia, Wall. in Asiat. Researches, xiii. 414; Cat. 4683 ; glabrous, leaves large usually simple ovate or cordate coriaceous entire or remotely serrate. Bot. Mag. t. 4259; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 6. C. subpeltata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. t. 20; Cat. 4868. C. Munroana, Wight IU. i. 5, t. 1. C. smilacina, Blume Bid. 1. Hisanaya from Sikkim eastwards, ascending to 5000 ft. Kuasta aints; Concan; Travancor; Ava.—Disrris. Java, Borneo, Philippines. A tall, glabrous, woody climber. ‘Leaves 3-10 by 1-7 in., rarely once ternate, upper smaller, narrower and cuneate at the base. Panicles 6-12 in. Flowers 1-14 in. diam. Sepals 4-5, coriaceous, oblong, at length reflexed, outside dull-brown tomentose, inside deep purple. Filaments membranous, linear, glabrous, inner shorter with longer anthers; connective produced. -Achenes flat, pubescent, margins broad. 7. ©. triloba, Heyne in Roth. Nov. Sp. 251; silky, leaves small simple or once ternate entire or 1-3-toothed or-lobed. DC. Prodr.i.8; W.d A. Prodr.i.2; H.f.&@ T. Fl. Ind. 7. Mountains of the Mawal district of the Dexxan and W. Concan. ‘An extensive climber. Leaves or leaflets 1-2 in., elliptic-ovate or cordate, 3-nerved. Panicle many-flowered; lower bracts leafy. lowers 14-2 in. diam., white. Sepals 4-6, membranous, oblong, silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, glabrous. 8. ©. grata, Wall. Cat. 4668; Pl. As. Rar. i. t. 98; hoary pubescent, leaves simply pinnate. H.f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 7. Suprroricat and Temperate Himanaya, from Kumaon westwards, alt. 2-8000 ft.— Disrew. Affghanistap, China, trop. Africa. A B S I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Clematis. A woody climber. Stem, deeply furrowed. Leaflets, about 5, 1-2 in, broadly ovate or corte afranate: Polmeenale or 3-lobed,, ae on both surfaces or glabrate above, Panicles often exceeding the leaves, decompound. Flowens 3-1 in. diam., cream-coloured. Sepals tomentose outside. Filaments narrow-linear; anthers short. Achenes densely pubescent.—Variable in habit and pubescence. 9. G. Gouriana, Roxb. FI. Ind. ii. 670 ; usually glabrous, leaves pinnate 2-pinnate or 2-ternate, flowers very small in dense panicles. DC. Prodr.i. 3: Wall. Cat, 4673; W. & 4, Prodr. 2; Wight Ic. t. 933-4; H.f.& T, Fl. Ind. 8. C, cana, Wall, Cat. 4672, ©. Javana, DC. Prody, i. 7. Hilly. districts from the Wesrern Hazara, alt. 1-3000 ft. to Ceyton and the Eastern Pewrnsuua.—Distris. Java, Philippines. : ‘An extensive climber, young parts pubescent, Leaflets membranous, ovate-oblong or cordate, acuminate, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Panicles uaually exceeding the leaves, J lowers. $-4 in. diam., yellowish or fae aaieoen Sepals obovate or oblong, revolute, puberulous, edges tomentose. ‘laments narrow-linear. Achenes natrow-oblong, hairy.—Resembles. C. vitalba, and is very variable; two forms with many intermediates are widely diffused, one with larger leaflets tomentose below and less, shining above, the other with leaves glabrous on both surfaces. 10. G. puberula, HW. f. & T. ; pubescent, leaves pinnate, leaflets simple or 3-sect, flowers small few (3-9) in a lax panicle. Western Temperate Himarava, from Simla to Garwhal; Kuasta aixzs, alt. 2-4000 ft. Climbing stem deeply grooved, slender, downy. Leaflets membranous, 1-1} in, ovate-lanceolate, entire or remotely toothed, pubescence scattered. Pamicles, shorter than the leaves ; pedicels slender. Sepals 4 in., linear-oblong, acute, 3-nerved, silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear; anthers short. Achenes silky.—Confounded in Fi. Ind. with C. nutans. +t Filaments glabrous ; connective of anther more or less produced. 1l. C. hedysarifolia, DC. Syst. i. 148 ; nearly glabrous, leaves simply pinnate, leaflets reticulate, connective much produced. H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind.7 (excl, citation of Bot. Heg.). Concan, Law; Beneaum, Ritchie; Peav, Hore (in Brit. Mus.). A woddy climber. Leaflets 3-5, 2-4 in., coriaceous, ovate or cordate, acuminate, entire or coarsely toothed. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Sepals 4-5, long-acuminate. Anther-cells marginal. Achenes hairy, margins tubercled. _12. 6. apiculata, H./. & T. ; pubescent, leaves 3-foliolate long pe- tioled, connective very shortly produced. Kuasts mitts; Nunklow, Griffith ; Churra, Z. f. & T. A woody climber. Leaflets short-stalked, ovate-oblong, acute, base rounded, coarsely toothed from the middle upwards. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers small. Sepa $-} in., oblong, tomentose outside. Filaments broadly. linear, short, 1 i the anthers. Acnenes broadly oval, hairy. ue EE ones ieee ttt Filaments hairy ; connective of anther not produced, aoe Cc. Sraveoleas, Pore in J ee i. 307; glabrous except e flowers, leaves pinnately decompound, sepals ellipti : ri- folia, A. f. '& T. Fl. Ind. 9 (not of jeusedit se Western Temeeratg Himauaya, from Marri to K 6-11,000 ft. : ’ o Kulu and Kumaon, alt. A slender climber. Leaflets 4-1 in., toothed or incised, or 3-lobed or minal segment oblong, acute or obtuse. Panicles 3-7-flowered; upper ee flowers often Clematis.) 1. RANUNCULACE®. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 5 solitary with a pair of pinnate leafy bracts oh the peduncle. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., pale yellow, odour heavy. Sepals pubescent outaide, densely tomentose inside. Frila- ments narrow-linear, Achenes pubescent.—Resembles the European C. Flammula. 14. G. orientalis, ZL, ; glabrous, glaucous, leaves pinnate or 2-pinnate, sepals ovate acuminate. Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 9. Wesreen Himavaya, dry inner valleys from the Indus to Kumaon, ascending to 14,000 ft. Wusrern Tiser, 7. 7.—Disrris. Temp. Asia, from Persia to Manchuria. A large woody climber, branchlets sometimes puberulous. Leaflets 1-2 in., orbi- cular to ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire toothed or cut. Panicles many-flowered. Flowers 14 in. diam., yellow or mottled with purple. Sepals 4, villous outside or on both surfaces, edges tomentose. Filaments membranous, tapering from a broad base, silky or ciliate. .Achenes oblong, silkily hairy.—Very variable. - Var. 1. acutifolia; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers usually large. C. tenuifolia, Royle JU. 51. C. graveolens, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4495 (not of Lindl.). ©. parvifolia, Hdgew. in Linn. Trans. xx. 25. C. Ispahanica, Boiss. Ft. Orient. i. 3 (flowers small). C. longicaudata, Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 3. ‘ Var. 2. obtusifolia; usually very glaucous, leaves oblong obtuse, flowers small or tiddle-sized. C. glauca, Willd. Var, 3. latifolia ; glaucous, leaves orbicular or oval obtusely lobed, flowers middle- sized. C. globosa, Royle Ill. 51. C. albida, Klotasch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald. t. 40. 15. G. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4674; softly downy, leaves pinnate, sepals broadly ovate. W. & A. Prodr.2; Wight Ic. t. 935; H.f.d& 7. Fl. nd. 10. Hills of the Deaxan, Qnissa, Concan and Nine@urk, ascending to 7000 ft., Wight, &c. large woody climber. Leaflets usually 5, 2 in., orbicular- or ovate-cordate, 3-5-lobed, densely villous and brown below, at length glabrate above. Flowers 2-24 in. diam., in decompound panicles. Sepals 4, brown tomentose outside. Filaments narrow-lineat, silky below the middle, glabrous at the base and tip; anthers short. Achenes silky. ** Sepals erect, with recurved tips. Filaments hairy ; connective not produced. 16. CG. nutans, Royle il. 51 ; silkily pubescent, Iéaves decompoundly pinnate. Af & Y, Fl. Ind. 10. Wesrern Susrrorican Himauaya, from the Sutlej to Kumaon, alf. 2-5000 ft., Royle, &. Kuasta uits, at Nurtiung, alt. 4000 ft, Hf. & T. Bunan, on Parasnath, alt. 2000 ft. ) eo ee slender, woody, climbing. Leaflets 1-3 in., ovate oblong ‘or lancéo- late, deeply acutely or obtusely 3-5-lobed, rarely entire. Flowers 1443 im. diam., in much branched many-flowered panicles, pale yellow. Sepals oblong, many-nerved, silky outside. Filaments narrow-linear, silky below the middle, tapering upwards ; anthers short. Achenes large, ovate, silky-hairy. 17, C. acuminata, DC. Syst. i. 148 ; glabrous except the flowers, leaves once ternate, rarely simple. Don Prodr. 192; Wall. Cat. 4670; H.f. & T. Fi. Ind. 11. hen Temperate Himaraya, from Garwhal to Bhotan. Upper Assam, Mishmi and Pat my pele woody, slender, branched climber. Leaflets 3-5 in., ovate or ovate-lanceo- late, acuminate, shining, quite entire or minutely distantly toothed. Flowers 1-14 in. diam., in decompound (sometimes few-flowered) panicles. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, more or less pubescent outside, suberect or spreading. Filaments narrow linear, ciliate with long spreading airs throughout. Achenes silky.—The following varieties may prove Bpecies +— ; : 6 I. RANUNCULACER. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [ Clematis. Var. 1, Wallichti; more slender, leaflets smaller narrower more membranous, gs fewer larger, buds tomentose.—W. Himalaya, Spee igs cog ae ee AR. 2. Sikkimenis; leaflets larger, coriaceous, flowers vi ; - buds glabrous except the margins of the sepals,—Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft., A. fi & T. Mishmi and Naga hills, Grifith. 18. ©. connata, DC. Prodr. i. 4; glabrous, leaves pinnate, sepals not ribbed, filamentstapering to a point. Wall. Cut. 4679; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. ll. C. venosa, Royle fil, 51; C. amplexicaulis, velutina and gracilis, Edgew. in Trans, Linn, Soc, xx. 24. Temperate Himaraya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 4-10,000 ft. E A large woody climber, young parts with scattered hairs. Leaflets 3-7, distant, 2-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, coarsely serrate or sub-3-lobed. lowers in many- flowered panicles. Sepals oblong, subacute, pubescent outside, densely tomentose inside. Filaments narrow-linear below, hairy ; anthers short. Achenes silky-pubes- cent.—Closely allied to C. Buchananiana, but smoother, smaller flowered, and leaflets narrower; petioles often connate into a coriaceous or woody flat expansion. 19. C. Buchananiana, DC. Syst. i. 140 ; hoary or coarsely hairy, leaves simply pinnate, sepals ribbed, filaments linear. H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 10. Throughout the Tempyrate Himatara, alt. 5-10,000 ft. Musumr, Griffith. A large woody climber. Leaflets 5-7, 2~3 in., broadly ovate or suborbicular-cordate, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate or 3~5-lobed. lowers 2-3 in. diam., in branched many-flowered panicles, often sweet-scented. Sepals linear-oblong, many-ribbed, tomentose on both surfaces. Filaments densely hairy; anthers elongate. Achenes densely hairy.—Very variable, roughly divisible as follows :— Var. 1. rugosa; stem tomentose, leaves rugose and reticulate white and hoary espe- cially beneath. C. Buchananiana, Wall. Cat. 4677. Apes 2. vitifolia (sp. Wall. Cat. 4676); stem pubescent, leaves membranous slightly pubescent, Var. 8. tortuosa (sp. Wall. Cat. 4675); stem with long soft fibrous hairs, leaves glabrous or veins only silky. _ 20, G. grewiseflora, DC. Syst. i. 140; densely tomentose, leaves simply pinnate, filaments filiform above. Don Prodr. 191; Wall. Cat. 4678 ; Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 10. ae Temperate anp SuprropicaL Himatayva, alt. 3-5000 ft., from Kumaon to otan. A large woody climber. Leaflets 3-5, 3-4 in., broadly ovate-cordate, more or less serrate, usually deeply 5-lobed. Panicles many-flowered. Sepals 14 in., oblong, densely tornentose outside, pubescent inside. Filaments 1 in., narrow-linear below, covered with soft spreading hairs; anthers very long, narrow, twisted after flowering. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. C. toasarouia, DC. Syst. i. 140; flowerless, doubtless either C grewtceflora or Wightiana. C. voasiroria, Don Prodr.191. Probably ©. Buchananiana. - ScaBloszKroLia, DC, Syst.i.154. India? Herb. Mus. Paris. . vittosa, DC. Syst. i. 154, India? Herb. Mus. Paris. . comosa, DC. Syst. i. 156. India? Herb. Mus. Paris. (C. triloba ?) c arossa, Wall. Cat. 4671 (not of Benth.), Ava; too imperfect for determi- nation. : eaooa 2, NARAVELIA, DC. Climbing shrubs, Flowers in axillary 1-flowered ped 1 8-foliolate, terminal leaflet generally transformed ntoe tendril, pews Naravelia.| 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 7 4-5, Petals 6-12, narrow, longer than the calyx. Achenes narrow, lon, stipitate, with long-bearded styles.—Distriz, Two E. Asiatic species. : 1, N. zeylanica, DC. Syst. i. 167; more or less pubescent, leaflets broad-ovate, sepals linear-spathulate. Wall. Cat. 4687; W.d& A. Prodr. 2; es & ae Ind. 3, Atragene zeylanica, LZ. ; Roxb. Cor, Pl. ii. t. 188 ; Fl. . ii. 670. Tropical forests of the Himatara, from E. Nepal eastward, Benaat, Assam, E. anp W. Peninsozas, Ceyton.—Distris. Java. Leaflets usually cordate at the base, entire or coarsely toothed, often tomentose below, sometimes pubescent on the nerves only. Flowers 4-Zin. diam. Sepals pubescent outside, twice as long as the glabrous petals, 2. N. laurifolia, Wall. Cat. 4685 ; glabrous, leaflets narrow, acuminate base usually acute, petals very long linear not spathulate. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 3. N. Finlaysoniana, Wall, Cat, 468 (achenes diseased, subulate, beard- less, corky, seedless). Eastern Peninsuta; Mergui to Malacca and Penang.—Disrris. Eastward to the Philippines. 3. ANEMONE, Linn. Perennial herbs. Leaves radical, lobed or divided. Flowers on 1- or more- flowered simple or branched scapes ; involucre 3-partite, bracts free or con- nate. Sepals 4-20, petaloid, imbricate, Petals 0, Stamens many, outer sometimes deformed or petaloid. Carpels many; ovule 1, pendulous. Fruit a head of sessile achenes, with short or long naked or bearded styles. —Disrer. Cold and temperate regions, very rare in the S. hemisphere ; species 80. Sect. L Pulsatilla, DC. Achenes with long feathery styles. 1, A. albana, Stev. in Mem. Soc, Hist. Nat. Mose, iii. 264; softly hairy, leaves pinnatisect, sepals erect. DC. Prodr.i.17; H.f.& t. Fl. Ind. 19. A. Wallichiana, Royle Jil, 52. bee ‘alii above 15,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—Disrris. N. Asia, from Armenia to Baikal. ; Densely tufted. Rootstock thick, woody, clothed with old leaf-sheaths. Leaf- segments pinnatifid; ultimate broadly linear, incised. Scape 6 in., fruiting 12 in. Invol. leaves connate at the base, 3-fid or pinnatifid above. lowers solitary, nodding, dull red-brown. Sepals with erect tips, silky outside, about as long as the stamens.— Probably an alpine state of the European A. pratensis, but the invol. is less divided. Tibetan specimens are usually smaller than the Siberian, but not always. Sect. II Eriocephalus, H./.&é 7. Achenes with short styles, imbedded in dense wool. 2, A. biflora, DC. Syst. i. 201; rootstock tuberous, scape glabrous, leaves 3-partite or 3-foliolate, segments rounded, flowers 1-3 small. Hf. & T. Fl. Ind.%). A. Gordschakowii, Kar. & Kir. in Pl. Soong., No. 14.— Griff. It. notes, 349. Kasumir; in dry stony places, alt. 4-6000 ft.—Disrets.’ Turkestan and E. to Persia, Scape 2-8 in., slender, usually quite glabrous. Radical leaves long-petioled ; seg- ments suborbicular or. broadly cuneate, palmately-lobed or partite. Invol. leaves sessile, lobed to the middle. Flowers dull red; pedicels pubescent, lateral with a 2-leaved in- yolucre, the terminal naked, 8 1. RANUNCULACE. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Anemone. 3. A. rupicola, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t.2; rootstock long slender woody, scape silky, leaves 3-partite, segments acutely toothed or cut, flowers 1-2 large. Hf. & 7. Hi. Ind. i. 20. Toner alpine valleys of the Husaaya, from Gores and Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. '12-15,000 ft., Jacquemout, &e. . is ; a7 Scape 12 in. softly silky. Radical leaves long-petioled, ‘segments more or ae petioled, sharply incised or 3-lobed. Invol. leaves almost sessile, 3-lobed to the middle ; segments toothed and cut. Flowers showy; lateral pedicels involucellate. Sepals 1-14 ‘in., broadly oval, downy outside, Achenes in an oval head.—Variable in pubescence and acuteness of leaflobes. , Var. 1. sericea; leaves coarsely toothed, softly silky. Var. 2. glabriuéeula; nearly glabrous, leaves sharply cut. _ 4, A. vitifolia, Ham. ex DC. Syst. i. 210; rootstock stout woody, scape branched many-flowered, leaves orbicular-cordate. Don Prodr. 193 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3376; Walt. Oat. 4695; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 20. Temperate Himaraya, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; in Sikkim found only on the inner ranges. Misa, Griffith. ! : Stem 1-3 ft., stout, erect, branched. Radical leaves 4-8 in. diam., deeply 5-lobed, glabrous above, densely tomentose beneath ; lobes sharply lobulate and cut. Invol. leanes petiolate, like the radical. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., white, in decompound cymes ; lateral peduncles involucellate. Sepals 5-8, silky outside. Achenes in large heads.— ‘Habit of A. japonica, but leaves 3-foliolate. Sect. II1. Anemonanthea, DC. Achenes tipped by a short style, not -imbedded in wool, oblong cylindric or slightly compressed. 5. & Griffithii, HW. f & f. Fl. Ind. 21; rootstock horizontal woody, invol. leaves like the radical long petioled free, scape 1-2-flowered. East Himataya, Lachen valley in Sikkim, alt. 8-9000 f., H.f.; Buoran, near Chuka, alt. 6000 ft., and Misuai unis, Griffith. A small plant. Leaves 3-partite ; segments cuneate at the base, taperiug upwards to a point, 3-lobed; lobes inciso-crenate. lowers 1 in. diam., white or pinkish.— Habit of A. xemorosa, L., and A. ranunculoides, L. 6. A. Falconeri, Thoms. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 899; rootstock short stout fibrous, invol. leaves small sessile connate, flowers solitary. H.f. & T. Hi. Ind, 21, Hepatica sp. Fale. in Royle Ill, 25 (in note). West Trmrerate Himanaya, in shady woods; Kashmir, Falconer; Kishtwar, Thomson ; Hazara, J. L. Stewart, Soltly hairy. Radical leaves many, long-petioled, 3-partite ; segments ovate-cuneate, lobed. Scapes 3-6 in.; invol. leaves oblong, entire or obtusely 3-lobed. Flowers 44 in. diam., white, shortly pedicelled. Achenes oblong, angled, silky.—Habit of Hepati but flowers pedicelled. &) angled, alky.— Habit of Hepatioa, 7, &. obtusiloba, Don Prodr. 194; rootstock woody fibrous, radical leaves 3-partite, segments broad sessile, invol. leaves small sessile free, scape 1-3-flowered. H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 22. A. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4688. A. discolor, Royle Jil. 52,t.11, £1. A. micrantha, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. t. 38. A. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4689, in part. TEMPERATE AND ALPINE Himavava, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 9-15,000 ft. Densely tufted, glabrate or softly hairy.. Rootstock clothed’ with old leaf-sheaths. Radical leaves many, stalked, suborbicular, deeply cordate ; segments broad, cuneate variously cut and lobed, rarely shortly petiolate. ‘“Scapes 6-12 in., 1-3-flowered: invol. leaves 3-fid. J'owers white purplish or golden; pedicels long, slender. Sepats silky Anemone.] 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook, f. & Thoms.) 9 outside, generally lead-coloured near the claw. Achenes strigose, rarely glabrous.— Very variable in size, hairiness, and colour of flower; the most abnormal form is de- scribed as var. glabra in Fl. Ind. from W. Tibet ( Winterbottom), it is quite glabrous ‘with very many golden sepals. . 8. & rupestris, Wail. Cat. 4696; slightly hairy, rootstock stout fibrous, radical leaves 3-partite, segments narrow petioled, invol, leaves ‘small sessile free, scape 1-3-flowered. Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind, 21, Axrins Hmataya, from Kashmir and Hazara to Sikkim; ascending to 15,000 ft., Wallich, &c. ; Probably a staté of A. obéusiloba, but smaller, more slender, Jess hairy, with narrower ‘segments to the more cut leaves. The Sikkim specimens have more divided leaves and hooked glabrous achenes, but the latter are immature.—Flower golden yellow. 9, & trullifolia, H./. & 7. Fl. Ind, 22; densely hairy, rootstock stuut fibrous, radical leaves oval 3-lobed, invol. leaves small sessile free, scape 1-3-flowered. ‘ ea Eastern Himataya, Sikkim, alt. 11-15,000 ft, Hooker f.; Bhotan, iffith. : Probably another form of A. obtusiloba, with more entire leaves, and more silky hairs, the flowers are golden yellow and achenes densely .strigose.—Amongst Strachey’s specimens of A. obtusiloba, are some with similarly entire leaves, but they are longer- petioled and less hairy than in A. trullifolia, ; 10, A. rivularis, Ham. in DC. Syst. i. 211 (not of Wall. Cat.); silky ‘pubescent, rootstock stout woody, radical leaves 3-partite, segments lobed and serrate, invol. leaves large free, cymes many-flowered. Don Prodr. i. 93; H.f.&@ @. Fl. Ind. 23, A. hispida, Wall. Cat. 4694. A. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4697; W. & A. Prodr. 3; Wight Ic. t. 936. A. dubia, Wall. Cat. 4698; W. & A. Prodr. 3. “A. geraniifolia, Wall. Cat, 4693. Temperate regions above 5000 ft. throughout Ivvra, and. CzYLon. Stem 1-8 ft. branched. Radical leaves long-petioled, 8-6 in. diam.; segments cuneate at the base, broadly oval or trapezoid, deeply 3-lobed, lobes cut and serrate. Cyme compound ; branches spreading, elongate, 2-bracteolate ; invol. leaves large, 3- partite, ultimate segments linear-oblong, acutely inciso-serrate. Flowers 1-14 in. ‘diam., white or bluish outside. Sepals 5-8, silky outside. Achenes large, oblong ; style ‘hooked.—A monster with the inflorescence or leafy umbel often 6 in. diam., is common in the W. Himalaya. Sect. IV. Omalocarpus, DC. Acheneswith a short style, not imbedded in wool, much compressed, almost winged, (Flowers usually many in the umbels ; pedicels not involucellate.) * Flowers in simple umbels (sometimes compound im 12, polyanthes), ll. A. demissa, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 23; softly hairy, leaves 3-partite, segments petiolate, scapes decumbent. Axpixe Eastern Himatava; Sikkim, alt. 18-16,000 ft, Hooker f : ‘Rootstock woody, clothed with old leaf-sheaths. Leaves 1 in. diam., orbicular; seg- ‘ments cuneate-obovate, variously cut. Scapes 6-16 in., stout; invol. leaves small, Blobed. Flowers 3-6, 1 in. diam., bluish. Achenes very flat, orbicular, glabrous ; style deflexed. 12, A, polyanthes, Don Prodr. 194; densely sili, leaves 5-7-lobed, scapes erect. H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 24, A. longiscapa, all, Oat. 4691. A. scaposa, Edgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 27. A. villosa, Royle Ill. 52. A. Govaniana, Jb. p. 45 (not of Wall. & Don). 10 I. RANUNCULACEEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Anemone. Inner Hiazaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; from Kashmir to Sikkim, Wallich, &e. 5f Rootstock stout, woody. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, 2-4 in. diam., hee ‘with cordate; lobes broad, cuneate, 3-fid and crenate. Umbels many-flowered, simple or wit the side branches divided and involucellate; invol. leaves cuneate-oblong, variable, more or less cut. Flowers 1 in. diam., white. Achenes broadly oval, with a sharp .straight beak.—Perhaps only a form of A. narcissiflora, with less cut leaves, more compound umbel, and differently shaped achenes. 13. A. narcissiflora, L, ; DC. Prodr. i. 21; densely villous, leaves palmately 5-partite, segments deeply cut into linear lobes, scapes erect. Hf. & T. Fl, Ind. 2A. Kasuuir, Falconer, Winterbottom.—Distris. Alps of S. and Central Europe, W. Asia, Siberia, N. W. America. ; 4 Very similar to and probably connected by intermediates with A. polyanthes, but smaller, 1 ft, high; leaves 1-2 in. diam. ; flowers simply umbelled, and achenes nearly orbicular with an incurved beak. : ** Flowers in umbels or cymes (see 12, polyanthes). 14, A. tetrasepala, Royle Jil. 53; glabrate, leaves deeply 5-lobed, achenes obovate-oblong with a hooked beak. A. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 24. Western Himasava, Marri, Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 8-11,000 ft. : Rootstock woody ; crown fibrous; buds, petioles, and young leaves woolly. Radical leaves 3-10 in. diam., long-petioled, coriaceous, reniform or cordate, deeply 5-lobed; segments acute, entire lobed or inciso-serrate. Cyme often thrice branched, contracted or effuse and 1 foot long; invol. leaves large, broadly cuneate, sharply toothed. Flowers white.—A large robust species allied to A. polyanthes. 15, &. elongata, Don Prodr. 194; pubescent, leaves 3-partite, achenes broadly oval with a short straight beak. H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 25. A. rivu- laris, Wall: Cat. 4692 (not of others). Temperate Hiaara, Garwhal, alt. 10,000 ft., Ser. & Winterb.; Nipal, Wallich ; Kauasia uixts, alt. 5000 ft.. Hf & T. : Rootstock small, fibrous. Stem 2-3 ft:, slender, pubescent. Radical leaves 2-4 in. diam., long-petioled, orbicular, base cordate, with a few soft hairs chiefly below; lateral segments deeply 2-lobed, mid-segment 3-lobed; lobes acute, inciso-dentate. Cymes ‘elongate, few-flowered, twice or thrice divided, fascicles 2~3-flowered. Inwol. leaves oblong or broad-cuneate, variously toothed. Flowers white—Remarkable for the elon- gate stems and scapes. 4, THALICTRUM, Linn. Erect, usually rigid, perennial herbs. Zeaves compound ; petioles sheath- ing, often auricled or stipuled. Flowers panicled or racemed, often poly- gamous. Sepals 4-5, petaloid, imbricate. Petals 0, Stamens many. Carpels few or many; ovule 1, pendulous. /’rwit a small head of sessile or stalked achenes; style persistent or deciduous.—Distris, Temperate and culd northern regions, very rare in the S. ; species 50. Secr. | Physocarpum, DC. Achenes stalked, laterally compressed, antes bi Leaves ternately decompound, or in 6, pauciflorum 2-ternately ivided. : : 1. T. elegans, Wall. Cat. 4728; stem 8-12 in., leaves 2-3 in. glaucous beneath, flowers small, anthers short mucronate achenes long-stalked ventral suture winged. Royle Jll.51; H. f. dé T. Fi. Ind. 13 5 Ldgew, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 26. Thalictrum.] 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 11 Svusatrine Himaraya, from Hazara to Sikkim, alt. 10-13,000 ft. ‘ Leaves decompound ; leaflets small, suborbicular, 3-lobed or -partite ; segments ob- ovate. Panicle sparingly branched; branches almost racemose. Flowers very small, green-purple. Filaments filiform. Achenes 6-12, shorter than their stalks, obliquely obovate, membranous ; stigma sublateral, incurved, 2.0. platycarpum, 7. f. & T, Fl. Ind. 13; stems 8-18 in., leaves 2-3 in, glandular-puberulous beneath, flowers small, anthers long not pointed, achenes short-stalked strongly 3-ribbed on each side. Aurins Himarava and Wrsr Tissr, rare; Nubra, H. Strachey ; Hundes, Str. & Wint. ; Badrinath and Chur in Garwnat, Falconer. Habit and Fane of T. elegans, but more wiry, branches of panicle longer and more leafy, and segments of leaves sharper. Flowers greenish. Achenes 4-10, gla- cae aed obovate, dorsal suture nearly straight.—Probably an alpine state of T. cultratum. 3. T. cultratum, Wall. Cat. 3715; Pl. As. Rar. ii, 26; stem 2-4 ft., leaves large, flowers greenish-white, anthers with a long point, achenes oe eied 3-ribbed on each side, T. Chelidonii 8, i SJ. & T, Fi. nd, 13, Temverate Hrataya, from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft. Glabrous, branched. Leaf-sheaths with small auricles; leaflets 4-} in., obovate- cuneate, membranous, glabrous or slightly pubescent below, obtusely 3-lobed, lobes mucronate, of the upper leaves acute. Panicles lax. Sepals 4 in. Achenes glabrous, $-obovate; dorsal suture straight; style straight or hooked. 4. T. Chelidonii, DC. Prodr. i, 11; stem 2-8-flowered, leaves large, flowers large lilac or purple, anthers shortly mucronate, achenes long-stalked membranous reticulate, style incurved. T. Chelidonii y cysticarpum, H./. & T. Fl. Ind. 14, TT. cysticarpum, Wall. Cat. 3714; Pl. As. Rar, ii. t. 129. Temperate Himazaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft. ; from Kulu to Sikkim. -Usually much-branched. Leaflets of the lower leaves 1 in. diam., orbicular- cordate, 3—-4-crenate or -lobed, glabrous and pale beneath; floral leaflets sharply toothed. Panicle with long rigid branches; pedicels often 1 in., rigid, tips deflexed, especially in fruit. lowers 1in. diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Achenes numerous, as long as their stalk.—Muricated bulbils often occur in the leaf axils; monstrous states have many or all the achenes enlarged and seedless. 5, I. reniforme, Wall. Cat. 3716; Pl. As. Rar. ii. 26; glandular when young, stem 3-6 ft., leaves large, flowers small greenish-white, anthers with a long point, achenes long-stalked puberulous 3-ribbed on each side, style straight. T. Chelidonii a reniforme, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 13. T. neurocar- pum, Royle IU, 51. Temperate Armaxaya, from Kulu to Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft. Usually much-branched. Leaf-sheaths expanding into adnate stipules; principal divisions with white deciduous stipellé at the base; leaflets 1-14 in. diam., orbicular- cordate, often slightly 3-lobed, pale and softly pubescent beneath, floral smaller and more sharply toothed. Panicle lax, decompound. lowers smaller than in the two last, 3-4 im. diam. Sepals very deciduous. Achenes 6-8, as long as their stalks, }-obovate, dorsal suture straight. 6. ZT. paucifiorum, fovyle Ill. 52; glabrous, stem 1-2 ft., leaves sub- sessile 2-ternate, flowers small, anthers shortly pointed, achenes short- stalked, 3-nerved on each side, style straight. A. fid 7. £1. Ind.14. T. secundum and T, macrostigma, Fdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 26. Westen Temrerave Himauaya; from Kashmir to Kumaon, alt. 7-13,000 ft. 12 {. RANUNCULACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Thalictrum. Stem branched. Leaves small, uniform in size all up the stem; leaflets obovate- cuneate, 3-4-lobed, reticulate, pale beneath, all petioled, mid-leaflets longest-petioled. Panicle with 1 or few flowers at the ends of long branches. Sepals 3-nerved, ovate, acute. Achenes 3-5, obovate, dorsal suture straight. Sxcr. J], Euthalictrum, DC. Achenes not compressed, oval or oblong, sessile or stalked (see 11, alpinum, and 14, Punduanum). * Achenes elongate, more or less stipitate, Anthers with a very shott beak or 0. 7. @. virgatum, H. fd 7. Fl. Ind. 14; leaves subsessile simply ter- nate, flowers small white, achenes many small erect acute at each end ribbed, stigma straight. Eastern Hiwaraya, inner valleys of Sikkim, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Hook.f. Buorat, Griffith (It. notes, 284). - : : ji Glabrous. Stem erect, 1-14 ft. Leaflets 4-1 in., coriaceous, reticulate, orbicular, 5-7-lobed, base cuneate, glaucous beneath. Panicle decompound, spreading, bracts minute. Anthers not beaked. Achenes 10-25, very short-stalked. 8, T. rutefolium, Z, f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 14; glabrous, weak, straggling, leaves decompoundly pinnate, flowers racemed very small greenish, achenes few many-ribbed oblong curved, style incurved. Western Tier, alt. 10-14,000 ft. Thomson; interior of Sikkim, alt. 12,000 ft., Hook. f. More or less glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaf-sheath auricled; divisions stipellate; leaflets very stnall, 3-lobed or -partite, base cuneate. ‘Panicle with long rigid simple branches ; pedicels spreading or deflexed. Anthers short; shortly beaked. Achenes shortly stipitate, abruptly deflexed, beaked by the style—The Sikkim specimens are greener and more luxuriant than the Tibetan, and have longer acheries. . 9. T. pedunculatum, Ldgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 27; leaves 3-ternate, flowers large white, achenes elongate strongly ribbed, style in- curved. Hf. & T. Hl. Ind. 15; Griff. Itin. not, 348, Westesn Temperate Himataya; Simla to Kaftristan, alt. 6-8000 ft., Hdgeworth, &e. Glabrous. Stem 1~2 ft. Leaves long-petioled, rimary and secondary divisions long-stalked ; leaflets membranous, 1 in. diam., orbtoulae or cuneate-obovate, 8-7: lobed. Panicle terminal; pedicels long, Sepals variable in size, 4-1 in., oblong, obtuse, twice as long as the stamens. Anthers not pointed, short. Achenes 3-8 in, linear-oblong, tapering at both ends. —Griffith’s Kadffristan specimens are larger flowered than the Himalayan. 10, T. rostellatum, H./. ¢ 7. Fl. Ind. 15; diffusely branched, leaves ternately decompound, flowers small white, achenes tapering into a straight beak half their length, tip hooked, Tewprrats Himazaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft., rare, from Simla, Jacquemont, &c., to Sikkim, Hook. f. ** Achenes short, oblong, ribbed, subsessile (stalked in 11, alpinum and 14, Punduanum). t Leaves simple, once or twice ternate, or pinnate (rarely 2-pinnate). ll, @. alpinum, LZ. ; DC. Prodr.i.12- small, slender. pinnate rarely 2-pinnate, flowers racemed, achenes oblong striate subsessile or stipitate. A. fi. & 7. Fl. Ind.18, T. microphyllum an Thalictrum.) 1. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook, f. & Thoms.) | 13 Acpine Himaraya and Wasr Tine, alt, 10-17,000 ft.—Disrem. North Alpine and Arctic regions. A slender, tufted, glabrous perennial. Stem 3-6 in. Leaflets small, rounded, 3-lobed or almost 3-partite, glaucous beneath. Scapes simple, rarely forked; pedicels short, reflexed in fruit; bracteoles oblong, obtuse, membranous. lowers greenish. Anthers beaked. Achenes.few.—The length of the: stalk of the achene varies in both European and Indian specimens. 12. TF. rotundifolium, DC. Syst. i.185; leaves simple, stipules free, filaments filiform, achenes with a straight beak hooked at the tip. Don Prodr. 193; Wall. Cat. 2713; Pl. As. Rar. t. 264; H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 19. Nivat, Hamilton, Wallich. " Stem erect, 1 ft.; roots fibrous. Leaves long-petioled, 2-3 in. diam., orbicular or reniform, with many shallow toothed lobes, membranous, much reticulate, scabrous on, both surfaces; stipules oblong. Panicle few-flowered. Achenes immature. 13, TE. Dalzellii, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 866; leaves 3-foliolate rarely 2-ternate, stipules free, panicle subsimple, filaments clavate, achenes with a long straight beak hooked at, the tip, A. fi & 7. Fl. Ind. 10; Dale. & Gids. Bombay Flora, 2. Mountains of the Western Peninsuta; Harrichander, Dalzell; Bababuden hills in Malabar, Law. : Stem erect, 1 ft. Leaves slightly sheathing at the base; leaflets 14-2 in. diam.,, reniform, deeply cordate, 7-9-lobed, lobes crenate or toothed; stipules oblong. Panicle small, branches few. Flowers white, fascicled at the ‘endsjof the branches. Achenes many, sessile, ribbed. 14. ©. Punduanum, Wail. Cat. 3712; Pl. As. Rar. ii. 26; leaves 9-ternate, sheaths auricled, panicle much branched, filaments filiform, achéenes many small ribbed, beak long straight hooked at the tip. Hifi é 7, Fil. Ind. 18. Temperate Western Hutavaya; wet rocks of Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 4500- 7000 ft. Kuasta Hitz, rocks near Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft. Stem 2 ft., erect. Leaves long-petioled, upper 3-foliolate; leaflets 1-2 in. diam., orbicular or oval, base cordate or truncate, 5-lobed, crenate, glancous.or tomentose be- neath, lateral oblique; stipels 0. Panicle nearly leafless. Flowers white. Achenea sessile or stalked, beak nearly their own length_—T wo well-marked varieties, Var. 1. glaucum; leaves membranous, glabrous and glancous beneath, achenes sessile glabrous —W. Himalaya and Khasia. Van. 2. glandulosum; leaves coriaceous viscidly pubescent beneath, achenes mora or less stalked glandular-hairy—Khasia, with. the former. +t Leaves ternately or pinnately decompound. 15. ©. saniculeeforme, DC. Prodr, i. 12; small, leaf subsolitary, 3-4- ternate, stipules almost free, filaments filiform, anthers short mucronate, achenes many small ribbed with a long straight beak hooked at the tip. H.f. & T. Fi. Ind. 15. T. radiatum, Hoyle Ill, 52, Temperate Himataya; on wet rocks and tree trunks, from Simla and Kunawer to Sikkim (alt. 8000 ft.). ; Erect, 6-12 in., wiry, glabrous; root fibrous. Fadical ad often equalling the pas nicle, long-petioled, stem leaves few ; leaflets $-1 in., orbicular or oval, base cuneate, membranous, glaucous beneath, 3-lobed or ~partite, lobes. rounded or mucronate, Flowers. sniall, white. -Achenes. sessile, oblong, as long as their beak.—Omitted in Wallich’s Catalogue, but distributed by him. : 1g. £. Savanicum, Blume Bijd. 2; tall, leaves ternately decompound, stipules adnate membranous fimbriate, filaments club-shaped, anthers not 14 I. RANUNCULACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Zhalictrum. pointed, achenes large strongly ribbed, beak short hooked. Miguel Fl, Ned, Ind. i. pt. 2,5. T. glyphocarpum, W. & A. Prodr. 2; Wight Tc, t. 48 ; Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 16. Temperate Hiwatava, from Simla to Sikkim, alt. 6-12,000 ft. Kasia HILLS, alt. 5~6000 ft.; Parusnath in Bewag, alt. 4000 ft.; mountains of the WesTeRN PeninsuLa and Ceyton.—Distris. Java. ; Stem 2-3 {t., erect, glabrous ; roots fibrous, Leaves without stipels ; leaflets mem- branous, }-3 in. diam., membranous, orbicular or oval, obtusely 3-7-toothed at the tip, base rounded or cordate, more or less ylaucous beneath. Panicle branched. Flowers often clustered at the ends of the branches, small, white. Achenes 8-15, large, oblong. 17. B. foliolosum, DC. Syst. i. 175; tall, leaves pinnately decom. pound, sheaths auricled, filaments filiform, anthers beaked, achenes few acute at both ends sharply ribbed. Don Prodr. 192; Wall. Cat. 3711; Royle I. 51; H.f. & T. Hl. Ind. 16. Temperate Himaxaya, alt. 5-8000 ft. Kuasta HILzs, alt. 4-6000 ft. Stem 4-8 ft., glabrous. Leaves very much divided, without stipels; leaflets 3-2 in., rarely 1 in., orbicular. Panicle much branched; bracts small. lowers polygamous, white pale green or dingy purple. Achenes usually 2-5, small, oblong. 18, ©. minus, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 13;.tall, leaves decompoundly pinnate exstipulate, filaments filiform, anthers elongate apiculate, achenes tapering 7. ee ends ribbed tipped by the oblong oblique style. A. f.& 7. Fi.. nd. 16. Inner valleys of the Temerrate Himazaya, and in West Timer, alt. 9-12,000 ft.— Distr. Europe, N. Asia, Abyssinia, §. Africa. Stem 2-4 ft., erect. eaves sheathing, principal divisions with or without stipels: leaflets very variable, orbicular oval or oblong, 3-lobed; lobes crenate or toothed. Punicle much branched, leafless or nearly so. lowers dingy purple. Achenes 5-8, oblong.— We have again compared extensive suites of European, N. Asiatic, and Indian specimens, with the aid of Regel’s monograph, and find no reason for modifying the views expressed in Flora Indica, that all our Indian forms are referable to one species which is very variable in foliage, but constant in flowers.—The most prominent Indian varieties are :— Var. 1. vulgare ; glabrous, leaflets small }4 in. T. minus, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 8.—The common European form, less common in Tibet than the following. Var. 2. fotidum (sp. L.); glandular-pubescent especially on the leaves beneath, leaflets as in vulgare, T. minus f glandulosum, Kock. T. vaginatum, Royle Ill. 52. Var. 8. majus (sp. Jacg.); glabrous, often glaucous; leaflets 1 in., achenes rather shorter and broader than in the common form. T. Kemense, Fries, T. Maxwellii, Royle Jil. 52—Kunawer, Royle, &c. Kafiristan, Griffith. — Indian specimens have acutely 3-lobed leaflets, exactly agreeing with T. Kemense, Fr. In foliage it often closely resembles T. flavum. 5, CALLIANTHEMUM, C. A. Meyer. A stemless perennial. eaves all radical, 2-pinnate or d Scapes j-flowered. Sepals 5, deciduous, Petals B15, with a meer aa pit on the claw. Stamens numerous. Carpels many ; style short ; ovule 1; log | Fruit of many subglobose achenes tipped by the short style ef ISTRIB, Two species, a European and Siberian, and the following :— ; 1. G. cachemirianum, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t Ca ane Af. & T. Fl. Ind, 26. Ranunculus pitipinellotdes, ae a Callianthemum.] 1, RANUNCULACER, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 15 Inner ranees or THE Himaayas, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from- Kashmir, Jacquemont, to Sikkim, Hook. f. Densely tufted, glabrous, glaucous; root fibrous. Leaves very numerous, long- petioled, segments rounded, 2-3-sect; pinules orbicular, deeply cut. Scapes 2-4 in., shorter than the leaves. Flowers 1~14 in. diam., white. pa broadly elliptic. Petals, 8-12, 3 times larger than the sepals, oblong-cuneate, retuse. Achenes few, large, ovoid, obtuse, rugose. 6. ADONIS, Linn. Annual or perennial herbs, Zeaves much divided. Sepals 5-8, petaloid, coloured, imbricate. Petals 5-16, yellow or red, eglandular.. Carpels many; style short; ovule 1, pendulous. /rudé a spike or head of many achenes tipped with a short persistent style—DistTRrB. 3 or 4 European and Asiatic species. ‘4 Sect. I. Adonia, DC. Annual erect herbs, with leafly stems and scarlet owers. 1. A. wstivalis, Z.; DC. Prodr. i. 24; petals spreading, achenes an- gular, with a tooth on the inner angle near the beak. W.d A. Prodr. i. 3; Af. & T. Fl. Ind. 25. A, Inglisii, Royle ll. 53. » Western Himataya, in cornfields, from Kumaon to Kashmir, Hazara, and: Peshawur.—Disrris. Temperate Europe and Asia. An erect annual, 1-2 ft., simple or branched, nearly glabrous. Leaves decompoundly- pinnate, segments filiform. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches, variable in size, scarlet with a dark purple eye. -Achenes in an ovoid or oblong head, deeply pitted. — Differs from A. autumnalas in the spreading petals, but there are many intermediates. The achenes afford a very variable character, too much used in dividing varieties of this into species. 2, Ae scrobiculata, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 17; pee Bpressingy achenes angular surrounded near the broad base by a flattened almost winged collar. Wesr Himaraya, Kishtwar, Stewart.—Distrie. Afghanistan. — Doubtfully distinct from A. estivalis, and only by the achenes which are more sharply. angled, less pitted, and rough with small tubercles; the upper achenes seem to lose the basal wing. A. marginaia, Bienert in Herb. Bunge, seems to be the same plant. Sect, IL Gonsoligo. Perennial herbs, with golden yellow flowers. 3. A. chrysocyathus, H./.é 7. ; petals at length spreading, achenes not angular turgid, style tapering revolute. A. pyrenaica, H.f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 26 (not of DC). CarysocyatHus (gen.), Falconer in Royle Ill. in- trod. XXX. Wesrern Aueinr Hmaxaya, in Chamba and Kashmir, Jacquemont; Western Trpur in Deotsu and Guge, Strachy & Winterb. : : ne Rootstock scaly, horizontal. Stems several, erect, leafy, flowering 6-9 in., fruiting’ 15 in. Radical leaves petioled, 3-6 in., deltoid, pinnately decompound, segments narrow-linear or subcuneate. Flowers golden-yellow, 2 in. and more diam., buds glo- bose. Sepals 7-8, obovate, acute, many-nerved. Petals 16-24, twice as long as the sepals, narrow-obovate, obtuse. Achenes in a dense head, 3 in. diam., glabrous, flattened anteriorly, dorsally convex and obtusely keeled.—The foliage and flowers closely re- semble those of A. pyrenaica, to which in the absence of fruits we formerly referred it, and from which it differs in the numerous much smaller achenes, 16 I, RANUNCULACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Hanunculus, 7, RANUNCULUS, Linn. Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves entire lobed or dissected. Stipules membranous or 0. /Zowers usually panicled, white or yellow. Se 3-6, caduecous, imbricate in bud. Petals usually 5, rarely 0, often glandular near the base. Stamens many. Carpels many ; styles short ; ovule 1 ascend- ing. Fruit a head or spike of beaked or apiculate achenes.—Distriz. All temperate and cold regions ; species about 160, Sect. I. Batrachium. Water plants. lowers white. -Achenes trans- versely wrinkled, sometimes obscurely. 1, R. aquatilis, Z.; var. trichophyllus ; leaves all submerged capil- laceo-multifid, stipules }-adnate, auricles large, flowers small, stamens few, R. aquatilis, Don in Royle Ill. 54; H.f.& T Fl. Ind. 29. West Himavayra, from Kumaon to the Indus. East anp West Tiser. Plains of the Punsas, as far south as Delhi and Saharunpore.—Disrris. Temperate N. and S, hemispheres. The Indian forms have been identified by Mr. Baker with trichophyllus, and its sub- varieties Drouetii and pantothrixz. Large flowered specimens from Hanle in Tibet differ from true aquutilis chiefly in the absence of floating leaves. A small greener terrestrial variety grows in the Punjab. Floating leaves are invariably absent in the Indian plant. Secr. IL Geratocephalus, Mench (genus). Annual herbs, Flowers yellow. Achenes gibbous at the sides, with a long terminal beak. 2 RB. faleatus, ZL. ; leaves 3-fid or pinnatifid, scapes longer. than the Ieaves 1-flowered. Ceratocephalus falcatus, Pers. ; H.f.d& 7. Fl. Ind. 28, oe epiboneres, OE: 3 Deless. Lc, sel. i. t. 28. Anemone cynosurus, Griff. Ic. . iv. t. 660, f. 1. Temperate Himarara, from Kishtwar westwards. Pungan, dr place Peshawur, Stewart.—Disrriw. 8. E. Europe and W. ete oe as Glabrous or a little woolly. Leaves all radical, segments narrow-linear, entire or 8-fid: petiole margined, tapering downwards. Scapes 1 or more, 1-3 in, longer than the leaves. Flowers small. Stamens 5-15. Achenes with the beak straight or curved.—A very variable little plant, of which 7 or 8 species have been made; Boissier reduces them to 2, a hooked and straight beaked, having never seen intermediates, of which we have seen many. : : Ce ut. eae D Ae Poe rarely annual. Fowers yellow in the Indian species). Achenes smoot i tubercled, shortly beaked. Se ee eee * Radical or all the leaves undivided (except sometimes in 7, putchellus).- 3. R. Lingua, J. ; tall, erect, glab 1 : eee “DO. pn ae : ae : oe See! peeilate, flowers large,, tg Himaxara ; Kashmir Lake, Jacquemont, &c.—Disram. Temperate N. hemi- sphere. : _ Rootstock creeping. Stem 2-3 ft., hollow. Leaves 4-8 i i ci entire or remotely toothed, veins parallel, venules yallculaioe Pere nese Achenes pitted; beak, broad, flat. : eee 4, R. reniformis, Wall. Cat. 4709; erect, : ” broadly oval or orbicular coarsely toothed, ete ic or gaat pie ays Wight 11.1.t.2; It. 75; Hf& 7 Fl. Ind.30. ° 9° — a7 Ranunculus.| | 1. RANUNCULACER. ‘(Hook. f. & Thoms.) 17 Higher mountains of the Western Prninsuna, Wight, &c. Rootstock stout, horizontal, densely fibrous. Stem 1-14 ft.; branches few, 1-flowered. , Radical leaves 1-3 in., thick, base truncate or cordate, glabrate or sparsely setose ; cauline few, narrow, bracteiform. Flowers 1 in. diam. Petals obovate-oblong. Achenes oblong, tumid, in a globose head ; beak straight. ‘ 5. R. sagittifolius, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 173; erect, glabrous above, leaves oblong-cordate or sagittate crenate, petals 5. H. fi & 7. Fl. Ind, 30. RB. hastatus, Walker mss. ex Wight Ill. i. 5. Mountains of Certon, above 6000 ft., Walker, &c. fiootstock creeping. Stem erect, with scattered hairs near the base. Radical leaves long-petioled, base deeply cordate with rounded lobes; cauline narrow-lanceolate, inciso-dentate or almost pinnatitid. Petals nearly orbicular. Achenes as in BR. reni- formis.—Nistinguished from BR. reniformis chiefly by the few petals; the leaves are very variable in both. #. javanicus, BL., is closely allied, but quite glabrous. 6. R. Cymbalariz, Pursh. Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 392 ; ereeping, glabrous, rae oblong or orbicular 3-5-lobed, or -partite, petals 5-8. H.f.& T. Fl. nd, 31. West Tier, between 7000 and 17,000 ft., Thomson. Interior of Sixxm, alt. 14,000 ft., Hook. f—Disrrim. Persia, Siberia, Arctic and cold temperate N. America, Cordillera of N. and S, America. Footstock with long rooting runners; stem 0. Leaves }-} in. diam., base rounded or slightly cordate. Scape erect, leaflets 1-8-flowered; bracts at the forks, linear. Flowers 4-4 in. diam. Sepals spreading or reflesed. Achenes many, small, obovate, compressed, gibbous at the back, sides longitudinally 3-ribbed; beak straight or hooked. —Variable in foliage and form of heads of fruit, and stolons sometimes absent. 7. R, pulchellus, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. ii. 333; erect, glabrous hairy or silky, leaves elliptic oblong entire or 3-7-toothed or lobed, petals 5. A. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 31. RB. salsuginosus, Wall. Cat. 4708 (not of Don). R, flammula, Don in Royle Ill. 53 (not of Linn.). R. nephelegenes, Hdgew. an Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 28. Awping Himataya, in the inner ranges from Sikkim westward, and in WESTERN. Tiset, from 10-18,000 ft.—Distris. Affghanisian, Siberia, Mongolia. Stem 3-12 in., simple or with a few 1-flowered branches. Leaves glabrous or pubes- cent, sometimes palmately lobed; cauline lanceolate, often entire. Flowers 4 in. diam. Sepals elliptic, often black-tipped. Petals broadly obovate. Achenes in an oblong head, small, inflated, glabrous; style nearly straight—Common and very, variable, states with broad deeply cut leaves pass into glabrous achened states of BR. pedatifidus. The R. longicaulis, C. A. Meyer, is another variety. Var. 1. typicus; leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent. Var, 2. sericeus ; leaves densely silky. R. membrauaceus, Royle Jil. 53. 8. R. lobatus, Jacg. ex Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 5, t. i.B; decumbent, glabrous, leaves orbicular crenate coriaceous, petals 5. .H.f. dé T. Fl. Ind. 31. R. salsuginosus, Don in Royle Ill. 53 (not of Wail, Cat.). Apine Himaraya, in the inner ‘ranges, alt. 12-16,000 ft. from Zanskar to Sikkim, and in West Tier, Jacquemont, &c. Rootstock giving off weak decumbent leafy stems 2-3 in., not stoloniferous. Zadical leaves 4-1 in. diam., long-petioled, rounded or cordate at the base; cauline similar but shorter petioled, often 3-toothed. Flowers 3-3 in. diam. Sepals oval. Petals broadly obovate. Achenes in an oval head, slightly compressed, beaked by the long straight style—Distinguished from 2. pulchellus by the diffuse stem, large fleshy cauline leaves and large flower, but intermediates occur. VOL, 1. 1°] 18 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus, ** Leaves lobed or much divided. -Achenes turgid, not margined, com- pressed in 10, Cherophyllos (see 7, pulchellus). i i leaves 3-7- 9. R. hyperboreus, Roild. ; stem creeping stoloniferous, 2 lobed or canllgesosnalind, flowers small solitary, petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. : : Inner regions of the Aurrvs Hiwataya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, and in WEsTEEN Trser, alt, 14-17,000 #t.—Dusrris. Arctic and Alpine Northern regions. eee A small glabrous perennial, terrestrial or floating. Leaves orbicular or reni wie ase sometimes cuneate, lobed to the middle or base. Sepals reflexed. Petals obovate. Achenes in dense heads, very small, oval, beaked by the short style-—Minute specimens without stolons are undistinguishable from 2. pygmceus, Vahl. i ‘ Var 1, typicus ; creeping on moist ground, leaves very small 3-lobed to about the middle, base rounded or cuneate, head of achenes small. R. hyperboreus, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 32. noe d Van. 2. -natans, Regel; floating, leaves 4-1 in. diam., reniform 5-7-lobed, heads of achenes large. R. natans, C. A. Meyer; R. radicans, H. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 32 (in art). F P ‘ vs 3. radicans; creeping in moist soil, leaves rounded or reniform 5—7-partite, heads of fruit largé. R. radicans, C. A. Meyer; H. f. &T. FI. Ind. 32 (in part); BR. radicans a typicus, Regel. ’ ; ae . Var. 4, multifidus; floating, leaves capillaceo-multifid like R. aquatilis. R. Purshii, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. RB. radicans y multifidus, Regel.—Ladak, Stewart. 10. R. Cheerophyllos, Linn. ; erect, pubescent or villous, leaves ter- nately partite rarely entire, achenes compressed in an oblong head, beak long straight. A. f.d& 7. Fl. [nd. 33. Western Tiser, mountains of Hasora, alt. 12,000 ft., Winterbottom.—Distas, S. Europe, Asia Minor, Persia. Rootstock tuberous, with thick fibres. Stem 6-12 in., simple or with 2—4 long 1-flowered branches. Radical leaves rarely oval and entire, usually with 3-partite or variously cut segments, cauline few 3-partite or linear and entire. flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals spreading. Achenes many, oval. ll. R. affinis, Br. ; erect or diffuse, hairy, leaves pedately 5-9-lobed, achenes in oblong heads inflated, beak straight. R. ceespitosus, Wall. Cat, 4701 ; 2 f.& T. Fl. Ind. 33. RB. pedatifidus, Led. (not Smith), RB. dahu- ricus, T'urcz. Inner ranges of the Temprrate and Auyine Himataya, from Sikkim to Balti, alt. 11-16,000 ft.; and in Western Tiser.—Distris. Temperate and Arctic Asia and America.. Stems 6-12 in., often many, from a perennial, slender, branched rootstock. Radical leaves reniform, 4-1 in. diam., lobed to the middle or base, lobes oblong or linear; lower cauline with narrower segments, upper entire or 3-5-partite. Flowers 4-8 in. diam. Sepals silky. Achenes small, scarcely compressed.—Hardly different from the Siberian R. ameenus, Led. (R. pedatifidus, Sm.) 12, R. hirtellus, Royle [7l. 53 ; erect or decumbent, pubescent, leaves 3-partite, achenes in an oblong or globose head inflated, style straight or hooked. H.f. &T7. Fl. Ind. 34. HR. attenuatus, nervosus choorensis and ‘glabratus, Royle Ill. 53. Temperate and supatrins Western Hiwataya, ascending to 14,000 ft. (a dwarf large flowered state). : Rootstock densely fibrous. Stems many, 1-1} ft., branched, many-flowered (except the alpine forms). Radical leaves 14-2 in. diam., reniform, lateral segments often deeply 2-lobed; cauline palmately 3-5-partite. Fiowers 3-2 in. diam. Sepals with appressed hairs. Achenes many, glabrous or hairy.—Very variable, and closely allied , ‘ Ranunculus.] I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 1% to the European 2. awricomus, but the achenes are smaller, less compressed, are in an oval head, and the radical leaf appears never to be entire. 13. R. nivalis, Zinn. ; small, erect, 1-flowered, shaggy above, leaves 3-5-lobed or -partite, sepals shaggy. A. f. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 35. AupineE Himataya. Tunkra pass in Sikkim, alt. 16,000 ft., Hook. f.—Disrrm. Arctic Europe, Asia, and America. Rootstock small. Stems subsolitary, 1-3 in., glabrous below. Radical leaves gla- brous, segments 3-lobed; lower cauline petioled, upper sessile——Apparently the same as the arctic plant, but not found in fruit. 14. R. sceleratus, Linn. ; annual, erect, glabrous, leaves 3-partite, achenes many in an oblong liead small obtuse or apiculate. Don Prodr. 195 ; Royle (il. 53; H.f. & T. #1. Ind. 35. R. indicus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 657; Wall, Cat. 4699. River banks in Bencat and Nortuern Inpta; marshes of Peshawer; warm valleys of the Himauaya (unknown south of the Nerbudda).—Disrriw. Throughout the North temperate zone. ‘ Stem 1-3 ft., often stout, fleshy and branched, rarely puberulous above. Leaves with cuneate cut segments, cauline sessile. flowers }-4 in. diam. Sepals reflexed, nearly equalling the oblong petals. Receptacle oblong, hairy. *** Leaves deeply divided. Achenes flattened, with an intramarginal rib. (See 20, muricatus.) 15. R. diffusus, DC.; diffuse or prostrate, hairy, leaves 3-partite. achenes in globose heads dotted, receptacle of fruit small. Don Prodr. 195; H.f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 36. RB. napaulensis, DC. Prodr. i. 39. R. trilobatus, Don Prodr. 194. R.geranioides, Blume Bijdr. 2. BR. hydrocotyloides, Wadl. Cat. 4703. R. mollis, Wall, Cat. 4704; Don in Royle IU. 53. RK. obtectus, Wall. Cat. 4705. R. vitifolius, Royle Jil. 53. R. subpinnatus, W. & A. Prodr.4; Wight Ic. t. 49; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 36. Temperate Himaaya, from the Chenab to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000ft. Higher moun- tains of the Western Peninsuta.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java. Perennial, covered with spreading hairs; nodes at times rooting. Leaves softly hairy, segments cuneate, of lower leaves often stalked. Peduncles 1-flowered, terminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 4-1in. diam. Sepals hairy. -Achenes ovate, compressed, with an intramarginal rib at a variable distance from the acute margin; style short, straight or hooked.—Peninsula specimens have usually larger flowers and more divided leaves.—Near R.repens, L. 16. R. letus, Wall. Cat. 4702; erect, appressedly hairy, leaves 3-partite, achenes in a globose head not dotted, receptacle of fruit oblong glabrous. H.f..@ T. Fl. Ind. 36 (excl. syn. R. riparius, Hdgew.) ; Royle Ll. 53. RB. distans, Royle Ill. 53, R. brevirostris, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 28., Temperate Hiavaya and Western Tiner. Common on the inner ranges only of Sixxin.—Disrris. Affghanistan. ; Rootstock woody. Stem 1-2 ft., usually much branched, many-flowered; hairs white. Radical leaves 2-4 in. diam.; segments cuneate-obovate, deeply cut; cauline sessile. Flowers 1 in. diam.. Sepals villous. Achenes many, oval, margined, rather large; style short, straight, broad at the base.—Closely allied to and perhaps a var. of R. acris, L. 17, R. pensylvanicus, Linn. ; erect, hirsute, leaves ternatisect, achenes in ailons oi globose heads, not dotted, receptacle pilose. R. fibrosus, Wail. Cat. 4706; Hook. f. & 1. Fl. Ind. 37. RB. chinensis, Bunge ; H. f. & Tf. Fi. Ind. 38. 8. riparius, Ldgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 28, Ranunculi, sp. Griff. Ic. Pl. iv. t. 661. a 20 I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ranunculus. Swamps and rice fields in Nipat, Wallich ; banks of the Surtes at Ludiana, and Ganas at Bhojpur, Edgeworth, Assam, and Kuasta HILLS, up to 6000 ft., A. f.d T.— Disters. N. China, Amur-land, N. America. : . Stem 2-8 ft., prostrate and rooting at the base only, branched. Radical leaves long- petioled, leaflets long-stalked, 3-partite and deeply cut into linear segments ; cauline shorter petioled, upper subsessile. Flowers about 1 in. diam. Sepals reflexed. Achenes. many, large, with an intramarginal rib and short straight beak.— Very variable in the shape of the head of achenes, and in the prominence and position of their intramarginal rib; but a large suite of specimens convinces us of the specific identity of all the forms, Sgcr. IV. Echinella, DC. Annual, rarely perennial. Flowers small, yellow. Achenes echinate or tubercled (rarely smooth in 20, muricatus). 18. R. flaccidus, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 38; perennial, tufted, prostrate, leaves reniform or orbicular crenate glabrous, achenes beaked, rough with small tubercles. Temperate Himavaya, in the upper forest region, from Kumaon to Bhotan, alt. 9-10,000 ft. ; Patches large, dense, green, appressed to the gronnd ; stems filiform ; nodes often rooting. Leaves 4 in. diam. or less, 3-5-crenate. lowers minute, 2 in. diam., solitary, leaf-opposed. Sepals reflexed, nearly equalling the petals. Achenes 6-12, pubescent, oval, not much compressed, beak short reflexed. : 19. R. Wallichianus, W. & A. Prodr.i. 4 ; perennial, prostrate, hairy, leaves ternatipartite, achenes compressed orbicular_tubercled.—Waght Ic. t. 937; H.f.& 7. Fl Ind. 38. RB. pinnatus, Wight IU. i. 6, not of Poiret. Temperate zone of the mountains of Ceyton and Ninenrt. Stems spreading and rooting at the nodes from the perennial rootstock, hirsute, rarely glabrate. Radical leaves 1-14 in. diam.; segments stalked, obovate-cuneate, sharply cut and toothed; cauline 3-partite. Peduncles 1-flowered, leaf-opposed and terminal. Fiowers § in. diam. Sepals reflexed, much shorter than the petals. Achenes flattened, margined, both dotted and tubercled. 20, R. muricatus, Linn. ; annual, erect or diffuse, glabrous, rarely hairy, leaves 3-fid, achenes oval flattened tubercled or spinous, rarely smooth. Hl. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 39. BR. Cabulicus, Boiss. Diagn, ser. 2, 9. Swampy places, at low elevations, in the Punsan-Himanaya, and in the plains at PesHawvr and AmpaLtan.—Distris. Europe, W. Asia, temperate N. America. Stems 4-12 in. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., lobes irregularly cut, base rounded or cordate, of the upper cuneate. lowers 3-4 in. diam., solitary and leaf-opposed, or terminal and panicled. Sepals reflexed, rather shorter than the petals. Achenes in a large globose head, 4 in. long, tubercles scattered over the flattened sides, or confined to near the intramarginal rib; beak straight, compressed, ribbed, tip houked. 21. BR. arvensis, Linn. ; annual, erect, much branched, glabrous, or silky above, radical leaves cuneate or obovate 3~5-toothed, cauline 3-partite, achenes few large obliquely obovate not margined, densely spinous. Wall. Cat, 4700; Royle Il. 53; H. f. & 1. Fl. Ind. 39. RB. tuberculatus, DC. Prodr. i. 41. ; Wesrern Himarara, from Kashmir to Kumaon.—Drsreiw. Europe, Asia Minor, Affghanistan, Western Siberia. Stem solitary, 6-24 in. Leaves variable, lowest 1-2 in., soon withering, segments of cauline cut into linear lobes. Flowers § in. diam. Sepals appressed to and half the length of the petals. Achenes 5-10, usually clothed with hooked spines; style straight or hooked. Ranunculus.|) 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 21 DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. j R. vestitus, Wall. Cat. 4707. The specimens consist of a few long-petioled radical leaves. R. bulbosus, L. (1. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 37). Probably intercalated by mistake amongst Royle’s Indian Plante. It has been found by no one else. . 8. OS YGRAPHIS, Bunge. Dwarf perennial glabrous stemless plants, with 1-flowered scapes. Leaves entire. lowers regular, yellow. Sepals 5, persistent, enlarged after flower- ing. Petals 10-15, with a nectariferous pit on the claw. Stamens many. Achenes many, membranous, in a globose head, beaked by the straight subu- late persistent style. Seed erect—A genus of two species, differing from Ranunculus in the persistent sepals. 1. O. gtacialis, Bunge En. Pi, Alt. 35; leaves elliptic-oblong, scape solitary, H. f & 7. Fl. Ind. 27. Ficaria glacialis, Fisch. Aurins Himautaya; Kumaon, Strachey & Winterb.; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Hook. f.—Disrriz. Siberia, Dahuria. ; foot fibrous. Leaves 4-14 in., somewhat fleshy, obtuse, entire or crenate; petiole as long, sheathing at the base. Scape erect, 1-4 in., thickened upwards. Flowers : i diam. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Petals 12-15, narrow-oblong, twice as long as the sepals, ; 2, O. polypetala, 7. /. & 7. Fl. Ind. 27 ; leaves orbicular crenate-lobed, scapes usually several. Ranunculus polypetalus, Royle Jl/. 54, t. 11, f. 2. Callianthemum Endlicheri, Walp. Rep, i. 33. Inner Aupine and Tisetan Himaraya, from Kashmjr to Kumaon, alt. 12-15,000 ft. Small, tufted; roots fibrous. Leaves 4-2 in. diam., membranous, base cordate, some- times with 3 crenate lobes. Scapes 2-4in., weak. lowers lin. diam. Petals oblong- spathulate. Achenes as in O. glacialis. 9. CALTHA, Linn. Herbs with stout creeping rootstocks. Leaves chiefly radical, ovate or cordate. lowers few, terminal, regular, white or yellow. Sepals 5 or more, petaloid, deciduous, imbricate. Petals 0, Stamensmany. Carpels several, sessile. Follicles many, many-seeded. Seeds many, 2-seriate, with a promi- nent raphe and thick funicle—Distrip. N. and 8, temp. regions; sp. 5-6. 1. G. palustris, Linn. ; stem branched leafy, leaves reniform or deltoid with spreading lobes, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 40, C. Himalensis, Don Prodr, 195; Royle Ill, 54, C. Govaniana, Wall. Cat. 4710; Moyle Hi. 54. C. pani- culata, Wall. Cat. 4711. Marshes of the Western Temperate Himataya, from Kashmir to Nipal, alt. 8-10,000 ft,—Distris, Temperate Europe, Asia, and N, America. . Hootstock stout, densely fibrous. Stem stout, 6-24 in. Hadical leaves long-petioled, 2-5 in. diam., entire or finely or coarsely toothed; upper sessile. Flowers 1-2 in. diam. Follicles variable in number and length of style.—The leaves are never quite entire in Indian specimens, and are often more closely- and smaller-toothed than in European. Var. 1. normalis; flower yellow. é , Vax. 2. alba; flowers white.—C. alba, Jacq. ex Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. vi. t. 4. 9. GC. seaposa, H. f.& 7. Fl. Ind, 40; leaves all radical oval, scapes many 1-flowered. 22 I. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Caltha. Eastern Atrixe Hisazaya, Sikkim, in marshes, alt. 15—17,000 ft., Hook. f. Roctstock densely fibrous. Leaves all radical, 1-14 in. diam., long-petioled, aa base deeply cordate, entire or finely repand-crenate. Scapes many, 8-6in, Fi 8 lin. diam. Sepals 5-6, oval, somewhat persistent. Follicles many, stalked. 10, CALATHODES, H.f. & T. A perennial, erect, leafy herb. Leaves palmatipartite. Flowers terminal, regular, large. Sepals 5, golden-yellow, deciduous. Petals 0. Carpels many ; ovules 8-10, 2-seriate towards the base of the carpel, F'rwit un- known.—Intermediate between Caltha and Trollius, having the apetalous flowers of the former, and divided leaves of the latter. ‘1. G. palmata, H./. & 7. Fl. Ind. 41. Eastern Temperate Hmatava, Sikkim, alt. 10,000 ft., Hook. f. 23 os Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched, Leaves 2-4 in. diam., radical soon withering; cauline 3-partite, segments cuneate at the base, deeply 3-lobed, lobes acuminate inciso- serrate, petiole with a basal inflated membranous sheath. "lowers nearly 2 in. diam. ll. TROLLIVS, Linn Erect, perennial herbs. Zeaves palmate. Flowersterminal, regular, glo- bose or subglobose. Sepals 5 or more, petaloid, coloured. Petals 5 or more, small, clawed, blade with a basal pit. Stamens very many. Carpels 5 or more, sessile; ovules many, 2-seriate. Seeds angled, testa coriaceous.— Distr, 9 species, N. temperate and arctic. ‘ 1. T. acaulis, Lindi. in Bot. Reg. 1842; Misc. 56, and 1843, t. 82 ; stem leafy above the middle, petals short-clawed. H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 41. T. pumilis, Royle Ill. 54 (not of Don). Western Atpins Himaxaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-13,000 ft. Rootstock stout, fibres thick. Stem simple, 2-6 in. in flower, 12 or more in fruit, base clothed with fibres. Leaves appearing with or after the flowers; radical long- petioled, palmati-5-partite, segments oblong lanceolate, incised; cauline 1-3, similar; base of petiole sheathing. lowers 2 in. diam., solitary. Sepals 6-8, broad-oval, spreading, obtuse or entire. Petals 12-16, shorter than the stamens; blade oblong. Carpels many, ripe 1 in., membranous, wrinkled, style persistent. Very near 7. lawus, - Salisb. (americanus, DC.), and patulus, Salisb. 2. H. pumilus, Don Prodr. 195; cauline leaves few, all below the middle of the stem, petals long-clawed.—4. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 41. Avrive Himataya, in the interior ranges; Kumaon, alt. 14,000 ft.; Nipal; Sikkim, alt. 15-17,000 ft. Rootstock horizontal. Stems 6-12 in., naked above, base clothed with old leaves. Leaves 1-2 in, diam., radical long-petioled, orbicular, coriaceous, 5-partite; segments broad-obovate 3-lobed, toothed, base cuneate. Flowers 1in. diam., solitary. Sepals 5-6, rounded, tip obtuse, notched, subpersistent. Petals 10-12, equalling the filaments, blade cuneate-oblong, obtuse, tip thickened, Follicles many, membranous, beaked by the short style. . 12. COPTIS, Salisb. Small stemless herbs ; rootstock perennial. Leaves ternatisect. Flowers regular, small, white, on slender leafless scapes. Sepals 5-6. Petals 5-6, clawed, hooded or linear. Carpels few or many, pedicelled, spreading ; Coptis.] I. RANUNCULACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 23 ovules many. ollicles many-seeded. Seeds with a black crustaceous testa. —Distris.. North temperate zone; species 6.—Genus too nearly allied to Tsopyrum. 1. G. Teeta, Wall. in Trans. Med. & Phys. Soc. Calc. viii. 347; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 42; Grif. Journ. 37 ; Notul. iv. 733, Ic. iv. t. 660, £. 2. Misumi Mrs., east of Assam, in the temperate region. Rootstock horizontal, golden yellow, woody, densely fibrous, very bitter. Leaves glabrous ; petioles 6-12 in.; leaflets 2-3 in., ovate-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobes incised, terminal largest. Scape slender, equalling the leaves. Flowers 1-3, pedicelled, bracts leafy. Sepals 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, acute. Petals narrow, ligulate, obtuse; % shorter than the sepals.—Characters taken chiefly from Wallich’s description ; Griffiths’ ea are in leaf only. The very bitter rootstock is much used as a drug in engal. 13. ISOPYRUM, Linn. Small stemless herbs ; annual, or rootstock perennial. Leaves decompound. Flowers regular, white, few or solitary, on leafless or leafy slender scapes. Sepals 5-6, petaloid, deciduous. Petals 5, variable, very small or 0. Stamens 10 or more. Carpels 2-20, sessile ; ovules 3 ormore. follicles few or many- seeded. Seeds-with a smooth or granulated testa, crustaceous.—DistTRiB. North temperate regions ; species 7. ' 1. I. adiantifolium, 7. f. é T. Fl, Ind. 42; cauline leaves opposite or whorled compound, petals long-clawed, carpels 3. TempPERATE Eastern Himanaya, outer moist valleys of Sikkim, alt. 7500 {t., Fook. f., &e. oe Rootstock slender, horizontal, scaly. Radical leaves long-petioled, stipellate at.the top of the petiole; terminal segment simple, lateral compound ; leaflets 5-7-petiolulate, 4-4 in., cuneate at the base, obtuse, crenate. Flowers 4 in. diam. 2, I. thalictroides, Zinn. ; cauline leaves alternate 3-lobed or 3-folio- late, petals hooded shortly clawed, carpels 2-4. DC. ‘Prodr.i. 48; H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 48. I. anemonoides, Kar, & Kir. En. Pl. Soong. No, 55, Temperate Western Himanayra, north of Kashmir, Winterbottem; Labul.— Disrris. Affghanistan, Siberia, E. Europe. Rootstock horizontal, fibrous or scaly. Stem 4-8 in., slender. Radical leaves 2-3- ternate ; leaflets 2-3-lobed, cuneate at the base, membranous. lowers 4 in. diam., in few-flowered terminal panicles. Sepals oval, obtuse. Petals with a filiform claw. Follicles 2-4, oval, beaked by the styie—The petals are very variable in European specimens. 3. I. grandiflorum, Fisch, in DC. Prodr. i. 48; leaves all radical 2-4 times ternatisect, carpels 3-7. Wall. Cat. 9123; Royle Ili. 54, t. 11, f. 3; H.f.& V. Fl. Ind. 43. 1. microphyllum, Royle fil, 1c. £. 4. Western Axpine Himataya, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 18-17,000 ft—Dusrris. Siberia. Stems densely tufted; rootstock stout, clothed with rigid bristles. Zeaves long- etioled; petiole auricled at the sheathing base; leaflets small, cuneate-obovate, 2-3- Iobed. Scapes 3-4 in., equalling the leaves, with 2 small subopposite bracts. Flower solitary, 1-14 in. diam, 14, AQUILEGIA, Linn. Erect, perennial-rooted herbs, Leaves ternately compound. lowers re- gular, handsome, drooping, white purple or yellow. Sepals 5, regular, 24 I. RANUNCULACES. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [Aquilegia, coloured, deciduous. Petals 5, funnel-shaped, produced into a spur at the base. Stamens many, inner reduced to scales, Carpels 5 or more, sessile ; ovules many. Follicles many-seeded. Seeds with a crustaceous testa,— Disrrie. North temperate zone ; species 5 or 6, with many subspecies and varieties, 1, A. vulgaris, L.; glabrous or pubescent, stem usually branched, leaves biternately compound, lobes incised sessile or petiolulate, sepals larger than the ¢arpels and stamens, spur of petals gradually narrowed to the point, Wesrern? Temperate and Sunatrins Himataya.—Disreis. Temp. Europe and Asia Sussp. 1. vuneanis proper; glabrous or slightly pubescent, sepals ovate obtuse, spur hooked as long as the blade of the petal.—A. vulgaris, DC. &c.—Tibetan region. Supsp. 2. viscosa; habit, &c. of vulgaris proper, but smaller, odorous, and covered with glandular hairs.—A. viscosa, Gowan, &c.—Western Tibet, abundant. Susse. 3. pusirtora; softly pubescent, sepals ovate-lanceolate tapering to a fine point, spur short much curved.—A. pubiflora, Wall. Cat. n. 4714; Royle IU. t. 55.— Temperate outer Himalaya. Suzsp. 4. aupiva; pubescent or glandular, leaflets generally much cut, flowers very large, sepals obtuse or subacute, spur nearly straight.—A. alpina, L., &c.; Deless, Jc. i. t. 48. A. glandulosa, Misch. in DC. Prodr. i. 50.—Alpine region of the West Himalaya. Sussp. 5. pyrewaica; softly pubescent or glandular often glaucous, flowers often white and sweet-scented, sepals ovate acute, spur very long slender straight or hooked. A. pyrenaica, DC. Prodr. i. 50, A. Kanawarensis, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t.5; Bot. Mag. t. 4493. A. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat, n. 4713; Royle JU. 55. A. Olympica, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i.71. A. glauca, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xxvi. t. 46. A. fragrans, Benth. in Maund’s Botanist, iv. t. 151.—Alpine and temperate western Himalaya and Tibet, alt. 10-14,000 ft. Suzsp. 6. yucunpa; stem simple, 4-8 in. leafless or with one small leaf, flower very large dark purple, sepals very broadly ovate, spur short much incurved.—A. jucunda, Fisch. & Mey.; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 736.—Kashmir. 15. DELPHINIUM, Linn. Annual or perennial erect herbs. Leaves palmately lobed. Flowers racemed or panicled, irregular, white blue or purplish. Sepals 5, free or cohering at the base, dorsal spurred behind. Petals 2-4, small; spurs of the 2 dorsal developed within that of the sepal; 2 lateral spurless or 0. Stumens many. ollicles 1-7. Seeds many, testa wrinkled or plaited.— Disrris, N. temperate zone; species about 40, very variable, * Spur cylindric or inflated (not subulate or conical), __ 1, D. uncinatum, 7. 7. & T. ; leaves 5-partite, segments inciso-pin- natifid, flowers 4 in. long, spur inflated hooked obtuse. D. penicillatum, Hf. & T. Fl. Ind, 48, not of Boissier. D. vestitum, Boiss, F7. Ur. i. 92, not of Wall. & Royle. Salt range of the Punsas, Vicary, and We i; on dey hal : Wie pan bk Y; st Himataya, from Banahal to Marri; Stem 1-2 ft., simple or sparingly branched, pubescent or glabrous, few-leaved. Radical leaves 2 in. Flowers in long Ting fewer densely Fe head or glabrous racemes, Spur equalling or shorter than the flower, more or less incurved Anterior petals deeply 2-fid, densely hairy. Follicles 3, straight. : A West Asiatic form, which we formerly identified with D. penicillatum of Boissier, who, however, with far better materials before him, considers it distinct. The glabrous form was found at the Margala pass, near Rawal Pindi, by Major Vicary. Delphinium.| 1, RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 25 2D. incanum, Royle Ill. 55; leaves 3-partite, segments, multifid, flowers 1} in. long, spur almost straight cylindric. A. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 50. j eres Temperate Hiataya, from Gores and Kashmir to Kunawer, alt. Stems 14-8 ft.; simple below, leafy, hoary all over. Radical leaves soon withering, 2 in. diam., segments subpinnatifid, lobes linear or incised ; cauline subsessile. Racemes simple or compound, terminal, long and dense flowered ; pedicels 1 in.; bracteoles 2, linear. Flowers large, bright blue. Sepals pubescent outside, shorter than the spur. Anterior petals 2-fid, hairy. Follicles 3, puberulous. ** Spur subulate, + Radical leaves divided to, or almost to the base (see 8, elatum). 3. D. saniculefolium, Boiss. 77. Orient. i. 91; stem 1-2 ft., racemes jong anata! flowers about 3 in. long pale blue. Hf. & 7. Fl. nd, 49. Western Ponsa, on dry hills from the Indus to the Jelam, Fleming.—Disrnis. Affchanistan. . Branches rigid, spreading, hoary with appressed pubescence or glabrate. Leaves 14-3 in. diam., firm, lateral segments deeply 2-lobed, lobes all cuneate and cut. Perli- cels straight, spur rather larger than the pale blue flowers. Anterior petals 3-fid, white, back hairy. ollicles 3, glabrous or pubescent. 4, D. denudatum, Wall. Cat. No. 4719; stem 2-3 ft., racemes many- flowered, flowers nearly lin.long. H.f. & JT. Fl. Ind, 49. D. pauciflorum, Royle Ill, 55 (not of Don). West Temperate Himarara, from Kashmir to Kumaon in grassy places. Stem branched, glabrous or downy above. Radical leaves 2-6 in. diam., orbicular, 5-9-partite; segments cuneate-obovate, 2-pinnatifid, lobes oblong or linear-oblong; cauline few, uppermost 3-partite, segments linear entire. lowers pale blue, in lax much-branched racemes; bracts linear; pedicels 2-bracteolate. Sepals pubescent out- side, yellow with blue margins. Anterior petals deeply 2-fid, hairy on both surfaces. Follicles 3, inflated, glabrous or sparsely hairy. 5. D. ceeruleum, Jacg. ex Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. 7, t. 6; stem 3-12 in. much branched, racemes few-flowered, flowers 1 in. or more long. WH. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 57. Avpine Himaxaya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, attaining alt. 17,000 ft. in the latter country. Stem branched from the base, leafy, spreading. Leaves suborbicular, 1}-14 in. diam., 5-7-lobed, lobes cuneate-oblong, incised or pinnatifid, segments linear. Flowers soli- tary, in long branches, or few in a loose raceme, pale blue, hairy. Sepals shorter than the nearly straight spur. Anterior petals obovate or obcordate, alittle hairy. ollicler 5, hairy. +t Radical leaves orbicular or reniform, palmate to the middle (or base in 8, D. elatum). 6. D. dasycaulon, Lresen. Mus. Senk. ii. 272 ; stem softly tomentose, flowers bright-blue, spur shorter than the sepa H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 50; Dalz. & Gibs. Bombay Fl. 2 Oliver Fl. Trop, Afr. i. 11. Mountains of the Dexxan near Junir, Stocks, &c.—Distais. Abyssinia. Stem 14-8 ft., branched, few-leaved. Radical leaves 3-6 in. diam., 5-fid to the middle, pale and veined beneath, lobes braadly trapezoid, 3-fid, segments incised ; cauline S-partite, segments narrower, inciso-pinnatifid. Racemes lax, compound; lower bracts 2 in., leafy, oblong or lanceolate, upper linear; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteolate. lowers bright-blue, inodorous. Sepals {-1 in., with a bearded dorsal pale spot. Spur conic, 26 I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Delphinium. slightly curved, nearly 4 as long as tke sepal. Anterior petals 2-fid. follicles 3 in., tomentose, 7, D. altissimum, Wall. Plant. As. Rar. ii, t. 128 ; Cat. 4718; stem Sparsely hairy glabrous below, racemes lax few-flowered, flowers coke or purple, spur longer than the sepals. Grif. It. Notes 54 (No. ); H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 51. ee Centr. ; Nipal, Wallich. Kuasta HILLs, above ) ft, Grifith, &e. Stem 24 oe Serrciek S| few-leaved, hairs spreading. Radical leaves 3-6 in. diam., pale beneath, 5-7-fid, lobes broadly cuneate, 3-lobed, coarsely toothed ; cauline sessile, 3-lobed or entire; petiole 1 ft. and under. Racemes long, lax, few-flowered ; pedicels often 2 in. ; bracts and bracteoles linear. Flowers large, very fetid, hairy out- side. Spur subulate, incurved. Anterior petals 2-lobed, hairy ; posterior, dark-purple, 2-toothed. Follicles 3, pubescent. 8. D. elatum, J. ; stem glabrous or hairy, racemes dense-flowered, flowers pale blue or purplish, spur equalling the sepals. D. ranunculi- folium, Wall, Cat.4716; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 51. D,incisum, Wall. Cat. 4717, D. pyramidale, Royle Tl. 56. D. Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch Bot. Reise Pr. Wald. t. 39, West Temperate Hiwazaya, in the inner and Tibetan valleys, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; from Kumaon to Kashmir. £ ; : Stem 2-4 ft., sparingly branched. eaves 4—6 in. diam., roundéd or reniform, pale beneath, 5-7-lohed or -partite, segments cuneate-oblong, 3-lobed or variously cut. Racemes much branched, elongate; pedicels 1-3 in. ; lower bracts leafy, 3-lobed or -par- tite; bracteoles linear. Flowers hairy outside. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Spur subu- late, Follicles 3. Var. 1. ranunculifolium; leaves 5-lobed to about the middle, segments broadly cuneate. Var. 2. inciswm; leaves 5-partite, segments narrow incised. *** Spur inflated, conical. Flowers large; sepals connivent, mem- branous. 9. D. vestitum, Wall. Cat. 4715; stem hispid, leaves palmately 5-7- lobed, flowers in long dense racemes, Royle Ill, 65 ; H. f& T. Fil. Ind. 52 D. rectivenium, Royle Ill, 56. Wesr and Cenrran Temperate Hrmazaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Nipal ' to Kunawer. Stem 14-3 ft., simple below, hairs spreading or reflexed. Radical leaves 6-12 in. diam., lobes rounded, cut or toothed ; petiole 6-12 in. ; cauline 2-3, smaller. aceme often 1 ft., simple or sparingly branched beiow ; pedicels 1-3 in. ; bracts linear or lan- ceolate, lower sometimes 3-lobed; bracteoles 2 above the middle. Flowers dense, large, hairy. Sepals membranous, broad, rounded, equalling or exceeding the conical incurved spur. follicles 3. 10. D. Cashmirianum, Aoyle Jil. 55, t. 12; stem glabrous strigose or softly hairy, leaves palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes sharply cut, flowers in lax corymbs. H. f. & T. Ft. Ind, 52 (excl. syn. D. Jacquemontianum, Camb.). West Tiser and Tineran Hrmatava, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 11-16,000 ft. Stem 1-14 ft., few-leaved, glabrous or softly or hispidly hairy. Radical leaves 2-4 in. diam., lobes cuneate-ovate, acute, 3-lobed and cut; cauline 3-5-partite. Branches of corymb terminating in few-flowered racemes, upper bracts lanceolate ; bracteoles linear. Sepals 1 in. or more long, hairy, equalling or exceeding the straight conical spur. ol- licles 3-7, downy.—The strigose states are best distinguished from small plants of D. vestitum, by the inflorescence and size of the flowers. Delphinium.| 1. RANUNCULACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 27 11. D. viscosum, 1. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 52; stem covered with soft brown tomentum, leaves reniform palmately 5-7-lobed, lobes obtusely crenate, flowers corymbose, Atrive Easr Himataya ; Sikkim, alt. 12-16,000 ft., Hook. f. Stem 1-2 ft., branched from the base. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., at length glabrate, lobed to near the middle. Flowers solitary or few at the ends of the branches of the corymb; bracts 3-partite; bracteoles linear-oblong. Sepals 2 in., broadly oval, pale blue, purple, tomentose, membranous, equalling the conical incurved spur. Foilicies 3, glabrous, ciliate on the suture. 12, D. glaciale, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 53; stem softly hairy, leaves 3-partite, lobes deeply multifid, flowers in lax corymbs. Aupine Easr Himaraya; Sikkim, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Hook. f. Stem 3-6 in., simple, leafy. Leaves 2-3. in. diam., segments broadly cuneate. Corymbs few-flowered ; bracts leafy; bracteoles many on the long pedicels, linear, or cut into linear lobes. lowers large, hairy. Sepals exceeding 1 in., orbicular, mem- branous, longer than the short straight conical spur. Follicles 4-5, 4 in. long.— Whole plant of a rank musk odour. 13. D. Brunonianum, foyle Jil. 56; stem glabrous or downy below glandular-pubescent above, leaves 5-fid to the middle, lobes sharply cut or toothed, flowers corymbose. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 53; Hook. Bot. Mag.t 5461. D. Jacquemontianum, Camb. im Jacq. Voy. Bot. 8, t.7. D. moschatum, Munro in H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 53. Axpine West Tizet, alt. 14,000 ft. Stem 6-12 in., simple below, leafy. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., lobes cuneate-ovate ; etioles very long. Flowers large, pale-blue, hairy; corymbs sometimes compound; racts 3-5-partite, upper simple, oblong or linear. Sepals 1 in., membranous, orbicular, veined; longer than the conic spur. follicles 5-6, Zin., viscidly pubescent: whole plant musky.—D. moschatum was distinguished by the colour and texture of the pos- terior petal, which proves to be very variable. a D. scasrirtorum, Don in Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 412 (D. Carela, Don Prodr. 195), appears to differ from D. altissimum and _vestitum chiefly in the glabrous follicles; 1t is described from Nipal specimens of Wallich, but none thus named exist in the Walli- chian Herbarium. Fragments of a Delphinium closely allied to D. incanum were brought by Dr. Hooker from Tibet, north of Sikkim ; it differs from D. ineanum in the slightly notched petals, and may be new. : —_ D. pauciflorum, Don Prodr. 106, is doubtless the cultivated D. ajacis or common Larkspur. 16. ACONITUM, Linn. Perennial, erect, rarely twining herbs: Zeaves palmatipartite, rarely entire. Flowers irrégular, racemed, blue purple white or yellow. Sepais 5, petaloid, posterior (helmet) vaulted, the rest flat, 2 anterior narrower than the lateral. Petals 2-5 ; 2 posterior clawed, limb hooded and enclosed in the helmet, 3 lower small or obsolete. Stamens many. Follicles 3-5 sessile. Seeds many ; testa spongy, rugose or wrinkled.—Distris. North temp. zone, species about 183. ; The roots of all the species, except A. Lycoctonum, A. heterophyllum, and certain forms of 4 Napellus, are poisonous, and called Bikh or Bish by the Hill people. We have omitted the characters taken from the petals (which are over much relied on by systematists) because they are so variable and so difficult of exact discrimination in dried specimens. ' ' ; The genus Nirsisia of Don (Gen. Syst. Gard, i. 63) was founded on an indeterminable species of this genus. i 28 I. RANUNCULACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Aconitum, 1. A. uncinatum, Linn. ; stem twining, leaves palmately 3-5-fid, flowers panicled, helmet with a short blunt dorsal cone, testa plaited. DC. Prodr, i. 60. A. variegatum, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 56 (not of L.). Bast Temperate Himaraya; Sikkim, Lachoong valley, alt. 9000 ft., Hook. f. Stem several feet long, very slender, weak, sparingly branched, glabrous or puberulous, Leaves 3-4 in. broad, lobes cuneate-ovate sharply cut and toothed; bracts similar. Flowers 3-1 in. long, in open large panicles, yellowish or bluish green. Helmet much arched, bluntly beaked in front. Spur reflexed. ollicles 5, glabrous.—Specimens too scanty for correct identification. 2, A; Lycoctonum, Linn. ; stem erect much branched, leaves pal- mately deeply 5-9-lobed, racemes branched, helmet with a short beak and long cylindric or conical dorsal prominence, testa plaited. DC. Prodr. i. 57 ; Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 72. A. leve, Royle Il. 56. West Temrrrate Hiataya; Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 7-10,000 ft.—Dusrrm, Europe, N. Asia, . . Stems 3-6 ft., glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 6-10 in. diam., lobes cnneate-ovate, sharply cut, lower long petioled, upper sessile. Racemes long, tomentose ; bracts minute. Flowers pale qellow or dull purple, variable in size. Follicles 3, spreading. 3. A. luridum, 7. f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 55; stem erect simple, leaves palmately 5-fid below the middle, raceme simple, helwet with a long straight beak and broad dome-like dorsal prominence, testa smooth. ArrinE East Himaraya; Sikkim, alt. 14,000 ft., Hook. f. Stem 2-3 ft., slightly pubescent, few-leaved. Radical leaves 2-3 in. diam., segments cuneate-ovate, 3-fid and coarsely crenate, petiole long; cauline 2-5-partite. Raceme 4-1 ft., pedicels short; lower bracts leafy, sessile, 3-5-partite, upper entire. EF lowerg dull red. Sepals brown-tomentose. Follicles 3-5, erect. 4, A. palmatum, Don Prodr. 196; stem erect simple below, leaves renifurm deeply 5-lobed, panicle few-flowered, helmet much vaulted shortly beaked, testa plaited. Wall, Cat. 4723; Royle 1.57; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 56; A. lethale, Griffith Notul. iv. 732. Psa Himataya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 8-10,000 ft.; Murssm, iffith. tem 2-5 ft., leafy, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 in. diam., sinus shallow ; segments cuneate- ovate, deeply sharply cut; petioles long. lowers large, greenish-blue, pedicels long. Helmet rather higher than broad. follicles 5, 1-14 in. long, glabrous. 5. A. ferox, Wall. in Seringe Mus, Helvet.i. 160, & in DC. Prodr. i. 64 (not of Plant. As. Rar.) ; stem erect simple below, leaves rounded or oval palmately 5-fid, raceme terminal dense-flowered, helmet vaulted with a short sharp beak, testa plaited. Wall. Cat. 4721, B,C, D; H. f.d& 7. Fi. Ind. 56. A, virosum, Don Prodr, 196, TemPERATE SuBaLPinE Himauaya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, alt. 10-14,000 ft. Stem 3-6 ft., puberulous, leaty, Leaves 3-6 in.; lobes cuneate-ovate, incised. Raceme 6-12 in., simple or sparingly branched below, tomentose; pedicels 1-2 in., thickened at the top; bracts pinnatifid; bracteoles linear. lowers large, pale dirty blue. Helmet about twice as long as high. follicles 5, erect, usually densely villous, glabrous in some Garwhal specimens. 6. A. Napelius, Linn, ; stem erect simple, leaves palmatipartite, seg- ments linear multifid, raceme simple few- or many-flowered, helmet shallow, ia to a slender beak, testa smooth, DC. Prodr.i. 62; Hf. & 7. Fl. nd, 57, -Aconitum.] 1. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 29 Temperate Axpine Himatara, from 10,000 ft. to the highest limit of vegetation in the N.W. provinces.—Distris. Temp. and arctic Europe, Asia, and America, Stem 6 in.-3 ft., often decumbent in small states, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves very variable in size, ultimate divisions linear. Hacemes simple or sparingly compound ; bracts entire or 3-fil. lowers 2-1 in. long, bright or dull greenish-blue. Helmet three times as long as high. ollicles 3-5, in the Indian forms hairy.—An extremely variable plant, of which we have vainly attempted to refer the Indian forms to those indicated by Regel The small alpine forms closely resemble the arctic Ame- rican forms of A. delphinifolium. ‘The roots of vars. 1 and 2 are poisonous, but those of 3 and 4 are eaten by the Bhoteas. Var. 1. Napewtus proper; stem 2~3 ft. leafy, raceme dense flowered. Var. 2. RigIpUM; stem 2-3 ft. few-leaved, leaves firm subcoriaceous with spreading falcate sharp teeth, racemes lax few-flowered, tomentose. A. dissectum, Don Prodr. 197; Wall. Cat. 4724; Royle Ill. 54. A. ferox, Wall. Cat. 4721 A; Plant. As. Rar. t. 41. Var. 3. MULTIFIDUM; stem 6-12 in. erect or decumbent few-leaved, leaves 1-2 in. diam. many-lobed to the base, lobes cut into linear segments; racemes lax few- or many-flowered. A. multifidum, Royle il. 56. A. oliganthemum, Kern. Nov. Pl. Sp. Dee. ii. 23. Van. 4. RoTUNDIFoLIUM; like var. 3, but leaves not divided to the base. A. rotun- difolium, Kar. & Kir.; Led. Fl. Ross. n. 1740. A. Tianschanicum, Osk. & Rupr. Sert. Tian. in Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. 1869. 7. A. heterophyllum, Wall. Cat. 4722; stem erect leafy, leaves broad ovate or orbicular-cordate more or less 5-lobed and -toothed, upper entire amplexicaul, raceme many-flowered, helmet shortly beaked, testa smooth. Royle LU. 56, t.13; H.f. & Lf. Fl. Ind. 58. A. cordatum, Hoyle Jil, 56. A. Atees, Royle in Journ. As. Soc Bengal, i. 459. West Temperate Himanaya, from Kumaon to Hasora, alt. 8-18,000 ft. Stem 1-3 ft., simple or branched from the base, glabrous below, puberulous above. Leaves 2-4 in., acute or obtuse; cauline sharply toothed, the lowest long petioled and not amplexicaul. Racemes often panicled ; bracts sharply toothed, upper 3-fid or entire. Flowers more than 1in. long, bright blue, greenish blue with purple veins. Helmet half as high as long. ollicles 5, downy.—Root much valued in India, according to Royle, as a febrifuge and tonic. 17. ACTZEA, Linn. An erect perennial herb. Leaves alternate, ternately compound. Flowers small, in short crowded racemes. ‘Sepals 3-5, rather unequal, petaloid. Petals 4-10, small, spathulate, or 0. Stamens many, filaments slender. Carpel 1, many-ovuled ; stigma sessile, dilated. Berry many-seeded. Seeds depressed ; testa coriaceous, smooth. 1. A. spicata, Linn. ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate entire or 2-lobed acutely serrate. DO. Prodr.i. 65; H.f.& 7. Fl Ind. 69. A. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 4726; Royle Ill. 57. Temprrate Hisavaya, from Bhotan, Griffith, to Hazara.—Disteiz. Europe, N. Asia, N. America. (Bane-berry.) ; Stem 2-8 ft., erect, from a woody horizontal rootstock, covered at the base with leafless sheaths. Leaves 1ft.; leaflets 4-2 in, acemes 1~8 in.; pedicels filiform. Flowers } in. diam., white. Berry elliptic or subglobose ; black in the European and Himalayan form, white and red in the American. 18. CIMIICIFUGA, Linn. Erect perennial herbs. Leaves 2-5-ternately divided. Flowers in long slender racemes, regular. Sepals 4-5, deciduous, petaloid. Petals (or trans- 30 “I. RANUNCULACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cimicifuga, formed stamens) 1-8, small, clawed, 2-horned at the tip. Stamens many, filaments slender. Carpels 1-8, many-ovuled. Fruit of many-seeded ful. licles,. Seeds compressed, testa smooth or scaly.—DisTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, N. America; species about 8. 1. CG. foetida, Linn.; leaflets ovate or lanceolate serrate glabrous or downy, racemes panicled. H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 59, C. frigida, Royle Lil. 57, Actea cimicifuga, Z.; DO. Prodr. i. 64. A. frigida, Wall. Cat. 4725. Temperate Himauaya, from Bhotan, Griffith, to Gores and Kashmir; alt. 7-12,000 ft.—Disrris. E. Europe, Siberia. Stem 3-6 ft., leafy, branched, glabrous below, tomentose above. Leaflets 2-3 in, ale beneath, terminal often 3-lobed. Racemes rarely simple. Flowers small, yellowish. Pads more or less 2-fid. Follicles 4-8, 4 in. long. * 19. PHEONTA, Linn. Erect, stout, leafy, perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, compound. Flowers large, solitary or panicled, white or red. Sepals 5, herbaceous, persistent. Petals 5-10, larger than the sepals. Stamens many, Carpels 1-5, girt below by a fleshy disk, many-seeded. /’ruit of 1 or more coriaceous few-seeded follicles. Seeds large, subglobose, testa thick; albu- men fleshy.—Distrin. N. temp. zone; species 3-4. 1. P. emodi, Wall. Cat. 4727 ; flowers usually in the axils of the upper leaves long peduncled, follicles 1 rarely 2. Royle il. 57 ; Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5719. P. officinalis, Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind. 60 (not of L.). Weer Temperate Himaraya ; alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Hazara. Erect, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 6-12 in., once or twice ternatisect; leaflets decur- rent, entire or incised, ultimate segments oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, glabrous, glaucous beneath. lowers 3-8; buds globose ; bracts 2-3, leafy, appressed to the calyx. Sepals rounded, outer with a leafy point. Follicles ovoid, obtuse, stri- gose or glabrous.—Jhe specimens from the outer Himalaya are usually 1-carpellary, from the inner 2-carpellary. Var. 1. Emopt proper; follicles strigose with yellow-brown hairs. Var. 2. Grasrata; follicles glabrous-—Very near the Siberian P. albiflora, but monocarpellary. Orver Il. DILLENIACEAS. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Trees shrubs or herbs, sometimes climbing. Leaves alternate, simple, entire or toothed (pinnatipartite in Acrotrema), exstipulate with sheathing petioles, or more rarely with lateral deciduous stipules. lowers yellow or white, often showy. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5 (rarely 3 or 4) deciduous, Stamens many, hypogynous, many-seriate ; anthers innate, with lateral slits or terminal pores. Carpels1 or more, free or cohering in the axis; styles always distinct; ovules amphitropous, solitary or few and ascending, or many and attached to the ventral suture. Fruit of follicles, or indehiscent and subbaccate. Seeds solitary or many, arillate, testa crus- taceous, raphe short, albumen fleshy ; embryo minute, next the hilum.— Distris. Chiefly tropical; species about 200. ; Trips I. Delimeee. Filaments thickened upwards ; anthers short, cells remote oblique. : II, DILLENIACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) : 3i Carpel solitary 2. 6. 6 1. 1 1 ee ee ew ] 1. Dena, Carpels 2-5 6 1 ww ww we ee ee ee «8 Terrace, Trise II, Dilleniew. Filaments not thickened upwards ; anthers with parallel cells, Carpels 3; stemless herbs, leaves all radical large . . . 38. ACROTREMA. Carpels 3; treesorshrubs . . . 2... . . . « . 4 Scnumacunnia, Carpels 5-20; seeds arillate. . . 2. . . . . . . . 5. Wormta. Carpels 5-20; seeds not arillate . . . . . . . . « 6 Duwvenia. 1, DELIMA, Linn. A woody climber. eaves very scabrid, parallel-veined. Flowers many, _ in terminal panicles, hermaphrodite, white. Sepals 5. Petals 2-5. Stamens many ; filaments dilated upwards; cells much diverging. Ovary solitary, subglobose, narrowed into a subulate style ; ovules 2-3, ascending. ollz- cles ovoid, coriaceous, l-seeded. Seed with a cupular toothed aril. 1, D. sarmentosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr.i. 69; Wall. Cat. 6632 ; Bot. Mag. t. 3058. Tetracera_sarmentosa, Wolld.; Loud, Fl. Ind. ii. 646. Leontuoglossum scabrum, Hance, in Walp. Ann. iii. 812. Eastern tropical India, from Assam to Sincarore.—Disrris. Eastern Archipelago, Leaves 3-5 in., obovate ovate or broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, strongly nerved, quite entire serrate or crenate, appressed pilose. lowers 4-3 in. diam., in tomentose or pilose spreading panicles that are often leafy. Sepals reflexed.—A very variable plant indeed- Van. 1. GuasBra; fruit glabrous. Vax. 2. neBEcaRPA; fruit hairy. D. hebecarpa, DC. Prodr.i.70; Deless. Ic. Sel. t.72; Wall. Cat. 6633. D. intermedia, Blume. 2. TETRACERA, Linn. Trees or climbing shrubs, smooth scabrid or pubescent. Leaves with parallel lateral veins. Flowers in terminal or lateral panicles, herma- phrodite or partially l-sexual. Sepals 4-6, spreading. Petals 4-6. Stamens many, filaments dilated upwards, anther-cells distant. Carpels 3-5; ovules many, 2-seriate. ollicles coriaceous, shining. Seeds 1-5, with a fimbriate or toothed aril_—Dusrais. All tropical ; species about 24, ; 1, ]. levis, Vahl Sym. iii. 71; glabrous, leaves smooth, sepals silky inside glabrous outside, follicles 1-2-seeded. DC. Prodr.i. 68; Wall. Cat. 6627; H. f.& T. Fl. Ind, 62. T.Rheedii, DC. Prodr, 1.68 ; W. & A. Prodr. 5; Wight Ic. t. 70 T. trigyna, Roub. Fl. Ind, ii. 645. TT. sericea, Bl. Bid. 3. Western Peninsuta; forests of Malabar; and in Ceyion.— Disrris. Java to a angular. Leaves 3-5 in., oblong or lanceolate, glabrous, entire or ‘remotely toothed, veins rather distant. Panicles terminating leafy branches, few- or many- flowered. Sepals broadly oval. ‘ 2. T. Assa, DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; young branches strigose, leaves glabrous or hairy on the nerves beneath, sepals glabrous on both surfaces, ciliolate, follicles 3-5-seeded, Wall. Cat. 6629 ; W..d A. Prodr. 5innote ; Hf. & T. * Fl. Ind. 63. ; ; ee 32 Il. DILLENTACE®. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [TZetracera. Eastern Bencar and Easrern Penisuia from Chittagong to Sincapore.—Disriin. Java, Philippines. Leaves 2-4 in., oblong, serratures remote. Sepals broadly oval. 3. %. Buryandra, Vahi Symb. iii. 71; young branches tomentose, leaves rigid, shining above, pubescent beneath, panicle few-flowered, sepals pubescent outside and densely ciliate, follicles 2-3-seeded. DC. Prodr. i. 68 ; Road, Fl. Ind. ii. 646; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 63. 'T. lucida, Wall. Cat. 6631. Eastern Peninsu.a; Malacca and Sincapore.—Disrris. Moluccas and New Caledonia. Branches angular. Leaves 2-5 in., elliptic-oblong and obtuse, or oblong lanceolate and mucronate, entire or subdentate at the tip; petiole short. Panicle terminal, leafy, many-flowered. Sepals ovate-oblong. 4, ©. macrophylla, Wall. Cat, 6628 (by error macrocarpa); young branches pubescent, leaves rigid scabrid on both surfaces, panicle decom- pound many-flowered, sepals puberulous outside, follicles 1-seeded. H. /. & T, Fl. Ind. 63. : Eastern Penixsuxa, Malacca and Sincapore. 3. ACROTREMA, Jack. Stemless perennial herbs, with horizontal woody rootstocks. Leaves large, gland-dotted, entire tuothed or pinnatipartite, with sheathing deci- duvus stipules, Scape usually short, axillary, clothed with mewbranous imbricated scales. lowers in short racemes, yellow. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 15-50, in 3 bundles which alternate with the carpels; filaments filiform ; anthers erect, cells dehiscing from the middle to the tip. Carpels 3, slightly cohering in the axis; styles subulate, recurved ; ovules 2 or more. Fruit of 3 follicles, bursting irregularly. Seed with a membranous aril, testa crustaceous pitted.—DisTrRis. Species about 8, all Indian. A remarkable genus of very variable species. ‘The descriptions apply to adult foliage only, all have the young leaves silky. aes ~ * Carpels 1-2-seeded. 1, A. costatum, Jack, in Mal. Misc. ea Hook. Bot, Misc. ii, 82; leaves epee base ad gar ona es 8-10 in lax racemes, stamens 15, all, Cat. 1117 A; Af. . £l. Ind. 65. A, Wighti ‘ ' Prodr. 6; Wight Ill. t. 9. Ce Ne Eastern Peninsuva, from Moulmein to Sincapore. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in., rough with stiff hairs, toothed and densely ciliate, veins beneath pale and hairy; petiole short. Scape shorter than the leaves, setose ; pedicels much longer than the linear bracts. Ovules collateral ascending.—In. the Flora Indiea Travancore is given as a habitat for this species on the faith of a single specimen in the Wightian Herbarium fastened in the same sheet, 4. Arnuttianum, and collected by Keenig, who, though he tormed most of his collections in the Madras Peninsula, also visited the Straits of Malacca. Y ** Carpels.many-seeded. + Leaves not pinnate or pinnatrfid. 2, A. Arnottianum, Wrght Ill. 9, t. 3; leaves ob -oblon ys nae Hy cordate ae tvotheu, scape many towered wae oes rl. Ind. 64. A. costatum, Wall. Cat. 1117 BAL Wiehiti yd ; 3669 (not of Wid A). ightiauum, Wall, Cat. Acrotrema.] 1, DILLENIACEHZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 33 Weagrgrn Pentnsuna, Malabar and Travancore. Leaves 6-12 by 3-5 in., ciliate and covered with long distant soft hairs, otherwise glabrous; petioles 1-3 in., broadly winged, but not to the base.’ Racemes axillary, 2-8 in., pedicels 2-4 in., clothed with long hairs. Sepals nearly 4 in. : 3. A. uniflorum, Hook. Ic, Plant, t. 157; leaves obovate-oblong base cordate entire or toothed scabrid on both surfaces, scape 1-2-flowered, very short, stamens 30-50. A. f.d T. Fl. Ind. 64; Thwaites Enum. 2. bullatum, and A. sylvaticum, Thw. lc. 2 & 3. Central and Southern Provinces of Crrtoy, in shady moist places, alt, 2-4000 ft. Leaves 4-9 by 1-3 in., tapering to the cordate base; petiole 4-2 in., narrowly winged. Flowers small, pedicels 1-2 in—A very variable plant of which the following Yarieties seem the best marked :— Var. 1. PeTiIoLARris, Thw. l.c.; leaves narrow obovate, petioles 2-3 in. Var. 2. rorunpatum, Thwaites, l.c.; leaves very broad nearly entire, hairs stiffish, petioles very short. ~ Var. 8. BuLLATUM; leaves narrow softly silky bullate, petioles very short, pedicels appressed hairy.—A. bullatum, Thw. Lc. ; ; ‘ ‘ Vis. 4, APPENDICULATUM; leaves deeply serrate at the very base, almost lyrate, petioles short. Var. 5. syivaticum; leaves minutely pilose hirsute with rigid hairs on the nerves beneath, base deeply cordate, petiole and pedicels short.—A. sylvaticum, Thw. Lc. 4, A. Walkeri, Wight ex Thwaites Enum. Ceyl. Pl. 3; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong bullate sharply toothed ciliate laxly hairy above, base auricled, raceme very short, stamens about 15. Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 5353. Central Province of Certon, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites. : Leaves 2-4 by 4-14.in., rugose, dull red and hairy on the veins beneath ; petiole very short. Racemes axillary ; pedicels 1-2 in., laxly villous. Var. arayroneuron, Lhwaites, l.c. 398; leaves larger, midrib and veins above white. ' 5, A. intermedium, Thwaites Enum. 3; leaves, obovate-lanceolate acute crenate-toothed coarsely hairy above, base auricled, petiole margined, racemes short, subsessile, pedicels and calyx hirsute, stamens about 40. Bank of streams Ambagamowa district of Cexuon, Thwaites. : Rootstock elongate. Leaves 6-12 by 1-2 in., more or less hirsute above, and appressed hairy on the veins beneath ; petiole 1-1} in., margined. 6. A. lanceolatum, Hook. Ic. Pl. under t. 157 ; leaves very narrowly lanceolate sinuate-toothed, glabrous above, scape very short, stamens about 40. H.f.& L. Fl. Ind, 65; Thu, Enum. 3. Kittool Galle, in Czyion. : ; Rootstock short. Leaves 4-12 by 4-1 in., acute, appressed hairy on the costa and nerves beneath; petiole 14-1 in., hairy, margined. edicels 1-2 in., hirsute. 7, A. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 3; leaves narrowly spathulate acute sinuate with inflexed rigid teeth glabrous abuve substrigose on the veins beneath, scape very short, stamens about 15. Between Galle and Ratnapoora, Ceyxon, by banks of streams, Thwaites. ; . Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by }~4 in., base auricled, netves beneath with appressed hairs. ” Racemes short ; pedicels 1-2 in., with appressed hairs.—Very near ‘Aslanceolatum, but differing in the number of stamens, perhaps not a constant cha- racter. , VOL, I. D 34 Ul. DILLENTACEE. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Aerotrema. 8, A. Thwaitesil, H. /.¢ 7. in Kew Journ. Bot. viii, 241, t4A; leaves lanceolate pinnatifid to or beyond the middle, hairy above and on the nerves beneath, scape very short, stamens about 20. In the Dolosbage district, Ceyton, Thwaites. ' : Rootstock small, short. Leaves 3-6 by 1-14 in., segments linear-oblong, acute, en- tire or toothed; petioles very short. Pedicels 1-1} in., slender, pilose. Sepals hirsute. 9. A. dissectum, Thwaites in Hook, Kew Journ, Bot. viii. 242, t. 4B; leaves lanceolate interruptedly pinnatisect, softly hairy, scape very short. At Hiridoon Korle, Ceyvton, Thwaites. 2 Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1} in., larger segments acutely lobed, with two or more pairs of very small segments between each pair, white and silky beneath, segments sometimes petiolulate. Pedécels slender, with spreading hairs. Flowers very small, $ in. diam. 10. A. lyratum, Thwaites in Hook, Kew Journ. viii. 242 ; leaves linear- oblong obtuse lyrate-pinnatifid toothed, glabrous except the nerves beneath, base cordate, scape fone naked below, pedicels glabrous, stamens about 35, ' At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceyton, Thwaites. Rootstock stout, ascending. Leaves 3-12 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, terminal segment equalling 3 of the whole leaf, lateral segments 3-5 pair, small, rounded, adnate by a broad base, deflected, sharply toothed; petiole margined. Scape 1-3 in.; bracts re- curved; pedicels 1 in., often recurved. Sepals glabrous or puberulous. lowers about 4 in. diam. 4, SCHUMACHERTIA, Vahl. Erect or sarmentose shrubs, branches flexuous. eaves coriaceous, lateral nerves many; very strong. lowers yellow, 2-bracteolate, in axillary or ter- minal secund simple or panicled spikes. Sepals 5. Petals’ 5. Stamens indefinite, many-seriate, unilateral, filaments very short united into a short oblique cylindric posticous column ; anther-cells dehiscing longitudinally. Carpels 3, distinct, pilose ; styles filiform-subulate ; ovules solitary. Ripe carpels indehiscent. Seed erect, subglobose, arillate, testa crustaceous— Distr, All Cinghalese. 1, S. angustifolia, H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 66; leaves oblong-lanceolate tapering to a fine point serrate, spikes axillary simple or panicled shorter than the leaves, Thw. Enum. 4. At Hinidoon Korle, in Ceyron, abundant. Branches slender, young silky, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1} in., glabrous and shining above, puberulous on the veins beneath, base rounded or narrowed; petiole din. Spikes 1-2 in. 2, S. alnifolia, 7. f. é 7. Fi. Ind. 66; leaves broadly oval acute or subacute sinuate or toothed, spikes axillary panicled shorter than the leaves. Zhw, Enum. Forests in the Ambagamowa and Hunaagiria Districts of Ceyzon, Thwaites. Branches strigose, old glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 3-4 in., base obtuse, glabrous above beneath strigose on the nerves, and pubescent or glabrate between them: petiole sce. brid or hirsute. Spikes 1-2 in. : Vaz. 1. scasra, Thw. l.c.; leaves scabrid with distant rigid hairs, Schumacheria.] 11, DILLENIACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 85 Var. 2. pentata, Wight mss.; Thw. l.c.; leaves acutely coarsely toothed beneath and the petioles hirsute. Var. 3, susauanra, Thw. l.c, ; leaves subglabrous beneath. 3. S. castanewfolia, Vahl, in Act. Hafn. vi, 122 ; leaves broadly oblong crenate or sinuate, spikes in much branched terminal panicles longer than the leaves. Woght IUl.i.9,t.4; H.f. & 2. Fl. Ind. 66; Thw. Enum, 4. In the Saffragam and Galle Districts of Ceyton. Branches hoary, at length glabrate. Leaves 4-10 by 2-4 in,, usually obtuse at both ends, but sometimes acute at either, glabrous above, hoary on the veins beneath. Panicle sometimes leafy. Flowers variable in size. - 5. WORMTA, Roitb. Trees, sometimes lofty, or shrubs. Leaves broad ; lateral nerves many, strong, parallel ; petioles usually with deciduous stipular wings. Flowers large, in terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens inde- finite, in several series, nearly free; anthers linear, erect, cells opening by 2 pores. Carpels 5-10, scarcely cohering in the axis; ovules numerous. /rwit of indehiscent or follicular 3- or more-seeded carpels. Seeds with a fleshy aril—Disrris. Tropical Asia and Australia, and one in Madagascar ; species about 9. ‘ Sect. I. Capellia, Blume (genus). Inner row of stamens much longer than the outer and arching over them. 1, W. suffruticosa, Grif. Notul. iv. 706; Ic. iv. t. 649, f. 1; leaves oval- or elliptic-lanceolate sharply toothed, petiole broadly winged. W. ex- celsa, H.f. & 7. Fl, Ind. 67. (excl. syn.) W. subsessilis, Mig. Fl, Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 618; Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bot, i. 315, t. 9. Eastern Peninsuza, at Malacca and Sincapore.—Duisraim. Extends to Borneo and ‘Banka. A shrub or small tree, young parts floccose. Leaves 4-12 by 2-5 in., acute or rounded at each end, coriaceous, glabrous, with scattered hairs on the veins beneath; petioles 3-2 in., wing entire. lowers 4 in. diam., bright yellow, in _leaf-opposed simple or forked racemes; pedicels alternate, 4-lin., top thickened. Sepals ovate, obtuse, subequal, persistent. Petals obovate, crenulate. Carpels about 7, 3-5-seeded.— W. excelsa, with which we had confounded this (Fl. Ind. Lc.).is distinguished by its crenate leaves and narrow petiolar wing. 2, W. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 951; leaves oval or oblong entire or sub- crenate, petiole scarcely winged. H. f. & 1. Fl. Ind. 67. Eastern Peytnsuta; Penang, Malacca, and Sincapore. ; A tree, bark black ; young parts tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, glabrous when mature; petiole 1-2 in. lowers 3-4 in. diam., in terminal ‘Teafy flexuous few-flowered panicled racemes; pedicels 1 in., thickened upwards, tomen- tose. Sepals orbicular, young covered with appressed yellow pubescence, mature ‘glabrate. Carpels 8-10.—Very near W. eavcelsa, Jack. Szcr. II. HEuwormia. Filaments all erect and nearly equal in length. 3, W. triquetra, Roth. Nov. Act. Hafn. ii, 532, t. 3; leaves broadly oval repand-tovthed or sinuate, petioles with broad membranous sheathing ‘deciduous stipular wings. H.f. & 7’. Fl. Ind. 67; Thu. Enum. = W. den- ‘ D 36 ‘I. DILLENIACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Wormia, tata, DC. Prodr.i. 75. Dillenia dentata, Thwnb. in Trans, Linn. Soc. i. 201, t. 20. : Moist warm parts of Czyton, up to 2000 ft. ate A tree, bark black, young parts hoary. Leaves 5-8 by 4-5 in., tip obtuse or sub- truncate, base rounded; petiole 2-3in. Flowers 2 in. diam., white, in subterminal Jeaf-opposed secund few-flowered racemes ; pedicels 1 in., thickened upwards. Carpels 5, indehiscent, 1-2-seeded. 4. W. pulchella, Jack. Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp.’ Bot. Mag. i. al) leaves obovate obtuse, nerves distant, petiole slightly margined. H. f.¢ T. Fl. Ind. 68, ‘ Eastern Penrnsuna; Malacca, Grifith—Drsrrm. Sumatra. : : : A small tree; branches dark grey, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., quite entire, coriaceous, tip obtuse, truncate or retuse, mucronate, base acute, nerves rather distant ; petiole 1 in., channelled, base slightly sheathing. F'lowers 2 in. diam., on axillary leaf- opposed ebracteate peduncles. Sepals broadly ovate, glabrous. ollicles 5, few-seeded, Seeds few, aril ved pulpy. 6. DILLENTIA, Linn. ‘Trees. Leaves broad, with conspicuous parallel lateral nerves. lowers large, solitary or fascicled, yellow or white. Sepals 5, spreading. Petals 5, broad. Stamens nearly free; anthers linear, bursting by small slits or pores ; inner erect or recurved introrse, outer recurved extrorse. Carpels 5-20, cohering in the axis ; ovules indefinite. Fruit globose, formed of the matured indehiscent carpels inclosed in the thickened calyx. Seeds naked or immersed in pulp, exarillate.—Distrip. Tropical Asia; species 12, Sect. I. Budillenia. Leaves persistent. Flowers white, (always’) ‘ap- _pearing with the leaves, solitary or racemed, terminal or leaf-opposed. 1. D. indica, Linn. ; leaves lanceolate serrate, flowers solitary very darge, sepals fleshy. Hamilton in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 99. D. speciosa and D, elliptica. Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. i, 200; DC. Prodr. i.°76; Wall. Cat. 943; W. & A. Prodr.5; Wight Ic. 823; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 69. ; Tropical forests in the Western Psnivsuta, Behar and Ceylon, and the Himaaya, ees Nipal to Assam. Hasrern Peninsuua from Silhet to Sincapore.—Disrris. Malay Archipelago. A round headed tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 8-10 by 2-4 in., fascicled at the ends of the branches, acute, veins close-set, glabrous above, pubescent especially on _ the nerves beneath. Flowers 6 in. diam., subterminal. apne orbicular, thick ;and fleshy. Petals white, obovate. Inner stamens arching over the outer. Seeds com- pressed, margins hairy. 2. D. ovata, Wall. Cat, 945 ; leaves ovate denticulate, flowers solitary, sepals thick. A. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 70. : Eastern Peninsuna; Penang, Wallich, &c. A tree, branches softly tomentose. Leaves 8 by 5 in, acute or subacute, base rounded and suboblique, glabrous or pubescent on the nerves above, softly pubescent beneath; petiole 1-14 in., tomentose. Flowers on terminal or leafopposed peduncles 2 in. long—Colour ot flower unknown, aii 3. D. meliosmeefolia, H. f. d T. ; leaves obovate-oblong acuminate serrate, flowers 1-2 terminal, sepals densely tomentose. Eastern Peninsuta; Malacca, Griffith. A tree; bark grey, striated; branchlets densely clothed with fulyous tomentum, Dillenia.| 11, DILLENTAOER, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 87 Lcaves 6-8 by 24-34 in., base acute, pilose on the nerves above, shortly hairy espe- cially on the nerves beneath, nerves 16-18 on each side, oblique, terminating: in short. sharp serratures; petiole 1 in., brown, hairy. Peduncles 1-14 in., densely clothed with- rown tomentum. Sepals nearly 14 in. ovate.—Only two specimens seen, with im- perfect flowers. . 4. D. bracteata, Wight Ic. t. 358; leaves oblong crenate, flowers. racemed, sepals suborbicular silky. Wormia bracteata, H. f. & T. Fi. Ind. 68, 1D. repanda, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 652, Western Peninsvla; mountains of Maisor. A tree, young branches silky-pubescent. Leaves densely fascicled, 3-6 by 13-3-in., coriaceous, subacute, or obtuse, shining above, puberulous on the nerves beneath. Fa- cemes 1-2 in., few-flowered, subterminal or leaf-opposed. Flowers 24-8 in. diam. Stamens all equal, anthers 2-porose, Carpels 5, membranous, indehiscent.—Roxburgh’s description of D. repanda, a native of Hindostan, differs but little from the above in the retuse repand smooth leaves, 5-7-flowered raceme, and villous calyx; we know of no specimen or drawing. 5. D. retusa, Thunb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. 200, t. 19; leaves obovate-. oblong truncate or retuse quite entire or sinuate-toothed, flowers 1-3 on a peduncle, Lamk, Ill. t..492; DC. Prodr. i. 76; Wall, Cat. 6625; W. & A. Prodr. 6; The, Enum. 5. D, integra, Thunb. l.c, 199, t. 18; DC. le. Wor- mia integra, H. f. dé 7, Fl. Ind. 68. Warmer parts of Ceyzon, up to 2000 ft. A tree ; branchlets hairy, soon glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-8 in.,' coriaceous, glabrous, base acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers subterminal, 3 in. diam., white; peduncle 2 in. Petals-obovate. Stamens .all erect, anthers 2-porose. _ Fruit 14.in. diam., of 5 carpels. Sect. II. Colbertia, Salisb. (genus). Branchiets scabrid. Leaves deci- ' duous. Flowers appearing before the leaves, yellow, axillary orfrom the scars, solitary or panicled. 6. D. aurea, Sm.. Exot. Bot. t. 92, 93; leaves obovate-crenate, flower solitary 4-5 in. diam., adult sepals glabrous glaucous.. DC. Prodr-i; 76 ; Wall. Cat, 6624; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 70._D. ornata,.Wall, Pl. As, Rar: i. 21, t. 23; Cat. 947. D. speciosa, Grif. Notul. iv. 703.. Colbertia. obovata, Blume Bid. 6. Tropical forests along the base of the Himaraya from Bhotan to Nipal. Easrern Peninsuxa, in Pegu, Martaban, Mergui and the Andaman Islands.—Distrip. Java to neo. ‘ A spreading tree, bark grey. Leaves 1 ft., tapering to'the base, distantly crenate- toothed, glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath. lowers terminating axillary: short shoots; peduncle-1in. Sepals when young villous. Carpels-8-12: Fruit with the calyx as large as a small apple. 7. D. pulcherrima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. 1871, 46; leaves broadly obovate sinuate glabrous- above, flowers 4 in. diam. solitary or eminate, adult sepals silky. Tropical forests of Peau, Kurz. A large tree; bark.grey; young parts silky. Leaves-9-18 by 6-12 in., orbicular or cordate, rarely narrowed at the basey nerves ending in marginal points, glabrous above, Rae and spargely pilose beneath ; petiole 1-2 in., 4-amplexicaul, deeply channelled. lowers on'short axillary: shootp ; : eduncles 14-2 in., silky, ebracteate. Sepals elliptic. Petals narrow-obovate,-—Nearly allied to D. awrea, but leaves larger, nerves:less close; ans'petals narrower.. 38 II, DILLENIACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Dillenia. . ii ; leaves 8. D. seabrella, Rot, Hort. Beng. 43; Fl. Ind. ii. 653; le obovate-oblong toothed scabrid above, flowers fascicled 15-2 oy eed sepals glabrous. Wall. Ph As. Rar. i. 20,.t. 22; Cat. 944; ee » Hl, Ind. 70. D, pilosa, Ham. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xv. 102 (not of & Es Forests of Assam and Sunet, ascending to 3000 ft. in the Khasia hills. A tree; bark grey; young parts hairy. Leaves 6-10 by 4-6 in., obtuse, peed beneath ; petiole 1-2 in. d-amplexicuul at the dilated base. 2lowers 3-5 ec er; sweet-scented, pedicels 2 in., with scattered bracts near the middle. Sepals glabrous. Carpels 5-7. 9. D. parviflora, Grif. Notul. iv. 784; leaves obovate-oblong, scabrid above, margins undulate denticulate, flowers 2-4 rarely solitary 1}-2 in. diam., sepals silky. Kurzim Journ. As, Soc, Beng. 1871, 45. Forests of Tenasserim, Mereut, Peeu, and the Axpaman Is.anps. A tall tree; bark grey, rugged; young parts silky or tomentose. Leaves 7-12 by 4-5 in., acute or abruptly acuminate, rigidly hirsute or softly tomentose beneath, reti- culated between the nerves; petiole 1-14 in., pubescent, 4-amplexicaul. Flowers on wart-like lateral branchlets; pedicels 1-14 in., ebracteolate, tomentose. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, silky, two inner less so. Petals obovate-spathulate. Stigmas 5-8. 10. D. pentagyna, Roxb. Cor. Pl. it. 20; Fl. Ind. ii, 652; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute strongly serrate, petiole short broadly winged, flowers umbelled 1 in, diam., sepals glabrous. Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl. 2; W. & A. Prodr.5; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 71. D. augusta and D, pilosa, Roxb, £1, Ind. ii. 652, Colbertia Coromandeliana, DC. Prodr. i., 75 ; Wall. Cat. 949. C. augusta, Wall. Cat. 948. Forests throughout India, from Oupe and Benar to Assam, in the Wesrern Pen- InsuLa and Prau (absent from Ceylon). : A spreading tree; bark grey; branches rough and scarred ; young parts very silky. Leaves 1-2 by 3-1 ft., subsessile or Sepering into a broad 4-amplexicaul petiole 1-2 in. long, young silky pubescent, old glabrous. wers 5-8; pedicels 1-2 in., ebracteolate. Sepals elliptic, glabrous. Petals obovate. Carpels 5. ll. D. grandifolia, Wail. Cat. 946; leaves oblong-lancedlate acute serrate, petiole 5-6 in. hardly winged. 4. /f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 71. Eastern Prninsuta; at Penang and Malacca. Very similar to D. pentagyna, but leaves softly hairy above, densely tomentose be- neath, and petioles 5-6 in. also densely tomentose. The specimens in Wall. Herb. are very imperfect. : : 12. D. floribunda, H. /. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 71; leaves broadly elliptic glabrous above obtuse at both ends subentire, petiole not winged, flowers umbelled about 1 in. diam, Colbertia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 950. Eastern Penrnsuna, Martaban, Wallich. A tree. Leaves 18 by 10 in., obtuse at both ends, glabrous above, downy on ihe nerves beneath ; petiole about 3 in., glabrous, ebracteolate.—Two leaves and a trun- cheon of wood with a few withered flowers are all that represent thi ies in the Wallichian Herbarium. be raisin Orper Il. MAGNOLIACEA. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing, often aromatic, wood-tissue with glandular markings. Leaves alternate, quite entire or toothed stipulate or not, lowers axillary and terminal, often showy, white yellow or red, III. MAGNOLIACES. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 39 sometimes unisexual. Sepals and petals very deciduous, hypogynous, arranged, in whorls of 3 (in Huptelea absent). Stamens cadetaiee Ren ACH la- ments flattened or terete, free or monadelphous ; anthers basifixed, adnate cells bursting longitudinally. Carpels indefinite, free or partly cohering in one whorl or in several on an elongate axis; styles short or rarely long; stigmatose on the inner surface; ovules 2 or more, or the ventral suture anatropous or amphitropous. /'rudt of berried or follicular rarely woody indehiscent carpels, which are sometimes arranged ina cone. Seeds solitary or few, sometimes pendulous from a long funicle, testa single and crus- taceous, or double, the outer fleshy ; albumen granular or fleshy and oily; embryo minute, cotyledons spreading, radicle short blunt next the hilum.— Distzie. Chiefly natives of the tropical and temperate Asiatic mountains and United States, a few are Australian; species about 70, - Tre. Trochodendrez. Perianth absent. 1, Evrreea, ena IL Winterese. Stipules 0. Perianth double. Carpels in one whorl. 2. Inticrom. ’ Tre ITI. Magnoliese. Erect trees or shrubs. Stipules conspicuous, convolute and sheathing the young foliage, deciduous. Gynophore sessile. Carpels of fruit indehiscent, deciduous . . . . . . . . » 3 Tavauma. Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules2. . . . . . . 4. Maononza. Carpels of fruit dehiscing dorsally. Ovules6ormore . . . . 5. Manaurerta. Gynophore stalked . ie sees a ® 6. Micuenta. Trise lV, Schizandres. Climbing shrubs. Leaves exstipulate. Carpels of fruit spiked . ie tee eM es 7. ScuizanpRA. Carpels of fruit capitate... 1 1 ee we ee ss 8 Kapsura. 1. BUPTELEA, Sieb. and Zuce. : A shrub. eaves alternate, deciduous, toothed ; petiole sheathing; sti- pules 0. Flowers pedicelled, polygamo-dicecious. Sepals and petals 0. ‘Stamens 15-20, in one whorl. Banpels as many as the stamens, pedicelled, obovate, much compressed, winged, indehiscent ; stigma sessile, decurrent from the tip to opposite the insertion of the ovule. /ruit of indehiscent dry flat winged 1-4-seeded carpels. Seeds closely packed ; testa hard, coria- ceous ; albumen granular; embryo minute.—DisrriB, 2 species, the follow- ing and a Japanese, 1. EB. pleiosperma, 7. /. & T. in Proc. Linn. Soc. vii, 240, t. 2. Misxmi aIizs, near the top of Mount Thumathaga, Griffith. A shrub; branches smooth, spotted with white; buds lateral and terminating short lateral shoots, enclosed in hard black shining scales. Leaves 3-4 by 2-3 in. broad elliptic, acutely toothed, acute at both ends, glabrous, pale beneath, nerves very oblique ; petiole 14 in., channelled above, dilated at the base.——Specimens imperfect. ‘ 2, LLLICIUM, Linn. Evergreen aromatic shrubs or small trees, Leaves quite entire, pellucid- dotted. Flowers 2-sexual, solitary or fascicled, yellow or purplish. Sepals 40 III. MAGNOLIACER. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Zilicium. 3-6. Petals 9 or more, 3- many-seriate. Stamens indefinite, filaments thick ; anthers adnate, introrse. Ovaries indefinite, 1-seriate, 1-ovuled ; style subu« late, recurved. Fruit of spreading compressed hard follicles. Seeds com- ressed, testa hard shining, aloumen fleshy.—Disrrie, N. America, China, apan,' India ; species about 5. 1. I. Griffithii, 7. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 74; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, peri- anth segments about 24. , Copses in Buoran and the Kuasia BIL, alt. 4-5000 ft., Griffith, &e. A shrub, branches angular, glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., acute at both ends, coriaceous, shining. Flowers 14 in. diam. Sepals 6, orbicular. Petals 18, outer oval, inner smaller and narrower. Carpels with a thin fleshy epicarp, woody endocarp, and short subulate incurved beak.—Specimens in bud and fruit only. 2, I. majus, H. /. & T. ; leaves obovate-oblong or lanceolate, perianth- segments about 16. . Tenasserim, on the Thoung Gain range, alt. 5500 ft., Lobb. A shrub, 30 ft. Leaves-4-6 by 14-2 in., sharply acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous shining above ; petiole 1 in. Flowers pink. Pedzcelg 1-3 in., subterminal, solitary or fascicled. Sepals and petals orbicular, ciliate, inner broad-oval. Filaments short, broader than the oblong anthers. Ovaries spreading. ’ruit unknown. 3. TALAUDIA, Juss. Trees or shrubs. Leaves and inflorescence of Magnolia. Sepals 3. Petals 6 or more, in 2 or more whorls. Stamens very numerous, many-seriate ;, anthers linear, introrse. Gynophore sessile, Ovaries indefinite, 2-ovuled,. spiked or capitate ; stigmas decurrent. Carpels.woody, separating from the woody axis at the ventral suture, and leaving the seeds suspended from the latter by an elastic cord. Seeds of Magnolia. Distr1B, Tropics of E. Asia and S. Ame- rica, and in Japan ; species about 15. 1, T, Hodgsoni, 1. f & 7. Fi. Ind. 74; leaves obovate-oblong acute or obtuse glabrous, ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, carpels sharply beaked. Hi. f. Ill. Him. Pl. t. 6. Forests of the Sunim Howaraya and of the Kasra uruts, alt. 4-5000 ft. A lofty evergreen tree. Leaves 8-20 by 4-9 in., coriaceous, petiole 1-2 in. Flowers white, odorous; peduncle short, thick; buds subglobose, 2-3 in. diam, Fruit 4-6 in.; carpels 14 by 1 in. ; pits of the axis deep, nearly square. 2. %. Rabaniana, UZ. /.¢ T. Fi. Ind. 75 ; leaves lanceolate glabrous, ovaries glabrous, fruit ovoid, carpels shortly beaked. Liriodendron Jilii- fera, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 654. Forests of the Kuasta its, alt, 4000 ft. A. f. & 7. A lofty tree. Leaves 8-12 by 2-4 in.; petiole 1in. Fruit 4-6 in. 1 thi broad ; pits of the axis shallow, elongated. : . paneibeeees 3. T. lanigera, 1. f. & T. » leaves lanceolate acute at both ends, gla- brous, ovaries densely woody, ripe fruit unknown. Eastern Peninguna, Griffith. A tree. Leaves 12 by 5 in. petiole 1 in., thickened below. Flowers large, odorous; peduncle densely tomentose. Sepals 3, tomentose, at length glabrate. Petals about 8, oblong, fleshy, exceeding the sepals. Carpels (immature) densely woolly, beak glabrous, '. 4, T, mutabilis, Blume Fl. Jav, Magnol. 24, t. 10-12; leaves elliptic or lanceolate acuminate usually pilose or downy beneath, fruit ovoid; Talauma.} 11. MAGNOLIACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 4] carpels 9-12 coriaceous tubercled, beak short recurved. H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind, 74, Manglietia Candollei, Wall, Cat. 6497 (not of Blume). Eastern Pexmsuxa, from Moulmein to Penang.—Distris. Java. 1 A shrub, 6-9 ft. (Blume) or tree; bark brown. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in., glabrous above, rarely so beneath, base acute; petiole 1-2 in., thickened below. lowers large, a i edenglotont stk or woolly, Sepale 8, 1-2 in., oval, thick, greenish. Petals 4, MAGNOLIA, Linn. Trees or shrubs, Leaves evergreen or deciduous ; buds enveloped in the convolute stipules, which are connate in pairs. Flower large, terminal. Sepals 3. Petals 6-12, 2-4-seriate. Stamens numerous, many-seriate, filaments flat; anthers adnate, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Carpels many, imbricated on a long axis, 2-ovuled, persistent ; stigmas decurrent on the ventral suture, Fruit an elongated axis, with persistent adnate 1-2-seeded dorsally dehiscing follicles. Seeds pendulous from the carpels by a long cord ; outer walls of testa fleshy ; aleacnen oily.—Distrr. Temp. N. Ame- rica, temp. and trop. E. Asia and Japan ; species about 15. 1. M. Campbellil, 4. /. & 7. Fl. Ind. 77; leaves deciduous elliptic ovate or oblong acute or acuminate membranous, flowers appearing before the leaves white or rose, carpels obtuse not beaked. H. f Jil. He, Ph. t. 4, 5 5 Griff. Ic. iv. t. 656. Easrern Himaraya, forests of Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 8-10,000 ft. . Alofty tree, branches black. Leaves 4-12 by 24 in., glabrous above, glaucous pubescent or silky beneath, base cordate rounded or oblique; petiole 1 in. Flowers 6-10 in. diam. Petals9-12. Fruit 6-8 in. ‘ 2, I. globosa, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 77; leaves deciduous! ovate acute or obtuse shortly mucronate glaucous beneath, buds globose appearing with the leaves, carpels shortly beaked. : Inner ranges of the Sizxim Huauava, alt. 9-10,000 ft.. _ Asmall tree, branches brown, young tomentose, ald glabrous: Leaves 5-9 by 3-6 in., nerves beneath tomentose. Towers 4-5 in. diam., white, odorous; buds 14 in. diam. Petals 6. Fruit 2-3 in. long. \ 3, M. Griffithii, 1. f. & 7. ; leaves persistent oblong acute pale-beneath, buds oblong appearing with the leaves, carpels obtuse. not beaked, =~ Forests of Uprer Assam, near Sadya, Griffith, ; An evergreen tree ; young branches and buds silky tomenitose, finally glabrate. Leaves 10-14 by 5-6 in., coriaceous, glabrous above, nerves a little rough beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flower-buds 2 in., enclosed in silky bracts. Canpets 1-2-seeded —The number of ovules is doubtful, and the plant may be a Manglictia. ; 4. M. sphenocarpa, foxb. Cor. PI. iii. t. 266; leaves evergreen. oblong obtuse or subacute glabrous on: both sides or puberulous beneath buds globose appearing with the leaves, carpels very long-beaked. Wall. Cat. 975; H. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 78. Liriodendron grandiflorum, Roxb. Fil. End. ii. 653. Michelia macrophylla, Don Prodr. 226. TropicaL Himaayan forests, from Nipal to Assam, Kaasia urs, and Currracons, alt. 3000 ft. : i Evergreen ; young parts hoary, at length glabrate. Leaves 8-16 by 3-6in., tapering to the base, thick, coriaceous ; petiole 1-2 in. Flowers white, fragrant; buds 2 in. diam. Petals 6, oval, fleshy. Fruit 8-16 in. ; beak of carpels compressed, 1 in. or more.— 42 III, MAGNoLtacex. (Hook.f & Thoms.) [Magnoha, There is an undescribed Magnolia or Manglietia in Herb. Hook. from Bhotan (Booth) too incomplete for description. : 5, MANGLIETIA, Blume. Trees ; foliage and inflorescence of Magnolia. Sepals 3. Petals 6 or more, 2- or more-seriate. Stamens very numerous, many-seriate ; anthers linear, adnate, introrse. Gynophore sessile. Ovaries many, cohering in an ovoid head ; stigma decurrent on the ventral suture ; ovules 6 or more. Fruit ovoid, head of carpels persistent dehiscing dorsally. Seeds as in Magnolwa.— Disteis. Mountains of tropical Asia; species 5. i 1. M. insignis, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 23 ; leaves lanceolate acute or acuminate, fruit a dense oblong spike of carpels. H. 7, & T. fi. Ind. 76, Magnolia insignis, Wall, Tent. Fl. Nep.t.1; Pl. As. Rar, ii, t. 182 ; Cat. 973. Nirat, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Kasia HILLS, alt. 3-6000 ft. . A lofty tree, wholly glabrous except a few brown hairs on the tips of the bud-scales. Leaves 4-8 by 1-24 in., coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, petiole 3-1 in. Flowers odorous, pale pink; buds 2 in., ovoid-oblong. Petals 9. Fruit 3-4 in., pbright-purple when tent, Var. 1, Latrrotia; leaves 4-6 by 2-2} in, elliptic-lanceolate acute. Var. 2, axeustirouia; leaves 6-8 by 1-2 in., lanceolate acuminate. 2, M. Caveana, Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 76; leaves obovate oblong obtuse or mucronate, fruit an ovoid or subglobose spike of carpels, Forests of the Kasra nmzs, alt. 2-3000 ft., H. f. & T. : : A lofty tree, glabrous everywhere. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, glaucous be- neath, reticulated when dry; petiole 2 in. Flowers unknown. Carpels rounded at the back. Seeds 2-6. 6. MICHELIA, Linn. Trees, Leavesas in Magnolia, Flowers axillary, solitary (terminal in M. Cathcartii). Sepals and petals similar, 9-15 or more, 3- or more-seriate. Stamens as in Magnolia, Gynophore stalked. Carpels in a loose spike, stigma decurrent ; ovules 2 or more. Fruita lax or dense elongate spike of coriaceous dorsally dehiscing carpels. Seeds of Magnolia.—DistEB. About 12 species ; temp. and trop. Mts. of India, * Flowers terminal. 1. M. Gatheartii, 1. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 79; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate, nerves hairy on both surfaces, perianth-segments 9. A. f. Ill. Him. Pl. t. 7. ‘ : Temperate forests of the Srxxim Himataya, alt. 5-6000 ft. A lofty tree; young branches densely silky. Leaves 4 by 1} in., thin, subcoriaceous, pale beneath; petiole Lin. lowers 1 in. diam., white. Sepals and petals oblong, inner gradually smaller. Carpels sessile, densely imbricate ; rachis 2-4 in. ** Flowers axillary. Ovules 3 or more (see also 8, nilagirica), 2. M. Champaca, L. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate tapering to a long point, flowers yellow, segments of perianth 15-20, ovaries pubescent. DC. Prodr. 1.79; Wall. Cat. 969 (except K); Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 656; W. & A. Prodr. 1.6; Wight IM.i.13; Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol.t.1; H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 79. M. rufinervis, DC. J.c.79. M. Doldsopa, Ham. ex DO. lc. ; Don Prodr. 226 ; Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep.t.3; Cat.971. M. aurantiaca, Wall, Cat. 6492; Plant. As, Rar. t. 147, M. Rheedii, Waght Jil, i. 14, t. 5, £. 6. “ Michelia.| ‘111. MAGNOLIACEH, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 43 Commonly cultivated, but wild in the forests of the Temperate Hirauaya, from Nipal eastward ; and in Peeu, Tenasserim, the Nixauieis and Travancor.—Disrris. Java (Champi). S—, : A tall tree; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 8-10 by 24-4 in., shining above, pale and glabrous or puberulous beneath; petiole 1-14 in. lowers 2 in. diam., pale yellow or orange, very fragrant; peduncle short; buds silky. Sepals oblong, acute. Petals linear. Suit 3-4 in., carpels subsessile. 3. M. excelsa, Blume Fl. Jav. Magnol. 9 ; leaves oblong or oblong- lanceolate acute silky-brown beneath, flowers white, segments,of perianth about 12, ovaries pubescent. Wall. Cat. 6494; Wi ht Til, i. 14 ,; Af & T. Fl, Ind. 80; Griff. Ic. iv. 655. Magnolia excelsa, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 2. Temperate Himauaya, alt. 5000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Kaasta HILLs.- A lofty tree ; young fe softly brown-hairy. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., acute, glabrous above; petiole 1 in. lowers 4-5 in. diam.; buds 2 in., silky-brown. Sepals obovate. Petals gradually narrower. Fruit 5-8 in. ; ‘carpels subsessile, rather distant. 4, M.lanuginosa, Wail. Tent. Fl. Nep. 8, t. 5; Cat, 6493 ; leaves ob- long or lanceolate, glabrous above white and tomentose beneath, flowers white, segments of. perianth about 18, ovaries densely woolly. H.f. & 7. Hl. Ind. 80, M. velutina, DC. Prodr. i. 79. : PP os Temperate Himaraya, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Bhotan, and in the Kmasia HILLS. A small or large tree; young parts densely white or grey-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 2-33 in.; petiole $ in. Flowers 8-4 in. diam.; buds 14 in. Sepals narrow- obovate, obtuse. nner petals narrower, acute. /ruit 4-5 in.; carpels obovate, stalked, dis- tant.—Wallich describes this as a tall tree flowering in spring, In Sikkim it forms a large bush, flowering in autumn. 5, ME. Kisopa, Ham. DO. Prodr. i. 79; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate glabrous, flowers pale yellow, segments of perianth about 12, ovaries densely pubescent. Wall. Tent. Fi. Nep.t.4; Cat. 970; Don Prodr. 226; H. f. dé T. Fl. Ind. 81. Temperate Himaxaya, alt. 5-7000 ft., from Nipal to Kumaon. A tall tree; bark grey, young parts clothed with appressed grey pubescence, soon glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by 14-2 in., acute or acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole Lin. Flowers 3-1 in. diam.; buds puberulous. Sepals narrow-obovate. Petals scarcely narrower than the sepals. Fruit 3-4 in.; carpels sessile. *** Flowers axillary. Ovules 2, superposed, : 6. M. oblonga, Wall. Cat. 972 ; leaves obovate-oblong glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers white, segments of perianth about 12, A. f. & T. #1. Ind. 81; M. lactea, Wall, Cat. 6491. Forests of the Kasia “itis and Assam. . ‘ A tree; branches glabrous. Leaves 4~6 by 2-24 in., obtusely acuminate ; petiole 3-1 in. Flower-buds about 1 in., glabrous. Sepals 1} in. narrow-obovate. Petals lanceolate. Carpels sessile—An imperfectly known species, 7, M. punduana, HU. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 81; leaves oblong abruptly acu- minate glabrous, flowers white, segments of perianth about 9, ovaries densely pubescent. Magnolia punduana, Wall. Cat.974. . a, Forests of the Kuasta HILLS, alt. 3-5000 ft. : A tall tree; young parts brown-silky, soon glabrate. Leaves 4-6 by 2 in, base acute or obtuse ; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 14-2 in. diam. ; buds 3-1 in, silky, Segments of perianth obovate, outer obtuse, inner acute. Fruit 3-4 in. ; ‘carpels sessile, _ 44 IM. MAGNOLIACEEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Michelia. 8. ME. nilagiricea, Zenk, Plant. Ind. t. 20; leaves oblong, elliptic- or dhowitelancecits acute at both ends or tip mucronate ae or a berulous only on the nerves beneath, flowers white, segments a Gia 9-12; ovules 20r 4-5. Wight Ill, i. 14; Ic. t. 938; #. f. & Tf, Fi. In fed Thwaites Enum. 5. M. Pulneyensis, Wight IU. i. 14, t. 5 (except figs. 5 and 6). Higher mountains, alt. 5-6000 ft., of the Wuzsrern Peninsuza (var. 1) and. of: Cryrton (var. 2). : Sie 2 AA abe - shrub at high elevations, young parts silky. Leaves 2-4 he ee 3-4 in. diam.; buds 4-14 in., ovoid, pubescent. Perianth-segments obovate, — acute. Fruit 2-3 in.; carpels sessile —There is some confusion in the descriptions the Ceylon and Nilghiri plants. Zenker describes M. nilagirica as Lomuled - igh 7 {Illust.) repeats this, but (Icones) figures 2 ovules and describes 4. ig) . w! ee describes (Illustr.) 22. Walkeri as 2-ovuled, and ovalifolia ag 3-ovuled, Male oa er glauca he makes no mention of the ovules. His M. Pulneyensis is figured with yell ll flowers, and 4 ovules, and may be Uf. Champaca.—The following varieties are possibly: species :— : ess eat Var. 1. Wicurw; a tree, leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in. elliptic green below, segments o perianth usually 12; ovules 4-5:—M. ovalifolia, Wight. Ill. i. 13. Var. 2. Wataerr; leaves 2-3 by 1-14 in. oblong or obovate-oblong glaucous below, segments of perianth usually 9, ovules 2, superposed. Walkert and. M. glauca, Wight Ill. i.13,14. . 7. SCHIZANDRA, Michaux. Climbing glabrous shrubs. eaves exstipulate. Flowers unisexual, white, ellow or reddish, axillary, or in the axils of scales near the base of. sho: lateral leafy: branches. Sepals and petals 9-12, imbricate in about 3 series. & Stamens 5-15 or more, in aspiral series, filaments very short, free or.sub- connate, often fleshy ; anthers free or subimmersed in a fleshy head of con- fiuent tilaments; cells small, remote. 9 Ovaries many, densely imbricated ; stigma sessile ; ovudes 2. Fruit a slender spike of globose indehiscent fleshy; 1-seeded carpels. Seeds 1-2, suspended, albumen fleshy, testa crustaceous ;, embryo minute.—Distriz, U. States, mountains of temperate and tropic India and Java ; species about 6, * Filaments monadelphous below, free above.; 1. S. grandifiora, H./.é T. ; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acu- minate distantly toothed, flowers 1 in. diam., fruit’ 6-9 in., carpels scarlet fusiform on a cylindric fleshy axis, Spherostema grandiflorum, H. f. & 7. Fil. Ind. 84, Kadsura grandiflora, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 14; Cat. 4985 A, in part. ; Temperate Himazaya, from Simla to Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ft. A woody glabrous climber. Leaves 8-6 by 1-2 in, rather fleshy, base acute, pale beneath; petiole 1-1} in. Flowers solitary, pinky-white, odorous ; pedicel: 1-2 in. Filaments cylindric above; anthers ovoid, connective thickened, cells lateral. or sub- extrorse. 2, S. elongata, H. f. & T. ; leaves ovate acute or acuminate minutely eartilaginous-toothed, flowers 3 in. diam., fruit 2-3 in., carpels on a. slender axis. Sphzrostema elongatum, Blume Fi. Jao. Schiz. t.5; H.f. & T. Fl, Ind. 85.' 8. grandiflorum, Wall. Cat. 4983, A in part.& C.. Temperate Hrwataya, from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 5-6000 ft.; Kaasta mmis.— Disrais.. Java. A. woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., pale or glaucous bes neath ; petiole.4-1 in, ‘lowers, fascicled or solitary, $~2: in. diam.,. yellowish; pedi- Schizandra, 11. MAGNOLIACEE. (Hook. f..& Thoms.) 45 cels 1-13 in,,, slender. Stamens.as in 8. grandiflora.—Confounded with 8. grandiflora by Wallich (under 4985), but more slender, flowers smaller. The fruit is not so stalked ‘as in Blume’s figure, but we believe this'to be a variable character. ** Anthers sessile in cavities of the fleshy head of filaments. 3. S. propinqua, H./. & T.; leaves ovate-lancedlate serrate-toothed, flowers small, pedicels long, fruit 6 in. long, axis fleshy. Spherostema pro- pinquum, Blume Fl. Jav. Schiz.16; Wall. Cat. 4986; H. 7. & T. Fl. Ind, 85, Kadsura propinqua, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 15. ‘Himataya, from Nipal to Kumaon, alt. 46000 ft. .A woody climber. Leaves 3-5 by 14 in., base rounded or cuneate; petiole 4 in. Flowers small, yellow or orange, solitary or fascicled; buds 4-4 in. diam.; pedicels 4 in., bracteolate. Anthers slightly protruded. Carpels as in S. grandiflora, 4. S. axillaris, H. f. & T. ; ‘leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate tapering’ to a fine point; entire or remotely toothed, flowers }in. diam., pedi- wails very short bracteolate, fruit 1-2in. long. Spherostema’ axillare, Blume Fil. Jav. Schiz. t.3; Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind. 86. : Kuasta nits, alt. 4~5000 ft.—Disrris. Java. _ A slender climber. Leaves 3 by 14-1} in., base cuneate or rounded; petiole } in. Flowers dull scarlet, axillary; bracteoles imbricating. Stamens as in S. propinqua. Carpels small. 8 KADSURA, Kempfer. Characters of Schizandra, but ripe carpels arranged-in a globose head, ovules sometimes 4.—D1sTRIB. temp. and subtrop. Asia; species about 7. 1. K. Roxburghiana, Arn. in Jard. Mag. Zool. & Bot. ii. 546 ; leaves ovate or oblong acute or acuminate, filaments connate in a column. , & 7. Fl. Ind. 83. Kadsura japonica, Wall, Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 12; Cat. 4987 A, B (partly), not of Jussiew.. Uvaria heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 663. Svusrroricat Forests of Sixxim, Assam, ‘Sitapr, and the Kasra miLus, ascending to 5000 ft. ; ‘ : - A stout rambling climber; bark very rough. Leaves 3-6 by 14-3 in., fleshy ; petiole _ kin. Flowers 4 in. diam. ; pedicels 3-1 in., stout, bractevlate to or below the middle. Outer filaments short, free above, inner wholly connate. Ovules 2. Fruit 1-2 in. diam. Carpels many, as large as a bean, base cuneate, top rounded. 2, K. Wightiana, A. l.c. ii. 546 ; leaves broadly ovate acute or obtuse, filaments free, ovules usually 4. H.f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 84; Thwaztes Enum, 5, Mountains of Manasar, Wight, and of Crytoy, alt. 2-3000 ft. : A woody climber. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., pale beneath, base cuneate. Flowers 3 in. diam., pale, yellow-green ; pedicels 1-2 in., stout, with several bracteoles. Fruit like K. Roxburghiana. \ There fein Harb: ‘Kew. an imperfect specimen of a Malacca Kadsura collected ‘by Griffith (see Notul. iv. 714, Jc. iv. t. 651, f. 1&2); it may be K. scandens, Blume, distinguished by its mucronate fruit. Orver IV. ANONACEZE. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Trees or shrubs, often climbing and aromatic, Leaves alternate, exstipu- late, simple, quite entire. JZowers 2- rarely I-sexual. Sepals 3, free or connate, usually valvate. Petals 6, hypogynous, 2-seriate, or the inner absent. Stamens many, rarely definite, hypogynous, closely packed on the torus, filaments short or 0; anthers adnate, cells extrorse or sublateral, 46 Iv. ANonacEm®. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) connective produced into an oblong dilated or truncate head. Ovaries 1 or more, apocarpous, very rarely (Anona) syncarpous with distinct ei style short or 0; ovules 1 or more. /ruit of 1 or more sessile or stalke 1- or many-seeded usually indehiscent carpels. Seeds large ; testa crus- taceous or coriaceous ; albumen dense, ruminate, often divided almost to the axis into 4 series of horizontal plates ; embryo small or minute, cotyledons divaricating.—Disrrre, Tropics of the Old World chiefly ; genera about 40 with 400 species, the determination of which is exceedingly difficult. Tree I, Uvariere. Petals 2-seriate, one or both series imbricate in bud. Stamens many, close-packed ; their anther-cells concealed by the overlapping connectives. Ovaries indefinite. : Flowers 1-sexual; ovules many; torusconical . . . . . 1. Srenectocarpus. Flowers 2-sexual ; ovules many, rarely few; torus almost flat 2. Uvanru. Flowers 1-2-sexual; ovule solitary. . . . . . . . . 8. Evisu, Tree II. Unonew. Petals valvate or open in bud, spreading in flower, flat or concave at the base only, inner subsimilar or 0. Stamens many, close-packed, their anther-cells concealed by the overlapping connectives. Ovarves indefinite. : * Petals conniving at the concave base and covering the stamens and ovaries, Ovaries 1-3, many-ovuled; peduncles not hooked . . . . 4. CyarHocanyx, Ovaries many, 2-ovuled; peduncles hooked . . . . . . 5, ARTABOTRYS. Ovaries many ; ovules 4 or more ; peduncles straight . . . 6. Drepananraus. ** Petals flat ; spreading from the base. Ripe carpels indehiscent. vules many, 2 seriate; petals lanceolate. . . . . . 7% Cananaa, ‘Ovules many, 2 seriate; petals broad-ovate . . . . . 8. CyATHosTEMMA, Ovules 2-6, 1-seriate on the ventral suture. . . . . . 9. Unona. Ovules 1-2, basal or subbasal . .. . . . . . . 2 10. Ponvanrnt. Ripe carpels follicular . . . 2. 1... 1. 1. . «U1. ANAXAGOREA, : *** Inner petals valvate, tip incurved. 12. Porow1a. Tape III, Mitrephorese. Petals valvate in bud, outer spreading; inner dissimilar, concave, connivent, arching over the stamens and pistil.- Stamens many, close-packed, anther-cells concealed by the overlapping con- nectives. Ovaries indefinite, : * Inner petals not clawed. Inner petals smaller than the outer. . . 2°... . . 13, Oxyrrra. Inner petals much larger than the outer . . . . . . . 14, PHa&ANruus. ** Inner petals clawed, usually smaller than the outer, Ovules 1-2, near the base ofthe ovary . . . . . . . 45, GonioTHALAMus, Ovulesmany » - . . . ee, . 16. MirrepHora, , TrwelV, Xylopiewe. Petals valvate in bud, thick and rigid, connivent inner similar but smaller, rarely 0. Stamens many, close-packed anther- cells concealed by the produced connectives, Ovaries indefinite, — Ovules solitary ; fruit fleshy, of many connate carpels. . . 16.* AwNona. Ovules 2~0o; outer petals broad; torusconver. . . . | 17, MELoporum Ovules 2-00 ; outer petals narrow; torus flat or concave . . 18, Xxtoru, Iv. ANoNACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 47 Tribe V. Miliusese. Petalsimbricate or valvatein bud. Stamens often definite, loosely imbricate, anther-cells not concealed by the overlapping connectives. Ovaries solitary or indefinite. * Ovaries indefinite. Petals valvate, inner largest; ovules definite . . . . . . 19. Mmuusa. Petals valvate, inner largest; ovules indefinite . . . . . 20. SaccoprraLum, dj Petals valvate, subequal; ovules4-8 . . .. .. . . 21, ALPHONSEA, Petals valvate, inner shortest; ovules2-4. . .., . , . 22. OROPHEA, Petals imbricate, subequal; ovules 2-8 . - 23. Bocaawa. ** Ovaries solitary. Outer petals valvate, inner imbricate . . . =... . . 24. Kinasronma, Allthe petals valvate . . . 2... 1... . . . 25. Loncuomera, 1, STELECHOCARPUS, Blume, A tree. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers dicecious, fascicled, axillary or on the old wood. Sepals 3, small, elliptic or orbicular, imbricate. Torus conical. Stamens indefinite, connective dilated, truncate. Ovaries indefinite, ovoid 3 stigma sessile ; ovules 6 or more. upe carpels large, berried, globose, 4~6- seeded.—Distrip. Species 1 or 2, Malayan. : 1. S. Burahol, Blume Fil. Jav. Anon. 48, t.23 & 25 C ; leaves oblong- lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous. H./.& 7. Fl. Ind. 95, Srxcarore, Lobb.—Disrrizs. Java. , ; A tall tree; branches black, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 14-3 in., base acute; petiole Zin. Q flowers many, lin. diam.; g much smaller; pedicels with scaly bracteoles, of g 1in., slender, of 2 2-3 in., stout, clavate, bracteolate below the middle. We col- lected a similar plant, but flowerless, near Chittagong. 2 UVARIA, Linn. Scandent or sarmentose shrubs, usually stellately pubescent. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed, rarely axillary, cymose fascicled or solitary, yellow purple or brown. heels 3, often connate below, valvate. Petals 6, orbicular oval or oblong, imbricate in 2 rows, sometimes connate at the base. Stamens indefinite ; top of connective ovoid-oblong truncate or subfoliaceous. Torus depressed, pubescent or tomentose. Ovarves indefinite, linear-oblong ; style short, thick ; ovules many, 2-seriate, rarely few or 1-seriate. Ripe carpels many, dry or berried, few or many-seeded.—Disrris. Many tropical Asiatic and a few African species. Secr, I, Outer stamens flat, subfoliaceous, often imperfect. * Peduncles 1-2-flowered, leaf-opposed, rarely terminal (2-4-flowered in 3, dulcis and 7, Lobbiana). a. Leaves below and buds appressed tomentose. 1. U. purpurea, Blume Bid. 11; Fl..Jav. Anon, 13,t. 1 & 13.4; leaves cuneate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate cordate stellate tomentose beneath, buds tomentose enclosed in 2 large bracts, carpels oblong or cylindric mucronate tomentose, dorsally 2-keeled. Wall. Cat. 6485, excl, H&G; H. ‘3 & T. Fl. Ind. 95. U. grandiflora, Romb, Fl. Ind. ii. 665; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. t. 121; Wight dé Arn, Prodr. 9. Unona gran- diflora, DU. Prodr. i. 90. 48 Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Vvaria. From Prev, Wallich, to Sivcarore, Lobb, and Penane, Phillips—Distris. Eastward to the Philippines. : Shrubby, sarmentose ; young parts stellately pubescent. Leaves 6-12 by 2-4 in, tapering downwards from above the middle, young pubescent above, soon glabrous and shining; nerves many, parallel, close-set near the petiole, which is 4— in. Flowers 38-3 in. diam., rarely geminate, terminal or leaf-opposed, Purple, odorous ; bracts, orbi- cular, deciduous; peduncle 1-14 in, Sepals ovate, acute. Carpels many, stalked, sub- torulose ; stalk 1-14 in. - 2. U. Hamiltoni, 7. /. & 7. Fl. Ind. 96; leaves oblong-obovate long acuminate pubescent above tomentose beneath, buds tomentose, peduncle 1-bracteolate, carpels subglobose or broad ovoid tomentose not keeled. Wall, Cat. 64865, . Forests of the Suxxim Terar, Benar near Monghir, and.Assam, Hamilton. : Shrubby, sarmentose or scandent ; branches rough, tomentose. Leaves 5-8 by 2-33 in., tapering to the rounded or cordate base; petiole $-jin. lowers 2 in. diam., solitary or geminate, leaf-opposed ; pedicel 1 in., tomentose. Sepals connate below, short, broad, obtusé, mucronate. Petals broad-oval, densely tomentose on /both surfaces. Carpels many, 2-1 in., transversely grooved when dry; stalk 1 in. 3. U. dulcis, Dunal Anon. 90, t. 13; leaves oval or oblong subacute puberulous above woolly beneath, buds globose tomentose, peduncle with several bracteoles about the middle short 1-4-flowered. DC. Prodr. i. 88; Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 98. U. Javana, Dunal ic. 91 ; Blume Fl, Jav. Anon.t.3. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Tenasserim, Brandis, A large woody climber ; young branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., base rounded or subcordate, slightly repand; petiole 4-4 in. Fowers 2 in. diam., subs umbellate, greenish, odorous ; peduncle 4-4 in., leaf-opposed, short, woody; bracts several; pedicels bracteolate about the middle. Petals oblong, subacute, tomentose on both sides.—Allied to U. macrophylla. 4, U. sphenocarpa, H./. é 7. Fl. Ind. 99; leaves narrow-obovate or cuneate-oblong, shining above stellate-tomentose beneath, peduncle 1- flowered, bracts orbicular scaly imbricate, carpels obovate-cuneate sessile warted. Zhwaites Enum. 6; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 80. Forests of Ceyuon, ascending to 15,000 ft. Walker, &c. A large shrub, climbing? Leaves 3-5 by 14-2} in, shortly petioled, long-acuminate, base obtuse or retuse, above sparsely hairy, midrib tomentose. Flowers I-4 in. diam., greenish-brown; ‘peduncles 4 in., leaf-opposed. Petals broadly oblong, tomentose. Carpels 1 in. diam., obovate-cuneate. B. Leaves buds and carpels with loose spreading hairs. 5, U. hirsuta, Jack Mal. Misc. ex Hook, Bot. Mise. ii. 87 ; leaves oblong with scattered hairs above and stellate hairs beneath, peduncle 1- rarely 2-flowered, bracts large deciduous basal, carpels long-staiked warted hairy, —blume Pl. Jav, Anon. t. 5; Wall. Cat, 6458 (excl. C); Af. & T. Fl. Ind. 99. U. trichomalla, Blume lc. 42 t.18; Road. Fl. Ind. ii, 665. Prnana, Jack; Sixcarors, Lobb.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java. A woody sarmentose shrub ; young branches softly hairy. Leaves 5-6 by 14-23 in. base rounded or cordate ; petiole § in. Flowers 1} in. diam., red ; buds globose hairy; peduncles 1 in., terminal or lateral, softly hairy, articulate near the base: bract 4 in, Sepals large, orbicular, connate. Petals oblong, downy. Carpels 1-14 in. oblong or ovate-oblong, beak obscurely keeled—“ deep orange, rugose, densely stellate pilose,” Maingay mss. ; Vvaria.] IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms:) 49 y- Leaves glabrous, except on the nerves. 6. U. bracteata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 660; leaves oblong or obovate-ob- long acute or shortly acuminate, peduncle 1-2-flowered, bract median leafy petioled, carpels subsessile oblong obtuse young tomentose. Wall, Cat. 6468; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 100. U. Gomeziana, A. DO. Mem. Anon. 27; Wall. Cat. 6459. Eastern Benaat, from Silhet, Roxburgh ; to Tenasserim, Wallich. A large woody climber; young branches tomentose. Leaves 4-7 by 13-2} in., base rounded, thin, firm, glabrous except the midrib and nerves beneath; petiole 4-4 in., tomentose. Flowers 4 in. diam., pale yellow; peduncles 4 in., leat-opposed ; .bract }in., oblong or ovate. Sepals counate to the middle, pubescent. Carpels 1-2 in. 7. U. Lobbiana, H. f. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 100; leaves oblong or obovate- oblong obtuse acute or mucronate glabrous, peduncle 2~4-flowered, bract pall rc amplexicaul at the fork, carpels obliquely ovoid long-stalked ubercled. ‘ Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay, and Sincarorz, Lobb. A large woody climber; branchlets pubescent. Leaves 4-7 by 13-3 in., base rounded or subcordate, thin, coriaceons, midrib and under surface with sometimes a few stellate hairs; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam., purplish-brown ; buds globose; peduncles terminal and leaf-opposed, pedicels bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles about in. Sepals connate for 3 their length into a wavy cup. Petals broad-oval, tomentose, warted on both surfaces. Carpels 1 in., tomentose.—Near U. ptychocalyx, Miq. ** Peduncles 3-6-flowered, leaf-opposed. (See 3, dedcis and 7, Lobbiana.) 8 U. macrophylla, Hox). Fl. Ind. ii. 663; leaves oblong or obovate- oblong abruptly acuminate, glabrous or stellate-pubescent beneath, peduncle many-flowered, bracts small oval basal, carpels ovoid or oblong glabrous sessile or stalked. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. t. 122; Cat. 6487; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 97; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 81. U. cordata, Wall. Cat, 6486. Guatteria cordata, Dunal Anon. 129, t. 30; DC. Prodr, i. 93. Easrexn Benoa, from Silhet to Ava and Sincapore; South-Kastern districts of Cuytoy.—Distris. Java. A large sarmentose shrub; young parts tomentose. Leaves 6-12 by 3-6 in., base cordate, nerves above tomentose ; petiole }-4 in. (lowers 14 in. diam., reddish-brown ; eduncles 1 in., and bracts tomentose; pedicels short; bracteole supramedian. Petals ctor, pubescent, Carpels 1-14 in., berried, sometimes ‘shorter than their stalk. -—The Borneo and Philippine specimens formerly identified with this, we refer to U. ovalifolia, Blume. 9, U. semecarpifolia, H. f. & 7. FI. Ind. 97; leaves oblong or ob- ovate-oblong obtuse or mucronate rarely acute very thick stellate-pubescent ‘beneath, peduncle 3-6-fluwered, bracts at the forks scaly, carpels shortly stalked smooth tomentose.—TZhwaites Enum. 6; Beddome Ic. Pl, Ind. Or. t. 82, Matacca, Griffith ; tropical forests of Central and 8. E. Certon. A woody climber; branches tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 24-4} in., slightly cordate, nerves above pubescent; petiole din. Mowers 1-1} in. diam., greenish-brown ; pe- duncles } in.,‘leafopposed, tomentose. Petals broad-oval, hoary, “Carpe/s 1 in. diam., subglobose.—Malacca specimens have more distant nerves than Ceylon ones. 10. U. ptychocalyx, Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 4; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or abruptly acuminate stellately hairy beneath at length glabrous, peduncle 2-3-flowered with a large leafy bract at the base VOL. L E 50 Iv. ANUNACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Dvaria, of each pedicel and a bracteole under the calyx, carpels stalked subglobose rough densely tomentose. Forests of Prav, Muclelland, &c.—Distr. Sumatra, Java? A. woody climber; bark dark-grey, rugged; young parts densely tomentose. Leaves 4-12 by 2-5 in., slightly cordate, midrib and nerves above tomentose ; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers 1} in. diam., dull red-purple ; pedicels 4-4 in. ; bract 4-1 in. long, ovate, tomen- tose. Sepals connate halfway up into a densely tomentose cup, margins subplicate. Petals fleshy, oval or obovate-oblong, obtuse, tubercular, pubescent. Carpels size of a cherry ; stalk 1-14 in. ry *** Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. 1l. U. subrepanda, Wail, Cat. 6483 ; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong acute glabrous above pubescent beneath at length glabrous, peduncles slender stellately pubescent bracteolate about the middle and base. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 101. ' : Sincarore, Wallich. A shrub; branches very slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves membranous, mid- rib pubescent above. Pedumncles 1 in.; bracteoles concave.—A very imperfectly known plant. Sect. IT. Stamens all cuneate ; connective truncate or capitate or hardly produced beyond the cells. * Flowers 1 inch or more in diameter. 12. U. macropoda, H. f.é 7. Fl. Ind. 101; leaves 3-6 in. oblong or lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous, buds tubercled beaked, carpels oblong granulate 3-quetrous very long stalked. Thwaites Enum. 6; Bed- dome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or, t. 79. Forests in Central and Eastern Ceyton, Walker, &c. A large woody climber; branchlets glabrous or with sparse stellate scales. Leaves 8-6 by 1-2 in., shining above, pale beneath ; petiole } in. lowers 2 in. diam., reddish- brown, termiual or leat-opposed ; peduncle scurfy. Sepals granular, tomentose inside, orbicular, mucronate. Petals oblong. Carpels 15-30, 1-2 in., berried, scarlet; stalk 3-6 in., clavate. 13, Us Narum, Wall. Cat. 6473; leaves 3-8 in. oblong-lanceolate or narrow-oblong acute or shortly acuminate glabrous, buds globose stellate- tomentose, carpels ovoid or oblong smooth slender-stalked. W. & A. Prodr. 9; Wight 1.1,t.6; A.f. & T. Fl. Ind.102; Thwaites Enum. 6. Unona Narum, Dunal Anon. 99; DC. Prodr, i. 89. ane’ of the Westurn Przninsuta; Central province of Cryzon, ascending to A large woody climber ; branches glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 14-12 in., shining above; petiole 3 in., glabrous. Flowers 1-14 in. diam., terminal or leaf-opposed, solitary, red- dish or dingy-green ; pedicels 1-14 in., filiform, glabrous. Sepals orbicular, subacute. Petals sometimes 7-8, oval or oblong, connate below. Carpels 1 in., scarlet, subto- rulose, glabrous ; stalk 1-2 in. ; 2 Var. 1. Hunarum; leaves 3-6 in., more oblong-lanceolate. Var. 2. macrophylla; leaves 6-9 in., lanceolate, carpels on longer thicker angular stalks.—U. lurida, var. 8, H f.& 7, Fl. Ind. 101; Wall. Cat. 6473; Dalz. & Gibs. Fl. Bombay, 3: : 14, U. lurida, 1. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 101 (excl. var. 8); leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining on both surfaces buds globose ryugh glandular, fruit unknown. : Uvaria.] Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 51 Northern slopes of the Krasra nixzs, alt. 2000 ft., Hf é T. A large woody climber; young parts with stellate scales. Leaves 3-8 by 1-24 in, base rounded or acute, paler beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., solitary or geminate ; peduncles 1 in., stellately pubescent. Petals broad-obovate, obtuse.—Pos- sibly a state of U. Narum. 15. U. zeylanica, L. ; leaves lanceolate or oblong lanceolate acute or acuminate thickly coriaceous quite glabrous, buds very small subglobose, carpels subsessile ovoid or globose hoary.—Dunal Anon. 88; DC. Prodr. 1.88; 4. f.&7. Fl. Ind. 102; Thwaites Enum. 6; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t.78. U. coriacea, Vahl _Symb. iii. 72. U. lutea, Wail. Cat. 6462 (not of Roxb). U. Heyneana, W. & A. Prodr. 8 (not of Wall.). Quatteria Mala- barica, Dunal Anon. 1347 G. montana, DU. Prodr. i. 94. Maxapar, Travancor, and Ceyton. : A large woody climber; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 24-34 by 3-1} in., base acute, dark green and shining above, red or pale beneath; petiole very short. Flowers 1 in. diam., solitary or geminate, dull red; peduncles } in., terminal or leaf-opposed, tomentose ; bracts several, scaly. Petals oblong, acute. Carpels 4 in. 16. U. pauciovulata, H. f. & T. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above paler and scaberulous beneath eee on the strong nerves, racemes terminal few-flowered, carpels glo- ose mammillate tomentose long-stalked. Matacca, Maingay. A flexuous shrub; branchlets bracts sepals and petals externally brown-tomentose or seurfy. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 in., rigid, coriaceous, base rounded or cordate, nerves many spreading; petiole #y in. Flowers 14 in. diam.; peduncle short, stout, 1-3- flowered ; bracts orbicular; buds globose. Sepals 3 in., orvicular, connate to the middle. Outer petals 14 in., orbicular-oblong, very coriaceous, glabrous within ; inner as long, narrower. Torus flattish. Ovaries linear, wi'h stellate scales, base solid; style cylin- dric, stigma obtuse ; ovules 1-3 superposed. Carpels 12-15, 4-4 in. diam., 1-2-seeded ; stalk 4-3 in., slender. Seeds horizontal, compressed, testa shining. ** Flowers small, } inch or less in diameter, 17. U. micrantha, 4. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 103; leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous coriaceous, petiole very short, buds globose pubescent, carpels glabrous granulate. Guatteria micrantha, 4. DC. Mem. . 42; Wall. Cat. 6449. Polyalthia fruticans, A. DC. lc. 42; Wail, Cat. 6430. Eastern Peninsura; from Ava and Tenasserim, to Penang. : A large woody climber; young parts tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1} in., base acute, midrib above and under surface when young slightly hairy. lowers 4-4 in, diam., white; peduncles 1-3, 4 in., tomentose; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular. Sepals pubescent outside, persistent, not much imbricated. Carpels 15-20, 4-3 in., stalk as long. 18. U. sumatrana, H.f. & T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lan- ceolate membranous long-acuminate tip obtuse or acute glabrous, petiole very short, flowers minute fascicled. Anaxagorea sumatrana, fig. Fl. Ind. Batt. Suppl. i. 382. AnpaMAN Isuanps, Kurz. Branches slender, rough, young. brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 3-1} in., base rounded or subacute, midrib above tomentose; petiole very short, tomentose. lowers terminal or leaf-opposed, tomentose ; bracteole submedian, small, orbicular, tomentose, Sepals ovate, acute., Petals twice as long, bruad-ovate. 19. U. parviflora, 7. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 103; leaves oblong usually acu- minate membranous pellucid-dotted, petiole 1-4} in., buds minute globose, _ peduncles 1-4-flowered with several bracts. : ' BQ ‘ 52 Iv. ANoNACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Vvaria. Penane, Phillips. A slender woody climber; branchlets glabrous; buds tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 14-24 in., base acute, nerves reticulate. Flowers very minute; peduncle about 3 in, leaf-opposed or nearly so; bracts alternate; pedicels 4-4 in., puberulous ; bracteole submedian, linear-ollong. Sepals orbicular, pubescent. Petals ovate, acute. U. scrzrocarra, A. DC. Mem. Anon. 27; Wall. Cat. 6461, from Moulmein, is a very doubtful plant, of which the flower is unknown aud fruit immature. i 3. ELLIPEIA, H. f. & T. Characters of Uvaria, but differing in the oblong style, solitary ventral or subbasal ovule, and 1-seeded carpels.—D1sTRIB. Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago ; species 5 or 6é— Reduced to Uvaria by Baillon. 1. E. cuneifolia, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 104; leaves oblong or obovate- eblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers in terminal panicles, carpels tomentose oblong obtuse. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1025, Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay. Branches woody, brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coriaceous, base rounded or subcordate, shining above except the tomentose midrib; petivle jin. Pe- dicels 4 in., densely tomentose; bracts at each fork oblong or ‘ovate , bracteole' under the cal)x, orbicular. Flowers 14 in. diam., densely tomentose. Carpels 4-3 in., with a lateral mucro; stalk 1 in. 2. EB. ferruginea, 1. f. & T.; leaves oblong or obovate acute or obtuse appressed pubescent above densely stellate tomentose beneath, flowers solitary terminal or leaf-opposed, carpels stellate tomentose. Uvaria ferru- ginea, Ham.; H.f. & T. £1. Ind. 96. Forests of Ava at Meaday, Hamilton; and Prev, Kurz. Scandent; branches slender, brown-tomentose. eaves 3-6 by 14-34 in.; petiole: 4-} in., brown-tomentose. lowers 1}-14 in. diam., grey pubescent; peduncle 3-4in. ; bracts submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Sepals 4 in., broad-ovate, acute. Petals 3 in., oval. Carpels many, shortly stalked.—M. Kurz sends detached fruits, from which the description is taken, 3, EB. glabra, H. f. & T. ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acu- minate quite coriaceous glabrous on both surfaces, cymes axillary 3-5- flowered, carpels subglobose, stalk slender, Matacca, Maingay. A tree; branchlets and inflorescence brown-pubescent. Leaves 4-54 by 14-2 in., base rounded or acute, rigid above, hardly shining, beneath rather paler, veins stroug arched ; petiole j-§ in., glabrous. Flowers 14 in. diam., cymes 1-14 in.; peduncle very short; pedicels longer; bracteole oblong, 4-amplexicaul, recurved. Sepals 3 in., ovate- lanceolate, acute, recurved. Petals. flat, not clawed, outer 1 in. obovate-lanceolate, subacute ; inner shorter, obovate, obtuse. Ovaries glabrous below, solid and strigose above; ovule 1, erect (Maiugay). Carpels 3 in., walls thin; stalk 2-14 in., slender. Seed oblong, pale, girt with a deep longitudinal furrow.—Very different in habit from its congeners. 4, BH, nervosa, H.f. & T.; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong or lancevlate finely acuminate coriaceous glabrous pale, nerves beneath strong oblique, flowers solitary extra-axillary polygamous, carpels glabrous stalk stout. Matacca, Maingay. Branches stout. Leaves 6-10 by 24-3 in., base acute, nerves very oblique, faint above ; Ellipeia.| IV. ANONACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 53 petiole } in., thickened, glabrous. Flowers 3 in. diam., silky-pubescent, solitary, leaf- opposed ; peduncle short, stout; bracts basal. Sepals broad-ovate, obtuse. Petals spreading, imbricate (Maingay), outer obovate-oblong, obtuse; inner rather shorter, oblong. Stamens in g very many, in 9 few. Ovaries many, curved, top rounded. Unripe carpels 3 in, narrow-ovoid, curved, narrowed at either end, fleshy. 4, CYATHOCALYX, Champion. Trees, Leaves glabrous, Flowers fascicled terminal or leaf-opposed. Sepals free or united into a 3-lobed cup. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate in bud, subequal, bases concave conniving, blade flat spreading. Stamens indetinite, long-cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells linear, dorsal. Ovaries solitary (or 2-3 in C.? Maingay2), on a concave torus ; stigma large, peltate ; ovules many. Ripe carpels berried.—Disrrie. Tropical India ; species 3. 1. G. zeylanicus, Champ. ; H. f.&T7. Fl. Ind. 127; leaves oblong- lanceolate acuminate, calyx truncate remotely ,3-toothed, carpel oblong or subglobose. Thwaites Enum. 9; Beddome Ic, Pl. Ind, Or. t. 47. Central and southern provinces of Ceyton, Walker. A tree; branches glabrous; bark dark, buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-10 by 2-3 in., base acute; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-3, fascicled on a short woody peduncle, pale green; pedicels 4-1 in. Petals 24 by 14 in., brown-pubescent. Carpels 24 in. diam., berried. Seeds compressed, 1 in., sides tranversely rugose, testa, red-brown, bony.—We have removed the Mergui plant of Griffith (No. 1032) to the following. 2, GC. martabanicus, ZH. f/. ¢ 7. ; leaves ovate or oblong acuminate, calyx acutely 3-lobed to the middle, carpel oval. Forests of Psau, Tenassertmm and Marrapan. A tree; branches smooth, glabrous, young puberulous. Leaves 6-8 by 2-4 in.; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-3 together, leaf-opposed; pedicels very short, pubescent. Calyx pubescent. Petals 3-1 in., inner shortest and narrowest. Carpel 3 by 14 in. 3. C.? Maingayi, H./.& T. ; leaves glabrous broad-elliptic or elliptic- oblong, tip 4 in. abruptly caudate linear obtuse, buds subglobose silky, carpels very large thick subglobose sessile. : Matacca, Maingay. A tree; branchlets nearly glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 in., base obtuse or sub- acute, membranous, beneath concolorous, nerves slender ; petiole ,-¢ in. Flowers 2 in. diam., several on a short pubescent axillary bracteate peduncle. Sepals almost free, ovate, acute, densely pubescent. Outer petals obovate, rusty pubescent ;, inner rather smaller and narrower. Connective not prolonged. Ovaries 2-3; ovules 10, 2-seriate. Carpels 2-34 by 13-3 in., subverrucose, pubescent, at length glabrous. Seeds many, broad, flattened, imbricate in 2 series; testa bony.—Referred to near Artabotrys and Cananga by Maingay; a very doubtful member of this genus. Petals valvate below, imbricate above. 5. ARTABOTRYS, R. Brown. Sarmentose or scandent shrubs, Leaves shining. Flowers solitary or fascicled, usually on woody usually hooked recurved branches (peduncles). Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, bases concave connivent, limb spreading, flat subtevete or clavate. Stamens oblong or cuneate ; connective truncate or produced ; anther-cells dorsal. Zorus flat or convex. Ovaries few or many ; style oblong or columnar; ovules 2, erect, collateral, Ripe carpels berried.— Distr, Tropical Africa and Eastern Asia. 54 Iv. ANONACEH. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Artabotrys, * Limb of petals broad lanceolate or elliptic oblong. 1. A. odoratissimus, FR. Br. in Bot. Reg. 423, not of Blume ; leaves oblong or lanceolate glabrous, petals glabrous when expanded, carpels gla- brous, Wall. Cat. 6415; W.& A. Prodr.10; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 128, A, hamatus, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 60, t.29, 31 C. Unona hamata, Dunal Anon. 06, t.17; DC. Prodr.i. 90. Uvaria odoratissima and hamata, Aoxb, Fi. Ind, ii. 666. : Southern parts of the Wesrern Pentnsuua, and in Ceyxon; cultivated throughout India.—Distars. Java, §. China. ‘ A glabrous shrub; branches long. Leaves 2-8 by 1-2 in. Flowers yellow, solitary or geminate. Petals 1-12 in., nearly equal, young pubescent, especially at the base. Carpels obovate-oblong, yellow, odorous. 2. A. Kurzii, H./. & T.; leaves obovate-oblong obtuse or obtusely mucronate or elliptic and acute at both ends, glabrous except the pilose nerves and midrib, flowers on solitary slender (not hooked) peduncles, petals grey-pubescent, carpels glabrous. Forests of Peau, Kurz. : Shrubby, sarmentose ; young parts brown-tomentose. Leaves 24-6 by 14-2} in, shinirg above, pale below; petiole 4 in. lowers extra-axillary; peduncle 4 in., strigose. Sepals 4 in., triangular, acuminate. Petals about 14 in., limb oblong, sub- acute or obtuse, grey-pubescent ; inner rather shorter. Carpels (unripe) many.—The peduncles, which are not hooked in flower, may become so in fruit. 3. A. zeylanicus, H, f. & T. Fl. Ind. 128; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute or obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncle leaf-opposed, sepals as broad as long, petals tomentose, carpels tomentose. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 48. Forests of Matasar, Canara, Central and Southern Ceyton. A woody climber; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 4-6 by 14-24 in., petiole 4 in. Flowers brown-tomentose; pedicels 4 in., pubescent. Sepals puberulous, } in. long. Petals 14-13 in., inner shorter and narrower; limb flat, lanceolate. Carpels broad obovoid, mucronate. 4, A. crassifolius, 1.7. & 7. ; leaves elliptic or oblong obtuse subacute or obtusely mucronate, coriaceous glabrous or pilose beneath, petiole very thick, peduncles reflexed woody, petals and carpels densely tomentose. Eastern Prnrnsova, from Martaban, Brandis, to Malacca, Griffith. A large woody climber; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 6 by 24-3 in., base acute or obtuse, lucid above, pale and strongly nerved beneath ; petiole 4 in., glabrous. Pedicels 3 in., brown-tomentose. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals densely tomentose ; the latter 14 by 14 in., inner shorter and half the width. Ovaries sparingly hairy ; style cylindric. Carpels many, 1} in., obovoid, very thick, glabrous, granulate; stalk hardly any. 5, A. pleurocarpus, Maingay mss. ; leaves elliptic or oblong lanceo- late or oblanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous glabrous, flowers fas- cicled, peduncles falcate, petals subequal elliptic-oblong obtuse, ovaries gla- brous, carpels pubescent broad elliptic, Matacca, Maingay. ' _A scandent shrub; branches slender, glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 18-2 in., base acute, ale, finely reticulate on both surfaces, nerves slender, spreading ; petiole 1} in. eduncles 4 in., densely pubescent. Sepale % in., broad-ovate, obtuse or tae, bene oa a ome on gee a z ae in., inner rather smaller. Connective apiculate. Ovaries many, slender. Carpels 3 in., mammillate. narrowed into the short stout stalk. Seeds 2, testa ooo eee Artabotrys.] iv, ANONACEE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) BB ** Lamb of outer or all the petals linear, narrow-oblong or subclavate. 6. A. speciosus, Kurz mss, in Hb, Kew. ; leaves oblong obtusely acu- minate thick rigid glabrous, peduncles flattened woody reflexed, outer petals linear-lanceolate tapering from the base, inner much narrower, ovaries glabrous. Awpaman Istanps, Kurz. Scandeut; bark grey, rugged, reticulate; leaf-buds silky. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in, shining above, dull beneath; petiole} in. Flowers fascicled towards the end of the pubescent peduncles. Sepals + in., ovate, acute or acuminate, thick, rigid, puberulous outside, glabrous within. Outer petals 2 by 4 in., appressed pubescent, claw concave ; inner much contracted above the orbicular concave claw, narrow-linear. Torus stri- gose. Fruit unknown. 7. &. Maingayi, H. f.é T.; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous tip caudate, petiole slender, peduncle falcate glabrous, outer petals linear-oblong, inner rather smaller, ovaries glabrous, carpels sessile glabrous. Matacca, Maingay. Branches black, glabrous, slender. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., thin, concolorous and finely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers 1 in. diam., fascicled;, peduncle 4-14 in., hoary-pubescent. Sepals #5 in., obtuse. Outer petals 1— 3 by 4-4 in., obtuse, concave ; base small, suborbicular; inner smaller and narrower. Ovaries 3-4, ovoid. Carpels 24 by 14 in., elliptic globose, mammillate, yellow, walls thick. Seeds 2, plano-convex, testa stony. 8. A. caudatus, Wall. Cat. 6417; leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate glabrous, peduncles short woody recurved many- flowered, outer petals narrow-linear not contracted above the square claw. Ef. & T. Fl. Ind. 129. Kuasia Hits, Wallich. A woody climber; old branches glabrous, young pubescent, Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., membranous, shining; petiole in. Sepals short, acute. Petals 1} in., flattened, tomentose; inner similar, rather smaller.—Only known from Wallich’s specimen in Herb. Linn. Soc. ; 9, A. burmanicus, Alph. DU. Mem. 36; leaves oblong obtusely caudate- acuminate softly pubescent beneath, peduncles woody usually 1-flowered tomentose, limb af petals subulate 3-quetrous, carpels glabrate. Wall. Cat. 6428; Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind, 129. Ropalopetalum uniflorum, Grif. Motul. iv. 717. Ava, Wallich; Tenasserm, Griffith. , : A large woody climber; branches slender, young tomentose. Leaves 3-7 by 1-24 in., membranous, glabrous above, except the midrib, nerves subhirsute beneath. Flowers about 4 in. long; peduncles obliquely leaf-opposed, old woody and hooked. Petals grey- pubescent. Carpels 2 in. obovate-oblong. 10. A. suaveolens, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon, 62, t. 30, 31 D; leaves ob- long-lanceolate acuminate shining above glabrous on both surfaces or sparsely hairy on the midrib beneath, peduncles woody recurved many- flowered, flowers fascicled bracteolate, limb of petals cylindric or sub- clavate, carpels sessile smooth. Wall. Cat. 6416; A.f. & T. Fl Ind, 129. Unona suaveolens, Blume Bijd. 17. From Sumet to Manacca.—Disreis, Eastwards to the Philippines. ; A large woody climber ; branches dark, striate, young silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-1} in, base acute, pale beneath; petiole } in. Flowers about 3 in, long, yellowish, odorous ; bracts subulate, deciduous. Petals grey-pubescent. Carpels small, oblong. 56 IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Drepananthus, 6. DREPANANTHUS, Maingay mss. Treés. Leaves large, pubescent beneath. Racemes short, fascicled on woody truncal tubercles. Sepals 3, nearly free. - Petals 6, valvate, 2-seriate, subequal ; bases concave, connivent ; limb erect or spreading, broad or narrow. Stamens many, cuneate, truncate ; anthers linear, cells lateral ; connective not produced. Ovaries 4-12; stigma subsessile; ovules 4 or more, 2-seriate. Carpels globose, several-seeded. 1. D. pruniferus, Maingay mss.; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate rusty-pubescent beneath, sepals nearly equalling the petals, limb and base. of petals nearly equal, both broad obtuse. Matacea, Maingay. ° A tree; branches stout, woody, pubescent. Leaves 8-12 by 4-5 in., base obliquely rounded or cordate, very coriaceous, opaque above, veins many, strong’; petiole 4 in,, very stout. Flowers 1 in. diam., rusty tomentose peduncles 4-1 in., stout, scarred, pedicels ? in., stout; bract oblong, median. Sepals 3 in., broad-ovate, acute. Petals constricted in the middle. Ovaries 8-12, silky; ovules many. Carpels 14 in. diam., sessile, pruinose. Seeds horizontal. 2, D. ramuliflorus, Maingay mss.; leaves oblong obtuse pubescent. beneath, sepals much shorter than the petals, limb of petals slender linear much longer than their broad base. Matxacca, Maingay. A lofty tree. Leaves as in O. prunifertis, but tip more obtuse, base less cordate. Flowers 4 in. long; peduncles densely crowded, very short; pedicels zy in., equalling the broad ovate acute sepals, both rusty pubescent. Petals with a pale silky base, and incurved grey terete: obtuse limb, grooved on the inner face: Ovaries 6-10, pilose, es Carpels (ripe?) 3 in., sessile, obtuse, densely silky-tomentose; walls thic : 7. CANANGA, Rumph. Tall trees. eaves large, Flowers large, yellow, solitary or fasci¢led on short axillary peduncles. Sepals 3, ovate or triangular, valvate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, subequal or inner smaller, long, flat, valvate. Stamens linear, anther-cells approximate extrorse ; connective produced into a lanceolate acute process (truncate in 3? monosperma). Ovaries many; style oblong (or 01); stigmas subcapitate; ovules numerous, 2-seriate. Aipe carpels many, berried, stalked or sessile. Seeds many, testa crustaceous, pitted, sending spinous processes into the albumen.—Dtstri. All Malayan.— Reduced to Unona by Baillon (Hist. Pl. i. 209), but besides the marked characters of flowers and stamens, ovules and seeds, the habit is very dif- ferent. Baillon also retains the name of Vananga for the American plants erroneously referred by Aublet to Rumph’s Cananga, 1, G. odorata, H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 130; leaves ovate-oblong finely acu- minate puberulous beneath, petals 3 in. subequal narrow-linear, carpels glabrous long-stalked, Uvaria odorata, Lamb, Ill. t. 495, £.1;.Roab. Fl. Ind. u. 661; Wail. Cat. 6457; W. & A. Prodr. 8; Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 9; ' Grif. Notul. iv. 712. U. farcta, Wall. Cat, 6460. U. axillaris, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 667. Unona odorata and U. leptopetala, Dunal Anon. 108 and 114; DC. Prodr.i, 90 and 91; Deless. Ic, Sel. t. 88. Ava and Tenasserit, Wallich—Disteis. Java, Philippines. Cultivated throughout India and the tropics. Cananga.] Iv. ANONACER, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 5? A tall tree; trunk straight; bark smooth, ashy; shoots glabrous. Leaves 5-8 by 2-3 in., most puberulous on the veins beneath, base rounded, margins waved ; petiole gin. Flowers 3 in. long, usually 3-nate, drooping, yellow, odorous; peduncles solitary or several from old scars; pedicels 1 in., recurved, hoary, with a few basal and a median soaly bract. Petals 4 in., base broad, silky when young. Carpels about 12, $-3 in., ovoid or obovoid, black, 6-12-seeded. : 2. C. virgata, H. f. é T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong obtusely acuminate, petiole and_nerves beneath pubescent, inner petals much smaller than the outer, carpels sessile densely tomentose. Unona virgata, Bl. Bijd.14; Miquel a ae ed, Ind. i. pt. 2, 42. Uvaria virgata, Bl. Fl. Jav. Anon, 43, t.19 and Matacca, Maingay.—Disrri. Java. _ A large tree; branches rather slender, pale, ultimate puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in., base subacute, thin, pale, membranous, above hardly shining, midrib puberulous and nerves faint, below conco:orous, midrib arching, nerves distidct; petiole }-3 in, pubescent. Flowers 3-1 in. diam., greenish-brown, 3-nate, axillary, tomentose. Sepals Z in., ovate-lanceolate, acute. Petals subuilate-lanceolate from a broad base; inner flat above, concave below with glabrous red ridges. Connective of outer stamens truncate, of inner with a long recurved beak. Ovaries 4-6, hirsute; ovules many, 2-seriate ; stigma sessile. Torus conic, truncate, hairy. Carpels 2-3 in., ovoid-oblong, top rounded,. walls very thick; base contracted. Seeds many, horizontal, 2-seriate. 3.2 C. monosperma, Hook, /. & T. ; branchlets and leaves quite gla- brous, leaves elliptic obtuse acute or obtusely acuminate, nerves many slender nearly horizontal, park pubescent, outer broad oblong, inner oblong- lanceolate, carpels small glabrous mammillate short-stalked 1-seeded. Mauacca, Maingay. A tree; branches slender, pale; branchlets and buds glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in., thin, coriaceous, base subacute, concolorous, petiole } in. lowers axillary, 2 in. diam., solitary, cerauous ; peduncle }-3 in., glabrous, curved, bract basal. Sepals broad-ovate, very small. Petals hoary, obtuse, inner as long but much narrower than the outer. Anthers truncate. Torus convex, hairy. Ovaries very many, silky; style 0; ovules several, sub-2-seriate. Curpels 4 in., very obliquely globose, or broader than long; walls thin, stout. Seed a little compressed, shining, pitted. 8, CVATHOSTEMMA, Griffith. A shrub. ? Flowers subglobose in much-branched axillary pendulous cymes from the old wood. Sepals 3, connate, hirsute. Petals 6, 2-seriate, short, base fleshy, inner rather smaller, all valvate at the base, tips imbricate. Torus flat, margin convex. Stamens many, linear ; anthers subintrorse, pro- cess of connective oblique incurved. Ovaries many ; style cylindric, gla- eee notched; ovules many, 2-seriate. Ripe carpels turgid, many- seeded. 1. G. viridiflorum, Grif. Notul. iv. 707; Ic. iv. t. 650; leaves obovate- oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate or apiculate glabrous. Easrern Peninsuna, Griffith; Penana, Maingay; Norrs Anpaman, Kurz. Wood remarkable (Griffith Notul. l.c.), aromatic, pith small, wood cruciately Alobed. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded or subacute, petiole A-} in. Flowers 4 in. diam.; cymes brown-tomentvse; bract submedian, oblong. Sepals broader than long. Petals acute, base contracted, of inner most. so, tomentose, granular. Ovaries densely tomentose. Carpels 1-14 in., oblong, smooth, glabrous; stalk as long, stout.— Kurz’s specimens have leaves only, but these and the wood agree with Griffith’s. 58 IV. ANONACEH, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Unona, 9, UNONA, Linn. Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing. Flowers often solitary, axillary terminal or leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate or open in estivation, 2-seriate; 3 inner sometimes absent. Torus flat or slightly concave, Stamens cuneate ; anther-cells linear, extrorse, top of connective subglobose or truncate. Ovaries numerous ; style ovoid or oblong, recurved, grooved ; ovules 2-8, 1-seriate (rarely sub-2-seriate). Ripe carpels many, usually elongate and constricted between theseeds, Seeds few or many. Distriz. Tropical Asia and Africa; species about 25, Sect. I. Desmos, 7. f7.¢é 7. Petals 6. * Flowers axillary. 1. U. elegans, Thwaites Enum, 398 ; erect, leaves narrow oblong-lanceo- late long-acuminate glabrous, glaucous beneath, petals glabrous (when mature), carpels deeply constricted between the seeds. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, t. 50. Forests of Hinidoon, Pattoo, Czeyton, Thwaites. ‘ A much branched shrub or tree; branches rugose, slender; young golden silky. Leaves 3-54 by 4-1f in.; petiole } in. Peduncle }-} in., slender; bracts 1-2, minute. Sepals 4 in., ovate, acute, glabrous. Outer petals 14-13 in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, pubescent when very young only; inner narrower, shorter. 2, U. zeylanica, H./. & T. Fl. Ind. 132 ; erect, leaves narrowly oblong- lanceolate acute or obtusely taper-pointed coriaceous glabrous, petals glabrous, carpels constricted between the seeds. Thwaites Enum. 9; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 74. Central province of Ceyton, ascending to 3000 ft., Walker, &c. A small glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft., bark grey, rugged;. young buds pubescent. Leaves 5-8 by 1}-2 in., base acute; petiole $ in. lowers yellow-green, base red inside; peduncles 1-3, 4 in., bracts minute, deciduous, basal. Sepals small, oblong-lanceolate, puberulous. Petals 14 by 3 in., coriaceous, lanceolate, inner shorter and narrower. Carpels stalked; joints 1-4, ovoid. 3. U. Dunalii, Wail. Cat, 6425; climbing, leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous shining above glaucous beneath, petals glabrous, carpels constricted between the seeds. H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 131 (excl. the Concan plant). Forests of Currracone at Sitakund, A.f.& 7.; Penane, Wallich. A large glabrous climber, bark spotted white. Leaves 3-43 by 4-2 in., with scattered hairs on the midrib beneath, base rounded cordate or acute; petiole ae Flowers pale yellow ; peduncle 2-flowered, pubescent ; bracts 2-3, basal, scaly. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals 14 in., lanceolate ; inner shorter, narrower. Ovules 4-6. Carpels of 1-3 ovoid joints.—The Concan specimens referred here in Fl. Ind. are referable to U. discolor var. levigata, having leaf-opposed peduncles. . 4, U. pannosa, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 207 ; erect, leaves ovate-lanceolate glabrous above pubescent beneath, petals tomentose, carpels ovoid not constricted between the seeds. H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 135; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 52. Uvaria mollis, Wall. Cat, 6475. Forests of Concan, Dalzell ; and Travancor, Wight, &c. A tree; young parts puberulous. Leaves 2}-4 by 3-14 in., thin, pellucid-dotted, base rounded or acute. Flowers brown-tomentose; peduncles very short; bracts 1 or more, scaly. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals 14-2 in., lanceolate, inner narrower and shorter. Ovules 2-4. Carpels 3 in., subsessile, obtuse at both ends, pubescent, Seeds 1-3, large, shining. Unona.] Iv. ANONACER, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 59 ** Flowers solitary, extra-axillary, terminal, or leaf-opposed. 5. U. dumosa, Roxb. Fi. Ind. ii. 670; climbing, leaves oblong or obovate obtuse or acute glabrous above tomentose beneath, peduncle 1-flowered, sepals cordate, petals large obovate-spathulate, carpels con- stricted between the seeds. Wall. Cat. 6429; H. f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 131. Forests of Sumer, Roxburgh, &c.; Matacca, Maingay. A woody climber ; branchlets brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-23 in., brown or yellow beneath, thin, parallel-nerved, base rounded or cordate; petiole in. Flowers large, pendulous, yellow-green ; peduncles 1-14 in., terminal or leaf-opposed, slender, tomentose; bract submedian, small, ovate, tomentose. Sepals 4 in. broad, acute, nerved. Petals 3 by 1-14 in., broad-spathulate, nerved, inner rather smaller. Carpels (according to Roxburgh) of 2-3 1-seeded joints. 6. U. Desmos, Dunal Anon. 112; shrubby, leaves oblong acute or acuminate, glabrous above finely pubescent beneath, peduncle 1-flowered slender, sepals ovate acuminate, petals 1 in. broad ovate-lanceolate, carpels constricted between the seeds. H, f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 134; U. cochin- chinensis, DC. Prodr. i, 91. U. pedunculosa, Alph. DC. Mem. 28; Wall. Cat. 6422. U.fulva, Wall. Cat. 6427. From Assam to Sincarore, Wallich.—Duistrrim. Cochin-China. A spreading shrub; branches slender, white-dotted, young golden-silky. Leaves 3-8 by 14-3 in., thickly coriaceous, midrib above slightly hairy, base rounded; petiole } in., pubescent. Flowers large, pale yellow, odorous, pendulous; peduncle 2-8 in., usually 4-4 in. above the axil; bracts submedian, linear-oblong, deciduous. Petals coria- ceous, appressed, pubescent, nerved, outer 2} by 1 in., inner shorter and narrower. Ovules 4-6. Carpels stalked ; joints 1-6, glabrous, subglobose. 7. WU. discolor, Vahl Symbd. ii. 63, t. 36; shrubby, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute glabrous above sometimes pubescent beneath, pe- duncle 1-flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals } in. broad lanceo- late from a broad base, carpels moniliform. DC. Prodr.i.90; Wall. Cat. 6420 (partly) ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 669; W. & A. Prodr.9; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 133; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 51. U. cordifolia, Roxb. #1. Ind. ii, 602% U. Dunalii, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 131 (the Concan plant); Dalz. & Gibs, Fl. Bomb. 3 (not of Wallich). Tropical forests from Srxxm, Assam, and Srumet, to Arracan and Matacca, Orissa, and Concan.—Disrriz. Malayan Archipelago (all the forms). A spreading or sarmentose shrub; branches slender, leafy ; young pubescent, rough with white tubercles. Leaves 2-8 by 1-24 in., shining above, glaucous beneath, base rounded or subcordate; petiole in. Flowers yellow, odorous ; peduncles 1-2 in., leaf- opposed or nearly so; bract submedian, oblong or lanceolate, deciduous. Petals 2 in. or more, silky pubescent or glabrate. Ovules 5-6. Carpels stalked, joints 1-6, fleshy. Var. 1. pubiflora; leaves 5-7 in., oblong acute base often cordate, flowers silky. Var. 2. laevigata; leaves 3-4 in., oblong or lanceolate acute base ronnded, flowers almost glabrous.—U. chinensis, DC. Prodr.i. 90. U. undulata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. t. 265.—Perhaps cultivated only in India, common in the Archipeiago and China. Var. 3. pubescens ; leaves as in a, but densely pubescent beneath, -_ Van. 4. latifolia; leaves 3-5 by 2-24 in., broad-oval acute, flowers silky. 8. U. Lawii, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 132; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate thin glabrous above pale and downy beneath, peduncle 1- flowered slender, sepals ovate-lanceolate, petals not jin. broad narrow from a broad base, carpels moniliform. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 73. Matasar, Wight; Concan, Law. A woody climber?; branches slender, young softly pubescent. Leaves 2-44 by 2-1} in., puberulous above when young only, base rounded or slightly cordate ; petiole 1 in. pubescent. Flowers solitary; peduncle 1 in. leaf-opposed or nearly so, bract 60 Iv. ANonacEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Unona. submedian, oblong, minute. Sepals pubescent outside. Petals 2-3 in., very long and narrow, base broad orbicular, appressed-pubescent, inner a little longer. Ovules 2-3. Carpels short-stalked, joints 1-3, ovoid. 9. U. latifolia, H. f. & 7. ; arboreous, leaves broad-oval or orbicular obtuse or mucronate glabrous above softly grey-tomentose beneath, pe- duncle very short, sepals connate at the base ovate acute, petals subequal oblong acute contracted at the base. Hill forests of the Saluen river, Marrapan, Brandis. — A large tree ; branchlets grey-tomentose. Leaves 2-4in., base truncate or subcor- date; nerves many, oblique, parallel; petiole 4-4 in. J’lowers appressed-silky, densely fascicled; peduncle with usuafly a small submedian oblong nerved deciduous bract. Sepals 3 in., striated. Petals 1} in. Ovules 3-4. fruit unknown. 10. U. viridiflora, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 34, t. 158 ; climbing, leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate appressed pubescent beneath, peduncle slender with a cordate bract, sepals ovate free, petals narrow lanceolate. Anamallay forests in Travancor, Beddome. . A A gigantic climber; branchlets golden-pubescent, Leaves 3-5 by 14 in., mem- branous, base rounded or cordate, above at length glabrous, whitish beneath ; petiole 4-}in. Pedunele axillary or supra-axillary, 1-2 in.; bract pubescent, median, deci- duous. Flowers 24-3 in. long, bright green. Sepals } in., membranous, nerved. Outer petals 23-3 by 4-§ in., inner rather shorter and narrower, all membranous, nerved, reticulate, silky—Described from Beddome l.c. *** Flowers solitary at the base of a leafy shoot. 1l, U. preecox, H. f. & T. Fi. Ind. 136 ; arboreous, leaves broad lanceo- late acuminate, flowers pendulous from a slender naked peduncle, sepals linear-oblong acute, petals linear glabrous. = Miku hills in Upper Assam, Simons. ‘A tree; branches slender. Leaves (very young and thin) 2-3 in., probably much larger when mature. Flowers trom the axils of fallen leaves; peduncle 1 in. Sepals Zin. long. Petals 23-3 by in. Ovary glabrous; ovules 2-3.—A remarkable species of which we have seen but one specimen.. *¥** Flowers fascicled on woody abbreviated truncal shoots or tubercles, 12. U. stenopetala, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 136; leaves oblong-lanceolate broadest above the middle acute or acuminate glabrous above pale beneath, .sepals subconnate below narrow-linear, petals subequal very narrow linear. Movutmein and Sincarore, Lobb. A tree; young branches rather pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 14-18 in., base oblique ake ert along the midrib beneath; petiole 4, in. Peduncles $-} in., with 1-2 small asal scaly bracts. Sepals pubescent. Petuls 2-8 by 4 in., puberulous. Ovaries 4-7, villous; ovules about 5.—The Javan habitat cited in Flora Indica is erroneous, the species having been collected at Sincapore. 13. U. caulifiora, HZ. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 137 ; leaves lanceolate or linear- oblong acute orlong acuminate glabrous and shining above brown-pubescent beneath, sepals ovate-lanceolate tomentuse, petals narrow linear. Stvcapore, Lobb. A tree?; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 5-6 by 14-13, base rounded ; petiole 25 in. and midrib tomentose. Peduncles 3 in. tomentose. Sepals 4in. Petals 24 by 4-3 in, dull red, inner rather narrower. Ovules 3 or 4. 14. U. pyenantha, H. f.¢ 7.; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above, midrib puberulous beneath, sepals ovate, petals } in. subequal linear obtuse, bases ot inner concave. Unona. | IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 61 Matacca, Maingay. Branchlets rather stout, pubescence pale yellow-brown. ZLeaves-6-9 by 24-3} in., firm, coriaceous, pale-brown on both surfaces, base obtuse or rounded, beneath pale with prominent lax arching veins; petiole ¢ in., pubescent. Flowers 4-3 in. diam., tubercles 1-1) in. diam. ; peduncles } in., and sepals brown pubescent; bracts 0. Sepals 4 in., acute. Petals 4-3 in., hoary silky outside, glabrate inside, base not dilated, flat; inner pil narrower, base concave. Torus columnar, flat-topped, glabrous. Ovules 2, super- posed. 15. U. erinita, Z. f. & T. ; branches densely tomentose, leaves oblong elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong acuminate glabrous, midrib and nerves pubescent beneath, sepals ovate lanceolate, petals 6 in. subequal narrow strap-shaped, carpels globose velvety. Mauacca, Maingay. Branches slender; pubescence long, soft, spreading, rufous. Leaves 4-9 by 14-24 in., membranous, pale, base 2-lobed, nerves very indistinct, puberulous chiefly on the pro minent nerves beneath; petiole #; in, tomentose. lowers in dense masses, crinite from the numerous pendulous petals; peduncles 4-}in., and sepals rusty tomentose ; tubercle 1-2 in. diam.: bract 0, or linear and infra-median. ‘Sepals 2 in.,’ spreading, subulate from a broad ovate base. Petuls } in. broad at the dilated base, flat and again dilated and as broad about the middle, finely pubescent, 1-nerved, acuminate; inner a little shorter and narrower. Torus clumuar, truncate. Ovaries strigose ; ovules 3-5, L-seriate ; stigma punctiform. Carpels 3 in. diam., rufous ;- stalk very short. 16. U. desmantha, H./. dé T.; branchlets softly pubescent, leaves elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate or oblanceolate acutely or obtusely acuminate puberulous beneath, sepals ovate, petals 1-1; in. subequal linear obtuse, carpels globose. Manacca, Maingay. . A small tree ; pubescence soft, pale yellow-brown. Leaves 3-7 by 13-2 in., base subacute, coriaceous, opaque above, nerves obscure, beneath paler, nerves distinct oblique; petiole 4 in. tomentose. Flowers 24 in. diam., pale red, densely crowded ; tubercles 1-2 in. diam.; peduncles 3 in., puberulous, bract 0. Sepals 75 in., acute, Petals sparsely hoary, tapering to the tip, base not dilated; inner rather narrower. Stamens, torus and ovaries nearly as in U. pycnantha, but ovules 3-5, superposed. Carpels 4 in. diam., dark, glabrous; stalk 1-1} in. Sect, Il Dasymaschalon. Petals 3; inner series wanting. 17, U. longiflora, Roxb. I. Ind. ii. 668; shrubby, leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong acute or acuminate glabrous glaucous beneath, petiole slender, peduncles axillary 1-flowered, sepals small, petals 6 in. long cohering by their margins. Wail. Cat. 6419; H.f..& 7. Fl. Ind. 134. f Assam, the Kuasia aitxs below 3000 ft., and Currracone. eer sparingly branched glabrous shrub or tree; buds golden-silky. Leaves 6-15 by 2-4 in., pellucid dotted, base rounded or acute ; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers elon- gated, silky when young, soon glabrons; peduncle 1-10 in.; bracts subbasal, linear, minute, pubescent. Sepals rounded, mucronate. Petals 3, narrow-linear, 4 in. broad at base, taper-pointed. Ovules 2-4. Carpels stalked, moniliform ; jointe 1-4, ovoid or oblong. 18, U. Dasymaschala, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 55, t. 27; shrubby, leaves oblong acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous above glaucous beneath, petiole very short, peduncle axillary 1-flowered, sepals small silky, etals 9-3 by 4 in. linear from a broad base.—Alph. DC. Mem. Anon, 28; Vall, Cat. 6421; H.f. & T. Fil. Ind. 135. INCAPORE, Wallich, &c.—Distris. Sumatra, Java. ri gers Se er shrub; bark dark; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 62 IV. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Unona, 5-9 by 2~4 in., usually broadest above the middle, red-brown beneath ; petiole 2, in. Flowers pendulous; peduncles 1-2 in., slender, top subclavate ; bracts 1 or more, mi- nute, basal. Petals appressed-pubescent, young silky, keeled internally. Ovules 6-7. Carpels moniliform, joints oblong. aR. 1, Blumei; branches glabrous, leaves pale below glabrous or nearly so.—U, . Alphonsii, Wall. Cat. 6426. . ‘ak. 2. Wallichii; branches brown-tomentose, leaves glaucous and purple-tinged below.— Wall. Cat. 6241. 10. POLYALTHIA, Blume. Trees or shrubs; habit of Unona. Sepals 3, valvate or subimbricate, Petals 6, 2-seriate, ovate or elongated, flat or the inner vaulted. Torus con- vex. Stamens cuneate; anther-cells extrorse, remote. Ovaries indefinite ; style usually oblong ; ovules 1-2, basal and erect, or subbasal and ascending. Rupe carpels 1-seeded, berried.—Distr1B. Tropical Asia and (1 sp.) Aus- tralia ; species about 30.—Reduced to Unona by Baillon (Hist. des Plantes, 212) probably with good reason. Sect. I. Monoon, Miquel. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. Ovule solitary, basal, erect. : a Flowers axillary or in the old leaf-axils or on woody tubercles. * Petals linear. 1, P. longifolia, Benth. & H. f. Gen. Pl. i. 25; branches glabrous, leaves narrow lanceolate glabrous taper-pointed undulate, flowers sub- umbelled, petals 3-1 in. long. Guatteria longifolia, Wall. Cat. 6442; W. d& A. Prodr..10; Wight Ic. t.1; Hf. d T. Fl. Ind. 139; Thwartes Enum. 10. Uvaria longifolia, Zam. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 664. ; TansorE, Wight; drier parts of CeyLoy.—Cultivated throughout the hotter parts of India. A lofty tree; branches slender. Leaves 5-8 by 1-2 in., membranous, base acute rarely rounded, shining above, pellucid-dotted ; petiole 3-3 in. lowers 1umerous, dense, yellow-green ; peduncles 4 in. or less, hoary ; pedicels 1-2 in., densely racemose, slender ; bracts minute, linear, basal. Petals narrow-linear. Carpels 3 in., ovoid, obtuse at both ends; stalk 4iu., stout, glabrous. 2. P. bifaria, Benth. & H. f. l.c.; young branches softly pubescent, leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous above downy beneath, flowers solitary. Guatteria bifaria, 4. DC. Mem. 41; Wall, Cat. 6447; H. f.& 7. Fi. Ind. 139, Prev, Wallich. A tree. Leaves 5 by 14 in., base acute, pellucid-dotted; petiole in. Petals linear- lanceolate. Carpels ovoid, long-stalked.—Wallich’s solitary specimen is in Herb. Linn, Soc. and is flowerless. A. De Candolle describes it as differing from P. cerasoides only in the linear petals. We suspect it to be a mixture of the flower of P. simiarum with the foliage of P. cerasoides. 3. P. coffeoides, Benth. & H. f. l.c. ; branches glabrous, leaves lanceo- late or oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed undulate glabrous, flowers solitary, petals 1-1; 1n. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 53, Guatteria coffeoides, Thwaites Enum. 10; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 141, Forests of the Wynaap, Beddome; and Cryton, Thwaites. A tree; branches spreading. Leaves 4~7 by 1-24 in., membranous pellucid-dotted ; petiole tin. lowers greenish-yellow, rarely on woody tubercles of thet Tonk; peduncles 4-14 in., downy, articulate at the base. Sepals suborbicular. Petals broadly linear- Polyalthia.| Iv. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 63 lanceolate, glabrous. Carpels nearly 1 in., ovoid, glabrous, dark purple; stalk their own length. 4, PB. fragrans, Benth. & H. f. l.c.; young branches hoary, leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or puberulous beneath, pedun- cles few- or many-flowered, petals 14 by in. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, t.54. Guatteria fragrans, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ, Bot, iii, 206; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 142. Forests of Matanar, Wight; Sourn Concan, Law, &c. A tree. Leaves 4-9 by 2-5 in., membranous, lateral nerves many oblique close-set and parallel ; petiole 4-3 in. lowers fragrant ; peduncles in the axils of failen leaves or on woody ramal tubercles, cymose, usually many-flowered, tomentose ; pedicels 1 in., slender ; bract orbicular, infra-median. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals linear, hoary. Carpels 1} in., broad-ovoid, hoary, walls thin brittle; stalk as long.—There are in Hb. Wight. detached petals apparently of this species upwards of 2 in. long. 5. P. simiarum, Benth. & H. f.l.c.; branches glabrous, leaves ovate-. oblong or oblong, lanceolate quite glabrous, flowers fascicled, inner petals 1-liin. Guatteria simiarum, Ham. ; Wall. Cat. 6440; H.f. & 7, Fl. Ind. 142. G. fasciculata, Wall. mss. Voigt Hort. Sub. Cale. 16. Forests of Assam, Srnet, Peau, and Marranan, Hamilton, Wallich, &c. A tree; buds puberulous. Leaves 4-8 by 2-5 in., membranous ; lateral nerves close, parallel; petiole -3 in. lowers in the old axils or on woody tubercles; peduncles 1in., slender, hoary, naked above; bracts 1-2, scaly, basal. Sepals very short, orbi- cular. Petals linear, puberulous, glabrous within, outer 4 shorter than the inner. Carpels 14 in., ovoid, fleshy, glabrous, orange; stalk as long. 6. P. hypoleuca, H. f. & 7. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate obtusely acuminate, shining above white beneath, flowers solitary or fascicled, sepals obsolete, petals subequal 3 in. narrowly linear-oblong obtuse. Sincarore, Maingay.—Disrrm. Borneo? : : Branches pale, youngest puberulous. Leaves 24-6 by 1-1] in., base acute, thick, rigid, pale and nerveless above, midrib beneath puberulous, nerves many obscure sub- horizontal; petiole 2,-$ in. Flowers small, axillary, suberect ; peduncle #5 in., stout; bracts 2, basal, cucullate. Sepals forming an inconspicuous disk, Petals hoary on both surfaces, base concave, nut dilated. Torus conical. Ovaries about 6, pubescent. Carpels 3 in., elliptic-oblong, top rounded, glabrons, shining, walls thin ; stalk short, slender. Seed grooved and pitted. Other (imperfect ?) carpels are mammuillate with ‘longer thicker stalks and contain a stony pitted nucleus, connected with the walls by stout fibres. Very near U. hypoglauca, Miq., of Sumatra, but carpels elliptic-oblon and twice as long. ps ** Petals ovate or ovate-lanceolate or elliptic. 7. P. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 399 ; young branches brown-tomen- tose, leaves elliptic- or obovate-oblong abruptly taper-pointed glabrous bove midrib and veins pubescent beneath, flowers 1-3 on woody tubercles, peels 2 by lin, thick. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 57. aa Near Ratnapcora in Cexton, Thwaites. . a A tree; bark silver-grey. Leaves 6-12 by 23-3 in., shining above, pale beneath ; nerves strong, parallel; petiole 2-3 in. Flowers 3-4 in, diam., greenish-yellow; pedicels 1 in., stout; bract submedian, densely tomentose, Petals 2 by 1 in., broad- Janceolate, thickly coriaceous, pubescent, strongly nerved when dry. Carpels often as large as a cherry ; broad-ovoid, tomentose ; stalk as long. 8, P. cerasoides, Benth. & H. f. l.c.; young branches tomentose, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above softly pu- 64 Iv. ANoNACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Polyalthia, bescent beneath, peduncles on axillary tubercles 1-3-flowered, petals 3 in, Uvaria cerasoides, Roxb. Corom, Pl. i. t. 33; Fl. Ind. ii. 666. Guatteria cerasoides, Dun. Mem. Anon. 127'; DC. Prodr.i. 93; Wall. Cat. 6436; H.f. . & T. Fl. Ind. 139 ; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 3. Dry forests on Eastern exposures, from Bear to Travancor, Hamilton, Wight, &e. A tree; bark light-grey; branches glabrous with age. Leaves 3-8 by 1-2 in., mem- branous, base. acute or rounded, dark green above. Peduncles j, in., woody ; pedicels 4-1 in., slender, with a few basal imbricating scales, and sometimes 2-3 oblong or ovate bracts }-4 in. long. Petals ovate-oblong, dirty green, thickly coriaceous. Carpels size of a small cherry, dark-red ; stalk 1 in. 9. P. Korinti, Benth. & H. f. le. ; young branches glabrous or sub- pilose, leaves variable ovate to elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate.coriaceous glabrous, flowers axillary solitary, inner petals 3 in, oval. Guatteria Korinti, Duna ; DC. Prodr.i. 94; W. dé A. Prodr. 10 ; Wight Ic. t. 398; H. f.d T. Fi. Ind, 141. G. acutiflora, Wail. Cat. 6438 excl. D. Wesrern Prnrnsua, from Vizagapatam, Cleghorn, southwards; warmer parts of CryLon, very common. A spreading shrub; bark grey. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., firmly coriaceous, pellucid- dotted, shining above, glabrous or sparsely pilose on the midrib beneath, strongly reti- culate; petiole $ in. Peduncles 1-2 in., strigose, bract submedian. Petals thickly coriaceous, inner rather the longest. Carpels 4 in., subglobose. 10. P. Jenkinsii, Benth. & H. f. lc. ; young shoots brown-tomentose, leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, flowers axillary solitary rarely geminate, outer petals 1$ by }in. Guatteria Jenkinsii, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind, 141. : Forests of Assam; Sinner; Eastern Preninsuta; Anpamans, Kurz.—Distap. Sumatra. A tree; branches spreading, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by 14-24 in., firm, shining above, pale beneath, base rounded acute or oblique; petiole 4in. Flowers large, spreading ; pedicels 4-1 in., erect, bracts 2-3, scaly, basal, and a mesian and an apical one which are oval and deciduous. Petals broad-lanceolate, narrowed to a claw, thinly coriaceous, inner shorter and narrower. Carpels 3 in., oblong, glabrous; stalk as long.—Nearly allied to Monoon canangioides, Miq. ll, P. nitida, Benth. & H. f- lc. ; young branches puberulous, leaves oblong or lanceolate glabrous obtuse or acute, bracts 4-amplexicaul, sepals connate to the middle, petals 1 in. long. Guatteria nitidi, A. DC. Mem. 41; Wall. Cat. 6489; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 143, Tavoy, Wallich; Sincapors, Lobb. A tree; bark grey, rugged, dotted with white lenticels. Zeaves 8-12 by 3-5 in., thinly coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath, nerves strong, oblique; petiole }—4 in. Flowers axillary ; pedicel 1 in., bracts 1-2, oval, submedian. Sepals 4 in., orbicular, ubescent. Petals oval, thickly coriaceous, tomentose, inner a little shorter. Carpels arge, subglobose, stalked.—F'lower described from the Sincapore specimen, the fruit from Tavoyan. : 12. P. magnoliefiora, Maingay mss, ; branchlets rusty-tomentose, ee Ls & enced shovetchlong obtusé or acuminate glabrous except the midrib above membranous, base cordate, bracts 3-amplexicaul, sepals connate to the middle, outer petals elliptic, ? Q7amp. aul, sepals Matacca, DMaingay. A tree; branches stout. Leaves 10-13 by 3-5 in., opaque above, beneath paler, nerves strong many arched; petiole 4 in., stout. lowers large " preenish-white} peduncle short stout curved; bracts broad-ovate acute. Sepals’ silky tomentose. Outer petals fleshy, concave, hairy, tips imbricate; inner 2-2} in., oblong, constricted Polyalthia.) Iv. ANoNACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 65 in the middle. Torus glabrous. Ovaries hirsute. Carpels (unripe) 14 in., ovoid or oblong, gibbous, pubescent, beaked ; stalk stout.—A magnificent species, referred to a new genus in Maingay’s mss. Colour, odour, &c. of flower like a Magnolia. 8. Flowers extra-axillary on the terminal branchlets, or on small truncal tubercles, 13. P. biglandulosa, Benth. ¢ H. f. l.c.; young branches silky, leaves elliptic or oblong acute or acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent beneath, basal margins recurved and glandular, peduncle solitary leaf- op eet aera biglandulosa, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. t. 51; Hifi 7. , dnd. 143. Maxacca, Grifith, &c.—Distrrs. Sumatra and Malay ‘Archipelago. A scandent shrub. Leaves 4-6 by 14-3 in., shining above, glaucous beneath, base subacute; nerves 7 on each side, strong, curved, rather distant, parallel; petiole 4 in, Flowers unknown. Carpels 1 in., oblong, mucronate, dark purple, subglabrous ; stalk a little longer.—Griffith’s specimens correspond to Blume’s description and to Miquel’s var.a. Carpels 1-seeded according to Miquel. 14. PB. suberosa, Benth. & H. f. l.c. ; young branches pubescent, leaves oblong obtuse glabrous above puberulous beneath, peduncles 1-2 on a short woody extra-axillary tubercle, petals 4 in. long. —Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 56, Uvaria suberosa, Roxb. Cor, Pl. it. 34; Fl. Ind. ii. 567. Guatteria suberosa, DC. Prodr. i. 93; Wall. Cat. 6437; W. & A. Prodr. 10; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 140. Forests of Bexeat, the Western Peninsuia, Tenasserim, and Certon.—Distr. Java? Philippines.(this or a closely allied species). A small tree or shrub; bark corky, rugged, grey; young branches slender, often spotted white. Leaves 24-5 by 1-13 in., usually obtuse at both ends, or base sub- oblique, thin, glabrous beneath in age; petiole 7, in. Peduncles 4-1 in., solitary, rarely geminate, pubescent, bracts inframedian. Sepals small, pubescent. Petals 4 in., oval, silky outside, red-brown, outer shorter. Carpels pisiform, young silky, ripe glabrous ; stalk their own length. 15. P. sclerophylla, H. /. & T. ; glabrous, leaves oblong or ovate or linear-oblong obtusely acuminate rigid reticulate and shining on both sur- faces, peduncles fascicled on small truncal tubercles, sepals ovate, petals ’ linear-oblong obtuse inner rather smaller. Mauacca, Maingay. _ Atree. Leaves 6-8 by 13-2} in., base rounded or acute, nerves conspicuous and midrib quite glabrous on both surfaces; petiole 4 in. Flowers 2 in, diam., greenish ; tubercles 4-1 in. diam., globose ; peduncles 1-14 in., stout, rusty-pubescent; bracts small median, orbicular. Sepals short obtuse. Petals 14 in., base slightly concave, puberulous on both surfaces. Torus broad, flat, border raised. Ovaries pilose, shorter than the cylindric style. Carpels 1-1 in., elliptic oblong, obtuse at both ends, walls thin, smooth; stalk as long, slender. Seed oblong, testa fibrous shining pale. _Sxct. Il, Bupolyalthia, Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals flat. OQvules 2, superposed, subbasal, ascending. * Flowers extra-axillary, often leaf-opposed. 16. P. cinnamomea, H. /. & 7. Fl. Ind. 138; young branches brown tomentose, leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate glabrous above, young pubes- cent beneath, peduncles solitary or geminate, petals } in. oblong acute. Guatteria cinnamomea and G. multinervis, Wall. Cat. 6444 and 6445. VOL. I. : F 66 Iv. anonacE®. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Polyalthia. Prwanea and Sincarorz, Wallich. : 3 A tree; bark grey, rugged. Leaves 6-10 by 2-84 in., tapering downwards from the middle or above it, base obtuse or subcordate ; petiole % in. Peduncles }-} in., extra- axillary, brown-tomentose ; bracts scaly, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Petals thick, ‘silky outside. Carpels 1 in. diam., globose, short-stalked, densely brown. tomentose. 17. P. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 9; young branches pubescent, leaves subsessile lanceolate long acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath, peduncles solitary slender glabrous, petals small inner suborbicular. Bed- dome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 83. : At Caltura and Regiam Corle in Ceyton, Thwaites. A shrub, 8-10 ft.; branches slender. Leaves 2-6 by 3-2 in., tapering to the ob- liquely rounded base, thin, midrib pubescent beneath ; petiole not zy in. lowers red, 3 in. diam.; pedicels 1-13 in., often leaf-opposed. nearly glabrous; bracts 3, minute, glabrous. Sepals small, ovate, acuminate. Outer petals acute; inner larger, sub- orbicular, obtuse. Oarpels pisiform or oblong, reddish, short-stalked, 1—2-seeded. 18, PB. rufescens, H. f & T.; young branches densely tomentose, leaves subsessile narrow-oblong acute or acuminate, base obliquely cordate glabrous except on the midrib beneath, peduncles solitary stout tomentose, petals din. ovate-oblong. Cochin in Matazar, Wight. A tree. Leaves 3-7 by 1-13 in., shining above, pale below; petiole glabrous. Flowers 4-3 in. diam., brown- tomentose ; peduncles 4-1 in., often leaf-opposed, jointed and minutely bracteate at the base. S¢pals small, broadly ovate, acute. Petals obloug, subacute, thick, outer twice? as big as the inner. Ovaries densely silky. 19. P. persiceefolia, Benth. & H. f. lc. ; young branches pubescent; leaves subsessile lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous above puberulous beneath, peduncles solitary or fascicled pubescent, petals 4-3 in. long. Bed Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 55. Guatteria persicefolia, H.f. d& 7. Fl. Ind. 140. Czyton, near Galle, Champion. A shrub. Leaves 2-4 by 3-1} in., firm, coriaceous, ‘base slightly oblique, pale be: neath; nerves inconspicuous; petiole hardly 3, in. Peduncle very short, woody, extra- axillary, 2-3-flowered ; pedicels 3-4 in. Sepals ovate, acute, substrigose. Petals sub- orbicular, thickly coriaceous, appressed-pubescent, inner much the largest. Carpels about 10, pisiform, granulate, puberulous; stalk very short; torus small. __ 20, PB. macrophylla, H. f. & 7. ; young branches tomentose, leaves lanceolate taper-puinted rigid glabrous and shining above softly pubescent beneath, flowers solitary subsessile. Guatteria macrophylla, Blume Bijd, 19; #1. Jav. Anon. 96. G. brevipetala, Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 381. Moura, Falconer; Axpamans, Kurz—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. A tree. Leaves 6-9 by 2-2 in., thickly coriaceous, almost silvery beneath with sub- stellate pubescence; nerves distant, prominent, arched, looping within the margin; petiole 4-3 in., tomentose. Peduncles +, in., generally 4 in. above the leaf axil; bracts strigose. Sepals ovate, acute, strigose. Petals 4 in., oblong, acute, strigose, glabrous inside; inner rather larger, very concave. Torus conical. Fruit unknown.—The two flowers we have examined are male. Miquel describes his as bisexual; Blume does not say which; so this character is possibly not constant. ** Flowers axillary or in the axils of old leaves. 21. P. caulifiora, Hf. é 7. Fl. Ind. 138 ; branches glabrous, leaves lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous above, nerves and midrib beneath downy, flowers 2-3-fascicled in the old axils, peduncles slender downy, petals 1 in. linear. Uvaria cauliflora, Wall. Cat, 6476, Polyalthia.] Iv, ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 67 “Sincapors, Wallich. A much branched tree; buds tomentose. Leaves 8-6 by 1-13 in., narrowed to the subobtuse base, nerves reticulate; petiole 4-4 in. Peduncles 14-2 in, filiform, downy ; bracts basal Sepals ovate, subacute, appressed pubescent. Petals of equal length; coarsely villous, outer rather broader. Torus cylindric, truncate. Ovaries strigose. Frutt unknown. 22, B. obliqua, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 138 ; young parts puberulous, leaves subsessile linear-oblong obtusely acuminate base cbliquely cordate shining ai glabrous on both surfaces, peduncles solitary, petals + in. oblong ' obtuse. Matacca, Griffith. A tree; branches twiggy, slender, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 1-14 in., tapering to the base, firm, coriaceous, paler beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers } in. diam., axillary; peduncles 3-1 in.; bract submedian. Sepals small, orbicular. Petals subequal, thickly coriaceous, silky outside. Carpels pisiform, dark brown; stalk 4 in. ; Sect, IIL Trivalvaria, Miquel. Inner petals very concave or vaulted. 23. P. costata, H. f. & T.; young branches tomentose, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate ur acute rigidly coriaceous glabrous above silvery and downy beneath, flowers solitary shortly peduncled. Uvaria costata, Wall. Cat. 6480. Guatteria costata, H. f.é T. Fl. Ind, 143. Marrasan, Wallich. A tree. Leaves 5-6 by 14-24 in., base acute, deep green above; nerves oblique, nearly straight, nervules conspicuous. Peduncles } in., extra-axillary. Sepals ovate, persisteut in fruit, subconnate at the base. Fruit unknown.—A very imperfectly known species. 294, P. argentea, H. f. & T. > branches glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceo- late acute or acuminate glabrous or both surfaces silvery beneath, peduncles 1-8 on short woody tubercles. Guatteria pallida, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind, 143 (not of Blume). Forests of Assam and Sinner, H. f. & T. A shrub; branches spreading, young hardly puberulous, Eeaves 4-8 by 14-23 in, base rounded or acute, thin, coriaceous ; nerves distant, arched; petiole 4 in. Flowers supra-axillary, minute, polygamo-diccious; g as in P. macrophylla, but smaller; 9 with many densely pubescent ovaries and a few imperfect stamens; bracts many, minute, strigose. Carpels many, % in., oblong, granulate, glabrous; stalk 3 in.—An apparent congener of P. marophylla, but the flowers are so young that it is hardly useful to introduce the details given in Flora Indica. » 25. P.? aberrans, Maingay ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceo- late taper-pointed membranous glaucous beneath nerves faint, flowers subter- minal, petals orbicular-ovate outer largest, carpels small oblong 2-seeded. Maxacca, Maingay. . A climbing shrub; branches black, slender. Leaves 4-5 by 13-19 in. rather ‘shining above, nerves spreading reticulate on both surfaces; petiole § in., slender. Flowers 1 in. diam., erect; peduncle 14 in., slender; bracts minute, median or infra- median. Sepals } in., broad-ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Outer petals 4 in., pubescent on both surfaces; inner ovate, acute, very concave, tips imbricate in bud. Ovaries pilose ; cell far above the base; ovules 1-2, superposed. Carpels 3-4 in., elliptic-oblong, cylin- dric, smooth, purple, top rounded, walls thin. Seeds 2, superposed.—Referred also doubtfully to Hilipeia by Maingay, from whose mas. the description of the flower is taken. F2 68 Iv. ANonNACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Polyalthia, Guarrerta Memprawacea, 4. DC, Mem. Anon. 41; H. f. & T. Fi 2. < er of which there are no specimens in the Wallichian Herbarium, is no doubt a Polyalthia, differing from P. nitida apparently only in the slightly pubescent leaves. ll. ANAXAGOREA, St. Hilaire. Trees or shrubs. Flowers small, greenish, leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, valvate, connate at the base. Petals 6, subequal, 2-seriate, valvate, thin, flat. Torus convex. Stamens indefinite ; anther-cells extrorse or sublateral ; connective with a terminal process. Ovaries few or many ; style variable ; ovules 9, subbasal, collateral, ascending. Ripe carpels follicular ; stalk clavate. Seeds 1-2, exarillate, testa shining—Dusrri. Tropical Asia and America ; species about 6, 1, A. Iuzonensis, A. Gray, Bot. U. S. Expl. Eaped. 27; glabrous, leaves membranous oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, flowers solitary leaf- opposed, bracts 1-2 amplexicaul. A. zeylanica, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 144; Thwaites Enum, 10 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 46. Tropical forests of Pecu, Raneoon, the AnpaMans, Matacca, and CeyLox.— Distr. Philippines. Ashrub. Leaves 3-6 by 1}-2 in., base acute, light green, paler beneath; nerves. distaut, oblique; petiole 3 in. Flowers 1 in. diam.; peduncle 4 in. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals ovate or oblong. Stamens all similar and fertile. Ovaries 2-4, ovoid- oblong. Carpels 14 in., spathulate, obtuse, obliquely mucronate, glabrous, rather rugose.—Allied closely to A. javanica, Blume, which has 8-10 carpels and elongated inner stamens. 12, POPOWIA, Endl. Trees. Flowers small, extra-axillary or leaf-opposed. Sepals 3, ovate, valvate. Petals 6, valvatein 2 series ; outer like the sepals, spreading ; inner thick, concave, conniveut, acute or tip usually inflexed. Stamens indefinite or subdetinite, short, cuneate ; anther-cells dorsal, remote. Carpels about 6, ovoid ; style large, oblong or subclavate, straight or recurved ; ovules 1-2 on the ventral suture, rarely 1 basal erect. ape carpels berried, globose or pre stalked.—Distris. About 8 species, Asiatic, African, and Aus- tralian. 1. P. Beddomeana, JZ. /. & T.; leaves membranous lanceolate or oblong-lancevlate long acuminate lower ovate acute smooth above granulate and tomentose on, the veins beneath, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals larger than the inner. P. ramosissima, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 75 (excl. synon). » Mountains of Travancor, Beddome. A much branched tree; young parts densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by 14-21 in., lower 2 by 1 in., base acute, smooth above; petiole very short. luwer- buds 4 in. diam., globose, villous ; peduncles #;-4 in., tomentose ; bract median. Sepals acute, connate below. Petals thick, glabrous inside, densely tomentose outside ; outer very broad ovate; inner convex, tip not inflexed; claw broad, short. Stamens inde- finite. Ovaries 4-5 ; ovules 1-2. 2. P. ramosissima, H./. & T. Fl. Ind. 105; leaves ovate or oblong acute glabrous above tomentose on the midrib and veins beneath, flowers leaf-opposed, outer petals smaller than the inner, Quatteria ramosissima, Wall. Cat. 7294, 8006. Popowia.] Iv. ANoNACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 69 Penane, Wallich. A spreading much branched tree; bark glabrous; young parts brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, base rounded; petiole 3; in., tomentose. Flowers solitary or geminate, minute, globose; pe:luncles ,—} in.; bract small, submedian. Sepals ovate, pilose. Outer petals smaller than the sepals, ovate; inner ovate, acute. Stamens about 18. Carpels many, densely strigose ; ovules 1-2. 3, P. Helferi, H./.& T. ; leaves narrow-oblong abruptly acutely or ob- tusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous on the midrib beneath, flowers. extra-axillary ? outer petals smaller than the inner. King’s Island, Tenassenim, Helfer. A small spreading tree ; branchlets coarsely hairy. Leaves 24-5 by 1-14 in., base rounded or suboblique ; petiole 3, in., subpilose. Fowers minute, globose; peduncles ir in., tomentose. Sepals and (rather larger) outer petals ovate, strigose; inner petals orbicular, concave, densely strigose, tip inflexed. Stamens 15. Carpels 6, densely strigose ; ovule solitary, subbasal—We have examined but one bud. 4, P. pauciflora, Maingay mss. ; branchlets strigose, leaves elliptic- lanceolate finely acuminate membranous minutely granulate midrib and veins beneath sparsely appressed pilose, flowers extra-axillary, outer petals much smaller than the inner, carpels pisiform, Matacca, Maingay. Branches slender, dark-grey. Leaves 5-7 by 14-2 in., base acute, surfaces similar opaque ; nerves very oblique ; petiole 7, in. lowers } in. diam., solitary or in pairs, outside the leaf-axil, rusty-strigose; peduncles 4-} in.; bract basal. Sepals minute, ovate. Outer petals like the sepals, glabrous inside ; inner thrice as large, suborbicular, concave, tip inflexed. Stamens many. Ovaries 6, gibbous, strigose; style subclavate ; ovule erect. Carpels pisiform, subsessile, glabrous, purple. Testa rugose. 5. BP. foetida, Maingay mss. ; branchlets tomentose, leaves elliptic- lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous above tomentose beneath, flowers axillary outer petals a little smaller than the inner, carpels very large. Mauacca, Maingay. ee A large tree ; branches pale, leaves beneath petioles inflorescence and carpels covered with yellow-grey tomentum. Leaves 5-7 by 2-2¥in., base acute, thin, firm with midrib above puberulous; nerves many, strong beneath, reaching the margin; petiole 3— in., thickened. Flowers 4 in. diam., buds globose ; peduncles Jin. Sepals minute, obtuse. Outer petals elliptic-ovate, obtuse, yellow ; inner smaller, base excavated, margin thick, triquetrous, apiculate. Stamens about 30, connective produced backwards. Ovaries about 6, strigose, 2-ovuled ; style rather slender. Carpels 2-3 by 14-2 in., sessile, oblong, cylindric, top rounded, 1-seeded. Seed 14-2 in., oblong; testa bony, smooth, 6. P. nervifolia, Maingay mss. ; branchlets densely tomentose, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate substrigose on the short midrib and nerves beneath, flowers extra-axillary 2-3-nate silky villous, outer petals like the sepals half as large as the inner, carpels 4 in. Mauacca, Maingay. i : Branches ‘lech Pronchista rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., firm, coria- ceous, base subacute, opaque, under-surface pale; nerves prominent, rather remote, very oblique ;, petiole 4-4 in., rusty-pubescent. — lowers. 3 in, diam., peduncles 4-4 in., stout, clothed with large ovate obtuse clasping hirsute bracts. Sepals orbicular-ovate. Petals broadly elliptic-ovate, very thick, outer 4 in., inner coriaceous, tip 3-quetrous, glabrous within, Ovaries many, slender, hirsute; ovule 1, erect. Carpels many, } in., elliptic- oblong, smooth, apiculate, walls thin ; stalk short stout, Seed oblong, testa pale shining. —Allied to Xylopia in the conniving triquetrous inuer petals. (Maingay). 70. Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Poponia, 7. P. tomentosa, Vaingay mss. ; branchlets and leaves beneath softly hirsute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate puberulous above, base cordate, flowers small extra-axillary softly villous, outer petals larger than the inner. : Mazacca, Maingay. . A tree; pastor A Taek rugose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., rather thin, opaque, dirty een above, pale and greenish beneath under the soft brown hairs; petiole } in. icwers } in. diam., subsessile Sepals broad-ovate, connate, hardly larger than the sepals. Outer petals suborbicular, very thick, glabrous within; inner smaller, very concave, obovate, connivent. Torus flat. Stumens about 25. Ovaries 7-9, glabrous ; style equalling the ovary; ovules 2 superposed. Ripe? carpels 4-{ in. diam., globose, hairy, at length glabrous, smooth, blood-red, 2-seeded; stalk } in., stout. 13. OXWYMITRA, Blume. Climbing shrubs. eaves parallel-nerved, nervules transverse, not form- ing intra-marginal loops. Féowers leaf-opposed or extra-axillary. Sepals 3, valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows, outer large, long, flat or triquetrous and narrow, leathery, more or less spreading or connivent ; inner much smaller, ovate-lanceolate or oblong (long and narrow in O. steno- etala and glauca), conniving over the stamens and ovaries, Stamens many, near-oblong or cuneate, truncate ; anther-cells dorsal, remote (small and ovoid in O. glauca). Ovaries oblong, strigose ; style oblong or clavate, re- curved ; ovules 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Ripe carpels 1-seeded, stalked.— Distr. About 18 species, Asiatic and African. 1. O. latifolia, H. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 145 ; leaves ovate or obovate obtuse, base cordate glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, peduncles 1 brac- teate in the middle, carpels long-stalked pubescent. Penang, Phillips; Mauacca, Maingay. A large woody climber, branches rusty-tomentose. Leaves 6-12 by 4~7 in., coriaceous, shining above, tomentose on the nerves and midrib beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers supra-axillary ; pedicel 3-4 in., rusty-tomentose ; bracts ovate or oblong. Sepals orbi- cular, connate into a 3-lobed cup. Outer petals 1-14 in., tomentose, ovate-lanceolate, tips triquetrous; inner 3 in., broad-ovate, shortly clawed. Carpels red-purple, golden- pubescent. Ripe carpels red-purple. 2. O. Maclellandii, Z. f. & T. ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute, base rounded or subcordate, above glabrous except the midrib, beneath glaucous and appressed pubescent, peduncle ebracteate. Raneoon, Maclelland, &c. A large (climbing ?) shrub, young branches appressed tomentose, old glabrate. Leaves 8-10 by 24-3 in, covered above with microscopic scales, reddish beneath ; petiole } in. flowers supra-axillary, solitary; pedicel: } in., appressedly brown-pubescent. Sepals 3 in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals 14 in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; inner 4-¥in., oblong, connivent, flat, with a slight oval basal concavity. Ovaries oblong, densely strigose ; style oblong. 3. O. affinis, H. f. & T. ; branchlets densely rusty-tomentose, leaves oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or subacute, base cordate, above opaque and puberulous, beneath glaucous and rusty-pubescent, peduncle bracteate in the middle, sepals foliaceous, carpels elliptic pubescent shortly-stalked. Matacca, Maingay. Branches black, Leaves 5-9 by 2-3} in., thin; nerves rusty-pubescent above, beneath distinct spreading ; petiole }in, Flowers supra-axillary, nodding, solitary, 1 in, long ; Oxymitra.] IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 71 peduncle 4 in. short, curved; bracts large, orbicular, veined. Sepals 3 in, orbibular- ovate, acute, veined, tomentose, twice as broad and half as long ag the ovate-lanceolate triquetrous acute outer petals, which are excavated at the base, pubescent outside, glabrous within. nner petals glabrous, rather, shorter than the outer, connate into an cone yd oe short. Ovaries 1-ovuled. Carpels } in., acute; stalk short—Near 4, O. stenopetala, H. /. & T. ; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends, glabrous above glaucous beneath, petals all long and narrow, Marrasan, Falconer, A woody climber ; young branches and flowers appressed-pubescent. Leaves 9-12 by 2-3 in. Flowers.supra-axillary. Sepals 14 in., ovate, acute. Petals tapering from an ovate base to a long fine point, outer 2 by 4 in., inner } shorter, connivent.—Habit of the genus, but differs in the long inner petals. - 5. O. unoneefolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves oblong abruptly caudate-acuminate glabrous and shining above very glaucous beneath, earpels oblong stalked glabrous. Guatteria unonefolia, A. DC. Mem. 41; Wall. Cat. 6435. TENAssERIM, at Tavoy, Wallick. : A woody glabrous climber; buds with appressed golden pubescence. Leaves 5-7 by 2-3 in., base rounded or subacute; petiole 3-3} in. Peduncles extra-axillary ; flowers imperfect. Sepals persistent, broad-ovate, brown-pubescent. Carpels 5~6, apiculate, dark-brown ; stalk 4 in.—Referred here from its similarity in foliage, &c., to Ozy- mitra. 6, O. glauca, H. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 146; leaves oblong obtuse or acute at both ends glabrous very glaucous beneath, outer petals very long and narrow, carpels stalked small obtuse at both ends. Penane, Phillips ; Mauacca, Maingay. A slender glabrous (climbing ?) shrub ; buds slightly pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., base usually rounded. Sepals minute, acute, deciduous. Fruiting peduncles 1 in., almost leafopposed Outer petals 1 in., narrow-linear, triqnetrous; inner very small, triquetrous. Anther-cells ovoid, top of connective large, trapezoid. Ovaries hirsute ; ovule 1 erect; style curved, clavate. Carpels many, }in. diam., subglobose, dark-brown, smooth ; stalk as long. 7. O. fornicata, H. 7. & T. Fl. Ind. 146 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous above glaucous and hoary-pubescent beneath, carpels narrow-oblong mucronate short-stalked. Uvaria fornicata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 662. U. Roxburghiana, Wall. Cat. 6423 A (not B). Forests of Assam, Sinuet, Mereut, and Penana ? __ A climbing shrub, young branches leaves pedicels and carpels brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 1-2 in., base rounded; petiole gin. lowers pale yellow, supra-axil- lary; peduncles 3-2 in. ; bract median, oblong, deciduous. Sepals 4-3 in., ovate-lanceo- late, membranous, veined, appressed-pubescent. Outer petals 2 in., oblong-lanceolate, thin, tomentose, about 5-nerved; inner 3 in., ovate, acute, connivent. Carpels 3-3 in., stalk very short, stout. 8, O. filipes, H./. & T. ; branchlets slender and leaves beneath hir- sute, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles very long filiform, flowers very slender. Mauacca, Maingay. ; A climbing shrub; branches brown, clothed with soft spreading hairs. Leaves 4-6 by 1}-2 in., thin, base cordate, opaque above with slender puberulous veins, hardly glaucous beneath; petiole jin. lowers 2-2} in. long; peduncles 3-4 in., supra-axil- 72 Iv. ANONACEE#. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Oxymitra, lary, puberulous; bracts minute, median. Sepals } in., ovate, acute, rusty-pubescent. Outer petals with a short broad concave base, and almost filiform pubescent blade; inner 3 in., oblong, subulate-acuminate. Ovaries silky ; style short, stigma clavate ; ovule 1. Carpels 4 in., elliptic, beaked, red, walls thin, pubescent ; stalk $ in. 14, PHEANTHUS, H. f. & T. Trees or climbers, /Jowers solitary terminal or in extra-axillary fascicles, Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows ; outer small like the sepals ; inner large, flat, coriaceous. Stamens numerous, narrow-oblong, truncate or capitate, anther-cells dorsal, distant. Carpels numerous ; style clavate, grooved ventrally. Ovudes 1-2, subbasal, ascending. Kipe carpels stalked, 1-seeded—_Disrrip, Species 3, Malayan. 1. P. nutans, Z. f.¢é 7. Fl. Ind. 147 ; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous above except the midrib softly pubescent beneath, carpels oblong puberulous stalked. Uvaria nutans, Wall. Cat. 6481. U. tri- petala, Roxb, W, Ind. ii.667. U. ophthalmica, Roxb. ex Don Gren, Syst. i. 93. Mauacca and Sincarore, Waillich, &c.—Distrrm. Moluccas. A climber; young branches brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 13-2} in., base acute; petiole-4 in., pubescent. Flowers terminal or lateral, solitary or 2-3 together, fetid, yellowish, purple at the base inside ; peduncles 1-2 in., tomentose ; bracts several, small, linear. Inner petals 3-1 in., ovate-oblong, pubescent, 5-7-ribbed. Carpels 4 in., beaked ; stalks equal their length. : 22.8, malabaricus, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 76; leaves oblong- lanceolate taper-pointed glabrous except the midrib below, flowers axillary or coin solitary. Wynaad jungles, Mananar, Beddome. Young part ferruginous. Leaves 4-7 by 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate ; petioles very short, pubescent. Flowers 4-$ in. diam., red; peduncles 3-4 in.; bracts 2, minute, basal: Sepals orbicular-ovate, acute. Outer petals twice as large as the sepals, nar- rower ; inner twice as large as the outer, cymbiform, fleshy, inflexed tips contiguous. Style short, clavate; ovules 1-2 on the ventral suture.—Foliage of Goniothalamus. 15. GONIOTHALAMUS, Blume. Small trees or shrubs. Zeaves with small. nerves, forming intramarginal loops. lowers solitary or fascicled, axillary or extra-axillary ; peduncles with basal scaly distichous bracts. Sepals 3, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series; outer thick, flat; inner smaller, shortly clawed, cohering in a vaulted cap over the stamens and ovary. Stamens many, linear-oblong ; anther-cells remote, dorsal, connective produced into an oblong or truncate process, _ Ovaries many ; style simple or 2-fid ; ovules solitary or 2 super- posed, subbasal. Ape carpels 1-seeded.—Distrie. About 14 species, natives of Eastern tropical Asia and its islands. A very difficult genus (reduced to Oxymitra, in Baillon’s Hist. des Plantes, 237), many species of which require further study. The dimensions of the flower increase rapidly, and those given in the diagnosis are supposed to be the mature ones. —Th waites’ sectional characters taken from the persistence of the calyx and form of the style are probably the best, but not available in all the specimens at our disposal. I. Outer petals glabrous or very slightly pubescent. + Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; outer petals 11 in. or more, 1, G. Thwaitesii, 1. f.é 7. Fl. Ind. 106; leaves glabrous oblo obtusely acuminate, peduncles axillary, sepals broadly ovate obtuse ree Goniothalamus.| IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 73 sistent, outer petals broadly clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid shortl stalked. Thwaites Enum. 7 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 58, : Travancor, Wight ; Ceyton, alt, 2-4000 ft. A small tree; branches glaucous, leafy; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 34-6 by 1}-24 in,, coriaceous, dark-green above, paler beneath, margins subrecurved, nerves | subdistant ; petiole }-4 in, Flowers green ; peduncles 3-1 in., subclavate. Sepals } in., glabrous, reticulate when dry. Outer petals 13-14 in., glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to a rather obtuse tip; inner subsericeous ; cone of tips acute, 4 in. Carpels $-§ in., obtuse at both ends. 2G. Gardneri, H./. & T. Fl. Ind. 107; leaves narrow lanceolate glabrous, peduncles 1-2 axillary, sepals ovate acute persistent, outer petals hardly clawed, style subulate, carpels oblong subglabrous short-stalked.— Thoaites Enum. 7; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 60. Cxvton; in forests, alt. 2-4000 ft., Walker, &c. : A shrub, 8-10 ft.; branches leafy, glabrous; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 5-10 by 1-2 in,, coriaceous, dark-green and shining above, pale beneath, nerves close set ; petiole 4-hin. Flowers yellow-green ; peduncles j-4 in. Sepals glabrous, reticulate. when dry. Outer petals glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, longer and narrower than in G. Thwaitesii. Carpels 1 in. ; style subulate. 3. G@. Griffithii, 7. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 110; leaves oblong obtusely acu- * minate glabrous, peduncles axillary recurved, sepals large obtuse or subacute persistent?, outer petals long-acuminate scarcely clawed, style subulate, carpels subglobose glabrescent short-stalked. Mereul, Griffith. A tree ; branches glabrous, black or grey. Leaves 6-12 by 24-3 in., coriaceous, base acute, shining above, paler beneath ; petiole 4 in. Peduncles 4 in., axillary or from the old wood. Sepals 4-3 in., thin, reticulate when dry, connate below. Outer. petals 2-24 in., glabrous, lanceolate from a broad base; inner 4~% in.; cone sharp, tri- quetrous. Anthers with an acute process. Ovaries strigose; style long, subulate.. Carpels 3 in. diam. 4. G. Hookeri, Thwaites Enum 6; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong shortly obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or cauline, sepals’ broad acute persistent, outer petals not clawed, style subulate, carpels ovoid short-stalked, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 66. Ceyton; Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, alt. 1000 ft., Thwaites. : A small tree; branches glabrous. Leaves 6-13 by 24-5 in., thick, coriaceous, base acute or rounded, paler beneath; petiole 4-3 in. lowers pale green, solitary or fascicled ; peduncles 4-2in. Sepals 3 in., connate below, reticulate when dry. Outer petals 2 in., glabrous, broad-lanceolate, base rounded, slightly contracted above the. middle; inner tomentose within, cone 3 in. high. Carpels size of a small bean. tt Leaves oblong or lanceolate ; outer petals 1 in. or less, 5, G. sesquipedalis, 7. /. & T. Fl. Ind. 108; leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate abruptly obtusely acuminate glabrous margin recurved when dry, sepals ovate acute persistent, outer petals lanceolate, cone of inner long, carpels ovoid glabrous very short-stalked. Guatteria sesquipedalis, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii, t, 266; Cat, 6446. O. macrophylla, 4. DC. Mem. 42 (not of Blume) Wall. Cat. 6451. From Six«im to Assam, and the Kmasra niiis to Tewassenio. A glabrous shrub, 2-4 ft. Leaves 9-13 by 2-33 in., coriaceous, minutely pellucid- punctate, shining above, paler beneath; petiole 4 in, Jlowers greenish-yellow ; pe- duncles ;-} in., axillary or supra-azillary. Sepale fin., glabrous. Outer petals 1 in, 74 Iv. ANoNACEZ. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [G@oniothalamus, lanceolate, glabrous; inner pubescent; cone 2 in. Ovaries golden-strigose, narrow, equalling the cylindric recurved style. Carpels 3-4 or 8-10, 2 in., mucronate, granu- late, orange-red. 6. G. Walkeri, H.f & 7. FI. Ind. 109; leaves narrowly linear-oblong obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillaty, sepals ovate acute persis- tent, outer petals ovate-lanceolate, style clavate 2-lobed. Thwartes Hnum. 8 and 398. Cevton ; in the Singhe Rajah forest, Walker, &c. : : A small tree; branches glabrous. Leaves 10-13 by 2-5 in., coriaceous, base acute, very aromatic, dark green and shining above, pale beneath. Flowers red, sparsely pubescent; peduncles 74-4 in., axillary. Sepals 3 in., enlarging in fruit. Outer petals % in.; inner is in.—The fragrant roots contain camphor and are chewed by the Cinghalese.”—7 hw.—Very near to @, sesquipedalis. The description of the flower is taken from Thwaites. ttt Leaves obovate-oblong, widening upwards to above the middle, 7. G. Thomsoni, Zhwaites Enum. 7; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly long-acuminate glabrous, flowers solitary or binate axillary or truncal, sepals acute persistent, outer petals 14 in. lanceolate, style with 2 filiform segments, carpels ovoid short-stalked. Beddome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 59. Cryton; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, Thwaites. : { A small glabrous bush, 14-3 ft. Leaves 6-12 by 13-3} in., base acute, bright green above, pale beneath ; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellow, glabrous, often close to the ground; peduncles 4-2 in., slender, tip decurved. Sepals} in., lanceolate. Outer petals 14 in., taper-pointed, base rounded; cone of inner broad, 4 in. high. Ovaries elongate, equal- ling the style. Carpels 4 in., 1-seeded. 8. G. wynaadensis, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. i. 13, t. 61 ; leaves nar- rowly obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or truncal, sepals persistent ? outer petals } in. broad ovate, style elongate 2-lobed, carpels oblong. Atrategia, Beddome. Western Peninsuta; Wynaad, alt. 2500-5000 ft., Beddome. An erect shrub; shoots puberulous. Leaves 8-11 by 3 in., thin, membranous, base acute, shining above, paler beneath; petiole }-} in. Flowers 3-1 in. long, glabrate ; buds brown-pubescent ; peduncles g-+ in. Sepals orbicular, obtuse or acute. Outer petals conspicuously veined; inner half as long, vaulted. Torus and ovaries hairy; ovule 1. Ripe carpels 4-1 in. long, mucronate; stalk 4 in—We have seen but one specimen. 9. G. macrophyllus, JZ. /. dé: 7. ; leaves narrow-obovate-oblong acu- minate glabrous coriaceous, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals acute persistent, outer petals 1-14 in. oblong-lanceolate, style slender, carpels pisiform sub- sessile-—Polyalthia macrophylla, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 79, t. 39. Manacca, Griffith, Maingay—Distris. Java. ~ A shrub or tree; branches glabrous; bark grey. Leaves 10-18 by 3-5 in., coria- ceous, base rounded or acate, pale beneath; petiole 3-1 in. Flowers green, glabrous; peduncles 3-4 in., glabrous. Petals, outer acute or acuminate ; inner obtuse, ciliate, cone 4 in., depressed, triquetrons. Ovaries 12-18, glabrous, l-ovuled. Carpels size of a pea, ovoid, mucronate.—Our specimens are in fruit with a bud. IL Outer petals softly pubescent or tomentose. * Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong. 10. G. Simonsii, H. f. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 108; leaves narrowly obovate- oblong caudate-acuminate glabrous above brown pubescent beneath, pe- duncles axillary, sepals acute persistent, style cylindric, carpels oblong, Goniothalamus.| 1v. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 7 Knasia winus; alt. 2-3000 ft., Simons, &c. i A small tree; young branches, midrib and nerves beneath, peduncles and petals brown-tomentose. Leaves 9-15 by 3-5 in., nerves strong; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1-1} in. long; peduncles }-Jin. Sepals }in., ovate. Outer petals 14-2 in. long, oblong lanceolate; cone of inner 4 in. long, triquetrous, acute. Connective acute, glabrous. Carpels 4 in., on a much elongated torus, mucronate. ll. G. giganteus, H. 7. & T. Fl. Ind. 109; leaves oblong long and obtusely acuminate glabrous above puberulous beneath with a sharply keeled midrib, peduncles from the old axils, sepals broadly ovate obtuse, outer petals flat, style filiform, tip clavate Utgar se gigantea, Wall, Cat. 6469 A B (in part). Pevare and Sincarorz, Wallich, &c.—Drsrare. Philippines. Branches glabrous, white ; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 13-3 in., coria- ceous, base acute, dark-green and shining above, pale beneath; petiole 4 in. Flowers very large ; peduncles 1-14 in., subclavate, spreading or pendulous, puberulous. Sepals § in., ovate, subobtuse, pubescent. Outer petals 3-4 by 14-3 in., oblong, shortly clawed, pubescent on both surfaces; inner densely golden-tomentose, cone in. 12, G@. malayanus, H./.¢ 7. Fl. Ind.107; leaves narrow-oblong taper-pointed glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals connate to the middle acute, outer petals flat, style slender, carpels narrow-oblong glabrate stalked. Uvaria sp. Grif. Notul. iv. 710, Matacca, Griffith. Bark white; shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-9 by 14-3 in., base acute or rounded, shining and dark-green above, paler and lurid beneath; veins subhorizontal, faint; petiole 3-} in. Flowers greenish ; peduncles 4-2 in., deflexed, brown-silky. Sepals 4 in, broad ovate, pubescent. Outer petals 1 in., ovate-lanceolate, acute, clawed, young silky on both surfaces with a triangular glabrous basal area, back keeled ; inner united into a short acute tomentose cone. Ovaries silky ; ovules 3-5. Carpels 1 in., corky (golden-pubescent when immature); stalk din. Seeds 1-3, testa hispidulous ; funicle broad, flat.—G. Stingelandtii, Scheffer, of Java, is perhaps the same. 13. G. fulvus, 7. /. & T. ; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong obtuse or acute glabrous, peduncles axillary solitary, sepals free subacute, outer petals flat, style cylindric glabrous. Matacea, Griffith. Branches slender, black. Leaves 8-9 by 24-34 in., thin, glabrous, pellucid-dotted, base acute, nerves oblique; petiole 4 in., appressed-pubescent. lowers 1 in. long; peduncles 4 in., puberulous. Sepals lee broad ovate. Outer petals 14-2 in., lan- ceolate from a broad base, taper-pointed, brown-silky, slightly keeled on the back; cone din., short, triquetrous, obtuse.—F lower of @. malayanus ; leaves more like G. Simonsit. 14, G. cardiopetalus, H./.é 7. Fl. Ind. 107; leaves narrow-oblong or obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous margin waved, peduncles supra-axillary solitary or superposed, sepals orbicular freé, outer petals cucullate clawed, style slender 2-fid. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 62. Uvaria obovata, Heyne ea Wall, Cat. 6471. Polyalthia cardiopetala, Dalz, in Hook. Kew Journ, Bot. ii. 39, Atrategia Thomsoni, Bedd. Mountains of Canara, Heyne, &c. A small tree; branches slender, leafy. Leaves 6-9 by 2-3 in., thin, coriaceous, base acute, petiole Jin. lowers 1 in. diam. ; peduncles 3-3 in. Sepals small, pubescent. Outer petals $-% in., oblong, densely brown-tomentose ; inner 4 shorter, tomentose. ** Leaves lanceolate, _ 15. G, reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 7, 398 ; leaves lanceolate or very narrowly oblong acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigase 76 ‘Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Goniothalamus. beneath, peduncles supra-axillary, sepals broad ovate acute deciduous, style clavate 2-lobed, carpels oblong or globose rusty-pubescent. Beddome Ie., Pl, Ind. Or. t. 64. Ceyion ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, Thwaites. . A shrub, 6-8 ft.; bark black, young branches strigose. Leaves 6-11 by 1-2} in., | membranous, reticulate; petiole } in., deeply grooved, almost winged. Flowers % in., long, red- or yellow-brown; pedicels din., very slightly supra-azillary, deflexed’ Ovaries densely red-strigose, style large. Carpels 4 in. long, acute, 1-2-seeded; stalk % in. 16. G. salicinus, H./. & 7. Fil. Ind. 106 ; leaves narrow-lanceolate acuminate glandular-dotted glabrous above sparsely strigose beneath, pe- duncles shortly supra-axillary, sepals deciduous, style 2-lobed. T'hwaztes Finum. 7; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 65. Crynow; in forests near Adam’s Peak, alt. 2-3000 ft. : noe A shrob 10-12 ft.; branches dark, slender, leafy ; young parts, petioles, pedicels, and sepals densely brown strigose. Leaves 3-44 by 4-1 in.; petiole Jin. Flowers yellow- brown or -red; peduncles } in, Sepals }in., ovate, acuminate. Outer petals }-% in., oblong-lanceolate, tomentose ; cone of inner } in. high. 17. G. Wightii, H. f ¢ 7. Fl. Ind. 106; leaves lanceolate acute at both ends glabrous on both surfaces pellucid-dotted, peduncles axillary, sepals persistent, outer petals ovate acute, style oblong tip dilated, carpels oblong glabrous. Wail. Cat. 9089 ; Beddome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 63. | Forests of Travancor, Wight, &c. : ; Branches glabrous, leafy, buds subsilky. Leaves 3-5 by 3-1} in., thin, bright-green: above, brownish beneath ; petiole 8-} in. Flowers } in. diam., peduncles 4-1 in., sub- clavate. Sepals } in., broad-ovate, subacute, puberulous. Outer petals 1in., appressed brown-pubescent ; inner 3 in., cone short, brown silky inside. Carpels. 3 in.; stalk Sin. © 16. MITREPHORA, Blume. Trees, Leaves coriaceous, strongly ribbed, plaited in vernation. Flowers usually terminal or leaf-opposed, sometimes 1-sexual. Sepals 3, orbicular or ovate. Petals 6, 2-seriate, valvate; outer ovate, thin, veined; inner clawed, vaulted and cohering. Stamens oblong-cuneate ; above anther-cells dorsal remote. Carpels oblong; style oblong or clavate, ventrally furrowed; _ovules 4 or more, 2-seriate, Ripe carpels globose or ovoid, stalked or sub- sessile.—DistRis. Species about 10; tropical Asiatic, 1, M. tomentosa, H./.&é T. Fl. Ind. 113; leaves ovate or oblong- lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, glabrous and shining above except the hairy midrib, softly tomentose beneath, flowers cymose shortly pedicelled. bisexual leaf-opposed, carpels subglobose tomentose long-stalked. From Assam, Jenkins ; to Currragona, Hf. & T. Branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 14-3 in., base rounded, finely reticulate be- neath; petiole 4-3 in Cymes few-flowered, densely tomentose, bracts basal, large,. orbicular; pedicels 3-4 in.; bracteole submedian. Flowers 2 in. diam. Sepals broad- ovate, acute. Outer petals 1 in., acute ; inner broad ovate. Carpels 1 in. diam.; pe- dicel 1-1} in. 2. M. obtusa, Blume Fl. Jav, Anon, 32, t. 10 and 14 C; branches glabrescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute or mucronate glabrate beneath, flowers long-pedicelled 2-sexual on terminal and leaf-opposed tomentose peduncles, carpels as in J. tomentosa but smaller. H, he a T. Fi, Ind. 113. Uvaria obtusa, Blume Byd.; Wall. Cat, 6484, : Mitrephora.] Iv. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 77 Penang, Wallich; Mauacoa, Maingay.—Disrris. Java. A tall much ‘branched tree. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 in., coriaceous, base rounded, young pubescent beneath and on the mibrib above, old glabrous and shining on both surfaces. lowers 1 in. diam., bracts several, distichous, linear; pedicels 1-2 in., slender; bracteole minute, supra-median. Outer petals 4 in., yellowish, veins purple, velvety outside; inner smaller, ovate, obtuse, pubescent outside, densely tomentose inside, claw slender. ? 3. M. Heyneana, Thwaites Enum. 8; leaves ovate-lanceolate, nar- rowed to an obtuse tip glabrous shining above, flowers 2-sexual ‘shortly pedicelled solitary or in leaf-opposed subracemose cymes, carpels ovoid or subglobose subsessile. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 77. Uvaria Heyneana, Wall. Cat, 6463. U. lutea 8, W. & A. Prodr. 8. Orophea Heyneana, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 110. ~ Carnatic, at Courtalam, Heyne, &c., and Cryton, Thwaites. : Branches glabrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in., firm, coriaceous, base rounded, finely reticulated beneath; petioles §-} in. lowers 14 in. diam.; peduncle very short; bracts minute distichous; pedicels + in., bracteole small, appressed. Sepals minute, orbicular. Outer petals 3 in., yellow, cuneate lanceolate, taper-pointed, downy on both sides; inner yellow with red spots, § in. long, trapezoid, acute, villous. Carpels 6-9, 4 in., strigose in flower, hoary when ripe, 1—3-seeded. 4, M.? excelsa, H.f. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 114; young parts stellate-pubes- cent, leaves obovate-oblong acute shining above pubescent beneath, flowers small 2-sexual shortly pedicelled in short cymes in the old axils. Uvaria excelsa, Wall. Cat. 6477. Penane, Wallich. Leaves 6-8 by 2-34 in., base cordate, finely reticulate beneath, nerves oblique, con- spicuous; petiole fin. lowers small, white, in 2-3-flowered cymes, tomentose. ‘epals orbicular. Outer petals very thick, broad ovate, acute; inner thick, arched, rather contracted at the base.—Genus doubtful, the flowers being immature. 5. M. reticulata, H. /. & 7.; leaves narrowly obovate-oblong ob- tusely acuminate glabrous above except the midrib puberulous beneath, flowers moncecious, pedicels fascicled axillary, carpels globose. Uvaria reticulata, Blume Fl. Jav. Anon. 50, t. 24, Pseuduvaria reticulata, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 33. Tenasserim, Helfer—Disrriz. Java. ? A small tree, 25 ft.; young: branches hoary. Leaves 4-8 by 14-23 in., base acute, conspicuously reticulate beneath, nerves parallel; petiole 4-; in. Pedicels 3--6, slender, 4-1} in., pubescent; bracts basal; bracteole median, minute, ovate. Sepals minute, ovate, obtuse. Petals outside and margins tomentose, outer very small, subacute; inner } in., trapezoid ; claw narrow, erect. 9 with 6 staminodes in 3 pairs. Ovaries pilose, 4-ovuled. Carpels 4-seeded.—Helfer’s specimens differ from Blume’s figure only in the rather longer petiole, all are male (like Blume’s), but Maingay says the species is moncecious. 6. M. Maingayi, H.f. & T.; branchlets buds and peduncles rusty- pubescent, leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers 2-sexual long-peduncled, bract concave median, carpels ovoid stalked. Matacca, Maingay. : ; es A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 14-2} in., rather rigid, pale, base rounded or acute, minutely reticulate, nerves strong beneath arching upwards; petiole 4-4 in., pubescent. Flowers 14 in. diam., cernuous, yellow with red blotches; buds globose, brown-villous 5 peduncles 3-1 in., ascending, slender, and small broad sepals brown-tomentose. Petals 78 Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) = [Mitrephora. ‘ pubescent ; outer 1 in., obovate-oblong, shortly broadly clawed, undulate; inner much smaller, cordate; claw long-linear. Torus urceolate pilose. Ovaries pilose, 8-10- ovuled, style -clavate. Carpels (unripe) ? in., rusty-tomentose, top rounded; stalk 4-4 in., stout. 7. M. grandiflora, Beddome Jc, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 101; young parts golden-pubescent, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate shining ahove glabres- cent beneath, peduncles 2-3-flowered leaf-opposed, flowers 2-sexual, carpels. globose. Ghats near Coloor and Gairsoppah, in §. Canara, Beddome. A handsome tree. Leaves 4-5 by 14-24 in., thin, coriaceous, axils of nerves beneath hairy and glandular; petiole 4 in. lowers 2-3 in. diam., ferruginous, subsessile; buds globose; bract close to flower. Sepals small. Outer petals broadly elliptic, acute, first white, turning yellow; inner smaller, deciduous, claw broad, back triangular, white streaked with red. Carpels globose, size of a hazel, 1-seeded, tomentose—We have seen no specimen. 16.*. ANONA, Linn. Trees or shrubs. lowers solitary or fascicled, terminal or leaf-opposed, Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 3-6, valvate in 2 series, or the inner series wanting ; outer triquetrous, base concave. Stamens numerous; anther-cells narrow, dorsal, contiguous, top of connective ovoid.. Ovaries many, subcon- nate ; style oblong; ovule 1, erect. Sipe carpels confluent intu a many- celled ovoid or globose many-seeded fruit.—Distrip. A large American and African genus, of which various fruiting species or varieties are naturalized in the Old World. A. squamosa, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 85; leaves oblong obtuse or acu- minate glaucous beneath and pubescent when yuung, fruit tubercled. Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 657; W.d& A. Prodr.7; Wall. Cat. 6490; H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 115; Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. 29. ; Naturalized especially in the Western Pewisuta—Duisrris. Tropical America.— (The Custard Apple of India, and Sweet Sop of the W. Indies.) A small tree. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1} in., membranous, usually obtuse, base acute. nea pe solitary 1 in. long, pubescent. Petals 3, narrow-oblong. Fruit fleshy, areolate. A. reticulata, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i, 85; leaves’ oblong or oblong- lanceolate, quite glabrous smooth or roughish beneath, fruit smooth lightly areolate. Jtoxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 657; Wall. Out. 6489; W. & A. Prodr. 7: H. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 115; Rheede Hort, Mal, iii. t. 30,31. : Naturalized in Bencat and elsewhere.—Disrriw. Tropical Ameri *g. heart or Curate Apple of the W. Indies.) eet, Aer’ A small tree. Leaves 5-8 by 14-2 in., base acute; petiole Lin. F — together on lateral peduncles. Outer petals as in A. Pte! ide oo al narrow-oblong. Fruit subglobose, roughish outside, with pentagunal areoles. ; 17. MELODORUM, Dunal. Climbing shrubs. Leaves with strong parallel nerves. Flowers terminal axillary and ee eee: solitary fascicled or panicled ; buds triquetrous. Sepals 3, small, valvate, connate below. Petals 6, valvate in 2 rows: outer plano-convex or trigonous ; inner triquetrous above, hollowéd below on the inner face. Stamens many ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; top of connec- ' tive ovoid or quadrate. Carpels many, free ; style oblong ; ovules 2 or more. + Melodorum.| tv. ANonacEax, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 79 ay carpels berried.— Distr. Species about 18; Tropical Asia and_ rica. Scot. I. Melodorum proper. Outer petals oblong-ovate or ovate-lan- ceolate. Ovaries tomentose; ovules many. Seeds smooth, often with a raised marginal wing. * Leaves very pubescent or tomentose beneath. + Leaves pubescent on both surfaces, 1. M. rubiginosum, Z. /. & 7. Fl. Ind. 116; leaves oblong obtuse acute or abruptly acuminate glabrous except the tomentose midrib above, pubescent beneath, outer petals 1-14 in. narrow oblong, carpels ovoid or globose tomentose stalked. Uvaria rubiginosa, A. DC. Mem. 26; Wall. Cat. 6465. U. nervosa and U. fulva, Wull. Cat. 6479, 6427. From Siuet and Cuirracone, H. f. & T., to Tenwassertm, Wallich. A large climber; branchlets brown-tomentose. Leaves 3-12 by 2-5in., rather mem- «branous; petiole $-1in. Flowers axillary or in terminal 5—6-flowered leafless panicles, brown-tomentose ; pedicels 1-1} in.; bracts 1-2, supra-median, small, ovate. Sepals short, broad. Outer petals oblong acuminate, tomentose outside, hoary within; inner narrower, ovate, base concave, limb triquetrous. Carpels 1-1} in.; stalk as long or longer. Seeds shining. 2. M. latifolium, Dunal; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse coriaceous densely pubescent beneath, outer petals 2 in. oblong-ovate, carpels large ovoid beaked, stalks thick, Wall. Cat. 9411. M. mollissimum, Miquel #1. Ind. Bat. Suppl. i. 354, Uvaria latifolia, Blume Fl. Jav, Anon. t. 15. Matacca, Griffith; Sincarore, Maingay.—Distris. Sumatra, Java, Philippines. Very near I. rubiginosum, but leaves very coriaceous, more tomentose and obtuse, young downy above, flowers sma!ler broader and shorter, in larger panicles. Carpels 3 in., oblong, densely rusty-tomentose, young warted beaked, old smooth; stalks longer. 3, MZ. lanuginosum, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 117; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate rarely obtuse glabrous except the midrib above densely woolly beneath, outer petals 13-2 in. villous, carpels globose tomentose. Uvaria lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 6454. Penang and Sincarore, Wallich; Mauacca, Maingay. ' A rambling shrub densely brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 1$-2$ in., lower on the branches smaller, base rounded; petiole 4-2 in. Flowers terminal or leaf-opposed, in short 3-4flowered cymes; bracts small, oblong, deciduous ; pedicels 4-1 in., brac- ‘teole ovate basal. Sepals 4 in., ovate. Outer petals oblong, tapering to an obtuse point; inner a little shorter, hoary, narrow, base concave, limb long triquetrous. Carpels 1 in. diam.; stalk in. Seeds dimidiate-oblong, shining. 4, M. manubriatum, 7. /. é& 7. Fl. Ind. 118; leaves 3-5 in. oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate glabrous except the midrib above, densely brown-tomentose beneath, outer petals 4-1 in., earpels subglobose densely tomentose. Uvaria manubriata, Wall. Cat. 6456. Penane and.Mauacca, Wallich, &c. A woody climber, young branches petioles inflorescence and carpels densely brown- tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-13in., base rounded; petiole fin. "lowers 1-3, fasci- cled, terminal, or leaf-opposed, pedicels 4-2 in.; bracts oblong, ‘infra-median. Sepals nearly }in., ovate acute. Outer petals ovate-oblong, obtuse; inner a little shorter, dull purple, ovate-lanceolate, hoary, glabrous within, Carpels 4- iv., obtuse; stalk rather longer. ‘ 80 Iv. ANonAcHa:. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Melodorum. 5. M. verrucosum, Hf ¢ 7. Fl. Ind. 119; leaves 3-5 in. oblong or lanceolate acute or obtuse glabrous except the midrib above, softly pubes- cent beneath, nerves close-set, carpels subglobose densely warted. Knasra nitts, alt, 1-5000 ft., A. f. & T. A large woody climber, young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in, base hardly rounded, petiole §-4in. Flowers 1-5, fascicled, terminal or leaf opposed, bnds shorter and broader than in other species ; bracts ovate or oblong, acute, median. Sepals ovate, acute. Outer petals 2 in., ovate, acute, slightly keeled inside; inner triangular-oblong, acute, hoary, concave except at the triquetrous tip. Carpels 2 in. diam., pubescent; stalk 4-8 in —Griffith’s t. 652 (of Icones iv.), which is not referred to in the “‘Notule,” may belong to this species, but the venation differs much, _ 6. M. Griffithii, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 120; leaves 3-5 in. narrow oblong or lanceolate obtuse or subacute glabrous except the midrib above, rusty- pubescent beneath, tip often retuse, outer petals jin. Fissistigma scandens, Griff. Not. iv. 706. Tenasser™, Griffith. A climbing shrub; bark dark grey, spotted white; young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 3-5 by 14-12 in., base rounded; petiole fin. Flowers 2-4 in., sub-terminal in Jeaf-oppused fascicles terminating a short peduncle: pedicels 4-3 in.; bracteole, median, orbicular, small. Sepals orbicular, obtuse. Outer petals } in.; inner a little shorter, red-brown, glabrous or puberulous.—Resembles Uvaria spheero- carpa, Bl., which is a Melodorum, but the flower of that plant and the fruit of this are unknown. 7. Mf. bicolor, 7.7. & 7. Fl. Ind. 119; leaves 4-8 in. oblong or lan- ceolate, lower on each branch obtuse upper acute glabrous except the midrib above silky beneath, outer petals 1in., carpels globose subglabrous. Uvaria bicolor, Roxb. £0. Ind. ii. 662 (not of Wall. Cat.), From the base of the Sixxim Himaraya and Knasia nILLs to Assam and Ava. A large woody climber; young branches and flowers tomentose. Leaves 4-8 by 2-8 in.; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers 1-3, in leaf-opposed fascicles; pedicels 4-1 in.; brac- teole small, basal. Sepals ovate. Outer petals villous, ovate-lanceolate ; inner rather shorter and narrower, glabrous, red. Curpels 1 in. diam., mucronate ; stalk 4-} in.— Very near Mf. manubriatum, but with usually larger, more obtuse leaves, more lateral flowers, and more globose shorter-stalked fruit. 8. M. Maingayii, H. f. & T.; branchlets pubescent, leaves broad- elliptic or oblong rounded at both ends or tip apiculate glabrous above glaucous and finely pubescent beneath, flowers 1} in, solitary, calyx orbi- cular, carpels oblong straight-beaked. Penane, Maingay. A scandent shrub; branches black. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., hard, coriaceous, red- brown when dry, opaque above with a slender downy midrib, nerves many, much diverging, slender; petiole 4-3 in. lowers axillary, cernuous, appressed, brown- pubescent ; buds with a swollen base 4 in. diam. and trigonous curved beak; pedicel 4-4 in., stout, curved ; bract small, broad, half-amplexicaul. Calyx a disk, } in. diam. Outer petals flat but keeled down the middle inside, compressed 3-gonous : base exca- vated; inner very small, triangular-ovate, glabrous. Stamens very many, ‘small, trun- cate. Torus conical, low, top depressed. Ovaries about 6, silky ; stigma subsessile. Carpels 14-2 by } in., rusty puberulous, walls thick; stalk 4 in., stout, straight. Seeds }in., many, 2-seriate, horizontal; testa shining, not margined, 9, M. cylindricum, Maingay mss. ; branches rusty pubescent, leaves oblong elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above bruwn and ry Melodorum.] Iv. aNonacE&. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 81 - puberulous beneath, flowers 4 in. solitary, calyx obtusely triangular, carpels cylindric rough ends rounded. Maxacca, Maingay. Branches very dark. Leaves 3-44 by 14-13, base rounded, coriaceous, hard, mid- rib slender, puberulous, nerves many-slender diverging; petiole 4-3 in., pubescent. Flowers axillary, cernuous; buds short, pyramidal, appressed brown-pubescent; pe- duncle short, thick, bract obscure, Calyx } in. diam. Outer petals triangular-ovate, , 3-quetrous, base excavated; inner very small indeed, triangular, glabrous. Torus as in M. Maingayi. Top of connective orbicular. Ovaries 4-6, silky-pubescent. Ripe carpels 1-12 by 4-§ in., curved, brown-pubescent, walls very thin; stalk 4 in,, stout. Seeds many, } in. long, 2-seriate, horizontal, testa shining, not margined; aril small, cartilaginous. . . ** Leaves glabrous or minutely sparsely pubescent beneath. (See also Maingayt and cylindricum.) t+ Flowers in terminal or leaf-opposed cymes or fascicles. 10. M. Wallichii, 7. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 118 ; leaves narrow oblong-lan- ceolate acute or acuminate sparsely pilose beneath veins distant, outer petals 3 a carpels subglobose tomentose.—Uvaria bicolor, Wall. Cat. 6466, not of 0x0. Easrern Beneat, in Assam and Sinner, Wallich, &c. A large woody climber, young parts with slight golden pubescence. Leaves 4-7 by 13-24 in., base rounded, pale beneath and hairy chiefly on the midrib and distant nerves; petiole 3 in. lowers 1-3, in terminal or leaf-opposed fascicles ; pedicels 2in.; bracts 1-2, ovate, basal. Sepals small, ovate. Outer petals cblong-lanceolate ; inner one-third shorter, hoary, brown-purple. Carpels (mature ?) 4 in. diam., obliquely mucronate ; stalk 1 in. 11. M. polyanthum, Z. f & T. Fl. Ind. 121; leaves narrow oblong -or lanceolate usually acute at both ends minutely pubescent beneath, outer petals iin. Uvaria polyantha, Wall. Cat. 6467. Forests of the Kuasia itis, Sitnet, and Assam. A large woody climber; branches blackish, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in. or 8-10 by 2-34 in., acute or sharply acuminate, pale beneath; petiole 3-3 in., glabrate. Flowers small, 3-7, in leaf-opposed: cymes; peduncle short, woody, hoary, scon glabrate; pedicels $ in., with a basal scale and a median orbicular deciduous bracteole. Sepals ovate, subacute, hoary. Outer petals ovate, silky outside; iuner about half the size, pubescent without, glabrous within. | 12 MM. rufinerve, H.f & T. Fl. Ind. 121; leaves 6-10 in. long obtuse or acute glabrous glaucous beneath, flowers minute. Basrern Beneat; forests between Silhet and Cachar, #.f. dé T. A large woody climber; branches glabrous; buds golden-pubescent. Leaves 6-1 . by 24-4 in., base rounded or retuse; petiole glabrous, $-% in. Buds minute, in pubes- cent leaf-opposed cymes; pedicels } in. bracteole small, median.—A very distinct species, in an immature condition. ++ Flowers axillary, solitary, or appearing racemose only through the fall of the floral leaves. 13. M. prismaticum, JZ. /. é 7. Fl. Ind, 121; leaves 5-9 in. oblong rounded or abruptly acuminate glabrous brown beneath, sepals connate, outer petals narrow 2 in., carpels oblong obtuse tubercled glabrous.—Uvaria prismatica, Wall. Cat. 6455. Pyramidanthe rufa, Mig. Ann, Ul. 39. . Pewane, Mapacca and Sincarorg, Wallich, &c.—Distaiw. Borneo. VOL, I. G , 82 Iv. aNonacEz. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Melodorum. A large woody climber; branches black, glabrous ; buds puberulous. Leaves 5-9 by 24-4 in,, much smaller at the base of the branches, thickly coriaceous, base rounded, puberulous onthe midrib beneath ; petiole 4-2 in. Flowers axillary, solitary; pedicel 4in.; bracteoles small, linear, subbasal. Calyx a slightly 3-lobed cup. Outer petals 2 in. tapering from a common base to a long triquetrous point, rusty-pubescent outside, hoary inside; inner §~} in., ovate, acute, glabrate, concave except the triquetrous tip. a 4-6, strigose, 4. or more-ovuled,” Maingay. Carpels 4-14 in. long ; stalk 1d in. 14, M. fulgens, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 120; leaves 3-4 in. oblong-lanceo- late acuminate glabrous except the midrib above pale and appressed pubes- cent beneath, outer petals } in. ovate concave, carpels subglobose silky shining.—Uvaria fulgens and Myristica Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat, 6482 and 6793. Maxacca and Srycarore.—Disrrie. Borneo, Philippines. . A large woody climber (small tree, Maingay); branches glabrous, young silky. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in., base rounded or subacute ; petiole 2-3 in., silky. Flowers tawny-orange, solitary or in subracemose terminal panicles oe the fall of the floral leaves); pedicels 3-4 in., golden-tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, linear, upper sub- orbicular. Sepals orbicular, acute. Outer petals 4 in., ovate, golden-silky outside, hoary within, with a large concave glabrous basal area; inner oblong, acute, glabrous. Anthers purple, appendage long. Ovaries strigose. tipe carpels 14 in. “‘ Seeds flattened not scrobiculate.” Maingay. 7 Secr. II. Kentia. Flowers axillary, solitary. Outer petals orbicular, with broad much thickened margins. Ovaries glabrous, pellucid-glandular ; ovules definite or indefinite. Seeds pitted. 15. M. elegans, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 122; leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous above paler and puberulous beneath, carpels oblong or subglobose. Uvaria elegans, Wall. Cat. 6474 A. Penane, Wallich ; Matacca, Maingay. A climber; branches slender, glabrous, black; buds brown-pubescent. Leaves 3-4 by 1-14 in., coriaceous, base rounded or acute; petiole 4 in. glabrous. Peduwncles slender; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal. Sepals small, ovate, acute, persistent. Outer petals 4 in., ovate, subacute, brown silky outside, hoary inside; inner much smaller, ovate, thick, back keeled, fringed round the basal hollow, triquetrous and hoary above the middle. Ovaries 8-10-ovuled. Carpels 4 in., stalk as long.—Very like MU. Kentii, H. f. & T., of Java (Polyalthia, Blume), but that plant is 2-ovuled. 16..M. pisocarpum, H. /.& T. Fl. Ind. 123 ; leaves broad-ovate or -oblong emarginate glabrous above reticulate and puberulous beneath, car- pels pisiform granulate glabrate. Uvaria mabiformis, Grif. Notul. iv. 709. Matacca, Griffith. A shrub, probably climbing; branches glabrous ; buds golden-silky. Leaves 13-3 by 14-1} in., coriaceous, base rounded or subacute; petiole 4 in. Peduncles }-4 in., slender, hardly downy ; bracteoles 2, minute, scale-like, basal; buds subglobose, ob- tusely triquetrous. Sepals small, ovate, acute. Outer petals } in. broad, ovate, sub- orbicular, golden-silky outside, hoary inside; inner about half as long, narrow-oblong. Ovaries 2-ovuled. Oarpels } in. diam., globose; stalk the same length. “ Seeds 2, scrobiculate, arilled.” ' Maingay. 18. XYLOPIA, Linn. Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous. Flowers axillary, solitary cymose or fascicled ; buds triquetrous, conic, often slender, Sepals 3, valvate, connate. Petals 6, elongate, valvate in 2 series; outer flat or concave ; inner nearly Xylopia.] IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 83 as long, 3-gonous, concave at the base only. Torus flat, or hollow and en- closing the carpels. Stamens oblong, truncate or connective produced ; anther-cells remote or contiguous, usually septate, with a large pollen-grain in each cellule, Ovaries 1 or more; style long, clavate; ovules 2-6 or more, 1~2-seriate. Ripe carpels long or short, continuous or moniliform, usually several-seeded,—Disrris, Tropics generally.; species 30-40,—Closely allied to Melodorum, but very different in habit. Sect. ]. Habzelia, Alph. DC. (Gen.). Torus flat or slightly concave. Ripe carpels cylindric or obovoid. 1, X. ferruginea, H. f. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 123 (Habzelia) ; leaves narrow- oblong acute glabrous and shining above glaucous beneath and rusty- pubescent on the veins, peduncles solitary or geminate, carpels cylindric slender subtorulose. Artabotrys malayana, Grif. Notul. iv. 713. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay. ; A flexuous ramose shrub; branchlets rusty-pubescent. Leaves 5~7 by 14-2 in., -base oblique rounded or subcordate, much reticulate; petiole}-4 in. Flowers pen- dulous, yellow, fragrant; peduncles 9-14 in., rusty-pubescent. Sepals ovate, acute. Outer yeas $ in., taper-pointed, yellow-tomentose ; inner shorter, narrower, triquetrous ‘above, base contracted. Anthers with a long narrow process, cells septate. Ovaries many golden strigose. Carpels 4-4 in., blood-red. Seeds ovoid, aril 0. 2. X%. oxyantha, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 124 (Habzelia) ; leaves ovate or oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous glaucous below, peduncles fascicled axillary. Uvaria oxyantha, Wall, Cat. 6478. ° » Srycaporz, Wallich. ; A tree; branches glabrous; young parts puberulous. Leaves 7-8 by 24-34 in.; petiole 4in. lowers more than 1 in. long, peduncles §-4 in., appressed downy. Sepals broad-ovate. Outer petals 13-14 in., narrow-linear, pubescence yellowish ap- pressed, back slightly keeled. 3, X. malayana, 7. /. ¢& 7. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong obtusely acu- minate glabrous reticulate beneath, peduncles very short 3-5-flowered, sepals united to the middle, carpels cylindric-oblong cbtuse pubescent. Pararta- botrys sumatrana,. Mzg. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 1. 374. Matacca, Grifith.—Disrei. Sumatra. : A tree; branches slender, glabrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., coria- ceous, base acute, pale-brown when dry beneath; petiole 4% in. Flowers 4-1 in. long, triquetrous ; peduncles axillary, 1-bracteate ; pedicels short and brown-tumentose. Sepals ovate, acute. Outer petals linear, inner shorter. Connective prolonged ; anther-cells septate. Ovaries 5-7, strigose, 2-ovuled (6-ovuled, Maingay). Carpels 4-1 in.; many-seeded ; stalk short, thick. 4, KX. obtusifolia, H. 7. & T. ; leaves oblong obtuse or retuse glabrous and shining above brown-silky beneath, cymes subracemose, sepals acute united to the middle. Mauacca, Griffith. J A tree ; branches glabrous; buds rather silky. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in., coriaceous, base acute; petiole $+ in. Flowers like those of X. malayana in shape and size, brown-silky. Cymes 4-4 in.; pedicels } in., rather silky, with a median and basal bracteole. Ovules 4-5. 5. %. fusca, Maingay mss, ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic- or linear-oblong obtuse coriaceous glabrous, nerves faint ren flowers. G 84 Iv. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Xylopia. solitary racemed or fascicled, pedicel and subentire calyx rarely pubescent, petals brown-silky, ovaries 4-5. Matacca, Vaingay. és oe A tree ; branches rather stout black, tips and very young leaves silky, shining. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in., base acute, opaque above, rather darker beneath, midrib sometimes puberulous; petiole } in., stout. Flowers 3 in., pendent; peduncle 2-1 in,, stout, curved; bracts few, minute; pedicels short, stout, ebracteolate. Petals shining; outer linear from a rather broader base, concave; inner rather shorter, narrower, 3- gonous, base excavated. Top of connective oblong; anther-cells not septate, lateral. Ovaries cohering in a cone on the slightly concave torus, golden silky ; style short, subulate ; ovules 10-12, 2-seriate. 6. X. magna, Maingay mss. ; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong obtuse or acute glabrous above softly pubescent beneath coriaceous, flowers solitary or racemes terminal, sepals united beyond the middle, carpels obliquely ovoid or obovoid compressed puberulous. Matacca, Maingay. A tree ; branches black, glabrous, branchlets pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 13-22 in., base obtuse or rounded, thick, above dull, beneath very opaque, brown, nerves faint ; petiole j,-$ in. Flowers 5 in. long, white, slender; peduncles very short. Sepals united into a broad acutely-lobed cup, ferruginous. Petals hoary, subequal; outer very narrow, subulate, flat; inner more slender, base concave. Torus concave. Anthers rose-coloured, slender, cells septate, tip orbicular. Ovaries strigose; style slender, stigma hairy; ovules 4. Carpels 14 in., walls thick; stalk very short; torus 3 in. diam. Seeds about 4, superposed, arillate, testa osseous. Sect. II. Huxylopia. Torus much hollowed, bearing the stamens outside and enclosing the ovaries. 7. K. parvifolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, pedicels fascicled clothed with bracteoles, sepals united to the middle, carpels obovoid or oblong sub- sessile pubescent. Z'hwaites Hnum. 9 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 43. Pa- tonia parvifolia, Wight Ill. 19. Southern parts of Ceyton. A tree ; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 2-3 by 3-14 in., coriaceous, base acute ; petiole § in. Flowers 4 in. long, in axillary 3-5-flowered subsessile fascicles, pubescence brown appressed ; pedicels very short ; bracteoles orbicular, the upper close to the calyx. Sepals acute. Ovaries 5, 4~-6-ovuled. Carpels 1-1} in. Seeds oblong, smooth; imbedded in pulp (arillate ?).—(Patonia Watkeri, Wight Ill. 1.c., is a species of Diospyros.) 8. %. nigricans, 7. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves broad lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous shining above pale beneath, peduncles 9-3 together axillary, bracteoles 2-3 deciduous, sepals free, carpels as in X. par- vifolia. Thwaites Enum. 9,398 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 44, Cryton ; at Trincomalee, Glenie ; and in the Doombera district, Thwaites. A tree; branches glabrous ; young puberulous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-14 in., thin, coria- ceous, base acute; petivle$ in. Flowers } in. long, pubescence ochreous, appressed A pedicels 4-4 in., short, slender, downy. Ovaries 5, about 4-ovuled. : : 9. X. Championii, 7. f.& T. FI. Ind. 126 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate acuminate pellucid-dotted glabrous and shining above puberulous beneath, peduncles solitary, sepals united almost to the tips, carpels oblong 5-ribbed short-stalked. Thwaites Enum.9; Beddome Ic. Pi. Ind. Or. t. 45. Xylopia,| IV, ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 85 ‘CzyLon; Ambagamowa and Ratnapoora districts, Gardner, &c. A tree; branches slender, glabrous ; buds rather silky. Leaves 3-5 by 1-12 in., thin, coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath; petiole }-} in. Flowers 1 in. long, pale ochreous « or reddish, tomentose, triquetrous, broader than in its congeners ; pedicels 4 in., brown- silky ; bracteoles 2-3, minute, basal, Calyz slightly 3-lobed. Petals triquetrous above ; inner natrower, one-third shorter. Qvary solitary, 4-ovuled. Carpels 13 in. Seeds enveloped in pulp. 10. X. caudata, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 125; leaves oblong or lanceolate long obtusely acuminate tip mucronate glabrous except the midrib above silky beneath, peduncles 1-3 very short axillary bracteolate at the base and under the calyx, sepals connate at the base, carpels subglobose or ovoid pu- bescent short-stalked. Guatteria? caudata, Wall. Cat, 6452. Sincarore, Wallich; Mauacca, Grifith. A small leaved, much branched shrub, or small tree; branchlets hoary. Leaves 13-34 by 3-1 in., thin, coriaceous, pellucid-punctate, grey beneath; petiole A, in. Flowers 3-4 in. long, subsessile. Sepals hoary. Petals silky, about equal in length, very slender. Ovaries 2, silky hairy, 2-ovuled ; styles long, clavate, glabrous, exserted. Carpels 2-3, 4 in., 2-seeded. ll. X. pustulata, H./.é 7. ; branches pustulate, leaves small elliptic glabrous tip narrowed obtuse dark beneath, nerves faint, peduncles solitary or geminate very short, sepals united to the middle. Matacca, Maingay. : A tree?; branches pale, minutely white-dotted, glabrous. Leaves 1-2 by 2-1 in, base acute, coriaceous, thick, hardly shining above with obscure veins, reddish-brown and reticulated beneath, nerves and venules all alike; petiole 4in. Flowers 4 in. long, many, axillary, pendent; bracts basal, orbicular, ciliate, deciduous; buds obtuse. Sepals short, ovate, subacute, rusty-pubescent. Petals densely appressed pubescent; outer linear from a rather broader concave base, obtuse ; inner much narrower, rather shorter, trigonous with a broader excavated base. Stamens outside the torus, linear; anther-cells long, septate, top of connective rounded. Ovaries 5-8, sunk in the concave top of the torus, strigose ; style slender, clavate ; ovules several. 12. X. Maingayi, H. /. & T.; branches rusty-pubescent, leaves small elliptic or elliptic-oblong glabrous subacute or obtusely acuminate, nerves very finely reticulate, flowers solitary, peduncles very short and calyx rusty- tomentose, buds hooked, ovaries many. Matacca, Maingay. A tree; branches minutely white-dotted. eaves 2-3, by 1-1} in., base subacute, coriaceous, pale above, darker beneath, nerves very slender reticulate on both surfaces ; petiole slender, 3-3 in. lowers 1-14 in. long, ee pale-orange ; peduncle very short, stout, curved, and calyx rusty-tomentose ; bracteoles 2-3, orbicular, persistent. Sepals connate to the middle. Outer petals flat, very narrow, subacute, base concave, silky tomentose ; inner as long, very narrow, 3-gonous, base excavated. Anther-cells septate, tip of connective rose-coloured, rounded. Ovaries about 9, immersed in the torus, style glabrate ; ovules 6. : 13, K. dicarpa, H./. & T. ; branches glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous, nerves very finely reticulate, flowers solitary or geminate, pedicels short and calyx glabrous, sepals connate to the middle, ovaries 2. t Sincapore, Maingay, A tree ?; branches dark, minutely dotted. Leaves 8-44 by 14-13 in., base acute, firm, coriaceous; nerves oblique, finely reticulate on both surfaces; petiole } in. Flowers 14 in., pendent, peduncle very stout; bracteoles 1-3, orbicular, amplexicaul. Sepals obtuse, tubercled. Petals hoary, outer narrow from a rather broader base, 86 IV. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Xylopia. concave ; inner narrower, 3-gonous. Stamens many, inner imperfect ; anther-cells sep- tate; tipof connective rouuded. Ovary sunk in the torus, pilose; style short; ovules many. 14, X, elliptica, Maingay mss. ; branches glabrous, leaves small elliptic obtuse membranous glabrous, tip rounded, nerves faint reticulate, flowers small solitary erect pubescent, sepals subacute united to the middle, ovaries. 1-3. Maxacca, Maingay. “ A lofty tree; trunk thick ; branches glabrous, almost black; branchlets pubescent, Leaves 14-2 by 13-14 in., base obtuse or acute, pale on both surfaces, browner beneath ;' petiole } in., puberulous. Flowers 4-2 in., slender; peduncle half as long or shorter, - and calyx rusty-pubescent; bratcs median, minute. Petals pale brown-tomentose ; outer linear subulate, from a rather broad base, concave ; inner trigonous, base exca- vated. Stamens minute. Ovaries sunk in the deeply urceolate torus, hidden amongst long white hairs; ovules 4-6. 19. MILIUSA, Leschenault. Trees or shrubs. Flowers 1-2-sexual, green or red, axillary or extra- axillary, solitary fascicled or cymose. Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series; outer smaller, like the sepals; inner cohering when young by the margins, at length free. Torus elongated, cylindric, Stamens. definite or indefinite; anthers subdidymous; cells contiguous, ovoid, ex- trorse; connective hardly apiculate. _ Ovaries indefinite, linear-oblong ; style oblong or very short; ovules 1-2. rarely 3-4. Ripe carpels globose or' oblong, 1- many-seeded.—Disrrie, Species 7 ; all Indian. 1, M. macrocarpa, 7. f. & J. Fl. Ind. 150; leaves lanceolate or’ narrow-oblong long-acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers bisexual ? solitary or in leafy cymes, sepals and outer petals large ovate 4 in., carpels glabrous long-stalked. Srxxim-Hmataya; Kaasia aris, Simons. A small tree; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-9 by 14-23 in., thin, coriaceous, pale beneath ; petiole 2-4 in. Flowers subterminal or leaf-opposed ; peduncle 2-3 in., elavater upwards. Outer petals ovate, glabrous, granulate outside, edges and inside appressed~ pubescent ; inner 3 in., lengthening much after expansion, glabrous, ciliate. Ovaries! oblong, silky ; style oblong, glabrous; ovules 1-2. Carpels 1 in., dark-purple, fleshy ; stalk as long, 1-seeded, or 2-seeded and twice as broad.—Differs from its congeners in the large sepals and outer petals; inner petals very small in bud. 2. M. indica, Lesch. in A. DC. Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 36; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate obtuse or lanceolate and acute or acuminate glabrous or pubes- cent beneath, flowers 2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals oblong subacute, carpels pisiform subsessile. W.& A. Prodr.10; Wall. Cat. 6433 5H. f.& T. Fl. Ind. 148; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 85. M. montana, Gardner ex Fl. Ind. lc. ; Thwaites Enum, 4; Beddome l.c. t. 84, Maxarar, Maisor, and Czyzon, in the Central Province, Gardner. A much branched very variable shrub; branches strigose, tomentose or glabrate. Leaves 1-24 by 3-1} in., base generally oblique, coriaceous ; petiole obsolete. Flowers greenish, purple near the base; pedicel 3-2 in., slender; bracteoles several, basal. Outer petals equalling or 2-3 times exceeding the oblong subacute inner. Ovaries 1-2-ovuled. Var. 1. tomentosa ; branchlets and leaves beneath tomentose, carpels pubescent... Van, 2. strigose ; branchlets and leaves beneath strigose, carpels glabrous, Vaz. 3. montana; branchlets and much smaller leaves glabrous, : Miliusa.] IV. ANONACEH, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 87 3, M. zeylanica, Gard. ex H. f.& T. Fl. Ind, 149; leaves oblong- lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate young puberulous beneath, flowers 2-sexual axillary solitary, inner petals narrow oblong taper- ointed, carpels pisiform subsessile, Yhwaites Enum. 61 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. y, nd. Or, t. 89. Cryton ; southern parts of the Island, Walker, &. A small tree; branches rugose, young strigose or downy. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in, coriaceous, rigid, base somewhat oblique rounded or retuse, midrib downy above, when old glabrous on both surfaces; petiole -4 in, strigose. Flowers 3-1 in. long; pours short, downy; bracteoles several, basal. Sepals and outer petals oblong, word acute, softly ciliate; inner petals narrow-oblong, greenish-yellow, base purple.— Closely allied to HZ. indica; but leaves longer and petals narrower, 4, M. Wightiana, 7. f. é 7. Fl. Ind. 149; leaves narrow-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, shining above, flowers poly- gamous axillary, inner petals oblong subacute, carpels pisiform or oblong glabrous granulate. Beddome Ic. Pi. Ind. Or. t. 86. Hill forests of Tinrventy and Travancor, Wight, &e. A small tree, bark rough; branches glabrous. Leaves 2-4 by 3-1 in., thin, coria- ceous, pale beneath; petiole 7, in. Flowers like those of Mf. indica; peduncles 1-2 in, slender ; bracteoles 1-2, minute, basal. Ovaries 1-2-ovuled. Carpels. 1-2- seeded ; stalks as long or longer. : , 5. M. Roxburghiana, 7. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 150; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate abruptly acuminate shining above glabrous or tomentose beneath, flowers 1-3 together dicecious axillary, inner petals ovate obtuse, carpels ovoid or pisiform and glabrous. M. Wallichiana, H. f. & 7 l.c. 149. Uvaria dioica, Roub. Fl, Ind. ii. 659. Guatteria globosa; 4. DC. Mem. Soc, Genev. v. 43; Wall. Cat. 6448. Hyalostemma Roxburghiana, Wall, Cat. 6434; Griff. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 653. Stxxm, Assam, and the Kuasia nuts to TenasseRim. A small tree; branches softly pubescent; leaves beneath pedicels and calyx glabrous or densely pubescent. Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, lower on the branch smaller, subobtuse ; petiole obsolete. Pedicels 4-14 in., sometimes on a short peduncle, slender; bracts several, linear. Sepals lanceolate. Inner petals 1 in., ovate, obtuse, blood-red, veins dark. Carpels 1- rarely 2-seeded; stalk 3.in, : 6. M. velutina, 7. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 151; leaves ovate or oblong acute or acuminate tomentose on both surfaces, flowers 2-sexual subracemose, inner petals ovate, carpels ovoid downy short-stalked. Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 87. Uvaria velutina, Dunal Anon. 91.° U. villosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 664. Guatteria velutina, 4. DC. Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 42; Wall. Cat, 6441. Garwual, Benar, Matwaug, Orissa, Matasar, and Prev. . A large tree; young branches densely tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in., lower on the branches smaller and often obtuse, base obliquely cordate; petiole in. Flowers, 8-6, in leaf-opposed cymes or in short few-leaved branches; pedicels 2~4 in., slender, tomentose ; bracts minute, basal deciduous. Sepals and outer petals small, ovate; inner petals } in., ovate, dark brown, glabrous inside. Carpels size of a cherry. 7: ™M. nilagirica, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 88; leaves lanceolate linear-lanceolate or elliptic taper-pointed_ glabrous, peduncles axillary gla- brous,j inner petals broadly ovate-lanceolate, stamens 8 1-seriate, carpels pisiform glabrous. Northern slopes of the Nixerris, alt. 5000 ft., Beddome. A large shrub; branches glabrous. Leaves 2~4. by 3-13 in., narrowed and obtusely pointed at both ends, coriaceous; petiole 4-4 in. lowers 4 io. long; peduncles 88 Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Miliusa. 3-1 in.; bracteoles 2-3, basal. Sepals and outer petals subequal, ciliate; inner petals glabrous except the thickened margin near the tip. Ovaries about 13, glabrous ; style oblong or glabose; ovules 1-2. Carpels pisiform; stalks 4—} in. 20. SACCOPETALUM, Bennett. Trees. Leaves deciduous. Flowers axillary, solitary or fascicled. Sepals 3, small, valvate, Petals 6, valvatein 2 series ; outer small, like the sepals; inner much larger, erect or conniving, base saccate. Stamens indefinite ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective produced into a conspicuous appendage. Ovaries indefinite ; ovules 6 or more. Ape carpels subglo- bose.—Distris. Species 5, Eastern Asiatic, with one Australian.—Reduced to Miliusa by Baillon (Hist. des Plantes, 244). 1. S. longiflorum, 4. 7. é& 7. Fl. Ind. 151; leaves ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous above appressed pubescent beneath, peduncles very short solitary in the old axils, inner petals oblong-lanceolate, carpels glabrous. Eastern Beneat, near Purneah, Hamilton. A tree; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 8 by 3 in., thin, coriaceous, appressed-pybes- cent beneath; petiole in. Peduncles } in.; downy. Sepals and outer petals ¢ in., oblong ; inner petals 14 in., tapering to an obtuse point, thin, downy, base subsaccate. Carpels 1-1} in. diam., berried, black ; stalk 3 in. 2. S.tomentosum, H./.¢ 7. Fl. Ind. 152; leaves ovate or ovate- oblong acute glabrous above except the midrib pubescent or tomentose beneath, flowers cymose, peduncles long, inner petals oblong obtuse, Bed- dome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t.49. Uvaria tomentosa, Roawb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 35; Fl. Ind. ii. 667; Wall. Cat. 6472; W. & A. Prodr. 8. Terai of Nepat at Gorakpore, Orissa, and Bexar, from the Concan to TRAVANCOR. A large tree; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 24-3 in., sometimes glabrous when old, base obliquely cordate, pale beneath; petiole 4 in. lowers few, in leaf opposed or subterminal cymes, appearing with the leaves in short leafy branches; peduncles 2-3 in., slender, downy. Sepals and outer petals 3 in. ; inner petals @ in., oblong, obtuse, downy. Carpels 1 in. diam., purple, 3-4-seeded; stalk 4 in —Inter- mediate between Miliusa and Saccopetalum. 31S. sclerocarpum, H./. ¢ T.; leaves ovate or oblong obtuse or obtusely acuminate glabrous—Uvaria sclerocarpa, 4. DC. in Mem. Glenev. v. 27; Wall. Cat. 6461; H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind, 103. Marrtasan, Wallich. 2 A tree, branches glabrous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in., thin, coriaceous, base a little ciliate. Unripe carpels 4-8 in., ovoid, subacute, glabrous; stalks rather longer.—A very imperfectly known plant; certainly not a Uvaria, * 21. ALPHONSEA, H.f & T. Lofty trees. Leaves thick, coriaceous, glabrous shining. Flowers small or middle-sized, in leaf-opposed rarely extra-axillary peduncled fascicles. Sepals 3, small, valvate. Petals 6, valvate in 2 series, larger than the sepals, equal or the inner rather smaller. Zorus cylindric or hemispheric. Stamens indefinite, loosely packed ; anther-cells dorsal, contiguous ; connective api- culate. Ovaries 1 or more; style oblong or depressed ; ovules 4-8, in 2 Alphonsea. | Iv. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 89 series on the ventral suture. Carpels subsessile or stalked—Dusrrin. Species 3, all Indian.—Baillon Hist, 215, unites this genus with Bocagea, 1, A. ventricosa, H. f. dé T. Fl. Ind. 152; leaves narrow-oblong long- acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers in fascicled short racemes, pedi- cels 3-1 in. bracteolate at the base and middle, carpels tomentose long- stalked.—Uvaria ventricosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 658; Wall. Cat. 6453. Assam, Currracone, ANDAMANS, Penane. A lofty tree; branches glabrous, young brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-10 by 14-4 in., base rounded or subacute, young pubescent on the midrib, pale and conspicuously veined beneath ; petiole 4 in., puberulous. Flowers numerous, greenish-white, odorous ; racemes tomentose ; pedicels 4-1 in., with an ovate median and basal bracteole. Sepals small, broad ovate, connate below. Petals 3 in., ovate-oblong, brown-tomentose outside. Ovaries about 10, villous; style oblong. Carpels 1-14 in. diam. ; ovoid or subglobose ; stalk nearly as long. _ 2, A,lutea, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 153; leaves ovate-oblong glabrous ob- tusely acuminate, flowers subcapitate, carpels tomentose subsessile. Thwaites Linum. 399 ; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind: Or.t.91. Uvaria lutea, Roawb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 36; 77. Ind. ii. 666 (not of Wall. nor W.d A.). Uvaria Russellii, Wail. Cat. 6464. From Sinner to Peau, Beddome; mountains of Orissa; Cexton, Reigam Corle, Thwaites. A tree ; young branches brown-pubescent. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., base rounded, pale and conspicuously nerved beneath with puberulous costa and nerves; petiole $-} in, and midrib at first pubescent. Flowers in dense leaf-opposed fascicles ; peduncle and very short pedicels densely browu-tomentose. Sepals orbicular. Petals % in., ovate, densely tomentose. Ovaries about 10, densely villous; style oblong. Carpels 1-14 in., broad ovoid, obtuse at both ends; stalk very short. 3. A. zeylanica, H. f. & J. Fl. Ind. 153 (incorrect as to fruit) ; leaves lanceolate acute or long acuminate glabrous shining above, flowers few in leaf-opposed or extra-axillary fascicles, carpels smooth, tomentose stalked. Beddome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 90. Uvaria lutea var. a, W. & A. Prodr. 8 - (excl. syn.). Guatteria acutifolia, Wall. Cat, 6438 D. ; Travancor, at Courtalam, -Wight; Czyton, Central Province, alt. 3-4000 ft., Walker, &c. ef ale ae A tree; young branches downy. Leaves 24-4 by 4-1 in., hpi obtuse, midrib puberulous beneath when young; petiole 4-4 in., slender. Flowers yellow-green; eduncle very short, tomentose; pedicels 3} in., pubescent; bracteole small, basal. tals 4-2 in., downy outside, glabrous within. Ovaries 5; style depressed. Carpels 1-14 in. diam., subglobose ; stalk 1-14 in., stout. 4. A. sclerocarpa, Thwaites Enum. 11 ; leaves lanceolate obtuse gla- brous, flowers fascicled on a very short extra-axillary peduncle, pedicels short carpels bony warted subsessile tomentose. , Ceyton, at Haragam, &c., Thwaites. A tree; branches glabrous; buds brown-tomentose. Leaves 2-34 by 3-14 in., base acute, pale beneath; pee 4-i in. Flowers numerous, ochreons-yellow; pedicels 1 in., brown-pilose, with a basal and median bracteole. Sepals very small. Petals 4 in., hairy outside. Stamens 15, 2-3-seriate. Ovaries 3-5; style depressed. Carpels 1-2 in., yellow, ovoid or subglobose ; stalk short. 5, A. madraspatana, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 92; leaves lanceo- late elliptic-ovate or oblong obtuse, flowers fascicled on leaf-oppased or - supra-axillary peduncles, carpels ovoid. 90 Iv. ANONACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Alphonsea, By streams in Masor and the Carnatic, Beddome. | . : An umbrageous tree. Leaves 34 by 14 in., much reticulated beneath ; petioles 3 in., glabrous or puberulous.; Flowers 1-6, bright yellow; peduncles very short; pedicels 4-4 in., puberulous; bracteole infra-median. Sepals small, ovate. Petals 3 in., puberu- lous outside. Stamens 12, 2-seriate. Ovaries 3-4; style subglobose, slightly curved ; ovules about 8; 2-seriate. Carpels yellow-tomentose. ar yc? 6. A. Maingayi, H./.dé T. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate ob- tusely or subacutely acuminate shining above reticulate and pubescent beneath, flowers solitary or in loose supra-axillary racemes, ripe carpels very short-stalked tomentose. Matacca, Maingay. A middle sized or lofty tree; branches black, young rusty-tomentose. Leave 3-7 by 14-24 in., base acute or rounded, hard, coriaceous, pale yellow-brown, rusty beneath, petiole 4-} in., rusty. Flowers % in. diam. ; peduncles qs-14 in. and very short pe- dicels rusty-tomentose; bracts small. Sepals y's in. Outer petals ovate, recurved, pubescent outside; inner similar but rather smaller. Torus 6-angled. Filaments broad short fleshy; anther cells small, diverging below. Stigma sessile ; ovules about 20. Carpels 2 by 1 in., obtuse, smooth. Seeds many, smooth. 7, A. elliptica, H./. & T.; leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate acuminate shining above glabrous reticulate, nerves very slender, flowers solitary or in 2-3-flowered racemes, peduncle short multibracteate. Matacca, Maingay. aa A tree ?; branches rugose, quite glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-1$ in., tip acute or obtuse, base acute, thin, coriaceous, nearly concolorous, nerves about 5 on a side, venules reticulate on both surfaces; petiole $-} in. Flowers 3 in. diam. ; peduncles very short, bracts many short orbicular persistent; pedicels 4-3 in., slender, curved, bracteoles minute, median. Petals appressed-pubescent ; outer broad-ovate, revolute ; inner rather smaller. Stamens imbricate in several series, apiculate; anther-cells oblong. Ovaries linear-oblong, silky ; stigma subsessile; ovules many, 2-seriate. 22. OROPHEA, Blume. ‘ Trees‘or shrubs, Flowers usually small, axillary solitary, fascicled or cymose. Sepals 3, valvate, Petals 6, valvate in 2 series ; outer ovate ; inner clawed, cohering by their margins into a mitriform cap. Stamens definite, 6-12, ovoid, fleshy ; anther-cells dorsal, large, contiguous. Ovaries 3-15; style short or 0; ovules 4, Rzpe carpels 1- or more-seeded (very long in O. enterocarpa).—DistriB. Species about 16 ; all Eastern Asiatic_—Interme- diate between Matrephora and Bocagea, having the perianth of the former and stamens of the latter. 1. O. uniflora, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 111; leaves elliptic-oblong or lan- ceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary axillary, stamens 12 ee carpels globose glabrous short-stalked, Beddome Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. . 69. Forests of Travancor at Courtalam, Wight. A shrub or small tree; branches glabrous; buds pubescent. Leaves 14-2} by 3-1in., thin, coriaceous, base acute, pale beneath; petiole gin. Flowers solitary; pedicels 4-4 in., slender; bracteoles several, minute, basal, and 1 median. . Sepals minute, orbi- cular, ciliate. Outer petals % in,, ovate or orbicular, membranous, glabrate ; inner 4 in., trapezoid, tapering into the narrow claw. Ovaries 6; ovules 2. Carpels 4 in. diam., brown-black, 2. O. zeylanica, H. f, & T. Fl. Ind. 111; leaves ovate or oblong shortly and obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles solitary or fascicled Orophea.| Iv, ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 91 axillary, stamens 6, carpels globose glabrous short-stalked, Thwaites Enum. 8; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 70. Forests of Canara and Coore, Stocks, &c.; and Crynon in the Central Province, Thwaites. A small tree or shrub; branchlets yellow-pubescent. Leaves 2-34 by 1-13 in., thin, coriaceous, base suboblique rounded or retuse, young puberulous beneath; petiole 2.3, in. ers greenish-brown, $ in. diam.; peduncles 1-2 in., 1-4-flowered, slender, pubes- cent; peduncle with a basal bract. Sepals and outer petals orbicular, acute, veined, downy ; inner petals larger, trapezoid, glabrous, margins pubescent. Carpels 4 in.diam. 3, O. Thomsoni, Beddome infTrans. Linn. Soc. xxv. ; Ic, Plant. Ind. Or. t. 67 ; leaves ovate-oblong obtusely taper-pointed glabrous, peduncle axillary 3-flowered strigose, stamens 10-12 2-seriate, carpels pisiform, Anamally forests, Travancor, alt. 1500-2000 ft., Beddome. A small tree. Leaves 1-14 -2 by 1-14 in., midrib beneath pubescent; petiole gr-@ in. Pedunele and pedicels very short ; bracteoles minute basal. Sepals and outer petals strigose ; inner pubescent, especially inside. Ovaries 5-6, hairy; ovules 2. 4, O. erythrocarpa, Beddome in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 53; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 68 ; leaves oblong abruptly acuminate glabrous above pubescent be-- neath, peduncles axillary or supra-axillary 3-4-flowered tomentose, stamens 12, 6 outer rather imperfect, carpels oblong. Anamally forests in Travancor, alt. 1500-2500 ft., Beddome. A middle sized tree; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves 2-34 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, most pubescent on the midrib beneath ; petiole 4-4 in., pubescent. Flowers very small; peduncle 1 in., tomentose ; bracts many, minute, imbricate below the fruit or flower ; pedicels with a linear basal and a supra-median bracteole. Sepals orbicular. Outer petals ovate, acute, margins and outer surface pubescent ; inner 4 in., claw gla- brous, limb trapezoid hairy. Ovaries 6, densely strigose ; ovules 2. Carpels red. Seed solitary, scrobiculate. ‘ 5. O. polycarpa, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v.39 ; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate obtusely acuminate glabrous, peduncles axillary or supra- axillary slender 1-3-flowered sparsely hairy, stamens 6, carpels pisiform glabrous long-stalked. H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 111; Wall. Cat. 6431; Griffith Le. Pl. Ind. Or. iv. t. 654. Marrazan, Waillich; Anpamans, Kurz. A tree ?; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves 4-5 by 1-12 in., thin, coriaceous, points long, shining above ; petiole 7, in. Peduwncles 1-2 in., slender; bracts several, small, remote, linear. Sepals ovate, acute, ciliate. Outer petals orbicular, ciliate ; inner twice as large, tip and margins downy. Carpels 9-12; stalk nearly as long.— Our specimens have bud and fruit only. 6. O. acuminata, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 39 ; leaves oblong or lanceolate long and finely acuminate glabrous above softly pubescent on the midrib and veins beneath, peduncle 1-3-flowered axillary or supra-axillary slender, stamens 6. Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind. 112; Wall, Cat. 6432. Trwnasserim, Wallich. . 7 A tree ; branches slender, young densely pubescent. Leaves 4-6 by 1-1] in., thin, conspicuously reticulate beneath ; petiole ¢,-¢ in., pubescent. Peduncles 1 in., pubes- cent; bracts several, subulate, hairy. Sepals minute, ovate-lanceolate, densely hairy. Outer petals small, ovate, thin, hairy; inner as in O. zeylanica, Ovaries 6, densely strigose ; ovules 2. ‘ 7. O. Brandisii, H. f. & T.; leaves obovate-lanceolate tapering to a very slender point glabrous above hairy beneath, peduncles 2-3-flowered supraraxillary slender, stamens 12, 3 fertile and 9 imperfect. 92 IV. ANONACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Orophea, Marrasan and Psev, Brandis; Pseu, Kurz. : - Branches softly brown-tomentose. Leaves 6-8 by 2-3 in., thin, point very slender, base narrow rounded or subcordate; petiole 2, in., hairy. lowers Zin. diam. ; pe- duncles 1-1} in., pubescent; bract solitary basal. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, taper- pointed, softly hairy. Outer petals } in., ovate, tomentose, veined on both surfaces; inner 2 in., claw long narrow, limb subclavate thickened, slightly hairy, compressed, grooved in front. . Anther-cells large, obtusely apiculate. Ovaries 6, oblong, softly . villous with white hairs; style oblong, glabrous; ovule 1 on the ventral suture. 8. O. enterocarpa, Maingay mss. ; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or oblong lanceolate caudate-acuminate membranous, peduncles filiform supra- axillary, carpels very slender subtorulose. Matacca, very rare, Maingay. A tree; branchlets slender, black. Leaves 2-44 by 1-1} in., base acute or rounded, very thin, nerves slender; petiole 2, in. Flowers 4 in. diam., nodding; peduncle 3-1 in., 1-flowered; bracteole minute. Sepals minute. Outer petals ovate, acute, pubescent ; inner as long, silky, claws equalling the conical cap. Stamens 6, with 6 sta- minodes. Ovaries about 6, cylindric, 2-4-ovuled, hirsute. Carpels 4-6, 3-5 by §-4in., red, Seeds 2-4, linear-oblong, 1-seriate.—A very curious fruit. 23. BOCAGEA, St. Hilaire. Trees, eaves shining, and branches glabrous. Flowers small, terminal axillary or fascicled on -woody tubercles, 1-2-sexual. Sepals orbicular or ovate, imbricate. Petals 6, imbricate in 2-series, nearly equal, usually orbi- cular, concave. Stamens 6-21, imbricate in 2 or more series, broadly oblong thick, fleshy ; anther-cells dorsal, oblong ; connective produced. Ovaries 3-6; style short, stigma obtuse or capitate ovules 1 or 2-8 on the ventral suture. Ripe carpels globose, stalked.—DistR1B. Species about 12, tropical Asiatic and American. 1. B. elliptica, H. f. & T.; leaves narrow-oblong obtuse or acute, flowers moncecious, sepals ciliate, stamens 12-18, ovaries 3. Uvaria ellip-. tica, A. DC. in Mem. Soc. Genev. v. 27; Wall. Cat. 6470, 7421. Sagerea elliptica, ZH. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 93. Diospyros? frondosa, Wall, Cat. 4125. Tenasserim to Penana, Wallich; Mauacca, Maingay. bd A tree; young branches angular. Leaves 8-12 by 24-4 in., thick, coriaceous, base acute obtuse rounded or cordate, nerves spreading; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers axillary and solitary or fascicled on cauline tubercles, small, red, “ monecious,” Jaingay ; pedi- cels 3 in., bracteoles several, basal, and 1 orbicular median. Sepals glabrous. Petals 3 in. long, ovoid, ciliate. Connective subquadrate, anthers extrorse, Mainyay. Ovaries glabrous, ovules about 8. Carpels 1 in. diam., globose, smooth, several seeded; stalk very short. 2. B. Thwaitesii, 7. /. & T. ; leaves narrow-oblong obtuse, flowers fascicled on the large branches 2-sexual, sepals glabrous, stamens about 21, ovaries 3, stigma 2-lobed. Sagereea Thwaitesii, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 94; Thwaites Enum. 6; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 41. Czyton; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, Thwaites. A tree. Leaves 8-12 by 3-44 in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, pale beneath; petiole 4-4 in. /lowers pale orange ; pedicels 2-4 in. ; bracteoles minute, basal. Sepals short, very obtuse. Petals 3 in., orbicular, glabrous, outer larger. Stamens reddish. Carpels 1 in. diam., subsessile. ’ 3. B. Dalzellii, H. f & T.; leaves narrow-oblong acute or obtuse, flowers 2-sexual in fascicles of 1-15 on woody tubercles, stamens 12-18, Bocagea. Iv. ANONACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 93 ovaries 3-5, stigma entire. Guatteria laurifolia, Graham Cat, Bombay Pl. 4. Sagereea laurina, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ, Bot. iii. 207; Bombay Flor.2; H. f.& T. Fl, Ind, 98. 8. Dalzelli, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, t. 42. Forests of the Concan, Graham; and Travancor, Beddome. A middle-sized tree. Leaves 5-9 by 14-2 in., thick, coriaceous, base acute or rounded; petiole 4 in. lowers crowded, white; pedicels 3-4 in.; bracteoles several, scaly, basal. Sepals orbicular. Petals 4 in., broad-ovate. Outer stamens sometimes without anthers. Ripe carpels 1 in. diam., globose, glabrous, subsessile. 4. B. coriacea, H./. & T. ; leaves ovate-lanceolate acute or subacute, flowers 1-3 2-sexual, stamens 9, ovaries 1-2. Orophea coriacea, Thwaites Enum. 8; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 71. Crvton, Central Province, alt. 8000 ft., Thwaites. A middle-sized tree. Leaves 3-6 by 14-23 in., thick, coriaceous, base rounded, dark green above, pale beneath ; petiole 7,-4 in. Flowers } in. diam., terminal in cauline pedicels } in., bracteoles basal, strigose. Sepals minute, deltoid, ciliate. Petals orbi- cular, outer purple outside, orange-brown inside; inner connivent, dark purple. Ovaries 2-ovuled. Carpels 4 in. diam., obliquely subglobose, glabrous, subsessile — We remove this and the following from Orophea to Bocagea on account of the habit and apparently imbricate outer petals; the inner petals have no claws. 5. B. obliqua, H. 7. & T.; leaves oblong or lanceolate acute or acumi- nate, flowers 1-3 together 2-sexual terminal or cauline, pedicels very short, stamens 6 in 2 series, ovaries 3. Orophea? obliqua, Z. f. & 7. Fl. Ind.112; Thwaites Enum. 8; Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 72. Crytoy, in the Galle and Ratnapoora districts, Gardner, &c. A middle-sized tree. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., coriaceous, base oblique, pale beneath ; petiole #, in. Flowers minute, purple. Sepals ciliate. Petals orbicular, outer spreading, inner connivent (imbricate or subvalvate, Thw.) Ovaries 2-ovuled, stigmas depressed. Carpels } in. diam., red-brown. 24, RINGSTONTIA, H. f. & T. A tree. Flowers fascicled on cauline tubercles, 2-sexual. Sepals 3, bases connate ovate, acute persistent. Petals 6; outer ovate, valvate; inner smaller, oblong, imbricate. Stamens about 12, filaments half the length of the extrorse anther-cells; connective obliquely truncate. Ovary 1; stigma sessile peltate, crenate; ovules few. Ripe carpel globose. Seeds several, 2-seriate. 1, K.nervosa, H. f.& T. ; leaves elliptic or linear-oblong acuminate glabrous or puberulous on the nerves beneath. Matacca, Maingay. f i Branches woody, young rusty-pubescent.. Leaves 4-8 by 2-3 in., base rounded, thin, coriaceous, opaque; nerves many oblique strong; petiole } in., pubescent. lowers 3 in. long, in fascicles of 8-10; peduncles 5-4 in, slender, rusty-pubescent ; bracts small orbicular, basal, imbricate. Sepals zy in., ferruginous. Petals ashy-pubescent, subacute ; inner one-third smaller. COarpels:1 in. diam., on stout woody peduncles, densely rusty-tomentose: walls very thick.—Differs from Bocagea in the valvate not orbicular outer petals, smaller inner, solitary carpel, and pubescent branches. 25, LONCHOMERA, H.f. & T. A tree. Leaves shining. Flowers small, in axillary fascicles. Sepals 3, broad-ovate, acute. Petals 6, in 2 series ; outer lanceolate, flat, spreading, 94 Iv. ANONACEE. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Lonchomera, valvate ; inner smaller andbroader, Stamens 8-12, loosely imbricate, broadly cuneate, thick ; anther-cells lateral, introrse. Z'orus small, slightly concave, pubescent. Ovary solitary, glabrous, sessile, contracted into a very short style, stigma subcapitate ; ovules 2, superposed, “‘ Ripe carpels elliptic, api- culate, succulent, glabrous, 2-seeded. Seeds plano-convex; testa osseous,” Maingay. 1. GB. leptopoda, ZH. f. & T.; leaves oblong or elliptic obtusely acumi- nate or acute. ; Matacca, Maingay. : A middle-sized tree ; branches black, young granulate. Leaves 24-4 by 1-1} in, concolorous, hardly shining, thin, coriaceous, base rounded or acute, reticulate on both surfaces, nerves very slender, subhorizontal; petiole 4 in., slender, naked. Flowers 3 in. long; peduncles 2-6, 4-3 in., hoary ; bracts small, basal, obtuse. Sepals connate below, tomentose. Petals tomentose on both surfaces, inner like the outer but one- third shorter and much broader. Ovary ovoid.—The fruits enclosed in a cover with the specimens do not accord with Maingay’s character (see Genus), they are 14-13 in, long, elliptic-ovoid, top rounded, base rather contracted, walls obscurely warted. Seed oblong-cylindric, apparently enclosed ia a dry aril which adheres vertically to one side of the cavity ; albumen horny, slightly ruminated ; embryo half the length of the seed, cotyledons linear-oblong, thin; radicle cylindric, } the length of the cotyledons. Orver V. MENISPERMACE ZS. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Climbing or twining rarely sarmentose shrubs. eaves alternate, entire or lobed, usually palminerved ; stipules 0. lowers small or minute, soli- tary fascicled cymose or racemed, dicecious, sometimes 3-bracteolate. Sepals 6 (rarely 1-4, or 9-12), usually free, imbricate in 2-4 series, outer often minute. Petals 6 (rarely 0 or 1-5), free or connate. ¢ FLowers: Stamens hypogynous, usually one opposite each petal, filaments free or connate; anthers free or connate, 2-celled. Rudimentary carpels small or 0. 9 FLow=rs: Staminodes 6 or 0. Ovaries 3 (rarely 1, or 6-12) ; style terminal, simple or divided; ovules solitary (2 in /ibraurea), usually amphitropous. Ripe carpels drupaceous, with the style-scar subterminal, or by excentric growth subbasal. Seed usually hooked or reniform, often curved round an intru- sion of the endocarp (condyle Miers), albumen even or ruminate or 0; coty- ledons flat or semiterete, foliaceous or fleshy, appressed or spreading.—A Jarge tropical Order ; genera 32; species about 100. In this Order we adhere to the classification of the genera, and limitation of the spe- cies, adopted in our Flora Indica (1855), at variance as these are with our friend Mr. Miers’ views (Contributions to Botany, iii., 1871); this we do after the careful exa- mination of the Order by Bentham and Hooker (Gen. Plant. 1862), a further study of the Indian species by one of us in their native jungles and in the Calcutta Botanic Garden, ‘and a review of Eichler’s valuable monograph of the Brazilian species in Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis (1864). The divergence between Mr. Miers’ conclusions and our own amounts to his adopting for the Indian plants of the Order, 6 tribes, 26 genera, and upwards of 90 species, as against our 4 tribes, 19 genera, and 35 species. e are far from affirming that a few of our 35 species may not embrace two or more, but we ie no evidence of this in the materials upon which Mr. Miers and ourselves have worked. Trisel, Tinespores. Flowers 3-merous. Ovaries usually 3. Drupes with a subterminal rarely ventral or subbasal style-scar. Seed oblong or subglobose ; albumen copious or scanty; cotyledons foliac 1: spreading laterally. oe pci ei V. MENISPERMACEH. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) 95 * Drupes with a terminal or subterminal style-scar. Sepals 12; filaments connate . 1. Asprocarya, Sepals 6; filaments connate . . .' 2. PaRsBaNA, Sepals 6; petals 6; filaments free 3. Tinospora. Sepals 9; petals 6; filaments free ee « « «@ « 4 Tivomiscrum. Sepals 6; petals 0; filaments free . . . .. . . . . 5. Fisraurea, * Drupes with a subbasal style-scar. Sepals 6; filaments all connate . . . . . .. . «66. Awamirra, Sepals 9; outer filaments free . 7. Coscrnrum. Tripe IL Coceculeze. Flowers 3-merous, Ovaries usually 3. Drupe with a subbasal rarely subterminal 'style-scar. Seed horse-shoe shaped, albumen copious ; embryo slender, cotyledons linear or slightly dilated. - Petals 6, minute; ovaries 83-12; style subulate . . . . . 8. Tiuracora. Petals 5-8; ovaries 3; styles compressed . . . . . . . Q. Limacta. Petals 6; ovaries 3-6; styles subulate. . . . . . . . 10. Coccunus. Petals 6; ovaries 3; styles forked . . . . . . . . . 11. Pericameytus. TriseE II]. Cissampelidew. Flowers 3-5-merous. Ovaries usually solitary. Drupe with a subbasal style-scar ; endocarp dorsally muricate or echinate. Seed horse-shoe shaped, albumen scanty ; embryo linear, cotyle- dons appressed. Sepals 6-10, free; petals of gf and 9 8-5free . . . . . 12. Srepwanta. Sepals 4, free; petals of ¢ 4 connate,of 91. . . . . . 18. CissampPEzos. Sepals 4-8, connate; petals of g 4-8 connate, of 91 . . . 14. CycnEa. Sepals 4-8, connate; petals of g 0, of 2 2 saccate . . . . 15. LorpHorHyium, Tre lV. Pachygones. Flowers. usually 3-merous. Ovaries usually 3. Drupes with a subbasal or ventral style-scar. Seed curved hooked or inflexed, albumen 0; cotyledons thick fleshy. Sepals, petals and stamens, 6 each . . . . . . « ~ «16. Pacuycone. Sepals and petals 6 each; stamens9 . . .. . « « . 17, PycnrarRHENa. Sepals 9-12; petals and stamens 6each . . . . . . . 18, Hamarocarpus, Sepals 8; petals 2; stamens4. . . . . . « . - ~ . 19, Anriraxis, 1, ASPIDOCARYA, H. f. & T. A climber. Flowers in slender panicles. Sepals 12, 2-4-seriate, inner broader. Petals 6, short, cuneate. Maze fl.: Amnthers 6, encircling the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Femate fl. : Stami- nodes 6,'clavate. Ovaries 3; stigmas subcapitate. Drupes dorsally com- pressed, style-scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, keeled dorsally, not intruded, margins winged, toothed. -Seed oblong, flat ; cotyledons folia- ceous, base divaricate, then parallel. ], A. uvifera, H. f, & T. Fl. Ind. 180; leaves subpeltate ovate-cordate, Miers Contrib. iii. 58, t. 99. Subtropical forests of Sixxrm, alt. 1-5000 ft., A. fi. & T. : : Branches slender, terete. Leaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., 'long-acuminate, tip obtuse, base sometimes subsagittate, nerves beneath hairy; petiole 3-4 in., cylindric. Panieles 4-8 in., pubescent. Sepals greenish, ciliate. Petals concave. Drupes 3-1 in.; en- docarp woody, fragile. 2, PARABZENA, Miers. A climber, juice milky. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, Sepals 6, subequal. etalsmuch smaller. | Matz fl.: Anthers 6, horizontal, encircling 96 V. MENISPERMACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Parabena, the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely, Frmate fl.: Stami- nodes 6, cylindric- Ovaries 3; styles subulate, recurved. Drupes ovoid, style- scar subterminal ; endocarp subglobose, dorsally spinulose, ventrally con- cave. Seed pitted, curved, ventrally concave ; cotyledons foliaacous, ovate, spreading. 1. P. sagittata, Miers Contrib. iii. 57, t. 98 ; leaves cordate or sagit- tate obtusely acuminate. H.f. dé 7. Fl. Ind.181. P. oleracea, petero- phylla and ferruginea, Miers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 39. Cissampelos sagittata, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 4983. C. oleracea, Wall. Cat. 4984. Tropical forests from Nreau and the Kaasra sutxs, to Ava and Cuirracone. Glabrous pubescent or softly tomentose; branchlets grooved. Leaves 2-8 by 2-4 in, 5-7-nerved, young sinuate-toothed, older entire; petiole 3-4 in. Cymes usually ge- minate, many-flowered. Flowers minute. Sepals subacute. Petals obovate-cuneate, tip often 3-lobed. Drupes greenish. 3. TINOSPORA, Miers. Climbing shrubs. lowers in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles, Sepals 6, 2-seriate, inner larger membranous. Petals 6, smaller. Mate fi. : Stamens 6, filaments free, tips thickened; anther-cells obliquely adnate, bursting obliquely. Frmaze fl.: Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 3; stigmas forked. Drupes 1-3, dorsally convex, ventrally flat ; style-scar subterminal ; endocarp rugose, dorsally keeled, ventrally concave, Seed grooved ventrally or curved round the intruded sub-2-lobed endocarp, albumen ventrally rumi- nate; cotyledons foliaceous, ovate, spreading.—Distri, Species about 8, tropical Asiatic and African. 1, fT. tomentosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 33 ; leaves orbicular-cordate, more or less 3-lobed pubescent above tomentose beneath. H. f. & 7 Fl. Ind. 183. Cocculus tomentosus, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 50; Wall. Cat. 4956, Menisp. tomentosum, Roxb. Fl. End. iii. 813. Tropical thickets in Bencau, Roxburgh, and Ava, Wallich. Bark pustular ; shoots tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., tomentose on both surfaces ; petiole as long. acemes usually simple, solitary or fascicled. Flowers fascicled in the axils or deciduous bracts. Drupes pisiform, orange-yellow, endocarp tubercled, 2. Tf. malabarica, Jliers Contrib. iii. 32 ; leaves ovate-cordate acumi- nate pubescent above almost woolly beneath. 2. f & 7. Fl. Ind. 183. Meunisp. malabaricum, Lamk, Cocculus malabaricus, OC. Prodr.i. 97: Wall. Cat. 4969 ; Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 19. . WESTERN PENinsuLa ; Srxxm; Kuasra mrivs and Carrragone. rng ecg i aor with white hairs. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., 7-nerved ; petiole 4 in., terete, hairy. acemes 3-6 in.; flowers green. Drupes red.—Miers distinguishes the Khasia and Chittagong specimens as var. scabridula. = 3. 'T. crispa, Miers Contrib. iii. 34; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong acuminate glabrous stamens adnate to the base of the petals, drupe elliptic- oblong. H. f. & T. Fl, Ind. 183. Menispermum crispum, Z. M. verrucosum, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 808. M. tuberculatum, Lamk. Cocculus crispus DC. Prodr.i. 97. C. verrucosus, Wall. Cat. 4966 A, B. ; From Situer and Assam to Peeu and Maracca.—Distrie. Mala Islands Bark warted; shoots glabrous. Leaves 2-6 by 1-4 in., eutire or eae sometimes sub- sagittate, basal lobes distant ; petiole 1-3 in. Hacemes 4-8 in., on the old wood, solitary or fascicled. Flowers 2-3 in the axils of ovate fleshy bracts, in. long, green, campanulate Tinospora.| V, MENISPERMACER, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 97 Anthers square. Drupes size of an olive, pale yellow.—Miers distinguishes the Khasia plant as var. nitidiuscula, probably a distinct species. 4, ©. cordifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 31; leaves cordate glabrous, sta- mens free, ripe carpels pisiform. T. palminervis, Miers J.c. 81. Menisp. cordifolium, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind, iti. 811. Cocculus cordifolius, DC. Prodr. . i. 97; Wall. Cat. 4955; W. & A. Prodr. 12; Wight Ic. t, 385, 486. ©, con- volvulaceus, DC. Prodr. i. 97. C. verrucosus, Wall. Cat. 4966 C, D, £ ; Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 21. ; Throughout tropical India, from Kumaon to Assam and Brrma, and from Benar and Concan to Cuyton and the Carnatic. Bark corky; shoots glabrous. eaves 2-4 in. diam., acute or acuminate ; petiole 14-3 in. Racemes exceeding the leaves, axillary terminal or on the old wood ; bracts subulate. Flowers yellow, males fascicled, females usually solitary, glabrous. Petals cuneate. Anthers oblong. Drupes size of a pea or small cherry, red. ‘5.2 0. uliginosa, Miers Contrib. iii. 35; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, veins reticulate, drupe as in 7’. crispa, but endocarp thinner. Sincapore, Maingay. : Maingay’s mss. contain an excellent analysis of the fruit of this and 7. crispa, .and the only difference between them that I perceive is that the endocarp of this is thin and -erustaceous, with a deeper longitudinal groove; the cotyledons are somewhat crumpled in both. The leaves are less shining than in the original T. uliginosa of Java, the fruit of which is undescribed. 4, TINOMISCIUM, Miers. A scandent shrub, juice milky. Jluwers racemed. Sepals 9, with 3 bracts. Petals 6, oblong, margins incurved. Matz fl. : Stamens 6, filaments flattened ; anthers oblong, adnate, bursting vertically. Rudimentary carpels 3. Fem fl: unknown. Drupes much compressed, ovoid-oblong, style- scar terminal ; endocarp much compressed, dorsally convex, ventrally flat or slightly concave, not intruded. Seed almost flat, oblong ; cotyledons quite flat, nearly as broad as the thin layer of albumen, very thin, closely appressed ; radicle short cylindric.—Dystrip, 3 E. Asiatic species. 1. B. petiolare, Miers Contrib. iii. 45, t. 94; leaves ovate-oblong -eoriaceous. H.f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 205. Cocculus petiolaris, Wall. Cat. 6964. Penane, Wallich; Srncavors, Maingay. : Young shoots brown-tomentose. Leaves 4-6 by 24-4 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse or acuminate, glabrous, very coriaceous, base truncate or rounded, reticulate between the 8-5 nerves; petiole 3-4 in. Racemes 4-10 in., on tubercles in the upper racemes, or alternate along the branches, brown-tomentose ; flowers minute, solitary or fascicled ; pedicels short. Sepals puberulous. Petals notched. Drupes 3-1 in., endocarp thick woody.—Foliage very similar indeed to that of F'ibraurea tinctoria, but nervules beneath prominent, reticulate. ‘There are two flowerless plants in Hook. Herb., both collected by Griffith, and per- hays species of Tinomisciwm ; one has membranous elliptic-lanceolate acuminate leaves, and fruit 1 in. long, with a very woody endocarp; the other has broad ovate-cordate acuminate membranous leaves, and similar but flatter fruit with a thin endocarp ; this last clogely resembles 7. javanicum, Miers. 5, FIBRAUREA, Loureiro. A lofty climbing glabrous shrub. Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers in large axillary panicles, dicecious. Sepals 6, with VOL, L H 98 V. MENISPERMACEZ. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [Fibraurea, 3° minute bracts, inner larger. Petals 0. Mate fl.: Stamens 6, filaments clavate; anthers terminal, adnate, cells spreading, bursting vertically ‘Fema fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3, ovoid, 2-ovuled ; stigma sessile, punc-- tiform. Drupes 3, 1-seeded, oblong, terete, style-scar subterminal ; endo- carp oblong, dorsally convex, ventrally flattened and channelled, hardly intruded, Seed oblong, terete, reniform ona transverse section, albumen copious, horny ; cotyledons foliaceous, longitudinally curved, oblong, very thin ; radicle short, cylindric. 1. FB. tinetoria, Zour. J7. Coch. ii. 769; leaves _3-nerved from the base or above the base. A. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 204. F. tinctoria, fasciculata, and chloroleuca, Miers Contrib, iii, 41, 42, t. 93. Cocculus Fibraurea, DC. Prodr. i, 99. Penane, Phillips; Mauacca, Grifith—Drsrrip. Cochin-China,. Borneo. ‘ Branches pale; bark lax. Leaves 4-7 by 2-4 in., elliptic-ovate or oblong, thick, coriaceous, obtusely acuminate, shining above, pale beneath, 3-plinerved from the base or above it; petiole 14-3 in., striate, subangular. Panicles often fascicled, much branched from the base, buds globose; fruiting panicle 1 ft., woody ; peduncles $-1 in, Drupes 1 in.—We await evidence of there being more than one known species of this genus, pending which we adhere to the opinion expressed in Flora Indica. Leaves like those of Tinomiscium petiolare, but not reticulate beneath. As Griffith | (mss. in Herb. Hook.) correctly observes, there are 2 superposed ovules in each ovary, of which the upper only becomes a seed. 6. ANAMIRTA, Colebrooke. ‘A climbing shrub. Flowers panicled. Sepals 6, with 2 appressed bracts, Petals 0. Mate fl. : Anthers sessile, on a stout column, 2-celled bursting trans- versely. Fem. fl.: Staminodes 9, clavate, 1-seriate. Ovaries 3, on a short gynophore ; stigma subcapitate, reflexed. Drupes on a 3-fid gynophore, obliquely ovoid, dorsally. gibbous, style-scar subbasal; endocarp woody. Seed globose, embracing the subglobose hollow intruded endocarp, albumen dense, of horny granules; embryo curved, cotyledons narrow-oblong thin, spreading. 1. A. Cocculus, W. & A. Prodr. i. 446 ; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate rarely oblong-ovate. H. f. d& 7. Fl. Ind. 185. A. paniculata, Coleb, A. flavescens and: toxifera, Miers Contrib. iii. 51. Menisp. Cocculus, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl, Ind. iii.807. M. heteroclitum, Rowb. U.c. 817. Cocculus.lacunosus, DC. Prodr, i, 97, C. suberosus DC. lc. ; W. & A. Prodr.i. 11; Wall. Cat. . 4954. C. populifolius, DC. de. Eastern Beneat; Kuasra mitts; Assam; and from Concan and Orissa to CEYLON, —Disrrie. Malayan Islands. Bark corky ; shoots stout, glabrous, striate. Leaves 4-8 in.!long, as broad or narrower, acute or acuminate, base rarely acute, glabrous above, hairy in the nerve-axils beneath, base 3 nerved; petiole 2-6 in. Panicles on the vld branches 1-14 ft., pendulous, Flowers }.in. diam., glabrous. Sepals deciduous. Drupes 3 in., black, glabrous. 7, COSCINIUM, Colebrooke. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in dense globose heads. Sepals 6, with a bract, orbicular. Petals 3, large, spreading, elliptic. Maze fl. : Stamenis 6, filaments cylindric, 3 inner connate to the middle ; anthers adnate, outer 1- inner 2- celled, bursting vertically. Frm, fl. : Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3-6, subglobose ; styles subulate, reflexed. Drupes globose ; endocarp bony. Seed globose, Coscinium.| V. MENISPERMACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 99 embracing a globose intrusion of the endocarp; albumen fleshy, ruminate in the ventral face ; embryo straight, cotyledons orbicular, spreading, thin, sinuate, laciniate, or fenestrate.—DustRi. Species 2; tropical Asiatic. 1. ©. fenestratum, Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 65; leaves slightly peltate suborbicular yellow-tomentose beneath, heads umbelled, cotyledons laciniate. Miers in Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 6458; Contrib. iii. 22, t.88; Hf. é& T. Fl. Ind. \78. C. Wallichianum and Wightianum, Miers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii. 37. Menisp. fenestratum, Gaertn. ; DC. Prodr.i. 103 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind, iti. 809. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Cat. 4971 (partly). Pereira medica, Lindl, Fl. Med. 370. Western Peninsuia, Herb. Wight; Matacoa, Maingay; Sincarons, Wallich ; Ceyton, Central and Southern provinces. (Specimens all imperfect.) Young shoots hoary-tomentuse. Leaves 5-7 by 4-6 in., young oblong-deltoid ob- scurely peltate, acuminate, glabrous above, hoary and reticulate beneath ; petiole 3-5 in. Heads 4-3 in. diam. ; pedicels 1 in. Flowers green. Petals orbicular, acute, and sepals persistent. Drupes 1-3, 4 in. diam., subglobose, villous. Perhaps 3 species are confounded here. Wight’s has smaller broader and more membranous leaves, whiter beneath; the Malayan are more tomentose. 2. GC. Blumeanum, Miers Contrib. iii. 23; leaves deeply peltate, thick coriaceous ovate or oblong white-tomentose beneath, heads racemed. ° Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 179. Cocculus Blumeanus, Wall. Cat. 5971 (partly). Prnana, Sincarorg, and Mauacca, Wallich, &c. Branches woolly. Leaves 7-12 by 3-6 in., peltate obtuse or acuminate, dark-green and shining above ; petiole 3-5 in. Racemes 3-4 in., stout, tomentose, peduncles 1 in. % ‘Maingay’s collection contains fruits of a Cosctnium from Malacca, of which he de- scribes the cotyledons as fenestrate; the carpels are 1{-14 in. diam., globose, bright yellow, sarcocarp very thick, endocarp woody ; seed 3 in. diam., albumen so hard that we have failed to remove the cotyledons so as to verify Maingay’s description; it was ‘accompanied with leaves and flowers of Fibrawrea (Distrib. Hb. Maingay, 115). + A fourth species in Maingay’s herbarium has leaves like C. fenestratum, but more peltate, pale brown beneath, with very appressed pubescence; a similar plant grows in Java and Sumatra. 8. TILIACORA, Colebrooke. Aclimbing shrub. Flowers in axillary panicles, dicecious or polygamous, Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer much smaller. Petals 6, minute, cuneate. fl.: Stamens 6, filaments subcylindric ; anthers adnate, bursting vertically. Fem, fl.: Rudimentary carpels 3, Ovaries 3-12; styles short subulate. Drupes obovoid, pedicelled, subcompressed, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp thin, obscurely ribbed, grooved on both sides. Seed hooked, albumen oily, ruminate ; cotyledons linear, fleshy, plano-convex appressed, 1, Z. racemosa, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xiii. 67 ; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate. vers Contrib. iii. 76, t. 104. T. fraternaria, cuspidiformis and abnormalis, Miers, ic. 77, 78. T. acuminata, Miers in Tayl, Ann. Ser. 2, vi. 39; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 187. Menisp. acuminatum and radiatum, Lamk. M. polycarpum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 816. Cocculus acu- minatus, DC. Prodr.i. 99; W. dé A. Prodr.i, 12. C. radiatus, DC. ic. 99. D. polycarpus, Wall. Cat. 4958 (excl. K. L.)—ERheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 3. Throughout tropical India, from Oupz and Bznaat, to Concan, Oxissa, Caxton and Sincarore.—Dystrie, Java. H2 100 V. MENISPERMACER. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [Tiliacora, Branches glabrous. Leaves 8-6 by 14-3} in., ovate, acuminate, glabrous, base acute truncate rounded or subcordate, thin, margin undulate ; petiole 4-1 in. -Panicles 6-12 in., hoary, at length glabrous; branches 1 in., male 3-7-flowered, female simple 1-flowered : bracts oblong or subulate; flowers yellow. Drupes Zin. red.—Mr. Miers (Contributions, l.c.) attributes to us the error of substituting in the Flora Indica the specific name of acuminata for Colebrooke’s prior name of racemosa; in this we fol- lowed his paper in Taylor’s Atinals. 9, LIMACTA, Loureiro. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in panicles. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller, Petals 6 (or 3% much smaller, auricled, embracing the stamens. Mate fi: Stamens 3-9 ; anthers adnate, bursting vertically. Fm. fl.: Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 3; style short, compressed. Drupes obovoid or reniform, style-scar subbasal; endocarp 3-celled, 2 lateral cells empty. Seed elongate, embracing the intruded endocarp; embryo slender, cotyledons elongate, 3-terete, appressed.—Disrriz. Tropical Asia and Africa. * Sepals 8-12, inner imbricate. Hyrserpa, Miers. 1. L. cuspidata, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind, 189; leaves ovate or oblong- lanceolate acuminate glabrous. Cocculus cuspidatus, Wall.-Cat. 4960. Hypserpa cuspidata, prevaricata, pauciflora, and uniflora, Miers Contre. iii. 102-107, t. 108. Tropical forests of Easrern Benoat, the Eastern Peniysuta, and Cryton.—Ds- rrp. Malayan Archipelago. _ Branchlets striate, pubescent. Leaves 2-5 by 1-2 in., thin, shining, 3-nerved, base rounded or cuneate, old glabrous ; petiole 3-1 in. Panicles axillary and supra-axillary, ny or geminate, female simple shorter; bracts minute, subulate. Drupes 4 in. ong. ** Sepals 6-9, inner valvate or subvalvate. 92. L. triandra, Miers Contrib. iii. 112 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate acute glabrous, panicles 1-13 in. racemed shorter than the leaves, stamens 3. A. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 188. 1. Amherstiana and Wallichiana, Miers lc. 112, 113. Menisp. triandrum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 816. Cocculus triandrus, Cole- brooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 64; Wall. Cat. 4962, 4959 C. 4958 L. From Preu and Tenasserim to Penang. Branches puberulous, then glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by $-} in., thin, triplinerved, base rounded; petiole $in. Panicle puberulous; bracts minute, deciduous, 3—5-flowered; flowers very minute, yellow. Outer sepals minute, inner oblong. Filaments cuneate- oblong, fleshy; anther-cells spreading. 3. L. oblonga, Miers Contrib. iii. 109; branches pubescent, leaves oblong or lanceolate glabrous, panicle 3-8 in., stamens 6.—H. f.& 7. Fi Ind. 189. Cocculus oblongus, Wall. Cat. 4963. Penane, Mauacca, and Sincarorz, Wallich, &c. Pubescence fulvous. Leaves 3-8 by 1-4} in., acute or acuminate, base subacute or rounded; petiole 3-14 in., and nerves beneath pubescent. Panicles supra-axillary; female solitary, males 2-3 superposed, branches 1-2 in. Outer sepals minute, inner thick, tomentose, subvalvate. Drupes subglobose. 4, L. velutina, Miers Contrib. iii. 110; stem velvety, leaves oblong or ovate-oblong tomentose beneath or on both surfaces, panicles few-flowered, stamens 6, Hf. &T. Fl. Ind. 189. L. distincta and inornata, Miers l.c. iii. t. 109. Cocculus velutinus, Wall. Cat. 4970. Limacia.] | V. MENISPERMACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 101 From Mzreut to Maracca, Penane and Srncarors, &c. Pubescence yellowish. Leaves 2-6 by 3-4 in., variable, obtuse acute or rounded, base rounded or acute, triple-nerved, usually glabrous above; petiole }-1} in. Panicles axillary or supra-axillary, solitary few or many, tomentose, flowers villous. Znner sepals arbicular, valvate. Drupes 1 in. long, obovoid, compressed, glabrous. Aristega levifolia, Miers Contrib. iii. 376, t. 151, a plant collected by Helfer in the Andamans, or in Moulmein, and of which male flowers alone are known, is probably a 3-petalous Limacia. 10. COCCULUS, DC. Climbing or sarmentose shrubs, rarely suberect. Petiole not dilated at the base. lowers panicled. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller, Petals 6, smaller, usually auricled. Mate fl.: Stamens embraced by the petals, anthers subglobose, cells bursting transversely, Fun. fl.: Staminodes 6 or 0. Ovaries 3-6 ; styles usually cylindric. Drapes laterally compressed ; endocarp horseshoe-shaped, dorsally keeled and tubercled, sides excavate. Seed curved, albumen fleshy ; embryo annular, cotyledons linear, flat, ap- pressed.—Distris, All warm climates. 1. G. macrocarpus, W.¢ A. Prodr. 13; leaves suborbicular glabrous long-petioled, panicles 6-12 in., drupes obovoid-oblong. H.f. & 7. Ft. Ind. 191; Wight Il, i. t. 7. Diploclisia macrocarpa, lepida, inclyta, and_pic- tinervis, Miers Contrib. iii. 280-284, t. 127., Quinio cocculoides, Schlecht. in Linnea, xxvi. 732. From the Concan southwards, and in Czyzon.—Drsrris. China. Branchlets dark grey, striate. Leaves 2-3 in., rather broader than long, 5-nerved, obtuse retuse or rarely acute, subrepand, glaucous ,beneath, base truncate or cordate ; petiole 2-4 in. Panicles chiefly, in the old branches; flowers corymbose or fascicled, or axillary. Sepals membranous, and 3-lobed petals streaked with purple. Drupe 1 in., endocarp thin, woody. 2. ©. laurifolius, DC. Prodr. i. 100; a tree, leaves lanceolate short- petioled shining, panicles axillary shorter than the leaves. Deless. Ic. Sel. 1 t. 97; Wall. Cat. 4965; H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 191. Menisp. laurifolium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 815. Holopeira laurifolia, australis, and fusiformis, Miers Contrib, iii, 276. Susrroricat Himanara, alt. 2500 ft., from Nipal to Jamu, Waillich, &c.—Disraip. Japan, Java (cult. ?). vunk short ; branches pendulous, angled, striate, smooth, branchlets bearded at the base. Leaves 3-6 by 1-14 in., coriaceous, acute or acuminate, 3-nerved ; petiole it in. Pamnicles 1-2 in., solitary or 2-superposed, corymbose, male largest ; bracts and lowers minute. Sepals acute. Petals 2-lobed. Styles reflexed. Drupes minute, , globose ; endocarp fragile, rugose. 3. G. villosus, DC. Prodr. i.98 ; branchlets villous, leaves ovate-oblong subdeltoid villous, male fl. in short panicles, fem. 1-3 axillary rarely racemed. Wall. Cat. 4957; W. & A. Prodr.13;H. f.&T. Fl. Ind.193. C. sepium, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii, 58. CO. hastatus and aristo- lochize, DC. l.c. 98. Menisp. villosum, Lamk, (not Roxb.). M. hirsutum, Linn. ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 814. M. myosotoides, Linn. Holopeira villosa, leviuscula, and auriculata, Miers Contrib, ili. 271-278, t. 126. Throughout tropical and subtropical India, from the base of the Himanaya to Matasar and Pseu (absent in the Eastern Peninsula and Ceylon).—Disrais. Trop. Africa. Leaves 2-3 by 14-2 in., sometimes sublanceolate, retuse or obtuse and mucronate, sometimes 3-lobed, base subcordate or truncate, young villous on both surfaces; pe- 102 Vv. MENISPERMACEE. (Hook.f. & Thoms.} — [ Cocculus; tiole }in. Panicles loosely villous ;*bracts minute, linear. Drupes black-purple, endo- carp acutely keeled, tubercled. : 4. €. mollis, Wall. Cat. 4973; branchlets pubescent, leaves ovate acute or acuminate white and villous beneath, panicles few-flowered. Nephroica mollis, Miers Contrib, iii. 265. | Niean, Wallich; Kuasta uts, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & T. _ Branehlets striate. Leaves 2-4 by 14-24 in., of shoots often obtuse, base cordate or truncate, bright green above, at length glabrate ; petiole 4-1 in. Panicles axillary ot nearly so, on a tomentose tubercle, shorter than the leaves, males irregular cymose, cymes 4-7-flowered, bracts filiform; females 1-3-flowered. Petals notched, Drupes pisiform, compressed; endocarp keeled, with 4 rows of tubercles. ; 5, ©. Lewba, DC. Prodr. i. 99; branchlets, puberulous, leaves linear- oblong oblong or trapezoid entire or lobed glabrate, flowers fascicled in the axils, females subsolitary. H.f. & 7. F1. Ind. 192; Mvers Contrib, ini. 256, C. levis, Wall. Cat. 4975. O. glabra, W.@ A. Prodr.i. 13; Moers le. 257, C. recisus, Miers 1c. 258. Drier parts of Western India; the Punsas, Sinpz, and the Carnatic.—Dist1R1B, Affghanistan, Arabia, trop. and subtrop. Affica, o> - : ‘ . Branchlets long, slender. Leaves 4-14 by }-§ in., very variable, angles rounded, sometimes 3-5-lobed, usually obtuse and mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, young, hoary, old often glaucous on both surfaces; pedicels §-4 in, Flowers fascicled on woody tubercles, pedicels 1-flowered, males dense. Drupes 7,-@ in. ll. PERICAMPYLUS, Miers. « A climbing shrub. Leaves subpeltate, petioles slender, articulate. Flowers in axillary cymes. Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, outer smaller, inner spathulate. Petals 6, cuneate. Maze fi.: Stamens 6, filaments cylindric; anthers ad- nate, bursting transversely. Frmacz fl.: Staminodes 6, clavate. Ovaries 3; styles 2-partite, segments subulate. Drupes subglobose; endocatp horseshoe-shaped, dorsally crested and echinate, sides excavated. Seed curved ; cotyledons elongate flat, scarcely broader than the radicle. 1. P. ineanus, Miers Contrib. iii. 118, t. 3; leaves suborbicular ob-. tuse acute orretuse. P, aduncus, assamicus, and membranaceus, Miers 1.0. 119-122. Cocculus incanus, Coleb. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xiii. 57. Cissam- pelos mauritiana, Wall, Cat. 4980 (not of DC.). Menisp. villosum, Rox’. fil. Ind. iii. 812 (not of Lamk.). ; ‘ Sixxm, Assam, the Kuasia uitis, Carrracone and throughout the Easrery Peninsuta.—Distriz. Java. _ Branchlets tomentose, then glabrate. Leaves 2-4 in. diam., base truncate or sub: cordate; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3-chotomous, often many and superposed ; pe- duncles 1-2 in., axillary, many-flowered ; bracts subulate. Sepals villous. Petals acute or obtuse, margins incurved. Drupes red. ‘ 12. STEPHANTA, Loureiro. Climbing shrubs. eaves usually peltate. Flowers in axillary, cymose umbels, Mate fl.: Sepads 6-10, free, ovate or obovate. Petals 3-5, obovate, fleshy. Anthers 6, connate, encircling the top of the staminal column; bursting transversely. Ferm. fl.: Sepals 3-5. Petals of the male. Stam- nodes 0. Ovary 1; style 3-6-partite. Drupe glabrous; endocarp com- pressed, horseshoe-shaped, dorsally tubercled, sides hollowed and per- forated. Seed almost annular ; cotyledons long, slender, }-terete, appressed. —Distruz, Tropics of the Old World. : Stephania.) V. MENISPERMACER. (Hook. t. & Thoms.) 103 .1, S. hernandifolia, Walp. Rep. i. 96; branchlets glabrous, leaves ovate or subdeltoid acute obtuse or acuminate, umbels capitate, Hf & 7. Fl, Ind. 196; Miers Contrib. iii. 229, 8, intertexta, latifolia, and hypo- glauca, Miers 1c, 224, 226, 227. Cissampelos hernandifolia, Willd, 3 DG. Prodr. 1. 100; Hoxb, Fl. Ind. iii, 842; Wall, Cat. 4977 D, ELF, G, H, K. C. discolor, DO. ic i. 101. ©. hexandra, Roxb. ic, iii, 842. Clypea. her-. nandifolia, W. & A. Prodr.i. 14; Wight Ic, t. 939, From Nipat to Carrragone, Stxcarorr, and Ceyzon.—Dusrais, Malay Islands, trop. Australia, Africa. ; _ Branchlets striate. Leaves 3-6 in. diam., base truncate or subcordate, glabrous or thinly pubescent below only or on both surfaces, pale or glaucous beneath; petiole 1}- 4 in. Peduncles axillary, short or long; rays 8-12, with subulate bracts. Sepals obovate, obtuse. Petals 3-4, Drupes ved.—There are two marked varieties, the Northern and Eastern, with peduncles and leaves beneath more or leas pubescent, and the Western one with these parts nearly glabrous. ; 2S. elegans, H.f. & 7. Fi. Ind. 195 ; branchlets glabrous, leaves. elongate-deltoid acuminate base truncate or cordate, umbels lax long- peduncled. Miers Contrib, iii. 227. ‘ ee ues Himataya from Kumaon to Sixxm, alt. 6-7000 ft.; Knasta BILzs, ranches slender, angled. eaves 24-4 by 1-24 in., sometimes obtuse, thin, coria- ceous, pale beneath; petiole 1-2 in, slender. Umbels with many rays, sometimes: branched ; flowers purple or greenish, odour heavy. Sepals acuminate. Petals obovate. Drupe small, red. 3. S. rotunda, Lour. Fl. Coch. 747; branchlets glabrous, leaves broad- ovate or suborbicular often repand or sinuate-lobed glabrous, umbels in lax cymes. Hf. & [£1 Ind. 197; Miers Contrib, iti. 215.: CO. longa (Khasia. specimens), japonica, Roxburghiana, glabra, and glandulifera, Miers l.c. 213- 220, t. 119, Cocculus Roxburghianus, Wall. Cat: 4972 (not of DC.); W. & A. Prodr. i, 450 in note, C. Finlaysonianus, Wall. Cat. 4974, — Cissampelos. glabra, Roab. Fl. Ind. iii. 840. Clypea Wightii; Arn. in Wight Ill. i. 22. Tropica and Temperate Himaraya, ascending to 7000 ft., from Srypu eastward to the Kgasta mitts and Peau. Southern hills of the Western PeninsuLa.—Distrie. Siam, Cochin-China, . Roots subglobose. Leaves 3-7. in. diam., obtuse acute or acuminate, pale beneath, etiole 3-9 in. Peduncles variable, usually slender, of the females stout; rays of umbels, ong or short ; bracts subulate ; flowers $-} in. diam,, yellow. Sepals narrow cuneate, puberulous. Petals shorter. Drupe pisiform, : 13. CISSANPELOS, Linn. Suberect or climbing shrubs. Leaves often peltate. Matz fl.: cymose. Sepals 4, (5-6) erose. Petals 4, connate, forming in 4-lobed cup. Anthers. 4, connate, encircling the top of the staminal column, bursting transversely. Frm. f.: racemed, crowded in the axils of leafy bracts, Sepals 2 (or Sepal and petal 1 each), 2-nerved, adnate to the bracts. Stashinodes. 0, Ovary 1; style short, 3-fid or 3-toothed. Drupe ovoid, style-scar sub- asal; endocarp horseshoe-shaped, compressed, dorsally tubercled, sides- excavated. Seed curved; embryo slender; cotyledons narrow, }-terete, ap-’ pressed.—Disrri, All hot climates. 1, G. Pareira, Linn. ; climbing, leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate, tale cymes. long-peduncled many flowered. hairy, female. racemes with 104 V. MENISPERMACE®. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cissampelos. . large reniform or orbicular bracts, drupes subglobose hirsute. DC. Prodr. i. 100; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 198; Miers Contrib. iii. 139. C. caapeba, Linn. ; Roxb, Fi. Ind. iii. 842. C. convolvulacea, Willd. ; Wall. Cat. 4979 ; W.d A. Prodr, i. 14; Roxb. lc. 842. C. orbiculata, discolor, and hirsuta, Buch. ; DC. lc. 101. C. hernandifolia, Wall, Cat. 4979, partly. C. obtecta, Wall. Cat. 4981. C. diversa, elata, grallatoria, eriantha, and delicatula, Meers lc. 187-197. C. subpeltata, Thwaites Enum. 13 and 399 ; Miers l.c. 195. Menisp. orbiculatum, Zinn. Cocculus orbiculatus, DC. Le. 98, C, villosus, Wall, Cat. 4957 in part, and C. membranaceus 4967 (diseased state). Tropical and subtropical India, from Sixpa and the Puyzaz to Ceyton and Sm- capore.—Disrrie. Cosmopolitan in warm regions. et A lofty climber; branchlets rarely glabrous. Zeaves 1-4 in. diam., usually peltate, obtuse and mucronate, rarely acute, base truncate or more or less cordate ; petiole equalling the leaf or longer. Male cymes 4-13 in. (sometimes replaced by a shoot with small leaves and small axillary cymes), axillary or nearly so, usually 2-3 superposed, decompound ; bracts minute, rarely foliaceous ; peduncle slender, pubescent tomentose or hirsute. Hem. racemes 1-2, axillary ; bracts lax or densely imbricate, usually hoary, sometimes petioled; pedicels very short. Ovaries rarely glabrate. Drupe ¢ in. diam.,’ scarlet.—A careful reconsideration of the materials discussed in ‘“ Flora Indica,” with many additional specimens, and an eight years’ further familiarity in India with both native and cultivated forms, convince us that the view taken in the above work (which is that of Eichler, Bentham, and Thwaites) is not invalidated by the vigorous attacks of our friend Mr. Miers. 14. CYCLEA, Arnott. Climbing shrubs. eaves usually peltate. lowers in axillary panicles; Matz fl. : Sepals 4-8, connate into an inflated 4-5-lobed calyx. Petals 4-8,. more or less connate into a 4-5-lobed corolla. Anthers 4-6, connate, crowning the staminal column, bursting transversely. Fem. fl.: Sepal 1, oblong. Petal 1, orbicular. Ovary1; style short, 3-5-lobed, lobes radiating. Drupe ovoid, style-scar subbasal; endocarp horseshoe-shaped, dorsally tubercled, sides convex 2-locellate (as in Limacia). Seed curved; cotyledons slender, }-terete, appressed.—DistTrie. Tropical Asia. 1. ©. Burmanni, Miers Contrib. iii. 239, t. 121 ; leaves peltate elon- gate-deltoid acuminate hase cordate or subsagittate suprepand, calyx subglobose 6-8-lobed, corolla urceolate subentire, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 201. Cocculus Burmanni, DC. Prodr. i. 96. Clypea Burmanni, W. & A. Prodr, in part; Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 101, Rhaptomeris Burmanni, Miers in Tayl. Ann. Ser. 2, vii, 41. Concax, Gibson; and Cexton, ascending to 2600 ft. Branches pilose or glabrate. Leaves 2-4 by 3-2 in, thin, coriaceous, shining above, usually pubescent beneath; petiole 4-14 in. Panicles equalling or exceeding the leaves, many-flowered, pubescent. Male jl. and drupe pilose. Calyx much exceeding. the corolla, 3 2. G. peltata, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 201; leaves peltate deltoid acute or subacute, calyx campanulate 4-lobed, corolla an irregularly 4-lobed cup. Miers Contrib. iii. 236. C. barbata, versicolor, Arnottii, laxiflora, and debiliflora, Miers i.c. 237-242, Menisp. peltatum, Lamk, Cocculus peltatus,. DC. Prodr. i. 96. Cissampelos discolor, Wall. Cat, 4892, in part. C.- barbata, Wall. Cat. 4978. Clypea Burmanni, W. d& A. Prodr. i. 74 in part. Cyclea Burmanni, Arnott in Wight Til. i, 22. Rhaptomeris Burmanni, Mersin Tayl. Ann. Ser, 2, vii. 41. Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t. 49, . Cyclea. | V. MENISPERMACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 105 From Assam and the Kuasta nitis eastwards; and throughout the Wesrern and Eastern Penrnsuta and Creyton.—Disrris. Java, &c. Branches grooved, sparsely clothed with reflexed hairs or glabrate. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in., thin, coriaceous, acute or obtuse, subrepand, ciliate, above glabrous or sparsely pilose, usually pubescent beneath; petiole 1-24in. Pamnicles equalling or exceeding the leaves; males sometimes 1 ft.; fem. much shorter ; bracts ‘oblong or subulate ; male flowers hispid or glabrous. Calyx much exceeding the corolla. Drwpe pilose.— The synonymy of this species is much confused with that of C. Burmanni, and owing to some of the authentic specimens being flowerless these may require revision. 15. LOPHOPHYLLUM, Griffith. Characters of CyciEea, but male flowers apetalous and female with 2 opposite fleshy saccate sepals. 1. L. bicristatum, Grif. Not. Pl. Asiat. part iv. 313, t. 491; Zt. Notes. 114 No. 190, and 165 No. 854; leaves broadly cordate acuminate 7-9- nerved. Peraphora robusta, Miers Contrib, iii. 245, t. 122. Cyclea populi- folia, 2. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 202. Eastern Hrwauaya, in Sixxm and Buoran, Griffith, &c.; Kuasra uz, Hf. & T. A tall climber; bark white; branchlets pubescent. eaves 4-6 by 3-6 in., firm, coriaceous, glabrous above, pilose with rigid hairs and reticulate beneath ; petiole 2-4 ‘in., cylindric, pubescent, base and tip thickened. Panicles slender, decompound, fas- cicled, tomentose. Calyx globose, 4-lobed. Anthers 4-5, connate into a peltate disk. Drupe 3 in. diam., subglobose ; endocarp with 3 series of hooked spines on each edge. 16. PACHYGONE, Miers. A climbing shrub. Flowers axillary, racemed, dicecious. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, outer smaller. Petals 6, much smaller, base auricled embracing the fila- ment. Mare fi.: Stamens 6, filament incurved; anthers subglobose, didymous, bursting transversely. Rudimentary carpels 3, minute. Frm, fl.: Staminodes 6. Ovaries 3; styles stout, horizontal. Drupes reniform, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp reniform, rugulose, Seed horseshoe-shaped, albumen 0 ; cotyledons 3-cylindric, very thick, hard ; radicle very short. 1. P. ovata, Miers Contrib. iii. 331, t. 135 ; leaves ovate-oblong or sub- trapezoid, male racemes exceeding the leaves. H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 203. P. Plukenetii, concinna, adversa, and odorifera, Miers .c. 330-334, Cissam- pelos ovata, Poir.; DC. Prodr.i. 102, ©. Plukenetii, DC. Le. i. 97; W.& A, Prodr.i. 14; Wight Ic. t. 824, 825. C. Wightianus, Wall. Cat. 4959 A, C. officinarum, Plus, Koon zeylanicus, Gertn. Fruct. i. 486, t. 180. Dry maritime places in the Carnatic and Ceyton.—Disrris. Java and ‘Timor. A lofty climber; branches tomentose. Leaves 14-2 by 3-1} in., thick, coriaceous, obtuse, retuse or mucronate, base cuneate or rounded, 3-5-nerved, glabrous; petiole 2 in., with a basal ring of hairs; ap thickened. Hacemes slender, pubescent, females shortest ; peduncles very short. lowers minute, male in the axils of subu- late bracts, female solitary. Petals 2-toothed. Drupes pisiform. 17, PYCNARRHENA, Miers. Suberect or climbing shrubs. lowers axillary, fascicled or shortly panicled, dicecious. Mate fl. : Sepals 6, with 3 bracts, inner larger orbicular. Petals 6, small, lobed. Stamens 9, filaments very short ; anthers subdidymous, bursting transversely. Fem. fl.; unknown. Drupe broadly oblong, sub- 106 V. MENISPERMACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Pycnarrhenan gibbous, style-scar lateral; endocarp subreniform. Seed slightly concave ventrally, albumen 0 ; cotyledons oblong, }-terete, very thick, slightly in- ele radicle minute, ventral.—Distr1B, Two species, an Indian and jornean. l. P. pleniflora,’ Miers Contrib. iii. 353, t. 141; leaves oblong-lanceo- late quite glabrous. P. planiflora, H. J. & T. Fl. Ind, 206. Coceulus plani- florus, Wall. Cat, 4961 (error for pleniflorus). Siwaet, Wallich. "— : : Branches striate, puberulous. Leaves 5-7 by 13-24 in,, thin, coriaceous, obtusely acuminate, puberulous on the midrib beneath, reticulate; nerves prominent, beneath, arching ‘within the margin; petiole in. top clavate. lowers almost capitate; pe- duncles 3-} in., pubescent, 1-2-flowered, with 2 basal and a median bract. _ Drupes 4 in, smooth.—P. mecistophylla, Miers l.c, 353, from Assam (Griffith), described from leaves only, does not appear to us to be congeneric. 18, HEEMATOCARPUS, Miers. A strong glabrous climber. eaves very coriaceous, 3-nerved. Flowers in axillary racemes, dicecious, Matz fl.: Sepals 9-12 with 3 bracts, large, Petals 6, base minutely auricled. Stamens 6, free ; anther-cells 2, remote on, the face of a large galeate dilated connective, bursting obliquely. Rudi- mentary carpels 3, minute. Frm. fi.: unknown. Drupes 1-4, large, ovoid fleshy, oblong, stalked, style-scar subbasal ; endocarp coriaceous, oblong,,. adherent, Seed oblong, albumen 0; embryo large, cotyledons accumbent, pied on themselves, very thick 4-terrete, obtuse ; radicle short, stout, in- - erior. 1, H. Thomsoni, Miers Contrib. iii. 325, t. 184; leaves oblong obtusely acuminate. F. comptus and incusus, Miers lc, 326, 327. Baterium vali- dum, Miers in Tayl. Anal Ser. 3, xiii. 124, Fibraurea? heematocarpa, Hf. & T, Fl. Ind. 204, Sixxm-Hrataya and Kuasta mts, alt. 3-4000 ft., Grifith, &c. Branches stout, pale. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., base obtuse or acute, pale or glabrous beneath, nerves reticulate; petiole slender, 3-1 in. Racemes supra-axillary, solitary or several, slender, branches short; flowers small; pedicels slender. Sepals ciliate. Petals concave. Fruiting racemes woody, 1-3 in.; torus globose with 4-6 scars. Drupes 14-2 in., smooth, suboblique; stalks 4 in., stout; sarcocarp hard, blood-red; mesocarp traversed by stout vessels from the thin crustaceous endocarp. 19. ANTITAXIS, Miers, Ashrub. eaves penninerved. Flowers in axillary fascicles, dicecious, Matz fl.: Sepals 8, in decussate pairs 5 outer small ; 2 next obovate ; 4 inner larger, orbicular, imbricate. Petals 2, obovate. Stamens 4, filaments clavate ; anthers 1-celled, subglobose, bursting transversely. Frm. fl. : unknown. Drupes 1-3, subglobose, style-scar ventral ; endocarp thin, fragile, subreni- form oblong. Seed subglobose, concave ventrally, albumen 0; cotyledons oblong, }-terete, slightly incurved, very thick ; tadicle minute, ventral,— Distris. Eastern Archipelago. 1. A. fasciculata, Miers Contrib. iii. 336, t. 142 ; leaves oblong acumi~ nate glabrous, petiole tomentose. Cocculus lucidus, Z'eysm. & Ben. Nat. Tijdsch, iv. 397, Antitaxis.] -V. MENISPERMACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 107 Mauacea, Grifith.—Disrrin. Java. Branches rigid, flexuous, smooth; young pubescent. Leaves 34-4 by 14-14 in., sub- coriaceous, base rounded, concolorous, shining above, paler beneath with reticulate veins; petiole in. Peduncles of male numerous, §—3 in., slender, glabrous. Flowers minute. Drupes tomentose.—A very anomalous genus. , Orprr VI. BERBERIDEZS. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Usually shrubby, sometimes climbing, glabrous plants. Leaves simple or compound, with articulate segments; buds scaly. Stipules very rare (Ber- beris). Flowers often globose, regular, solitary or in simple or compound racemes, usually yellow or white. Sepals and petals free, hypogynous, very- caducous, 2-many-seriate, in 3- rarely 4-6-nary whorls, imbricate, or the sepals: rarely valvate. Stamens 4-6 (rarely 8) opposite the petals, free or connate ; anthers adnate, erect, dehiscing by lateral or dorsal slits, or by 2 revolute or ascending lids or valves. Carpels 1-3, rarely more, oblong ; style short or 0, stigma dilated or conic or oblong ; ovules usually indefinite on the ventral’ suture or covering the walls of the ovary, anatropous rarely orthotropous. Bee carpels dry or fleshy, dehiscent or not. Seeds with a crustaceous fleshy or bony testa; albumen copious, dense ; embryo minute or long, straight or curved, radicle next the hilum—Drsrrre. Genera about 20, with 200 species, chiefly temperate and mountain plants. Tribe]. Lardizabalee. Stem usually climbing. /Jowers unisexual or polygamous. Carpels 3. Seeds usually large, testa bony. An erect shrub. Leavespinnate. . . 2. + + ee 1. DecaisnEa. Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate. Stamons monadelphous. . 2. Parvaria. Stamens free. . 2... ee ee ee ee ee ee 68. Hones. ‘Tree II. Berberew. Stem 0 orerect. Flowers hermaphrodite. Carpel 1. Seeds usually small. Ovules erect, basal. Shrubs. Fruit berried . . . . . . . 4. Burpenis. Ovules superposed along the ventral suture. Leaves decompound. © Ovules few . wee ee ee’ 5. Eprwepiom Leaves simple, palmate. Ovulesmany. ... . . . . 6. Poporsynium. 1, DECAISNEA, H. f. & T. An erect shrub. Leaves unequally pinnate, petioled jointed at base. lowers racemose, moneecious. Sepals 6, narrow, taper-pointed, subimbricate in 2 rows, Petals 0. Mate fi.: Stamens 6, monadelphous; anthers oblong, con- nective subulate. Fem. fl: Staminodes 6, small, free. Ovaries 3, sub- sessile, oblong ; stigma subsessile, oblong ; ovules many, 2-seriate. Fruit : 3 spreading fleshy many-seeded follicles. Seeds large, compressed, testa ony. D. insignis, H.f. & T. in Proce. Linn. Soe. 1854, ii, 349 ; £1. Ind. 213 ; leaflets opposite ovate or ovate-lanceolate long acuminate. Hook. f JU. Him. Pl. t. 10. Slackea insignis, Griff. [tin. Not. 187. Forests of the Eastern Himazaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft.; in Bhotan, Grifith, and Sikkim, hom naked, erect, simple, or forked. Leaves 2-3 ft., subterminal on the few short, branches. Leaflets 6-8 pair, 3-5 by 14-3 in., thin, glaucous beneath ; petiole 4-4 in. 108 ‘VI. BERBERIDEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) — [Decatsnea, Racemes 1 ft., horizontal, fascicled, terminal or leafopposed. F'owers 1 in. long, pen- dulous, yellow-green ; pedicels as long; bracts small, subulate, deciduous. follicles 3 in., cylindric, obtuse, recurved, edible. , 2, PARVATIA, Decaisne. A large climbing shrub, Leaves alternate, 3 foliolate. Flowers racemed, monecious. Sepals 6, 2-seriate, 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, lanceolate, much smaller, Mate fl.: Stamens 3, monadelphous ; anthers oblong, apiculate. Fem. fl.: Staminodes 6, minute, free. Ovaries 3; stigma, sessile, oblong, acute ; ovules many, covering the walls of the ovary, mixed with long hairs, ae of 3, berried, indehiscent, many-seeded carpels. Seeds imbedded in pulp. 1. P. Brunoniana, Decaisne in Archiv. Mus, i. 190, t. 12 A; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate rarely obtuse. H. f.d& J. Fl. Ind. 214. Stauntonia Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. 4592. Assam and Kuasta Hits, alt. 83-4000 ft., Wallich, &c. Bark of old branches pale corky, of young smooth. Petioles 3-5 in. Leaflets 3-5 by 1-23 in., base subacute or rounded, shining above, glaucous below; petiole of mid- leaflet 1 in., of lateral Sin. Peduncles 2-4 in., fascicled on scaly tubercles, rigid, slender; pedicels spreading; bracteoles basal, minute, linear. lowers greenish-white; male 4, female in. long. Carpels 4 in., obtuse at both ends, granulate.—Assam specimens have more membranous and obtuse leaves, less glaucous beneath. 3, HOLBGLLIA, Wall. A climbing shrub. Leaves digitate. lowers moncecious, in axillary fas- cicles or racemes. Sepals 6; 2-seriate; 3 outer valvate. Petals 6, minute, orbicular. Mate fl.: Stamens 6, free; anthers apiculate. Fem. fi.: Sta- minodes 6, minute. Ovaries 3; stigmas‘oblong ; ovules many, covering the walls of the ovary. J ruit of 3, berried, many-seeded carpels. Seeds im- bedded in pulp. ; 1. H. latifolia, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 24, t. 16; leaflets ovate or oblong, lanceolate or linear In young plants, acuminate, : Hmataya, alt.4-9000 ft., from Bhotan to Kumaon; Kuasta urts, alt. 4000 ft. Upper Assam at low elevations, Trunk sometimes 4-6 in. diam., bark corky when old. Leaves 3—9-foliolate ; leaflets 3-6 by }-2 in., base rounded or acute, shining above, pale and_ reticulate beneath; petiole of mid-leaflet its own length, of the lateral shorter. Peduncles solitary or fascicled. Flowers subcorymbose, purplish-green, sweet-scented; male 4-2 in., fem. larger. Carpels 2-3 in., sessile or short-stalked, oblong, obtuse at both ends; very variable. The characters of the seed require confirmation. Var. 1. latifolia, leaflets 3-5, ovate or oblong, seeds straight obovoid.—H. latifolia, Wall. l.c.; Decaisne in Archiv. Mus.i. 194,t.12,B; Af. & T. Fl. Ind. 215. = H. acuminata, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. ii.313. Stauntonia latifolia, Wall. Cat. 4950. Var. 2. aes, leaflets 7-9, narrow- or linear lanceolate, seeds curved.—H. angustifolia, Wall. Tent. t.17; Decaisne and H.f.&T.1.c. Stauntonia angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 4951. . 4, BERBERIS, Linn. Shrubs; wood yellow. eaves pinnate or simple and then fascicled in’ the axils of 3-5-partite spines, lowers yellow, hermaphrodite, fascicled, , racemed or solitary. Sepals 6, with 2-3 appressed bracts, imbricate in 2 Berberis.| Vi. BERBERIDE#. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 109 Series. Petals 6, imbricate in 2 series, usually with 2 basal glands inside. Stamens 6, free ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. aie simple ; stigma peltate, sessile or on a short style ; ovules few, basal erect. Berry few-seeded.—Disrrip. Species about 50, natives of N. temperate regions, subtropical Asia, the Andes, and temperate S. America. ‘ fect. I. Mahonia, Leaves unequally pinnate ; leafletsopposite. 1, B.nepalensis, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 120; leaflets oblong ovate or lanceolate spinous-toothed palmately 3-5-nerved, racemes dense flowered. Wall. Cat. 1480; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 219, B. miccia, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 205. B, acanthifolia, Wall. ; Don Syst. Gard. i.118. Mahonia nepalensis, DC. Prodr. i. 109 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 4, Temperate Himanaya, alt. 4-8000 ft.; from Garwhal to Bhotan; Kuasta HILts, alt. 4-5000 ft.; Mereur, Grifith ; Nrteniri Mrs,, alt. 5-8000 ft.—Disrris, Japan ? Stem erect, 3-20 ft., subsimple, leafy near the top only. Leaves 6-18 in.; sheath with 2 subulate stipules; leaflets 2-12 pair, 1-5 in., coriaceous, sessile, articulate with the petiole. Hacemes 3-12 in., erect; bracts 1-2 in., various; bracteoles oblong or ovate. Flowers fascicled; pedicels }-4 in. slender. Berry 4-4 in, violet, glaucous, bitter.—Probably B. Bealiz of Japan is not different. Var. 1. _nepalensis proper; leaflets usually narrow-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, berry elliptic. B. nepalensis, J.c. Northern and Eastern India. ar. 2. Leschenaultii; leaflets broader, berry globose. B. Leschenaultii, Wall. . ‘Cat. 1479; Wight Lc. t. 940. Nilghiries. Sect, IT. Berberis proper. eaves simple, fascicled in the axils of 3-5- ‘partite (rarely simple) spines (reduced leaves). * Flowers racemed, corymbose or subumbelled. 2. B. vulgaris, Z. ; leaves more or less deciduous obovate spinulose- serrate, flowers racemed, petals subentire, stigma sessile discoid. H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 220. Wesrern Himaxaya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri, and in Wesrern Tizet.—Disrris. Temp. Europe and N. Asia. An extremely variable plant. Var. 1. vulgaris proper; 8-10 ft., leaves 2-3 in. quite deciduous long petioled broad oblong-lanceolate or obovate acutely serrate, racemes exceeding the leaves pendulous simple not glaucous, flowers large, berries oblong-ovoid compressed red, seeds 2-3. DC. Prodr. i. 105.—Kashmir and Kishtwar, alt. 5-1000 ft. Var. 2. crategina (sp. DC. Prodr. i. 106); a small bush, leaves 1-24 in. coriaceous and persistent entire or spinulose, racemes elongate, berries oblong or subspherical. B. emarginata, Willd. ; spherocarpa, Kar. & Kir. ; heterpoda, Schrenk ; turcomanier, Karel.—Balti & Kashmir, alt. 8—10,000 ft. ; i Var. 3. etnensis (sp. Presl. Flor. Sic. i. 28); low, rigid, robust, leaves 1-13 in. obovate obtuse or mucronate rarely lanceolate spinulose serrate rarely entire, nerves prominent, racemes suberect or nodding rather exceeding the leaves —B. Kunwarensis, Royle Il. 64.—Simla to Balti, alt. 6-12,000 ft, _ Var. 4. brachybotrys (sp. Edgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 29); branches robust, often glaucous, leaves 4-14 in. hardly coriaceous obovate or lanceolate spinulose-serrate, or entire, racemes short many-fowered subcorymbose.—From Sikkim to Simla, alt. 6-12,000 ft. i Var. 5. eretica (sp. Linn.); low or prostrate, densely branched, leaves 4-1 in. rigid coriaceous angled spinulose-serrate or lobulate, margin thickened, racemes longer or shorter than the leaves—(B. vulgaris var. australis, Boiss. B, Thunbergii, DC.) Garwhal to Balti, alt. 9-11,000 ft. 110 VI. BERBERIDEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Berberis 3. B. umbellata, Wall. Cat. 1475 ; leaves more or less deciduous ob- ovate sparingly serrulate, flowers subumbellate on a long naked peduncle, ‘berries oblong, stigma flat sessile. Don Syst. Gard.i.116; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind, 224, B, aristata, DC. Prodr.i. 106; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2549. Temperate Himatzaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan. An erect straggling shrub, 8-10 ft. ; branches slender, rigid, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in, submembranous, green or glaucous beneath. Flowers like those of B. vulgaris. 4, B. aristata, DC. Syst. ii. 8; erect, leaves evergreen or nearly so, ‘obovate or oblong entire or with few distant spinous teeth, flowers in com- pound often corymbose racemes, berries tapering into a short style, stigma small subglobose. H. f. dé: 7. Fl. Ind. 224, Temperate Himataya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; from Bhotan to Kunawar. Nieniri Mrs, ‘and Certon, alt. 6-7000 ft. As variable as B. vulgaris. Var. 1. aristata, purple, leaves 1-3 in. broad obovate or oblong elliptic acute or awned entire or spinulose-serrate towards the tip green or glaucous beneath, racemes com- pound, flowers large, pedicels red. DC. Prodr.i.106; Royle Ill. 64; Wall. Cat. 1474, . tinctoria, Lesch.; W. & A. Prodr. i. 16; Deless. Ic. Sel. ii. t. 2; Wight Ill. t. 8. B. chitria, Ham. ; Don Prodr. 204; Bot. Reg. t.729. B. angustifolia, Roxb. Hort. ‘Bena. 87.—Nipal to Sirmore. Van. 2. floribunda (sp. Wall. mss. Cut. 1474); leaves smaller, flowers on long peduncles, racemes subsimple or subumbellate. B. petiolaris, Wall. under Cat. 1474; Don Syst. Gard. i. 115. B., affinis and ceratophylla, Don lc. B. coriaria, Royle mss. ; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. N.S. xiv. t. 46. B. umbellata, Lindl. Lc. 1844, t. 44 (not of Wall.) —Kumaon to Kunawar. : Var. 3. micrantha ; leafy, leaves 1-3 in. very coriaceous obovate-lanceolate coarsely ba ee a racemes long nodding, flowers small. Wall. Cat. 1474.—Bhotan to Garwhal. : 5. B. Lycium, foyle Ill. 64; Trans. Linn. Soc, xvii 94; bark white, leaves subsessile subpersistent lanceolate or narrow obovate oblong usually quite entire pale not lacunose glaucous beneath, raceme elongate, berries ovoid, style conspicuous, stigma capitate. AH. 7. & 7. Fl. Ind. 225. Western Himaxaya, in dry hot places; alt. 8-9000 ft., from Garwhal to Hazara. An erect rigid shrub, 6-8 ft. Leaves 13-24 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, mucronate very spinulose, bright green above, venation lax. acemes simple or compound, often corymbose, drooping, longer than the leaves. Berry violet.—Very distinct in its ordinary state, but some forms appear to pass into B. aristata, and others into B. asvatica. 6. B. asiatica, Roxb, in DC. Syst. ii. 13; bark pale, spines 5- mall, leaves orbicular or broad obovate Faberiite’ or mata ie eee white beneath, racemes short corymbose, berries with a distinct style, sti capitate, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 182; Deless, Ic, Sel. ii. t.1; Wall. Cat, 1477 (excl. syn. tinctoria). B, hypoleuca, Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. ii, 246, Dry valleys of the Himataya, alt. 3-7500 ft.; from B Parasnath, a 3500 ft., Edgeworth.—Distri. psa ead CEE: ese An erect stout branched bush, 3-6 ft. Leaves 1-3 in., rarely acute thickly coria- ceous, very strongly reticulate beneath. Racemes peduncled or subsessile ; flowers rather small, 7;-§ in. diam. Berry red or black, glaucous, often large, eatable. ** Peduncles fascicled, 1-fowered. 7. B. Wallichiana, DC. Prodr. i. 107; leaves evergreen lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, lowers many in a fascicle, berry ovoid or oblong. Wall. Berberis.] VI. BERBERIDEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 111 ‘Plant, As. Rar. iii. t. 248; Cat. 1478; A. f. & 7. FF. Ind. 225. B, asiatica, Griff. Ic. Pl. Ind.-Or. iv. t. 1648. Temperate Himaraya in forests; alt. 8-10,000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, ' Griffith ; Kuasta wiuis, alt. 5-6000 ft. AR. 1. atroviridis (sp. Wall. mi branches angular, leaves 14-4 in. lanceolate prea berries black-purple shining. B, Wallichiana, DC. 1.c.—Nipal to otan. Var. 2. microcarpa; branches angled or deeply grooved, leaves as in Var. 1, but smaller and sometimes quite entire, berries } in. elliptic-oblong, style short, stigma emall.—Khasia hills. Var. 3. latifolia; leaves 1-2 in. broadly obovate or elliptic-oblong, flowers -as in Var. 1.—Skirts of woods, alt. 8-10,000 ft. in Sikkim. Var. 4, pallida; leaves 2-3 in. narrow lanceolate spinulose pale and glaucous beneath, fascicles few-flowered.—Bhotan, Griffith. 8. B.insignis, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 226; erect, spines very few, leaves evergreen large solitary or geminate elliptic or linear-lanceolate shining on Rethssuntane spinous toothed, pedicels short thick, berries ovoid, stigma sessile. Humid forests of the Easrern Himaxava, alt. 7-10,000 ft.; from E. Nipal, H. f, to Bhotan, Griffith. A beautiful holly-like bush, 4-6 ft. Leaves 3-7 in., rather remote ; petiole short. Flowers 3-20 in a fascicle, golden-yellow; pedicels 4-1 in., curved. Petals 2-fid. Berries } in., black. 9. B. ulicina, Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind, 227 ; glaucous, robust densely spiny, leaves fascicled pungent margins thickened, pedicels very short, berries small, stigma sessile. Western Trner; stony dry places in Nubra, alt. 14-16,000 ft., T. 7. A small shrub, 1-2 ft.; branches short, ~stout; spines stout, rigid, base dilated. ‘Leaves 4 in., rigidly coriaceous, crowded, 1-2-toothed on each side. lowers } in. diam., orange-yellow, densely crowded. Petals 2-fid. Ovary obscurely glandular, -4ovuled. Berry'black, glaucous. *** Peduncles solitary (rarely 2-3), 1-flowered. 10. B. angulosa, Wall. Cat. 1475 in part ; young shoots puberulous, ‘leaves small obovate or obovate-lanceolate puberulous, margins thickened, peduncle exceeding the leaves stout curved, outer sepals equalling the inner, berries broad pendulous. Temperate Himaxaya, Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 11-13,000 ft., Z. f. A shrub, 4{t.; branches strict leafy; spines 3-5-fid. Leaves 1-14 in., fascicled, -thin, coriaceous, usually quite entire, opaque above, rather shining beneath ; nerves ‘subparallel. Flowers rather large. Outer sepals broad. Petals entire. Berries 4-4 in., globose or broad oblong, red, 5-7-seeded, edible ; stigma sessile or style short ; _ ,peduncle stout, curved. ll, B. macrosepala, H. f. in Bot. Mag.t.4744 ; erect or prostrate, gla- brous, leaves obovate-oblong coarsely spinulose-toothed, margins thickened, peduncle ‘slender, outer sepals equalling the inner, berries large ovoid. Af. & T. Fl, Ind. 228. Interior of the Srxxim Hiavava, alt. 12-13,000 ft., . f. : Asmall shrub, 2-4 ft.; branches spreading; spines slender, equalling the leaves. Leaves fascicled, 4-1 in., usually glaucous beneath. lowers rather large, peduncle -eurved, glabrous. Berries 4-3 in., red, 6—10-seeded ; stigma sessile. 12. B. concinna, H./. in Bot. Mag. t. 4744 ; prostrate, much branched, ‘branches slender red glabrous, leaves:small obovate spinous-toothed white 112 VI. BERBERIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Berberis. beneath margin thickened, peduncles slender, outer sepals half as long as the inner, berries large oblong. A. f. & T. Fi. Ind. 229. Interior valleys of Sixxm ; Hrratara, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Z. f. A sniall shrub, 1-3 ft., often forming appressed cushions, conspicuous for the deep green upper and white under surface of its small deciduous leaves; spines equalling the leaves or shorter, 3-fid, slender, Leaves 4-$ in., tip rounded or truncate. Peduncle exceeding the leaves. F'lower's bright-orange. Berries 3-3 in., pendulous, compressed, many-seeded. ——— Doubtful species are (1) ashrub like B. concinna and referred to it as var. @ in Fl, Ind., with angled and lobed spinous toothed leaves, found at 9-10,000 ft. in Kumaon and Garwhal. (2) A Sikkim (alt. 9000 ft.) species allied to the above, in flower and young leaf only, with obovate-lanceolate entire awned leaves, and fascicled or subum-. belled flowers on a slender peduncle. 5. EPIMEDIUM, Linn. Herbs: rootstock creeping. Leaves ternately compound. lowers white or coloured, racemed or panicled. Sepals 8, petaloid, in 2 opposite series, outer smaller. Petals 4 opposite the sepals, hooded or spurred. Stamens 4, opposite the petals ; anther-cells opening by recurved valves. Ovary 1; style subulate, continuous with the dorsal suture, stigma dilated ; ovules few or many, 2-seriate on the ventral suture. Capsule elongate, unequally 9-valved, smaller valve deciduous, leaving the seeds attached to the _persis- ee re Seeds few, aril fleshy.—DistRp, Species about 8 ; temp. Europe and Asia. E. elatum, Morr. & Dne. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, ii. 356; leaves 2-3- . ternate, leaflets ovate-cordate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute, filaments e pean the ovary, ovules 2-3. Dne. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. 9,t.8; Hf. & 7. . Ind. 231. Western Himataya, Kasuuir, Bananat and Kisurwar, alt. 6-8000 ft., Jacque- mont, &c. Stem 2-8 f., slender, glabrous. Leaves 6-12 in.; leaflets 1-23 in., lateral oblique, membranous, spinulous-toothed. Panicle glabrous or glandular; bracts minute. Flowers } in. diam., yellow-white. Anthers linear. Ovary linear ; style slender, per- sistent. Capsule membranous. Sceds 2-3, reniform black. 6. PODOHPYLLUM, Linn. Scapigerous herbs ; rootstock creeping, scaly, 2-leaved. Leaves peltate pees lobed. lowers large, white or rose-coloured, Sepals 3-6, peta- oid. Petals 6-9 (rarely 4). Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals ; anther-cells opening by slits, Ovary simple; stigma large, sessile, peltate; ovules many, on a broad ventral placenta. Fruit berried, many- “seeded. Seeds obovoid, imbedded in pulp.—Disrrre, A N. American and -a Himalayan species. : 1, P. emodi, Wall. Cat. 814 ; scape supra-axillary, stamens usually 6 Royle Ill. 64 and 379 in note; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind, 239, P. Peonien Royle l.c.; Dne. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. ii. t. 9. Interior ranges of the Himanaya, alt. 9-14,000 ft., fr ‘ descending to 6000 ft. in Kasur. : ne ee Stem or scape 6-12 in., erect, stout, herbaceous. Leaves 2, vernal, alternate, long- petioled, plaited and deflexed in venation, 6-10 in. diam., orbicular, 3-5lobed to the Podophyllum.] VI. BERBERIDEX, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 115 middle or base; lobes cuneate, acutely serrate, Pedwncle terminal in bud, then appa- rently pe nay or inserted on the petiole of the upper leaf. Flowers 1-14 in. diam. ‘Sepdis very deciduous. Petals 6, sometimes 4 (Royle), obovate-oblong. Berry 1-2 in,, ellipsoid, red, edible. Oxvzr VII. NYMPH@ACEAS. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) . Aquatic perennial herbs. Leaves usually floating, often peltate, margins involute in vernation. Scapes 1-flowered, naked. loral-whorls all free, hypogynous or adnate to a fleshy disk that surrounds or envelops the car- pels: Sepals 3-5. Petals 3-5, or many. Stamens many. Carpels 3 or more ‘In one whorl, free or connate or irregularly sunk in pits of the disk ; stigmas. as many as carpels, peltate or decurrent; ovules few, or many and scattered over the walls of the cells, anatropous or orthotropous, Fruit formed of the connate carpels, or of separate and indehiscent carpels, or of the enlarged turbinate flat-topped disk with the nut-like carpels sunk in its crown. Seeds naked or arilled ; albumen floury or 0; embryo enclosed in the en- larged amniotic sac.—Distrie. Temperate and tropical; genera 8, species 30-40. SusorpEr I. Cabombeze. Sepals and petals 3 each, free. Carpels free. Ovules few. Seeds albuminous, 1, Brasenra. Susorver Il. Nympheow. Sepals 4-6. Petals and stamens indefinite. Carpels confluent with one another or with the disk into one ovary. Ovules many. Seeds albuminous. Sepals; petals and stamens }-superior, inserted on the disk, which 1s confnent with the carpels coe ee ee ew ew ew ww 2 NOMPRAL Sepals inferior ; petals superior; carpels sunk in the torus . . . 3. Barcuaya. Sepals, petals and stamens superior. Carpels sunk in the torus . 4, Euryate. ‘ Suporper III. Nelumbiew. Sepals 4-5, Petals and stamens indefi- nite. Carpels irregularly scattered, sunk in pits of the turbinate disk, Ovules 1-2, Seed exalbuminous, : 5. NeLumpium. 1. BRASENTA, Schreber. Aslender aquatic, with a creeping rootstock, Stem branched. Leaves alternate, peltate, floating; petioles and peduncles clothed with mucus. Flower red, peduncles axillary. Sepals 3. Petuts 3, linear. Stamens 12-18; anthers linear, slits lateral. Disk small, Ovarces 6-18, cylindric ; stigma: dilated, villous ; ovules 2-3, pendulous from the walls of the ovary. Carpels coriaceous, indehiscent. Seeds albuminous. 1. B. peltata, Pursh. ; leaves elliptic-oblong, De pubescent. Hf. & T- Fl. Ind. i. 246. Hydropeltis purpurea, Richard ; DC. Prodr. 112; Griff. Itin. Notes, 160, Brora near Punaka, alt. 6000 ft., Griffith; Kaasta nicis near Nonkreem, alt. 4500 ft., H. f. &@ T—Drsrem. Eastern N. America; Eastern Australia. Leaves 2-4 in, Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals pubescent: Petale rose-red. VOL, I, I 114 vit. NympHzAcEx. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) [Nymphaea + 2, NYMPHEA, L. Large herbs; rootstock creeping. Flowers expanded, large, floating on long radical scapes. Sepals 4, adnate to the base of the disk. Petals in many series, inner successively transformed into stamens, all adnate to the disk. Filaments petaloid; anthers small, linear, slits introrse. Ovaries many, in 1 series, sunk in the fleshy disk and with it forming a many- celled ovary crowned by the connate radiating furrowed. stigmas ; ovules many, anatropous. /’ruit a spongy berry ripening under water. Seeds minute, buried in pulp, enclosed in a sac-like fleshy aril.—DistRis, Species 20; most temperate and tropical regions. 1, N. alba, Linn. ; leaves cordate quite entire, flowers white, anthers without appendages, stigmatic rays about 16 with cylindric appendages. Af. &T. Fl. Ind, 241. Kasamir Lake, alt. 5300 ft.—Disrrrs. Europe, Siberia. Leaves 5-10 in. diam., suborbiculate, lobes contiguous. Sepals linear or ovate-oblong, nerves reticulate. Petals about 10, outer linear-oblong, equalling the sepals.’ Pollen echinulate. ‘ Seeds minute, striate and punctate. Var. Kashmiriana, H. f. & T.l.c. ; ovaries pubescent or villous. N. Cachemeriana, Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. ii. t.10; N. alba, var. Kosteletzkyi, Planch. in Ann. Se. Nat. Sér, 8, xix. 33.—Kashmir, Jacquemont. 2. N. Lotus, Linn. ; leaves sharply sinuate-toothed, flowers white rose or red, sepals obtuse ribbed, anthers without appendages, stigmatic rays with clubbed appendages. A. f.& 7. Fl. Ind. 241. N. rubra, fowb. Fl. Ind. ii. 576; W.d A. Prodr.17; Wight Iil.i.t.10; Wall. Cat. 7255, N. Devoniensis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t.4665. N. edulis, DC. ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 578; Wall, Cat. 7254, ; Common throughout the warmer parts of India—Duistem. Africa, Hungary, Java, Philippine Islands. : a Leaves 6-12 in. broad; young sagittate. Flowers 2-10 in. broad, very variable in colour. Sepals oblong, 5-10-ribbed. Petals linear or ovate-oblong. Filaments broadly dilated at the base; pollen smooth. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, rough. Var. pubescens, H.f. &T. Fl. Ind. 241; leaves puberulous or pubescent beneath, flowers smaller. N. pubescens, Willd.; W. & A. Prodr.17 and 447; Wall. Cat. 7256; N. sagittata, Edgw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 29. . 3. N. stellata, Willd. ; leaves quite entire or obtusely sinuate-toothed, flowers variously coloured, petals acute or taper-pointed, anthers with long anpeldar stigmatic rays terminating in short horns without appendages. wf. & T, £l. Ind. 1. 243. Common throughout the warmer parts of India.—Dusrrris. Africa. Leaves orbicular or elliptic, often blotched with purple beneath, lobes acute or obtuse. Flowers 1-10 in. diam., blue, white, rose, or purple, slightly odorous. Sepals many- veined, not ribbed, often streaked with fine short purple lines. Petals 10-30, linear- oblong or lanceolate. Stamens 10-50; pollen smooth. Stigmatic rays 10-30. Seeds substriate. Var. 1. cyanea, H. f. & T. Le. ; flowers medium-sized blue scarcely odorous.—N. cyanea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 577; W. & A. Prodr. i.17; Wall. Cat. 7253, A, D. N. a B, Bot. ve ee yds ar. 2. parviflora, H. f. & T. lc. ; flowers usually smaller blue.—N. stel ld ; W. & A. Prodr.i.17; Wall. Cat. 7253, Od E. - eee Var. 3. versicolor, H.f.d& T. l.c. ; flowers larger white blue purple or flesh-coloured, stamens very many.—N. versicolor, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 41; Fl. Ind. ii.577; Bot. Mag. t.1189; Wall. Cat.7257. N. punctata, Edgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. zx, 29. £ Edgeworthii and N. Hookeriana, Lehm. der Gatt. Nymph. 7 and 21. Nymphea.] Vil. NYMPHZACEH. (Hook. £. & Thoms.) 115 4, N. pygmea, Aiton; very small, leaves oblong-orbicular or quite entire, lobes acute, flowers white, stamens without appendages, stigmatic rays 4-8 broad ovate spoon-shaped. Bot, Mag. t. 1525; H.f & 7. Fl. Ind. 244, Kauasia itis, Jenkins, in marshes at Nonkreem, alt. 5600 ft., H. f. & T.—Disrers. Siberia, N. China, Rootstock woolly with soft black hairs. Leaves 1-2 in. long, lobes diverging. Flowers 14-2 in, diam. Calyx base square; sepals 4, obtuse. Petals about 10, obtuse. Stamens 3-4-seriate ; pollen subgranular, 3. BARCLAYA, Wallich. . An aquatic herb ; rootstock short, villous. eaves linear-oblong, hastate, floating. Peduncles extra-axillary. lowers red or purplish. Sepals.5, in- serted at the base of the ovary. Petals numerous, 3-seriate, united into a tube that is confluent with the carpels. Stamens many-seriate, inserted on a ring within the corolla-tube; anthers pendulous from recurved fila- ments, outer imperfect. Ovaries about 1U, confluent, top conical ; styles conniving into a 10-rayed cone, stigmatiferous within ; ovules many, ortho- tropous, parietally scattered. Berry globose, pulpy, crowned with the corolla-tube and annular torus. Seeds spheric, echinate, albumen floury ; embryo minute. : 1 B. longifolia, Wall. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xv. 442, t.18; Hook. Ic. Pi. t. 809, 810; Griff, Notul. 218, t. 57; H.f.& 7’. Fl. Ind. 246. Birma and from Pseu to Mereur. Leaves 6-8 by 1-14 in., membranous, smooth or pubescent beneath; petiole as long, slender. Flowers 4-14 in. long, dull green outside, red or purple within, inodorous. Fruit as large as a cherry. 4, EURYVALE, Salisb. A densely prickly aquatic ; rootstock thick. eaves orbicular, corrugate. Flowers violet, partially submerged. Sepals 4, erect, inserted on the edge of the torus above the carpels. Petals numerous, 3-5-seriate, shorter than the petals. Stamens many, many-seriate, fascicled in eights; filaments linear ; pollen spheric, 3-nucleate. Ovary 8-celled, sunk in the dilated top of the torus; stigma discoid, depressed, concave; ovules few, parietal. Berry spongy, crowned with the persistent sepals. Seeds 8-20, aril pulpy ; testa thick, black, albumen mealy, embryo small, 1. BE. ferox, Salisb. ; Roxb. Cor. Plant, iii. t. 244; Bot. Mag. t. 1447; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 245. E. indica and H. ferox, Planch. Htudes Nymph, 29. Anneslia spinosa, Roxb, #1. Ind. ii. 573. Oupe; Juzers of Eastern Beneat, and Kasamir Laxe.—Disrer. China. Rootstock short. Leaves 1-4 ft. diam., elliptic or orbicular, green above, downy and red or purple beneath, with strong spiny ribs. Jlowers 1-2 in. long, bright red inside, green and shining outside. Berry 2-4 in.diam. Seeds from a pea to a cherry in,size, much eaten roasted. 5. NELUMBIUM, Juss. An erect large, water herb with milky juice ; rootstock stout, creeping. Leaves raised high above the water, peltate. lowers rose-red white or yellow. Sepals 4-5, inserted on the top of the scape, caducous. Petals and stamens many, hypugynous, many-seriate, caducous. Anthers with : clubbed I 116 "vit. NYMPHHACEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) | Nelumbium. appendage. Ovaries many, 1-celled, sunk in the flat top of an obconic fleshy torus, attachment lateral ; style very short, exserted, stigma terminal, dilated ; ovules 1-2, pendulous. Carpels ovoid, loose in the cavities of the enlarged spongy torus; pericarp bony, smooth, Seed filling the carpel, testa spongy, albumen0; cotyledons fleshy, thick, enclosing the large folded plumule.—Disrrrp, Species 2, one Asiatic and Australian ; the other W. Indian. 1. N. speciosum, Willd. ; Wight é Arn. Prodr.i.16; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 647; Wight Ili.t.9; H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 247. _N. asiaticum, Rich. in Ann. Mus. xvii. 249, t. 9. Nelumbo Indica, Poir. Encycl. iv. 453. Cyamus Nelumbo, Smith Hot, Bot. i, 59, t. 31, 32. C. mysticus, Salish. Ann. Bot. ii. 75. Nymphwa Nelumbo, Linn. Throughout India, extending as far to the N.W. as Kasamme.—Disrais. Persia, Malay Islands, China, Japan, Tropical Australia. Peduncles and petioles 3-6 ft. high, full of spiral vessels, smooth or with small scat- tered prickles. Leaves 2-3 ft.diam., membranous, glaucous, cupped. Flowers 4-10 in. diam., white or rose. Petals elliptic, concave, veined. Fruiting torus 2-4 in. diam. Ripe carpels from the size of a pea to a small cherry. Orver VII. PAPAVERACEAs. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Annual or perennial herbs; juice usually milky or coloured. Leaves radical or alternate, stipules 0. Flowers often large, nodding in bud, regular, hermaphrodite ; perianth and stamens very caducous. Sepals 2, hypogynous, concave. Petals 4, 2-seriate, large, crumpled. Stamens very many, fila- ments slender ; anthers erect, slits lateral. Ovary 1-celled, or 2-4-celled by the produced placer ae ; style short or 0; stigmas radiating, connate and opposite the placentas, or free and alternating with them ; ovules many- seriate, parietal, anatropous. Carpels dehiscing by pores or valves. Seeds many, small, albumen oily and fleshy ; embryo minute, 2-lobed or 2-fid. eas About 17 genera and 65 species, chiefly natives of the N. Temp. one. : The European genera Glaucium and Remeria, both natives of Affghanistan, have not been found in the British possessions. * Capsule usually short, opening by short valves or pores. Stigmas 4 or more, radiating on a sessile disk. . . 1. Papaver. Stigmas 4-6, radiating from the top of a depressed style 1 1 7 U#ARGEMoNE. Stigmas 4-6, decurrent on the top of the style . . . . . . 2. Mxconopais: ** Capsule short or long, dehiscing throughout its length. Ovary 1-celled; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed . . . . . . . . 3. Catncartia. Ovary i-celled ; style erect, stigma 2-4-lobed. . . . . . . 4 SryLoPHoRUM. 1. PAPAVER, Linn. Annual or perennial herbs, juice milky. eaves lobed or cut. Flowers on long peduncles. Ovary 1-celled ; stigma discoid or pyramidal with radiating lobes opposite the placentas which project into the cell. Capsule short, opening by small valves under the lobes of the persistent stigma. Seeds small, pitted.—Distrip. Species about 12, temp. Europe and Asia, with an Australian and a 8, African representative. Papaver.] | VIII. PAPAVERACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 117 1. P. nudicaule, L. ; perennial, hairy, flowers orange-yellow, capsule obovoid hispid. A. f.& 7. Fl. Ind, 249. Western Tipe, alt. 16-17,000 ft., 7. L., &c.—Disrre, Affghanistan, Mts. of Central and Northern Hurope, N. Asia, Arctic regions. Rootstock scaly. Leaves 2-4 in:, all radical, obovate or oblong, pinnatifid; lobes Puethleng, hairy. Scapes several, 4-12 in. Mowers 2-3 in, diam, Sepals densely airy. 2. BP. hybridum, L. ; leaves 2-3-pinnatifid sparingly hispid, filaments dilated upwards, capsule subglobose hispid, stigma convex rays 4-8, Pungan near Peshawur, Vicary; Jena valley, Jacquemont.—Disrrie. Affghanis. tan, W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe. Annual, sparingly branched, 10-18 in. Leaves more or less cut into linear awned segments ; radical petioled, cauline sessile. Flower 1-2 in. diam., scarlet, with a black disk. Sepals hairy, obtuse. Capsule in. long. Stigmatic rays reaching or exceeding the edge of the disk. 3. P. Rhoeas, L. ; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule sub- globose glabrous, stigma convex rays 8-12, Kasamir, Falconer, &c.—Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa. Annual, branched, hispid, 1-2 ft. Zeaf-lobes more or lesd cut, ascending, awned. Scapes with spreading or appressed hairs. , Flowers 3-4 in. diam., scarlet; pairs of petals unequal. Stigmatic rays overlapping. Capsule stalked. 4, P. dubium, Z.; leaves 1-2-pinnatifid, filaments filiform, capsule obovoid glabrous, stigma 6-12-rayed. H.f. & T. Fl, Ind, 250. P. glabrum, Royle Ill. 67. ~ Wesrern Horaraya from Garwhal to Hazara, in cornfields.—Disrris. Affghanistan, Europe, W, Asia. Habit of P. Rheas, but often glabrous, and leaf segments usually narrower; hairs of Scape appressed. Petals scarlet, in unequal pairs. Capsule sessile. , P, SOMNIFERUM, L. ; leaves oblong amplexicaul lobed toothed and ser- rate, filaments slightly dilated, capsule globose, glabrous, stigmatic rays 5-12, Roxb. Fl.Ind. ii, 571; W.d& A, Prodr.17 ; Wall.Cat. 8118; Hf. & 7. Fl. Ind. 250. P. amaenum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxv. Misc. 56. Cultivated throughout India.—Disrr. Cultivated in temp. and warm regions ‘of Europe, Asia, and N. Africa. Annual, 2-4 ft., glaucous, simple, rarely branched, usually quite glabrous. Leaves ovate-oblong or linear-oblong. Flower large, white purple or scarlet. Sepals glabrous. Capsule 1 in. diam., stalked. Seeds white or black.— Opium poppy. P. orientale, L., and P. Argemone, L., are common garden plants in India. 1* ARGEMONE, Linn. An erect prickly annual ; juice yellow. Flowers bright yellow. Sepals 2-3. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Ovary 1-celled; style very short, stigma 4-7-lobed ; ovules many, on 4-7 parietal placentas. Capsule short, dehiscing at the top by short valves, that alternate with the stigmas and placentas. _ Seeds many.—Distris. A small American genus, of which the following species is naturalized throughout India, A. mexicana, JZ. ; leaves sessile }-amplexicaul sinuate-pinnatifid varie- ated green and white. Roxb. F7. Ind. ii. 571; W. & A. Prodr.i. 18; Wight Ti, t.11; Wall. Cat, 8126; H. f. & Z. £l. Ind. 251, : 118 VIII. PAPAVERACEE. (Hook.f & Thoms.) [Argemone. By roadsides and in fields throughout India. betes : A robust herb, sometimes half-woody below, 2-4 ft., with ‘spreading branches. Leaves 3-7 in. Flowers 1-3 in. diam. Sepals horned at the top. Capsule $-1% in. long, terete, usually bristly, elliptic or oblong. 2. MECONOPSIS, Viguier. Perennial herbs ; juice yellow. eaves entire or lobed. FTowers solitary or racemed, large, blue yellow or purple. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary 1-celled ; style distinct, stigmatic lobes radiating on its clubbed extremity. Capsule ovoid or elongate, with short valves. below the persistent style, Seeds many, small, rugose.—DistR1B. Mountains of the N. hemisphere ; species about 10. * Scapes radical, 1-flowered. 1, M. simplicifolia, H. /, & 7. Fl. Ind. 252; softly hairy, leaves lan- ceolate entire or few-toothed. Hook. f. Ill. Him. Pi. t. 8 Papaver simpli- cifolium, Don Prodr. 196; Wall. Cat. 8125. Suparrive Hmataya, Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 12-14,000 ft., . f. . Root stout, fusiform; neck villons. Leaves many, 2-3 in., tapering into a petiole. Scapes stout, clothed with deflexed hairs. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals hispid. Ovary cylindric; style }in., stigmas 5-8. Capsule 2 in., linear-oblong, covered with deciduous hairs. 2. M. horridula, H./. é& T. Fl. Ind. 252; prickly, leaves lanceolate subentire. Sixzm Himaraya, alt. 14-17,000 ft., Wf. Stem 0, or short. Leaves 3-5 in., obtuse or acute. Scapes 4-8 in., many, rigid, erect, densely prickly. Flowers 1} in. diam., blue-purple. Sepals bristly. Capsule 4-1 in., prickly, obovate or oblong; style $ in., stigma conical.—Possibly a state of M. aculeata. In abnormal flowers the petals are sometimes many and linear. ** Stems leafy. Flowers racemed or panicled. 3. M. aculeata, Royle Ill. 67, t. 15; prickly, leaves irregularly pinna- tifid, flowers blue-purple, capsules short prickly and bristly. Wall. Cat. 81292; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 253; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5456. M. Gul. Walde- mani, Klotesch. Reis, Pr. Wald. t. 36. Western Himaxara, from Kashmir to Kumaon; alt. 11-15,000 ft. Stem 1-2 ft., smooth, except the short scattered prickles. Leaves 4-8 in., oblong or lanceolate, long-petioled ; cauline sessile. Flowers 2-3 in. diam. ; pedicels slender, - packly in fruit. Capsule 3-3 in., densely prickly, obconic-obovate or oblong; style alf as long. 4, M. robusta, H. f & 7. Fl. Ind. 253 ; glaucous, sparsely hairy, leaves pinnatifid, capsule linear-oblong 7-8-valved clothed with spreading bristles. Wall. Cat, 8121, 8124. Temperate Horanava, alt. 8-10,000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Kumaon. Stem 4-6 ft. Leaves 8-14 in., pinnate, lobes Sa long-petioled, cauline sessile. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., colour unknown, in subracemose panicles; pedicels 8-4 in., densely clothed with reflexed bristles under the flower, elongating in fgnit. Sepals bristly. Capsule 13 in., densely bristly, at length glabrous; style slender. 5. M. nipalensis, DC. Prodr. i. 121 ; stellately pubescent and laxly hairy, leaves sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers golden yellow, sepals Meconopsis.| | VIII. PAPAVERACEE, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 119 setose, capsule obovate-oblong 8-10-valved. Wall. Cat.8193A; H.f.& T. Fil, Ind, 253 ; H. f. Ill. Him. Pl.t.9, Papaver paniculatum, Don Prodr. 197. Temperate Hrauaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft.; Nipal, Wallich, Sikkim, H. f. Stem 3-5 ft., stout, erect, nearly simple; young parts clothed with soft golden villous hairs. Leaves 10-16 in., oblong or lanceolate, softly pubescent when young. Flowers 2-3} in. diam., in elongated nearly simple racemes. Sepals densely tomentose and bristly. Capsule 14-2 in., clothed with appressed hairs and stellate down; style 4 in. 6. M. Wallichii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4668 ; slender, stellately pubescent and softly hairy, leaves pinnatifid, flowers much panicled purple, sepals not setose, capsule elliptic-oblong 5-valved. Wall. Cat. 8123 B; H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 254, Temperate Himataya, alt. 9-10,000 ft.; in Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkim, H. f. Stem 4-6 ft., branched. Leaves 8-12 in., oblong or obovate-lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; long-petioled. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., many; pedicels short. Sepals densely pubescent. Capsule 1 in., elliptic-oblong, 5-valved, densely bristly—There is much confusion in the Wallichian Herbarium amongst the specimens of the three last species (which are included in his numbers 8123, 8124 and 8125), and which we suspect may pe reaeest to two; and we are further not sure to which Don’s Papaver paniculatum elongs. 3. CATHCARTIA, Hook. f. A perennial softly hairy herb; juice yellow. Leaves long-petioled, cor- date, lobed. lowers racemed, golden-yellow. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary: 1-celled ; stigma sessile, 4-6-lobed ; ovules many, on 4-6 parietal placentas. . Capsule cylindric, dehiscing throughout its length by valves between the Piacente which remain attached to the persistent stigma. Seeds stro- phiolate. 1. G. villosa, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. +. 4506; Hf. & T. Fl. Ind, 254° Sixx Himavaya, alt. 10-12,000 ft., ZH. f. Stem 10-18 in., sparingly branched. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., long-petioled ; 2—-5-lobed, lobes variously cut; cauline shorter petioled and less divided, uppermost sessile. Flowers few, 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered racemes; pedicels slender, curved. Cap- sules 2-3 in., slender, erect, valves membranous. 4, STYLOPHORUM, Nutial. Perennial herbs ; juice yellow. eaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow or red. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Ovary 1-celled; style erect, stigmas 2-4, ascending, papillose on the inner surface; ovules many, on 2-4 parietal placentas. Capsule ovoid-oblong or linear, dehiscing by 2-4 valves between the pla- centas which remain attached to the persistent stigmas,—D1sTRIB. Species . 4-5, temperate European and Asiatic. 1. S. lactucoides, Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 53; laxly hairy, leaves: runcinate pinnatifid, flowers yellow. Dicranostigma lactucoides, Hf. & T. Fl. Ind. 255. Inner ranges of the GarwHat Himauara, alt. 11,000 ft., Strach. & Winterd. Rootstock stout, woody. Stem 6-10in. Leaves numerous, 3-5 in., glaucous beneath, segments broad ovate, hairy on both surfaces ; petiole winged; cauline sessile. Scapes 3-4, slender, Flowers few, 2 in. diam., pedicels slender. Sepals pilose, tips horned. 120 Orver IX. FUMARIACEA:. Annual or perennial herbs; juice watery. Leaves usually divided, seg- ments not jointed. Flowers small, racemed, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, small, scale-like, deciduous. Petals 4, in usually very dissimilar pairs ; 2 outer larger, one or both gibbous or spurred; 2 inner smaller, erect, tips often coherent. Stamens 6, in 2 bundles (4, free in Hypecowm), opposite the outer petals ; anther of central stamen in each bundle 2-celled, of lateral l-celled. Quary 1-celled ; style long or short, stigma obtuse or lobed ; ovules 2 or more, amphitropous, parietal. Fruit a 2-valved, many-seeded capsule, or an indehiscent 1-seeded nut. Seeds albuminous, raphe some- times appendaged ; embryo minute——Dusrriz. Genera 7; species about 100, natives of the temp, and warm regions of the N. hemisphere. Stamens 4, free . . . , oe ee es ee) 61. Hypecoum. Stamens 6, diadelphous. ; Outer petals both spurred; capsule many-seeded. . . . . . 2. Dicewrra. One outer petal spurred; capsule many-seeded . . . . . . 8. Corvpats, One outer petal spurred; fruit indehiscent, nut l-seeded . . . 4. Fumanm. ]. HYPECOUM, Tournefort. Low annual glaucous herbs, Leaves pinnatisect. Flowers yellow white or purplish. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, spreading, 2 outer flat or slightly concave, obovate, obtuse or obtusely 3-toothed ; 2 inner 3-lobed, midlobe concave. Stamens 4, free, opposite the petals, with sometimes a stalked gland at the base of each ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary 1-celled, septate within ; style short, stigmas 2, glandular at the tips; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule slender, transversely septate within, breaking up into joints or longitudinally 2-valved. Seeds compressed.—DistRis. Species 4-5; natives of the Mediterranean region and temperate Asia. 1. H. procumbens, Linn. ; leaves 2-3-pinnatisect, flowers yellow, ae ed 3-lobed, midlobe of inner toothed or fimbriate. Hf. & 7. . Ind, 275. Drier parts of the Pursaus, Peshawur, Vicary; Mooltan, Edgeworth; Salt Range, Fleming, &c.—Distriz. W. Asia, Mediterranean region. Stems many, procumbent, 3-12 in., slender. Leaves 2-4 in., segments linear or oblong, cut; upper sessile, whorled. lowers few, 3 in. diam., pedicelled. Inner petals with the lateral segments linear-oblong, obtuse, midlobe entire retuse or 2-fid. Fruit 14-24 in,, $ in. broad, curved, subcompressed, at length breaking up into 1-seeded joints, 2. H. leptocarpum, Z. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 276; leaves 2-pinnatisect, : flowers pale purple, outer petals obtuse, midlobe of inner oblong cucullate. Sandy soil in Wzst Trser, alt. 9-12,000 ft., 7. 7; interior of the Sisxim Huwataya, alt. 12-14,000 ft., H. f. Stems many, procumbent, 6-12 in., much: branched. Leaves many, 2-4 in., pinne 4 in., distant ; pinnules oblong, sharply cut ; uppermost linear, whorled. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., pedicels slender. nner petals lobed almost to the middle. Fruit } in., very slender, breaking up into 1-seeded joints, 2. DICENTRA, Borkhaus. Glabrons, perennial rooted, climbing, slender herbs. Zeaves decompound, petiole ending in a branched tendril. owers yellow or purple, in leaf-opposed Dicenira.] IX, FUMARIACER, 121 pendulous racemes or corymbs. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, connivent; 2 outer oblong, concave, base saccate; 2 inner clawed, tips cohering, keeled. Stamens 6,diadelphous from the base or from above the middle ; mid-anther of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled; style filiform, stigma 2-lobed ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule dehiscing by 2 membranous (rarely fleshy) longitudinal valves, which leave the seed- bearing placentas attached to the stigma. Seeds small, beaked, arillate or not.—Distris. Several species, natives of temp. N. Asia and N. America. 1, D. torulosa, 1. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 272 ; peduncles 6-8-flowered corym- bose orsubumbellate, bracts fimbriate, capsule narrow torulose, seeds opaque. Kuasta arts, alt. 4-6000 ft., Grifith, &c. Stem 8-10 ft. Leaf-segments }-1 in., ovate to linearlanceolate. Flowers }-% in. long, golden-yellow ; pedicels 4 in.; bracts as long, membranous, linear. Jilaments oe c short basal spur. Capsule 14-3 in., linear. Seeds 1-seriate, granulate; aril lobed. 2. D. Roylei, 'H. /. & 7. Fi. Ind, 273; peduncles 2-4-flowered, bracts lanceolate, capsule narrow not torulose, seeds shining, Temperate Himaxaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Bhotan Griffith, to Simla, Lady Dal- housie, Kuasta uiuis, Griffith, &c. Similar to D. torulosa, but more slender, 2-4 ft. Flowers 3-1 in. long, yellow; sometimes tinged purple; pedicels 4-1 in., longer than the lanceolate membranous bracts. Capsule 1-1} by 4 in. Seeds 2-seriate, black; aril small. , 8% D. seandens, Walp. Rep. 1.118; peduncles 8-12-flowered, bracts very small, capsule membranous lanceolate, seeds smooth shining. H./. g - Fl. Ind, 273, Macrocapnos scandens, Royle. Dielytra scandens, Don rodr., 198. Temperate Himarara ; alt. 5-6000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Garwhal, Edgeworth. Stem slender, flexuous, angled. Leaves alternate, segments 4-1 in., oval oblong or oprbicular. Flowers 3-1 in. long, yellow or purple; peduncle 2-3 in., slender, often leafy ; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracts linear. Capsule 1-1} in., acute at both ends, style 4-4 in., valves membranous. Seeds finely granulate at the back. 4, D. thalictrifolia, 1.7. é 7. Fl. Ind. 273 ; peduncle 8-12-flowered, bracts very small, capsule fleshy ovate-cordate, seeds granulate. Dactyli- capnos thalictrifolia, Wall. Tent. 51, t. 89; Cat. 1426 ; Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard, Ser. 2, t. 127. Temperate Himataya, alt. 4-8000 ft. from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith ; Kasra uitts at the Kala Pani Bungalow, alt. 5000 tt. Hf. & T. : Very similar to D. scandens and possibly not distinct specifically, but the capsule is broader, 2 in. long, thick, fleshy, very tardily dehiscent, the style is stouter, and the seeds finely granulate near| the hilum and coarsely so on the back.—It is common in Sikkim, and the pods are drier and most dehiscent at higher elevations. st 3. CORYDALIS, DC. Erect or prostrate herbs, usully perennial rooted. Leaves lobed or cut, upper sometimes opposite. lowers racemed, rarely subumbellate, small, shite blue yellow or purple. Sepals 2, small. Petals 4, erect, or conniving ; 2 outer dissimilar, anterior flat or concave, posterior gibbous or spurred at the base / 2 inner clawed, tips free or cohering, keeled. Stamens 6, diadel- phous ; posterior bundle with a basal spur enclosed in the petal-spur ; mid- anther of each bundle 2-celled, lateral 1-celled. Ovary 1-celled ; style fili- 122 IX, FUMARIACEE. [ Corydalis. form, stigmas 2 minute or dilated ; ovules 2 or more, on 2 parietal placentas, Capsule ovoid oblong elliptic or linear, valves 2 membranous leaving the seed-bearing placentas attached to the style. Seeds small, beaked, aril fleshy or 0.—DistRiB. Species about 70, temp. European and Asiatic, with a few N. American and Cape species. Sror. I. Erect leafy branched fibrous-rooted herbs. Capsule narrow linear. Seeds 1-seriate. 1, G. ophiocarpa, H. f & T. Fl. Ind. 259; leaves 2-pinnatisect, racemes lax many-flowered terminal and leaf-opposed, posticous petal equal- ling or exceeding the broad obtuse spur tip flat obcordate, anticous linear concave, capsule tortuous. Moist valleys of the Suxxrm-Hoarava, alt. 9000fl., Hf. - : : Stem 2-3 ft., slender, branched. Leaves 4-8 in., glaucous beneath, pinne 1-2 in., pinnules obovate-oblong, segments obtuse, mucronate, glaucous beneath. Flowers yellow; bracts minute, subulate, entire. Sepals orbicular, fimbriate. Posticous petal curved ; lateral united below the tip. Style slender, equalling the many-ovuled ovary. Capsule 1in. Seeds small, black, shining, punctate ; tunicle thickened. 2, ©. flaccida, H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 260; tall, leaves 3-4-pinnatisect, racemes terminal and axillary many-flowered, posticous petal twice as long as the curved conical spur, tip spathulate 2-lobed, pod straight. Moist valleys of the Srxxim-Himaxaya, alt. 11-12,000 ft., A. f. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, erect, branched. Leaves 6-12 in., membranous; pinnz 2 in. ; pinnules subsessile, ovate or orbicular, obtuse, not glaucous beneath ; lobes rounded, apiculate. Flowers 4-3 in. long, brown-purple ; racemes 2-6 in.; lower bracts leafy, median cut or lobed, upper narrow. Sepals ovate, acute, toothed. Posticous petal plano-convex, tip rounded winged. Style slender, twice as long as the linear ovary. Capsule 1-14 in., linear. 3. C. leptocarpa, H. 7. & TJ. Fl. Ind. 260; diffuse, leaves 2-ternately pinnatisect, racemes long-peduncled 2-7-flowered leaf-opposed, posticous petal concave acuminate much shorter than the slender curved spur, pod erect straight torulose. Eastern Himaraya, in Bhotan; Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft., A. f. Stem 6-12 in., weak, branched, decumbent. Leaves 3-6 in., long-petioled, mem- branous, segments broadly obovate, deeply cut, lobes rounded, glaucous or not beneath.. Flowers 1-14 in. long, dull purple; bracts obovate or oblong-cuneate, cut. Sepals minute, oblong, fimbriate. Posticous petal concave, narrow oblong, tip winged; anticous spathulate, acuminate. Style sender, half as long as the linear ovary. Cap- a. Vd in., narrow linear. Seeds I-seriate, black, shining, smooth; aril broad, 2-lobed. _ Sect. II. Root fibrous. Pod short, elliptic obovate lanceolate or subglo- bose. Seeds 2-seriate, * Root bulbous. or rootstock elongate, stem simple. Radical leaves few or 0; cauline opposite alternate or whorled. Racemes undivided. 4. GC. ruteefolia, Sibth. Flor. Grec. t. 667 ; leaves opposite or whorled 2-3-ternately cut, raceme erect 6-12-flowered, bracts entire, outer petals not keeled equalling or shorter than the inflated obtuse spur. H. f. & 7. Fl, Ind. 262. C. diphylla, Wall. Cat. 1430 ; Tent. Fl. Nep. 54. C. paucifiora, Hdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 30. C. longipes, Don Prodr, 198 (not of DC.) Corydalis.) IX. FUMARIACER, 123 C, Hamiltoniana, Don Syst. Gard. i. 142. C. Griffithii, Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, No. 1, p.15; Grifith. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 658, f. 23. Western Himatava, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Kumaon to Marri, Mleming.—Distrr. Mts. of the Levant, W. Asia, and Soongaria. Rootstock slender. Stem 3-8 in., erect, simple. Leaves 2-3, subsessile; segments small rounded in much-divided leaves, more commonly }-1 in., ovate-oblong or linear, entire or lobed, much veined. Flowers 3-1 in. long, bright purple, tips dark; bracts .oblong or lanceolate, veined, shorter than the pedicels, Sepals minute. Style shorter than the oblong ovary; stigma dilated. Capsule 4 in., ovate-oblong. Var. 1; posticous petal dilated upwards very obtuse mucronate or emarginate. Var. 2; posticous petal narrow concave acute.—C. verticillaris, DC. Prodr.i. 126. 5. G. cachemiriana, Royle Jil. 69, t. 16, f. 1 ;"radical leaves palmately 3-5-partite, cauline usually alternate 3-6-partite, flowers subumbellate, lower bracts 3-fid, posticous petal about equalling the curved spur. H.f.& T. Fl. Ind. 263. Temperate and suBALPINE Himauaya, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, H. f,, to Kashmir, Royle. Bulb small, scaly. Stem 2-6 in. Radical leaves long-petioled, early withering ; cauline near the top of the stem, subsessile ; lobes 4-1 in., linear, entire. lowers $-1 in. long, bright blue with dark-blue tips; racemes terminal, 3-8-flowered ; bracts exceeding the pedicels. Sepals minute. Posticous petal concave, acute or acuminate. Capsule linear-oblong, pendulous or deflexed. 6. G. polygalina, H.f. & 7. Fi. Ind. 263 ; simple, leaves caulinealter- nate, pinnate, racemes axillary and terminal 5-10-flowered, lower bracts 3-fid, posticous petal shorter than the straight obtuse cylindric spur. Srxzim-Himaraya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., #. f. Root and radical leaves unknown. Cauline leaves 1-2 in., subsessile, pinne in 5-6 airs, lower 3-5-partite; segments 1 in., narrow-linear, coriaceous, parallel-veined. lowers 2 in., yellow with a dark purple spot; pedicels very short; upper bracts lanceolate. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, wing narrow. Capsule 3-4 in., oblong.— Allied to C. rutefolia, but distinguished by the habit, alternate leaves, axillary racemes, and winged tips of the petals. 7.C. juncea, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nip. 54, t. 42; Cat. 1429 ; erect, slender, leaflets or leaves few narrow, racemes terminal many-flowered, bracts linear entire, posticous petals longer than the short obtuse spur. H.f.dé 7. Fl. Ind. 264. : Temperate Hywaraya, alt. 12-14,000 ft.; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, Hf. ’ Stem 1-14 ft. Leaves 4-1 in., linear-lanceolate, bract-like. Flowers 5—} in. long, bright yellow with purple tips; racemes 2-3 in.; pedicels 4-3 in., slender; bracts half as long. Posticous petal very convex, back broadly winged. Capsules (unripe) 2 in., oblong, in much elongate. racemes, pedicels deflexed. _ ** Root fusiform. Stem or scape simple, rarely divided, leafless or with 1-2 leaves, Leaves chiefly radical. Racemes simple. Spur equalling or exceeding the petals, 8 G. crithmifolia, Royle Ill. 68; leaves all radical 2-3-pinnatisect, segments narrow or broad, raceme terminal many-flowered, bracts narrow much exceeding the pedicels. A. f & 7. Fl. Ind, 264 ; Walp. Rep. i. 120 (as C. epithymifolia, by error). ee ; - Susazrive and Temperate Hiwarava, ascending to 14,000 ft., from Garwhal, Munro; to Kunawur, Jacquemont, &c. aes . : Stem 8-12 in., rather stout, leafless. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., orbicular, pinne long- 124 IX, FUMARIACEZ. [ Corydalis. petioles, segments linear and entire, or broad and cut into narrow lobes; petiole equal- ing the stem. Flowers 1 in. long, pale yellow, tip purple; raceme 1-3 in. long ; bracts 1-2 in. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, half as long as the slender spur. Capsiiles small, oblong, pedicel recurved. 9. CG. Falconeri, H. f. & T.; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnate cauline 2 opposite, racemes terminal many-flowered lax or dense, bracts linear- lanceolate entire or cut, lowest 3-fid or pinnatifid exceeding the pedicels. Western Tizer; at Deotsu, Falconer. hordes Rootstock woody, base covered with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 6-15 in., simple. Radical leaves few, long-petioled ; pinnz 1-2 pair, shortly-petioled; pinnules 3-partite; segments narrow, 3-nerved; cauline leaves above the middle of the stem, sessile or petioled, 2-pinnate, lanceolate, 3-nerved. Flowers 4-4 in. long, yellow ?, with purple tips; racemes 1-2 in. Posticous petal vaulted, acute, back winged, equalling the cylindric slightly hooked spur. Capsule 4 in., oblong, much longer than the persistent style ; pedicel deflexed. Seeds black, shiny. ‘ 10. G elegans, Wail. Cat. 1435; erect or decumbent, radical leaves pinnate cauline low down on the stem, racemes terminal, 6-14-flowered, bracts large cuneate-oblong acuminate equalling or exceeding the pedicels, flowers very broad. H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 265, Western Himaraya, alt. 13-14,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Blinkworth, to Deotsu, Falconer. ; Rootstock stout, woody. Stem 6-12 in., simple, base clothed with withered sheaths. Radical leaves 3-4 in., petiole as long ; pinne 2-5 pair, 1 in. long, subsessile, orbicular, base cuneate, deeply 5-7-lobed, segments obtuse or mucronate. Flowers 1 in. long (yellow with purple tips?). Posticous petals very convex, broadly ovate, subacute, back wing very broad, equalling the wide conical very obtuse spur. Capsules small, oblong; pedicels spreading or deflexed.A rare and imperfectly known plant ; its flowers aré very broad. ll. G. Govaniana, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nip. 55; Cat. 1431; stem stout, radical leaves many oblong 2-pinnatisect cauline 1-2 or 0, racemes terminal dense many-flowered, bracts broadly cuneate exceeding the pedicels cut above the middle. oyle Jil. t. 16,f.2; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 261. Western Huraxayva, alt. 8-12,000 ft.; from Kumaon, Govan, to Kashmir, 7. 7. Rootstock woody, often branched, crowned with withered leaf-sheaths. Stem 1-2 ft, as thick as the thumb, almost naked or with 1-2 leaves near the top. Radical leaves nearly equalling the stem, long-petioled, -pinnules cuneate-lanceolate, cut into linear segments, 2 near the base. Flowers 1 in. long, bright yellow ; racemes 2-4 in. Posti- cous petal very convex, back wing very broad, limb shorter than the curved slender spur. Capsule 4-§ in.; style persistent, half its length. 12, G, tibetica, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 265; small, decumbent, glabrous or subpiluse, glaucous, radical leaves many pinnatisect, cauline 1 or 0, racemes terminal short 4—-12-flowered, bracts lanceolate and entire or ovate- oblong and cut. Wesrern Tier; alt. 14-17,000 ft., from Gugi, Strach. & Wint., to Balti, T. T. Rootstock prostrate, densely crowned with withered sheaths. Stem 2-6 in., weak, tufted, decumbent, rarely forked with a leaf at the fork. Radical leaves 3-4 in., oblong; pinne 4-4 in., orbicular or oval, cut tothe base. Flowers 2 in., pale yellow, tips brown or green. Posticous petal winged at the back, equalling the straight spur. Capsule 4 in., narrow oblong, about equalling the persistent style; pedicel deflexed. Seeds few, smooth,—Perhaps an alpine state of C. Moorcroftiana. Corydalis.) IX. FUMARIACER, 195 *** Root fusiform. Stem branched (simple in 13, Mooreroftiana and 14 Gorischakovit). Racemes often divided. Spur equalling or ante the petals. (See also 24, crassifolia.) 13, G. Moorcroftiana, Wall. Cat. 1432; stout, erect, glaucous, more or less glandular, leavés 2-3-pinnatisect, racemes many-flowered simple or branched, bracts linear or lanceolate entire or lobed. Hf. & T. Pl. Ind. 266, Wesrern Tiset; alt. 10-17,000 ft., from Gugi, Strack. & Wint., to Balti, 2oor- eroft.— Distr, Affehanistan. . Rootstock stout, woody, densely clothed with withered sheaths. Stem 6-18 in., naked or leafy, simple or divided. Leaves 3-8 in., oblong, pinnne ovate or orbicular, variously cut and lobed. lowers 2in. long, yellow, tips purple. Posticous petal obtuse, back broadly keeled, equabling the straight obtuse spur. Capsule iin., narrow elliptic, acute at both ends; style persistent, half as long. Seeds black, shining. 14. G. Gortschakovii, Schrenk. Enum. Plant. Soongar. 100 3 stem erect quite glabrous leafy, radical leaves decompound glaucous, pinnules petioled, racemes dense many-flowered-terminal and axillary, bracts leafy incised. Leded. Fl. Alt.i. 746; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 267. Tiseran Himataya, from Gugi, Sérach. & Wint., to Kashmir, 7. T., and Hasora, Jacquemont, &c.—Disrris. Soongaria. ootstock woody. Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched. Radical leaves 6-12 in., leaves long-petioled, ovate, pinne and pinnules pétioled, segments incised. Flowers 2-1 in. long, yellow, tips purple. Posticous petal equalling the straight obtuse spur, dorsal wing broad or narrow. Capsule and seeds of C. Moorcroftiana.—We have fragments of a plant from Tibet, N. of Nipal, apparently intermediate between this and the last species. The Soongarian specimens of this have simple stems and larger flowers than the Himalayan. 15. ©. ramosa, Wail. Cat. 1434; stem procumbent weak branched, leaves decompound segments linear, racemes terminal many lax “many- flowered, bracts cut into linear lobes. A. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 267. _ Avprse Himaxaya, alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkim, &. f, to Kashmir, 7. 7. Glaucous. Stem 1-2 ft. (dwarf at high elevations), often leafy, flexuous. Radical leaves few or many, long-petioled, 2-3 times divided, ultimate segments small narrow- oblong or linear. lowers 4 in. long, yellow; racemes 1-5 in. Posticous petal dorsally winged, hooded, equalling or shorter than the obtuse spur. Capsules obovate-oblong, obtuse ; style persistent, pedicels deflexed. Seeds shining. ; . Var. 1. glauca; leaves very glaucous, segments very narrow, wing of posticous petal broad subentire. : Vaz. 2. vaginans; leaves membranous less glaucous, segments broader, wing of posticous petal lacerate. ; . 3 . Var. 8. nana; dwarf, alpine, leaves subsessile, wing of posticous petal very narrow. " 16. ©. sibirica, Pers. Synops. ii. 70 ; subglaucous, branched, prostrate, leaves 2-3-pinnate, segments 3-5 broad-ovate deeply cut, racemes lax few- flowered terminating long slender branches, bracts small cut into narrow lobes, spur recurved, seeds shining. H.f. & 1. Fl. Ind. 268. C. Impatiens, Fisch. in DC. Prodr. i. 128. C. longipes, DC.; Wail. Cat, 1433; Tent, Fl. Nip. t. 42 (bad, not of Don Prodr.), C. filiformis, Royle Ill. 65. Himarayva, alt. 7-14,000 ft., from Sikkim to Garwhal; Kaasia nits, alt. 6000 ft.— Distzis. Eastern Siberia. ‘Bers 2th. weak, much branched, leafy. Zeaves membranous. Flowers yellow, Lin. long. Posticous petal hooded, acute, equalling or exceeding the very broad conic 126 IX. FUMARIACES. [ Corydalis, obtuse spur. Capsule }-4 in., linear, or linear obovate, style very short.—Very variable, and possibly a form of C. ramosa. Wallich’s figure of C. wengipes is unlike his specimen or those of any other plant, and is probably made up of several allied species. 17. GC. cornuta, Royle il, 69; glaucous, decumbent, branched, leaves 2-3-pinnate, pinne cuneate-obovate or oblong, racemes terminal many- flowered dense elongate, bracts small entire or_cut, spur straight or tip hooked, seeds opaque. H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 269. C. debilis, Hdgew. in Trans, Linn, Soc. xx. 30. . 4 Temperate Hicataya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., from Kumaon, Strach. & Wint., to Kashwir, Habit of C. ramosa and sibirica. Leaves long-petioled, ultimate segments 3~5-fid, lobes rounded. Flowers 4-% in., yellow, tips purple; racemes 1-3 in. Posticous petal convex, acute, dorsally winged, shorter than the cylindric spur. Capsules variable, linear-oboyate or obovate-oblong; style short, persistent ; pedicels short deflexed. 18, G. cherophylla, DC. Prodr.i. 128; stem erect leafy branched, leaves deltoid decompound, racemes terminal panicled, lower bracts leafy, spur slender. Wall. Cut. 1428; Tent. Fl. Nip. t. 40 (spur too short); Don Prodr. 198; H.f. & T. Fl. Ind. 269. C. geraniifolia, H. f. & T. Fl. Ind. 269. Temperate Himavaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; from Sikkim to Kumaon. Stem 2-4 ft., branched above. Leaves pale beneath; lower and radical 6-10 in., long-petioled, upper subsessile, lower pinne petioled, second and third decurrent, ulti- mate segments oblong, acute or acuminate. lowers 2 in., golden-yellow, slender; bracts oval or oblong, cut, upper entire. Posticous petal concave, acute, dorsal wing narrow, shorter than the spur. Capsules } in., broad-linear or linear-obovate, spreading; pedicels short. Seeds few, shining.—C. geraniifolia is a large lax leafy state, with much-cut bracts and more acute segments, found in humid districts of Sikkim. **** Root fusiform. Stem simple or branched. Spur short saccate (ex- cept 24, crassifolva). + Leaves 2-3-pinnatisect or decompound. 19. C. latifiora, H. f. & 7. Fl. Ind, 370; dwarf, glaucous, stem simple, iperes 2-3-pinnate cauline 2 opposite, flowers 3-6 subumbellate, bracts near, + Aurive Himataya; Tunkra pass in Sikkim, alt. 15,000 ft., H. f. Rootstock slender, 6-12 in., with many membranous oblong mucronate scales 4-1 in. long. Stem or scape 2-4in. Leaves many, 1-2 in., ovate or ovate-deltvid, long- petioled; pinne petioled, alternate, small, linear-oblong, acute. Flowers Zin. long, very broad, pale blue, tips yellow; bracts 3-lin., equalling the pedicels. Posticous petal broadly winged, much larger than the obtuse spur. 20. C. stricta, Stephan ; stout erect, simple or branched, leaves thick, 2-pinnate sheaths rigid, cauline similar, alternate, racemes short simple or branched, bracts small subulate, capsules linear pendulous. Led. Fl. Alt. iit. 244; Jc. FU. Ross. t. 56. C. astragalina, H.f. & 7. Fl. Ind. 270. ene Tier, alt. 14-16,000ft. in Nari, Jacquemont, and Ladak, 7. T-—Disram.. tai Mts. Rootstock crowned with rigid shining leaf-bases. Stem 1-2 ft. Leaves many, 3-6 in., petioles long, oval or oblong, glaucous, pinnules cut into linear-oblong lobes. Flowers 3-$ in., yellow; pedicels short, slender, pendulous ; bracts white, membranous. Sepals lanceolate from a broad ovate obliquely cordate fimbriate base. Posticous petal nearly flat, abruptly acuminate, margins membranous, tip recurved. Capsules 1-14 in.; style short, rigid. Seeds large shining. 2 21, ©. meifolia, Wall. Tent. Flor. Nip. 52, t. 41; Cat. 1427; stem stout erect leafy, leaves decompound segments linear or capillary, racemes Corydalis. IX, FUMARIACEA, 197 t many-flowered dense, lower bracts leafy pectinate, capsules oblong. D(. eee ae 3 Af. & 7. Fl. Ind, 971. of Hoffmeister: Klotasch in Pe, Wald, cise, t. 35. Himaraya, alt. 12-15,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kunawur. Rootstock stout, branched. Stems 6-18 in., simple or branched. Leaves very many, 4-8 in. oblong, segments crowded acuminate. Peiions 3-$ in., yellow, tips purple; racemes 1-2 in.; lower pedicels ‘often elongate. Posticous petal obtuse, dorsal wing Seale twice as long as the obtuse spur. Capsules 3 in., pedicel curved. Seeds 4-6 shining. tt Leaves simply pinnate or trisect. 22. ©. flabellata, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc, xx. 30; glaucous, stem erect rigid much-branched, leaves pinnate, pinne 4-6 pair flabelliform, racemes strict panicled dense-flowered, bracts very small, capsules linear. Af. & T. Fl. Ind. 271. » West Trser and Tiseran Hutarava, alt. 9-12,000 ft., from Kumaon, Edgeworth, to Gilgit, Winterbottom. , Stem 2-8 ft., striate. Leaves 6-8 in.; pinne distant, 4~14 in, diam., crenate or lobed. lowers 4-3 in., yellow, curved, racemes 2-6 in. long; pedicels very short. Posticous petal obtuse, cucullate, twice as long as the decurved inflated spur. Capsule 4-1 in., spreading or deflexed ; style slender. Seeds 8-10, dotted, shining. * 23, ©. adiantifolia, 1. /. dé 7. Fl. Ind. 271; glaucous, stems many- branched, leaves pinnate, pinnz 2-5 pair orbicular or reniform, racemes terminal dense many-flowered, bracts subulate exceeding the buds, cap- sules linear. Westzrn Tiset; Zanskar (not Kishtwar as in Fl. Ind.), alt. 12-14,000 f., 7. 7 Rootstock stout, woody, crowned with withered sheaths. Stems 6-18 in., branched from the base. Leaves 3-6 in., linear-oblong; pinne remote, 3-3 in. diam., entire cre- nate or 3-5-lobed, base cuneate or cordate. lowers 3-lin., yellow, tips brown; racemes 1-3 in. ; pedicels very short. Sepals membranous, long-subulate, base lacerate. Posticous petal nearly straight, slender, abruptly acuminate, much longer than the in- flated obtuse incurved spur. Capsule 1 in., acuminate at both ends; style straight.— Le near C. flabellata, but smaller, pinuz often cordate, and bracts setaceous like soft airs. 24. G. crassifolia, Royle Ill. 69; glaucous, stem simple, leaves thick reniform 3-5-lobed or -partite, racemes terminal dense-flowered simple or branched, bracts leafy obovate-lanceolate or spathulate entire, capsules subglobose inflated. A. f. & 7. Fl. Ind. £61. C. crassissima, Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 12, t. 11; Thoms, in Hook, Kew Journ, Bot.v. 17, and iv. t. 9. C. fie cs Cambess, I.c. t. 12. West Tiner and Tiseran Himaxara, alt. 14-17,000 ft., from Kunawur to Balti. Rootstock prostrate, woody. Stem 3-8 in. Radical leaves few, 2-5 in. diam.,’ early withering, almost fleshy, long-petioled; lobes crenate or again lobed, with petioled lobulate or palmati-partite (rarely pinnate) segments; cauline 1-3, subsessile. lowers $-1} in., white or yellowish, variegated with purple, racemes 1-3 in. long. Posticous petal broad, obtuse, wingless, equalling the cylindric incurved spur. Capsule 1 in. diam. ; style short, persistent. 4, FUMARIA, Linn. Annual, rarely perennial herbs, usually branched, often scandent. Leaves much divided, segments very narrow. lowers small, white, rose-coloured or purplish, in terminal or leaf-opposed racemes, Sepals, petals and stamens of Corydalis, Ovary 1-celled.; style filiform, stigma-entire or shortly lobed; 128 IX. FUMARIACEE, [ Fumaria, ovules 2, on 2 placentas. Fruit indehiscent, globose, 1-seeded.—Distrr, ae about 8; usually agrarian weeds of the temperate regions of the d World. 1. F. parviflora, Lamk. sub-sp. VarLLantu, Loisel (sp.) ; diffuse, leaf segments flat, racemes lax-flowered, sepals lanceolate much smaller than the corolla-tube, pedicels exceeding the bracts, fruit globose rugose when dry rounded at the.top with 2 pits. Inpogangeric plain, Lower Himataya and Nivautrr Mrs. a weed of cultivation.—~ Disrris. : of the genus. 2 Pale green, much branched. ZRacemes 1-2 in. Flowers 3-4 in., whitish or rose- coloured, tips purple. Oxper X. CRUCIFERAE. (By Hooker f. & T. Anderson.) Herbs, rarely undershrubs; juice watery, often pungent. Leaves cauline and radical, the latter in a rosette, cauline alternate, exstipulate. lowers racemed, rarely solitary on scapes, or axillary. Sepads 4, free, 2 lateral (op- posite the placentas) often large and saccate at the base, imbricate. Petals 4, free, hypogynous, placed crosswise, imbricate. Stamens 6 (rarely 1, 2, or many) ; 2 outer opposite the lateral sepals ; 4 inner longer, in opposite pairs, Disk with usually 4 glands opposite the sepals. Ovary 2-celled by a pla- cental membrane, or 1-celled, or with superimposed cellules ; style short or 0; stigma simple or with 2 lobes opposite the placentas; ovules 1-2 or o, 2-seriate on two parietal placentas, rarely solitary and erect. Fruit either a 2-celled 2-valved pod, the valves deciduous and leaving the seeds on the persistent placentas (replwm), or indehiscent, or transversely jointed. Seeds small, albumen 0 ; cotyledons large, plano-convex or longitudinally concave or folded, foliaceous in germination; radicle turned up on the back of one cotyledon (incumbent), or facing the edges of both (accumbent).—Dtstrip. Genera 172; species about 1200; natives chiefly of temperate regions of the Old World. Series A. Pods long or short, dehiscing throughout their length, terete, 4-angled or compressed dorsally (parallel to the septum), Tree I. Arabidese. Pods narrow, long. Seeds usually 1-seriate. Cotyledons accumbent, (Pods sometimes short in 2, Parrya, 5, Nasturtium and 10, Notoceras; seeds 2-seriate in Arabis glabra, and in some species of 2, Parry.) * Sepals narrow, erect. Valves without horns or appendages. Stigmas erect, connate or decurrent on the style (2-lobed in some species of 2, Parrya). Erect branched hoary herbs... . .. 2M Low alpine tufted scapigerous herbs. . . 2... 1 1. Pause ** Sepals broad or narrow. Stigma undivided or shortly 2-lobed. (See also 2, Parrya.) Sepals erect, lateral saccate—~Hoary leafy erect herbs. . . . 3. CHEIRANTHUS, Anthers of long stamens l-celled—A minute herb . . . . . 4, ATELANTHERA, Sepals spreading, not saccate; pods tumid, seeds minute 2. seriate. Flowers usually yellow . . . 5. Nasturniom. Sepals not saccate; pods 4-angled; seeds 1-seriate. | Flowers yellow. 2. 2 6 ee ee ee ewe www 66 Barparea, ; X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 129 Sepals erect, not saccate; pods flat, hia nerved; seeds flattened. Flowers white or rose. . 7 ARABI, Sepals not saccate; pods of Arabis but hardly nerved, usually acute; stamens simple. —Flowers white or purple. . 8. CarpsMINE. Sepals spreading, not saccate; long stamens bent above the middle.—A minute herb ; flowers few, purple. . . . . .?9. Loxosremon. *** Valves with horns or appendages. Pods short, valves septate within . Tripe II. Alyssinez. Pods short, broad. Seeds usually 2-seriate. Cotyledons accumbent. (Pod sometimes long and seeds 1-seriate in 11, Far- setia, and cotyledons rarely incumbent in 13, Draba. See also 2, Parrya.) se ee we eo we «10. Noroczras. * Pods 2-celled, many-seeded ; seeds a re often winged. Pods sessile; seeds l-seriate. . . . . . . . . 11. Farserta. ** Pods 1-2-celled, 2- many-seeded ; valves es tumid ; seeds 2- seriate, rarely winged. (Sepals never saccate ; flowers white or yellow. ) Stamens often appendaged; pods naiilg orbicular and 4-seeded. —Hoaryherbs, . 12. ALyssum. Stamens not appendaged ; ‘pods longer ‘than broad, a, many-seeded. Petals entire—Hoary herbs . . . . . « . 13. Drapa. Characters of Draba but petals 2-fid . . . . . . . . . 14, Eropurua. Sepals short, spreading.—Glabrous herbs. . . . . . . . 15. Cocuizansa. Trizz IIL Sisymbriezx. Pods usually sessile, long, narrow. Seeds usually 1-seriate (2 seriate in 19, Hutrema) ; cotyledons straight, flat, in- cumbent. * Stigmatic-lobes erect, free, or connate in a cone. Pod rigid, terete. Flowers white or purple. . . . . » . 16. Maxzcommra. ** Stigma capitate emarginate or shortly 2-lobed. Stamens with a broad basal scale . . 17. LeriposTEMon. Sepals erect or spreading ; pod many-seeded, “valves 1-3-nerved; seeds usually 1-seriate. - Hairs simple or 0. 18. SisymBRIUM. Sepals short, erect; pods terete, valves 1-ribbed ; seeds usually 2-seriate.—Glabrous herbs. . 19. Hurrema. Sepals long; pods compressed. —Leaves quite ‘entire glabrous glaucous . . . » 20. Conrinaza. Sepals erect ; valves keeled. _Hairs appeal forked . . . . 21, Erysimum. Se . A fleshy herb. . ee ee eee ew ee ew 22, CuisroLEa. Tprsz IV. Camelines. Pods short or long. Seeds usually 2-seriate ; cotyledons flat, incumbent. (See also 13, Draba.) Seeds few, large.—Tufted scapigerous herbs. . . . . . . 23. Brava. Tre V. Brassicese. Pods short or long; cotyledons longitudinally folded or deeply grooved. ; * Stigma capitate, truncate or 2-lobed. Pods long; seeds 1-seriate . oe ee ww ws 24, Brassica. Pods long, compressed ; seeds Qseriate. . . . ss. . 25, Dirnoraxis, Pods short, turgid, beaked ; seeds 2-seriate. . . . . . . 26, Eruca. VOL. L K 1380 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) ** Stigmas connate, forming an erect cone. Pods long.—A glaucous large herb or undershrub . . . 27, Mortcanpia. Series B. _ Pods short, dehiscing throughout their length, compressed laterally (at right angles to the septum). (Pod indehiscent in 31, Megacarpea.) Tree VI. Lepidinese. . Cotyledons incumbent, straight curved or lon- gitudinally folded. Pods many-seeded; valves not winged . . . - - + - «+ 28, Carsetna. - Pods'few-seeded; valves winged ornot . . . . + + + ~ 29. Lepipium, Pods 2-seeded; valves with 2 dorsal crests . . . . + + - 30. Ditornu. Trige VIL Thiaspidese. Cotyledons accumbent, straight. Pods indehiscent, 2-seeded.—Tall herbs of umbelliferous habit . 31. Mzcacarraa, Pods compressed notched; valves winged or keeled . . . . 32. THuaspi. Pods elliptic or oblong, acute; valves keeled . . . . . . 33. IseRIDELLA. 4 Series C. Pods short, indehiscent, not jointed, usually hard, either 1-celled and 1-seeded, or with 2-4 1-seeded cellules in parallel series. TRIBE VIII. Isatideee. Characters of the series. Pods 3-celled, oblong or linear, wing thick—Glaucous herbs. 34. Isatts. Pods 1-celled, cymbiform, wing incurved—Glaucous herbs ._ . 35. TauscHERia, Pods 1-celled, small oblong, with a thin wing—A glandular twiggy undershrub . . woe oe ee ee ee.) 6. 86. Drererverum. Pods 1-celled, wingless, globose with a subulate style —A hair Herby. gos aa et ce a Ba eh Ae Oe . . 87. Nesta. Pods 2-celled, obliquely beaked . . . . ~ . « - + ~ . 88, Evcupiom. Series D. e Pods long or short, transversely jointed ; joints indehiscent, or the lower 2-valved or reduced to a pedicel for the upper. Trisz IX. Cakilinese. Characters of the series. : Lower joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper globose 1-seeded . 39. Crampe. Lower joint of pods a seedless pedicel, upper 2-celled, 2-seeded 40. PaysornyNcuus. Series E. Pods long, not jointed, indehiscent, either 1-celled and many-seeded, or breaking up into many |-celled 1-seeded indehiscent fragments. TripzE X. Raphanee. - Characters of the series. Pods long, terete, hollow or septate ; seeds globose, 2-3-celled . 41. RAPHANUS. Pods short, curved, 4-angled, 2-3-celled, moniliform . . . . 42, Go~psBacula. Pods short, curved, many-celled. . . . . . . . . . . 48, CHorispora. 1. MATTHIOLA, Er. Annuals, or small undershrubs with hoary and sometimes stellate pubes- cence. Leaves entire or sinuate. Flowers rather large, purple; bracts 0. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals spreading, claws long. Pod Matthiola.| xX. cruciFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 131 long, narrow, cylindric or flattened; septum thick; stigma small, erect, lobes parallel, thickened or with short horns at the base, Seeds 1-seriate, flattened, with a narrow membranous wing.—Disrris, About 30 species ; ues of the Mediterranean region, Arabia and Western and Central a. : is incana, the common Stock, and MU. tristis are cultivated in the gardens of N. ndia. 1. M. odoratissima, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 120; leaves petioled lower obovate upper lanceolate sinuate or pinnatisect rarely entire. DC. Prodr. i. 134 ; Bot. Mag.1711; Boiss, Fl. Orient, i. 149 ; Griff. It. Notes, 282, n. 767; A. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soe. v. 134. Wesr Tiser in dry stony places, ascending to 12,000 ft.—Disrri. Westward to Asia Minor and the Caucasus. A perennial, 1-2 ft.; hoary with stellate pubescence; root woody. Racemes long, erect; flowers few, large, purple, fragrant. Petals 3-1 in.; limb linear-oblong or strap- shaped, waved or twisted. Pods 4 in., erect, rigid, flattened. Seeds as broad as the septum, ; 2, PARRYA, Pr. Small tufted herbs$ rootstock thick, perennial, many-headed. Leaves linear or spathulate, entire sinuate or pinnatifid. lowers large, white or purple, racemed or on scapes. Sepals erect lateral sometimes saccate at the base. Pod much flattened, short and broad or elongated and narrow; valves smooth, with a midrib ; septum entire or divided, membranous or hyaline; style short ; stigma-lobes erect, decumbent. Seeds 1-2-seriate, much flattened, with a membranous wing or wingless—Distris. Species about 10, arctic or high alpine. 1, P. exscapa, Mey. in’ Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 38 ; leaves spathulate obtuse entire or slightly toothed, scapes 1-flowered, seeds winged. Led. Ic. Fl. Alt. t. 86; H.f. & FT. in Journ. Linn, Soe. v. 135. West Tier, alt. 15-18,000 ft—Dusrri, Altai Mts. Stemless, glabrous or puberulous. lowers purple, scapes shorter than the leaves. Pods 3-3 in. long, narrow, drooping. Stigma sessile. Seeds 1-2-seriate ; wing broad, . ‘membranous. 29. P. macrocarpa, Br. in Parry's Voy. app. 270; leaves entire or sinuate-toothed, flowers corymbose, scapes much exceeding the leaves, pods linear, seeds winged. Led. Fl. Ross. i, 181 ; Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. 1, t. 15; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 135. Neurotoma nudicaule and scapi- gerum, DC. Prodr. i. 156. Alpine regions of Wzsr Trser, alt. 15-18,000 ft.—Disrrin. Affghanistan, Altai, arctic Europe, Asia and America. ; : Slightly rough, very rarely glabrous. Leaves tufted, thick, petioled, lanceolate. Flowers large ; scapes 6-12 in., rigid, many-flowered. Pods erect, linear, acute ; valves strongly veined, rough. Seeds 1-seriate, much flattened. 3. P. platyearpa, H./. & 7. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 136 ; leaves spathu- late or obovate quite entire, scapes short few-flowered, pods ovate, seeds not winged. Easrern Hrwataya, ia the Tibetan region of Srsxim, alt. 16-17,000ft., Hf. “Rootstock covered with spongy old petioles. Leaves leathery, glabrous — hairy 132 X. CRUCIFERZ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Parrya. margins ; petiole long, base sheathing. Scapes pilose, thick, sometimes bearing 1 or 2 small leaves. Pods 3-1} in., tapering into the short thick style ; valves thin, convex, not veined, midrib distinct. Seeds few. 4, P. lanuginosa, H./. & 7. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 136 ; leaves spathu- late coarsely toothed, scapes woolly 8-12-flowered, pods ovate-lanceolate, seeds not winged Wesr Tizer; in Gugi, alt. 17,500 ft., Strach. & Winterb. Small, densely woolly. Scapes erect, 2 in.; flowers small, racemose. Sepals spread- ing, woolly. Petals broadly spathulate, undulate or crisped. Pods acute, about 3 in., outline waving ; septum very narrow, sometimes 0. 3, CHEIRANTHUS, Linn. Hoary herbs, or undershrubs, with appressed bipartite hairs, Leaves oblong-linear, entire or toothed. Flowers large, yellow or purple, racemed. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals clawed. Pod 4-angled, compressed ; valves 1-nerved ; septum membranous ; stigmatic-lobes short, spreading. Seeds 1-seriate, flattened, without a border ; cotyledons accum- bent, very rarely incumbent.—Distriz. Species about 12, natives of temp. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia, and arctic America. The Wall-flower, C. Cheiri, is cultivated in gardens in N. India, but is not indigenous. 1. ©. parrycides, Kurz. mss. (name only) ; hoary, leaves linear-oblong entire all radical, flowers purple, style 3 in. i Wesr Tizer ; in Spiti, Stoliczka. Rootstock covered with withered petioles. Leaves all radical, 2-3 in., rounded at the tip, clothed with fine dense tomentum. Scapes about 9 in., many-flowered, elon- gating during flowering. Pedicels 3-1 in., erect, tomentose. Sepals ¢ in., hairy, purple, with a glabrous narrow membranous fringe. Petals 3 in., claw and base of the blade dark purple. Pods (immature) curved and undulate, densely tomentose ; style z¥ in., glabrous. 2, ©. himalayensis, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 14, t. 13; leaves linear- spathulate entire lobed or rarely subpinnatitid, flowers violet or purplish, pods hairy, stigma sessile. C. himalaicus, H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 137. West Tiser ; amongst rocks and loose stones, alt. 15-17,000 ft. Rootstock much divided. Stems 2-6 in., numerous, leafy, tomentose. Leaves some- what tufted. Flowers numerous, in rather dense terminal racemose heads, fragrant. Sepals short, lanceolate, obtuse, lateral scarcely saccate at the base. Petals twice the length of the sepals, broadly spathuiate retuse. Pods 3-14 in., linear, compressed; valves with thickened margins. Seeds numerous, sub-2-seriate. 3. GC. Stewartii, 7. Anders.; leaves spathulate toothed at the tip, flowers buff then purple, pods glabrous, stigma sessile. West Tiset, near Ladak, at 15-16,500 ft. elevation, Stewart. Like the preceding but differing in its glabrous pods and less divided leaves. Stems numerous, slender, erect in flower, depressed and spreading in fruit. Lower leaves 4-1 in., subcoriaceous, woolly ; upper smaller, linear, entire. Racemes terminal, sub- capitate, fruiting 3 in. Sepals oblong, 7; in. Petals 4 in., broadly spathulate. Pods 1-1} by %in., erect, secund, linear, tapering at both ends ; valves flat, herbaceous ; stigma broad; midrib and reticulated veins distinct. Seeds small, ovate-oblong, sub- 2-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent. Cheiranthus.] x. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 133 4, ©. albiflorus, 7. Anders. ; leaves subspathulate or linear-lanceolate entire or sublobed, petals white, pods tomentose, style short. Cheiranthi sp, H. f. &T. in Journ, Linn. Soo, v. 138, in note. Zanskar in Wust Tree, alt. 12-16,000 ft., T. T. A small, hoary, minutely tomentose, tufted perennial. Stems slender, covered below by withered petioles. Lower leaves loosely tufted; upper linear-lanceolate, entire, rarely toothed. lowers in short, close racemes. Sepals linear, tomentose; border narrow, glabrous, membranous. Petals spathulate, obtuse or slightly retuse, white. Very young pods linear, densely tomentose, many-seeded ; style short, glabrous. 4. ATELANTHERA, H.f. & T. A minute slender annual, slightly rough with bipartite appressed hairs, Leaves few, linear, entire. lowers small, subsessile. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals narrowly spathulate, emarginate, Anthers of all the stamens with a short claw at the tip, of the long stamens l-celled. Pod linear, compressed ; septum membranous; style short; stigma 2-lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, flattened, without a border. 1. A. perpusilla, 7. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 138; pods few erect nearly 1 in. long, valves faintly nerved. “Zanskar in West Tree, 7. 7. 5. NASTURTIUM, Br. Terrestrial or aquatic, branched, glabrous or hairy herbs. eaves entire lobed or pinnatifid. Flowers small, yellow, rarely white, sometimes bracteate. Sepals short, spreading, equal at the base. Petals short, narrowed at the base, scarcely clawed, or 0.. Stamens 2, 4 or 6. Pod long or short, almost cylindric ; valves faintly 1-nerved ; septum thin, transparent ; style variable, short or long and slender, stigma entire or 2-lobed. Seeds small, turgid, 2-seriate or irregularly 1-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent.—DistRip. Species about 20, temp. and tropical. 1, N. officinale, Br. in Hort, Kew. ed. 2, iv. 110 ; aquatic, stem creeping and floating, leaves pinnate, leaflets sinuate-lobed, flowers white. Prodr. i. 137; Griff. Itin. Notes, 275, n. 660; H.f.& 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc, v. 139. (Watercress.) Ronitcunn, T. T.; Punsas, Stewart; also found near all the hill stations, but pro- ably introduced —Distris. Affghanistan ; temp. Europe and Asia. _ Stem much branched. Leaves pinnate, the upper with 3-7 pinnules and a terminal one, the lower cut into 38 repand segments. lowers small, in short racemes. Petals longer thanthe sepals. Pods 4-1 in., stalked, spreading or bent upwards. Seeds small, ‘2-seriate. i 2, N. palustre, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 191; suberect, radical leaves pinna- tifid, flowers ebracteate yellow, pods short thick. N. terrestre, Br. in Hort. . Kew, ed. 2, iv. 110; H.f. & T. Journ, Linn. Soc. v.158, N. heterophyllum, Don Prodr, Fl. Nep. 202. Abundant in the Temperate Himaaya, ascending to 10,000 ft. ; and in N.W. Inpra; ‘rare in Assam and Benegat.—Disrris. Many temperate regions. Stems weak, smooth, slightly hairy. Radical leaves numerous, petioled ; lobes broad, often sinuate-toothed, terminal larger, ovate-lanceolate, much toothed; cauline sub- ‘sessile; deeply toothed or pinnatifid. lowers small, in long lax racemes. Petals about ‘equalling the sepals. Pods $-} in., slightly curved when ripe, pedicels either horizontal or deflexed. Seeds crowded, 2-seriate. 134 %. CRUCIFERE. (Hook.f. & T. Anderson.) [Nasturtium 3. N. indicum, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 199; erect, radical leaves deeply pin- natifid, flowers bracteate or ebracteate yellow, pods long narrow. H./. & T. Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 138, N. madagascariense, W. & A. Prodr. 19; Wight Ill, t.13. N. heterophyllum, Blume Bijd. 50. Sinapis divaricata, Roxb. Fl, Ind. iii. 123. Common in damp places throughout India from Czyiow to Misuwa and Kasaui.— Distris. Malayan Archipelago; Philippines, China, Japan. . : A rough hairy or sometimes glabrous annual. tem 6-12 in., erect, striated, branching from near the base. ower leaves petioled, rarely entire, lobes generally toothed; upper lyrate, frequently with small auricles. Racemes long, many-fowered. Flowers small. "Petals equalling the sepals. Pods cylindric 4 in., epreading or ascending.. Seeds very numerous, small, rugose, 2-seriate—Some of the states of this variable plant closely resemble NV. palustre, but have longer and less turgid pods. Var. benghalense ; DC. Syst. ii. 198 (Sp.) ; flowers bracteate, bracts sessile leaf-like shorter than the pedicels linear-lanceolate variously toothed or entire. H. f.& T.in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 189.—Eastern Bengal, Sikkim, and the Hooghly; Assam and Silhet to Chittagong, Tenasserim.—(China.) 4, N. montanum, Wail. Cat. 4778 (partly) ; radical leaves sinuate-pin- natifid, flowers bracteate yellow, pods short turgid. A. f. & 7. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 139. Sinapis pusilla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 125. Subtropical Himalaya from Sixxim to the Punsaz, ascending to 7000 ft.; the Kaasia nivis and Brrua.—Distris. Java, China, Japan. An annual much resembling N. indicum, but less robust, with larger smoother less divided leaves. Pods 1-14 in., slender, not turgid. 6. BARBAREA, Br. Perennial or biennial branched leafy herbs with angled stems and lyrately pinnatifid leaves. Flowers yellow. Sepals suberect, subequal at the base, Petals with a broad claw. Pod long, linear, compressed, 4-angled, many- seeded ; valves hard, stout; usually strongly keeled. Seeds small, 1-seriate, ovoid, without a margin; cotyledons accumbent.—Distris. Species about 20, chiefly European. 1. B. vulgaris, Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 109; perennial, usually branched, pods strougly keeled. DC. Prodr. i. 140; A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 139. Temperate and subalpine Himanaya and W. Tiset; alt. 6-10,000 ft.—Duisrau. Europe, W. Asia, N. and S. Africa, Australia. Stiff, erect, smooth. Stems 9-18 in., furrowed, green, leafy. Lower leaves petioled, lyrate-pinnate, terminal lobe large, subrotund ; upper leaves sessile, obovate, entire sinuate or pinnatifid at the base, lowest lobes auricled stem-clasping. Pods 3-14 in, numerous in a crowded raceme, narrow-linear, rigid; pedicels erect or spreading; style about ;5 in., stout, straight. Var. 1. tawrica, DC. Syst. ii. 207 (Sp.); upper leaves ovate entire or toothed, pedicels of the ripe pods almost horizontal, pods erect stout rigid a little curved, style rather long and slender. Griff. Itin. Notes 306 n. 1047-1503. B. Iberica, DC. Le. 208; B. arcuata, Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 48; B. preecox, Fries. Nov. 206, in Herb. Kew. (not of others)—Kashmir and W. Tibet, alt. 6-10,000 ft. (Affghanistan, W. Asia, and throughout Europe.)—The fully ripe pods of Affgban specimens vary from $-14 in. Var. 2, sicula, Presl. delic. Prag. Sp.) less robust, lower leaves lyrate, terminal lobes ovate, lateral often wanting, upper leaves pinnate, segments linear, pedicels less spreading, pods straight narrow compressed subtorulose, style short almost as broad as the pod.—B. intermedia, Boreau Flor. Cent. France, ii. 40—W. Tibet and Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-17,000 ft. ; Nilghiri Mts. (Asia Minor, 8. Europe.) Barbarea.] X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 135 2. B. elata, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 140; biennial, simple, pods faintly 1-nerved. Inner ranges of Sixxm, alt, 11-13,000 ft., always near villages, H. f. Glabrous or sparsely hairy. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, generally simple, striated. Radical leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, terminal lobe oblong obtuse sinuate; cauline leaves auricled, obovate, entire sinuate-lobed or coarsely toothed. Racemes very long, few-flowered. Petals bright yellow. Pedicels erect, thick, shorter than the pod. Pods §-3 in., thick, turgid ; style short, distinct ; valves convex, midrib indistinct,, 7. ARABIS, Linn. Glabrous or pubescent annuals or perennials, sometimes with stellate pubescence. Hadical leaves spathulate, often rosulate; cauline sessile, entire or toothed. Flowers racemed, ebracteate, white rarely purple or rose-coloured. Sepals short, erect, lateral saccate. Petals entire, usually clawed. Pod long, slender, linear, compressed ; valves smooth, flat, keeled or ribbed ; septum linear, membranous ; stigma subsessile. Seeds ovoid or orbicular, compressed, margined or wingless, 1- or sub-2-seriate ; cotyledons accumbent,—Distris. Species about 130, abundant in N. Asia, Europe, and N. America, rare in the 8, hemisphere, ° * Cauline leaves many, auricle at the base, Flowers racemose. Pods glabrous. Seeds 2-seriate. 1, A. glabra, Craniz, Stirp. Austr. 36; stem 1-3 ft., radical leaves obovate-oblung hispid with stellate hairs, flowers small, pods erect crowded labrous. H.f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc.v. 140, A. perfoliata, Lam. ; Boiss. 2. Orient. i. 167. Turritis glabra, DC. Prodr.i. 142. Reich, Ic. Fl, Germ. t.44, f. 4346. T. rigida, Wall. Cat. 4783. Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasam, alt. 6-10,000 ft.—Disrrim. Temp. Europe, Asia, N. America; Alps of Australia. A stiff, erect, glancous annual or biennial. Stem generally simple, striated, gla- brous or slightly hairy at the base. Radical leaves spreading, soon withering, entire or Sinuate-toothed or pinnately lobed, rough on both surfaces; cauline oblong-lanceolate, entire, auricled, glabrous. lowers straw-coloured or white. Fruiting racemes much elongated. Pods 2-34 in., pedicelled, narrow, linear; valves flat, 1-nerved; septum crumpled. Seeds 2-seriate. ** Cauline leaves many, auricled at the base. Flowers racemose. Pods usually hairy. Seeds 1-seriate. 2. A. auriculata, Zam. Dict. i. 219; annual, stellately hairy, leaves sinuate-touthed, cauline with obtuse or apiculate basal lobes, flowers small, stigma sessile. Rich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 39, f. 4334; A. f. & T. Journ, Linn. Soc. v.141. A. Montbretiana and A. Aucheri, Boiss. J.c. 169, 170. In Kasumir, alt. 5-6000 ft., 7. 7.—Duisrars. Affghanistan, W. Asia, Mediter- ranean. : Stem 3-12 in., erect, simple or somewhat branched. Radical leaves spreading, petioled, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; cauline ovate-oblong, obtuse, toothed. Racemes elon- gate, lax. Flowers white. Pods 1-14 in., hairy ?, narrow, straight, slender; stigma. small ; pedicel 4 in., stout, erect or spreading. Seeds 1-seriate, very small. 3. A. alpina, Linn. ; annual, hoary with forked or stellate hairs, leaves coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal lobes, flowers large, ods erect or ascending. DC. Prodr.i. 142; H.f.& 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v, 141. i 136 X, CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T’. Anderson.) [Arabis. A. albida, Stev.; DC. lc. 142. A. pterosperma, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 33. ° _ Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Marnt, alt. 5-12,000 ft.—Disrris. Alpine and arctic Europe, Asia, N. America, Abyssinia. : . Stems simple, or slightly branched. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, seldom entire, radical spreading, petioled; cauline sessile. lowers 4 in. diam. white. Sepals glabrous. Petals spathulate, with long claws. Pods 14-2} in., nairow-linear, erect when young, often spreading when ripe ; pedicels slender, glabrous or hairy.—The Indian specimens differ from the more western in the glabrous sepals. 4, A. amplexicaulis, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 31; hispidly pilose, leaves coarsely toothed, cauline with obtuse basal auricles, pods orizontal or drooping, flowers large. H. f. & TJ. in Journ. Linn. Soe. v. 142. Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasumir, alt. 4500-9000 ft. A perennial resembling A. alpina, but larger, more robust, leaves broader, and hori- zontal on almost drooping pods. Stem 6-24 in., suberect, simple or slightly branched, hirsute, especially below. Radical leaves 14-4 in. long, obovate-oblong ; cauline sessile, Racemes long, lax, many-flowered. Flowers white. Pods linear, acute ; style slender elongated. Seeds larger than those of A. alpina, wingless. *** Cauline leaves many (few in A. taraxicifolia), not auricled at the base. Flowers racemed. Pods glabrous, Seeds 1-seriate. 5. A. tibetica, 7. f.é T. Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 143; perennial, stellately hairy, leaves lobed or toothed, flowers small, pods suberect. faleate. A. Thomsoni, H. /. lc. In Kasamir and Wusrern Tier, alt. 9-16,000 ft., T. T., &c. : Stems 4-8 in., numerous, suberect, branched, leafy. Radical leaves rosulate, petioled, obovate or spathulate, more or less hairy; upper cauline sessile, lanceolate or narrowly spathulate, coarsely toothed or entire. lowers numerous, white or pale pink. Sepals acute, sparsely stellately hairy. Petals twice as long as the sepals, spathulate claw short. Pods 14 in., narrow-linear, falcate, glabrous; valves veined ; midrib distinct. Seeds small, not margined —The fruiting specimens referred in Journ. Linn. Soc. to A. Thomsoni belong probably to a Sisymbrium. 6. A. glandulosa, Kar. & Kir. En. Pl. Soong. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mosc. xv. 147; annual, glandular, leaves {pinnatifid, flowers small, pods suberect obtuse. H. f. & L. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 143. Tibetan region of Srxxm, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H.f.; Wesrern Trser near Ladak, Stewart.—Drsrrre. Soongaria. Stem short, spreading, prostrate, leafy. Radical leaves }-1 in., petioled ; cauline 4-4 in., sessile, linear or entire. Petals % in., spathulate, claw short, pale rose or white. Pods 1 in., linear; style short tapering; pedicel short, thick, erect; valves ‘concave, veined, with a faint midrib. Seeds small, oblong, slightly flattened, not margined. 7. &. taraxacifolia, Anders. ; annual, hairy, stems spreading, radical leaves many long-petioled lyrate-pinnatifid or lobed, flowers few distant, pediceis slender, pods very narrow, style long acute, Pungas; in sandy places near Peshawur, Stewart. Stems 6-9 in., numerous, almost leafless, weak, glabrous above, subhispid near the base. Hadical leaves rough, hairy ; terminal lobe large, rounded, entire, rarely toothed ; lateral short, nalrow, entire obtuse; petiole 2-3 in.; cauline leaves few, sessile, oblong- lanceolate, entire or sinuate-toothed. Sepals pubescent or glabrous. Petals } in., narrow-oblong, pale rose or white ; pedicels slender, spreading or suberect, glabrous. Pods 14-24 in., suberect horizontal or decurved, linear, flattened, glabrous; pedicel 4-1 in. ; valves thin, veinless—Closely allied to A. L. di i of the leaves and length of the pod. a uit Arabis.| KX. CRUCIFEREZ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 187 **** Flowers in leafless scapes. 8. A. nuda, Belang. Voy. Ic. (without number or description); leaves all radical obovate-oblong entire or toothed, flowers small, pods erect glabrous. Boiss, in Ann. Se. Nat. Sér. 2, xvii. 54; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Sve. v. 142. Arabis scapigera, Boiss. Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, xvii. 54. Sisymbrium nudum, Boiss. F, Orient. i, 214. 7 oc alt. 5600-6000 ft., T. 7[—Disrew. Affehanistan to Asia Minor, and . Syria. A small annual, with slightly hairy leaves. Scapes several, 1-5 in., erect, rigid and an apreaeing many-flowered, glabrous or slightly hairy at the base. Flowers yellow. Sepals equal, obtuse, green, glabrous. Petals twice ‘as long as the sepals. Pods 1-1} in. on very short thick pedicels, straight or curved, linear, much flattened, obtuse ; valves with a distiuct midrib and prominent veins, Seeds not margined; cotyledons accumbent (hence an Arabis, but most closely allied to Sys. thalianum). 8. CARDAMINE, Linn. Annual or perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent, often flaccid herbs. Leaves entire lobed or pinnate. Flowers white, pale-purple or violet, very rarely yellow. Sepals equal at the base. Petals clawed. Pod narrow-linear, compressed, tapering at both ends ; valves with a distinct midrib, opening elastically ; septum membranous; stigmasimple or 2-lobed. Seeds flattened, without a border, 1-seriate; cotyledons accumbent.—DistRip. About 60 species, natives of the N. and 8. temperate regions. * Leaves not deeply lobed or pinnatisect. , 1. G. violacea, Wail. Cat. 4782; stem stout simple erect, leaves sessile i anaage lanceolate toothed, flowers large violet, style long. Hf. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 145. Temperate region, central Nreat, Wallich. Stem 2-5 ft. Leaves 3-5 in., tapering 1o the tip, auricles sagittate. Flowers racemed, 4-2 in. broad. Pods % in., on thickened pedicels, erect, tapering at both ends; style 3 in. 2, CG. circseoides, H.f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144; annual, almost: ‘glabrous, slender, leaves petioled cordate obtuse, flowers small white, style short, Moist woods in the interior of Srxxry, ait. 5-7000 ft., J. D. H. Stem 6-12 in., simple or slightly branched. Leaves thin, radical on much longer stalks than the cauline, sinuate-toothed, lower lobes rounded. acemes few-flowered.: Pods 1 in., on short pedicels, erect or spreading, narrow-linear ; stigma broad. ** Radical leaves trifoliolate. 3. C. africana, Linn. ; perennial, leaflets petioled crenate-serrate, flowers dull white, funicles not winged. H. f.& 1. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 144, C. -borbonica, Pers,; DC. l.c.; Thwaites Enum, 399; W.& A. Prodr. 20; Wight Ic t. 941. C. anteniquana, DC. lc. C. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4781. Mountain woods of the Western Peninsuta and Cryton.—Disrri. 8. temp. and tropical Africa ; Bourbon. roa Stem 6-24 in. decumbent or erect, sparsely hispid or glabrous. Leaves long- petioled ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, the lateral oblique at the base. Racemes few-flowered. Flowers small. Pods 14 in., erect or ascending, tapering at both ends; pedicels 3-9 in. 138 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Curdamine, 4. ©. trifoliolata, H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 145; succulent, - leaflets subsessile 3-lobed, flowers pale lilac, funicles not winged. Grif, It. Notes 121, No. 259. Mossy streams in the forests of Baoray, alt. 5500 ft., Griffith. H : A small fleshy annual; rootstock short, creeping; stems 4-5 in., simple erect. Radical leaves on long very slender petioles, leaflets small, rounded, sparsely hairy above, glabrous beneath, lobes obtusely pointed; cauline few, shortly petioled, some- times simple. Racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered. Sepals small, obovate, glabrous, margin membranous. Petals 3 in. long, obovate, scarcely clawed. *** Radical leaves (or all) pinnatisect. 5. C. subumbellata, Hook. mss. ; perennial, young parts with spread- ing hairs, leaflets petioled irregularly lobed and crenate, flowers small, yel- lowish-white, pods irregularly corymbose narrow lanceolate acute few- seeded. C. hirsuta var, subumbellata, Dalzell in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1852, 294. C. nilagirica, Schlecht. in Herb. Hohenack, No. 1493. Shaded woods in the Concan, Mauazar, and Ceyton. Slender, diffuse, very like C. hirsuta, var. sylvatica, but young parts laxly strigose with spreading hairs, inflorescence corymbose, flowers more yellow, and pods broader. Stem 3-10 in., branching from the roots. Leaflets 3-6 by $-14 in. Pods 3-1 in, aes solitary and axillary, 6-10-seeded. Seeds broad-oblong, remote; funicle ilated. : 6. G. hirsuta, Linn., var. sylvatica, Link. (sp.); annual, glabrous, leaf- lets petioled, petioles not auricled, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods racemed erect acute or obtuse. C. hirsuta, H.f. & ZT. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 146; Wall. Cat. 4780. C. debilis, Don Prodr. 201. é All cones regions of India; and a weed of the cold season in Bengal.—Drstris. eneral. Stem suberect or decumbent, 3-12 in. Leaflets orbicular-ovate, toothed, and angled ; of the upper leaves narrow. Petals narrow, erect, twice as long as the very small sepals. Pods 4-1 in.; style very short, except in var. oxycarpa. Var. oxycarpa (not C. orycarpa, Boiss.) ; diffusely branched, pods acuminate, style slender.—Hilly districts, common. 7. ©. impatiens, Linn. ; annual, erect, glabrous, leaflets shortly pe- tioled, petioles auricled, flowers small white, stamens 6, pods erect. A. f. T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146; Groff. It. Notes 218, n. ,99. C. pectinata, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 264. Temperate Himalaya from Simxrm to Kasumir, alt. 5-12,000 ft.—Disrriz. Affigha- nistan, temp. Europe and Asia. Stems stiff, 6-12 in. Leaves pinnate; leaflets small, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, obtusely 3-5-lobed; auricles of the stem-leaves sagittate. Petals linear, erect, very minute, white, often 0. Pods 1 in., erect, very slender, linear, acute; style subulate; valves smooth. 8. ©. pratensis, Linn. ; perennial, glabrous, leaflets in equidistant pairs angled shortly petioled, flowers large white or lilac, pods linear erect. Af. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 145. Hassora in Western Tiser, Winterbottom.—Distars. N. and W. Asia, Europe, Abyssinia, N. America. tem 1 ft.; rootstock sometimes bearing small fleshy tubers. Leaves piunate; leaf- lets of the radical leaves orbicular or ovate, terminal larger ; those of the cauline leaves Iinear-oblong, entire. Flowers corymbose when young. Petals spreading, three times as long as the sepals. Pods 1 in.; style short. - Cardamine.| X. CRUCIFERR. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 139 9. CG. Griffithii, HZ. /. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146; perennial, erect, leaflets sessile entire or sinuate, lowest pair at the base of the petiole, flowers large deep lilac. Griff. Itin. Notes, 188. n. 996. Wet places near Lamu in Buoran, Griffith. Rootstock creeping; stem 1 ft., angled and grooved. Leajlets in 3-6 pairs, ovate ep te rounded.—T he specimens have no flowers, but Griffith has recorded their size and colour. ’ 10. G. elegantula, H./. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 146; very small, annual, branched, leaflets linear-oblong in 5-7 remote pairs, flowers white or rose, pods filiform. Hutchinsia sp., Grif. It. Notes, 195, n. 1079. Wet rocks Chuka in Buoray, alt. 6500 ft., Griffith. , Pale green, tender. Stem 2-3 in., slender. Leaves glabrous, pinnate ; leaflets petio- lulate, small, fleshy, linear-oblong, sublobed angled or quite entire.. Racemes lengthened, 2—9-flowered. Petals white or rose, broadly clawed, thrice as’ long as the small glabrous sepals. Pods } in., narrow-linear, on very slender, filiform, spreading or drooping pedicels; style short, a little narrower than the pods. ll, ©. macrophylla, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 484; stout, erect, perennial, leaflets ovate or lanceolate crenate-lobed or pinnatifid, flowers iarge white or deep violet, pods with very thick margins. DC. Prodri.152; H.f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 145. ©. polyphylla, Don Prodr, Fl. Nep. 201. Dentaria dasyloba, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Mose. xxx. n. 103. j Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from Sucxim to Kasamir,—Disrris. N. Asia, apan. Leafy, glabrous or slightly pubescent ; rootstock creeping; stem simple, herbaceous, 1-24 ft., smooth, striated. Leaves all pinnate; leaflets 4-3 in., 3-5 pairs, acuminate or obtuse. Racemes erect, many-fowered. Pods 4-1} in., erect, tapering at both ends; valves smooth, flat; style 4 in., rigid. . Van, 1. dentaricfolia ; lateral leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate crenate or serrate obtuse, flowers large white or violet, pods 4-14 in.—C. macrophylla, Led. #l. Ross, i. 128.—From Kumaon to Kashmir. Var. 2. foliosa ; lateral leaflets narrow-lanceolate acuminate subpinnatifid, flowers white, pods 1-14 in. pale coloured.—C. foliosa, Wall. Cat. 4779.—Kumaon and Kashmir. The smallest state of the species. Var. 3. lobata; leaflets ovate-lanceolate irregularly and coarsely lobed or cut, lobes obtuse, flowers and pods as in var. foliosa, but the plant larger.—Kashmir, 6000 ft. ; Western Tibet, 13,000 ft. Var. 4. sikkimensis; tall and coarse, leaflets ovate-lanceolate obtusely serrate, flower large deep violet, pods large and broad 13-in. long pale brown.—Inner ranges of Sikkim, 7000-13,000 ft. (The Lepchas use the leaves and young stems of this variety as a pot-herb.) 19. LOXOSTEMON, H.f. & T. A diminutive tender annual, with a few petiolate, usually 3-foliolate, leaves. Flowers small, corymbose, lilac. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals broadly spathulate, clawed. Filaments of the long stamens thickened at the tip and recurved. Pod linear ; stigma sessile, 2-lobed. Closely allied to Cardamine, but in the absence’ of ripe fru i 8 place cannot be determined with certainty. 1. G. pulchellus, H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 14 Sixxim, in moist grassy places, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H. f. Stem slender, filfiorm, flexuous, glabrous, springing from a mass of toothed root- ‘bulbils. Leaves generally 3-foliolate, rarely in 2 pairs; leaflets subsessile, linear, entire, apiculate. Corymb 3-6-flowered. ‘ 140 X. CRUCIFERE, (Hook.f. & T. Anderson.) —[Wotoceras. 10. NOTOCERAS, Er. A small, stiff, depressed, branched, hoary herb, with bipartite adpressed subescence, Flowers-white, in leaf-opposed racemes, Sepals equal at the ase. Petals small, linear-oblong. Pods: rigid, almost indehiscent, linear- oblong, terete ; valves with a prominent keel prolonged at the tip into a horn; internally pitted opposite the seeds; style short; stigma capitate. Seeds l-seriate, small, compressed, wingless ; cotyledons accumbent. 1. N. Canariense, Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 117; Graf. Ttin. Not, 230, n. 225; H. f.& 7. Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 147. N. hispanicuin, DC.; Deless, Ic. Sel. ii. t. 17. : Fields and sandy places in the Ponsas, Vicary, &c.—Disrrip. Westward to the Canary Islands. . : Stems 6-8 in., spreading and branching from the base. Leaves Jinear-oblong, entire, Racemes short, many-flowered. Sepals covered with adpressed hairs. Pods } in., sub- sessile, erect, hoary. Seeds 4-8. ll. FARSETIA, Desv. ‘Hoary or tomentose much branched twiggy undershrubs or herbs. Leaves small, linear-oblong, entire. Flowers white pink or yellow, spiked or ra- cemed, Sepals erect, connivent, lateral saccate at the base, Petals with long claws, Pods sessile, linear or elliptic, much flattened ; valves convex, plane or with a midrib; septum membranous. Seeds 1-2-seriate, suborbicular, broadly winged ; cotyledons accumbent.—Distriz, About 20 species, na- -tives of S. Europe, W. Asia, and N. Africa. 1, EF. SJacquemontii, 7. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148; flowers large, buds elliptic, sepals acute, pods narrow linear. Grif. [tin. Notes, 218, n. 105. Sandy places in the Punsas and Sinpx.—Disrris. Affghanistan and Beluchistan. An erect, rather rigid, hoary perennial, covered with closely adpressed hairs attached at their middle. Stems 12-18 in., branches virgate. Leaves }—-1 in., linear-oblong or linear. Sepalsstrigose. Petals half as long again as the sepals. Pods 14-2 by 4-¢in., compressed ; valves flat, nerveless or faintly 1-nerved; stigma short, suberect. Seeds 2-seriate.—It is impossible to determine from Burman’s figure whether this is the Arabis heleophila, DC. 2, FE. Hamiltonii, Royle Ill. 71; flowers small, buds small subglobose, sepals obtuse. H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 148. F. linearis, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat, Sér. 2, xvii. 150; Hook, Ic. Pl. t. 808. Cheiranthus Farsetia, Wall. Cat. 4081. Arabis incanescens, Munro, Plants of Agra, 6. Upper Ganeetic pian and the Pusan, from Agra Westwards.—Distrie. Affgha- nistan, Arabia, Algeria. More rigid and woody than F. Jacquemontii, covered with denser and finer closely adpressed pubescence; branches long, erect, virgate. Leaves linear, very narrow. Flowers in long spicate racemes. Sepals strigose, margins scarions. Petals obovate, a little longer than the sepals, pink. Pod 4-1 in. by #y in., linear; valves almost nerveless; septum transparent; style slender. Seeds 1-seriate.—Closely allied to F. longisiliqua, Dene., of Egypt and Arabia, but has smaller flowers and shorter pods. F” linearis, Dene., is certainly identical with the Indian plant although the Algerian specimens have a slightly longer style, and a more 2-lobed stigma. : _, 3 BE. egyptiaca, Turr. diss. Fars. i. t.1, ex DC. Syst. ii, 287 ; flowers large, buds cylindric, sepals obtuse, pod elliptic-oblong. H. f.& 7, Journ. Farsetia.) X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 141 Linn, Soc. v. 147 ; Griff. Itin. Notes, 366, n. 11. F. ovalis, Boiss, Diag, viii. 32. F. Edgeworthii, 4. f. @ 7. Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 147. » Pungas, in the Salt range, Hdgeworth, &c.—Distais. Affghanistan, Arabia, N. Africa. _ A rigid, hoary undershrnb, with forked virgate branches. Leaves linear. Llowers ‘spicate, distant. Caly« cylindrical. Sepals 4-4 in., hoary. Petals linear, obtuse, twice as long as the sepals. Pods 1-2 by }-4 In., erect, broad, elliptic-oblong; valves flat, gata indistinct or sometimes prominent; style very short. Seeds usually 2- seriate. 12, ALYSSUM, Linn. Small branching herbs or undershrubs, often rigid, pubescent, hoary, stel- late or scaly. Leaves linear, entire. (lowers small, yellow or white, in ebrac- teate racemes. Sepals short, erect or spreading, equal at the base. Petals with short claws, entire or 2-fid. Filaments often winged or with tooth-like appendages. Pods short, flattened parallel to the septum or turgid, orbi- cular elliptic ovate obovate or oblong; valves flat or concave or convex in the centre and flat at the margin ; septum membranous, entire or perfo- rated ; style varying in length, Seeds 2-10, flattened ; cotyledons accum- bent.—Disrris. Species about 90, natives of S. Europe, Central Asia, and Southern Siberia. , Alyssum (Keniga) maritimum is cultivated in gardens in N.-W. India. 1, A: minimum, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 464; leaves linear-oblong or obovate, filaments winged, valve of pod tumid in the centre, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 281; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soe, v. 148. Kasra, alt. 46000 ft., 7. 7.—Disreis. Affyhanistan, W. Asia, 8. Europe. A hoary herb, with numerous stiff stems or branches, 6-8 in. long, spreading from the base, ascending, everywhere except the petals and pods covered with stellate hairs or scales. acemes many-flowered, lengthening during flowering. Petals minute, linear, white or faintly yellow. Filaments with entire or toothed wings. Pods as long as their pedicels, orbicular, slightly notched, glabrous ; style very short, acute. 9. &. canescens, DC. Prodr. i, 164; leaves narrow-linear, filaments not winged, valve of pod flat. H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. 149. A, tenuifolium, DC. Syst. ii. 322. Pilotrichum canescens and elongatum, C. A. Mey. in Led, Fi. Alt. iii. 66; Ic, Pl. Ross, t. 273. Western Himalaya in Kumaon, and Western Tize7, alt. 14-17,000 ft.; T. T., &ce.— Disrrrs. 8. Siberia. : . A small, very hoary ,tomentose plant; woody stems short tufted. Leaves 1 in., densely tufted, obtuse, erect. acemes corymbose, elongating in the fruit. Petals orbicular-obovate, twice as long as the sepals, white. Pods ¢ in., erect, on short filiform pedicels, ovate, tomentose; style slender, half the length of the pod; stigma capitate. Seeds 2, not margined. 13, DRABA, Linn. Small tufted herbs with stellate pubescence. Leaves entire, radical rosu- late. Flowers white or yellow, rarely purple, in short ebracteate racemes, or corymbs. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals entire or emarginate, claws short. Filaments simple. Pods compressed or turgid, elliptic oblong or ovoid, rarely linear ; valves flat, rarely convex ; septum membranous ; style short or long, Seeds 2-seriate, ovoid, compressed, not margined ; cotyledons accumbent, rarely incumbent.—DIsrRis. Species about 80, natives of N. temp., arctic, and alpine regions, and of the Andes of S. America, , 142 X. CRUCIFERH. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.)" [Draba. Szor. I. Aizopsis. Rootstock stout, with many crowded tufts of | rosulate leaves, which are rigid, ciliate, with a stout midrib beneath. 1. D. glacialis, Adams in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v. 106 ; leaves linear, scapes naked, flowers yellow, pods twisted, style distinct. DC. Prodr, i. 167; H. fi & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 150, D. setosa, Royle Ll. 71. D, elegans, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 300. Wesrern Tiser and Kunawor, alt. 10-15,000 ft.—Disrrie. Arctic Asia and Ame. rica, Soongaria, Rocky Mts. s 5 Root slender, woody ; branches many, prostrate, tufted, covered below with withered leaves. Leaves densely tuited, rather rigid, entire, rough and ciliated. Seapes 1-5 in., | numerous, erect, stiff. lowers crowded near the summit of the scape. Pedicels and calyx glabrous. Pods $-4 in., erect, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous.—Scarcely dis- tinct from D. alpina, L. Sect. II. Chrysodraba. oot or rootstock stout, with many crowded tufts of leaves. Leaves not rigid, without a strong midrib beneath, setose or tomentose. lowers yellow. 2, D. alpina, Linn. ; perennial, leaves densely rosulate oblong spathu- late or lanceolate, scape leafless or 1-leaved, pods elliptic glabrous straiglit. H.f.& T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 150, UV. radicans, Hoyle Ii. 71. D. alpicola, Klotzsch in Reise Pr. Waldem, 128, t. 36, f.1 (bad). (D. algida, Adams ; Adamsii, Led. ; ochroleuca, Bunge ; polytricha, Led.) Alpine Himalaya, from Sixxim to Kasuair andin Western Tiger, alt. 12-17,000 ft. —Disrris. Alps of W. Asia, N. Europe, the Rocky Mts. and Arctic regions. Stems densely tufted, short or 6-10 in. Leaves $-1 in., covered with mixed simple and branched hairs, or glabrous with ciliate margins. Scapes 4-6 in., 1-10-flowered. Flowers rather large, subcapitate. Sepals usually glabrous. Pods $-} in., shortly racemose, 4~10-seeded ; pedicels suberect, hairy or glabrous, long; style very short. 3. D. elata, H.f.é 7. Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 150 ; annual, leaves loosely rosulate spathulate obtuse, scapes with distant leaves, pods ovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute twisted. Subalpine inner ranges of Sixxm, alt. 11-13,000 ft., H. f. Erect, 9-15 in., sparingly covered with simple and steliate hairs. Radical leaves petioled, entire or rarely toothed. Flowers numerous, subcapitate. Sepals 3 in., hairy, margin scarious. Petals twice as long, ovate-oblong, clawed. Pods in long lax racemes, once or twice twisted, glabrous when ripe; pedicels 4 in., spreading or suberect, pilose, lower often bracteate. 4. D. incompta, Steven in Bull. Soc. Nat. Hist. Mosc. iii. 268 ; peren- nial, leaves rosulate oblong, scapes naked, pod elliptic-oblong slightly curved not twisted. DC. Prodr. i. 168; Deless, Ic. ii. 44. D. tibetica, var. y Winterbottomi, A. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 152. Western Tizet, alt. 11-13,000 ft, Falconer, Winterbottom.—Distrie. Persia, Caucasus. A small very tomentose, hoary plant, with short naked branches from the crown of the root, ending in tufts of leaves. Leaves 4-4 in., all tufled, oblong. Scapes }-4 in., pubescent, scarcely lengthening in fruit. Pods glabrous; style short, bent or straight, —The fruit of this plant was unknown when it was referred as a variety to D. tibetica; those of Falconer’s specimens recently added to the Kew Herbarium have ripe pods, which are similar to those of the Persian and Caucasian plant. Sect. ITI. Leucodraba. ootstock biennial or perennial, with many tufts of radical leaves. Leaves soft, flat. Flowers white, Draba.| X. CRUCIFERS. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 148 5. D. incana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 170; stem leafy, rarely branched, leaves usually toothed, pods elliptic-lenceolate acute hoary longer than their pedicel. Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t.14; H.f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 151. D. himalayensis, Kotesch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Wald, 127, t. 34.B (bad). (D. confusa, Lhr. ; gracilis, Led.) : Alpine Himalaya, from Stexim to Western Tiser, alt. 10-17,000 ft.—Disrars. Alpine and arctic N. Europe, Asia and America, Fuegia. cary. Stems 1-10in., erect. Radical leaves 4-4 in., loosely tufted or spreading, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate or narrow-spathwlate; cauline distant, sessile, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, toothed or rarely entire. Flowers small, white. Petals twice the length of the sepals, obovate, notched. Pods racemed, compressed, sometimes twisted, tomentose ; pedicels 4} in., erect, pubescent ; stigma subsessile. The Tibetan and Himalayan specimens possess the characters of D. confusa, Ehr., usually having toothed cauline leaves, and stellately pubescent pods. 6. D. lasiophylla, Royle Jil. p. 71; stem sparsely leafy, radical leaves crowded soft white, pods elliptic-lanceolate much twisted shorter and broader than in D, incana. Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 301; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 151. D. glomerata, Royle Ill. 71. ; Alpine Himalaya and Western Tibet, from Sixxm to Kunawor and Lapak, alt. 12-18,000 ft.—Drsrris. Turkistan. ; Very like the preceding, but more hairy, and with shorter less leafy stems, and leaves in closer tufts. 2adical leaves 4-4 in., oval-oblong or oblong-lanceolate. Stems simple, erect, with 1-3 sessile lanceolate leaves. lowers small, white, subcapitate. Fruiting racemes elongate or subcapitate; pedicels very short. Pods once to three times twisted.—Very closely allied to D. stellatu, Jacq., of the Buropean Alps (D. siliquosa, M. A. B., is probably identical), scarcely differing except in the twisted pod. 7. D. fladnitzensis, Wulf. in Jacg. Misc. i. 147 and 17, f. 1; small glabrous or pilose, leaves densely rosulate lanceolate, scape slender leafless or 1-leaved, pods elliptic-oblong or lanceolate straight glabrous, DC. Prodr. 1,169; Reich. Lc. Fl. Germ. xii. f. 4237. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartm. Scand. ed. 1.249; H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 151 (D. helvetica, Schleich ; lap- ponica, Wahl. ; androsacea, Weild.). Western Himalaya in Kumaon and Kunawvr, and in Wxstrxn Tizer, alt. 13- 18,000 ft.—Disrri8. Alpine and arctic Europe, Asia and America. . Leaves $-4in., margins ciliate. Scapes 1-4 in., erect. Flowers few, capitate. Petals short, scarcely clawed, white. Pods scarcely racemed; style very short.— We have adopted the first name given to this species, which is that of the Carpathian plant, with which the Indian quite agrees,” 7. Anderson. Var. 1. homotricha; leaves stiffly ciliate glabrous or with simple hairs. D. Wah- Ienbergii, var. homotricha, Led. Fl. Ross. i, 150; A. f. & T. le. 151 (D. lactea, Kar. & Kir.; D. altaica, Bunge).—S. Piti and Nubra. Var. 2. heterotricha; leaves with mixed simple and stellate hairs. D. Wahlen- bergit, var. heterotricha, Led. Fl. Ross. i. 150. D. pygmea, Ture. 8 D. tibetica, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 152; loosely tufted, woolly or hoary, leaves spathulate-lanceolate entire, scapes slender usually ‘leafless, pods hoary shorter than their slender pedicels. Inner ranges of the Srxxim Himauayas, and Wzsreen Tiner; alt. 13-15,000 ft. Leaves 4-1 in., nearly all radical, entire. Scapes 3-8 in.,"numerous, erect, flexuous, rarely with 1 or 2 sessile lanceolate leaves. Flowers subcapitate, rather large, white; edicels 4-1 in., slender, erect. Pods 4-4 in. long, racemed, elliptic or linear-lanceolate, at ‘or twisted; style very variable in length.—Both the following varieties (especially “the first).are too closely allied to D. lasiophylla and D. incana. 144 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Draba, Var. 1. Thomsonit, H. f. & T. 1.c.; leaves laxly or scarcely tufted hoary and tomen- tose, pods linear-lanceolate not twisted, style short and stout.—Zanskar, Thomson. Vax. 2. sikkimensis, H. f. & T. lc.; leaves closely tufted except in very luxuriant young shoots very woolly, pods long linear-laaceolate or short and eliiptic ‘twisted, style long slender.—Sikkim at 16,000 ft., HZ. f. Sect, IV. Drabella. Annual. Scapes or stems leafy. (lowers white or yellow. 9. D. muralis, Linn. ; stellately hispid, stems filiform flexuous, cauline leaves broad elliptic-ovate cvarsely toothed, petals white minute, fruiting racemes very long, pods horizontal oblong or elliptic on long capillary spreading pedicels. Boiss, #7. Orient. i. 302. Kasumir, alt. 5600 ft.—Duisrris. Asia Minor, N. Africa, Europe. An erect, simple or branched very slender annual; rather rough with short simple or forked hairs. Hadical leaves 3-4 in., few, rosulate, obovate, entire or toothed ; cauline few sessile, auricled or not. wers ina short raceme. tals small, narrow, entire, white. Pods racemed, 3-4 in., quite flat, glabrous or scaberulous, stigma subsessile. Seeds about 12. 10. D. ellipsoidea, ZH. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153; stems flexuous prostrate short interlaced, leaves toothed, flowers minute white, fruiting racemes very short, flowers minute white, pods elliptic-oblong very flat obtuse, stigma sessile. Sixxim-Himauaya, a weed in radish fields, alt. 15-16,000 ft., 7. f. Much depressed, hairy, leafy. Leaves }-1 in., linear-oblong. Pods racemed, $-3 in. equalling or shorter than their curved pedicels, flat, stellately pubescent; style 0.— Differs remarkably from D. muralis in its habit, flexuous branches, and short fruiting racemes. ll. D. linearis, Boiss. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, xvii. 167; FU. Orient, i. 203; stem simple erect, leaves entire or nearly so, flowers rather large white, fruiting racemes long, pods erect linear. D, stenocarpa, H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153. Das Kirim in temperate Western Tiset, Winterbottom.—Disrris. Mountains of Persia. Stem 6-12 in., scaberulous. Radical leaves rosulate, linear-oblong or obovate, thickly clothed with forked hairs; cauline 2-5. Petals narrow-cuneate, entire. Pods \-2in., in long racemes, on slender smooth ascending pedicels, tapering at both ends, straight ; stigma sessile. Seeds many.—Near D. muralis but stiffer, with much longer and racemed pods. 12. D. gracillima, ZH. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 153; hoary, scapes or stems many weak ascending, leaves subentire, flowers small yellow, ra- cemes long, pods linear erect. : Temperate Suxxim-Himataya, alt. 10-13,000 ft., H. f. Stems 4-12 in. Radical leaves spreading, spathulate; cauline few, near the base, sessile, ovate. Scapes numerous, filiform, flexuous. -Pods 4 in., erect, tapering at both ends, compressed, straight or curved, glabrous; racemes occupying almost the whole length of the stem; pedicels 4 in., filiform, spreading or deflexed, the lowest often twice - the length of the uppermost, Seeds numerous. 14, BROPHILA, DO. Small, delicate annuals, with entire spreading root-leaves. Flowers usuall small, white, on slender scapes. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals “Hrophila.|. x. CRUCIFERAE, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 145 obovate, 2-fid. Filaments free, without appendages, Pod oblong, elliptic or linear, compressed; valves membranous, flat or convex; septum mem- branous ; style very short. Seeds numerous, small, 2-seriate; funicles fili- form.—Distrrp. Species 5, European and W. Asiatic, 1, B. vulgaris, DC. Draba verna, Linn.; H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 149'; Grif. Itin. Notes 239, No. 312; 243, No. 364; 365, No. 7; te iv. t. 611, Kasuair; alt. 5-6000 ft.—Disrrrm. Affghanistan, W. Asia, Europe. Leaves all radical, spreading on the ground, ovate or oblong, entire or toothed, slightly hairy. Scapes 2-8 in., erect, glabrous. Pods 4 in., elliptic-oblong, at least twice as long as broad; pedicels long, slender. 15. COCHLEARIA, Linn. Glabrous, often fleshy annual or perennial herbs, Leaves entire or pinnati- partite, lowers white, ‘rarely yellow or violet, corymbose or in short racemes, rarely solitary on scapes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. ‘ Petals entire, shortly clawed. Filaments without appendages or teeth, Pods globose ovoid or oblong; valves convex, turgid. Seeds 2-seriate, rarely 1-seriate, compressed, without wings ; cotyledons accumbent.—D1s- ‘TRIB, Species about 25, natives of N. temp, and Asiatic regions, 1¢. flava, Ham. Hort. Bengh. 48; annual, diffusely branched, ‘leaves pinnatifid, pods globose. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 805; ae & T. Journ, Znnn. Soc, v. 154. C. alyssoides, DC. Prodr. i. 172. amelina Caisir, Wall, Cat, 4802, Alyssum cochlearioides, Roth. Upper and lower Ganeeric valleys, from the Soane westwards to Kurnaut. Erect, rarely depressed, glabrous, 1 ft. high. oot long, fusiform. eaves 4-5 in., lanceolate, lobes sinuate-toothed, lower petioled, upper smaller shorter petioled, auricled. Racemes numerous, long. Flowers small, yellow; pedicels 4, in. Pods smooth, about 4 in. diam. ; valves membranous, hemispheric, nerveless ; style short, thick. Seeds small, numerous, rugose, funicles filiform. 2. G. himalaica, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 154; small, pro- Strate, leaves long-petioled oblong-ovate, flowers racemed, pod elliptic. Inner ranges of the Sixxim-Himaraya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., Z. f. A dwarf, prostrate, smooth, leafy, fleshy annual?, with long fusiform slender root. ‘Leaves coarsely toothed. Flowers small, in short bracteate racemes. Sepais persistent, slightly hairy. Pods slightly compressed, bent, pubescent, 3~5-seeded; valves thin, membranous; séptum disappearing in the ripe fruit—Cochlearia altaica (Taphro- spermum altaicum, C. A. M.) very closely resembles this, but differs in the shape of the leaves, pods and seeds. 3. ©. seapifiora, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 154; stemless, rootstock very stout, leaves linear-lanceolate or spathulate, scapes 1-flowered, pods obliquely elliptic-oblong. By melting snow-rills in the Srxxim-Himazayva, H. f., and in Wesrexn Tuer, alt. 15-18,000 ft., Strach. & Winterb. : : Small, stemless, fleshy, glabrous. Leaves tapering at the base into a long flat petiole, “entire or with afew broad sharp teeth. Scapes 1} in., flaccid. Flowers large, pale lilac. Sepals glabrous, persistent. Pods §-} in. long; septum evanescent. : VOL, I. 146 X, CRUCIFERE, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [AMalcolmia, 16. MALCOLMIA, Br. Branching herbs, pubescence simple or stellate. Leaves entire or pinna- tifid. Flowers in lax racemes, white or purple. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Petals linear, claws long. Filaments free, the longer ones sometimes united in pairs. Pods elongate, cylindric, hard and dehiscing late ; peduncle usually thickened; valves 3-nerved ; septum membranous ; stigma erect, lobes often united into an acute cone or decurrent along the short style. Seeds 2-seriate towards the base of the pod, oblong, not margined ; coty- ledons incumbent.—Disrrie. About 20 species, natives of W. Asia and the Mediterranean region. * Pods linear, elongate. 1. M. africana, Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv. 121; leaves oblong or lanceo- late toothed, flowers many small, pods straight hispid. DC. Prodr. i. 187 ; Griffith tin. Notes 260, No. 513; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 155, Fields and waste places in the Punsas, Kasumir, and Western Tizes, ascending to 13,000 ft.—Disrris. W. Asia, Mediterranean region. ; Stout, leafy annual, 14 ft., rough with stiff forked and simple hairs; branches many, long, somewhat spreading. eaves 1-6 in., petioled. Flowers near the ends of the branches. Petals obovate-oblong, twice as long as the persistent sepals, purple or white. Fruiting racemes 6-12 in. long; pedicels 7, in., erect, as thick as the pods. Pods 2-3 in. long, narrow, linear, very rough with short forked hairs ; valves prolonged into a short blunt horn ; stigma short, conical, tapering to an acute point.—Varies greatly in pubescence, size of the leaves, and length and thickness of the pedicels and pods.—A very rough variety with small flowers has been distinguished as 6 stenopetala (M. _stenopetala, Led.). 2. IM. torulosa, Boiss. Fl, Orient. i. 225; leaves narrow toothed or pin- natifid, flowers small, pods torulose usually contorted or recurved. Sisym- brium torulosum, Desf. Fl. Atlant. ii. 84, t. 159; DC. Prodr.i. 195; A. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc, v. 163. §. contortuplicatum, DC. Prodr, lc. Pungazs at Peshawur, Stewart—Duistrin. Westwards to Syria and N. Africa. A depressed annual or biennial, with numerous spreading and ascending stiff, stout branches, 6 or 8 in. long, hispid’ with stiff spreading simple or forked hairs, rarely glabrous. Radical leaves 1-3 in., numerous, oblong-lanceolate, acute; cauline shorter and less divided. Flowers small, subsessile, white. Pods 3-1 in., on very short thick pedicels, slender straight recurved or contorted, hispid. Seeds small, oblong, 1-seriate. ** Pods long or short, subulate. 3. M. strigosa, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 224; glabrous or hispid below only, leaves oblung-lanceolate repand or toothed, pods 1-14 in. long.—H. f. & 7. an Journ, Linn. Soc, Vv. 155. “ In the Salt range, Puxgan, Fleming, Stewart.—Dsrrrw. Afghanistan, Beluchistan, ersia, A stout, depressed or suberect, rough, hairy annual, soon dividing into a few rather rigid short branches 6-18 in. long. Radical leaves long-petioled, spreading on the ground, 2 or 3 in. long; cauline shorter and more entire. Flowers numerous, sessile, in racemes 2-12 in. Petals about 4 in., sometimes twisted, linear, dark purple, rarely white, limb broader than the claw. Pods terete, stout, thickened at the base, tapering to an obtuse point, spreading horizontally or decurved; base with short branching and long spreading forked hairs, less hispid above. Seeds sub-2-seriate at the base of the pod, 1-seriate above. Lepidostemon.] X. CRUCIFERH. (Hook. f..& T. Anderson.) 147 17. LEPIDOSTEMON, H. f. & T. A dwarf annual with a short leafy unbranched stem. eaves narrow, toothed. Flowers yellow, on long subcorymbose pedicels. Sepals short, equal atthe base. Stamens free ; all the filaments with a broad appendage. Pods linear, elongate ; valves smooth; septum entire, hyaline, nerveless ; style very short ; stigma 2-lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, oblong, flattened, with long slender free cords. 1, & pedunculosus, H. /. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 156. Interior valleys of Sixxim-Himataya ; rocky hills at Tungu, alt. 14-15,000 ft., Hf. A dwarf alpine of peculiar habit, 1 in. high, covered with soft forked hairs. Stem erect, simple. Leaves numerous, }~-13 in., oblong or narrowly spathulate, deeply sharply toothed. Flowers numerous, rather large,’ subcorymbose; pedicels 3 in., erect, downy. Sepals erect, pilose, persistent. Petals short, obovate, emarginate. Pods 4 in. (imma- ture), erect, downy. Seeds unknown; affinity hence doubttul. 18, SISYMBRIUM, Linn. Glabrous hairy or tomentose or hoary annual or biennial herbs, Leaves entire lobed pinnatifid or pinnatisect. lowers yellow, white or rose-coloured, in lax often bracteate racemes. Sepals short or elongate, equal at the base or the lateral saceate. Petals with long claws. Stamens free ; filaments all simple. -Pods elongate, cylindric or compressed, rarely tetragonal ; valves convex, usually 3-nerved ; septum membranous; style short, stigma 2+ lobed. Seeds generally numerous, 1-seriate, not margined, with filiform cords ; cotyledons incumbent.—Distris. Species about 80, chiefly European and Oriental, with a few representatives in most temperate regions. Sxct. I. Arabidopsis. Flowers white purple or rose-coloured. Valves of the terete or compressed pod i-nerved or nerveless.—(Distinguishable from Arabis by the cotyledons only.) : * Cauline leaves sagitiate. 1. S. mollissimum, (. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 140; glabrous or hairy, leaves entire or toothed, flowers capitate ebracteate, pods slender erect glabrous, pedicels slender. Led. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 262 3A. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc, v. 160. Temperate Himalaya, from Sixxm to Kasnmir, alt. 8-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 in Sikkim); Western Tiset, alt. 12-14,000 ft.—Disrris. Altai. An erect rigid biennial or perennial. Stem solitary or 2 or 3 from the same root, 9-18 in. high, simple or with a few stiff erect branches. Leaves 1-2 in., shortly petioled, obovate-lanceolate ; cauline oblong, sagittate and stem-clasping, gradually ‘smaller upwards. Flowers purple or white, racemes elongate and lax in the fruit; pedicels slender, erect, 3-4 in. Pods 1-1} in., straight; valves convex; veins indis- tinct; style short, slender. Var. glaberrima ; all parts glabrous or only the lower part of the stem puberulous. —Western Himalaya, Thomson ; Western Tibet, Falconer. 9, S. himalaicum, 4./. é F. Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 160; hispidly to- mentose, leaves ‘sinuate-toothed, flowers racemed bracteate, pods erect or spreading glabrous or pubescent. Temperate Himaxaya, from Sikkim to Kashmir, alt. 10-12,000 ft. .- Like the preceding, but smaller and more branched, hirsute, with mixed on and : i A 148 X. ORUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisymbrium. stellate hairs. Stem erect,with numerous spreading or ascending stiff branches. Leaves radical petioled ; upper clasping the stem by sagittate auricles. Pods 1-14 in. long, terete, straight ; pedicels short, stout, spreading, each with a leaflike bract at the base ; valves striate. 3. S. foliosum, Z. 7. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 160 ; sparsely hairy, leaves broad toothed, flowers racemed glabrous, pods slender curved gla- brous much compressed. Kasumi, alt. 5-7000 ft., Thomson. A suberect or decumbent herbaceous much branched annual, with scattered stellate hairs, 6-12 in. high. Radical leaves soon withering, spathulate, shortly petioled; cauline larger, 1-24 in. long, oblong or obovate, sessile, auricles long sagittate stem- clasping, coarsely toothed. J lowers small, white, ebracteate ; pedicels 3 in., slender, -usually spreading, sometimes ascending or deflexed. QPuds 1} in, in long racemes, spreading, ascending or the lower sometimes deflexed, straight or curved, with a few stellate hairs; valves thin, flattened, striate. ** Leaves not pinnatiid ; cauline not sagittate or auricled. 4. S. Thalianum, Gay & Monn. in Gaud, Fl. Helv. iv. 348; annual, radical leaves petioled obovate, flowers small white, pedicels very slender, ods very slender suberect curved glabrous compressed, seeds. flattened. oss, Fl. Orient. i. 214; A. f. & T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 163. Arabis Thaliana, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 144. Conringia Thaliana, Reich, [c, Fl. Germ. t. 60, £. 4380. Temperate. Himalaya, from Baotan to Kasumtr, and in Western Tizev; alt. 5-10,000 ft.; Punsas, Stewart.—Disrnuts. Temp. Europe, Asia, Abyssinia. An erect, slender, branching annual, 4-12 in. high, slightly hispid with scattered spreading simple and forked hairs or glabrous. Zeaves 1-3 in., toothed or entire; cauline few, remote, sessile, generally entire. acemes slender, elongate ; pedicels }-! in., spreading or ascending. Pods 5-1 in., narrow linear ; valves convex, 1-nerved ; style short. Seeds very small; cotyledous obliquely incumbent. 5. S. lasiocarpum, Z./. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163; annual, slen- der, erect, hispidly pubescent, leaves small radical obovate-spathulate, flowers lilac, pedicels short, pods short straight terete densely pubescent. Griffith Itin. Notes 188, No. 991. Lammoo and Panya in Buotan, Gréffith. Simple, rigid, 9-18 in., hoary and pubescent with mixed simple and stellate hairs. Radical leaves 4-1 in. long, few, shortly petioled, sinuate-toothed ; cauline small, sessile, obovate. Flowers small. Sepals pubescent. Pods $ in., erect; valves convex ; nerve- Jess; style very short. 6. S. rupestre, Ldgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33; annual, erect, ‘branched, hoary, radical leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline sometimes cordate at the base, flowers shortly pedicelled, pods subterete glabrous or puberulous, slender. H. f.& 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 162. Tn the dry region of the Western Hiataya, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt, 8-14,000 ft.; Pitiin Western Trper, Thomson. , ' Stem 6-18 in., stiff, branching ; hairs forked, with a few scattered stellate ones. Radical leaves shortly petioled, 4-1 in. ; cauline sessile, entire or toothed. Facemes few-flowered, bracteate throughout or towards the base ; froiting elongate, lax. Flowers purple.or white. Sepals pubescent ; pedicels 2A in., puberulous. Pods 14-13 in, erect or spreading, compressed ; valves with an indistinct central vein. 7. S. humile, C. A. Mey. in Led, Fl. Alt. iii, 137; perennial, dwarf, hoary, diffuse, radical ieaves oblong, cauline petioled, flowers shortly pedi- Sisymbrium.] X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 149 celled, pods straight terete torulose. Led. Ic, Fl. Ross, t.147; H.f. & T. Journ, Linn, Soc. v. 163. ee Tiser, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Winterbottom, &c.—Disrris. Siberia, Arctic merica. .. Subhispid, hoary, rarely green and glabrous ; rootstock woody. Stem 1-8 in., decum- bent or ascending, simple or branched. Radical leaves }-1 in, many, crowded, sinuate- toothed or entire, cauline small. lowers rather large, white or lilac. Sepals erect, Peberoant or glans: Pods 4~1 in., pedicels short erect, cylindric, subhispid or gla- rous, veins obscure, : 8. S. strictum, 7. f. dé T. Journ, Linn, Soc. v. 161 ; annual, erect, hoary, leaves linear-oblong sinuate-toothed, cauline sessile, pedicels slender, pods erect curved terete slender glabrous, valves costate. Malcolmia stricta, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. i. 16, t. 16. Western Himanaya, from Kumaon to Kasamir, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; Wesrern Tier, Winterbottom, Falconer. ‘ Stem 9-24 in., simple, rigid, scabrous. Leaves 1-14 in. long, lower narrowed into a short petiole; upper gradually diminishing along the stem, lanceolate, subentire. Racemes at first dense, elongate and lax in fruit. lowers small, pale rose-coloured, Pods 1-2 in., narrow, on spreading or ascending pubescent pedicels 4 in. long; valves convex, with a prominent midrib; style short, tapering. 9, S. axillare, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 162; small, annual, depressed, leafy, radical’ leaves spathulate lobed or toothed, cauline sessile, flowers white bracteate, pedicels slender, pods very slender, valves nerveless. Griff. Itin, Notes 195, No. 1074. Buaoray, on dry rocks and walls near Chupcha, alt. 8000 ft., Grifith; inner ranges of Sikkim, alt. 8-10,000 ft., ZZ. f. Diffuse, slender, subhispid or tomentose, branches prostrate leafy 3-6 in. long. Radical leaves shortly petioled, 1 in. long; cauline $2 in., ovate or oblong, rounded at the tip. lowers rather large, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves ; fruiting raceme elongate, lax, leafy; pedicels long, spreading or ascending. Pods } in., terete, straight or slightly curved; subtorulose.—The Bhotan and Sikkim specimens agree in all essen- tial characters, but the Bhotan ones from growing in a dry situation are smaller and much more hoary than those from Sikkim, where they were found in shady forests, #ee Leaves pinnatifid. 10. S. Wallichii, H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 158; perennial, his- pidly hairy, radical leaves small runcinately lyrate, flowers small white or eg pedicels filiform, pods long very slender, Arabis? leptocarpa, Wall. at. 4784, ‘ Dry parts of the Western Himaraya, from Komaon to Kasnuir, alt. 5-7000 ft, Saur Ranex, Stewart.—Distris. Affghanistan. ee Stem 6-18 in., rough and hairy, especially near the base, with simple forked and stellate hairs, slender, erect. Radical leaves 1-3 in., crowded, spreading ; terminal lobe large; cauline few, short, 4-14 in., linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid or almost entire. Flowers white, changing to pale pink. Jruiting racemes long, lax, terminal ; pedicels 4-1 in., spreading. Pods 2-84 in., spreading, curved, glabrous ; valves slightly convex, midrib distinct; style short, tapering. ll. S, minutiflorum, Z. f. & T.. Journ, Linn, Soc. v. 158 ; annual, uberulous, very slender, much branched, leaves pinnately cut into few near segments, flowers minute white, pods small narrow, stigma sessile, Boiss, FU. Orient. i. 215; Grif’. tin. Notes 314, No. 1166. _ Zaysxar in Western Tiset, Thomson.—Distars. Afighanistan. . 5 Stem 2-9 in., stellately hairy, tortuous. Leaves small, thick. J'lowers in numerous 150 X, crucIFER&. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Sisymbrium, terminal racemes. Fruiting racemes elongate ; pedicels 4-4 in., spreading, as thick ag the rachis. Pods } in. straight or slightly curved; septum flat. Seeds very minute, oblong.—Boissier remarks that the ceeds are unknown. There are numerous ripe pods in Griffith’s specimens in the Kew Herbarium. | The cotyledons are incumbent. Secr, Il. Sophia. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, ebracteate. Pod cylindric or flat, valves 1-nerved, 12, S. Sophia, Linn. ; annual, erect, glabrous or pubescent, leaves 2-3- pinnatisect, flowers small, pedicels slender. Reich. Iq Fl. Germ. t. 74, 1, 4405; H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soe. v. 158. Purgas, in the Salt Range and near Peshawur; Temperate Himalaya from Kumaon to Kasumi, alt. 5-7000 ft.; Western Tier, alt. 9-14,000 ft—Disrniz. Westward, throughout Europe, N. Africa, and in N. and 8. America. : Stem 1-2 ft., finely tomentose and somewhat hoary, or quite glabrous; branches ascending. Leaves numerous; segments short, linear, Flowers small, pale yellow. Fruiting racemes elongate, lax, terminal. Pods 1 in., spreading, or erect, on long Late cylindric, subcompressed, curved, subtorulose; midrib prominent; stigma sub- sessile. : Secr. III. Irio. Flowers yellow, pedicelled, ebracteate. Pods terete, valves 3-nerved, : * Fruiting pedicels as broad as the pod. 13. S. Columnee, Jacq. Pl. Austr. t. 323; annual, tall, glabrous or hairy below, leaves runcinate, sepals erect, valves of pod not ribbed. Bozss, Fi. Orient. i. 216; H. 7. & T. Journ, Linn, Soc, v. 157. Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasnmir, ascending to 10,000 ft.; Westry Tier, alt. 9-14,000 ft—Duisrris. Westward to Central Europe. Stem 3 ft., stout, erect, slightly branching, subhispid with spreading or reflexed hairs, or all glabrous and glaucous. Leaves sometimes almost entire; segments toothed, from ovate-oblong to lanceolate; terminal lobe angled; of the upper leaves hastate. Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glabrous. Pods 3-4 in., spreading, very slender, curved, glabrous or slightly hairy; pedicel very stout ; valves striated, indistinctly cos- tate; style thickened, 75 in. 14, S. pannonicum, Jacg. Coll. i. 70; Ic. Pl. Rar. t. 123 ; annual, hispid or glabrate, leaves runcinate-pinnatisect, sepals spreading, valves of pod 3-nerved. Bovss, Hl. Orient. i. 217; H.f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soe. v. 257. S. septulatum, DC. Syst. ii, 471. Hassora in Western Tier, alt. 8000 ft., Winterbottom. Stem rather tall, stiff, often simple below, and divaricately branched above. Leaf’ segments nearly all similar, toothed or entire, of the lower leaves broad, of the upper, narrow-linear. Flowers large, pale yellow. Sepals glabrous, caducous. Pods 3-4 in., on short very thick pedicels, spreading or ascending, straight, obtuse, glabrous; septum membranous, projecting transversely between the seeds; style subelongate, thick ; stigma large, 2-lobed. ** Fruiting pedicels slender. 15. S. Erio, Linn. ; annual or biennial, tall, glabrous, leaves runcinate- pinnatifid, segments not auricled, flowers minyte, pedicels slender, young pods overtopping the raceme, old 3-nerved, stigma sessile. Heich. Ic. Fl. Germ, t. 75, f. 4408; H. f. & 1. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157. &. irioides, Boiss. Fl, Orient. 1. 218; H.f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 157, In Northern India, from Raspoorana to the Puxgaz.—Disrnis, Affghanistan and westwards to the Canary Islands. ‘ Sisymbrium.] ‘x. ‘CRUCIFERAE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 151 « Stem 1-3 ft., tall, quite glabrous, or slightly pubescent near the base. Leaves petioled, pinnatifid or pinnatipartite; segments remote, spreading, toothed; terminal large, sometimes hastate. lowers yellow. Pods 14-2 in., slender, erect, glabrous, sub-. torulose; valves 3-nerved; pedicels }-} in., ascending, curved.—S, irioides is said to be distinguished by a character that seems to be of no value. All the large flowered specimens resembling and previously referred to S. Irio are referable to S. Leeselii, - Topstar's authentic specimen of S. irioides is unique; its flowers are described as’ double the size of those of S. Irio and the style as elongated. 16. S. Loeselii, Zinn. ; annual, tall, erect, reversedly hairy or glabrate, leaves sublyrately runcinate not auricled, flowers large, pedicels slender, pods slender terete not overtopping the raceme, style eenilen Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 76, f. 4409; H. fi d& T. Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 156; Leptocarpea Leselii, DO.—Grifith Itin, Notes 314, No. 1155. ‘Kasuair ; alt. 5-7000 ft., Thomson.—Disrris. Westward to Central Europe. Stem branched and lower leaves hispid with simple recurved hairs or subglabrous. Leaves petioled; segments toothed ; terminal lobe very large, hastate. lowers na- nierous, pale yellow, not surmounted by the young pods. Pods 1-1} in., slightly curved, glabrous; pedicels ascending, slender, 4 the length of the pod; style short, with a dis- - Unct 2-lobed stigma, ; ; Sect. IV. Alliaria. lowers white. Pods terete, valves 1-3-nerved. Seeds smooth or striate. ‘17. S. Alliaria, Scop. Carn, ed. 2, n. 825; annual or biennial, tall, erect, leaves long-petioled, lower reniform, upper cordate toothed, pods long, pedicel stout, valves 3-nerved. HZ. if: & T. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 163. Alliaria officinalis, Andrzj.; Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 60, f. 379. Erysimum Alliaria, Linn. Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasumi, alt. 6-10,000 ft.—Disrais. Westward to W. Europe % Stem 1-3 ft., subsimple, glabrous or sparsely hairy below. adical leaves 2-3 in. diam., coarsely repand-crenate or toothed, upper ovate-cordate or deltoid, crenate. Flowers small, in lax racemes. Pods 14-2 in.; pedicels stout, } in., spreading, sub- bias straight, glabrous; valves 3-nerved, midrib stout. Seeds oblong, striate and lotted. 18, S. deltoideum, Z./, & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 163; tall, erect, labrous, leaves all petioled deltoid-ovate toothed, pods short, pedicels ong, valves 1-nerved. Eastern Himalaya; Sixxim, in the inner ranges, alt. 11-13,000 ft., HZ. f. ee Stem 2-4 ft., stout. ZLéaves thin, 13-3 in. diam., scarcely longer than broad. Flowers large, white. Pods 4-3 in., pedicels as long, not thickened, spreading, stout, suberect, straight or curved, taper pointed ; valves convex strongly keeled ; septum flat. Seeds large, linear-oblong, smooth.—Perhaps an Hutrema, € 19. BUTREDIA, Br. Glabrous leafy biennial or perennial herbs. Leaves entire or serrate, radical on long petioles, upper shortly petioled or sessile. Flowers white corymbose. Sepals short, erect, equal at the base. Filaments entire. Pods linear or linear-oblong, terete ; valves convex; style short. Seeds few, wingless, irregularly 1-2-seriate.—DistrRp, Species 5, arctic Siberian and: Himalayan.—Nearly allied to the section Alvaria of Sisymbrium. 152 X, CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Butrema. 1. E. himalaicum, 7. /. é 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 164; stout, ake a leafy, cauline leaves sessile amplexicaul, flowers subcapitate in branch racemes. Temperate Sixxim-Himaxaya, alt. 10-13,000 ft., A. f. . . A stout erect simple herb 18 in. high, glabrous or with a few hairs along the margins of the leaves and petioles. Leaves all entire, obtuse, radical long-petioled, oblong or ovate-cordate; cauline ovate or ovate-lanceolate, auricled at the base. Flowers rather large, white, in numerous terminal heads. Pods racemed, suberect ; pedicels long, ’ spreading. The ripe fruit is unknown.—Differs from the Soongarian Smelowskia (Hu- trema) integrifolia only by its auricled cauline leaves. 2. EB. primulefolium, H.f.& T. Journ, Linn. Soc, v. 164 ; stemless, glabrous, radical leaves tufted, scapes leafy bracteate. Sisymbrium pri- mulefolium, Thoms. in Hook, Kew Journ, Bot. iv, t. 10, and v. p. 18. Wet rocks in the Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kasur, alt. 6-11,000 ft., Thomson, &c. : . . Root thick, fusiform, perenvial. Leaves 3~6in., all radical, petioled, broadly spathu- late, toothed above the middle. Scapes numerous, usually shorter than the leaves, with a few leaf-like obovate bracts }-1 in. long. Flowers small, white. Sepals oblong, . a Pods 4-1 in., cylindric, curved, smooth; valves membranous, finely reti- culate. 20. CONRINGTIA, Reichb. Glabrous, glaucous annuals. Zowers entire, oblong, auricled. lowers racemose, ebracteate, yellow. Sepals elongate, equal at the base or the lateral saccate. Petals elongate, clawed. Pods elongated, linear, compressed. or acutely tetragonal ; valves 1-3-nerved, smooth or torulose ; stigma simple er 2-iobed. Seeds 1-seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent. —Distrip. Species 6, natives of W. Asia and S. Europe. Closely allied to Sisymbrium, but with the habit of Brassica. 1. G. planisiliqua, Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 32; radical leaves petioled linear-oblong, cauline sessile. Erysimum planisiliquum,, Ledeb. Sisymbrium planisiliquum, H. f. & 7. Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 159, Western Titer, alt. 10-14,000 ft., Thomson.—Disrris. Westwards to Persia, Soon-' garia and Armenia. Stem erect, 1-2 ft. Radical leaves few, 2-3 in., obtuse, cauline with cordate am- plexicaul bases. lowers small; pedicels $in., slender. Puds 3~4 in., racemed, erect, narrow linear ; valves slightly convex over the seeds. 21. ERYSIMUM, Linn. Herbs, often hoary with appressed forked hairs. Zeaves linear or oblong, entire or sinuate-toothed, base never auricled. Flowers yellow, rarely’ purple, ebracteate. Sepals erect, equal or the lateral gibbous at the base. ‘ Petals clawed. Filaments simple. Pods elongate, narrow, compressed tetragonal or terete ; valves linear, 1-nerved, frequently keeled ; septum membranous or corky ; style short or long ; stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Seeds numerous, l-seriate, oblong, not margined ; cotyledons incumbent.—D1s- TRIB. Species about 80, chiefly European and Oriental, A genus in many respects intermediate between Cheiranthus and Sisymbrium. The Indian species are very difficult of discrimination, and little confidence can be placed in their diagnoses. They stand here as described 12 years ago in the Linnean Journal, since which time no materials of importance for their elucidation have been received. _ Erysinum.| x. CRUCIFERR, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 153° * Diffusely branched ; ripe pods horizontal, subsessile ; pedicel short, stout. .1 SB. repandum, Linn. ; annual, hoary with close appressed hairs, leaves lanceolate repand-toothed or entire, flowers 3-4 in. diam., pods rigid or flexuous obtusely 4-angled glabrous narrowed up to the truncate stigma, pedicel 3; in. as thick as the pod. H. f. & ZT. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 164; Borss. Fl. Orient. i. 189. Kasmar, alt. 5-7000 ft., Winterbottom.—Disrris. Persia, and westward to E. Europe and N. Africa. Very variable in stature and robustness; hairs 2-partite with a few trifid ones inter- mixed. Boissier separates from it the Affghan plant (Z. Grifithii, Boiss.) which was united with it in the Linnean Journal, on account of its entire leaves subcompressed pod and bracteate flowers. : ** Dwarf species ; rootstock much divided giving off short crowded branches. Pods 1-2 in. tong. 2. EB. deflexum, ZH. f. dé 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v.165; hoary, hairs all appressed, leaves linear-spathulate slightly toothed, flowering branches, short, fruiting deflexed with ascending tips, pedicels equalling the sepals, pods very narrow linear erect tetragonal acute, style distinct. : Alpine Srxmim-Himavaya, at Kongra Lama, alt. 13-15,000 ft., Hf. Easily distinguished by its small size and curious ramification, the stems that spring from the many-crowned rootstock are 3-5 in. long, and bent down to ihe earth when fruiting, their pod-bearing tips alone ascending. Leaves 4-2 in. Flowers } in. diam., ochreous-yellow. Pods 14-2 by + :-5 in. broad, narrowed into a style #4, in. long; replum with slender flat sides, septum rather spongy. Seeds with very short funicles. 3, B. funiculosum, ZH. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; hairs appressed, leaves linear-lanceolate, fruiting branches erect, pods fascicled erect linear-lanceolate compressed, valves obscurely keeled, style short conic, funicle very slender. Alpine Sikkim Himalaya; at Kongra Lama, alt. 14-16,000 ft., H. f. Root stout; stock dividing into a tuft of short branches and very short flowering. shoots. Hairs chiefly fixed by the middle, a few are 3-furcate. Flowers as in Z. de- flexum, Pods 3.in. long, broader and flatter and less keeled than in any other Indian species, sparsely appressed hairy. Seeds with capillary strict funicles as long as them-. selves; valves membranous, acute above, narrowed to a tapering base. EE Stem stout, erect, leafy ; pods 4-3 in. long. 4, BE. hieraciifolium, Zinn. ; stout or slender, green, hairs chiefly 2-forked appressed, leaves oblong sinuate-toothed upper ssesile, flowers +3 in. diam., pedicels equalling the sepals, pods strict erect narrow tetra- gonal scaberulous, pedicel stout upcurved, midrib strong, style short stout or slender. E. strictum, Gerin.; H. f.&T.in Journ. Linn. Soe. v. 166. E, rubustum, Don Prodr. 292; Wall. Cat. 4789. E. patens and E, gra-: cile, Gay Monog. Lrys. 9. Central and Western Himalaya, from Nipat, Wallich, to Margi, Fleming, alt. 6-13,000 ft.—Disrris. Siberia, Caucasus, N. Europe. : . Very variable, easily recognised amongst its Indian congeners by slender strict quite erect narrow linear pods, with upcurved stout pedicels, and distinct rather slender style. 5. EH. pachycarpum, Z.f. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc, v. 167; stem very robust tall angled branched, hairs scattered chiefly appressed 3-forked, leaves petioled lanceolate sinuate-toothed, pedicels much shorter than the sepals, flowers 3 in. diam., pods spreading very stout 4-angled on very thick 154 x. crucirers. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Zrysimum, pedicels } in. long minutely hairy, style thick 3, in., valves obtuse at both ends, i Temperate Srxxm-Himataya, in Lacken valley and Tungu, alt. 10-18,000 ft., Z. f.. . A remarkably stout, tall, erect plant, 13-2 ft. high. Stem many-angled ; branches, long. lowers bright orange yellow. Fetals obovate-spathulate. Pods 2-23 by 3 in.; valves obtusely keeled, obtuse at both ends; stigma large, capitate. Seeds small. 6. E. odoratum, Zhr.?; H.f. & 7. in Journ, Linn, Soc.v. 166 ; erect, robust, stem angular above, leaves oblong or lanceolate sinuate-toothed or- entire scaberulous, flowers 3-3 in. diam., pedicels half as lung as the sepals, Kasuanr, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Western Tiper, alt. 9000 ft. Hairs on the upper leaf-surface appressed, fixed by the middle, with a few 3-furcate. ones, on the lower both are mixed. ; 7. B. altaicum, (. A. Meyer?; H.f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 167; hoary with appressed hairs, stem short erect rather slender angled, leaves: petivled linear-lanceclate entire or sinuate-toothed, radical sometimes run- cinate, flowers large 2-4 in. diam., pedicels shorter than the sepals. Wesrern Hiavayva and Wesrern Tizer, alt. 7-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—Dis-' TRIB. Caucasus; Altai Mts. *#k* Stem sub-simple, stout, erect, leafy ; pods 3-5 in. long. 8. E. Thomsoni, 7. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 165; tall, hoary with 3-furcate hairs, leaves small linear-lanceolate obscurely toothed, pods 3-4 in. | long very narrow ;; in. broad, pedicel stout 3-4 in., valves acute hoary. acutely keeled, style 3, in. Western Himalaya; Kunawuvr, alt. 8-12,000 ft., Thomson. Best distinguished by its hoary branched habit, small narrow acute leaves, very long: hes with acutely keeled valves and rather long style—There is a smaller plant col-’ ected by Winterbottom in Kashmir on the Baramula pass, but it is not in fruit. 9. EB. longisiliquum, Z. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 166 ; annual}, tall, erect, robust, glabrous, stem acutely angled, leaves lanceclate obscurely, toothed, pedicels shorter than the sepals, pods spreading very slender linear, valves with a prominent keel, style 7,4 in. stout, pedicels 3 in. Temperate Sixxim-Himataya; at Tungu, alt. 10-13,000 ft., Hf. The tall robust habit, acutely angled stem, size of flower, and very long spreading pods (4-5 by 74 in.) best distinguish this, 22, CHRISTOLEA, Camb. A glabrous or pubescent perennial. Leaves fleshy, entire or coarsely toothed. lowers in a loose ebracteate raceme. Sepals short, suberect,. lateral slightly saccate at the base. Pods linear-lanceolate, flattened ; valves smovth I-nerved ; stigma minute, conical subentire. Seeds few, sub-2-. seriate, flattened, not margined ; cotyledons linear, incumbent. _L G. crassifolia, Cumbess, in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 17, t. 17; leaves cuneate- bovate acute or obtuse, deeply toothed towards the tip. H.f. & 7. in, Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 167. Western TipeET; alt. 12-15,000 ft., abundant. A much branched, fragile herb; hairs simple; branches deeumbent, stout. lowers 4 in. diam. ; pedicels $ in., hairy, erect. Petals } in., yellow with a purple base. Pods subsecund, 1-14 in., erect, flat, acute at both ends, nearly glabrous. Braya.| X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook, f. & T. Anderson.) 155 23. BRAYWA, Sternb. & Hoppe. Small tufted glabrous or hoary pubescent alpine perennials, with a branching rootstock. Leaves mostly radical, spathulate or linear, entire or toothed. Flowers purple, rose-coloured or white, solitary or racemed. Sepals short, equal at the base. Pods ovate-oblong or linear, subcylindric or slightly compressed ; valves convex, 1-nerved ; style short or long; stigma capitate. Seeds usually 2-seriate, few or many ovoid, wingless,—DIsTRIB. Species 12, alpine and arctic regions, the Andes. _1. B. uniflora, H. 7. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 168 ;' glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate quite entire, scapes short 1-flowered. Wesrern Tiser; in Nubra, alt. 15-17,000 ft., Thomson. Rootstock stout, fleshy, covered with bleached petioles, branched at the crown. Leaves fleshy, 1 in., petioled. Scapes many, about equalling the leaves, Pods linear, 4-4 in.; septum 2-nerved; style short. Seeds sub-2-seriate, many. 2, B. alpina, Sternd. & Hoppe; glabrous, leaves linear-spathulate, flowers capitate. Deless. Ic. Select, ii. t. 22. B, Thomsoni, H. f. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 168. B,? oxycarpa, H. f. & T. Lc. 169. Western Tiser; Piti, alt. 12-13,000 ft., Thomson, Stewart—Duisraie. European high Alps, arctic regions. . : . Root stout, fleshy, long. Leaves tufted, $in, Scapes 1-4 in., leafless, or with few linear leaves. Flowers white or purple; pedicels 2 in. Pods erect, linear- or elliptic- lanceolate, straight or curved, acute, glabrous ; style usually long and slender. Seeds 1-2-seriate.—Very variable; the arctic American 8. glabella is hardly distinct from it. 3. B. rosea, Bunge; Led, Fl. Ross. i, 194; glabrous or puberulous, leaves narrowly linear-oblong, flowers crowded corymbose, pods very short elliptic. A. f. & T.in Journ, Linn, Soc. v. 169. Alpine Himalaya, from Sixxm to Kunawor, alt. 15-17,000 ft.; Western Tier, alt. 14-18,000 ft.—Disrris. Altai Mts. and arctic Siberia. @ , Very similar to B. alpina, differing chiefly in the shorter pods (3+ in.), and leafless scapes. Seeds 8-12 in each capsule ; style variable in length. 4, B. tibetica, H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 168 ; hoary or pu- bescent, leaves narrow-linear, scapes naked, flowers subcapitate, petals minute, pods short ovate. . Western Trpet; alt. 13-18,000 ft., Thomson. . : : ; Rather rigid, purplish; rootstock much divided, clothed with withered petioles. Leaves erect, rarely spathulate, with 2-3 spreading teeth about the midrib; margins ciliate, rarely glabrous. Scapes many, 2-24 in., rarely 1-leafed. Sepals: hairy, edges membranous, white or red. Petals hardly exceeding the sepals, Pods } in. long, rarely glabrous ; style long. : 24, BRASSICA, Linn. _ Glabrous or hispid herbs; rootstock often woody, Leaves large, pinna- tifid or lyrate, rarely entire. /Zowers yellow, in long racemes. Sepals erect; or spreading, lateral usually saccate at the base. Pods elongate, terete or angular, often with an indehiscent 1-seeded beak; valves convex, 1-3-, nerved, lateral nerves flexuose; style beaked or ensifurm ; stigma truncate: or 2lobed. Seeds 1-seriate, globose or subcompressed ; cotyledons incum- bent, concave or conduplicate, the radicle within the jongitudinal fold.— Distrip, Species about 0 ; temperate regions of the Old World. } 1 156 X. CRUCIFERE, (Hook.f. & T. Anderson.) — | Brassica,- Sect. I. Melanosinapis. Sepals spreading. Pods terete or sub-tetra- gonal ; valves 1-nerved ; beak slender, seedless. 3 1. B. nigra, Koch. ; leaves all petioled, lower lyrate, upper entire, racemes naked, pods slender appressed to the stem. H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170. Sinapis nigra, Linn. ; Wall. Cat. 4790. 8. erysimoides, Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 123, Cultivated in various parts of India and Tibet. . Annual, 2-3 ft. high, rigid, branched, more or less hispid. Leaves 4-8 in. Flowers -4-4in.diam., bright yellow. Pod }-4 in., subulate; valves keeled, torulose; cells 3-5-seeded. Seeds oblong. Szot. I]. Bubrassica. Sepals erect. Pod sessile, cylindric, beak 0 or conical, seedless ; valves l-nerved. (The Cabbage, B. oleracea, with its cul- tivated forms, the Kale, Sprouts, Cole-rabi, Cauliflower and Broccoli, belong to this section.) 2. B. campestris, Linn. ; erect, lower leaves lyrate, upper auricled, flowers corymbose, beak of pod flat seedless. AH. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc, v.169. Sinapis brassicata, Linn. §. dichotoma and 8. glauca, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 117, 118. Cultivated throughout India. An erect, stout, simple or branched, glabrous or slightly hispid annual, 1-8 ft. high. Leaves large, petioled, more or less pinnatifid, upper oblong or lanceolate. Flowers large, bright yellow; pedicels 3 in., ascending or spreading. Pods 14-3 in., glabrous, suberect ; valves with midrib and flexuous veins. Seeds small, smooth, pale or dark. Sussp. 1. caMPESTRIS proper; root tuberous, leaves glaucous, radical hispid, upper glabrous, petals persistent till the corymb lengthens.—(Swedish Turnip.) Sussp. 2. Napus, Linn. (sp.); root fusiform, leaves al] glabrous and glaucous, petals eee aes before the corymb lengthens.—(Rape, Cole seed ; yields Colza and Carcel oils, ) Sussr. 3. Rapa, Linn. (sp.); root tuberous, lower leaves hispid not glaucous, upper glaucous and glabrous, petals deciduous.—Common Turnip. 3. B. trilocularis, H. f. & JT. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170; lower leaves lyrate, cauline amplexicaul auricled, pods pendulous long-beaked 3-4- valved, Sinapis trilocularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 121. Subtropical Central and Eastern Himalaya, Nrpaz, Sixxim, and Assam, in fields. Habit of subspecies Napus, but easily distinguished by the remarkable pendulous 8-4 celled and valved pods, which are 24-3 in. long; beak 1} in., terete, tapering; valves with midrib and flexuous lateral nerves. Seeds large, globose, smooth, pale or dark. 4. B. quadrivalvis, H. f. & 7. in Journ, Linn, Soc. v. 169; habit and foliage of B. trilocwaris, but pods smaller, on erect short pedicels, 4-celled’ and valved, beak flattened. . Cultivated fields of B. campestris in the Uprar Ganceric valley ; banks of the Soane, H. f. Sect. III. Brassicoides. Sepals erect. Pods sessile, beak seed-bearing ; valves 1-ribbed. 5, B. Tournefortii, Gouan ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 393; radical leaves hispid runcinate-lyrate, cauline linear-lanceolate, flowers small pale yellow, pods short compressed. B. Stucksii, H.f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 171. Urrzr Ganceric valley; between Ajmir and Delhi, Jacquemont; Western T1set (cultivated), Hdgeworth.—Distnis. Westward to Spain and Italy. Brassica.) X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 157 An erect, branching, hispid or glabrate annual, 1 ft. high. Radical leaves petioled crowded, spreading on the ground, hispid with white hairs, lobes toothed ; cauline entire or pinnatifid. Pods 2} in, erect, glabrous, linear, compressed, torulose, beak in, linear, slightly tapering, obtuse usually 1-seeded; valves with a central and many istant lateral nerves. Seeds compressed. Sect. IV. Ceratosinapis. Sepals spreading. Pods slightly compressed ‘beak subulate usually seedless ; valves 3-ribbed. Seeds Slahore. P : 6, B.juncea, H.f. dé T.in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170; erect, glabrous, lower leaves oblong-lanceolate toothed, upper narrow, pods suberect torulose, beak long seedless, lateral nerves flexuous. B. Willdenovii, Boiss. in Ann, Sc, Nat. 1842, p. 88. Sinapis juncea, Linn, §&. integrifolia, Willd. 8. ramosa, rugosa and cuneifolia, Roxb, Fl. [nd. iii. 119-124, Euieered in India abundantly.—Disrnin. Cult. westward to Egypt, and eastward to China, : A tall erect branching annual, rarely glaucous, or hispid (at the base only), Lower leaves petioled, sometimes pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate, toothed, subsessile. Flowers smaen yellow. Pods } in., linear-lanceolate; beak straight, flattened, 4 in.; valves with a prominent midrib. Seeds small, dark, rugose. 7. B. alba, H./. & T. ; stem hispid, leaves pubescent pinnatisect, upper segments confluent, pods spreading cylin-tric torulose usually hirsute, beak very long, decurrent along the pod, 1-seeded. B. foliosa, Willd. Enum. 688. Sinapis alba, Linn. Cultivated fields at Ferozepore in the Poxsas, Thomson—Disreie. From Syria eastward throughout 8. Europe. An erect annual, 2 ft. high, with a hispid or rarely glabrous stem. Leaves all petioled, usually hispid; segments ovate, toothed or lobulate. Pods about 1 in., stalked, spreading, ‘cylindric, beak half as long, flattened, sometimes 2-seeded, valves and base of the beak white with hispid hairs. Sinapis patens, Roxb. Fl, Ind, iii. 124, isa Nasturtium. 25. DIPLOTAXIS, DC. Annual or biennial branching herbs. eaves pinnatifid. Flowers yellow ‘pink or purple. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Pods elongate, linear, compressed, sometimes with a short l-seeded beak ; valves l-nerved ; style generally slender, stigma simple or 2-lobed. Steeds numerous, 2-seriate, oblong, compressed or subglobose ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate.— Distrre. Species about 20; Mediterranean region, Western and Central Asia. ‘: A genus closely allied to Brassica but differing in the flat pods, biseriate seeds, often pilose sepals, and pink or purple flowers. 1.D. Griffithii, H.f. & J. ; hispid, lower leaves oblong entire or cut, ‘flowers large, pedicels slender, style very stout. Brassica Griffithi, HZ. /. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 171; Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 389. Kalebag in the Salt Range of the Pongas, Fleming.—Disrris. Affghanistan and Beluchistan. : A robust, erect, branched annual, 1-3 ft. high, hispid especially below with spreading or reflexed hairs. Lower leaves shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, entire to thed lobed or pinnatifid ; upper lanceolate, less divided Flowers purplish or white. Pods 14-2} in., erect, linear.—Dr. Anderson was disposed to unite with this D. acris, Boiss. (Hesperts, Forsk) a native of Arabia and N, Africa. 158 X. CRUCIFERZ, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Eruca, 26, BERUCA, Tourn. Erect branching herbs, Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. lowers lilac or yellow, veined with violet. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals veined. Pods closely adpressed to the axis, ovoid-oblong, turgid, terete, with a large ensiform seedless beak ; valves concave, 3-nerved ; stigma simple. Seeds numerous, 2-seriate, globose; cotyledons conduplicate—Duistris. Three species, inhabiting the Mediterranean region and W. Asia. 1, B. sativa, Lamk. ; Brassica Eruca, Linn. ; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 171. B. erucoides, Rowb. Fl. Ind, iii, 117. Cultivated places in Norruzrn and Cenrrat Inpra, the Western Hiwaraya, ascending to 10,000 ft., and Urrer Ganeetic valley —Duisrris. Westward to the Canaries. Glaucous, glabrous, or subhispid. Stem 6-18 in. Leaves variously toothed, rarely obovate and subentire. Flowers large, pale yellow or white and veined. Sepals often tipped with hairs. Pods 1 in., erect and appressed to the stem; pedicels shorter than the calyx; valves twice as long as the broad flattened peak. i 27, MORICANDIA, DC. Smooth glaucous branched herbs, often woody at the base. eaves entire, amplexicaul or pinnatisect. lowers rather large, violet, purple or rose coloured. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Petals clawed. Pods linear, elongate, subtetragonal, with or without a flattened 1-seeded beak ; valves flat or bluntly keeled, 1- rarely many-nerved ; stigmatic lobes united into a short cone. Seeds numerous, 1-2-seriate, compressed, sometimes winged ; cotyledons incumbent, conduplicate.—Disrris. Species about 5, natives of the Mediterranean region, Arabia, and W. Asia. 1, M. arvensis, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 626; glaucous, glabrous, leaves ob- ovate obtuse, cauline amplexicaul, pods tetragonal compressed, beak broad, seeds small sub-2-seriate. A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 172. Brassica arvensis, Linn. Stewart.—Disrriz. Westward to Persia, Arabia, and the Mediterranean region. Biennial, or a perennial of short duration. Leaves 2—4 in., shortly petioled ; cauline ovate or oblong with large clasping auricles. "lowers few, large, shortly pedicelled, in a loose long raceme. Petals rose-coloured, much larger than the sepals. Pods 2-3 in, very narrow, erect; valves nerved ; style usually broad, thickened, acute, sometimes long and slender. 2, M. tortuosa, H. /. & 7. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 172; leaves elliptic- oblong, cauline-sessile, pods long subcylindric, beak cylindric acute, seeds l-seriate. Douepia tortuosa, Cambess. in Jacy. Voy. Bot. 18, t. 18. Salt plains of the Puxsaz, West of the Indus, Jacquemont; Satur Ranex. Fleming. An erect, glaucous, glabrous, branched perennial, 1-2 ft. high. Stem below thick, woody, sometimes tortuose. Leaves thick, mucronate, entire or crenate-sinuate ; lower 8-5 in., narrowed into a broad petiole. Flowers few, large, erect, scattered along a lengthened raceme. Petals pale rose coloured, nearly twice the length of the sepals. Feds erect, or ascending, linear; beak } in.; style short, covical pointed ; valves convex, striated, margins prominent, Seeds subglobose. : : Onpsella.] =X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) -189 28, CAPSELLA, Mench, Small branched annuals or perennials, Radical leaves entire or pinnatifid. Flowers small, white, racemed. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals short. Pods obcordate cuneate ovate or oblong, laterally compressed ; valves convex or boat-shaped ; septum very narrow ; style short, Seeds numerous, 2-seriate, narrowly margined: cotyledons incumbent.—Disrrip. Species 6, natives of N. and 8. temperate regions. 1, ©. Bursa-pastoris, Mench., ; leaves rosulate pinnatifid, pod trian- gular or obcordate. H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 172. Cultivated places thronghout temperate India.—Distris. A weed of cultivation. Glabrous or hairy ; hairs branched ; root long, tapering. Stems 6-16 in., branched. Leaves pinnatifid, rarely entire, upper lobe triangular, cauline auricled. Flowers zy in. ‘diam. Pods 3-4 in.; pedicels slender; style short; valves smooth. Seeds many, oblong, punctate. \ 2. G. elliptica, C.A. M. ; Led. Fl. Ross. i. 199 ; annual, glabrous, stems | slender decumbent and ascending, leaves entire or pinnatifid, pods ovate- oblong truncate. H. f. & 1. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 172. C. procumbens, Bows. Fl, Orient. i, 340. Hutchinsia procumbens, Lesv. Western Tizer, alt. 14,000 ft., Thomson.—Distris. Westward to S. Europe and N. Africa (Australia, Chili, perhaps introduced). Stems 2-10 in., numerous from the root, filiform, flexuous. Leaves $-4in., radical péetioled, oblong or spathulate; upper more sessile, linear, entire. lowers minute, white, in elongating racemes with a capillary rachis. Pods distant, $- in., on long ‘ capillary horizontal pedicels ; valves boat-shaped. Seeds many, minute. 3, G. Thomsoni, ZH. f. in Journ. Ininn. Soc. v. 173; perennial, hoary- tomentose, branches spreading from the root, leaves pinnatisect, racemes . leafy, pod broadly oblong truncate at both ends. Hutchinsia tibetica, Thomson in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 900. Western Tiset, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Nubra, Strachey ; Ladak, ‘Thomson. ‘Root long, fusiform, almost woody, crowned by a short stock that emits many pro- strate leafy branches, 2-6 in. long, with ascending tips. Leaves sessile, }—1 in., linear- oblong, segments lanceolate. Flowers crowded, white, in the axils of leafy bracts, very shortly pedicelled. Pods ‘ in.; valves much compressed, obscurely keeled veined ; stigma sessile, minute. Seeds numerous, very small, funicles slender.—A very curious plant, quite unlike its congeners, with the habit of the Siberian Hutchinsia calycina, Desv. (Smelowskia, C. A. M.) : 299. LEPIDIUM, Linn. Diffuse or erect herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, with entire or divided leaves. Flowers small, white, ebracteate. Sepals short, equal at the base. Petals sometimes 2-4 or 0. Stamens 6, 4, or 0. Pods ovate or oblong, rarely glo- bose, usually orbicular, laterally much compressed, tip notched or entire; valves boat-shaped, keeled or winged ; septum narrow, membranous, Seeds solitary in each cell; cotyledons incumbent (in the Indian species).—D1s- TRIB. Species about 80, chiefly European and Asiatic. Secr. I. Gardamum. Pods ovate or oblong, notched at the tip ; valves Winged. Cotyledons divided, . 1. L. sativum, Linn. ; erect, radical leaves 2-pinnatisect, pods orbi- ¢ular-ovate, wings narrow. H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 174 (Cress.). 160 x. cRUCIFERA. (Hook. f. &T. Anderson.) — [Lepidium. Cultivated throughout India and Western Tibet. : f : A glabrous erect annual, 6-18 in. Radical leaves long petioled; cauline sessile and usually entire. Flowers small, in long racemes, white. Pods deeply notched ; pedicels appressed.—Not known in an indigenous state. Srct. IL Cardaria. Pod transversely oblong, tip entire ; valves turgid, wingless. 2, I. Draba, Linn. ; pubescent, perennial, leaves oblong repand-toothed, “upper with sagittate auricles. H.f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 173, L, chalepense, Schrenk., and L. repens, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 356. A weed of cultivation in the Punsas.—Disrri. Westwards to Europe. : Stem 1-3 ft., simple or branched, flexuous. Leaves 1-3 in., lower petioled, uppe™ with converging auricles. Flowers} in. diam., white, in branched panicles. Pod $in., -deltoid with rounded angles, constricted between the papillose valves, of which one is often imperfect ; pedicels spreading. Sect. III. Lepidiastrum. fod elliptic or ovoid, tip entire ; valves wingless. 3. L. latifolium, Jinn. ; perennial, erect, glaucous, radical leaves oblong serrate, pod ovoid. A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 173. Western Tiset, abundant.—Disrris. Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. Africa. An erect, branched, glabrous or pubescent leafy almost shrubby herb, 2~4 ft. high. Radical leaves petioled, often 1 ft. long, upper cauline sessile. Flowers minute, in short densely panicled bracteate corymbs. Pods +'5 in. long ; pedicels short, spreading. Var. pLatycarpa, Trautv. ; leaves rather fleshy entire indistinctly 3-nerved, flowers goa pods orbicular slightly pilose and reticulate—Wuxstern Tiset, Thomson, tewart. ~ Szcr. IV. Dileptium. od elliptic or oblong, tip retuse or notched ; valves keeled, wingless or winged at the tip only. ; 4, &. ruderale, Linn.; annual, lower leaves 2-pinnatifid, flowers apetalous diandrous, pod orbicular-oblong flat, valves winged at the tip. H. f. & T. Journ. Linn. Soe. v. 175. Temperate Western Tunez, alt. 7~13,000 ft., Thomson.—Disrri. Westward through- out Europe. : : Erect or diffuse, glabrous or pubescent. Radical leaves much divided, segments narrow ; upper cauline linear, entire. Flowers minute in terminal and lateral corymbs. Pod 3-5 in. ; pedicels slender, diverging. Seeds compressed. 5. L. capitatum, 4.f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. 175; prostrate, leafy, leaves sessile upper cuneate-oblong toothed beyond the middle, flowers tetrandrous in dense lateral capitate racemes, pods of ZL, ruderale L. incisum, Ldgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 33 (not of Ledebour). Temperate and subalpine Himalaya, from Suxgim to Kusaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft. Glabrous or glandular-pubescent; branches 6-8 in., stout. Radical leaves shortly petioled, pinnatisect, lobes oblong. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. Pods py in, ovate, anes notched; valves keeled, wingless, sessile. Seeds mucilaginous when moistened. 30. DILOPHIA, Thoms. A dwarf glabrous fleshy herb, with a long tapering perennial root, and tufted spathulate or linear, entire or toothed leaves. /owers numerous, small, Dilophia.| x, cructrerm. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 161 white, in densely contracted sessile subumbellate racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base, Petals spathulate, retuse or toothed. Pods very short com- pressed on the 4 sides, obcordate ; valves gibbous at the back, with a double crest ; septum broad, perforated, ultimately disappearing. Seeds 2-4 in each cell, oblong, wingless, on short thickened cords ; cotyledons incumbent. 1, D. salsa, Thoms. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. v. 20, and iv. t. 12. In salt marshes in Western Trpet, alt. 12~17,000 ft.—Disrriz, Tian Schan Mts. - Foot simple, giving off many stout spreading stems at the crown. “Sepals and petals ersisting round the opening pods.—Specimens collected by Baron Von CEsten Sacken in the Tian Schan Mts., and which Ruprecht described in his Sertum Tianshanicum, differ but slightly from the Tibetan ones. 31. MEGACARPZZA, DC. Large coarse perennial herbs, with a thick fleshy root and stem, and large 2-pinnate radical leaves. lowers racemed or subcorymbose, white or violet coloured. Sepals equal at the base, Petals oblong, entire. Stamens 6 or numerous, filaments not toothed. Pods large, indehiscent, didymous, much flattened at the sides; walyves orbicular, broadly winged ; stigma sessile.’ Seeds large, solitary in each cell, much flattened, not winged ; cotyledons accumbent.—Distris. Species 3, 2 Tibetan the 3rd Caspian. 1, M. polyandra, Benth. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. 1855, vii. 356, t: 7; leaf-segments incised and toothed, stamens 10-16, pods notched at the base and tip, lobes orbicular. A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 176. Western Tiser; Balti, alt. 10,500 ft, Winterbottom ; Western Himalaya, Kumaon, alt. 12,000 ft., Strachey d& Winterbottom. : Root as thick as the wrist, annulate. Stem 1-2 ft., as thick as the thumb below, branched above. Leaves 1-2 ft., a span broad; segments very irregular, sharply toothed. Inflorescence much branched, puberulous; flowers cup-shaped, 4 in. diam., shorter than their pedicels, white. Filaments stout, fleshy, subulate.- Ovary broadly obovate, base dilated into the fleshy lobed disk; stigma, entire, discoid. Pod 2 in. diam.; wings nearly as broad as the cell, veined. Seed reniform. 2. M. bifida, Benth. 1.c. 357; leaf-segments lanceolate quite entire, sta- mens 7-11, pods deeply 2-lobed, lobes obovate at length conniving. H. Si & T, in Journ, Linn. Soc, v. 176. ; eo Tier, in the Kishengunga valley, alt. 7400 ft., Winterbottom; Deotsu, ner. Stem 12-18 in., stout, stiff, erect. Leaves with decurrent quite entire lobes 2-3 in. Jong, acute or acuminate. Pods 2-3 in. diam., lobes broadly obliquely obovate, sinus . acute, wings equalling $¢ of the cell—Specimens very imperfect, Winterbottom has only a fragment of a leaf well preserved, with quite entire lobes. Falconer’s specimens are so shrivelled as to be hardly recognizable, and the accompanying leaves, which are toothed, probably belong to UU. polyandra. 32. THLASPYI, Linn. Annual or perennial herbs. Zeaves entire or toothed, the upper often clasping the stem. Flowers racemose, small, white or rarely pale rose. Sepals small, erect, equal at the base, Petals equal or nearly so. Pod orbi- cular obovate or obcordate, laterally compressed, emarginate, rarely acute ; valves boat-shaped, keeled or broadly winged ; septum narrow, membranous, VoL. M 162 x. crucIFEREZ. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson) [ Thlaspi, style short or long. Seeds 2 or more in each cell, not winged ; radicle ac- cumbent.—Distrip. Species about 30; natives of temperate Europe, Asia, and N. America, 1. T. arvense, Linn. ; glabrous, annual, erect, leaves obovate oblong ‘toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds concentrically grooved. Hf & T. tn Journ. Innn. Soc. v. 176. A weed of cultivation throughout the temperate and subalpine Hmanaya, ascending to 14,000 ft.—Disrais. Europe, Asia, always in cultivated places. ‘ Stem 6-18 in., simple or corymbosely branched above. Radical leaves petioled, soon withering ; cauline 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, usually acute, toothed ; auricles sagittate. Fruiting racemes elongate ; pedicels spreading, a little longer than the pods. Pods 4-3 in. diam., much flattened, obovate-orbicular, wing very broad, notch deep, some- times closed by the overlapping of the sides. Seeds 5-6 in each cell. 2, Y, cardiocarpum, H./. & 7. in Journ. Proc, Linn, Soc. 176 ; annual, erect, leaves broadly oblong obscurely toothed, cauline amplexicaul, seeds smooth. Kasur, alt. 59000 ft.—Disrrie. Affghanistan.. Slightly glaucous, less robust than the preceding. Stem 6-12 in.; branches basal, few, tall, erect. Radical leaves shortly petioled; cauline ovate or oblong, obtuse, erect; auricles broadly sagittate. acemes elongate in fruit, pedicels } in. Pods broadly notched at the tip; valves with a membrauous reticulated wing, broad and rounded above. Seeds 4-5 in each cell.—Closely allied to and perhaps identical with T. Kots. chyanwm, Boiss., of which we have not seen ripe fruit. 3. . alpestre, Linn.; perennial, tufted, radical leaves oblong or ovate, cauline cordate amplexicaul, pods triangular-obcordate, seeds smooth. -H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177. T. cochleariforme, DC. T. Grif- fithianum, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 329. ; Temperate and subalpine Hmmanaya and Wzstern Trser from Sixxm to Kasaurr, alt. 7-12,000 ft.; in Sikkim only on the dry inner ranges.—Disrris. Alps of Europe, Asia, America; Andes. - Stem 4-12 in., stiff, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, erect, simple or branched. Root- stock often branching and shortly creeping near the surface. Ladical leaves sometimes almost orbicular, cauline oblong or obovate-cordate; auricles small obtuse. Flowers rather large, white; racemes much elongated in fruit; pedicels horizontal, as long as: the pods. Pods } in., narrowed at the base, broadly not deeply notched; valves com- pressed, wing very narrow below, broader above; angles rounded, outer often sharp; style equalling the notch or projecting beyond it. Seeds 4-8 in each cell. 4, T. cochlearioides, 7.f.é T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v.177: small, decumbent, glabrous, perennial, radical leaves very long-petioled orbicular- ovate, scape flexuous decumbent few-flowered, pods oblong curved and twisted, Interior of the Sikkim Himalaya, alt. 14-16,000 ft., Hf. Somewhat fleshy. ootstock slender, branching above and sparingly covered with the fibrous bases of the old petioles. Stems few, 1-2 in., weak, decumbent or suberect, with 2 or 3 small sessile ovate leaves. Radical leaves loosely tufted, petioles slender, slightly toothed, under side pitted. Flowers small, white, in a short corymb. ie % in., racemose, emarginate; valves compressed, narrowly bordered; style short, slender. 33. IBERIDELLA, Boiss. Glabrous herbs or small undershrubs, branching from the base. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, upper generally amplexicaul with sagittate auri- Iberidella.| x. CRUCIVERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 168 cles, Flowers white or rose-coloured, racemose. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at_the base. Petals equal, Pod compressed, oblong-lanceolate, acute ; valves keeled, without wings ; septum narrow, membranous ; style elongate. Seeds 2 to 6 in each cell, not margined ; cotyledons obliquely accumbent.— Distr. Species 6, W. Asiatic. 1, I. Andersoni, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 177; radical leaves short petioled tufted ovate-oblong, cauline oblong obtuse. Western Himalaya in Kumaon, Strachey and Winterbottom; and Garwuat, T. Anderson; alt. 12-16,000 ft., in wet grassy places. : Root slender, branching above. Stems erect, 2-4 in. high, simple or branched from the base ; fowerless shoots weak, decumbent. Radical leaves indistinctly toothed; cauline with small cordate auricles ; leaves of the barren shoots broadly ovate or almost orbicular, shortly petioled. Flowers numerous, racemed, rather large, white or pale rose. Pods (immature) 4 in., much flattened, narrow, lanceolate, curved, acute ; valves wingless ; style very short, acute, tapering from the base. 34. ISATIS, Linn. Erect, tall, branching annuals or biennials, with petioled radical leaves ; cauline sessile sagittate. 2lowers small, yellow, in loose terminal racemes. Sepals equal at the base, spreading. Petals equal, entire. Pod flat, oblong, obovate or cuneate-oblong rarely suborbicular, 1-celled, indehiscent ; centre hard, often depressed; margin membranous foliaceous or thickened ; stigma sessile. Seed solitary, pendulous, oblong; cotyledons incumbent, rarely accumbent.—Distris. Species about 30, natives of the Mediterranean region, and Central and W. Asia. 1. I. tinctoria, Zinn.; biennial, radical leaves entire or coarsely toothed, cauline glabrous, pods ‘cuneate-oblong 1-ribbed, pedicel not thickened at the tip. Hf. & 7. im Journ, Linn. Soc, v. 178. Cultivated places; Western Tree, Falconer.—Distais. Westward to Europe and the Canary Islands. Erect, somewhat glaucous and glabrous with a few hairs near the base. Stem 14-8 ft., stout, thick, much branched above. adical leaves 2-5 in., petioled, from obovate to oblong-lanceolate, cauline narrow, 1-2 in. long, entire, auricles acute, sagit- tate. Flowers small, yellow, racemed in a many-branched panicle ; pedicels glabrous, very slender, recurved after flowering. Pods 4-% in., glabrous, rounded at the tip, tapering to the base ; midrib thickened at the centre of the pod. 2. I. costata, C. A. Mey. in Led. Fl. Alt. iii. 204 ; annual, glaucous, radical leaves obovate or oblong entire, cauline ciliate, pods elliptic-oblong 3-ribbed, pedicel thickened at the tip. H. f.& 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 170. Western Tiner; valley of the Kishengunga in Balti, alt. 4-7000 ft., Winterbottom ; Gores, Falconer —Distr1z. Altai mountains, Soongaria, Caspian region to the Volga. Stem 8 ft., thick, erect, branched above. Radical leaves 3-5 in., tip rounded, base tapering into « short petiole; cauline linear-oblong, 2-4 in., uppermost linear, 4 in., margins and midrib beneath ciliate. Racemes loosely panicled; pedicels glabrous, spreading or recurved, subsecund. Pods 4 in., rounded at the tip, glabrous, 35, TAUSCHERIA, Fisch. An erect, glabrous, branching annual. Leaves entire, stem-clasping. flowers small, yellow, in corymbose panicles, Sepals erect, enn at the M 164 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Tauscheria, base. Pods short, boat-shaped, concave above, eonvex below, centre crustaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled with a broad wing folded inwards at the edges and prolonged into a short triangular style. Seed solitary, pendulous from the top of the cell, cotyledons incumbent. 1. ‘Z. lasiocarpa, DC. Prodr.i. 210. T. desertorum, Led. Jc. Pl. Fl. Ross, t. 139 ; Royle Ill. 72, t.17; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe. v. 178, Kuwawor in the Western Himalaya and Western Tiser, alt. 10-13,000 ft —D1s- tae. Soongaria and the Caspian region. Stem 1 ft., seldom branching from below. Leaves ovate-oblong, radical subpetioled, cauline with cordate auricles. lowers in a loose corymbose panicle; pedicels re- curved in fruit. Pods 4 in., thickly glandular-hairy—aAll the Tibetan and Himalayan specimens have pubescent pods and hence belong to var. lastocarpa; plants with glabrous pods occur ,in Soongaria and the Caspian region, apparently associated with var. lasiocarpa, 86. DIPTERYGIUM, Dcne. A virgate rigid much branched shrub with the habit of a Cleome, the branches ending in few-flowered racemes. Leaves small, ovate-oblong, entire. lowers small, few, iin bracteate racemes. Sepals short, equal at the base. Stamens free ; filaments entire, 1-celled, ellipsoid, compressed laterally, indehiscent, coriaceous, surrounded by a smenibranous wing. Seed solitary, erect, winged ; cotyledons concave, incumbent. 1. D. glaucum, Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 2, iv. 67; Hf. & T. an Journ, Linn. -Soc. y. 179 ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 417. Isatis spartioides, Edgew. mss, In the Punsas, near-Mooltan, Hdgeworth.—Distris. Arabia, N.E. Africa. A shrub, 6-12 in.,with many divaricate branches, glabrous, or the leaves and stem slightly rough with viscid glands. Leaves few, $-4 in. long, shortly petioled. Flowers subsessile ; bracts scaly, #5 in. Pods 4 in., transversely wrinkled, drooping. 37. NESLIA, Desv. An annual herb, with branched pubescence. Leaves entire or sinuate- toothed, cauline sagittate. lowers small, yellow, in ebracteate panicled racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Petals entire. Pods shortly stalked, subglobose, slightly flattened, coriaceous, indehiscent. Seed soli- tary ; cotyledons ineumbent. : 1. N. paniculata, Desv. Journ. iii, 162; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc, v. 179 ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 371. ' In the Pongas-Himauaya, from Hazara to the Beas, Stewart; Kasusnr, alt. 5-6000 ft.—Duisrris. In fields; Persia, Western Asia, temperate Europe. Stem 1-14 ft., erect, rather slender, simple below. Radical leaves 1-2 in., oblong- lanceolate, cauline shorter, auricles sagittate. lowers numerous, on long slender spreading glabrous pedicels, Pods a little broader than long, reticulated, glabrous; style slender, sharp. ar 38. EUGLIDIUM, Br. Branching, leafy, rigid annuals, with forked or branched pubescence. Leaves entire coarsely toothed or pinnatifid. /lowers small, white, in terminal or lateral, ebracteate racemes. Sepals spreading, equal at the base. Pods small, erect, subsessile, subglghose, crowned by an oblique subulate beak, Euclidium.] x. cRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T, Anderson.) 165 hard and crustaceous, indehiscent, rarely dehiscent, 2-celled ; septum thick, Seeds 2, oblong, pendulous; cotyledons accumbent or obliquely incumbent,— Distriz, Species 2, central and western Asia, 1. HE. syriacum, Ff. Br. in Hort. Kew. ed. 2, iv.74; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 179 ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i, 386; Groff. Itin. Notes 272, No. 631. Kasumir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Winterbottom; Punzas, at Peshawur, Stewart.—Disrris. Westwards to central Europe. . Diffuse, much branched, 4-12 in. high, with 2-3-furcate hairs or glabrous; branches stout, rigid when old. Leaves 1-4 in., petioled, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers distantly subspicate; pedicels very short, much thickened in fiuit. Pods 1 in. long, pitted, hairy ; beak (style) stout, obliquely reflexed, mucronate. 39. CRAMBE, Tourn. Stout herbs or undershrubs, glabrous or pilose. Leaves pinnate lyrate or toothed. Facemes elongate, ebracteate, usually panicled. Flowers conspi- cuous, white. Sepals spreading, equal at the base ; filaments of the longer stamens frequently toothed at the top. Pods indehiscent, articulate, the upper joint globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; lower seedless forming a pedicel to the upper joint. Seed globose, pendulous from the incurved tip of the funicle, which rises from the base of the cell; cotyledons conduplicate.— Distriz. Species about 20, European and temp. Asiatic. 1, G. cordifolia, Stev. in Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosg. iii. 267; H.f.& T. in Journ. Linn, Soc, v. 180; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 405. C. Kotschyana, Boiss, Orient. i. 406. Kunawor in the Western Himalaya, and in Western Trzer, alt. 10-14,000 ft.— Distr. Westward to Persia and the Caucasus. oe : A tall stout bristly hairy perennial. Stem striated. Rootstock thick. Radical leaves on stout petioles, 1-2 in., petiole striated and dilated at the base, rounded and cordate, laciniate and variously toothed ; cauline on shorter petioles, ovate elliptic or rhomboid, toothed or lobed. acemes loosely panicled. Pods globose, upper part pisiform, crustaceous.—Some Tibetan specimens have broader petals and shorter stamens (with the filaments of the long stamens almost simple) than are found in the Affghan and Caucasian; but these plants agree in all other respects. Stocks says the root is eaten in Beluchistan, 40. PHYSORHYNCUWS, Hook. A glabrous, glaucous, leafy undershrub. Leaves fleshy, lower petioled, upper auricled. lowers large, white, in elongated distantly flowered . ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, equal at the base. Pods indehiscent jointed, the lower joint longitudinally 2-celled, seedless, with small spurious valves ; upper joint large, ovoid, with a’ long conical beak (style) 2celled, with thick Teewnase walls ; cells 2-4-seeded ; septum thin ; stigma subcapitate, . Seeds flattened, pendulous from the side of the cells; coty- ledons eonduplicate. _ 1. BP. brahvicus, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 821 and 822, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i, 403 (with syn.). P. chamzrapistrum, Boiss, ic. Ponsaz, in the Salt Range, Vicary.—Disrris. Westwards to Southern Persia. 4 An erect perennial, about 2, ft. high. Leaves 1-4 in., ovate-oblong, entire- or reper - toothed, tip rounded or acute, lower petioled ; cauline narrowed at the base, sligl 4a decurrent and auricled, uppermost linear-lanceolate. Pedicels erect, 4 in, a hit e thickened at the top. Pods 4-3 in. 166 X. CRUCIFERE. (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) [Raphanus. - 41. RAPHANUS, Linn. Coarse, rough or glabrous annuals or biennials, Leaves lyrate-pinnate or ag "Flowers large, yellow, white or pale lilac, veined with purple, in long ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, lateral ones saccate at the base. Pods indehiscent, elongate, terete, thick, continuous or constricted, with a long tapering pointed beak, continuous within or filled with pith separating the seeds. Seeds pendulous, globose ; cotyledons conduplicate.—DistRis. Species about 6, European and Asiatic. 1, R. sativus, LZ.; DC. Prodr, i. 228 ; lower leaves lyrate. (Radish.) Cultivated throughout India, and up to 16,000 ft. in the Himalaya.—Disrers, With cultivation throughout the temperate and warm zones. : Root fleshy, variable in size and form. Leaves roughly pilose. lowers variable, usually white or lilac with purple veins. Pods terete, continuous, 1 in. to 2 ft. (2. cau- datus, L.).—The variety (2. caudatus), with whip-like pods as long as the entire plant, is commonly cultivated in Western India and the Punjab. The younger Linneus (Pl. Rar. Hort. Upsal, Dec. i. t. 10,fan excellent figure) gives Java as the country from whence the seeds of caudatus were received, under the name “ Mougrti.” R. Raphanistrum, Linn., can scarcely be distinguished from R. sativus, and is probably only the wild state of it. 42. GOLDBEACHTIA, DC. A glabrous, glaucous, branched annual. Lower leaves petioled, upper auricled. Flowers small, pale rose, in elongate, ebracteate racemes. Sepals erect, equal atthe base. Pods coriaceous, indehiscent, tetragonal, slightly constricted between the seeds, but scarcely jointed, curved, tapering above into a broad flattened beak; cells 2 or 3, superimposed in one row, each 1-seeded. Seeds oblong, pendulous ; cotyledons incumbent. 1, G. leevigata, DC. Syst. ii. 577 ; radical leaves many ovate-oblong sinuate-toothed. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. 180; Boiss, Fl. Orient, 1. 243. G. torulosa, DC. Lc. _ Kasumrr, alt. 5000 ft., Jacquemont; common in the Punsas,—Disrriw. Westward to S. Russia. Stem 9-15 in. high. Radical leaves 4-5 in.; cauline lanceolate, usually slightly toothed, shortly auricled. Pods pendulous, } in. long, reticulately veined, costate at the angles; pedicels rather slender, reflexed, shorter than the pods.—Boissier describes a variety, B. ascendens, having erect pods, with reflexed pedicels. The numerous _ Indian specimens examined have all drooping pods, with the exception of one from Affghanistan, in which the lower pods are ascending. 43, CHORISPORA, DC. _Asmall, branching or tufted, glandular or hairy herb. Leaves entire or pinnatisect. lowers yellow or purple, in few-flowered ebracteate racemes ; pedicels lengthened, usually thickening after flowering. Sepals erect, lateral saccate at the base. Pod elongate, cylindric, torulose, indehis- cent, with a lengthened beak ; cells numerous, 2-seriate, 1-seeded ; lobes of the stigma erect; cotyledons accumbent.—Distrre. About 7 species, na- tives of Western Asia. | 1, C. tenella, DC. Syst. Veg. ii. 435; annual, leaves oblong-lanceolate or spathulate, flowers purplish, pedicels very short, pods obscurely toru- Chorispora.| X. CRUCIFERE, (Hook. f. & T. Anderson.) 167 lose, style rigid subulate. Hf. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 181 3 Boiss. Fl. Orient. ii. 143, Western Himalaya and the Punjab; Kasnmre, alt. 5~7000 ft., 7. T.; Sart Range Fleming.—Distris. Central Asia and westward to Asia-Minor. ; Pilose or rough glandular, rarely glabrous. Stem 6-9 in., much branched from the base. Leaves shortly petioled ; lower sometimes pinnatifid; upper entire or toothed. Flowers small, remote, purple (like those of Matcolmia africana). Racemes much elongate in fruit. Pods 14 in. ascending, slender, curved, transverse-jointed, not con- stricted between the seeds, beak long subulate ; pedicels 4-4 in., spreading, ultimately as thick as the pods. ‘ 2. sibirica, DC. Syst. ii. 437; annual, glandular-hairy, leaves inter- ruptedly pinnatifid, pedicels slender, pods slender curved torulose monili- ‘form, beak slender subulate. H.f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 181. Hasora in Western Tiset, Winterbottom.—Disrris. Western and Altaian Siberia, A straight spreading herb, 6-8 in., with numerous branches from the base. Leaves narrow; lobes equal, entire or lobulated, acute; terminal long, lanceolate. Flowers rather large, yellow, few, very remote in lengthened racemes. Pods 1 in., usually curved ; cells 2-seriate, opposite, or one row a little higher than the other, but never alternate, pedicels more slender than the pods, ascending or sometimes arched, 3. 6. sabulosa, Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. 15, t. 15; perennial, glan- ° dular-hairy, leaves entire toothed or pinnatifid, flowers yellow or purplish, pedicels very slender, pods irregularly deeply torulose, joints gibbous, beak short slender. H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v.181; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 144; Griff. tin. Notes 306, n. 1054. C. elegans, Camb. lc. 15, t. 14. Western Himalaya, from Kunawor to Kasumie; and Western Tiz7, alt. 10-17,000 ft.—Distri. Adehantstan, Hoot thick, fleshy, fusiform, branching at the crown. Leaves all radical, tufted, petioled, oblong-lanceolate, lobes obtuse. Racemes springing from among the leaves, dense at first, soon elongating to 6-9 in. Flowers large. Pods 4-2 in. long, straight, curved or twisted; cells opposite or almost alternate, tuberculated; pedicels erect, slender, thickened at the top, as long as the pod. Orver XL CAPPARIDEZ:. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Herbs shrubs or trees, erect or climbing, eaves simple or palmately 3-9-foliolate ; stipules 2 or 0, sometimes spinescent. Inflorescence indefi- nite; flowers solitary racemed corymbose or umbelled, regular or irregular, usually 2-sexual. Sepals 4, free or connate, valvate or imbricate, rarely open in bud. Petals 4 (rarely 2 or 0), hypogynous or seated on the disk, imbricate or open in bud. Stamens 4 or more, hypogynous or perigynous, or at the base of or on a long or short gynophore. Disk 0, or tumid, or lining the calyx-tube. Ovary sessile or stalked, 1-celled ; style short or 0, stigma depressed or capitate ; ovules indefinite, on 2-4 parietal placentas amphi- or campy-lotropous. /ruit capsular or berried. Seeds angled or reniform, exalbuminous; embryo incurved.—DistRip, Genera 23, species 300, chiefly tropical. An order with various abnormal genera.—Crateva has petals inserted on a large disk; Merua and Niebuhria (which want petals) are calycifloral; Cadaba has a uni- lateral disk (bundle of filaments?). Roydsia, with 6 sepals, a 3-locular ovary, 3 subu- late styles, axile placentation and a straight embryo, though included here, might welt form the type of a distinct Order. 168 XI. CAPPARIDER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Tre. Cleomes. Herbs. rust capsular. Stamens sessile on the disk. Petals imbricatein bud. . . 1. CLEOME. Stamens on the gynophore. Petals open in bud. . . - + 2 GYNANDROPSIS. Tree IL GCappareew. Shrubs or trees. Pruit berried or capsular. Calyx tube lined by the disk, lobes valvate. Petals 0. Fruitovoid .. . . . . + + + + + + 8. Niepunen. Petals 4. Fruit moniliform . . . .. +. + + + 4 Marva. Sepals 4, open in bud. Disk hemispheric. . . - - + + 5. CRATEVA. Sepals 4, 2-seriate, imbricate, or 2 outer valvate. Stamens 4-6, inserted high on the gynophore. . . . - 6. CaDABA, _ Stamens 8-'co, inserted at the base of the gynopbore . . 7. CaPPaRis. Sepals 6, 2-seriate. Ovary B3-celled; styles 8 . . . . + 8. Rovpsta. 1, CLEOME, Linn. Herbs. Leaves simple or digitately 3-9-foliolate. Flowers racemed, yellow rose or purple. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, regular or ascending. Stamens 4-8, sessile on the disk. Ovary sessile or with a short gynophore ; style short or 0; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule oblong or linear, valves 2 separating from the seed-bearing placentas. Seeds reniform.— Distr. Species about 80, chiefly tropical. C. heptaphylla, L., a W. Indian species, is cultivated in India; it is w tall hairy viscid annual, with prickly stems, 7 leaflets, large purple flowers, and a long gynophore. * Leaves simple. 1, GC. monophylla, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 239 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate puberulous penninerved, bracts petiolate, stamens 6. Wall. Cat. 6965 ; W. & A. Prodr. 21; Rowb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129 ; Thwaites Enum. 14 ; Oli, Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 76. ©. cordata, DC. l.ce.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 100, f. 3. Western Peninsula from Bewar and the Concan to Certon, in fields and waste places.—Disrriz. Tropical Africa, Stem 1-2 t., erect, branched. Leaves 1-2 in., base rounded or cordate. Flowers 4-1 in. long, dull purple; racemes elongating in fruit. Petals long-clawed, ascending. Capsules 2-4 in., striate, subsessile or shortly stalked. Seeds rugose. : 2, C. papillosa, Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 382 ; hairy, often glandular, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse strigose papillose penninerved, bracts small. sessile, stamens 6. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 76; Edgew. lc, vi. 184. C. gra cilis, Hdgew. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. 1212. ane districts of Smvpa and Western Pounsas.—Distriw. Abyssinia, Kordofan,. rabia. _ Stem 6-12 in., erect, branched, strong scented. Leaves 4-14 in., lower long-petioled, upper subsessile. lowers very small, pinkish ‘at length dirty yellow ; racemes elon- gate in fruit ; bracts oblong, upper pedicels ebracteate. Capsules 1-1} %n., subsessile, very slender, finely striate. Seeds glabrous, granulate. 3. G. quinquenervia, DC. Prodr. i. 239 ; viscid, leaves suborbicular palmately 5-nerved softly pubescent, bracts leafy, stamens 4or6. 7. Anders, mm Journ, Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. 3; Griff. Itin. Not, 323, n. 1261. C. Noreana, Boiss, Fl. Orvent. Arid districts of Supa and Wzsrzrn Ponsas, Grifith, &c.—Disrris. Affghanistan, _ Persia, Arabia. Stem 6-12 in., erect; branches spreading from the base, rigid woody, strongly Cleome,] XI. CAPPARIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 169 aromatic, "Leaves 1 in. diam., obtuse or acute, base cordate or rounded, margins and long petioles glandular. Flowers small; racemes elongate in fruit; bracts usually subsessile, rarely narrow, upper sometimes 0. Capsules 1-14 by ¢ in, sessile, narrow~ oblong, acute at both ends; hairs short rigid with tubercled bases, mixed with soft Hachighndiias hairs. Seeds minute, smooth.—Anderson describes 6 stamens, we find only 4, 4.0. Stocksiana, Boiss. FI. Orient. i. 414; glandular above, leaves ovate or obovate tubercled palmately 3-nerved, bracts small or leafy, sta- mens 6, filaments clavate. Griff. Itin. Notes 225, n, 183. - Rocky hills in Sinpx, Stocks.—Distrw. Beluchistan. Perennial; branches spreading from the base, erect or ascending, white, glabrous, rough below, densely glandular and tubercled, above. Leaves 1 in., fleshy, acute or obtuse ; petiole 1-1} in. lowers small, pale purple, at length yellow ; racemes short vr long, densely glandular, Petals obovate-spathulate, clawed. Capsules 14 by 4 in., broad-linear, subsessile, pendulous, striate. Seeds large, brown hairy. 5, G. simplicifolia, 7./.é T. ; prostrate, strigose, leaves obovate- oblong or lancevlate, bracts leafy, stamens 10-12, filaments filiform. Po- lanisia simplicifolia, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 20, t. 20; Dalzell & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 8. P. burtporensis, Munro in Wight Le. t. 1072, C. monophylla, Law in Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl. 7. Norraern Inp14, near Burtpore, Munro; drier parts of the Dexxan and Concan. Annual, 6-18 in., much branched from the base. Leaves 1-2 in., obtuse or acute, all scaberulous, hairs with scale-like bases. lowers 4 in., violet, in elongating leafy racemes. Filaments filiform. Capsule 3-1} in., subsessile, torulose; beak % in. Seeds large, brown, smooth, d ** Leaves compound, Stamens 6. 6. C. tenella, Linn. f.; DC. Prodr. i. 240; glabrous, leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets linear, capsule subsessile glabrous. W. & A. Prodr. 21; Wall. Cat. 6966 ; Oli. Fl. Trop. Afric.i. 78, C. angustifolia, A, Rich, Fl. Seneg. 20. Driest parts of the Carnatic, Heyne, &c.—D1srris. Trop. Africa. Annual, 3-12 in.; branches many, slender, spreading. Leaflets equalling or exceed- ing the petiole. FZowers minute, purplish, in few-flowered racemes; bracts simple or 3-foliolate. Capsules 1-1} in., linear. Seeds minute, smooth.—Indian specimens are rather smaller than African. , 7. ©. brachycarpa, Vahl ex DC. Prodr, i, 240 ; musky, glandular and rough, leaves 3-5-foliolate upper simple, leaflets obovate or oblong, capsule scaberulous. 7’. Anders. in Sen, Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. 4; Hdgew. lc. vi. 184; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 77. C. Ruta, Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. 19, t. 19. C. Vahliana, Fresen, ; and diversifolia, Hochst. N.W. Inpia, from Agra, Jamieson, westward to Peshawur, Stewart; Sinpa, Stocks. —Disrris. Arabia, Abyssinia. . Perennial, 6-12 in., branched from the base. Leaflets 3-4 in., lower petioled, floral subsessile. Flowers }-4 in. long, yellow, long-peduncled, in leafy racemes. Capsules 4 in., oblong. Seeds minute, smooth. & ©. aspera, Kenig.ex DC. Prodr. i. 241; branches glabrous prickly, leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets equalling or exceeding the petioles, flowers axillary, capsule sessile slender torulose. W.d& A. Prodr, 22; Wall, Cat. 6967; Wight Ic. t. 287: . diffusa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 129. Western Penivsuua and Cexton; common in sandy soil, _ : Annual, 6-18 in.; branches many from the root, prickles minute. Leajlets 3-3 in. 170 XI. CAPPARIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Cleome., Flowers } in. long, dull yellow, solitary, long-pedicelled. Capsules 1-1} in., sessile, slender, beaked. Seeds large, glabrous, transversely rugose. 9. GC. Burmanni, W. & A. Prodr. 22; branches glabrous prickly, Teaves 3-foliolate, leaflets shorter than the petiole obovate or oblong-lanceo- late, flowers axillary, capsule stalked terete. Polanisia dodecandra, UC. lc. 242.— Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 100, f. 1 (not good). ‘Fields of the Carnatic, and in Ceyton, Kenig, &c. r Annual, 6-18 in.; branches many from the root. Leaflets 1 in., acute or obtuse. Flowers } in., solitary, purple. Capsules 2 in., terete, glabrous, striate, tapering at both ends; stalk ,-# in., slender. Seeds glabrous, transversely rugose.—C. ciliata, Sch. & Th., of tropical Africa approaches this very closely. *** Leaves compound. Stamens 10-0. - 10. ©. felina, Linn. f. Suppl. 300; rough with rigid scale-like hairs, leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets obovate, flowers axillary long-pedicelled, stamens 28-32, capsule glabrous, Polanisia felina, DC. Prodr. i, 242; Wall. Cat. 6971; W. & A. Prodr. 22 (excl, syn. Hort. Malab.). Southern provinces of the Carnatic, Kenig, &c. Annual, erect, 1-2 ft, much branched. Leaflets 4-1 in., obtuse, equalling or shorter than the petiole. lowers 4-3 in. long, solitary, purple. Calyx and corolla bristly outside. /ilaments filiform. Capsule 1-14 by % in., compressed, linear-oblong, acute at both ends, striate. Seeds large, glabrous, tubercled. ll. C. viscosa, Linn. ; softly pubescent, leaves 3—-5-foliolate, leaflets ovate or obovate, flowers racemed long-pedicelled, stamens 12-20, capsule glandular-pubescent. Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 128. C. icosandra, Linn. Polanisia viscosa, DC. Prodr. i. 242; Wall. Cat. 6968. Polanisia icosandra, W. & A, Prodr. 22; Wight Ic. t. 2.—Rheede Hort, Mal. ix. t. 33, : Abundant throughout tropical and warm India, and the rest of the world. Annual, erect, 1-3 ft., hairs simple and glandular mixed. Leaflets equalling or shorter than the petiole, upper usually subsessile. lowers 4 in. long, yellow. Petals reflexed. Capsule 2-34 in., striate, narrowed to the tip. Seeds small, granular. 12, C. Chelidonii, Zinn. f. Suppl. 300; glabrous or sparsely scabrid, leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets obovate or oblong, flowers racemose then corymbose long-pedicelled, stamens very many, capsule glabrous. Road. Fi. Ind. iii. 127. Polanisia Chelidonii, DC. Prodr. i. 249; W. & A. Prodr. 22; Wight Ic. t. 319; Wall. Cat. 6969 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 8. _P. hete- rophylla, Wall. Cat. 6970. P. Schraderi and Leschenaultii, DC. Corynan- dra pulchella, Schrad. Moist places from the N. Circars, Roxburgh, and Poonan, Jacquem., southwards.—~ Distriz. Java. Annual, erect, 1-8 ft., much branched, glabrous or with few bristles. Leaves long- petioled, pubescence appressed, scabrid; leaflets 1-14 in., obtuse or acute. Flowers 3-in. diam., regular, rosy; bracts small, simple or 3-foliolate. Petals sessile, ovate. Filaments clavate above. Capsule 2-4 in., slender, tapering at both ends, striate. Seed rather large, pale brown, muricate. : 2. GYNANDROPSIsS, DC. An annual glandular-pubescent or glabrate herb. eaves 5-foliolate, long-petioled. Flowers racemed. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4, spreading, long-clawed, open in bud. Stamens 6, filaments adnate below to the slender gynophore, spreading above. Ovary stalked, ovules many. Capsule elon- Gynandropsis.| XI. CAPPARIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 171 gate, stalked ; valves 2, separating from the seed-bearing placentas. Seeds reniform, black, scabrous.: 1. G. pentaphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 238 ; leaflets broad-obovate acute or obtuse entire or serrulate. W.d& A. Prodr. 21; Wall. Cat. 6964. Cleome pentaphylla, Zinn.; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 126.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 34. Abundant throughout the warm parts of India and all tropical countries. Erect, branched, 1-3 ft. Leaflets 1-2in. Flowers }-2in. diam., white or purplish, in glutinous racemes ; bracts 3-foliolate. Capsules 2-4 in., nearly glabrous, striated. 3. NIEBUHRIA, DC. Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves 1-5-foliolate; stipules setaceous. Flowers solitary or corymbose. Caiya-tube ovoid; limb 4-cleft, valvate. Pedals 0. Stamens indefinite, united on the gynophore at about the level of the top of calyx-tube ; filaments filiform, exserted. Ovary stipitate, 1-celled ; ovules many on 2 parietal placentas; stigma subsessile. Berry ovoid, l-seeded. Seed large; cotyledons fleshy involute.—DistriB. Species about 8, tropical African and Asiatic, 1. N. linearis, DC. Prodr.i. 244 ; glabrous, leaves 3-5-foliolate, leaflets ovate oblong linear or lanceolate, flowers racemed. Wall. Cat. 6975; W. & A. Prodr. 23 ; Wight Ic. t. 176 ; Hook, Ic. Pl.t. 124. Capparis apetala, Roth. Nov. Sp, 238. é linifolia, Hoxb. Hort. Beng. 41, Cratzva apetala,. Spreng. Syst. ii. 448, Hilly parts of the Carnatic, Roth, Wight, &c. ° ‘ Asmall tree, bark pale grey. Leaflets 1-2 by 3-1 in., equalling the petiole of the leaf, minutely wrinkled, shortly petiolulate; 5 and linear in young plants. Racemes 1-2 in., terminal, few-flowered. Calyx 4 in., persistent. Berry 4-3 in., ovoid or sub- globose, 1-3-seeded; stalk 1-14 in. 4, MZERWA, Forskahl. Climbing shrubs. eaves simple. Flowers corymbose. Calya-tube lined by adisk ; lobes 4, valvate. Petals 4 (in the Indian species), smaller than the calyx-lobes, ovate, inserted on the edge of the disk. Stamens many, inserted high up on the gynophore, filaments exserted. Ovary long stalked, 1-celled or 2-celled by the cohesion of the placentas; ovules many, on 2-4 parieta: lacentas, Berry fleshy, elongate, moniliform, 1- or more-seeded, Cotyledons eshy, involute-—Disrris. Species about 20, tropical Asiatic and African. 1. M. arenaria, H. /. & T.; glabrous or pubescent, leaves broad- ovate acute or oblong and obtuse or retuse, corymbs terminal or on lateral shoots, petals lanceolate acute. Western Himaaya, and Cenrrat Inp1a, abundant: var. 2, Ganeetic PLAin, about Delhi and Agra. : A large woody climber. Leaves 4-3 in. Flowers 3-1 in. long, white. Calyx-tube dilated upwards, about 4 as long as the limb. Berry 2-5 in., deeply constricted be- tween the seeds —¥. oblongifolia of Arabia and Africa differs only in the cylindric calyx-tube equalling its limb. . Vaz. 1. glabra; glabrous and glaucous except the margins of the calyx-lobes. Niebuhria arenaria and oblongifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 244; Wall. Cat. 6976; W.d& A. Prodr. 24 in part; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 127. Capparis heteroclyta, Roub. Fi. Ind. ii. 570. Vaz. 2. seabra; young shoots and upper leaves scabrous, calyx softly pubescent. M. acabra and ovalifolia, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 22, t. 23,24, Niebuhria oblongi- folia, Royle Ill, 73. ‘ . 172 XI. CAPPARIDEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Crateva. 5. CRATZEVA, Linn. Trees. Leaves 3-foliolate. /Jowers large, yellow or purplish, polygamous. Sepals 4, cohering below with the convex lobed disk. Petals 4, long-clawed,. open in bud. Stamens indefinite, adnate to the base of the gynophore, Ovary on a slender stalk, 1-celled; stigma sessile, depressed ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Berry fleshy. Seeds imbedded in pulp.—Distr. Species about 6, tropical and cosmopolitan. “1.6. religiosa, Forst.; DC. Prodr. i. 248; leaflets ovate or ovate- lanceolate appearing with the large greenish yellow at length purplish flowers. Capparis 3-foliata, Roxb. #1. Ind. ii. 571. Near streams in Manapar and Canara; cultivated elsewhere in India.—Distam, Trop. Africa, P . A spreading, unarmed, deciduous tree. Leaves long-petioled; leaflets 3-6 by 1}-23 in., abruptly or gradually acuminate, pale beneath. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in terminal corymbs. Petals ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute ; claw 3 as long as the limb. Berry 1-2 in. diam., many-seeded.—Very variable. Intermediates may be found between the following varieties. The form of the ovary and fruit does not always correspond with that of the leaflets. Imperfect specimens of a Mergui species of Griffith, with large broad obtuse thick coriaceous leaves, may be different. Var. 1. Nurvala; leaflets ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed, berry ovoid. C. Nurvala,; Ham, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 122; Wall. Cat. 6973; W. & A. Prodr. 23.—Rheede Hort. Matlab. iti. t. 42. Var. 2. Roxburghti; leaves small ovate-lanceolate abruptly acuminate, berry glo- bose. C. Roxburghii, Br. in Denh. & Clapp. Travels, App. 224; W.d& A. Prodr. 23; ° Hook. Ic. Pl, t. 178. C. odora, religiosa and unilocularis, Ham. l.c.; Wall. Cat. 6972. 6. CADABA, Forskahl. Unarmed shrubs. eaves simple or 3-foliolate. Flowers solitary corym- bose or racemed. Sepals 4, unequal, 2-seriate, 2 outer valvate. Petals 4, or 2, rarely 0, clawed, hypogynous. Disk equalling the petal-claw, trumpet- shaped or spathulate, with a tubular claw. Stamens 4-6, unilateral on ‘the slender gynophore ; filaments filiform, exserted, spreading. Ovary long- stalked, l-celled; stigma sessile; ovules many on 2-4 parietal placentas, Fruit fleshy, slender, cylindric, berried or dehiscing tardily upwards by: 2 valves, which leave the pulpy placentas. Seeds subglobose, testa cartila- ginous ; cotyledons convolute.—Distris, Species about 12, tropical, and subtropical African and Asiatic. ' 1. ©. trifoliata, W. & A. Prodr. 24; leaves palmately 3-foliolate, leaflets oblong or lanceolate, petals 2, stamens 6, fruit tardily dehiscent. C. triphylla, Wight in Hook, Bot. Misc. 296, Suppl. t. 37. Stroemeria trifo- liata, Koad. Fl. Ind, ii. 79. Desmocarpus missionis, Wall. Cat, 6798. Southern parts of the Carnatic, Berry, &c. Drier parts of Ceyton. A rigid branched shrub, bark brown, shoots rather hairy. Leaflets 2 in.; petioles 4-4 in. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., in few-flowered, ‘axillary and terminal corymbs. Sepals pale green, membranous, oblong, outer 14 in. Petals 2 in., yellowish-white, limb sub- orbicular, Disk-limb bright yellow, recurved. Capsule 2-4 in., valves brittle. 2. G. indica, Lamk.; DC. Prodr. i. 244; leaves simple ovate or oblong acute obtuse or mucronate, petals 4 limb oblong, stamens 4, fruit dehiscent. Wall. Cat. 6977; W.d& A. Prodr. 24; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 9. Stree- meria tetrandra, Vahl; Roxb. FT. Ind. ii. 78. Cleome fraticosa, Linn. Cadaba.} «x1. CAPPARIDER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 173 Wesrern Pentnsouxa, from Guzerat and the Concan southwards, on old walls and in waste dry places. : __A straggling much branched shrub, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 1-14 in. Flowers 1 in. diam., greenish white, in few-flowered terminal corymbs; bracts small, subulate. Sepals ovate. Claw of petals narrow. Disk broad, funnel-shaped, smooth, fimbriate. £ruit 1-14 in., cylindric; pulp orange. 3. G. farinosa, Forsk. ; DC. Prodr. i. 244 ; hoary, leaves ovate or oblong obtuse, petals 4 limb narrow spathulate, stamens 5, fruit indehiscent? Deless, Ic, Sel. iii. t. 8; Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 89. C. Dubia, DC. Le. Dry places in the Ponsas at Multan, Edgeworth; and Sinpu, Stocks.—Disrrm. Arabia, trop. Africa. A straggling, much branched, wiry shrub. Leaves }-d in. rarely 1 in. Flowers as in C. indica but petals very narrow. Fruét-4-14 in., cylindric—Delessert’s Icones re- presents 6 stamens, we find 5 only. 4, GC. heterotricha, Stocks in Hook. Ic. Pl. t.839; glaucous and pulveru- lent, leaves broad obovate or orbicular, petals 4 limb suborbicular, stamens 5. Smvpu ; on rocks near Cape Monze, Stocks. A small rigid branched tree, 10-20 ft., young parts often glandular. Leaves 1 in. Flowers 4 in. diam., in terminal dense corymbs. Sepals ovate, acute. Limb of petals equalling the claw. Claw of disk slender, tubular, limb small, oblong, crenate. “Fruit unknown. 7, CAPPARIS, Linn. Trees or shrubs, erect decumbent or climbing, unarmed or with stipulary thorns. Leaves simple, rarely 0,° lowers white or coloured, often showy. Sepals 4, free, imbricate in 2 series, or 2 outer subvalvate. Petals 4, sessile, imbricate. Stamens indefinite, inserted on the torus at the base of the long ‘gynophore, Ovary stalked, 1-4-celled ; stigma sessile; ovules many, on 2-6 parietal placentas. Mrwit fleshy, rarely bursting by valves. Seeds many, imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous or coriaceous ; cotyledons convolute. —Distrip. Species 120, natives of all warm climates, except N. America. Sect. I. Flowers solitary, axillary. (Flowers sometimes fascicled in 3, zeylanica, and 4, Heyneana.) 1, ©. spinosa, Linn. ; leaves orbicular, pale green not shining acute, obtuse or retuse, thorns straight hooked or 0, flowers large, fruit ribbed often dehiscing. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 95. (Caper plant.) Hot Western Himavayvay valleys Kastward to Nipal; Wusr. Trpet, ascending to 13,000 ft.; Sivpa; Punsas; and Wesrern Peninsuta in the Mahableshwar hills.— Distarw. Affghanistan, West Asia, Europe, N. Africa, Australia, Sandwich Islands. A branched shrub, glabrous or hoary, branches prostrate or trailing. Leaves 1-2 in., orbicular or broad ovate. lowers white, with purple filaments ; pedicels equalling or exceeding the leaves; fruit 14-2 in., ovoid or oblong. ' Var. 1. galeata ; armed, glabrous, often glaucous, leaves fleshy, anticous sepal very saccate. CU. galeata, Fres.—Maritime, from Sindh to Arabia, and H. Africa, Var, 2. xupestris; unarmed, leaves suborbicular fleshy. ©. rupestris, Sibth. Flor. Gree. t. 487; Wall. Cat. 7001 (no locality and perhaps not Indian). Var. 3. vulgaris; armed, young parts downy. C. obovata, foyle Ill. 73; Cambess. in Jacq. Voy. Bot, t.21. ©. Murrayana, Graham Cat. Bombay Pl.9; Wight Il. t.379; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. £.9 (C. Migyptiaca, Linn, C. herbacea, Willd.).— The common Indian and Oriental form. ° ' Var. 4. leucophylla, i Prodr. i. 246 (p; floccose’all over with white pubescence, Deless. Ic. Sel. iii. t. 10. ©. nepalensis, Wall, Cat. 6979.—Confined in India to the ‘lower Himalayan valleys, also Persian. i 174 XI. CAPPARIDEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis, 2. ©. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 6984; branches tomentose, leaves ovate acute mucronate shining above pubescent beneath, flowers large, pedicels short, ovary glabrous, C. pyrifolia, W. & A. Prodr, 25 (not of Lamk, & DC.); Wight Lc, t. 1047. | as Eastern slopes of the Nirentri Mrs., Wight. A dense branched spreading shrub, 2-3 ft.; thorns recurved. Leaves 1 in., short petioled, pubescence brown. lowers 3 in. diam.; pedicels 3-4 in. Petals broadly obovate-cuneate, almost truncate. Ovary narrow-oblong, furrowed. ruit 2 in., gla- brous, oblong, beaked. 3. G. zeylanica, Linn. (not DC. nor W. & A.); glabrous, armed, leaves broad ovate to lanceolate usually acute and mucronate reticulate beneath, flowers large, pedicels slender, ovary pubescent. Wuelld. Sp. Pl. ii. 1132; Wall. Cat. 6789. C. acuminata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 566 (not Willd, CG. brevispina, DC. ; W. & A. Prodr. 24; Thwaites Enum. 15; Hook. Ie. Pl, t.126; Dalz & Gibs. Bombay Fl. 9. C. Wallichiana, W. & A. Prodr. 25; Wall. Cat. 6987. (C. Rheedii and rotundifolia, Rottb.) Common in the Carnatic and Maxapax; occasional in the Western Dexxan; dry parts of CeyLon. 1 A rigid, wiry, much branched shrub ; shoots sometimes puberulous. Leaves 14-3 by 4-14 in., coriaceous, shining above, sometimes pubescent beneath. Flowers 2 in. diam. white, solitary or 2-3 on a short shoot; 2 lower petals yellowish, changing to red brown ; pedicels 1-2 in. Ovary oblong. uit 2 in., ovoid, smooth—QC. zeylanica DC.,, is probably C, tenera or acuminata. , 4. ©. Heyneana, Wail. Cat. 6985 ; unarmed or thorns minute, leaves ovate or lanceolate acute or acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers solitary or fascicled, pedicels slender 1-bracteate, ovary tomentose. W. & A. Prodr. 25. ©. formosa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 40; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 9. —Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 57. From 8. Concan and Canara, to Travancor; Cxyton, Thwaites (2509 in part). An erect shrub; young pe floccose. Leaves 8-6 by 4-3 in., base acute, coria- ceous, old shining above. lowers 4-5 in. diam., white pale blue or lilac, solitary or 2-3; pedicels 1-2 in., terminal ; bracts linear. Sepals obtuse, tomentose inside. Petals pearl 2 lower close together with a yellow basal spot. Fruit (immature) 1} in., ovoid, eaked. 5, ©. divaricata, Lamk. ; DC. Prodr.i. 252 ; glabrous, thorns straight leaves linear-oblong or ovate obtuse mucronate 5-7-nerved at the base, flowers solitary, pedicels slender, ovary glabrous ribbed. Wall. Cat. 6988 B (not A); W. & A. Prodr. 27; Wight Ic. t. 889. ©. stylosa, DC.; Wall. Cat. 6980; W. & A. Prodr. 25; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10, ae ats eae a og ose Tanjore and Coimbatore. shrub or small tree, branches spreading, glabrous or shoots hoary. Leaves 1}-3 by 3-1 in., thick, coriaceous; petiole short. #lowers 24 in. diam. ; en beaked ; sy dicels $-1 in. Sepals very concave, ovate. Petals narrowly obovate-spathulate. Fruit 2-8 in. diam., subglobose, 5-6-ribbed, tubercled, obtusely beaked.—Originally described pot young, plants with slender branches and narrow leaves. Graham describes the ower as red. Sect. II. Flowers umbelled, racemed, corymbose or panicled. * Flowers in simple corymbs (sometimes compound in 9, versicolor, or racemose in 13, grandis). ; 6. GC. aphylla, Hoth ; DC. Prodr. i. 246; glabrous, thorns in pairs Capparis.] XI. CAPPARIDEZ. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 175 straight, leaves (only on young shoots) glabrous linear pungent, buds pu- bescent, stamens 18-20, Wall. Cat. 6983; W.d& A. Prodr, 27; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 9; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 95. (C. Sodada, Br. Sodada deci- dua, Forsk.) Driest places in the Ponsas, Guzerat, Ragpurana, the Dexxan and §. Carnatic.— Distais. Arabia, Egypt, N. trop. Africa.: A dense much branched shrub; branches slender, glabrous. lowers 1 in. diam., red-brown, in many-flowered corymbs on short lateral shoots. Outer sepals subvalvate, ciliate; inner very saccate. Jruit 4-2 in., glabrous, long-beaked. 7, ©. diversifolia, W. & A. Prodr. 27; glabrous, thorns recurved base broad, leaves glabrous linear or oblong-lanceolate, flowers 14 in. purple, ovary glabrous. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 181. C. reticulata, Klein. ex Wall. Cat. 6986, C, divaricata, Wall. Cat. 6988, A (not B). C. caerulea, Heyne ex Wall. Cat, lc. Western Peninsuta, in Travancore. A shrub, branches zigzag, young puberulous. Leaves 14-2 by 4-$ in., uppermost usually (rarely all) twice as long and ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining above ; petiole fin. Flowers 14 in., in few-flowered terminal subsessile corymbs ; pedicels subclavate, puberulous. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals broad-obovate. Ovary narrow-oblong. Fruit 1} in., ovoid, smooth, many-seeded. 8. ©. trinervia, H. f. & T.; branches brown-tomentose, thorns recur- ved, leaves glabrous broad-lanceolate 3-plinerved, sepals orbicular tomen- tose, ovary glabrous. Trnasszrim, Helfer; Tavoy, Parish. Climbing ?, branches Jong. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in. ; 'nervules transverse, few; petiole and midrib brown tomentose. lowers 14-2 in. diam., in terminal many-flowered corymbs; pedicels 1-14 in., lower with foliaceous bracts, upper with minute ones. Ovary ovoid, acute; gynophore 14in. #ruit unknown. 9, C. versicolor, Grifith Notul. iv. 577 ; branches glabrous, thorns short, recurved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate obscurely penninerved, sepals ovate glabrous, ovary glabrous, Tunassenm, Griffith Distr. Java. ae Climbing ; branches flagelliform. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in., tip retuse, glabrous and shining above, pale beneath; petiole } in., puberulous. Flowers 2 in. diam., white then rose; buds globose, glabrous; corymbs simple, terminal, with the lower flowers axillary, or few-flowered and disposed in lateral racemes 1-14 in. long; pedicel 1 in. Outer sepals very convex, inner petioled. Ovary ovoid, gynophore 14 in.—Perhaps C. salaccensis, Blume, of which we have seen no authentic specimen. 10. G. Moonii, Wight Ill. 35; branches glabrous, thorns recurved, leaves oblong obtuse or subacute with a callous tip glabrous, flowers 4-5 in. diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. Thwaites Hnum. 16. Concan, Stocks, &c.; CeyLon, ascending to 3000 ft. ° : A large woody climber, branches flagellate. Leaves 3-6 by 14-22 in., coriaceous, shining above, pale beneath. Flowers white, in 6-12-flowered almost leafless terminal corymbs, with sometimes a solitary axillary flower; pedicels 1-2 in., stout. Outer sepals orbicular, convex, much imbricated. Petals subpilose. Gynaphors 8-4 in. Fruit 2-4 in. diam., obovoid or subglobose. Seeds many, size of a large bean. —Pro- bably a large flowered state of C. Roxburghii, Thwaites’ character of the long funicle is altogether inconstant. ll. G. Roxburghii, DC. Prodr. i. 247; young branches hoary-pu- bescent, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous obovate-oblong obtuse acute or acuminate, flowers 2 in. diam., sepals orbicular, ovary glabrous. W.d A. 176 XI. SAPPARIDEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis. Prodr. 296; Wight Ic. t. 1048; Thwaites Enum. 15. C. corymbosa, Roxb, Fi. Ind. ii. 569. C. bisperma, Wight Cat. 104 (not Roxb.). Forests of the Wesrern Guavrs and Carnatic. A large woody climber ; pubescence ashy or yellow, minute, deciduous. Leaves 13-24 by 1-14 in., base acute, shining and glabrous above, pale beneath. lowers white, arranged as in C. Moonii; buds usually tomentose. Petals broadly obovate-cuneate. Gynophore 13-2 in. Fruit 1-2 in. diam., globose. 12. G. grandis, Linn. f. ; DC. Prodr. i. 248 ; branches pubescent, thorns 0 or recurved, leaves broad-ovate or obovate acute obtuse or retuse silky beneath, buds pubescent, ovary glabrous, Wall. Cat. 6996; W. & A. Prodr. 27; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. C. maximus, Roth; Wall. Cat. 6995. C. bisperma, Roxb. FT. Ind. ii. 568; W. & A. Prodr. 26 (excl. syn. Wight Cat., & Kleen.). C. obovata, Ham. and racemifera, DC. l.c. 248, Hill forests of the Carnatic, DexKxan, and Crerton. A tree. Leaves 2-3 by 14-2 in., base acute, glabrous above and the old on both surfaces ; petiole 4-2 in. Flowers 3-1 in. diam., white, in terminal corymbs or racemes, lower with leafy upper with deciduous bracts; pedicels 1 in. Petals narrow-obovate ‘obliquely ascending. Gynophore 1 in. sometimes only ¢ or jy in. Fruit size of a nut- meg, subglobose, purple, smooth, 2-6-seeded. ** Flowers in simple umbels. 13. G. orbiculata, Wall. mss. in Herb. Linn. Soc.; branches pilose, thorns recurved from a broad downy base, leaves suborbicular truncate retuse or mucronate papillose and hairy above tomentose beneath, flowers small, ovary glabrous, Segain hills, Brea, Wallich, Griffith. A much branched rigid spreading shrub. Leaves 3-1 in. broad, obscurely trapezoid, base cordate; hairs above papillose ; petiole very short. lowers umbelled, peduncle 1-2 in., 1-leaved at the tip; pedicels 3-3 in., slender, spreading. Perianth absent. Ovary oblong, acute ; gynophore less than 4 in, 14. G. pedunculosa, Wall. Cat. 6993; branches pubescent, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous suborbicular obtuse or retuse penninerved, sepals equalling the oblong petals, ovary glabrous. Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 128 ; Dalz, & Gabs. Bomb. Fl. 9. C. sepiaria, Wail. Cat. 6993, G. Western Penivsuia, Russell; near Tanjore, in the Carnatic, Wight; Coxcan, Stocks, &c. A spreading branched shrub; branches wiry, at length glabrous. Leaves 3-13 by 3-1 in., base cordate, shining above; petiole very short. lowers 4-2 in. diam., in 2-6-flowered terminal or axillary and shortly (4-4 in.) peduncled EE Ae pedicels ‘1-14 in, slender. Sepals reflexed in flower. Ovary oblong; gynophore 1 in. Fruit size of a cherry, globose, several-seeded. 15. G. longispina, H. f. & T. ; branches pubescent, thorns long acicu- lar, leaves ovate-cordate acute rarely obtuse pubescent beneath, sepals equal- ling the oblong petals. A spreading much-branched shrub; branches slender, wiry, softly pubescent. Leaves 3-13 by 4-3 in., glabrous above ; petiole very short. Flowers exactly as of C. pedun- sa, in sessile terminal umbels. Fruit (mature ?) size of a pea.—Possibly a state of C. pedunculosa, though differing much in thorns pubescence and leaf-form. 16. G. parviflora, H. f.&é T.; branches unarmed, thorns 0, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, flowers small, buds glabrous, sepals and petals oblong, ovary glabrous. Capparis.| ‘XI. CAPPARIDER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 177 Shewageri hills in the Carnatic, Wight. A spreading wiry much branched shrub (or tree?). Leaves 14-3 by $-} in., base narrow but cordate; petiole short, broad. Flowers not 4 in. diam., in axillary or sub- terminal 3-6-flowered subsessile or shortly peduncled umbels; pedicels }-4 in., slender. Petals oblong. Ovary oblong, gynophore 4 in. Fruit pisiform. 17. C. sepiaria, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247; branches hoary or tomen- tose, thorns recurved, leaves ovate oblong obovate or oblong-lanceolate subacute or retuse penninerved downy (rarely glabrous) beneath, sepals oblong, petals narrow, ovary glabrous. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ti. 568; Wall. Cat. 6993; Wid A. Prodr. 26; Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. t. 22; Dalz. & Gibs. Bombay Fl. 10, oS Dry places throughout India, from the PonszAs and Sixpa to Bra, Prav, the’ Carnatic, and Ceyton (at Jaffna, Gardner).—Disrris. Philippines. : A spreading wiry‘branched shrub. Leaves 3-1} by 4-3 in.; petiole 2, in. Flowers 3-4 in. diam., white, in many-flowered sessile or shortly peduncled umbels ; pedicels slender, 4-$ in. Ovary ovoid, pointed; gynophore }-} in. Fruit pisiform, black. Var. 1. vulgaris ; branches softly tomentose, leaves broad. Var. 2. incanescens ; DC. Prodr. i. 247 (sp.), branches rigid wiry, hoary, white, ' rigse oblong, Wall. Cat. 6994; W.& A. Prodr. 26; Hook. Ie. Pl.t. 123. C. stylosa B, DC. fe. Var. 3. retusella; Thwaites. Hum. 16, 400 (sp.); branches brown-tomentose, leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous beneath, tip tapering retuse, umbels few- flowered, gynophore longer.—Ceylon, near Kandy, Thwaites. *** Flowers in racemose or panicled rarely solitary umbels or corymbs, 18. G. pumila, Champion in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 260; young branches puberulous, thorns recurved, leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate’ acuminate, stamens about 20, buds globose glabrous. Benth. Fl. Hong- Kong, 18 C. punctata, Wall. Cat. 7002. Kaasta AILxs, alt. 2-3000 ft.—Disters. E. China. A shrub, twigs sarmentose or climbing. Leaves 2-34 by 3-1} in., base acute, ob- scurely penninerved ; petiole } in., pubescent. lowers 4 in, diam.; white, in few- lowered corymbs or umbels arranged in large terminal panicles; pedicel 44 in. Petals oblong. Ovary ovoid-oblong, glabrous; gynophore } in, Fruit 4-3 in. diam., globose, glabrous. ~ 19, G. floribunda, Wight /1l. i. 33, t. 14; branches glabrous, thorns 0, or recurved, leaves glabrous oblong rounded at both ends retuse apiculate, stamens about 8, buds globose glabrous. C. malabarica, Wall. Cat. 7000, C.oligandra, Grifith Notul. iv. 577. : Mauazar, Heyne; Orissa, Cleghorn; Tenasserm, Griffith, &c. Czyron in the Doombesa district, Thwaites.—Distris. Philippines. : . A large woody climber; branches slender. Leaves 3-5 by 3-13 in., coriaceous, shining above, obscurely penninerved below. Flowers 4 in. diam., white; umbels many-flowered, in large terminal panicles; pedicels 4-1 in. Sepals. reflexed in flower. Petals oblong. Ovary ovoid, acute; gynophore 4 in. fruit 1 in. diam., globose, smooth, several-seeded. 20. GC. assamica, H. f. & T.; branches glabrous, thorns minute straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate reticulate beneath, flowers racemed, buds very small globose. Assam, Griffith. ‘Erect?; branches slender. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., base acute, pale below. Flowers ‘a terminal many-flowered racemes, 8-4 in. long, which bear many subulate | empty. N VOL, 1. 178 XI, CAPPARIDES. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis. bracts at the base, and at the top a tuft of the same probably enclosing a leaf-bud ; buds immature, each in the axil of a subulate bract ; pedicel 2 in. Sepals 4, imbricate in pairs. Sect. IIL. Flowers seriate in vertical lines on the branches. 21. G. multiflora, Z. /,é 7. ; branches glabrate, thorns 0, leaves large glabrous broad-lanceolate or oblong taper-pointed, flowers small, sepals glabrous, Tropical valleys in E. Nipau, and Sixxmm; Buoran, Griffith; Hookhoom valley in Birma, Griffith. : : A large woody climber; branches long, slender. Leaves 6-12 by 2-5 in., thin, base acute, pale beneath ; upper 2-4 in., often bractlike and very deciduous ; petiole 4-2 in. Flowers 4-% in. diam., supra-axillary to the leaf or bracts, forming a leafy or naked 4- or more-flowered raceme ; pedicels 4-4 in. Petals obovate-oblong. Ovary glabrous. Fruit pisiform or larger, 1-3-seeded. : 22. G. horrida, Linn. f.; DO. Prodr.i, 246; young leaves buds and shoots brown-tomentose, thorns stout broad-based recurved, leaves ovate obovate or oblong acute obtuse or mucronate at length shining above, petals oblong ciliate, ovary glabrous acute. Wall. Cat. 6981; W. & A. Prodr, 26; Wight Ic. t. 173; Dalz. & Gibs, Bombay Fl. 10. C. zeylanica, Roxb, Fil. Ind. ii. 567 (not of Linn.). C. formosa, Wall. Cat. 6982 A. C. acu- minata, Willd.; Wall. Cat. 6990 C (not A or B). C. tenuiflora and quad- riflora, DU. le, 247. C. erythrodasys, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2,99, Capparis sp. Grif. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, iv. t. 698. Ganeetic vatuey, &c., as far N. as Saharunpore; Wesrern Peninsoua, Carrra- cone to Peau; Cryton.—Disrris. Java, Philippines. Shrubby, climbing. Leaves 13-4 by 3-2 in., tip pungent, at length shining above and usually much reticulate. lowers 14-2 in., white or purplish ; buds globose; pedicels supra-axillary, 3-1 in., upper longer. #ruit 1-1} in. diam., obovoid or sub- globose, smooth, obtusely 4-angled, red-brown, many-seeded. ae 23. C. acuminata, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 247 ; young shoots and leaves beneath brown-tomentose, thorns straight or curved, leaves at length gla- brous broad-ovate obtusely acuminate, buds globose downy, flowers small. C. zeylanica, W. & A. Prodr. 25 (not of Linn, but perhaps of DU. Prodr.). Western Peninsula, Carnatic? Klein in Herb. Wight. Erect ?; branches slender. Leaves i}-2 by 1-1} in., obtusely acuminate, mem- branous; petiole 4-4 in. Flowers 2-4 in a series, white, axillary; pedicels 4-1 in. downy.—The specimen in Herb. Wight. is the only one known. It differs from C. hor- rida in the thorns and small white flowers. The original ticket bears the manuscript ‘name ferruginea of Klein, corrected by himself to acuminata, Willd., no doubt from corresponding specimens sent to Europe; the locality is unknown. 24. C. olacifolia, H. / & T. ; young branches brown-pubescent, thorns straight or slightly curved, leaves glabrous ovate-lanceolate taper-pointed, op acute obtuse or mucronate, flowers large, buds ovoid glabrous, sepals oblong ciliate, ovary pubescent. C. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 6990 A, B (not. C, nor of Willd.). Capparis, 1149, Griff. Itin. Notes, 199. Tropical Himalayan valleys, from Nipau, Wallich, to Assam, Griffith, &e. An erect shrub, 6-8 ft.; branches long, leafy, old glabrous. Leaves 3-6 by 1-23 in., base rounded or subacute, shining above, midrib of young puberulous. Flowers 14 in.” diam., (white, anthers blue) 2—3 in a series, axillary ; buds acute, glabrous or puberulous. Sepals margined. Petals narrowly obovate-oblong, pubescent. Fruzt 3 in. diam., globose, sharply beaked, black, smooth, shining. 2 Capparis.] XI. CAPPARIDER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 179 25. CG. sabieefolia, H. f. & 7.; branches glabrous, thorns 0, leaves glabrous oblong-lanceolate taper-pointed, pedicels 1-2 supra-axillary. Kuasia wins, alt. 4-6000 ft., A. f. & T. ; A shrub; branches slender. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1} in., base acute. Pedicels about 4in., slender, flowers unknown. Fruit pisiform, 1-2-seeded. 26. G. viminea, H. /..¢ T. ; branches. glabrous, thorns 0 or small coni- cal curved, leaves glabrous abruptly taper-pointed acute or obtuse, sepals ovate margins tomentose, petals oblong tomentose outside. Tropical valleys of Sixxim, Buoran, Assam, and Tenasserm. An erect shrub; branches long, slender. Leaves 24-44 by 1-2 in., thin; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1 in. diam.; white, 2-5 in a series, axillary, pedicels 4-1 in. F'rwit } in. diam., globose, purple, glabrous, several-seeded. 27. G. tenera, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot. ii.14; branches glabrous, thorns hooked, leaves glabrous ovate obovate or oblong acute or abruptly ee flowers small, sepals ovate, margins tomentose, petals tomentose outside. From Assam to Birma and Tznasserim; Canara, Concan and Crynon (Kandy, Thwartes). A woody climber, branches slender. Leaves 14-3 by 3-14 in., young very thin. Flowers }-4 in. diam., 1-3 in a series, axillary; pedicels 2-14 in., slender, glabrous. Fruit pisiform, few-seeded. The following vars. all pass one into another. Var. 1, Dalzellii; leaves ovate-lanceolate very membranous, flowers often solitary— C. tenera, Dalz. Le. y Var. 2. zeylanica ; leaves ovate, old firm and coriaceous, flowers 2-3 in a series.—. C. uncinata, Wall. Cat. 6998. C. tetrasperma, Thwaites Hnum. 15. Var. 3. latifolia; leaves obovate-oblong abruptly acuminate, old coriaceous, flowers 4-6 in a series—C. oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 6997 (not of Miquel). : 98. GC. Finlaysoniana, Wall. Cat. 6992 B (not A); branches glabrous, thorns very small nearly straight, leaves glabrous broad lanceolate obscurely reticulate above, sepals lanceolate acute glabrous, Stxcapore, Waillich, &.—Distris. Sumatra, Borneo. i An erect? glabrous shrub. Leaves 6-8 by 14-3 in.; coriaceous, smooth, shining, pale and yellow when dry below. Flowers (buds only) on the young branches supra- axillary, solitary or 2 in a series, appearing racemed when the leaves fall away ; pedi- cels 4-§ in.slender. Fruit (immature) ovoid-oblong, glabrous, ribbed, long-pedicelled.— Flowers of Bornean specimens rose-coloured. Buds and flowers larger than in C. micra- cantha and leaves not evidently cordate at base. 29. G.micracantha, DC. Prodr.i. 247 ; branches glabrous, thorns very small conic straight, leaves oblong or broad-lanceolate shining.and very reticulate above, sepals oblong acute ciliate. Blume Bid. 52; ae Fl. Ned. Ind, i. pt. 2,99. C. callosa, Blume I.c. 53. C. conspicua and C, Finlay- soniana, Wall, Cat. 6991 and 6992 A (not B). Pzau, Tewasserim, Wallich, &c.—Disrris. Siam, Java, Timor, Philippines. A large shrub or small tree; bark smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in., coriaceous, lower obtuse at both ends, upper narrowed towards the rounded or subcordate base, tip acute callous, pale beneath; petiole }-} in. Flowers 14 in. diam., 2-4 in a series, supra-axillary ; pedicels } in. or less. Petals 1 in., oblong. Ovary glabrous. Fruit 2-3 in., ovoid or subglobose, smooth. Inflorescence unknown. 30. C. favicans, Wall. Cat. 7003 ; branches tomentose, thorns 0, leaves glabrous oblong or obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse and mucronate 3-5 pli- -nerved, fruit solitary. 5 N 180 XI. CAPPARIDEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Capparis, . Birma, at Genanghuen and Selainmew, Wallich. . ‘Shrubby, branches spreading, tomentum appressed. Leaves 13-14 by 3-1 in., base rounded or subcordate; midrib with 2 oblique veins from about the middle; petiole din., pubescent. Fruit 1 in., subglobose, tomentose, many-seeded ; stalk as long. 31. G. glauca, Wall. Cat. 7005; branches hoary-pubescent, thorns re- curved, leaves glabrous narrow obovate-oblong obtuse or retuse penni- nerved. Brema, common:near Pagodas.at Pegamew, Wailich. 4 ; A shrub; branches rigid, spreading. Leaves 14-13 by 4-3 in., coriaceous, tapering to the acute base, pale and glaucous beneath; petiole 4 in., pubescent. lowers pro- bably unibelled, on stout axillary peduncles about § in.long. rut pisiform, glabrous, 1—2-seeded ; stalk 4 in.; gynophore very.short. : C. vartaBiuis, Wall. Cat. 7004, without flower or fruit, is indeterminable and aot a Capparis. ‘C, motiruscuta, Wall. Cat. 7006, isa Cansjera. An undescribed Sikkim species allied to C. floribunda, is figured amongst the Cathcart drawings (in Kew Library), with flowers 14 in. diam., many stamens, and a longer gynophore. 8 ROYDSIA, Roxh. Large ‘unarmed woody climbers, branches spotted white. Zeaves simple. Flowers yellow, racemed or panicled. Calyx 6-partite, segments 2-seriate, tips a little imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens indefinite, inserted above the base of the short cylindric gynophore. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled from the pro- longation of the placentas; style 3, subulate, stigmas small terminal ; ovules many, 2-serjate in the angles of the cells. Fruit fleshy, with a woody 3-valved 1-celled,,endocarp, 1-seeded. Seed erect, cotyledons fleshy, un- equal, longitudinally folded, the larger embracing the smaller.—Disrrip. Species 3, tropical Asiatic, 1. R. suaveolens, Roxb. Cor. Pi. iii. t. 289; Fl. Ind. ii. 643 ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or abruptly acuminate, endocarp of fruit smvuoth. Wall. Cat. 4200; Griff. Notul. iv. 578. Tropical forests of Sixxim, H. f., and Buoran, Griffith; Kuasia mitts, Roxburgh, &c. Branches glabrous or slightly pubescent. Leaves 6-12 by 2-5 in., glabrous, coria- ceous, bright green above, pale below ; petiole 3-1 in. Flowers % in. diam., pale yellow, sweet-scented, in long simple axillary or panicled terminal racemes ; buds tomentose ; bracts small, subulate, equalling the short.pedicels. Drupe 14 in., ovoid, scurfy, orange-coloured ; pulp yellow ; stalk short stout. é 2. KR. obtusifolia, 1.7 & 7. ; leaves oblong obtuse at both ends, endo- arp of fruit triquetrous muricate with long soft prickles. Rangoon, J’ Clelland. Branches glabrous. Leaves 3~5 by 1}~24 in., thickly coriaceous ;, petiole 3 in. Ra- cemes in terminal panicles ; flowers unknown. Drape 2 in., oblong, scurfy ; stalk short, stout. — R, rarvietona, Grif’. Notul, iv. 578; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t, 606, f. 6, belongs to Tiliacece. Orver XII. RESEDACEAG. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Herbs rarely shrubs. eaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect ; stipules 0, or minute and glandular. lowers small, spiked or racemed,' bracteate. XIL, RESEDACEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 181° Calyzx persistent, 4-7-partite, often irregular ; sepals imbricate in bud. Petals 2-7, hypogynous, entire or lobed, equal or the posticous larger, open in bud. Désk conspicuous, hypogynous (0 in Oligomeris). Stamens usually many, seated on the disk, free or connate, equal or unequal. Ovary 1-celled, of 2-6 connate carpels, often lobed at the top and open between the lobes which bear the sessile stigmas ; ovules on 2-6 parietal placentas, amphi- ‘tropous or eampylotropous. Fruit capsular (a berry in Detratiane ‘open at the top. Seeds many, reniform, albumen 0; embryo curved or folded, cotyledons incumbent.—Disrris, Europe, N. Asia, N. and 8. Africa; genera 6; species 20, Petals 4-7, lobed; ovary syncarpous . . . . . . . « . « 1. Resepa. Petals 2; ovary syncarpous . oe ee we we we ew ee 2 OLIGOMERIS. Petals 0; ovary syncarpous; fruita berry .. . . . . . « 3. OcHRADENUS. 1. RESEDA, Linn. Herbs. Leaves entire, lobed, or pinnatifid; stipules glandular. Calyx 47-partite, Petals 4~7, clawed, unequal, multifid, posticous one with a membrane above the claw. Disk broad, dilated posticously. Stamens 10-40. Ovary sessile or stalked ; placentas 3. Capsule many-sided, open at the top. —Drstrip. Species 26, N. Africa, W. Asia. : The European R. luteola is found in Afghanistan, and R. odorata (mignonette), (BR. nilgherrensis, J. Mull. Monog. Resed. 131), is commonly cultivated, 1. R. pruinosa, Delile Fl. Zgypt. 152 ; papillose, lower leaves lanceo- late, upper 3-5-partite, flowers very small subsessile, bracts minute. R. bracteata, Boiss, FU, Orient. 433; J. Mull. Monog. 154. Hills inthe Western Punsas, Vicary, &c. —Disrris. Eastward to Egypt. An erect perennial, 1-14 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., upper with linear segments. Racemes terminal, 6-9 in., dense; bracts subulate, deciduous. Capsules oblong or ovoid, short, widely gaping. 2. R. Aucheri, Boiss. F. Orient. i. 434 ; glabrous or slightly papillose, leaves obovate-spathulate acute or obtuse, flowers small, bracts linear- lanceolate. J. Mull. Monog. 146. Sinpu, Stocks.—Disrris. Eaetwards to Persia. A branched perennial, 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-2 in., tapering into a long petiole. Racemes terminal, dense ; flowers yellowish. Capsules as in 2. pruinosa. 2. OLIGOMERIS, Cambess. Herbs. Leaves linear, fascicled. Flowers small, spiked. Calyx 4-partite. Petals 2, free or connate. Disko. Stamens 3-8, free or monadelphous. Ovary 4-lobed, top open, placentas 4; ovules many. Capsule subglobose, angled, 4-pointed.—Disrrip. Species 4; 3 8, African, and the following. 1, O. glaucescens, Cambess. in be Voy. Bot, 23, t.25; leaves narrow- linear, stipules minute subulate, spike dense-flowered, flowers minute, cap- sule deeply 4-lobed. O. dispersa 8, J. Mull. Monog. 215, Reseda oligandra, Edgew. in Journ. As. Soc. Cale. vii. 764, and Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 203. Sixpu, and Pouwzaz, from the Jumna eastward, common; rare in the Concay hills.— Disrers. Westward to Spain and the Canaries. ~ ; ; An annual, erect, glaucous, much branched herb, 6-12 in. ; branches erect. Leaves 1-2 in. Spikes terminal, flowers greenish-white. Capsule very small, membranous. Seeds minute, shining. 182 XII, RESEDACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Ochradenus. 3. OCHRADENWS, Delile. Much branched shrubs ; branches slender. eaves small, linear. Flowers spiked or racemed, often polygamous. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 0. Disk unilateral, Stamens 10-20, inserted within’ the disk. Ovary ovoid, closed at the top, 3-beaked ; ovules many, on 3 placentas, #erry many-seeded.— Distrip, Species 2, a Spanish and the following. 1. O. baceatus, Delile Fl. 4. 15, t. 31, f. 1; leaves fleshy scattered linear-spathulate, racemes terminal, flowers minute. J. Mull. Monog..94; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 422 ; Griff. It. Notes, 228, No. 208. Sinpn, Vicary, &c.—Drsrrie, Westwards to Syria and Egypt. Shrubby, 6-12 ft.; branches glabrous, leafless when old. Leaves 4-1} in.; stipules minute or 0. Racemes rigid; flowers yellowish, 1-2-sexual. Stamens 10-12. Berry small, white. Seeds few, large. : Orver XIII. VIOLACEZG. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire or pinnatisect, stipulate. flowers regular or irregular, 2-bracteolate. Sepals 5, persistent, equal or unequal, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal, imbri- cate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; anthers free or connate, connective broad, produced beyond the cells, Ovavy sessile, 1-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate truncate or cupular entire or lobed; ovules many, on 3 parietal placentas, anatropous. wit a3-valved capsule, rarely a berry. Seeds small, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, cotyledons flat.-—DistRIB. Genera 21, species 240; natives of temp. and trop, regions. TRIBE I. Violeze. Corolla irregular ; lower petal dissimilar, Stami- nodes 0. Capsule loculicidal, Sepals produced at the base . . . . . . . . . . | 1. Viona. Sepals not produced at the base. . . . . «. . . « . 2. Jonsprum. Tre II. Alsodeiew. Corolla regular. Staminodes 0. Fruit a berry or loculicidal capsule. : 3. ALSODELA. 1. VIOZA, Linn. Herbs, rarely shrubby below. /lowers, on 1-, rarely 2-flowered peduncles ‘often dimorphic, some large petalled which ripen few seeds, others small petalled or apetalous and very prolific. Sepals produced at the base. Petals erect or Spreading, lower largest, spurred or saccate at the base. Anthers connate, connectives of two lower often spurred at the base, Style clavate or truncate, tip straight or oblique, stigma obtuse lobed or cupular. Cap- sule 3-valved. Seeds ovoid or globose.—Drstrip, Species about 100, all temp. regions, The Pansy or Heartsease (Viola tricolor) occurs occasionally in India, as an escape from cultivation. * Stigma obliquely 2-lobed, not beaked ; lobes short, spreading. 1. V. biflora, Z.; glabrous or pubescent, leaves reniform, stipules ovate or oblong, flowers yellow, sepals linear-obtuse, spur very short. Viola. | XIII. VIOLACER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) ‘188 Wallichiana, Ging. in DO. Prodr. i. 300. V. reniformis, Wall. Cat. 1443 ; Royle (ll. 74, t. 18, £.2; Roxb, Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii, 457. Temrerate Himataya from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6-1 1,000 ft.—Disrris. N. Asia, Caucasus, Europe. Rootstock slender. Stem 3-12 in., erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., crenate, cauline 2-3, ** Stigma terminal, truncate, dilated depressed orbicular or lobed. 2. 'V. Patrinii, DC. Prodr. i. 293 ;-glabrous or pubescent, stemless, without stolons, leaves triangular ovate oblong or linear-crenate or serrate, “base hastate cordate or cuneate, stipules linear adnate, flowers lilac, sepals lanceolate, spur saccate. Wail. Cat. 1445. V. primulifolia, Linn. in part ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 650, V. grandifolia and V. mysorensis, Wall. Cat. 1446, 1447. V. chinensis and V. cespitosa, Don Prodr. 205. V. nilagirica, Ture, in Bull. Mose, xxxvi. 536. V. Walkerii, Wet. Ill. i. 42,t.18 V. Pa- trinii var. nepaulensis, DC. l.c. Temperate Hutanaya, alt. 4-8000 ft. from Kashmir to Bhotan; Wrstern Tet; Kuasra enix ; hills of the Western Pentnsuna, and Cuynon.—Disrris, Affghanistan, N. Asia, Japan, Mid. Russia. Very variable. ootstock woody. Leaves very variable, largest 3-4 by 1-2 in., nar- rowesi 3-4 by $-1 in.; petiole 2-4 in., often winged. Stipules entire. Flowers 4 in. diam. Style nearly straight, slender; stigma 3-lobed, margined. Capsule straight, +4 in.; valves narrow, acute. : 3, 'V. diffusa, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 298; softly hairy, stemless, sto- loniferous, leaves elliptic-ovate obtuse crenate base cuneate rarely cordate, stipules free narrow tovthed, sepals subacute, spur globose. Wall. Cat. 1444. V. tenuis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i, 482, Sustrorican Hmataya from Nipal to Mishmi, in fields, alt. 3-5000 ft.; Kuasia Mrs.—Disrris. China. ' Perennial. Leaves tufted, 1-} in., pale green; petiole broadly winged, rarely equalling the blade. Stolons short, sometimes floriferous, lowers pale-purple. Style slender, narrowed-downwards from the 2-lobed margined obscurely-beaked stigma. 4, V. Hookeri, 7. Thoms. ; glabrous or young parts pilose, stem and stolons short, leaves orbicular-reniform broadly crenate, petiole not _Winged, stipules narrow free toothed or lacerate, sepals obtuse or acute, spur saccate, Eastern Himaraya; Bhotan, alt. 6-7000 ft., Griffith; Sikkim, alt. 8-11,000 ft., £. Lolitous slender. Leaves $14 in., rather fleshy, crenatures very broad and shallow; petiole 1-3 in., slender. lowers white or very pale blue, small. Style slender, narrowed downwards from the 3-lobed obscurely beaked stigma. Capsules small.—Perhaps two species are mixed here, and if so they occur in both the Sikkim and Bhotan collections ; one is small, very hairy when young, with more reniform leaves and shorter obtuse sepals; the other is larger, almost wholly glabrous, with more ovate minutely gland- dotted leaves having rounded sometimes overlapping basal auricles, and acute sepals; of this latter some of Griffith’s specimens are marked as from East Bengal (Khasia hills), but through an obvious transposition of tickets. 5. V. distans, Wall. Cat. 4022, and in Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calc. vii. 227; glabrous or nearly so, stolons or stems usually long leafy and.’ flowering, leaves ovate- or deltoid-cordate usually acute crenate-serrate, sti- pules entire or fimbriate, sepals acute, spur saccate, capsule linear-oblong 184 XII. VIoLAcEz. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Viola, many-seeded, V. Wightiana var. glabra, Thwaites Enum. 20. V. Noto- niana, Wall. Cat.1449, V. Metziana, Hohen. Pl. Exsicc. No. 1501. Temperate Himazaya, from Nipal to Bhotan, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; Kuasta nits, alt. 4-6000 ft. Purwey and Nireurmt Mrs.; Czyzon, alt. 6-7000 ft.—Disrris, Java? Rootstock slender -or stout. Stems 1-14 in., usually long and trailing. Leaves 3-14 in., very variable, sinus broad or narrow, shallow or deep; petals not winged. Flowers 4+ in. diam, pale lilac or blue. Style slender, narrowed downwards from the obscurely 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 4-4 in., valves acute —It is very difficult to distin. guish this from V. serpens, by leaf or flower, and. the characters of the stigma and fruit ore probably sexual; some of the synonyms quoted under each may apply to the other. , Var. 1. distans proper ; stipules nearly entire. V. serpens, Wall. Cat. 1441 (not cs Fl. Ind.), ?V.palmaris, Buch in DO. Prodr. i. 298, Don Prodr. 205.—Nipal, hasia hills. ‘ oe Var. 2. fimbriata’; stipules lacerate or fimbriate—Sikkim. Var. 3. acaulis; stemless, stipules fimbriate.—Sikkim, alt. 7-9000 ft. *** Stioma very oblique or quite lateral, often minute and perforated. 6. V. serpens, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 449 (not of Cat.),and -in DC. Prodr. i. 296 ; hirsute or glabrous, stolons or stems usually long leafy and flowering, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse or acute crenate-serrate, stipules toothed or fimbriate, spur saccate, sepals acute, capsules globose few-seeded. Royle Iil.'74, t. 18, £. 1; W. dé A. Prodr. 32. V. Wightiana var. pubescens, Thwaites Enum. 20. V. pilosa, Blume Byd. 57. Moist woods, &c., throughout the Temperate Himanaya, Kasia nILis, PuLNey a Nizegiri Mrs., and Czytoy, alt. 5-7000 ft. ? Moumein, Parish—Distrin. Java, ina. Leaves 1-2 in., sinus open or closed, shallow or deep. Flowers from the main stem 2-4 in. diam.; those from the axils of the cauline leaves smallor minute. Capsules often pubescent.—As variable in habit and foliage as V. distans, from which the stigma alone distinguishes the glabrous forms whén these are not in fruit, and we suspect that these differences are sexual, the stigmas of the smaller fertile flowers appearing to be more truncate than those of the large flowers. The N.W. India specimens are shorter- stemmed than those from moister districts. V. Grifithiana, Boiss., of Affghanistan, differs in the more cylindric spur and swollen style above with rounded top, and in the is evident beak. V. hirta, L., differs chiefly in the latter character and obtuse sepals. ie : mo 1. glabra; glabrous and very stoloniferous. ? V. Hagmiltoniana, Don Prodr. Var. 2. canescens, Wail. Cat. 1442 (sp.), and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 450; , often stemless, hoary or pubescent. V. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4021. V. Royleana, Wall. Cat. 1448. V. Griffithiana, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 456. Var. 3. confusa, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 20 (sp.); stemless or nearly so, stolons 0. V. Wightiana, We. Jc. t. 943. V. aspera, Ging. in DC. Prodr.i. 295. | 7. 'V. odorata, L. ; glabrate or pubescent, stem 0, stolonsslender, leaves tufted broadly ovate cordate obtuse crenate, stipules entire or toothed, .sepals very obtuse, spur nearly straight short subcylindric, style inflated above, stigma decurved. Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 458. (Sweet Violet.) r Kasumi, alt. 5-6000 ft., Falconer, T. Z'.—Disrriw. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. sia. _Rootstock stout. Stems very short or 0. Leaves (in the Kashmir plant) 4-1 in. age! tip rounded, nearly glabrous; stipules subulate-lanceolate. Sepals rounded at e tip. Viola.) XIII. VIOLACES. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 185 8. V. canina, var. sylvatica, Fries. (sp.) ; rootstock short or 0, flowering stems from a short central axis, leaves ovate-cordate obtuse crenate-serrate, stipules leafy fimbriate, sepals acute or acuminate, spur straight or hooked, style of V. odorata. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 459. Kasumir and Kisarwar, alt. 4-8000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—Distrie. N, Asia, and westward to the Atlantic. : ; Best distinguished from V. odorata by the acute or acuminate sepals. 9. V. Falconeri, H./. & T.; stem 0 or very short, stolons or branches stout erect 6-10 in., leaves large ovate-cordate very broadly crenate and very large foliaceous toothed stipules densely covered with black glands, flowers 2 in. diam., sepals subulate-lanceolate, spur saccate, anther-spurs exceeding the cells. Kasumir, Falconer, . A very remarkable species, resembling V. acuminata, Led. (a form of cantna), of ‘Siberia and Manchuria, but with much larger flowers and gland-dotted leaves.: 10. V. kunawarensis, Royle Ill. 75, t, 18, £. 3; small, glabrous, stem- less, stolons 0, leaves tufted oblong obtuse subentire base cuneate, sepals short tips rounded, spur short obtuse, style clavate, stigma subhorizontal. hardly beaked. Western Tiser and Trseran Himatayra, from Kumaon to Balti, alt. 11-15,500 ft.— Distriz. Affghanistan. . Rootstalk slender, woody, much branched. Leaves tufted, 4-2 in., tapering into the slender petiole, pale green. lowers 4-} in. diam., purple. Capsules elliptic, acute. ll. V. cinerea, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 454; small, glabrous, stems short diffuse branched, leaves elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acute obscurely crenate, base acute, stipules leafy fimbriate, flowers small axillary, sepals lanceolate aristate, spur very short, style clavate compressed, stigma lateral of 2 oblong parallel disks, Dry hilly region of the PunsaB and Sinps, common.—Distris. Affghanistan, Persia, - Arabia. Slightly powdery. Stems 1-6 in. Leaves +-4 in., apiculate, petioles as long. Peduneles slender, bracts subulate. Flowers 4 in. diam. Capsules }-} in., elliptic, acute. V. apetata, Roxb. ? Wail. Cat. 1440, resembles an apetalous form of A. Patrinit. V. pusia, Wall. Cat. 1450, is probably a form of V. serpens. — 2. TONIDIUM, Ventenat. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. Flowers axil- lary, orange or purple. Sepals 5, subequal, not produced at the base. Petals 5, lower larger, clawed, saccaté or spurred at the base. Anthers connate or free, 2 or 4 of them gibbous or spurred at the back. Ovary ovoid; style clavate, incurved, stigma oblique. Capsule 3-valved, subglobose, few- seeded. Seeds globose, testa crustaceous.—Distris, Species about 40, chiefly tropical American, 1, I. suffruticosum, Ging. in DC. Prodr. i. 311; glabrous or pubes- cent, leaves linear or lanceolate serrate-toothed, flowers solitary. Wall. Cat. 1439; W.d A. Prodr. 32; Wight Ill. t. 19; Zc. t..808, I. enneasper- mun, DC.; Wall, Cat. 1438; W.d&_A, Prodr. 33, I, Wightianum, Wall, Cat. 4020. I. leptorhizum, DC.; W.d A.he. I. heterophyllum and erec- tum, DC. Jc. 308, 311. I. hexaspermum, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ, iv. 342.; _ Bomb, Fl. 12, Viola suffruticosa and enneasperma, Roxb. Fl. Ind, i, 649 ; Ed. Wail. ii. 417. ' V. frutescens and erecta, Hoth, Nov. Sp. 168, 186 XIII. VIOLACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Zonidium, Abundant from Buxpetkunp and Acra, to Beneau and Czyton.—Distris. Tropicat Asia, Africa, and Australia. . Very variable, 6-12 in., perennial; branches diffuse, woody. Leaves 14-2 by 7,—f in, subsessile ; stipules subulate, gland-tipped. Flowers red; pedicels shorter than the ‘leaves. Petals variable, 4 oblong acute or mucronate, the 5th with a long claw, and large oval or orbicular limb. Seeds striate. 2. I. ramosissimum, Jhwaites Enum. 21; leaves closely imbricate narrow-linear quite entire glaucous, flowers solitary. Ceynon, banks of the Mahawelliganga at Havagam, Thaaites. : Shrubby, suberect, 6-8 in., branches suberect. Leaves 1-14 in., mucronate, veinless, margins recurved. Flowers as in I. suffruticoswm. 3. ALSODEIA, Thouars. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate (rarely opposite), distichous ; secondary nerves often numerous and parallel. Stipules rigid. lowers small, axil- lary or terminal, solitary fascicled cymose or racemose, regular ; peduncles with many bracts. Sepals 5, subequal, rigid. Petals 5, subequal, sessile. Stamens 5, inserted inside or on an annular disk ; connective produced into a long or short often broad membranous appendage, Ovary ovoid; style straight, stigma terminal; ovules few or many. Capsule 3-valved, few- seeded. Seeds glabrous in the E. Ind. species,—Distris. Species about 40, chiefly tropical American. Scct. I. Doryctandra, Hassk. (Gen.). Stamens exserted, filaments slender ; anthers cohering in a cone. 1. A. Roxburghii, Wail. Cat. 7189 (Pentaloba?); branchlets pubes- cent on one side, leaves glabrous small elliptic or cuneate lanceolate obtuse subcrenate perforate at the nerve axils beneath, flowers fascicled glabrous. Arn. in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 348. Vareca heteroclita, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 648. Doryctandra Roxburghii, Hassk. in Retzia. i, 126. Oune, Genl. Martin; Srtuer, Wallich ; Anpamans, Kurz. A small shrub; branchlets compressed. Leaves 1-14 by 4~8 in., sessile, pale be- neath, nerves few, venules obsolete. Stipules 4 in., subulate from a* broad base. Flowers subsessile, 3; in. diam., white. Sepals unequal, obtuse. Petals linear, tips revolute. Disk 10-toothed. Filaments glabrous ; anthers white, narrow-linear, almost as long as the filaments, base of cells tomentose ; appendage oblong, obtuse. Ovary glabrous; style filiform, pubescent. Capsule 1, few-seeded. Sect. II. Stamens included ; anthers free. Disk cupular. * Ovary and style glabrous, 2. A. bengalensis, Wall. in Trans. Med. and Phys. Soc. Calc, vii. 224; glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath bearded, stipules slender, flowers fascicled, filaments very short, tip of connective short broad. Pentaloba? bengalensis, Wall. Cat. 4896 ; Arn. in Mag. Zool. and Bot, it. 542. Singer, Wallich, Grifith; Anpamans, Kurz. A shrub or small tree? Leaves 3-5 by 1}~-23 in., shining, tip obtuse ; petiole 4 in. Stipules 4 in., narrow lanceolate. Peduncles 4-4 in., 1-flowered, glabrous or pube- rulous ; bracts minute, basal, ovate, subacute. lowers 4 in. diam., glabrous. Sepals broad, ovate, § the length of the oblong-ovate petals. Disk thick, 5-lobed. Anthers glabrous, oblong. Capsule 4 in., quite glabrous, 3-4-seeded. Alsodeia.] XIII. VioLACEH, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 187 3, A. zeylanica, Thwaites Enum. 21; branchlets puberulous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath bearded, stipules broad-subulate, flowers fascicled, filaments|very short, tip of connective short broad. Pentaloba zeylanica, Arn, in Mag. Zool. and Bot. ii. 543. Maxasar, Herb. Wight.; Cocuin, Johnstone ; Cayton, in the Ratnapoora district, -Gardner, &c. Very closely allied to A. bengalensis and perhaps a variety of it, but the branchlets are puberulous, the stipules broader, the leaves more obscurely serrulate, the flowers on shorter pedicels, that are crowded on stout peduncles, and the petals are more linear.— A. obtusa, Korth., and A. Brownii, Korth., come very near to this and A. bengalensis. 4. A. Wallichiana, ZH. /. & T. ; quite glabrous, leaves petioled large ‘linear- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath not bearded, flowers 2-3 together axillary peduncled quite glabrous. Pentaloba macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 4024. Prnane, Porter. : ’ Branches stout. Leaves 7-12 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shining, yellow when dry ; nerves strong, many, arching ; petiole stout, 4-3 in. Stipules 4-2 in., linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Peduncles §-24 in., usually 2 together, glabrous, with many small ovate-subulate basal bracts and bracteoles. Flowers § in. diam, erect. Sepals ovate, acute, very rigid, glabrous. Petals ovate-oblong, rigid, twice as long as the sepals. Dish cupular, wem- branous, entire or obscurely 5-lobed. Filaments subulate, flattened, dilated below, adnate to the disk; anthers oblong, cells gibbous at the outer base, tip of connective suborbicular broader than the cells. Ovary globose; style glabrous, short, stigma truncate 3-lobed ; ovules 6. Capsule 3 in., glabrous. 5, A. racemosa, Hf. & T. ; glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-obovate acuminate serrulate, nerve-axils beneath not bearded, petiole puberulous, flowers in erect axillary racemes, filaments subulate. Assam, Herb. Griffith. ‘Branches strict, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 14-13 in., rather oblique, membranous, base subacute; nerves slender, arching; petiole } in., slender. Stipules 2y in., ovate, acumi- nate. Racemes 2-3 in., simple, erect, strict, stout, flowering throughout their length; bracteate and 2 bracteolate at the base of each short pedicel; bracts like the stipules, persistent, bracteoles minute. Flowers horizontal, $ in. diam. Sepals ovate, sub- ciliate. Petals twice as long, oblong, obtuse. Filaments subulate, connate at the base with the disk into a cup, glabrous; anthers ovate, tip of connective broad, subacute, cells hairy at the base. Ovary 6-ovuled. ** Ovary and style pubescent or tomentose. t Leaves glabrous or nearly so. ; 6 &. Griffithii, 7. f ¢& 7. ; branchlets and petioles puberulous, leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate serrulate glabrous, nerve-axils beneath bearded flowers fascicled on short branched peduncles, filaments very short, tip of connective broad orbicular. Brema, near the Serpentine mines in the Hookoom valley, Griffith. . Branches stout. Leaves 8-10 by 3-4 in., shining above, midrib beneath with a few short hairs or glabrous; petiole 4 in., stout. Stipules 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, hard, pubescent. Peduncles clustered, very stout. Flowers crowded, § in. diam., pubescent. Sepals broadly ovate, half as long as the petals. Disk fleshy, 5-lobed. Filaments very -short; anthers with a short spur at the outer base of each cell, and a very large orbi- -cular membranous ciliolate tip to the connective, which is broader than the anther. Ovary and style hairy.—This resembles a Philippine Island species (Cuming. n. 1074) which has glabrous Howers, also the 4. macrophylla, Don (of Timor) which has an acuminate tip to the connective. ‘188 XIII. VIOLACEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Alsodein, 7. A. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 4023 (Pentaloba) ; glabrous, leaves narrow- lanceolate acuminate obscurely serrulate, nerve-axils beneath unbearded, flowers in short cymes pubescent, filaments longer than the anthers, tip of connective subulate. Vareca lanceolata, Roxb, £1. Ind. i. 648. Penane, Jack., Porter, &c. ous An erect shrub. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., smooth and shining on both surfaces, sub- sessile, base narrowed. Stipules } in., subulate from a broad base, or lanceolate, gla- brous. lowers pale yellow, shortly pedicelled. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals twice as long, linear-lanceolate, subacute. Filaments glabrous, adnate to the 5-lobed disk; anthers ovate, contracted into the acuminate tip of the connective. Ovary and style densely villous. Capsule } in., pubescent or glabrate, several-seeded, 8 A. Maingayi, H. / & TZ. ; glabrous, leaves subsessile elliptic or -elliptic-lanceolate or obovate-oblong shortly acuminate serrulate, nerves strong, axils beneath not bearded, flowers in peduncled axillary cymes crowded pubescent, sepals oblong, stamens tomentose. Matacca, Grifith, Maingay. A tree? Leaves very variable in size and shape, the longest narrow-lanceolate, 10. by 2 in.; the broadest 5 by 3 in, shortly oblong tending to become obovate, often some- what oblique, base rounded or acuminate, young pilose; nerves many, strong, arching and inosculating within the margin. Stepules 4 in., subulate-lanceolate. Cymes with stout glabrous peduncles 4-1 in. long, dichotomously branched. lowers 4 in. diam, sessile or pedicelled. Sepals broadly oblong, ciliolate. Petals rather longer, obtuse, bearded down the centre on both surfaces. Filaments adnate to the cup-shaped 10-lobed disk, broad, stout, tomentose within ; anthers small, ovoid, connective pubescent, with a glabrous short obtuse membranous tip. tt Branchlets and leaves tomentose. 9. A. mollis, H. /. é T.; softly tomentose, leaves obovate- or oblong- lanceolate acuminate obscurely toothed, flowers in dense axillary tomentose cymes, outer sepals large orbicular, filaments pubescent above. Tenasserm, Griffith, Helfer. ‘ A shrub, branches and leaves thickly tomentose beneath with short spreading hairs. Leaves 6-10 by 2-24 in., acute or acuminate, often oblique, membranous, pubescént above with a tomentose midrib; petiole Jin. Stipules 3-} in., subulate-lanceolate, pilose. Cymes peduncled or subsessile. Flowers 4 in. diam., subsessile, crowded, ochreous. Sepals very unequal, inner oblong. Petals narrow, erect, rigid, with revo- lute tips, hairy upwards. /ilaments inserted on the cupular 10-15-lobed disk; authers shorter, ovate, narrowed into the short acute tip of the connective. Ovary 6-ovuled. Capsule 4 in., densely pubescent.—Very near A. dasycaula, Miguel, of Sumatra, but much more densely tomentose. 10. A. echinocarpa, Korthals. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch, i. 359; densely tomentose, leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate usuall: _coarsely toothed, flowers in densely tomentose axillary cymes, outer sep: oblong, capsules thickly clothed with felted brown-tomentose branched a Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 116. Medusa anguifera, Lour, Fl. ‘och, 406. Matacea, Grigith, Maingay.—Distriw. Sumatra, Cochin-China. Very similar to A. mollis in foliage, stipules, and structure of the flowers, disk,, sta- mens and ovary, but the leaves are shorter-petioled and usually more deeply toothed, the cymes shorter, the sepals all oblong, filaments glabrous, and the frnits form spherical balls 1-2 in. diam. of matted branched filaments which arise from the capsule, whose yalves are Zin. long. Seeds few, large. Alsodeta.] XII1. VIOLACEHZ. (Hook.f & Thoms.) * 189 Sect. III. Scyphellandra, Thwaites (Gen.). Stamens included: an- thers free. Dusk reduced to 5 scales, one at the back of each anther oe 1l. A. virgata, Thwaites (Scyphellandra) ; twigs pubescent with curled hairs, leaves small petioled ovate or oblong toothed glabrous obtuse at both ends. Hot dry parts of Certon, Thwaites. j A small shrub. Leaves very variable, 4-14 in.; petiole pubescent. Stipules minute lanceolate. Flowers subsolitary, axillary, peduncled or subsessile, 4 in. diam., whitish. Petals sessile, linear-oblong, twice as long as the broadly ovate obtuse ciliolate sepals. Anthers subsessile, tip of the connective petaloid, much exceeding the cells, ovate, sub- ‘acute. Ovary small glabrous; style slender, stigma. minutely 3-lobed; ovules one on each placenta. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds subglobose. Orver XIV. BIXINEZS. (By Hooker f. & Thomson.) Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate ; stipules minute or 0. ‘Inflorescence various, lowers regular, 1—2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, rarely -2-6, imbricate free or connate and bursting irregularly, usually deciduous. Petals 4-5 or 0, imbricate or contorted in bud, deciduous. Stamens usually hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, bursting by slits or pores. Dzsk thickened, often glandular, Ovary 1-, rarely several-celled; style and stigmas free or united; ovules parietal, amphitropous or anatropous. /'rwit dry or fleshy, indehiscent or valvular, valves bearing the seeds in the middle, Seeds arillate or testa ulpy, albumen fleshy ; embryo axile, cotyledons foliaceous often cordate — ISTRIB, Chiefly tropical ; genera 30; species 160. ‘ Tre l. Bixeze. Petals broad, contorted, without a scale or basal ap- pendage. Anthers bursting by pores or short slits, Capsule almost 3-5-celled. Leaves compountl. . . . . 1. Cocntospermum. ‘Capsule 2-valved. Leaves simple . 3 . 1* Brea. Tre II. Flacourtiew. Petals small, imbricate or 0. Anthers short, bursting by slits. -Flowers 2-sexual. Petals 4-6. Stamensindefinite . . . 2. Sconorza. Flowers 2-sexual. Petals 5-6. Stamens 5-6... . . 8. Eryrurospermoum. Flowers usually. dicecious. Petals 0. Ovary 2~8-celled. . 4. Fuacourtta, Flowers dicecious. Petals 0. Ovary 1-celled. Seeds glabrous 5. Xyuosma. ‘Flowers dicecious. Petals 0. Ovary I-celled. Seeds hairy 6. ABERIA. ‘Tre lll Pangiew. Flowers diccious. Petals with an adnate scale or basal appendage. Sepalsconnate. Stamens verymany ... . . - . 7 GyNocaRDIA. Sepals connate. Stamens5 ......- =. =. . ~ 8 TRicHADENTA. Sepals free: Stamens 5-8 . . . .. =. +... « 9 Hypnocarrus. —» 1. COCHLOSPERMUM, Kunth. Trees or shrubs, juice yellow or red. Leaves digitately lobed or divided. Flowers large, yellow, 2-sexual, Sepals 5,.deciduous. Petals 5, large, con- . forted in bud. Stamens many, on an eglandular disk; anther-cells with pores or short slits. Ovary globose, almost 3-5-celled ; style simple, stigma toothed; ovules very many, on 3-5 parietal placentas. Capsule 3-5-valved, endocarp membranous. Seeds cochleate; testa hard, woolly; embryo curved.—Distais, About 11 species, all tropical. 190 XIV. BIXINEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Cochlospermum. 1. G Gossypium, DC. Prodr. i. 527; leaves palmately 3—5-lobed tomentose beneath, lobes acute entire. Wall, Cat. 1843; Waght in Hook. Bot, Misc. ii. 357, Suppl. t.18; W. & A. Prodr. 87; Planch, in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot, vi. 306. Bombax gossypium, Linn. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 169, = Dry hills Garwaat, Bunpeigonp, Besar, Orissa and the Dexxan; also com- monly planted near temples. A ‘small naked tree; branchlets tomentose. Leaves 3-8 in. diam., old glabrous; petiole slender. Flowers 4-5 in. diam., in few-flowered terminal panicles, golden yellow. Sepals silky. Petals obovate, notched. Capsule 2-3 in., 5-lobed. 1* BIXA, Linn. Atree. Leaves simple; stipules minute. 7owers in terminal panicles, 2-sexual, Sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous, Petals 5, contorted in bud. Anthers opening by 2 terminal pores. Ovary 1-celled ; style slender, curved, stigma notched ; ovules many, on 2 parietal placentas. Capsule loculici- dally 2-valved, placentas on the valves. Seeds many, funicle thick, testa pulpy ; albumen fleshy ; embryo large, cotyledons flat. B. Orutirana, L.; Rowb, Fl. Ind. ii. 31; W. & A. Prodr, 31. (Anatto.) Cultivated throughout Inpra, and the tropics generally, for the red dye afforded by the testa.—Native of America. A small evergreen tree. Leaves 4-8 by 24-5 in., cordate, acuminate, glabrous; petiole slender, 2-3 in, lowers 2 in. diam., purple or white. Capsule 14 in., ovoid or subglobose, base intruded, softly prickly. 2. SCOLOPIA, Schreber. Trees, spinous in India, spines often compound. Leaves alternate, entire ; stipules minute or 0. Flowers small, racemed, axillary, 2-sexual. Sepals 4-6, slightly imbricate in bud. Pedals 4-6, subsimilar, imbricate in bud. Stamens many; anthers ovoid, opening by slits, connective produced. Ovary 1-celled; style erect, stigma entire or lobed; ovules few, on 3-4 parietal placentas. Berry 2-4-seeded. Seeds with long funicles, testa hard; go one foliaceous—DistRiB. Species about 15 ; Australian, Asiatic, and rican. 1. S. rhinanthera, Clos. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii. 252; leaves lanceolate. or oblong-lanceolate crenulate 5-plinerved, petiole 2-glandular at the top, racemes pubescent, sepals and petals 4 each, fruit pisiform 2-6- seeded. Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 107. Phoberos rhinanthera, Benn. Pi. Jav. Rar. 187, t. 39. P. macrophylla, W. & A. Prodr. 30. Flacourtia inermis, Wall. Cat. 6673 G, H, only. Mauacea, Griffith —Distrr. Java, Borneo. _Atree. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in., coriaceous, shining, base rounded or acute, teeth glandular; petiole in. Macemes 3-4 in.; flowers 1- or more-bracteate. Sepals downy. ioe twice as long, glabrous, ciliate. Connective of anthers glabrous. Ovary globose. 2. S. Roxburghii, (los. /.c. 250; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate subcrenate glabrous 3-5-plinerved at the base, petiole 2-glandular at the top or not, racemes softly pubescent, sepals and petals 6 each, fruit olive- formed. Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2,107, Phoberos Roxburghii, Benn. Pl. Jav. Rar, 192, Ludia spinosa, Roxb, Fl, Ind. ii. 507. Flacourtia stigma- rota, Wall, Cat. 6678, i part, Scolopia. | XIV. BIXINEE. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 191 _Moreut, Grifith—Drsreiz. Sumatra. Spines on trunk compound. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2} in., coriaceous, shining above; petiole 4-3 in. Racemes axillary, 1 in. ; flowers yellow, solitary, bracts deciduous. Disk pab t. Connective ciliate. 3, S. crenata, Clos, /:c. 250; leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate obtusely or acutely acuminate subcrenate glabrous obscurely 3-5-plinerved, petiole }-;in., racemes axillary glabrous or puberulous, sepals and petals 5~6 each, fruit globose green (dry size of a cherry). §. pseudo-crenata, acuminata, chinensis, lanceolata, and_crassipes, Clos. lc. S. seva, Hance in Ann. Se. Nat. Sér. 4, xviii. 182. Phoberos’ crenatus, W. & A. Prodr. 29: Dalz & Gibs, Bomb, Fl. 11. P. lanceolatus and P. Wightianus, W. & A. Prodr. 30, P. acuminatus, Hookerianus, and Arnottianus, Thwaites Enum. 17 and 400, Flacourtia sapida and crenata, Wail. Cat. 6675 H, 6679. Mazazar, Canara, Matson, and Cerzoy, in hilly districts.—Disrrim. China and Philippines. Branches of young trees armed, of old unarmed. Leaves 2-6 by 1-2 in., base acute, teeth glandular, shining above, pale and reticulate beneath; petiole 4-4 in. Racemes 1-3 in., terminal flowers at times corymbose; bracts deciduous; pedicels 1-3-flowered. Connective of anthers glabrous. —Excessively variable. S. dasyanthera, Bennett, united with this by Clos, is a different species. ‘ 4. S. Geertneri, Thwaites Enum. 400; leaves oblong to orbicular obtuse or acute glabrous, petiole very short, racemes simple, sepals and petals 5 each, fruit pisiform red fleshy. S. pusilla, Moon. Cat.; Clos. l.c, 251. Limonia pusilla, Gaertn. Fruct. i, 279, t. 58, £. 4, Certoy, from the sea coast to 1500 ft. A tree, spines compound on the trunk, simple or 0 on the branches. Leaves 1-3 by $-2 in.; coriaceous, base rounded cordate or subacute, thin, reticulate on both surfaces; petiole 7,—¢ in. 3. ERYTHROSPERMUM, Lamarck. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, quite entire. Mlowers racemed fascicled or panicled, 2-sexual. Sepals 4-6, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-6, usually small. Stamens 4-6; anthers lanceolate-sagittate, connective dilated. Ovary. l-celled ; style short, stigma entire or 3~-4-fid; ovules many, on 3-4 pa- rietal placentas. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved ; valves bearing the seeds on the middle. Seeds few, testa coriaceous or fleshy ; embryo incurved.— Disrrr. Species 6, all Mascarene but the following. 1. E. phytolaccoides, Gard. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 9; gla- brous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or subserrate, flowers 5-merous. Thwazites Enum. 18. Ceyton, in the Ambamagowa and Ratnapoora districts. ? A tree, 30-40 ft. Leaves 34-8 by 14-3 in., shining above, base acute ; petiole 4-3 in. Racemes axillary and terminal, simple or panicled, many-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam., white: Sepals ovate, obtuse, equalling. the ovate-oblong ciliate petals. Anthers large, on very short filaments. Capsule globose, 3-4-valved, 4 in. diam., 1-2-seeded. Seeds globose; testa red. 4, FLACOURTIA, Commers. Trees or shrubs, often spinous. Leaves toothed or crenate. Flowers small, dicecious, rarely 2-sexual. Sepals 4-5, small, imbricate. Petals 0. Stamens many; anthers versatile. Ovary on a glandular disk ; styles 2 or 192 XIV. BIXINEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [ Flacourtia,: more, stigmas notched or 2-lobed ; ovules usually in pairs on each ‘placenta. Fruit indehiscent, endocarp hard, with as many cells as seeds. , Seeds obo- void, testa coriaceous ; cotyledons orbicular—Durstris. About 12 species, natives of the Old World, some are cultivated in various tropical countries. After a long study of extensive suites of specimens, we find ourselves quite unable to distinguish the forms of several species of this genus, and especially of 5, 6, 7, and 8, which are all excessively variable. * Leaves usually more or less lanceolate and acuminate. 1. F. sumatrana, Planch. mss. in Herb. Hook. ; unarmed, leaves ob- long acuminate base cordate glabrous obtusely gland-serrate, nerves be- neath pubescent, lowest close-set, flowers racemed dicecious, stigmas 2-lobed. Wall. Cat. 6678 A, in part. % Ludia foetida, Roxb, : Tenasserm, Helfer.—Distrm. Sumatra, Young branches only puberulous. Leaves 5-10 by 24-43 in., thin, coriaceous, shining above; petiole }—4 in., and midrib below pubescent. Racemes axillary, fascicled, short. Disk cupular. Ovary 4-7-celled ; styles 4-7. Fruit small, oblong. 2, FE. inermis, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. 16, t. 222; Fl. Ind. iii. 833; unarmed, leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate obtusely serrate glabrous, flowers 2-sexual in fascicled pubescent racemes, stigmas 2-lobed, Jack, Mal. Misc., and in Hook. Bot. Misc. i. 289; Wall. Cat. 6673, excl. G, H,1; W. & A. Prodr. 29. 1¥F. quintuplinervis, Zurcz. in Bull. Mosc. XXXVI. 353. Sinnet, Smvcapore, Penane, Jack, &c., cultivated in India.—Disrars. Sumatra. Young branches puberulous. Leaves 4~8 by 2-34 in., base acute or rounded shining,” thin, coriaceous, midrib below pubescent; petiole 4-4 in. Disk covered with fleshy orange glands. Ovary 5-celled, cells 2-ovuled; stigmas 4-8, 2-lobed. Fruit size of a cherry, red, acid; pyrenes 8-10. 3. FE. montana, Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pi. 10; branches spinous, flowering’ unarmed, softly pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate crenate glabrous above hairy beneath, base 3-5-plinerved, flowers dicecious in fascicled densely pubescent racemes. Dalz, dé Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 10. F. inermis, Mig. Pl. Hohen. not Roxburgh. Canara and Concan, Dalzell, &c. .A very thorny tree. Leaves 5-7 by 2-34 in., coriaceous, base rounded or acute, shining above, glabrate beneath when old; petiole 4 in., and costa beneath tomentose. Disk of § glandular. Fruit slightly acid, size of a cherry,—There is another J’. mon- tana, of Zippel (Linnea xv. 176) from Timor. 4, B. mollis, H. f. & T. ; flowering branches softly pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate-toothed glabrous except the midrib above downy beneath, flowers dicecious ¢ in racemes almost umbellate. ; ‘Tasasemne eta Helfer. A tree; bark smoot! ey. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in- is nerved ; petiole 4 in. nat and fruit eae Paty, ier Toamsed ok aeatsy penal 5. F. Rukam, Zoll. & Moritz. Verz. 33; unarmed, young branches pubescent, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, quite glabrous acute or acuminate coarsely glandular-crenate, flowers dicecious umbelled, stigmas 6-8 capitate emarginate. Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii, 216: "Mig. Fi. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 104, F. cataphracta, Blume Bid. 55 (not of Roxb). is er or Mereur, Grigith—Dusrai. Philippine Islands. Much cultivated for its A oe Flacourtia.} XIV. BIXINEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 193 A tree. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., firm, coriaceous, base acute or rounded, penni- nerved; petiole }in. Umbels fascicled, 4-flowered, subsessile, pubescent. Styles erect, remote. Fruit size of a large cherry. 6. F. Cataphracta, Roxb. in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 830; Cor. Pl, iii. t. 222 ; Fi. Ind, iii. 834 ; branches white-dotted glabrous young armed, leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate long acuminate quite glabrous crenate-serrate, flowers dicecious in irregular glabrous racemes, stigmas 4-6 capitate. Wall. Cat. 6674 (eacl. C) ; Clos l.c. (not of Roth., Blume or Dalzell 2). ¥F. Jangomas, Mig. Stigmarosa Jangomas, Zowr. Roumea Jangomas, Spreng. Spina spinarum, Rumph. Amb. Cap, 43, p. 38, xix. t. 1, 2. From Lower Beneat and Assam to Carrragone, Mauacca, and Srincapore.— Disrris. Malay Islands, China.—Commonly cultivated. A small tree; spines compound. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1 in., membranous, lower on the branches often obtuse; petiole 4-4 in. Ovary flask-shaped, neck contracted. Flowers very small, 7,-§ in. diam. Fruit the size of a small plum, purple, very acid.—Clos evs in considering this « native of Africa; Bojer (Hort. Maur.) attributes it to India, and Roxburgh gives it a well-known Bengali name (Paniala). The description in the Bombay Flora is too brief for identification. ** Leaves usually oblong obovate or orbicular, obtuse or obtusely pointed; rarely elliptic-laneeolate. 7. F. Ramontchi, L’Herit. Stirp. 59, t. 30, 31; armed, branchlets glabrous or pubescent, leaves very variable elliptic-oblong obovate or sub- orbicular, obtusely serrate or crenate, flowers dicecious in short branched glabrous racemes, stigmas 5-11 free or connate. W. dA, Prodr.29 ; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. FT. 10. Common throughout India, wild or cultivated—Distrie. Madagascar, the Eastern Archipelago. We are quite unable to define the various forms brought together under the names of FF. Ramontcht and sapida, and which include either several species, or one that spreads all over India, and varies much, presenting however the following principal varieties or species. Var. 1. Romonteht proper ; leaves glabrous 2-3. in. membranous elliptic ovate or oblong coarsely crenate, racemes very slender glabrous or nearly so. 1°. Ramontchi, Wall. Cat. 6677; Wight Cat. 108; Ie. t. 85; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 120.—Common in the Peninsula. Var. 2. sapida; leaves 1-2 in. membranous or coriaceous glabrous or pubescent on. the costa beneath and petiole elliptic broadly oblong cuneate-obovate or suborbicular, peduncles stouter pubescent.—F. sapida, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 69; Fl. Ind, iti. 835; W. & A. Prodr. 29; Wail. Cat. 6675 C.—Common in the Western Ghauts and else- where in the Peninsula. Var. 3. latifolia; branches robust glabrous, leaves large 3-5 in. glabrous, coriaceous. broadly elliptic-oblong or orbicular, costa below and petiole puberulous, nerves strong very oblique, racemes very short pubescent, stigma sessile.—Carnatic, Nilgherries. ar. 4, occidentalis; branchlets petioles leaves often beneath and sometimes above and racemes tomentose or velvety, leaves 1-2 in. broadly oblong orbicular or obovate rarely elliptic or ovate, base rounded cuneate or cordate.—Probably a distinct species. Wall. Cat. 6675, excl. B, C, H, & K. ?F. Perottetiana, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, vili. 218—From Brenar and the Dexxan, northward and westward to Oude, Rohil- kund, and the Punjab; abundant—(Beluchistan). Nee Var. 5. racemulifera; leaves small 13-14 in. membranous glabrous elliptic-oblong crenulate-serrate puberulous, petiole short, flowers very small dicecious in short glabroug erect strict many-flowered racemes 3-1 in. long very shortly pedicelled, bractcoles broad. —Herb. Madras, Wall. Cat. 6675 K, male flower only; Wight Cat. 107. ?F. sepiaria Bfrondosa, Clos in Ann, Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii..217.—A: very curious form, or probably- VOL, I. A) 194 KIV, BIXINES, (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Flacourtia, different species. Wallich’s specimens and four in Wight’s Herb. are all we have seen, and these are male. 8. F. sepiaria, Roxb. Cor. Pl.i. 48, t. 68; Fl. Ind. ili. 835; shrubby, very thorny, thorns usually bearing flowers and fruit, leaves small obcor- date obovate or oblong or cuneate-obovate or orbicular crenate-serrate, when, old rigid coriaceous and shining, flowers dicecious solitary or few in nearly glabrous racemes, stigmas 3-4. W. & A. Prodr. 29; Wall. Cat. 6676; 9 Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 11. F. obcordata, Rowb. Fl, Ind, iti, 835. H. cor- difolia and rotundifolia, Roxb. Hort, Beng. 73. Sideroxylon spinosum, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1091; Rheede Hort. Mal, v. t. 39. Dry jungles throughout Benoan, the Western Pensysvua, and Ceyton.—Drsrai. Java. A very rigid thorny bush. Leaves 4-3 in,, usually more or less cuneate at the base ; when larger and more membranous or more elliptic it is difficult to distinguish this from F. Ramontehi vars. 1and 2. Flower generally solitary or twin in a very imper- fect raceme, very small. Male sepals ovate, obtuse; female orbicular. Stigmas usually separate, on very short styles. Druwpe size of a large pea. Fracourtia Wientiana, Wail, Cat. 6672 is a Scepa. F. sivea, Moon. Cat. 70 is Flueggea leucopyrus, Wt. 5. XYLOSMA, Forster. Characters of Flacourtia, but ovary with 2, rarely 3-6 few-ovuled parietal placentas, a usually entire very short style, capitate stigma (in the Indian species) and globose 2-8-seeded berry.—DistTRiB. Species about 25, natives of all tropical regions. 1. &. longifolium, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viti. 231; leaves linear- or elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves spreading, @ flowers in short racemes, rarely in long panicles, bracts ee acuminate. Flacourtia ferox, Wall. mss, in Voigt. Hort. Suburb: ate, 84. Western Himarava on the outer ranges, ascending to 5000 ft., from Kumaon, Strach. and Wint., to Marri, Stewart. Assam, at Nowgong and Gowahatty, Jenkins, &c. A glabrous bush; branches rather long, slender. Leaves 4-9 by 14-24 in, coria- ceous, shining above, base acute, rarely obtuse; nerves 8-12 on each side the midrib; petiole 4-4 in. Jacemes usually very short, 4 in., and crowded in the leaf axils, sessile, many-flowered, glabrous or puberulous, rarely elongate and branched. Flowers solitary or fascicled, 4 in. diam. Berry glabrous, $ in. diam.—The specimens with panicled in- florescence occur amongst those from Assam. 2, X. controversum, Clos lc. ; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong (rarely lanceolate) acuminate obtusely serrate, nerves very oblique, flowers Cee ae bracts linear-oblong. Flacourtia Cataphracta, Wall. at, 6674 ©, Nirat, Wallich. Kuasta uitis, Griffith ; Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft., Hf. & T. Very near X. longifolium, especially the form of that species with panicled male flowers ; best distinguished by the usually shorter (3-6 in.) leaves, often more mem- branous, with invariably very oblique nerves and fewer of them on each side (6-8). The sepals are equal or unequal, and the character of the bracts is perhaps not a very good one. The fruit is alike in both. 3, %, latifolium, H. f. & T. ; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong obtuse or acute obtusely serrate or subentire, nerves few very oblique, petiole. - Xylosma.| XIV, BIXINER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) _ 195 pubescent, 4’ flowers in small branched slender pubescent few-flowered panicles, sepals minute orbicular ciliate, Bababooden hills in Matsor, Law, Stocks. A large thorny tree, twigs petioles and inflorescence finely downy. Leaves 2-5 by 1-24 in., hardly coriaceous, base acute, nerves 4 or 5 on each side, the 2 lower running nearly throughout the blade ; petiole |-4 in. g Panicles }-1 in, very slender, sparingly branched ; bracts linear-oblong. Fruit very small, about 3 in. diam. with 4 placentas ; style very distinct, stigma capitate 4-lobed. ; 6. ABERIA, Hochst. Trees or shrubs, often spinous. Leaves entire or toothed, exstipulate. Flowers axillary, dicecious ; ¢-subracemose, fascicled, or umbellate, 2 soli- tary or fascicled. Sepals 5-8, tomentose, subvalvate. Petals 0. Disk of glandular. Stamens numerous; anthers short. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-5, short, spreading, stigma notched or truncate ; ovules 2-6 on each of 2-7 pa- rietal placentas. Berry globose, tomentose. Seeds pubescent or tomen- tose, compressed, imbedded in pulp; cotyledons flat, broad.—Species 5, all but the following African. 1, A. Gardneri, Clos in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, viii. 236 ; leaves ovate elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate entire or toothed pubescent above tomentose beneath. Roumea hebecarpa, Gard. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 9; Thwaites Enum. 18, ‘ Ceyton, at Condasalle, Maturatte, &c., Gardner, &c. A tree, 16-20 ft.; branches pale, twigs reddish, tomentose. Leaves 2-5 by 4-2 in.; midrib and very oblique veins red, base acute or rounded; petiole +-4 in. Flowers din. diam.; gumbelled on very short peduncles; 9 solitary or few together. Jla- ments equalling the lanceolate, acute sepals. Styles hairy; stigmas fimbriate. J ruit lin. diam.—The name of hebecarpa was not adopted by Clos, because all the species of Aberia have pubescent fruit. 7. GYNOCARDIA, R. Br. A perfectly glabroustree. eaves quite entire. Mlowers axillary or trun- cal, fascicled, dicecious. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-toothed or bursting irre- gularly, Petals 5, with a ciliate scale opposite each. Fr. dg: Stamens many; anthers basifixed, linear. Ovary 0. FL. 9: Staminodes 10-15, villous. Ovary globose, 1-celled; styles 5, stigmas large cordate ; ovules many, on 5 parietal placentas. Berry subglobose, rind thick, hard, rough. Seeds obovoid, immersed in pulp, testa thick; albumen oily ; cotyledons flat, subreniform, radicle ovoid. 1. G. odorata, R. Br. in Roxb. Cor. Pi. 95, t. 299; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or linear oblong abruptly acuminate shining above. Bennett Pl. Jav. Rar. 207, Chaulmoogra odorata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 885. Chil- moria dodecandra, Hamuilt, in Trans. Linn, Soc. xiii. 500. From Sixxim and the Kuasia nitus eastwards to Cartragone, Ranaoon, and TenasseriM. Branches slender, flexuous. Leaves bifarious, largest 6-10 by 3-4 in., smallest 4-6 by 14-2 in., coriaceous, strongly reticulate beneath; petiole 4-1 in. Flowers sweet scented, yellowish in very large fascicles on the trunk, solitary or few together in the leaf axils, very variable in size, §-2 in. diam., the females largest; peduncles 1-3 in. bracts basal, minute. Calyx coriaceous. Filaments woolly, rwit 3-5 in, diam. Seeds 1 in, long, 2 0 196, XIV. BIXINEH. (Hook.f. & Thoms.) — [Trichadenia, 8 TRICHADENTIA, Thwaites. . A tall tree. Leaves long-petivled, alternate, coriaceous. Stipules folia- ceous, deciduous. Flowers in short axillary racemes or panicles, Calyx very coriaceous. Petals 5, imbricate, with an adnate scale on each. FL’ gi Stamens 5; anthers linear. Fu. ¢ : Staminodes 0. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3, very short, stigmas subcapitate ; ovules solitary on 3 parietal placentas. Berry spherical, 1-3-seeded. Seeds large, testa bony, albumen oily ; coty- ledons foliaceous, rugose. 1. %. zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vii. 196, t. 7; Enum. 19; leaves oblong acuminate sinuate-toothed finely pubescent on the nerves beneath, racemes tomentose. Crrton; central province, alt. 3000 ft. Thwaites. A very large tree; branchlets very stout, inflorescence and petioles tomentose. Leaves 5-12 by 2-4 in., base rounded; petiole 2-3 in.; nerves beneath very strong. Fiseomes 3-5 in. Flowers 4 in diam., pale green. Fruit 14-3inu.diam. Seed 4-3 in. iam. 9. HYDNOCARPUWS, Geriner. Trees, Leaves alternate, serrate or entire, transverse venules numerous ; stipules deciduous. /~owers solitary or in irregular axillary few-flowered racemes or fascicles, dicecious, Sepals 5, equal or unequal, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, witha scale opposite each. Fi. ¢ : Stamens 5-8 ; anthers reniform, connective broad. Ovary 0 or rudimentary. FL. 2 : Stamens as.in the ¢ but without pollen, or reduced to staminodes. Ovary 1-celled ; stigmas 3-6, sessile or subsessile, spreading, dilated, lobed ; ovules many, on 3-6 pa- rietal placentas. erry globose, rind hard, many-seeded. Seeds many, imbedded in pulp, testa crustaceous, striate, aloumen oily ; cotyledons very ' broad, flat.—Distrip, Species about 6, tropical Asiatic. 1. H. venenata, Gerin. Fruct. i. 288, t. 60, f. 3; leaves lanceolate or oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, flowers 3 in. diam. racemed pentandrous, sepals subequal orbicular, scales villous much smaller than the orbicular petals, fruit the size of a walnut. Blume Mus. Bot.i.15. H. inebrians, Vahl Symb. iii. 100 ; DC. Prodr. i. 257; Thwattes Enum. 18. Cexton, by banks of rivers, ascending to 2000 ft. A large tree; branchlets puberulous or silky. Leaves 5-7 by 1-24 in., obscurely serrate, coriaceous; nerves very oblique ; petiole 4 in., stout. acemes 1 in. or less, densely tomentose; buds % in. diam. Sepals rather shorter than the petals, ciliate, tomentose on the back. Stamens equalling the glabrous petals. /ruit densely tomen- tose. Seeds grooved, ridges rough. 2. H. Wightiana, Blume Rumph. iv. 22; leaves elliptic- or oblong- lanceolate long acuminate entire or serrate, flowers 1 in. diam. racemed pentandrous, 3 inner sepals larger, petals ciliate twice as long as the ovate fimbriate scales, ? flowers with imperfect stamens, fruit the size of a small apple. Blume Mus. Bot. i.15; Dalz & Gibs. Fl. Bomb. 11. H. inebrians, Wall. Cat. 6670; Wight Zi. i. t. 16; Bennett Pl. Jav. Rar. 207, Mun- nicksia, Dennstd. Clav, Hort. Mal.—? Rheede Hort. Malab. i. 65, t. 36 (fruit represented as rough with large tubercles), Western Pzyinsuva, from the 8. Concan along the coast ranges. A tall tree; twigs usually brown pubescent (rarely glabrate) as are the racemes, Leaves 4-9 by 13-4 in,, coriaceous or membranous, sometimes deeply obtusely serrate Hydnocarpus.| XIV. BIXINER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 197 or toothed, base round acute or subcordate ; petiole: }-4 in. Flowers solitary or ra- cemed, white. Sepals green, pubescent. Stamens villous at the base, equalling the aes Ovary densely pubescent. Frui¢ 2-4 in, diam., tomentose. Seeds obtusely angular. 3. H. alpina, Wight Jc. t. 942; leaves elliptic: oblong or more or less lanceolate obtusely acuminate or subacute quite entire, flowers 1 in. diam. racemed pentandrous, sepals equal, petals oblong-lanceolate glabrous equal- -ling the linear:scales, 9 flowers with linear oblong obtuse staminodes. Moist valleys.of the Nireniri Mrs., Wight; Cuyton, Thiaites. A tree 70-100 ft.; twigs glabrous or nearly so.. Leaves very variable, young red, old deep green, 4-7 by: 14-24 in., glabrous; petiole § in. Flowers racemed on very thick branched jointed. peduncles and long pedicelled (in the Ceylon specimens), pedicels 1-14 in. Stamens: shorter than the petals. Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit globose, size of an apple, brown tomentose. Seeds imbedded in white pulp, testa hard.—Description chiefly from Wight. 4, H. octandra, Thwaites in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. vii. 197; Enum. 19; leaves elliptic or elliptic- or ovate- or- oblong-lanceolate obtusely acu- minate quite entire, flowers.4 in. diam. fascicled octandrous, sepals unequal, pole twice-as long as the rounded silky scales, ? fl: with imperfect stamens, fruit 2-3 in. diam. Ambamagowa district, Ceyton, alt. 2500 ft., Thwaites. A tree 40-50 ft. ; branchlets tomentose.. Leaves 3-44 by 14-13 in., glabrous above, puberulous beneath with stellate hairs and glandular dots; petiole 3-$ in. Flowers 2-8 in a fascicle ; pedicels }-} in. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Petals orbicular, concave, ciliate. Stamens exceeding the petals. Ovary oblong; placentas 4, each 6-ovuled ; stigmas 4. Berry woody, subtomentose, few or many-seeded. 5. H. castanea, H. f..¢ 7. ; perfectly glabrous, leaves linear-oblong acuminate red-brown when dry quite entire much reticulated, petiole 3-1 in., 9 flowers 2 in. diam., sepals equal, scales. lingulate silky equalling the linear-oblong petals, ovary ovoid beaked, fruit as large.as an orange. King’s Island, Aypamans, by the sides of torrents, Helfer; Manacca, Griffith. A middle-sized tree. Branches stout, angular, smooth, black when, dry. Leaves 8-14 by 2-34 in., sides at base very unequal, one acute, the other rounded, thickly coriaceous, shining, strongly veined on both surfaces, nerves 6-10 on each side ; petiole 3-1 in., much thickened at the top, quite glabrous. lowers 9 (only seen) apparently solitary, axillary, sweet-scented; peduncles 2 in., and orbicular concave sepals densely usty-pubescent. Petals longer than the sepals, concave, obtuse quite glabrous ;. scales subacute, rigid, narrower than the petals. Staminodes 5, erect, glabrous, oblong, lan- ceolate, obtuse, much shorter than the scales. Ovary villous, contracted into a conical beak ; stigma sessile. “ Fruit size of an orange, globose, rugose, brown, angled at the top, flesh granular hard, placentas several. Seeds large angular, testa double, outer subcoriaceous cellular, inner as thick.” Gig’. mss. There is a Burmese species apparently of this genus collected by Griffith, bat in too immature a state for description. Orpen XV. PITTOSPOREA:. (By Hook. f. & Thoms.) Erect or climbing trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or subverticillate _ quite entire (very rarely toothed); exstipulate. lowers usually herma- “phrodite terminal or axillary. Sepals 5,imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricate. Torus small. Siamens 5, opposite the sepals; anthers‘ versatile, 198 XV. PITTOSPORE®. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) Ovary 1-celled, with 2-5 parietal placentas, or 2-5-celled by the projection ' of the placentas ; style simple, stigma terminal 2-5-lobed ; ovules many, parietal or axile, anatropous. #rwit capsular or indehiscent. Seeds usually many, albumen copious ; embryo small, radicle next the hilum.— Distr, Genera 9 ; species about 90, chiefly Australian. 1. PITTOSPORUM, Banks. Erect trees or shrubs. Sepals free or connate below. Petals erect, claws connivent or connate, Stamens 5, erect ; anthers 2-celled, introrse, bursting by slits. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, incompletely 2-3-celled ; ovules 2'or more on each placenta. Capsule 1-celled, woody, 2- rarely 3-valved ; valves placeutiferous in the middle. Seeds smooth, imbedded in pulp. —Disrei. Species about 50, subtropical Asiatic, Australian, and Oceanic. * Capsule 3-valved, twice as long as broad. 1. P. glabratum, Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc, i. 230 ; leaves obovate oblong or lanceolate, flowers in lax terminal corymbs, peduncles glandular- pubescent.— Benth, Fl. Hongkong, 19. ‘ Kaasta witts, in thickets above 4000 ft., Griffith, &c.—Disre. Amoy and Hong- ong. A straggling shrub, branches whorled. Leaves 2-4 by 3-1} in., pees usually acuminate, base acute, white beneath. Flowers 3 in., pale yellow. Sepals sometimes connate below, ovate, pubescent. Ovary linear-oblong, pubescent, style as long. Cap- sule 1in. or more, obovoid-oblong, mauy-seeded.—In Griffith’s Herb. there are speci- mens marked as from Sikkim, but probably through misplacement of tickets. Chinese specimens are usually quite glabrous, but the peduncles are now and then downy. ** Capsule 2-valved, when ripe broader than long. t+ Leaves and branches glabrous (except 3, tetraspermum), 2, P. humile, 7. /. & T. ; dwarf, leaves lanceolate, racemes subum- bellate few-flowered much shorter than the leaves, sepals obtuse, ovary glabrous. Kauasta Hit1s, banks of the Borpani river, alt. 5000 ft., H. f. & 7. A small, much branched sbrub, 1-2 ft., glabrous. Leaves 14-24 by 4-% in., short- petioled, obtuse or subacute, margins recurved. Racemes 3-1 in., slightly pubescent ; pedicels -4 in., pubescent; bracts as long, linear. lowers % in., yellow-green. ee in., ovate, obtuse. Petals oblong. Capsule subglobose, scarcely compressed, 2-valved. 3. P. tetraspermum, W. ¢& A. Prodr. 154; leaves broad-ovate to lan- ceolate acute, flowers in terminal many-flowered umbels, rays short simple or 2-fid, sepals ovate acute ciliate, ovary tomentose. Wight Ic. t. 971 (stigma bad). Niteuii Mrs.; and Ceyzon, central province, alt. 5-7000 ft. A large shrub or tree; branches often umbelled, young puberulous. Leaves 14-4 by 8-2 in., glabrous, shining above, pale below, coriaceous, acute at both ends. Umbels sessile or shortly peduncled, rays many, 4 in., short, bractevlate, glabrous or pubescent. flowers 4 in. long, yellow-green. Style glabrous, 2-lobed. Capsule globose, glabrous, 2-valved, 4-seeded.—Very closely allied to P. nilghirense. * 4. P. nilghirense, W. ¢ A. Prodr. 154; leaves broad-ovate oblong or lanceolate, flowers in slender glabrous terminal 3-8-flowered corymbs, sepals ovate acute subciliate, ovary tomentose. Wéght Iii. i. 4. 70. Pittosporum.] Xv. PITTOSPORER. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) 199 Nuueguinr Mrs., above 5000 ft. " Asmall tree. Leaves 1-4 by 4-2 in., acute or obtuse, shining above, thinly coria- ceous, base tapering. Corymbs several together; pedicels 4-4 in., spreading ; brac- teoles minute, subulate. Style glabrous. Capsule subglobose, subcompressed, 2-valved, 6-seeded.—Very closely allied to states of the African P. Senacia, Putt. 5, P. Ceylanicum, Wight Ii/, 173; leaves narrow-obovate, flowers in terminal peduncled or compound corymbs, sepals ovate acute subciliate, ovaty pubescent. Thwaites Enum. 68 (excl. most syn.). Cryton; in the Oova district, alt. 3-5000 ft. : A small tree; branches leafy, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 3-1} in., obtuse or subacute, base tapering; petiole 4-4 in. Peduwncles several, 2-3 in., glabrous; bracteoles small, ovate, at the base of the pedicels. lowers 4 in., greenish-white. Style glabrous, Capsule subglobose, compressed, 2-valved.—An imperfectly known species which tums black in drying. \ 6. P. floribundum, W. & A. Prodr. 154; leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceolate acute or acuminate, margins waved, flowers small pubescent in nnich-branched terminal compound corymbs, sepals ovate, ovary pubescent. Royle Ill, 77 ; Wall. Cat. 8127; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 44, %P. densi- florum, Putterl, Monog. 9. Senacia nepaleusis, DC. Prodr. i. 347. Celastrus verticillata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. 624, Ed. Wall. ii. 391. Subtropical Himataya, from Sikkim to Garwhal, ascending to 5000 ft. Kuasra mitts and Misum1; Western Penrnsuua, Concan to the Nilghiri Mts. * Asmall tree; branches often umbelled. Leaves 2-8 by 1-3 in., glabrous shining, pale below, coriaceous. Corymbs sometimes leafy below; branches 1-3 in., spreading, glabrous or pubescent. lowers numerous, yellow. Sepals obtuse or acute, subciliate. Style glabrous. Capsules pisiform, glabrous, about 6-seeded.—Nilghiri_ specimens are usually broader and shorter leaved than Himalayan. The African P. Mannii, H. f., is nearly allied, but has a glabrous ovary. tt Young branches pubescent or tomentose. Ovary tomentose in all. 7. P.dasycaulon, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. 775 ; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate glabrous or midrib beneath downy, flowers in dense tauch-branched terminal compound tomentose corymbs, sepals ovate acute. | Wesrern Pentnsuta ; hills of Canara (pl. Hohenack.); Belgaum, Ritchie; Conca, Gibson. A shrub or small trée; branchlets densely tomentose. Leaves 24-4 by 1-1} in., ee green when dry, thin, coriaceous, margin subundulate ; young petioles tomentose. ' Flowers white. Sepais ciliate. Anthers bright yellow. Capsule large, compressed, densely tomentose before dehiscence, about 6-seeded.—Flowers mueh larger than in P. floribundum ; closely allied to P: abyssinicwm, Hochst. 8. P. eriocarpum, Royle [1]. 77 ; leaves ovate obovate or broad lan- eeolate obtuse or acute, young floccose on both surfaces, flowers in many compound many-flowered often umbellate corymbs, sepals lanceolate densely tomentose, Wall. Cat. 8129, 8131, 9074. Western Himataya; im Garwhal and Kumaon, alt. 3-7000 ft. A small tree ; branches subverticillate, spreading; young tomentose. Leaves very variable, 8-8 by 14-24 in., adult pubescent beneath. Peduneles 1-2 in., bractecles subulate. Flowers 4 in. long, pale yellow. Ovary tomentose; style short, glabrous. Capsules rather large, tomentose, many-seeded, valves woody. 9. P. ferrugineum, Ait. ; DC. Prodr. i. 346; leaves lanceolate or -oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, young rusty pubescent, flowers very small in many terminal subsimple corymbose racemes, sepals narrow very 200 Xv. PITTOsPOREEH. (Hook. f. & Thoms.) [Pittosporum. acuminate. Wall. Cat. 8128; Benth. Fl. Austral.i. 112. P. ferrugineum and Rumphii, Putterl. Monog. 7, 8. _ Eastern Pevinsuia, from Moulmein to Sincapore, Wallich, &c—Disrris. Eastern Archipelago, Australia. A spreading much branched tree; young branches rusty pubescent. Leaves 24-4 by 1-2 in., thin, coriaceous, adult glabrous and shining above, glabrous or pubescent be- néath. Peduncles 1 in., rusty-pubescent. Flowers 4 in. long, greenish-white. Ovary rusty-tomentose ; style very short, glabrous. Capsule slightly compressed, rough, about 4-seeded.—Aiton’s locality (Guinea)-is no doubt an error. Orvrr XVI. POLYGALEZS. (By Alfred W. Bennett, F.L.8.) Annual or perennial herbs, erect or scandent shrubs, or timber trees, Leaves alternate (rarely whorled) or occasionally reduced to scales or 0, simple, quite entire. Stipules 0. Flowers irregular, 2-sexual, 3-bracteate. Sepals 5, unequal, 2 inner often petaloid (wing sepals), deciduous or persis- tent, imbricate in bud. efals 5 or 3, distinct, unequal, the inferior usually keel-shaped. Stamens 8 (in Salomonia 4-5, in Trigoniastrum 5) hypogynous, filaments united into a sheath, more rarely distinct ; anthers opening by terminal pores, rarely by slits. Ovary free, '1-3-celled ; style generally curved, stigma capitate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell, anatropous. Fruit generally a 2-celled, 2-seeded, loculicidal capsule; orindehiscent and 1-seeded, or (in Z'rigoniastrum) of 3 indehiscent carpels. Seed usually strophiolate, albuminous, rarely exalbuminous.—Disrris. The whole world except New Zealand, chiefly in warm regions ; genera 16 ; species 450-500. Herbs or (more rarely) erect shrubs. Capsule loculicidal, 2-celled. Stamens 8, united ; 2 interior sepals aleform. . . . . 1. Ponyeaua. Stamens 4-5, united; sepals petaloid, nearly equal . . . 2. Sanomonta. Climbing shrubs. ° Stamens 8, united ; fruit 1-celled, indebiscent, samaroid . 8. Srcunipaca. Trees or erect shrubs, : Stamens 5, united; fruit of 8 samaroid carpels . . . . 4. TRrIGoNtasTRUM. Stamens 8, distinct; fruit 1-celled, not winged . . . . 5, XANTHOPHYLLUM. 1. POLYGALA, Linn. Herbs or more rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate. Sepals usually persistent; ‘2 inner larger, usually petaloid. Petals 3, united at the base with the staminal sheath, the inferior keel-shaped and generally crested. Stamens 8, filaments united for their lower half into a split sheath ; anthers opening by pores. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous. Capsule 2- celled, loculicidal, 2-seeded. Seeds almost always strophiolate and albu- minous,—Disrris. Conterminous with the order, except Tasmania. About 250 species, Sect. I. Chameebuxzus, Tourn, (genus). Shrubs with large hand- some flowers. Calyx deciduous. Keel crested. Seeds with a large stro- phiole, exalbuminous. 1. P. arillata, Hamilt. in Don Prodr. 199; shrubby, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, flowers yellow in drooping racemes or panicles, Wall. Pl. As, Kar, t. 100; Cat. 4191; Griff. Notul, iv. 535, t. 507; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 597. Chamebuxus arillata and paniculata, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Dus. Bot. i. 153, 154. Polygala.| XVI. POLYGALER. (A. W. Bennett.) 201 Susrror, and Temp. Himarava, from Nipal eastward, alt. 2-6000 ft. Kyasta Mts., ee ft. Western Prninsuna, Ava, CzyLon.—Disrnis. Malayan Archipelago, . China. An erect pubescent or nearly glabrous shrub, 4-8 ft. Leaves 4~6 by 3-24 in., lan- ceolate obovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, acuminate; petiole §-4 in. Flowers 4 in. loug, in usually panicled racemes ; bracts linear, deciduous. Sepals very unequal, ca- ducous, upper very concave, 2 lower small, ovate; wings very large, ovate, red-purple.- Corolla yellow ; keel amply crested, united to the lateral putals for half their length. Capsule 4-4 in., broad-reniform, rather fleshy, ragose when dry. Seeds large, globose ; cotyledons fleshy. ~ Seor. II. Herbs. lowers small, Calyx deciduous after flowering. Keel not crested. Seeds albuminous. 2. P. triphylla, Ham. in Don Prodr. 200; annual, glabrous, leaves a peed or elliptic long-petioled, racemes terminal many-flowered eafless, : Temp, Himataxa, alt. 48000 ft.; from Sirmore to Sikkim. Kuasta Mrs., Griffith ; Ceyrrat Inpia, Vicary; Ava and Brrma, Wallich. Stem slender, 2-10 in., erect or ascending, weak. Leaves 4-2} in., membranous, glabrous, obtuse or subacute, contracted into the peticle. acemes 14-2 in., slender. Flowers #, in., secund; bracts deciduous. Outer sepals small, ovate, acute; upper larger; wings petaloid, elliptic, equalling the corolla. Keel hooded, with 2 inflated terminal lobes; lateral petals narrow. Capsule 4-4 in., orbicular, entire, narrowly winged. Seeds black, slightly hairy ; strophiole galeate, with 2 minute appendages.— Capsules in some (diseased?) Moulmein specimens, with unequal lobes, and irregular much-veined wings. Vax. 1. triphylla proper ; leaves small orbicular or spathulate, flowers pink. Royle Ji. t.19D. P. hyalina, Wall. Cat. 4181. Semeiocardium Hamiltonii, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 151. ae Var. 2. glaucescens, Wall. Cat. 4182 (Sp.); leaves much larger 1-2 in. elliptic, flowers yellow. P. furcata, Royle Ill. t.19, B. Semeiocardium hyalinum and glauces- .cens, Hassk. lc. Secr. III. Herbs, sometimes woody at the base. Calyx persistent, Keel crested. Seeds albuminous. * Bracts persistent, at least till the flower expands. t Undershrubs, Racemes axillary. Wings petaloid, membranous, Stro- phiole 2-appendiculate. ’ 3, P.javana, DC. Prodr. i. 327; stems closely pubescent, leaves obovate or obovate-lanceolate mucronate, racemes many-tlowered, bracts triangular- ovate, wings triangular. W. & A. Prodr. i, 38; Thwaites Hnum, 22; Hassh. in Mig. Ann, Mus. Bot. i. 180. P. ceylanice, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4183. iP, tinctoria Vahl ; Hassk, l.c. 181. Western Peninsuia and Ceytoy.—Disrrin. Java. ‘ A much branched undershrub; branches stout, strict, erect or spreading, leafy. Leaves 2-14 in., usually obovate and apiculate, timely pubescent on both surfaces; ‘petiole very short. Racemes 4-3-4 in., sessile, stiff, few- or many-flowered, densely pubescent. Flowers 3-4 in. long; pedicels pubescent ; bracts small, ovate. Outer ree subequal; wings broadly triangular-ovate, angles rounded, exceeding the orbi- cular notched pubescent shortly stipitate capsule. Seeds very hairy ; strophiole galeate, appendages ovate, equalling the seed. 4, P. crotalarioides, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199 ; stems villous with spreading hairs, leaves elliptic or oblong-obovate apiculate hairy ciliate, 202 XVI. POLYGALEZ. (A. W. Bennett.) [Polygala. racemes very short, bracts subulate, wings obovate. DC. Prodr. i. 327; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 185 ; Cat. 4176 ; and 8 pygmea, Cat. 4176 D @ dwarf form). Royle Ill.t.19 C; Hassk. in Mig. Mus. Bot. i. 164. Temp. Himataya, alt. 4~7000 ft., from Chamba to Sikkim; Kmasia Mrs. Stems 4-8 in., erect or ascending, leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., tip rounded, mucronate or not; petiole very short. Racemes very short, dense-flowered, rarely terminal. Flowers }-L in. long, very shortly pedicelled; bracts minute. Wings with rounded tips, twice as long as the capsule. Capsule broader than long, notched, strongly ciliate. Seeds hairy ; strophiole with 2 small ovate appendages. +t Herbs. Wings petaloid, membranous. Strophiole without appendages. 5. P. abyssinica, Fresen. in Mus. Senk. ii. 273 ; perennial, stemsgrect, glabrous, leaves narrow-linear, racemes terminal long lax -tlowered, bracts ovate, seeds covered with long hairs. Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 130. P. Ge- rardiana, Wall, Cat. 4187; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus, i, 173. P. scabra, Edgew. in Trans, Linn, Soc, xx. 33. Susrrop. and Temp. Himaraya, alt. 3-8000 ft., from Marri to Kumaon, Jacque- a &c.; Pursap at Moultan, Hdgeworth.—Disreis. * Affghanistan ; Abyssinia to atal. Branches 8-18 in., very numerous, slender, ascending from a woody stock, twiggy. Leaves 4-2 in., very narrow, acuminate, scarcely petioled. Raceme 2-6 in., very slender, naked. Flowers 4 in. long, secund or subsecund; bracts caducous, narrow- ovate, margins membranous as are the outer sepals. Wings obovate. obtuse, nerved. Capsule obovate, emarginate, narrowly winged. Seeds densely hairy, hairs louger than the seed ; strophiole galeate. 6. P. leptalea, DC, Prodr. i. 325; perennial, stems erect glabrous, habit of P. abyssinica, but racemes dense-flowered, flowers smaller, seeds silky. Wall. Cat, 4189; Benth. Fl. Austral. i. 139; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus, i. 173. P. oligophylla, DC. lc. 325; Wall. Cat. 4188. P. discolor, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199. Suprrop. Himavaya, from Kashmir to Nipal; Beaar; Kaasia Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft; Niemi: Mrs.; Rangoon, Ava, Ceyton.—Disrrip. Australia. Very similar to P. abyssinica. Stems deeply furrowed. Lower leaves often oblong- lanceolate. Racemes 1-2 in., naked. Flower $-} in., subsecund; bracts twice as long as the buds, deciduous immediately after the flower expands. Wings much nar- rowed below. Stropniole small galeate. 7. PB. Hohenackeriana, Fisch. d& Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. iv. 42; hoary, stems many short from a perennial stock, leaves oblong lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate obtuse or subacute, racemes short terminal many- flowered, upper outer sepal much the largest obtuse, wings broad elliptic obtuse very membranous, capsule very broadly winged. P. Hohenacke- Tiana var. Stocksiana, Bovss, Fl. Orient. 1.472. P. supina var. Hohenacke- riana, Regel Pl. Radda, t. 7, 6, 12. ~ Wesrern Pungazs, Attock, Vieary; Waziristan, ascending to 3500 ft, Stewart— Disrris. Affghanistan and Beluchistan, Persia, Caucasus. Stems 2-3 in., much branched from the base, suberect, hoary or pubescent. Leaves 4-3 in., pale, hoary, at length glabrous, nerveless. acemes 3-4 in., subsessile, dense- flowered. lowers drooping, uearly } in. long; pedicels short, bracts small. Sepals with broad scarious margins, upper linear-obovate, 2 lateral very small oblong obtuse; wings white, veins very delicate not anastomosing. Capsule 4 in.; glabrous, orbicular, with a broad membranous wing. Seeds densely silky ; strophiole with 2 appendages. 8, P. persicarivwfolia, DC. Prodr. i. 326 ; annual, erect, leaves linear or elliptic-lanceolate, racemes terminal and extra-axillary, pedicels slender, ‘Polygala. | XVI. POLYGALER. (A. W. Bennett.) 203 bracts subulate, wings broad-obovate. Wall. Pl. As. Rar, ii. t. 184; Cat. 4185; Hassk, in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 176; Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 129. P. Wallichiana, Weght 71. i.t. 22 A. P. granulata, Hassk. 1.c.179, P. Bu- chanani, Ham. in Don Prodr. 199, Teme. and Susrror. Himazava, alt. 5-9000 ft.; from Simla to E. Nipal. Kwasta Mrs,, alt, 2-4000 ft.; Western Peninsuua, from the Dekkan to Travancor.—Disrris. Trop. Africa and Australia. An erect or ascending slightly pubescent very much branched slender herb, 6-16 in. Leaves 1-2 in., flaccid, hardly petioled. Racemes 1-2 in., slender, lax-flowered. Flowers } in. long; bracts small subulate, pedicels curved. Wings orbicular-vbovate or elliptic, obtuse, rather longer than the elliptic notched ciliate capsule. Seeds villous; strophiole small, galeate. 9. P. erioptera, DC. Prodr. i. 326; annual, erect or decumbent, leaves linear linear-oblong or obovate, racemes axillary or extra-axillary few- flowered, wings obliquely oblong, with a strong green midrib. Wall. Cat. 4173 A; Deless, Ic, Sel. iii. t.15. P. Vahliana, DC. 1c. 326; W.d A. Prodr. i 366. P.obtusata, DC. dc. P. tomentosa, Vahl ea Heyne mss, P. triflora, Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afric. i, 128 (not of Linn.). The Ponzas; Scinpe; Benar; the Western Peninsuta; Ava; Brrma,—Drstris. Arabia, trop. Asia and Africa (St. Vincent, introduced ?). Very variable in habit; branches numerous, erect or spreading from the base, stout or slender, 4-10 in. high. Leaves 3-1 in. long, from obovate or almdst obcordate to very narrow-linear. acemes very short, }-4in., few-flowered. Flowers 3-4 in.; pedicels slender; bracts minute. Wings always membranous in fruit, glabrous or pubescent, longer than the ovate notched pubescent capsule. Seeds densely hairy ; strophiole valeate and inappendiculate.—Aden specimens have the root so woody as to appear perennial. : ttt Herbs. Wings herbaceous. Strophiole in- or 3-appendiculate, 10. P. glaucoides, Linn. (not of Wight); stems wiry pubescent ex- cessively numerous from a perennial stock, leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceo- ‘late, racemes extra-axillary with slender peduncles 2-3-flowered equalling the leaves or shorter, outer sepals acuminate, wings oblong acute. DC. Prodr, i. 326; Wall. Cat, 4171. %P. confusa, Hassh, lc. 165. Cryton ; on banks at Newera Ellia. ° Stems 4-8 in., pubescent or pilose. Leaves 3-2 in., glabrous or pilose, usually mu- cronate, » Racemes about equalling the leaves. Flowers 3-4 in. long; pedicels slender, sometimes longer; bracts subulate. Outer sepals subequal ciliate; wings green, oblique. Capsule broadly obcerdate or didymous. Seeds somewhat curved, slightly hairy ; strophiole half the length of the seed, 3-appendiculate.—The two following forms ‘of this plant are probably distinct species. : Var. 1. hirsutula, Arn. Pugill. 4 (sp.); leaves broadly-elliptic-ovate acute flat opaque. a elongata 6 hirsutula, Thwaites Enum. 22. P. hypoglauca, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. - Mus. i. 169. Vax. 2; leaves linear-oblong acute shining nerved. P. roamarinifolia and mucro- nata, Thwaites Enum. 22. P. arvensis 8, Thwaites lc. 400. 1l. P. elongata, Klein in Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 879; annual, erect or ascending, slender, leaves linear or linear-oblong obtuse acute or mucro- nate, racemes extra-axillary many-flowered longer than the leaves, outer sepals lanceolate acuminate, wings very oblique. Wall. Cat. 4168; DC. Prodr, i. 322; W. & A. Prodr.38; Thwaites Enum. 22; Hassk. m Mig. Ann, Mus. i. 172. P. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4190; W.& A. Prodr. 38 ‘3 Hassk. lc. P. campestris, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 40; Dalz. 204 XVI, POLYGALEZ. (A. W. Bennett.) [Polygala, Gibs. Fl, Bomb, 13 (not of Benth.). P. macrostachya and eumekes, Hassk. Zc. 171, 172. < Wrsrern Penrnsouva, from the Concan southward. Cryton, Walker. Stems 6-10 in., branching from the base, glabrous pilose or pubescent. Leaves 4-24 by 3,-} in., acuminate, margins thickened, costa prominent beneath, upper surface often shining. Racemes 3-5 in., laxly many-flowered. lowers in., yellow; pedicels slender; bracts minute. Outer sepals subeqnal; wings equalling the corolla, falcate, obovate or hatchet-shaped, acute obtuse or acuminate. Capsule didymons, narrower upwards, narrowly winged, notched, glabrous. Seeds villous ; strophiole galeate, appen- dages 3, very small.—P. Wightiana is the narrower leaved form. 12, P. chinensis, Jinn. ; annual, erect or diffuse, leaves from orbi- cular-oblong or obcordate to narrow linear, racemes short axillary and _extra-axillary dense-flowered, flowers horizontal or pendulous, outer sepals small ovate, wings very oblique acute. P. arvensis, Willd. Sp, Pl. iii. 876 ; DC. Prodr. i. 326; Roxb, Fl, Ind. iii. 218 ; W. & A. Prodr.i. 36; Thwaites Enum. 400. 1 P. prostata, Willd. lc. 896 ; DC.l.c. 333. P. Rothiana, W. é A. Prodr. i. 37; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 162. _P. Tranquebarica, Mart. ex Hb. Wight. 135; W.& A. Prodr. i, 37. P. glaucoides, Wight in Wall. Cat. 4171 (not of Linn.). P. grandiflora, Hb. Wight. ; Wall. Cat. 4175. P. brachystachya, DC. .c. 326 (not of Blume). P. procumbens, Roth. Nov. Sp. 329; DC. lc. 326. P. exigua, Hassh. lc. 173. Throughout India, from the Punyas to Peeu, and in the Western Peninsuxa, and Ceyioy.—Distaip. Trop. Asia and Australia, 3 A most variable, usually procumbent, leafy, rather stout herb; 3-10 in. high, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves excessively variable, 4-2 in. long, sometimes quite obcordate, at others almost orbicular, rather thick and coriaceous, glabrous, ciliate, hoary, or pubes- cent, margins usually flat, opaque. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, truncate, almost capitate. Flowers 31—4in. long. Wings longer than the suborbicular notched ciliate narrowly winged capsule, green, falcate, obovate, acute, margins membranous. Crest of corolla often small. Seeds silky ; strophiole with 3 very short appendages.— Linneus having described the crest as unbearded, this was not identified by De Candolle with Willdenow’s arvensis, but was placed in another section of the genus. The speci- mens in the Linn. Herb. are however decisive. It is linked by either intermediate or mimicking forms with various other species. Var. triflora, Linn. (Sp.), racemes elongate, sometimes twice as long as the leaves, ’ lax-flowered. P. multibracteata, Wall. Cat. 4174. P. ramosa, Hb. Wight.; Wall. Cat. 4177. P. ciliata, Hb. Wight. P. Kleinii, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 158.—Chiefly in the Western Peninsula. Var. brachystachya, Blume Bijd. 59 ( Sp., not of DC.); stems very slender prostrate, leaves very narrow glabrous, racemes very slender few-flowered, flowers minute, jy in. long. Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 157. Malacca, Griffith. Western Peninsula? (P. glabra, Heyne in Herb. Wight.) (Java).—Perhaps a distinct species, the fowers are remarkably small aud the habit is peculiar. __ 13. BP. rosmarinifolia, W. & A. Prodr, i, 37; annual, stems many slender erect or decumbent, leaves narrow linear, racemes axillary and extra-axillary short erect few-flowered, flowers shortly pedicelled erect, outer sepals acute, wings obliquely obovate acuminate, capsules ciliate. Thwaites Hnum. 22, 400. P. Tranquebarica, Wight in Wall. Cat. 4169. 4P, Arnottiana, Steud. Nomencl. 370; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i, 159. Ee tellorm Hassk, lc, 175 (not Linn.). P. linarifolia, Heyne according to assk, l.c. Southern parts of the Wresrern Penrnsura and Crynon. Stems many from the root, 4~18 in., twiggy, pubescent. Leaves 4-2 in., glabrous or Polygata.| XVI. POLYGALEH. (A. W. Bennett.) 205 pubescent, narrow-linear very rarely oblong or narrowed to the base, erect, or suberect margin often thickened or recurved, midrib strong. Flowers % in. long, few, green, erect, which gives a remarkable habit to the plant. Capsule as in P. chinensis but usually hairy on the surfaces as well as on the margins.—The erect leaves and flowers seem to afford a good character for this. ** Bracts caducous (before flowering). Strophiole 3-appendiculate, 14, P. sibirica, LZ. ; stems many slender ascending from a perennial stock, leaves from orbicular to elliptic-lancevlate and linear shining margins often recurved, racemes axillary and extra-axillary sub-erect laxly few- or many-flowered, outer sepals subequal oblong ovate or lanceolate, crest usually large, wings obliquely oblong or obovate obtuse or acute, capsule rather broadly winged glabrous. not ciliate. DC. Prodr. i. 324; Ledeb. Ic.t. 448, P. japonica, Houtt, Syst. 8, t. 62, f.1; DC. lc. ; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 181. P. vulgaris, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 277 (not of Linn.). P. elegans, Wall. Cat. 4186 ; Hassk, l.c.176. BP. myrsinites, Royle Jll.t.19 A. P. Khasiana, Hassk, .c. 176. P. monopetala, Camb. in Jacy. Voy. Bot. t. 27 ; Polyg. sp, 3, Groff. ; Notul. iv. 337; Lc. Pl. t. 597. Temp. and Suntror. Hmataya, alt. 1-6000 ft. (8000 in Sikkim), from the Punjab and N.W. frontier to Bhotan; Khasia Mts., alt. 4-6000 ft.; Niner Mrs, (var. 1); Crxton (var. 2).—Disrrie. China, Japan, Siberia. Very variable, but quite distinct from any other Indian species, usually best recog- nised by the shining reticulate upper surfaces of the elliptic-lanceolate leaves, and slender extra-axillary racemes, rather large (3-4 in.) and conspicuous erect flowers; but all these characters are excessively variable. Stems 3-18 in., pubescent. Leaves 4-2 in. Racemes 1-3 in.; bracts deciduous or persistent. Outer sepals short or long, obtuse acute or acuminate. Wings straight or oblique, membranous or subherbacecous, obtuse or acute, rarely acuminate. Capsules always glabrous, with a broader wing than in P. chinensis. Seeds pilose; strophicle with usually 3 short appendages. Var. 1. Heyneana, Wall. Cat. 4184 (Sp.); stouter, leaves linear oblong coriaceous, midrib stout, margins usually strongly recurved, wings herbaceous acuminate, appen- dages of the strophiole larger.—W. & A. Prodr.i.38. Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 160.—Pulney and Nicene Mts. Obviously a form of P. japonica, from which some specimens are hardly distinguishable. Var. 2. macrolophos, Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. 1. 167 (Sp.); stems 1-2 ft. very slender, leaves 1-14 in. broadly elliptic or lanceolate subacute flat, nerves obscure, outer sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous. P. glomerata and pedunculosa, Thwaites Enum. 400 (not of Lour.). Ceylon, Adam’s Peak, &c., alt. 4-7000 ft.—A very large form, quite unlike the usual states. 15. P. telephioides, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 876 ; annual, stems prostrate short leafy, leaves small glabrous often imbricate very thick obovate or oblong obtuse or acute, flowers very small fascicled on very short extra- axillary peduncles, outer sepals acute, wings herbaceous oblique acuminate, capsule glabrous margined notciliate. DC. Prodr. i. 332; W.& A. Prodr. 1.362 P. serpyllifolia, Poir. Dict. v. 499; DC. Lc. 326. P. buxiformis, Hassk. in Mig. Mus. Bot. i. 161. Western Peninsuta, Carnatic, and Travancor; Ceyion.—Disrris. Indian Archi- pelago, China, Philippines, Stems very many from an annual woody root, not exceeding 24 in. high in our numerous specimens from various collectors; pubescent. Leaves sessile, }-2in., margins usually recurved. Flowers 2, in. long. Capsule pz in. long and broad, deeply notched, valves margined. Seeds minute, silky; strophiole minutely appendaged.—A very distinct species, easily recognised by its dwarf stature, the thick short leaves, small flowers and fruit, and glabrous small capsule that is not winged.- 206 XVI. POLYGALEH. (A. W. Bennett.) [ Polygala. 16. P. glomerata, Zour. F1. Coch. 426 ; stems tall erect, or ascending, leaves large from broad-ovate and oblong to elliptic lanceolate and linear, racemes extra-axillary very short, 2-3-flowered, flowers drooping, outer sepals acuminate, wings herbaceous hatchet-shaped acuminate and awned, capsule narrowly winged strongly ciliate. DC. Prodr. i. 326. P. densiflora, Ae Bijd. 59; Hassk, in Mig. Mus. Bot. i. 166. P. depauperata, Wall. ‘at. 4180. Eastern Himaraya, hot valleys of Sikkim, alt. 1-6000 ft.; Oupz; Assam; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-5000 ft.; Tenasserim.—Disrxis. Eastern Archipelago, China. Stems many from a woody stock, 1-2 ft. high, densely pubescent, curved. Leaves very variable, 14-24 in., flat, glabrous or hairy, not veined, sessile or shortly petioled, sometimes cordate. Racemes scattered, small; peduncles shorter than the flowers, which are }-} in. long, green. Outer sepals subequal, acute, ciliate. Crest very small, Capsule } in. broad and long, 2-lobed. Seeds large, silky, obovoid ; strophiole with 3 short appendages.—Thwaites’ specimen named glomerata resembles it in habit, but differs totally in the capsule and seed; they no doubt belong to a large state of P. japanica (see var. elata). 6 DOUBTFUL SPECIES. P. linarifolia, Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 877 (linearifolia, DC. Prodr. i 326). P. proeumbens, Roth. Nov. Sp. 329; DC. Prodr. i. 326.—Ind. Or. P. varians, Mart. DC. 1.c. 332.—Bengal. P. umbrosa, Mart. DC. 1.c.—Bengal. P. macropetala, Hassk. 1.c., perhaps P. japonica, var. 2. 2. SALOMONTIA, Lour. Leafy diffuse annuals, or (Sect. EprRHizaNTHES) parasites, with leaves reduced to scales, Flowers minute, in dense terminal spikes, Sepals nearly equal, 2 interior somewhat larger. Petals 3, united at the base with the staminal tube, the inferior keel-shaped, galeate, not crested. Stamens 4-5, filaments united for their lower half into a sheath; anthers opening by pores. Ovary 2-celled, each cell with one pendulous ovule. Capsule much compressed laterally, 2-celled, loculicidal, margins toothed. Seeds albu- minous, not or scarcely strophiolate —Distrrp, Species about 8, natives of Eastern tropical Asia and tropical Australia, Sect. I. Salomonia, DC. Stems leafy. 1. S. cantoniensis, Zour. Fl. Coch. 14; stem winged, leaves cordate- ovate shortly petioled, spikes rather lax, capsule with triangular teeth. Wall, Cat. 4192 ; DC. Prodr. i. 334; Benth. Fl.Hongk. 44; Mig. Flor. Ned. Ind. i, pt. 2,127; Hassk, in Mig, Ann. Mus. i, 144.” S, subrotunda, Hassh. 1.c.—Salomonia, sp. 3 in Griff. Notul. iv. 539. Eastern Beneat; Assam; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 0-4000 ft.; Eastern Penmsuta— Disrriz. Malayan Archipelago. A weedy erect much-branched diffuse annual, 3-6 in, Leaves large, paler beneath. Spikes numerous, terminal, lax below, denser above. Bracts minute, early deciduous. Flowers minute, quite sessile. Sepals linear-subulate. Petals united below, the two lateral shuiter than the keel. Capsule very small, broader than long, armed with arow of recurved triangular teeth. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate. 2, S. ciliata, DC. Prodr. i, 334; stem furrowed, leaves sessile cordate- amplexicaul ciliate, spike very dense, capsule with filiform teeth. § cor- Sulomonia. | XVI. POLYGALEH. (A. W. Bennett.) 207 data, Arn. Pug. Ind. 4; Wight Ill. i. t. 22C 3 Thwaites Enum. 22 (excl. mons.) ; Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.-Bat, i, 145. 98. angulata, Grif’. otul, iv. 539. Polygala ciliata, Linn. Cexuon, in swampy ground. . Stouter than S. cantoniensis. Stem erect, glabrous, furrowed, scarcely winged. Leaves small, strongly ciliate. lowers crowded, small, pink, sessile. Sepals lanceo- late, ciliate. Capsule small, broader than long, with a row of red filiform teeth. Seeds black, shining, with a small membranous strophiole.—Wight and Arnott ure in error in taking Linneus’s Polygala ciliata for a true Palygala. The specimen in Herb. Burman. in the British Museum, clearly shows it to be a Salomonia, and identical with Arnott’s S. cordata. 3. S. oblongifolia, DC. Prodr. i: 354; leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceo- late not ciliate, teeth of capsule filiform. Hassk, in Mig. Ann. Mus. Lugd.- Bat. i. 147; Arn. Pug. Ind, 4; Deless. Ic. Sel, iii, t. 19. S. sessiliflora, Ham. in Don Prodr. 201. 8. obovata, Wight Tl. i. t. 22 B. S. canarana, rigida, ? Horneri, ? uncinata and ? setosa-ciliata, Hassk. lc, 147, 148, 149. 18. stricta, Steb, et Zuce. Abh. d. k. baier. Akad. d. Wiss, iv. 2,152. S. lep- tostachya, Wall. Cat. 4193. Polygala canarana and Arnottiana, Hassk. lc, - Suzsrrop. Himauaya, from Nipal to Sikkim; Kuasta Mrs.; Eastern and Western: Penrysunas; Ceyton.—Distris. Malayan Archipelago, Australia. ; A simple or branched annual, Leaves larger than in S. ciliata, sessile, not cordate, margins with a few long distant hairs. bracts linear, often persistent at time of flowering. lowers crowded, small, pink. Sepals nearly equal, lanceolate, slightly ciliate. Lateral petals much shorter than keel. Capsule small, with a row of red teeth. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate-—Very near the last, but probably distinct. ; 4. S. edentula, DC. Prodr. i. 334; stem much-branched winged, leaves cordate-triangular very shortly petioled, capsule scarcely toothed. Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus, Lugd.-Bat. i. 146; Wall. Cat, 4194. S. petiolata, Ham. in Don Prodr, 200. Nireat, Wallich. A low, glabrous annual. Spikes lax below, denser above. Flowers minute. Bracts minute, deciduous. Sepals very small, ovate. Lateral petals broad aud nearly as long as the galeate keel. Capsule very small, membranous, not ciliate, minutely toothed. Seeds black, shining, not strophiolate. Secr. I. Epirhizanthes, lume (gen.). Parasitic; leaves 0 or re- duced to scales. 5, S. aphylla, Grif. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 342. §. parasitica, Grif. Notw. iv. 538. 8. tenella, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. 158. Matacca and Tenasssrim, Griffith.—Dzsrrts. Borneo. A brown parasite, associated with Thismia Brunoniana and a Burmannia (Griff.). Stem 3-6 in., ascending, sparingly divided. Leaves reduced to a few distant brown scales. Spikes numerous, elongated, very dense. Bracts minute, persistent after flowering. Flowers minute, brown. Sepals distinct, broadly ovate. Capsule mem- branous, broader than long, not ciliate. Seeds minute, black, with a small appendicu- late strophiole. 3. SECURIDACA, Linn. Shrubs, almost always scandent. Flowers in terminal or axillary usually compound racemes. Sepals deciduous, 2 inner (wings) larger and petaloid. Lateral petals nearly or quite distinct from the galeate crested keel, superior petals 0. Stamens 8, filaments united; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing by 208 XVI. POLYGALEZ. (A. W. Bennett.) [Securidaca, oblique’pores, Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled. Fruzt a 1-celled samara, 1-seeded, wing broad coriaceous. Seeds exalbuminous, estrophiolate,— DistRr. Species about 25; most numerous in tropical America, rarer in tropical Africa and Asia. 1, S. Tavoyana, Wail. Cat. 4196; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong minutely pubescent beneath, flowers in loose subcorymbose panicles, wings elliptic. S. scandens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4195 (not of Jacq.); Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 190. 8S. paniculata, Wall. (not of Lamk.). 8. inappendi- culata, Hassk, Pl. Jav, Rar. 295. Lophostylis javanica, Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. i. pt. 2, 128. Eastern Benaat, from Silhet and Chittagong to Rangoon.—Disrris. Java, China. A large woody scandent shrub; branches striate, branchlets puberulous. Leaves 8-5 by 14-2 in, generally acuminate, glabrous, paler beneath. lowers } in., the lower with considerably longer (4 in.) pedicels than the upper. Outer sepals nearly equal, ovate, shortly ciliate; wings elliptic, obtuse. Lateral petals adnate at the base. to the keel, truncate; keel with a conspicuous but scarcely fimbriate crest. Ovary orbicular; style unilateral, curved at right angles near the tip. Samara 23-3} in.; nucleus very rugose; wing very large and strongly veined, oblique, tip rounded, margin entire, veins arched. 2. S. bracteata, A. W. Benn.; leaves elliptic puberulovs beneath, flowers in panicled racemes, wings orbicular, wing of fruit strongly veined., Matacca, Maingay. A large scandent shrub; branches terete, hoary-pubescent. Leaves elliptic, acu- minate, margins revolute when dry, beneath finely pubescent glaucous. Flowers } in., pedicels in. Bracts ovate, acuminate, pubescent, persistent after flowering. Outer sepals nearly equal, large ovate, very hairy, ciliate; wings scarcely twice as long, pubescent externally. Lateral petals truncate; keel with a recurved, plaited crest. Ovary orbicular; style curved. Fruit unknown, Samara 3-34 in., similar to that of S. Tavoyana, but contracted for a longer space above the nucleus. 4, TRIGONIASTRUM, Miquel. A shrub or small tree. Leaves hoary beneath. . Flowers in slender ter- minal panicles. Petals 5, unequal, the inferior keel-shaped. Stamens 5, filaments united into a sheath. Ovary densely hairy, 3-locular ; ovules pendulous, solitary in each cell. Fruit of 3 samaroid ultimately almost distinct carpels. Seeds 1 in each carpel, not strophiolate. 1. ZB. hypoleucum, M1. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 395. Isopteri - giana, Wall. Cat. 7261. i oS eee vcr Penane, Porter; Malacca, Maingay. Branches slender, terete; branchlets hoary. Leaves 4-7 by 14-24 in. elliptic- lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, pale beneath and with very fine adpressed pubescence’ petiole vy-§ in. Panicles much branched, lax, slender. “Flowers } in. diam. shortly pedicelled, tomentose. Sepals 5, 2 exterior rather larger. Ovary densely hairy. Samara 2 in. long, membranous, dimidiate-obovate, strongly reticulate, shining; nucleus small. a: ; 5. KANTHOPHYLLUM, Roxburgh. Timber-trees. eaves large, coriaceous generally yell: yellow-green. Sepals 5, nearly equal. Petals 5 or 4, nearly equal, the inferior Ee \ahaned: oct crested. Stamens 8, distinct, 2 hypogynoas, 6 attached to the base of the petals. Ovary stipitate, 1-celled ; style curved; ovules various in number. Xanthophyllum.| XVI. POLYGALER. (A. W. Bennett.) 209 and insertion. Fruit 1-celled, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous, estrophiolate.—Drsrris. Species about 15. Most abundant in the Archi- pelago and Malacca; a few species are Continental Indian, and one is N. Australian. * Ovules 4-8, rarely more (8-14 in X. affine). 1. &. flavescens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. t. 248; leaves coriaceous elliptic- lanceolate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry, panicle diffuse closely pubescent, sepals unequal, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous. W.d A. Prodr. 39. X. paniculatum, Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind, Suppl. i. 393. X, Arnottianum, undulatum, and Roxburghianum, Wight Ill. i. 50; Bed- dome Flor. Sylvat. (Anal.) t. 3.—Rheede Hort. Malab. iv. t. 23. East Benea; Silhet, and Chittagong. Wesrern Peninsuta. Crvion.—Distriz. Sumatra, Java. A timber tree. Leaves 4-7 by 14-3 in., shining above, less so and veins much reti- culated beneath, with 5-7 principal nerves on each side, and more or less scattered perforated glands (which are sometimes absent) at the axils of the nerves or elsewhere. Flowers 4-4 in. long, yellow ; pedicels very variable, 4-3 in. Sepals unequal, subor- bicular, finely tomentose. Ovary globose, densely strigose ; ovules 4, 2 erect and 2 pendulous, or more numerous and subhorizontal. Fruit globose, 3 in. diam., and up- wards, walls very thick, green.—Very variable. I am unable to distinguish between Roxburgh’s flavescens and virens, both usually having pitted glands on the leaf beneath, except by the long pedicels of the latter, the Ceylon specimens of which have 4 ovules, and the Silhet ones usually the same, whilst the Peninsula ones vary 4-9, and Suma- tran specimens are 4-ovuled. : Var. 1. flavescens proper; leaves broad, panicle close axillary or terminal, pedicels short, ovules 4-12. Chittagong and Western Peninsula (Sumatra, Java). Var. 2. anaustifolium, Wight Ill. 50, t. 23 (sp.); leaves narrower, ovules usually 4. Beddome Fi. Sylwat. Anal. Gen. t. 3. : ; Var. 3. virens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 248 (sp.); panicles short supra-axillary, pedicels very slender, ovules 4. X. flavescens, Roxb.?; Wight lc.; Beddome £1. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. t. 3. Ceylon, Silhet; Paupanassum hills (Travancor ?), alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome. 2. &. affine, Korth.in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 271; leaves coriaceous oblong- or elliptic-lancevlate not glaucous beneath yellow-green when dry, panicles axillary and terminal ditfuse tomentose, sepals unequal, ovary glabrous, style strigose, X. flavescens, Wall. Cat. 4198, not of Roub. Eastern Peninsuta; Tenasserim to Malacca and Penang, Wallich, &c.—Distr1n. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. So like the X. flavescens, that the larger leaves, rather larger flowers, more tomen- tose calyx, and glabrous larger ovary, alone distinguish it in the dried state. The ovules vary trom 8-14, and thesfruit is quite glabrous, green, globose and thick- walled. 3. X. glaucum, Will. Cat. 4199; branches very slender, leaves usually membranous elliptic or lanceolate acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves very numerous 8-10 on each side, panicle large open lax, branches long tomen- _tose, calyx pubescent or tomentose, ovary and style strigose, fruit glabrous. Hassk. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 193, Eastern Peniysoia; Rangoon and Tenasserim in moist places. A small tree; branches terete, very slender, dark red-brown, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 1-14 in., rather abruptly acuminate, quite glabrous, finely reticulate ; petiole slender, § in. Panicle 1 ft.,'with long spreading very slender tomentose simple branches. Flowers }-} in. diam., and slender pedicels putescent, pale when dry. Ovary sessile, covered with dense strigose hairs, ovules 4. Fruit much smaller than in X. flavescens, 4-4 in. diam., quite smooth and glabrous.—Easily distinguished by its VOL. I. P 210 . XVI. POLYGALEZ. (A. W. Bennett.) [Xanthophyllum. slender habit, and glaucous membranous leaves, which are very pale beneath, with numerous slender much reticulated veins. 4, %. Griffithii, Hook. f. ; branches usually robust, leaves very coria- ceous elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acute or acuminate with few (5-6) prin- cipal nerves on each side glaucous beneath, panicle spreading tomentose, calyx pubescent, ovary and style strigose. : Mereul, Griffith, Helfer; Mauacca, Maingay. Very much more robust than X. glaucum, with very coriaceous leaves, 3-5 in. long ; branches very dark brown, smooth, terete ; branchlets often extra-axillary with two opposite lateral coriaceous oblong scales at the base (persistent first leaves of the bud). Flowers nearly § in. long, on short stout pedicels, smaller in the Mergui specimens, and darker when dry. Sepals orbicular-ovate, subequal. Petals linear- spathulate, glabrous, except the pubescent keel. Ovary sessile and style strigose, _ovules 4. Fruit in a Mergui species the size of a pea, slightly pubescent, shining. (perhaps immature). Large leaved specimens of this or a closely allied species, gathered in the Andamans _ by Helfer, but without flowers, resemble the leaves of X. acuminatissimum, Miquel. 5. X. Maingayi, Hook. f. ; branches very slender, leaves membranous elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate not glaucous beneath, prin- cipal nerves 5-6 on each side, racemes slender simple and panicled, calyx pubescent, ovary and style strigose, fruit densely pubescent. Matacea, Griffith, Maingay. : Branches glabrous, pale yellow-brown, branchlets tomentose. Leaves 2-3 by 14-14 in., pale green when dry, sometimes almost white beneath, but scarcely glaucous; petiole very slender, 7,-4 in. Racemes 1-2 in., axillary and terminal, the latter often panicled, branches very slender finely pubescent with pale buff down. Flowers lax, 3 in. long; pedicels short, slender, Sepals unequal, orbicular-ovate, obtuse, buff-pubescent. Petals glabrous, except the keel. Ovary and style strigose, ovules 4. Fruit % in. diam., globose ; walls thick, rugose when dry. ** Ovules numerous. (See also 2. YX. affine.) t+ Flowers panicled. 6. X. stipitatum, A. W. Benn. ; branches very slender, leaves mem- branous elliptic obtusely caudate-acuminate glaucous beneath, nerves indis- tinct, racemes sparingly branched pubescent, calyx puberulous ciliate, ovary cottony stipitate. Matacca, Maingay. Branchlets glabrous, dull brown. Leaves 2 by 3 in., dull pale leaden-brown when dry, rather coriaceous, shining above, opaque beneath, with very obscure nerves; petiole 4, in. Panicle sparingly branched ; branches long, slender. FJowers } in. long, dull red, shorter than the slender pedicels. Sepals subequal, broadly oblong, obscurely puberulous. Petals about twice as long, ciliate when young. Filaments villous below the middle. Ovary narrowed into a glabrous stipes, and base of style lousely clothed with white cottony hairs; ovules 10-12. 7, X. rufum, A. W. Benn. ; branchlets stoutand leaves beneath rusty or rufous pubescent, leaves very coriaceous elliptic-ovate or oblong acuminate, nerves beneath few very stout, panicle large and calyces red-tomentose, ovary and style densely villous, fruit pubescent. Mauacca, Maingay. A large tinber tree; branchlets very stout, densely tomentose. Leaves 5-7 by 1}-3 in., clothed beneath with soft spreading pubescence, especially on the costa and nerves (6 on each side), pale yellow when dry, upper surface opaque, under paler; Xanthophyllum.] Xvi. POLYGALER, (A. W. Bennett.) 211 potiole 3-4 in. Panicle 6-10 in., branches stout, densely clothed with yellow-brown tomentum; branchlets and calyces ruddy brown. lowers 3 in. long; pedicels shorter than the sepals, bracts large, oblong. Sepals subequal, coriaceous, orbicular, Aleciduons, densely tomentose within and without. Petals three times as long, nar- rowly falcate-lanceolate, glabrous, except the broad tomentose keel. Filaments pilose at the base. Ovary sessile, rigid (when dry) and wh densely pubescent to the top ; ovules 14-16. rut dry (immature obscurely angled). tt Flowers racemose, racemes rarely panicled. 8. X. obscurum, 4. W. Benn. ; branchlets stout, leaves very thickly coriaceous stout-petioled oblong obtuse glabrous dark brown’ when dry, racemes very short stout axillary few-flowered, calyx glabrous ciliate, ovary and style giabrous. : Smvcapore, Maingay. A large timber tree; branchlets woody, glabrous. Leaves 5-7 by 2-4 in., exceed- ingly thick, shining above, nerves 8-10 on each side reticulate, dark brown when dry; etiole 4 in. very stout. Racemes 1-14 in., stout, suberect, dark, few-flowered. Flowers 4-2 in. long. Sepals unequal, orbicular, tips minutely ciliate. Petals. all spathulate, subequal, glabrous, except on the claw and pubescent keel. Ovary ovoid and style quite glabrous; ovules 15-16 (Maingay). 9. X. insigne, A. W. Benn.; branchlets stout glabrous, leaves long- petioled very coriaceous ovate or elliptic-oblong obtuse glabrous, racemes simple short stout axillary and terminal, pedicels curved, sepals ciliate, ovary sessile and style glabrous. Maxacca, Maingay. A tree, not lofty ; trunk thick; branchlets quite glabrous. Leaves 5-6 by 13-24 in., base acute, dark brown when dry, shining above, nerves 6-8 on each side, loosely. reticulate ; petiole 3-1 in., very thick. Racemes 3-4 in., sometimes panicled at the ends of the branches. Flowers 4-§ in. long, handsome, almost black when dry. Sepals unequal, suborbicular, puberulous. Petals spathulate, subequal, except the keel which is larger and silky near the tip; claw pubescent. Ovary ovoid; style slightly curved; ovules 12-14. 10. X. ellipticum, orth. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 276; wholly glabrous, leaves rather coriacevus elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate- acuminate not glaucous beneath strongly reticulate, racemes simple stout suberect, calyx ovary style and thin-walled fruit perfectly glabrous. Matacca, Grifith.—Disrrip. Borneo. Branchlets slender or stout. Leaves 3-4 by 1-14 in., glossy above, very strongly reticulated on both surfaces, principal nerves about 6 on each side, pale brown when * dry; petiole } in. Zacemes 1-3 in., rachis rather stout, angled. \ Flowers } in. long, almost black when dry; pedicels equalling the calyx. Sepals orbicular, subequal, very coriaceous. Petals twice as long, very narrow, all quite glabrous. Filaments glabrous. Ovary and slender style perfectly glabrous; ovules 12-14. Fruit $ in. diam., sessile, chestnut-brown when dry with thin crustaceous walls.—There is a very faint pubescence on the buds and pedicels of the Bornean specimens. Orpen XVI. FRANKENIACES:. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S.) Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, with articulate branches. Leaves opposite, small, exstipulate. lowers small, solitary in the forks of the branches, regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx gamosepalous, persistent with 4-6 divisions, induplicate valvate in bud, Peétals equalling the sepals in number, hypogynous, free; claw with an adherent scale, Se in bud. i P 212 KVII, FRANKENIACER. (M. P. Edgeworth.) Stamens 4 or more, free, or connate at the base ; anthers versatile, 2-celled, Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled ; style slender, stigma 2-5-lobed ; ovules many in two rows, amphitropous with the micropyle below; funicles slender. Capsule enclosed in the persistent calyx, opening by as many valves as there are placentas. Seeds oblong or ovoid, hilum sub-terminal, raphe linear, testa crustaceous ; embryo straight, in the centre of mealy albumen.—A single genus, with about 12 species, natives of dry sandy and especially saline tracts, 1. FRANEKENTA, Linn. 1. F. pulverulenta, Zinn. ; annual, prostrate, leaves obovate retuse or hoary beneath, calyx glabrous.—Boiss. F7. Orient. i. 779. Plains of the Puxgas and Srna, on Sola land.—Disrris. Eastward to S. Europe, Senegal, and 8. Africa. A slender, exceedingly branched, diffuse herb ; branches wiry, leafy, 6-18 in. long. Leaves $+ in., very shortly petioled. Flowers pink, shorter than the leaves. Calyx cylindric, strongly ribbed. Petals small. Orver XVIII. CARYOPHYLLESAS. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S., & J. D. Hooker.) Herbs, rarely undershrubs; branches opposite, usually jointed and thickened at the joints. Leaves opposite, quite entire or serrulate, often connate ; stipules scarious or 0. Mowers rarely 1-sexual. Sepals 4-5, tree or connate, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-5, rarely 0, inserted on a hypogynous ring, rarely perigynous. Stamens 8 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted with the petals ; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel opening lengthwise. “Dzsk small and annular, or elongated into a gynophore, or broken up into glands. Ovary free, 1-celled, or imperfectly 3-5-celled; styles 2-5, free, or connate into a single style, stigmatose on the inner side ; ovules 2 or many, on slender basal funicles, or with the funicles united into a column, amphi- tropous. Capsule membranous or crustaceous, rarely fleshy, opening by valves equal in number or double that of the styles, rarely indehiscent or bursting irregularly. Seeds few or many, rarely solitary, reniform globose obovoid or flattened on one side; hilum marginal or central, albumen. miealy, rarely fleshy ; embryo usually more or less curved and surrounding the albumen, nearly straight in the discoid seeds, cotyledons narrow incum- bent, rarely accumbent.—Distris. Cosmopolitan, but chiefly Arctic, Alpine, European and W. Asiatic ; Genera 35, species about 800. TRIBE I. Silene. Calyx gamosepalous, 4-5-lobed. Petals clawed and stamens inserted on an elongate gynophore (rarely sessile). Styles free.— Stipules 0. Subtribe 1. DiantoEz. Capsule dehiscent; styles 2. Seeds peltate, hilum facial; embryo straight. Calyx bracteate, striate SD Mins h el RS Hard 1. Diuanrats. Calyx bracteate or not, 5-l5-nerved . . . . . . ) . ). 2 Tomtca. paete 2, Drypmes. Capsule indehiscent. Hilum lateral ; embryo curved, Calyx 5-15-nerved. Styles2 . . . . % . 8, ACANTHOPHYLLUM. XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 213 Subtribe 3, Lycuniprs. Capsule bursting by short or long valves, Hilum lateral ; erabryo annular. Calyx 5-nerved. Capsule 1-celled, deeply 4-valved; styles 2-3 4, Gyrsopaina. Calyx veined. Capsule shortly 4-valved; styles2 . . . . 5, Saronarta. Calyx 10-co-nerved. Capsule partially 3-celled, shortly 3-6- valved; styles3. 2... 1. ww oe ee 8 6. SILens. Calyx 10-nerved. Fruit fleshy; styles3 . . . . . . . 7. Cucunauus. Calyx 10-nerved. Capsule shortly 4-5- or 8-10-valved; styles 5 8. Lycunis. Tripe II, Alsineze. Sepals free, or connate at the base only. Petals subsessile and stamens inserted on an annular disk, rarely perigynous. Styles free, : * Stipules 0. Sepals free. Stamens hypogynous. Petals jagged. Capsule cylindric or conic, 6-valved. Styles 3. Seeds many, compressed. . . . . . . . . ~~ . 9. Honosrevum. Petals notched or entire. Capsule cylindric or conic, 8-10- valved. Styles 3-5, opposite the sepals. Seeds many. . 10. Cerastium. Petals 2-fid. Capsule globose ovoid or oblong. Styles 3-5. Seeds fewormany. . .-. ...... . . . «AL. Srevpari. Petals entire. Capsule depressed, 1-seeded Styles 2. . . 12. Bracuysremma. Petals entire or lacerate. Capsule of Stellaria. Styles usually 2-8. Seedsmany .... Serra ee . . 18. ARENARIA. Petals entire, minute or 0. Capsule 4-5-valved. Stamens and styles 4 or 5 opposite the sepals . . . . . . . . . 14. Saeina. ** Stipules 0. Sepals connate below into an obconic tube, bearing the stamens, PetalbO.' 2. 6 2 ee ee we ee ee ee 15, THYLACOSPERMUM. *** Stipules scarious. Sepals free. Petals entire. Styles 3 or 5. Capsules 3- or 5-valved . . 16. SpERcuLa. Trips III. Polyearpex. Sepals free. Petals subsessile and stamens inserted on an annular disk, Styles 3-2, combined. Stipules scarious, rarely obsolete, Sepals not keeled. Petals 2-6-fid . . 2 ee © ©. 17. Drymarta. Sepals keeled. Petals entire. Style B3fid . . . . . . 18, Porycanpon. Sepals scarious, not keeled. Stigma 3-toothed . . . . . 19, Ponycarrma. 1, DIANTHUWS, Linn. Herbs, usually perennial. Leaveslinear. lowers terminal, solitary or in panicled cymes. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, nely striated (with 7-9 or 11 nerves to each tooth) ; base embraced by 2 or more imbricating bracts. Petals with a long claw ; blade entire or toothed or fimbriate, claw without a scale, Stamens 10. Disk a long-stalked gynophore. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2, Capsule cylindric oblong or ovoid, 4-tonthed or valved. Seeds orbicular or discoid, plane or concave, imbricated ou the columnar placenta ; embryo straight, excentric.—DisTriz. Species about 70, natives of the _N. temp. zone exclusive of Western N. America. i chinensis L. (D. glaucus, Hb. Ham. in Wall. Cat. 656) is commonly cultivated in nala. 214. xviii. cARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook.f) [Dianthus. * Petals entire crenate or toothed, not fimbriate. + Petals smooth, surface not bearded, 1. D. Caryophyllus, Linn. ; leaves channelled, margin quite even, cymes loosely panicled, bracts 4 broadly obovate mucronate3—4 times shorter than the calyx, petals toothed and crenate. (Carnation or Clove Pink.) Ponsan at Attok, Falconer; ? Balti, alt. 7-8000 ft., Thomson.—Distue. Westward to mid-Europe. Perennial, glabrous, glaucous ; stems 18-24 in., branched and leafy below. Leaves 4-6 by kin. Flowers 1-14 in. diam., fragrant. Calyx 1-1} in., teeth acute. Petals obovate, rosy, teeth 44 the length of the blade. Capsule ovoid.—Thomson’s Balti specimens are very old, and if properly referred here, belong to a form with more numerous bracts. 2, D. Falconeri, Edgew.; leaves channelled serrulate, flowers sub- solitary, bracts 4 rarely 6 broad-ovate long-cuspidate 3-4 times shorter than the calyx, petals finely toothed. Wesrern Trser; Astor and Deotsu, Falconer, &c. Shrubby below; stems 1-2 ft., stout, rigid, dichotomously branched, Leaves 3-6 by din. 1-3nerved. Flowers smaller than in D. Caryophyllus. Calyx 2 in., strongly striate ; bracts suddenly contracted into the long cusp. ° 3. D. Cachemiricus, Hdgew. ; leaves channelled, margin thickened serrulate, flowers solitary or few, bracts 4 lanceolate with a long eusiform often foliaceous point sometimes equalling the calyx. Kasumir, Falconer. Stems touch branched from the base, more slender than D. Falconeri, erect. Leaves 1-14 in., very narrow, midrib beneath stont. Bracts with either very slender points or long leafy ones. Calyx 1 in., teeth ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, margins scarious. Petals large, obovate; blade-4—-3 by 1 in., margin toothed or almost entire. 4, D. anatolicus, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 489; small, slender, leaves very narrow margin much thickened serrulate, bracts 6 (4-8) very broad cuspidate 3 shorter than the calyx. Western Tiset, Falconer ; Dras, 8-10,000 ft., Thomson.—Disrriw. Armenia. Densely tufted; stock woody, short, much branched; stems 6-10 in., very slender, strict, 1- or more-flowered. Leaves 4-3 in., rigid, slender, with a very thick midrib and margin. Bracts with sometimes foliaceous points. Calyx 4in., teeth subacute, Petals rosy, blade small, broad, crenate-toothed. 5. D. Jacquemontii, Ldgew, ; leaves narrow, radical serrulate, cauline with thickened obscurely serrulate margins, bracts 4 very broad obtuse acute or cuspidate 3 the length of the calyx, calyx-teeth pungent. Western Himaraya, Kashmir, alt. 5-6000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. Stems 4-10 m., many from a tufted woody stock, rather slender. Leaves 1-1} in., coriaceous, green when dry, flat above, acute. lowers usually solitary. Bracts sud- denly contracted into a point which is sometimes thickened and quite obtuse. Calyx $-1in., teeth long, with rigid tips. Petals broad, rather deeply toothed. Near D. Liboschitzianus, Seringe, of the Caucasus, but differs in the toothed petals. 6? D. deltoides, LZ. ; glabrous, leaves linear acute obscurely serrulate, bracts 2, calyx 4 in., petals toothed. Western Tiser; Lance.—Disrris. (of D. deltoides, Western Europe). Specimens very imperfect, but apparently identical with the European plant, which varies from glabrous to pubescent, and very much in the length of the bracts, which in Lance’s specimen are 3-3 the length of the calyx, and coloured. Dianthus,|| XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER, (Edgeworth & Hook.f) 215 “+ Surface of petals bearded or pubescent. 7. D. Seguieri, Vill, ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i, 504; leaves broad, flowers usually fascicled, bracts 4-6 4-3 the length of the calyx, with leafy points, Western Tiset, Ladak, Stewart.—Disrais. Siberia, Caucasus, Greece- Stem 6-10 in., leafy, erect, simple or paniculately branched. Leaves strict, linear, obscurely 5-nerved. Flowers usually surrounded with leafy bracts below the 4-6 ovate abruptly cuspidate ones, which are themselves often tipped with an herbaceous point. Calyx-teeth mucronate. Petals rosy, blade obovate acutely toothed. ** Petals fimbriate. 8. D. fimbriatus, Bieberst, ; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 495; rigid, leaves rather broad subacute obscurely serrulate, bracts 6-8 short broad-ovate acute, calyx 3-1 in., petals fimbriate for 4 the length of the blade. Western Tizet; Falconer.—Distrim. N. Persia, Caucasus. « Stock stout, woody, often elongate, much branched and suffruticose ; stems many, strict, erect, 6-10 in., 1-flowered. Leaves 3-13 in., rigid, erect. Bracts } the length of the calyx, sometimes cuspidate. Calyx-teeth long, lanceolate, pungent. Petals white, fading into lilac or pink. : 9. D. angulatus, Royle Ill. 79; rigid, leaves linear acute serrulate, bracts 4-6 ovate acuminate or the lower cuspidate, calyx 3-2in., petals fimbriate for 4 the length of the blade. Western Himauaya, from Kunawar to Kishtwar, and in Piti and Zanskar, alt. 7-13,000 ft. . Quite similar to D. fimbriatus, and probably a variety of that plant, with the bracts often colonred and varying exceedingly in length, from }-4 the length of the calyx, which rarely exceeds 4, and never 3 of an inch, Var. 1. bracts rather lax ovate suddenly cuspidate. Var. 2. bracts with a foliaceous point 4-3 the length of the calyx, leaves dark green, cauline 3 in., petals less deeply cut. Habit of D. deltoides.—Kishtwar. : Var, 3. incertus, Jacquem. Herb. (sp.); bracts 4 rarely 6 lax ovate acuminate 3-4 the length of the calyx, petals not so deeply cut.—Kunawar. 10. D. crinitus, Smith ; Boiss. 1. Orient. i. 496 ; bracts 4-8 lanceolate long-acuminate, calyx 1-14 in., teeth long lanceolate, petals fimbriate nearly to the base of the blade. —- Western Pungap; Salt Range, Mleming, &c.; Peshawur, Vicary, &c. WersTern Ter, Falconer.—Distris. Beluchistan, Turkestan, and westward to the Levant. Suffruticose below; branches rigid, 8-18 in., few flowered. Leaves rigid, acute, cauline usually shorter than the joints. Bracts 4-} the length of the calyx, acute or cuspidate, Petals white, sweet-scented, segments capillary. . Dd. barbatus, Linn., is enumerated by Royle, together with D. caucasicus, Sims, but both are unknown to us as Indian plants. 2, TUNICA, Scopoli. Annual or perennial slender herbs. Calyx tubular, 5- (15-) toothed, with or without imbricate bracts. Petals 5, clawed, gradually widening into the entire or emarginate limb. Stamens 10. Torus sinall. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2; ovules numerous. Capsule oblong, dehiscing by 4 teeth, many-seeded. Seeds discoid or orbicular, peltate ; embryo straight.—DistTRiB. About 10 species, chiefly South European and West Asiatic, 216 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Tunica 1. ©. stricta, Bunge ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 521 ; annual, erect, leaves linear-spathulate, margins scabrous, cauline linear, flowers subsolitary ebracteate, calyx 5-ribbed. Ledeb. fc. Fl. Ross. t. 5. Kasaaar, Falconer, &c.—Disrrie. Soongaria, Altai, Persia, Asia Minor. Glabrous, 12-18 in., branched from the base. Radical leaves 4-4 in., many, short. Cymes strict, and their branches slender quite erect. Flowers $ in. long; pedicels often exceeding ‘the glabrous turbinate calyx. Petals white, linear-oblong, entire. Seeds boat-shaped, wrinkled on the edges and keel. 3, ACANTHOPHYLLUM, C. A. Meyer. Perennial, densely tufted acerose or spiny-leaved herbs or shrubs. Flowers solitary or in panicled or fascicled cymes, the lateral or all with 2-6 bracts. Calyx tubular or turbinate, 5-toothed or lobed, 5-15-nerved. Petals 5, ex- serted, narrow, spathulate ; claw long, widening into the entire or notched limb. Stamens 10. Disk sbort or produced into a short gynophore. Ovary 1-celled, 4-19-ovuled ; styles 2. Capsule ovoid or oblong, indehiscent or with 4 small teeth, 1-2-seeded. Seeds subreniform, laterally compressed, hilum marginal; embryo annular.—Distrre. About 17 species; natives of Western and Central Asia, most numerous in Affghanistan. 1. A. macrodon, Fdgew.; hoary, leaves spinous, ‘flowers solitary, bracts 4 linear with scarious margins. Wazaristan in the Punsan, Stewart—Disrrin. Affghanistan, Griffith. : A tufted excessively spinous herb, minutely pubescent. Leaves horizontal, 3-3 in., rigid with acerose tips, pale green, flat above, convex on the back, 7-54; in. diam. at the base. lowers rosy, 3 in. long, terminal; bracts squarrose, pungent, recurved, reaching as high as the calyx-lobes. Calya cylindric, hoary, lobes subulate-lanceolate, recurved, acerose, with very narrow scarious edges. Petals narrow. 4, GYPSOPHILA, Linn. Perennial or annual, often glaucous herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves usually flat, very rarely subulate. 'owersin panicled cymes, rarely solitary in the forks. Calyx turbinate tubular or campanulate, 5-toothed or -lebed, with 5 broad green nerves and membranous interspaces. Petals 5, claw narrow ; limb entire or notched, without (rarely with) a scale, Dzsk small. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2 (rarely 3); ovules many. Capsule 4-valved to or below the middle, few- or many-seeded. Seeds subreniform, hilum lateral; embryo annular.—Distris. Species about 50, European and W. Asiatic. Sect. I, Pseudacanthophyllum. Undershrubs. eaves pungent or acerose. Calyx ovoid or oblong-campanulate. 1. G. Ptewartii, Thoms. ; puberulous, leaves } in. subulate acerose, convex beneath, flowers subcapitate, bracts equalling the calyx-tube. Wazaristan in the Punsas, alt. 3-4000 ft., Stewart.— Disrris. Affghanistan (Turuak valley). A small green densely tufted spinous perennial. Leaves spreading, flat above, points glabrous polished. Cymes on short peduncles, 8-15-flowered; bracts narrow- subulate. Calyx } in., ovoid, glabrous, 5-ribbed; teeth long, slender, subulate. Petals half as long again as the calyx; blade pink, linear-oblong.—Closely allied to @. erinacea, Boiss. (of Affghanistan), but much smaller, with crowded flowers, and glabrous calyces with longer subulate teeth. Gypsophila,] XVII1. CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) 217 Sect, I]. Heterochroa. Herbs. Leaves flat. Calyw campanulate 5-fid, 2. G. sedifolia, Kurz. in Flora, 1872, 285; perennial, tufted, hoary all oe. io linear obtuse, cymes capitate. G. Tibetica, H./f. & 7. Herb. . Or. Western Trset, Zanskar and Dras, alt. 9-13,000 ft., Thomson. Root very stout, woody, with very many short tufted pointed decumbent branches. Stems pale, Leaves fascicled, } in., nerveless, rather thick, pruinose. Heads of cymes $-} in., on elongated branches 1-3 in. diam.; bracts linear, obtuse. Calyx 2g in., 5-lobed, téeth obtuse, margins scarious. Capsule not exceeding the calyx. Seeds cochleate. ; 3. G. cerastioides, Don Prodr. 213; perennial, hoary-pubescent, branches many decumbent, leaves obovate-spathulate, cymes lax. Acosmia rupestris, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 644; Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot, 26, t. 28. Timzosia rupestris, Klotzsch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. 138, t. 33 (styles 3). | Temperate Himataya from Kashmir and Kunawar to Sikkim, alt. 612,000 ft. Very variable in size; branches 4-10 in. Leaves 3-2 by 3-2 in., radical petioled, cauline sessile, all ciliate. Cymes usually lax, with leafy bracts. Flowers sessile or pedicelled, very variable in size, 4-4 in. diam. Calyx } in., campanulate, pubescent; lobes obtuse, strongly ciliate with curved hairs. Petals lilac, spathulate, 3-nerved. Styles 2-3. Seeds broad, black, tubercled. 5. SAPONARIA, Linn. Annual or perennial herbs: eaves flat. Flowers in dichotomous cymes. Calyx more or less tubular, ovoid or oblong, 5-toothed, nerves obscure. Petals’6, clawed ; limb entire or notched, with or without a basal scale. Stamens 10. Disk small, or produced into a gynophore. Ovary 1-celled, or imperfectly 2~3-celled ; styles 2, rarely 3; ovules many. Capsule ovoid or oblong, rarely subglobose, 4-toothed. Seeds reniform or subglobose, hilum marginal ; embryo annular.—Disrri. Species about 30, chiefly Mediter- ranean and W. Asiatic. 1, S. Vacearia, Linn.; radical leaves oblong, cauline sessile, base rounded or cordate, calyx-teeth triangular margins scarious, petals short erose. Wall. Cat.1503. S. Vaccaria and oxyodonta, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 525. 8. perfoliata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 445. Gypsophila Vaccaria, W. dé: A. Prodr. 42. In wheatfields throughout Inp1a, and in TiseT.— Disrris. A weed of cultivation. A tall, robust, simple or sparingly branched perfectly glabrous annual, 12-24 in. high. Leaves 1-3 by 3-3 in., acute, cauline linear-oblong. Cymes corymbose, many- flowered. Flowers erect; pedicels slender. Calyx }4in., with 5 broad green nerves, ventricose in fruit. Petals résy, obovate. Capsule included, broadly ovoid. Seeds large, globose, black, granulate. 6. SILENE, Linn. Annual or. perennial herbs. lowers solitary or cymose, often secund on the branches of the cyme. Calyx more or less inflated, ovoid campanulate clavate or tubular, 5-toothed or cleft, 10- rarely many-nerved. Petals 5; claw narrow ; limb entire bifid or laciniate, usually with two basal scales. Stamens 10, 5 usually adnate to the petals. Disk usually produced into a long gynophore. Ovary incompletely 3- (rarely 1-) celled ; styles 3 (rarely 5) ; ovules numerous. Capsule 3-6-toothed or valved. Seeds reniform, usually tubercled, hilium marginal ; embryo annular.—DistRip. Species about 250, chiefly natives of temperate Europe and Asia. 218 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) — [Silene. The following escapes from cultivation occur in Indian collections. S. Armeria, L. in the Nilgherries and Canara (Plant. Hohenack. No. 615).—N. noctiflora, L. (Wall. Cat. 624, from Herb. Wight., without habitat).—S. colorata, Poiret; (S. intrusa, W. & A. Prodr. 42; Wight Ill. i. t. 26); Nilghiris and Garwhal. Suscen. I. Behen. Petals imbricate in bud. Calyx usually inflated, 10- or 20-nerved, reticulately veined. 1. S. inflata, Smith; glaucous, cymes many-flowered, bracts scarious, calyx 20-nerved, petals deeply cloven. Wall. Cat, 623; Boiss, Fl. Orient, i. 628. S. Wallichiana, Alotesch in Bot, Reis. Pr. Waldem, 139, t. 30. 8, Cucu- balus, Wb. in Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 84. Cucubalus Behen, Linn. Temrerate Himazaya, elev. 5-11,500 ft., from Nipal to the Indus. — Distri. Temperate Asia, Europe, and N. Africa. Perennial, 2-5 ft., erect or ascending, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 1-3 in., ovate obovate or oblong, cauline sessile; margins denticulate. lower 1-3 in. diam., drooping white. Calyx ovoid, base intruded, teeth broadly triangular. Petals white, with two gibbosities in the place of scales. Capsule globose, gynophore short. Seeds concave in front, convex on the base, tubercled in lines. Suscen. II. Silene proper. eials contorted in estivation. Calyx with 10 anastomosing nerves, or 20, 30, or 60 simple nerves, not reticulately veined. Sect. I. Gonosilene. Calyx 20-, 30-, or 60-nerved, in fruit conical from a broad base.—Annuals. 2, S. conoidea, Linn.; glandular-pubescent, cauline leaves oblong or lanceolate acute, flowers panicled, calyx-base intruded, teeth subulate-lan- ceolate, 3 its length, petals obovate, capsules ovuid contracted above sessile. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 580 ; Wall. Cat. 625. Western Himanays; from Kumaon to the Indus, alt. 1-8000 ft.; and from OopE to the Pansas, in the plains. Waxsr Tissr; Ladak, alt. 8-11,000 ft.—Disrrie. West- » ward to the Atlantic ocean. Erect, 6-18 in., dichotomously branched. Leaves 2-4 in., radical spathulate, cau- line sometimes very narrow, sessile. Calyx 1 in. inflated in fruit. Petals pink, small, entire or erose; claw auricled; scales 2. Capsule crustaceous, shining. Seeds coch- leate, with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of tubercles. Secor. Il. Scorpioidesw. Calyx 10-nerved.— Annuals (the Indian species). lowers in unilateral racemes. 3.* S. gallica, Zinn.; annual, laxly pilose, glandular above, cauline leaves linear‘oblong or spathulate, cyme simple, flowers unilateral, calyx- base rounded, teeth subulate-lanceolate 4 its length, capsule subsessile ovoid. Boiss, £2. Orient. i. 590. Garwaat, Falconer; Carnatic, Wight :—an introduced weed.—Distrrip. A weed of cultivation. ; Erect, 8-18 in., clothed especially above with spreading hairs. Leaves 3-14 in. Racemes many-flowered. F'lowers 4-4 in. long, secund, lower pedicelled, upper sessile. Calyx ovoid, 10-striate, contracted above. Petals small, red (or white), emarginate; scales 2. Filaments villous below. Seeds minute, striate-tuberculate, not grooved, face flat with an ear-shaped depression. 3. S. apetala, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 307; annual, hoary-pubescent, cauline leaves linear-oblong, flowers subracemose, calyx campanulate, base obconic, teeth short lanceolate acute, margins scarious, petals included, capsule globose, shortly stipitate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 596. Silene.] | XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 219 wa PanyaB; Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart.—Disrris. Westwards to Spain. Stem 6-24 in., simple or branched. Leaves 1-1} in., acuminate, ciliolate. Oymes irregular, loosely racemose; peduncles exceeding the calyx; bracts acute. Calyx 2-4 in., with broad green hairy nerves; teeth short. Petals 0, or minute, spathulate, bright red. Seeds flat, channelled, with a double corrugated margin. Sect. III. Auricularia. Calyx 10-nerved, contracted towards the base, Petals with the claw toothed or auricled on both sides.—Perennials. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered elongate panicled cymes. 4, S. Moorcroftiana, Wail. Cat. 626; perennial, finely pubescent, cauline leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, flowers 1-3 terminal or subter- * minal, calyx tubular-clavate viscid, base intruded, teeth short obtuse with scarious margins, capsule ovoid shorter than the gynophore. Benth. in Royle Ill. 79 ; Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 129. Western Himavaya, alt. 10-13,000 ft.; from Garwhal to Kashmir. WesTern Trser, alt. 9-16,000 ft—Distris. Affghanistan. Stems many from a woody stock, densely tufted; flowering branches erect, 6-18 in., slender, simple or dichotomous at the top. Radical leaves spathulate-lanceolate, acute ; cauline shorter, acuminate acute or obtuse. Flowers erect. Calyx 1-1} in., slender below the middle; nerves 10, dark. Petals exserted, claw auricled with a long acute tooth ; limb 2-partite, segments ligulate, dirty red or white, involute when withering ; scales 2, long. Capsule with the gynophore as long as itself. Seeds compressed, not channelled, with 5 rows of dorsal and as many lateral tubercles. Var. 1. taller, more slender, 2-3-flowered.—Tibet. Var. 2. dwarf, leaves linear, pedicels longer than the bracts. 5. S. arenosa, (’. Koch. in Linnea, xv. 711; annual, slender, glaucous, viscid above, leaves narrow, margins revolute, flowers in sparse much- divaricating cymes, calyx clavate, base intruded, teeth lanceolate-ciliate, capsule oblong equalling the gynophore. S. leyseroides and §. salsa, Boiss. FI, Orient, i, 603. Western Pangas, common at Peshawur, Attock, &c. Vicary, Stewart.—Disrrie. Affghanistan, Persia, Armenia. : Very slender, excessively branched from the base, minutely pubescent, glandular above. Leaves shorter than the internodes, 3-1} in., rigid, acuminate. lowers erect or inclined ; pedicels }~1 in., capillary. Calyx 4-8in, slender, 10-ribbed ; teeth with scarious margins. Petals with an oblong 2-fid blade, lobes linear, claw auricled; scales 2, small, lanceolate.—Flowers open at night. - 6. S. tenuis, Willd.; perennial, glabrous or viscid, leaves narrow linear or lanceolate, flowers in short racemes, calyx campanulate, base rounded or truncate, teeth obtuse, petals 2-partite auricled, capsule oblong, gynophore short. Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 186. 8. graminifolia, Olth, m DC, Prodr. i. 368, not of Ledeb. S. Gul.-Waldemarii, Klotzsch ‘Bot. Reis, Pr. Waldem. 140, t. 31. 8. repens, Boiss. Fl, Orient. i. 614 (1 of Patrin): Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 425. 8, amana, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (not of ed. 2). Western Himataya, alt. 8-12,000 ft., from Kunawar to Kashmir, Jacquemont. gestern Tiset, Falconer —Disrris. Northern and Arctic Asia. Stems many from the root, erect or ascending, 4-18 in., slender, simple, naked when tall. Leaves 1-3 in., acute or acuminate, often ciliate, flat, radical slightly dilated upwards. #lawers often whorled, sometimes secund, inclined or nodding; pedicels $4 in.; bracts short, whorled, subulate. Calya 4-4 in., membranous, 10-nerved,; teeth spreading, Petals dirty-yellow or brown; scales short, ublong; claw ciliate. Capsule “fe ne length of the gynophore. Seeds with 5 dorsal and as many lateral rows of tubercles. 1 Var. dasyphyllé, Turez. Fl. Baic. Dah. i. 207 (sp.), densely pubescent, leaves more coriaceous not ciliate. Lahul, Jeschke. 220 XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [ Silene. Szcr. IV. Otites. Calyx 10-nerved, cylindric or contracted towards the base. Petals not auricled at the sides, with or without scales at the top of the claw.—Perennials, Flowers in opposite panicled or racemed cymes. 7. S. Falconeriana, Benth. in Royle Ill. 79, t. 20; perennial, stout, erect, pubescent below, leaves linear-lanceolate serrulate-ciliate, flowers 1 short uniform opposite cymes, calyx cylindric narrow, base intruded, teet. short obtuse, petals very narrow spathulate, tip rounded _or notched, cap- sule ovoid longer than the gynophore. Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 202. Wesrern Himataya, from Kumaon to Kunawar, alt. 3-9000 feet, Royle, &c. Stems 1-2 ft., several from the woody stalk, simple or branched, closely pubescent below. Leaves 14-23 in., narrow, pubescent or glabrous on both surfaces. Inflores- cence 1-14 ft. long, lax, of opposite or whorled cymes or branched racemes. Flowers erect or inclined; pedicels slender; bracts minute. Calysx } in., slightly dilated up- wards in flower, much so in fruit, membranous, nerves 10, green; teeth not margined with white; base truncate. Petals white, without scales or auricles. Capsules ovoid, twice or thrice the length of the gynophore. Seeds minute, granulate, sides flat or convex, back channelled. 8. S. Griffithii, Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 637; perennial, robust, densely pubescent, tomentose or villous, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, radical petioled, flowers in opposite few-flowered cymes, calyx cylindric, teeth acute, base rounded or truncate, petals 2-partite, lobes 3-6-fid, scales 0, capsule oblong, gynophore short. 8. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 627. 8. multifida, Hdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc, xx. 34. Carpophora Hoffmeisteri, Klotzsch in Bot. heise Pr, Wald. 139, t.32. 8. viscosa, Pers. ; Benth. in Royle JU. 79. Melandryum Griffithii, Hohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 248; Monog. Silene, 232. 8. viscosa lusus 3, and 6 suaveolens, Kar. & Kir. (sp.), Rohrb, Monog. Silene, 205. Western Himataya, from Garwhal to Cabul and Kishtwar, alt. 7-11,000 ft.—Dn- tris. Affghanistan, Soongaria. Very variable in pubescence, from hoary to almost woolly. Stems 12-18 in., simple or divided, very robust. Leaves 24-4 by 3-1} in,, radical spathulate-lanceolate, nar- rowed into a broad petiole ; cauline sessile, sometimes cordate at the base, more or less pubescent on both surfaces. lowers in opposite irregularly 3-flowered cymes, shortly pedicelled. Calyx $-1 in., glandular, hardly dilated above except in fruit, teeth not margined with white, nerves 10, green. Petals more or less laciniate, without scales or auricles. Petals white. Capsule four times as long as the gynophore. Seeds imma- ture, apparently like those of S. Falconeriana.—Very closely allied to S. viscosa, L., with which it is united by Bentham and Rohrbach. 9. S. kunawarensis, Benth. in Royle Ill.'79; perennial, puberulous or quite glabrous, slender, leaves narrow-spathulate or lanceolate, flowers in opposite distant pairs or cymes, pedicels slender, calyx glabrous cylindric or subclavate, base intruded, teeth short obtuse with scarious margins, ea deeply 2-fid, scales oblong, capsule ovoid twice as long as the gyno- phore. ; Wesrery Himataya, in the Tibetan regions of Kunawar and Piti, alt. 10,000 ft., Royle, Jacquemont, &c. Branches tufted from a prostrate stock; flowering ones slender, 6-12 in., usually labrous above. Leaves 1-1} in., very narrow, minutely pubescent on both surfaces. lowers vather few and scattered, nodding, pedicels slender, equalling the calyx. Calyx 4-3 in., membranous, quite glabrous or the teeth pubescent, clavate in fruit, 10-nerved.' Petals with 2 linear-oblong scales and no auricles. Capsule pale. Seeds dorsally channelled, sides nearly flat, hardly tubercled. 10. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 627; tall, slender, minutely pubescent, cauline leaves broadly ovate-cordate amplexicaul acuminate 5-9-nerved, « Silene.| XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 221 a4 cymes lax opposite long-peduncled, calyx glandular cylindric, teeth lan- ceolate-subulate, base truncate intruded, capsule narrow oblong, rather longer than the gynophore, S. viridiflora, var. Rohrb. Monog. Silene, 215. Western Himaraya, Sirmur, Wedd. We have seen but one specimen, itself a fragment, 16 in. tall, of what is evidently a tall spare lax-flowered species of a plant resembling closely 8. viridiflora, Linn.— Leaves 14 in. broad, puberulous on both surfaces. Branches of panicle (peduncles of cymes) 3-6 in., terminated by two ovate foliaceous bracts. Flowers drooping; pedicels 3-4 in. densely tomentose. Calyzx 2 in., very slender, 10-nerved, ventricose in fruit; teeth with scarious edges. Petals long, greenish-white; limb bifid, lobes ligulate ; scales 2. Filaments glabrous. Ovary cylindric, top globose; styles 3. Capsule immature, cylindric-oblong. Szcr. V, Cucubaloidese. Calyx cylindric, rounded at the base, pale, _ membranous. Petals without auricles at the sides.—Scandent or subscandent slender lax perennials, lowers in very lax few-floweréd panicled cymes, 1l. S.? Stracheyi, Hdgew.; glabrous, flaccid, ‘subscandent, leaves petioled lanceolate acuminate membranous, cymes 3-flowered bracteate, calyx membranous, teeth broad with orbicular tips, capsule half the length of the gynophore. Temperate Himavaya, Piti river, Kumaon, alt.7 500 ft., Strack. & Winterb. Sikkim in woods, Lachen river, alt. 9-10,000 ft., J. D. A. Habit and foliage of Cucubalus baccifer, but glabrous or nearly so, leaves longer petioled. Calyx cylindric, and ovary with a very long gynophore and 5-lobed callous tip, indicating a 5-valved debiscence.-—Stems shining. Leaves 2-24 by 3-3 in., ciliolate, with an intramarginal nerve. Pedicels 4-1in., very slender, minutely pubescent. Calyx 3 in., pale, with 10 green nerves and anastomosing veins between them above; teeth hyaline, contracted below the orbicular ciliolate tips. Petals white, very narrow; claw not auricled; limb retuse or 2-lobed. Hilaments glabrous; anthers short, didy- mous.—An exceedingly curious plant, intermediate between Silene and Cucubalus, per- haps better referred to the latter genus. 12, S. khasiana, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 259 ; glandular pubescent above, subscandent, leaves sessile ovate acuminate, flowers solitary and in terminal 2-3-flowered bracteate cymes, calyx shortly cylindric, teeth broad acute, base rounded, capsule oblong, gynophore very short. Kuasta Mrs., at Molim and Moflong, alt. 5-6000 ft., A. f. & T. A straggling brittle hardly flaccid herb, with rather robust branches. Leaves 1-2 in., not membranous, 3—5-nerved at the base, paler beneath, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, ciliolate. Flowers erect ; pedicels 4-1 ia., strict. Calyx 4 in., with 10 broad nerves and no veins. Petals pale pink; claw cuneate; limb 2-partite, obtuse; scales small. Filaments glabrous; anthers didymous. Capsule broad, with very small teeth. Seeds dorsally rounded, sides convex striate-tuberculate. 7, CUCUBALUS, Linn. A diffuse subscandent herb. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in 1-3- flowered leafy cymes or solitary in the forks of the branches. Calyx broadly campanulate, 10-nerved, 5-toothed. Petals 5; claw narrow toothed at the top; limb 2-fid with 2 scales at its base. Stamens 10. Dusk produced into a short gynophore. Ovary 1-celled, 3-septate at the base ; styles 3 ; ovules many. Fruit globose, tip crowned with an entire callus, shining, dry or fleshy, at length fragile and bursting irregularly. Seeds reniform, shining ; hilum lateral ; embryo annular. 222 xvii. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) [Cucubalus. 1. ©. baceiferus, Linn. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 657. Temrrrats Himavaya, from Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. to Sikkim, alt. 8-12,000 ft. Kuasia Mrs., at the Boga Pani, alt. 5000 ft., H.f. & T.—Dusrnis. Westwards to South Europe ; W. Siberia. : . A rambling herb, more or less pubescent with curly white hairs. eaves 1-2 by Le a 3-1 in., membranous, ciliate, narrowed into the petiole, upper sessile. Flowers drooping; « pedicel 4-4 in., tomentose. Calyx 4 in., base rounded; teeth large, broad, subacute, ciliolate ; nerves obscure, veins reticulate. Petals greenish-white, 2-lobed, Anthers didymous. Fruit the size of a pea, black. 8 LYCHNIS, Linn. Herbs, with the habit of Silene, but capsule 1-celled, and styles usually 5 (8-5).—DistR1B. Species about 30, natives of Arcticand Temperate northern regions, and of the Andes of S. America. The following species of Lychnis are, with the exception of L. Coronaria, extremely difficult to limit, the characters of habit, nervation of the calyx, form and division of the petals, and superficial markings of the seed, being all very variable. The division into winged- and wingless seeded is far from good; the contrast between the reniform granulate, and the angled and winged seeds, is indeed strong, but analogy with other genes would suggest, that some of the wingless species are but forms of winged ones. e cannot follow Rohrbach and others in separating Melandryum from Lychnis proper; the capsule debiscing variously in the same species, and several true Melandrya having crested seeds. Sect. I. Pseudagrostemma. Petals with stiff 2-toothed scales at the claw. Capsule 5-valved, valves quite entire. 1. L. Coronaria, Lamk. ; uniformly softly tomentose with silky white wool. Boiss, #l. Ovient. i. 658. Kasmnr Vatiey, abundant in groves and fields, Jacquemont, &c.—Distris. W. Asia, S. Europe. Stem 1-2 ft., sparingly branched. Leaves 3-5 in., spathulate-lanceolate, cauline oblong. Flowers on long pedicels. Calyx }-1 in., turbinate, 10-nerved; teeth con- torted to the left. Petcls 1 in. and upwards, broadly obcordate, red purple. Capsule subsessile, included. Seeds biconvex, equally striate-tuberculate. Secr. I. Melandryum. Petals with membranous scales. Capsule 4-5-valved, valves entire or 2-fid. * Stem scape-like, 1- rarely 2-3-flowered. Seeds compressed or angled, winged, not granulate or tubercled ; wing thick or inflated. 2. L. apetala, Linn. ; stem short glandular-pubescent 1-.rarely 2-3- flowered, calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals with a very short emarginate or bifid limb, carpophore very short or 0, ae a apetalum, Hohrd. in Linnea, xxxvi. 217. M. Falconeri, Rohrb, C, 220, Axrine Himazaya and Tine, alt. 12-17,000 ft.; and to 18,000 ft. in Sikkim.— Disrris. Aictic region», mountains of N. Europe, Asia, and America. Stems tufted, 2-6 in., often curved. Leaves radical linear-lanceolate or spathulate, obtuse or acute ; cauline 1-2 pair. Flowers nodding. Calyx $-2 in. long, mouth con- tracted, more open in fruit, membranous, pale between the broad dark nerves; which are variable in disposition, simple or sparingly branched, the secondary free or uniting with the primary in the short broad calyx-teeth. Petals excessively variable in length and breadth and in the subentire crenate or lobed scales, purplish. Capsule turgid; valves ae or Iychnis.] | XVIII. cARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 228 bifid, erect or recurved ; carpophore glabrous or tomentose, always very short. Seeds very variable, 7g—ys in. diam., with a narrow or broad wing.—I cannot distinguish L. Faleoneri, Rohr., even as a permanent variety ; it is characterized as having a more open calyx in fruit. Var. pallida, stems usually 2-flowered, calyx very pale with green undefined veins. — - Western Tibet, Falconer, Henderson. 3. L. nigrescens, Hdgew. ; stem simple glandular-pubescent 1-flowered, calyx inflated subglobose with broad purple-brown nerves, petals with a short retuse limb, varpophore 4-4 the length of the capsule brown-tomentose, L. tristis, Herb. Ind. Or. H. 7. & T. Melandryum macrorhizum, Rohrbd, in Linnea, xxxvi. 228, not of Royle. Aupine Sixkim Himataya, alt. 11-16,000 ft., J. D. H. ’ Similar in many respects to L. apetala, but stem more leafy, calyx larger and more inflated, almost § in. diam., with broader more membranous-edged teeth, and a very different carpophore. The nerves of the calyx are simple and free in all the specimens, and the seeds are like those of the rather narrow-winged forms of L. apetala.—Rohr- bach is certainly in error in describing this as wingless-seeded, and in referring it to Royle’s L. macrorhiza. 4. L. himalayensis, Hdgew. ; stem very slender elongate 1-3-flowered minutely pubescent, leaves usually very slender, calyx broadly oblong with slender black-purple nerves, petals with a very small blade, carpophore very short pubescent or 0, seeds angular very small narrowly-winged. L. apetala, var. himalayensis, Hohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 22. L. apetala, var. gracilis, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. ; ; Smem Hmtaraya, alt. 11-14,000 ft., J. D. H. Wasvern Tier, Falconer ; Sassar, alt. 15-17,000 ft., 7. T. Probably only a slender form of Z. apetala, but easily distinguished by its size (8-16 in.), slenderness, long narrow leaves, narrower smaller calyx 3-4 in. long, with usually more slender and-free veins, which however sometimes unite in the teeth, and small seeds which are pale in Thomson’s specimens, black in Hooker’s and Falconer’s, ** Seeds turgid, reniform, wingless, granulate tubercled or echinulate. t Stem short, single- rarely 2-flowered. 5. L. macrorhiza, Royle; Benth. in Royle Lil. 80 (not of Rohkrb.); stem short simple 1-flowered and leaves closely glandular-pubescent, leaves obovate-spathulate, calyx broadly oblong inflated pale, nerves faint free or united in the calyx-teeth, petals short, carpophore stout brown-tomentose, L, madens, Jacg. mss, ‘teins Wzsrern Himavaya, and Western Trser; Kunawar, Royle, Jacquemont ; Parang Pass, alt. 15-16,000 ft., T. Z.; Topi dhunga, alt. 15,000 ft., Strach. & Winterb. Whole plant 4-6 in., resembling Z. apetala, but leaves broader and more densely pubescent, pale, obtuse or subacute. Calyx 4-2in. Petals apparently deep purple ; limb short, 2-fid. Seeds pale chestnut, absolutely wingless, minutely granulate concen- ‘nical, back rounded.—Royle’s specimens are very imperfect, but I think referable to 8. . tt Stem elongate, simple or branched; leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate (rarely ovate in L, Cachemeriana). - 6. L. brachypetala, Hort. Berol. ; stem 1-2 ft. slender hoary simple few or many-flowered, leaves very narrow grass-like glabrous or minutely pubescent, flowers nodding opposite or in short few-flowered opposite cymes, calyx ovoid pale with 10 dark or green simple free or connected nerves, petals very short pale 2-partite, carpophore short glabrous or pubescent or 0, seeds \ 224 XVIII. CARYUPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Lychms, reniform dark ‘granulate. Melandryum brachypetalum, Fenzl in Led. Fl. Ross, i, 326. Var. tibetanum, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 232. Axpine Himaraya; from Sikkim, alt. 12-15,000 ft., J. D. A, to Kunawar, Jacque- mont ; and Western Tiner, alt. 10-15,000 ft., Str. & Winterb., Thomson, &c..—D1s- trig. Siberia, Dahuria, Mongolia. . . Stems strict, very rarely divided except at the base. eaves 2-5 in., rarely 4 in. broad. Flowers often in distant pairs towards the top of the stem; pedicel strict, 2-bracteolate. Calyx 4 in. long, pale with dark or green nerves, which are very vari- able; teeth spreading in fruit. Petals pale-red or dirty white, included or slightly exserted; claw glabrous or ciliate, obtusely auricled. Seeds minute. Capsule with simple or 2-fid teeth.—The nerves of the calyx are sometimes united at the tips, at others free; at times simple, and again the secondaries branch and unite with the primaries. 7. LG. multicaulis, Wall. Cat. 622; stems 2-3 ft. strict laxly pubescent above, leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous or puberulous margins scaberulous, flowers very few in elongate racemes nodding, calyx oblong-campanulate, nerves green or brown united in the teeth, petals short, limb minute toothed, carpophore short pubescent or 0, seeds reniform dark granulate. Benth, in Royle Ill. 80. Melandryum multicaule, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 226. Temperate Himaraya; Nipal, Wallich ; Kumaon, 10-12,000 ft., Hdgew.; Sikkim, alt. 11,000 ft., J. D. H (flower rather large, calyx green). A much taller plant than ZL. brachypetala, inhabiting lower levels, with sparser in- florescence, longer pedicelled fewer flowers and usually broader leaves; but probably only a lowland form; also very near LD. nutans, Royle. Wallich’s and Edgeworth’s specimens have calyces } in. long, with purple nerves; the Sikkim ones have larger calyces, 3 in. long, with broader green nerves; in both the venation is very variable. Styles 3-5 and capsule 5-6- or 8-10-cleft. : 8. L. Cachemeriana, Royle; Benth. in Royle Ill. 80; stem robust erect strict simple hoary, leaves from ovate to lanceolate scaberulous, flowers large erect or nodding in subterminal contracted cymes, calyx green oblong, teeth acute, nerves many anastomosing, claw of petals woolly, limb 2-fid, lobes cut, carpophore broad densely woolly, seeds reniform granulate. Melandryum indicum, var, fimbriatum (a form), Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 235. Kasumir, Royle, &c. An erect rigid species, with strict rarely spreading cymes. Leaves very variable, 2-3 by 4-3 in. Calyx membranous, }-1 in. long, teeth acute or acuminate. Petals white or pale, blade about 4 in. long. Carpophore about 4s long as the 5-fid capsule. —Probably only a form of L. indica, as regarded by Rohrbach, but the calyx-lobes are usually much more acute. 9. L. Stewartii, Hdgew. ; stem short, wiry, hoary below pubescent above leafy, leaves very narrow linear spreading 1-nerved, flowers few small solitary in the upper leaf axils nodding, calyx oblong pubescent, nerves green faint free or united, teeth rounded, petals obcordate with. a very short 2-partite white limb, carpophore densely woolly, styles 3 very, short. Western Hrmauaya; Upper Chenab and Chamba river, alt. 8-11,000 ft., Stewart. A very curious little species, probably polygamo-diccious, of which there are but scanty specimens, without seed, somewhat resembling Stellaria graminea in foliage, and quite unlike any other Indian species of the genus. Stem 4-6 in., rigid, slender, upper part and pedicels viscidly tomentose. Leaves 2 by 2-75 in., rigid, keeled by the solitary stout midrib, margins recurved. Pedicels solitary or in opposite pairs, pubescent, with two linear bracts above the middle. Calyx 4 in. long, membranous, pubescent, teeth scarious, edges with long curled cilia, “Petals with the claw very Jythnis.) Xvit1. CARYoPHYLLE®. (Edgeworth & Hook.f) 295 ‘broad, auricled, exceeding the calyx; limb small, recurved; appendages notched. Capsule exceeding the calyx, 10-cleft. ttt Stem elongate, usually laxly dichotomously branched (simple in L, inflata), Leaves ovate elliptic or lanceolate. 10, &. inflata, Wall. Cat, n. 618; minutely pubescent, stem simple erect 1-3-flowered leafy, leaves elliptic or lanceolate lower petioled, flowers large’terminal drooping, calyx very inflated pale with dark brown nerves, teeth rounded, petals with a broad claw 2 large appendages and a short rounded limb, carpophore short woolly, seeds reniform compressed, back furnished with rows of long soft seta. Benth, in Royle Ill. 80. Melan- dryam inflatum, Rokrd. in Linnea xxxvi. 225. Agrostemma inflata, Don Gen, Syst, i. 417, Wesrern Temreraté Himatayva; Kumaon, Blinkworth. , Stem rather stout, 10--16 in., glandular-pubescent above, nodes swollen. Leaves 14-23 by 3-2 in., acute or acuminate. edicels slender, ebracteolate. Calyx 3 in. long, nearly as broad, membranous; nerves free or uniting in or below the broad hya- ‘Tine rounded teeth, which are not ciliate—A very curious and distinct form, the seeds of which are quite peculiar. It is singular that it should have escaped the notice of all ‘collectors in Kumaon since the days of Blinkworth, the first explorer of the Flora of that region. ll. Be indica, Benth, in Royle Ill, 81; finely-pubescent, stem leafy dif- fusely dichotomously branched, leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate or orbi- cular, panicle lax many-flowered, calyx oblong inflated, nerves green or brown, lobes short rounded, carpophore short broad pubescent, petals with a 2-fid or fimbriate limb, seeds reniform granulate. Temperate Himaraya, alt. 5500-10,000 ft., from Nipal to Marri. A tall dichotomously branched spreading weak herb, 2-3 ft. high; stem below some- times as thick as a swan's quill. Leaves variable, more or less ovate-lanceolate, lower petioled, largest 4 in. long, membranous, flaccid. lowers drooping when young, in open or contracted panicled glandular-hairy cymes; pedicels ebracteate. Calyx 4-3 in. ‘long, glandular-pubescent ; nerves 10-15, free or combined, simple or branched ; teeth broad, obtuse rarely acute. Petals very variable, usually white inside and purplish out- side; appendages short, obtuse, often crisped. Capsule ovoid, teeth 5, simple or bifid. Seeds minute, very dark, the granulations on the back stronger than on the sides. Var. 1. indica proper; petals with a short 2-fid blade, lobes entire or 2-toothed, styles usually 8. Silene indica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 34; Fl. Ind. ii. 447; Wall. Cat. 264 in port. Melandryum indicum var. genuinum, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 234. Var. 2. fimbriata, Wall, Cat. 619 (Sp.); petals with a Jonger lacerate or fimbriate blade, the lobes linear 2-fid, styles usually 5. Benth. in Royle Ill. 80, t. 20 B. L.-erio- stemon, Wall, Cat. n. 620. Melandryum indicum var. fimbriatum, Avhrb. Le. 12, %. nutans, Benth. in Royle Ill. 80; finely pubescent, stems dif- fusely dichotomously branched, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate or orbi- cular, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx globose inflated, nerves green or brown, lobes short rounded, carpophore short pubescent or 0, petals with a ‘short purple crenulate limb, seeds reniform granulate tubercled on the back. Melandryum nutans, Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 229. L. ciliata, Wall. Cat. n 621, Temperate Hisavaya, from Sikkim to Kunawar, alt. 7500-11,000 ft.; Marri, alt. 10-12,000 ft. , . . Very closely allied to L. indica, but apparently a smaller plant, more flaccid, with a shorter more. globose calyx, aud short crenulate corolla-limb,. The upper leaves are sometimes orbicular-curdate, VOL. I, Q 226 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Lychnis. 13. L. pilosa, Adgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 34; clothed especially above with long spreading flaccid hairs, stem erect or diffusely branched, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, panicle lax few-flowered, calyx oblong, nerves green, lobes short, petals with a 2-lobed limb, lobes bifid, carpophore short or long, seeds reniform, granulate on the sides, back with long pro- cesses. Melandryum nutans (a form), Rohrb, in Linnea, xxxv1. 229, Wesrern Temperate Himauaya, from Garwhal to Kashmir, alt. 9-12,000 ft., Royle, Edgeworth, &c. e . ery closely allied to L. nutans, if not, as Rohrbach considers, a variety of that plant; it is best distinguished by the long flaccid hairs, and echinate dorsal face of the seeds; the latter character is not a very good one, as a passage can be established between the seed of L. indica in which the dorsal granulations are but little larger than the lateral, through that of L. nutans 1o that of DL. pilosa. There are two forma of this species, the original, with the calyx nearly an inch long and a long woolly carpo- phore; and another with smaller calyx (altogether like that of L. nutans), and a short carpophore. The styles are 5. . 14, L. cancellata, Jacqguem. mss, ; densely hoary-pubescent, stem erect, simple, leaves elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, panicle contracted few- flowered, flowers suberect, calyx 5-lobed to below the middle viscid glan- dular, lobes subacute, petals with an auricled claw and short 4-fid limb, carpophore woolly, seeds granulate. Konawar, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Jacquemont, Royle, &c. Erect, rather slender, covered with close-set often rather long and spreading hairs, glandular above. Leaves very yariable, 1-2 in. long, radical petioled, cauline sessile, acute or acuminate. lowers in rather distant pairs, shortly pedicelled, inclined. Calyz 4-} in. long, subcampanulate, green, densely tomentose or woolly ; nerves 10, meeting in the segments, broad, green; lobes oblong, erect or somewhat spreading; ciliate, tips often recurved. Petals with the claw woolly, limb about 3 in. long; scales 2-fid. Stamens woolly. Styles 4-5.—The deeply cleft calyx is the best mark for this species, but possibly not a good one, as I observe some irregularity in the divisions, suggesting an abnormal condition of that organ. The following Indian species of Lychnis contained in the Kew Herbarium are in too imperfect a condition for determination. P L. puma, Royle; Benth. in Royle Ill. 80; Rohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 227 (Melan- ryum). L. cunziroura, Royle; Rohrb. le. ; a densely tomentose short large-rooted species, with spathulate leaves, in a very young state from Kunawar. Me.anpryum inrrusum, Fohrb. in Linnea, xxxvi. 242, is unquestionably Silene colorata, an introduced plant, alluded to at p. 218. There is a Lychnis in the Herbarium differing from any of the above described Indian species, in the upper leaves being linear and rounded at the tip; its flower resembles that of DZ. indica. I have seen scraps only from the Shiri Pass in Tibet, collected by Heyde, and from Dr. Stewart (locality uncertain but probably from Tibet). 9. HOLOSTEUM, Linn. Annual glandular herbs. eaves narrow. Flowers in terminal umbel- like cymes, Sepals 5. Petals 5, toothed or notched. Stamens 3-5, rarely 10. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3 (-5); ovules many. Capsule subcylindric, with twice as many short terminal valves as there are styles. Seeds peltate, con- cavo-convex, dorsally compressed, rough; embryo horse-shoe shaped.— Distr. Species 3. Europe and W. Asia. ; This genus is distinguished from Arenaria and Stellaria more by habit than by any easily defined character. Holostewm.| XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) 297 1. H. umbellatum, Jinn. ; leaves rosulate petioled’ elliptic-oblong. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 709. : Kast, Jacquemont, &c.—Disrris. W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe. Stem 4-8 in., very slender, branched below. Leaves 4~1 in. Flowers few, erect ; pedicels 4 in., deflexed after flowering, erect after fruiting; bracts small, membranous, Sepals white, obtuse, edges scarious. Petals rather longer, } in., white or pale pink, Stamens and styles often 3each. Capsules exceeding the sepals. Seeds black. 10. CERASTIUMI, Linn. Pubescent rarely glabrous herbs, often glandular, annual or perennial Leaves usually small. lowers white, in terminal dichotomous cymes. Sepals’ 5, rarely 4. Petals as many, rarely 0, notched or 2-fid, rarely quite entire or cut, Stamens 10, rarely 5 or fewer, hypogynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles usually 3-5; ovules many. Capsule cylindric, often curved, with twice as many short valves as styles. Seeds compressed, not arillate; embryo annwar,—Distrip. Species about 40, all natives of temperate and cold regions. Cerastium like Holostewm is with difficulty distinguished by technical characters from Arenaria and Stellaria. Sect. I. Dichodon. Styles usually 3. 1. GC. trigynum, Villars; perennial, tufted, stem procumbent with alternating hairy lines or glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate glabrous, cymes 1-3-flowered; bracts herbaceous with membranous edges. Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 715. Stellaria cerastioides, Zinn. Sp. Pl. 604. Diplodon cerastioides, Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ, f. 4915. Avpine Western Himaraya, alt. 11-17,000 ft., from Kulu to Kashmir, and in Western Tiset, Royle, Jacquemont, &c.—Duisrris. Affybanistan, Siberia, W. Asia, Arctic regions, Alps of Europe. Nearly glabrous. Leaves }-4 in., distant, obtuse, often recurved. Flowers 4 in. diam.; pedicels very slender, glandular-pubescent, fruiting reflexed. Sepals linear- oblong, spreading, 1-nerved. Petals deeply 2-fid. Styles usually 3. Seeds with 8 rows ‘of dorsal tubercles.— Altogether intermediate between Cerastium and Stellaria. Sect. II. Strephodon. Styles 5. Valves of the capsule convolute or recurved at the tip, margins not revolute. 2. C. dahuricum, Fisch. in Spreng. Pugill. ii. 65; tall, glabrous or pubescent below, leaves large oblong sessile or auricled, petals twice as long as the sepals, claws bearded, capsule straight, seeds tubercléd. Boss. Fl, Orient. i, 717. , Wesrern Temperate Himavaya, alt. 10-11,000 ft., from Kumaon, Str. & Wint. to Marri, Stewart.—Disrris. Dahuria, Siberia, Persia, Caucasus. ; Perennial. Stem stout, ascending amongst shrubs to 12 ft., shining. Leaves 13- 2 in., connate, obtuse or acute, margined. Cymes with divaricating branches and pedicels, which latter are slender, ebracteolate. Flowers 3? in. diam. Sepals elliptic- oblong, subacute, shining, with narrow scarivus edges. Petals twice as iong, obcordate, 2lobed. Capsule twice as long as the calyx, striate, many-nerved ; valves revolute. 3. C. indicum, Wight & Arn. Prodr. 43; slender, glandular-pubescent, leaves subsessile elliptic ovate or lanceolate acute, petals a little exceeding - calyx, capsule straight, teeth recurved. Yhwattes Enum. 24; Wight i. t. 26. a Wesreen Peninsuta, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Wight, &c. Ceyuoy, alt. 6-7000 ft., Thwaites, ‘ Q 228 XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Cerastium. ’ Perennial. Stems very slender, flaccid, 1-2 ft. Leaves 1-14 in., membranous, not ‘margined, ciliate, obscurely petioled. Flowers few, in terminal dichotomous cymes ; pedicels divaricate, tomentose. Sepals } in., oblong-lanceolate, acute, margins narrowly scarious. Capsules rather longer than the sepals.—There is a specimen marked as names in Herb, Benth., but I suspect it is Indian; it has, however, rather longer petals. Secr. III. Orthodon. Styles 5. Valves of the capsule straight or slightly spreading; margins revolute or recurved. 4, ©. vulgatum, Zinn. ; annual or perennial, tomentose or hairy, glan- dular above, lower leaves spathulate, upper oblong ovate or lanceolate ob- tuse or acute, petals equalling the calyx, rarely 0 or larger, capsules much exceeding the calyx often curved. Wight & Arn. Prodr, 43. Throughout the temperate and subalpine regions of Inp1a and Cryron, ascending to 15,000 ft. in Sikkim and Western Tibet.—Disrriw. Temperate N. Europe and Asia; introduced into various countries. Stems 6-12 in., erect or suberect, simple or branched, stout or slender. Cymes various, few or many-flowered, open or crowded or subcapitate or subumbellate. Flowers $3 in. diam., sometimes apetalons or 5-androus. Capsule very variable in length, and seeds in amount of granulation or tuberculation. Var. 1. glomerata, Thuillier; annual, pubescence dense spreading, leaves obtuse, cymes at first subcapitate, fruiting pedicels suberect shorter than the sepals, bracts all herbaceous, sepals acute densely hairy, margins narrowly membranous. Var. 2. trivialis, Link; annual or perennial, cymes usually open, leaves usually lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate acute, pubescence shorter less spreading, bracts all herbaceous, sepals lanceolate, margin narrowly membranous. - Var. 3. grandiflora, Don Prodr. 216 (sp.) ; annual, flaccid, stems 6-10 in., lower leaves obovate-spathulate, upper oblong, cymes open, bracts herbaceous, pedicels slender, petals twice as long as the calyx.—C. napalense, Wall. Cat. 628. Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ? Var. 4. tibetica; dwarf, densely tufted, leaves oblong or elliptic, cymes few- flowered, bracts all herbaceous, flowers as in var. 3. grandiflora.—Sassay pass, alt. 16-17,000 ft., Z. Thomson; Ladak, Stewart. Perhaps a new species, but the specimens are very few. ? Var. 5. membranacea, Jacq. mss. (sp.): stem slender erect, leaves oblong-lanceo- late acute, cymes few-flowered, bracts with broad scarious edges, pedicels slender, petals larger than the broadly scarious-edged coloured sepals.—Kunawar, between Hookio- ghat and Doubling, Jacquemont.—Perhaps a different species or a small state of the following, but we have only 2 stems. 5. ©. Thomsoni, ook. f. ; clothed with spreading glandular hairs, stems slender erect, leaves all linear-oblong subacute cymes few-flowered, bracts with narrow scarious edges, pedicels slender, flowers large; sepals oblong-lanceolate subacute coloured below the scarious tips, much smaller than the broadly-obovate petals. - Tempzrats Wesrern Himaraya; Kishtwar, alt. .11-12,000 ft. 7. Thomson; Kumaon, alt. 10,000 ft., Strach. d& Wint.; Lahul, Jaeschhe. We were at first disposed to regard this as the C. grandiflorum, Don, because of the size of the flower; but that plant having broadly obovate lower leaves is no doubt Wallich’s C. napalense (a var. of triviale), which has further much smaller flowers and a very different habit from this. Stems 6-12 in., quite erect, rather slender, copiously hairy, branched at the very base only. Leaves 3-1} in., straight, the very lowest soon withering and more obovate. Cymes subumbellate. Flowers 3-3 in. diam., with broad petals. wit unknown. ; 4 Stellaria.]; XVIII. CARYOPHYLLE®. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) 229 1l, STELLARIA, Linn. Herbs of various habit. Leaves various. Flowers in dichotomous cymes, more rarely solitary and terminal, white. Petals 5, rarely 4, 2-fid or 2-par-, tite or 0, Stamens 10, rarely 8, hypogynous or perigynous. Disk annular. or divided into glands. Ovary 1- rarely 3-celled ; styles 3 or rarely 2-5 ;, ovules many, rarely few. Capsule short, splitting to below the middle or to the base into as many entire or 2-fid valves as there are styles. Seeds compressed, tubercled granulate or nearly smooth ; embryo annular.—D1s- TRIB. Species about 70, natives of all culd and temperate regions. ; Sect. I. Schizostegium, Jenzl. Subscandent or decumbent herbs. Ovary 3-celled. Capsule 1-2-seeded. 1, S. crispata, Wail. Cat. 633 ; tall, glabrous, pubescent above, leaves large sessile oblong or linear-oblong from a cordate base long-acuminate, edges crisped, flowers smail. S. monosperma, Don Prodr, 215, Temperate Himaaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft., from Sikkim to Kashmir; Kuasta Mrs.; alt. 5-6000 ft. Root of fleshy fusiform fibres. Stem 2-4 ft., 4-angled, shiniag with a line of fine hairs, nodes often hairy. Leaves 2-9 in., often broadest beyogd the middie, pale beneath, rather coriaceous, nerves very faint, one intramarginal, tips very slender, margin scarcely thickened, more or less crisped. Cymes much branched, pubescent, peduncles and pedicels divaricate, very slender. Sepals 4 in., oblong-lanceolate, acumi- nate, margin narrowly scarious. Petals as long or twice as long as the sepals. Seeds 1 or 2, granulate. 2, S. paniculata, Fdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 35 ; tall, glabrous or ciliate, leaves petioled lanceolate or elliptic long-acuminate, flowers very small pubescent. ,8. media, Wight Cat. 145, not of Linn. Western Temperate Himaraya, alt. 7-11,000 ft.; Sikkim, J. D. H.; Kumaon to Sirmur, Royle, Edgeworth, &c. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 5000 ft., Griffith, &c. Niteutri Mrs., Wight, &c. Nearly glabrous or laxly pubescent throughout. Stem 2 ft. high and more, decum- bent or suberect, weak, shining, with a line of hairs above. Leaves 14-5 in., very variable in shape, membranous, long or shortly acuminate, nerves spreading, one intra- marginal, Cymes glandular pubescent, much branched; peduncles and pedicels very slender, spreading. Sepals pubescent, oblong-lanceolate, acute, {-4 in. Petals notched, shorter than the sepals. Capsule equalling the calyx. Seeds wrinkled. ‘ 3. S. drymarioides, Thwaites Enum. 24; procumbent, rooting, gla- brous below, glandular-pubescent above, leaves petioled orbicular or broadly elliptic acute or apiculate, flowers small densely pubescent. Czyton; Harpootelle pass, alt. 4000 ft., Walker, Thwaites, Stems slender, flaccid, 4-angled; branches erect. Leaves 4~1} in. diam., with a few scattered hairs; petals 3,—§ in.; nerves spreading. Cymes with long slender spreading peduncles and pedicels, the latter often thickened upwards. Petals 2-fid, half as long as the sepals. Disk 5-lobed. Capsule included, 1-seeded.— Closely allied to S, paniculata and probably a broad-leaved state of that plant, the foliage and habit closely eae Drymaria cordifolia, which may at once be distinguished by the nervation of the leaf. Srct, IL Malachium, Fries. Sepals free to the base. Stamens hypo- gynous. Styles usually 5. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule with 5 2-fid valves, many-seeded. 4. S. aquatica, Scopol: ; slightly glandular above, stem diffuse decum- bent angular, leaves ovate-cordate, Cerastium aquaticum, Zinn. Mala- thium aquaticum, Fries ; Boiss. 11. Orient. i. 731. 230 =-xviiI. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Stellaria, Temperate Himataya; from Nipal to Marri, alt. 4-8000 ft.—Disrris. N. and W. Asia, N. Africa, Europe. Perennial. Stem i-3 ft., brittle, branched, often trailing over bushes. Leaves 1-1} in., membranous, lower shortly petioled, acute, sometimes ciliate. Flowers } in. diam., axillary. Sepals lanceolate, enlarged in fruit. Petals with diverging lobes. Capsule 1 in., ovoid, rather exceeding the sepals; peduncle deflexed, curved at the tip. Seeds globose, tubercled. Secr. III. Stellaria proper. Sepals free to the base. Stamens hypo- gynous or subperigynous. Ovary 1-celled; styles 2-3. Capsule with 4-6 entire valves. Seeds numerous, rarely few. 5. S. media, Linn. ; stem procumbent with a line of hairs, leaves ovate acuminate lower petioled upper sessile, cymes many-flowered, sepals green subacute or obtuse, petals shorter than the glandular sepals or 0, stamens 3-10, styles 3, seeds opaque strongly tubercled or echinate.. Wall. Cat. 631; Wight Ic. t. 947; Bors, Fl. Orient. i.707. §. monogyna, Don Prodr. 215. Alsinella Wallichiana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 630. Throughout the Pansas, and temperate regions of India, ascending in the Htmatara to 12,000 ft., and in Western Tiset to 14,500 ft. Cryton; Newera Ellia, probably introduced.— Disrriz. All Arctic and N. temperate regions, a doubtful native elsewhere. A very common aud most variable weed. Stems 6 in. 2 ft., generally much branched, flaccid, green. Leaves 4-1 in., lower long-petioled, ovate or cordate, upper sessile, elliptic or lanceolate. lowers axillary and in terminal cymes, }-3 in. diam.; pedicels slender, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Sepals obtuse or subacute, hairy glandular or covered with raised points. Capsule ovoid, longer than the sepals. Seeds brown, acutely tubercled.—F'lower's 4-merous and apetalous in Alpine Sikkim specimens. 6. S. sikkimensis, Hook.f. ; decumbent, stems shining below, much branched laxly pubescent or villous with spreading hairs, leaves small sessile ovate or ovate-lanceolate rarely cordate, cymes terminal many-tlowered, sepals lanceolate acuminate pilose much exceeding the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, styles 3, capsule not exceeding tle sepals. Stxxm Hirataya; common, alt. 5-9000 ft., Herb. Griffith, J. D. H. Often forming matted tufts, clothed with flaccid brown spreading hairs. Leaves 4-2 in., apneaing recurved or reflexed, acute, very shortly-petioled, opaque, hairy on both surfaces and ciliate. #lowers 4 in. diam. ; pedicels rather longer than the sepals, spreading, decurved in fruit. Sepals with broad scarious margins. Capeule elongate ovoid, rather longer than the sepals; valves 5, entire. Seeds many, minute, opaque, scarcely tubercled—Subalpine specimens have more coriaceous deflexed leaves, with strongly recurved margins. Nearly allied to S. sawatilis, but less perigynous, more laxly hairy, and cymes much shorter peduncled and terminal. 7. S. semivestita, Hdgew. ; more or less woolly, stem elongate stout decumbent much branched leafy, leaves spreading and recurved subulate, peduncles axillary much exceeding the leaves, sepals lanceolate acuminate with broad scarious margins shorter than the petals, stamens 10, styles 3. Western Temrerate Himaraya; Kumaon, alt. 6-8000 ft.; Lohoo-ghat and Dadovka Taola, T. Thomson; Chaur, Strach. & Wint. Forming large compact or lix tufts. Stems 6-18 in., terete below; branches ascend- ing, crowded, very leufy, white with woolly hairs. Leaves 4-3 in., gradually recurved from a broad base, 1-nerved, woolly on both surfaces or glabrate. Flowers 4 in. diam.; cae 1 in., very woolly. Sepals } in., very acuminate, back striate, tomentose. etals 2-partite, rather broad. Fruit unknown. 8. S. Webbiana, Wall. Cat. 642 (Leucostemma) ; glabrous, stem slender decumbent branched leafy, leaves spreading linear or acicular, pedicels Stellaria.| XVIII, CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook.f) 281 axillary capillary very long, sepals lanceolate acuminate much shorter than the 2 fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2. Benth. in Royle il, 81, t. 21, f. 2 Western Temperate Himanaya, alt. 5-6000 ft., from Kumaon to Sirmur, Blink- worth, &c. Stems zigzag, 6-12 in., 4-angled. Leaves 4 in., shining, with long acicular points, l-nerved, sessile, rather rigid. lowers axillary, suberect, 4 in. diam. ; pedicels strict, 1-2 in., erect in fruit. Sepals shining, } in.; back striate, margins broadly scarious’ shining. Perals 2-fid to about the middle, lobes narrow obtuse. Capsule equalling the sepals, ovoid, 6-valved. Seeds pale-brown, reniform, compressed, back echinate with long processes. 9. S. latifolia, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 643 (Leucostemma); glabrous below, tomentose above, stems decumbent flaccid laxly tufted, leaves sub- sessile margins acuminate, lower broad-ovate or cordate, upper elliptic, pedicels very slender, sepals oblong or subulate-lanceolate much shorter than the 2-fid petals, stamens 8, styles 2, capsule much shorter than the sepals, Benth. in Royle Ill. 81, t. 21, f. 1. Western Temperate Himanaya, alt. 6-8000 ft.; Kumaon, Blinkworth, &.; Gar- whal, Falconer. Stems 2-10 in., flexnous, 4-angled, glabrous, shining except the young, which are laxly tomentose, much branched. Leaves; lower, 4-3 in., almost orbicular at times, shortly petioled, suddenly mucronate, margins thickened, veins diverging, upper smaller narrower. Flowers 4 in. diam. ; pedicels terminal and in the uppermost axils, capil- lary, glabrous. Sepals green, with a narrow scarious border. Petals 2-fid to about the middle, lobes oblong obtuse. Capsule short, ovoid, included, membranous, hyaline, ap- parently bursting irregularly. Seeds orbicular, brown, nearly smooth. 10. S. bulbosa, Wulf; rhizome slender creeping tuberiferous, stem slender simple with a line of hairs, leaves few obovate or elliptic-lanceolate subacute, pedicel solitary subterminal capillary erect, sepals 4-5 much shorter than the broad petals. DC. Prodr.i. 397; Cesattin Linnea, xxxii. 253, t. 1. Kraschninnikowia rupestris, Twrez, in Led. Fl. Ross, i, 373. Temperate Himaxaya, in woods at the roots of trees; Bhotan, Griffith ; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H. Jamu to Mari, alt. 6-9000 ft., Jacquemont, Thomson, &c.— Disrris. Siberia, Carinthia, N. Italy. A very peculiar and interesting little plant in respect of structure and distribution, confined to Carinthia and Transylvapia in Europe, and to Siberia and the Himalayas in Asia. Stem 1-5 in., erect, very slender. eaves 2-6 pairs, 1-14 in. long, rather fleshy, sessile or contracted into a petiole; margins sometimes ciliate; midrib slender, nerves very obscure. lowers often dimorphic, the lower on the plant from the inferior pedicels or rhizomes being minute apetalous and ripening seeds, the subterminal large, 4 in. diam, rarely or not producing seed. Sepals herbaceous, oblong-lanceolate or lan- ceolate, 4-2 in. shorter than the white petals. Anthers purple. Styles filiform. Capsule 8-angled, 4-valved to the base. Seeds few, large, tuberculate—The seeds of Siberian specimens have long processes on the back. ll. S. tibetica, Kurz in Regensb. Flora, 1872, 285 ; whole plant densely glandular-pubescent, stem ascending #ather robust, leaves sessile oblong subacute or acute, cymes erect peduncled few-flowered, peduncle and pedi- cels stout, bracts ovate coriaceous, sepals much shorter than the petals, elliptic acute margins submembranous. Western Treer; on limestone rocks near Trantse Lundo, in Karnag, alt. 14-17,000 ft.,.Dr. Stoliczka. . Stem 3-5 in., cylindric, base glabrous shining. Leaves suberect, 4-3 in., opaque, midrib slender, nerves obscure. Cymes axillary and terminal, robust; pedicels longer ' or shorter than the flowers, the lateral 2-bracteolate. Flowers } in.diam., erect. Calyx 232 «XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) [/Stellaria. rounded at the base, quite free. Petals half as long again as the sepals, 2-fid to the’ middle. Filaments slender, hypogynous. Disk 0. Styles 3, slender ; ovules numerous, : Capsule broadly ovoid, shorter than the sepals, 6-valved, inserted by a very narrow base. Seeds (unripe) apparently solitary, large, muricate. : Sect. IV. Larbrea, St. Hil. Sepals more or less connate at the base into an obconic tube. Stamens 8-10, perigynous ; filaments linear or subu- late, not suddenly dilated at the base. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3, rarely 4. Capsule 4-6-valved; valves entire. Seeds numerous.—Usually flaccid laxly cespitose herbs, * More or less pubescent woolly or silky. ‘ 12. S. lanata, Hook. 7. ; stems slender decumbent glabrous below, branches pedicels sepals and leaves beneath densely woolly, leaves spreading and recurved linear-oblong, sepals small oblong acute, petals minute, stamens 8, styles 3, capsule twice as long as the sepals. Sixxm Himaxaya, alt. 9-14,000 ft., in gravelly places, J. D. H. Stems laxly tufted, very slender, 8-12 in., below cylindric and shining; branches 4-angled and leaves beneath clothed with snow-white soft wool. Leaves 4-% in., sessile or subcordate at the base, opaque above, 1-nerved, narrowed to the point, but hardly acuminate, dull green. Cymes few-flowered, terminal. lowers 3 in. diam.; pedicels rather longer than the leaves, erect in fruit, rarely deflexed. Sepals with narrow scarious margins. Petals very obscure, 2-fid or 2-partite, lobes slender. Capsule oblong- ovoid, 4-6-valved. Seeds brown, reniform, granulate. 13. S. longissima, Wall. Cat. 632; stems slender decumbent glabrous below, branches pedicels and leaves softly silky, leaves sessile linear-oblong or -lanceolate spreading or recurved, pedicels slender, sepals narrow- lanceolate equalling the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than the sepals 5-cleft. 8. patens, Don Prodr. 215. 8. Fenzliana and 8. mollis, | Klotesch in Bot. Reis. Pr. Waldem. p. 141, t. 29. Temperate Himauaya, alt, 8-12,000 ft., from Sikkim, J. D. H., to Sirmur, . Jacquemont. - tems 6-18 in., much-branched, laxly tufted, cylindric below, 4-angled above, upper. parts and leaves on both surfaces and peduncles clothed with long lax silky bairs. Leaves 2-1} in,, sessile, acute, flat, opaque, l-nerved. lowers 4 in, diam., axillary or in ter- minal few-flowered cymes; peduncle erect, }~-1 in.; bracts with scarious edges. Sepals % in., glabrous, with broad scarious margins. Petals with rather broad segments, usually deeply 2-partite. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 5-valved. Seeds dark- brown, minute, turgid, tubercled —Klotzsch’s L. Wenzlii is distinguished by the more deeply divided petals and by being less pubescent. 14. S. saxatilis, Hamilt. in Wall. Cat. 634; stem long decumbent shining, upper parts densely soft tomentose, leaves subsessile ovate elliptic or oblong rarely cordate acute tomentose on both surfaces, cymes axillary, | sepals tomentose exceeding the 2-partite petals, stamens 10, styles 3-4, capsules equalling the sepals. Don Prodr, 215. Temperate Eastern and Cenrrau Himazaya; Nipal, Wallich; Bhotan, in wet places, alt. 5-7000 ft., Griffith. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 56000 ft., Simons, &c.—Disrnis. . Java, Siberia, Japan. Stems 2-3 ft., laxly tufted, cylindric ; pubescence of the upper parts, leaves and inflo- rescence close dense almost woolly, sometimes very thick and closely appressed. Leaves 3-14 in., sessile or very shortly petioled, midrib faint. Cymes on slender peduncles, usually from the forks, very slender, subumbellately branched, pedicels 1-13 in., diva-. ricating ; bracts linear-subulate. lowers 4 in. diam. Sepals almost woolly, oblong, acute, margin very narrowly membranous. Petals 2-partite. Filaments slender, . Capsule 5-valved. Seeds almost black, tubercled—Some Bhotan specimens have very itellaria,| | XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) 288 \ rdensely tomentose cordate thick almost coriaceous leaves. The Javanese have recurved much more glabrous and acute leaves. ** Glabrous, or leaves ciliolate towards the base only. 15. S. graminea, Linn. ; glabrous, stem very slender (rarely short) suberect 4-angled, leaves sessile narrow linear-oblong acute, margins thickened smooth often ciliate towards the base, cymes terminal branched or reduced to one flower, sepals linear-oblong 3-nerved margin narrow equal- ling the petals, stamens 10, capsule shorter than the sepals. Bozss. Fl. Orient. i. 707. ‘ asst Tiser; alt, 11-15,000 ft., 7. Thomson.—Disrrie. Affghanistan to W. urope. Everywhere glabrous except the margins of the leaf towards its base. Stems 8-10 in., suberect or decumbent and tufted, shining, 4-angled. Leaves 4-1 in., sessile, narrowed at the base, sides almost parallel, opaque, somewhat glaucous, midrib and nerves obscure, margins thickened, quite smooth, sometimes undulate. Cymes spread- ing; pedicels very s'ender, divaricating, 4-1 in.; bracts oblong-lanceolate, with broadly scarious margins. Yowers erect, about 4 in. diam. Sepals green, shining, obtuse or acute. Petuls 2-partite. Filaments slender. Styles 8. Capsule always shorter than the sepals, 5-6-valved. Seeds orange-brown, granulate. Var. montioides; stems short densely tufted, leaves small short, cyme reduced to 1 flower.—Alt. 15-17,000 ft. , 16. S. glauca, Withering; quite glabrous, stem suberect or erect 4angled, leaves sessile oblong or linear-lauceolate acuminate, margins thickened perfectly glabrous, pedicels subsolitary terminal and axillary slender spreading in fruit, sepals linear-oblong half as long as the broad 2-lobed petals, stamens 10, capsule equalling the sepals. Boiss, I'l. Orvent. i. 708. Western Temperate Hiwataya; Lahul, Jaeschke; Wusrern Tine, Indus valley, T. Thomson.—Disrxis. Siberia, W. Asia, Europe, (treenland. Perennial. Stems 1-2 ft., slender. Leaves 1-2 in., sessile, base rounded, ascending or erecto-patent, midrib distinct, nerves obscure. lowers 4-3in. diam.; pedicels rather stout, strict, 1-3 in.; bracts membranous. Sepals oblong. or lanceolate-oblong, acute or acuminate, green, 3-nerved, margins broadly scarious. Jilaments slender. Capsule broadly ovoid, equalling the sepals, on rather spreading pedicels. Seeds strongly granulate. : 17. S. uliginosa, Zinn.; glabrous or with a few hairs at the base of the leaves, stems slender 4-angled, leaves sessile small ovate or oblong, lanceolate, cymes axillary and terminal, pedicels at length deflexed, sepals lanceolate acute, petals minute or 0, stamens 10, styles 3, capsule equalling ora little exceeding the sepals. Bodss. Fl. Orvent. i. 708. 8, thymifolia, Wall. Cat. 636 (apetalous, leaves short broad). S. aquatica, Poll. ; Wall. Cat. 635 (glaucous, leaves oblong). Temperate and Atrine Hisazaya; in wet places, from 4-10,000 ft. (to 16,000 ft. in Sikkim), common. Kuasta Mrs, alt. 5-6000ft. Nizexua Mrs., Wight.—Distei. Temperate N. Hemisphere. ; Annual, very variable in size and habit, much branched, very leafy and copiously flowering, often glaucous. Stem 6-18 in. erect or diffuse. Leuwves rarely 4 in., with often thickened sometimes undnlate margins and mucronate tip. Cymes slender, peduncles short or long; bracts scarious. Flowers 4 in. diam., sometimes solitary, pedicels slender. Calya-tube obscure. Filaments slender. Capsule ovoid, 6-valved. Seeds small, minutely tubercled. 18. S. subumbellata, Ldgew. ; perfectly glabrous, stem very slender .ascending, leaves sessile linear or elliptic-oblong acute, cymes terminal or 934 XVIII, CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Stellaria. flowers solitary, pedicels capillary deflexed in fruit, flowers very small, sepals ovate-lanceolate acute, petals 0, stamens 5, styles 3, capsule cylindric twice as long as the sepals, Interior of the Sixx Himaraya, alt. 12-16,000 ft., J..D.A. Wusrern Tier; Nubra, alt. 11-15,000 ft., 7. Thomson. Stems 6 in. high in Nubra specimens very slender simple, stouter shorter and more _ tufted in the Sikkim ones. eaves 3-4in., with thickened margin and tip, not mucro- nate. Flowers 4 in. diam..; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracts scarious. Calya base obscure ; sepals green, strongly 3-nerved, with broad scarious margins. laments slender. Styles short. Capsule } in. long, straight, 5-valved. Seeds pale brown, distinctly granulate—Very near the Baikal S. umbellata, Turcz. (Led. Flor. Ross. i. 394), but the bracts are not numerous and crowded, and the seeds are not perfectly smooth, but strongly granulate. 19. S. depauperata, Fdgew. ; quite glabrous, stems slender flexuous red-brown, leaves spreading and recurved sessile oblong-lanceolate acute, pedicels few axillary and terminal elongate curved wiry, flowers small, calyx with a broad turbinate base, sepals lanceolate acute petals 0, styles 3 very short, capsule 6-valved, seeds few. Auprye Stxxim Himataya; Yeumtong in gravelly places, alt. 15,000 ft., J. D. H. A very singular little species, of which there are but few specimens, all gathered in one spot. Stems 3-4 in., wiry, flexuous, 4-angled,‘dark red brown. Leaves few, }-}in., in distant pairs. Pedicels 4-1 in. long, wiry, flexuous. Calya: base large and broad ; sepals 4 in., dark green with broad scarious edges. Filaments linear. Ovary short, ovoid; styles 3, very short. Capsule shorter than the sepals.—The structure of the flower approaches that of Sect. Adenonema. ¥ Sect. V. Adenonema, Bunge. Sepals connate at the broad base. Petals minute or 0, rarely equalling the sepals, Stamens 8-10, perigynous ; filaments dilated at the base. Dusk glandular. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3, a 3-5-valved. Seeds 1 or few or many.—Densely tufted Alpine erbs. 20. S. decumbens, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 35: laxly or densely tufted, usually very shining, stems stout or slender and pedicels densely pubescent or villous, branches sparse or closely imbricate often fascicled in axillary globose tufts, ovate or oblong or lanceolate-subulate acicular-pointed (rarely acute or obtuse) 1-nerved, margins thickened gla- brous or ciliate, flowers solitary or cymose, sepals 4-5 oblong-lanceolate, petals usually very short 2-partite narrow, capsule shorter than the sepals, seeds 2-8 opaque nearly smooth suborbicular. Acre anp Supatprne Himanaya, in rocky and gravelly places, alt. 11-15,000 ft. (18,000 ft. in Sikkim). A very common and variable Alpine Himalayan plant, allied to S. petren, Bunge, but at once distinguished by its shorter shining less rigid leaves, aa denser pubes- cence.— We are quite unable to distinguish the following varieties specifically, though var. 4 is less connected by intermediates than the others, and may be different. uw. Flowers solitary. Var. 1; ‘tufts large lax shining 6-18 in. broad, leaves } in. usually imbricate often in axillary tufts usually ovate-snbulate, sepals 5, petals minute.—S. petraa, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. (not of Bunge).—Sikkim and Kunawar. ‘ Var. 2. Edgeworthii; tufts lax shining, stems slender, leaves sparse slender spread- ing } in, subulate-lanceolate, petals minute—S. decumbens, Edgew. I.c.—Kumaon. AR. 8. minor; stems slender 2-4 in., leaves shining or not $ in. ovate- or lanceolate- subulate often in axillary fascicles, sepals 4, petals minute.—Sikkim. : Var. 4. Stracheyt; stems slender 2-4 in., leaves 4 in, not shining ovate-subulate,, Stellaria.] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 286 vale equalling the 5 sepals.—Kumaon, alt, 12-13,000 ft., Str. & Wint. (with 8. dW. lo. 6). : Var, 5. pulvinata; forming dense globose or cushion-like masses, opaque or shining, leaves densely imbricate ovate-subulate or the lower oblong and rounded’ at the tip usually ciliate, sepals 4-5 coriaceous.—Garwhal, at great elevations, 16-18,000 ft., Str. & Wint.; Western Tizer, T. Thomson ; Sikkim, J. D. H. b. Flowers cymose. Var. 6. polyantha; tufts dense shining, stem stout, leaves 3-4 in., ovate- or lanceo- late-subulate ciliate or pubescent, cymes sessile many-flowered, sepals 5, petals minute. —Kashwir, Royle; Sikkim, J.D. A. 7 Var. 7. acicularis; stems lax and leaves very shining, leaves erecto-patent rigid narrow subulate-lanceolate keeled, margins smooth, cymes peduncled lax _many- flowered, bracts large concave scarious, sepals 4-5, petals minute,—Sikkim, at Tungu, alt. 12-14,000 ft. 12, BRACHYSTEMMA, Don. A diffuse subscandent branching herb. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers numerous, in axillary or terminal panicles. Sepals 5,subscarious, Petals 5, minute, narrow and quite entire. Stamens 10,5 without anthers. Ovary Leelled ; styles 2; ovules 4. Capsule globose, depressed, 4-valved, 1-seeded. Seed reniform or globose, tuberculate. 1. B. calycinum, Don Prodr. 646 ; Fenzl in Endl. Atakt, t. 16. Temperate CentraL and Eastern Himazaya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft., J. D. H.; Bhotan, Grigith ; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3000 ft. Glabrous. Stems 6-8 ft., clambering amongst bushes, 4-angled, shining, brittle. . Leaves 14-3 in., petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous beneath, triple-nerved, mar- ginsobscurely crenulate. Cymes 3-6 in., pedicelled, terminating lateral branches or axillary ; bracts linear; pedicels slender. Flowers 4-2 in. diam. Sepals oblong- lanceolate. Petals, stamens and pistil all very small compared with the scarious sepals. 13. ARENARIA, Linn. Annual or perennial, often tufted herbs, : Leaves broad or narrow. Flowers white or pink, solitary or in dichotomous cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire lacerate or retuse, never 2-fid or 2-partite, rarely 0. » Stamens 5, perigynous or subhypogynous., Stamens 10, rarely 5, hypogynous or more often inserted on the perigynous lobed or annular disk. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 3-4 (rarely 2); ovulesusually many. Capsule short, rarely exceeding the sepals, valves 2-6, Seeds compressed or turgid, smooth or tubercled.— Disrris. Species about 130, all natives of cold and temperate regions. A. Capsule with as many valves (usually 3) as there are styles. Sxcr.[. Alsine. Annual or perennial herbs, Leaves in the Indian spe- cies broad flat. Flowers small, cymose white. Calyx not thickened at the base. Styles 3, Seeds compressed, striate or granulate. : 1, A. trichotoma, oyle mss.; perennial erect, dichotomously branched, branches long strict spreading finely pubescent, leaves glabrous linear or linear-oblong from a broad sessile base, cymes long peduncled tri- chotomous, pedicels slender, bracts scarious, petals equalling or exceeding the ovate-oblong acute broadly-margined sepals, seeds 3-5 orbicular com- pressed, Western Temperate Himataya; Kunawar, alt. 8-10,000 ft., Jacquemont, Royle, &c.—Distris. Affghanistan. Nearly glabrous, 1-14 ft. Stems rather stout and flexuous at the base ; branches terete, f 236 «XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEX. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Arenaria, very strict. Leaves 4-1} in. in distant pairs, or spuriously whorled, subacute, thick, opaque, 1-nerved, acute, margins somewhat recurved. Cymes very lax, strict, slender, branches and pedicels very long; bracts and bracteoles small. Flowers j in. diam., erect. Calyx rounded and not hardened at the base; sepals quite glabrous, obscurely l-nerved. Styles 3, slender. Capsule subglabrous, 3-valved. Seeds striolate, much compressed, pale red-brown. 2. A. Meyeri, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 682 (Alsine) ; annual, fastigiately dichotomous, clothed with spreading glandular hairs, leaves suberect subu- late 7-nerved, pedicels short, sepals rigid subulate-lanceolate strongly nerved, petals very short, seeds small granulate. Pansap, near Peshawur, Vicary, Stewart.—Disrais. Affghanistan, and westward to Syria and Asia Minor. : : A small rigid erect annual, 4-6 in. Stems cylindric. Leaves $-) in., more or less recurved, Calyx § in. long; base rounded or subacute; sepals erect, rigid, green, slightly recurved, pungent, outer 5-, inner 3-nerved, nerves and margins white. Petals ovate-oblong. Stamens sometimes 6 and 7. Styles 3. Capsule oblong, much shorter than the sepals, 3-valved. Seeds red-brown, orbicular reniform, compressed. 3. A. foliosa, Royle mss. ; quite glabrous, loosely tufted, stems much branched, branches slender leafy, leaves very narrow linear subacute spread- ing often flexuous 1-3-nerved, cymes long-peduncled subumbellate, brac- teoles short ovate, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate strongly 3-nerved shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer than the sepals valves recurved, seeds renifurm dorsally granulate. Alsine Roylei, Fen in Herb, Benth, Western Supanpine Himauaya, alt. 9-13,000 ft., from Garwhal to Kashmir, Royle, Jacquemont, &c. ‘ Perennial, branched from the base; branches 2-6 in., loosely or densely leafy. Leaves 3-2 in., usually spreading, never rigid or pungent, not #g in. broad, bright green. Peduncles sparingly leafy, strict, erect ; bracts and bracteoles coriaceous, acute, concave; pedicels equalling or exceeding the sepals. Calyx rounded and not indu- rated at the base; sepals $ in., coriaceous, pungent, nerves much raised, inner with scarious edges. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds small, pale brown.—Perhaps a form of A. juniperina, Fenzl (Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 677), a native of Persia and W. Asia. 4. A. kashmirica, Fdgew.; glandular-pubescent rarely glabrous, densely tufted, stems much branched, branches fenty, leaves narrowly linear- subulate acute spreading strongly 3-nerved, cymes peduncled subumbellate, bractevles ovate-subulate strongly nerved, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate strongly 3-nerved shorter than the entire petals, capsule ovoid rather longer than the sepals, valves recurved. Western Temperate Himavaya, alt. 6-7000 ft., Z. Thomson; Lahul, Jaeschke; Western Tiser, Falconer. ; Very similar to A. foliosa, but usually glandular-pubescent throughout, leaves more subulate and rigid, very strongly nerved, lateral nerves often marginal, and bracts very different ; Howers sinallen’ pedicels often shorter-than the sepals; petals longer; the capsule and seeds are similar. B. Capsule with twice as many valves as there are styles. Sect. II, Eremogoneee. Perennials, usually densely tufted. Leaves crowded, subulate rigid setaceous or grass-like. Sepals often hardened at the base. Disk-glands usually large, * Peduncles elongate. Flowers usually cymose. 5. A. festucoides, Benth. im Royle Iu, 81, t. 21, f. 3; densely tufted, Arenaria.| XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 287 leaves densely crowded subulate pungent rigid recurved 1-nerved beneath ciliolate, peduncles 1- or few-flowered glandular-pubescent, sepals lanceolate or subulate-lanceolate straight or recurved 1-3-nerved, margins broadly scarious shorter than the petals, capsule oblong 5-6-valved to the base shorter than the sepals, seeds flat with a narrow fimbriate wing, Western Atpine Himatara, from Kumaon to Kunawar; alt. 11-13,000 ft., Royle Jacquemont, &c, Western Trnx7, Karnali river, alt. 15,500 ft., Strach. & Wint. 7 \ Very variable in stature, 2-8 in’ Leaves with axillary fascicles, 4-14 in., shining, rather concave above, usually recurved, pungent, margin ciliolate, nerve strong beneath. Peduncle 1-6 in., erect or curved, leafy, 1- rarely 2~5-flowered, always very glandular ; bracts ovate-subulate, with broadly scarious margins; pedicels shorter or longer than the sepals. Calya scarcely thickened at the base; sepals } to nearly 4 in., from ovate- lanceolate to subulate lanceolate, sometimes falcate, long acuminate, pungent, margin broadly scarious, back green with 3 approximate nerves, glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Petals sometimes twice as long as the sepals, obovate, variable in length and breadth. Capsule coriaceous, rarely equalling the sepals. Seeds very flat, pale. AR. imbricata; smaller, stems very short densely tufted, leaves } in., peduncles very short. ? A. imbricata, Mf. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. i. 344, which differs only in the capsule exceeding the sepals.—Ledebour and Boissier (FU. Orient. i. 673), both refer A. imbricata to Alsine, but the capsule in original specimens is distinctly 6-valved. 6. A. Griffithii, Boiss, 7. Orient. i. 697 ; suffruticose, tufted, glabrous or glandular, leaves densely crowded short subulate pungent rigid straight or recurved l-nerved beneath ciliolate, peduncle several-flowered, sepals ovate acute concave obscurely nerved shorter than the petals, capsule glo- bose 6-valved shorter than the sepals. Western Tizet ; Dras valley, alt. 8-10,000 ft., T. Thomson.—Disrris. Affghanistan. A more robust species than A. festucoides, with usually shorter though quite as rigid leaves, short concave ovate-subulate bracts, more numerous and smaller flowers, calyx rounded and much thickened at the base, broader sepals, and a globose or very broadly ovoid coriaceous capsule. ** Flowers always solitary, sessile or very shortly pedicelled. 7. A. musciformis, Wall. Cat. 6401; glabrous, most densely tufted, root long woody, stem very short densely leafy, leaves subulate spreading and recurved rigid minutely ciliate, flowers sessile solitary, sepals oblong- lanceolate acute 3-nerved rather shorter and narrower than the linear obovate petals. Atrins Eastern and Western Tiser, alt. 16-18,000 ft., Webb, Jacquemont ; Balch pass, Strach. & Winterb.; Karakoram and Parang passes, &c., ZT. Thomson; Tibetan Sikkim, alt. 15-16,000 ft., J. D. H. Forming matted hard tufts; roots very long, strong, woody. Leaves subsquarrose when dry pale green, 4-3 in., with broad sheathing scarious bases, 1-nerved below. Flowers sessile, solitary, } in. diam. Calyx narrow subtruncate and hardened at the base ; sepals green with broad scarious margins, outer 3-, inner l-nerved. Petals per- sistent, tip rounded. Filaments long, slender. Styles 3, slender. Capsule apparently never fertilized in the specimens collected, small, globose, 5-6-valved to the base.—The leaves of the ‘Sikkim specimen are 4 in., which is longer than those of the Western Himalaya, 8. A. polytrichoides, Fdgew. ; most densely tufted, branches together with the most densely imbricating leaves cylindric, leaves short spreading and recurved subulate from a broad scarious sheathing base rigid pungent, channelled in front convex on the back, margins thickened obscurely ciliate towards the base, flowers minute subsessile, sepals broadly elliptic obtuse, petals larger broadly obovate, capsule broad equalling the sepals, 988 xvIII. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Arenaria. Tibetan region of the Sixxrt Himarava, alt. 14-17,000 ft., J. D. H. : Forming hemispherical moss-like tufts of densely packed cylindric stems 14 in. long, clothed with old leaves below, together with these about $ in. diam. Leaves 3} in., bright green, shining. Peduncles lengthening a little in fruit. Calyx rounded and much thickened at the base; sepals jy in., very obtuse, concave, without scarious mar- gins, vbscurely 8-nerved. Petals broader and longer than the sepals, obuvate. Filaments slender. Styles 3. Capsule broadly ovoid, coriaceous, 1-celled, shortly 5—6-valved. _ Seeds small, black, rather angular, nearly smovth. 9. A. monticola, Edgew.; glabrous, very densely tufted, branches densely leafy, leaves short spreading and recurved subulate from a broad scarious sheathing base rigid tip acicular margin thickened minutely ciliate, midrib prominent on both surfaces, floral larger lanceolate-subulate scarious, flowers large sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate acuminate with 3 close- set green nerves in the axis much smaller than the broad obovate petals, Tibetan region of the Sixxit Himwaxaya, alt. 15-16,000 ft., J. D. Z. Forming large subsquarrose green patches, 6-12 in. broad; roots long, woody ; branches with the leaves about Zin. diam. Lvaves }in., rigid, midrib very strong, bright green, shining. Flowers } in. diam., bracteate by the 2 upper pairs of leaves. Calyx truncate, not thickened at the base; sepals 3 in., nerves very strong, approxi- mate. Petals } in. long, persistent, white, shortly clawed. Filaments slender. Styles 8, slender. Capsule apparently never fertilized, small, subglobose, 6-valved. . 10. A. pulvinata, Fdgew.; densely tufted, branches densely leafy, leaves short subulate from a scarious sheathing base semi-cylindric mucro- nate margin not thickened strongly ciliate, midrib usually obsolete, flowers sessile, sepals ovate-lanceolate subacute with 3 close-set nerves in the axis much smaller than the obovate petals. Tibetan region of the Suxssim Himaxaya, alt. 15-18,000 ft., J. D. H. Forming small subglobose densely compacted subsquarrose tufts; branches with the leaves on 4-} in. diam., pale green. Leaves spreading and recurved, 3-4 in., very strongly ciliate, almost fimbriate towards the base, flat above, back convex up to the tip, which is abruptly mucronate. Flowers } in. diam., not bracteate by the enlarged upper leaves (as in A. monticola). Calyx rounded and thickened at the base; sepals with hard scarious margins, about half as large as the petals. Disk-glands distinct. Filaments slender. Styles 3, slender. Capsule ovoid, about }in., shorter than the sepals, 6-valved. Seeds obovate-renifurm, nearly smooth, pale. ll. A. oreophila, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, densely tufted, stems short densely leafy, leaves spreading and recurved rigid narrowly linear- subulate from a broad sheathing base semi-cylindric acute margins not thickened quite glabrous, midrib obsolete, flowers very shortly pedicelled, sepals nearly orbicular concave nerveless half as long as the narrow obovate-spatbulate petals. ; Tibetan region of the Sixxim Hiavaya, alt. 18,000 ft., J. D. A. Forming small subglobose densely compacted tufts; branches with the leaves 4 in. diam. Leaves nearly 4 in. long, spreading, nearly flat above, convex to the tip be- neath; uppermost pair short, bract-like, ciliolate. Flowers } in. diam., solitary; pedicel shorter than the calyx, stout, puberulous Calyx rounded and somewhat thick- ened at the base; sepals coriaceous, ciliolate. Petals very narrow, tip rounded. Filaments s'ender. Disk glands prominent. Styles short. Capsule broadly ovoid, cones rather exceeding the sepals, coriaceous, 6-valved to the base. Seeds ear- shaped. 14, A. globiflora, Wall. Cat. 639 ; densely tufted, stems short pubescent densely leafy, leaves spreading subulate-lanceolate pungent from a narrow membranous base concave l-nerved, margin scaberulous, flowers globose, ‘ Avenaria.] XVIII. CARYOPHYLEH, (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 239 pedicels short pubescent with several pairs of ovate pungent bracts, sepals orbicular-oblong palmately veined rather shorter than the orbicular-ovate petals. Fenzl in Ann. Mus. Wien. i. 60, t.7. Cherleria grandiflora, Don Prodr, 214. _ . Alpine region of the Nirar Himanaya, at Gosain-than, Wallich. Forming small compact hemispherical tufts; roots long, fusiform. Stems 1-2 in, Leaves 3 in., rigid; base ciliate. Flowers 4 in. diam., peduncle about as long, with 2-3 pairs of concave bracts. Calyw rounded at tie base; sepals membranous, mavr- gins very thin, erose, Petals retuse. Filaments very rigid, subulate, cohering into an annular disk at the base. Ovary spherical; styles 2-3, short. Capsule much shorter than the sepals, membranous, 6-valved.—Don describes the flowers as rose-coloured, which we cannot affirm, and the stigmas as capitate, which is not the case, nor do we find the capsule to be 3-celled, as Don says it is. : 13. A. densissima, Wall. Cat. 640; densely tufted, stems clothed with the imbricating leaf-bases, leaves recurved subulate-lanceolate from a narrow base pungent concave nerveless keeled below, margin quite smooth, fowers axillary solitary shortly pedicelled, bracts elliptic concave mucronate, sepals ovate half as long as tea very narrow petals, Mena in Mus. Wien. i. 60, t. 7. Cherleria juniperina, Don Prodr. 214. Alpine ? region of the Nrpat Himataya, Gosain-than, Wallich. Forming large compact tufts; roots long, woody. Stems crowded, 3-4 in., densely leafy, rigid, fragile. Leaves'}-} in., almost deflexed, shining. Flowers very swall. Sepals subacute, py in. long. Petals linear-spathulate. Capsule globose. Sect. IV. Huthalia. Lax or tufted, usually perennial. Lecves- ovate or oblong, broad, never subulate. Flowers cymose or solitary. Disk usually conspicuous. Capsule 6-valved. Seeds numerous, rarely few. * Cymes few- or many- rarely 1-flowered. 14. A. serpyllifolia, Zinn. ; annual, stem pubescent all round exces- sively branched, branches decumbent or suberect, leaves subsessile ovate acuminate 1-3-nerved ciliate, cymes many-fluwered, bracts leafy, sepals 3-5- ribbed pubescent. Boiss. Fl. Orvnt. i. 701; Wall. Cat. 637. A. Wallichiana, , Seringe in Wall. Cat. 638. ' “Suprrorican and Temperate Hrmauaya, from Nipal to Kashmir; Romiuxunp and the Pangas, alt. 1-11,000 ft.; Wxsrurn Trser, alt. 11-13,000 ft., 7. Thomson.— Distais. Affghanistan, Temp. Europe and Asia. ; . Branching from the root, many-flowered ; branches 2~10 in., slender, dichotomously branched, leafy, hairs often recurved. Leaves {~}in., rather rigid. lowers 3-} in. diam. ; pedicels slender, strict, erect in flower, erect or spreading in fruit. Sepals ovate- lanceolate much exceeding the petals. Capsule 6-valved, ovoid, about as long as the sepals, Seeds tubercled. 15, A. neelgerrensis, Wight & Arn, Prodr. 43; annual, stem pubes- cent on one side much branched, branches decumbent, leaves subsessile elliptic or obovate obtuse or mucronulate 1-nerved ciliate, cymes few- or many-fiowered, bracts leafy, sepals ovate acute 1-nerved, nerve pubescent, Norru-West Himazaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft., from Jamu to Kashmir, Jacqguemont, &c. Nireniri Mrs, Wight, &c. ; tier! : Very similar to A. serpyllifolia, but of laxer habit, leaves more elliptic often petio- late sometimes obovate, branches chiefly hairy on one side, sepals usually broader and seeds less tubercled, but these characters. are far from satisfactory.— Wight and Arnott describe the petals as longer than the sepals, which is pot a constant character, and the styles as varying from 2-4. i 240 xviit. cARYopHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) [Arenaria, 16, A. orbiculata, Royle mss.; biennial or perennial ?, branches very slender nearly glabrous decumbent, leaves sessile or shortly petivled orbi- cular or elliptic obtuse or apiculate 1-nerved, petiole ciliate, sepals ovate or lanceolate 1-nerved glabrous. Temperate Himanaya, from Bhotan, Griffith, and Sikkim, alt. 8~-13,000 ft., to Kashmir, alt. 5-8000 ft. ; Much more slender and less dichotomously branched than A. serpyllifolia, to which it is closely allied. Branches 2-10 in., thinly pubescent chiefly on one side. Leaves $+ in, nearly glabrous. lowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes. Sepals about i in., nerve often faint. Petals shorter than the sepals. Seeds many, smooth.-Appa- rently very near the West Asiatic A. rotundifolia, M. Bieb. (Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 700), but the branches do not root, and the cymes are much fewer-flowered. ** Flowers solitary.— Usually small tufted largeflowered alpine species, * 17. A. ciliolata, Edgew.; perennial, hairy, eglandular, laxly tufted, stems short leafy pubescent, leaves ovate or oblong acute cuspidate or acu- minate nerveless fringed with long flexuous jointed hairs, flowers large solitary sessile or shortly pedicelled, sepals lanceolate acute ciliate shorter than the broadly obovate white petals. Sixemt Himataya; alt. 15-17,000 ft., J. D. H. Perennial, forming rather lax patches; roots fibrous. Stems matted, 2-3 in., with 2 obscure lines of hairs. eaves spreading, } in., sometimes elliptic, rather thick, obscurely 1-nerved, shining when old, margin obscurely thickened, hairs brown when dry, sometimes scattered over the surtaces, but chiefly confined to the margin. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam.; pedicels shorter than the leaves, very pubescent, ebracteate, Calyx vather rounded at the base; sepals of the texture of the leaves, edges hardly membranous, nerve obscure. Petals with rounded tips. laments subulate, flattened, connate at the base. Styles 3, slender. Capsule imperfect, small, globose, 6- valved. 18. A. glanduligera, Edgew.; densely glandular-pubescent, stems short laxly tufted suberect, leaves lax ovate or elliptic-oblong acute or acuminate flat, nerves obscure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or inclined, calyx rounded at the base, sepals spreading and recurved linear acute or obtuse glandular much smaller than the obovate rosy petals, cap- sule 6-valved shorter than the sepals. Aurine Himataya; Kashmir, Yalconer ; Barji Kang pass, Kumaon, alt. 14,500 ft., Strach. & Wint.; interior of Sikkim, alt. 14-18,000 ft., J: D. H. Allied to A. ciliolata, and of the same habit, but smaller and densely glandular. pubescent, without the long flexuous articulate hairs of that plant, having also much’ smaller flowers. Stems numerous from the root, 1-2 in., rather stout shining and glabrous below, laxly leafy. Leaves $-} in., pale green, glandular on both surfaces, soft, opaque, margins hardly thickened. flowers 4-4 in. diam.; pedicel usually shorter, slender. Calyx thickened at the base; sepals with membranous margins. Filaments flattened and united at the base in a glandular ring. Styles 3. Capsule membranous, few-seeded. Seeds pale. 19. A. Stracheyi, Hdgew.; quite glabrous, stems short laxly tufted suberect, leaves lax narrow linear-oblong acute or acuminate flat, nerves ob- scure, flowers solitary pedicelled terminal erect or inclined, sepals suberect lanceolate acuminate smaller than the obovate petals, capsule 6-valved shorter than the sepals. Western Tiset, north of Kumaon, near Rakas Tal, alt. 15,500 ft. Strach. & Winterd.; Ladak, Stewart. _ This belongs to the same group as A. glanduligera and ciliolata, and may be recog- nised by being perfectly glabrous. Stems 1-2 in., ascending, simple. Leaves fleshy, Arenaria.| XVIII, CARYOPHYLLE. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) 241 }-} in., very pale when dry, tip acute rather cartilaginous, margins not thickened, mid- rib very obscure. Slower 4-3 in. diam. ; pedicel short, stout, ebracteate. Sepals coria- ceous. Petals apparently white. Seeds small, somewhat ear-shaped, pale, opaque, nearly smooth. : 20. A. melandryoides, Hdgew. ; glandular-pubescent, stems laxly tifted suberect, leaves lax oblong-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate obtuse coria- ceous 1-nerved, flowers terminal solitary pedicelled nodding, calyx truncate at the base, sepals erecto-recurved obtuse glandular much shorter than the linear rose-coloured petals, capsule 4—6-valved exceeding the calyx. Sixxm Hrataya, alt, 14-18,000 ft., J. D. H. Perennial ; roots slender fibrous. Stem 2-4 in. long, laxly fascicled, branched from the base; branches cylindric, erect or ascending, simple or sparingly divided, naked below. Leaves 4-% in., in rather distant pairs, sessile, dull green or purplish, glandular on both surfaces, almost fleshy. lowers solitary, terminal,. rarely axillary, 3-1 in. diam., pedicel short and curved in flower, densely glandular, much elongated strict and erect in fruit. Calyx subcampanulate, thickened at the base; sepals 4 in. long, narrow, green, nerveless, margins not membranous. Petals very variable, sometimes } in. long, tip rounded, Filaments slender. Disk-glands inconspicuous. Styles 2-3. Capsule ovoid, exceeding the calyx, 4- or 6-valved, membranous. Seeds large, irregularly formed, testa pale spongy (young seeds orbicular and broadly winged).—A very curious plant, with something of the habit of Stellaria cerastioides, very glandular, with pink or purplish flowers. It unites this section with the following. The testa is very lax and appears in the immature seed as a broad white wing around the undeveloped nucleus. , Sect. V. Lepyrodiclis, Yenzi (gen.). Flaccid usually tall herbs. Leaves broad, flat. Petals often erose or lacerate. lowers cymose, Disk annular or obsolete, Styles 2, rarely 3. Capsules 2-6-valved, membranous, 1-6-seeded. Seeds with a thick or tubercled testa.—This section is usually upheld as a genus and described as having a distinct disk, 2-3-valved capsule, and ouly 2-4 seeds, but we find none of these characters to hold good. 21. A. holosteoides, Hdgew. ; a tall slender flaccid glabrous or pube-: rulous much branched herb, leaves linear or linear-oblong from a broad sessile cordate base acute or acuminate, cymes few-flowered, pedicels slender divaricate, sepals obtuse and petals very variable, tip retuse not lacerate, capsule 2-6-valved 1-6-seeded, seeds large tubercled.. Lepyrodiclis holo- stenides, Fenzl in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 359 ; Boiss, Fl, Orient. 1. 686. Gouffeia. crassiuscula, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. t. 30. Western Temperate Himavaya and Western Tiper, from Kumaon to Kashmir, alt. 7-12,000 {t., Jacquemont, &c.—Distris. Affghanistan, Soongaria, and Westward to Asia Minor. Whole plant glabrous or glandular-pubescent. Stem 2-8 ft., much dichotomously branched, shining and striate when dry. Leaves 1-8 in., spreading, midrib aud very oblique nerves exceedingly slender. Cymes pedicelled. lowers 4-4 in. diam., white, nodding; pedicels 4-4 in. ebracteate. Calyx not thickened at the base; sepals from. linear-lanceolate to broadly ovate-oblong, green with membranous edges, glabrous or very hairy and glandular at the back. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals, linear- spathulate or broadly obovate, notched or retuse. Filaments with broad flattened free bases. Disk 0. Styles 2-3, filiform, elongate. Capsule subglobose, shorter than the calyx, very membranous, variable in size, 2-6-valved to the base. Seeds on tumid funi- cles, variable in number and size, turgid, red brown or blackish, with concentric rows of acute tubercles; cotyledons long flattened, radicle short—We do not find the sub- hypogynons gland described by Fenzl (in Ledebour, l.c.), nor any disk in this and the two following species. A most variable plant, especially in the sepals petals capsule and number of seeds. VOL, I, BR 242 = -xXVIII. CARYOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Arenaria 22. A. Benthami, Hdgeuw. ; tall, slender, flaccid, glandular-pilose, much branched, leaves sessile ovate acute hairy on both surfaces, cymes few- or many-flowered, pedicels slender divaricate, sepals oblong- or linear-lanceo- late, petals obovate-spathulate lacerate, capsule 2-6-valved. Adenostemma glandulosum, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 645. Temperate Himataya; Kumaon, Blinkworth; Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H. Stems 2-3 ft. high, clothed with spreading jointed glandular hairs. Leaves 3-14 in., the lower petioled, midrib indistinct, nerves obsolete, margins ciliate. Cymes peduncled. Flowers 4 in. diam., nodding ; pedicels slender, deflexed im fruit, ebracteate. Calyx not thickened at the base; sepals very glandular, erect and recurved, green with narrow membranous margins. Petals longer than the calyx, white. Disk obsolete. Filaments slender, dilated below, but hardly connate. Styles usually 2, not so capillary as in A, holosteoides. Capsule usually 4-valyed, smaller than the calyx. Seeds few, with a thick spongy opaque hardly tubercled testa. 23. A. debilis, Hook. f. ; stems solitary or laxly tufted flaccid glan- dular-pilose sparingly branched or simple, leaves sessile elliptic-ovate ob- tuse hairy especially above, flowers solitary terminal or in few-flowered cymes, pedicels divaricate, sepals linear-lanceolate petals obovate, tip erose. Avpine Sixxim Hiwatara; alt. 14-16,000 ft. J. D. H. Very like a small form of A. Bentham, but smaller in all its parts; leaves more ob- tuse ; flowers not } in. diam. ; petals not lacerate and broader, merely irregularly toothed at the tip; filaments much shorter inserted on an evident thickened annular disk. — Small states come very near A. glanduligera, which however may at once be distin- guished by the large flower acute leaves and the petals. 24, A.tenera, Ldgew. ; glabrous or pubescent, stems filiform flaccid in- tricately branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic or ovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute, flowers small axillary, pedicels capillary, sepals ovate-oblong or lan- ceolate acute half as long as the linear quite entire petals. Lepyrodiclis tenera, Boiss, Fl. Orient. 1. 669. Western Temperate Himataya; Kishtwar and Banahal, alt. 6-8000 ft., 7. Thom- son.—Disrris. Affghanistan. A very slender intricately tufted annual, with stems 2-3 ft.long. Leaves scattered, membranous, 4-2 in., petiole often longer than the blade, capillary. Flowers usually axillary, $-} in. diam.; pedicels divaricate, 3-1 in. Sepals variable in form, erect and conniving in flower, then spreading, ciliate at the back. Petals white, gradually dilated upwards, laments very slendcr, hardly united at the base. Disk obsolete. Capsule globose, smaller than the sepals, usually 4-valved and 4-seeded. Seeds sub- globose, with concentric series of acute tubercles.—In the Affghan specimens the petals appear lacerate, but it is exceedingly difficult to lay them out after being dried without rupturing the apices. 14. SAGINA, Linn, Small annual or perennial herbs. Leaves subulate, connate at the base; stipules 0, Flowers solitary, small, axillary and terminal, pedicelled. Sepals 4-5, Petals 4-5, entire or 0, Stamens 4, 5, 8, 10, perigynous. Ovary 1-celled ; styles 4-5 (and valves of capsule) opposite the sepals ; ovules numerous. Capsule 4-5-valved to the base. Seeds reniform.—DistTRIB. ‘Temperate regions ; species 8, 1, S. procumbens, Linn. ; perennial, stems many tufted, primary shoots. flowerless, lateral slender with fascicled usually procumbent and rooting branches, sepals 4-5 spreading in fruit, petals very small. Boss, Fl, Orvent, i. 662, Sagina,] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 243 Temperate and Atrine Himanaya, and Western Tipet, alt. 7-14,000 ft., ascending to 16,000 ft. in Sikkim.—Distuis. N. and S. Temperate Zunes. ; Whole plant 1-6 in., bright green. Leaves glabrous or ciliate, usually mucronate. Flowers globose, green, rarely 5-merous, 4 in. diam., pedicels erect or curved at the tip. Sepals obtuse. Capsule a little longer than the sepals. Var. pentamera ; flowers pentamerous.—This may be referable to S. Linnai, Presl. (saxatis, Wimmer), but differs in the short petals. 15, THYLACOSPERMUM™, Fenzl. A most densely tufted herb. Leaves minute, most densely imbricate, short, acute; stipules 0. ‘lowers solitary, sessile in the tips of the branches. Calyx-tube obconic, 4—5-lobed, lobes suberect. Petals 4-5, small, obovate- spathulate. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the edge of a disk lining the calyx- tube, Ovary 1-celled ; styles 2-3, filiform ; ovules few. Capsule coriaceous, spherical, 4-6-valved. Seeds few, large, with a soft loose cellular testa. 1, Z. rupifragrum, Schrenk. Periandra cespitosa, Cambess. in Jacy. Voy. Bot. 27 and t. 29 (Flourensia). Bryomorpha rupifraga, Kar. & Kir. Enum. Pl. Soong. Arenaria rupicola, Fenzl in Ledeb. £1. Ross. i. 780. Aurine Western Tise, alt. 15-18,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c.—Distrriz. Soongaria. Forming large hemispheric cushions a foot across and more, quite glabrous. Leaves dk in., suberect, or spreading most densely 5-fariously imbricate, ovate, acuminate, pangent, shining, nerveless, back convex, concave above with thickened margins. ‘lowers Jy in. diam. Capsules shining, 4- or irregularly 6-valved. Seeds very large, irregularly compressed, almost white.—A very singular plant in habit, closely allied to Arenaria densissima, &c. 16. SPERGULA, Linn. Annual or perennial herbs, with forked or fascicled branches. Leaves op- posite, often with leafy buds in their axils, whence the foliage appears to be whorled ; stipules small, scarious. lowers in peduncled panicled cymes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5 or 10, rarely fewer, inserted on a perigynous disk. Ovary 1-celled; styles 3 or 5, ovules many. Capswe with 3 or 5 entire valves, Seeds compressed, margined or winged.—Dis- trip. Weeds of cultivated grounds ; species 2-3. The valves of the capsule are described as opposite to the sepals, but this does not hold good where there are but 3 valves and 5 sepals. * Leaves apparently whorled. 1. S. arvensis, Zinn. ; green, leaves in false whorls linear-subulate }-terete grooved beneath rather fleshy, petals obtuse white, seeds keeled or narrowly winged granulate or papillose. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 731. Cultivated fields in various cool parts of Inp1a; and throughout the Northern hemi- sphere. | -Pnbescent or glandular. Stems 4-2 ft., branched from the root, geniculate. Leaves 3-2 in., slender, spreading. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., subumbellate ; pedicels slender, spreading or deflexed. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals white. Capsule subglobose, shining. Seeds black. 2, S. pentandra, Linn. ; glaucous, leaves in false whorls linear-subu- late terete not grooved beneath, petals lancevlate-acute white, seeds plano- compressed smooth, wing often as broad as the striate nucleus. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 731. Arenaria flaccida, Roxb. Fl. Ind. it. 447. i R 244 = -xvirl. CARYOPHYLLES. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) [Spergula. In the same situations as S. arvensis, and with the same distribution. Tam unable to distinguish this in a dried state from the preceding. I find 3 styles, very frequently, as described by Roxburgh, which does away with the difference be- tween the genera Spergula and Spergularia, to which latter the following species belongs. : ** Leaves opposite. 3. S. rubra, Linn, (Arenaria); suberect or prostrate, glandular-pubes- cent, leaves simply opposite linear flat, stipules cleft, sepals lanceolate-obtuse, petals pink or white, seeds wingless scabrid, margin somewhat thickened, Spergularia tubra, Sé. Hil, ; Bovss, #1. Orient. i. 732. Plains of the Pansas, Edgeworth, &c.—Disrrie. N. and W. Asia, Europe, . Ecot fusiform, annual. Stems much branched from the base, 4-8 in. Leaves 4-1in,, fleshy ; stipules broad, silvery. Flowers }~4 in. diam., subglobose ; pedicels divaricate or deflexed. Sepals green, with membranous borders, obtnse. Petals obovate, obtuse ; shorter than the sepals. Stamens 5 or 10. Styles 3. Capsule ovoid, longer than the sepals, Seeds pale-brown, irregularly reniform or pyriform. This is usually referred to another genus Spergularia, Persoon (Lepigonum, Fries), which differs from Spergula in having only 8 styles; but the prevalence of 8 styles in the typical species of Spérgula, in India, renders this character valueless as a generic one. 17, DRYMARIA, Willd. Diffuse or suberect dichotomously branching herbs," Leaves opposite, flat ; stipules small, often fugacious. lowers axillary or terminal, solitary or cymose. Sepals 5, herbaceous. Petals 5, 2-6-fid. Stamens 5, rarely fewer, slightly perigynous. Ovary 1-celled ; style 3-fid; ovules few or numerous. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds globose, reniform or compressed, hilum lateral, - embryo curved.—Distris. Species 16, all Tropical American except the fol- lowing and an Australian species. 1. D. cordata, Willd. ; glabrous, leaves ovate-cordate elliptic or orbi- cular petioled, petals 2-lobed shorter than the sepals. Wight d& Arn. Prodr. 359. OD. extensa, Wall, Cat. 647. Cerastium cordifolium, Aoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 458, Tropical and subtropical Inpta and Czyton, extending westwards to the Panjab and ascending the Himalaya to 7000 ft. in Sikkim.—Duisrris. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America, A diffnse glabrous shrub, branched from the base ; branches 1-3 ft., slender. Leaves 8-5-nerved from the base, mucronate; petioles variable; stipule of several bristles. Flowers $-4 in. diam., in axillary and terminal cymes; pedicels slender; bracts with membranous edges. Calyx obconic at the very base; sepals oblong, with 3 strong nerves, and membranous margins. Petals 2-lobed to below the middle, lobes narrow not exceeding the sepals. Stamens 3-5. Style short; ovules 8 or more. Capsule ovoid, 3-gonous, shortly pedicelled, 3-valved to the base; 1-co-seeded. Seeds orbicular, com- pressed, muricate. 18. POLYCARPON, Linn. Diffuse or dichotomously branched, glabrous or pubescent herbs. Leaves flat, opposite, appearing whorled from the presence of axillary fascicles of leaves; stipules scarious. Flowers small, in crowded many- flowered cymes with scarious bracts. Sepals 5, keeled. Petals 5, smail, hyaline, entire or toothed. Stamens 3-5. Ovary 1-celled ; style short, 3-fid ; ovules numerous. Seeds ovoid, hilum subbasal; embryo almost straight or incurved, cotyledons incumbent or oblique——Dusrkip. Species about 6, natives of various tropical and warm climates, : Polycarpon,] XVIII. CARYOPHYLLES. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 245 1, P. Loeflingiw, Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. Pl. i. 153, in note ; glabrous or more or less pubescent, leaves cuneate linear oblong or spathulate, cymes terminal or in the forks, petals linear truncate tip toothed. P. depressa, DC. Prodr. iii, 375. P. lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 1515 b and ? P. Benthamii, 1514, Loeflingia indica, Retz, Obs, 38; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 165; Pharnaceum depressum, Linn. Mant. n, 564. Hapalosa Leeflingie, Wall. Cat. 6962 ; ‘Wight & Arn. Prodr, 358. Throughout the hotter parts of Inpra, in fields and waste places—Distri. Tropical Asia and Africa. A weed, erect or diffuse; branches 6-10 in. Leaves 4-# in., acute or obtuse. Cymes fascicled or panicled. Flowers ; in. diam. Sepals subequal, obtusely keeled. Petals entire or notched. Seeds subcylindric, hilum lateral and subbasal; embryo nearly straight. . 19, POLYCARPZZA, Lamk. Annual or perennial, usually erect herbs. Leaves flat, opposite, or ap- pearing whorled from the presence of axillary fascicles of leaves ; stipules scarious, Flowers numerous, in effuse or contracted or capitate cymes. Sepals 5, scarious and often coloured, rarely scarious at the margins only. ‘Petals 5, entire 2-toothed or with the margins erose. Stamens 5, subperi- gynous, free or cohering together and with the petals into a tube. Ovary, l-celled; style slender 3-fid or 3-dentate; ovules numerous, Capsule a-valved, Seeds obovoid or compressed, mbryo curved, rarely straight. —Distris, Species about 24, natives of warm climates. 1. P. corymbosa, Lamk. Jil. n. 2798 ; hoary tomentose or glabrescent, leaves narrow linear or subulate pseudo-verticillate, stipules lanceolate or subulate, cymes terminal, sepals lanceolate very acute much exceeding the capsules. DC., Prodr. iii.. 374; Wall. Cat. 1571; Wt. 1c. t.712; W.d& A, Prodr. 358. P. spadicea, Lamk.. DC..lc. 374; W..&-A. 357 ; Wall. Cat. 1512 b; Wt. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii.t. 6. P. densiflora, Wall. Cat. 1513. P. indica, Lamk, Encycl, v. 483. Paronychia subulata, Lamk, Hncycl, v. 25. Achyranthes corymbosa, Linn. ; Willd. Celosia corymbosa, Willd. ? Roxb. Fl. Ind, i. 681. Mollia spadicea and corymbosa, Willd. ? Spreng. Syst. i. 795, ‘Lahaya spadicea and corymbosa, Schult.? Syst. v. 405; Burm. Zeyl. t, 65, f. 2.—Rheede Hort, Mal. t. 66. , Western Pentnsua, and Cryion, Centra and N.W. Inpa, and Sivpn, ascending the Western Hmrataya to 7000 ft.; Burma, Wallick.—Duisrris. Tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, and America. re ’ An erect or decumbent annual or perennial herb, 6-12 in. high, much dichotomously branched. Leaves 4-1 in., acuminate acute or obtuse, much exceeding the stipules. Flowers } in. diam., in dense excessively branched silvery cymes. Sepals scarious, white or coloured, glabrous or pilose, much exceeding the petals and the capsule.—Dr. Wight found it impossible (Ill. ii, 44) to separate P. spadicea from P. corymbosa, even as a well marked variety, and we may add that we have equally failed to discriminate either those species or their synonymy.—The following seems to be a well-marked form, to which the name spadicea might have been applied with propriety. . Var. aurea, Wight Ill. ii. 44, t. 110; smaller, densely tomentose, excessively branched, flowers much smaller highly-coloured. 2. P, diffusa, Wight & Arn. in Ann. Nat. Hist, iii. 91; labrous, slender, leaves narrow-linear or subulate pseudo-verticillate, sepals ovate- lanceolate very acute not much exceeding the petals or capsule. Wight IU. li. 44. ; é Western Pexrnsuua; near Tuticoreen, Wight. 246 XVIII, CARYOPHYLLEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Polycarpon, Branches 6-18 in. high. Leaves obtuse, 4-4 in.; stipules lanceolate. Cymes puberulous, lax, very many-flowered. Flowers 7g in. long. 3. P. spicata, Wight & Arn.in Ann, Nat. Hist. ii. 91; annual, gla- brous, leaves obovate-spathulate radical rosulate, cymes densely fas- cicled or semiumbellate, flowers subspicate, sepals lanceolate or ovate: lanceolate acute much exceeding the petals and capsule. P. staticaeformis, Hochst. & Steud. Wesrern Penrnsuta, at Tuticoreen, Wight; Sixpa, Stocks—Distri. Arabia, Egypt, N. Australia. A small herb 2-5 in. high; branches strict, filiform, erecto-patent from the root, bearing tufts of leaves and umbelled cymes. Leaves petioled, }-4 in., rather fleshy, nerveless ; stipules scarious, lacerate. Cymes 4 in. diam., long peduncled. Flowers subsecund, crowded, ¢ in. long, bracts and sepals acute, scarious, white, with a highly coloured broad herbaceous midrib, Petals very small, oblong, obtuse. Capsule rather more than half the length of the sepals. Seeds shining. Orver XIX. PORTULACESS. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.8.) Herbs, rarely undershrubs. eaves opposite or alternate, entire; nodes with scarious or hairy appendages, rarely naked. Inflorescence various. Sepals 2, imbricate. Petals 4-5, hypogynous or perigynous, free (or united below), fugacious. Stamens 4—, inserted with (rarely upon) the petals, filaments slender; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free, or 4-inferior, 1-celled ; style 2-8-fid, divisions stigmatose ; ovules 2-«, on basal funicles or a cen- tral column, amphitropal. Capsule with transverse or 2-3-valvular dehis- cence. Seeds 1-«, compressed ; embryo curved round a mealy albumen.— Distrie. Cosmopolitan, chiefly American ; genera 15, species about 125. Ovary half-adnate . 2 6 1 ee ee ee we we ee 6D Porroraca. Ovary free 6 1 we we we ee ww we ww ww 8. TALINUM. 1. PORTULACA, Linn. Diffuse, usually succulent, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves with scaly or hairy nodal appendages. Flowers terminal, surrounded by a whorl of leaves, solitary or clustered. Sepals connate below, the free part deciduous. Petals 4-6, perigynous or epipetalous, Ovary 4-inferior; style 3-8-fid; ovules ©, Capsule crustaceous, dehiscing transversely. Seeds « ,reniform.— Distris, Tropical regions, chiefly American ; one or two are cosmopolitan weeds extending to temperate regions ; species 16. * Leaves flat. ‘ 1, P. oleracea, Zinn. ; nodal appendages scarious minute or 0, leaves cuneate-oblong. Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii, 463; W. & A. Prodr. 356. P. levis, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6841, P., suffruticosa, Thw, Enum. 24 (not of Wight). Throughout Inpra, ascending to 5000 ft. in the Himalayas—Duisrris. All warm climates. An annual usually prostrate herb, 4-1 ft., subsucculent and glabrous. Leaves }-1} in., rounded-truncate; petiole very short. Inflorescence of few-flowered terminal heads, either solitary, or in dichotomous cymes. Flowers sessile, with a few ovate, pointed, scarious scales. Petals 5, about equalling the sepals, yellow. Stamens 8-12. Style 3-8-fid. Seeds tubercled-punctate.—An excellent salad. Van. erecta; erect, leaves spathulate-linear brighter green; P. oleracea, var. sylves tris, Hb, Royle (not of DC.).—N.W. India, Portulaca.) XIX. PORTULACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 247 2 PB. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6845 ; nodal appendages whorled sca- rious, leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate. W. & A. Prodr, 356. Western Pentnstva; in the Carnatic, and Cayton. Stems much branched, prostrate, stunted; the approximate joints naked below, clothed with scarious appendages, and sparingly leafy above. Leaves } in., alternate, acute, margins recurved; nodal appendages about six in a whorl, equalling the leaves, imbricate, lanceolate, acute, persistent. lowers terminal, solitary, sessile, surrounded by a few leaves and tufted appendages. Sepals about zy in., broadly ovate-lanceolate. Petals 5, obovate, with netted veins. Stamens 5 (or more?) sliorter than the petals. Style filiform, 4-fid to 4 its length. Seeds numerous, granulate. 3. P. quadrifida, Linn. ; annual, nodal appendages pilose, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Wighd JIL. ii. t. 109; Wall. Cat, 6843. P. meridiana, Lnnn, ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 463. P. geniculata, Royle Il. 221, Tecebrum verticillatum, Burm. Ind. 66 ; Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 31. pprtatont the warmer parts of Inp1a and Crynon.—Duwrrrs. Tropical Asia and Africa. ' Stems diffuse, filiform, rooting at the nodes. Leaves 1-} in., opposite, very ‘shortly petioled ; nodal appendages more or less copious. F'lowers terminal, solitary. Calyz- tube 3-immersed in the extremity of the axis, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre and long silky hairs. Petals 4 (yellow). (Stamens 8-12.) Style filiform, 4-fid to the middle. Seeds minutely: tubercled.—Stunted ‘specimens have the habit of Polygonum herniarioides which has been mistaken for this species. ** Leaves terete. 4, P. tuberosa, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 91; Fil. Ind. ii. 464 ; perennial stems short spreading from a tuberous root. P. cristata, Ham. and pilosa, Ho. Madr. in Wall. Cat. 6844, not of Linn, Benar, Hamilton ; Stxpu, Stocks ; Western Peninsuia; Ceyon. soe. Root 2-3 in., slightly fusiform, with a few branches towards the extremity, villous. Stems 2-8 in., spreading. Leaves 4-3 in., alternate, fleshy, ‘linear ; tiodal appendages 3 in., of sparingly tufted brown hairs. Flowers (yellow) in smal terminal clusters, sur- rounded by about 8 leaves and tufted hairs. Stamens 20-o. Style filiform, 5-cleft. Seeds black, granular.—Closely allied to the Australian P. napiformis, F. Muell. 5. P, suffruticosa, Wight in Wall. Cat. 6842; annual, stems erect. W. & A. Prodr. 356. Wesrrrn Peninsota, Wight. : : ‘ Root annual, woody, divided. Stem about 1 ft., subligneous at the base, breaking up into numerous ascending branches. Leaves about 4 in., acute; nodal appendages setose, scanty, very short, brown. lowers in small terminal clusters, surrounded by about 8 leaves, and setose appendages equalling about 4 the base of the capsule. (Stamens about 16. Style 5-clelt to the middle, W. & A.). Seeds very small, with con- centric rows of minute tubercles.—Allied to the tropical African P. foliosa, Ker, which differs chiefly in habit, from the production of lateral flower-bearing shoots overtopping the primary terminal heads. 2. TALINUM, Adans. Succulent herbs or shrubs. Leaves flat, exstipulate, lowers racemed or panicled, Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens ©. Ovary superior ; style 3-fid ; ovules ©. Capsule globose or ovoid, 2-3-valved. Seeds subglobose or com- pressed, strophiolate-—Distris, Warm countries throughout the world. 1. T, cuneifolium, Willd. ; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii.465. T. indicum, W. & A, Prodr, 356; Wall. Cat, 6847. ; ; Nurat, Wallich; Wesrexn Puninsuia, Wight.—Distat. Arabia, Africa. 248 XIX. PORTULACEE. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Talinum. Stems shrubby, erect, striate. Leaves 1-2 in., cuneiform-obovate, uppermost mucro- nate. Flowers in a terminal subdichotomously branched panicle, with small acuminate membranous-edged bracts; pedicels decurved in fruit. Petals 4, purple. Sepals } in. long, broadly ovate, margins membranous, rather obtuse. Style very short, 3-fid. Capsule globose, about } in. diam. Orpen XX. TAMARISCINEZS. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) Undershrubs, bushes, or small trees. Leaves alternate, very minute, often scale-like, exstipulate, rarely sheathing, sometimes fleshy or impress-punctate. Flowers solitary or in spiked or panicled racemes, regular, rarely 1-sexual. Sepals and petals each 5, rarely 4, imbricate, free or connate below. Stamens 5-10-0, inserted onthe disk, free or connate below ; anthers versatile. Disk hypogynous or subperigynous, 10-glandular. Ovary free, 1-celled, or imperfectly septate ; styles 2-5, free or connate, or stigmas 3-5, sessile ; ovules 2-% on each basal placenta, anatropous, raphe ventral, micropyle inferior. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds erect, plumed or winged ; albumen floury, subfleshy or 0; embryo straight, cotyledons flat.—DisrRis. Cold, tem- perate and hot regions, often in saline or sandy plains; genera 5, species about 40. Stamens free, styles3 2 2. 2 1. 2 ee ee we ee 61 Tamar Stamens connate, stigmas sessile . . . . . . . . . . « 2. Mynicari. 1, TAMARIX, Linn. Bushes or small trees. Leaves scale-like, amplexicaul or sheathing. Jn- florescence of lateral or terminal spikes or dense racemes ; flowers white or pink. Stamens 4, 5, 8 or 10; anthers apiculate. Dzsk more or less lobed from varying confluence of the glands. Ovary narrowed upwards; styles 3-4, short, dilated into the stigmas; placentas basal; ovules many. Seeds with a sessile plume, exalbuminous; embryo ovoid.—Disrrrm. Of the Order ; species about 20. * Stamens 5. 1. T. gallica, Zinn. ; leaves not sheathing smooth subulate or scale- like acute, disk 5-lobed. Throughout Inpra from the N.W. Hmatarya to Brrma and Certon, near rivers and along the sea coast.—Duisrris. W, and 8. shores of Kurope, N. and Tropical Africa, 8. Asia. A bush or small tree; branches slender. Flowers } in. diam., shortly pedicelled in slender panicled spike-like racemes. Sepals triangular-ovate, much shorter than the petals. Glands of disk more or less coalescing in pairs. Ovary sub-3-gonous, sub- sessile ; styles 3, articulated tu the ovary, slightly connate.—Divided into- numerous species differing in minute and uncertain characters. Var. 1. indica, Willd. in Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214 (sp.); usually green, branchlets divaricate, leaves _semi-amplexicaul, lobes of the disk entire or nearly so. T. indica, Ken. ex Roxb. Fl. Ind. it. 100 (excl. syn.). T. gallica, Wight IU. t.24 A. T. epa- croides, Sm. in Rees Cycl. T. articulata, Wall. Cat. 3756 a and d—Common. Var. 2. Pallasii, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 349 (sp.); glaucescent or glaucons, branch: lets erect, leaves shortly decurrent, lobes of the disk deeply emarginate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 773. T. ramosissima, Ledeb. Ic. Fl. Ross. t. 256.—Western Tibet, alt. 8-12,000 ft. 2. T. salina, Dyer ; leaves cordiform subamplexicaul strongly impress- punctate. ; Westerx Pansas; Salt Range at Caffir Kote and Esakhail, Fleming. Tamariz.| XX, TAMARISCINER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 249 .__ A glabrous glaucous shrub, with the habit of J. passerinoides, Del.; Boiss. FI. Orient. i. 778. Bracts linear, equalling the flowers in length. Stamens equalling the ovary; filaments dilated at the base, confluent with the disk-glands. Stigmas sessile. Capsule not seen. 3. T. dioica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 22; Fl. Ind. ii. 101; leaves sheathing, flowers dicecious in rather short dense peduncled spikes, Griff. Motul. iv. 465, ic. 577, f. 2; Wall. Cat. 1241; W. & A. Prodr. 40; Boiss, Fl. Orient. i. 777. T. articulata, Wall. Cat. 3756, b & c (not of Vahl). From Stnpu and the Panzas to Assam, the Western Peninsuza and Birma, near rivers and on the sva coast. : Asmall tree. Branches with drooping extremities; ultimate branchlets elongate, patent-fastigiate. Leaves glabrous, green, obliquely truncate and acuminate. Spikes panicled 1-2 in., about equalling their peduncles. Bracis triangular, acuminate. Flowers 3% in. diam., pink. © Stamens inserted in the notches of the 5-lobed disk; anthers purple. 4. T. articulata, Vahl, Symb. ii. 48, t:32 ; hoary with impress-punctate glands, leaves sheathing, spikes lax usually sessile. Boiss. Fl. Orient, 1.777. T..orientalis, Yorsh. Descr. 206. T. Pharas, Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 3758, Thuya aphylla, Linn. Ameen. Acad. iv. 295. — Abundant in Sinpu and the Pansas; often cultivated.—Disrri, Beluchistan and westward to Egypt and S. Africa. . A bush or coniferous-looking tree. Branchlets fastigiate, elongate, slender, cylindric, jointed. Leaves reduced to a very short sheath with a minute tooth. Spikes slender, more or less interrupted. Bracts sheathing, acute. Flowers 3 in. diam., subsessile. Stamens inserted in alternate notches of the 10-lobed disk.—The Cape form is 7. usneoides, E. Mey. ** Stamens 10. (Pleiandre. Bge.) 5. ©. ericoides, Rottl. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. Berol. iv. 214, t. 4; leaves impunctate sheathing-amplexicaul, glands of the disk separating the fila- ments. T. mucronata, Smith in Rees Cycl. T. tenacissima, Ham. ea Wall, Cat. 3757. Myricaria vaginata, Desv. in Ann. Se. Nat. iv. 350. Trichaurus ericoides, W. & A. Prodr.40; Wight Ill. t. 24 B; Ic. 22; Camb. wn Jacg. Voy. Bot. 58, t. 70. Cenrrat Inpia, Beneat, the Western Peninsuna and Cryton. A shrob; stems slender, branchlets fastigiate. Leaves minute, scale-like, ovate- lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers } in. diam., pale rose-pink, in terminal racemes 4-6 in. Stamens not exceeding the petals, alternately long and short. Capsule 4 in.—Approaches Myricaria in habit. 6. T. stricta, Boiss. Fl. Orient. i, 778; hoary with impress-punctate glands, leaves closely sheathing, glands of the disk passing into the slightly dilated bases of the filaments. : Sinpu, Stocks —Disrris. Beluchistan. So eek Cire ae 2s Habit of 7. articulata, Vail, from which according to Boissier it is distinguished by the thicker branchlets more remote leaves and subsessile stigmas, besides the different number of stamens. 2, MYRICARIA, Desv. _ Fastigiate shrubs. Zeaves small, narrow, sessile, often crowded. Inflo- rescence of lateral or terminal spike-like racemes ; flowers rose-pink. Sta~ mens 10, alternately long and short, monadelphous. Disk almost obsolete. Ovary tapering with 3 sessile stigmas ; placentas basal, very short, adnate to the middle of the valves; ovules many. Seeds exalbuminous with a usually 250 XX. TAMARISCINEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Myricaria. stalked plume ; embryo ovoid.—Disrri, Europe, Mid-Asia ; known spe- cies 4? 1. ME. germanica, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. iv. 349; bracts ovate-lan- ceolate 3-4 times as long as the pedicels, sepals free lanceolate, stamens connate for half their length. M. bracteata, Royle [il. 214, t. 44; Bozss. Fl. Orient, i. 763. M. Hoffmeisteri, Klotz. Keis. Pr. Waldem. 120, t. 25 (plume sessile). Tamarix germanica, Linz. Temperate and ALPrne Husaaya; from Srxxm to Kumaon, alt. 10-14,000 ft.— Disrers. Westward to Europe. : A bush, 4-8 ft. Stems slender, striate, glaucous-green when young. Leaves linear- lanceolate. Facemes 1-18 in., spiked, Jateral or terminal. Bracts with broadly mem- branous margins. Sepals about equalling the petals. Var. prostrata, Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 161 (sp.); prostrate, branchlets ascending, often very short with closely imbricate leaves, seed-plume sessile.—A very Alpine form. 2. M. elegans, Royle Iii, 214; bracts ovate about twice as long as the pedicels, sepals connate below, stamens connate for one-fourth of their length. M. germanica var. longifolia, Herb. Ind. Or. H. fi & T. Western Himataya and Westery Tiset, from Garwhal, alt. 11,500 ft., Royle, &c., to Ladak, &ec., alt. 6-15,000 fi., T. Thomson. : , A bush, with smooth striate slender stems. Leaves oblong-ovate, narrowed at the base. Jacemes 3 in., lateral, lax. Bracts short, acuminate, with narrowly membranous margius. Sepals much shorter than the petals, obtusely triangular at the apex. ; Orper XXI. ELATINESAS. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) Minute semi-aquatic or terrestrial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves oppo- site or whorled, entire or serrate, stipulate. lowers small, axillary, soli- tary or cymose. Sepals and petals each 2-5, free, imbricatein bud. Stamens as many or twice as many as the sepals, hypogynous, free ; anthers versa- tile. Ovary free ; cells and styles 2-5, stigmas capitate; ovules many, on the inner angles of the cells, anatropous, raphe lateral or ventral. Cap- sule sépticidal ; valves flat concave or incurved, separating from the axis and septa, Seeds straight or curved, raplie on the concave side, testa often ’ rugose, albumen scanty or 0; embryo cylindric, straight or curved, cotyle- coe small.— Distr, Scattered over the world; genera 2, known species about 20. Sepals obtuse, aquatic herbs... 1 1 1 ee 6 ew e ee 1. Evarine, Sepals acute, flowers usually 5-merous . . . . . =... =. + © 2. Berou. 1, BLATINE, Linn, Minute aquatic tender creeping herbs. Leaves opposite or whorled. Flowers very small, axillary, usually only one to each node, Sepals 2-4, membranous obtuse. Petals 2-4, Ovary globose. Capsule membranous; septa evanescent after bursting or adhering to the axis. Seed cylindric, straight or curved, ridged and pitted.—Distris. Temperate and subtropical regions ; species about 6. 1, B. americana, Arn. in Edin. Journ. Nat, Se, i, 431; flowers sessile or nearly so, stamens longer than the sepals. Flatine.] XXI, ELATINEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyér.) 251 Naeurt Mrs. Schmidt.—Distrm. N. America (usually dimerous), N. Zealand, Australia. ‘ Prostrate on mud in patches 1-8 in. broad. Stems rooting at the nodes, with nume- rous opposite or alternate ultimately ascending branches. eaves 4-4 in., opposite, ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to the base, entire, minutely scabrid; stipules scarious, acute, incise-serrate. Flowers fully #, in. diam. Sepals 3, 2 slightly herbaceons. Petals 3, twice as long as the sepals, with a mid-vein. Seeds about 12 in each cell, slightly curved Asa Gray, Gen. Ill. t. 95, represents entire stipules united at the base and sepals exceeding the pistil; American specimens disagree with the figure in these respects and agree with the Indian plant. 2. HB. ambigua, Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. ii. 103, t. 5; flowers pedi- celled, stamens shorter than the sepals. W. d& A. Prodr. 41; Wight Ml. t. 25 B; Seubert in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xxi. t. 2, f, 11-14, Western Peninsuta, Wight.—Disrris. Fiji Islands. Habit of #. americana, Arn. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Sepals, petals and stamens each 3.—Probably should be united with the preceding and Z. triandra, Schk. (which, differs in the absence of the superior petal). ‘The aggregate species would have a cos- mopolitan range. 2. BERGIA, Linn. Annuals or undershrubs, erect, decumbent, or diffusely branched, often pubescent. Leaves opposite, serrate, or sometimes quite entire. Flowers solitary or in more or less dense axillary fascicles, minute, usually 5-merous. Sepals with a herbaceous midrib and more or less membranous margins, acute. Ovary ovoid. Capsule subcrustaceous, septicidal or sep- ee teat Warm countries throughout the world; known species about 14. 1. B. odorata, Hdgew. in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. vii. 765 (1838) ; pubescent-glandular, flowers fascicled_pedicelled 2-8 together. Lancretia suffruticosa, Delile Fl. Egypt. 69. B. suffruticosa, Fen in Denks. Bot. Gesell. iii, 183; Boiss, FT, Orvent. i. 783, - Sica States at Balawati, Adgeworth; SinpH at Kurrachee, Stocks. — Disrris. Trop. Africa, Egypt. ’ : Woody, diffuse, 1 ft. or less, aromatic, with papery deciduous bark. Leaves 7,-} in., sessile, thick, elliptic or ovate, margins crenate-serrate, often reflexed. Flowers % in. long, on branches barren below. Sepals 5, ovate, herbaceous, serrulate. Petals obovate. Stamens 10, filaments dilated below. Ovary grooved ; styles 5, one-half the length of the ovary. Capsule 5-celled. Sceds numerous, minute, shining, slightly curved —A , very variable plant. Smells of chamomile. t 2. B. westivosa, W. & A. Prodr. 41; nearly glabrous, flowers solitary or 2-4 together, Elatine zestivosa, Wight Ic. t. 222, Spergula astivosa, Ken. ex Wall. Cat, 6963. Pansas, Thomson; Moultan, Edgeworth. . Branches slender, divaricate. Leaves narrow-obovate .or oblong, faintly serrate. Flowers pink, on branches with almost linear leaves barren above. Sepals lanceolate, acute, denticulate, with membranous margins.—Probably only a variety of B. odorata, but distinct in habit. 3. B. ammannioides, Fox). Hort. Beng. 34; Fl, Ind. ii, 457 ; annual, flowers in dense .subverticillate fascicles, stamiens 3-5. Hoth, Nov, Pl. Sp. 219; Wight in Hook, Bot. Misc. iii. 93, Suppl. t. 28; JU. i. t. 25 A.; Wall, Cat. 655; Boiss. Fl, Orient. i. 472. B, pentandra, Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. 42, t, 12, Elatine ammannioides, W. & A, Proar, 41, Sagina ammannivides, Wall, Cat, 7504, 252 XXI. ELATINER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Bergia. Throughout Inpra and Ceytoy; in marshy places.—Drsrrin. Afghanistan, Persia, Tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. Z Stems 3-12 in., erect or with the lower branches decumbent, smooth or thinly pubes- cent-hispid, the stem-hairs often glandular-capitate. Leaves 4-9 in., sessile, Tinear, lanceolate or oblanceolate, tapering below, sharply serrate, acute. Flowers yy in., sessile or shortly pedicelled. Sepals 5, lanceolate, denticulate. Petals and stamens 5. Ovary oblong, deeply grooved. Capsule 3-6-celled ; valves with incurved edges, de- hiscing from a central axis. Seeds numerous, ovoid. Var. trimera; Fisch. & Mey. in Linnea, x. 74 (sp.); flowers trimerous. B. amman- nioides @ flor. triandr.; Wight in Hook. Bot. Misc. iii. 93, t. 28, f. 1 and 2; Lechea verticillata, Willd. ex DC. Prod. i. 286.—Western Peninsula and Ceylon. 4, B. verticillata, Willd. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 456; glabrous, stems procumbent rooting, stamens 10. hw. Hnwm, 23. Elatine (B) verticillata, W. & A. Prodr. 41, B, aquatica, Roxb. Corom. Pl. ii. 22, t. 142; Bors, Fi. Orient. ii. 783. B. capensis, Linn. ; Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 78. Western Pewinsuts, Ceyzon and Rangoon.—Disrris. Widely spread in the tropics but absent from S. Africa. : ‘ A glabrous rather succulent annual aquatic herb, 4-1 ft. Leaves 1-14 in., spreading, elliptic-lanceolate, tapering at either end, acute, faintly crenate-serrate ; stipules nar- rowly deltoid, toothed, acute. Sepals 5, narrow-lanceolate, oblique!y acuminate, niidrib herbaceous. Petals 5. Capstle globose ovoid. Seeds minute, slightly curved, ribbed and transversely rugose.—Not a native of the Cape, Linneeus’s original name has there- fore been suppressed. Orver XXII. HYPERICINES. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, Leaves opposite, often punctate with pel- lucid glands or dark glandular dots, entire or glandular-toothed ; stipules 0. Flowers solitary or cymose, terminal, rarely axillary. Sepals and petals each 5, rarely 4; petals contorted in bud. Stamens o, or rarely definite, 3- or 5-adelphous, rarely free or all connate ; anthers versatile. Ovary 3-5-carpel- lary, 1- or 3-5-celled ; styles as many, filiform, free or united ; ovules few or 2, on parietal or axile placentas, anatropous, raphe lateral or superior. Fruit capsular or baccate. Seeds exalouminous; embryo straight or Ryeedheg TAS EHtIe Temp.,and mountains of warm regions ; genera 8, species out 210, TRIBE 1. Hypericees. Capsule dehiscing septicidally or at the placentas.’ Seeds not winged. a Flowers 4merous . . «1 1 1. 1 ew we ee 6 AscyrUM. Flowers merous . . . 1... ee ee ew ee eh) Oo. HYPeRicUM. > TRIBE 2, Cratoxyles. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally, Seeds winged. 3. CraToxyLon. 1. ASCYRUM, Linn. ; Herbs or shrubs. Zeavessmall, entire. lowers terminal, nearly solitary, yellow, 4-merous. aie leafy, the 2 outer largest. Stamens slightly connate or free. Ovary 1-celled. Capsule 2-4-valved, dehiscing at the placentas.— Distris. Except the endemic Indian species confined to N. Amer. and the Antilles ; species 6. 1, A. filicaule, Dyer.—Hypericum filioaule, Z. f. & 7’, ms, Temperate Sik Himanaya; Lachoong valley, alt, 12,000 ft., J. D. A. Ascyrum.] XXII. HYPERICINEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 253 A pereunial herb. Stems 3-6 in., slender, cylindric, faintly 2-edged, rooting at the base. Leaves 4 in. or less, subsessile, broadly elliptic, obtuse, pellucid-punctate, mar- gins wavy. L'lowerg 4 in. diam, solitary. Sepals oblong, obtuse, outermost exceeding the petals, Styles 3, 7’; in., rather shorter than the ovary. ' ’ 2, HYPERICUM, Linn. Herbs, shrubs, or small trees. Leaves usually sessile. Flowers cymose, yellow, terminal, or axillary. Sepals 5. Petals 5, usually oblique. Ovary 1-celled with 3 or 5 parietal, or 3-5-celled with axile placentas ; styles free or united ; ovules ©, rarely few. Capsule septicidal, or dehiscing at the placentas.—Disrris. Temperate regions ; species 160. : A. calycinum, L., from 8. Europe, occurs as a garden plant. HI. chinense, L.; H. monogynum, Willd.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 400, is said to be known: only as a cultivated plant. It is found in Indian gardens ; the leaves are elliptical and obtuse, and the styles united throughout. Hypericum salicifolium, Sieb. & Zuce., ut Japan is probably not distinct from this. Sect. I. Androszminee, Spach. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals deciduous. Stamens 5-adelphous at the base. Ovary 5-celled.—(Communly shrubs with few and large flowers.) * Styles longer than the ovary (unknown in 1). ‘1. H. Griffithii, 7. ¢ 7. ms.; leaves ovate subcordate, cymes corym- bose, sepals small narrowly deltoid, styles 5. Buoran, Dimree-nuddee, alt. 6400 ft., Griffith. A shrub, young branches terete. Leaves 2-44 in., obtuse, younger lanceolate acute, firm, glaucescent below with prominent reticulate nerves. Sepals 4 in. long, acute.. Capsule 4-4 in. long.—Flowers unknown; habit that of H. grandifolium, Choisy. 2. H. mysorense, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4808; leaves oblong-lanceolate decussate approximate, sepals ovate, styles exceeding the stamens. H. myr-. tifulia, Spach Suit. Buff. v. 4281 Norisca mysorensis, Wight Ic. t. 56. Western Peninsoua; on the hills from the Concan to the Pulneys, alt. 3-4000 ft. Ceyion, Walker, &c. A glabrous shrub 4-6 ft. high (Gardner); young branches 4-angled. Leaves 1-2in., tapering to an amplexicaul base, with slender ascending veins and pellucid striz. Cymes terminal, 3-flowered; flowers 2-22 in. diam. Sepals 4 in., acute. Petals obliquely oblanceolate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles twice as long as the bray: Cupsule about 3 in.—The allied Abyssinian H. gnidiafolium, Rich., has styles $ united. . 3, H. cernuum, foxb. Hort. Beng. 59; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 400; leaves elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, glaucous beneath, sepals ovate, styles slightly exceeding the stamens. Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. t. 23. H. oblungifolium, Chusy Prodr. Hyp, 42, t. 4. H. speciosum, Wall, Cat. 4803. H. Gova- nianum, Wall, Cat. 4815 (sepals linear-lanceolate). Western TemperaTE Himavaya; from Kumaon to Sirmur, alt. 5-7000 ft. A glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft.; branches cylindric, glaucous when young. Leaves 1-3in., sessile, minutely dotted. Cymes terminal, 3-5-Hlowered; flowers 2 in. diam., white, then yellowish. Sepals in. acute. Petals obovate, longer than the stamens. Styles twice the length of the ovary. Capsule 4.in., conical. 4, H. cordifolium, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545 ; leaves oblong-lanceo- ‘late cordate curiaceous glaucous beneath, sepals lanceolate. H. bracteatum, Wail, Cat. 4804; Pl. Asiat. Rar, t. 220. H, acutuu, Wull. Cat. 4807, 264 XXII. HYPERICINERZ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hypericum. 5 Cae Hotataya; Nipal, Wallick; Kumaon, at Ramari, alt. 4500 ft., Strach. tnt. A glabrous shrub, 1-2 ft.; branches long, slender, brown ; branchlets subtetragonous. Leaves 1-2 in., coriaceous, opaque with translucent lines, penninerved with one or two lateral veins and midrib darkly marked below. Cymes many-flowered; flowers 14 in. diam. Sepals 4-4 in. Petals obliquely obovate. Stamens equalling the styles, 3 the length of the petals. Styles 14 times as long as the ovary. 5, H. lysimachioides, Wall. Cat. 4817; leaves ovate subsessile glau- os beneath with dark veins, sepals linear-lanceolate. H. coriaceum, Royle 7. 131. Western Temperate Hiwataya; from Kumaon, alt. 8-9000 ft., to Wardwan, alt. 5-6500 ft., Stewart. : A glabrous shrub, branchlets subtetragonous. Leaves $-19 in., acute or rather obtuse, penninerved, the veins connected marginally, pale and black-dotted beneath. Cymes loose, leafy, 2-3-chotomous; flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals $in. Petals lanceo- late. Styles slightly longer than the ovary, not exceeding the stamens. Capsule about 4 in. ** Styles not longer than the ovary. 6. H. Hookerianum, W. ¢ A. Prodr. 99; branches terete, leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, sepals obovate, styles recurved exceeding the stamens. Wight Ic. 949. H. oblongifolium, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4949. Sixxim Himavaya, alt. 8~12,000 ft., J. D. H.; Misum, Griffith; Kaasta Mss., alt. 4-6000 ft., Lobb., &c.; Niteuiris, Wight, &c. A glabrous shrub 6-8 ft.; branches red-brown. Leaves 1-4 in., sessile or very shortly stalked, obtuse, mucronate, firm, glaucous or rusty beneath, faintly pellucid- punctate. Cymes few-flowered or corymbose, leafy-bracteate ; flowers about 2 in. diam., golden-yellow. Sepals 4-4 in. Petals obliquely-obovate, longer than the stamens. Styles 4 in., shorter than the ovary. Capsule 3 in., obtusely conical to egg-shaped. Van. Leschenaultii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 145 (sp.); Deless. lc. Sel. iii. t. xxvii. ; sepals acute. H. triflorum, Blume, Fl. Ned. Ind. 142. H. oblongifolium, Wall. Cat. 4810 (not of Choisy). H. Choisianum, Wall. Cat. 4805.—Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 8000 ft., J. D. H—Disrris. Java. 7. H. patulum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 295,.t. 17; branches spreading pyra- midally 2-edged, leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sepals elliptic obtuse, styles ex- ceeding the stamens. Watl. Cat, 4809; Hook. Bot. Mag. 5693; Don Prodr. 218. H. Uralum, Ham, ew Lon lc.; Bot. Mag. t. 2375; DC. Prodr, 218. H: oblongifolium, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. t. 244 (not of Choisy in Wail. Cat.). Throughout the Temp, Himauaya (Sikkim excepted); alt. 3-7000 ft., from Bhotan, Griffith, to Simla, Lady Dalhousie, and Chamba, Stewart. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 5-60U0 ft.; Yunan, J. Anderson.—Distris. Japan, Formosa, A glabrous shrub, 1-3 ft., with brownish bark and numerous red, stiffly patent branches. Leaves 1-2} in., distichous, very shortly petioled, acute, Llack-dotted and glaucescent or rusty beneath, pellucid punctate and striate, margins reflexed. Cymes few-flowered, terminal; peduncles 2-bracteate ; flowers lin. diam. Sepals }in. Petals orbicular, twice the length of the stamens. Styles equalling the ovary. Capsule 4in., obtusely conical.—Nearly allied to H. Hookerianum but smaller, more rigid, and with smaller flowers. Var. attenwatum, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 545; more slender in every part. 8. H. tenuicaule, H. f. & 7. ms.; branches diffuse slender terete, leaves elliptic or ovate pellucid striate, flowers solitary or geminate, sepals elliptic, styles not exceeding the stamens. Temprrate Sixxim Himataya,; Lachen valley, alt. 8000 ft., J. D. H. A glabrousshrub, Leaves 1-14 in., tapering below, subacute, pale and glandular-dotted Hypericum.| XX11. HYPERICINEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 255 beneath. Flowers 1} in. diam., usually exceeded by lateral leafy shoots. Sepals about 3 in., obtuse, Petals obliquely obovate, twice the length of the stamens. Styles scarcely $in., about as long as the ovary. Capsule 4 in.—Perhaps a variety of H. patulum, but distinct in habit. 9. H. reptans, 7. f. & 7. ms, ; stems shrubby prostrate diffuse root- ing, flowers terminal solitary. Temperate Sixxim Himavaya, alt. 9-11,000 ft., J. D. H. Branches slender, two-edged, reddish-brown. Leaves 4-} in., approximate, elliptic- oblong, obtuse, with short pellucid strie. Flowers 1$ in. diam. Sepals about } in., elliptic, obtuse. Petals obovate. Stamens hardly exceeding the ovary. Styles ¢ in., equalling the ovary, tips recurved. Capsule $in., globose. Seeds minute, apiculate at both ends. ; Sect. II. Hyperinese, Spach. Sepals 5, connate at the base, equal or ‘unequal. Petals persistent. Stamens 3-adelphous at the base. Ovuury- 3-celled, * Margins of the sepals eglandular. ‘10, H. perforatum, inn. ; stem erect 2-edged, leaves oblong or ovate pellucid-punctate. sepals linear acute. Temprrate Western Himataya; from Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft. to Kashmir, alt. 3-6500 ft.—Dsstris. Europe, N. Africa, N.W. Asia. ; A perennial herb. Stems 18 in., with slender stolons, branched above. Leaves 3 in.,, obtuse, with radiating veins, paler beneath with black dots. Cymes corymbose, 3-cho- tomously branched; flowers 1 in. Sepals gin. Petals with’ black-glandular edges. Styles twice the length of the ovary, equalling the stamens. Capsde 4 in., egg-shaped. Vas. debile, Royle, ms.; stem weak, leaves oblong-linear. 1L HH. Sampsoni, Hance in Seem. Journ, of Bot. iii, 378; stems erect cylindric, leaves oblong connate pellucid-punctate, sepals oblong obtuse. Knasia Mountains, Nowgong, Stmons.—Distris. §. China, Formosa. A perennial herb. Stems 1 ft. Leaves 14-2 in., obtuse, glaucescent beneath. Cymes lax; flowers 4-2 in.diam. Sepals black-punctate. Petals about equalling the sepals. Styles very short. Capsule ovcid, covered with oval resinous vesicles. —Approaches H. erectum, Thb., of Japan, which is destitute of vesicles and has the leaves am- plexicaul. : 12, H. petiolulatum, ZH. f. & T.ms.; stems erect slender cylindric, leaves shortly petioled ovate elliptic, flowers small, sepals inear unequal, styles very short exceeded by the stamens. Sixxm Himanaya, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. A. : Stems 9-15 in., branched from the base; branches weak, simple. Leaves }-3 in., rather distant, obtuse, glaucescent beneath with dark pellucid dots, margins wavy. Cymes 3-flowered ; flowers % in. long. Sepals 7y- in., acute, not pellucid-punctate. Capsule with numerous glandular lines. 13, Ht. humifusum, Linn. ; stems procumhent 2-edged, leaves sessile elliptic to ovate approximate, sepals lanceolate unequal, styles 4 the length of the ovary. H. rubrum, Wight ms. ‘Niventris, Wight.—Disrrie. Europe, Atlantic Isles, 8. Africa. ; A glabrous perennial herb. Stems about 6 in., numerous, red. Leaves j-}in., pellucid-punctate and as well as the sepals with black intramarginal glands. Cymes terminal, few-flowered. Flowers 4-4 in. diam. ** Margins of the sepals with gland-tipped teeth. 14, H. elodeoides, Choisy in DC. Prodr.i. 552; stems stout usually 256 XXII. HYPERICINEEZ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hypericum. simple, leaves oblong or ovate acute firm, sepals with long teeth, petals glandular-striate, H. adenophorum, Wail. Cat. 4812. H, nervosum, Don Prodr, 219, Temperate Hisanaya; from Sikkim, alt. 7-12,000 ft., to Sirmur, alt. 7-8000 ft.; Kaasia Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft.; Assam and Birma, Griffith. : : Stems 1-2 ft., stoloniferous, glabrous, terete. Leaves 1-1} in., approximate, stem- clasping, uppermost glandular-fringed at the base, closely pellucid-punctate. Cymes paniculate ; flowers 2 in. Sepals 4 in., lanceolate, acute, with black intramarginal glands. Petals exceeding the calyx. Styles 3, } in., at least twice the length of the ovary, spreading, not exceeding the stamens. Capsule 4 in.—A very variable plant, allied to the European #. montanum, L., which is puberulous with a denser cyme and shorter sepaline teeth. Al. intermedium, Steud., of Abyssinia and Asia Minor, has shorter teeth but a very open cyme. 15. H. napaulense, Choisy in DC. Prodr.i. 552; stems weak with numerous branches, leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse thin, sepals with short teeth, petals eglandular or nearly so. H. pallens, Don Prodr, 219, H. setosum, Wall. Cat. 4814. H. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4010; W.d A. Prodr. 99; Wight. Lil, i. 43. Temperate Himazaya; from Sikkim, alt. 10-12,000 ft. to Kashmir, alt. 7-8000 ft. ; Birma, Grifith—Wausrern Peninsuva, Nilghiri and Pulney Mts., Waght, &c. Stems slender, difluse or prostrate, cylindric, obscurely 2-edged. Leaves 3-3 in., sessile and stem-clasping, or slightly petioled, glaucous beneath and closely pellucid- ‘punctate. Cymes few-flowered, loose; flowers £ in. Sepals lanceolate. Petals longer than the calyx. Styles 4 in., about equalling the ovary, exceeding the stamens. Cap- sule ¢ in.—Perhaps only a variety of H. elodeoides. 16. H. monanthemun, ZH. f, ¢& 7. ms. ; stems,simple, leaves broadly elliptic or ovate, sepals dark-glandular-striate, petals linear twice the length of the sepals, styles half the length of the ovary. Srxuim Himataya; Lachen and Lachoong Valleys, alt. 11-12,000 ft., J. D. HZ. Stems 4 in.-1 ft., erect, 2-edged, reddish brown. Leaves 2 in., sessile, obtuse, pel- lucid striate-punctate, with a few black marginal dots beneath. Cymes 1-3-flowered ; flowers with a pair of glandular fringed bracts. Sepals linear-lanceolate. Syles 7x in.,, equalling the stamens. Capsule } in., ovoid. Sect. III. Brathydinewe, Spach. Sepals 5, Petals persistent. Stamens connate at the base. Ovary 1-celled. _ 17, H. japonicum, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 295, t. 31 ; stems diffuse or ascend- ing, leaves 3-nerved, cyme dichotomous elongated, sepals 3-nerved. Wall. Cat, 4811. Hoyle Jil. t, 24. H. pusillum, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 549. Brathys nepalensis, Blume Mus. Bot, ii.19. H. calycatum, Jacg. Herb. (sepals foliaceous). : , ‘Temperate and Susrropicat Himarara, from Sikkim to Garwhal; alt. 2-5000 ft. Kuasia Mrs.; Assam, Situet, Birma; Eastern and Western Pentnsuua and Ceyion. —Disrris. New Zealand, Australia, Japan, China, Java. Annual. Stems 1-15 in., tufted or prostrate, glabrous, 4angled. Leaves } in. or less, stem-clasping, oval or ovate, pellucid-punctate. Flowers } in. diam., yellow. Bracts and sepals linear-lanceolate, entire, acute, glandular and pellucid-punctate at the apex. Petals equalling the calyx. Styles 3 the length of the ovary. Capsule din. Seeds ribbed and transversely striate.—H. humifusum is distinguished by its 2-edged stems, 3 celled ovary, and leaves with intra-marginal black dots. 18. H. Lalandii, Choisy in DC. Prodr. i. 550; stems slender simple, leaves approximate below appressed with revolute marzins 1-nerved, cyme Hypericum.] XXII. HYPERICINER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 257 close often few-flowered, sepals with one prominent nerve. H. foetidum, Hf. & T. ms. _ Knasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., Lobb, &.—Disrris. 8. Africa, Lower Guinea.' Annual. Smell remarkably fetid, like bad orange-peel. Stems 6-18 in., slender. simple, tufted. Leaves 4 in., or less, rather thick, faintly pellucid-punctate. Sepals elliptic-oblong. Styles 4 the length of the ovary.—Probably a variety of . japonicum, but identical with the African plant, , Szot. IV. Blodeinewe, Spach. Stamens definite (9), cohering for 3 their length into 3 bundles separated by (entire) hypogynous scales. 19. H. breviflorum, Wail. Cat, 4876; stems usually simple cylindric lower 3 bare, flowers in 1-3 short axillary cymes.. Kaasta Mrs., alt. 5000 ft.; Sinner, Wallich. Stems 14 ft. Leaves: narrow elliptic, black-dotted beneath. Flowers white. Sepals very short, ovate-linear, obtuse. -Anthers vesicular-apiculate. Styles % the length of the ovary, recurved. Capsule 4 in., ovoid—The allied H. petiolatum, Walt., of N. America and Japan has cylindric capsules. 3. CRATOXYLON, Blume: Shrubs or trees. Zeaves entire, usually papery. Inflorescence axillary or, terminal, cymose. Sepals and petals each 5. Stamens 3- or 5-adelphous, with fleshy hypogynous glands alternating with the bundles. Qvary 3-celled ; styles distinct ; ovules 4-0 in each cell. Capsule 3-valved.—DistRip. Tro- pical Asia; species about 12. ’. Suor. I. Ancistrolobus, Spach. Petals subpersistent, inappendiculate. Stamens 3-adelphous, hypogynous ; glands more or less cucullate. 1. ©. polyanthum, Korth. Verhand. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 175, t. 36; leaves elliptic to oblong, cymes 1-3-flowered axillary or slightly supra-axillary, petals glandular-veined. aed and the Eastern Pewninsuta.—Dister. China (C. biflorum),, Philippines, | jorneo, A glabrous aromatic shrub, with oumipresed branchlets. Leaves: 1-4 in., pellucid- punctate and black-dotted beneath. lowers 4 in. diam., pink. Sepals § in. long, } in. when in fruit, elliptic, obtuse. Hypogynous glands sometimes obsvlete. Capsule 4-4 in. long, exceeding the sepals. Seeds 8, 4 in. long, with an oblique unilateral wing. ‘ Var. 1. ligustrinum, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 16 (sp:); leaves uarrowed at both ends acute. CO. lanceolatum, Mig. #1. Ned. Ind. Supp. i. 500. Ancistrolobus ligustrinus, Spach, Suit. Buff. v. 361. A. brevipes, Turcz. Bull. Mosc. 1858, i. 383. Hypericum pulchellum, Wall. Cat. 4821. Pegu, Malacca, 8. Andamans, Kurz. Var. 2. Wightii, Bl. Le. 18 (sp.). Leaves broadly oval mostly obtuse. Ancistrolobus, 2 Wight Il. i. 111. Hypericum horridum, Wall. Cat. 4822, Elodea, sp., Griff. otul. iv. 569. Tenaaserim, Mergui, Griffith; Tavoy, Wallich. 2, ©. neriifolium, Kurz in Journ, Asiat. Soc, Beng, 1872, pt. ii. 293 ; _ leaves narrow-oblong sessile, cymes 3-flowered in a short terminal panicle Hypericum neriifolium, Wall. Cat. 4824. Birman, Teiyet, Griffith; Pegu, Prome hills, Wallich ; Currragona, H. f.& T. A shrub, 10 ft. Leaves 3-6 in., by 3-14 in., slightly cordate, tapeting to the apex. Panicle 3 in. Hypogynous glands with the reflexed margin mucronate, Capsule } in., hardly exceeding the calyx—Agrees otherwise with C. polyanthwm and closely allied VOL L 8 258 XXII. HYPERICINEE. (W. TT. Thiselton Dyer.) [Cratoxylon. 3. C. arborescens, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 17 ; leaves oblong-obovate or elliptic, cymes forming a pyramidal panicle, petals glandular-dotted. Hy-. pericum arborescens, Vahd Symb. ii. 86,t.43, H. coccineum, Wall, Cat. 4823. Ancistrolobus glaucescens, Z'urcz. Bull. Mosc, 1858, i. 383. Vismia? arbores- cens, Choisy Prod. Hyp. 36. Movutmern, Lobb; Maxacca, Griffith, Maingay ; Sincarorn, Anderson.—Disrais. Java, Borneo. : A bush? Leaves 3-44 in. by 14-2 in., coriaceous. Panicle 4-9 in. long. Flowers Zin. diam., scarlet. Capsule $ in. long; seeds % in. long, with an equilateral wing. Sect. Il. Tridesmis, Spach, Petals not persistent, with a basal squa- mule. Stamens 3- or 5-adelphous. 4, ©. formosum, Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. Pi. i. 166; branchlets alter- nate spreading, hypogynous glands triangular attenuate, fruit pedicels drooping. Tridesmis formosa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch, Bot. 179, t. 37. T. ochnoides, Spach, Suit. Buff. v. 359, Hlodea formosa, Jack in Hook, Journ.- Bot. i. 374, : Maxacca, Mt. Ophir, Griffith; Stncaporr, Maingay; 8. Anpaman, Kurz.—Distri. Borneo, Philippines. A very large tree with habit of a Cerasus. Leaves 2-3} in., decussate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, papery, glabrous. Cymes in the axils of fallen leaves, shortly racemose ; flowers white. Sepals not accresent, } the length of the petals. Basal squamule of the petals usually rounded. Stamens 3-adelphous. Styles dimorphic. Capsule 3 by é in., triquetrous. Seeds 4 in. long, with a very obtuse, obovate, unilateral wing. 5. ©. Maingayi, Dyer ; branchlets spreading opposite, hypogynous glands triangular, fruit pedicels ascending. Penane, Maingay. A tree above 30 ft., with a very thick stem. Leaves 2-34 by 1-14 in., elliptic, tapering at both ends, acuminate, midrib reddish-brown beneath, papery, glabrous. _ Cymes in the axils of the often persistent old leaves. Petals with black-dotted veins; basal squamule acute. Stamens 3-adelphous. Styles filiform, as long as petals (but probably dimorphic). Capsule 4 in. long, 7? in. broad, slender, cylindric. Seeds 3 in. long, with an oblong unilateral wing. 6. C. prunifolium, Dyer ; branchlets opposite ascending, leaves pubes- cent, hypogynous glands very short obtuse transversely grooved. Hype ticum prunifolium, Wall. Cat. 7276. Tridesmis pruniflora, Kurz in Journ, Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1872, pt. ii. 293. Mootmetn, Wallich. Stems woody, compressed, rather rigid. Flowers precocious, in small, lax, axillary fascicles; pedicels and calyx closely pubescent. Sepals 4 the length of the petals, Basal squamule of the petals acute. Stamens 3-adelphous. Fruit not seen. Orprr XXIN. GUTTIFERAS. (By T. Anderson, F.L.S.) Trees or shrubs, abounding in a yellow or greenish juice. Leaves oppo- site, coriaceous or membranous, rarely whorled or stipulate. Flowers axil- lary or terminal, solitary fascicled subracemose or panicled, white yellow or red, Flowers regular, dicecious, polygamous or hermaphrodite. Sepals 2-6, - imbricate or in decussate pairs. Petals 2-6 (rarely more, or 0), caudally much imbricated or contorted. Mate fl. : Stamens usually indefinite, hypogynous ; filaments free or variously connate, monadelphous or in as many bundles as there are petals; anthers various, Frmace fl. : Staminodes various. Ovary 1-2-2 -celled ; style slender, short or 0 (2in Pacilonewron), stigmas as many XXIII. GUTTIFERE, (T. Anderson.) 259 as the cells free or connate, sometimes peltate; ovules 1-2 or ©, axile or erect from the base of the cell. Fruit usually baccate and indehiscent. Seeds large, albumen 0; embryo consisting of a large radicle (tigellus) with small or obsolete cotyledons, or of thick free or consolidated cotyledons with a very short inferior radicle.—A large tropical family, common in Asia and America, rare in Africa, of 24 genera and 250 species. Mamuea americana, Linn., the Mammee apple of the West Indies is occasionally cultivated in Indian gardens ; it belongs to the tribe Calophyllee, and is distinguished by its valvately 2-partite calyx which is quite entire in the bud. The following account of the British Indian Guttifere was drawn up by Dr. Thos. Anderson, late Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic Garden, shortly before his death in 1870. For the reduction of Xanthochymus to Garcinia I am answerable, as also for several new species from Maingay’s Malacca collections and otber sources, and for the reference to Keddome’s and Lanessan’s works — all such additions are either enclosed between [ ] or signed with my initials—J. D. Hooker. Tre I, Garciniew. Ovary-cells 1-ovuled ; stigma sessile or subsessile, peltate, entire or with radiating lobes. Bery indehiscent. Hmbryo of a solid tigellus with minute cotyledons or 0, Calyx of 4or5 sepals . . . 1. 1. 1 wwe ew we 6D Garornta. Calyx closed in bud, bursting into 2 valves . . . . . . . 2. OcuRocarpus. Trize II. Calophylles. Ovary with 1, 2 or 4 erect ovules ; style slender (rarely styles 2), stigma peltate or 4-fid or acute. uit fleshy, rarely dehis- ley Embryo of two fleshy free or consolidated cotyledons, with a small radicle. Ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled; style 1, stigma peltate . . . . . 8. CaLorpHyLLum. Ovary l-celled, 4-ovuled; style 1, stigma 4-fid . . . . . . 4 Kavea. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled ; style 1, stigma peltate . . . . . 5. Musua. Ovary 2-celled, 4-ovuled; styles 2, stigmas acute . . . . . 6. Pacmonzuxon. i 1. GARCINIA, Linn. (Including Xanruocuymus, Roxb.) Trees, usually with yellow juice. eaves evergreen, coriaceous, very rarely stipulate. Flowers solitary fascicled or panicled, axillary or terminal, polygamous. Sepals 4-5, decussate. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Matz fi: Stamens o, free or collected into a ring or an entire globose or conical 4-5-lobed mass, usually surrounding a rudimentary ovary ; anthers sessile or on short thick filaments, 2- rarely 4-celled, adnate or peltate, dehiscing by slits or pores or circumsciss. FEMALE or HERMAPHRODITE fl, : Staminodes 8-~ , free or connate. Ovary 2-12-celled ; stigma sessile or subsessile, peltate, entire or lobed, smooth or tubercled ; ovules solitary in each cell, attached to the inner angle of the cell. Berry with a coriaceous rind. Seeds with a pulpy aril—Duisrris. Tropical Asia, Africa, and Polynesia ; species about 50. (Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Bengal. xxxvii. 64) rightly states that Xanthochymus can- not be kept distinct from Garcinia, for that both.4- and 5-merous flowers occur in X. pictorius.—J. D. H.] Suscenus I, Garcinia proper. Sepals and Petals 4 each. Series A. Stigma divided into rays, or deeply 4-lobed (unknown in G. bancana). * Stamens of male flowers in-4 masses or in a 4-lobed mass surrounding . the rudimentary ovary; anthers oblong, dehiscing vertically. 82 260 XXIII, GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia. 1. G. Mangostana, Linn. ,; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate, nerves very numerous horizontal, peticle short thick, male fl. 44n. diam. yellow- red or purple, stamens in 4 masses, stigma sessile. DC. Prodr. 1. 560; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ti. 618; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4847; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33 ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttiff. V70.; (Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 15]. Native and cultivated ‘in the Marayan Penmsura and Soursern TenasseRm.— ace Malay Archipelago, cult. in Ceylon and a few spots in the Madras sidency. A amall eoritcal tree 20-80 ft.;' branches. many, decussate. Leaves 6-10 by 24-43 in., very coriaceous ; nerves regular,close, inarching with an intramarginal one. Mate #. in 3-9-flowered terminal fascicles ; pedicels.short. Sepals orbicular, concave, persistent, Petals broad-ovate, fleshy. Stamens ‘indefinite. Hermaru. fl. 2 in. diam., solitary or geminate at the tips of the young branches; pedicels 3 in., thick, woody. Sepals and petals as in the male. Stamens many,ifilaments slender, connate below. Ovary 4-8-celled. Stigma sessile, 8-rayed ; ovules solitary. Berry as large as an orange, smooth, dark purple; pericarp firm, spongy. Seeds large, flattened; aril very fleshy, white, juicy. : 2. G. cornea, Linn.; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, petiole 3 in., male 4. 3 in. diam. pale-green, stamens in a 4lobed mass, style short. DC. Prodr.i.561 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 629 ; Wight Ic.t. 105; Wall. Cat, 4852 in part ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 33; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttef. 170 ; [Lanes- san Mem, Garcin. 20), G. affinis, Wall. Cat. 4852, -3, and —4 in part, not of W. & A. Discostigma fabrile, Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 496 (Kurz wn Journ, As. Soc. Bengat, xxxix. p. 64). Eastern Beneat from Silhet to Tenasserim, Penang, and Malacca. — Disrrm,- Malay Archipelago. A smull tree; trunk erect, branches horizontal and pendulous. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., leathery, shining, often acuminate; veins stout, prominent, $-¢ in. apart, straight or forked, inarching with an intramarginal one. Mate fl. inodorous, in 3-9- flowered termigal fascicles, pedicels 1-14 in. Sepals orbicular, coriaceous. Petals ovate, concave, twice as long as the sepals and thinner. Staminal masses united at their base only. Hermara..fl. usually solitary, like the males; pedicel short, stout, terminal. | Stigma large, 4-6-lobed, glutinous. Berry subspherical, the size of a small orange, bright-red; pericarp spongy. Seeds enclosed in a white juicy very acid aril—aAll Cumming’s specimens marked 2296 are from Malacca, his 1124 are from the Philippines and referable to Blancos Cambogia venulosa (Garcinia, Choisy), differing in the large flowers, thick woody pedicels and many-lobed stigma. Wallich’s specimen G. affints, 4854) is the only Silhet one 1 have seen; other of his specimens ticketed (G. affinis belong to G. qnomala. [M. Lanessan, Mem. Garc. 21, reters this to G. celebica, Linn. There are twe,or more species or forms comprised under this description of @. cornea, one with narroyy leaves and very oblique veins, the other with bread leaves and much closer-set. veins more. spreading from the midrib. This last resembles in foliage the G. malaccense,.and.is apparently, common. in the Eastern Peninsula—J. D. H.] 3. G. speciosa, Wail. Pl. As. Rar. iii. t. 258; Cat. 4852 E; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong narrowed at both ends, petiole 2 in. thick angled, male fi. 14 in. diam. bright yellow. Chars, Guttif: Ind. 33 ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 171. Teyasserim, near Amherst;; Moutmein; Marrasan; Anpamay Island, Kurz. A tree about 50 ft., trunk straight, erect, 2 ft. diam.; bark thin, greyish-black. Leaves 5-i2 by 12-3 in., leathery. Mate fl. as in G. cornea but larger, and very fragrant. Femae fl. unknown.—Closely allied to G. cornea. [M. Lanessan, Mem. Garcin. 15, refers this species as a synonym to G. Mangostana.] ** Stamens of male flower in a central shortly-stalked 4-angled or columnar mass; anthers quadrate, dehiscing vertically ; rudimentary ovary usually 0. Garcinia,] XXIII, GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 261 + Male flower in 3-0.-fid, terminal and axillary fascicles ; fruit subglobose or ovoid, tp mamillar (unknown in G. baneana). 4, G. indica, Chois. in DC. Prodr. i561, (according to Lanessan Mem, Garcin. 45) ; leaves obovate- or oblong-lanceolate acute or acuminate, male edicels 1-15 in, fruit globose as large as an orange purple not furrowed. lanck. & Triam. Mem. Guttif. 183; Lanessun Mem. Garcin. 45. CG. pur- purea, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 624; Graham Cat. Bomb; Pl.25; Wight Ill. i. 125 ; Dat, & Grbs. Bomb. F1..31.; Beddome Flor. Syluat, Gen. xxi. ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Gruttif..191. G. celebica, Desrouss.in Lamk, Encyel. iii, 700; and Chois. Guttif. Ind..33 (not of Rumph.). Brindonia indica, Dupetit-Th. im Diet. Sc. Nat. v.. 340.. : Western Peninsuta; Ghats of Concan and Canara.—Disrar. Caltivated in Bom- bay, Mauritius, &e. (Z have seen no-specimen.) ; Aslender tree, with drooping branches. Leaves 24~34 in., dark-green, young red, membranous, mucronate rarely obtuse. Matz fl. 4-8 in axillary and. terminal fascicles ; buds as large as a pea. Sepals orbicular, outer smaller: Petals rather larger. Stamens numerous (12-20 Beddome), forming a short capitate column; anthers oblong, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Frm. fl. solitary, terminal, shortly and strictly peduncled. taminodes in 4 masses. Ovary 4-8-celled ; stigma of as many lobes. F'ruit spherical, as large as a small orange, purple throughout, not grooved. Seeds 5-8, compressed, enclosed in an acid pee. (Characters from Roxburgh, &e.) | ; I have followed Planchon and Triana and Lanessan in. referring the G. purpurea of Roxburgh (not of Herb. Wallich) to G. indica of Choiay,. a plant known frum early times as the Brindon of the Portuguese, and cultivated’ as such in Goa and the auritius. It was described by Garcias in 1574, by J. Bauhin in, 1623, and by Ray in 1688. Roxburgh states of his G. purpurea that it was sent to him by Dr. Berry * from a garden, and was supposed to come from the Eastern Archipelago. Grahatn (Cat. Pl. Bombay) says that G. purpurea, Roxb., is the Brindall of the Portuguese, is cultivated in the gardens of Bombay, and found wild in the ravines of Kandalla, &e. The juice of the fruit is used as a mordant, and the expressed oil of the seed is the Kokum vil of the natives, extensively used to adulterate Ghee. There are in the Hookerian Herbarium specimens from Lambert’s. Herbarium labelled as ace! Roxburgh, but they are imperfect; their leaves are rather small, elliptic, with very oblique somewhat distant nerves, and resemble those of G. Cambogia and G. Morella, and are perhaps referable to G. lancewfolia—J. D. H. 5. G. malaccense, Hook. f. ; leaves very coriaceous elliptic acuminate, nerves very fine spreading close-set_ connected beneath. by oblique nervules, male fl. i in. diam, stoutly pedicelled fascicled, female 13-2 in. diam., stamens in a dense stipitate conical column. Eastern Peninsuia; Malacca, Maingay, (G. cornea, Roxb., Kew distrib. 149.) Branches stout, 4-angled. Leaves 5-7 by 2-24 in., abruptly acuminate, hardly shining above, brown when dry; petiole §in. Mate fl. on stout pedicels 4-2 in., in terminal fascicles of 446. Sepals orbicular, concaye, Petals twice as long, dull-red, broadly ovate, shortly-clawed. Stamens: ey Beet densely imbricated in a narrow conical or pyramidal mass, filaments very short ; anthers adnate, ovoid, 2-celled, some oblong, otbers broader than long. Rudimentary ovary, 0. Fema.e fi. solitary, ter- minal, rose-coloured, Staminodes few. Ovary globuse, 8-celled ; stigma sessile, very large, convex, enveloping half the ovary, 8-cleft almost to the concave centre. fruit. Uunknown.—So like @. spectabilis that -but for the structure of the andreecium (which is cvnfirmed by Maingay’s caretul analysis), I should, have hesitated in separating it from. that plant, which again differs irom G. cornea chiefly in the much larger flower. Cumming’s 2296 from the same locality (referred by Choisy to G. venulosa of the. Philippines, and by T. Anderson to G. corzea) may be this same plant.—J. D. H. 6. G. Cambogia, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii, 701; leaves oblong elliptic or lanceolate dark green beneath, nerves very oblique, male pedicels. 262 XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia. A 3-4 in., rudimentary stigma 3-4-lobed or 0, fruit not grooved to the tip. Roxb. Corom, Pl. iii. t. 298; Fl. Ind. ii. 621; DC. Prodr. i. 561;. Wall, Cat. 4865, 4866, 4861 C, 4863 B; W. d& A. Prodr.i. 561; Chots. Guttyf. Ind. 35; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 177; Thwaites Enum. 48 ; [Lanessan Mem, Garcin. 362 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat.t.85], G.zeylanica, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 621 ; Wall. Cat, 4867; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 408). G. affinis, W. & A. Prodr. 101 (not of Wall. Cat. 4854). G. elliptica, Wall. Cat. 4869. Mountains of the Wesrern Pentsuxa, from Concan to Travancor; CEexLon. A small erect tree ; branches drooping. Leaves 2-5 by 4-13 in., dark green, shining, hardly coriaceous, shortly acuminate, base acute rarely obtuse ; midrib prominent to the middle; veins thick, usually very oblique, $ in. apart, reticulate; petiole }-3 in. Matz fi. in short axillary fascicles; pedicels thickened towards the tip, often reflexed. Sepals with narrow membranous margins, outer 4-4 in. long, inner larger. Petals twice as long as the sepals, thinner, oblong, concave. Stamens 12-20 or more, adnate to the receptacle into a mass with a prominent centre ; free part of filaments _J, in. long. Rudimentary stigmas 3-4, very short or 0. Hzrmapu. fl. 1-3, terminal and axillary, rather larger than the male; pedicels §-} in. Stamens 10-20, filaments unequal, all connate at the base or in unequal bundles. Stigmatic rays 8—10-tubercled, free nearly to the base, spreading. ruit the size of a small apple, yellow or red, grooves 6-8, ending about the middle; top flat, depressed, mamilla thick. Seeds 6-8; aril saccu- lent.—Roxburgh’s unpublished drawing (Herb. Calcutta and Kew) differs from that in the Coromandel plants in the usually axillary female flowers, with few terminal ones, and in the papillose scarcely divided stigma; differences of no specific value. Thwaites (Enum.) states that this yields a yellow insoluble gum, hence valueless as a pigment, but that the acid juice of the ripe fruit is used as a condiment.—[ G. indica, Chois (DC. Prodr. i. 561), founded on Thomas's Brindonia indica (Dict. Sc. Nat. v. 340), is pro- bably this species, but having seen no specimens I do not quote it, See No. 4.] ‘ [The following varieties or species are referred to G. Cambogia by Beddome (F. Sylv. en. Xxi.). Var. 1. conicarpa, Wight Ic. 121 (exel. 8), Ill. i. 126 (sp.); Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 192; Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 53 ; leaves broader beyond the middle or linear- la fruit ovoid-conical 4-grooved to the top, furrows angular.—Shevagerry hills, ight. ; Var. 2. papilla, Wight Ic. t. 960, 961 (sp.); Planch. & Trian. Guttif. Ind. 191; Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 50 ; leaves large elliptic, fruit ovoid 4-8-grooved to the top with 4 terminal mamilla—Conoor and Sisparah jungles, Wight. ] _ 7. G. Cowa, Roxb. Fi. Ind. ii. 622 ; leaves broad-lanceolate acute at both ends dark green beneath, male pedicels +5 in., rudimentary stigma 0, fruit grooved to thetip. DC. Prodr.i. 561; W.d& A. Prodr.i. 101; Chois, Guttif. Ind. 34 ; Planch. d& Trian. Mem. Guttif. 186 ; Wall. Cat. 4863 ; [Lanessan Mem. Garcin, 54.) G. Kydia, Roxb. lc. 623; Wight, Ic. t.118;(G. Kydiana, Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 59.) G. Roxburghii, Wight Ill. 125 (excl. syn. Cambogia Zey- lanice affinis), Zc. t.104. G. umbellifera, Roxb., Wall. Cat. 4864. G. Wallichii, Chois. 1c. 37. G. lobulosa, Wall. Cat. 4868 A; Chois l.c.36. Oxycarpus gangetica, Ham. in Mem. Wern, Soc. v. 344. Eastern Benaat; hills near Monghir; Assam; Easrern Peninsuna; ANDAMAN Islands, Kurz. An erect tree, 60 ft.; trunk straight, simple ; branches many, slender, lower reaching the ground; bark dark-grey. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in.; veins 2,4 in. apart, slender, regular, inarching with an intra-marginal one. Mate fl. in 8-8-flowered, rarely axillary umbels; pedicels 4-4 in. Sepals 4 in. long, broad-ovate, thick, fleshy, yellow, with pink on both surfaces. Petals twice as long, oblong. Stamens many; anthers sub- sessile, 4-celled. Hermaru. fl. solitary, rarely 2-3, axillary, sessile. Ovary subglobose; stigmatic rays spreading, papillose. Stamens (sterile) in 4 clusters of 3-8 unequal filaments. fruit. the size of a small orange, dark-yellow, 4-8-grooved and celled, de- pressed above, tip mamillary,—Wallich’s Sincapore specimens 4868 B are very im- . Garcinia, | XXIII, GUTTIFERH. (T. Anderson.) 263 «' perfect. The specimens under this number in Herb. Linn. Soc. consist of two branches with leaves and solitary terminal female flowers: the five leaves marked B are detached and can hardly be referred to G. Cowa, whilst the flowers certainly can.—[Lanessan retains G. Kydiana as a distinct species with G. Wallichiana, Choisy, and wmbellifera, Wall., as synonym.] 8. G. nigro-lineata, Planch, mss, ; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate acute at the base ferruginous beneath, male pedicels 3-3 in., rudimentary stigma 0. Easrern Peniysuza; Malacca, Grifith (Kew distrib. 854), and Maingay (Kew distrib. 152 and 162). : _A tree; branches often knotted ; bark dusky. Leaves 5-8 by 14-3 in., subcoriaceous, tapering to the base; veins many, delicate, 4,-4 in. apart, inarching with an intra- marginal one. Mate fl. 3-9, fascicled on short axillary woody nodes; pedicels 4-4 in., slender, thickened above. Sepals 25 in., fleshy, orbicular. Petals a little longer and thinner, concave, reflexed above the middle. Stamens in a shortly pedicelled 4-cornered compressed mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 4-celled. Femae fl, solitary, axillary. Ovary ovoid (5-7-celled, Maingay) ; stigma 5-7-lobed, lobes lobulate, papillose. [‘ Fruit subglobose, with a thick fleshy stipitate discoid apiculus, as large as « walnut, bright orange- yellow.” —Maingay.] j 91 G@. bancana, Miquel Flor. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 494; branchlets very stout, leaves broadly ovate or oblong tip road very coriaceous, veins numerous slender, petiole. 1 in., male ff. small shortly pedicelled in dense fascicles from axillary cushions that are clothed with lanceolate bracts. Eastern Peninsuta; Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 158).—Distrrs. Island of Banca. : Branchlets as thick as the little finger, 4-angled, black when dry, nodes very close set. Leaves 5-7 by 3-4 in., not shining, narrowed into the petiele, brown when dry, nerves uniform very slender, with oblique sinuous connecting nerves beneath; petiole not very stout. Mans fl. } in. diam., crowded on every node for a considerable length ;. pedicels # in. long’; bracts crowded, ~,—/, in. long, membranous, erect, red-brown. Sepals orbicular, outer smaller. Petals rather larger than the inner sepals, orbicnlar, , concave, not very coriaceous. Stamens forming a quadrate mass, without a rudimentary ovary ; anthers small, subsessile, 2-celled, peltate.—I find no difference between this plant and the Banca one except that the leaves are larger and the pedicels rather shorter. A very similar or identical plant is found in Borneo; its remarkable inflo- Tescence and bracts at once distinguish it.—J. D. H. ‘t+ Male flower terminal, solitary or geminate, rarely 3, fruit obovoid, unknown in G. loniceroides,— Leaves 2-4 in. 10. G. lancewfolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 623; leaves narrow-lanceolate acuminate subcoriaceous dark green, flowers 3 in. diam. Wight Ic. t. 163; Wall. Vat, 4861 A, B; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 36; Planch. & Trian, Mem. Guttif. 186 [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 48] G. purpurea, Wall, Cat, 4862, and Chots, 1c. 36 (not. of Roxburgh). Eastern Benaaw; in forests of Assam and Silhet. ? ok A small tree; bark dark, rough. Leaves 2-4 by 2-1 in., rather thick, tapering: at the base ; veins few, indistinct; petiole 2-3 in. Mate fl, 1-2, terminal, gee Sepals 4 in. long, thick, oblong, fleshy. Petals smaller, slightly oblique, esi red.. Stamens about 40, in a globose mass; anthers 4-celled. Femate fi. terminal or axi lary, rather larger than the male. Stamens in 4 bundles of 4-5 each. Ovary ovoid ; stig- . matic rays-6-8, glandularly tubercled. Fruit the size of a small plum, nerds not grooved, orange-yellow, 6~8-seeded.—[Lanessan refers G. oxyphylla, Pl. & Trian., to: this species.} : i 264 KxIUI, GUTTIFER#, (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia, 1L. G. loniceroides, 7 Anders, ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceo- late membranous glaucous beneath, flowers very small 3 in. diam. Brama, Griffith (Kew distrib. n: 870); Peau, at Tonkye ghat, Kurz. A shrub or small tree ; ‘branches slender, decussate, horizontal, old bark dark grey ; young shoots reddish purple. Leaves 2-4 by 4-} in., confined to the young shoots; veins slender, indistinct, irregularly branched and forked; petiole 4 in. Mare fl. rurely axillary, usually 3 or more; pedicels slender, 4 in. Sepals and petals ~y—yy in., thinly fleshy, broad-ovate, concave. Stamens many in a central sessile sub-4-gonal mass ; anthers subsessile, 2-celled. Rudimentary ovary 0. +tt Male flower in a terminal 3-chotomous paniole ; fruit smooth. 12, G. peduneulata, Roxb, Fi. Ind. ii. 625; leaves obovate obtuse long-petioled. Wall. Cat. 4860; Wight Ill. 125, Ic. t. 114, 115 ; Chots, Mem. Guitif. 35; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif, 192 ; [Lanessan Mem. Garein. 42), Forests of N.E. Beweat, near Rungpore and Goalpara, and in Silhet, where it is cultivated for its pleasant acid fruit. A tree about 60 ft.; bark spongy. Leaves 6-12 by 3-54 in. subcoriaceous; base acuté or acuminate ; midrib stout; veins 4 in. apart, regular, parallel, tips inarched and anastomosing ; petiole 1-1} in. Mae fi. large, pale green, in 8-12-flowered panicles; pedicels 2-3 in., stout, erect. Sepals 4 in., orbicular, fleshy, inner pair narrower. Petals narrower, but scarcely longer, oblong. Stamens in a 4-angled truncate shortly . stipitate mass ; anthers 4-gonal, 2-celled. Femaxe fi. solitary, larger than the male, terminal on a thick dangled peduncle 4 in. long. Stamens 20-30, filaments in 4 bundles, connate below. Ovary globose; stigmatic rays 8-10, spreading. Fruit large, yellow, the size of a small melon, Seeds 8-10, large, reniform ; aril succulent. tttt Male flowers several, in sessile terminal heads ; fruit echinate. 13. G. echinocarpa, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 71; Enum. 49 ; leaves lanceolate oblong or obovate acute or retuse base narrowed. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 193; [Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 33], Central and Southern provinces of Cuyion. A tree, 40-50 ft. Leaves 3-6 by 1-24 in, thickly coriaceous ; veins close, regular ; petiole stout, 1-1 in. Mace fl. small, sessile, pale yellow. Sepals thick, orbicular, sub- cordate. Petals twice as long, thinner, oblong, suboblique. Stamens 12 or more, ona short sub-4-gonous stalk; anthers subsessile, 4-angled. Frmaue fl. solitary, terminal, sessile. Stamens connate in a ring. Ovary covered with imbricate fleshy scales ; stigma peltate, irregularly lobed. Fruit 14 in. long, subglobose, dark-red, covered with broad sharp tubercles (like the Litchi fruit), 1-3-seeded.—The thick oil of the seed is used for lamps, but is not good. Var. 1. Leaves lanceolate-oblong acute, flowers small.—Forests, below 4000 ft. Var. 2. Leaves thickly coriaceous obovate or oblong retuse or obtuse, flowers large.— A mountain state, alt. 4-6000 ft. *** Stamens of the male flowers in a subglobose mass; anthers adnate, orbicular, dehiscence circumsciss, rudimentary ovary 0. (Male fl. axillary.) 14. G. Morella, Desrouss. in Lamk. Encycl. iii. 701, t. 405, f. 2; leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic-obovate to ovate-lanceolate obtuse, veins very oblique, petals longer than the inner sepals. DC. Prodr. i. 561 ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. ey 195; Hanbury im Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiv. 489, t. 50 [Beddome Flor. Sylvat.t. 86; Lanessan Mem. Garcin, 62]. G. lobulosa, Wall, Cat, 4868. G. pictoria, Roxb, FT. Ind, ii. 627; Wight Ic. t. 102 [Bed- dome Flor. Sylvat. t. 87]. G, elliptica, Wall. Cat. 4869; Wight Ic. t. 120. G. acuminata, Planch. & Trian., ic, 200. G. gutta, Wight 11, 125, t, 144 Garcinia.) XXII. GUITIFER&, (T. Anderson.) 265 (eacl, syn. Linn). G. cambogioides, Royle Mat." Med. Kd, iii, 339. Hebra- dendron cambogioides, Graham in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199, t. 27.] Forests of EAstern Benea; the Knasta Mrs.; the Western Peninsuta, in Malabar and Canara, and the Eastern Peninsuna at Malacca and Sincapore; Crrzon.—Dis- tris. Eastwards to Siam. j A small tree, 30-50 ft. Leaves 4-6 by 14-3 in., base acute, veins indistinct, $-} in. apart ; petiole about 4 in., short, stout. Mae fl. about 3, subsessile in the axils of fallen leaves, or on pedicels 4-}in. long. Sepals 3, in., orbicular, concave. Petals similar, but rather larger. Stamens many, in an obscurely 4-angled subglobose mass; free portion of filament very short ; anthers orbicular, flattened. Frmane fl, larger than the male, solitary, axillary, sessile or shortly pedicelled. *Staminodes abont 12, bases connate or ina ring. Ovary subglobose ; stigma large, sessile, 4-lobed, tubercled, lobes toothed. Fruit the size of a cherry, subglobose, slightly 4-lobed, 4-celled, 4-seeded— For an excellent memoir and accurate figure see Hanbury’s paper cited above. ‘The only Ceylon Gamboge-yielding species.” Thwaites. Much confusion has arisen from Planchon and Triana having examined only imperfect specimens of Wallich’s n. 4868. The specimens in the Linnean Society consist of 2 branches, with many attached leaves, « young leaf and a fruit, all certainly belonging to the true G. Morella.—, Lanessan adds, as other synonyms, G. laterifiora, Blum., and Gaudichaudi, Pl. & rian. Beddome keeps G. pictoria, Roxb., distinct from G@. Morella, Desrouss., on account of difference in the female flower, which he represents as having the staminodes in bundles and the stigma very small, 4-lobed in the centre. He states that the Gamboge pe ee analyzed by Mr. Broughton, and that it proves equal to that of G. Morella.— .D. HJ : 15. G. Choisyana, Wall. Cat. 4870; leaves membranous ovate acu- minate, petals twice as long as the sepals. Planch. & Trian, Mem. Gutii. 303. -Hebradendron Choisyanum, Chois. Guttif. Ind. 39. ‘Eastern Pentnsuna, Wallich. Leaves 4-5 by 2-24 in.; veins few, 4-3 in. apart, alternate, reticulate, anastomosing at the tips; petiole 4 in., slender. Mace fl. solitary ?, axillary, sessile, Sepals 3 in., broad ovate, scarious. Petals obovate, slightly concave. Stamens many, in a short mass, free portion of filament short; anthers irregular, more or less orbicular. Femaue ft, unknown. “16. G. heterandra, Wail. Cat. ‘4856 ; leaves thickly coriaceous ovate obtuse or obtusely acuminate, petals twice as long as the et Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 204. Hebradendron Wallichu, Chois, Guttf. Ind. 39. Forests of Peau and Tenasserm, ascending to 4000ft., Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 874). Young branches stout, with large axillary’flowering nodes. Leaves 6-8 by 3-4 in., base tapering; veins 4-1 in. apart, fuint, curved; petiole $-lin., stout. Mam fl. gic: diam., axillary, subsessile. Sepals thin, coriaceous, orbicular, Petals thick, fleshy. tamens in a globose central mass, free portions of filaments very short; anthers peltate. Famate 4. axillary, solitary, sessile. Immature fruit subglobose, 4-celled, 4-seeded ; stigmatic rays 4, sessile, tubercled—Choisy describes the male flowers as solitary, but I think the large scarred axillary nodes indicate their being fascicled. 17, G. Wightii, 7. Anders. ; leaves coriaceous linear-lanceolate acumi- nate, petals equalling the sepals. Forests of Sournern Inpia, Wight. (Distrib. Kew; Pl. Wight, 145.) Leaves 3-5 by 4-1 in.; veins very slender oblique; petioles 4-3 in. Mazz fl. small, sessile, axillary. Sepals equal, thinly coriaceous, orbicular, concave. Petals obovate, very concave. Stamens about 20, in a 4-gonal colunn enclosing a rudimentary 4-gonal style, filaments free above; anthers peltate, dehiscence oblique. Fama. i. solitary, sessile. Fruit the size of a small cherry; stigma 4-lobed.--The Gambuge of this species is very soluble, and yields a good pigment. 266 XXIII, GUTTIFERH. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia, Series B. Stigma entire. * Stamens of the male flowers in a globose central mass’; anthers 2-4-celled, dehiscing vertically (unknown in 19. atro-viridis). Stigma convex. 18, G. paniculata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 626 ; leaves thin oblong-lanceolate or obovate, male fl. in twice or thrice branched panicles, female in short terminal spikes, Waght Ili. 125, Ic. t. 112; Wall. Cat. 4857; Chors. Guttif. Ind. 35; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 194 [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 60]. G. Bhumicowa, Roxb. ; Wall. Cat. 4858. es ie Bexeat; Khasia Mts., ascending to 3000 ft.; Easrern Hiazaya, Bhotan, ‘oath. A tree, about 40 feet; branches many, ascending. _ Leaves 6-9 by 2-4 in., shining, acuminate, rarely obtuse, base tapering; veins 3 in. apart, curved ; petiole $in. Mare fl. many, pure white. Outer sepals small, thick, inner 4, in. Petals 3 times longer, ovate, very concave. Stamens many, subsessile, imbricate in a large subglobose mass ; anthers obovate, 2-4-celled. Fremaxe fl. few, like the males. Staminodes 0, or 1-2 fila- ments. Ovary subglobose; stigma convex, entire, tubercled. J’ ruct the size of a large cherry, yellow, succulent. Seeds 4, reniform, aril pulpy. ‘ 19. G. atro-viridis, Grif. mss. ; leaves coriaceous oblong-lanceolate, female fl. solitary terminal. Uprer Assam, at Tabong, Griffith. (Herb. Kew Distrib. 862). Maxacca, Maingay. Young branches stout, terete ; bark black when dry. Leaves 6-9 by 2-23 in., thickly coriaceous, dark green, sbining, abruptly acuminate, base contracted ; veins @ in. apart, prominent on both surfaces, anastomosing along the margin; petiole 1in. Frmave fl. large, 1} in. diam. ; pedicel 1in. Sepals spreading, large, orbicular, concave, blood-red within. Petals obovate, fleshy, coloured like the sepals, tip recurved. Stamens united below into a ring. Ovary subangled, 10-celled; stigma sessile sub-4-gonal, minutely tubercled, broader than the ovary.— Ovary 9-celled ; stigma closely adherent to the ovary, large, orbicular, convex, blood-red, feshy, margin obscurely lobed. Ripe fruit 3 in. long, subglobose, base slightly 9-lobed, dull yellow, crowned by the at length con- cave stigma,” —Maingay mss. 20. G. Griffithii, 7. Anders, ; leaves_very large ovate or ovate-cordate, obtuse, nerves distant. Eastern Penrnsuta, Mt. Ophir near Malacca, Grifith (Kew Distrib. 361); Main- gay (Kew Distrib. 153). A tall tree ; young branches 4-gonous, pale green. Leaves 12-18 by 4-64 in., coria- ceous ; midrib stout, rigid, angled ; veins very prominent, 3 in. apart, tips free. Mate fl. numerous, small, bright yellow, in very short axillary woody branches, pedicels 2 in. Sepals #, in. long, concave, fleshy. Petals a little larger, oblong, ‘“dull-red,” Maingay. Stamens many, in a sub-4-gonal sessile flattened mass; anthers subsessile, 2-celled. Rudimentary ovary 0. Frmaxe fl.: “ Ovary 12-celled; style very short, stigma peltate slightly convex obscurely lobed at the margin, rough with elevated papilla, persistent. /ruit pomiform faintly ribbed, 2 in. in longest diam. Seed two-thirds pen- dulous.’’— Maingay. [There is in Maingay’s Herbarium a plant very like this in habit, but described by him as having a circumsciss anther, which is cultivated at Sincapore as the true Gam- boge of Siam.] ** Stamens of the male flower in an annular mass round the rudimentary ovary ; anthers 2-celled, dehiscence vertical, Stigma broad, discoid, centre depressed, 21, G. anomala, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 174; leaves coriaceous elliptic or oblung-lanceolate shortly acuminate, male and female fi, in brac- teate 3-flowered cymes. [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 30.] G. affinis, Wall. Cat. 4854 in part, not of W. & A.—Guttifera, Grif. It. Notes, 40, No. 654, Garcinia. | XXIII, GUTTIFERE, (T. Anderson.) _ 267 Easrrrn Benca; Jyntea Hills and Khasia Mts., Wallich, &c., in beds of torrents, 3000-5000 ft. elevation. (Kew Distrib. Herb., Griffith, 848); (Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. & T. Garcinia, 14). A small erect tree, branches subverticillate. Leaves 4-8 by 2-34 in., dark green; veins close-set, anastomosing within the margin; petiole 4-2 in. Cymes in the axils of the upper leaves, rather exceeding the petioles; pedicels short, stout; bracts under each flower 2, leafy, tin. long. Mate fl.: Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals 4 in. long, obliquely oblong, suberect, slightly concave. Stamens very numerous, mass subglobose concealing the rudimentary ovary; anthers large, horse-shoe shaped. Femate fl. like the male, but 4 smaller. Staminodes many, united into a lobed ring or into bundles. Ovary oblong ; stigma broad, discoid, edge revolute, slightly lobed. Fruit the size of a oe subglobose, smooth, dark olive-green, crowned by the short-thick style, 1-2- seeded, 22. G. Maingayi, Hook. f. ; leaves 4-6 in., elliptic obtusely apiculate petioled, nerves distant spreading arched distinct, interspaces covered with minute wavy irregular raised points and lines, flowers about 2 in ‘diam. ’ Eastern Pentnsuta, Malacca, Maingay, (Kew Distrib. No. 161 $ and 160 ¢). A small tree; branches obtusely angled. Ledves coriaceous, very pale-brown when dry, not shining, narrowed into the petiole, which is $in. long; nerves 3-4 in. apart. Mate fl. in terminal fascicles, shortly pedicclled. Sepals broader than long, outer smaller than the inner. Petals larger than the sepals, shortly clawed. Stamens very numerous, filaments connate into a short column; anthers in very many series sur- rounding a columnar rudimentary ovary with a discoid top, linear, recurved, 2-celled. Femate fl. solitary, terminal, subsessile. Perianth of the male. Staminodes few, slen- der, inserted on a hypogynous ring. Ovary globose, half-coucealed by-the large convex entire stigma, 4—6-celled.—Muaingay describes the stigma as marginally 3-4-lobed, but it appears to be quite entire in the dried specimens.—J. D. H. 23, G. stipulata, 7. Anders, ; leaves thickly coriaceous elliptic-oblong stipulate, male flowers in 4—6-flowered cymes, female solitary or geminate. Guttifera, Grif. It, Notes, 117 n. 261. . Eastern Himaraya, in moist subtropical forests, Bhotan, Grifith (Kew. Distrib. 860) Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft., J.D. H. (Herb. H. f. & T. Garcinia, 17.) ; A tree, about 60 ft ; bark smooth, branches slender. Leaves 6-12 by 14-8 in., dark green, thickly coriaceous, yellow-green ; midrib and nerves prominent, the latter alternate, distant, incurved, reticulate ; petiole 3 in. ; stipules small, triangular. Mare fl. 4-6 in each cyme; pedicels $in., stout; bracts scale-like. Sepals orbicular, concave, outer in. inner } in. broad. Petals twice as long, obliquely ovate, acute. Stamens many, in an annular mass; free portion of filaments very short. Femaze fl, like the male, axillary, solitary, shortly pedicelled. Fruit } in. long, oblong, smooth, shortly pointed, 2-celled and 2-seeded ; stigma orbicular, tubercled, margin revolute. Seeds flattened, oblong, testa strongly nerved.—Planchon and Triana refer the flowers of the Herb. Ind. Or. a f, & T. specimens of this to G. speciosa (1.c. 172 in note), and state that they cannot reconcile the venation and stipulation of the leaves distributed with them with any Guttifere: but the tribe Quinec, and therefore refer these to a plant of that said tribe. 1 have however examined the living plant in Sikkim, and it is certain that there was no error in the distribution of the Indian specimens, ; ¥#* Stamens of the male flowers in 4 bundles ; anther-cells dehiscing by terminal pores, or by 2 erect valves ; stigma peltate smooth, 24. G. merguensis, Wight Jil. 122, Ic. t. 116; leaves lanceolate elliptic or ovate with a long obtuse or notched tip, flowers axillary, male cymose, female solitary or in pairs, Wall, Cat. 1948. [Lanessan Mem. Garcin. 57, excl, syn.) Discostigma merguense, Planch, & Trian, Mem, Guttif, 208, 268 XXIII. GUTTIFERZ. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia, Eastern Peniysvia; in dense woods from Mergui to Malacca. . ‘ A small tree or shrub, young branches sub-4-gonal. Leaves 2-4 by 1-13 in., thinly coriaceous ; veins below very close set, delicate, ending in a stout intramarginal one; petiole 4-3 in. Maze fl. numerous; cymes 4-Jin. long; pedicels }in., 4gonal Outer sepals small, bract-like; inner 2 in., thin, membranous, concave. Petals like the inner sepals, concave. Stamens many, in 4 distinct bundles, each bearing a head of anthers on short filaments; anthers small, 2-celled. Rudimentary stigma large fangoid ; style equalling the staminal bundles. Femaxe fl. on pedicels 3-1 in. Fruit $4 in. long, oblong, fleshy. Seed solitary, subreniform. 25. G. travancorica, Beddome Flor, Sylvat, t. 173; leaves 23-3} in, linear-oblong, tip rounded, base acute, nerves very slender horizontal, surface finely reticulated beneath between them, petiole slender, flowers } in. diam. Garcinia, sp. 2, Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi. Western Peninsuxa, in forests of Travancor and Tinnivelly, Beddome. ‘A large tree, abounding in a yellow pigment; branches obtusely 4-angled, shining. Leaves coriaceous, sometimes broader upwards, dark green above, not shining, pale beneath, with a stout reddish (when dry) midrib, and beautifully reticulated surface ; margins recurved; petiole }-$in. Mazz fl. in 3-chotomous, short, few-flowered terminal and subterminal cymes. Sepals orbicular, concave. Petals about twice as large, shortly clawed. Stamens in 4 large masses; anthers very numerous, versatile, 2-celled, cells longitudinally 2-valved. Rudimentary ovary columnar, with a circular peltate stigma. Femare fl. terminal, subsolitary. Perianth of the male. Staminodes few, slender, inserted in a hypogynous ring. Ovary globose, half concealed by the large convex obscurely lobed stigma, Fruit as large as a walnut, subglobose, contracted into a short as ee with a broad imtricate stigma 4 in. diam. Seeds few, large, shining.— 26. G. terpnophylla, 7'hwaites Enum. 406 ; leaves lanceolate acute or acuminate with an obtuse tip, flowers axillary, male in short subumbellate fascicles, females solitary or in pairs. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen, xxi. Terpnophyllum zeylanicum, Thwaites in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. 70, t. 2, £1, Anum. 49. Discostigma zeylanicum, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 209. Central province of Ceyton, ascending to 4000 ft., Thwaites. A middle-sized tree, young foliage a a Leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in., coriaceous ; midrib prominent, veins 4 in. apart, inarching at the tips with an intramarginal one. Mate fl. in diam.; pedicels [ in. Stamens many, in 4 [2-4 Beddomej very short spreading bundles, adnate to the basal keel of the petals; anthers sessile. Rudimentary ovary a small papilla, Femace fl.: Staminodes scale-like. Ovary 2-celled; stigma ae partially lobed. /utt 2 in. long, obliquely ovoid, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—In the ower I have examined the stamens are In 4 equal bundles, as in its allies of this section, and not on a lobed disk as represented in Journ. Bot. l.c. Var. acuminatum ; leaves with a long tapering obtuse point. Discostigma acumi- natum, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 209. 27. G. eugeniefolia, Wall. Cat. 4873 ; leaves broadly lanceolate acute . ap male flowers in short dense axillary cymes, females subum- elled. Eastern Pentnsuna; Sincapore, Wallich (7491); Malacca, Grifith, Maingay. A small tree very like G. ner uci, but with large broader leaves, finely and closely veined beneath like a Calophyllum. Maxx fl. as in merguense but smaller, in short dense cymes. Staminxal bundles distinct, suberect, free part of filaments very short; an- thers very small, Style slender, as long as the stamens. JFeEmae fi. in 4-10-flowered short subumbelled cymes. Sepals minute, scale-like. Petals smaller, margins ciliate. Staminodes 0? Ovary short, terete; stigma broad, peltate with revolute entire mar- gins.—I cannot agree with Triana and Planchon in referring Discostigma rostratum, Garcinia, | EXIU. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 269 Haask. to thig. Helfer states that the stem exudes a green varnish, and Griffith de-’ scribes the juice of the fruit as milky. Suscenus IL Manthoehymus, Roxb. (Gen.). Sepals and Petals 5, very rarely 4, Fulaments connate-in 5, rarely 4 erect distant pedicelled spathulate bodies, antheriferous at the top, free portions very short, in- curved ; anthers small didymous. 28, G. Xanthochymus, Hook. /. ; leaves large linear-oblong or oblong- lanceolate acute or acuminate, male fl. fascicled 4 in. diam. shortly pedi. celled. Xanthochymus pictorius, Roa. Corom, Pl. ii. 51, t. 196, Fl. Ind. ii. 633, X. tinctorius, DC. Prodr, i. 562 ; Chois. Guttif. Ind. 32; Planch. & Lrian. Mem. Guttaf. 149 ; W. & A. Prodr. 102; Wall. Cat. 4837. Eastern Benoan and the Easrern Himanaya, from Sikkim to the Khasia Mts. and to Birma: @Asrern Peninsoua, Penang and the Andaman‘Islds.; Wesrern PEninsua, the Circars, Roxburgh, and from the Bombay Ghats southward. A middling sized tree; trunk straight; branches drooping, angular. Leaves 9-18 by 2-4 in., coriaceous, shining, veins }~4 in. apart, reticulated; petiole 1 in., ragose. Mare fis. ¢ im. diam., in 4-8-flowered fascicles, from the axils of fallen leaves, white; pedicels thickened, 1-1} in. Sepals 3 in., orbicular, concave, fleshy, unequal. Petals } in., orbicular, spreading, thin. Stamens in 5 broad bundles of 3-5, alternating with 5 fleshy glands, anthers 2-celled. Hurmaru. fl. like the male. Ovary ovoid, pointed, usually 5-celled; stigmatic lobes 5, oblong, spreading, entire. Frat the size of an apple, sub- globose, pointed, dark yellow. Seeds 1-4, oblong.— Yields a large quantity of indifferent gamboge (Roxburgh). The elosely allied X. dulcis, Roxb., of the Indian Archipelago has a round-tipped fruit. There are in Helfer’s Tenasserim Herbarium imperfect spe- cimens of a plant much resembling this, but with pubesecnt branchlets. “ A very variable species in ts shape of the leavis, and length of the peduncles and pedicels; it yields a tenacious gum of no value.” — Thwaites. ; ' 99. G. ovalifolius, Hook.f. ; leaves ovate elliptic-oblong or lanceolate or suborbicular retuse obtuse or acute, male fl. spiked or fascicled, sepals ciliolate. Xanthochymus ovalifolius, Roab. FU. Ind. ii.632; W.d& A. Prodr. 102; Wall. Cat. 4838 ; Chows. Guttif. Ind. 32; Planch. & Trian. Mem, Guttif, 149; Thwaites Enum. 49. Stalagmites ovalifolius, G. Don. Wesreen Pentsvta; in forests of the Circars, Roxburgh; Cxyion, ascending to 3000 ft.—Disrris. Java? A middling-sized tree. Leaves 31-84 by 13-3} in., shining ; nerves numerous, slender, arched with many oblique transverse nervules; petiole }-4 in. Flowers 3-3 in. diam., 6 and 9 often mixed in one fascicle, but usually the females are fascicled and the males often spiked, the spikes sometimes running ont to 4 inches long, with fascicles of flowers throughout theirlength. Maz fl.: Sepals 4, coriaceous, orbicular, half as large as the membranous orbicular concave petals. Stamens in 5 long-clawed spathulate fascicles ; anthers few (6-10) didymons., Femate fl. usually on much longer pedicels than the male. Staminodeg 5, small, with effete anthers. Ovary globose, 8-4-celled; style very short ; stigma 5-lobed to the middle. Fruit broadly oblong ; size of a walnut, smooth, ma green, 1-3-seeded.—A very similar species inhabits Java, but has always acute leaves. Var. 1. ovalifolia proper ; leaves obtuse, 3 flowers fascicled }-3in. diam.—Ceylon and Western Peninsula. \ Var. 2. spicata; leaves obtuse, ¢ in long or short spikes, flowers as in var. 1. Xan- thochymus spicatus, W. & A. Prod. 102; Wall. Cat. 346 A.—Western Peninsula. Var. 3. macrantha; leaves obtuse, 3 flowers large 2-1 in. diam. fascicled, anthers 8-12 in each bundle.—Xanthochymus ovalifolius? Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxi.— Western Ghats. Var. 4. acutifolia; leaves acute, flowers as in var. 1. ; ’ . I can detect no further differences than the above between vars. 2, 3, and 4 G., ovali- folia. Beddome gtates that var. 3 hag a different habit.—J. D. H. 270 XXIU. GuTTIFERH. (T. Anderson.) [ Garcinia, 30. G. Andersoni, Hook.f ; leaves very large 1-2 ft. oblong thickly coriaceous subacute rounded or cordate at the base, nerves numerous strong, flowers large, fascicled, pedicels very stout long, sepals pubescent. Easrern Pentnsuta; Malacca, Griffith, littoral (“Koondon Belookar’), Maingay (Kew distrib. 157, G. macrophylla, 7. And. ms.) Branchlets as thick as the middle finger, acutely 4-angled, almost winged when dry: green. Leaves by far the largest of the genus, often 2 ft. by 9 in., very variable in breadth, nerves very numerous and prominent, meeting in a strong intramarginal one, interspaces reticulate; petiole 1-2 in., very stout. Mare fl. unknown. Fem. fl. 2 in. diam., in axillary many-flowered fascicles; pedicels very stout, 2 in., seated on a sub- globose axillary cushion. Sepals 5, intricate, leathery, orbicular, concave, two outer smaller, all minutely pubescent at the back. Petals three times as large as the sepals, orbicular, concave, contorted in bud. Disk very large, of 5 thick fleshy pitted Giliate glands, between each of which is a minute staminode with about 5 imperfect anthers. Ovary globose, narrowed into a distinct style, 4-5-celled ; stigma cleft to the base into 4-5 linear-oblong obtuse rays. ‘‘ Fruit very large, pomiform, crowned by the stigma, normally 5-celled,” Maingay.—This species was incompletely. characterized by Dr. Anderson from Griffith’s specimens under the mss. name of Garcinia? macrophylla ; I have now redescribed it from Maingay’s more complete specimens, and in so doing given the name of my late friend the monographer of the Indian Guttiferee to what is certainly by far the noblest species of the genus. Griffith in his notes attached to the specimen, describes the perianth as 4-merous, but I find it is always 5-merous.—J. D. H. Dovstrut Species. G. succrronta, Kurz in Journ. Beng. As. Soc. xli. pt. 2, of which the female flower and fruit are not known. It is a native of Martaban. 2, OCHROCARPWS, Thouars, (Calysaccion, Wight.) Trees with coriaceous leaves and axillary polygamous flowers. Calyx closed before flowering, at length opening into 2, rarely 3, valves or sepals. Petals 4-7 or more. Stamens indefinite, filaments filiform, free or shortly connate below ; anthers erect, oblong or linear, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 2-celled ; style'short, stout, stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Berry 1-4-seeded. Seeds large; embryo of a large fleshy tigellus with the cotyledons reduced to a small mamilla or 9.—Disteip, A small genus of W. Africa, Madagascar, and India. 1, O. longifolius, Benth. &. Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i, 980: leaves linear- oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse, pedicels fascicled, petals acute. Beddome Flor, Sylvat, t. 89. Calysaccion longifolium, Wight ZU. i. 130, Jc. t. 1999. Mammea longifolia, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 216. Calophyllum longifolium, Wall. Cat. 4851. C. chinense Walp. ? ex Seemann in ‘Bonplandia. Forests of the Wesrarn Pryiysuua from Canara to the Concan. A middling-sized tree ; young branches terete, youngest 4-gonous. Leaves 6-8 by 2-24 in., thickly coriaceous, dark-green, base rounded, midrib stout prominent, veins few, indistinct, Med slender, united by innumerable venules which give the dried leaf a very beautifully lacunose appearance ; petiole short, stout, 2 in. Flowers 2 in. diam., on nodes clothed with subulate bracteoles in the axils of fallen leaves; buds globose; pedicels 1in., slender. Calyx bursting into 2 valves, reflexed during flowering. Petals 4, thin, deciduous, white. Stamens many, Style subulate ; stigma, broad, discoid. Fruit 1 in. long, obliquely ovoid, tipped by the hard pointed style, stipitate, l-seeded. [Flowers often hermaphrodite in cultivation, and used for dyeing silk.—_Beddome.] 2, O. siamensis, T. Anders. ; leaves linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate obtuse, pedicels 1-2 rarely fascicled, petals rounded at the tip. Ochrocarpus.) XXIII, GUTTIFERH. _ (T. Anderson.) 271 Mammea siamensis, 7, Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 261. Calysaccion siamense, Miquel in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i, 209.- Dry hills in Peav and Arracan, M‘Clelland, Kurz.—Disrrr. Siam. Very similar indeed to O. longifolius, but the tlowers are fewer in a fascicle, the petals obtuse, and the fruit narrower and more pointed.—Flowers sweet. Fruit 1} in. long, ovoid, mucronate, glabrous. 3. CALOPHYLLUM, Linn. Trees. Leaves opposite, shining, coriaceous, with innumerable parallel slender veins at right angles to the midrib. Flowers polygamous, in numerous axillary or terminal panicles. Sepais and petals 4-12, imbricate in 2-3 series. Stamens very many, filaments filiform often flexuous, free or connate below ; anthers erect, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled; style slender, stigma peltate ; ovule solitary, erect. Drupe with a crustaceuus putamen. Seed erect, ovoid or globose, testa thin, or thick and spongy.—Disrriz, About 25 species, chiefly tropical Asiatic with a few American. A. Sepals 4, Petals 0 (or Sepals 2, Petals 2). See also C. Wightianum.— Apoterium, Blume Bijd. 218. * Flowers in short racemes, racemes sometimes panicled and terminal, usually - axillary. 1. ©. spectabile, Willd.; DC. Prodr. i. 562; leaves large (6-14 in.) oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate, margins usually undulate, racemes sub- umbellate few-flowered glabrous axillary or in subterminal leafy panicles. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43, in part ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 238; Wight 1Ul.i. 128, C. tetrapetalum, Roxb. FU. Ind, ii. 608. C, Moonti, Wight Ili. i. 129, Ic. t. iii, ; Wall. Cat. 4841 D, 4842, 4843, 4849 C; Z'hw. Enum. 52; Beddome Flor, Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. cymosum, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat, Suppl. i. 497. Forests of the Eastern Penrnsuia, Penane, and Ceyton.—Disreis. Java, Fiji, and Society Islands. A tall tree; young shoots 4-gonal, often clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 6-14 by 2-5 in., base acute; veins many, close-set, equally prominent on both surfaces; etiole 4-1 in., stout. lowers few, 4 in. diam.,in short racemes. Sepals 4, orbicular, Petals 0. Fruits spherical or ovoid ; pedicel 1 in., stout, glabrous.—Roxburgh describes the leaves of C. tetrapetalum as being finely serrulate. : 2. C.canum, Hook. f. ; leaves (6-7 in.) linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate shining, racemes in very stout terminal many-flowered hoary-pubescent panicles, pedicels short stout. , Eastern Peninsuta; Malacca, Maingay. Branches robust, woody, subcylindric. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, obtusely acuminate, red-brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, especially above, base acute, margin not thickened, a little waved; nerves extremely close, uniform on both surfaces; petiole 454 in. Panicles terminal, of many short opposite stout racemes 1-2 in. long, rachis and branches stout. lowers rather crowded, 3 in. diam. Sepals 4, outer coriaceous broadly ovate obtuse concave, hoary-pubescent externally, inner twice as large orbicular concave, almost membranous. Petals 0. Stamens excessively numerous, and style equalling the inner sepals; anthers linear—Very like C. Wallichii, but the leaves are apparently never tomentose beneath, and there are no petals—J. D. H. 3, C. pulcherrimum, Wall. Cat. 4848 ; leaves 1-2 in. ovate-lanceolate, petiole Z-in., racemes axillary few-flowered glabrous, pedicels very slender. Chois, Guttif. Ind, 41; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Gutirf. 246, C. gracile and 272 XXIII. GUTTIFERZ. (T. Anderson.) — [ Calophyllum. C. bancanum, Miquel Fl. Ned. Ind. Supe i. 498 and 499, and C. plicipes, 1. anoeig to Kurz in Journ, As, Soc. Bengal, xxxix. pt. 2, 64). C, mesuzx- olium, Wall. Cat, 4850. Eastern Pentnsuua, Sincapore and Malacca.—Disrrw. Sumatra, Banca, Branches slender, terete, shoots. 4-gonal. Leaves 1-24 by 3-14 in., rigid, thin, ob- tusely acuminate, base tapering acute; veins slender on both surfaces; petiole 4-4 in., slender. Racemes from the axils of the oldest leaves, slender, glabrous, few-flowered A pedicels 4 in., very slender. Sepals all equal, broadly ovate. Petals 0.—Of Wallich’s C. mesucefolium only a branch with a few leaves are known. ; Var. oblongifolium ; leaves 13-24 in. oblong, tip rounded. Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 173.) 4. ©. Burmanni, Wight Jil. i. 129, Ic. t. 107, 188 ; leaves small (1-2 in.) elliptic-ovate ; tip rounded, racemes small axillary few-flowered glabrous, Planch & Trian. Mem. Giuttif. 233 (not of Seemann £1. Viti.) ; Thwaites Enum. 52; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Glen. xxii. Hotter parts of Ceyxon, at no great elevation. Young shoots 4-gonal, clothed with ferruginous tomentum. Leaves 14-23 by 1-1} in, thinly coriaceous, tip scarcely emarginate, finely and equally veined on both surfaces; petiole 3-2 in. Racemes slender. Flowers scarcely } in. diam., pedicels long slender. Sepals 4, orbicular-ovate. Petals 0. Fruit nearly 3 in. diam., sub-globose [reddish- brown, Beddome].—Wight’s var. 8 parvifolium passes so gradually into the typical , form as hardly to deserve recognition as a distinct form. 5. C. floribundum, Hook. f.; leaves 1-2 in. elliptic-lanceolate ob- tusely acuminate margin thickened, petiole 4-4 in., racemes glabrous in most of the axils, pedicels 4-3 in. Eastern Penrnsuna; Malacca, Maingay. (Kew distrib. 170, 172, &? 171.) Mucb-branched, everywhere glabrous ; branchlets 4-angled, strict. Leaves coriaceous, pale when dry, hardly shining, nerves close-set uniform on both surfaces. Racemes erecto-patent, about half as long as the leaves, 6-8-flowered, pedicels spreading. Flowers 2 in. diam., opposite. Sepals 4, outer broadly ovate, subacute, inner broadly obovate, tips rounded, membranous, veined. Petals 0. Stamens very numerous and style-hardly exceeding the sepals. F'ruit unknown.—J. D. H. 6. C. retusum, Wall. Cat. 4846 ; leaves 1-2 in. ovate or ovate-oblong, tip rounded, petiole short downy, racemes axillary slender pubescent to- wards the base. Chows. Guttif.Ind, 41 (excl. synonym) ; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 237. C. amcenum, Wall. Cat, 4849. _C. Burmanni var. bracteatum, Wight £1.i.129. C. pisiferum, Planch. & Trian. l.c. 266. Eastern Peninsvuxa, from Martaban to Sincapore, Griffith, (Kew distrib. 876, 881.) An erect much-branched, densely-leafy shrub ; shoots clothed with ferruginous down. Leaves 1-2 by }-1 in., coriaceous; veins most prominent on the upper surface; petiole $4 in., downy. Hacemes in the axils of the lower and fallen leaves, few-flowered, slender, erect; peduncle ferruginous towards the base. Flowerg small, glabrous. Sepals 4, din. long, ovate-oblong. Letals 0. -Anthers minute, ovoid. Fruit pisiform, deep yellow, pericarp thin, *% Flowers solitary or in pairs. 7. C.microphyllum, 7. Anders. ; leaves obovate or cuneate-obovate obtuse or retuse, flowers few glabrous. Kasrern Peninsuna, near the top of Mt. Ophir, Grifith, Lobb, Maingay (Kew distrib. n. 165). ; ; A glabrous shrub; branches many, short, slender, leafy; shoots 4gonal. Leaves 3-14 by 3-} in. tapering to the truncate base; veins.prominent on both surfaces; petiole 7y-g in. lowers in the upper axils, minute; pedicels 4} in., slender, Calophy lum. ] XXIII, GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 273 recurved, 2 bracteolate at the base. Sepals 4, suborbicular, all nearly equal. Petals 0. Fruit (immature) pisiform, tipped by the persistent style. B. Sepals 4. Petals 4 (rarely 3, or O in U. Wightianum, or 8 in C. cordato- oblongum, cuneifolium and Walkeri). * Racemes shorter than the leaves, except O. polyanthum. 8. C.inophyllum, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 562; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or ébovate-oblong obtuse or emarginate shining, inner sepals petaloid. Chois, Guttyf. Ind. 42; Planch, & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 254; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 606; W.d A. Prod.103; Wight Ill. i, 128, Ic. t.77; Wall. Cat. Pe B, C, D, E, F; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C, Bintagor, Roxb. .c. 607, Western Pentnsuta; from Concan and Orissa southwards; Czyton; Eastern Pentnsua, from Pegu southwards; ANDAMAN Istawps.—Disrris. E. African Islands, Malay Archipelago, Australia, Polynesia.—Cultivated throughout India. A middling-sized tree; bark grey, smooth. Leaves 4-8 by 3-4 in., coriaceous, shin- ing on both surfaces ; veins many, fine; petiole 4-1} in. Racemes in the upper axils, loose, 4-6 in. long, shorter than the leaves, lax, few-flowered. Flowers’ 2 in. diam., pure white, fragrant; pedicels slender, 1-2 in. Sepals 4. Petals 4, like the inner sepals. Stamens numerous, filaments in 4 bundles. Ovary globose, stipitate ; style much exceeding the stamens, stigma peltate lobed. Fruit 1 in. diam., globosé, smooth, yellow, pulpy —Rumph and Blume say that the petals are sometimes 6-8. Wood cuarse-grained but valuable. Seeds afford lamp oil. 9, C. Wallichianum, Planch, & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 249 ; young parts tomentose, leaves long-petioled narrow-oblong acute or obtuse, racemes ubescent on the rachis or throughout, sepals subequal. C. tetrapetalum, all. Cat. 4843, not of Roxburgh. Eastern Peninsuua ; from Penang to Sincapore, Wallich, &c. Young branches sub-4-gonal, or cylindric, and buds rusty tomentose... Leaves 6 by 1-1} in., acute or subacute at the base, margins flat or waved; midrib puberulous; veins cluse-set, somewhat prominent on both surlaces; petiole 1-1} in. Racemes axillary or terminating short branches, few-flowered, half the length of the leaves, rusty pubescent ; peduncle and pedicels glabrous. Flower ? in. diam. Sepals ovate-oblong, glabrous or pubescent. Petals 4, oblong. Filaments slender Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Fruit globose, size of a cherry.—Griffith’s Malacca, 880, may be this, but consists of a young flowerless branch only, the leaves are rusty-pubescent beneath, as are Maingay’s 10. ©. Griffithii, 7. Anders, ; quite glabrous, leaves oblong or elliptic- oblong acute or obtuse, veins stout with a strong intramarginal one, racemes glabrous, sepals subequal. Easrern Peninsuca ; Malacca, Griffith. A glabrous tree; young shoots 4-gonal, older cylindric. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., tip often rounded, base acute, coarsely veined on both surfaces; petiole 4 in. aremes axillary, few-flowered, glabrous, much shorter than the leaves. lowers 4 in. diam., glabrous. Petals 4. ll. C. macrocarpum, Hook. /. ; quite glabrous, leaves linear-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate narrowed into a slender petiole, racemes not half the length of the leaves, pedicels 1-13 in., flowers 1 in. diam., petals narrow much longer than the sepals. ; Eastern Penrnsuta; Malacca, Maingay (C. Griffithit, Kew distrib. 174). . Branches robust; branchlets sharply 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., ver coria- ceous, shining above, hardly so beneath ; nerves very strong; petiole 1-1} in. Hacemes axillary, 2-4 in. long, 6-10-flowered; rather minutely puberulous. Sepals 4,2 outer - broadly oblong, obtuse, very concave ; 2 inner twice as long, petaloid, oblong, obtuse. VOL, 1. T 274 XXIII. GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) — [Calophyllum, Petals 4, much longer than the inner sepals, linear-spathulate. Stamens very short, Fruit (according to Maingay’s drawing) 5 in. long, ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, smovth.—J. D. H. 12. GC. polyanthum, Wall. Cat. 4844; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate, margins waved, racemes terminal glabrous, outer sepals very small. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 43; Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttyf. 250. Eastern Beneat; Khasia Mts. ascending to 3000 ft.; Pegu, Kurz. ; ; A glabrous tree, 60 ft., twigs 4gonal, compressed. Leaves 4-6 by 13-14 in., coria- ceous; veins equally distinct on both surfaces; petiole 434 in. Racemes many- flowered, equalling the leaves; the upper together forming a terminal panicle. Flowers Zin. diam. Outer sepals suborbicular, inner twice as long, petaloid. Petals rather Jonger than the inner sepals, obovate, concave, reflexed. fruit the size of a small plum, subglobose, not pointed. 13, C. tomentosum, Wight il. 1. 128, Jc. t. 110; young parts tomentose, leaves elliptic or linear-lanceolate acuminate, margin waved, racemes pubescent, outer sepals smaller than the inner. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 241; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. elatum, Beddome lc, xxii. and t. 2. Moist forests in the Western Pernisuza from the Concan southwards; and in Certon, ascending to 5000 ft. A tall straight tree; branches 4-angled; buds, shoots, panicles and outer sepals clothed with rusty tomentum. Leaves 3-5 by 1}-2.in., coriaceous, shining ; veins many, close-set, slender, eqnally prominent on both surfaces; petiole 4-2 in., often downy. Racemes from the axils of the upper leaves, sometimes collected into a terminal panicle, lax, many-flowered. Flowers upwards of 4 in. diam. ; pedicels long, slender. Sepals orbicular. Petals 4, ovate-oblong, larger than the sepals. Fruit 3 in. long, obliquely ovoid, pointed.—Yields the Poon-spars of Western India, and the seeds an abundant oil in Ceylon. 14. G. bracteatum, Thwaites Hnum.51; young parts tomentose, leaves elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate acuminate, racemes glabrous few-flowered bracteate, sepals obovate, petals oblong-lanceolate. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 252; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. Near streams in the Saffragam district of Ceyton, Thwaites. A large tree, closely resembling C. Tomentosum. Leaves dimorphic, the fully deve- loped 3-8 in. long, tapering to the obtuse base, highly polished, golden brown when dry ; petiole 4-4 in.; abnormal or undeveloped leaves 1-2 by 4-3 in., subsessile, linear- lanceolate or linear, pubescent, resembling bracts. acemes in the axils of and shorter than the normal leaves, few-flowered. Flowers 4 in. diam.; pedicels with an oblong “bract $ in. long at the base. Sepals 4. Petals 4. Fruit 2 in. long, oblong.—Flowera not in a good state for examination. 15. ©. Wightianum, Wall. Cat. 4847; young shoots often pruinose, leaves obovate or oblong-cuneate, racemes axillary glabrous, sepals subequal, petals usually 0. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif.228 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. £, 90. C. spurium, Chovs. in DC. Prod. i. 563; W. & A. Prod. i. 103. CO. deci- piens, Wight Ill. i. 128, Ic. t. 106, not of Thwaites ; Wall. Cat. 4841 A, G. Mountains of the Western Coast of the Wzstern Pentnsuna from the Concan to Travancor. Young shoots 4-gonal. Leaves 2-4 by 1}-2 in, rigidly coriaceous, rounded and usually retuse at the tip; veins most prominent on the under surface; petiole % in. Racemes from the axils of all the leaves and scars of a few fallen ones, several-flowered, shorter than the leaves; peduncles and pedicels slender. Flowers $in. diam. Sepals 4, very thin, strongly veined. Petals 0 (or 4 small ones visible in the bud, Wight). Calophyllum.] ‘XXIII. GUTTIFERE, (T. Anderson.) 275 pit, in. long, ellipsoid—I have never found petals in any of the buds 1 have opened. ‘ ** Racemes longer than the leaves, or equalling them. (See also C. poly- anthum.) 16, ©, trapezifolium, Thwaites Enum. 51; glabrous, leaves small ovate or rhomboid, racemes few-flowered glabrous 2-3 times longer than the leaves. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 254; Beddome Flor. Syluat, Glen, xxii. Central province of Cey1on, from 4-5000 ft., Thwaites. A tall tree. Leaves 14-2 by 1 in., coriaceous, tip rounded retuse or shortly acumi- nate; veins fine, equally prominent on both surfaces; petiole in. Racemes in the upper axils; pedicels 4 in. lowers hin. diam. Outer sepals smaller than the inner. Petals 4, 2 outer larger than the inner. Fruit 3 in. diam., subspherical. 17. G. Thwaitesii, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 232 ; glabrous, leaves obovate or orbicular base rounded or cordate, racemes axillary glabrous several times longer than the leaves. Thwattes Enum. 407 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. C. decipiens, Thwaites Enum. 51, not of Wight. Mountains of Certon, ascending to 3000 ft., Thwaites. Twigs stout, 4-angled. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., very thick and leathery; veins coarse, very prominent above, less so beneath; petiole 7, in. Aacemes rather slender, few-flowered. Sepals 4, obovate. Petals 3-4, oblong, longer than the sepals. Anthers half the size of those of C. Wightianwm. Fruit subspherical. 18, ©. cordato-oblongum, Thw«aites Enum. 407 ; young parts piluse, leaves oblong-cordate obtuse, panicles terminal as long as the leaves eee outer sepals twice as long as the inner. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. en. xxii, At Hinidoon Pattoo in Certon, Thwaites. A lofty tree ; twigs stout, 4angled; young shoots petiole and pedicels covered with deciduous rusty hairs. Leaves 4—6 by 2-3 in., very thickly coriaceous, obtuse, equally veined on both surfaces; petiole -} in. Peduncles and pedicels pubescent. Flowers lin. diam. Sepals rounded, outer } in. long, inner petaloid, twice as long. Petals 4-8, 3 in, orbicular. 19, C. cuneifolium, Zhwaites Enum. 51; glabrous except the buds, leaves small obovate or cuneate-spathulate obtuse or retuse, racemes axillary equalling or exceeding the leaves glabrous, outer sepals smaller than the inner. Planch. & Trian, Mem. Guttif. 261 ; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxii. At Madamahanewera in Ceyton, alt. 3-4000 ft., Thwaites. A large tree ; leaf-buds and rachis of racemes covered with short brown down. Leaves 1-1% by 4-1 in., thick and leathery; veins stout and prominent on both surfaces ; etiole $-4 in. Facemes 10 or more-flowered. Flowers about } in. diam. Sepals 4. Petals 4-8, inner the smallest. Fruit spherical, } in. diam. 20. ©. Walkeri, Wight Ili, i. 128, t. 45; quite glabrous, leaves obovate tip rounded or retuse, racemes in the axils of the upper leaves often collected into a terminal panicle glabrous, outer sepals shorter than the inner. Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 263; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gren, xxii, C. decipiens, Wight J7/. i. 128. A large tree; twigs stout, terete, erect.. Leaves 1-14 in long, almost as broad, ri- gidly coriaceous, crowded, veins strong; petiole 4 in., very stout. lowers large, pale rose-coloured or white ; pedicels 1 in., very stout; buds globose. Outer sepals very small, Petals usually 8, larger than the sepals; inner smaller. Style equalling : : T2 276 “XXIII, GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) —[ Calophyllum. the stamens, stigma. fleshy peltate. Fruit size of a cherry, globose.—This tree is said to flower once in 3-4 years; its seeds yield an oil used for burning. ° DOUBTFUL SPECIES, C.? maramarum, Wall. Cat. 4845—Does not exist in any herbarium accessible to me. ; C. Suriaa, Buch. Ham; ex. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 608. Calophyllum Soulattri, Burm. Fl. Ind. 121, with linear-oblong polished leaves and flowers whorled below them, is quite unknown to me. ens C. aneustirotium, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 608; “twigs cylindric, leaves short-petioled lanceolate with lengthened subotuse points lucid finely veined, flowers in avxillary fascicles, pedicels with a cyathiform tip.”—Prince of Wales Island, where called Peon, and yields spars, Roxb. 4, KAYVEA, Wall. Trees. Leaves opposite; veins rather distant, arched. lowers herma- phrodite, either large and solitary, or small and collected in terminal panicles, Sepals and Petals 4 each, imbricate. Stamens numerous, filaments slender, free or connate at the base; anthers small, subglobose, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 1-celled; style slender, stigma acutely 4-fid ; ovules 4, erect, Mruit subdrupaceous, fleshy, indehiseent, 1-4-seeded. Seeds thick, testa thin and crustaceous,—DistTR1B. Tropical Asia, 4 species. 1. K. floribunda, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 5, t. 210; Cat. 4840; leaves oblong or linear-oblong acuminate cuspidate, panicle lax many-flowered, pedicels 2-bracteolate. Dense tropical forests of the Eastern Himaxaya, in Sikkim, and the Kaasra Mrs., ascending to 3000 ft. A tall straight glabrous tree; branches cylindric. Leaves 5-8 by 1-14 in., thickly coriaceous, base acute; veins 4-1 in. apart, slender, arched, prominent on the under surface, faint on the upper; petiole 1 in., slender, cylindric. Panicle 6 in. long, ter- minal; branches and pedicels with 2 opposite bracts or bracteoles at their bases. Flowers 1 in. diam. Outer sepals } in. long, suborbicular, truncate. Petals a little longer than the sepals, thin but fleshy, white, edges rosy. Stamens many, filaments - capillary, exceeding the sepals. Fruit the size of a chestnut, covered by the thick accrescent yellow rugose calyx, tipped by the slender style, 1-seeded. 2. K. racemosa, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 269 ; leaves oblong- lanceolate acuminate cuspidate, racemes short few-flowered, pedicels ebrac- teolate. Mesua singaporiana, Wall. Cat. 4836. , Eastern Penixsuna; at Sincapore, Wallich; Malacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 177). A glabrous tree ; branches cylindric; bark ashy. Leaves 4-5 by 14 in., thin, rigid ; petiole 4 in., terete. acemes short, axillary and terminal; pedicels stout. Outer sepals thick, rugose. Immature fruit as large as a filbert, tipped with the short subu- late style.—Only one specimen seen, in the Linngean Society’s Herbarium, and assumed to be the plant published by Planchon and Triana from a specimen without habitat in De Candolle’s Herbarium.—[Maingay’s specimens have slender whor'ed branchlets, each with leaves at the end, Leaves 6-9 by 14-2} in.., elliptic-oblong, coriaceous, not polished, nerves beneath many, strong, arched, about 4 in. apart; petioles $-3 in. Racemes few, short (1 ae erowded on the tips of the branchlets between the two leaves; peduncles and pedicels very short, bracts small ovate deciduous. Flowers } in. diam. Sepals very thickly coriaceous. Petals ahout twice as long. Stamens in 1 series, very nume- rous, monadelphous at the base—J. D. H.] 3. K. stylosa, Thwaiies Lnum. 50; leaves ovate-lanceolate acuminate euspidate, racemes erect few flowered equalling the leaves, pedicels minutely Kayea.| XXIII, GUTTIFERE. (T. Anderson.) 277 bracteolate. Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 102, K. cuspidata, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guitif. 268. Southern districts of Ceyton, Thwaites. A large glabrous tree; bark dark-grey; branchlets terete, reddish. Leaves 2-3 by 4-1 in., rigid; veins arched, very faint on both surfaces; petiole 4-4 in., slender. Racemes from the upper axils, bracteoles subulate. lowers small. Stamens many, filaments capillary, persistent, exceeding the sepals. F'ruct the size of a small chestnut, covered by the coriaceous accrescent calyx, tipped by the thickened short style. 4, K. nervosa, 7. Anders. ; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate acuminate cuspidate, flowers solitary or 1-3 axillary or terminal. Mesua nervosa, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Giuttif. 279. eo provinces, at Mergui and Martaban, Griffith, Parish. Malacca, aingay. . wane branches minutely tubercled, sub-4-angular? Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., thin, membranous, base rounded, shining above, coppery beneath ; veins distinct, } in. apart, arched, depressed om the upper surface; petiole 4 in. Flowers 1% in. diam., pedicels 1-24 in., tubercled. Outer sepals } in., thick and coriaceous, suborbicular, inner nearly twice as large. Petals cuneate-obovate. laments, capillary, nearly equalling the pistil. Style slender, thickened after flowering, stigma deeply 4-cleft. . 5. MESUWA, Linn. ; Trees, Leaves opposite, rigidly coriaceous, often pellucid-dotted ; veins innumerable, very slender, at right angles to the midrib. lowers polyga- mous or hermaphrodite, large, axillary, solitary. Sepals and Petals 4 each, imbricate. Stamens very numerous, filaments filiform free or connate at the base ; anthers erect, oblong, 2-celled, dehiscence vertical. Ovary 2-celled ; style long, stigma peltate ; ovules 2 in each cell, erect. Fruit between fleshy and woody, 1-celled by the absorption of the septum, at length 4-valved,, oo Seeds without an aril, testa fragile—Distrip, Tropical Asia; 3 species. 1. M. ferrea, Linn. ; DC. Prodr.i. 562; leaves drooping linear-lanceolate acute or acuminate, peduncles short stout. Chois. Guttif. Ind. 40; Planch. & _ Prian. Mem. Guttif.271 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 605; W.& A. Prodr. 102; Wall. Cat, 4834; Wight Ill. 127, Ic. t. 118; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. xxiii. M. speciosa, Chois. in DOC. l.c.; Guttif, Ind. 40; Wight Ic. t. 961; Wail. Cat. 4835: Beddome Le. xxiii. M. pedunculata Wight Ill. 127, Ic. t. 119. M. coromandeliana, Wight Ill. 129, Jc. t.117; Beddome Flor, Sylvat. t. 64, M. Roxburghii, Wight [11.197 ; Beddome Le. xxiii. M. salicina,M. Walkeriana and M. pulchella, Planch. & Trian. l.c. 373, 374, and 379. _M. sclerophylla, Thwoites Enum. 407; Beddome l.c. xxiii. M. Nagana, Gard. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist, viii. 4, : Mountaing of Eastern Beneat, the Basrern Himanaya, and the Easrern and esteRN Peninsonas, and ANDAMAN IstAnDs; cultivated elsewhere in India. A middling-sized glabrous tree; trunk, erect, straight ; twigs slender, sub-4-angled. Leaves 3-6 by 1} to 13 in., base acute or rounded, dark-green and shining above, covered more or less with fine waxy meal beneath; veins very fine, close-set, and equally incon- Spicuous on both surfaces; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 3-3 in. diam., usually terminal aud solitary or in pairs. Sepals orbicular, thick, with membranous margins, inner pair largest. Petals 4, spreading, cuneate-obovate, pure white. Anthers large, oblong, golden-yellow. Fruit ovoid, conical-pointed, size variable, often of a large chestnut; base eurrounded by the persistent sepals, 1-4-seeded.. Seeds dark-brown, ,testa smooth. —A very variable plant, the absence of the pruinose under-surface of the leaves is by 278 XXIII. GUTTIFERZ. (T. Anderson.) | Mesua. no means confined to the small-flowered states from S. India, to which the name of eoro- mandeliana has been applied ; the latter is a small and distinct-looking form. 2. M. Thwaitesii, Planch. & Trian. Mem. Guttif. 277; leaves linear- oblong acute or acuminate, flowers subsessile. M. speciosa var. a, Thwaites Enum. 50, not of Choisy. Banks of streams in the Ratnapoora district, Cevton, Thwaites. A tree resembling M. ferrea, but distinguished by the form of the leaves and large sessile or subsessile Howers. Leaves 8-12 by 13-2 in., base acute, glaucous and faintly nerved beneath. Flowers nearly 4 in. diam., axillary, solitary or in pairs. 3. M.? lepidota, 7. Anders.; leaves elliptic- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, racemes terminal. Eastern Penrnsuza; Malacca, Griffith (distrib. Kew, No. 845, named I. speciosa by error), Branches short, rather slender, terete. Leaves coriaceous, 24-34 by 3-1} in., shortly cuspidate, tapering to the obtuse base; veins very numerous, close set, fine, equally faint on both surfaces. /lowers unknown. F'rutt size of a chestnut, subglobose, pointed, subtended by the thickened obtuse sepals, valves thick, surface rugulose as if scurfy. Seed with a brown brittle testa.—Probably a new genus between Kayea and Mesua, on account of the small woody non-accrescent sepals. 6. PH&CILONEURON, Beddome. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) Trees, Leaves opposite, smooth, coriaceous, with close-set spreading lateral veins, minutely reticulated. lowers yellowish-white, in a terminal panicle, or solitary at each node. Sepals 4-5, small, imbricate. Petals 5-6, contorted. Stamens numerous, free or slightly connate at the base, filaments short or 0; anthers basifixed, narrow-linear, erect., Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, subulate, stigmas punctiform ; ovules 2 in each cell, ascending from the base. Capsule ovoid, 1-celled, septicidal?, with a single erect seed, albumen 0; cotyledons fleshy ; radicle minute, inferior.—Disrri. 8. India; species 2. 1. P. indicum, Bedd. in Journ. Lann. Soc, viii. 267, t. 17; Flor. _ Sylvat. t. 3; Howers in a pyramidally spreading terminal panicle 4 in. long, sepals and petals each 5, anthers lobulated. Western Peninsuna ; on the west slopes of the Ghats, from South Canara to Mala- bar, alt. 3-4000 feet., Beddome. A large tree. Leaves 4-10 by 14-24 in., elliptic, with a long acumination, petioled. Peduncles, pedicels, and sepals slightly puberulous. lowers = in. diam., yellowish white. ruit ellipsoid, 2. P. pauciflorum, Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 93; flowers about 4 together and terminal or solitary at each node, sepals 4 the 2 innermost larger, petals 6, anthers simple. Western Peninsuta ; Travancor, alt. 45000 ft., Beddome. A tree with red wood. Leaves about 5 by 14 in., narrowly elliptic. Petals oblong, obtuse. Fruit 1 in. long, 4 in. diam., at first obpyriform, finally ovoid and rather smaller than in P. indicum. XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 279 OrverR XXIV. TERNSTRCEMIACEZ. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer, F.L.S.) Shrubs rarely climbing, or trees. eaves alternate, simple (in Indian species) entire or often serrate, usually coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers handsome, seldom small, usually subtended by 2 sepal-like bracts, rarely diclinous, axillary, 1 or more together, rarely in lateral or terminal racemes or panicles. Sepals 5, rarely 4-7, free or slightly connate, the innermost often larger. Petals 5, rarely 4-9, free or connate below, imbricate or con- torted. Stamens numerous (definite in Sladenia and Stachyurus) free or connate, usually adnate to the base of the deciduous corolla ; anthers basi- fixed or versatile, dehiscing by slits or rarely by terminal pores. Ovary free . (-inferior in Anneslea), sessile, 3-5-celled, (many-celled in Actinidia) ; styles as many, free or connate, stigmas usually small; ovules 2-0 in each cell, rarely solitary, never orthotropous, /’ruwit baccate or capsular. Seeds few or numerous, placentas axile, albumen scanty or 0, rarely copious; embryo straight or hippocrepiform, cotyledons various.—DistR1B. re in tempe- rate, abundant in tropical Asia and America, almost wanting in Africa and entirely in Australasia ; species about 260. Trine I. Ternstroemiez. Peduncles 1-flowered (many-flowered in Sladenia). Petals imbricate. Stamens adherent to the base of the corolla ; anthers basifixed. Frwit (in Indian Genera) indehiscent. Seeds usually few, albumen fleshy usually seanty. mbryo curved ;’ cotyledons shorter than the radicle and about as broad. 7 * Fruit inferior. 1. ANNESLEA. ** Fruit superior. Flowers hermaphrodite (except Ternsiraemia penangiana). Anthers glabrous 2. 6 6 6 ee ee te . . 2, Ternsreamia. Anthers usually pilose. Stamens about 12, ovary 3-celled ee . 8. Suapenta. Stamens many, seeds numerous, ovary 3-5-celled . 4, ADINANDRA, 5. Cuevera. Stamens many, seeds moderate, ovary 2-3 celled . . . Flowers dicecious . 5 : at 6. Euvrya. Trize Il. Sauraujezw. Peduncles many-flowered. Petals imbricate. Anthers versatile. Fruit usually pulpy, rarely sub-dehisccnt. Seeds nu- merous minute, albumen abundant. adicle straight or slightly curved and longer than the cotyledons. * Flowers 5-merous, stamens many. Stylesmany. 2. 2 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ACTINIDIA. Styles 8-5. 2. 0. 1 1 ee ee te ww ew ew ws 68, SARA. ** Flowers 4-merous, stamens few. 9. SracHyuRvs. Trize III. Gordoniew. Peduncles 1-flowered, often very short. Petals imbricate. Anthers versatile. Fruit indehiscent or loculicidal. Albumen scanty or 0. Cotyledons various ;-radicle short, straight or curved. * Fruit indehiscent. ' 11, Pyrenagia. ** Fruit dehiscent. Seeds winged, radicle inferior . . - . ee se - + + © 10. Scnmma. Seeds winged, radicle superior . . . - - - - + + + + - 12, Gorponta, Seeds wingless . 0.0. 1 eee ete ee ee we 2 18, CamnEia. 280 XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) TrrBe IV. Bonnetiere. Flowers in terminal panicles, rarely lateral and solitary or racemose. Petals contorted. Anthers versatile or basifixed. Fruit indehiscent or septicidal; albumen scanty or 0. Hmbryo straight, cotyledons flat; radicle short. Ovary 5-celled . 2. . . . « . 14, Arcuyrza. Posciloneuron is referred to Guttifere. (p. 278.) 1. ANNESLEA, Wall. Evergreen trees with the habit of Zernstreemia. Flowers axillary and forming sub-terminal umbellate corymbs, rather large, white. Sepals 5, connate into a tube which is finally fleshy and adherent to the ovary. Petals 5, connate. Stamens many, scarcely adherent to the corolla; anthers with a long apiculus. Ovary 3-immersed in the torus, 3-celled ; style 3-fid ; ovules many, pendulous from the top of the cells. Frit baccate, leathery, inferior, crowned by the sepals. Seeds oblong with a horse-shoe-shaped: cavity, testa osseous, albumen fleshy —D1stR1w. Malay Peninsula; species 2. 1, A. fragrans, Wall, Cat. 598; Plant. As. Rar, i. 5, t. 5; peduncles about twelve in each corymb 23-3 in. slender with 2 ovate obtuse bracts. Grif. Notul. iv. 567, t. 585 A, f. 17. Eastern Peyinsuta; Moulmein and Martaban, Wallich, &c. . A tree 80 ft. Leaves 34-5 by 14-24 in., elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse; petioles ac in. Sepals 4 in, cordiform, acute, Fruit lin. diam. Seeds with a thin scarlet eshy envelope. F 2, A. crassipes, Hook. ex. Chois. Mem, Ternstr. 41; peduncles 3-6 in ei corymb about 1 in. rather thick with 2 small ovate acute fleshy racts. Eastern Peninsuta; Mt. Ophir, Malacca, Grigith, &c.—Disrris. Philippine Islds. A tree. Leaves 2-44 by 14-2 in., lanceolate elliptic or oblanceolate, crenulate, acute or obtuse; petioles 4-1 in. lowers as in A. fragrans but drooping. Sepals } in., orLicular, acute. Fruit 3 in. diam. 2. TERNSTREMIA, Linn. Glabrous evergreen trees or shrubs, eaves leathery, entire or crenate- serrate. Peduncles lateral, recurved, 2-bracteate below the flower. Sepals 5, Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers glabrous. Ovary 2-3-celled; style simple, often 0, stigma broad y 2-3-lobed or subentire ; ovules 2 in each cell, rarely 1 or 3-6, pendulous from the apex. Seeds as in Anneslea but the albumen sometimes evanescent.—DistRiz. Trop. Asia and America ; species 25,. * Anthers apiculate. 1. 'T. japonica, Thunb. in Trans. Linn, Soc. ii. 335; a tree about 20 ft., leaves oblong-obovate petioled, style subentire, stigma 2-lobed, fruit glo- bose. Cleyera japonica, Thunb. Fl. Jap, 224 (not of Sied. & Zuce.). Eastern Bureau and Pewninsuwa, from the Khasia Mts., alt. 4-5000 ft. to Moul- mein. Wesrerw Peninsuta; Nilghiri Mts.; Cryron.—Disrers, Sumatra, China, Japan, Loochoo Islds. : Branchlets with rather soft bark, whorled or repeatedly forked. Leaves 2-3 by 2-13 in., rather crowded at the ends of the branches; petioles +4 in. Peduncles 4-2 in., 2-edged. Flowers 2 in. diam., in the axils of the fallen leaves; corolla Spreading, pale yellow. OQvary-cells 2-ovuled. Fruit 4-2 in. diam., baccate, almost Ternstremia.| XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 281 juiceless, usually more than 2-seeded —Griffith’s Ternstraemiacea from Khasia (Itin. 42, Notul. iv. 568; Jc. t. 604,f. 1), probably belongs to this, although described with uni- sexual flowers. Var. 1. Wightit, Choisy Mem. Ternst. 19 (sp.), leaves acute-—T. aneura, Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 477. Cleyera gymnanthera, W. & A. Prodr. 87; Wight. Ic. t. 47; Thw. Enum. 41; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. t. 91. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 1461 (in Herb. Linn. Soc. only). Var. 2. parvifolia, Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot, iii. 14; leaves 14-2 in. 2, T. emarginata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 14; a shrub 10-16 ft., leaves sessile spathulate crenulate-serrate emarginate, style deeply 2-fid, stigmas flatly capitate, fruit conical. Cleyera emarginata, Gardn. um Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 447; Thw, Enum. 40. : ‘exton; higher parts of the Island, Gardner. - 2 Leaves 1-2 in. Peduncles ? in., 2-edged, minutely bracteate. Flowers 4 in. diam., white, then yellowish-purple. Petals twice the length of the sepals. (Ovary-cells 1- ovuled, Thw.) Fruit oblong-ovoid, baccate, 2-seeded.—As Choisy points out, this so closely resembles the Brazilian T. cuneifolia as to be barely distinguishable. * Diccious, anthers not apiculate. Erythrochiton, Grif. 3. T. penangiana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 20; stigmas 2 reniform foliaceous, fruit ovoid baccate with a coriaceous epicarp. T. macrocarpa, Scheff. obs. phyt. 15, fide Kurz, in As, Soc. Journ. Beng. 1870, i. 64. Ery- throchiton Wallichianum, Grif. Notul. iv. 565, t. 585 A, f. 7. Fagreea? dubia, Wall. Cat. 4456. Eastern Peninsuza; from Moulmein and the Andaman Islands to Penang and Malacca.—Disrris. Java. A small tree with a thick trunk. . Leaves 4-8 by 14-34 in., oblanceolate to obovate, acute, coriaceous; petioles about 1 in. lowers nearly 1 in. diam., solitary axillary or subfasciculate. Petals fleshy, twice the length of the sepals. Stamens many in the male flowers, crowded in many rows, reduced to filaments in the female flowers. grant cells 2-ovuled; ‘style very short. Berry 14 in. diam. Seeds 4, bony, imbedded in a reddish or pinkish pulp. Var. monosperma ; berry 1 in. diam., 1-seeded, T.? Kuasrana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 20, Griff. n. 422 in Herb. Boissier from the Khasia Mts., proves from the examination of the type specimen to be identical with Iilicium Grifithii, H. f. & T., p. 40. (See Journ. Linn. Soc. xiti, 331.) 3. SLADENTA, Kurz. MS. A shrub? Leaves crenately serrate, glabrous, feather-veined. lowers in dichotomous cymes shorter than the leaves. Sepals 5, Petals 5, free. Stamens about 12, slightly adnate to the base of the petals, filaments dilated at the base; anthers basifixed, the lobes slightly divergent below, hispid. Ovary 3-celled, tapering into the very short 3-denticulate style; ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous. /ruit unknown. 1. S. celastrifolia, Kurz, ms. Yonay, Mynesa, J. Anderson. Leaves 4-5 by 14-2 in., oblong-obovate, acuminate, acute at the base; petioles 4 in. Pedicels } in. “Sepals 4 in., lanceolate, obtuse or hooded at the apex, papery. Petals oblaficeolate, obtuse, rather longer. than the sepals. Anthers lanceolate with a minutely bifid connective. 4, ADINANDRA, Jack. Small evergreen trees with the habit of Ternstramia or Gordonia, Peduntles axillary, solitary, recurved, 2-bracteate at the apex. lowers often 282 xxiv. TERNSTREMIACEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Adinandra. silky outside. Sepals 5. Petals 5, connate at the base. Stamens many, often 1-4-adelphous, usually hairy. Ovary 3-5-celled; style ultimately elungate, entire or shortly 3-5-fid ; ovules many in each cell. Must globose, Seedsmany, small, aloumen fleshy.—D1sTR1B. Confined (except the W. African A, Mannii) to the Malay Peninsula and Indian Archipelago ; species 10. 1. A. dumosa, Jack in Malay Misc. ii. no. 7, 50; leaves elliptic-oblong serrulate above the middle glabrous ferruginous beneath, petioles 3 in., peduncles about 1 in., sepals orbicular-ovate glabrous; Wall. Cat. 3664 bis (ea Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 90) & 7071 (in Herb. Kew.). A. Jackiana and trichoco- ryna, Korth. Verh, Nat. Gesch. Bot. 106,107. A. cyrtopoda, stylosa, and glabra, Mig. Flor. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 478, 479. Ternstroemia? dumosa, Wall.- Cat, 2245 (ex Chois. l.c.). Camellia? Scottiana, Chois. lc. (not of Wall. Herb.) Eastern Pentysuta; Sincapore and Malacca, Jack. &c.—Disrerp. Sumatra, Java, Borneo, China. ; A small tree. Leaves 24-43 by 14-24 in., acute at both ends, coriaceous; petioles ey Peduncles solitary or in pairs, extra-axillary. Bracts 4 the length of the sepals. etals twice the length of the sepals, ovate-oblong, acute, white. Stamens silkily-hairy. Ovary glabrous; style subulate, persistent, 4 in. in fruit. Berry § in. diam., glabrous. 2. A. acuminata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch, Bot. 109; leaves oblong- lanceolate more or less acuminate glabrous, petioles 3 in., peduneles 4 in, sepals oblong-ovate glabrous. Gordonia acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Herb, Linn. Soc, Ternstroeemia? coriacea, Wall, Cat, 1453, Camellia axillaris, Wall. Cat. p. 158 (not of Roxb. ex Bot, Reg. 349, see Journ. Linn. Soc. xiil. 330). Polyspora axillaris, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 91 (not of Don). Eastern Penrinsuta; Penang and Sincapore, Wallich, &c.—Duisrrie. Sumatra. A small tree. Buds silky. Leaves 3-6 by 14-24 in. Peduneles thickened and warted after flowering. Bracts minute, deltoid, acute. Sepals 4-4 in. Stamens hairy. Style pilose, filiform, thickened below; stigma very minutely 2-lobed, subcapitate. Berry % in. diam., glabrous. Seeds about 6 in each cell, discoid, rather large. 3. A. Griffithii, Dyer; leaves oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate acuminate glabrous, petioles 4 in., peduncles 1 in., sepals rotund-elliptical glabrous, styles deeply 5-fid. Kew Distrib. 755, Cleyera grandiflora. Eastern Bencar; Khasia Mts., Griffith. - A tree? Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 14-2 in., paler beneath. Bracts almost obsolete. Sepals 4in. Petals about equalling the sepals. Stamens sparingly setose, 1-seriate, adnate to the petals. Ovary glabrous; divisions of the style cylindric, hardly exceeding the sepals, 4, A.integerrima, 7’. Anders, ms, ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate glan- dular-serrulate paler beneath with black glands and a few hairs, petiole $+; in. pubescent, peduncles 3 in. strigose, sepals ovate silky outside. A dasyantha, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 90 (not of Korth.). Ternstreemia? in- tegerrima, Wall. Cat, 1452 in Herb. Linn. Soc. T.? reticulata, Wall. Cat, 2246 (ex. Choisy l.c. 90). Gordonia reticulata Wall. Cat. 3663 bss in Herb. Kew & 7070 (ex Choisy i.c.), Camellia japonica, Wall. Cat. 3667 in Herb. Kew. Eastern Peninsuta; Penang, Wallich. Branches with pubescent extremities and silky buds. Leaves 3-5 by 14-23 in., acute at both ends or obtusely acuminate. Bracts small, ovate, acute. Sepals 4 in., exceed- ing the silky petals. Stamens adnate to the base of the petals; anthers silky. Ovary densely silky. Berry 3 in. diam., with appressed pubescence. Seeds small, shining. 5. &. maculosa, 7. Anders. ms. ; leaves finely mottled beneath with reddish-brown remotely denticulate glabrous, petioles 3 in., peduncles 5 in. Adinandra,| XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 283 puberulous, sepals strigosely pubescent outside. Ternstroemia? integerrima, Wall. Cat. 1452 in Herb. Kew., not in Herb. Linn. Soc, Eastern Penrnsuta; Penang, Wallich. - Branches glabrous ; buds yellow, silky. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2} in., elliptic or elliptic- oblong, shortly acuminate, acute at the base. Bracts § the length of the sepals, orbi- cular. Berry 4 in. diam., hoary with thin appressed pubescence. Seeds minute. 6. A. villosa, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 24; leaves pubescent beneath, ponoles ¢ in., peduncles 1 in. pilose, sepals silky near the middle externally. ernstreemia? sericea, Wadl. Cat. 1454, Schima Wallichii, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 91 (not of Choisy in Zoll. Cat.). Eastern Pentnsuna; Tavoy, Wallich. A small pubescent tree; young shoots silky. Leaves 34-5 by 14-2 in., oblong ovate- oblong or elliptic, acute or acuminate, base obtuse, glabrous above, yellowish below, sub- coriaceous. Peduncles nodding. Bracts obsolete. Flowers 3 in. diam. Sepals ovate. Petals densely silky at the apex. Style elongate, subulate, strigose but glabrous at the apex. Berry } in. diam., covered with white appressed silky hairs—Habit of A. integerrima. 7, A. crenulata, 7. Anders, ms. ; leaves narrow elliptic-oblong crenu- late-serrate glabrous, petioles 4 in., peduncles 1-17 in. thinly strigose, Tern- streemia crenulata, Wall. Cat. 3723. Eastern Peninsuta? Herb. Madr. ( Wallich.) Glabrous except the flowers and buds. Leaves 3-5 by 13-14 in., acute at both ends, prominently reticulated above. Peduncles thickened at the apex, slightly recurved. Bracts nearly obsolete. Sepals and petals as in A. villoso, but less silky. Stamens adnate to the petals, filaments short, glabrous ; anthers silky, with an acuminate con- nective-—The plant described under the name of Ternstramia crenulata by Wight, (Ill. i. 99) is a species of A. porosa. : 8 A. lasiopetala, Chois, Mem. Ternstr. 24; leaves narrow oblanceolate glabrous above minutely strigillose beneath, margins revolute denticulate, flowers silky-strigose externally. Garosanthera lasiopetala, Thw. Hnum, 4\. Cleyera lasiopetala, Wight Ill. i. 99. Eurya lasiopetala, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat, Hist. vii. 466. ‘Ceyton; at 6000 ft. and upwards. . _A small tree; branches terete, minutely strigose. Leaves 24-4 by 3-1 in., obtuse or subacuminate, retuse. Peduncles 3 in., nodding, thickened towards the apex. Bracts 4 the length of the sepals, deltoid. Flowers 4-2 in. diam. Petals 3 times the length of the sepals, white. Stamens thinly hairy, unequal, filaments slender. Ovary 3-celled; style filiform, stigmas 3 cylindric obtuse. Berry 4 in. diam. 5. CLEYERA, DC. Trees or shrubs with the habit of Ternstramia, Peduncles shorter, often fascicled, flowers smaller; bracts minute or 0, Sepals 5, Petals 5, more or less connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers pilose. Ovary 2-3-celled ; style often elongate with a shortly 2-3-fid apex, or shorter and more deeply divided, stigmas slender ; ovules many. Seeds usually few, albumen fleshy.— Distrie. Tropical Asia; Japan, Mexico and the Antilles. Species about 6. 1. ©. ochnacea, DC. Mém. Ternstr. 21; leaves oblong-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate acuminate, base acute, flowers usually in small fascicles rarely solitary, apex of peduncles with 2 almost obsolete bracts, C.. 284 XxIV. TERNSTR@MIACEH. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Cleyera. Wallichiana, Sie. & Zuce, Fl. Jap. i. 154. C. ochnoides, G. Don Gen. Syst. i, 566. Centrat Himaraya; Nipal, Waillich. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 2000 ft. 2 : . Leaves 3-44 in. by. 14-2 in. ; petioles 3 in. Peduncles $ in., usually nodding, thick- ened towards the apex. Petals 4-4 in., 8 times the length of the sepals, yellow. Style subulate. persistent. Fruit baccate.—Probably C. japonica, Sieb. and Zucc., which has the pedicels and flowers only 4 as large is not distinct. Var. 1. Lushia, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 566 (sp.); fascicles about 5-flowered, peduncles erect. Ternstreemia Lushia, Ham. in Don Prodr, 225. . Var, 2. grandiflora, Chois. Mem. Ternstr. 21 (sp.); fascicles 24-flowered, flowers larger, leaves narrower more acuminate. C. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 1461 in, Herb. Kew., not in Herb. Linn. Soc. 2, ©. grandiflora, H./.é T. ms, (not of Wall. or Choisy) ; leaves oblong obtusely acuminate base obtuse, flowers usually solitary, peduncles with 2 minute alternating bracts. Eastexn Beneat; Khasia Mts., alt. 4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. Leaves 4-54 by 14-2 in.: petioles 3 in. Pedunceles about $in., usually erect. Flowers § in. diam. Petals } in., about four times the length of the sepals.—Closely allied to C. ochnacea, but larger in all its parts. 6. BURYA, Thunb. Shrubs. Leaves glabrous, usually crenate-serrate. Flowers small, dicecious, sessile or shortly pedicelled in axillary fascicles, or rarely solitary, with per- sistent bracteoles. Sepals 5. Petals 5, united at the base. Stamens 15 or less, rarely 5; anthers glabrous. Ovary 3 (rarely 2-5-)-celled; styles 3 (rarely 2-5) free or united; ovules many in the inner angle of each cell. Fruit baccate. Albumen fleshy. —Distris. §. E. Asia, Indian Arch. and Pacific Is.; reputed species more than 30, reducible at most to 10, Thwaites indeed, after careful study, unites 1, 3, 4, 5 into one variable species. l. B. japonica, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 191, t. 25; glabrous, branches striate, flowers about 2 together 2-bracteolate, sepals glabrous. Eastern Himaraya; Sikkim, alt. 5-10,000 ft.; Khasia Mts., alt. 83-6000 ft.; Moun- tains of the Easrern and Western Peniysunas, and Cryion ascending to 7000 ft.— Disrris. Eastwards to Japan and the Fiji Islands. Var. 1. Thunbergii, Thw. Enum. 41; leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in. elliptic or oblan- ceolate more or less serrate acuminate, petioles $ in., styles free. . tristyla, W. & A. Prodr. 86. E. Wightiana, Wight Ill. i. t.38 (not Wall.). E. coneocarpa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot.114. EE. elliptica, Gard. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 443. E. japonica, Bedd Flor. Sylvat. t. 92.—Sikkim, 5-10,000 ft. J. D. H.; Concan, Stocks; Ceylon, Gardn., Nilghiris, Gardn.—Duisrais. 8. China, Loochool., Japan, Fiji L—£. vitiensis, A. Gray. ar, 2. nitida, Korths. lc. 115, t. 7 (sp.); stems 8 ft., leaves 14-24 by 4-1 in. nar- row elliptic or oblanceolate serrate above acute or shortly acuminate, petioles 4 in., styles united beyond the middle. E. Roxburghii, Wall. Cat. 1465, in part. E. sys- tyla, Mig. in Herb. Honenacker. EH, Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 3662. E. fasciculata, Wall. Cat. 4399.—Habit resembling that of the Tea shrub—Khasia, 3-6000 ft. Griffith; Moulmein, 5000 ft.; Penang, Lobb.—Nilghiris, Gardn. Disreis. Borneo, Sumatra, Java. Var. 3. pales, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 110 (sp.); tips of branches silky- pubescent, leaves 4-5 by 1 in. usually narrow elliptic serrulate with a long acuminate apex, petioles 3 in., styles united——Khasia Mts., Moulmein.—Dusrris. Java. ” + 2. B. symplecina, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 114; branches striate silky at the apex, flowers in rather crowded fascicles, peduncles 3-bracteolate silky Eurya.| | XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 285 “ sepals silky outside, styles united. E, acuminata, Wall. Vat. 1464 in part not of DO. HE. Wallichiana, Planch, ms., not of Steud. Diospyros ceranifolie Don Prodr. 144. 2 Centra and Eastern Himataya, alt. 5~7000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Mishmj Grifith —Distris. Java. ; ‘ sis ee A slender shrub. Leaves 3-5 by 1-14 in., oblong-elliptic, entire or serrulate above, obtusely acuminate, papery, midrib with appressed pubescence ; petioles } in. 3, HE. chinensis, R. Br. in Abel’s Voy. 379, cum tc. ; branches sub- flexuose 2-edged pilose, leaves small, flowers 2-3 together subsessile 2-brac- teolate, sepals glabrous, styles united. E. parvifolia, Gardn. in Calc. Journ. Nat, Hist. vii, 445. E. japonica 6 parvifolia, Thw. Hnum. 41. Czrton ; ascending to 8000 ft.—Disrri. China, Japan. A shrub 3-12 ft. Leaves 3-14 by 4-3 in., obovate, margins revolute, mucronate ser- rate, obtusely acuminate, midrib hairy, petioles 2, in. Pedicels and bracteoles glabrous. 4, B. ceylanica, Wight /il.i.98 ; branches cylindric pilose, leaves with depressed veins, flowers 2-4 together 2-bracteolate shortly peduncled, sepals glabrous, stigmas 3 subsessile reflexed, . japonica y chinensis, Zhu. Enum. 41. Certon, alt. 83-7000 ft. A shrub, 12-16 ft. Leaves 13-4 by 3-14 in., broadly, elliptic, shortly acuminate, margins recurved, mucronate-serrate, tip retuse, midrib hairy; petioles 2, in. Pedicels and bracteoles hairy. Fruits with a few scattered hairs. 5. H. acuminata, DC. Mém. Ternstr. 29; branches cylindric pu- bescent-hairy, flowers about 5 together shortly peduncled 2-bracteolate, styles 3-5 distinct or united below. Diospyros serrata, Ham. in Don Prodr, Nep. 143. Temperate and Sosrroricat Himaraya, alt. 3-7000 ft., from Kumaon to Bhotan; Mountains of Eastern Benean, Assam, and the Eastern Prninsuna to Penang; Ceyvuon.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Fiji Islands. : A shrob 8-10 ft. Leaves 2-5 by 4-1 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, serrulate, attenuate- acuminate, midrib softly hairy Var. 1. ewprista, Korths. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 113 (sp.); styles distinct. Griff. Ie. 604, f. 3. E. multiflora, DC. 1c. 25. E. serrata, Blume Fl. Jav. pref. vii ¥.. angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 1465 in Herb. Linn. Soc. E. acuminata, Royle IU: 127, t. 25. E. salicifolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118. ? E. chinensis, Hook. f. & Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. (not of Brown). Var. 2. Wallichiana, Steud, in Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 118 (sp.); styles united. E. lucida, Wall. Cat. 1462. E. fasciculata, Ham. in Wall. Herb. 1463. . acumi- nata, Wall. Cat. 1464. E. bifaria, Wall. Cat. 3721? E. membranacea, Gardn. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 444, EE. japonica 6 acuminata, Thw. Hnum. 41. 6. E. trichocarpa, Korth. Verh. Nat, Gesch. Bot. 114; . branches cylindric pubescent at the apex, flowers few together, peduncles 2-bracteo- late, ovary densely silky, styles 3-5 united 3 of their length. E. trichogyna, Blime Mus. Bot. ti. 114. Eastern Himazarya, Bhotan, Grifith; Knasia Mrs., Grijith—Drsrris. Amboyna. Buds silky. Leaves 3-44 by 3-1 in. narrowly elliptic, acuminate, serrulate, pubes- cent especially on the midrib below; petioles 4 in. Sepals pubescent externally. 7, ACTINIDIA, Lindl. Glabrous, strigose or tomentose shrubs, usually climbers. Leaves entire or serrate, usually membranous, feather-veined. Flowers polygamous or 286 XXIV. TERNSTR@MIACEHZ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Actinidia, dicecious, in axillary cymes, rarely solitary. Sepals 5, slightly imbricate, subconnate at the base. Petals 5, somewhat contorted-imbricate. Stamens many; anthers dehiscing by slits. Ovary many-celled; styles as nu- merous, divergent and elongated after flowering. ruct baccate, containing raphides.—Distris. Himalaya, China and Japan ; species about 8 1. A. callosa, Lindl. Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 439; glabrous, leaves broadly elliptic setosely serrulate, sepals tomentose, fruit sparsely warted. A. Kolo- mitka, Rupr. in Maxim. Amur. 63. Dillen, ord. callosa, Wall. Cat. 6634, Temprrate Himarayva, from Garwhal to Bhotan, alt. 4-8000 ft.; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft.—Disrris. Manchuria, Japan, Loochoo Islands. A shrubby climber; stems brown with white verrucule. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3} in, membranous, acuminate ; petioles 1-14 in. lowers 4 in. diam. in small lax umbellate cymes, white. Pedicels with an obsolete bract below the calyx. Sepals oblong, obtuse. tyles clavate. Fruit 3 in., ovoid. 2, A. strigosa, Hook. f. & Thoms, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 55; strigose- hispid, leaves ovate or oblong callously ciliate or denticulate, sepals nearly smooth. Sixxm Hiatava, alt. 6-8000 ft., J. D. A. 4 A shrubby climber with the habit of A. callosa. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., acuminate ; petioles about 1 in. Peduncles short, 2-4-flowered. Flowers § in. diam., shortly pedi- celled, white. Sepals elliptic, obtuse. Styles scarcely dilated at the apex. ruit 1} in., ovoid, mucilaginous, edible. . 8. SAURAUZA, Willd. Trees or shrubs. Branches usually brown with whitish tubercular dots, at first as well as the leaves more or less strigose-pilose or scaly. Leaves approximate at the ends of the branches,-usually serrate, with parallel veins diverging from the midrib. Inflorescence lateral, often from the axils of fallen leaves, cymose, subpaniculate, rarely few-flowered. Bracts usually small, remote from the calyx. lowers usually hermaphrodite, Sepals 5, strongly imbricate, Petals 5, usually connate at the base. Stamens many ; anthers dehiscing by pores. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles as many, distinct or connate; ovules many. rut baccate, rarely dry and subdehiscent.— Distr. Tropical and subtropical Asia and America. Species about 60. * Flowers in axillary peduncled panicles, Styles 5. 1, S. napaulensis, DC. Mém. Ternstr. 29 ; panicles 2-4 in. alternately branched with a peduncle about 5 in., bracteoles deciduous elliptic acute, sepals orbicular glabrous, Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar, ii, 40, 77, t. 178 ; Cat. 1469. S. paniculata, Wall. in G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 567. Ternstroemia racemosa, Don Prodr. 225. Zanthoxylum Serra, 2urcz. in Bull. Mosc. 1858, 440. Temperate Himatara, from Bhotan and Sikkim, alt. 5-7000 ft. i 2400-5000 ft.; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 5000 ft.; Misums HILLS, Grifith. te A moderate sized tree ; youngest branches, petioles, midribs and peduncles covered with scurfy tomentum, mixed with brown, deciduous, acuminate scales. Leaves 10-15 by 3-4 in., narrow oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base, shortly acuminate, strongly ser- rate, nearly glabrous above, thinly ferruginous-tomentose beneath; petioles 1-1} in. Flowers } in. diam., pink. Sepals $ in. Petals at length recurved at the apex. Fruit green, mealy inside, edible, sweet. Seeds red-brown.—Varies with elliptic obtuse leaves. 2. S. Griffithii, Dyer ; panicle 4-6 in. alternately branched with a peduncle 6-8 in., bracteoles small oblong, sepals elliptic obtuse densely tomentose externally. Saurauja.| XXIV. TERNSTRG@MIACEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 287 Assam, Griffith. Covered except on the smooth upper surface of the leaves and old wood with dense brown flocculent tomentum without scales. Leaves-8-10 by 4-5 in., broadly elliptic, oblong, rounded at both ends, abruptly and very shortly acuminate, margin with remote spinulose serratures ; petioles about 2 in. Sepals ¢ in. # ** Flowers in fascicles (the peduncle evanescent) of about 4 trichotomous cymes from the axils of fallen leaves. Styles 5, 3. S. fasciculata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40, t. 148, Cat, 1468; cymes 1-3-flowered glabrous, bracteoles minute linear-deltoid. HasterN sustropicAL Himauaxya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. .2-4000 ft., Griffith, &e. . A bush or small tree 20 ft. high, tomentose as in S. napaulensis, but the scales trun- cate and torn. Leaves 7-10 by 2-3 in., narrow elliptic-olong, acute or rounded at the base, attenuate-acuminate, obtusely serrate, glabrous above, ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 2-3 in., branches red; bracteoles #y in. Flowers 4 in. diam., pedicelled, subcampanulate, white then pink. Sepals 4 in., ovate, obtuse. 4,8. punduana, Wail. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40, Cat. 1470; cymes many- flowered scaly, bracteoles broadly ovate, flowers 2 in. diam. S. fasciculata var. abbreviata, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 27., ' Sixuim Himayaza; alt. 8-5000 ft. ; Kaasta Mrs, alt. 2-4000 ft.; Misa mitts and Birma, Griffith. : Habit of S. fasciculata, but the scales mostly acute. Leaves 8-11 by 3-4 in., acu- minate; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 3 in., rarely solitary; bracteoles #,-4 in. Flowers Zin. diam. pink, Sepals 4-4 in., broadly ovate, rounded.—Varies with elliptic obtuse leaves. 5. S. Roxburghii, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40, Cat. 1467; cymes many- flowered thinly tomentose, bracteoles deltoid acute, flowers + in. diam. Ternstreemia serrata, Roab. Hort. Beng. 40, not of Jack. Sinet and Kuasia Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft.; Currragona, J.D. H. & T. T. ; Prev, Kurz. A shrub or small tree, tomentose as in &. napaulensis, the scales minute acute. Leaves 6-14 by 2-5 in., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acute at both ends or shortly acumi- nate, obtusely serrate, smooth above, ferruginous-tomentose below ; petioles 1-2 in. Cymes 1-3 in. ; bracteoles , in. Flowers subcampanulate. Petals white, then pink. Stamens about 50. Styles 5. Berries the size of a small pea. #** Flowers (except on the old wood) in fascicles of many simple or very shortly peduncled pedicels. Styles 3 or 5. 6. S. tristyla, DC. Mém. Ternstr. 31, +. 7; leaves obovate or broadly oblong. Wall. Cat. 1466. 8. leucophloia and S. media, Korth. Verh, Nat. Gesch, Bot. 125. Scapha Candollii and S. pinangiana, Choisy Mem. Ternstr. 31, Ternstroemia pentapetala, Jack in Malay Misc. i. no. 5, 40. _T. trilocu- laris, Roxb. ex Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 40._T. bilocularis, Hoxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 522, Cleyera pentapetala, Spreng. Syst. Veg. 11. 596. Eastern Peninsuia; from Tenasserim, Helfer, to Penang, Sincapore, and Malacca, Wallich, Maingay.—Disrris. Moluccas, 8. China. A shrub or small tree; branches with grey unspotted bark. Leaves 7-10 by 24- 44 in. acuminate, spinulose-serrate, glabrous on both sides except the scale-like hairs on the nerves and the midrib beneath; petioles 4-14 in. Flowers on old wood in fascicles of about twice 3-chotomous cymes. Pedicels 3 in., scaly and hairy. Flowers 4 in. diam. Sepals obovate, obtuse. Petals white. Stamens about 20. Styles 3, rarely 5, distinct. Berries usually 3-lobed. 2 -1, S. macrotricha, Kurz, ms. ; leaves very narrowly lanceolate. 988 xxiv. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Saurauja. Brema at Durunja, alt. 1000 ft., Griffith; Yunan at Ponsee, J. Anderson. A small tree, clothed except on the old wood with stiff setose hairs. DLeaves 9-11 by 1-24 in., attenuate above and below, setosely serrate, more sparingly hairy on both surfaces ; petioles i in. Pedicels 1 in. or less, unequal. Flowers red. Sepals 4 in., elliptic, obtuse. Styles 5, connate below. #**® Flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, sessile solitary or aggregate, Styles 4, 8, S. cerea, Griff. ms. ; ovary densely hairy. Griff. Itin. Notes, 200. Buotan Hn«araya, at Murichom, alt. 3500 ft., Griffith. Asmall tree. Leaves 7-10 by 4-5 in., cuneate-obovate, acute, setosely serrate, gla- brous on both sides, veins below with distant setose scales; petioles 4 in., scaly. Flowers 1 in. diam. Sepals orbicular, densely scaly externally. Petals orbicular- obovate, white with the base blood-red, waxy. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. S. srercunironia, Griff. Itin. notes, 198, Bhotan.—Probably S. napaulensis. S. rerrvainga, Griff. Jtin. notes, 120, Bhotan. S. micranraa, Griff. Itin. notes, 71, Khasia.—Probably S. Roxburghis. 9. STACHVURUS, Sieb. & Zuce. . -QGlabrous shrubs or small trees. eaves serrate, membranous. Flowers small, in short lateral spikes or racemes. Bracts 2, connate at the base. Sepals 4, strongly imbricate. Petals 4, free. Stamens 8 ; anthers dehiscing by slits. Ovary 4-celled; style simple, stigma capitate-peltate ; ovules many. Berry 4-celled. Cotyledons elliptic, radicle short.—DisrRis, 2 known species, a Japanese and a Himalayan. 1, S. himalaicus, Hook. f. & Thoms; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. 55; leaves shortly petioled attenuate-acuminate, berries subsessile subglobose. Indeterm. Wall. Cat. 7417. ; Eastern Temperate Himauaya; Nipal, Wallich ; Sikkim, alt. 5-8000 ft., J. D. H.; Bhotan, Griffith. A small-tree with straggling branches. Leaves 4-6 by 13-2 in., ovate, with a rounded base, finely serrate, the veins strongly reticulated beneath; petioles 3-3 in. Spikes 2-3 in., erect. Berries the size of a small pea. 10. SCHIMA, Reinw. Trees with papery evergreen leaves. Peduncles usually erect, axillary or solitary, or the uppermost shortly racemed. lowers handsome, 2-bracteo- late. Sepals 5, subequal. Petals 5, much larger, connate at the base, the outermost concave and sub-cucullate. Stamens many, adnate to the base of the petals. Ovary 5- (rarely 4-6-) celled ; styles simple or slightly lobed at the apex with broad spreading stigmas ; ovules 2-6 in each cell, attached laterally, sub-pendulous. Capsule woody, depressed-globose, loculicidal, with a persistent axis. Seeds flat, kidney-shaped, dorsally winged, ‘hilum central, albumen scanty ; cotyledons foliaceous, flat or crumpled, accum- bent ; radicle inferior, curved upwards.—Distr. Tropical Asia. Species about 7. * 1. S. mollis, Dyer ; leaves quite entire with nearly simple lateral veins, peduncles 1 in. with minute white warts, fruit’ pubescent when young. Gordonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 1458. : P ee Schima.| XXIV. TERNSTR@MIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 289 Tavoy, Wallich. ‘ Branches brown with minute scattered white warts. Leaves 5-7 by 1-2 in., elliptic, tapering and acute at both ends, smooth on both surfaces with red veins; petiole ¢ in., pubescent. Peduncles thickened upwards. Sepals. , in. long, with pubescent-ciliate margins, glabrous externally. 2, S. Wallichii, Choisy in Zoll. Cat. 144; leaves entire or obscurely’ crenate-serrate with forked lateral veins, flowers in a short terminal raceme, peduncles ?-2 in. with minute white warts, fruit ? in. diam. pubescent when young, afterwards minutely warted. 8. hypoglauca, Mig. Wl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i, 484, Gordonia Wallichii, DC. Prodr. i. 528; Wall. Cat, 1455. G. integrifolia, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 52, G. Chilaunia, Ham. in Don Prodr. 225. G. sp. Groff. Notul. iv. 562, t. 600. Eastern Himataya, from Nipal, Wallich, and Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H., to Bhotan, Grifith. Assam, Currracone, and the Kuasia Mrts,, alt. 2-4000 ft., Wallech, &c. Burma, Grifith— Disrris. Sumatra. A tree 80-100 ft., with rough or smooth, pale or brown bark. Leaves 6-7 by 2-3 in., elliptic-oblong, tapering or rounded below, acute or slightly acuminate, glabrous aud’ reddish-veined above, reticulate and more or less pubescent beneath; petiole 4 in., ubescent. Peduwneles rather slender; bracts } in., alternate, narrow oblong, retuse. lowers 14-2 in. diam., white, fragrant. Sepals 4 in. long, with. pubescent-ciliate mar- gins, glabrous, or slightly pubescent outside. Petals pubescent outside at the base. 3. S. crenata, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot, 143, t. 29 ; leaves faintly cre- nate-serrate, flowers in a loose terminal corymb, peduncles 13-2 in. smooth slender, fruit 4 in, diam. pubescent. Gordonia floribunda, Wall. Cat. 1456; Grif. Notul. iv. 563, G. oblata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 572. G. sp. Groff. Lec. 562. . Eastern Peninsuva, from Tenasserim to Penang. Birma, Griffith—Drsrars. Borneo, ‘ umatra, A tree 30-60 ft. Branchlets compressed, pubescent. Leaves about.6 by 2 in., elliptic, acute at the base, acuminate, glabrous on both surfaces, rather leaden-coloured above;. petiole 4 in., glabrous, lowers 14 in. diam., white, fragrant. Sepals hardly ¢ in., long, margins scarcely ciliate, glabrous externally. Petals pubescent externally at the base. Stigma 4-5-lobed, peltate—The Borneo and Sumatra specimens have ciliate sepals, pubescent externally. I agree, however, with Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 64), that they must be united with the Indian forms. S. Noronhe has fewer and larger flowers and stouter peduncles. 4,S. khasiana, Dyer; leaves strongly serrate with nearly simple. lateral veins, flowers from the axils of fallen leaves, peduncles ¢ in. stout with minute white warts, fruit 2 in. diam. rough, Gordonia superba, Hook. f. & Thoms, ms. (not of Gard. d& Champ.) Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Griffith, &c. A tree with white bark. Leaves 5-6 by 2-2} in., ovate, acute, glabrous on both surfaces, reticulate beneath; petiole 4 in., glabrous. Flowers 24 in. diam. Sepals ¢ in. long, with pubescent-ciliate margins, pubescent externally. Petals silky-pubescent externally on the lower half. ; ll. PYRENARIA, Blume. Shrubs or trees. Leaves serrate, large and submembranous. Vowers sub- sessile, axillary, erect or nodding. Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduating from the bracts to the petals. Petals connate at the base. Stamens very numerous, mostly connate, adnate to the base of the petals. Ovary 5-celled ; styles 5, free, or partially united ; ovules 2 in each cell, attached laterally. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent. Seeds oblong, stout, wingless out a thick VOL, I, P 290 xxiv. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Pyrenaria. woody testa ; albumen 0; cotyledons large, crumpled or conduplicate ; radicle inferior, inflexed.—Distrre. Malay Penins. & Ind. Arch, Species about 7. * Leaves pubescent beneath. 1. P. acuminata, Planch. ex Choisy Mém. Ternstr. 84; bracts and sepals ovate acute, Ternstreemia? macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 3663 om Herb. Linn. Soc. Gordonia (Camellia?) acuminata, Wall. Cat. 3664 in Herb, Kew, Eastern Penineura, Malacca and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. Branches densely hairy. Leaves 8-12 by 24-4 in., oblanceolate, obscurely serrulate, shortly acuminate, glabrous above; petiole 4-3 in., pubescent. Flowers 14 in. diam, shortly stalked. Bracts and sepals velvety externally. Petals round, silky externally, ac within. Ovarysilky. Fruit 14 by 1 in. when dry, pomaceous, wrinkled, nally nearly glabrous. ** Beaves glabrous beneath. 2, P. camellieflora, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 46 ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong subacuminate crenato-serrulate. Peau, Kurz; Marrasan, Brandis. A small tree, 25-30 ft. high. Leaves 5-7 by 14-2 in., yellowish-green even when dried; petiole § in. Flowers $ in. diam., white; bracteoles small and as well as the sepals and petals silky externally. Ovary silky. Drupe about 1 in. long, obovoid, succulent, at first slightly pubescent, then pruinose. Seeds 2. 3. P. attenuata, Seem.in Linn. Trans. xxii. 340 ; leaves obovate serru- late, flowers 2 in. diam. Freziera? attenuata, Wall. Cat. 1451. Thea viridis var, assamica, Choisy Mém, Ternsir. 91, Thea assamica, aff. sp., Choisy Lc. 68, Tavoy, Gomez. Branches glabrous; buds silky. Leaves 6-7 by 24-3 in., obtuse or very shortly acuminate ; petiole 4in. Flowers very shortly peduncled. Bracts, sepals, and petals orbicular, pubescent externally. Ovary pubescent; styles united below, glabrous above. 4, B. barringtoniefolia, Seem. in Bonpl. vii. 49; leaves spathulate strongly serrate, flowers 1} in. diam, Husynaxis barringtoniefolia, Grif. Notul. iv. 560, t. 603, £. 1, 2, 3. Assam, Griffith; Garrow hills in Easrern Benear, Lobb. A shrub 6 ft., with glabrous branches and pubescent buds. Leaves 8-10 by 24-33 in, tip rounded or truncate, cuspidate-acuminate ; petiole 4 in. Flowers yellowish-white, very shortly peduncled. racts, ae and petals orbicular, erose-crenate, pubes- cent externally. Ovarysilky, grooved ; styles distinct. Fruit ovoid, 14 in. long when dry, longitudinally wrinkled, glabrous. i) 12. GORDONIA, Ellis. Trees with evergreen entire or crenate leaves. Fowers usually handsome, often subsessile, solitary in the axils of the leaves or collected at the ends of the branches, 2-4-bracteolate. Sepals usually 5, unequal, graduating from the bracts to the petals. /etals free or often slightly connate at the base, the innermost larger. Stamens pete ge or all connate, adnate to the petals. Ovary 3-5- (rarely e celled ; style single with a stout spreading stigma; ovules 4-8 in each cell. Capsule oblong, woody, Isenlicidal with a persistent axis. Seeds flat or compressed, prolonged upwards into an oblong wing peed obsolete) albumen 0; embryo, mostly straight, oblique, with ovate at or slightly crumpled cotyledons ; radicle superior.—Distris. N. America, Tropical Asia, Malay Archipelago. Species about 10. Gordonia,| XXIV. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 291 1G. excelsa, Blume, Bijd. iii. 130; leaves very shortly petioled narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate more or less acuminate obscurely serrulate usually coriaceous, G. singaporiana, Wall. Cat. 1457 (in part) Antheeis- chima excelsa, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 138, t. 27. Dipterosperme sp. ‘Grif, Notul. iv. 564. Buoran Himauaya, (var. 1), Griffith ; Easrern Peninsuua, Sincapore, G. Thomson; Malacca, Maingay.—Distris. Java, Amboyna. Bark of young branches cracking transversely and scaling off. Leaves 4-10 by 14-3 in., tapering at both ends; midrib strong; veins faint; petiole} in. Peduncles }+ in., short, pubescent. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., pinkish, fragrant. Sepals and petals rather fleshy, orbicular, silky-pubescent externally with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in. long. Valves flat on the back, more or less tapering upwards. Var. 1. pubescens; buds and young shoots pubescent. Var. 2. sincapuriana; buds and young shoots glabrous. 2. G. obtusa, Wall. Cat. 1459 ; leaves shortly petioled narrowly elliptic tapering at both ends, obtuse or obtusely acuminate crenate papery. G. obtusifolia and G. parvifolia, Wight JU. i.99. Saurauja crenulata, Wight in Wall. Cat. 1459 (not of DC.). Moonrtains of the Western Peninsuva, from the Concan to the Pulney hills. Cryton ? A tall tree; young branches with grey striate persistent bark, at first compressed ; buds silky. Leaves 2-4 by 1-14 in.; midrib strong; petioles § in. Peduncles short, pubescent. Flowers 1} in. diam., white. Sepals orbicular, silky-pubescent externally ; the inpuibrenious petals faintly so. Capsule 1 in. long, 5-angled, the valves deeply sul- cate above. : 3, G. Maingayi, Dyer ; leaves petioled oblanceolate tapering below obtusely acuminate with obscurely serrulate and slightly revolute edges subcoriaceous, margins of petals and sepals glabrous. Matacca, Maingay. Branchlets numerous, slender, with grey and persistent bark; buds silky. Leaves Shy 1-12 in.; petioles $in. Flowers 1 in. diam., subsessile. Sepals and petals orbi- cular, retuse, silk y-pubescent externally, with membranous edges. Capsule 1 in. long, stained inside with purple; valves nearly flat on the back.—Closely allied to G. obtusa, but the subsessile flower-buds and flowers are smaller and the leaves stouter. 4,G@. zeylanica, Wight Ill. i. 99; leaves shortly petioled elliptic- oblanceolate tapering at both ends with a minute retuse glandular point entire rather coriaceous. Cer.on ; forests of the Central Province, alt. 4-7000 ft., Walker, &c. Bark of young branches persistent, smooth. Leaves 3-4 by 1-2 in.; midrib strong; veins obsolete; petiole 4 in. Peduncles short, glabrous. "lowers 14 in. diam., white. Sepals orbicular, smooth, retuse ; margins ciliate. Petals slightly pubescent externally towards the base. . Var. 1. lanceolate, Thwaites Enum. 40; young branches pilose, leaves narrow. , Wi 2. elliptica, Thw. l.c. (excl. syn. Gardner); young branches smooth, leaves roader, 5. G. elliptica, Gard, in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 448 ; leaves sessile broadly elliptic rounded at both ends retuse at the apex entire slightly: coriaceous. Cryton; Gardner, Newera Ellia, G. Thomson. . A large tree. Branchlets with, the leaves crowded at their extremities; bark crack- ing across and lengthwise. Leaves about 3 by 14 in, upper surface reticulate-veined ; midrib strongly marked below, channelled above. Flowers 2-3 in. diam., sessile, white. Sepals orbicular, emarginate, puberulous externally. Petals obcordiform, ia U 292 xxiv. TERNSTRGMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Gordonia, Capsule 1-1} in.; back of valves sulcate.—Thwaites does not appear to have seen spe- cimens of this plant, which differs from G. zeylanica in its sessile, more coriaceous leaves with slightly revolute margins when dry, and its larger flowers. 6. G. speciosa, Thwaites Enum. 40; leaves sessile broadly elliptic rounded and retuse at the apex entire coriaceous. Carria speciosa, Gard. in Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist, vii. 7. Cryron ; damp forests of the Central Province, rather uncommon, alt. 5000 ft. and upwards, Gardner, &c. Sid A tree 40-50 ft. Branchlets with the leaves crowded at their extremities ; bark grey, cracking longitudinally. Buds glabrous. Leaves 3-5. by 13-3 in., slightly revo- Tate when dried; midrib strong, channelled above; veins obsolete. Flowers 2-4 in, diam., subsessile, reddish-purple. - Sepals and petals orbicular-oblong, obcordate ; sepals smooth, margins ciliate; petals faintly silky externally towards the base. Capsule 1} in. long; back of valves sulcate above. Gorponza anomaua, Spreng. Syst. iti. 126, is figured in Bot Reg. 349, under the name of Camellia axillaris, Roxb. ms., and is stated to have been introduced by Dr. Rox- burgh into the Calcutta Botanic Garden from Pulo-Penang. 1 have seen, however, no specimens except from 8. China, whence it is probably not indigenous in Penang. 13. CAMELLIA, Linn. Trees or shrubs. Leaves evergreen, serrate, coriaceous or membranous, Flowers axillary, solitary, or aggregated, sessile or shortly stalked, often handsome. Sepals 5-6, unequal, graduating from the bracts towards the petals. Petals slightly coherent at the base. Stamens numerous, the outer- most in many rows, slightly or almost wholly monadelphous, adherent to the base of the petals ; the innermost, 5-12, free. Ovary 3-5-celled ; styles free to the base, or more or less united ; ovules 4-5 in each cell, pendulous. Capsule woody, usually short, loculicidal, Seeds mostly solitary in each cell, wingless, albumen 0; embryo straight, cotyledons thick, radicle short, Ce ee Trop. and East. Asia and Malay Archipelago. Species about 14. Sect. J. Thea, Linn, lowers nodding, sepals persistent. 1, CG. theifera, Grif. Notul. iv. 558, t. 601, f. i. & iii. ; Trans, Agric. Soe. Calc, v. (1838), t. C; leaves elliptic-oblong acute or cuspidate-acuminate pu- berulous on the nerves beneath, peduncles 2-3-bracteate short, styles and stamens glabrous, Thea chinensis, Linn.; Seem.in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxii. t. 61, T. assamica, Masters in Journ. Agric. & Hort. Soc. Ind, iii. (1844), 63. Assam Tea, Wall. Journ, Asiat. Soc. Beng. iv. 48, t. 2. Camellia? Scottiana, Wall. Cat. 3668, (see Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii, 328). Camellia sp., Griff, Trans. Agric. & Hort. Soc. Ind. v. (1838), t.B. Eurya angustifolia, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack. 483 (a cultivated form). Urrer Assam, Wallich; Cacuar (fide T. Anderson).—Disrris. China. A shrub, 3-6 ft. high. Branchlets glabrous; buds silky. Leaves 4-8 by 14-24 in. tapering at either end, more or less serrate, membranous ; petivle 4 in. lowers 1} in. diam., white. Sepals orbicular, glabrous, with membranous ciliate edges. Petals broadly obovate. Styles united for § their length. Capsule leathery, trigonous ; cells 1- rarely 2-seeded. Seeds 7 in. diam., nearly globose or obtusely angled, smooth, pale brown.— Possibly the wild stock of the tea plant. The cultivated forms vary with more con- tracted habit, smaller, more obtuse and coriaceous leaves, and a pubescent calyx. In J. W. Bennett's Ceylon, 277, the Tea plant is alluded to and figured as having been found in that island by the Dutch. This, however, was not confirmed by the writer or by any subsequent observer. Camellia] XXIV. TERNSTR@MIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 293 2, G. caudata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 36 ; leaves elliptic-oblong caudate- acuminate sparsely puberulous beneath, peduncles imbricate-bracteate short, stamens and styles hairy. Wall. Cat. 978 ; Griff. Notul. iv. 559, t. 601, f. ii; Trans, Agric, & Hort, Soc. Ind. v. (1838), t. A. gee Mrs. and Sinner, Wallich, &c.; Buotan Himataya, Booth; Misum1 Huts, afith. ranchlets slender; buds silky. Leaves 3-4 by $-1 in., serrate, membranous with a strong midrib pubescent’ beneath; petiole £ in., pubescent. Flowers about 1 in. diam., white. Sepals ovate, silky externally. Petals obovate, puberulous externally. Capsule Zin. diam., trigonously-spherical, 1-celled, 1-seeded. . Szct, II. Camellia proper. lowers erect, sepals deciduous. 3. C. drupifera, Zour. Fl. Cochin. 411, ex Seem. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxii, 344; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong tapering below with a long acuminate apex coriaceous, stamens glabrous, styles nearly free woolly at the base. C. Kissi, Wall. in As. Res. xiii. 429; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv. 48, t.2; Pl. As. Rar. ii. 36, t. 256. C. keina, Don Prodr, 224. C. mastersia, Grif. Notul. iv. 539. C. simplicifolia, Grif, Motul. iv. 560, t. 604, f. ii. C. sym- eel Groff. Itin. 40, C. caudata, Griff. [tin. 40 (not of Wail.). C. oleifolia, . Cat, 976, Eastern Howaraya; alt. 3-7000 ft.; from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith; Assam and Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-8000 ft.; Tewasserm and Anpaman Isuanps, Helfer. A shrub or small tree, with much divided slender branches. Branchlets slightly puberulent ; buds with loose scales, sparingly pubescent. Leaves 3-4 by I-14 in., serrulate especially towards the apex, often slightly revolute; veins faint; petiole} in. Flowers if in. diam , white, with the odour of cherry-laurel. Sepals orbicular, silky externally. Petals obovate, emarginate, scarcely hairy externally. Ovary woolly. Capsule uearly lin. diam., at first pyriform and pubescent, ultimately depressed-globose and smooth. Seeds 1-8.—C. Sasanqua, of China and.Japan, has less, acuminate leaves, obcordate or 2-lobed petals and connate styles. 4, G. lutescens, Dyer; leaves elliptic-oblong tapering or rounded below caudate-acuminate membranous, styles short, stigmas recurved, cap- sule drupaceous (when young only 4). ss Misuur Hixzs, high up on Laim-planj-thaya, Griff. Journ. p. 38, Kew Distrib. 777 and 779. A shrub with much divided pale grey branchés and buds silky within, Leaves 2-34 by 1-14 in., closely serrate ; midrib prominent below and pale; petiole 4 in. puberu- lous. Flowers 1 in. diam., crowded towards the ends of the branches, sessile, white, then yellowish, fragrant. Sepals orbicular, membranous, thinly pubescent internally. Petals obovate, smooth, Ovary with loug silky hairs. 5. C.7 sp. n. ; ashrub 10 ft, with puberulous shoots and pubescent buds and. petioles. Leaves 4~7 by 14-2 in., oblong, tapering at both ends, crenate serrate, obtuse acuminate, papery, glabrous on both surfaces ; petiole 3 in. Flowers 1 in. diam, erect; the orbicular, minutely mucronate sepals and obovate petals both pubescent externally ; styles 5, distinct, very short ; ovary silky. ‘ Moutmery, Lobb, alt. 3000 ft.; a single specimen. _ have no means of identifying the plant found by Griffith on the Mishmi moun- tains (Journ, 88 and 4), and called by him Camellia axillaris. 14 ARCHYTZEEA, Martius. Leaves evergreen, semiamiplexicaul, smooth. Flowers on a lateral com- pressed peduncle, 3 or more together, rarely solitary Bracts subfoliaceous. 294 xxiv. TERNSTREMIACER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Archytea. Sepals and petals each 5. Stamens numerous, 5-adelphous ; anthers versa- tile. Ovary 5-celled; styles distinct_or wholly united ; ovules numerous in many imbricating rows. Capsule acuminate, septicidal from below, with a persistent central axis. Seeds linear-subcylindric, albumen scanty. —DistTEB. Trop. Amer, and Indian Archipelago. Species 3. 1, A. Vahlii, Choisy Mém. Ternstr. 73. Hypericum alternifolium, Vahl Symb, ii. t. 42; DC. Prodr. i. 545; Wall. Cat. 4806. Ploiarium elegans, Korth. Verb. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 135, t. 25. Eastern Pensmnsuta; Malacca, Griffith; Sincapore, Wallich; Penang, Jack.— Distris. Borneo. a A shrub or small tree. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, narrow oblan- ceolate, acute; margins and midrib red. Flowers 1 in. long, pink. Styles 4 in. long, distinct, A plant of which I have seen only specimens in fruit, collected by Maingay at Penang, and described below, is probably the type of a new Ternstremiaceous genus.— Leaves, alternate, 2-3 by 1-14 in., elliptic, acute, coriaceous, with close patent lateral veins ;. petiole 1 in. wers from the axils of fallen leaves, forming a terminal panicle; peduncle # in. long, thickened upwards. Sepals 5, imbricate. Immature fruzt ovoid, apiculate, drupaceous, containing 2 1-seeded cells. Orpen XXV. DIPTEROCARPEZ.. (By W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) Resinous trees, rarely climbing shrubs. eaves alternate, simple, quite entire, rarely sinuate-crenate, with parallel lateral nerves; stipules usually small and deciduous, or inconspicuous, sometimes larger and persistent, or fugitive, leaving an annular scar. lowers usually sweet-scented in few- or many-flowered axillary and terminal racemes or panicles. Bracts usually minute or 0, rarely larger and persistent. Calyx-tube free and campanulate, or very short and adnate to the base of the ovary. Petals contorted, connate at the base or free. Stamens », 15, 10 or 5, hypogynous or subperigynous, free, connate, or adnate to the petals, filaments short, often dilated at the base ; anthers 2-celled, the outer valves sometimes larger, connective often aristate or with an obtuse appendage. Ovary slightly immersed in the torus, usually 3- rarely 2- or 1-celled; style subulate or fleshy, entire or with 3 minute stigmatic lobes; ovules anatropous, z in each cell, pendulous or laterally affixed (solitary and erect in Ancistrocladus). Fruit usually nut- like, sometimes capsular and 3-valved, 1- rarely 2-seeded, accompanied by the variously accrescent calyx of which two or more lobes are usually developed into linear wings. Seed exalbumous ne fleshy and ruminated in Ancistrocladus) ; cotyledons fleshy, equal or unequal, straight or more or less pluie and crumpled ; radicle directed towards the hilum, usually included etween the cotyledonsDisrrr, Confined (except 3 Tropical African Species) to Tropical Eastern Asia; genera about 13, species about 170. * Calyx much enlarged in fruit, segments erect. Calyx in fruit with a distinct tube, Fruit-free. 2. 2 1 1 1 8 ge ee eo ee ee hw 6A. Diererocarrus, Fruit adnate to the calyx. All the calyx-lobes enlarged. Stamens 5-10, ovary’ 1- celled, 2. 2 1 yg ee eee ge ee ee 6 2, ANCISTROCLADUS, Two ealyx-lobes enlarged, Stamens o, ovary 3-celled . . 3, ANISOPTERA, XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 295° ‘Calyx in fruit with an obscure tube. Aistivation of the calyx subvalvate; stamens 15 Aistivation of the calyx imbricate. Three or all the calyx-segments enlarged ; stamens 15-0, - ss « 4 Varioa. subulate-cuspidate . oe ew ew a we we ew 6 6S. Sonn, Two calyx-segments enlarged; stamens 10-15, subulate- cuspidate . . . . . . 66. Horza. * Two calyx-seements enlarged; stamens 15, with an obtuse appendage 49 Poe w@ Ge Ss & woe Te Doon ** Calyx scarcely enlarged in fruit, segments reflexed, Stamens l5-—ma ww ww wwe we we ee tw «8 VareRiA, Stamens5 . . se ee o © © «69 Monoporanpra, 1, DIPTEROCARPUS, Garin. f. Lofty trees, stellately pubescent or more or less clothed with fascicled hairs. Leaves coriaceous, entire or sinuate-crenate, lateral nerves not quite opposite, connected by marginal loops and transverse reticulations ; petiole usually more or less tumid at the apex; stipules large, valvate, enclosing the terminal bud, finally caducous leaving an annular scar. lowers large,. racemed, white or reddish. Calya-tube free. Petals usually pubescent ex- ternally especially on the outer margin. Stamens © ; anthers linear, equi- valved, acuminate. Ovary 3-celled ; style filiform ; ovules 2 in each cell, Fruit nut-like, 1- rarely 2-seeded, inclosed in the accrescent calyx-tube, free; wings 2, erect. Seed adnate to the base of the pericarp ; cotyledons large, thick, unequal ; radicle inconspicuous.—Distriz. Tropical E, Asia ; species about 50. * Calyx-tube in fruit without ribs or wings. t Young branches glabrous or canescent. 1, D. turbinatus, Gertn. f Fruct. iii. 51, t. 188; leaves ovate or broadly lanceolate entire or sinuate-crenate acute base rounded, fruit-wings 5 by 1 in. linear-oblanceolate obtuse 3-nerved. Ham. in Mem. Wern, Soc, vi, 300; Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 612 ; Corom. Pl. iii. 10, t. 218; Wall. Cat. 952 ; A, DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 607. D. levis, Ham. lc. 299; A. DC. ic. D. indicus, Bedd. Forest Rep. 1864-5, 17 with tab. Eastern Benaau and Eastern Peninsuva, from Chittagong and Pegu to Sincapore. (Concan and Ceylon cult. ?) . Young branches compressed. Leaves 5-12 by 24-7 in.; glabrous on both surfaces or slightly pubescent, especially on the nerves and margins, lateral nerves 14-18 pairs; petiole 14-3 in.; stipules with dense stellate canescence, pubescent towards the apex: Racemes 3-5-flowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calya-tube obconic, hoary-puberulous; in fruit 1 in, diam., sub-spheroidal, mouth contracted, unenlarged lobes deltoid-ovate. Petals pinkish-white. Nut pubescent.—The Gurjun oil tree.—Kanyin. 2 D. vestitus, Wail. Cat. 954; leaves elliptic obtuse at both ends, margins sinuate-crenate and ciliate, Tavoy, Gomez. Young branches compressed, clothed in every part except the glabescent upper sur- faces of the leaves with stellate canescence. eaves 7 by 5 in., margins undulate, lateral nerves 15 pairs; petiole 1} in. Racemes about 6-flowered. Calyz-tube obtusely obconic ; lobes short, broadly deltoid, obtuse.—I have seen no fruit. tt Young branches more or less hairy. 3. D. obtusifolius, Zeysm. in Mig. Ann, Mus. i. 214; leaves broadly 206 Xxv. DIPTEROCARPEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Dipterocarpus ovate obtuse sinuate-crenate, base rounded, fruit-wings 5 by 1 in. linear- oblanceolate 1- or sub-3-nerved. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608. Moutmety and Raneoon, Griffith, &c. ; ascending 3000 ft., Brandis.—Disrris. Siam. The compressed young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 8-94 by 4-54 in., glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath, margins undulate sometimes ciliate, lateral nerves 12-14 pairs; petioles 1-14 in. Calya-tube in frait 14 in, diam., depressed spheroidal, mouth contracted, sparsely hispid, at length glabrous, unenlarged lobes cordiform. Nut silkily pubescent.—Engnu. Kan.—In Indian specimens the mar- gins of the leaves are smooth, in those from Siam, their upper surface is glabrescent. A plant collected in Pegu by Kurz differs in the stif—fly-tomentose young parts, subobtuse leaves, and acute fruit-wings. ; 4. D. hispidus, Thwaites Enum, 33; leaves broadly elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate base slightly cordate sinuate-crenate, fruit-wings 6 by 14 in. linear-obovate obtuse, principal nerve with 3-4 strong ascending branches, 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608. Cryton; Saffragam District and Ratnapoora. , Young branches, stipules, petioles and the prominent reticulations on the under surface of the leaves clothed with spreading ‘rufous fascicled hairs. Deaves 5-12 by 8}-7 inch. (25 by 11 on young trees), lateral nerves 15-24 pairs ; petiole 1-2} in. Calyw- tube obconic, densely pubescent, in fruit ovoid, obscurely 5-angled, glabrescent. Nut striate, glabrescent.—D. oblongifolius, Zhw. Enum. 33 (not of Blume). D. oblongus, A, DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608, is said by Thwaites to have smaller leaves, but appears to me in other respects indistinguishable. __5. D. pilosus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. 615 ;' leaves elliptie- oblong very shortly acuminate base acute or rounded margins with fascicled cilia, fruit-wings 6-83 by 14-12 in. linear-oblong retuse usually strongly 3-nerved glabrous. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2,614. D. Baudii, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 59, t. 5; Kurz in Journ. As, Soc, Beng. 1870, ii 65 ; A. DC. Prodr, lc. 609. Assam, Grifith; Peau and Currracona, Roxburgh, &e.*: Anpaman Isi., Kurz.— Disrais. Sumatra. : Compressed young branches, stipules and petioles densely hairy. Leaves 6-18 by 3-12 in., glabrons above, sparingly hairy on the reticulations beneath, lateral nerves 24 pairs; petiole 14-3 in. Calyx-tube in fruit 2 in. long, ovoid or obovoid, glabrous, mouth not contracted, unenlarged lobes orbicular. Mut densely pubescent.—An Assam plant collected by G. Mann has identical fruits but leaves 7 by 4 in., elliptic, acute, vase rounded, minutely tawny-pubescent beneath. 6. D. crinitus, Dyer ; leaves obovate acute margins entire slightly recurved when dried fringed with short fascicled hairs, fruit-wings (immature) 33 in. linear deltoid obtuse or acute 3-nerved, Matacca, Maingay.—Drstr1s. Borneo. . Young branches, petioles, prominent nerves on the under surface of the leaves and pedicels clothed with long fascicled hairs. Leaves 4-6 by 2-33 in., coriaceous, thinly hairy above especially on the midrib, lateral nerves 15-18 pairs; stipules glabrous except a few fascicled hairs on the dorsal nerve; peticle 14-14 in. Racemes about 6-flowered. Calyx-tube obconic, glaucous, obovoid in immature fruit, contracted below the mouth, glabrous, unenlarged lobes broadly elliptic. ** Calya:-tube in fruit 5-angled or winged. t Angles conjined to the upper portion of the calyx-tube, 7. D. cornutus, Dyer ; leaves oblong rounded at both ends or tip apiculate sinuate-crenate, calyx-tube in fruit tubercular-pentagonal above, mouth contracted, ga Dipterocarpus.| XXV. DIPTEROCARPES. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 297 Matacea, Maingay. ' Young branches compressed, canescent. Leaves 10-18 by 4-8 in., plabrous above, canescent beneath, lateral nerves 19 pairs with a persistent intermediate plication ; petiole 2 in.; stipules 4-6 in., canescent with scattered fascicled hairs. Racemes 4-6 in., simple, about 8-flowered. Calya-tube in fruit 2 ia. long, glabrous, wings linear-spathulate. 8. D. tuberculatus, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 614; leaves cordiform acute base cordate or truncate margins sinuate-crenate undulate, calyx-tube in fruit pentangular-costate in its upper part, mouth contracted. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 614. D, cordatus, Wall. Cat. 956; A. DC. 1c.612. D. grandi- folius, Teysm. in Mig. Ann. Mus. i. 214. a Cuirracone, Roxburgh ; Raneoon, McClelland ; Birmah, Wallich—Disrnis. Siam. . Young branches compressed, glabrous or canescent. Leaves 10-18 by 5-14 in., late- ral nerves 15 pairs ; petiole 4-5 in.; stipules 3-5 in. “Racemes 5-6 in., simple or 2-fid, 4%-flowered. Flowers large, rose-coloured. Calyx-tube in fruit 12 by 1 in., wings 44-5 by 14-13 in., linear-elliptic, obtuse, 3-nerved.—Enben. Var. grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 957 (sp.), every part canescent, racemes 8 in. 9-flowered. —Attran. I could not agree with Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 64, but corrected in Regensb. Flora, 1872, 189), that the foliage of D. cordatus, Wall. (not cordifolius, as cited) is identical with that of D. obtusifolius. Miquel describes the calyx-tube in fruit as “exalatus;” it does not appear however that he ever saw it mature, tt Angles or wings prolonged to the base of the calyx-tube or nearly so. u, Angles costate. z 9. D. zeylanicus, Thwaites Enum, 33 ; leaves elliptic or ovate-oblong slightly apiculate base rounded margins faintly crenate, calyx-tube in fruit urceolate. A. DU. Prodr. xvi. 2, 610. Ceyton, ascending to 3000 feet. : Young branches, compressed, glabrous. Leaves 8 by 4 in., lateral nerves 17-22 pairs ; petiole 14-2 in. [Racemes 2-fid near the base, 6-12-flowered. Thw.| Petals Llood- red with pale yellowish margins. Calyx-tube in fruit 1 in. long; wings 5-7 in., linear- oblong, obtuse, sub-3 nerved, unenlarged lobes 2-1 in., ovate-oblong, obtuse. Nut densely canescent. : 8. Angles winged. 10. D. seaber, Ham. in Mem. Wern. Soc. vi. 300; leaves oblong-ovate acute base slightly cordate, racemes 4-9-flowered, calyx-tube in fruit obovoid pilose angles with narrow membranous wings. D., alatus, 4. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 611 an part, not of Roxb. ’ Eastern Bencau; Mountains in Southern Tippera, Hamilton. Clothed with brown fascicled hairs; young branches subcompressed. Leaves about 4 by 2 in., pilose on both surfaces, lateral nerves 12 pairs; petiole ¢ in. Calyx-tube in fruit 2 in., pilose, mouth contracted, fruit-wings 3 in., linear oblong obtuse. " ll. D. glandulosus, Thwaites Enum, 34; leaves oblong-lanceolate acuminate base acute margins slightly ciliate, racemes 2~3-flowered, flowers shortly pedicelled (calyx-tube in fruit subglobose the angles with wings broadest in the middle but not reaching to the pedicel. Thw.). A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 612. " Cryton; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, Thwattes. The subcompressed young branches, petioles and stipules stellately puberulent and thinly hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 2-2} in., glabrous above, glandular-puberulous beneath, lateral nerves 11 pairs; eine 2-1 in. [Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 8-4 by Zin, Thw.] Petals about 1} in. long, yellow. , 208 XxV. DIPTEROCARPEZ. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Dipterocarpus. 12. D. seabridus, Thwaites Enum. 34 ; leaves elliptic-oblong acuminate base rounded margins ciliate, calyx-tube in fruit subglobose with distant stellate hairs angles with undulate wings 4 in. wide reaching to the pedicel. A, DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 612. Ceyton ; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. z : Young branches, petioles, and the under surface of the midrib with appressed hairs. Leaves about 7 by 23-3 in., glabrous above,’glabrescent beneath except on the midrib and nerves, lateral nerves 12-15 pairs; petiole 2 in. Fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 4 by 1 in. linear-lanceolate, obtuse. , 13. D. alatus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind, ii. 614; leaves ovate or elliptic acute, calyx-tube in fruit globose angles with wings 3 in. broad, Wall. Cat. 953 ; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 611 in part. D, costatus, Goertn. f. Fruct, iii, 50, t. 187 (bad). D. gonopterus, Turcz. in Mose. Bull. 1863, 576 ; A, DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 612, Oleoxylon balsamiferum, Wall. Cat. p. 157. Currracone, Brrua, Tenxasserim, ANDAMAN IsLanps.—Distris. Siam. Young branches compressed, pubescent. Leaves 54 by 3 in., shiuing above, more or less pubescent beneath, margins ciliate, latvral nerves 15 pairs; petiole 14 in., softly pubescent-hairy ; stipules pilose. Racemes about 7-flowered. Calya-tube in fruit 1 in. diam., smooth, fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 4-5 by 1 in., linear-ovate or spathulate, obtuse, 8-nerved, unenlarged lobes orbicular—Kanyin.—Geertner’s figure is bad as is shown by Hamilton’s specimens in the Banksian Herbarium, from which it appears to have been drawn ; his specific name suits the drawing, but is inapplicable to the species. I have therefore adopted Roxburgh’s. 14. D. ineanus, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 614; leaves ovate obtuse. W.d& A, Prodr, 84; A. DC. Prodr, xvi, 2, 611. Currracone, Roxburgh; Psau, Kurz. Young parts and compressed branches softly hairy-pubescent. Leaves 6 by 4} in., thinly pubescent on both surfaces, margins ciliate, lateral nerves 12 pairs, pubescent beneath ; petiole 2 in., softly pubescent. Calyz-tube (in flower) softly pubescent, strongly winged. 15. D. insignis, Thwaites Enum. 34 ; leaves ovate apiculate base obtuse, flowers subsessile, calyx-tube in fruit narrowly ovoid, angles with wings ¢ in. wide mouth scarcely contracted, fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) with one principal nerve. A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 612. Ceyton; Saffragam district, Thwaites. Young bran. hes densely pubescent ultimately glabrescent. Leaves 4-6 by 24-8 in. labrous above, pubescent or glabrous on the nerves beneath, margins sinuate-crenate, lateral nerves 11 pairs; petiole 4-2 in., silky-pubescent, finally transversely rugose. Jtacemes 3-5 flowered. Flowerslarge. Petals 24 in. long, yellow on the inner, reddish on the outer margin. Calyx-tube in fruit about 1 in. long; immature fruit-wings: (calyx-lobes) 23-3 in., linear-oblong, obtuse. 16. D. pterygocalyx, Scheff. Obs, Phyt. ii. 35; leaves elliptic ovate or oblong-ovate shortly and abruptly acuminate base truncate, calyx-tube in fruit ovoid angles with wings nearly 4 in. wide mouth slightly contracted, fruit wings (calyx-lobes) sub-3-nerved central nerve prominent, Matacca, Maingay.—Distris. Banca. Young branches subcompressed with deciduous canescence. Leaves 4-10 by 3-5 in., glabrous on both surfaces, margins sinuate-crenate and undulate, lateral nerves about 18 pairs, rather remote; petiole 2-3 in.; stipules pale, glabrous. acemes about 5-flowered. Calya-tube in fruit 2 in. long, glabrous; fruit-wings 7 by 14-2 in., linear- oblong, obtuse, unenlarged lobes broadly ovate or orbicular. Dipterocarpus.] XXV. DIPTEROCARPES. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 299 17. D. Griffithii, Wig. Ann. Mus, Bot. i. 213 ; leaves ovate acute base rounded, calyx-tube in fruit oblong ovoid angles with wings fully 4 in. wide mouth uncontracted, fruit-wings with 3 parallel approximate nerves. A, DC. Prodr. xvi. 2,612. D. grandiflorus, Grif. Notul. iv. 515, not of Wall. Mereut, Griffith; Sours Anpaman Istanp, Kurz. Young branches subcumpressed, canescent. Leaves 6 by 4 in., glabrous on both sur- faces, lateral nerves about 13 pairs; petiole 2-24 in.,: stipules canescent. Racemes 34Aflowered. Calya-tube in fruit 2-3 in. long; fruit-wings (calyx-lobes) 54-6 by 1-12 in,, linear-spathulate, obtuse, sparingly reticulate, uneularged lobes broadly del- toid.—Distinguished from D. pterygocalysx by the distinctly 3-nerved calyx-wings, and the unenlarged calyx-lobes not being contracted at the base. D. Motleyanus, Hook. f., from Borneo, is closely allied. . DOUBTFUL SPECIES. D. ancustrrouius, W. & A. Prodr. 84; D. costatus, Roxb. Fil. Ind. ii. 613 (not of Gertn.).—Chittagong. 2. ANCISTROCLADUS, Wall. Smooth climbing shrubs with short supra-axillary often arrested and circinately hooked branches. Leaves usually in terminal tufts, coriaceous, entire, reticulately feather-veined ; stipules small, caducous or incon- spicuous. lowers usually small, very caducous, in terminal or lateral panicles. Calyx-tube at first very short, adnate to the base of the ovary with imbricate lobes, finally turbinate and adnate to the fruit with the lobes unequally enlarged, spreading and membranous. Stamens 5 or 10, subpe- ’ rigynous. Ovary 1-celled, inferior ; styles 3, articulated to a rounded or shortly cylindrical epigynous disk ; ovule solitary, erect or laterally affixed. Seed subglobose, testa prolonged into the ruminations of the copious fleshy albumen ; embryo short, straight ; cotyledons short, divergent.—DistRiB. Except A. guineensis in W. Tropical Africa confined to Tropical Asia and the Indian Archipelago. Species about 10. * Leaves less than 4 times as long as wide. t Stamens 5. 1. A. Vahlii, Arn. in Nov, Act. Nat. Cur. xviii. pt.i 325. Thw.in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxi. 233, t. 24. Wormia hamata, Vahl in Scrift. Nat. Selsk. Kjobenk, 6, 105. Cxrton; Central and Southern part, ascending to 2000 ft. Leaves 4 by 1-14 in., sessile, cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse. Panicle about twice 2- chotomous; divisions slender. Calyx-tube finally 4 in. long, exceeding the fruit, obconic, pentangular ; enlarged lobes 1 in. long, oblong obtuse, obscurely parallel-nerved. tt Stamens 10. 2. A. extensus, Wall. Cat. 1052 (1); panicle repeatedly 2-chotomous, divisions divaricate recurved, calyx-tube equalling the flat-topped fruit not furrowed, lobes slightly decurrent. . Planch. iw Ann. Se. Nat. 3rd ser, xiii. 318. Ancistrolobus sp.,. Grif. Notul. iv. 568 ; Ic. t. 605, fig. ii. Pseu and Tenasserim, Wallich, Helfer, &c. Leaves 5-12 by 2-34 in., sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse or acute, narrowed below. Bracts ovate, acute. Calyw-lobes 1} in. long, cuneate-obovate with about 3 sub- _ parallel nervules. ‘ : ‘3. A, Heyneanus, Wall. Cat. 7262; panicle about twice 2-chotomous, calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex of the fruit, lobes not decarrent. Wight Ic, 1987-88; 4.DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602. 300 xxv. DIPTEROCARPES. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Ancistrocladus. Western Peninsuta; from the Concan to Travancor. Leaves 6-11 by 2-8 in., sessile, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rather abruptly narrowed below, lateral veins remote and inconspicuons with loose reticulations between. Enlarged calyz-lobes in fruit 14 in., spathulate, with numerous subparallel nervules. 4, A. pinangianus, Wail. Cat. 1054 ; panicle repeatedly 2-chotomous, divisions slender, calyx-tube furrowed exceeded by the conical apex of the fruit lobes decurrent. Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat, ser. 3, xiii. 318; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 603. Penana, Porter; Maracca, Maingay.—Disrrie. Banca. * Leaves 5-11 by 2-84 in., sessile, obovate-oblong, subobtuse, rather abruptly narrowed below, upper surface faintly reticulate. Bracts lanceolate. Calyx-lobes oblong- cuneate, obtuse, sparingly nerved. ** [eaves more than 4 times as long as wide. 5. A. Wallichii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 319 ; panicle ter- minal or on short slender lateral branchlets 2-3-times 2-chotomous, bracts solitary ovate acute denticulate. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 602. A. extensus ? in part Wall, Cat. 1052(2). A. stelligerus, Wall. Cat. 1053 ; A. DC. Le. 603. Psau and Tenasserim, Wallich, &. Stwuer, Da Silva. Cuirtaaone, H. f. & T. Branches tortuous. Leaves 9-12 by 14-14 and 10-13 by 2-3 in., sessile, linear or linear-elliptic, obtusely acuminate or acute, gradually narrowed to the subauricled base, lateral veins remote, midrib prominent beneath. Panicle about 3 in. long. Enlarged calyz- lobes in fruit subequal, about 4 in. long, oblong-ovate, obtuse, spreading.—Planchon mis- took the lateral branchlets in imperfect specimens for peduncles. To this species I refer foliage specimens collected by Drs. Hooker and Thomson in Chittagong. 6. A. Griffithii, Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, xiii. 318; panicle ter- minal repeatedly 2-chotomous divisions ascending slender flexuous, bracts in pairs linear acute. Tenasserm, Griffith, Helfer. Branches tortuous. Leaves 7-9 by 1-1} in., linear-obovate, obtusely acuminate, tapering below into a flat petiole about in. long. Panicle about 7 in. long. 7. &. attenuatus, Dyer; panicle terminal repeatedly 2-chotomous with stout divaricate divisions the ultimate ones recurved, bracts solitary, deltoid acute. Tenasserm and AnpAMAN Istanps, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 724). Leaves 12-15 by 14-12 in., cuneate-linear, sessile, gradually acuminate, midrib pro- minent, lateral nerves remote and inconspicuous. Calyx-tube in fruit furrowed, 2 lobes enlarged, # in. long, narrowly elliptic, obtuse, the rest half as long. A. saairratous, Wall. Cat. 1055, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 608, is a Tetramerista. 3. ANISOPTERA, Korth. Resinous trees. Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather-veined and finely reti- culate ; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous. lowers in lax terminal panicles. Calya-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary, segments imbricate, then subvalvate. Stamens o; anthers ovoid with a long subulate connective, outer valves larger. Ovary 3- (rarely 4-5-) celled ; siyle fleshy, ovoid or oblong, with an attenuate 3-5-fid apex; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule adnate to the calyx-tube, indehiscent, 1-seeded, crowned by the accrescent calyx-segments, of which 2 form linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy, Anisoptera.] XXV. DIPTEROCARPEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 301 unequal ; radicle superior.—Distr1e. Malay Peninsula, and Archipelago to New Guinea. Species about 5. 1, A. oblonga, Dyer. Mexeut, Griffith. Twigs with smooth pale bark, young parts sparingly furfuraceous with fascicled hairs. Leaves 34-5 by 12-2 in., oblong, or oblong-ovate, shortly acuminate, base rounded, shining above, minutely impress-punctate beneath ; lateral nerves 18 pairs; petiole 1 in.; stipules pubescent. Panicle about 5 in. long. Calyx-tube in fruit 4 in. ene wings 4in,, linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, with 3 oblique, parallel, unequally prominent nerves. A. etasra, Kurz ms. (a native of Birma) is only known to me from the fruit. The wings are 6 by # in., and the triple nerves are not oblique and are equally prominent. 4, VATICA, Linn. Small or moderate-sized resinous trees, Leaves coriaceous, entire, feather- veined and finely reticulate; stipules small, fugacious or inconspicuous. Flowers in axillary and terminal panicles, usually tomentose before ex- pansion. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the base of the ovary ; segments somewhat acute, imbricate then subvalvate. Stamens 15; anthers oblong, external valves larger, connective apiculate. Ovary 3-celled ; style short, subulate Or apex clavate or capitate, stigma entire or 3-toothed ; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule leathery, 3-valved (or indehiscent?), 1-2-seeded, supported by the spreading accrescent calyx, two segments of which often expand into linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy.—Distrip. Tropical Asia and Indian Archi- pelago. Species about 25. Sect. I. Euvatiea. Benth. & Hook. Fruiting-calyx with 2 wing-like segments. 1, V. grandiflora, Dyer; leaves 5-8 in. long oblong or oblong-lanceolate shortly acaminate base rounded lateral nerves 12-15 pairs, petiole 2 in. Hopea grandiflora, Wall. Cat. 958; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. Synaptea odorata, Griff. Notul. iv. 616, t. 585 A. f. 5, fide Kurz in Journ. As. Soe. Beng. 1870, 1. 65. S. grandiflora, Kurz, dc. Anisoptera odorata, Kurz in Regensb, Flora, 1872, 190. Marrasan, Tenassertm™, and Sincapore, Wallich, &c. Young parts densely furfuraceous with tawny fascicled hairs. Leaves 2-24 in. broad. Panicles 1-4 the length of the leaves. Calyzx-segments oblong, acute. Petals with pale brown tomentum externally in bud, pink. Ovary tomentose; stigma capitate, 3-lobed. Fruit-wings 24 by 4 in., linear-oblanceolate, abruptly contracted below, 5-nerved. 2, V. faginea, Dyer ; leaves about 4} in. long elliptic-oblong subobtuse base tapering or rounded lateral nerves about 10 pairs, petiole | in. Hopea faginea, Wall, Cat. 963. Tunasserim; at Mergui, Grifith, Helfer. . A bush or small tree; the young parts with pale tomentum. Leaves 14-2 in. broad. Panicles lax, 4-3 the length of the leaves, occasionally contracted. Calyx-segments oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Petals tomentose externally in bud, blood-red. /ruit-wings 14-24 by 4 in., linear-elliptic or -lanceolate, base more or less contracted, 3-nerved.— Not sharply distinguished from V. grandiflora except by the difference in facies and the smaller foliage. 3. V. seaphula, Dyer ; leaves 4-63 in. long elliptic-oblong apex shortly acuminate or obtuse base rounded lateral nerves about 16, petiole }-1; in. Hopea scaphula, Koxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Flor. Ind, ii, 611. 302 = xxv. pIpreRocaRPEH. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) — [Vatica. Currragone coast at Mascal Island, Roxb. A tree; twigs pale brown, glabrous, young parts with pale grey tomentum. Leaves 12-28 in. broad, glabrous on both surfaces, paler beneath, midrib prominent. Panicle 5 in.; pedicels 4 in. Flowers Zin. diam. Calyx-segments with dense hairy tomentum. Petals glabrescent externally, white. © 4. V. Maingayi, Dyer ; leaves about 33-5 in. long oblong or oblong- obovate abruptly acuminate base rounded, lateral nerves 12 pairs, petiole 2-12 in 4-19 1n. Matacca, Maingay. Young parts with rusty furfuraceous tomentum. Leaves 14-2 in. broad. Panicles rather dense, fully } shorter than the leaves. Calyx-segments obiong-lanceolate. Fruit- wings 2 by } in., linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, scarcely contracted at the base. 5, WV. Helferi, Dyer ; leaves 44-53 in. long oblong obtuse base cordate under surface clothed with minute tomentose canescence lateral nerves 12 pairs, petiole 4 in. Tenasserm™m ; at Mergui, Helfer. Young parts of inflorescence and pedicels with pale-brown soft puberulence. Leaves 23-3 in. broad, midrib and veins rather prominent beneath. Panicles about 6 in., ter- pina, narrow. Calyx and petals in bud clothed with silky pubescence. Fruit un- own. i Sect II. Isauxis, Arn. Fruiting-calyx with equal segments. 6. V. lanceeefolia, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31; young parts pulverulent but soon glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base tapering paler beneath lateral nerves 15 pairs, ascending. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 618. V. canaca, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 4405 B. Vateria lanceolaria, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42% V. lancezefolia, Rowb, #1. Ind. ii. 601; Wight Ill. i. 88. V. lanceo- lata, Roab. (by error), W. & A. Prodr. 84; Wail. Cat. 4405. Ketinodendron lanceefolium, Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 56. Seidlia lancezfolia, Kostel, allg. med. pharm. Flora 1945 (ex DC. Prodr.). Eastern Himataya and Eastern Beneat and Sinner, Wallich; Khasia Mts. Assam and Bhotan, Griffith, &c. A middle-sized tree. Leaves 7-11 by 2-23 in.; petiole } in. Panicles 3 the length of the leaves. Flowers fragrant. Calyz-segments ovate, acute. Petals % in., cuneate white. Ovary pubescent ; stigma clavate, 3-toothed. Capsule ovoid. 7. VW. Roxburghiana, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 31, t. 7; young parts with lepidote canescence, leaves lanceolate acute base rounded or retuse, lateral nerves 10 pairs. ae Ann. Mus, Bot. i. 214; Thwaites Enum. 404; A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 618. V. chinensis, Linn. ; Smith Ic. ined. t. 36; DC. Prodr. 1,517. Vateria Roxburghiana, Wight Jil. i. 88; Ic. t. 26. Western Peninsuya; from Canara southwards. Crrton, Thwaites. Leaves 44-83 by 14-3 in. ; petiole 13-2 in. Panicles axillary, 4-} the length of the leaves. Calya-segments ovate-deltvid, acute, in fruit nearly ? in long, lanceolate (Stigma 6-dentate, Blume.) Capsule ovoid, ultimately globose, 3-sulcate—A frag- mentary specimen collected by Griffith at Mogoung, Birma, appears to belong to this species. _8. V. pallida, Dyer; young parts hoary, leaves narrowly elliptic or linear-elliptic or oblanceolate cordate-acuminate base acute or obtuse lateral nerves about 9 ascending curved midrib prominent above. Penane, Maingay. A small tree, twigs slender, slightly flexuose, pale-barked. Zeaves_5-7 by 1-2 in. Vatiea.] §-XXV. DIPTEROCARPEH. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 803 olive-coloured, shining above, pale and opaque beneath; petiole 4 in., thickened. Panicles 1-14 in., mostly axillary. Calyw:segments narrowly-deltoid, acute, at length deflexed, pubescent. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers apicnlate. Ovary pubes- cent; style #, in., stigma capitate, lobulate. 'ruit unknown.—Notwithstanding the deflexed calyx this species appears to find its most natural position here. 9. V. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 404; young parts nigrescent nearly Jabrous, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate base rounded fateral nerves about 6 pairs ascending curved, midrib prominent above. A, DC. Prodr, xvi. 2,619. Isauxis Roxburghiana, Thwaites Enum. 37, not of Wight. Cxrton ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. A large tree. Leaves 44-5} by 2-3 in., both surfaces glabrous, shining above, paler beneath ; petiole 1 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, }-} the length of the leaves; _pedicels and buds pubescent. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, in fruit ovate 3-nerved. 10. V. scabriuscula, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620; young parts with tawny stellate pubescence, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtusely acuminate base obtuse lateral nerves about 25 pairs spreading the alternate ones fainter. Wateria (Stemonoporus) scabriuscula, Thwaites Enum. 404, Ceyton; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. A large tree. Leaves 44-54 by 13-2 in., on young shoots 11 by 24 in., glabrous above, scabrid beneath, midrib channelled above, very prominent beneath; petiole 4-4 in. Inflorescence axillary and terminal, racemose ; bracts caducous, ovate, acute, palely tomentose. Anthers with a few scattered hairs. Style cylindric, slender, truv- cate-—I have only seen immature flowers of this, but the antheré perfectly agree with Vatica and are unlike those of Vateria. ll. V.? disticha, 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620 ; young twigs with minute tawny appressed pubescence, leaves oblong strongly acuminate base rounded, lateral nerves about 10 faint ascending. Vateria (Stemonoporus) disticha, Thwaites Hnum, 404, Certon ; at Hinidoon Pattoo and Pasdoon Corle, Trwattes. A large tree. Leaves 5 by 13-2 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, coriaceous, lateral nerves slightly prominent, midrib channelled above; petiole 4 in. Panicles axillary and terminal, imbricate-bracteate when young; bracts 4 in., distichous, ovate, ciliate, the lowest with appressed fulvous pubescence, the uppermost glabrous.—The stamens appear to agree with Vatica, and according to De Candolle.are apiculate. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. V.? (Isauxis) corprroria, Thw. Enum. 404 and 39 (Monoporandra). Foliage only known. Leaves 5-73 by 2-4 in., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acute, base obliquely cor- date, lateral nerves about 7 pairs; petiole 4-? in—Ceylon; Atakalan Corle, Thwaites. 5. SHOREA, Roxb. Glabrous, mealy, or pubescent resinous trees, Leaves entire or subrepand, feather-veined, with the intermediate reticulations often inconspicuous ; stipules large coriaceous and persistent, or minute and fugacious. lowers in axillary or terminal lax cymose panicles ; bracts persistent, caducous or 0. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the receptacle; segments ovate or lanceolate, imbricate. Stamens 15 or 20-100; anthers ovate or oblong, rarely linear ; connective subulate-cuspidate, rarely inappendiculate ; valves obtuse, rarely cuspidate, equal or the outer slightly larger. Ovary -8-celled, cells 2-ovuled ; style subulate, stigma entire or 3-toothed. Capsule leathery, indehiscent (or 2-valved %), usually 1-seeded, closely surrounded 504 XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Shorea. by the bases of the accrescent calyx-segments 3 or more rarely all of which are developed into 10-veined linear wings. Cotyledons fleshy, unequal, usually inclosing the superior radicle, Disrem,-tromical Asia and Indian Archipelago ; species about 40, 7 Sect. I. Pentacme, A. DC. Anthers linear, valves cuspidate. 1, S. siamensis, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. i. 214; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2,631. Pentacme suavis, A. DC. Uc. 626. P. siamensis, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870; 2, 66. Hopea (Shorea?) suava, Wall. Cat. 959. Marrazan, Wallich; Tenassermm, at Moulmein, Lobb; Peau, Kurz.—Distrm. Siam. A shrub 10 ft., leafless during inflorescence; branchlets with smooth greyish bark, Leaves 5-6 by 3-4 in., oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, base truncate or cordate, glabrous above aud beneath, lateral nerves 15 pairs, scarcely prominent; petiole 1-13 in. Panicles 6-9 in., axillary and terminal, lax, branches divaricate; pedicels 4 in. Flowers sweet-scented. Calya-segments % in., ovate, acute, glabrous, margins ciliolate. Petals 3%, in., pale citron-colour. Stamens 15, filaments very short; anthers 4 in. long, lobes slightly unequal, connective with a subulate prolongation, ulti- mately bent outwards. Style ®, in., filiform. Capsule indehiscent, ovoid; pedicel dilated; bases of fruiting calyx-segments ovate, thickened, glabrous; wings 3 in., linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved—Ot Hopea suavis, Kurz, Andamans Report, I have only seen leaves. They do not belong to this species. ' Szor. II. Anthers oblong, valves obtuse, * Stamens 12-15. 2. S. stellata, Dyer ; calyx-segments equally developed into wings or 2 slightly shorter. Parashorea stellata, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1870, 2, 66. ' Martazan, Brandis; Birma, Kurz. A large glabrous tree. Leaves 4} by 14 in., ovate or lanceolate, acute or apiculate. Flowers in panicles of cymose racemes, white. Capsule 2 in. long, obovoid, tawny- tomentose; wings 44 by # in., linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, tapering to a very ob- scurely dilated base 3 in. long, strongly 7-nerved, puberulous.—The subequal accrescence a the sepals occurs also in S. robusta, and appears to me of no value as a generic istinction. ** Stamens 15. + Flowers pedicelled. 3, S. floribunda, Kurz, ms; leaves rather narrowly-oblong shortly acuminate, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen leaves,: flowers rather crowded, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid-ovate glabrous dark-coloured, 8S. robusta, A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 628 (not of Gertn.). Hopea floribunda, Wall. Cat. 964. TrnassermM, at Tavoy, Gomez. Glabrous; branchlets with pale brown bark. Leaves about 34 by 1-14 in, hardly’ mature at the time of flowering, base rounded; lateral nerves about 15-20 pairs ; petiole 3-3 in. Pedicels4in. Flowers rather larger than in S. Talura. Calyzx-segments glabrous, ciliolate. Anthers with a very long seta.—Fruit unknown, but this and the next species are evidently closely allied. It has nothing to do with S. robusta, to which A. De Candolle can have referred it only through some confusion of specimens, 4. S. Talura, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. 618 ; leaves elliptic or’ oblong to ovate-elliptic, panicles terminal or lateral from the axils of fallen: Shorea.] XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 805 leaves lax, calyx segments deltoid linear glabrous not dark coloured. 8. laccifera, Heyne ex Wall. Cat. 967; A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 630. S. Rox- burghii, Don Gen. Syst. i. 813. §. robusta, Ruth. nov. sp. 221 (not of Gertn.). Vatica laccitera, W. & A. Prodr. 84; Wight. Ic. 164. Western Peninsuza; forests of Mysore and Malabar. Glabrous, except the pubescent buds; branchlets with smooth pale brown bark. Leaves 34-44 by 2-24 in., acute or retuse and mucronulate, base rounded or emar- ginate, margins undulate, lateral nerves. about 12-15 pairs; petiole 4-1 in. Pedicels din. Flowers 1 in. diam., pinkish white. Calyx-segments glabrous, margins ciliolate. Anthers with a long seta. Bases of fruiting calya-segments % in. long, obovate ; wings oy 8 in., elliptic-linear, obtuse, with about 10 slender parallel nerves.— Yields a kind of lac. tt Flowers sessile or nearly so, 5. S. leprosula, Mig. Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. i. 487 ; leaves oblong very shortly acuminate, panicles terminal or axillary, branches small unilateral racemose, calyx-segments ovate pubescent. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 631. Matacca, Maingay—Disrris. Sumatra. Young parts and under surface of the leaves densely tawny-puberulous. Leaves about 4-5 by 13-2} in. shining above, lateral nerves about 14 pairs, prominent beneath; petiole 4 in. Panicle about 4 in. Flowers sessile. Anthers cuspidate. (Ovary glabrous ; style filiform, stigma urceolate. Maingay.) (Fruit-wings spathulate obtuse. Miq.) 6. S. parvifolia, Dyer ; leaves oblong-elliptic to ovate-acuminate, panicles terminal lax, flowers with deciduous bracts, calyx-segments ovate pubescent, Maxacca, Maingay. Young parts hoary, puberulous. Leaves 2-24 by 1-14 in., base rounded, glabrescent. beneath, lateral nerves about 15 pairs; petiole }in. Panicles about 5 in. Flowers sessile, 4 or 5 together; bracts fully % in. long, broadly elliptic, obtuse. (Petals } in. long. Anthers apiculate. Ovary pilose ; style slender, shorter than the ovary, stigma scarcely lobed. Maingay.) Fruit unknown. 7. S. acuminata, Dyer ; leaves ovate to lanceolate strongly acuminate, panicles terminal lax, branches unilateral; bracts very fugacious, calyx- segments ovate pubescent, Maracea, Maingay. Young parts tawny-puberulous. Leaves 4-5 by 2-2) in., base rounded or emar- ginate, coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, scarcely prominent; petiole in. Panicles about 6 in. long, with tufts of enlarged bracts occa- sionally terminating the branches. Flowers sessile. (Petals 3%, in. long. Anthers’ shortly appendiculate. Ovary minutely pilose, tapering into the short filiform style, stigma minutely lobed. Maingay.) Fruit unknown. 8. S. bracteolata, Dyer ; leaves more or less narrowly oblong-elliptic shortly acuminate, panicles terminal lax, branches flexuose, flowers each witha pair of bracts, calyx-segments narrowly deltoid puberulous. : Matacca, Maingay. Young parts glabrescent. Leaves 34-5} by 14-2} in., base rounded, glabrous on both surfaces, lateral nerves 12-15 pairs, scarcely prominent; petiole 4-$ in. Panicles 5-9 in. long. Flowers subsessile ; bracts 4 in. long, ellipticlanceolate. Calyx segments } in. long... Stamens cuspidate. Stigma simple. Bases of fruiting calyx , tegretts }in long, ovate with 3 gibbosities at the bottom; wings 34 by 4 in., linear subacute, with 9 parallel nerves. oa VOL. I. x Y 306 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Shorea, * Stamens 20-2. 9. S. robusta, Gaertn. f, Fruct. iii, 48, t. 186; leaves ovate-oblong acuminate base cordate glabrous lateral nerves about 12 pairs, panicles terminal or axillary lax, stamens 50. orb, Fl. Ind. ii. 615; Cor. PI. iii. 312; Wall. Cat. 965; A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 628 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 4, Vatica robusta, Steud. Nom. Ed. 2. Troricat Hmazaya, and along its base from Assam to the Sutlej. Eastern districts of CentraL Inpra, WESTERN BENGAL HILLS. ; A very large tree, but often occurring in a stunted form. Leaves 6-10 by 4-6 in.; petiole 3-1 in.; stipules } in., falcate, pubescent. Panicles 5-9 in. long, clothed as well as the flowers with pale velvety pubescence, branches unilateral, racemose. Flowers subsessile. Petals about 4 in. long, pale yellow, tapering upwards, 12-13- nerved. Anthers with a bearded appendage. Ovary pubescent ; stigma 3-denticulate. Fruiting-calyx with the segments sometimes subequal, bases 4 in., ovate, pubescent; wings 24 in., linear, obtuse, 10-nerved—The Sal tree; the wood is very gengrally used in Bengal and it ranks next to teak; the resin-dammer is extensively used as a sub- stitute for pitch. 10. S. obtusa, Wail. Cat. 966; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong obtuse base obtuse or emarginate pubescent on the nerves and in their axils beneath lateral nerves about 15 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 20-25. Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 32, t. 8; 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 629. 8. leucobotrya, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot.i. 215. Vatica obtusa, Steud. Nom, Fd. 2 Marrasan, Wallich ; Peau, I Clelland, &c.; Tenasserm, at Moulmein, Helfer — Disrris. Siam. Leaves 4~6 by 13-3 in., often unsymmetrical, glabrescent above, subrepand ; petiole 4-2 in. FPanicles 2-4 in. long, clothed as well as the flowers with hoary pubescence, racemose. Flowers subsessile. Petals}-}in. long. Anthers with a bearded appen- dage. Ovary pubescent. Bases of the segments of the fruating-calyx 4 in. long, rather shorter than the pubescent capsule, ovate-oblong, pubescent; wings 24 by 4 in. linear- oblanceolate, glabrescent, 9-nerved. = ll. S. sericea, Dyer ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate scabrous beneath lateral nerves about 20 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens 50, anthers inappendiculate. Matacca, Maingay. A very large dammer-producing tree (Maingay); young parts, nerves of the leaves beneath and inflorescence covered with rusty meal intermixed with fascicles of short hairs. Leaves 44-7 by 13-23 in., polished above, lateral nerves very prominent be- neath; petiole 4-3 in. Panicles about 6 in. long, ultimate branches racemose, uni- lateral. Flowers sessile; buds clothed with tawny silky hairs. Anthers with the lobes subequal. Stigma 3-lobed. Fruating-calyx with immature accrescent segments, clothed en both surfaces with soft yellow down. 12. S. Tumbugegaia, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii. 617; leaves ovate or oblong-cordiform acuminate base truncate or emarginate glabrous on both surfaces lateral nerves about 8 pairs, panicles terminal, stamens about 30. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 630; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Gen. 26. S. penicillata, 4. DC. Lc. 630, Vatica Tumbuggaia, W. & A. Prodr. 84; Wight Ic. t. 27. Western Peninsuxa ; forests of Cudapah and Palghaut in Mysore, Wight, &c. A gigantic dammer-producing tree. Teanas 24-8 by 14-43 in. (Beddome) ; petiole 1-2in. Pamnicles 8 in. long, hoary or nearly glabrous. Flowers shorty pedicelled; buds densely hoary. Anthers with a hairy appendage. Stigma 3-lobulate. Capsule $ in. *long, ovoid, acuminate, pubescent above; bases of fruiting calyx-segments 4 in. long, ovate, hoary; wings 14-13 by 4 in., spathulate, obtuse, 8-10-nerved.—There can be no Shorea.] XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 307 i} doubt as. to the identity of ‘this species. Roxburgh states the number of stamens-to be 100, but this is clearly an error. 13. S.°oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum..36; leaves oblong shortly acu- minate base truncate or emarginate beth surfaces glabrous lateral nerves about 15 pairs, panicles terminal or axillary, stamens 80-100. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 629. Cexxon ; Southern districts of the Island, Thwaites. A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 13-24 in.; petiole 4-2 in.. Panicles 6:im long, race- mose, hoary. Towers yellow, odorous, shortly pedicelled; buds. densely hoary. Anthers with a.terminal bristle about their own Jength and two minute’ lateral ones. Capsule 3 in. long, ovoid, silky-pubescent; bases-of the fruiting calyx-segments § “ long as the capsule, oblong, gibbous, puberulent ; wings 2 by 3 in.,. spathulate, obtuse. : 14, S. lissophylla, -Thwaites Enum. 402; leaves. oblong-cordiform slightly acuminate base emarginate both surfaces glabrous lateral nerves about 7 pairs prominent beneath, panicles small terminal or axillary, stamens about 35. A. DC... Prodr. xvi. 2, 630. Cxxton; Hinidoon Pattoo and Singhe-rajah Forest, Thwattes. A large tree, twigs black when dry. Leaves 3-5 by 14-3 in.; petiole 4-3 in., rugose. Panicles about 8 in. long, racemose, glabrous. Flowers shortly pedicelled; buds: hoary. Anthers bearded. F'rutt:unknown. 15. S.stipularis, Thwaites Enum. 36 ; leaves oblong shortly acuminate or subobtuse base rounded coriaceous both surfaces glabrous midrib chan-. nelled above very prominent beneath lateral nerves about 15 payrs. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 631. Cexton ;. between Ratnapoora and Galle, Thwaites. A large tree. Leaves 4-6 by 2-4 in.; stipules 4-1 by }-#in., ovate, suboblique, with numerous. slender nerves, very persistent ; petiole 14-14 in. lowers unknown, Capsule subconic, smooth ; (winged calyx-segments 5-54 by 14 in., 11-14-nerved, Thwaites). _ 16. S.assamica, Dyer ;. leaves. broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong very shortly acuminate base rounded both surfaces glabrous midrib channelled above lateral nerves about 17 pairs hispid beneath.rather prominent above. Urrer Assam; banks of the Duhing river, G.. Mann. ‘ Young twigs thinly pendulous. Leaves about 34 by 1$ in., shining above. Flowers nown. Capsule 2 in., ovoid, acuminate, glabrous; bases of the fruiting calyx- segments about 4 as long as the capsule, broadly ovate, gibbous; wings 4 by 2 in., linear, subacute, about 12-nerved. 17, S. gratissima, Dyer ; leaves elliptic acuminate base acute both surfaces glabrous margins undulate lateral nerves about 14 pairs incon- spicucus, panicles terminal and axillary, stamens 20-25. Hopea gratissima, Wall. Cat. 960. Sincapore, Wallich. i _ Branchlets slender. Leaves 24-4 by 14-14 in.; petiole: 3-1 in. Panicles 3-6 in., glabrous black when dry. Flower-buds hoary; pedicels about 7, in. Anthers with a terminal seta. : 18. S. reticulata, Fhwaites ms, ; leaves lanceolate with a long acumi- nate point base acute shining above glabrous beneath margins undulate lateral nerves about 10 pairs hardly prominent beneath. Cryton. - Twigs slender, pale. Leaves 3-4 by 12 in.; petiole 4 in., decurved. lowers un- x2 808 ° XXV. DIPTEROCARPEH. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Shorea, known. Bases of the fruiting calyx-segments lanceolate, gibbous, puberulous; wings 14 by } in., linear, obtuse, glabrous, 8-nerved. 19, S. macroptera, Dyer ; leaves narrowly oblong acuminate base obtuse somewhat coriaceous shining above glabrous beneath lateral nerves about 10 pairs rather prominent beneath, panicles terminal. Matacca, Maingay.—Disrre. Borneo. Twigs puberulous, dark-brown. Leaves 4-5 by 12 in., chocolate-coloured when dry; petiole 4 in., rugose. Flowers sessile. Capsule (immature) 4 in. long; bases of the fruiting calyx-segments equalling the capsule, ovate, bordered by the decurrent margins of the wing; wings 5-6 by 3-1 in., linear, obtuse, 10-nerved, glabrescent. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. SHorea Lonaisrerma, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 93; Fl. Ind. ii. 618. Parashorea longi- sperma, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 66. Prince of Wales’ Island. Without description. : 6. HOPEA, Roxb, - Glabrous or hoary-tomentose resinous trees. Leaves quite entire, firm, inconspicuously feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous, Flowers sessile or-shortly pedicelled, ebracteate, in lax panicles of unilateral racemes. Calyx-tube very short, adnate to the receptacle, segments obtuse, imbricate: Stamens 15, or rarely 10, slightly connate; anthers ovate, con- nective.subulate-cuspidate, valves obtuse equal. Ovary 3-celled, the cells 2-ovuled ; style shortly cylindric or subulate. Wut 1-seeded, closely sur- rounded by the bases of the accrescent calyx-segments, 2 of which are developed into linear wings. Hmbryo as in Shorea.—Distrip. of Shorea ; ae die 35.—The separation of this genus from Shorea is somewhat artificial. * Panicles palely tomentose. 1. H. odorata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Fl. Ind. ii, 609 ; leaves ovate- or lanceolate-oblong acute or obtusely acuminate lateral nerves about 12 pairs rather weak their axils often glandular, anthers oblong appendage about: the same length, 4A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 632. H. faginea, Hort. Cale. ex Herb, Lemann. (not of Wail.). H. eglandulosa, foxb. Hort. Beng. 42; Hi. Ind. ii. 611 ; A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 634, H. decandra, Buch. ex Wight Il. 88. H. Wightiana, Miquel in Herb. Hohenack, 320, (not of Wall), Rangoon, Peau, Marrapan and Texassermm, A large tree; branchlets dark brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., base rounded often suboblique, margins undulate, firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole 2 in Flowers sweet-scented, buds about 4 in., very shortly pedicelled, Calyce-segments ovate, obtuse. Petals yellow. Nut } in., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous ; wings of fruiting calyx-segments linear, obtuse, tapering to an oblong base } in. Var. 1. odorata proper, Wall. Cat. 961 (sp.); panicle 4 as long as the leaves rather dense, wings of fruiting calyx-segments 1} b in., 7-9-nerved. Roxb. Cr ili t.210; Korth. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 75, 0. a 15-21.—Mergui, Grifith. eae bir he eee (sp.); Cnn gradually tapering opaque above, panicles equalling the leaves rather lax, wings of fruiting calyx-segments 12 by 5-14 in, 9-13- nerved.—Rangoon to Mergui. , 6 Sereeee ens Th a eas 2. H. parviflora, Beddome Flor, Sylvat, t.7 (by error t. 6) ; Gen, xxvii. in part; Ind. For. Rep. 1863-4, with plate; leaves ovate or oblong acute lateral nerves about 10 pairs often forked their axils often glandular, tips of Hopen.| XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 809 Pe . etals dilated and crisped, anthers suborbicular, appendage about half as ong again, Maapar and 8. Canara; ascending to 3500 ft., Beddome. A large tree ; branchlets reddish-brown, slightly glaucescent. Leaves about 34 by 1 in,, firm, base acute or rounded, margins slightly undulate, glabrous on both snr- faces, nerves pale beneath; petiole fin. Mlower-buds about % in., tomentose, very shortly pedicelled, calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. uit unknown. 3. H. longifolia, Dyer ; leaves linear-lanceolate obtuse lateral nerves about 10 pairs very oblique their axils often glandular, tips of petals crisped, anthers suborbicular appendage about half as long again. H. parviflora, Beddome Flor. Sylvat, Gen, xxvii., in part. Sour Carnaric, near Tinnivelly, Beddome. A large tree; branchlets brown. Leaves 5-7 by 1-1} in., firm, base acute, margins slightly undulate, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole in. Flower-buds dy in., tomen- tose, shortly pedicelled. Calya-segments ovate, acute. Fruit unknown. ** Panicles glabrous (except sometimes in H. micrantha). 4, H. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 6295 ; branchlets pale softly pubescent at length glabrous, leaves oblong-lanceolate obtuse or acute lateral nerves about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary 1-6 together shorter than the leaves, calyx-segments glabrous. W.dé A. Prodr. 85; Wight Ill. t. 37; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 633. Wesrern Peninsuta, Wight; Concan, Stocks. Leaves 5-8 by 13-3 in., firm, base acute rounded or emarginate, glabrous on both surfaces, opaque above, nerves oblique, curved, rather prominent above; petiole 4 in., stout, pubescent. Bracts 2, in., lanceolate, acute. Buds about } in., very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments lanceolate, obtuse. Petals pubescent externally. Anthers with an appendage 4 times their length. Nut 4 in., ovoid, apiculate, glabrous; bases of froiting calyx-segments scarcely distinct, gibbous, wings 13-24 by 4-2 in., linear or ellipticlinear obtuse, about 9-nerved, usually tinged with red. —The inflorescence is often diseased and condensed into.a’ globular mass; this is Artocarpus lancecefolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 527, ex Miquel, in Herb. Hohenack. 796 a. 5. H. glabra, W. & A. Prodr. 85; branchlets dark-coloured glabrous, leaves lanceolate obtuse or shortly acuminate lateral nerves about 8 pairs, panicles 1-3 together, racemes axillary about equalling the leaves, calyx- segments glabrous. Wesrern Peninsuia, Wight ; Southern Carnatic, at Tinnivelly, Beddome. Leaves about 4 by 14 in., base acute or obtuse, glabrous and rather shining on both surfaces, nerves oblique curved and prolonged parallel to the margins slightly prominent above ; petiole 4 in., rugose. Bracts nearly % in., lanceolate, obtuse. lower-buds very shortly pedicelled. Calyx-segments ovate, obtuse. Petals pubescent. Anthers orbicular, appendage about 3 times as long. Fruit unknown. ° 6. H, oblongifolia, Dyer ; branchlets pale compressed, leaves oblong shortly acuminate lateral nerves about 10 pairs, panicles racemose axillary (rarely two together) about half as long as the leaves, calyx-segments glabrescent. - . Tunasserm ; at Morgui, Grifith. Leaves about 7 by 24 in., firm, base obtuse, glabrous and rather opaque on both sur- faces; nerves oblique, scarcely curved, inconspicuous above; petiole 4 in., glabrous, Bracts minute, about equalling the very short pedicels. Calyw-segments ovate, acute, ae pubescent, Anthers orbicular with an appendage 4 times their length. Fruit unknown. 310 XKV. DIPTEROcARPEH. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Hopea. j 7, W. Griffithii, Kurz ms. ; branchlets slightly lepidote at length glabrous, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse lateral nerves about 10 pairs evanescent, panicles axillary less than half the length of the leaves, calyx-segments glabrous. Tenasserm; Mergui, Griffith. Branches dark-barked, with pale strie. Leaves 3-4 by 1-1} ‘in., firm, base acute, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib prominent below; petiole } in., slender. Bracts minute, shorter than the pedicels, lanceolate, acute. F'lower-buds Zp in., shortly pedi- celled, Petals palely pubescent. Anthers suborbicular, appendage about twice as long. Fruit unknown. 8 H. micrantha, Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiii. 160 ; ‘branchlets dark-coloured minutely lepidote, leaves elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate- acuminate obtuse lateral nerves very numerous evanescent, panicles terminal or axillary less than} the length of the leaves hoary-pubescent, calyx- segments varnished. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 634. Matacca, Maingay.—Distriw. Borneo. A very lofty tree. Leaves 2-24 by 3-1} in., coriaceous, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib prominent above and beneath; petiole 4 in., puberulent. Flowers 2, in., pedi- cels fully 3, in. Petals palely pubescent. -Anthers suborbicular, appendage about as long. Nut conical; bases of fruiting calyx-segments } in. long with two gibbosities at the bottom, wings 14 in. oblanceolate, obtuse, 9-nerved. 9. H. discolor, Thwaites Enum. 36; branchlets dark-coloured slightly pruinose, leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate obtuse reddish-brown beneath lateral nerves about 5 pairs depressed above, panicles axillary sometimes 2-3 together about 4 the length of the leaves, calyx-segments glabrous. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 633. Cexton; Saffragam and Ambagamowa districts, at no great elevation, Thwaites. A large tree. Leaves 2-3 by $-1 in.; petiole $ in. Panicle bright red; pedicels ay in. Petals yellow, palely puberulous. Anthers suborbicular, appendages three times their length. Nut 4 in., conical, acute, glabrous; bases of fruiting calyx-segments 3 in. lanceolate; wings 14-3 by 4-3 in.; oblanceolate, obtuse, 7-nerved. 10. H. racophloea, Dyer ; branchlets brown, leaves ovate shortly caudate-acuminate base acute lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved about equally prominent on both surfaces with large axillary glands, panicles terminal or axillary exceeding the leaves. Maxazar; Wynaad forests, alt. 2-3000 ft., Beddome. ; A large tree, the bark peeling off in adherent scales (Beddome). Leaves 4-43 by 2-24 in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole % in. slender. Bases of fruiting ealyx-seyments minute, scarcely distinct, thickened, gibbous; wings 3 by 1 in., oblong, tip trdncate or rounded inconspicuously 10-nerved, reddish.—Nearly allied to the Ceylon A, jucunda, : ll. H, jucunda, Thwaites Hnum. 403; branchlets dark purplish- ‘brown, leaves ovate or orbicular abruptly acuminate obtuse base rounded or obtuse lateral nerves about 4 pairs oblique curved slightly depressed above with large axillary glands, panicles terminal or axillary. A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 633. Crrxon ; Hinidoon Pattoo, Pasdoon Corle, and Saffragam district, Thwaites. ? A large tree. Leaves 14-5 by 1-24 in., firm, glabrous on both surfaces; petiole 4 in. transversely rugose. Flower-buds 4 ‘in.; pedicels 2, in. Calyx-segménts ovate, var- nished. Petals palely-pubescent externally. Anthers with an appendage four times their length. #ruit unknown. " a modesta, DC. Prodr. xvi, 2, 638; leaves 1-2 in., branches of the panicle iform, : ' Doona.] XXV. DIPTEROCARPER, (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) all 7, DOONA, Thwaites. Lofty glabrous and often glaucescent resinous trees, with the habit of (except in H. nervosa) some species of Hopea. Leaves entire, firm, incon- spicuously veined; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous, lowers rather small, usually in lax panicles rarely exceeding the leaves. Calyx as in Hopea. Stamens 15; anthers oblong, connective prolonged into a usually clavate appendage, valves equal. Ovary asin Hopea. Nut 1-seeded. Seed ovoid with the thin testa interposed between the folds of the cotyledons ; radicle superior.—Distris. Endemic in Ceylon. Species 10. 1 D.zeylanica, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. iii, (1851) t. 12 and iv. 7; Enum. 34; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate base deltoid lateral nerves numerous ascending inconspicuous, pedicels exceeding the calyx. Beddome Flor, Sylvat. t. 97; A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 626. Crynon ; Central province, ascending to 4000 ft. A tree of 60 ft. or more ; branchlets much divided, somewhat flexuose, with smooth purple-brown bark. Leaves 2-3 by 3-1 in., midrib prominent beneath, channelled above; petiole $in. Panicles 2 in., erect, many-flowered; bracts small, brown, deci- duous. Flowers ? in. diam., pink; pedicels 4 in., erect. Outermost calyx-segmenis deltoid-ovate, obtuse. Anthers with an appendage about 4 as long, glabrous, varnished. Nut (immature) 4 in. long, ovoid; winged fruiting calyx-segments about 1 in. oblan- ceolate ah an ovate base, at first bright red.—Yields a gum resin manufactured into a varnish. . 2. D. nervosa, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves oblong elliptic or ovate caudate-acuminate base rounded lateral nerves prominent beneath ascend- ing, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. Cryton; Ekualagodde near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. A large tree ; branchlets dichotomously divided with rather pale brown bark trans- versely rugose on the ultimate twigs when dry. Leaves 34-44 by 14-2 in., lateral nerves about 9 pairs; petiole 4 in. Panicle 2 in., racemose, 3-6-flowered. lowers £in. diam. ; pedicels 1 in. decurved, then erect. Outermost calyx-segments oblong, ‘obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Winged fruiting calyx-segments 1-1} in., oblong or oblanceolate, tip rounded, base narrow, gibbous. 3. D. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 35 ; leaves oblong caudate-acuminate base rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous ascending, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. -Cryton; between Ratnapoora and Galle, at no great elevation, Thwattes. | ; Bronchlets dichotomously divided, brown barked. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in., lateral nerves about 6 pairs, midrib channelled above; petiole 4in. Panicle 13-2 in., peduncled, subcorymbose, 6-9-flowered; pedicels 4 in., at first decurved. Outermost calya-seg- ments oblong, obtuse, glabrous, scarcely varnished. Fruit unknown.—This description does not completely agree with that of Thwaites; it is drawn up from specimens distributed as D. nervosa 8 C.P. 3712 and referred subsequently (Hnum. 402) to this species. 4D. trapezifolia, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves rhomboid-lanceolate gradually caudate-acuminate base obtuse lateral nerves inconspicuous spreading, pedicels exceeding the calyx. 4. DC. \Prodr, xvi. 2, 627. Czytow; Central and Southern provinces; common, ascending to 1500 ft., T’hwaites, &c. A large tree; branchlets much divided, bark brown with minute pale warts. Leaves 2-84 by 1-1} in., opaque, midrib slightly channelled above, lateral nerves about 12; petiole 3 in. Panicle about 14 in., racemose, about 6-flowered. Flowers } in, diam. ; pedicels 3 in. erect. Outermost calyx-segmenta oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Nut } in. 312 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEH. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) [Doona, long; winged froiting calyx-segments 2 in,, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous, base shorter than the nut, ovate. 5. D. congestifiora, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate gradually acuminate base rounded, flowers very shortly pedicelled in dense peduncled panicles. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. Ceyion; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, Thwaites. : A large tree ; branchlets with pale minutely warted bark. Leaves 3-4} by 13-2 in., firm, midrib slightly channelled above, prominent beneath, lateral nerves about 9 pairs, scarcely conspicuous, ascending, curved. Pedwncle 1 in. Flowers 4 in. diam., pink; pedicels A, in. or less. Outermost calya-segments oblong, obtuse, opaque. etals scarcely puberulous, margins ciliolate. Nut 2 in.; winged fruiting calyx-segments 2 in., iindarahlancsdlats, obtuse. . 6. D. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 35 ; leaves long-petioled ovate acumi- nate base rounded, pedicels shorter than the calyx deflexed. Be Flor. Sylvat. t. 98; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628. Crvton; Central province between 3-5000 ft., Walker, &c. A large tree; branchlets much divided, slightly flexuose, with smooth purplish brown bark. Leaves 2-34 by 13-13 in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, incon- spicuous, midrib channelled above, prominent beneath ; petiole $-1 in. Panicle 24-4 in. racemose. Flowers 2 in. diam., pinkish; pedicels } in. Outermost, calya-segments deltoid-oblong, obtuse, shining. Winged fruiting calyx-segments 1% in., linear-oblan- ceolate obtuse; base dilated gibbous, equalling the immature nut. ~ %. D. cordifolia, Thwaites Enum. 35; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong shortly caudate-acuminate rounded or cordate at the base, midrib elevated above, lateral nerves prominent beneath, A. DC. Prodr: xvi. 2, 628. Cryton; Pasdoon Corle and Ambagamowa, at no great elevation, Thwaites. A large tree; branchlets much divided, flexuose, with dark-coloured bark. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2} in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending, curved; petiole § in., transversely rugose. lowers unknown.—The terminal buds appear ie be frequently converted into a curious strobiliform gall resulting from the production of a multitude of small imperfectly developed leaves. : 8. D. macrophylla, Thwaites Hnum, 402 ; leaves large oblong obtusely acuminate base rounded, pedicels about equalling the calyx. A. DU. Prodr. xvi. 2, 627. : Cryton; Hinidoon Pattoo, Thwaites. A large tree; branchlets with pale brown striately rugose bark. Leaves 63-8 by 24-8 in., pale beneath; midrib channelled above, prominent ‘beneath, lateral nerves about 15 pairs, parallel. Panicle 4-7 in., racemose. Pedicels } in., deflexed. Calyx- segments elliptic, glabrous. Petals } in., elliptic, canescent externally. Anthers ¢ in. long, appendage about 7 in. Fruit unknown. ; 9. D. ovalifolia, Thwaites Enum. 402 ; leaves ovate obtusely caudate- acuminate base rounded lateral nerves inconspicuous above prominent beneath ascending, pedicels equalling the calyx. A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 628. . Cuyton ; Saffragam district, Thwaites. 3 A large tree; branchlets dichotomously divided, somewhat flexuose, with dark brown bark. Leaves 14-24 by 3-1} in. ; lateral nerves about 8 pairs; petiole } in. Panicles aah axillary or terminal, few-flowered, shorter than or equal to the leaves. Pedicels eflexed. Doona.] | XXV. DIPTEROCARPEH. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 313 10. D, venulosa, Thwaites Enum. 402; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong obtusely abruptly acuminate with close and prominent venation above. A. DG. Prodr, xvi. 2, 628. Cryton; south of the Island, Thwaites. A large tree ; branchlets turning black when dry. Leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in.; lateral nerves about 7 pairs ; petiole 4-2 in.—I have taken these particulars from Thwaites as T have seen no specimens. 8 VATERTIA, Linn. Glabrous tomentose or furfuraceous resinous trees. Leaves entire, firm or leathery, feather-veinéd ; stipules deciduous or inconspicuous, rarely large and persistent. lowers in terminal lax corymbose or lateral racemose panicles, or 1-3 on axillary peduncles. Calyx as in Shorea. Stamens 15, tarely about 50; anthers linear or oblong, connective rarely prolonged or minutely apiculate, external valves equal, or longer, or longer and broader and rolled inwards at the apex. Ovary as in Shorea. Capsule ovoid or globose, leathery or fleshy, 1-seeded, indehiscent, or 3-valved, supported by the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx. Cotyledons large, fleshy, unequal, usually lobed, inclosing the superior radicle.—Duisrris, of Shorea ; species about 17.—A. De Candolle transfers the section Stemonoporus, which is endemic in Ceylon, to Vatica. The species, however, have an imbricate calyx which in fruit completely agrees with that of Vateria, Sect. I. Poenoe. 4. DC. Stamens about 50; anther-cells adnate to the apex of the acuminate connective, external valves much the longer. 1, 'V. indica, Z. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 602; Cor. Pl. iii. t. 288 ; Wid A. Prodr, 84; Wight Iil. i. 88, t. 36; Wall. Cat. 3670; Gertn. f. Fruct. iii. * 29, t. 4. V. malabarica, Blume Mus. Bot. ii. 29; A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 624 ; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. t. 84.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 15. Western Peninsuta ; from Canara to Travancor, Wight, &c. A large tree ; young branchlets and inflorescence stellately canescent, Leaves 5-8 by 24-34 in., oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or minutely acuminate, base rounded or emarginate, lateral nerves 14 pairs, slender; petiole 14 in.; stipules 4 in., obliquely lanceolate, acute. Panicle 6-8 in., terminal, loosely corymbose, branches spreading. Flowers % in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 4 in. Calya-segments lanceolate, obtuse, canescent on both surfaces, Petals ellipticoblong, obtuse, white. Anthers glabrous. (Capsule 24 by 14 in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, fleshy, 3-valved. Roxb.)—Linneus ‘clearly intended his name Vateria indica to apply to Rheede’s plant. He identified with this an imperfect specimen in the 4th volume of Hermann’s Herbarium now in the British Museum. What appears to be this specimen is perhaps indeterminable, but certainly does not belong to Dipterocarpee. The evidence appears to show that V. acuminata, Hayne, was unknown to Linnzeus, and has therefore no claims to be identified with V. indica. Scct. IL Hemiphractum, Turcz. Stamens about 50; anther-cells pie at the apex, acuminate, valves equal, connective not pro- onged, E _ 2 V. acuminata, Hayne Arzn. xi. 5; A; DC. Prodr. xvi. 2 (not of Thu). V. indica, Thwaites Enum. 37; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. t. 84; Blume Mus, Bot. ii, 29, t. 4 (not of L.). Eleocarpus copalliferus, Metz, Obs. iv. 27. Hemiphractum oxyandrum, T'urez, in Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1859, i. 262. CzyLon; common in the hotter parts of the Island, ascending to 2000 ft., Thwaites. A large handsome tree; young branches and inflorescence densely covered with 314 XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Vateria. x short caducous ferruginous hairs. Leaves 6-8 by 3 in., elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, base rounded, lateral nerves about 20 pairs, stout ; petiole 14 in.; stipules 3-1 in., linear-deltoid, attenuate. Panicle terminal, 8 in., loosely corymbose ; bracteoles 4 in., ovate, obtuse. lowers 1 in. diam., 1-ranked, erect; pedicels 3 in. Caly ferruginous without, canescent within. Petals orbicular, acute, white. Anthers puberulous. (Fruit 4 in. long by 24-3 in. broad.—Yields a green resin, used in Cinga- lese’ superstitious ceremonies. Thwaites.) Sect. III. Stemonoporus, Thwaites, Stamens 15; anthers with the external valves longer, broader and rolled inwards at the apex. * Inflorescence panicled, 3, 'V. ceylanica, Wight Ill. i. 88; leaves elliptic or oblong apiculate or retuse base rounded or slightly acute. V. Wightii, Theaites Enum. 403. Vatica Wightii, 4. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620.. Stemonoporus Wightii, Thwaites Enum. 37. . , Czyton ; forests between Galle and Ratnapoora, and near Palmadoolla, Thwaites. A large tree; young branches glabrous. Leaves 5-11 by 3-54 in., both surfaces ale, glabrous; lateral nerves 21 pairs, spreading; petiole 24 in. Punicles 3 in. long, jateral. Flowers fully 1in. diam. Calyx glabrescent. Petals elliptic, obtuse, sulphur- yellow. Stamens with dilated slightly connate filaments; anthers puberulous, connec- tive with a short acute apex. Style subulate, acute—I believe this to be the plant intended by Wight. The only sheet in his herbarium with this name has clearly been ticketed in error; it bears the inflorescence of V. acuminata and the foliage of some indeterminate plant. ‘4, VW. Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-cblong, acuminate base rounded or cordate. Vatica Gardneri, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2,622, Stemonoporus Gardneri, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. of Bot. 1854, 68, 2A, : ‘ Czyton; Rambodde, Gardner; Adams Peak, Thwaites. A large tree; young parts faintly puberulous. Leaves 3-5 by 2-23 in., lateral nerves about 10 pairs, ascending; petiole about 3 in. Panicles about 2 in. long, nume- rous, collected tuwards the ends of the branches, 5-7-flowered. Flowers % in. diam. ; pedicels 4 in., decurved. Calyx-segments glabrous, ovate, acute. Petals broadly ovate, white. Stamens connate at the base; external valves of the anthers rolled inwards at the apex, connective not prolonged. Style acute. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam. 5. WV. juecunda, Thwaites ms.; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate gradually acuminate base rounded. V. acuminata, Thwaites Enum. 403. (not of Hayne). Vatica acuminata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622. Cryton ; Madamahanewera, Ambagamowa, and Badalla districts, Thwaztes. A large tree; young branches reddish-brown, glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by §-2 in., midrib very stout, lateral nerves about 12 pairs, ascending. anicles 24 in. long, lateral, racemose, puberulous. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute. Putals lanceolate, acute, pale yellow. Stamens and style as in V. Gardneri.—Mature fruit uuknown. ** Peduneles few-flowered, 6. V. affinis, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate-oblong caudate-acumi- nate base rounded lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus aflinis, Thwaites in Hook. Journ. Bot. 1854, 68; Enum, 38, Vatica Thwaitesii, A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 621, Ceyton ; Hunasgiria district, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites. A large tree. Leaves 3-4} by 13-2 in., glabrous, opaque, glaucescent above, scabrid beneath; lateral nerves about 10 pairs, intervening spaces irregularly bullate * Vateria.] XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) 815 when dry; petiole 2 in., slender. Peduncles 4 in., axillary, usually 1-flowered. Calyx- segments subacute, hoary externally. 7..V. lanceolata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong shortly caudate-acuminate base acute midrib slightly prominent above lateral and transverse nerves depressed when dry. Stemonoporus lanceolatus, Thwaites Enum. 88. Vatica lanceolata, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 621. Ceyton; near Ratnapoora, Thwaites. A small tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 54-72 by 2-3 in., glabrous above, glabrescent beneath, lateral nerves about 8 pairs, prominent beneath; petiole 3-i in., stout, channelled. Peduneles } in., slightly supra-axillary, 1-flowered. Petals 3 in. long, elliptic, obtuse, pale yellow. Calyx-segments in fruit linear, acute. 8. V. canaliculata, Thwaites Hnum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong ob- tusely acuminate base obtuse or acute midrib channelled above lateral nerves in shallow depressions when dry with intramarginal connecting loops. Stemonoporus canaliculatus, Thwaites Hnum. 38. Vatica canalicu- lata, A, DC. Prodr, xvi, 2, 621. e Ceyton; Hinidoon and Reigam Corles, Thwaites. A moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles.striate, scabrous. . Leaves 24-43 by 1}-13 in., glabrous and opaque above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 10 pairs, prominent beneath ; petiole 1-14 in., thickened at the apex. Peduncles ?, in., axillary, about 3-flowered. Calyx-segments oblong, obtuse, densely pubescent externally, buff coloured. -Anthers linear-lanceolate, minutely apiculate, puberulous. Fruit 1-1} in. diam., } in. deep, flattened-spheroidal, pale chovolate-coloured, mottled. 9. V. petiolaris, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong shortly acuminate base rounded or subacute midrib elevated above, lateral nerves weak, petiole 13-3in. Stemonoporus petiolaris, Thwaites Hnum. 38. Vatica petiolaris, A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 621. Ceyxon; at Kittool Galle, Thwaites. A moderate-sized tree ; young parts and petioles scarcely scabrous. Leaves 6-10 by. 2-23 in., glabrous above, scabrous beneath, lateral nerves about 12 pairs. Peduncles ° }in,, axillary, 1-3-flowered. Calyx-segments ovate-oblong, obtuse. Anthers lanceo- ‘late, minutely apiculate, puberulous. 10. V. rigida, Thwaites Enum, 403; leaves obovate emarginate base acute or narrowly elliptic obtuse base rounded midrib slightly elevated above very stout beneath lateral nerves depressed when dry. Stemono- porus rigidus, Thwaites Enum. 38. Vatica rigida, A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 621. Czvton; Ambagamowa district, alt. about 3000 ft., Thwaites. : A large tree; young parts petioles and under-surface of the leaves minutely scabrous. Leaves 34-54 by 13 in., glabrescent and opaque above ; lateral nerves about 10 ; petiole 3-4in. Peduneles very short, axillary, about 3-flowered. Flowers 2 in. diam. Calyc- segments oblong, obtuse. Petals elliptic, subacute. Anthers linear-lanceolate, with a broad retuse apex, minutely hairy puberulous. Ll. V. oblongifolia, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves elliptic-oblong_sub- acuminate base rounded midrib and lateral nerves slightly elevated above. Stemonoporus oblongifolius, Thwaites Hnum. 38. Vatica oblonga, A. DC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 621. Cevion; Ambagamowa district, alt. about"4000 ft., Thwaites. ; A large tree; young parts tawny pulverulent-scabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 13-24 in, glabrous on both surfaces, midrib stout and prominent beneath ; petiole } in. Peduncles 316 XXV. DIPTEROCARPEE. (W. T. Thiselton Dyer.) [ Vateria. about 4 in., 1-4-flowered, crowded at the ends of the lateral shoots. Calyzx-segments elliptic, subacute. Petals obovate, obtuse. Anthers linear-oblong, obtusely apiculate, puberulous. Fruit 4 in. diam., globose, 3-sulcate, pale brown, minutely wrinkled. 12. V. reticulata, Thwaites Enum. 403 ; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong leathery acuminate base rounded shining above lateral nerves incon- spicuous. Stemonoporus reticulatus, Thwaites Enum. 38, Vatica reticulata, A, DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 620. Cexton; Hinidoon Corle, alt. about 1000 ft., Thwaites. : A moderate-sized tree ; young parts pulverulent. Leaves 24-34 by 13-2} in., opaque, midrib prominent and minutely reticulate beneath, lateral nerves 9 pairs; petiole 1 in. Peduncles axillary, 1-2-fowered. Flowers 3 in. diam. Calyx-segments lanceolate, glabrous, acute. Petals broadly elliptic, acute. Anthers linear, minutely apiculate, hairy-pubescent. Fruit 13 in. long, ovoid, acute, 3-sulcate, brown, minutely ver- rucose. 13. V. nitida, Thwaites Enum. 403; leaves lanceolate or ovate caudate- acuminate base rounded shining above opaque beneath midrib and lateral nerves inconspicuously prominent above. Stemonoporus nitidus, Thwaites Enum. 39. Vatica nitida, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 622. Cryton ; Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. A moderate-sized tree; twigs white-barked, with black verrucule, young parts dark brown, glabrescent. Leaves 3-4 by 13-14 in., midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves 6 pairs, slender; petiole 4 in. Peduncles few-flowered. Calyx-segments lanceolate, acute. Petals elliptic, acute, yellowish. -Anthers linear, minutely apiculate, puberu- lous.—The number of stamens proves this not to belong to Monoporandra, as A. De Candolle appears to think probable, no doubt from its resemblance to WV. lancifolia, which appears to be nothing more than a variety. : : Var. lancifolia, Thwaites Enum. 404 (sp.) ; leaves 24-34 by $1 in., tapering-acumi- nate, fruit about 1 by in. ovoid pale brown minutely mottled. Monoporanda lancifolia, Thwaites Enum. 39; A. DC. Prod. xvi.2, 637.—Hellessee and Pasdoon Corle, Thwaites. —The 15 stamens prove this to belong to Vateria. 14. V. Moonii, Thwaites Enum. 403; leaves linear-lanceolate base tapering nerves hairy on both surfaces when young ultimately glabrous. Stemonoporus? Moonii, Thwaites Hnum. 39. Vatica Moonii, A. DC. Prodr. Xvi. 2, 622. Cryton; Maturatte? Doon. Young parts and petioles densely fulvous-tomentose, ultimately glabrescent or pulveru- lous. Leaves 6-10 by 1-2 in., papery, midrib prominent beneath, lateral nerves about 20 pairs, curved upwards, rather Heuler with weaker ones intervening; petiole 1 in. Stipules 3-1 in. distinct, linear-lanceolate, rigid, persistent. Peduncles 1-flowered, in the axils of fallen leaves.—Somewhat resembling Vatica scabriuscula in habit, but dif- fering from other species of Vateria. Thwaites, however, by an analysis of the flower, has determined it to belong to Stemonoporus. ; 9. MONOPORANDRA, Thwaites, Glabrescent or puberulous, much branched, moderate-sized trees. Leaves entire, firm, feather-veined ; stipules small, deciduous or inconspicuous. Flowers moderate-sized on small, few or many flowered axillary peduncles. Calyx as in Vateria. Stamens 5; anthers as in Vateria. § Stemonoporus, minutely apiculate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 2-ovuled. Fruit globose, leathery, indehiscent, 1-seeded, supported by the reflexed scarcely accrescent calyx. Cotyledons fleshy, unequal, radicle superior.—Distr1z, Endemic in Ceylon ; species 2. According to Bentham and Hooker, and also Baillon, Monopo- Monoporandra.| XXV. DIPTEROCARPER. (W.T. Thiselton Dyer.) 3817 randra does not differ from the Stemonoporus section of Vateria (with which genus Thwaites now unites it) except in the number of stamens. Thwaites however figured and described the ovary as 2-celled, and from the examina- tion of IL. cordifolia I tind this to be correct. 1M. cordifolia, Thwaites in Hook. Journ.’ Bot. vi. (1854) 70; Enum. 39 ; leaves ovate shortly caudate-acuminate base cordate or rounded midrib and lateral nerves. depressed above, panicles about 1 in. many-flowered. A. LC. Prodr, xvi. 2, 237. Vateria cordifolia, Thwaztes Enum. 404. Cryton; Ambagamowa and Saffragam districts, elevation about 3000 ft., Thwattes. A moderate-sized much branched tree ; young parts puberulous or glabrescent. Leaves 9-44 by 1-23 in., glabrous. on both surfaces, opaque above, lateral nerves about 7 pairs; petiole 4-1 in., tumid at the apex. Flowers drooping, yellow. Calyx-segments lanceo- late, acute. £ruit the size of a pea, brown, mottled.. 2, M. elegans, Thwaztes in Hook. Journ. Bot. vi. (1854) 69, t.2B; Enum, 39; leaves elliptic abruptly and slenderly caudate-acuminate midrib depressed lateral nerves prominent above, peduncles 1-4-flowered about Sin, A. DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, 636. Vateria elegans. Thwattes Enum. 404, Ceyton; Saffragam district, alt. about 2000 ft., Thwaites. A moderate-sized tree; young parts glabrescent. Leaves 24-3 by 3-1 in., base obtuse or rounded, latcral nerves about 10 pairs; petiole $ in. Calyx-segments linear- lanceolate. Petals oblong, obtuse, pale-yellow. Anthers lanceolate, pulverulent. Fruit globose, 2, in. diam., with a drooping peduncle. An imperfect fruiting speciinen of a large tree collected by Major Beddome in South Tinnivelly and there called Karanyongoo, appears to belong to a new genus intermediate between Pachynocarpus and Vatica.—Twigs brown barked, with minute white spots. Leaves 34-44 by 14-14 in., lanceolate, obtuse, entire, lateral nerves 10 pairs, scarcely prominent; petiole about 4 in. Flowers in short terminal or axillary puberulous panicles; pedicels $ in. Calyz-tube very short, segments 3 in., ovate, minutely acumi- nate, thickened, with numerous minute pale Pee pe Z Capsule 3 in, diam., nearly globose, apiculate, glabrous, striate. ‘Seéd solitary ; cotyledons fleshy, deeply 2-fid, enclosing the superior radicle. Orper XXVI. MALVACEZ. . (By Maxwell T. Masters, F.R.S.) Herbs, shrubs or rarely soft-wooded trees, with mucilaginous rarely acid juice, and tenacious inner bark; herbaceous portions generally more or less densely covered with stellate hairs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, simple lobed or rarely compound. Stipules free, sometimes caducous. Bracteoles 3 or more, scattered or approximate, free or combined, often forming an epi- calyx. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary fascicled or cymoso-paniculate, regular, hermaphrodite or 1-sexual. Sepals 5, valvate, free or connate. Petals 5, twisted-imbricate. Stamens o, rarely definite, adnate to the base of the petals; filaments monadelphous, forming a tube, rarely a column; anthers oblong or reniform, cells sinuous or twisted, linear ‘or annular, ultimately 1-celled, bursting longitudinally; pollen globose, granular, muriculate. Ovary 2- many-celled, entire, or lobed, of 2-5 or usually more carpels whorled round a central axis; styles connate below or throughout their length; stigmas linear peltate spathulate or capitate ; ovules 1 or more, curved, attached to the inner angle of each carpel. rut of dry indehiscent or dehiscent cocci, or capsular and loculicidal, sometimes large and woody, Seeds reniform or obovid, glabrous hairy silky or woolly; 318 XXVI. MALVACEEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) ‘ albumen scanty often mucilaginous or 0 ; embryo curved ; cotyledons leafy, usually folded or crumpled.—Distriz. Abundant in warm regious, common in temperate, absent from arctic, Genera 57, known species about 700, largely represented in India. A few genera are peculiar to India or the Archipelago, and some of the species are also endemic. A. Andrcecium tubular ; tube entire, or but slightly divided at the apex. Tree I. Walvee. Herbsor shrubs. Ripe carpels separating from the axis. Styles as many as the carpels. Ovules solitary, ascending. Stigmas linear. Bracteoles 6-9. . «© se es ew ee es 6 T Anrmama. Bracteoles 3, connate . . . - . . «s+ + + « 2. Lavarera., Bracteoles 8, free. 2 - 6 ee 6 ee ew ee ee 8. Mata, Stigmas capitate. . . 2 2 2 ew ee ee + + + 8.* Manvasrrum. Ovules solitary, pendulous. Carpels spreading, beakless . . . - . . « + + + + 3.** Anopa. Carpels convergent at the points or beaked . . . . . . 4. Suva. Ovules 2 or more, Carpels with a transverse false partition . . . . . . 4.* Wissapuba. Carpels with no false partition. . . . . . « . . . 5, ABUTILON. Tre lI. Urenes. Styles or stigmatic branches twice as many as the carpels. Carpels opposite the petals. Carpels unarmed wee ee ee ee ew we 65 Maracura. Carpels beset with spines . . . . . « « «© « ~ « 6, Unnna. Carpels opposite the sepals. . 2 2... « « + + « - 7, Pavonza. Tre II]. Hibiscese. Herbs or shrubs. Fruit capsular. Sepals leafy. Staminal-tube truncate ur 5-toothed at the apex. Stigmas spreading. Seeds reniform. Ovary 10-celled 2. 2. 2 1. 1. 2 ew ee ee | 68 Decascustis. Ovary 2-5-celled. Stamens10. 2. 2. 2. 2 1 se ee - « 9. JULOSTYLES. Stamens numerous. Bracteoles 4, lanceolate combined at the base . . . 10. DiceLzosryzes. Bracteoles 8, cordate . . . . . . « - . Il. Serra. Bracteoles 5 ormore . . . . . « » « + « » 12, Hiziscus. Stigmas coherent in a club-shaped mass. Bracteoles 3-5, small . . . . 2. «. « «.. « « . 13. THespessa, Bracteoles 3, large, cordate. . . . 2. . . «. ~~ « 14. Gossypium. B. Andreecium either tubular at the base only, and divided above into pentadelphous filaments (rarely tubular higher up); or divided throughout into filaments. TRE IV. Bombacew. Trees. Sepals leathery. Styles connate or free. Fruit capsular or indehiscent. Leaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles4-5 . Leaves digitate. Bracteoles 0. Calyx 5-cleft Be ease JN Gehan. Calyx truncate or irregularly 3-5-lobed. Ultimate filament with a single anther Filaments with 2-3 anthers. . Leaves simple 1-costate, scaly. Bracteoles united into a tube. PetalaO . 2. 6 2 te ew «oe « « « . 15. Kypta. +. « « 15.* Apansonta. » . « . 16. Bompax. oe « «© «© « « « 17. Exiopenpron. oe ee ow @ © 18. Content. XXVI. MALVACEH, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 319 Petals 5. Calyx.tubular or bell-shaped. _Anthers linear, cells sinuous. .,. =. 2. . . + « « « « 19, Dorto. Anthers globose, opening by a:pore .. ... . . . . 20, Boscuta, Calyx dilated at the base. Calyx cushion-shaped ororbicular. . . . . . 3... . . 21. Neusta. Calyx 5-pouched at the base . . 2... . ws . 22, Canosreaz. 1. ALTHZZA, Linn. Herbs pubescent or villous, erect or decumbent, Zeaves more or less deeply divided, rarely entire, lowers peduncled, axillary, solitary or fascicled, often in long terminal racemes. Bracteoles 6-9, connate at the base. Anther-valves subglobose or linear. Ovary many-celled; styles filiform, inner surface stigmatose; ovules 1 in each cell. Carpels numerous, ultimately separating from a short torus. Seed solitary in each carpel, ascending.—Distris. Temperate regions, rare in the tropics; known species about 12. Althea rosea, L., the common Holly-hock, is often cultivated in Indian Gardens: it is A. coromandelina, Cav., and A, chinensis, Wall. Cat. 2689. 1. A. Ludwigii, LZ. ; DC. Prodr. i. 437; annual, hispid, prostrate or ascending, leaves deeply lobed lobes 3-fid, flowers shortly peduncled few or tufted, anther-valves subglobose, carpels glabrous. Cav, /c. 423 ; Boiss. Flor. Orient. i, 824. Malva malwensis, Zdgew. in Hook. Journ. Bot, ti. 284..' Norra Wesrern Inpra, the Pangan, and Sinpa.—Dustriz. Western Asia and the Mediterranean region ; S. Africa. . Stem 6-12 in high, slender, branching. Leaves long-petioled, orbicular, 5-7-lobed, lobes wedge-shaped. Bractevles 7-9, as long as the calyx. Flowers whitish, 4-2 in. diam. Petuls exceeding the lanceolate sepals. Carpels wrinkled at the sides. 2, A. officinalis, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 436 ; perennial, uniformly downy, leaves ovate simple or slightly lobed, flowers peduncled in axillary clusters, bracteoles linear-lanceolate, anther-valves subglobose. Boiss. Flor. Orient. 1, 825. Kasamir, Jacquemont, &ci—Distris. Westward to England. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovoid, annular, base scarcely cordate, unequally toothed ; stipules linear-subulate. Flowers 1-2 in. diam., rosy. Bracteoles half the length of the sepals.—The Marsh Mallow, which yields Guimauve. Var. taurinensis; not so densely downy as the type, flowers comparatively few. A, taurinensis, DC. Prodr. i, 436. 2. LAVATERA, Linn. Herbs with branching downy stems. Leaves lobed, Flowers peduncled, axillary. Bracteoles 3, connate at the base. Ovary many-celled ; styles filiform, inner surface stigmatose; ovules 1 in each cell. Ripe carpels numerous, surrounding a prominent conical torus, from which they ultimately separate. Sced solitary, ascending.—Disrris. Chiefly Mediter- ranean ; one is Australian, two are Canarian. 1, &. Kashmiriana, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot, 29, t. 32.4 Kasumir, Jacquemont, &c. ? bs A branching downy herb. Lower leaves with petioles as long as the blade, orbicular, cordate, 5-lobed, lobes crenate nearly glabrous above, downy beneath, upper with petiole shorter than the blade, 3-5-lobed, lobes acute, central longest; stipules linear-lanceo- 820 XXVI. MALVACEH. (Maxwell T. Masters.) — [Zavatera. late. Peduncles about equalling the leaves. Bracteoles 3, broadly ovate, acute, com- bined at the base. Sepals lanceolate, longer than the bracteoles. Corolla 3 in. diam., pink; petals cuneate, deeply 2-tid. - Staminal column villous. Carpels reniform, smooth, shorter than the projecting torus. 3. MALVA, Linn. Downy herbs. Leaves lobed. Flowers in axillary tufts. Bracteoles 3, distinct. Sepals 5, connate at the base. Petals emarginate, connate at the extreme base, Staminal-tube antheriferous to the top, without sterile teeth. Ovary many-celled ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas linear ; ovules Lin each cell. Ripe carpels 1-seeded,.indehiscent, separating from a short conical torus. Seed ascending.—Dtstris. Temperate regions of the Old World. Species about 16; many are widely diffused by cultivation, é&c. None of the Indian species are endemic, 1. M. verticillata, LZ. ; DC. Prodr. i. 433; an erect annual or peren- nial, pubescent, flowers nearly sessile in dense axiliary clusters. Wall. Cat. 1879, 1884, 3,4. M. neilgherrensis, Wight Jc. t. 950. M. alchemillefolia, Wall. Cat, 1884, d. Temperate Himauaya, ascending to 6-12,000 ft., from Assam and Sikkim’ to Kumaon and Lahul; Nineniris Mrs., in corn fields, Wight.—Distris. Europe, Abyssinia, Egypt, Amoor land; China. . Stem bianched, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, suborbicular, 5-6-lobed, downy ; petiole 6-7 in. Flowers small, nearly sessile, densely crowded. Bracteoles linear. Sepals deltoid-lanceolate. Petals notched, slightly longer than the sepals. Carpels 10-12, enclosed within the accrescent calyx, netted on the sides, prominently ribbed at the back. 2, M. silvestris, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 432 ; an erect nearly glabrous herb, peduncles as long or longer than the flowers erect or ascending. Boiss. Flor. Orient. 1. 819. Western Temperate Himataya, from Kumaon, alt. 2500 ft., to Kasasmme and the Pansgaz.—Distaie. Europe, N. Africa, Siberia. Annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves cordate, rounded, lobed; petiole 4-5in. Peduncles about 1 in. Bracteoles ovate, entire, shorter than the bell-shaped calyx. Corolla 14 in. diam. Petals notched, claw-bearded. Carpels reticulated, downy or glabrous. Var. 1. mauritiana; carpels reticulated, glabrous. I. mauritiana, DC. Prodr. i. 432, Cav. Diss. ii. 25, f. 2; Roxb. FI). Ind. iii. 181; W. & A. Prodr. i. 45 ; Wall. Cat. 1877; Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 819—Bengal, Western Peninsula. I. ciliata, Wall. Cat. 1878. Var. 2. eriocarpa, Boissier Fl. Orient. i. 819 ; carpels reticulated downy.—Himalaya, 3. M. rotundifolia, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 433; a spreading herb, slightly downy, peduncles deflexed after flowering, claw of petal bearded. Wall. Cat. 1885 ; Bowss. Flor. Orient. i, 820, M. vulgaris, Fries. Novrit. 219, Norra-Wesr Provinces; Komaon and Suypa.—Distris. Europe, W. Asia. A much-branched herb, sparingly villous, Leaves suborbicular, lobed, crenate ; petiole 6-7 in. Peduneles14in. Bracteoles lanceolate half the length of the broadly lance- shaped sepals. Corolla 1 in. diam. Petals wedge-shaped, notched, twice the length of the sepals. Ripe carpels downy, flat or wrinkled. Var. 1. borealis; petals scarcely exceeding the sepals, carpels prominently wrinkled and netted. M. rotundifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 181; JZ. borealis, Wallm. ex Boiss. Flor. Orient. i. 820; I rotundifolia var. 8, W. & A. Prod. i. 45; Wall. Cat. 1884, e, f; M. parviflora, Huds. not of Linn.—Bengal, Mysore. oh an. 2. reticulata ; petals exceeding the calyx; carpels glabrous, wrinkled, M. rotun- difolia, var. a, W. & A. Prodr. i. 45; Wall. Cat. 1884, e—Bengal, North-West Hima- Jaya, alt. 1-2000 ft. Malva.] XXVI. MALVACER, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 321 4, M. parviflora, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 433; a spreading herb, slightly downy, peduncles spreading after flowering, claw of petal glabrous. Boiss. Flor, Orient. i. 820. Fie Norta-West Himataya, alt. 1-2000 ft., Upesr Beneax, Srnpa and the Pansas.— Distais. Europe, the Levant, Arabia, Nubia. A ampere small spreading herb. Leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed; peduacles short. Bracteoles linear. Sepals broad, acute. Petals notched, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Carpets wrinkled. 3.* MALVASTRUM, A. Gray. ‘Herbs or undershrubs. eaves entire or divided. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, Bracteoles3, narrow. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-parted. Petals longer than the sepals. Staminal-tube antheriferous to the summit, with no-sterile teeth. Qvary 5- or more-celled; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas capitate. Ripe carpels separating from a short torus, indehiscent, 1-seeded, beaked or not. Seed ascending.—Duistris. About 60 species, all American and §. African except 2, which are widely distributed throughout the tropics of both hemispheres. M. rricuspripatum, A. Gray Pl. Wright, 16; hairs simple, carpels with three small projecting points. Malva tricuspidata, Aw; DC. Prodr. i, 430. Various parts of Benga and Mapras, introduced.—Disrris. Tropics of both hemi- spheres anil Australia. An erect branching herb, 2-8 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, irregularly toothed, feather-veined. Petiole1Lin. Peduncles 4-4in. Bracteoles narrow. Calyx campanu- late, 5-fid, lobes triangular acute. Petals yellow. Carpels 8-12, reniform. M. spicatum, 4. Gray Pl. Fendler, 22; hairs stellate, carpels rounded or angular not beaked. Malva spicata, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 430. Various parts of India, introduced; Mereut, Griffith —Disrris. Tropics of both hemi- spheres. An erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, sometimes lobed. Flowers in a dense terminal leafy spike. Bracteoles narrow. Sepals acuminate. Petals yellow. Carpels 8-12, pubescent. 3.4* ANODA, Cav. Hispid herbs. Leaves hastate-lobed. Flowers on long axillary peduncles. Bracteoles 0. Calyx 5-parted, segments spreading. Petals 5. Staminal- tube dividing into numerous filaments at the top. Ovary many-celled ; styles as many as the cells of the ovary; ovules 1 in each cell. Azpe carpels separating from the axis, bursting irregularly, 1-seeded.—DistRip. An American genus of 8 species, not indigenous in India. A. nastata, L.; DC. Prodr. i. 458; thinly clothed with appressed Lhe leaves ovate-cordate hastate 5-lobed, lobes deltoid céntral one ougest. _ Various places in Norta-Werstern Inpra and the Western Penrysova, but not in- digenous—Disrris. W. Indies, &c. : A herb 2-3 ft. high, thinly beset with appressed hairs. Leaves 2-3 in.; petioles Ifin. Stipules linear, § in. long. Peduncles 4 in., 1-flowered. Flowers 13 in. diam. Sepals 5, bruadly ovate, acute, spreading, connate at the base into « shallow tube. Petals purple, longer than the sepals. L VOL. x 822, XXVI. MALVACEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Sida, . 4. SIDA, Linn. Herbs or undershrubs. eaves simple or lobed. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of 5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Staminal-tube dividing at the summit into numerous anther-bearing filaments. Carpels 5 or more,: whorled ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmas terminal. Ripe carpels separating from the axis, generally 2-awned at the summit, and dehiscing irregularly or by a small chink, Seed solitary, pendulous or horizontal ; radicle superior.—Distris, A genus of about 80 species, most of them being tropical weeds: , * Herbaceous, often trailing. 1. S. humilis, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 463; a trailing herb, leaves sub-. orbicular-cordate acute serrate slightly hairy, carpels 5 sometimes awned. Cav, Diss. v. t. 134, f. 2; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 171; Thwaites Hnum. 28; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl.17; Wall. Cat. 1854, 1, 2, 3,D; W. & A. Prodr. i. 59; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 140. §& unilocularis, L’Her. Stirp. t. 56. 8. pilosa, Retz, not of Cav. ea W. & A. loz; Wall.,Cat. 1854, E. 8. radicans, Wall. Cat. 1854 G. §S. multicaulis, Cav. Diss, i. 10, t. 1, f 6; DC. Le. 8. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853, not of DC. Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India. Distris. Tropical Africa and America. ; Very variable. Stem usually procumbent, branching, covered, like the leaves, with a few scattered radiating hairs; petiole rather shorter than the blade. Peduncles jointed in the middle, distant or arranged in a loose raceme. lowers axillary, soli- tary or twin. Calyz-segments triangular, very acute. Corolla straw-coloured, scarcely ‘xceeding the calyx. Carpels 5, muticous or shortly bicuspidate.—The specimens vary so much in quality of pubescence, length of carpellary awns, &c., that I find it difficult to determine the following varieties with accuracy. Var. 1. morifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 9, t. 1, f. 1 (sp.); carpels slightly mucronate.— Wail. Cat. 1853 B, BE. , Var. 2. veronicefolia, Lam. Dict. n. 11 (sp.); carpels with two longish awns.— Cav. Diss. i. 7, t.1,f. 3 and 5; Wall. Cat. 1853 D. _2. S. mysorensis, W. & A. Prodr. i. 59; herbaceous, covered with glutinous hairs, leaves cordate-ovate acuminate, peduncles shorter than the. petioles, carpels 5 awned keeled. Thwattes Enum. 28. 8. hirta, Wall. Cat. 1855, not of Lam. §&. urticefolia, W. dé A. l.c. S. nervosa, Wall. Cat. 1853 E. 8. olens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1874. S. glutinosa, Rozb. Hort. Beng. 97; Fl. Ind. iii. 172; Wall. Cat. 1855, not of Cav. 8. tenax. Ham. in W. & A. Prodr.i.lc.; Wall. Cat, 1855, E, F. 18. radicans, Cav, Diss, i. p. 8; W. & A. Prodr, 1, 59.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. 69. Buoran, TENAssertM, CoromManvEL, Mysore, Concan, CryLon. A herb or undershrub 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 23 by 2 in., coarsely toothed, downy be- neath ; petiole 14 in. Pedunele jointed in the middle. lowers scarcely 4 in. diam. —Perhaps not specifically distinct from S. humilis. ** Suffrutescent (except 8. corylifolia) erect or rarely procumbent. 2. S. Schimperiana, Hochst. in Rich. Fl, Abyss. i. 66; perennial,- shrubby, branches repeatedly forked, leaves oblong retuse base cuneate, carpels 5 subglobose beaks short connivent. Mast. in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 180. Sida cuneifolia, Aoxb, Fl. Ind. iii. 170. Dictyocarpus truncatus, Wight in ann. Se. Nat. ser. 2, xi. 169; Madras Journ. Lit. d& Sc. v. t. 19. Melo- chia truncata and Hermannia alnifolia, Wall. Cat. 1196 K. w Sida.] XXVI. MALVACER. (Maxwell T. Masters.) 823 arene Peninsuta; Carnatic and the Dekkan, Wight, &c,—Drsrrin. Abyssinia, 8. Africa, : A woody undershrub, with a thick rootstock. Branches intricate, decumbent or erect. Leaves 4 in., sparingly covered with stellate hairs, petiole very short. Flowers solitary, axillary, shortly petioled. Sepals 5, connate below the middle in a cup-shaped tube. Petals pink. Carpels ultimately dehiscing along the inner edge. 4, S. spinosa, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 460; shrubby, erect, branches often. with spiny tubercles below the variable leaves, which are hoary beneath, carpels 5, beaks erect. S. alba, Z. ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 58; DC. Prodr. le. ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 174; Thwaites Enum. 28; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 17. §, retusa, Wight Cat. 195, not of Linn. S, alnifolia, L. ; DC. Prodr. i. 461 ; Road. Fl. Ind. iii. 174; W. & A. Prodr. i, 58; Wall. Cat. 1873. &. glan- dulosa, Roxb, mss. ee W. & A. Prodr.i.lc. §. Boriara, Wall. Cat, 1872. Hotter parts of India, from the Norra-West provinces to Ceyton.—Dusrers. Tropics generally. ae about 2 in., ovate obovate or linear-lanceolate, obtusely serrate, base cordate, sometimes cuneate: petiole 4 in. Peduncles solitary or clustered, jointed near the flower, oimelling or exceeding the petiole. Sepals deltoid, connate below into a cup-shaped tube. Carpels membranous, scarcely longer than the calyx. 5. S. grewioides, Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 71; a cano-tomen- tose undershrub, leaves oblong-ovate obtuse, calyx-tube angular, carpels 7-8 wrinkled awned, beaks connivent. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 835; Mast. in- Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1. 182. Norra-West provinces and Sinpa.—Disrris. Arabia, Tropical Africa. Leaves about 4 in., crenate, downy on both surfaces ; petiole shorter than the blade. Stipules linear-subulate, scarcely so long as the petiole. Peduncles solitary or twin, shorter than the petioles. "lowers yellow, small. Carpels indehiscent, or nearly so. 6. S. carpinifolia, Z.; DC. Prodr. i. 460; an undershrub, leaves nearly glabrous narrow acuminate serrate, stipules linear-subulate longer than the petiole, peduncle jointed in the middle as long as the petiole, sepals triangular acute, calyx-tube subglobose, carpels 5-9 rugose awned. Wall. Cat. 1871. 8. acuta, Burm. ; Cav. Diss. i. t. 2, £3; DC. Prodr. i. 461; Wall. Cat. 1868, 1, 2, 3, 4,5; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 171; W.& A. Prodr.i. 57; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17; Thwaites Enum. 27; Wight Ic. t. 95; Wall. Cat. 1868 G. S. lanceolata, Roxb. l.c. 175; Wall. Cat. 1868 F. 8. stipulata, Cav. Diss. i. t. 3, £.10; DC. Prodr. i. 460; W. & A. Prodr. ic, §. Stauntoniana, D0. Lc. ; 8. scoparia, Lowr. ex W. & A. l.c.—Rheede, Hort. Mal. x. t. 53. ‘Generally distributed throughout the hotter parts of India.—Disrrie. Tropics generally. Perennial. Leaves about 2-3 in., linear-lanceolate; petiole 4-7 in.; stipules many-nerved, two or three times longer than the petiole. Petals yellow, twice the length of the calyx.—De Candolle’s S. compressa, from Nipal, which I have uot seen, is described as having the leaves hoary beneath, and the peduncles three times as long as the petiole. _ 7. S.rhombifolia, Linn. ; shrubby, erect, leaves polymorphous taper- Ing at the base, peduncle longer than the petivle, carpels 10 awned or not, as long as the calyx. DC. Prodr. i. 462; Road. Fl. Ind. iii. 176 ; Wall. Cat. 1862, 2; Thwaites Hnum. 28. 8. canariensis, Willd. ; DC. Prodr.i 462. Sida compressa, Wall. Cat. 1866; DC. Prodr. i. 462. Widely distributed throughout India.—Dusrris. Tropics of both hemispheres. Very vaziable, perennial, glabrous or with scattered stellate hairs. Leaves generally more or less rhomboid, under side hoary, rarely green; stipules linear-setaceous, longer than the petiole. Peduncle rarely less than twice as long as the petiole, axillary or clustered at the ends of the branches. Flowers ‘yellow, rarely white. — delt oi Y 824 XXVI, MALVACEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Sida. acuminate. Carpels smooth or reticulate.—Very variable in form of leaf, relative length of peduncle, position of joint, and size of the carpellary awns.—This species and its allies yield good fibre. The following forms may be more or less readily distinguished, and many more might he added, but their characters merge so much one into the other, that discrimination becomes difficult. Var. 1. seabrida, W. & A. Prodr. i. 57 (sp.); sprinkled with rigid hairs, leaves con- co'orous, peduncles jointed at the base, carpels awned. Var. 2. retusa, Linn. (sp.); leaves obovate retuse hoary underneath, peduncles equalling the leaves jointed above the middle, carpellary awns short.— Cav. Diss, i. t. 3, f. 4, and Diss. v. t. 131, f. 2; W. & A. Prodr.i.58; Wall. Cat. 1870; DC. Prodr.i. 462; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 175; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17. S. chinensis, Retz ex Roxb. Hort. Beng. 97; Fl. Ind. iii, 174. 8. philippica, DC. Prodr, i. 462; W. & A. Prodr. lc.; Wall. Cat.1869; Rheede Hort. Mal.x.18; Rumph. Amb. v. t. 19.—The § cory- nocarpa, Wall. Cat. 1870, seems to be a form of this variety, with densely. intricate woody branches, and long carpellary awns. Var. 3. rhomboidea, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. Ind. iii. 176 (sp.); leaves rhomboid hoary beneath, peduncles jointed at’ the base, carpellary awns very short inflected. DC. Prodr. i. 462; W. & A. Prodr. i. 57; Wall. Cat. 1862 E, 1865; Thwaites Enum, 28. 8. rhombifolia, Wall. Cat. 1862 F.? 8. orientalis, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12.— The flowers expand at noon (Rozb). ; . Var 4. obovata, Wall. Cat. 1864 (sp.); leaves 14 by 2 in. broadly obovate hoary beneath. apex coarsely toothed, base cuneate, petiole 4 in., peduncle longer than the petiole shorter than thé blade. Var. 5. microphylla, Cav. Diss. i. t. 12, f.2 (sp.); leaves small elliptic dentate hoary beneath, peduncle slightly exceeding the petiole, carpels 5-7 awned.—Fozb. Fl. Ind. ili. 170; DC. Prodr. i. 461. 8. S. corylifolia, Wall. Cat. 1865; leaves oblong glabrous on both surfaces crendte-serrate base rounded, peduncle longer than the petiole jointed above the middle, carpels smooth, awns long erect covered with reflexed bristles. : Birma, Wallich. Herbaceous Leaves 4 by 2 in., concolorous; petiole i} in.; stipules deciduous. Peduncle 14 in. Calyx broad, cup-shaped, 4 in. diam., glabrous; sepals deltoid, acute, shorter than the carpellary awns.—Resembles S. cordifolia in the long awns. 9. S. cordifolia, LZ. ; DC. Prodr. i. 464; downy, erect, leaves cordate- oblong obtuse crenate, carpels 10 awned awns longer than the calyx covered with stiff reflexed hairs. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 177; Wall. Cat. 1949; W. dé A. Prodr. i. 58; Thwaites Enum. 28 ; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 17; Mast. in Oliv. Hl. Trop. Afr.i. 181; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat, i. pt. 2, 140, 8. herbacea, Cav. Diss. i. 19, t. 13, f. 1; DC. Prodr. i, 463 §. micans, Cav. Diss. i. 19, t. 3, f. 1. 8. rotundifolia, Cav. Diss. i. 20, t. 3, f. 6, and Diss. vi. t. 194, £.2; Wall. Cat. 1849,D; DC. Prodr.i. 464. S.altheifolia, Swartz; Guill. & Per. Fl. Seneg. i. 73.—Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t. 54. Seeerally distributed throughout tropical and subtropical India.—Drsrrim, A tropical weed. . Annual or perennial. Leaves 14~2 by 1-1} in. very downy on both surfaces ; petiole as long as the leaf; stipules linear, half the length of the petiole. Pedunclea jointed near the flower, lower distant longer than the petioles, upper crowded very short. Fluwers yellow. Carpels furrowed at the back, sides reticulated.—Flowers with the other species in the rainy and cool seasons. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, S. rentacarros, Roxb. ex Horn, Supp. 78; DC. Prodr. i. 473, an annual plant having cordate sub-tricnspidate leaves, peduncles as long as the petioles, and muticous very hispid carpels.— Kosteletzkya pentacarpos is not a native of India. Sida.] XXVI. MALVACEH, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 325 4,* WISSADULA, Medik. __ Undershrubs, more or less beset with soft hairs. Leaves palmately lobed. Inflorescence lax, panicled. Bracteoles 0. Calyx of 5 sepals which are free above tubular below. Petals 5, connate below and adherent to the tube of the stamens. Staminal-tube divided at the apex into numerous filaments. Styles as many as the cells of the ovary. Ripe carpels 5, many-seeded, beaked, dehiscent, often with a transverse false partition. Seeds 1-3 in each cell, lower descending, upper ascending.—Disrris. Species 5 or 6 tropical American, and one common in all the hotter parts of the globe. In habit they differ from the species of Sida and Abutilon. W. rostrata, Planch. in Hook. Niger Flora, 229; peduncle longer than the petiole, carpels with a false partition, Mast, in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 182. ,W. periplocifolia, Thwaites num. 27, W. zeylanica, Medik.; Mag. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 147. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don Gen, Syst i. 500; W. & A. Prodr. i. 55, Sida periplocitolia, Z.; DC. Prodr. i. 467 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 172; Wall. Cat. 1861, B, C, D. ; Cultivated in India, naturalized in Ceylon, and very common in the south of the island.—Disrris. Java, Tropical Africa and America. Suffrutescent, more or less densely clothed with stellate tomentum. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in. and upwards, glabrous above, pubescent beneath, cordate-oblong, entire, tapering into a long point; petiole 1 in. lowers yellow, in lax panicles. Peduncles , 3 in., jointed near the top. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals exceeding the calyx. Ripe carpels awned, much longer than the calyx.—Roxburgh says this is a native of the Malay islands, and yields a beautiful hemp. Var. 1. zeylanica, DC. Prodr. i. 467; leaves narrow, slightly scabrid above.— Pluk, 1.74, £7; Dill. Hort. Hith. i. t. 8, £2. d W. LEScHENAULTIANA, peduncles not exceeding the petiole, carpels with- out false partitions, Sida Leschenaultiana, DC. Prodr.i, 468, Abutilun Leschenaultianum, Don Gen. Syst. i. 500. Cultivated in India and in Ceylon; its native country not known. Suffrutescent, softly downy. Leaves 2-3 by 24-34 in., glabrescent above, softly tomentose beneath, cordate-ovate, acuminate, quite entire; petiole 3-4in. Inflores-. cence terminal, pauicled, many-flowered. Peduncles 1-2 in. Petals obcordate. Ripe carpels ovoid.—In habit this plant agrees with Wissadula, but it is destitute of the false partitions in the carpel. 5, ABUTILON, Gerin. Herbs or undershrubs more or less covered with down. Leaves angled or palmately-lobed. ee axillary or terminal. Bracteoles 0, Calyx of 5 valvate sepals, tubular below. Corolla of 5 petals, free above, connate below and adnate to the tube of the stamens. Staminal-tube divided at the apex into numerous filaments. Carpels 6-0, Styles as many as the carpels. Ripe carpels separating from the axis, awned or not, 1- or more-seeded, Seeds reniform, upper ascending, lower descending.—DistR1B. About, 70 species, all tropical or subtropical. As a genus hardly separable from Sida, except in habit and in the larger flowers, which latter (in the Indian species) usually open in the evening, while in the Sidas they expand about noon. * Carpels more than 10 (eacept in A. polyandrum). 1, A. polyandrum, Schlecht. in Link Enum Hort. Berol. ii. 264; leaves roundish-cordate with a long acumen, filaments free nearly to the base, staminal-tube with a ring of hairs at the top, carpels 5 awned. Don 326 XXVI. MALVACEE. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [ Abutilon, Gen. Syst.i. 500; W.d& A. Prodr.i. 55; Thwaites Enum. 27; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 17; Mig. F!. Ind. Ea:. i. pt. 2, 144. Sida oxyphylla, Wail. Cat. 1850. §. polyandra, Rewb. Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. Ind. iti. 173; Wall. Cat. 1851,D,E,F. S. persica, Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 47,f.1; Cav, Diss. it. 4,015 DU. Prodr. i. 473. &. macrophylla, Wall. Cat. 1851, D. ; Norra-Wxsr provinces, Trorican Himanaya, WexsrerN Puninsuua, Brema, Creyviton.—Distris. Java, South Trop. Africa, Persia ? : : Annual or perennial. Leaves 4-5 in., downy, especially beneath; petiole 4 in. Peduneles clustered in small terminal racemes, jointed near the top. Sepals lanceolate, forming a bell-shaped tube below. Corolla 14 in. diam. Carpels hispid exceeding the calyx, awns erect. 2. A. asiaticum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503; leaves rugose above velvety beneath acute or acuminate, toothed, cordate at the base, sepals. ovate acute or acuminate, petals overlapping, ripe _carpels about 20 hispid scarcely longer than the calyx, awns erect. Thwaites Enum. 27; W. & A. Prod.i. 56; Mast. in Oliv. #l. Trop, Afr. i. 184, Sida asiatica, Linn, Sp. 964; Cav. Diss. i. t. 7, £. 2, and v. t. 128, £1; Mig. #1. Ind. Bat. i, pt. 2,145; L’Her. Sturp. 130. Western Peninsuta ; Ceyton.—Disrris. Tropics of both hemispheres. Herbaceous or suffrutescent. Leaves 8-4 in. and more, subscabrid above, velvety beneath; stipules linear, deflexed. Peduncles stout, jointed near the flower, longer than the petiole. lowers yellow, 2 in. diam. Calyx campanulate Carpels rarely muticous. ; . The synonymy of this and the two following species is much confused. The A. asiaticum of Wight’s herbarium is indistinguishable from A. indiewm of Don. The rugose upper surface of the leaf mentioned by L’Heritier is one of the best marks of this species, the shape of the calyx-lobes, and the relative size and amount of pubes- , cence of the carpels is more variable. 3. A. indicum, (. Don Gen. Syst. i. 504; leaves cordate nearly entire or irregularly toothed covered on both surfaces with closely-felted white down with few or no hairs intermingled, sepals ovate acute, ripe carpels 15-20 longer than the calyx glabrescent truncate or shortly awned, awns spreading, A. asiaticum, W. & A. Prodr, i. 56, not Sida asiatica, Linn. ; W. & A. Prodr. i. 56; Wight, Ic. t. 12; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. FI. 18 ; Thwaites Enum, 27 ; Mast. in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 146, Sida indica, L.; DC. Prodr.i, 471; Cav. Diss. i, p. 83, t. 7,£10; Row, Fi. Ind. iii. 179; Wall. Cat. 1859, 1, 2, D, F.. Generally distributed throughout tropical India (wanting in Malacca). Crytoy, Tiwaites.—Disrris. Tropics. Annual or perennial. Stipules deflexed. Peduncles longer than the petioles, jointed near the top. Flowers yellow, 1 in. diam., opening in the evening. Var. 1. populifolium, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56, var. 8; leaves more or less acuminate. Abutilon populitolium, G, Don Gen. Syst. i. 503; Sida populifolia, Lam.; Cav. Diss. it. 7, £9; DO. Prodr, i. 470; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 179; Wall. Cat, 1858; Sida Beloere, L’ Her. Stirp. i. 130. §. Eteromischos, Cav. Diss. ii, 55, and v. p. 275, t. 128. —Rumph, Amb. iv. t. xi.; Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 65. Lamarck’s plant is open to doubt, as the stem is described as purplish, and the stipules as spirally twisted. 4, A. bidentatum, Hochst. in A. Rich. Fl. Abyss. i, 68; leaves cordate- ovate acuminate crenate-toothed, stipules short subulate, panicles axillary, peduncles shorter than the leaves, ripe carpels 20 smooth exceeding the calyx, awns spreading. Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 186. Nortu-Wesr provinces, Edgeworth; Stnpu, Stocks ; Pangan, T. Thomson; Con- can,—Disreie. Tropical Africa and Arabia. Abutilon,] —-XXVI. MALVACER, (Maxwell T. Masters.) 827 ea _ Erect, perennial. Leaves 24-3 by 2 in., downy on both surfaces, lower petioles 4-5 in. Peduncles 14-2 in. Sepals ovate, acute. Calyz-tube cup-shaped. Ripe fruit 4in. diam. Carpels oblong, glabrescent, twice the length of the calyx. 5. A. graveolens, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56; branches covered with een pubescence mixed with spreading hairs, leaves orbicular-cordate abruptly acuminate velvety on both sides, stipules falcate, peduncles as long as the petioles, Hepes ovate acuminate, carpels 20 or more rounded hairy. Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 184; Thwaites num. 27. Sida gra- -veolens, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 50, Fl. ; Ind, iii. 179; DC. Prodr.i. 473; Wail. Cat, 1856, D,E, F,G. &. hirta, Wall. Cat. 1852, B partly. Norra-Wesr provincns, Sinpn, Nirenmrnis Mrs., and Ceyton.—Drstrm. Belu- ‘chistan, Java, Tropical Africa and Australia. Leaves sometimes lobed ; petiole almost as long as the blade ; stipules linear, reflexed. Flowers large, orange coloured, with a darker centre, ultimately reflexed. Petals ob- cordate. Carpets truncate, rather longer than the calyx, not awned,—The fresh plarit, ‘according to Roxburgh, has a strong unpleasant smell. There is no constant difference -between-this and the following form, but the var. hirtum is usually more densely hispid, and its carpels are more awned and scarcely exceed the calyx. Var. 1. hirtum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 503 (sp.) ; stem copiously hispid, pubescence brownish, leaves subscabrid above, stipules linear-subulate, carpels about 20, acute, hairy, about the length of the calyx —Abutilon hirtam, W.& A. Prodr.i. 56; Wall. Cat. 1856; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.i. pt. 2,145. Sida hirta, Lam. Dict.i.7; DO. Prodr.i. 470; Wall. Cat. 1858 G ; Cav. Diss. t.129. 8. pilosa, L’ Her. Stirp. 130. 6. A. muticum, G. Don Gen. Syst. i. 502; pubescent and hairy, leaves roundish-cordate, sepals broad cuspidate, earpels about 20 reniform awnless downy shorter than the calyx. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 836. A. tomentosuin, W. & A. Prodr. i. 56; Thwaites Enum. 27; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 18. A. glaucum, Don Gen. Syst. i. 504; Mast. in Oliv, Fl. Trop. Afr. i.-185. Sida glauca, Cav. Jc. 1, 8, t. 11. 8, hirta, Wall. Cat. 1852 B partly. §. vil- losa, Wall. Cat. 1856 C. S. asiatica, Wall. Cat..1852 D. S. mutica, Delzle Flor, Egypt. 60, n. 45. S. tomentosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 50; Fl. Ind. iii. 178 ; Wall, Cat, 1852 A, C, D, E. Norra-West provinces, and Western Pentnsuua, Stocks, Edgeworth, &c. CEYLon, Tangalle, Thwaites.—Disrais. Affghanistan, Trop. Africa, Egypt. Annual or suffrutescent. Leaves tomentose on both surfaces, toothed ; petioles 2 in. ; ‘stipules lanceolate, reflexed. Peduncles as long as the petiole, stout, jointed near the flower, usually arranged in axillary nearly leafless clusters. lowers large, orange. Calyx very tomentose, divided halfway down. Petals obliquely triangular, often lobed. Fruit globose, depressed at the summit. Seeds 3, scabrous. _ 7. &. Avicenna, Gerin. Carp. ii. 251; leaves orbicular-cordate with a long point, peduncle shorter than the petiole, sepals free nearly to the base, carpellary awns ultimately widely spreading. Bovss, #1. Orient. 1. 836. Sida Abutilon, Z. ; DC. Prodr. i. 470 ; Roxb. #1. Ind. iii. 178. Norrs- West Inp1s, Sinpu, Kasumir, and Beneau.—Dusruis. N. Asia and westward to 8. Europe, and also in N. America. \ y Annual, herbaceous, softly tomentose. Leaves 3-4 in.; petiole 3 in. Peduncles 1 in., solitary, axillary. Sepals ovate, acute. Petals yellow, hardly exceeding the sepals. Staminal-tube very warts Carpeis 15-20, much exceeding the sepals, oblong, trun-— ie hispidulous or pubescent, with 2 long horizontal spreading ciliolate awns. Seeds pilose. : 8 A. crispum, G. Don Syst. i. 502; pubescent and hairy, leave cordate roundish acuminate-crenate upper petioled or nearly sessile, fruit 328 XXVI. MALVACEEZ. (Maxwell T. Masters.) [Abutilon, globose bent downwards when ripe, carpels 12 or more wrinkled mem- branous awnless. Wight Ic. t.68; W.d& A. Prodr. i. 56; Thwaites Enum. 401. Sida crispa Z.; DC. Prodr.i. 469; Rowb, Fl. Ind. iii. 177; Wall. Cat. 1857 OC, D, E, F. 8. indica, Cav. Diss, 33, tab. 7, f. 10% and of Herb. Heyne. §. montana, Roxb. Ic. ined. Western Pentnsuta; Nilghirrhis Mts., the Dekkan, and Coromandel.—Drsrarrg. Tropical and subtropical America. A weak ditfuse annual. Leaves 2-3 by 14 in.; stipules filiform. Peduncles as long -as the petivle, geniculate above the middle. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx tubular below, divided beyond the middle into lanceolate sepals. Carpels obtuse, nearly gla- brous, 2-3-seeded. Seeds pilose. . ** Carpels not exceeding 10. 9. A. ramosum, Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. 68; leaves ovate-cordate acuminate, peduncles shorter than the petioles, sepals free for half their length, ripe carpels about 10 much exceeding the sepals, hispid, awns spread- ing. Mast. in Oliv. Fl. Trop, Afr. i. 186. te ve 6. EH. obtusifolium, ~Zhwaites Enum. 54; leaves 2-33 by.17-12} in. obovate-obtuse or broadly oblong tip rounded or obtusely pointed rather shining on both surfaces nerves rather oblique elevated, pedicels short stout. : oe ; Cryuon; Central Provinces, alt. 2-4000 ft., Thwaites. i I follow Thwaites in retaining this as a distinct species, though I can scarcely-doubt ‘its being a broad-leaved state of Z. lanceolatum, its nerves are less oblique however. It occurs under the two forme of long stamens and short style and vice versa. Fruit in Thwaites’s‘drawing 4 in. log, linear-oblong, straight, red. Thwaites: refers to this the 8. lanceolata, var. obtusifolia of Wight, which is, however, clearly a very trifling variety of S.lanceolatum.. : th ne ae gt DOUBTFUL SPECIES. i ; a) E. stperoxyiowes, Lams. This is a Mauritian species, mentioned. by Roxburgh (ii. 449) as having been sent from Ceylon to the Botanic Garden of Calcutta by General Macdowall, and as’being also a native of Coromandel. As. no description is given £ cannot say to which of the above Roxburgh’s Coromandel species it should be referred, 416 XXIX. LINEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [Jaonanthes. 7, ZHONANTHES, Jack. (Ixionanthes, Aue.) , Glabrous trees, turning black in drying. eaves alternate, entire or cre-, nate-serrate, nerves reticulate; stipules minute or 0. lowers small, in axillary cymose dichotomous peduncled panicles. Sepals 5-6, shortly connate at the base. Petals 5-6, perigynous, contorted, persistent, hardened round the fruit. , Stamens 10-20, inserted on the outside of a perigynous annular or ;cupular eglandular disk. Ovary free, 5-6-celled, cells sometimes 2-locellate ; style simple, stigma capitate lobed ; gvules two in each cell: Capsule coriaceous or woody, oblong or conic, septicidal, carpels opening inward. Seeds (according to Griffith) winged or crowned with a mitri- form aril, albumen fleshy ; embryo lateral, cotyledons foliaceous, radicle roe Species 6-8, all tropical Asiatic, and chiefly Ma- ayan. 1. I. icosandra, Jack Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 154; leaves obovate or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowed into a very short petiole, stamens 10-20, capsule 2 by 4 in. very narrow ovoid. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 494, I. dodecandra, Griff. Plant. Cantor. 12, Gordonia? peduncularis, Wall. Cat. 4409. Hypericinea dentata, Wall. Cat, 4832. Pierotia lucida, Blume Mus. Bot. 1. 180. Brewstera crenata, Roem. Synops, i. ‘141, Macharisia icosandra, Planch, mss.—Grif.. Notul, iv. 498 ; Jc. Pl. Asiat, t. 589, f. 2. Penance, Wallich; Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay; Sixcarore, Lobb, — Distr. Sumatra. A small tree. Leaves 3-7 by 14-2 in., very variable, always narrowed into the petiole, which varies from 7,—4 in., brown when dry, shining on both surfaces, margins thickened, nerves very slender almost horizontal, tip obtuse rounded or emarginate: Peduncles' slender, straight, often exceeding the leaves. Flowers about 3 in. long. —Without authentic specimens the identity of this with Jack’s plant cannot be veri- fied. Though it differs from his description in the usually small leaves, and in the often fewer stamens, I have followed my predecessors in referring it to his J. icosandra. Jack describes the flowers as 5-6-merous. The pedicels appear to elongate very much as the bud advances, and up to the ripening of the fruit. There are perhaps two varieties, one with peduncles shorter than the leaves, and longer pedicels. 2, I. cuneata, Mig, Fl. Ind, Bat. Suppl. i. 484; leaves oblong-spathu- late or obovate-oblong obtuse quite entire or crenate narrowed into a very short petiole, cymes peduncled, stamens about 10, capsule turgid 3-2 by 2 in. broadly ovoid. Matacca, Maingay.—Disrris. Sumatra. I retain this species with great doubt, the foliage and flowers appear to be identical with those of J. icosandra, but the capsule is very much broader for its length. I have seen two Sumatran specimens thus named by Miquel himself, of which one alone has these broad capsules ; the other appears to be in this as in every other respect, identical with: I.:icosandra, Miquél does not describe the capsule, and I hence do not know which he meant to be J. cuneata. _ 3, 2. khasiana, Hook. /. ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate quite entire narrowed into a slender petiole, nerves very oblique, peduncles slender shorter than the leaves, cymes dense-flowered.. “Hypericinea pedun- culosa, Wall. Cat. 4826. Kuasra Mrs., F' de Silva. ‘ Similar in habit to J. icosandra, but the leaves are of a totally different shape, much more membranous, and the flowers are twice as large. Leaves 3-44 in., membranoue; Ironanthes. | KXIX. LINEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 417 nerves numerous, oblique ; petiole 4-3 in. Peduncles shorter than the leaves. Flowers jin. diam. Stamens 10. 4, 2. obovata, Hook, f, ; leaves broadly obovate rounded at the apex sinuate-crenate narrowed into a slender petiole nerves nearly horizontal, stamens 12 or more, capsule (unripe) 3 by 4 in, narrow ovoid, Eastern Peninsuta; Sincapore, Lobb, A very distinct species, easily recognised by the broad flat obovate leaves, 2-4 by 14-24 in., with nearly horizontal nerves, the tip is rounded and often emarginate, and the margins have long very shallow crenatures. Peduncles very slender, equalling or ae the leaves; cymes rather crowded. Flowers about the size of those of J. wosandra. 5. I. reticulata, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. No. 7, 51; leaves elliptic-oblong obtuse quite entire scarcely narrowed into the slender petiole nerves arching much reticulated on both surfaces, peduncles very stout, stamens 10, cap- sule 1-13 by % in. ovoid, valves grooved at the back. Griffith Plant. Cantor 11. Hypericinea macrocarpa, Wall, Cat. 4833. Gordonia decandra, Roxb. Fl, Ind. ii. 573; Wall. Cat, 4408. Easrern Pentnsuta; Maracca, Maingay; Sincarors, Wallich.—Disrrie. Sumatra. Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in.; petiole 1 in., very slender. Pedwneles shorter than or equalling the leaves. Sepals in fruit Jin. long, very thick—Wallich’s specimens have a-shorter, more turgid capsule than Maingay’s, and more shining leaves, with a de- cidedly recurved margin. ‘This accords best with Jack’s description of J. reticulata, though, as with I. icosandra, its identity cannot be satisfactorily ascertained. It differs in the leaves not having very thickened margins, and not being glaucous beneath. It approaches the I. chinensis, but the fruit is very much larger, and may be identified with a Borncan species, of which, however, I have seen no fruit. Orver XXX. MALPIGHIACEZS. (By J. D. Hooker.) Trees or shrubs, often climbing. eaves (in the Indian genera) opposite, quite entire; stipules small or 0. Znflorescence axillary or terminal ; pedicels articulate, ately 2-bracteolate. Flowers middling sized or small, white or yellow, more rarely red yellow or blue, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular. Calyx usually 5-partite ; segments imbricate or valvate, | or more (never all) furnished with a large gland, rarely eglandular (Aspidopterys). Petuls 5, clawed or not, often fimbriate, imbricate. Disk obscure. Stamens 10, hypogynous ‘or subperigynous, equal or 1 or more much larger than the others, filaments free or connate below, anthers 2-lobed. _ Ovary 3-celled'; styles 1-3, straight or circinate, stigmas capitate or punctiform or lateral ; ovules solitary in each cell, micropyle superior, raphe ventral. Frust (in the Asiatic genera) of one or more winged samaras, Seed exalbuminous ; embryo straight or curved, radicle superior.—Distrre. A very large American Order, scantily represented in Africa and still more so in Asia; genera about 50, species about 600. Styles 1 rarely 2. Calycine glands minuteor0 . «©. ee eee te es 1, TRIsTELLATEIA. _ Calycine gland 1, large, adnate to the pedicel . . >. . . » 2. Hiprace. Styles 3, Calycine glandsO 1 ee ee ee te eet 3. ASPIDOPTERYS. VOL. L EE 418 XXX. MALPIGHIACER. (J.D. Hooker.) — [Tristellateta, l. TRISTELLATETDA, Thouars. Woody-climbers. Leaves opposite or whorled ; petiole 1-2-glandular at the top; stipules minute. Fluwers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes, Caly« 5-partite, eglandular, or with minute glands, Petals 5-clawed, Stamens 10, all perfect ; filaments rigid, truncate and articulate at the top ; anthers acute. Ovary 3-lobed ; styles 1-3, slender, one or more reduced to small papilla. Ripe carpels 3, each with about 3 or more wings, the whole forming a stellate fruit. Sd obovoid, testa membranous ; cotyledons fleshy, hooked.—Distrrp, About 8 species, natives of tropical Africa, Asia, and Australasia. 1. ©. australasica, A. Rich. Sert. Astrol. 38, t. 15; Benth. Flor. Austral. i. 286. Platynema laurifolium, W. & A. in Edin. New Phil. Journ. 1833, 179; Prodr, 107. Eastern ArcuireLaao; Sincapore, Herb. Wight, &c.—Distris. Hastwards to New Treland. Glabrous. Leaves 2—4 in., ovate or elliptic, acute, membranous, quite entire; petiole 1- or eglandular. Racemes terminal, 4-6 in. lowers 1 in. diam. ; pedicels opposite, minutely 2-bracteolate below the middle. Petals ovate-cordate, claw slender. Fruit 3 in. diam.; carpel-wings coriaceous, spreading and recurved, linear-oblong, vertically compressed.—Wight’s specimens, stated in the Prodromus to be from Ceylon, were from Sincapore. 2, HIPTAGE, Gertner. Climbing or suberect shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, coriaceous, eglandular, or with a row of remote intramarginal glands beneath ; stipules 0. Racemes terminal or axillary, simple or compound ; peduncles erect, bracteate, articulate with the 2-bracteolate pedicels. lowers white, fra- grant, the 5th petal discoloured. Calyx 5-partite; glands large, adnate to the pedicel. Petals 5, clawed, unequal, silky. Stamens 10, declinate, all fertile, one much the largest, filaments connate at the base. Ovary 3-lobed, lobes appendiculate ; styles 1-2 circinate, the others rudimentary, stigmas lor 2. Fruit of 1-3, 2-3-winged samaras, Seed subglobose; cotyledons thick, unequal.—Disrris. Four species, all tropical Asiatic. 1, H. Madablota, Gwrin. Fruct, ii. 169, t. 116; branches stout, leaves 4-6 in. oblong or ovate-lanceolate acuminate or cordate-acuminate, racemes with densely appressed pubescence, flowers 3-1 in. diam., carpels with a central wing between the 2 lateral. DC. Prodr. i. 583; W. & A. Prodr. 107; Wall, Cat. 1063; Wight Ill. t. 50. Molina racemosa, Lamk. Dict. iv. 297; Cav, Diss, ix. t, 263. Gzertnera racemosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. t. 18; Fl. Ind. ii, 368, Banisteria bengalensis, Zinn. B. unicapsularis, Lamk. B. tetraptera, Sonnerat Voy. ii. t. 135.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vi. t. 59. Throughout the hotter parts of India, from Jamu and Sinpa to Brrma, Mavacca and Ceyton.—Distris, China, Java. , : A tall climber, glabrous except the young parts and inflorescence, which are hoary or appressed-tomentose. Leaves 3-6 in., coriaceous, petioled, shining above. Racemes 1-6 in., axillary, usually forming a leafy panicle. Flower 4-2 in. diam., fragrant, white, Sepals obtuse. Petals twice as long, fimbriate, 5th petal yellow at the base. Wings of carpels oblong, coriaceous, inner 1-2 in. linear-oblong, outer narrower shorter spreading. —@, obtusifolia, DC., a native of China and Birma, differs chiefly in its eiualler size. Hiptage.] XXX. MALPIGHIACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 419 2, H. parvifolia, W.¢& A. Prodr. 107, excl. syn. ; branches and shoots, elongate twiggy, leaves about 3 in. elliptic acute or acuminate glabrous, racemes with appressed pubescence, flowers 4 in. diam., carpels oa without the additional wing. Geertnera laurifolia, Herb. Madr. ex Wal Cat. 7265. Wustern Peninsuna; Mysore, Rottler; Courtallum, Wight; Cnyton, hot and dry parts of the Island, Gardner, &c. Smaller in all its parts than 4. Madablota, and with usually two styles; the pubes- cence of the inflorescence is appressed, in which respects it differs from H. sericea. ' 3, H. sericea, Hook. f. ; branchlets short slender, leaves about 2-3 in. elliptic or ovate acuminate glabrous, racemes short laxly soft tomentose or villous, flowers 3-3 in. diam., carpels with an intermediate ridge. H. parvi- flora, Wight. Cat. 358. Clerodendon sericeum, Wail. Cat. 1824. Eastern Peninsuta; Penana, Wallich; Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay. Branches and inflorescence clothed with soft brown villous pubescence. Leaves always small. Hacemes axillary and terminal, short, dense-flowered ; pedicel much thickened from beneath the flower downwards —The habitat of Ceylon given by Wight and Arnott is, no doubt, an error, originating with that respecting Tristellateia australasica. 4, H. acuminata, Wail. Cat. 1065; branches stout woody scabrid, leaves 3-4 in. lanceolate acuminate glabrous, racemes short dense clothed with thick brown tomentum, flowers 3 in. diam., fruit unknown. Kuasia Mrs, at Churra, alt..4000 ft., Gomez, &c. A bushy dense shrub. eaves coriaceous, usually caudate-acuminate; nerves very oblique, few, arched, reticulate on both surfaces; petiole short, stout. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, sometimes corymbose.—A chain of very fine reticulate nerves borders the leaf beneath, in which are often (not always) remote deeply impressed. points or glands. 5. H. candicans, Hook. f. ; branchlets slender and with the leaves beneath clothed with soft fine white cottony pubescence, leaves on young shoots 1-2 in. oblong or orbicular on old 4-5 in. elliptic-oblong, carpels with no intermediate ridge or wing. Flacourtiacea, Wal. Cat. 9020. . Birma ; banks below Yenangheum, Waillich; sandy woods in the Kivakdwong, above Bamo, Griffith. ’ Avery distinct species, apparently scandent or sarmentose; the shoots with small rounded leaves resemble the pinnate leaves of a Leguminous climber, The leaves are of a very pale colour, rather shining on tue upper surface, and all obtuse or apiculate ; the nerves are ‘indistinct, There are no flowers, and only imperfect fruits, which are pubescent, EXCLUDED SPECIES. Hiprace, Wall. Cat. 9029, from Herb. Heyne, is Terminalia paniculata. 3. ASPIDOPTERYS, A. Juss. Shrubs, usually climbing. Zeaves opposite, eglandular, quite entire; stipules 0. Flowers in simple or compound axillary and terminal panicles ; eduncles bracteate, jointed at the top, pedicels often minutely 2-bracteo- ate. Flowers small, yellow or white. Calyx short, 5-partite, eglandular. Petals 5, not clawed, spreading or reflexed, quite entire. Stamens 10, all perfect, filaments connate or distinct at the base. Ovary 3-lobed, lobes flattened at the back, sides winged; styles 3, glabrous, stigmas capitate. Fruit of 1-3 samaras; nucleus sometimes crested or winged at vie fae , and : EE * 40 XXX, MALPIGHTACER. (J.D. Hooker.) [Aspidopterys: surrounded with a broad oblong or orbicular wing. Seeds oblong, subterete ; elubryo straight, cotyledons equal, radicle short.—DistRip, Species about 15; all tropical Asiatic. * Leaves glabrous beneath, or nearly so. 1. A. Roxburghiana, A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. tii. 511; shoots usually glabrous, inflorescence rusty-tomentose, leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate acuminate, midrib beneath glabrous or pubescent, ovary: hairy, samara linear-oblong, nucleus not dorsally winged or keeled. Hira indica, Roxb, Hort. Beng. 90; Fl. Ind. ii. 448 ; Cor. Pl. ii. 160; Wall. Pl. As. Rar.i. 13. Aspidopteris oxyphylla, A. Juss. Le. 510. Hirzea oxy- phylla, Wall. Cat. 7264 (a more slender form). Sikkim Hivanaya, Misamrand Kuasta,Mrs., alt. 1-5000 ft., Brrma, Saluen river, Wallich ; Wustern Penixsuna, Carnatic, Orissa, and Concan. A slender climber. eaves 3-4 in., variable in breadth, acute or rounded at the base, undersurface when very young slightly pubescent, when old quite glabrous or the centre only; petiole 4-4 in., glabrous or pubescent. Panicles effuse, rusty- tomentose. Flowers }in. diam. Fruit variable, much narrower in the Peninsular than in the Bengal specimens.—I have given the Bombay habitat on the authority of the Bombay Flora. Var. 1. Samara 2 by 4 in. sides nearly parallel Western Peninsula. ‘ Var. 2. Samara 14-2 by 3-1 in. more elliptic-oblong often narrowed either above ov below. A. glabriuscula, A. Juss. lc, 511; Hirea glabriuscula, Wall. Cat. p. 260, 6626—Khasia Mts., Sikkim. Var. 3. Leaves more rounded, samara 14 by 4-3 in—Assam. Jussieu describes the ovary of Var. 2 as glabrous, but it is clothed with deciduous eae as in all the vars, Wallich’s Assam specimen under this name is referable to . nutans. : 2. A. concava, A, Juss. in Archiv, Mus. Hist. Nat. iii. 509; shoots glabrous, leaves ovate obtuse or obtusely-acuminate quite glabrous, buds rusty-tomentose, samaras orbicular very membranous transparent very concave, nucleus winged in the concavity. Hirza concava, Wall, Pl. As. Rar. i. 13; Cat. 1061. .H. Merguensis, Waght Ji. i. 139. Breas, at Martaban, Wallich; Tenasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. J have seen only imperfect specimens, Wallich’s are in young bud only; Griffith's in old fruit. Leaves 3-4 in.; petiole quite glabrous. Fruit on very long capillary pedicels, 1-13 in. diam., beautilully hyaline with radiating veins.—I do not observe the plication of the leaves described by Jussieu, who suspected that this was Blume’s elliptica ; but that is described as having much larger samaras, with a dorsal crest 6-7 lines long. 3. A. canarensis, Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ, Bot. iii. 37; glabrous almost throughout, shvots stout woody, leaves ovate or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely acuminate, inflorescence reduced to axillary fascicles, ovary glabrate, samara suborbicular very membranous, nucleus with a dorsal wing. A. glomerata, Wight Jc. t. 1986. Western Peninsula; Canara, Dalzell; Matapar and Mysorn, Wight. Branchlets flexuous, hard, with furrowed bark. Leaves 3-4 in., sometimes elliptic- obovate, base acute or rounded, rather coriaceous, pale; petiole 4 in. Pedicels slender, 4 in., glabrous, bracteolate towards the base, crowded on very short, simple or divided, pubescent axillary pedurcles that are clothed with minute bracts. Flowers } in. diam Samaras 1}-14in.diam., margin even or lobed towards the apex.—A very re- markable and distinct species; = Aspidopterys.| XXX. MALPYGHIACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 421 ** Leaves hairy tomentose or pubescent beneath. 4, A. hirsuta, A. Juss, in Archiv. Mus. Nat, Hist, iii. 512, t. 17 ; clothed with long spreading flaccid hairs, leaves ,broadly obovate or oblong or orbicular-obovate abruptly acuminate cordate at the very base, ovary glabrous, samaras linear-oblong, nucleus without dorsal crest or wing. Hirea hirsuta, Wall. Pl. As. Rur. i, 13, t. 13; Cat. 1059. Brea, on the Taong dong and the Prome Mts., Wallich. Shoots very slender. Leaves 4—7 in., clothed on both surfaces with long soft hairs, membranons ; petiole } in. Inflorescence an open lax panicle, with regular opposite spreading branches; bracts at the base of the branches 4-2 in., lanceolate ; branches with many opposite bracteoles above the middle. lowers 4 in. diam., subumbullate, glabrous, white. Samaras 14-2 by 4-3 in., sides almost parallel. 5, A. cordata, A. Juss. in Archiv. Mus, Nat. Hist. iii. 513; shoots inflorescence and leaves beneath clothed with white appressed toumentum, leaves orbicular-cordate with a broad acumen, panicle effuse, ovary villous, samaras orbicular or nearly so, nucleus not winged or keeled. Hirea cur- data, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 1060; Wall, Pl. 4s. Rar. i. 13. H. nutans, Wall. Cat. 1058, 2. Western Peninsuta; Concan, Canara, and Mysore. A slender climber. Zeaves 5-8 in. diam., the younger ovate-cordate, all rather abruptly terminated by a broad acuminate tip, opaque, and sometimes pubescent above ; etiole 1-14 in. Inflorescence a lax pendulous panicle, sometimes rusty ; bracts at the ranches filiform or 0, pedicels very variable. Flowers 4 in. diam. Samaras pale, 1-1} in. diam., sometimes slightly oblong. 6. A. nutans, Hook f. (not of A. Juss.) ; young shoots and inflorescence tomentose, leaves ovate. elliptic or orbicular with a broad based acumen base not cordate silkily pubescent beneath, panicle effuse, ovary villous, samaras oblong or suborbiculir, nucleus not or rarely ridged or with a small wing at the base. A. Roxburghiana, 4. Juss. a part. A. lann- ginosa, A. Juss, Lc. 512. Hiraa nutans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 447 (not of Wallich). H. indica, Wall. Cat. 1057 in part. H. lanuginosa, Wall. Cat. 1058. in part (a very villous-leaved form, from Nepal). Nipat, Wallich; Srxxot Hiwavaya, alt. 2000 ft., J.D. H.; Eastern Bryeat, Assam, and Crirracone, Roxburgh, &c.; Birma, at Bhamo, T. Anderson. 7 Very similar to A. cordata, but usually less tomentose, leaves even larger, attaining 10 in. diam., with often rusty tomentum on the nerves and rather thin long hairs be- tween them; upper surface reticulate and rather shining ; petiole of the larger leaves Qin. Samaras 1} by 1in., usually oblong, sometimes almost orbicular.—Wallich says, under his H. indica (Cat. 1057), “ An plus una species sub hac coufusa ; and so it is, from wanting fruit of any of his specimens ; five sheets thus named appertain to this species, ; Oe rotundifolia; leaves more villous beneath, samara with a small dorsal wing or crest, A: rotundifolia, A. Juss. lc. 514; Roxb. Ft. Ind. ii. 448. Hireea orbiculata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 90; Wall. Pt. As. Rar. ii, 18.—Chittagong, Roxburgh. 7, A. Wallichii, Hook. f. ; shoots slender, inflorescence and leaves be- neath densely clothed with appressed more or less silky white tomentum, leaves ovate acute or acuminate base subcordate, panicle graceful effuse pen- dulous, ovary densely hispid with long white deciduous hairs, samaras orbicular-oblong, nucleus without crest or wing. A. nutans, A, Juss, lc. 513, Hirsea nutans, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 13; Cat, 1056, 1, not of Roxburgh, _H, lanuginosa, Wall. Lc. ; Cat, 1058 in part. 429 XXX. MALPIGHIACEH. (J.D. Hooker.) [Aspidopterys. Western Tropical Himalaya; GarwHaL and Kumaon, ascending to 4500 ft., Govan, &c. A tall climber; branches white. Leaves 4-7 in., base rounded, undersurface usually snow-white and silky, upper glabrous; petiole rarely 4 in. Panicle sometimes a foot long, white, lax, very graceful Flowers § in. diam. ; pedicels rather stout, bracteoles most minute. Samaras 14-14 by 1-1} in., variable in shape, sometimes narrowed at one end or emarginate—lIt is not clear to what plant Wallich meant the name lanuginosa to apply ; he has in his Herbarium two under that name, and both num- ered 1058; of these, one from Govan, gathered, no doubt, in Kumaon, is identical with his own (not Roxburgh’s) Hircea nutans; the other, from Nipal, has a rusty to- mentose panicle, and is probably the true nutans of Roxburgh ; indeed he tickets it in mss. “ prox nutanti, Roxb.” As Wallich’s and Jussieu’s lanuginosa is certainly not the very local and beautiful species here described, I have dedicated the latter to Dr. Wallich. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. Imperfect specimen in young fruit of a plant from Poneshee in Birma, collected by Dr. J. Anderson. Leaves orbicular, coriaceous, densely rusty tomentose beneath. Unripe samaras oblong, with a dorsally winged nucleus.—Perhaps A. tomentosa, Juss., Java. A Tenasserim or Andaman Island plant of Helfer, with orbicular leaves slightly cor- date at the base, glabrous on botli surfaces, except the costa beneath, which with the short petioles shoots and inflorescence are clothed with dense rusty tomentum. Samaras mem- branous, ovbicular, not concave, retuse at the top, nucleus with a prominent dorsal wing. —Perhaps a form of A. concava, Juss. Hirwza Fintaysonrana, Wall. Cat. 7263, is a species of Nelitris. Orpen XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLEZ. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.L.S., and J. D. Hooker.) Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, branches usually articulate. Leaves opposite or alternate by suppression, stipulate, 2-3-foliolate or pinnate; leaflets entire, not punctate ; stipules twin, persistent, sometimes spiny. Peduncles usually 1-2 in the axils of the stipules, ebracteate rarely 2-bracteate. Flowers her- maphrodite, regular or irregular, white, red or yellow, very rarely blue. Sepals 5, rarely 4, free or rarely connate at the base, imbricate, rarely val- vate. Petals 5-4, very rarely 0, hypogynous, tree, imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate. Dosk convex or depressed, rarely annular or 0, without glands. Stamens equal to or double or rarely three times as many as the petals, ..... inserted at the base of the disk, often alternately longer, those opposite to the petals often connate at the base to the petals, filaments usually with a scale at the base or middle; anthers versatile, opening longitudinally. Ovary sessile or rarely stipitate on a short gynophore, furrowed angled or winged, 4-5- (rarely 2-12-) celled, cells very rarely with partial transverse septa, narrowing into a terminal angled or furrowed style ; stigma simple, rarely discoid or stigmas 5; ovules 2 or more, rarely 1, usually filiform, pendulous or ascending, raphe ventral with a superior micropyle. rw never berried, coriaceous or crustaceous, either of 2-10 free or united often spiny cocci, or capsular and septicidally dehiscent. Seeds usually pendulous, solitary, rarely twin or more, oblong or linear, the raphe adnate or free ; testa membranous crustaceous or thick and mucous; albumen scanty rarely 0; embryo the length of the seed, green, straight or rarely curved, cotyledons oblong or linear thick or foliaceous, radicle very short, straight, superior.— XXXI, ZYGOPHYLLEEZ. (Edgeworth & Hooker.) 423 Distris, Genera, about 17, with 100 species, chiefly tropical and sub- tropical. * Seeds exalbuminous, Petals entire. Stamens 10. Fruit of usually spiny cocci. Leaves abruptly pinnate 1, Trisutus, ** Seeds albuminous, Petals 0. Stamens 5. Leaves 3-foliolate . . . . . . . . 2. SEETZENTA, Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovules axile, superposed. Leaves 1-2-foliolate . . 3. ZyYGoPHYLLUM. Petals 5, Stamens 10. Ovules basal, collateral. Leaves 1-3- foliolate . ee . s 4 4, Fagonra. (See Peeanum in Rutacece.) 1. TRIBULUS, Linn. Branching prostrate herbs, usually silky. Leaves stipulate, opposite, usually unequal, abruptly pinnate. lowers solitary, on pseudo-axillary peduncles, white or yellow. Sepals 5, deciduous (or persistent) imbricate. Petals 5, fugacious, patent, imbricate, Dzsk annular, 10-lobed ; stamens 10, inserted. on the base of the disk, 5 longer opposite to the petals, 5 shorter with a little gland outside; filaments filiform, naked. Ovary sessile, hirsute, 5-12-lobed, 5-12-celled, cells opposite the petals ; style short, pyramidal or filiform, stigmas 5-12; ovules superposed. rust 5-angled, of 5-12 winged or spinous or tuberculate indehiscent cocci. Seeds obliquely pendulous, testa membranous; embryo without albumen, cotyledons ovate, radicle short.—Distriz. A cosmopolitan genus of about 15 species. 1. ZB. cistoides, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 703; perennial, flowers 1-2 in. diam., peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, cocci 2-4-horned. Beneat, near Calcutta, Edgeworth; Wusrern Peninsuta, Madras, Shuter, &c. ; Nilghiri Mts., Foulkes; Tenasserim at Mergui, Wallich.—Disrmis. Throughout the Tropics. ‘ootstock stout; branches 1-2 ft., procumbent or ascending, and leaves usually more silky than in the following. Leaflets often 7-8 pairs, subequal ; stipules falcate, acumi- nate, Sepals }-} in., acuminate, silky. Petals obovate. Stigmatic lobes shorter than the diameter of the style. Cocci tubercled and hairy, with usually 2 spines. Seeds separated by transverse septa —Regarded as a large flowered form of T. terrestris by Oliver (Fl. Trop. Afr. i. 284). 2, ©. terrestris, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i, 703; annual or biennial, flowers 4-4 in, diam., peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci with 2 long and 2 short spines. Dalz, & Gibs. Fl, Bomb. 45, T. lanuginosus, Linn. ; DC. Le, ¢ W. & A. Prodr, 145; Wall. Cat. 6854; Wight Ic. t. 98; Ill. i. 164; Boiss. 1. Orient. i, 902.— Burm. Fl. Zeyl. 265, t. 106, f. 1. Throughout Inpta, ascending to 11,000 ft. in Wesrsrn Trser; northern part of Crviox.—Disrriz. Throughout the warm regions of the globe. ; Prostrate, hirsute or silky hairy; branches 1-2 ft. Leaflets 5-7 pairs, subequal, mu- cronate, Petals often not exceeding the calyx. _Cocci very variable, glabrous or hairy, mucronate, much as in T' cisto.des. Stigmatic lobes longer than the diameter of the style. : 3. ©. alatus, Delile; DC. Prodr. i. 703; annual, flowers 4-3 in. diam., peduncles shorter than the leaves, cocci broadly winged.—Bovss. Fl. Orvent. 1. 902. 424. XKXI. ZYGOPHYLLEH. (Edgeworth & Hooker.) [ Tribulus. . Sinva, Stocks, Vicary; Panzaz, at Multan, Edgeworth.—Distuig. Egypt, Arabia, Nubia. F Hispid and villous; branches procumbent or ascending. Leaflets 5 pairs, subacute; stipules ovate, acute. Petals about equalling the sepals. Stamens 5 or 10. Fruit broadly pyramidal, somewhat pointed; cocci hirsute, 2-seeded, the spines confluent futo toothed wings.—Fruit slightly bitter, eaten by the desert nomads in Multan. 2. SEETZENTIA, Br. A small prostrate glaucous herb, woody at the base, glabrous or woolly. Leaves opposite, 3-foliolate; leaflets obovate, apiculate. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers small, Sepals 5, linear-oblong, valvate, incurved at the top. Petals 0. Disk small, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted on the disk, filaments filiform glabrous naked at the base; anthers nearly globose. Ovary oblong-clavate, sessile, pentagonal, truncate, fleshy, 5-celled ; styles 5, short, spreading, stigmas small capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit ovoid, of 5 1-seeded cocci, separating from the persistent axis, with a narrow succulent exocarp on the back only, endocarp crus- taceous, Seeds oval, compressed, testa thick with three skins, the outer membranous, the middle one cellular and mucous, the inner coriaceous, albumen thin; cotyledons thickish. 1. S. orientalis, Dene. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 2, iii. 280, t. 7; Bovss, Fl. Orient. i. 916. Sinpu, Stocks, Vicary—Distrip. Arabia, N. and 8. Africa. Branches long and slender, smooth or papillose. Leaflets fleshy, 4-4 in. long, middle one obovate-cuneate, lateral oblique; stipules triangular. Peduncle $ 4 in., more or less recurved at the tip, longer than the petiole. Fruit ellipsoid, ovoid or subglobose,- 4-} in. long, pendulous. Seeds fusiform, smooth. 3. ZYGOPHYLLUM, Linn. Small shrubs or prostrate herbs. Leaves opposite, 1- or 2-foliolate, fleshy ; stipules 2, often spiny. Peduncles 1- or 2-flowered, among the stipules. Flower white, or yellow with red or purple spots at the base. Calyx 4-5-partite, persistent or deciduous, imbricate. Petals 4-5, clawed, imbri- cate and contorted. Disk fleshy, angled, cup-shaped or concave. Stamens 8-10, inserted on the disk, longer than the petals, filaments filiform with a scale at the base; anthers oblong. Ovary sessile upon the disk, 4-5-cornered, 4-5- (rarely 2-3-) celled, tapering into an angled style, stigma small ; ovules 2-c, superposed, raphe free or adnate. rut capsular, 4-5-cornered or winged, indehiscent or septicidally dehiscent into 5 cocci, or loculicidally 5-valved, the endocarp sometimes separating. Seeds 1 or many in each cell, pendulous, testa crustaceous, albumen scanty; cotyledons oblong.— DistTRrB. ape of 50 species, natives of the Old World, and chiefly Cape and ustralian. 1, Z. simplex, Linn. ; DC. Prodr.i. 705; annual, leaves simple cylin- dric.—Borss, Fl. Orient. i. 912. Sandy deserts; Sinpu, Stocks, vicary; Pansas, at Multan, Hdgeworth.—Disrri, Arabia, tropical Africa. A prostrate’ glabrous slender much branched herb. Leaves small, sessile, fleshy, obtuse ; stipules lanceolate, acute. Peduncle as long as the obovate cucullate sepals. Petals spathulate. Scales 2-partite. Capsule deflexed, turbinate, rough, of 5-com- Zygophyllum.| XXXI. ZYGOPHYLLES. (Edgeworth & Hooker.) 425 pressed 2-3-seeded cocci. Seeds fusiform, smooth.—The seeds are swept up by the nomad tribes of the Multan desert, and eaten under the name of Alathi, 2, Z, coccineum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i, 706; perennial, leaves 2-folio- late. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 915. Rocky ground in Sixpa, Stocks, Vicary—Duistari. Syria, Arabia, Egypt. Stem shrubby below, with erect or ascending hoary at length glabrous branches. Leaves petioled; leaflets terete, grooved or semiterete, minutely powdery ; stipules tri- angular, scarious. Feduncle equalling the petiole. Sepals ovate, cucullate, fleshy, shorter than the spathulate white undulate petals. Scales lanceolate, entire or torn. Capsule erect, grooved, cylindric-ovoid, truncate. Seeds sthall, ovoid, tubercled, acute, compressed.—The flowers open in the middle of the day. 4, FAGONTIA, Linn. Branching woody herbs. Leaves opposite, 1-3-foliolate, entire, mucronate ; stipules usually spiny. Peduncle solitary from between the stipules. Sepals 5, deciduous, imbricate. Petals 5, closed, caducous, imbricate. Disk short, inconspicuous. Stamens 10, inserted on the disk, filaments filiform, naked ; anthers oblong. Ovary sessile, 5-cornered, 5-celled, tapering into a subulate style, stigma simple ; ovules 2, collateral at the base of each cell, pendulous. from ascending funicles. J’ruit 5-cornered, of 5 1-seeded cocci which dehisce along the ventral suture and separate froma horny endocarp. Seeds erect, compressed, broadly oblong, testa mucilaginous, albumen horny ; cotyledons broad, flat,.ovate.—Disrrip. Species variously estimated from 2 or 3 to 30, being very variable and difficult to define. ‘ 1. F. arabica, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 704; glandular, young branches terete striate, spines exceeding the linear leaflets. Boiss. #1. Orvent. i. 907. F. mysorensis, Roth. ; DC. lc.; Wall. Cat. 6853; W. & A. Prodr. 145; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. lor. 45; Wight Til. i. t. 64. F. cretica var, arabica, T. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soc. v. Suppl. i. 12; Oliver Fl. Trop. Afric. i. 287. Throughout Norra Western Inprs, Stnpu, the Pangas, and the southern provinces of the Western Pentnsuta.—Disrris. Westward to Egypt. A small green spiny undershrub, with erect branches, more or less glandular. Leaves 1-8-foliolate; ‘leaflets elliptic or li.ear, acute; petiole often foliaceous. Flowers small, pale rose-coloured. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, half as long as the petals. Capsule pubescent, about as long as the recurved peduncle. Seeds punctulate. 2. FB. Bruguieri, DC. Prodr. i. 704; glandular, young branches subte- tragonous sides grooved, spines exceeding the ovate rather fleshy leaflets. Boiss, Fl. Orient. i, 905. F. Echinella, Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1, vill. 123. F. cretica var. 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. i, 12. Norra-Wesr Inp1a; Peshawur, Herb. Falconer, Stewart ; Chandnist, Hdgeworth.— Distris. Westward to Algeria. : : Similar to F. arabica, and like it referable by many authors to a variety of J’. cretica, Internodes short; branches procumbent. Lower leaves 3-foliolate, the rest 1-foliolate ; leaflets minute.—The form distinguished as Echinella by Boissier, has crowded decus- sate branches, and very short leaves. . EXCLUDED SPECIES. Faconta monrana, Mig. ; see Fi. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 596, is Monetia tetracantha.. 426 XXXII, GERANIACEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) Orper XXXII. GERANIACEZS. (By M. P. Edgeworth, F.LS., and J. D. Hooker.) Herbs, undershrubs, or rarely trees ; glabrous or more usually pubescent and glandular. Leaves opposite or alternate, usually 2-stipulate. Peduncles usually solitary and axillary, 1- or more-flowered, lowers umbelled cymose or racemose, usually showy, hermaphrodite, regular or irregular. Sepals 5, rarely 4 or 2, free or united to the middle, imbricate or rarely val- vate, the posticous sometimes spurred. Petals as many as the sepals or fewer by suppression, of 0, hypogynous or subperigynous, variously imbri- cated, rarely contorted. Z'orus scarcely expanded into a disk with 5 glands alternating with the petals, or without glands, raised in the centre into a beak, rarely flat. Stamens as many as or double or treble the sepals, or fewer by suppression ; filaments filiform or dilated, or connate into a ring ;. anthers 2-celled, cells parallel, opening lengthwise. Ovary 3-5-lobed, 3-5-celled, rarely 2-lobed, of 3-5 carpels united with the axis as far as the insertion of the ovules, sometimes lengthened into a beak-bearing style, or styles which are free or more or less united, stigmas capitate linear or ligulate; ovules 1 or 2 or rarely more, horizontal or pendulous or ascending. /ruit capsular, 3-5-lobed, lobes 1-seeded often separating trom the axis septicidal or locu- licidal rarely berried. Seeds pendulous or horizontal, albumen 0 or scanty or fleshy; embryo straight or curved, cotyledons flat convex or variously folded foliaceous or thick or fleshy, radicle either short and_near the hilum or longer and inflected or incumbent on the cotyledons.— Distris. Genera 20, with about 800 species, chiefly found in temperate climates. Besides the genera described below, Pelargonium (the garden so called Geranium) is cultivated throughout India, and one species of Natal (P. grossularioides, DC; Erodium nilagiricum, Schlecht. Pl Ind. Or. exsicc. 1560), is naturalized in the Nil- ghiris. The genus is distinguished by the posticous sepal being produced into a spur which is adnate to the pedicel and by some of the filaments being antherless. TRIBE 1. Geraniew. Leaves simple or compound. lowers regular or nearly so. Sepals imbricate. Glands alternate with the petals, Antheri Jerous stamens as many or double or treble the number of petals. Carpels indehiscent ; not beaked. Ovules solitary. Stamens 10, all perfect soe ee ew we ee ee) OL. Brepersremia. Carpels beaked, dehiscent. Ovules geminate. Perfect stamens 15, pentadelphons . . . . . - « . « 2 Monsonta. Perfect stamens 10, rarely fewer . . . . . . ~. « . . 8, Guranrum. Perfect stamens 5, staminodes5 . . . . . . . . . « 4 Eropium. TRIBE 2. Oxalidess. Leaves compound. Flowers regular. Sepals imbri- cate. Glands 0. Stigmas capitate. Ovules 2 or more. * Herbs. Fruit capsular. Stamens 10. Capsule loculicidal, valves cohering with the axis. Leaves 3-w-foliate . . 2. 2 2 1 1 ww ee ee 8 OxaziB. Stamens 10. Capsule loculicidal, valves usually separating from the axis to the base. Leaves pinnate . . . . . . . . 6. BiopHyrum. *& Trees or shrubs. Fruit berried. Stamens 10, or 5 and 5 staminodes. Ovules many. Leaves PIONAtE: ers Rae a ae se ae eee Chora ay Be 6.* AVERRHOA. Stamens 10. Ovules in pairs. Leaves 1-8-foliolate . . . . . 7. ConNanopsis, XXXII, GERANIACEE. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 497 Tribe 3. Balsaminexw. Leaves simple. lowers irregular. Sepals benally coloured, the posticous spurred, Stamens 5, very short. Anthers subconnate. Lateral petals connate in pairs. Fruit capsular. . . . . . . 8. Impatiens. Lateral petals free. Drupe fleshy . . . . . . . «. « . . 9 Hyprocura. 1, BIEBERSTEINTIA, Stephan. Perennial glandular herbs. Leaves stipulate, pinnatisect. JJowers regu- lar, racemose or panicled, Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternating with 5 plaids, Stamens 10, all bearing anthers, fila- ments united into a ring at the base. Ovury deeply 5-lubed, 5-celled ; styles distinct, arising from the bases of the lobes, connate into a capitate stigma ; ovules solitary in the cells, pendulous from below the top of the cell. Rupe carpels separating from a persistent 5-lobed axis, indehiscent, crustaceous, wrinkled. Seeds incurved on one side of the fleshy albumen; embryo arched, cotyledons thick.—Distris. Several species, natives of Asia, Siberia, Greece, the Altai Mountains, and Tibet. 1. B. emodi, Jaw. & Spach. Ill. Pl. Or. ii, 109; leaves pinnatisect lobes pinnatifid, stipules adnate laciniate, bracts oblong or obovate lobed, Petals entire. B. odora, Royle Ill, 153, t. 30, not of Stephan. Aptne WesTERN Trpet and Kunawar alt. 14~17,000 ft., Jacquemont, &c. Glandular-pubescent. Rootstocks densely tufted, branched, tuberous, giving off crowns of leaves and shcrt simple flowering stems a few inches high. Leaves linear, with many pairs of small. broad irregularly lobed leaflets; stem leaves small. Flowers racemose, 3 in. diam., yellow; pedicels equalling the calyx, 2-bracteolate. Sepals elliptic-oblong, pubescent. Petals nearly orbicular. Filaments hairy. Styles slender. '—The aspect, and in many respects the structure, of this plant is singularly Rosaceous, and like a Potentilla. \ 2. MONSONTIA, Linn. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Peduncles axillary, bracteate. Flowers solitary or umbelled. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals ‘5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternate with 5 small glands. Stamens 15, all bearing anthers, shortly monadelphous, 5 of them opposite the petals. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; beak ending in the style, bearing 5 linear branches inwardly stigmatose ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Capsule with a very long beak of 5 1-seeced carpels; carpels with 5 elastic tails which are bearded on the inner side, and separate from the beak. Seeds ‘exalbuminous; embryo incumbent on the convolutely folded cotyledons.— Distrrs. South Africa; genera of about a dozen species, besides 4 or 5 North African species and the present. 1, M. senegalensis, Guill. & Perr. Fl. Senegamb. i, 131 ; viscid, leaves ovate or cordate, peduncles rarely 2-flowered, beak of carpels very long setose on the inner face. Boiss. /. Orient. i. 898. M. Lawiana, Stocks in Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. vii. 19. M. Chumbalensis, Wight [c. im teat 4.1074, Erodium Chumbalense, Munro in teat Wight Ic. t. 1074. 4 Gera- nium Lawianum, Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl. Supplemental page. Sinpu, Stocks; Urrer Ganoutio piain near Aara, Munro ; the Dexxay, common in dry pastures, Gibson, &c.—Disrais. Beluchistan, Arabia, and westwards to Sene- gambia and Namaqualand. 428 XXXII, GERANIACEEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [AMonsonia, A diffuse annual herb or undershrub; branches pubescent and glandular. Leaves 2-14 in., long-petioled, obtuse or mucronate, repand-toothed, glabrate above, pilose and pubescent beneath; stipules subulate. Peduncles long, sharply deflexed at the brac- teoles. Sepals obovate, awned, densely pubescent with long hairs. Petals violet or pink, 3-veined, crumpled, scarcely. exceeding the sepals. Filaments ciliate. Carpels Heme stipitate, obliquely truncate with 2-3. wrinkles at the top, roughly hairy; eak 3 in. 2, M. heliotropioides, Cav. ; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 897; annual or perennial, leaves petioled ovate ovate-cordate or rhomboid minutely tvothed, sometimes obscurely lobed hoary above villous beneath, petiole and scape clothed with very long white deciduous hairs, sepals silky or hoary mucronate. M. mallica, Zdgw. in Jour. Linn. Soc. vi. 200. Pansazs ; Moultan, Edgeworth ; beyond the Indus in Waziristan, Stewart ; Sinpu, in the Hill range, Vicary.—Disreis, Westwards to Egypt. A small white annual herb, or with a well-developed woody rootstock. Leaves 4-1 in. long, chiefly radical, very variable in shape, coriaceous, densely silky and villous beneath; petiole longer than the blade. Scapes 2-8 in, erect, slender. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., umbelled. Sepais oblong, at length obovate and enlarged in fruit. Petals obovate-spathulate, not exceeding the sepals. Stamens 15, slightly 5-adelphous at the base. F'rwit 3 in.; carpels narrow, stipitate, hairy, keeled, with two transverse wrinkles at the top.—The Indian specimens are usually but not always annual, and never so large as the Persian and Arabian specimens. The structure of me fruit is identical with that of Hrodium stipaceum, but the stamens are very ifferent. 3. GERANIUM, Linn. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipulate. Peduncles axillary, bracteate, 1-2-flowered, or pedicels umbelled. lowers regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, imbricate, alternating with 5 glands. Stamens 10, usually all anther-bearing, rarely 5 without anthers, free or shortly monodelphous. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, beaked ; styles'5, stigmatose longitudinally, ovules superposed. Capsule 5-lobed, 5-celled, cells 1-seeded, carpels usually dehiscent ventrally, often separating septi- fragally from the axis, their beaks elastically cviling upwards from the base to the apex of the axis. Seeds with scanty albumen or 0; embryo with the cotyledons induplicate or convolute incumbent.—DistTRiB. Species about 100, natives chiefly of cold temperate regions in the Northern Hemisphere ; they are very difficult of discrimination, Sect. 1.—Peduneles axillary and terminal, solitary, 2-flowered. J'lower- buds oblong or ovoid, not pyramidal. Sepals not dilated or subcordate at the base. Carpels, with their beaks separating elastically from the axis, not wrinkled.—Rootstock stout, perennial. * Flowers large, an inch or upwards in diameter. + Petals refleaed. zs 1. G. refractum, Hdgew. & Hook, f.; tall, stout, branched, glandular- hairy, leaves 5-7 partite segments obtuse deeply lobed and cut, stipules large, bracts linear very slender, sepals shortly awned, petals reflected, filaments nearly glabrous, Sixcim Hmavaya; Tungu, alt. 12-13,000 ft., J. D. H. Stems 2-4 feet, erect. Leaves 3 in. diam, shortly pubescent on both surfaces; ‘lower petioles long; stipules 4 in., broadly oblong, ovate or obtuse. Peduncle and re- fracted pedicels long, clothed with spreading hairs. Sepals 4 in., membranous, glan- Geranium.] XxxIt. GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f) 429 ws dular-hairy, margins broad, awn stout. Petals twice as long as the sepals, linear- oblong, obtuse, white, 5-nerved, villous on each side at the base. Filaments gradually narrowed upwards. Ovary tomentose, J'rwit not seen.—A very curious species, allied to the N, American @. Richardsoni. +t Petals spreading. 2, G. pratense, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 641 ; stout, erect, branched, hairs spreading, leaves orbicular 7-9-partite segments acute incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, pedicels glandular-hairy, sepals long-awned, bracts subulate, filaments ciliate. Bodss, Hl. Orient. i. 877. G. himalayense, Klotesch in Reise Prinz, Waldem, 116, t. 122; Walp, Ann. vii. 4865. : Western TEMPERATE Himauaya; Kashmir, Falconer; Kulhara in Garwuat, alt. 10,500 ft., Strach. & Winter.; Prri, alt. 7-8000 ft.. Z. Thomson; Western Tuner ; ee river, alt. 14,000 ft. Strach. & Winter—Disrris. N. Asia, and westwards to urope. | Stem 2-4 ft. high, usually stout, hairs on branches and petioles often reflexed. Leaves 2-3 in. diam., variously cut; stipules usually small. Peduncles and refracted pedicels densely hairy and glandular; bracts small and slender. Flowers 14-2 in. diam., blue-purple. Petals entire or notched, ciliate at the base. Filaments gradually nar- towed upwards. Carpels glandular-hairy. Seeds reticulate. 3. G. rectum, Trautv.; Walp. Ann. vii. 485; very slender, tall, sub- simple, sparingly leafy and hairy, leaves opposite 5-angled 7-lobed to below the middle membranous segments rhomboid acute and acutely incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles, very long and slenderly appressed- pubescent, bracts subulate, sepals long awned, filaments ciliate, Kasumir, Falconer ; in Baltal, Z’ Thomson.—Disrnis. Soongaria. Stem 2 feet, very slender, apparently ribbed, almost glabrous. Leaves 3-4 in. diam., membranous, sparingly pilose on both surfaces, radical petioles very long and slender. Peduncles sometimes 8 in.; pedicels very variable; bracts subulate. Tower 1} in, diam. Sepals membranous, glabrate, narrow-oblong with a stout awn. Petals obovate, retuse, ciliate at the very base. Filaments gradually narrowed upwards. Carpels (not seen in Indian specimens) smooth, appressed-pubescent. Seeds smooth.—Siberian (Alatau Mts.) specimens are described as haviug erect fruiting peduncles and presenting two varieties, one glabrous, the other villous with white hairs. It differs from G. nodosum: in the stems not being swollen at the nodes and in the entire petals. Fal- coner’s is a single rather doubtful specimen, mixed with G. Wallichianum. 4, G. aconitifolium, L’Herit.; DC. Prodr. i. 642; very slender, sparingly pubescent, much branched, leaves deeply 3-9-partite segments acute deeply laciniate or pinnatifid upper sessile, stipules small subulate, pedicels and long-awned sepals usually glandular hairy, filaments ciliate. Wesreen Tiset, Falconer (Kew Distrib. 328).—Disrris. Alps of Switzerland and N. Italy. Besos slender, 1-2 ft., very sparingly hairy. Leaves 2-24 in. diam. ; segments nar- row, acute or obtuse; upper leaves sessile with the radiating lobes giving a peculiar appearance to the plant. Peduncles variable in length, pedicels usually clothed with spreading glandular hairs, but sometimes merely pubescent; bracts subulate, very slender. Flowers smaller than in the other species of this group, 1-1} in. diam. Sepals rather broad. Petals obovate, rounded at the tip, glabrous. ilaments suddenly dilated at the base. Fruit 1 in., nearly glabrous. Seeds smooth, opaque.—A pparently the same as the European species, in which the peduncles and pedicel and calyx ar eglandular, which is rarely ihe case in the Tibetan specimens. : 5. G. collinum, I. Bieb. ; DC. Predr. i. 642 ; stem usually short hoary or glandular pubescent, leaves orbicular 5-7-lubed to below the middle ° 430 XXXII, GERANIACERZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Geranium. segments cuneate obtusely 3-5-lobed, stipules small ovate acute,. pedicels appressed-pubescent or glandular-hairy, sepals shortly awned, filaments ciliate at the base. Botss. Jl. Orient. i. 874, G. multifidum, Don Prodr. 207. G. Donianum, Wall. Cat. 8565; Sweet Geran. sub tab. 338. Western Tizet, ZansKar, Pits, and Kunawer, alt. 12-14,000 ft., Jacqguemont, &c.; Kasumir, Falconer; Nipat, Waillich; Garwuat, 9-11,000 ft., Hdgeworth; inner valleys of Sizxim Himataya, J. D. H —Distris. Affghanistan, Siberia, 8. Russia. In its common Tibetan form this is a short hoary-pubescent or glandular species, with’ many subsimple flowering stems, 6-10 in. high, orbicular (uot angled) leaves, with obtusely cut often slender lobes, slender peduncles and pedicels, and large flowers. —Affghanistan specimens are taller, more slender, and branched. . 6 G. ?palustre, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 642; rather tall, pubescent or hairy, leaves pentagonal palmately 5-lobed lobes rhomboid acute pen- natifidly incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles long glandular- hairy, sepals awned, petals obovate rounded at the tip. Bozss, Fl. Orvent. i. 874. G. grandiflorum, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 42. Kasumir, Falconer; Kumaon, at Mana, alt. 9-11,000 ft, Ldgeworth—Disrain, Siberia, Caucasus, Mid. and N. Europe. - Very similar to large states of G. collinum, but the flowers are larger, nearly 2 in. diam., and leaves pentagonal in outline from their segments being more produced. The identification with G. palustre is doubtful. : 7. G. Wallichianum, Sweet Geran. t. 90; DC. Prodr. i. 641; tall robust, much branched, leaves 6-gonal deeply 3-5-lobed segments rhomboid acuminate incised, stipules very large broadly oblong or almost rounded obtuse, bracts large, pedicels long, sepals long-awned, filaments ciliate at the base. Wight Jc. t. 324; Wall. Cat, 8558; Don Prodr. 208. Temperate Himaraya, alt. 7-11,000 ft., from Nipal, Wadlich, to Marri, Fleming. More or less pilose or villous with spreading or reflexed hairs, which are rarely glan- dular, Leaves 3-4 in. broad, segments acutely cut ; stipules 4-1 in. long, very broad. Bracts usually 4, linear-oblong, 4 in. long, obtuse, acute or acuminate. Flowers 14-2 in. diam. Petals obovate, retuse. Filaments suddenly dilated at the base. Carpels pilose. Seeds smooth.—The very large solitary stipules best distinguish this species. 8. G. Grevilleanum, [Woll. Cat. 8559; Pl. As. Rar. iii. t. 209: robust or slender, hairy and glandular, branched, leaves 5-gonal 5-7-lobed below the middle segments rhomboid acute or acuminate incised, stipules 2-fid or in pairs ovate acuminate, pedicels long slender, sepals lung-awned, filaments villous with long hairs. G. eriostemon, Don Prodr. 208, not of Fischer. 1G. Lamberti, Sweet Geran. t. 338 G. Backhousianum, Regel. Descript:: Plant, Nov, 1873, 32. Temperate Himataya, alt. 8-11,000 ft, from Kumaon to Sixxm. A tall branched species, resembling G. Wallichianum, but distinguished by the bifid or bipartite stipules and very villous filaments; it varies much in pubescence and glandular often reflexed hairs, being sometimes almost villous or velvety. Peduncles and pedicels slender, clothed with spreading glandular hairs; bracts linear, slender. Flowers 1-14 in. diam, Petals obovate, tip rounded or retuse, hairy at the base, rose- coloured, or very pale with a purplish eye (in Sikkim specimens). ‘tlaments gradually narrowed upwards. Carpels piluse. Seeds smooth, ; ** Flowers less than an inch in diameter (see also 14, G. rotundifolium). 9. G. nepalense, Sweet Geran. t. 12; slender, diffuse, much branched, hairy or villous, eglandular, leaves 5-gonal deeply 3-5-lobed or -partite upper sessile segments rhomboid incised, stipules subulate-lanceolate, peduncles slender 1-2-fid, sepals shortly awned almost equalling the entire | Geranium.| XXXII. GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 431 petals. Don Prodr. 208. G. radicans, DC. Prodr. i. 639, .G. pallidum and G. patens, Royle Herb. ; Wall. Cat. 8560, 8561. G. affine, W. & A. Prodr. 133 (not of Ledebour) Wight Ill, i. 153, t. 59 (colour of flower wrong ?), G. Arnot- tianum, Steud. Nomen. 677. ’ Throughout the Temperate Himarayas, alt. 5-9000 ft.; the Kmasra, Nitener and Pouyey Mrs., and in the higher parts of Ceyton.—Disrris. Yunan. Branches sometimes rooting (G. radicans, DC.), more or less clothed with spreading or reflexed hairs. Leaves 14-24 in. diam., opposite, spreading. Peduncles usually slender, sometimes 1-flowered, very variable in length, spreading, reflexed after flower- ing. Flowers 4-3 in. diam., pink or purple. Sepals usually silky. Carpels hairy. Seeds shining, smooth.—We find no difference between the Himalayan and Peninsular emai The Javanese G. ardjunense, Zoll., may, from the description, prove to e ‘this. 10. G. sibiricum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 639; prostrate, slender excessively branched, hoary, leaves 5-gonal 5-partite segments rhomboid acute acutely incised, stipules subulate, peduncles slender 1-2-flowered sepals long-awned, equalling or exceeding the notched petals. Boiss, fl Orient. i. 879. Western Tiset, Nubra and Ladak, alt. 10-12,000 ft. Thomson.—Duisrris. Siberia, Dahuria, Caucasus, Germany. Very similar at first sight to G. nepalense, but more flaccid and branched, with the upper leaves all petioled, and shorter notched petals.—Thomson’s specimens are the only Indian ones we have seen. Src. 2. Pedicels crowded amongst the uppermost .leaves, subumbellate. Flower-buds ovoid or oblong, not pyramidal. Carpels wrinkled, becoming detached from their beaks which coil upwards elastically.—Rootstock stout, perennial. ll. G. polyanthes, Edgew. & Hook.f. ; sparingly hairy, slender, flowering-stems naked below, leaves orbicular-reniform 7—-9-partite or lobed segments cuneate obtuse 3-7-fid, pedicels short, sepals shortly awned, filaments ciliate. Wall. Cat. 8564. G. Donianum, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. not of Sweet. Temperate Himatava, Komaon, Blinkworth ; Inner valleys of Sixxim, alt. 9-12,000 ft., in grassy places, J. D. Hooker. | ee . A very singular species, with subsimple stems 6-10 in. high, bearing clusters of flowers amongst the uppermost involucre-like leaves. Flowering-stems simple or umbel- lately branched about the middle. Leaves 14-2 in. diam., more or less pilose ; petiole of radical very long, upper sessile and crowded under the pedicels; stipules variable, ovate acuminate or subulate-lanceolate. Umbels 3-10-flowered; pedicels 3-1 in., glan- dular-hairy, as are the sepals lowers 4-3 in. diam., dark-purple Fruit erect, 1 in: long. Carpels laterally compressed, keeled, strongly reticulate, glabrous ; beaks slender ; ‘styles very short. Seeds smooth. Secor. 3. Peduncles 2- or more-flowered, crowded. Flower-buds ovoid or oblong, not pyramidal. Carpels smooth, their beaks remaining attached to the axis (not always in G. rotundifolium). * Rootstock perennial, flowers large. 12. G. Tuberaria, Camb. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 33, + 37; slender, erect, hairy and glandular, leaves orbicular-reniform 5-7-partite, segments pinna- tifid, petiole very slender, peduncles 2-flowered terminal umbelled or fascicled very hairy and glandular, sepals obtuse awned or apiculate very hairy, petals retuse, filaments ciliate with very lung hairs, alp. Rep, 449, 432 XXXII. GERANIACEEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Geranium. Temperate Western Himalayas, Kasamir, Jacquemont ; Kisarwar, alt. 8000 ft., T. Thomson. Rootstock tuberous. Flowering stems 12-18 in. high, slender, simple or subumbel- lately branched. Leaves 14-3 in. diam., segments very spreading, radical on very long slender petioles; stipules variable. Inflorescence subumbelled, with an involucre of shortly petioled leaves : peduncles and pedicels erect, clothed with long spreading glan- dular bairs; bracts leafy, pinnatifid. lowers lin. diam. Sepals elliptic, small, obtuse, apiculate, narrowly margined. Petals large, obcordate, ciliate at the very base. £%laments very slender throughout their length. &ruit 13-14 in., erect, hairy ; carpels not wrinkled ; styles very short. Seeds smooth.—There is no trace of the beaks being separable from the axis, though the valves are removable.—A very curious species. ** Annual, flowers small, in awillary peduncles, fruiting pedicels deflexed, 13. G. pusillum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr, i. 642; prostrate, very slender, much branched, pubescent, leaves reniform-orbicular deeply 5-9-lobed or partite segments cuneate 3-lobed, petals obcordate scarcely exceeding the mucronate sepals, carpels smooth, seeds smooth. Boiss, Fl. Orient. iss.” Western Temperate Himalaya; Kasumir, Falconer; Kisurwar, alt. 8000 ft., J. Thomson.—Disrris. Syria and throughout Europe. Very slender and much branched, leafy, slightly glandular above. Leaves 4-1 in. diam ; stipules short. Flowers } in. diam., blue-purple, very small. Petals and Fila- pees at the base. Fruit fin. long. Carpels smooth, hairy. Seeds very minutely granulate. 14. G. rotundifolium, Zinn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 643; suberect with very slender spreading branches, glandular-hairy, leaves reniform 7-fid seg- ments broad obtusely lobulate, petals cuneate entire exceeding the calyx, carpels smooth, seeds deeply pitted. Boiss. Fl. Orient i. 880. G. poten- tilloides, Klotesch in Reise Pr. Waldem, 123, t. 17. Pangas at Peshawar, Vicary; and Hooshiarpore, Aitcheson; Wustern TEMPERATE Himaraya, alt. 6-9000 ft.; Kashmir, Fadconer ; Jamu, Thomson ; Garwhal, alt. 2000 ft., Strach. & Winter.—Disrnis. Siberia and Eastward to Europe and N. Africa. Very slender. Leaves 4-14 in. diam. ; petioles very slender. Flowers 3 in. diam. Petals red, glabrous. uit 3 in. long. ; 15. G@. molle, Linn, ; DU. Prodr. i. 643; stems rather stout diffuse or ascending softly villous and glandular, leaves orbicular palmately 7-9-fid, lobes cuneate obtusely lobulated, petals obcordate exceeding the sepals, carpels obliquely wrinkled, seeds smooth. Boiss. FJ. Orient, i. 882, Temperate Western Himalaya; Kisurwar, 6-9000 ft., Thomson; i: 1500 fe Madden.—Disrxri. Westward to Europe and N. Africa. ee a A common European weed, possibly introduced into India, but also found in Affgha- nistan and Persia; more robust than the two preceding species, readily distinguished Ha the wrinkled carpels, smooth seeds, purple petals ciliate at the base, and glabrous ments. Secr. 4. Peduneles 2-flowered. Flower-buds pyramidal. Sepals broad or cordate at the base, acuminate, not abruptly awned.—Annual or biennial. 16. G@. Robertianum, Linn.; DC. Prodr. i. 644; erect, much branched, pubescent or hairy, leaves triangular-oblong . 5-foliolate or ternatisect segments incised or pinnatifid, peduncles slender, pedicels spreading, petals twice as long as the re clawed, carpels wrinkled Geranium.| XXXII, GERANIACEH. (Edgeworth & Hook. f,) 433 keeled, seeds punctulate. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 883. G. Lindleyanum, Royle Ill. 151, t. 27. Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-8000 ft., from Kasamre, Falconer, to GaRwHat, Strach. & Winter.—Disrris. Siberia, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Europe. A reddish foetid rather succulent annual or biennial. Branches 6-18 in., brittle, leafy. Leaves 1-3 in. broad; petiole long; stipules ovate. lowers 4 in. diam., streaked with dark and light red. Petals narrow, claw glabrous. Fruit 2-1 in.; beak of carpels separating upwards from the axis and attached to its apex by silky hairs.—" Herb. Robert.” 17. @. lucidum, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i, 644 ; annual, glabrous, shining, leaves orbicular 5-7-lobed lobes 5-fid cuneate, pedicels with a series of hairs, sepals long-awned shorter than the spathulate petals, carpels reti- culate keeled nearly glabrous, seeds smvoth. Boiss. FU. Orient. i. 884. levigatum, Royle Ill. 150. Temperate Western Himalaya ; from Kisnrwar to Kumaon, alt. 6-9000 ft.—Disrrie. Siberia, Syria, the Cancasus, Europe, N. Africa. A suberect, much-branched, brittle herb, with usually .bright red branches. Leaves 3-14 in. diam., lobes short broad; stipules acute. Peduncles longer than the petioles. Flowers §-4 in. diam. Sepals wrinkled. Peta/s rose-red, claw glabrous, Fruit } in., glabrous, beak very slender; carpels small, separating both from their beak and the axis, ; 18. G. ocellatum, Camb. in Jacg. Voy. Bot. 33, t. 38; annual, hoary- ple or hairy and glandular, excessively branched, prostrate, slender, eaves orbicular 5-7-lobed lobes cuneate 3-5-fid, petals large broadly obcordate much larger than the acuminate sepals, carpels corrugated, seeds smooth. IWalp. Ann. i. 449. G. bicolor, and G. choorense, Royle Tit. 149,150; Wall. Cat. 8562. Hills of the Pansap; temperate and subtropical Himalaya, alt. 1-6000 ft., from Kasuuir and the Saur Ranee to E. Nirat; Benar, on the topof Parusnath, Anderson. A small straggling species. Leaves 4-2 in. diam. Peduncles sometimes clustered, and subumbelled as in G. Tuberaria, at others axillary solitary and 1-flower:d. Flowers 3 in. diam., rose-coloured with a dark purple eye. Sepals rigid after flowering, wrinkled from pressure against the carpels. Fruit erect, % in. long; carpels small, separating from the axis and beak, which latter eventually coils up elastically. Seeds shining, pale.—Found in E. Nipal (‘Tambur river), but not hitherto in Sikkim. DOUBTFUL AND UNKNOWN SPECIES. G. neterornicnon, Sm.; Royle Til. 150. G. pepuxcutarum, Royle, l.c—Of this and the preceding species no information is given by Royle; Smith has nowhere described a G. heterotrichon. 4, ERODIUM, L’Herit. Herbs, rarely undershrubs, with the branches swollen or jointed at the nodes, Leaves opposite, often alternately smaller, stipulate. Flowers usually regular, in axillary 1-flowered or umbelliferous peduncles. Sepals 5, imbricate, Petals 5, hypogynous, with alternating glands. Stamens 5, alternating with 5 staminodes. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled, long-beaked ; styles 5, stigmatose longitudinally; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Capsule 5-lobed 5-celled, cells 1-seeded ; capes indehiscent, ba ag Septifragally from the axis, their beaks elastically coiling upwards from the base to the apex of the axis, hairy on the inner surface, each meal ay VOL. L 434 XXXII, GERANIACEE. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) [Hrodium. 2 pits at the top below the beak. Seeds exalbuminous; embryo incumbent on the induplicate or flexuous radicle.—Distris. About 50 species, natives of temperate regions in the Old World, whence a few have escaped to the New, and to the Southern Hemisphere. * Beak of carpels ventrally clothed with rigid sete that disappear towards the tip. t+ Leaves 1-2-3-pinnatisect. 1. E. cicutarium, Leman; DC. Prodr. i. 646; annual, leaves pin- natisect pinnules pinnatifid, not decurrent, sepals mucronate, filaments glabrous not toothed. Bozss, #7. Orient. i. 890, ?E. himalayanum, oyle Ll, 150. Western India, from Sinpu and the Pangas to Sruua, ascending to 8000 ft. in Lirtxz Tiser, near Iskardo.—Disrris, Westward to Algeria and throughout Europe and temperate N. Asia; introduced elsewhere. Pubescent and glandular. Branches short or long, sometimes 2-3 ft. Leaves oblong, pinnules 7-11 pairs sessile; stipules ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, scarious. Peduncles many-flowered ; pedicels hoary; bracts small, connate, ovate, hyaline. Sepals 5-nerved, margined. Petals obovate, unequal, bearded at the base, purple, often spotted. Beak of carpels 5 times as long as the cell, scabrous outside, almost glabrous above, pits with a concentric fold. Seeds very smooth; cotyledons 3-lobed. 2, B. ciconium, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 646; annual, leaves pinnatisect pinnules pinnatifid decurrent, sepals awned, filaments ciliate not toothed. Boiss. Fl. Orient. i. 891. Pangaz, near Kohat in the Salt Range, Stewart.—Disrrie. Westward to Syria, the Caucasus, and 8. Europe. Pubescent and viscid. Branches stout, ascending. Leaves ovate, pinnules toothed; stipules ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate, scarious. Peduncles longer than the leaves, 2--flowered ; bracts scarious, mucronate, ciliate. Sepals ovate, membranous, with 3 glandular hairy nerves with long ciliz and a long rough awn. Petals purple, obovate. Carpels subulate at the base, glabrous, with white hairs and a glabrous scar at the tip, pits without a fold; beak very long, scabrous outside, with brown hairs at the top and longer sete below. 3, E. Stephanianum, Willd.; DC. Prodr. i. 645; annual, leaves 2-pinnatisect segments decurrent acutely toothed, sepals awned, filaments ciliate toothed on one side. Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i. 475 in part. oom Tiset, Ladak and Nubra, alt. 11-12,000 ft., Thomson.—Disrem. Siberia, ina. Pubescent and pilose. Branches diffuse. Stipules cuneate, acute, ciliate. Peduncles 2-5- flowered ; bracts linear, reflexed, ciliate. Sepals ovate, 5-nerved, ciliate, awnlong. Petals as long as the sepals, broadly ovate, nerved, ciliate at the base. Carpels hispid. Seeds glabrous, minutely aciculate—The Siberian specimen in Herb. Kew. resembles the ‘Tibetan, and does not accord with Ledebour’s description as to the stamens, which, however, Chinese specimens do. tt Leaves not pinnatisect. 4. HB, tibetanum, Ldgew.; annual’, leaves 3-fid velvety beneath, sepals obovate obtuse not awned, carpels not pitted below the beak. - ere Tier, Falconer ; Ladak Valley below Hanle, alt. 12-15,000 ft., Thom- son, Hay. Hoary, almost stemless. Leaves oblong-ovate, more or less inciso-crenate ; stipules cuneate, scarious, ciliate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2- or more-flowered, bracts ciliate. Sepals pubescent, with a small knob in place of a mucro. Pétals elliptic, Brodium.] XXX11, GERANIACER, (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 435 exceeding the sepals. Ovary silky. Carpels brown, stipitate, with stiff white hairs, split on the back; beak 3-1 in. long, 3-4 times the length of the cell, rough on the outer side, in the inner side with long brown hairs and a few sete, hairy to the tip.— This resembles HZ. chium and egyptiacum, which differ in their mucronate sepals. 5. B. malacoides, Wild. ; DC. Prodr. i. 648; anuual, leaves 3-fid or lacerate shortly pubescent, sepals awned, carpels pitted below the beak. Boiss, Fl. Orient, i. 893, Pangaz, Falconer; Indus Valley at Attok, Peshawur, and Hazara, Stewart.— Disrris. Westward to S. Europe and N. Africa. Softly hairy, hairs on the stem deflexed. Stems erect or diffuse, elongate, branched. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, shortly appressed-pubescent, lower cordate ; stipules large, scarious, acute or obtuse. Inflorescence glandular ; peduncles 3-many-flowered ; bracts ovate, scarious, ciliate. Sepals membranous, two outer 5- and three inner 3-nerved, awn bairy. Pztals ciliate at the base, obovate, lilac, 9-nerved. Filaments glabrous, Jauceolate. Staminodes linear. Ovary hairy. Carpels stipitate, 3-gonous, setose ; beak 4-5 times as long as the cell, with stiff brown hairs for } of its length ; pits with a deep fold. ** Beak of carpels plumose on the ventral face, with long soft cilia. -6.E. stipaceum, Zdgew.; hoary, annual, leaves oblong crenate- toothed lobed or unequally pinnatifid, sepals silkily hoary apiculate, fila- ments ciliate 5 inner the broadest, carpels slender hispid with transverse wrinkles at the tip of the valves, beak very long. Pirie Tiwer? Vigne (Herb. Falconer); Pansas beyond the Indus in Bannu tewart, Root woody, but apparently annual; branches straggling. Leaves 4-1 in., variable in shape, oblong or linear-oblong ; petiole slender. Peduncles several-flowered ; pedicels short. Flowers fin. diam. Sepals concave, strongly 3-nerved. Petals narrow-cuneate, equalling the sepals. /%tlaments subulate, ciliate, the inner series much the largest and broadest. Fruit 8-4 in., slender, erect; carpels slender, narrowed into a stipes, terete, transversely grooved at the base of the beak, covered with stiff hairs with swollen bases, beaks membranous, silky, hairs fulvous.—A very close ally of Monsonia hetero- tricha, notwithstanding the different stamens. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. _ EB vioparorrum, Turz. Mose. Bull. xxxvi. i. 592. “ Ceespitose, diffuse, pilose, leaves petiolate cordate obtuse sinuate-lobate crenate, with scattered adpressed hairs, peduncles 3-5-flowered, calyx aristate, fruit densely hairy.”—Western Peninsula, Pur- rotet. “Root fibrous, stalk 4-5 in. long, arista not plumose when young.”—Speci- mens not seen, only known from the above (? Monsonia senegalensis). E, xitaciricum, Schlecht. Herb. Ind. Or. 1560, is an introduced Cape Pelargo- nium (P. grossularioides). 5, OXALITS, Linn. Acid herbs, rarely shrubby. Leaves radical or alternate, stipulate or ex- stipulate, compound, usually 3-foliolate. /Jowers on axillary 1- or more- flowered peduncles, regular. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, hypogynous, contorted. Glands of the disk 0, Stamens 10, free or united at the base, alt anther-bearing. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled ; styles 5, distinct, stigma ter- minal capitate 2-fid or laciniate ; ovules 1 or more in each cell. Capsule: with loculicidal dehiscence, valves persistent to the axis, Seeds with an outer fleshy coat which bursts elastically, testa crustaceous, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight.—Distrrp. Species about 200, chiefly tropical and temperate 8. American and §. African, sais 436 XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (Edgeworth & Hook.f.) [Ozalis. 1. O. corniculata, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 692; appressed-pubescent, diffuse, creeping, leaves 3-foliolate, stipules adnate to the petiole, eduncles 2-o0-fid. petals yellow notched. Boiss. FZ. Orient. i. 866 ; Wall, Cat, 4347 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 457; W. & A. Prodr. 142. O. repens, Thunb. 3; Wight Ic. t. 18. O. pusilla, Salish. ; Rowb. lc. Throughout the warmer parts of Inpra and Crvton, ascending the Himalaya to 7000 ft.—Disrrrs Cosmopolitan. : A very variable weed, abundant in cultivated places. Leaves long-petioled ; leaflets obeordate. Flowers subumbellate. Sepals obtuse, bracts setaceous. Petals yellow, obcordate. Fruiting-pedicels depressed. Capsule tomentose, subcylindric, cells many- seeded. Seeds transversely ribbed. 2, O. Acetosella, Linn.; DC. Prod. i. 700; pilose, stemless, rootstock creeping scaly, leaves all radical 3-foliolate leaflets broadly obcordate, sti- pues large broad membranous, peduncles 1-flowered, petals white. Boiss. £1. Orient. i, 806. Temperate Himalaya, from Kasumir, alt. 8000 ft., to Srxxrm, alt. 8-12,000 ft.— Distris. N. Asia, Europe, N. Africa, N. America. . Petioles 3-6 in.; leaflets 4-2 in., obcordate, often purple beneath. Pedunete axil- lary, slender, 2-bracteolate about the middle. Flowers 4-3 ix. diam. _Sepats oblong. Petals obovate, white or pale-rose, veined with purple, erose, cohering above the claw. Capsule erect, cells 2-3-seeded. Seeds longitudinally ribbed. 3. O. Griffithii, Zdgew. & Hook. f, ; pilose or villous, rootstock creeping, leaves all radical 3-foliolate leaflets triangular retuse, stipules small ovate- lanceolate, peduncles 1-flowered, petals white. Temperate Eastern Himalaya; Broran, Grijith ; Srxxim, in woods, alt. 8-10,000 ft. J.D, H.; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-7000 ft., H.f. & T. Very similar to O. Acetosella, but the whole plant more hairy, leaflets triangular, and stipules small. 6. BIOPHYTUM, De Cand. Annual rarely perennial herbs, with simple or branched stems. Leaves abruptly pinnate, fascicled or almost whorled at the top of the stem; leaflets opposite, oblique; petiole swollen at the base. Peduncles terminal $ pedicels umbelled. Flowers small, yellow, rarely purple. Sepals 5, lanceo+ late, acuminate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, filaments free, 5 outer smaller. Styles 5, stigmas notched at the apex or 2-fid. Capsule ovoid or oblong or mbplohiose, splitting loculicidally sometimes to the base into 5 spreading valves, Seeds as in Oxalis——Disrrie. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America. Species about 20; various species have sensitive leaves which, and the leaflets, close downwards. The flowers are dimorphous as regards the rela- tive length of the styles and stamens. * Stem simple. Leaflets rounded or merely apiculate at the tip, the terminal pair usually the largest. 1. B. sensitivum, DC. Prodr. i.690; leaflets 6-15 pairs oblong-nearly straight except the terminal tip apiculate or not, peduncles long or short not clubbed at the top, flowers shortly pedicelled, sepals usually much exceeding the capsule, seeds with obliquely transverse tubercled ridges. orb. Fl. Ind. ii. 457; W. & A. Prodr. 162; Bot. Reg. xxxi, t. 68; Wail. Cat, 43438 C, E. Biophytum.] XXXII. GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 437 Throughout the hotter parts of Inp1a, ascending to 6000 ft. in the Himalaya, and Cryton.—Disrris. Tropical Asia, Africa, and America, Stems long or short, slender or robust, hispidly pubescent. Leaves 14-5 in.; petiole hispidulous or merely ciliate ; leaflets very variable in size, 3-4 in., sometimes arched a little upwards, nearly equal at the base except the terminal one, which is obovate and oblique at the contracted base, nerves few or many rather oblique often waved. Peduncles very variable, 4-5 in., hispid, sometimes swollen at the tip; bracts rigid, setaceous ; pedicels usually shorter than the sepals, sometimes equalling them it a little longer. Sepals rigid, subulate-lanceolate, grooved, glandular and hispid. Petals usually twice as long as the sepals, yellow (sometimes purple?). Capsule elliptic, shining ; cells few-seeded. Seeds very variable, minute, with transverse oblique acute or obtuse ridges that are more or less broken up into tubercles. Var. 1. Candolleana; leaflets 10-15 pairs, more or less strigose or appressed pilose on the upper surface, seeds both tubercled and grooved. B. Candolleanum, Wight JU. i. 161, t. 62; Wall. Cat. 4343 D.—Western Peninsula, and Ceylon. ‘ , Var. 2. assamica; leaves 3-7 in., leaflets 7-15 pairs glabrous, petiole and rachis nearly glabrous, seeds turbinate smooth acutely furrowed, flowers yellow. Wall. Cat. 4343 G.—Assam. Var. 3. nervifolia; leaflets about 12 pairs glabrous, nerves few strong and waved beneath as in B. Apodiscias. B. nervitolium, Thwaites Hnum. 64.—Bengal, Ceylon. Mr. Edgeworth, who has laboriously studied the Indian forms of this genus, distin- guishes as species—1, B. Candolleanum, described above; 2, B. sesbanioides, Edgew. mes (Wall. Cat. 4343 A), with ciliate downy nerved leaflets, and (judging from dried spe- cimens) purple flowers; 3, B. Cumingianwm, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc., with 6-15 pairs of glabrous leaflets, and 4, B. poterioides, Edgew. mss. (Wall. Cat. 4848 B) which is stem- less with 6-12 pairs of glabrous leaflets, strongly nerved beneath, purple petals and shining not tubercled seeds with forked furrows. 2 B. Apodiseias, Turcz. in Bull. Mosc. xxxvi. i. 599 (Aposcias by error) ; leaflets 5-7 pairs small shortly and renifurmly obovoid widening towards the rounded tip, nerves beneath few strong horizontal waved, pedi- cels sessile, seeds with scattered tubercles, Oxalis sessilis, Hamilton in Wall, Cat, 4344. O. Petersii, Klotzsch in Peters Mossamb. Reis. Bot. t. 5. Beneat, at Monghir, Hamilton; Assam, Crigith; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft., J.D. H. & T. T.; Mysore and Carnatic, G. Thoms. Herb. ; Annual, Stem 1-2 in., slender. Leaves 1-14 in., crowded; leaflets rather coria- ceous, pale, the lowest smallest orbicular-ovate, the middle ones truncate at the base, the terminal with a contracted oblique base and much arched midrib; petiole puberu- lous, Flowers in. long. Sepals exceeding the pedicels——Probably only a state of B. sensitivum, approaching var. nervifolium, but distinguished by the small size, arched midrib of the leaflets, absence of peduncle, and simply tubereled seeds. 3, B. adiantoides, Wight mss. ; leaflets 12-25 pairs linear-oblong tip rounded very unequal at the base, midrib straight, peduncles slender, pedieels equalling the sepals. Trnasserim, at Mergui, Griffith. res distinct and fae se stem, petiole, rachis and peduncles tomentose and, pilose. Leaflets 2in. long, sides nearly straight, base obliquely truncate, lower edge short, upper long, sometimes produced into an obscure lobe at the anterior margin. Peduncles slender, with a clubbed mass of bracts at the apex. Flowers imperfect. 4. B. Reinwardtii, Walp. Rep. i. 476 ; leaflets 10-20 pairs. oblong tip rounded equal at the base glabrous, midrib straight, nerves slender oblique, peduncles slender, pedicels equalling or exceeding the small none capsule almost eanalitng the small sepals. O, sensitiva, Zuce, in Mune m Denks. ix. 183, t. v. B. O. Reinwardtii, Zucc. in Munch, Abhand. i. 274. 438 XXXII, GERANIACEH, (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [Biophytum. O. Metziana, Mig. in Herb. Hohenack. 144. O. gracilenta, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii, 68. O. sensitiva, Wall. Cat, 4348 F, H.—iheede Hort. Mal, ix. 33, t. 19. Throughout the hotter parts of India, as far to the N.W.as Garwaat ; and in Certon. —Distris. China, Java. But distinguished from B. sensitivum by the graceful habit, slender peduncles, and small flowers with the capsule not much overtopped by the sepals. The seeds vary in amount of furrowing and tubercles exactly as in B. sensitivum. The following three varieties are regarded as species by Mr. Edgeworth :— o . Var. 1. Reinwardti proper ; seeds spirally furrowed. O. Reinwardtii, Zuce. in part. O. sensitiva, Linn. Herb. in part ; Wall. Cat. 4343 B 2. Var. 2. nervioides; seeds deeply furrowed and tubercled. Var. 3. Metziana; seeds turbinate 5-7 furrowed tuberculate——To which should be added— Var. 4. gracilenta; seeds tubercled not furrowed. ** Stem usually branched in a proliferous manner. Leaflets usually cus- pidate or acuminate ; the terminal pair generally shorter than the rest. 5. B. nudum, Arn. in Nov. Act. Acad. Coes, xviii. 326; stem tall simple or branched, leaflets 15-30 pairs linear-oblong obliquely abruptly cuspidate eyual at the base, midrib straight, nerves close-set, pedicels equalling or exceeding the sepals, seeds tubercled not furrowed. Wight dd. 1. 161. Crywon, Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft. Apparently annual. Stem 6-18 in., sometimes as stout as a goose-quill, often umbel- lately branched. Leaves 2-3 in., rachis tomentose; leaflets } in., glabrous, margins thickened, base truncate. Peduncles slender, pubescent; pedicels pilose. Sepals ¢ in., scarcely exceeding the globose capsule. 6. B. proliferum, Arn, in Nov. Act. Acad. Ces. xviii. 327; stem slender prostrate copiously dichotomously branched from a woody stock, leaves short, leaflets very small 5-10-pairs oblong obliquely cuspidate, midrib nearly straight, base equal, peduncles very short usually 1-flowered, seeds tubercled not furrowed. Wight Ill. i. 162. Cryrton, alt. 6000 ft., Walker, Gardner, &c. A remarkable species, easily recognised by its excessively branched prostrate habit, slender branches, minute leaflets, and solitary, rarely geminate flowers. Branches and peduncles pubescent. Leaves rarely 1 in., in whorls; leaflets 3 in. long, usually gla- hrons above; nerves oblique, slender. Peduncles much shorter than the leaves and than the very slender pedicels. Sepals hairy, about as long as the leaflets.—I identify this vith Arnott’s plant on the faith of two specimens thus ticketed by himself in Wight’s Herbarium, though Arnott describes the umbel as 2-5-flowered, and the leaflets as pilose above, and does not allude to the remarkable smallness of the foliage; whence I suspect that he had both this and the following under his eye. ‘ 7, B.intermedium, Wight Jil. i. 162; branches very numerous from a stout woody rootstock slender dichotomously branched, leaflets 15-20 pairs linear-oblong abruptly cuspidate, midrib somewhat arched, base equal, peduncles usually exceeding the leaves several-flowered. Cey.oy, Walker. A much larger plant than B. proliferum, of a very different habit, having long arching branches arising from a woody stock as thick as the finger. Leaves 2 in. long; leaflets 4-4 in., glabrous or pilose above, margins sometimes ciliate, nerves close-set, oblique ; petiole ciliate with long hairs. lowers three times as large as in B. proli- ferum.—t have identified this by specimens in Wight’s Herbarium; which contains a -Biophytum,| XxX11. GERANIACER. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) 439 somewhat similar plant ome below as a variety) from the Pulney Mountains that differs in being apparently annual, and having more pilose foliage, ? Var. 1. pulneyense; annual, stem simple below subumbellately branched above, leaflets slightly hairy above. 0. sensitivam, Herb. Wight Kew Distrib. 302.— Pulney Mts. Var. 2. verticillatum ; annual?, stem dichotomously branched, leaves and leaflets smaller often much ciliated on one or both surfaces. B. verticillatum, Wight Il. i. 162. —B. sensitivum var. Heyneana, Wall.. Cat. 4343 I. / 8. B. polyphyllum, Munro in Wight Ill. i. 162; silky and villous, stem stout umbellately branched, leaves long very narrow flexuous, leaflets minute 30-50 pairs shortly falcate-oblong gradually and obliquely acuminate terminal pair much the smallest. Ninener Mrs., at Kundalis, Munro. An exceedingly curious and distinct species, remarkable for the slender, flexuous leaves, 2~3 in. long, and very minute crowded leaflets, 4 in. long, which are not abruptly cuspidate as in the preceding species ; rachis villous with long hairs. 6% AVERRHOA, Linn. Trees. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnate with a terminal leaflet; leaflets subopposite. lowers small, regular, in panicled axillary or ramal cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, contorted. Glands 0. Stamens 10, united at the base, ali perfect or 5 without anthers, Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celied, without a beak; styles 5, distinct, stigmas capitate ; ovules numerous in the cells, Berry oblong, 5-lobed. Seeds naked or arilled, albumen scanty, fleshy ; embryo straight.—Dustri. Three or four species, of which two are copiously cultivated in many hot countries, probably both natives of the New World, in which alone is a native species found. Very likely both were introduced by the Portuguese into India. A. Carampona, Linn. ; DC. Prodr, i. 689; leaflets 2-5 pairs ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute glabrous and glaucous beneath, fruit with acutely angled lobes, seeds arillate. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 450; W.d& A. Prodr. 141; Brandis For. Flor. 45; Beddome Fl. Sylvat. 39.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iii. t, 43, 44, In gardens throughout the hotter parts of Inpra as far north as Lahore.—Native country unknown. A small tree, densely branched. Leaflets 14-3 in.; petiole stout, pubescent. Flowers chiefly axillary, variegated white and purple. Calyx glabrous, half as Img as the petals. Stamens 10, 5 shorter without anthers, or sometimes | or 2 of these longer and antheriferous. Ovary pubescent. Fruit 3 in. long, yellow; aril Q-lobed, lacerate.—T'wo varieties are known, sweet and sour. The former is eaten raw and cooked. Leaflets irritable to the touch. A. Busmet, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 689; leaflets 5-17 pairs oblong or linear-lanceolate acuminate pubescent beneath, fruit with 5 rounded lobes, seeds not arillate. Roxb. I’. Ind. ii. 451; W. & A. Prodr. 142; Brandis For. Fl. 46; Beddome Fl. Sylv. t. 117.—Rheede Hort. Mal. 3, t. 45. In gardens throughout the hotter parts of Inp1a, also naturalized as an escape.— Native country unknown. 7, CONNAROPSIS, Planch. Trees or shrubs. Leaves pinnately 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets coriaceous, quite entire, strongly nerved, triple-nerved at the base, margiued. Flowers minute. 440 XXXII. GERANIACEHZ. (Edgeworth & Hook. f.) [ Connaropsis. regular, in terminal and axillary panicled cymes. Sepals 5, imbricate, connate at the base. Petals 5, imbricate. Glands 0. Stamens 10, filaments united at the base, the alternate shorter. Ovary 5-angled, 5-celled ; styles 5, subulate, stigmas apiculate ; ovules 2 in each cell. Fruit fleshy, 5-lobed.— Distrip, Three species, all from the Malayan archipelago, 1, ©. monophylla, Planch. in Herb. Hook. ; leaves 1-foliolate, leaflets ‘ovate obtusely acuminate shining above glaucous beneath, panicles pube- rulous of slender spiciform erect branches. Mauacca, Griffith, Cuming, Maingay. : A small round-headed tree. Leaflets 2-3 in., quite entire; petiole 3 in., slender. Panicles 8-5 in. long. Sepals pubescent. Corolla suburceolate ; petals oblong, blood- red, tips subrecurved. Ovary pilose. Fruit obtusely angled, 5-lurrowed ; endocarp fibrous, sending outwards fibres which reticulately divide the sarcocarp. Albumen copious; embryo green, radicle terete. (Descr. chiefly from Griffith’s notes.) 2. G. Griffithii, Planch. in Herb, Hook, ; leaves 3-foliolate ovate or elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate epeane above, panicles short broad tomentose. Hook. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxiii. 166 (name only), Mauacca, Griffith, Maingay. A small tree. Branches woody, bark black. Leaflets 24-34 in., pale, pubescent, as are their short petioles ; nerves remote ; petiole 3 in., that of the leaflets } in. Inflores- cence ferruginous. Flowers usually all autheriferous. Stamens usually on the old wood, 4 in. Jong, brown purple. Fruit 2 in., yellow—Kurz (yours. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, ii. 69), considers that this should bear the name of C. diversifolia, because it was first described as Rowrea diversifolia by Miquel (Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 528), a view I cannot adopt, seeing that Miquel put it not only in a wrong genus, but in a wrong Natural Order, and that the trivial pame diversifolia is not applicable. Moreover, I doubt C. Grifithit being the same with Miquels plant, which latter has lucid leaves, whereas those of C. Grifithit are singularly opaque.-—Fruit acid, eaten cooked, pickled or pre- served with sugar. Leaves irritable to the touch. 8, IMPATIENS, Linn. (By J. D. Hooker.) Herbs, rarely shrubby at the base. eaves opposite or alternate, in some whorled, in others all radical, simple, exstipulate, or with stipular glands at the base of the petiole. Flowers ‘in scapes, or in axillary or terminal 1-2-many-flowered peduncles, irregular, resupinate. Sepals 3 rarely 5, im- bricate; 2 anterior when present minute; 2 lateral small, flat, usually green ; posterior (anterior in flower) large, petaloid, produced into a hollow spur or sac. Petals 3 (or 5); anterior (outer in bud) large; lateral 2-lobed (or 2 connate). Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; anthers cohering. Disk 0. Ovary oblong, 5-celled ; stigma sessile, 5-toothed ; ovules many, 1-seriate in each cell. Capsule loculicidal ; valves 5, elastically springing away from a. placentiferous axis. Seeds smooth or tubercled, glabrous or hairy, albu- men0; embryo straight.—Disrrip. Mountains of trop, Asia and Africa, rare in temp. Europe, N, America, N. Asia, and §. Africa; species about 150. The species of Impatiens are difficult of determination, in a dried state especially ; and for Beddome’s I am chiefly dependent on his published plates. Minute flowers fertilized in the bud occur in some species apart from the others. The following arrangement is that suggested by myself in the Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. iv. p. 106 (Dec. 1859), with the addition of the Peninsula species subsequently described by Beddome, and with the important change consequent on dividing the genus into two principal groups, a Himalayan, with slender terete or obovate capsules, and a chiefly Peninsular group, with the capsule short and swollen in the middle. To avoid ver- biage I shall employ the same terms used in that arrangement, of Sepals for the 2 Impatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 441 lateral sepals (or 4 when present); Zp for the spurred 1; & J r purred sepal; Standard for the petal next the axis; and Wings for the combined pairs of lateral petals. ConsPectus oF SECTIONS. Series A. Capsule ellipsoid or oblong, short, (rarely 4 in.), turgid in the middle. Seeds rounded, often with a shining brittle or hairy testa. —Chiefly Peninsular, Ceylon and Khasian species.—Capsule slender in Z. Klein, trilobata, and perhaps in a few other species of group 11. At—Scaricers. Root-stock tuberous, perennial. Leaves all radical. ae ponders flowers racemed.—All Western Peninsula and Ceylon. p. 1-9. A i—Oppositirotia. Annual. Leaves all opposite, or the upper rarely all whorled in threes (never alternate), usually acutely serrate. Pedicels solitary or fascicled. Seeds few, large, testa black glabrous.—The pedicels of I, Lawii, salicifolia, and others are sometimes arranged on a short pe- duncle. (Sp. 10-25.): A uL—SuBVERTICILLATH. Annual. Leaves all opposite or subopposite, or the lower alternate and upper opposite or whorled, rarely all alternate. Peduncles 1- or more-flowered. Seeds often villous or hairy. (Sp. 26-36.) Atv.—Untriora#. Mostly annual. Leaves all alternate, usually rather distant. Flowers solitary or fascicled ; pedicels not crowded on a commun peduncle. (Sp. 37-53.) . Av.—LateriFiora#, Leaves all alternate, rather distant, not all ap- proximate or whorled. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 rarely 4-5-flowered ; flowers racemose (not umbelled). (Sp. 54-57.) . A vi—Epiprytice. Succulent short stemmed epiphytes. Peduncles 1-2-flowered. Standard and wings very small; lip very large, laterally compressed and saccate.— Western Peninsula, (Sp. 58-60.) Avi.—UMBELtat@ and Suscapitats. Leaves all alternate, rarely opposite, often crowded at the end of the stem or branches and almost whorled.— Flowers in peduncled dense racemes or subumbelled corymbs ; bracts often cunspicuous.—Chiefly Western Peninsula and Khasia Mts, (Sp. 61-76.) Avut—Racemos, Leaves usually crowded upwards, all alternate, Peduncles many, subterminal, elongate, at length exceeding the leaves, many- flowered. Flowers racemose, rarely whorled or fascicled. (Sp. 77-87.) Series B. Capsule elongate, linear or clavate, rarely shortly clavate Seeds oblong or obovoid, compressed ; testa usually rugulose, opaque, coriaceous, quite glabrous.—Chiefly Himalayan and Khasia Mts. species. (Capsule doubtful in J. tropeolzfolia, Griff.) Bi—Oppositiroli@ AND VERTICILLATZ, Leavesall opposite or whorled or a few alternate.—Stout, tall, succulent, annual species, with subumbelled, often purplish flowers on long peduncles. (Sp. 88-91.) Bu.—Unirtors, Leaves all alternate. Flowers solitary or rarely 2 together, on slender axillary pedicels. (Sp. 92-94.) ; Bur—Axuuriore. Leaves all alternate. Flowers in axillary 2-4-flow- ered peduncles, not umbelled or racemed, (Sp. 95-106.) 449 XXXII. GERANIACEEZ. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [Jmpatiens. Brv.—SupumBettat#. Leaves all alternate, very rarely opposite. Peduneles usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches, many- flowered. Flowers in interrupted racemes, subumbelled or whorled, often large purplish, small and yellow in J. radiata. (Sp. 107-111.) Bv.—Racemos#. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite. Peduncles usually fascicled towards the top of the stem or branches. Flowers often small, in uninterrupted racemes, usually yellow. (Sp. 112-122.) A. Capsule short, trapezoid or ellipsoid, A I.—SCAPIGERZ. * Spur shorter than the flower or 0. Wings 3-lobed, except in I. orchioides. 1, I. Beddomei, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves orbicular or reniform- cordate, bracts obtuse or subacute, standard short broader than long, wing-lobes 3 subequal retuse, spur incurved clavate obtuse. I. scapiflora, W. & A. Prodr. 137 in part ; Wight Ill. t. 967; Hf. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 118; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43, not of Heyne. Mountains of Mauasar; near Dodabet, Coonnoor, and elsewhere in the Nilghiris, Wight. 4 foot high or less. Leaves 1-4 in. diam., fleshy, quite entire or obscurely crenate- serrate ; nerves flabellate. L2acemes 1-4 in.; bracts broadly ovate ; pedicels slender. Flowers § in. diam.; sepals broadly and obliquely ovate; wings with three subequal short truncate retuse lobes; spur rather shorter than the flower. Capsule 4 in., elliptic. Seeds minute, granulate.—Being obliged to find a new name for this beautiful plant, I res selected that of Col. Beddome, who has made the Peninsular species his special study. 2. Z. modesta, Wight in Madr. Journ. v.13; Ic. t. 968; leaves ovate- cordate acute crenate-serrate sparsely hairy above, bracts with thickened tips, standard short broader than long, wings with 3 subequal obtuse lobes, spur recurved short obtuse. I. tenuis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 69, t. 7, f. 12; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31. Mountains of Marnazar; Nilghiri, and Sivagherry hills, Wight. Anamallay hills, alt. 5-7000 ft., Beddome. : A foot high or less. eaves 1-5 in.; basal lobes rounded, with a rounded sinus on each side of the petiole. Scape very slender; raceme 1-2 in.; pedicels capillary; bracts much smaller and narrower than in Beddomei. Flowers 4 in. diam., pink; sepals small. Capsule $-} in., elliptic, acute at both ends. Seeds minute. (Wings pubescent on the surface, Beddome.) 3. I. Stocksii, H. f. & JT. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 119; very small, quite glabrous, leaves orbicular oblong or broad-ovate obtuse crenate base acute or rounded, bracts acute, standard orbicular, lip boat-shaped spur less, Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Flor. 42. Mountains of the Concan, Law, Stocks. Much the smallest of the Scapigerous section, 1-4 im. Leaves 4-3 in. diam., tip obtuse or rounded, nerves flabellate ; petiole as long or shorter than the blade; pedicels thick for the size of the plant; bracts small, ovate. Flowers few, 3-6. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse ; standard as broad as long, not very concave, obtuse, rather rhomboid; wings with three obtuse lobes, the lower rather the longest. Capsule } in., elliptic, turgid, acute. Seeds minute, liuear-oblong. 4. I. crenata, Bedd. in Madr. Journ, ser. 2, iv. 69, t.7, £10; Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. p. 31; leaves orbicular-reniform or cordate crenate, scape very Impatiens.] | XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 443 slender few-flowered, standard broader than long very concave, spur short obtuse. I. Akka, Beddome, l.c. 69, f. 11, Mavanar, in the Anamallay and Akka Mts, alt. 5-8000 ft., Beddome. I have not seen this species, which Beddome describes as perhaps not distinct from I, Stocksit ; trom which, however, it seems to differ in the large flowers, long scapes, short pedicels, shape of the standard, and presence of a distinct spur, as well as in the habitat. Though originally described as different plants, Beddome subsequently united his I. crenata and Akka, which according to his descriptions differ in the first having hairy nerves on the leaves above, short petioles, and a crenate standard; both have hairy upper surfaces of the wings and large flowers (how large ig not stated), pure white with a blue tuft of hairs in J. crenata. 5. I. orchioides, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31, t. 151; leaves ovate- cordate obtuse acuminate very hairy above, bracts ovate, standard ovate, Wings with two subulate tails, lip saccate spurless. i Koondah Mts. in Marazar, near Avalanche Ghat, Beddome. Leaves 14-2 in., glabrous beneath, crenatures, bristle-pointed ; petiole very long. Scape 6-7-flowered; pedicels very slender. Flowers } in. diam., like those of a Liparis, reddish-brown; sepals ovate; standard obtuse, not vaulted; wings with a dimidiate-oblong blade produced into two pendulous tails longer than itself; lip acute. Capsule contracted at both ends. Seeds minute scrobiculate.—Description from Bed- dome, who describes the sepals as small, but figures them as remarkably large for the size of the plant, ** Spur longer than the flower, Wings 3-lobed (except in I. acaulis). 6. I. acaulis, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 325; glabrous, leaves orbicular ovate-cordate or oblong, base acute rounded or cordate (not deeply 2-lobed), standard obovate very concave, wings 2-partite terminal lobe largest, spur very slender. Thwaites Enum. 68; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 42; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 118 ; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31. I. scapiflora, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3587; W. & A. Prodr. 137, in part. L pe Moon Cat. 18. I. gracilis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser, 2, iv. 69, t.7, £13. Mountains of the central province of Ceyxon; alt. 83-5000 ft., and of Mauanar and the Concan ? Very variable in size and robustness, 2-12 in. high. Leaves 1-6 in.; usually on slender petioles, more or less crenate. Scape stout. Macemes 1-4 in.; bracts broad; pedicels stout, 1 in. Flowers }-14 in. broad ; sepals broadly ovate; standard short, broader upwards; wings variable in the length and breadth of the segments, which are falcate and truncate; spur very slender, variable in length. Capsule \—§ in., ellipsoid, acute at both ends.—Th waites suspects that the Ceylon plant cannot be scapiflora, because Wallich de- scribes the spur as several inches long, but in some of our specimens it attains 3 inches, Wight and Arnott, in the Prodromns, apparently confound acaulis with the true J. scapi- flora, There is so much diversity in the foliage of specimens which the 2-partite wing obliges me to refer to this species, that I cannot but repeat that this and the three following may prove to be forms of one. Some have the orbicular reniform ‘leaves of I. scapiflora, others the ovate-cordate and pilose leaves of J. rivalis (notably Thwaites, No. 2595), others the elliptic leaves of I. rivalis, var. 2, and still others the oblong leaves with rounded sinus of J. Denisonii. The species of this group cannot be determined from dried specimens. Beddome (Jc. Pl. Ind. Or.p. 31) states that I. acaulis and rivalis “could never be confounded except in dried specimens.” 7. I. seapiflora, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464; leaves orbicular ‘cordate or reniform sinus usually deep and broad above tip rounded obscurely crenate serrate, standard large orvicular rhomboid, wings with 3 broad segments, spur very slender. 444 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminese, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens, Mountains of Matasar, Heyne ; Bababud, Herb. Rottler. ; ; A specimen of this plant in Rottler’s Herbarium, labelled by himself “ J. scapiflora, Heyne,”” may, I assume, be regarded as authentic for the plant discovered by the author of the species, It is certainly not the plant which bears this name in the Linnean Journal (see I. Beddomei), which has a short spur and 2-partite wings ; it en- tirely resembles round-leaved forms of J. acaulis, except in the 2-partite wings. The leaves are evidently fleshy, obscurely crenate, with radiating nerves; the bracts thick, and scape and pedicels stout. Flowers 1 in. diam.; segments of wings recurved-falcate linear, rather broad, tips rounded. 8. E. rivalis, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 13, t. 8; Ic. t. 751; leaves ovate-cordate with an acute sinus or a rounded base or elliptic and acute at both ends crenate-serrate usually hairy above, standard broader than long vaulted, wings 3-partite, spur very long. A. 7. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soe. Iv. 119, Mountains of the Concay, Canara, Mauasar, and Travancor, alt. 5-8000 ft. Very variable in stature, 6-18 in. high. Leaves extremely variable in form and pubescence, feather-nerved, never orbicular-reniform with a broad sinus as in I. seapt- flora and Denisonii—Except by\the wings I do not see how some specimens are to be distinguished from J. acaulis, but Beddome says they “never could be confounded ex- cept in dried examples;”’ he reduces his verrucosa to this species (Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 31). e Var. 1, leaves 2-5 in. ovate-oblong hairy acute, base rounded or cordate. Wight fc. t. 757. ‘ Var. 2. leaves 4-8 in. elliptic acute at both ends, petiole as long very stout.— Concan, Stocks. ‘ : ' Var. 8, leaves 3-4 in. ovate-cordate, wings with a batch of warts on the upper sur- face. I. verrucosa, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iv. 69, t. 7, £. 9. : 9. I. Denisonii, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 151; leaves ovate-cordate obtuse or acute crenate pilose above base deeply 2-lobed sinus broad, scape and pedicels very long and slender, standard broadly ovate vaulted, wings 3-partite bearded on the inner face, lateral segment with a filiform appendage enclosed in the long recurved spur. Nitewrr Mts. ; abundant in the Sisparah ghat, alt. 45000 ft., Beddome. Apparently very near to I. rivalis, differing in the deeply 2-lobed base of the leaf, smaller flowers, (2 in. diam.) with much narrower and longer segments to the wings, and in the curious filiform appendages of the latter that descend ‘into the spur asin J. racemosa, and which are no doubt concerned in the process of fertilization. I suspect that Herb. Wight. Kew Distrib. 310 is referable to this, not to J. acaulis. A 11.—OPPposiTIFOLLz, * Spur as long as the flower or longer. 10. I. chinensis, Linn. ; glabrous, stem angled, leaves all opposite subsessile linear-oblong or obovate, stipules setaceous, sepals linear, standard .orbicular, wings semi-obovate entire base auricled, spur very slender incurved. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 42; H.f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv.119. I. fasciculata, Lamk, Dict. i. 359; Wight Ic. t. 748; W. & A. Prodr. 138; Hook, Bot. Mag. t. 4631. I, heterophylla, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, li. 458; Cat. 4748, I. setacea, Coleb. in Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 137. Balsamina fasciculata and B. chinensis, DU. Prodr, i. 686.—Rheede Hort, Mai. ix. t. 47. : Buortan, Griffith; mountains of the Western Peninsuna, from the Concan to Tra- vancor, alt, 5-8000 ft; Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft.; Burma, Wallieh ; Tenasszrim, Helfer ; Matacca, Griffith.— Disrris. China. A very variable and beautiful plant. Stem 4-16 in., erect froma rooting prostrate Impatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook.f.) 445 base, Leaves 4 to nearly 4 in., serrate, linear-oblong obovate or almost rounded, sharply serrate, acute or obtuse, base acute rounded or subcordate, glabrous or sparsely hairy, rather thick, glaucous beneath, basal serratures often setaceous ; stipules subu- late, gland-tipped, recurved. Pedicels shorter or longer than the leaves, solitary or fascicled, fruiting deflexed. Flowers 4-1 in. diam., rose-purple or white; perianth flat; lip boat-shaped. Capsule 4-3 in., elliptic, turgid in the middle. Seeds many, shortly oblong, smooth, nearly black, shiniug—The Linnean type is a straight broad- leaved form, but the narrow-leaved occurs in China. ll. I. Griffithii, 7. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 120; lower leaves opposite petioled uppermost sessile whorled in threes, all narrow linear- lanceolate, sepals ovate-oblong acuminate, standard broad obcordate spurred behind, wings broadly 2-lobed, spur long filiform. Eastern Peninsuta; Mounts Ophir and Gerai, &c., alt. 3000 ft., near Malacca, Griffith, &e. : A. beautiful species, closely allied to £. chinensis, but very distinct in the foliage, all the leaves being narrowed at the base, and the upper in threes; they are 14-4 in. long, rather thick, whitish beneath, glabrous and somewhat hairv on the upper surface, as is the stem sometimes, teeth remote, lower setaceous. edicels solitary, very rarely in va Flowers 1 in. diam., perianth flat, rose-lilac. Capsule unripe, like that of . chinensis. 12. I. Gardneriana, Wight Ic, t. 1050; nearly glabrous, stem creeping at the base, leaves whorled in threes sessile or shortly petioled ovate- oblong acute sharply serrate, sepals short, standard obovate apiculate dorsally winged, wings 2-lobed, lobes similar obovate retuse, lip boat- shaped with a long slender spur. A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 121. Pastures below Sisparah in the western slopes of the Ninenmrr Mrs., Wight & Gardner. Stem procumbent at the base and rooting, simple, ascending. Leaves 13-2 in., distinctly petioled, very sharply serrate, ciliate towards the base. Peduncles longer than the leaves, filiform. Sepals ovate, acuminate ; wings very short and subequally 2-lobed, neither of the lobes clawed, the terminal rather the larger. Capsule oblong, small, pointed, glabrous.—I have seen no specimens of this plant; that so named in Wight’s Herbarium and distributed from it (No. 312) is an opposite-leaved species, with a very short spur, and wholly differently shaped wings. 13. I. setosa, H. f. &. T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123; stem branched, leaves all opposite or uppermost whorled most of them long petioled elliptic- lanceolate acuminate distinctly serrulate, upper sessile with long cilia at the base, stipules of many sete, standard suborbicular with a dorsal wing, wings broad, spur very slender. Mountains of Marapar; Agamalay, near Palaghautcherry, Wight ; Sisparah Ghat, alt. 83-4000 ft., Beddome. : A tall erect branched annual, 1-2 ft. high; stems below as stout as a goose-quill, : quite glabrous, minutely dotted with black ; branches opposite. Leaves 2-4 in., the lower on petioles 4-1 in.; petiole and both surfaces sparsely pubescent, margins at the base and stem at the upper nodes.with long cilia. Pedicels quite glabrous, solitary or twin, slender, equalling the leaves. Mowers 1 in. diam. ; perianth rotate, violet-purple ; sepals rather large, ciliate, apiculate; standard suborbicular, with a broad dorsal wing ; wings broad, 3-lobed?; spur curved upwards. Capsule (diseased) 1 in. long, terete, very slender. : 14, I, Kleinil, W. & A. Prodr. 140; slender, branched, nearly gla- brous, leaves all opposite usually petioled elliptic-lanceolate or oblong or obovate acute or acuminate distantly serrulate, pedicels glabrous, stipules of 2 glands or obsolete, flower small, sepals linear-subulate, standard small 446 XxxII, GERANIACES. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. orbicular, wings with long claws broadly obovate almost entire, spur slender, capsule narrow. Wight Ic. t. 884; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 122; Dalz, & Gibs, Bomb. Flor, 43. I. tenella, Wall, Cat. 4746 B. Balsa- mina minor, DC. Prodr, i. 686.—Rheede Hort, Mal. ix. t. 50, 51. Mountains of the Wesrern Peniysuxa, from the Concan southwards, common in the rains. A slender herb, rarely 1 ft. high; branches opposite, spreading. Leaves 1-24 in., very variable, glabrous or piluse above, glaucous beneath, rarely sessile, usually nar- rowed into a slender petiole. Pedicels slender, solitary or twin, reflexed in fruit. Hlowers 4 in. diam., violet-purple ; spur hardly exceeding the flower or longer, more or less ascending. Capsule 4 in., ellipsvid-lanceolate. - Seeds few, subglobose, black, shining.—The small flower, long spur, entire clawed wings, and small capsule with tew globose seeds together best distinguish this variable plant. I never find the pedicel to have a line of pubescence as in J. tenella and inconspicua. 15, I. diversifolia, Wall. Cat. 4749 ; diffuse with ascending branches, quite glabrous, leaves all opposite faintly serrate lower shortly petioled elliptic or oblong obtuse, upper sessile linear-oblong or ligulate base cor- date, sepals linear acuminate, standard small, wings broadly semi-obovate, spur long filiform. W. & A. Prodr. 139; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe iv: 121. I. heterophylla, Wall. Cat, 4748 B. I. Arnottiana, Mig. in Herb. Hohenack. 275, Wesrern Peninsuta, from Canara to Mavapar, Heyne, &c.; Quilon, Wight; Bavaboodan hills, Law. Stems very succulent, a foot or more long, rooting at the nodes. Leaves 3-3 in., the lower smallest and usually petioled, upper often dilated at the base, serratures rarely well defined, all very flaccid when dry; stipules obscure, glandular. Pedicels solitary or twin, with a faint line of pubescence, usually longer than the leaf, deflexed in fruit. Flowers } in. diam.; perianth rosy, rotate; spur ascending, sometimes thick, inflated, equalling or exceeding the flower. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, turgid. Seeds globose, dark brown, smooth, shining.—Copious specimens in Wight’s Herbarium prove this to be a very variable plant, sometimes of considerable size, and not the small species it was assumed to be in the Linnean Journal. Some specimens, probably gathered in marshy places, have very thick succulent stems and large leaves, flaccid when dry, and others are very slender with leaves not } in. in breadth. 16. I. liguiata, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. ser. 2, iv. 67, t. 7, £6; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 149; branched, erect, glabrous, leaves uniform subsessile linear-ligulate mucronate base cordate remotely serrate hispid above, stipules setaceous or 0, pedicels with a pubescent line, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard small, lateral wing-lobes broad almost hatchet-shaped, terminal very Senet descending into the spur, spur as long as the flower stout incurved. Mountains of Travancor and Maxasar, alt. 1-2500 ft , Beddome. Stem 1-2 ft. ; branches slender, spreading. Leaves 3-4 in., horizontal, very uniform in all the specimens, though batty the species occurs with broad and petioled lower leaves. Pedicels 1 or more, very slender, about half the length of the leaves. Flowers about 1 in., pink or white; standard with a dorsal pubescent line; spur undulate. Cap- sule ellipsoid, swollen in the centre. Seeds about 12, glabrous, shining When dry it is difficult, except by the spur, to distinguish this from narrow-leaved states of J. in- conspicua, tenella, and oppositifolia ; and, except from the breadth of the spur, from I. diversifolia, it being difficult to make out the curious structure of the 2 wing-lobes (that descend into the spur), except on fresh specimens. According to Beddome’s figure it is the terminal lobes that are reduced to narrow ligule and descend into the spur ; but as far as I can make out from dried specimens, it is the lateral lobes ; they are filiform, much longer and more slender than Beddome represents, and dilated at the apex. Impatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACER, (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 447 ** Spur shorter than the flower or 0. 17, I. tenella, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4746 A; small, slender, erect, glabrous, leaves all opposite sessile or shortly petioled ligulate oblong or lanceolate remotely serrate, stipules obscure or 0, pedicels with a line of pubescence, sepals linear acuminate, standard short, terminal lobe of wing clawed elongate lateral small, spur shorter than the flower. capsule clavate pointed few-seeded. W. d& A. Prodr.140; H.f.& T. in Journ, Linn, Soc. i, 123, 41. rosmarinifolia, Retz; Wight Ic. t. 750. I. tenuicula, Steud. Nom, ed. 2; i. 804, : Mountains of Matapar, Heyne; and the Concan, Jacquemont. Stem 4-10 in., simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 1-4 in., the upper or all nar- row, sessile with a subcordate base, the lower (rarely all) usually narrow lanceolate and ees: Pedicels 1-3, solitary or fascicled, capillary, erect horizontal or deflexed in fruit. towers about £in., pink? Capsule glabrous, § in., straight, long-beaked. Seeds few, orbi- cular, compressed, shining, black.—A very obscure plant, probably a variety of I. Kleinii, intermediate between it and J. inconspicua. There is a specimen in Rottler’s Herbarium, ea I. longiflora, Heyne, from Bababud, Wight’s J. rosmarinifolia? has a very short spur. : Var. brachycarpa; spur very slender as long as the flower, capsule shorter din, ellipsoid acute at both ends. Herb. Wight.—Cochin, Johnstone, Mysore, Lobb. Leaves 4 in. long, ligulate from a cordate sessile base in Cochin specimens. 18, I. inconspicua, Benth. in Wall. Cat, 4741 ; flaccid, glabrous, much branched from the base, leaves serrate lower ovate or oblong and petioled upper linear sessile or all ovate or all linear, stipules setaceous or 0, pedi- cels very slender shorter than the leaves with a line of pubescence, sepals linear-subulate, wings with a broadly rhomboid obovate clawed terminal lobe and small lateral lobe, lip saccate acuminate not spurred. W. & A. Prodr, 139 ; Wight Ic. t. 970; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 43. I. pusilla, Heyne mn Wall. Cat. 4745; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 122. I. filiformis, W. & A. Prodr.140. I. mysorensis, Roth in Wall. Cat. 4743 in part. I. Per- rotettii, Turcz in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1863, i. 594, Mountains of the Western Peninsula, from the Concan to Manapar; common at 38-8000 ft. Stems 4-12 in., robust or slender, erect. Leaves 4-4 in., upper always narrowed and most remotely serrate, often very slender, glabrous or pubescent above, pale or glaucous beneath. Pedicels always with one line of pubescence, solitary or geminate, shorter than the leaf, deflexed in fruit. Sepals very long and narrow ; wings with a large Tounded almost obovate clawed terminal lobe, and small linear lateral one. Capsule 4 in., turgid in the middle, acute at both ends. Seeds few, almost globose, but a little compressed, black shining.—Of this very variable plant there appear to be two extreme and totally distinct forms, but the Wallichian specimens, which are all under-sized, are so bad, that I cannot satisfactorily determine to which of them any of the synonyms quoted above should apply. One of these two forms is usually shorter, and has all the leaves 4-2 in., petioled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, and sharply serrate ; it is the J. in- conspicuu of Wight’s Icones, t. 970, J. tenella of Heyne, according to a specimen so named in Rottler’s Herbarium, but certainly not Rottler’s tenella. The other extreme form is much larger, with leaves 14-2 iu., narrow-ligulate, remotely serrate, often rounded or subcordate at the base; this is the I. filiformis of Wight’s Herbarium, but differs from the description in Wight and Arnott in the pedicels not being confined to the uppermost leaves. I. mysorensis, Wall. Cat. 4743 B, is a very small state of inconspicua and not the true plant. I. ramosissima, Dalz., referred in the Journ. Linn. Soc. to J. tomentosa, Dalz., is another form, with a minute rudimentary spur. Between the ex- treme forms there are innumerable connecting links ; and I retain the name inconspicua, as the most applicable, the flowers being amongst the smallest of the genus. Beddome adopts the synonymy of the Prodromus for J. inconspicua, and says that he does not 448 XXXII. GERANIACE®. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. know J. tenella (Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 82). Upon the whole, I am disposed to separate the varieties as follows :— ; Var. 1, inconspicua proper ; stem 4-8 in. usually more robust, leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate petiolate strungly serrate, peduncles usually short. I. inconspicua, Wight Ic. t. 970. Var. 2. pusilla; smaller, lower leaves more or less petioled lanceolate and serrate, upper longer narrow subsessile remotely serrate. I. pusilla, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4745, : Var, 3. filiformia; slender and much branched, leaves subsessile very long slender remotely serrate the lower sometimes petioled and lanceolate. I. filiformis, W. & A, Prodr. 140 (a small few-flowered form). : Vax. 4. ramosissima; robust, much branched, leaves uniform short sessile oblong obtuse at both ends, lip with a very minute spur. J. ramosissima, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 230. .19, Z. oppositifolia, Zinn.; erect, leaves subsessile narrow-linear elongate remotely serrate, or the lower oblong or linear-oblong and petioled,. stipules subulate, pedicels quite glabrous, sepals linear acuminate, wings with a broadly-obovate clawed terminal lobe and a small lateral one, lip conical ending in a short stout incurved spur. Wight Ic. t. 883; W. & A. Prodr. 139; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 43; H.f. & T.1n Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. 121. L rosmarinifolia, Retz, Obs. v. 29; Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 325. Balsamina rosmarinifolia and oppositifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 686. Mountains of Maiazar, Canara, and the Concan, alt. 83-5000. Cryzon, abundant frm the sea-level to 7000 ft., Thawaites. ‘This is another plant so closely allied to J. tenella and inconspicua, that I do not see how they are always distinguishable, in a dried state at any rate, except by the spur and glabrous pedicels. Ceylon specimens are remarkably uniform, 12-18 in., erect, simple or sparingly branched, stipulate with very narrow leaves 14-3 in., flowers 4-$ in. long (from standard to 1ip of wings), and a short stout incurved spur; but Peninsular ye have more often broadly oblong shortly-petioled leaves, sometimes rounded at the tip. Rottler’s specimens are excessively slender and flaccid. The spur is tolerably uniform jn all, being horned, and the peduncles invariably glabrous; the capsule and reed are quite like those of I. inconspicua. I had (in Linn. Journ.) referred to this Wight’s figure of J. rosmarinifolia, t.750, which 1 am now disposed to refer to J. tenella or inconspicua. 20, £. reticulata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 19, t. 19; Cat. 4750; glabrous stem erect from a creeping base fleshy simple or branched, leaves all opposite upper subsessile linear-oblong acute cuspidate-serrate base retuse, lc wer often shortly petioled, sepals narrow linear, standard ovate acute, wings clawed, claw with a hooked process (lateral lobe) on each margin, terminal lobe orbicular clawed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a short incurved spur. Prev near Rangoon, Wallich; Moutmetn, Lobb. Stem 6-12 in.; branches opposite or alternate, obscurely 4-angular. Leaves 1-1} in.; lower often narrow-obovate acute. Flowers 4 in. diam., rosy, nodding; fruiting pe- duncles deflexed. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid, turgid in the middle, narrowed at both ends and beaked at the apex, glabrous. Seeds few, subglobose, testa black shining—Very nearly allied to Z. pppoe with which I have confounded it in Journ. Linn. Soc.; but the cae of the 2 small lateral falcate recurved lateral lobes on each wing, is very remarkable. I describe them from Wallich’s figure, and assume Lobb’s plant to be the same, @ point which can only be determined from living specimens. 21, E. Lawii, H. f. & ZT. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 122; erect, much branched, leaves short sessile or subsessile ovate or oblong subserrate sparsely scabrid above, stipules 0, pedicels with a line of hairs, sepals Impatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) 449 linear-lanceolate, standard orbicular cuspidate, wings with very broadly obovate subsessile terminal and small lateral lobes, lip boat-shaped spurless, Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 43. Bababoodan hills in Matasar, Law. Annual, 8-10 in. Stem rather stout, glabrous. Leaves $-1 in., smaller upwards, acute, glabrous aud pale beneath, the upper often cordate at the base. Pedicels about equalling the leaves, sharply deflexed in fruit. Flowers 3 in. diam. across the wings. Capsule § in., ellipsoid, acute at both ends. Seeds few, unripe, apparently as in J. Kleinii.—Very distinct from any of the preceding specimens of this section in the form of the wings. 22, I. Dalzellii, H./.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 123; erect, spar- ingly branched, quite glabrous, robust, leaves subsessile lower elliptic- lanceolate, upper ovate or oblung-lanceolate from a broad or cordate base spinulose-serrulate, ' stipules 0, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard sub- orbicular hooded winged at the back, terminal wing-lobe clawed, lip boat- shaped with a very short spur. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 48. Mountains of the Concan, Dalzell. Stem stout, 10-18 in. high. Leaves 3-5 in., sometimes 14 in. broad, acuminate, basal serratures often with long cilia. Pedicels soiitary or fascicled on a very short common peduncle, quite glabrous, shorter than the leaves, apparently not deflexed in fruit. Flowers about 4 in. across, yellow (structure not well made out). Capsules nearly 4 in., ellipsoid. Seeds few, very large, broadly oblong, black, shining —A very distinct species, which differs from all of this section in the often fascicled peduncles and very large seeds. 93. I. tomentosa, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4751; more or less tomentose, leaves nearly uniform very shortly petioled elliptic- or oblong-ovate acute or obtuse serrulate hispid above glabrous or tomentose on the nerves beneath, sepals linear-lanceolate, standard oblong, wings with a broad sessile terminal and small lateral lobe, lip saccate. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor,43; Wight Ic.t. 749; H.f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 121 (excl. syn. of ramosissima); W. & A. Prodr. 139. I. rufescens, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4747; W. &. A. Prodr. 138; Wight Ic. t. 969. Mountains of Mauazar and Travancor, alt. 3-7000 ft., common in swamps. Stem 4-8 in., usually simple, erect, more or less clothed with crisped rufescent hairs above, which also appear on the pedicels and often on the nerves of the leaf beneath. Leaves 4-1 in., short, uniform, obtuse or acute, more or less scabrid or tomentose above; nerves beneath few. Pedicels always solitary, longer or shorter than the leaf, deflexed in fruit. Flowers very variable in size, longest diameter (4-4 in.) through the lip be- cause of its being so saccate, more or less pubescent; wings short, terminal lobe rounded; lip obtusely conical. Capsule and seeds as in I. oppositifolia, &c.—Wight figures a short apical spur in J. rufescens, but I do not find it in any of the specimens, and I do not think that tomentosa and it are separable as permanent varieties. On the other hand, Wight’s figure of Z. rufescens differs so much from that of his L. tomentosa, that it seems best to rank these provisionally as varieties. ; : Var. 1. tomentosa; flower 4 in. long from tip of lip to that of standard, wings with an oblong lateral lobe incumbent on a large terminal one, lip saccate with a short hooked spur. Wight lic. we 2. rufescens ; flowers twice as long as in var. 1, lip shortly saccate spurless. ight le. 24,I. concinna, 7. 7.; small, glabrous, branches opposite, leaves uniform opposite subsessile ovate or ovate-cordate acute sharply serrate, nerves strong beneath, sepals dimidiate-lanceolate as long as the lip, standard orbicular spurred, wings 2-lobed, the terminal clawed dimidiate- ” VOL. 1. GG 450 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. ovate, lip boat-shaped with a very short curved spur. I. Gardneriana, Wight Herb. not of the Icones. Mountains of Matasar, Wight. , . Annual, erect, 6-10 in., rather stout; branches opposite, ascending. Leaves 4-3 in., lower serratures almost setaceous; stipules setaceous or obsolete. Pedicels rather - shorter than the leaves. lowers § in. diam., remarkable for the length of the sepals, apparently purple. Capsule erect, 4 in., acute at both ends, very turgid in the middle. Seeds very few and large, subcompressed, rather broader than long, testa black shining. —TThis has much the habit of Z. tomentosa, but it is glabrous with ovate very acutely serrate leaves, and different flowers. - The pedicels show no disposition to be deflexed. 25. I. salicifolia, H. f. & T.in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 124; erect, stout, tomentose, leaves shortly petioled lanceolate serrate all opposite or lower opposite upper whorled, peduncles solitary or fascicled on a common peduncle sometimes 2-flowered, stipules subulate or 0, flowers large, sepals subulate-lanceolate, standard obovate keeled, lip deeply saccate with a short stout hooked spur. Kauasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &c. Stem stout, 1-2 ft., with spreading opposite branches. Leaves 2-5 in., acuminate at both ends, membranous, tomentose or glabrate on both surfaces, serratures small, the basal long-ciliate. Inflorescence very variable, of slender 1-flowered pedicels that are solitary or fascicled or collected into a many-flowered axillary cyme, with subulate brac- teoles. lowers dark purple, nearly triangular in profile, and 3 in. from the tip of the spur to that of the standard. Capsule % in., elliptic-lanceolate. Seeds immature — J. salictfolia, Turcz., published in the Moscow Bulletin in the year previous to this (in the Linnean Journal, 1860) is, I suspect, J. Balsamina. A 1.—SuBVERTICILLATE. * Peduneles 1-flowered. See I. parvifolia in **, x 26. I. latifolia, Linn. ; tall, stout, erect, branched, quite glabrous, leaves subopposite and whorled petioled ovate-lancevlate crenate, sepals ovate cuspidate, standard broad 2-lobed spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur long slender straight or incurved, Wall. Cat. 4737; W. & A, Prodr. 138 in part; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. Fl. 44; A. f. & Tin Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 124 (ewcl. some syn.); Mig. Lil. Flor. Arch. Ind. 93. I. cuspidata, W. & A. in Hook, Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 321; Wight Ic. t. 741; Vhwartes Enum, 65. Balsamina latifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 686.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 48. Mountains of the Western Peninsuna, from Concan to Travancor, alt. 83-7000 ft. 5 Cryvtoy, alt. 4~7000 ft.—Distris. Java, fid. Miguel. A robust plant, annual? 2-3 ft. high; stem as thick as the finger below, branches alternate. Leaves membranous, 2-5 in., acuminate, base always acute, crenatures often setose. Flowers 1-13 in. diam., pale purple, perianth rotate. Standard larger than the wings, which have a large retuse basal and narrower terminal lobe ; lip green, as is the spur. Capsule 1 in., elliptic, turgid, quite glabrous. Seeds few, large, oblong, com- pressed; testa thick, opaque, reticulate.—A Nilghiri specimen of Gardner's has long cilia on the petiole and alternate leaves. Thwaites remarks the variability of the large lobes of the wings. I have uot cited under this the J. latifolia of Bot. Mag. t. 5625, which has very alternate leaves, and must hence be referred to J. flaccida. ‘I hese species are undistinguishable in herbarium specimens, though so different in the seeds. 27.1. Leschenaultii, Wall. Cat. 4739; almost shrubby, leafy, glabrous, leaves opposite and alternate spreading and recurved petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate base acute crenate, sepals ovate acuminate, Impatiens] XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) 451 standard 2-lobed spurred at the back, wings 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur slender incurved. W. & A. Prodr. 136; Wight Ic. t. 970, bis; H.f. &T. in Journ, Linn, Soc, iv. 125. Balsamina Leschenaultii, DC. Prodr. i; 686. Mountains of Mazanar and Travancor, alt. 83-7000 ft. A very near ally of I. latifolia, but I think. distinct, especially in the excessively branched and leafy habit, much smaller, crowded, usually recurved leaves, and smaller flowers and capsules. De Candolle is, no doubt, wrong in assigning Ceylon as a habitat, except, indeed, he took J. latifolia for this. Leschenault, its discoverer, col- lected in the Peninsula. 28. I. lucida, Heyne in Wall.: Cat. 4728; nearly glabrous, flaccid, stem very slender, leaves. chiefly opposite and whorled petivled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles very slender, flowers small, sepals ovate acuminate, standard suborbicular beaked entire, wings 2-lobed, Ep epesenee with a long incurved slender spur. LI. latifolia, W. dé A. rodr. 138. Mountains of the Western Prninsuxa, from the Concan to Mavabar. Numerous specimens of this from Law, Stocks, Wight and others, show it to be a very different species from J. latifolia, being much smaller in all-its parts, 4-8 in. high, sparingly branched, very slender and flaccid ; with a small flower 3 in. diam., and a small entire orbicular standard. The crenatures of the leaf, whichis sparsely hairy above, are rarely setigerous, A specimen in Rottler'’s Herbarium bears the name lucida, Heyne, and station Courtailum, spelled Kuttalam. This may be a form of I flaccida, with the leaves sometimes opposite. is Peduncles 2-c rarely 1-flowered. See I. fimbriata and janthina om vii. 29. I. radicans, Benth. m Wall. Cat. 4763; pubescent, stem simple erect leafy, leaves are subsessile stipulate lanceolate acuminate serrate, eduncles horizontal, flowers 1-4 large, standard galeate, wings small, lip saccate obtuse, spur short hooked. H.f. & T.in Journ. Linn. Soc. lv. 126. » Kuasia Mrs., in'marshes, alt. 4-6000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, &c. __A beautiful species, 1U-18 in., more or less crisply hairy on the stem and leaves above, rarely glabrate. Stem square. Leaves 1-3 in., sometimes ovate- or oblong- lanceolate, the serratures often ciliate, pale beneath ; stipules of 2 fascicles of soft gland- tipped sete. Peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves, with as many lanceolate brac- teoles as there are pedicels. lowers nearly 1 in. across and as deep, purple; sepals Very variable, dimidiate-ovate or lanceolate, stvaight or fulcate ; standard with a dorsal conical obtuse horn or gibbosity ; wings 2-lobed ; lip very obtuse, longer than broad; spur incurved. Capsule 3 in., glabrous, ellipsoid, turgid in the middle, Seeds oblong, com- pressed ; testa pale, membranous. 30, I. trilobata, Coleb. in Hook, Exot. Flor. ii. t. 141; tall, alternately branched, almost glabrous, leaves dpposite and alternate all or the lower only long-petioled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate crenate-serrate stipulate, peduncles horizontal, flowers 2-5 large, sepals minute subsetaceous, standard obcordate, lip saccate obtuse or conical, spur long or short. Wail. Cat. 4762 A, and 4763 (Pundua) ; Hf. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. 126. Tropical Sixxim Himauaya, alt. 2-4000 ft., and Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft. _ Avery variable and beautiful species, 1-2 ft. Leaves membranous, sparsely hairy above, lower 2-5 in. usually -long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate long-acuminate crenate, the ‘upper more often sessile lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, all often ciliate towards the base; stipules usually of large tufts of soft cilia. Feduncles very slender, shorter than the leaves; bracts minute or 0. Flowers $-2 in. from base of lip~to tip of standard, which is horned at the back, bright violet-purple ; wings’ 2-lobed, but not deeply, notched GG2 452 XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. on the inner margin, lobes rounded-oblong, sometimes elongate ; lip very variable, some- times conoid and produced into a slender curved spur, at others obtuse, abruptly spurred, or gibbous above the spur. Capsule and seeds as in (92) J. tripetala.—The figures in the Exotic Flora represent etiolated flowers. 31.5. flavida, H. f. & J. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 127; erect, quite glabrous, leaves opposite and 3-nately whorled all long-petioled ovate-lariceolate minutely serrulate, stipules obsolete, flowers 2-4-subum- belled yellow, bracts recurved, standard obovate, wings small, lip saccate obtuse, spur stout incurved. Wall. Cat, 4763 (with I. trilobata). Eastern Beneau; SiuneT and Cacsar, in woods, Wallieh, &c.; Misawa Mrs. and Upper Assam, Grofith. A branehed annual, not easily distinguished in a dried state from states of I. trilo- bata, except by the leaves being more constantly quite glabrous above, the stipules being obsolete, and the leaves not ciliate towards the base. Peduncles often opposite and usually erect; bracts apparently always recurved. lowers 3 in. from the base of the lip to the tip of the standard, dirty gamboge-yellow ; spur thick, hooked; wings with 2 rounded lobes, the terminal purplish. 32. I. verticillata, Wight in Madr. Jour. v. 15; glabrous, erect, leaves opposite and in whorls of 3 and 6 short-petioled narrow-lanceolate, stipules subulate, flowers umbelled, wings broad 2-lobed, terminal lobe elongate, lip boat-shaped with a long very slender spur. Af. & 7. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 129. Mountains of Matapar; in gravelly beds of streams, at Sivagherry, Wight ; Cocutn, Johnstone. Herbaceous, diffuse ; stem 6-18 in., subsimple, naked below, swollen at the joints, terete. Leaves 4-6 in,, usually 4-6 in a whorl, much narrowed at both ends, ciliate-serrate. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2-00 -flowered, bracts subulate. Flowers : in. diam., crimson, perianth subrotate; standard suborbicular-oblong; wings deeply 2-lobed, terminal lobe elongate, dimidiate-oblong ; lip boat-shaped ; spur $—1 in., nearly straight or with an incuryed tip, very slender indeed. Capsule erect or inclined (oblong obtusely 5-angled, Wight). 33. I. Goughii, Wight Iii, i. 160; Jc. t. 1603; small, slender, quite glabrous, leaves mostly opposite petioled ovate crenate-serrate, peduncles capillary viscid exceeding the leaves 4-6-flowered, flowers minute, standard obovate retuse, wings 2-lobed, lobes short truncate and retuse, lip boat- shaped with a straight spur shorter than the flower. H, f.é& 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 130, I. pulniensis, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 176, I. anamal- layensis, Bedd. in Madr, Journ N.s. iv. 68, t.7, f.8; Ic. Pl Ind. Or. 30, t. 150. I. circewoides, Z'urcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp, Nat. Mose, 1863, i. 594. Mountains of Mazasar and Travancor; Nilghiri Mts. at Pycarrah, Gough; Anamallay and Pulney Mts. by streams, alt. 7-8000 ft., Beddome. : Avery slender glabrous simple or branched annual, 4-8 in. high, supporting itself amongst herbage (Wight). Leaves §-§ in., petiole half as long or longer, subacute, base rounded, nerves few, serratures not ciliate ; stipules obsolete. Peduncles terminal, often numerous. lowers $-} im. diam, 4-8, umbelled, pink; bracts minute, seta- cous; sepals minute, falcate; standard mucronate in the retuse apex; wings with very variable lobes, the lower 2-lobed according to Beddome; spur shorter than the flower. Capsule 7 in., ereet, ellipsoid, acute at both ends. Seeds few, clothed with hairs.—Beddome (Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 32) identifies his I. viscosa with Goughii; but his specimens of J anamallayensis are certainly identical with Goughii, and viscosa appears tu me to be ad fferent plant, with a long spur; his figure of anamallayensis represeuta a coarser plant than his specimen, with very hairy upper surface of the leaves, which, however, he describes as having but few distant hairs: he further describes it in his Icones (not in the Madr. Jour.) as having a ligulate appendage to the wings, which is Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 453 hidden in the spur. The wings are dagaed very variable: the drawing in Beddome’s Icones does not resemble that in the Madr. Journal (and neither aro like Wight’s figure); there is a short subulate process on their inner margin, close above the spur, which may descend into it. : 34, I. viscosa, Bedd.in Madr, Journ. w.8, iv. 68, t. 7, £.7; stem petioles and peduncles viscidly pubescent, leaves opposite long-petioled elliptic or ovate obtuse or acute subcrenate, peduncles exceeding the leaves 6-12- flowered, flowers minute umbelled, standard suborbicu ar, wings 2-lobed terminal lobe the largest clawed, lip conical, spur curved gibbous longer than the flower, seeds echinate, Anamallay hills in Maxazag, alt. 3500 ft., Beddome. Probably a variety of J. Goughii, from which it differs in the stem and branches and sometimes the leaves being viscid, the usually larger size, faint crenatures of the ‘leaves, longer spur, and (according to Beddome) the echinate ripe seeds which are matted with hair when young. The wings are, as usual, very variable, sometimes exactly as in Wight’s figure of Goughii, and there is, as in that plant, a subulate process on their inner margin close to the base, which is hidden in the lip. 35. I. parvifolia, Bedd. in Madr. Journ, w.s, iv. 66, t.7, £1; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, 29, t. 142; glabrous, small, stem very slender branched, leaves alternate and opposite very small ovate coarsely crenate-serrate, peduncles axillary much longer than the leaves, flowers 3-5 very small racemose, standard subor-- bicular, wings with a large triangular terminal lobe, lip boat-shaped, spur short blunt, seeds villous, Matazar; on rocks at the top of the Akka Mts., alt. 8-8600 ft., Beddome. Much the smallest known species. Stem 3-6 in., apparently prostrate. Leaves $-in., opposite and alternate, sessile or petioled, the lower usually opposite and upper alter- ate. Peduncles very stout and long for the size of the plant, often 1-14 in., spreading, axillary, solitary ; bracts minute. JZowers 4 in. diam., pale pink with a crimson blotch on the wing; sepals falcate; standard small, vaulted; wings with a small upper and large terminal lobe ; lip greenish. Capsule apparently as in I. Goughii.—Description taken chiefly from Beddome. In the Kew specimens the peduncles are almost always fingle-flowered. 36. I. circwoides, Wall. Cat. 4772; small, glabrous, stem simple, leaves few opposite long-petioled broadly ovate subserrate, peduncle solitary filiform, flower subracemose, sepals orbicular acuminate, standard small, wings large, lip concave, spur very short. H. 7. & 2. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv, 130. TenasseniM, at Tavoy, Waillich ; Pecu, I‘Clelland. : - Stem very slender and quite simple, 4-6 in. Leaves 2-4 pairs, 2 by 1}-1} in., gla- rous, with a few scattered hairs on both surfaces, glaucous beneath, acute, serratures subciliate, nerves many slender; petiole very slender; stipules obscure, glandular. Pedunele shorter than the leaf; bracts small, ovate ; pedicels short. lowers about 3 in. diam., white?; sepals green; terminal lobe of wing long-clawed, pendulous. Capsule short.—The above is an imperfect description, the specimens being very in- different, i A Iv.—UNIFLOR#. * Spur much shorter than the flower or 0, sometimes longer in J. Bal- samina, and I, leptopoda, _87, I. Balsamina, Linn, ; pubescent or glabrate, leaves petioled nar- row-lanceolate acuminate deeply serrate, petiole glandular, flowers rose- coloured, sepals broad-ovate minute, standard orbicular retuse, wings very broad lateral lobe much rounded, terminal ‘sessile very large, lip small conoid, spur short or long and slender incurved, capsule tomentose. W. & 454 XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsamineew, Hook. f.) [Zimpatiens, A. Prodr. 135; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 130; 21, Lobbiana and salicifolia, Z'urcz. in Bull. Mose. 1859, i. 270, 271. Throughout tropical and subtropical Inpra and Ceyton.—Drsrae. Malay Islands and China. : . The common garden Balsam is a very variable plant in habit, pubescence, size and colour of flower, breadth of leaf, shape of lip, and length of spur, Capsule 3-din., ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, densely tomentose or woolly. Seeds globose; testa black, opaque, tubercled. Var. 1. vulgaris; tall, leaves broadly lanceolate, flowers large, spur short. J. Balsa- mina, Linn.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 651; Wall. Cat.4731. Balsamina hortensis, DC. Prodr. i. 685.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 52. 4 : Var. 2. coccinea; leaves narrow-lanceolate, flowers medium-sized, spur long and slender. I. Balsamina, Dulz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 44. I. coccinea, Wall. Cat. 4732 ; Bot. Mag. 1256. I. cornuta, Linn.; Wall. Cat. 4733. 1. longifolia, Wight in Wall. Cat. 4734. Balsamina coccinea and cornuta, DC. Prodr. i. 685-6. Vax. 3. arcuata; diffusely branched, leaves small narrow-lanceolate, flowers small, spur long slender arcuate. I. arcuata, Wall. Cat. 4785; W. & A. Prodr. 136.— Western Peninsula. ‘ Var. 4, macrantha; small, 4 in., leaves ovate-lanceolate, flower large, spur short.— Western Peninsula. Var. 5, micrantha; small, stem simple, leaves small ovate-lanceolate, flowers small, spur long slender.—Western Peninsula. Var. 6. rosea; tall, leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers rather small, lip saccate, spur short incurved. I. rosea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 27.—Western Himalaya. 38. I, scabriuscula, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 484; short, erect, branched, tomentose, leaves petioled lanceolate or obovate serrate, peduncles short, sepals minute, standard orbicular winged, wings 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped tomentose, spur 0. Wail. Oat. 4729, 4736, wn part; Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 322; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 29, t. 144; H.f.é 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 131. Mountains of Manasar, from the Southern Concan to Wynaad and Kurg, alt. 2-4000 ft. : Usually much branched from the base, 4-10 in. high. Leaves uniform, 1-2 in.; petiole hardly glandular, variable in length. Peduncles short, scabrid. Flowers in. diam., pink ; sepals, lip, and standard usually very hairy. Capsule 3 in. long, ellip- suid, mucronate, villous. Seeds few, globose ; testa opaque, dark brown, tubercled. 39. I. glandulifera, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 322; almost shrubby, leaves subterminal 4-8 in. glabrous ovate or elliptic-lancevlate acuminate serrulate, petiole very long glandular, flowers fascicled axillary and shortly pedicelled, sepals subulate, standard orbicular 2-lobed spurred behind, wings 2-lobed Tateral lobe small rounded, terminal broad half-obovate pendulous, lip saccate hairy, spur short minute. Thwaites Enum. 66; H. i. & T.im Journ, Linn, Soc. iv. 131. I. cornigera, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4623, not of Arnott. ; Central province of Cryton, alt. 4-6000 ft. Stem 2-3 ft., very robust. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, serratures very small ciliolate and setigerous ; petiole 1-3 in., usually with pedicelled glands. lowers rose- coloured, 14 in. long; pedicels pubesceut, short; standard with a large green spur behind; lip sometimes conoid and-almost glabrous; spur involute. Capsule unknown.. 40. I. macrophylla, Gardner in Bot. Mag. t. 4662; almost shrubby, stem very thick, leaves subterminal 6-16 in. usually pubescent beneath ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, petiole very long glandular, flowers mostly fascicled un the stem below the leaves shortly pedicelled, sepals wee Impatiens.) RXXI1, GRRANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 455 minute, standard small elliptic acuminate with a long beak, wings very small 2-lobed included in the lip, lip saccate, spur short involute. A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 132, I. glandulifera var.? Arn, in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 323. Mountains of Ceyton, alt. 5-7000 ft. Stem as thick as the thumb, 10-12 ft. high, naked below. Leaves very like those of I glandulifera, but even larger, and petioles as in it, with pedicelled glands. Flowers Zin. long, orange-red, quite glabrous, with a remarkably small beaked standard and wings. Capsule 4 in., very turgid, straight, beaked, quite glabrous. Seeds not ripe.— A noble species in habit and foliage. 41, I, repens, Moon Cat. 18; glabrous, creeping, diffusely branched, leaves long-petioled ovate cordate or reniform, pedicels very long, standard orbicular spurred behind, wing-lobes short broad, lip subconoid, spur short incurved. Wight Iii. i. 160, t. 61; Hook. Bot. Mag, t. 4404; Hf. & 7. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 132. Southern and Central parts of Ceyton, at no great elevation. Aslender creeping much branched and perfectly glabrous plant. Leaves 4-2 in. diam., acute; petiole 1 in. Flowers yellow, 2 in. diam. 'apsule and seeds un- known. 42, I. leptopoda, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 321; erect, branched, quite glabrous, slender, leaves long-petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate .crenate-serrate, pedicels long axillary subsolitary, flowers small, standard obcordate spurred at the back, wings 2-lobed broad hori- ; zontal, lip boat-shaped, spur long or short. Zhwartes Enum. 65; H.f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 132, I. brevicornu and I, gibbosa, Arn. l.c. Mountain woods of Ceruon, alt. 5-8000 ft. A-flaccid variable herb, 1-3 ft. high ; stem often prostrate and rooting at the base, sometimes almost woody below. eaves 1-3 in., membranous, sometimes ciliate to- wards the base, young usually puberulous, nerves many; petiole very variable in length, sometimes with stipitate glands. lowers about 4 in. diam. ; pedicels very slender; periauth rotate, rosy; sepals small, oblong-lanceolate ; lobes of wings subequal, flat’; spur sometimes # in., and very slender, at others reduced to a mere tubercle. Capsules 4-4:in., erect, ellipsoid, beaked. Seeds immature. ’ 43, I. truncata, Thwaites Enum. 66; weak, slender, diffusely branched, leaves 1-14 in. petioled ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate serrate sparsely pubescent above, pedicels 1-3 slender bracteate and small, flowers pubescent, standard orbicular cuspidate, wings unequally 2-lobed spreading, lip conoid, spur short curved. A. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc, iv. 133. Mountain woods of Ceyton, alt. 4-6000 ft. Reese, Closely allied to Z. leptopoda, and probably a variety of that plant, with diffuse stems and hairy leaves peduncle and flowers, but of which Thwaites enumerates a variety, subglabra, which is almost glabrous. Young capsules pilose, Thw. 44,1. pendula, Heyne in Wall. Cat. 4744; very small, erect, slender, branched, almost glabrous, leaves +-} in. petioled elliptic-ovate or subcor- date acute remotely serrate, pedicels solitary fruiting deflexed, flowers minute glabrous, standard spurred at the back, lip concave not spurred. W. & A, Prodr. 137; H.f. & T. in Journ, Linn, Soe, iv. 133. Mountains of Matazar, at Bababood, Heyne. ae : The specimens of this do not suffice for a good description; it is evidently closely allied to I. inconspicwa, tenella, and other species with minute flowers, opposite leaves and deflexed fruiting peduncles. Stem 4-6 in. ; branches with a faint line of pubescence 456 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [ Impatiens. é . on one side. eaves with few nerves. Pedicels shorter than the leaves, minutely pubescent. Flowers }in.diam. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. 45. I. mysorensis, Roth Nov. Plant. Sp. 164; stem very slender glabrous, leaves alternate petioled lanceolate acuminate remotely serrulate, pedicels 1-2 axillary, flowers very small, sepals minute, standard suborbi- cular gibbous at the back, terminal lobe of wing largest, lip boat-shaped, spur short straight, capsule tomentose. Wall. Cat. 4743 C; W.d A. Prodr. 137; H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 138. Balsamina mysorensis, DC. Prodr, i. 686. Mysore, Heyne. Stem 6-10 in. Leaves 14 in., quite glabrous. -Pedicels half the length of the leaves or less. Flowers red, about 4 in. diam.; spur about half the length of the lip, which is acuminate. Capsule unripe, 4 in. ellipsoid —A very obscure plant, belonging apparently to the section with (18) I. cnconspicua, but with leaves all alternate and a very tomentose capsule. Wight & Arnott, in the Prodromus quote Wight Cat. n. 979, under this species, but give no particulars, taking the description almost entirely from Roth. I find a good authentically named specimen in Rottler’s Herbarium, communi- cated by Heyne himself in 1801, and marked mysorensis, nobis, in Rottler’s hand- writing. : 46, I. Parishii, 1.7; glabrous, stem very thick and fleshy, leaves large long-petioled elliptic or ovate serrulate, pedicels solitary in the upper axils capillary, sepals very large orbicular-ovate, standard broadly orbicular, wings not lobed very obliquely trapezoid acute projecting forwards, lip small oblong concave with a basal gibbosity or very short spur. TrnassERiM ; on limestone rocks, near Moulmein, Parish. The Rev. Mr. Parish describes this very curious species as a “ biennial or perennial fleshy short-stemmed plant, 10-24 in. high, slightly branched, with large handsome flowers, which are single in the axils of the upper leaves;” and suggests the names for it of levis or levicaulis, which, not being significant in so glabrous a genus, 1 have ventured to replace by that of its excellent discoverer. It is described above partly from imperfect specimens communicated by himself and partly from his drawing. Stem as thick as the finger, short, smooth. Leaves 5-7 in., membranous, straight or oblique, base sometimes slightly cordate; nerves many, arched ; petiole 2-3 in., slender, sometimes 2-glandular at the top. lowers 2 in. long from tip of wing to that of standard, white with red streaks on the wings and lip; sepals 4-3 in., concave, acute; wings project- ing forward, the lateral lobes not distinct from the terminal, turned upward and falcate, the rest of the lobe triangular with straight inner edges and acute apex; lip very small, horizontal, the spur a gibbosity, green. Capsule unknown. 47. I. capillipes, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 135; very slender, glabrous, diffusely branched, leaves long-petidled lanceolate caudate- acuminate, crenate, pedicels 1-2 axillary capillary, flowers very small, sepals falcate, standard very long erect linear-oblong, wings short lobes rounded. acuminate, lip saccate, base rounded with a short slender spur. Trnasserim ; Moulmein, on limestone rocks, Lobb, Parish. Stem 6-10 in., branches long. Leaves 2-5 in., very narrow, flaccid, many-nerved, narrowed into the slender naked petiole. Pedicels 4-4 in., extraordinarily slender. Flowers white ? 4 in. from the top of the standard to the base of the spur; sepals linear, obtuse ; standard remarkably long, obtuse, concave; wings lobed to the middle, lateral lobe much the largest, sides rounded, acute, tips of both lobes pointed downwards. Cap- sule } in., trapezoid, acuminate, contracted at the base, like that of (87) I. racemulosa. Seeds unripe. ** Spur longer than the flower, (See I. Balsamina and leptopoda in *.) 48, I. Munronii, Wight Ill.i. 160; Ic, t. 1049; softly hairy, stem hard Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 457 flexuous branched, leaves towards the ends of the branches petioled elliptic acuminate serrulate, pedicels slender, sepals large as long as the wings, standard orbicular winged at the back, wings short 2-lobed to the middle, spur trumpet-shaped villous ending inalong stout incurved spur. Hf, & 7. ae eee Soc. iv. 133, I. eriantha, Turcz.in Bull. Soc. lmp. Nat, Mosc. 1859, i. 270, - Western Nizeuirs, at Sisparah, alt. 5-7000 ft., in shady places. - Suffruticose, 1-2 ft., stem terete, somewhat woody; branches spreading, nodose. Leaves 14-3 in., membranous, covered with soft scattered hairs on both surfaces, teeth small glandular, nerves faint ; petiole 4-2 in., hairy. Pedicels 3-14 in., hairy. Flowers (white and red, Beddome) about 3 in. long; sepals very large, acuminate; wings and (Wight) very small; spur hirsute. Ovary hairy. Capsule hairy. Seeds glabrous, ight, 49. I. dasysperma, Wight in Madr. Journ, v. 7. t. 2; Ic. t. 742; herbaceous, flaccid, erect, branched, leaves petioled elliptic or ovate acuminate crenate, petiole. often glandular, pedicel usually solitary slender, flowers rather small, sepals minute, standard obcordate, wings reading deeply 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur very long and slender. § Z. S&T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 134. Maxasar, in woods and plains, ascending to 3000 ft. Stem 1-2 ft., branches sometimes opposite. Leaves always alternate, 2-3 in., slightly hairy on the upper surface, glabrous beneath ; crenatures large, not setigerous ; petiole 4-2 in., sometimes with stipitate glands. Pedicels equalling or exceeding the petioles, very slender.” Flowers 4-3 in. diam.; standard cuspidate ; wings very diver- gent; lobes subequal, obovate, retuse; spur incurved, exceeding the flower, very hairy. Capsule } in., very obliquely ovoid, turgid, glabrous, pointed at both ends. Seeds sub- globose, hairy, numerous. 50, I. flaccida, Arn. in Hook, Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322; slender, erect sparingly branched, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate crenate, sepals ovate, standard broad 2-lobed, spurred behind, wings broad 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur long slender, capsule glabrous, seeds globose tubercled. Thwaites Enum. 65; Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 5276, and I. latifolia, t. 5625. I. bipartita, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 322 ? I. floribunda, Wight in Madr. Journ, v.7. I. bifida, Thunb. Prodr. Pl. Cap. 41. I. lati- folia, Moon Cat. 18. ~ Mountains of Matasar; forests of the Sivagherry hills, alt. 4000 ft., Wight; Certon, abundant to 3000 ft., Thwaites, &c. Stem 6-18 in., branched above. Leaves 2-5 in., membranous ; petiole with stalked glands or naked. Pedicels solitary or several. 'lowers rose-purple, 3-14 in. diam. ; wings very variable ; spur 14 in., very slender, sometimes 2-fid to the middle. Capsule din, ellipsoid, acuminate, quite glabrous. Seeds numerous, opaque, tuberculate with pale papillee.—So similar in most characters to J. latifolia, that it is difficult to separate these species in the Herbaria. J. flaccida is, however, a smaller plant, more slender, with never opposite leaves, and has globose pubescent seeds, very different from those of I latifolia. I have brought the alternate-leaved plants (J. latifolia, Bot. Mag. t. 5625, I. bipartita, Arn., I. floribunda, Wight, and J. bifida, Thunb.) to this, from J. latifolia, under which I had placed them before, because of their alternate leaves, though some or all may be alternate-leaved specimens of J. latifolia. The specimen of what I sup- pose to be this plant in the Linnean Herbarium has no name or habitat, and Thunberg has founded his J. bifida on it, because of its abnormally bifid spur, supposing it to have been a native of the Cape, where there is nothing at all like it. 51. 1. violeeflora, H. 7.; very slender, erect, glabrous, simple or sparingly branched, leaves petioled very membranous elliptic-lanceolate 458 XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens, acuminate crenate-serrulate, pedicels’ axillary solitary or few slender, sepals minute, standard broadly obcordate, wings 2-lobed spreading, lobes obovate lateral rounded terminal retuse or 2-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur very long straight and slender, capsule puberulous. I. flaccida, var. 8, H. f- & T.in Journ. Linn, Soc, iv. 134. * ; TenassErim, at Moulmein, Lobb. Very similar to J. flaccida, but the lobes of the wings are longer and narrower, the standard is obcordate and not spurred behind, and the capsule is smaller and puberulous. 52, I. pulcherrima, Dalz. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. 37; stout, succulent, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate, pedicels 2-3 erect, sepals 2-fid minute, standard orbicular notched or spurred at the back, wings very broad 2-fid, lip boat-shaped or conoid, gies long stout curved, capsule glabrous, seeds large obovate rugose. Hook, Bot. ae t.4615; H. f. & LT. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 1384; Dalz. d& Gibs, Bomb, or, 44, ‘ Warree jungle in the Sournern Concan, Dalzeil. Stem 14-2 ft., simple or branched. Leaves 3-5 in., flaccid, ciliate towards the base, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs above; petiole 1-3 in., naked or with stipitate glands. Pedicels 2-3 in., slender, spreading. lowers 14-2 in. diam., rose- or violet- purple ; wings spreading, flat, variable in shape; lip small; spur 2 in., rather stout, incurved. Capsule 4 in., very turgid. Seeds 2-8, subcompressed, testa very thick. aa very fine species, allied to Z. flaccida in the flowers, but the seeds are wholly ifferent. 53, I. Henslowiana, Arn. in Hook, Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 322; perennial ?, stem very stout almost shrubby nodose scarred, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate serrate acuminate hirsute, pedicels subsolitary erect, sepals large broad, standard orbicular or obovate, wings broad flat 2-partite, segments 2-lobed, lip small, spur very long incurved slender, capsule glabrous or pilose. Thwaites Enum, 65; H. f.& T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 135. I. albida, Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 7, t.1; Ic. t. 743. Mountains of Mauazar, clefts of rocks near Courtallum, alt. 2-7000 ft., Wight, &c. Cry.on, in the Central Province, alt. 4-6000 ft., on rocks. Stem 8-16 in., as thick as the thumb, woody, sometimes so closely covered with scars as to be nodose, simple or branched. Leaves 8-5 in., crowded at the ends of the thick branches, serratures fine or coarse, both surfaces usually hirsute, sometimes glabrate; petiole 4-3 in., naked or glandular. Pedicels 2-5 in., stout, glabrous or pubescent, flowers 1-2 in. diam., white or pale pink; sepals remarkably large, broadly ovate, acuminate; standard winged at the back (in Wight’s figure); wings with very broad, flat, semi-obovate lobes ; spur stout or slender, 1-14 in. Capsule 3-1 in., rather slender. Seeds not ripe.—The habit and large sepals and capsule are excellent characters of this plant. A v.—LATERIFLORZ. 54. ZI. bella, HW. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 138; diffuse, stem short densely pubescent creeping below, leaves broadly ovate or orbicular crenate, petiole slender, peduncle pubescent 1-9-flowered bracteate in the middle, flowers large yellow, sepals large ovate, standard orbicular-obovate gibbous or bluntly spurred at the back, terminal lobe of wing elongate obovate, lip conical saccate narrowed into a long incurved spur. Kuasia Mrs., in marshes at the Kala Pane, alt. 5000 ft., Grifith, &. A small species, 6-10 in., growing in loose tufts; stem rather stout, rooting much at the base, glandular and almost tomentose with crisped hairs. Leaves 1-8 in., some- Impatiens.) XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminew Hook. f.). 459 times lanceolate, obtuse acute or acuminate, many-nerved, often pubescent above; petiole 4-3 in., pubescent, rarely glandular. Peduncle stout, usually from a subterminal axil, curved, pubescent, most often 1-flowered, with bracts in the middle; pedicel short. flower 1 in. long without tke spur, orange- or golden-yellow, beautifully streaked with purple. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, acute at both ends, turgid, pubescent. Seeds sub- globose, papulose, puberulous, testa thick opaque A very distinct and beautiful little species. Var. major ; more robust, leaves 8-4 in., flowers 19 in. red quite glabrous.—“hasia, alt. 5-6000 ft. _ 55. E. latiflora, Hook. f. & Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 139 ; short, herbaceous, pubescent, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate-acuminate crenate, peduncle erect stout 2-3-flowered, bracts ovate acuminate, flowers large, sepals broad, standard orbicular winged at the back, terminal lobe of wings ee semi-ovate acute, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender. incurved. Subtropical forests of the Krasta Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft.; ? Srxxm Himaraya, alt. 2-4000 ft. (specimens imperfect) ; Buoran, at Duphla, Booth. Stem a foot high, branched or not, sometimes as thick as the little finger, remotely scarred. Leaves 3-7 in., sometimes narrowly lanceolate, glabrous except the nerves beneath, often ciliate towards the base, as is the puberulous petiole. Peduwnele solitary, stout, erect, 3-1 in.; bracts variable in position; pedicels stout. lowers 1-2 in. diam., pale rose or violet; sepals acute; lateral lobe of wings obovate, retuse, smaller than the usually acute terminal one, which is sometimes 1 in. long; standard retuse ; spur 1-24 in., acute. Capsule immature, probably like that of 1. pulchra. 56. I, pulehra, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 139; glabrous, stem short stout simple, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate ser- rate, peduncles stout erect 1-2-flowered, bracts lanceolate, flowers large, sepals broad, standard winged at the back, wings broad, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into the stout hooked spur. Shaded woods in the subtropical and temperate regions of Hasrern Nrpau and the Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft. Stem 4-10 in., erect, nodose at the scars, rarely divided. Leaves 2-4 in., glabrous on both surfaces, rather coriaceous, not or rarely ciliate; petiole stout, naked. Pedun- cles 1-2 in, few, stout, erect; pedicels often as stout and as long. lowers 2 in. long from the tip of the spur to that of the standard, pale rose-coloured or straw-coloured, streaked with red; sepals 4 in., green, acute; terminal lobe of wing semi-ovate obtuse ; lip very large ; spur sometimes spiral. Capsule 4-3 in., erect, narrowly ellipsvid-oblong, glabrous, subacute. Seeds many, immature, pubescent? 57. I. fruticosa, DC. Prodr. i. 687; shrubby, perennial, leaves elliptic acuminate many-nerved pubescent on both surfaces, petiole stout long, peduucles numerous 3~5-flowered, bracts linear, pedicels very lon slender, flowers large, sepals broad, standard orbicular 2-lobed, wings lobe spreading, lip trumpet-shaped, spur very stout long curved. W. & A. Prodr. 137; Wight Ic. t. 966; Wall. Cat. 4762; Hf. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. 140, are Mountains of Marasar and Travancor, common at 4-6000 ft. ‘An erect much branched shrub, 8 ft. high; branches glabrous, nodose at the scars. Leaves 3-5 in., sometimes almost silky beneath, ciliate and glandular towards the hyse, nerves stout ; petiole 2-3 in., often villous, naked or glandular. Peduneles 1-2 in.; pedicels often much, longer and exceeding the leaves. Flowers 14 in. broad; sepals acuminate; standard neither winged nor spurred; wing-lobes flat, subequal, divari- cating, oblong; spur 1-14 in. Capsule erect, 1 in., ellipsoid, narrowed at both ends, beaked. Seeds many, unripe, large, opaque, obovoid ; testa thick, pitted. 460 EXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Impatiens. A vi—EPiPaytic&. 58 I. Jerdoniw, Wight Ic. t. 1602; epiphytic, glabrous, stem tumid short stout prostrate, leaves few petioled elliptic acute serrate, peduncles short, pedicels 1-3 very long, bracts setaceous, sepals long lanceolate, standard small hooded, wings small 2-lobed, spur very large saccate ventri- cose wrinkled, spur short. horn-like or 0, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4739; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn, Soc. iv. 141. Mountains of Matazar, on trees at Sisparah, the Brahmagherrie and Palghat hills, alt. 38-5000 ft., Wight, &c. Stem 3-6 in., green or purple-brown, often as thick as the finger, rooting. Leaves 2-3 in., deep green, with glandular cilia at the base and on the top of the stout petiole, nerves few. Peduncles 1-3 in, green, stout ; pedicels sometimes 4 in., red. 'lowers 14-2 in. measured along the lip; sepals acuminate, green; standard yellow, orbicular, apiculate, narrowly winged at the back; wings yellow, almost included in the lip, lobes rounded overlapping ; lip bright red, laterally compressed—In flower closely allied to I. Walkert. I have seen no specimen of Beddome’s I. parasitica; his character of it accords with that of J. Jerdonie in all but the green colour of the standard and sepals, and the moniliform stem. I shall therefore provisionally add it to this as a variety. Var. ; stem moniliform, standard with a foliaceous crest and wings green.—l. para- sitica, Bedd. in Madr. Jour. iv. t. 7, f. 2; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 28, t. 140.—Anamallay hills, alt. 6-7000 ft., Beddome. 59, I. auriculata, Wight in Madr, Journ. v. 8, t.3; epiphytic, gla- brous, stem short prostrate internodes very tumid, leaves petioled elliptic acute, peduncle short, pedicels 1-3 erect very long, bracts ovate, sepals very large obliquely oblong pendulous red, standard small hooded, wings very small 2-lobed, lip very large saccate wrinkled, spur short thick. Mountains of Marazar and Travancor, alt. 5000 ft., on branches of trees, Wight, &c. A smaller plant than J. Jerdonie, with the internodes much swollen, sometimes as large as nuts, the stem appearing annulate in dried specimens. Leaves 1-2 in, obscurely crenulate, with but few glandular sete at the base. Pedicels 1-1} in. Flowers 1 in. measured along the lip; sepals very remarkable, pendulous, acute, much exceeding the wings, and sometimes as long as the lip, scarlet; standard dark green; wings dark purple, the segments cochleate and overlapping; lip scarlet, laterally compressed ; spur very variable. Capsule unknown.—'Lhe sepals of this species are wholly different from any other in the genus, and hang down like a spaniel’s ears. 60, I. viridiflora, Wight in Madr. Journ. v.93; erect, glabrous, epi- phytic, stem short extremely thick, branches few short nodose, leaves petioled elliptic acute crenate-serrate, peduncles short, pedicels 1-2 slender, sepals linear, standard orbicular 2-lobed back strongly keeled, lip saccate narrowed into a stout involute spur. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 29, t. 141. Mountains of Matasar; forming masses on the trunks of trees at the Sivagherry ghat, alt. 5000 ft., Wight. Stem often 1 in. diam., fleshy, Leaves 14-2 in., sometimes obovate or lanceolate, with very few glandular cilia at the base, rather fleshy, crenatures large ; petiole stout. Peduncle }-4 in., usually 2-flowered; bracts subulate. lowers 1 in. measured along the lip, wholly green; sepals reflexed or deflexed, acuminate; standard small, deeply hooded ; wings fleshy, 2-lobed, lateral lobes hid under the standard, terminal oblong rounded ; lip wrinkled, laterally compressed. Capsule glabrous. Impatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 461 A vi.—UMBELLATA# AND Suscaritat#. (See I. Goughii, trilobata, and others in A u1, Z. Zangache and others in A vu.) * Spur very slender, as long as or exceeding the flower. 61. £. fimbriata, Hook, Exot. Flor. ii. t. 146; glabrous, stem erect subsimple, leaves opposite and alternate long-petioled ovate-lanceolate acuminate subserrulate, peduncle terminal long erect bearing at the top a subcapitate crowded raceme clothed with recurved ciliate bracts. I. brac- teata, Coleb. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 459 ; Wall. Cat. 4760; Hf. é 7. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 142. Marshes in the Kuasia Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., abundant. Stem 1-2 ft., simple or branched, succulent. Leaves 2-5 in., apposite alternate and whorled sometimes on the same, specimen, flaccid, ciliate or not at the base; petiole 3-2 in.; stipules 0. Peduncle 2-6 in., strict, absolutely terminal in all the specimens, with sometimes an axillary one, naked; raceme 4-2 in., oblong or globose, very dense and covered with crinite-green slender recurved bracts, which are $4 in. long, clothed with long pink hairs and conceal the bases of the capillary pedicels. Flowers rose-purple, $ in. diam. ; sepals small, lanceolate ; standard small, ovate, with a recurved point ; lateral wing-lobes small, rounded, terminal semi-ovate large broad clawed; lip boat-shaped ; spur $ in., very long, slender, incurved. Capsule § in., ellipsoid, acute at both ends, turgid, glabrous. Seeds few, obovate, compressed, very hairy.—The Flora Exotica name having a year’s priority over Colebrooke’s, I am compelled to adopt it. 62. I. janthina, Thwaites Enum. 68; small, glabrous, stem simple 1-4-leaved, leaves opposite broad-elliptic or orbicular acuminate subserrate, peduncle terminal erect, flowers umbelled, bracts oblong, sepals broadly cordate, standard hooded, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate narrowed into the involute spur. Hf. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 142. Cryton; Hinidoon and Pasdoon Corles, at no great elevation, Thwaites. Whole plant, 4-10 in.; stem sometimes very thick and succulent. Leaves 2-5 in., base rounded or subacute, not ciliate, sometimes oblique, very membranous ; petiole 4-2 in.; stipules 0. Peduncle erect, 3-5 in., very slender ; umbel terminal, 3-5-flowered, with sometimes a small lateral one; pedicels 4-1 in.; bracts broad, green, obtuse. Flowers 4-3 in diam., violet; standard not winged, very coucave ; lateral lobe of wings rounded, obtuse, terminal acute. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid, subacute, glabrous, many- acai very curious species, quite unlike any other, Lut allied to the preceding and ollowing. . 63. I, umbellata, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii, 464; small, glabrous, stem simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded petioled broad- ovate or elliptic obtuse or acute crenate, peduncles subterminal erect 1-w -flowered, sepals broad-ovate, standard orbicular, wings spreading lobes obtuse, lip small buat-shaped, spur lung slender incurved. Wall. Cat. 4759 ; W.& A. Prodr. 137; Wight in Madr. Journ. v. 9, t. 4; Ic. t. 745; Hf. & TP. in Journ, Linn, Soc, iv. 143. Mountains of Mazazar, in Tinnevelly near Courtallum only, Wight. Stem 4-8 in., very rarely branched, naked below. eaves 1-2 in., sometimes orbi- cular, membranous, crenatures ciliate, base ciliate or not ; petiole very variable, 4-14 in. Peduncle and pedicels stout ; bracts small, green. lowers } in. diam.; standard not spurred; wings with subequal lobes; epi 1 in., Saas Capsule } in., ellipsoid, turgid, glabrous. Seeds echinate (Wight).—Wight describes the root as tuberous, which is [ think an error; it is fibrous and annual in his specimens. 64, I. subcordata, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot, Mag. i. 323; glabrous, stem prostrate and rooting at the base stout, leaves long-petioled ovate or 462 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [mpatiens. lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate base rounded or cordate, peduncles short 4-8-flowered, flowers umbelled or shortly racemed, sepals large ovate, standard orbicular not spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very large and broad, lip small, spur long slender incurved. Thwaites Enum. 67; Hf. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 144. Central province of Ceyion; alt. 3-6000 ft., Walker, &c. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, sometimes much diffusely branched, smooth or scarred. Leaves very variable, 1-3 in.; crenatures large, ciliate or not; petioles 3-2 in., eglandular. feduncles 2-4 in., axillary and subterminal; bracts { in., ovate-lanceolate, acute, Flowers 4-3 in. diam., white with red sepals and standard ; spur 4-1 in., slender, in- curved. Capsule in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds subglobose, hairy. 65. I. visecida, Wight in Madr. Journ. v.12; Ic.t. 746; tall, slender, stem rigid angled rooting below hairy above, leaves petioled elliptic- lanceolate serrate firm, peduncles axillary very long viscid 3—--flowered, flowers umbelled or in short racemes, pedicels viscid, sepals suborbicular equalling the small standard, terminal lobe of wings large suborbicular, lip small boat-shaped, spur long strong incurved. A. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 144. Pulney Mts. in the Sournern Carnatic, alt. 5500 ft., in beds of rivers, Wight. Stem 2-2 ft., simple or sparingly branched, leafy all the way up, very rigid for the genus. Leaves 2-3 in., pubescent beneath on the midrib and numerous strong nerves, not ciliate, teeth glandular; petiole 4-14 in. Peduneles 2-4 in., rigid, erect, terete; bracts ovate-lanceolate; pedicels short, often hairy. Flowers 3 in. diam., pink; sepals acuminate, almost as large as the orbicular acuminate standard; wings with spreading lobes, lateral short faleate, terminal twice as large hatchet-shaped, tip rounded ; spur stout towards the base, slender on to the tip. Capsule 3 in, ellipsoid, beaked, ventri- cose, glabrous. Seeds numerous, globose, hairy.—Pedicels more or less hairy and viscid. 66. I. cordata, Wight im Madr. Journ. v.10; glabrous, flaccid, stem prostrate and rooting below, leaves long-petioled ovate-cordate acumi- nate obscurely crenate, peduncle subterminal and axillary 3-4-flowered flowers umbelled, pedicels glabrous, sepals large ovate acuminate, standar cuneate emarginate, lateral lobes of wings small incurved, terminal large broad spreading, lip boat-shaped, spur long siender incurved. Sivaghecry Ghats, on the Manasar Mounrains, Wight; Anamallay Mts., alt. 38-5000 ft.; Travancor, Beddome. Stem 6-12 in., apparently succulent. Leaves 2-3 in., yery membranous, crenatures with minute cilia, base ciliate or not, nerves slender, with scattered hairs on both sur- faces; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 2-4 in.; bracts broadly ovate, 4 in., green; pedicels short. Flowers 1 in. diam., lilac with a purple centre; sepals almost, equalling the standard ; lateral lobes of wings fleshy, forming a vault over the stamens; terminal almost orbicular; spur in. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds unripe. 67. I. acuminata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4754; shrubby, glabrous, stem simple stout, leaves crowded upwards petioled lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles axillary stout, flowers umbelled or racemed, bracts broad, sepals large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular, wings 2-partite, lip boat-shaped narrowed into the slender incurved spur. H. f. & I. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, 145. , Wet rocks in the Kuasra Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft. Root perennial? Stem 6-14 in., naked below, almost invariably simple. Leaves 8-5 in., often caudate-acuminate, rather thick, crenatures minutely setigerous, not ciliate at the base; petiole 4-1 in., naked.. Peduncles 1-1} in.; bracts 4-} in. obtuse ar-acute, concave, green ; pedicels 3-1 in., erect. Flowers about 1 in, diam., pale-red; Impatiens.| | XXXII. GERANIACER. 6 Balsaminez, Hook. f.) 463 sepals broad, very oblique, acuminate; standard not winged or spurred ; lateral wing- lobes reniform, incumbent on the much larger triangular terminal one, lower margin of wing with an inflexed auricle; lip almost conical. Capsule 4 in., short, erect, ellip- soid, subacute. Seeds many, minute, woolly. 68. I. Hookeriana, Arn, in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i, 324; shrubby, glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate crenate-serrate thick, petiole long with 2 large glands, flowers 4-6 sub- umbelled long pedicelled, sepals small lanceolate, standard transversely oblong spurred at the back, wing-lobes large broad rounded, lip small continuous with the long curved stout spur. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4704; Thwaites Enum. 66; H.f.& T.in Journ Linn. Soc, iv. 145. I. biglandulosa, Moon Cat. 18. : . Central Province of Cryton, alt. 3-5000 ft. A shrub, 4-5 ft., with very stout stem and often scarred branches as thick as the finger. Leaves 4-8 in., crenatures with a bristle; petiole 1-4 in., stout, with 2 large opposite glands above the middle (usually at the top). Pedunele 3-4 in., erect, very robust; bracts small, caducous; pedicels very slender. lowers 2 in. diam., white or with the wings streaked with blood-red ; standard very large ; wings spreading, lateral lobes oblong, terminal much larger, notched towards the tip; spur and lip 14-24 in. Capsule 4-3 in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous, obtuse. Seeds many, young pubescent.— This, though closely allied to I. grandis, seems to differ in the much smaller sepals, as well as in the shape of the wings, lip, and spur. 69. I. grandis, Heyne in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey, ii. 464; shrubby, glabrous, stem and branches robust, leaves elliptic acute or acuminate crenate-serrate thick, flowers 4-6 subumbelled long-pedicelled, sepals large broad-ovate, standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes obovate terminal cuneate notched, lip saccate obtuse or prolonged into avery stout conoidal straight spur. Wight in Madr. Jour. v.10, t.5; W.& A. Prodr. 1387; Arn. in Hook. jomp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, 31,t. 153; A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 145. Mountains of Manapar and TinneveELLY, alt. 1-4000 ft., Wight, &c. Shrubby, 8 ft. high, habit, foliage, and inflorescence of I. biglandulosa, and with the same coloured flower, but the sepals are three times as large, the standard more orbi- cular, the wing-lobes much narrower, and the lip ends in a sac or very stout conoidal straight spur. ** Spur shorter than the flower or 0. (See I. grandis and biglandulosa an *), . 70, Z. campanulata, Wight in Madr, Jour. v. 11, t.73 Le. t. 744; herbaceous, robust, glabrous, sparingly branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate crenate glaucous beneath, peduncle stout, flowers 3 umbelled, bracts very large deciduous, sepals very large and broad ovate, standard orbicular keeled at the back, wing-lobes small in. eurved, lip smooth boat-shaped, spur very short. H.f. & 7. in Journ, Linn. Soe, iv..145, ; Mountains of the Sovrnern Carnatic, alt. 5-7000 ft., in moist woods, Wight. Stem: 4-5 ft., as thick as the finger. Leaves 3-6 in., membranous, crenatures ciliate, base usually 2-glandular ; petiole 1-2 in. eglandular. Peduncle 2-3 in., very stout, erect; bracts 4 in., ovate-lanceolate, subfoliaceous ; pedicels short. 2'lowers campanu- late, white and yellow speckled with purple ; sepals perhaps the largest of the genus, acuminate ; standard apiculate; wings concave and pointing forwards, lateral lobe small, dbovate, overlapping the larger hatchet-shaped protruded terminal one. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid, pointed at both ends, glabrous. Seeds globose, echinulate. ' : j 464 XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (5 Balsaminez, Hook. f.) [Jmpatiens. 71. I, leucantha, Thwaites Enum. 67; glabrous, stem erect simple rarely forked, leaves in 1 whorl or fascicled rarely opposite shortly petioled lanceolate acuminate serrulate, peduncles several long erect, flowers in a short terminal raceme, bracts ovate-lanceolate, sepals ovate-oblong acute, standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings small lanceolate, terminal large 3-lobed, lip boat-shaped, spur short straight. Cxxton; at Hinidoon and Kittool Galle, Thwaites. Stem 5-10 in., naked below, succulent. Leaves 6-10 in the fascicle, of unequal sizes, 3-6 in., serratures acute, base often ciliate; petiole 44 in. Peduncles many, longer or shorter than the leaves, many-flowered; pedicels capillary, spreading, 4-1 in.; bracts green, concave. Flowers white, 4 in. diam. ; standard not winged; wings with tbe ee rounded; spur 4 in. Capsules 4 in., unripe, erect, ellipsoid, glabrous, aked. 72, %. linearis, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; stem short stout simple, leaves crowded upwards subsessile linear-lanceolate acute sub- serrate, peduncles solitary or 2 stout erect, flowers very shortiy umbelled, bracts ovate, sepals short ovate, standard short spurred at the back, terminal lobe of wings large obovate clawed, lip concave, spur very short. H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 143. Adam’s Peak, Ceyuon, alt. 4-6000 ft., Walker, &c. Erect, glabrous; stem stout, scarred. Leaves many, 1-3 in., all crowded at the top of the stem, rather thick, base not ciliate. Peduncle 1-2 in., very stout ; bracts 2 in., green, spreading, acuminate, concave; pedicels slender, spreading. Flowers 4 in. diam.; wings largé; spur @ mere point. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid, very turgid, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds many, very sinall, pubescent. Var. petioluta; leaves rather broadly petioled with scattered short hairs on the upper surface. 73. I. appendiculata, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; small, glabrous or pubescent, stem slender, leaves solitary few or many petioled ovate elliptic or lanceolate acute serrulate, peduncles long solitary or few, flowers umbelled or very shortly racemed, bracts broad-ovate or lanceolate, sepals ovate or oblong, standard hooded, lateral lobe of wings lanceolate caudate, terminal large clawed 4-cordate, lip boat-shaped, spur very short. Thwaites Enum. 67. Southern and Central parts of Cryton, alt. 2-5000 ft. Very variable, both in habit and foliage. Stem -simple, rarely branched, naked below, usually leafy above, with the leaves 1-14 in. broad, long-petioled and almost glabrous above; other specimens have 4 similar but pubescent leaves in a whorl, others 1, 2, 3, or a few lanceolate acuminate leaves, 4 in. long. Leaves membranous usually ciliate towards the base. Pedumele often solitary, subterminal and longer than the leaves, with an umbel or very short raceme of 4-8 Howers; bracts 7 in. concave, acuminate, green; pedicels slender, spreading. lowers about } in. Jong, white or pale rose-colour; standard streaked transversely with red.—Thwaites de- scribes the lateral lobes of wings as small lanceolate long-caudate, the terminal as larger 4-cordate and acuminate; the spur is sometimes reduced to a mere pt Capsule 4in., ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, many-seeded. Seeds immature, oblong, airy 74, X. travancorica, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 29, t.142; small, stem simple stout leafy at the top, leaves crowded small petioled elliptic sub- acute crenate, peduncles 1-3 subterminal erect 2~4-flowered, bracts lan- ceolate, flowers umbelled small, sepals obliquely ovate, standard small oe uaa lobe of wings large sessile, lip boat-shaped, spur short obtuse or 0. Impatiens. XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 465 Mountains of Travancor; Myhendra and Aghasteer, alt. 4-5000 ft., Beddome. Stem strict, 6-8 in., naked below. Leaves 3 in., rather thick, ciliated in the crena- tures; petiole slender, often as long as the blade. Peduneles 1-2 in.; bracts green, subulate-lanceolate, spreading. F'lowers 4 in. diam., white streaked with red, very membrane sepals oblique, acuminate; lateral lobe of wings small. Capsule un- nown. 75. I. uncinata, Wight in Madr. Journ, v. 11, t. 6; Te. t. 747; slender, elect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate-cordate crenate, peduncles slender 4-8-fld., flowers small subumbelled or shortly racemed, sepals very large obliquely ovate, standard small elliptic, wings divaricating, terminal lobe obovate falcate, lip subcampanulate, spur short, inflated hooked. #.f. &7', in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 144. Mountains of the Soursern Carnatic, in dense shaded jungles near Courtallum, alt, 2-3000 ft., Wight. Stem 6-10 in., sparingly branched, leafv. Leaves 2-4 in., very membranous, ciliate often at the base, crenatures large, minutely ciliate; petiole 1-8 in., rather slender. Peduncle shorter than the leaves; bracts small, rather persistent; pedicels 4-1 in. Flowers 3 in. diam.; sepals very large for the size of the plant; standard pointed ; lateral wing-lobes oblong, pointed forward, terminal protruded, rather hatchet-shaped; lip shortly campanulate ; spur constricted at the insertion, inflated below it, with a more slender upcurved tip. Capsule 4 in., ellipsoid, beaked, turgid, glabrous. Seeds few, unripe, apparently orbicular and glabrous. 76. I. elegans, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 29, t. 145; stout, glabrous, stem erect stout simple or branched, leaves long-petioled ovate or ovate- cordate acuminate crenate, peduncles slender axillary and terminal erect, flowers 3-5 umbelled or shortly racemed, bracts larze ovate-lanceolate, sepals ovate, standard small orbieular-ovate, lateral wing-lobes small rounded arched over the stamens, terminal very large obliquely ovate acute, lip very small boat-shaped, spur 0. Anamallay hills, in Travancor, alt. 2500-5000 ft., common, Beddome. . Stem 6-12 in., simple or branched, often rooting at the joints. Leav:s 2-4 in., very membranous, crenatures minutely ciliate; petiole 1-3 in. Peduneles 1-3 in.; bracts 3 in., usually recurved, whorled ; pedicels capillary, spreading. lowers 1 in. across the wings, pale rose colour with a purple eye, those from the highest localities the largest ; standard apiculate flat with a green dorsal ridge ; terminal wing-lobe sessile, tip obtuse entire, inner margin obscurely retuse towards the tip. Capsule } iu., ellipsoid, beaked, turgid in the middle, glabrous. Seeds hairy, subglobose—In many respects near . J, cordata, in which the side lobes of the wings are also incurved. A vi.—Racemosz. * Spur long and slender. 77. L, maculata, Wight in Madr. Journ. v.12; tall, slender, branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate hairy above and beneath, peduncles and very long lax racemes much exceeding the leaves, pedicels horizontal, sepals large broad, standard small, lateral lobes of wings minute terminal very large, lip conoid, spur very long slender. Af. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe. iv. 149. ; Mountain streams in Matasar; Sivaghery hills, alt. 4-7000 ft., Wight. Stem 5-6 ft.; branches and petioles laxly hairy, or glabrate. Leav-s 3-5 in., mem- branons, often 2-glandular at the base, serratures not tipped with a bristle; petiole 1-2 in., sometimes with 2 or more long stipitate glands. Raceme and stiff peduncle together 6-12 in., quite erect; bracts ovate, persistent ; pedicels lin. lower nearly lin. long; sepals and orbicular standard acuminate ; terminal wing-lobe suborbicular, lateral hid under the standard; spur twice as long as the fluwer, curved up. Capsule VOL. I. ae HH 466 XXXI]. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [mpatiens, } in,, ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds suborbicular. pustular, and shortly hairy,— The glands of the leaf-base and petiole are sometimes spirally involute. 78, ZT. elongata, Arn. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324; tall, stout, glabrous, simple or branched, leaves stout-petioled elliptic acuminate serrate thick, peduncles far exceeding the leaves very stout, racemes lax, pedicels horizontal, sepals rather large ovate, standard small, lateral lobes of wings small, terminal large, lip small, spur long very slender. Thwattes Enum. 67; H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv, 150. Adam’s Peak in Czyton, alt. 83-4000 ft. Apparently about 3 ft. high; stem woody below, straight or flexuous and scarred above. Leaves 2-3 in.; serratures gland-tipped. Feduncle very lax; raceme 4-10 in, stout; bracts ovate, acuminate, persistent; pedicels 1-12 in., horizontal, thi: kened up- wards. Flower 1 in. long, red; sepals acuminate, the small dorsally spurred standard about equalling the lateral lobes of the wings ; terminal lobe oblique; spur 14 in., tip thickened. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid, beaked, glabrous. 79, Z. cornigera, Arn. in Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 323; quite glabrous, stem simple rather stout, leaves (rarely oppusite) petioled elliptic-lanceolate acute or acuminate crenate, peduncles subterminal slender erect, racemes short lax, pedicels capillary, sepals small ovate, standard oblong acuminate, lateral wing-lobes minute, terminal subquadrate with a broad claw, spur long or short rather stout circinate at the tip. Thwaites Enum. 67; Hf. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv, 150, Warmer parts of Ceyton, in damp woods. Stem 6-24 in, stout or slender, usually the former, often naked below and very leafy above. Leaves very variable, 3-6 in., sometimes variegated with white along the mid- rib, rarely serrate, crenatures ciliate; petiole 4-1 in. Peduneles erect, longer or shorter than the leaves; raceme 1-2 in.; bracts small, ovate, acute; pedicels 1 in., horizontal. 2owers 1 in. long, yellow, variegated with green or pale rose; standard concave, orbicular when spread out; terminal lobe of wings with concave sides and broad oblique notched apex; spur very variable, sometimes inflated below. Capsule qi ellipsoid, turgid, beaked, glabrous. Seeds few, orbicular, compressed, shining.— he shining smooth compressed seeds ally this to 1. Klciniz, &c. 80. I. Arnottii, Fhwaites Enum. 67; quite glabrous, stem simple rather slender, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenulate sparsely hairy above, peduncles strict subterminal, flowers few and shortly racemed or subumbelled, sepals small cordate, standard small, lateral wing-lobes small, terminal large clawed semicircular, lip small, spur slender incurved. Central Province of Cryton, alt. 1-3000 ft., rare, Thwatles. Very similar to J. cornigera, but more slender, racemes shorter or flowers sometimes umbelled, red-purple, tinged yellow in the centre, and with very differently shaped ter- minal wing-lobes which are notched at the apex on onc side.—The base of the stem in this and ils allies seems to form a perennial tuber. : 81. I. phoenicea, Bedd. in Madr. Journ. iii. 175; Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 148; suffruticose, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled lanceolate, narrowed at both ends serrate, peduncles axillary as long as the leaves racemose, bracts cordate, raceme few-flowered, sepals ovate, standard broad ovate, wings small, lateral lobe cordate overlapping the much larger oblong terminal one, lip with spur trumpet-shaped incurved. Pulney hills in the Soursern Carnatic, alt..6-7000 ft., Beddome. Apparently a slender ey branched herb, quite glabrous, Leaves 3-4 in., mem- branous, serratures with rather long cilia; petiole 4-1 in., naked, Peduncles axillary, Impatiens.] XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminex, Hook. f.) 467 slender, erect ; bracts 2 in., persistent ; pedicels 4-1 in., slender.. Flowers 4-14, 1 in. long, campanulate, brilliant scarlet, yellow in the centre; standard vaulted, dorsally = ed; tip of spur swollen.—Major Beddome regards this as allied to I. Walkeri, of eylon. 82. T. Tangachee, Bedd. Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 147; glabrous, stem stout short subprocumbent, leaves obscurely whorled subsessile narrowly elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles exceeding the leaves very stout erect, flowers subumbelled or racemed, pedicels erect, sepals oblong, standard short broad, lateral wing-lobes truncate terminal broadly cuneate, lip small boat-shaped, spur slender incurved. - Anamallay hills in Travancor, alt. 4000 ft. and upwards, in river-beds, Beddome ; Bolemputty, Wight. : ; A short simple or forked herb, 6-10 in. Stem naked and rooting below. Leaves 2-3 in.; glabrous on both surfaces, thick, nerves few slender. Peduncles very stout, 14-24 in.; bracts } in., coriaceous; pedicels 4-14 in., stout, thickened upwards, Flowers 4-8, 1-14 in., bright rose; spur stout, straight or hooked, terminal wing-lobe with a broadly truncate and crose apex; spur lin, straight or incurved. Capsule 4 in., gibbous, glabrous. Seeds many, very small. 83. I. leptura, /Took. f. ; quite glabrous, branches slender, leaves long- petioled elliptic acuminate crenate membranous, peduncles axillary slender 2-3-fld, bracts deciduous, sepals broad ovate very oblique, standard small vaulted, lateral wing-lobes small rounded, terminal very large suborbicular, lip small saccate, spur long very slender incurved. Anamallay hills, in Mauasar, alt. 4500-5500 ft., Beddome. Leaves 4-6 in., very membranous, with or without gland-tipped bristles at the base, crenatures ciliate; petiole 1-3 in., slender. -Pedumcles shorter than the leaves: bracts ovate, small; pedicels 4-1 in. lowers 1 in. across the broad flat wings; standard quite small, not winged or spurred dorsally; lateral wing-lobes very small, concave, overlapping the very large terminal ones which are quite entire; spur 1-14 in., flexuous,, turned to one side. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, beaked, turged in the middle, glabrous. Seeds many, orbicular, young pilose, probably large—I have only fragments of this very distinct species, which is labelled Z. cordata? by Major Beddome. ** Spur short, or 0. (See also I. cornigera). 84. I. Wightiana, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. p. 30, t. 146; suffruticose, erect, glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate, petiole with many stipitate glands, peduncles slender shorter than the leaves, bracts ovate, racemes lax, pedicels capillary, sepals small, standard small orbicular ovate apiculate, lateral wing-lobes small spreading, terminal very large long oblong obtuse, lip funnel-shaped, spur short incurved. Moist forests in the Anamallay hills, Travancor, alt. 83-4500 ft., Beddome. Leaves 5-6 in., with a few scattered hairs above on the nerves, membranous, lineolate between the nerves ; petiole 14-2} in., slender. Pedumncles flowering almost through- out their length; bracts very small; pedicels spreading in fruit. Flowers 1-1} in. long, white mottled with pink ; standard with a green dorsal ridge; upper wing-lobe oblong, pointing forwards, terminal narrow, obtuse ; spur very short, hooked. Capsule yin, trapezoid, glabrous. Seeds about 5, globose, hairy. 85. I. Walkeri, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 324, t, 18; tall, erect, quite glabrous, leaves very long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrulate, peduncles stout erect, flowers 6-8, bracts broadly ovate, pedicels slender erect, sepals small ovate-cordate, wings small 2-partite, lip elongate serrate ventricose incurved laterally compressed, spur very short incurved. Bot. Mag. t, 5237. 5 HH 468 XXXII, GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) | Zmpatiens. Central Provinces of Ceytoy, alt. 4-6000 ft. : Root tuberous, perennial. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, simple or branched. Leaves 14-4 in., thick, serratures ciliate, petiole 4-1 in. Peduncles stout, erect; racemes 4-8-flowered ; bracts small, persistent; pedicels slender, erect, spreading in fruit. Flowers 3-1 in., scarlet, rarely yellow; sepals small, ovate; standard very small, hooded; wings very small, lateral lobes rounded, almost hidden under the standard ; terminal lobes orbi- cular protruded, notched on the inner margin towards the rounded end ; lip very large, walls undulate; spur slender, hooked, swollen at the tip. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid, gib- bous, glabrous. Seeds unknown. 86, I. tavoyana, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4773; short, quite glabrons, stem stout succulent, leaves petioled ovate acuminate subserrate base with long cilia, peduncles subterminal erect slender, flowers small in short racemes, bracts minute, pedicels spreading capillary, sepals narrow, standard small oblong concave spurred at the tip, terminal wing-lobes very long- clawed pendulous oblong?, lip boat-shaped with a gibbosity or short slender spur, a L&T. in Journ. Linn, Soc, iv. 146. I, lineata, Turce. in Bull. ‘oc. Nat, Mosc, 1859, i. 271. Tenassermm at Moulmein, Lobb. Annual. Stem 4-10 in., simple or branched. Leaves 2-3 in., very membranous, serratures ciliate, hairs at the base not glandular; petiole $-1 in. Peduneles 1-3 in., erect or spreading; raceme terminal, 8-14-flowered; bracts setaceous, persistent, pedi- cels4-1in, Flowers 4 in. long, white ? with purple streaks on the lip; sepals variable in shape, usually linear ; standard with a green spur at the tip; claw of wings } in. long, very narrow, strap-shaped, blade shorter than the claw, obovate-cuneate, with a callous auricle at the base; lip large for the plant, very concave, acuminate; spur sometimes as long as the lip, and turned up along its base. Capsule 4 in.; trapezoid, acutely beaked, glabrous. Seeds 2-3, oblong, compressed, opaque, glabrous.—An ex- ceedingly curious species, the long slender claws of the wings are unique in the genus. sa Bee of the wing itself, as described, I have not ascertained with sufficient confidence. 87. I. racemulosa, Wail. Cat. 7274; stem simple erect leafy, leaves ' long-petioled elliptic-ovate acute crenate-serrate, petiole eglandular, racemes flexuous axillary 6-8-flowered, bracts ovate, pedicels capillary, flowers 3 in., sepals obliquely ovate, standard small orbicular, terminal lobe of wings very large }-orbicular violet, lip boat-shaped, spur incurved slender. A. f. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soe, iv. 138, Kaasta Mrs., in marshes, alt. 4-5000 ft., Gomez, &c.; Baoran, Herb. Griffith. Stem 6-8 in., succulent, sometimes thick. Leaves 14-24 in., membranous, exstipu- late. Racemes 1-2 in., horizontal ; pedicels scattered, spreading, in. ; bracts J, in., coriaceous, persistent, glandular at the tip. Flowers 3 in. across the wings, of a deep fine violet colour; standard not spurred at the back ; lateral lobes of wings small; spur 4-3 in., obtuse, curved into a semicircle... Capsule short, 3 in., clavate, acute, glabrous... . Needs few, small—A very beautiful plant, allied to none. B. Capsule linear. ' B1—Oppositiroria and Verticrttata, (See J. tripetala in B 11.) 88. I. Roylei, Walp. Rep. i. 475 ; tall, robust, branches quite glabrous, leaves usually opposite and whorled lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate, stipules of seta, peduncles subterminal, flowers many umbelled or racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate very obtuse, spur short capsule clavate beaked cernuous. A. f. & 7. in Journ, Linn. Soc, iv. 127, I. glandulifera, Royle IU. 151, t. 28, f.2; Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 22; Hook, Bot, Mag. t. 4020, Impatiens.| | XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 469 - Temperate Western Himalaya; common from Nieau to Marr, alt. 6-8000 ft. A handsome often gigantic species, 4-10 ft., with the stem as thick ag the thumb, fleshy. Leaves very variable as to disposition, size, breadth, petiole, and cutting of the margin, base rounded or acnte; stipules of stout gland-tipped sete. Peduncles 2-5in., stout, straight, erect ; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Jowers usually pale red-purple, sometimes white; sepals 4-3 in., green. Capsule 3-3 in., clavate, or much narrowed towards the base, top abruptly beaked, glabrous, usually drooping, very turgid in the middle. Seeds large, broadly obovoid; testa opaque, spongy.—Very closely allied to I. longicornu, sulcata, and Thomsoni. Edgeworth considers that 1. moschata differs specifically in its musky odour, habit, and more deeply serrated leaves,—Seeds eatable raw,, tasting like nuts. Var. 1; leaves crenate-serrate, serratures glandular. Var. 2. moschatu ; leaves alternate and whorled, coarsely serrate, less glandular. I. moschata, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 38. Var. 3. candida; uppermost leaves opposite or whorled, flowers white spotted with crimson. I. candida, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 85; 1841, t. 20. Var. 4. macrochila; upper leaves alternate, terminal lobes of the wings longer dimidiate-ovate falcate. 1. macrochila, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 8. 89. I. Thomsoni, Hook. f. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 128; tall, robust, branched, quite glabrous, leaves opposite below whorled or alternate above, petioled ovate acuminate. coarsely serrate, stipules pulvinate, peduncles erect, flowers umbelled, sepals ovate-lanceolate, standard entire, wings 2-lobed, lip conical narrowed into the rather long spur, capsule narrowly clavate. Toner ranges of the Temperate Himalaya, Pitz and Kunawur, alt. 9-10,000 ft., T. Thomson; Kumaon and Garwuat, alt. 12,000 ft., Strach. & Wint. ; Sixx1m, alt. 12,000 ft., J. D. H. ? Probably a small state of Z. Roylei or sulcata, 2-12 in. high, with flowers only half the size, a conical or trumpet-shaped lip narrowed into the spur, and a narrower cap- sale $-1 in. long. It is only found in the interior and drier Himalayan ranges, and varies exceedingly in the size of all its parts. The flowers are pale and spotted. The stipules usually form a large glandular tubercle. 90. I. suleata, Wall. Cat. 4764 in part; stem stout erect grooved quite glabrous, leaves usually opposite and wlhiorled elliptic-ovate or lan- ceolate coarsely crenate-serrate, stipules pulvinate, flowers many umbelled or racemed, standard 2-lobed, wings broad, lip saccate obtuse, spur short inflexed, capsule elongate horizontal. A. fi & LT. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 129. I. gigantea, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xx. 38. Temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-12,000 ft., from Marri to Sixxim. A gigantic annual herb, said to attain 15 ft. in height, but 1 never saw it more than 8 in Sikkim, with furrowed fistular stems, so like Z. Hoylet that I suspect it may prove to be a variety of that plant, differing in the more crenate leaves, stipules (a very vari- able character), and the longer narrow inclined capsules 1 in. long, which are but slightly clavate, and have similar large eatable seeds. It should also be compared with ‘states of I. Longicornu. The 4 lateral sepals are sometimes developed in Sikkim. Var. minor ; smaller, lip conical.—Kunawur, alt. 8000 ft., Z.-Thomson. 91. %. amplexicaulis, Ldgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 37; tall, branched, quite glabrous, leaves sessile lower opposite oblong-lanceolate upper alternate ovate-lanceolate amplexicaul, all crenate-serrate, stipules pulvinate or obsolete, flowers umbelled or racemed, standard orbicular %lobed, wings 2-lobed, lip saccate acute or obtuse, spur short inflexed, capsule slender horizontal. A. f.'& 7. in Journ, Linn. Soe, iv. 129. Western Temperate Himalaya, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Kuzu, Edgeworth; Summa, Lady Dalhousie; Kumaon, Strach. &@ Wint. . 470 XXXII, GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [Impatiens. A very distinct species in foliage, and at once recognised by the alternate am- lexicaul upper leaver, but the lower leaves, habit, flowers and fruit differ little from F. sulcata and Thomsoni. The stem is 4-angled, peduncles short, flowers fewer and smaller, and the capsule is hardly clavate, 1-1} in. Bu.—Unirtorz, (See also J. discolor, spirifer and serrata under But, which are sometimes 1-flowered). 92, I. tripetala, Roxb. Fl. Ind. Hd. Carey, ii. 453 ; tall, glabrous, rarely pubescent, branched, stout, leaves large membranous long petioled opposite alternate or whorled ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenulate, pedicels slender solitary or fascicled, flowers large, sepals subulate falcate, standard obovate spurred at the back, wings small, lip deeply saccate, spur short abrupt incurved. I. multiflora, Wall. Cat. 4742; Hf. & Tim ourn. Linn, Soc. iv, 126. Tropical Himalaya, Sixxrm, alt. 2-5000 ft, J. D. H.; Baoray, Duphla Hills, Booth; Assam, Situer, and Kuasita Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft. ; Annual. Stem stout, succulent, 14-2 ft., swollen at the nodes, simple or with: op- posite branches. Leaves 2-8 in., exclusive of the petiole, which is often 5 in., mem- branous, acuminate, glabrous or sparsely pubesceut above, nerves very numerous, lower crenatures often with bristles. Pedicels $1 in., glabrous, bracteate at the base when fascicled on a short peduncle. Flowers red or purple, 13 in. from the base of the lip to the tip of the standard, glabrous or pubescent; sepals very small for the size of the flower ; standard galeate; wings with two suborbicular lobes ; lip rounded at the base, suddenly narrowed into a spur. Capsule 4-3 in., ellipsoid, quite glabrous. Seeds many, pyriform, testa rough opaque.—Specimens of this might be referred to sections B. 1. and B. m1, according as the leaves are opposite or alternate, and the pedicels solitary or collected on a peduncle. 93. I. puberula, DC. Prodr. i. 684; slender, erect, leafy, pubescent, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate crenate acuminate eglandular, pedicels subterminal bracteate slender 1-flowered, flowers pubescent violet, sepals broad, standard orbicular notched dorsally winged, terminal lobe of wings broadly semi-obovate, lip ‘conoidal, spur long slender incurved, capsule slender. Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii, 83, t.193; Cat. 4767 A; Af. & T. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 141. I. mollis, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Hd, Carey, ii. 461. I. hispidula, Benth.in Wall. Cat. 4740. : Temperate regions of the Stxxim and Nira, Himataya, alt. 5-6000 ft. Stem 2-3 ft., sparingly branched, pubescent above. Leaves 1-3 in., membranous, usually pubescent on both surfaces; petiole rather short; stipules 0. Pedicels 1-1} in., pubescent, usually confined to the uppermost axils; bracts subulate, basal, or 0. Flower flat, 13-14 in. from the:standard to the wings; sepals broad ovate acuminate; standard almost as large as the two wings, and, like them, of a deep violet colour; wings of 2 sessile lobes, lateral smaller rounded; lip rather small; spur 4 in. Capsule 1 in., glabrous. Seeds immature.—In the Linnean Journal I confounded with this under variety 8, a Khasia plant which I now find should be referred to J. bella, leaving this a single-flowered species. The Sikkim specimens are larger leaved and more glabrous than the Nipalese. 94. I. arguta, 7. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 137; slender, erect, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, leaves ovate or lanceolate sharply ser- rate, petiole usually glandular, peduncle very short 1-2-flowered, bracts setaceous twisted or 0, flower large, sepals ovate-cordate, standard orbi- cular spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very long pendulous, lip elongate saccate, spur short stuut incurved, _ Impatiens.| | XXXII. GERANIACES. (§ Balsaminex, Hook. f.) 471 Shaded woods of the Sixxim Himataya, alt. 5-7000 ft., and Kuasta Mrs,, alt. 3-6000 ft.; Baoran, at Duphla, Booth ; Burma, at Momyen, J. Anderson, Perhaps only a variety of £. spirifer, but a stronger growing plant, often much branched, leaves more strongly toothed, often ciliate at the base, petiole usually glan- dular, bracts, when present, very curiously twisted, lip deeper, and spur not spiral. Capsule 1 in., stout. Seeds orbicular, small, opaque, granulate.—1 have found 4 late- ral sepals on this species; it was the commonest Darjeeling one in 1848. B u1—AXILLIFLORE. * Standard usually spurred at the back. 95,2. Surpia, Ham. in Wall. Cat, 4761; tall, shrubby, branched, glabrous or pubescent, leaves long-petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate- acuminate often oblique crenate, peduncles very long 1-3-flowered, flowers large, bracteoles and sepals minute, standard obcordate usually with a long dorsal spur, terminal lobe of wings obovate or oblong, lip very large saccate, spur short stout incurved. A. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 140. Shaded woods of the temperate and subtropical Himalaya from Nira to Broran; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft. Stem 5-8 ft., stout and woody below; branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 3-10 in., very membranous, many-nerved, with scattered hairs above, often red beneath, often ciliate towards the base; nerves numerous, slender; petiole usually long and slender, often glandular. Peduncles 2-4 in., slender; bracts subulate; pedicels 4-1 in. Flowers nearly 2 in. from the spur to the tip of the standard, white or pale straw- coloured or orange-red ; standard with a spur sometimes 4 in. long, at others obsolete ; wings small, lateral lobes rounded, included, terminal exserted, twice as large, notched at the tip or not, with an inflexed auricle on the inner margin; lip very large and broad, usually rounded at the base; spur stout, obtuse. Capsule 1-14 in., narrow linear, clavate, acute, glabrous. Seeds many, small, opaque, suborbicular, tubercled—A splendid species, closely allied in flower to J. spirifer, arguta, and discolor, The peduncles are sometimes 9 in. long, and bear many alternate broad ovate small per- sistent thick bracts and no flowers. Amongst Cathcart’s drawings of Darjeeling plants is a white-flowered species, probably a variety of this, with large bracts and a very short spur on the standard. 96, 2. discolor, Wall. Cat. 4767; 1 DC. Prodr. i. 687; slender, erect, branched, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles short axillary 1-3-flowered, bracts broad ovate gland-tipped, flowers large, sepals rather large broadly ovate, standard orbicular spurred at the back, terminal lobe of wing large pendulous, lip very large deep conoidal_nar- rowed into a short stout involute obtuse spur. H.f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 137. I. Hoffmeisteri, Klotesch in Reise Pr. Waldem. Bot. 121, t.15 A. Temperate Nira and Sixxim Hutaxaya, alt. 6-8000 ft. : Glabrous, or pubescent on the leaves above. Stem 3-5 ft., decumbent and rooting at the base. Leaves membranous, crenatures coarse, with a bristle in the sinus; nerves many ; petiole variable, naked. Peduncle and pedicels together 1—2 in. very slender, bracts 2; in. scattered. Flowers 14-2 in., violet-blue with a pink-purple veined very large lip; standard small; wings asin I. arguta and spirifer, which this much re- semubles in foliage and flowers, but differs wholly in the fruit. Capsule 3 in., slender, clavate and acuminate’ beyond the middle, the lower portion being seedless. Seeds un- ripe—A very common Darjeeling species. De Candolle describes the flower as yellow, so | suspect that he has had J. wrticcefolia (or perhaps J. flavida) in his eye, with which species this has much in common; in this the leaves are more uniform, less crowded upwards and less drawn out at the apex; and the flowers are more uniformly lateral. 97. L. spirifer, H.f. & T.in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 185 ; erect, glabrous, or sparsely pubescent, leaves long-petioled ovate-lanceolate caudate-acu- 472 XXXII, GERANIACEZ. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. minate coarsely crenate upper sessile, stipules setose, peduncles 1-2, sepals large ovate-cordate, standard orbicular spurred behind, terminal lobe of wings very long pendulous, lip subcampanulate, spur short spiral, capsule long slender. Temperate and subtropical woods of the Srxurw Hrmaraza, alt, 4-7000 ft. Stem 8-10 in, slender, sparingly branched. Leaves membranons, 1-3 in., narrowed into the slender cylindrical petiole, apiculate in the crenatures. Peduncles sometimes 2 and connate at the base, ebracteate, very slender, shorter or longer than the leaves. Flowers 14 in. from the spur to the tip of the apiculate stanlard; wings violet-purple, the terminal lobe sometimes 1} in. long, elliptic-oblong ; lip deeply conoidal, inflated, narrowed into the spiral spur, pale rose-coloured streaked with purple. Capsule 1 in., very slender. Seeds small, globose, puberulous.—A lovely plant, closely allied to J. arguta, but the flowers are almost invariably solitary, and it wants the curious united bracts. : 98. I. porrecta, Wall. Cat. 7275; slender, quite glabrous, stem simple creeping below, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrulate 2-glandular near the base, peduncles 2-3-flowered, bracts setaceous gland- tipped, sepals ovate-lanceolate, standard orbicular spurred at the back, ter- winal lobe of wings elongate pendulous, lip large conoid deep narrowed ne a rather long abruptly hooked spur. Hf. & J. in Journ. Linn, oc. iv. 188. Knasia Mts., Wallich; in marshes at Kala Panee, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. Stem simple, 12-18 in, succulent. Leaves 14-24 in. membranous, many-nerved ; petiole 1-14 in. Peduncle with the pedicels shorter than the leaves. lowers large, 14 in. long, pale yellow or straw-coloured, beautifully striated with red; standard and wings as in I. discolor, but the lip is very different, being almost triangular in profile, narrowed into a spur as long as itself. Capsule very immature, apparently not more than 4 in., acuminate. 99. I. scabrida, DC. Prodr. i. 687; glabrous or pubescent, leaves ovate or lanceolate acuminate serrate, stipules of two large glands, pe- duncles short 2-6-flowered, bracts setaceous, sepals broad ovate-cordate, standard very large orbicular spurred behind, wings smaller, lip conoidal as long as the incurved spur. Wall. Cat. 4769; Wight Ic. t. 223; Hf. & 7. an Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 136. I. tricornis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 9; Hook. Bot, Mag. t. 4051. I. cristata and I. calycina, Wall. in Road. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 456 and 463, I. Hamiltoniana, Don Prodr. 204. Shady woods of the temperate Himalaya, from Konawar to Buoray, alt. 6-10,000 ft. Robust, often much branched, 3-5 ft., rarely quite glabrous. Leaves 2-6 in., sessile or narrowed into the naked petiole. Flowers 1 in., golden-yellow, spotted with red, sometimes panicled, generally in several axils; peduncle 1-2 in., pedicels as long; standard cordate at the base, lateral lobe of wings short rounded, terminal much smaller, oblong. Capsule 1-2 in., slender, straight, ribbed, glabrous or puberulous. Seeds - 1-seriate, oblong, scarcely tubercled.—De Candolle describes the spur as very long (longissimus), which is certainly not the case. Ihave no Sikkim specimen, but have a figure of the plant amongst Caihcart’s drawings, which has 4 lateral sepals. 100. I. tropeeolifolia, Grif. mss. ; nearly glabrous, stem stout succu- lent branched, leaves petioled elliptic-obovate acuminate crenate-serrulate, peduncles succulent 2-3-flowered, flowers large yellow, sepals broad orbi- cular-ovate, standard orbicular thick green with a dorsal spur, wings very large clawed 2-lobed with an inflexed thickened auricle on the inner margin, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a stout incurved spur. Misumr Hitus, Griffith. Annual, a foot high; stem diaphanous, flexuous. Leaves 2-3} in., rather thick, Impatiens. XXXII. GERANIACES. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) 473 glabrous or sparsely puberulous above, white beneath, teeth with subspiral bristles, nerves slender ; ee 3-4 in. ; stipular glands obsolete or 0. Peduncles 14 in., appa- rently not stiff; bracts small, caducous; pedicels slender. lower about 1 in. diam. ; sepals acuminate, green; standard very coriaceous or fleshy; wings 1 in. long, claw broad, dilating first into a rounded lateral lobe, which is followed by twice as large a rounded terminal lobe; a curious incurved and thickend semilonar fold of the inner margin occurs opposite the union of the lobes; lip large; spur lin. long. Fruit un- known.—This fine species may belong to A v. in the short-fruited section. ** Standard not spurred, but sometimes gibbous at the back. (See also 100, tropzolifolia.) 101. I. levigata, Wall. Cat. 4753; shrubby, erect, glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic- or obuvate-lanceolate caudate-acuminate serrate, peduncles axillary very short stout, bracts large, flowers racemed and crowded or solitary yellow, sepals very large green orbicular, standard transversely oblong not spurred behind, wings short 2-lobed, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a hooked spur of its own length or shorter. H./f. & 7. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 146. ° ‘ Shaded woods in the Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft. Stem 4-6 f{t., woody below, branched; branches nodose, sometimes puberulous. . Leaves 4-6 in., membranous, often oblique at ihe base, serratures with a bristle; petiole 4-1 in., sometimes glandular, Peduncles 4-1 in., usually crowded in the upper axils, stout, 1-4-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate-cordate, obtuse, sometimes } in.; pedi- cels short, stout. lowers 1-14 in. long, pale yellow streaked with pink on the wings and lip; sepals very large indeed, sometimes 4 in. long, acute, very oblique ; upper wing-lobes short, oblong, obtuse, lower almost twice as large, oblong, unequally 2-lobed, notched ; lip and spur $—1 in. 102. I. Catheartii, Hook. f.; erect, shrubby, branched, glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles axillary long stout, bracts small, flowers laxly racemed large, sepals very large coloured orbicular, standard orbicular gibbous or spurred behind, wings short 2-lobed, lip saccate with a short stout incurved spur. Shaded forests in the Sixx Himawaya, alt. 83-5000 ft., J. D. H. : A large ramous species, nearest allied to J. levigata in foliage and habit, but dif- fering in the long very stout peduncled racemes, 3-7 in. long, smaller bracts, larger pink flowers 2-24 in. long, with bright rose-coloured spur and standard; in the red (not green) sepals and more saccate lip.—As in J. Jurpia and other species the standard varies in being spurred or only gibbous at the back. 103. I.serrata, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 4771; glabrous, erect, simple or sparingly branched, leaves sessile or shortly petioled ovate-lanceolate acu- minate sharply serrate eglandular, stipules glandular or 0, pedicel very slender forked in the middle 2-flowered, bracts setaceous scattered, sepals large broad, standard oblong clawed, wings clawed narrow, lip oblique conoid, spur about equalling the flower. 4. f. & 1’. in Journ. Linn, Soe, iv. 136. Shaded woods in the temperate regions of Neat, Wallich ; Sixxim, alt, 8-10,000 ft., and Buoran, Griffith. : Stem slender, 1-3 ft. Leaves membranous, narrowed gradually into the petiole. Flowers 3-14 in. long, yellow or white spotted with red; sepals very variable, some- times very large, and almost orbicular; standard and wings apparently remote from the length of their claws; spur abrupt, recurved. Capsule 1-1} in., very slender. Seeds numerous, narrow obovoid, strongly tubercled.—Allied to I. seabrida, but smaller, more delicate, with differently shaped-lip, spur, and sepals, 104. L.longipes, H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soe. iv. 150 ; quite glabrous, tall, branched, leaves distant shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate caudate- 474 XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. acuminate crenate, peduncles solitary axillary very long slender arcuate, raceme terminal 3-5-flowered, bracts subulate caducous, flowers 1 in. yellow, sepals 2-4 small, standard orbicular apiculate, wings with a long narrow twisted terminal lobe, lip trumpet-shaped, spur slender hooked, Temperate Sixxim Himaxaya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. 4. ; A very distinct plant, 3-4 ft., with scattered uniform leaves and long axillary sub- horizontal peduncles, 2-5 in. long. Stipules 0. Stem subtetragonous. Leaves 3-5 in., membranous, rather falcate ; petiole 4-4 in. lowers loosely racemed, pale yellow, unspotted; buds rounded at the apex. Stpals sometimes 4, ovate-lanceolate ; lateral wing-lobe rounded, terminal 1 in., broadly subulate. Capsule not seen.—I have not cited any other habitat for this species but Sikkim; the Kamaon plants cited in Journ. Linn; Soc. being imperfect. In the form of the flower it is most allied to I. laxiflora and its allies. 105. I. urticifolia, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 457 ; Cat. 4768 ; simple or sparingly branched, quite glabrous, leaves large lower long- petioled elliptic-ovate caudate-acuminate coarsely crenate, peduncles ax- illary and subterminal very slender arched 3-5-ficwered, bracts persistent slender, flowers large purple or yellow, sepals obliquely ovate, standard orbicular, wings 2-lobed, lip shortly saccate, spur short incurved or hooked. I. urticifolia, vars. a and y, H. f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soe, iv. 152. Temperate Himalaya, Nrraz, Wallich; Sixxtm, alt. 10-12,000 ft., J. D. H. F Stem 2-3 ft., usually slender, and hardly branched. Leaves 4-6 in., upper sessile, membranous, tips long and quite entire; nerves many spreading, very slender ; crena- tures with subbasal bristles; petiole 1-3 in.; stipular glands sessile or pedicelled or 0. Peduncles 2-5 in., usvally axillary, sometimes subterminal and clustered, always very slender, horizontal, and more or less arched; divided, as it were, at the top into 3-5- filiform pedicéls, which, as well as the bracts (nearly } in.), are very slender, and do not spread. Flowers yellow according to Wallich, white or pale purple with red streaks, inthe Sikkim specimen, 2 in. diam.; sepals oblique, long-pointed ; standard obscurely keeled ; wings with broad lateral lobes and elongate oblong terminal ones; spur almost as broad as deep, apiculate, base contracted but rounded, spur stout, obtuse. Capsule 1in., inclined, linear, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds unripe.—This resembles a good deal J. amphorata, but is distinguished by its long, arched, filiform, usually horizontal, peduncles, which do not bear a raceme, but as it were divide into pedicels, and by its long slender bracts. Itis most nearly allied to LZ. longipes and I. cymbifera. Wallich’s description of the flower is imperfect, and I am unable to examine the wings of the dried specimens. 106. I. cymbifera, Hook. f.; slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate sharply crenate- serrate, peduncles axillary and subterminal much shorter than the leaves filiform 1-4-flowered, bracts large caducous, flowers large lilac, sepals large orbicular-ovate, standard orbicular gibbous behind, lateral wing-lobes rounded, terminal elongate-oblong conniving, lip broadly and deeply boat- shaped rounded below, spur 0. I. urticifolia 8, H.f. & 7. in Journ, Linn. Soe, iv. 152. Inner valleys of the Sixxim Himataya ; Lachoong river, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Stem 2-3 tt., green with pale red-purple blotches; branches slender. Leaves 4-8 in., membranous, tip quite entire, crenatures or serratures very shallow, with a terminal or subterminal bristle; nerves many, arched, slender; petiole \-$ in., winged; stipular glands sessile. Peduncles 14-3 in., spreading, capillary ; bracts 4 in., boat-shaped with long points; pedicels divaricating. lowers 1-12 in. long, pale lilac spotted with red; sepals nearly as Jong as the standard, acuminate, green on one (the upper) side of the midrib, lilac on the other ; standard much vaulted, hardly, keeled; terminal wing-lobes horizontal, obtuse, conniving and parallel ;"lip % in. long, ovoid in outline, apiculate, Impatiens.| | XXXII. GERANIACEZ. (§ Balsaminez, Hook. f.) 475 almost ‘hemispherical below. Capsule 2-1 in., linear, cuspidate, torulose, glabrous. Seeds few, young obovoid acute at the hilum, opaque.—Most nearly allied to 1. urtici- folia, Wall., differing in the acute small serratures of the leaves, short peduncles, caducous broad bracts, and the curious concave boat-like spurless lip. B 1v.—SuBUMBELLATA, 107. £. bicornuta, Wail. in Rowb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 460 ; Cat. 4765 ; tall, stout, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate crenate caudate-acuminate, racemes subterminal interrupted, pedicels whorled, bracts narrow persistent, flowers rather large, sepals smail, standard orbicular, wings caudate, lip horned at the tip produced downwards into a broad conoid or oblong incurved sac, spur short hooked or incurved. 1. Jongicornu, Wall. Cat. 4729 in part, not of Flor. Ind. I. longicornu, Wall. var.a; H.f.& T. Journ. Linn, Soe. v. 148. we and Western Temperate Himalaya; Nipax, Wallich; Garwuat, Strach. & int. A tall, leafy, much-branched’ annual; stem stout, succulent. Leaves 3-6 in., mem- branous, with sometimes a few scattered hairs on the upper surface, crenate, bristles 0 or basal; petiole 1-3 in., often with prominent basal stipular glands. Peduncles 2-4 in.,rather stout, erect; racemes many-flowered; bracts whorled, ovate, with long prominent glandular tips; pedicels 3-1 in., slender. lowers $-1 in. long from tip of lip to that of standard ; buds 2-horned by the spur and projecting glandular herbaceous end of the lip, which is large, broad, and remarkably incurved ; wings with small lateral lobes and narrow terminal ones. Capsule (according to Wallich) 14 in., cylin- dric, smooth, shining. Seeds 8-10, subcylindric.—Under Wallich’s 4729 (I. longi- cornu) there is a fine specimen of this, together with one of J. sudcata, and another of I. amphorata? to neither of which does his character of the double-horned bud apply ; and as the said fine specimen accords with another called I. bicornuta, but without a Catalogue number, in Wallich’s Herbarium, collected in Nipal in 1821, and with his description of that plant in Roxburgh’s Flora Indica, I retain the name here. The specimen in his Herbarium bearing the Catalogue name of J. bicornuta, has the spur rather more like that of Z. amphorata, but it has not the broad sepals. The name longicornu in his Herbarium is inapplicable to any of the 3 plants in the sheet to which it is attached, and had best be suppressed; and all the more ,because it is not his own I. longicornu published in Roxburgh (which is De Candolle’s, and his own leptoceras). 108. I. amphorata, Ldgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xx. 39; erect, branched, slender or robust, glabrous, fesves petioled elliptic acuminate-crenate with glandular stipules, racemes subterminal subumbellately interrupted, bracts broad persistent, flowers large, sepals small broadly cordate, standard orbi- cular dorsally keeled or crested, wings with short lobes, lip a large deep Ered rarely conical obtuse sac with a short abrupt incurved spur, capsule inear, Western Temperate Himalaya, from Kasam to Kumaon, alt. 5-8000 ft. The habit and foliage of this are quite those of I. bicornuta, but the petioles are more constantly 2-glandular at the base, with the glands either sessile or stipitate, the apex of the leaf is not so produced into an entire linear tail, the raceme is often hardly whorled or interrupted, the sepals are constantly cordate, and the lip is usually of 'a very different shape, being very large, subcylindric and saccate, rarely concidal, and though at times apiculate, never having the strong callous green points which suggest the name of bicornuta for that plant. ‘The flowers are, I believe, rose-coloured and yellow, with red veins; the lip, often 2 in., is in one specimen from Simla, drawn out into a spur circinnate at the tip, and with the spur considerably over an inch long. The capsule is erect, 3-12 in., linear, acuminate, not at all clavate. Seeds few, large, 476 XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Jmpatiens. oblong, compressed ; testa rugose.—The following varieties are distinguished as species by Mr. Edgeworth :— ‘ Var. 1. amphorata proper; stipular glands pedicelled, standard crested, wings un- equally hatchet-shaped, lip very obtuse, spur incurved, capsule subterete. I. ampho- tata, Edgeworth, lc. I. longicornu, Wall. Cat. 4729, in part. I. umbrosa, Nob. in Linn. Soc. Journ. I. picta, Knowles & Wescott Floral Cabinet, t. 128 (according to @ specimen in Herb. Lindley). : : ‘AR. 2. umbrosa; stipular glands sessile obtuse, pedicels glandular, lip gradually narrowed into the incurved spur, capsule subtornlose. I. umbrosa, Edgew. an Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 39. 1. longicornu, var. a and 0, nob. Lc. 1. bicolor, Royle Jil. 151, t. 28. I. Roylei, Klotesch in Reise Pr. Wald. 121, t. 15 B. . Var. 3. pallens ; stipular glands unequal ear-shaped, pedicels thickened eglandular, flowers smaller paler, lip gradually narrowed into a revolute spur. I. pallens, Edgew. ic. 39. I. longicornu, var. pallens, Nob. Le. 109. Z. Bdgeworthii, Hook. f.; tall, robust, branched, glabrous, leaves large petioled elliptic acuminate acutely serrate, peduncles subterminal fascicled, raceme short, interrupted, bracts large keeled persistent often whorled, flowers large yellow and red, sepals very large orbicular midrib crested, standard orbicular crested, lateral wing-lobes obliquely oblong, terminal oblong, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into an incurved spur. I. longicornu, var. y cristata, Vob. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 148. Western Temperate Himalaya at Kundau and the Beas Valley in Kuiu, Hdge- worth. This resembles very closely J. bicornuta in habit, stature, and foliage, but the leaves are sharply serrate, the serratures tipped with glandular bristles, the sepals are very large, nearly } in. long, crested on the midrib, and_the lip is broadly funnel-shaped, without the callous green points of that species. From J. umbrosa it differs in the same points (except the last). The stipular glands are tumid; the bracts boat-shaped, with long stiff glandular points; the flower 1 in. long from the tip of the standard to the spur; the sepals green, rest of the flower yellow streaked with red, except the broad crested midrib of the standard, which is green. Capsule and seeds as in I. amphorata. 110. I. mishmiensis, Hook. 7. ; quite glabrous, stem stout branched, leaves petioled elliptic-oblanceolate acuminate serrate, peduncles stout axillary, flowers large white in broken whorls, bracts large whorled per- sistent, sepals large broad ovate, standard orbicular obtusely spurred at the back, terminal wing-lobes elongate, lip funnel-shaped narrowed into a short incurved spur. : Misumt Mrs., Griffith. A stout apparently succulent plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves 6 in., crowded towards the ends of the branches, membranous, sumetimes gland-tipped, nerves very slender ; petiole 14-2 in.; stipular glands 0 or obsolete. Peduncles stout, shorter than the leaves; bracts in., spreading, acuminate, concave, green; pedicels 3-1 in. lowers few, more or less umbelled, about 14 in. diam. ; sepals and standard flesh-coloured ; wings apparently clawed and 2-lobed, both lobes being narrow, the terminal larger, tinged with yellow, and with 2 yellow spots; lip large; spur about 1 in. Capsule unripe, 1-14 in., linear. 111, I. radiata, Hook. 7. ; tall, quite glabrous, much branched, leaves long-petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles fascicled towards the ends of the branches erect, pedicels very numerous more or less whorled, bracts persistent, flowers small yellow or purplish sepals small, standard orbicular, terminal wing-lobe elongate, lip conical ending in a short straight spur. I. racemosa, Hf. & 7. in Linn. Soe, Journ, iv. 147, not of De Candolle and Wallich. Impatiens.| XXXII. GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminee, Hook. f.) 477 Sixxm Hiataya, alt. 6-12,000 ft.; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-7000 ft. A large leafy species, 3-5 ft., with copious inflorescence. Leaves 3-5 in., often fas- cicled towards the top of the stem, crenatures large, bristles basal ; petiole 4-3 in., with two large stipuliform glands at the base. Peduncles 3-8 in., corymbosely crowded, striet, stiff, with 2-5 whorls of stiff spreading pedicels 4-2 in. long ; bracts whorled, 4-4 in, ovate, with long stout glandular points. Flowers 4 in. including the spur, yellow or purplish, bud rounded at the top; sepals lanceolate, with long points like the bracts ; standard neither winged, keeled nor spurred ; spur straight with a swollen tip, much shorter than the pedicel. Capsule 3-1 in., strict, rarely inclined, usually in a line with the pedicel, linear, hardly at all clavate, glabrous. Seeds between obovoid and oblong, small and smooth or nearly so, apiculate at the hilum—A very distinct plant, though in a dry state small specimens are indistinguishable from several of its allies in B. vy. The Sikkim specimens have larger seeds than the Khasian. B v.—Racemosa. * Bracts deciduous ; spur long, slender. 112, I. insignis, DC. Prodr. i. 688; glabrous, stem simple robust, leaves sessile elliptic-lanceolate acuminate serrate thick, nerves many strong, peduncles subterminal usually numerous stout long erect, raceme terminal, bracts large caducous, flowers crowded red, sepals large, standard broadly oblong recurved, wings small 2-lobed, lobes short, lip conoidal tapering into a long curved spur. Wall. Plant. As, Rar. ii, 83, t. 194 : Cat. 4766; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn. Soc. iv. 150. Nivau, Wallich. Stem 1-2 ft., quite simple, very stout, hard, angled, swollen at the nodes, leafy, Leaves 2-5 in., almost coriaceous, serratures close-set, tipped with a stout bristle, midrib and nerves prominent, transverse nerves very distinct ; stipules of 2 glands. Peduncles often crowded at the top of the stem, 4-8 in., rigid; bracts } in., boat-shaped, acute ; pedicels 4-3 in., erect in flower spreading in fruit. Flowers 14 in., dark rose ; sepals broad, acuminate; standard neither keeled nor spurred; lateral wing-lobes ovate, obtuse, terminal longer, oblong; lip with a stout point or horn, gradually contracting below into the flexuous spur, together 1 in. long. Capsule | in., narrow clavate, apicu- late, glabrous, cernuous.—Specimens in the Wallichian Herbarium are labelled as from Silhet, but I suspect through some error. 113. I. leptoceras, DC. Prodr. i. 688 ; very robust, much branched, nodes close swollen, leaves sessile or petioled narrow lanceolate acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled subterminal erect shorter than the leaves, flowers small (except the spur) crowded, bracts large boat-shaped with long points deciduous, buds rounded, sepals large obliquely ovate-cordate, wings 2-lobed with a short narrow claw, lip boat-shaped, spur very long slender. Wall. Cat. 4770. I. longicornu, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Carey, ii. 462% Miquel Ill. Flor. Archip. Ind. 103. I. leptoceras var, a, H.f. & PT. in Journ. Linn, Soc, iv. 153. I. odorata, Don Prodr. 213. Nipat, or Sheopore, Waillich—Disraz. ? Java (Miquel). : Stem 2-4 ft.? smooth, fleshy, as thick as the thumb below ; branches with decurrent lines from the petioles. Leaves 5-6 in., very long-acuminate, serratures incumbent, with basal bristles; nerves not stout, and without transverse nervules; petiole }-1 in., with purplish stipular glands. Peduncles shorter than the leaves, stout, erect. lowers yellow, fragrant, § in. diam.; bracts large, 4-4 in., 3-nerved ; pedicels 1 in. Standard broader than long ; wings (1 have given Wallich’s description in the specific character); lip pointed, but not horned at the point; spur ascending or straight. Capsule detached, those in the Wallichian Herbarium, and consequently possibly not of this species, are 1-1} in., very narrow, acuminate, glabrous. Seeds unripe, oblong.—I find nothing resembling Wallich’s original specimens in any other collection, in point of robustness, 478° = XXXII. GERANIACEE. (§ Balsaminee, Hook, f.) [Impatiens. short internodes (1 in.), swollen nodes, leafiness, very long narrow leaves, few flowers terminating the short peduncles, and great length of spur. Amongst his distributed specimens under this name, however, are I. racemosa, laxiflora? and others. He has attached a mss. ticket of “ J. longicornu, Wall.” (along with the lithographed Catalogue ticket) to the original specimen, thus identifying this plant with that he described in the Carey Edition of Roxburgh’s Flora Indica. In that work Wallich says he has received the same plant from Western Nipal, gathered by Dr. Govan; but there are no specimens of Govan's in his Herbarium, and I suspect that laxiflora or racemosa is here alluded to, which he has distributed under the same number, and which De Can- dolle probably describes as var.a. JL. leptoceras resembles J. insignis, but the leaves are longer, less coriaceous, and want the strong transverse nervules so well marked in that plant ; the peduncles are moreover much shorter, the flowers and sepals much stnaller, the tip is not horned at the points, and the spur is far longer. De Candolle describes two varicties, a and $8, with peduncles respectively longer and shorter than the leaves. The present plant is his 8 I suppose; his a being probably L. laxiflora. Ihave, however, retained his name, as being in accordance with Wallich’s determi- nation. 114. I. tuberculata, H./. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 155; erect, branched, quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled elliptic acuminate crenate, peduncles erect and pedicels short, bracts minute caducous, flowers small eg eee falcate, standard orbicular, wings exserted broad obtuse, ip boat-shaped with a very short spur, capsule short clavate tubercled. Temperate and Subalpine Srxxim Himauara, alt. 10-13,000 ft., J. D. A. Stem 2-3 ft., succulent. Leaves 2-4 in., more or less fascicled as if whorled at the ends of the branches, rather thick, bristles of the serratures basal, nerves many, diverg- ing; petiole }-4 in.; stipular glands obscure or 0. Peduncles 1-14 in.; racemes not interrupted, 4-8-flowered ; pedicels }-} in. Flowers } in. diam.; sepals much curved, very small; standard orbicular, very concave, keeled at the back ; lateral wing-lobes orbicular, terminal produced (I think); lip apiculate; stem broad short. Capsule 3 in., erect or horizontal, 5-angled, valves with 2 series of pustules or tubercles; tip obtuse, with a curved spur or beak. Seeds } in., oblong, narrow, compressed; testa spongy, wrinkled, brown.—A very well marked species, by the shortly petioled leaves with basal bristles in the crenatures, short peduncles and pedicels, peculiar capsules and large seeds. - 115. I. stenantha, Hook.f. ; tall, much branched, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or caudate-acuminate crenate, peduncles axillary and terminal, bracts caducous, flowers yellow, buds beaked at the rounded or subacute tip, sepals small narrow, standard recurved, lateral wing-lobes oblong, terminal narrow elongate acute or obtuse, lip trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique mouth. narrowed into a long slender spur. : Sixxim Hmaraya and E. Nirat, common, alt. 6-8000 ft.; Kua ; 5-6000 ft., Grifith, &e. ; : , pers Sa Usually tall, erect, much branched. Leaves 2-6 in., crenatures with basal or sub- basal bristles ; petiole 4-3 in. ; stipular glands sessile or stipitate on the stem or petiole. Peduncles slender, shorter ot longer than the leaf; racemes short; bracts setaceous caducous long before the expansion of the flower. Flowers yellow, often speckled with red; bud 1 in. long, with a long terminal green beak; sepals sometimes 4; standard orbicular or oblong ; wings with sometimes a twisted acute terminal lobe nearly as long as the spur, which is sometimes clubbed at the tip. Capsule 4 in., narrow clavate acuminate, glabrous. ‘ Seeds small, obovoid, compressed, opaque.—I long hesitated before separating this from I. angustiflora, but the constantly caducous bracts both in Sikkim and the Khasia Mountains seem to indicate an important difference, which will no doubt be confirmed when the structure of the flower is better known. Var. 1; leaves large elliptic caudate-acuminate, terminal wing-lobes acute flat re- curved or twisted.—Sikkim. Impatiens.| XXXII, GERANIACER. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 479 ? Var. 2; leaves small obtuse or subacute, peduncles few longer than the leaves, terminal wing-lobe strap-shaped obtuse, flowers orange-vellow speckled with red, mouth of lip hardly horned.—I. leptoceras, var. 6, H. f.& T. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 153, Khasia Mts., at Myrung and Nonkrim—perhaps a dificreut species. ** Bracts persistent ; spur long, slender. 116, I. racemosa, DC. Prodr. i. 688; erect, quite glabrous, slender, branched, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles lateral and subterminal slender erect, bracts persistent, flowers $-rin., sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings with a filiform process descending into the spur, lip boat-shaped with a curved spur equalling the pedicel. I. racemosa, Wall. Cat. 4730 in part ; I. tingens, Hdgew. in Trans. Linn, Soc, xx. 41; H. f. & T. in Journ, Linn, Soc. iv. 151, I. micrantha, Don Prodr, 203. Temperate Himalaya; from Sruua, alt. 5-7000 ft., to Sixx, alt. 6-12,000 ft. Stem 2-3 tt. high, sometimes glandular above. Leaves 3-9 in., membranous, crena- tures with a bristle in the sinus or near it; petiole 4-2 in., slender, naked or with 2 sessile or pedicelled stipular glands at the base. acemes usually exceeding the leaves, not interrupted, lax, 6-10-flowered; bracts ovate, with stout glandular points; pedicels slender. Flowers small (4 in.), yellow; sepals very variable, ovate or oblong, with points like the bracts ; standard not spurred or winged; wings narrow, pendulous, lateral lobes orbicular, terminal broadly strap-shaped, obtuse, with a basal rounded auricle externally, a slender almost filiform process, with a glandular tip, descends from the inner margin of each wing into the spur. Capsule 4-3 in., linear-clavate, acumi- nate, glabrous. Seeds large, oblong, compressed, rugose.—A careful examination of those specimens of Wailich’s I. racemosa that agree with De Candoile’s description, prove its identity with Edgeworth’s J. tingens, both having the curious filiform process of the wings concealed in the spur; and this obliges me to alter the nomenclature adopted in the Linnean Journal, together with the description, as far as the Khasian specimens (which must be excluded) are concerned. I have failed to prove the existence of the said processes in the dried Sikkim specimens, which are in a very unsatisfactory state for an analysis of such delicacy as that of the spur; but I think I detect their presence. The plant varies extremely in size of all its parts, but is always small-flowered. Some of Wallich’s specimens have linear-lanceolate bracts. There are two sheets marked F, racemosa in Wall. Herb., and on both are specimens of this, and of what is either L. radiata or a smali state of I. bicornuta. The plant distributed by Wallich to the Hookerian and Benthamian Herb., is that here described. Edgeworth (Trans. Linn. Soc.) describes the standard as keeled and crested, which I do not find to be the case in his specimen, which precisely accords with Wallich’s. 117. I. laxiflora, Hdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xx. 40; tall, branched, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate crenate, peduncles subterminal slender fascicled, bracts Barge lanceolate, pedi- cels slender, flower + in. yellowish, buds rounded at the end, sepals small, standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes rounded or oblong terminal rounded or elongate, lip conical apiculate narrowed into a long usually curved spur, «_ pemberate Himalaya, alt. 5-10,000 ft. from Simza to Sixxm; Kussia Mrs., alt. 6000 ft. Stem 2-4 ft., slender. Leaves 3-5 in, membranous, crenatures rounded with basal or subbasal bristles, nerves slender; petiole 1-3 in.; stipular glands various. Peduncles usually exceeding the leaves, slender; bracts small, narrow; pedicels not whorled or fascicled, spreading. Flowers together with the spur, about 1 in. ; sepals usually smalb and narrowly ovate; standard not crested nor spurred at the back ; wings very variable (if the following varieties all belong to one species); lip without a stout callous tip; spur straight or conical, tip often clubbed. Capsule 3-1 in., narrowly clavate, mucro- 480 XXXII, GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminex, Hook. f.) [Jmpatiens, nate, glabrous. Seeds oblong, rugose, compressed, brown.—I have made this to in- clude the common Himalayan Impatiens of the group with much.larger flowers than racemosa, crenate leaves, rounded tips to the buds, a long slender spur, and persistent narrow bracts; whether all the following varieties are referable to it cannot be deter- mined from dried specimens. Edgeworth’s specimens in Herb. Bentham are not in an examinable state. It differs from J. leptoceras (to which I had referred various of the forms) in the broader shorter leaves, persistent bracts, and habit of growth; from L. angustiflora, in the rounded buds sal lip not ending in a beak; and irom &. sten- antha by the same characters and persistent bracts. Var. 1. Edgeworthii; stipular glands 3-4 on each side of the petiole sessile, stan- dard mucronate at the back, lateral wing-lobes obovate erect spotted yellow, terminal flat lanceolate rosy or purple?, spur straight white spotted yellow and purple.—I. laxi- flora, Edgew. ic. Banks of streams at Sevaria, alt. 7-9000 ft. Kumaon, Strach. & Wint. (Imp. 19). Var. 2. Stracheyt; stipulary glands various, lowers yellow, lateral wing-lobes large rounded spreading, terminal short, narrower obtuse.—Simla, 7. T.; Birma, 7300 ft., Madden; Jagesur and Naintal, in Kumaon, Str. & Wint. (Imp. 3); Sikkim, at Choongtam, J. D. A. Var. 3. stkkimensis; stipular glands several small or 0, standard green with purple Be ree lilac spotted with purple, lip yellow-green.—Sikkim at Lachoong, alt. 9000 ft. Var. 4. khasiana; stipular glands 0 or sessile or pedicelled, flowers pale-yellow, lateral wing-lobes small spreading rounded, terminal with a very broad rounded basal- lobe on the outer margin and tongue-like obtuse apex.—Khasia, not common at Pom- rang, Nunklow, Surureem and Molim. I. leptoceras var. a in part. Hf. d& T.in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 153. 118, I. paludosa, Hook. 7; small, sparingly leafy, quite glabrous, leaves shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acute or obtuse crenate- serrate, peduncles 1-2 much longer than the leaves 2-4 flowered, bracts broad boat-shaped, flowers yellow, buds rounded, sepals orbicular-ovate, standard orbicular, lateral wing-lobes small spreading rounded, terminal very large spreading lobed at the side obtuse, lip boat-shaped apiculate narrowed into a long slender incurved spur. I. leptoceras, var. ¢ H.f. & 7. an Journ. Linn, Soc. iv. 153. Kaasia Mrs.; marshes near Nonkrim and Pomrang, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. Stem 4-10 in., rather rigid. Leaves 1-2 in., rather distant, thickish, crenatures with basal bristles; petiole 3-4 in. Pedwneles 1-3 in., terminal and lateral; bracts 4 in., spreading or reflexed. lowers with the spur 1-1} in.; sepals more than half as long as the keeled standard; termiual wing-lobes about 4 in. broad ; spur clubbed at the tip. Capsule 3 in., cylindric, apiculate, glabrons. Seeds minute, subovovate, pointed at the hilum, rough, opaque.—I was long disposed to rank this merely asa form of J. laxiflora, but Desides that the habit is very different, the leaves are small, rather coriaceous, not long- acuminate, the peduncles are few and few-flowered, the bracts very broad and boat- shaped, with short stiff glandular points, the sepals are much longer and broader, and the capsule shorter. 119, Z. angustiflora, Hook, f.; simple or branched, quite glabrous, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate caudate-acuminate crenate peduncles subterminal clustered slender erect, bracts small lanceolate persistent, flowers yellow narrow, buds acuminate, sepals small, standard orbicular or oblong, lateral wing-lobes small, terminal elongate, lip trumpet-shaped horned at the very oblique tip narrowed into a long slender curved spur. I. leptoceras n, 6, H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iv. 153. Kuasra Mrs., alt. 5-7000 ft., Lobb, &c.; Buoran, Griffith. Very similar to I. laxiflora, but at once distinguished by the narrow acute buds, due to the very oblique mouth of the lip, which ends in a green strong subulate process, ? Impatiens.| | XXXII. GERANIACES. (§ Balsaminee, Hook.f) 481 whence the unexpanded flower has a remarkably narrow form with a beaked tip; in this respect it agrees with J. stenantha, which differs in the deciduous bracts. The wing-lobes vary much in breadth, and- in var. 2 the terminal-lobes are inflexed, crossing one another; in var. 1 the form of the wing-lobes cannot be determined ; sti- pular glands sessile or pedicelled or 0 Var. 1; stem slender, branched, leaves elliptic-ovate.—Surureem .in woods. ? Bhotan. ° Var. 2; stem very robust shorter sometimes narrowly-winged above, leaves longer narrow-lanceolate.—Moflong. 120. £. micrdnthemum, Fdgew. in Trans, Linn. Soc, xx. 40; quite glabrous, stem slender branched with scattered glands, somewhat winged by the decurrent petioles, leaves petioled elliptic-ovate acuminate crenate, peduncles subterminal fascicled and axillary very slender, bracts lan- ceolate persistent, flowers 4 in, white, fake small narrow, standard ~ orbicular, wings conniving, lateral lobes elliptic, terminal rounded, lip tubular narrowed into a slender straight spur. H. f. & 7. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 154, under I. laxiflora. Temperate Western Himalaya; Srmua, alt. 6-10,000 ft., Hlgeworth, Thomson. A tall slender pale succulent plant, with difficulty distinguished in a dry state from I. laxiflora, except by the smaller flowers and straighter spur. Leaves 3-4 in., very tarely opposite, flaccid, with often 2 glands at.the base of the blade, crenatures with basal bristles, upper subsessile; stipular gland stipitate. Peduwncles longer or shorter than the leaves; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels $-1 in., capillary. Flowers white ; standard with yellow and red spots. Capsule horizontal, 4-3 in., linear, apiculate, gla- brous. Seeds oblong, rugulose.—I can find no Valid characters in the description given whereby to separate L. elata ; both are probably forms of I. brachycentra, to which Edgeworth’s var. 8 of I. micranthemum may be referable. a 1; bristles of crenatures basal, pedicels glandular. I. micranthemum, » Ldgew. 1c. ‘aR. 2; bristles of crenatures subapical, pedicels glandular. I. elata, Edgew. lc. 41. * Bracts persistent, spur short or 0. 121. I. brachycentra, Kar. & Kir. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1849, i. 179; erect, slender, branched, quite glabrous, leaves long-petioled elliptic acuminate crenate-serrate, peduncles fascicled at the top of the stem stout erect, racemes many-flowered, bracts minute persistent, flowers minute pale, sepals ovate obtuse concave, standard broadly obovate, wings rather long, lateral lobes rounded, terminal produced 2-lobed, lip boat- shaped with a very short straight conical spur. Western temperate Himalaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., from Kunawur, Jacquemont, to Mazrt, Fleming.—Disrris. Soongaria. - Aunnal, 1-2 1t. Stem usually naked below, not winged. Leaves 2-5in., very mem- branous, teeth tipped with a bristle, nerves many, very slender’; petiole 4-1 in., slender, often with 2 sessile or stipitate stipular glands. Peduncles usually very numerous, 1-3 in., very slender, mostly subterminal, with a few reduced lateral ones in the lower axils ; bracts setaceous ; pedicels capillary. lowers } in., whitish ; sepals large for the size of the flower ; standard not keeled or spurred. Capsule 4-3 in., narrow clavate, acute, membranous, glabrous. Seeds few, oblong, pyri‘orm, compressed, rugulose. The bristles of the teeth of this species are distinctly apical —I. ulata, Hdgew. (Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 41) ditfers according to the description in the distinct spur, in being dotted with black glands, and having glandular tips to the pedicels. (See under J. micranthemum.) 122. I. depauperata, Hook. f.; low, slender, very much branched, quite glabrous, leaves small shortly petioled elliptic-ovate or lanceolate acuminate-crenate, racemes axillary few-flowered, bracts persistent, flowers VOL. I. Il 482 XXXII, GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) [Zmpatiens. minute yellow, sepals ovate, standard orbicular, wings short, lip boat- shaped with a gibbosity or boss in place of a spur. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft., at Surureem on walis, Griffith; at Molim, J. D. H. é& T. T. Like a very small form of I. racemosa, but the flowers are not 4 in. diameter and are not spurred. 1 should have referred it to a reduced furm of this plant with minute flowers arresttd in development, had it occurred in the Himalaya, but the widely- sundered habitat obliges me to regard it as distinct—Capsule } in., narrow-clavate, glabrous. Seeds small, obovate, compressed, pointed at the hilum. OF DOUBTFUL AFFINITY. 123, Z. glauca, H./f. & T. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 155 ; tall, stout, erect, quite glabrous, very glaucous throughout, leaves long-petioled ovate-oblong or cordate coarsely crenate white beneath, peduncles axillary and terminal very long and stout, raceme not interrupted. Western temperate Himalaya, at Dwali in Kumaoy, alt. 9500 ft., Strach. & Wint. Stem very stout, the base of the branch in the Herbarium, which is almost 2 feet long, being as thick as a swan’s quill and much contracted, as if succulent when fresh, Leaves 2 in., very obtuse, quite white beneath, membranous, nerves few arched, crena- tures with subterminal cilia or none; petiole 4-3 in., with a large scutellate gland at the outer base, which is also present at an analogous position on the peduncle, Peduncles many, 5 in., erect or ascending, the upper fascicled (as if branched) ; raceme terminal, 6-8-flowered ; bracts caducous ; pedicels stout, § in., fruiting ones spreading, much thickened at the tip. Capsule 14 in., inclined, linear-clavate, glabrous. Seeds several, large, oblong, rugulose—Of this very singular species I have seen but one mutilated flowerless specimen; it is wholly covered with a giaucous secretion of the epidermis, very much as in Rubus biflorus ; the long-petioled leaves not narrowed into the petiole, with coarse crenatures, resemble those of I. Noli-me-tangere ; it is evi- dently a tall much-branched plant. \ ; [The following species has been published by Major Beddome in a number of the =the which did not reach England until after Part II. had appeared. 33 bis, Z. Ballardi, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 44, t. 192; slender, rooting below, nearly glabrous, leaves alternate and opposite petioled ovate ser- rate, base with glandular cilia, peduncles slender axillary and: terminal much exceeding the leaves, flowers subumbellate, sepals ovate-subulate, standard orbicular concave, wings dimidiate-lanceolate acute spreading, the lobes separated by a notch only, lip boat-shaped with a very short straight spur which is inflated in the middle and subulate at the tip. Mountains of Travancor, near Permeede, at 2-3500 ft., Beddome. A slender herb, 1-14 ft. Stem glabrous. Leaves 1-2 in, nerves 3 or 4 on each side, slightly hairy above, glabrous beneath; petiole "4-2 in. Peduncles 2-34 in., subgla- brous, 5-8-flowered; pedicels slender, bracts minute. Flower 2 in. long; standard obscurely keeled, spur as long as the wings. Capsule ovoid, swollen, subglabrous, 7-10-seeded. Seeds with weak hairs.—Description taken from Beddome’s characters and plate quoted above, where it is stated that it is allied to I. Goughii, but has much larger flowers and differently shaped petals. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. J, semrverticiLLata, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1868, 1.594. Annual erect, glabrous, branched; leaves opposite and often 3-nately whorled, lower long-petioled upper sessile, attenuate at both ends, repand-crenate, with a bristle between the crena- tures; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the leaf, lower solitary, upper fascicled ; Impatiens.| | XXXII. GERANIACEH. (§ Balsaminew, Hook. f.) 483 spur exceeding the flower; capsule cylindric, often incurved.—Nilghiri Mts., Perrotet, n, 187, I. chavicornu, Turcz. ic. 1859, i. 271. The description will apply to any of the long-spurred species of group A 1. I vepiuis, Turez. Lc. 1859, i. 271, may be I. tenella or any of its allies. I. assamensis, Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. iv. 459, t. 576, f. 1. It is impossible to say what plant is meant here. The description answers best to J. stenantha in its habit, very long peduncles, small flowers, and glabrons foliage, &c.; but the figure cited is that of a very robust and very pubescent plant (like J. scabrida), with an immense flower, totally differing from the description in every respect.—Banks of the Burram- poota in sandy places near Dibong Mookh, Griffith. I. matayensis, Griff. lc. 457, t. 576, f. 2. From the imperfect description this is probably one of the forms of J. Balsamina.—Mergui, Griffith. 1.? From Ramgunga in Kumaon, alt. 7200 ft., Strach. & Wint.—Resembles I. laxi- flora, Edgew., but has very broad green sepals. s I? Baltal in Kashmir, 7. Thomson; and Marri, Fleming.—Probably a form of t I. amphorata or I. bicornuta. 1.? Marri, /leming—Probably a form of laxiflora, but the leaves are sharply ser- rate and buds larger. I? Khagump, Griffith (? Khagumpa in Bhotan).—A suffruticose species with the habit of J. laevigata, but flowers twice as large, and the very large standard herbaceous aod crested ; wings apparently rounded; lip large, deeply boat-shaped; spur stout, clubbed at the tip. 9. KHYDROCERA, Blume. A glabrous erect marsh herb. eaves narrow, alternate. lowers in short axillary 1-2-flowered peduncles, irregular. Sepals 5, coloured, im- bricate ; 2 outer lateral, flat ; posticous one produced into a short holluw spur, Petals 5, the anticous outer, very large, coneave. Disk-glands 0. Stamens 5, filaments short flat ; anthers slightly cohering around the pistil. Ovary 5-celled ; stigmas 5 sessile; ovules 2-3 in each cell. Drupe baccate, stone bony truncate -5-celled, cells 1-seeded. Seeds curved, corrugated, albumen 0; cotyledons plano-convex, thiekish, radicle short-superior.— Disrais. One tropical Asiatic species. l. H. triflora, W.& A. Prodr. i. 140; H. f. & T.in Journ. Linn. Soc, iv. 156. H. angustifolia, Blume Bijd. 241. Impatiens triflora, Linn. DC. Prodr, i. 687 ; Wall. Cat. 4756, 1.? natans, Willd. ; DC. Prodr. i. 687 ; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 652; Wall. Cat, 4755. Tytonia natans, G. Don, Gen. Syst. 1. 749; Burm. Fl. Zeyl. t. 16 (inaccurate). : Throughout Beneat, the Kasrern and Westeen Peninsuna, Cryton and Brraa, in marshes.—Disrris. Java. Annual, Stem floating, fistular, flexuous, rooting at the nodes, often many yards long; branches 1-2 {t., erect, 5-angled, as thick as the finger. Leaves 1-65 in., liuear- lanceolate, serrate, sessile ; stipniar glands 2. Peduncles short, usually 3-flowered ; bracts oblong. lowers 1 in. diam., variegated red, white, and yellow. Drupe sub- globose, as large as a cherry, smooth, red, succulent. 112 484 EXXIII. RUTACEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) Orper XXXII. RUTACEAS. (By J. D. Hooker.) Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, abounding in pellucid glands filled with essential oil (except Peganum). Leaves opposite or alternate, simple or compound, exstipulate. lowers in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles, (racemed in Dictamnus), never spiked, usually bisexual and regular in the Indian species (except Dictamnus), Calyx of 4-5 small lobes or sepals, Petuls 4-5, hypogynous (in the Indian genera), valvate or imbricate. Stamens 4-5 or 8 or 10, rarely more (Citrus, digle), or 6 (Baenninghausenia), fila- ments usually free, hypogynous ; anthers 2-celled, opening inwards. Disk within the stamens, crenate or lobed, sometimes large or lung. Ovary of 4-5 free or connate carpels; styles as many, free or variously united, stigmas terminal, entire or lobed’; ovules usually z in each cell. Frutt a capsule, berry or drupe, or of 1-4 capsular cocci. Seeds usually solitary in the ‘cells, testa various, albumen fleshy or 0 ; embryo’straight or curved, radicle superior.—DistRiB. Tropical and extratropical plants ; many are 8. African and Australian. Genera 63, and about 650 species. ‘ Tprsze I. Ruteze. Herbs, rarely shrubby. Flowers hermaphrodite. Disk thick. Ovary deeply 3-5-lobed; styles basilar or ventral, free or united ; cells 3- or more ovuled. Fruit capsular. Albumen fleshy ; embryo usually curved. * Flowers regular. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Ovary sessile. . , - 1. Rota. Petals 4. Stamens 6-8. Ovary pedicelled . . . 2. Bawnrnenavsenia, Petals 4-5. Stamens 12-15. . . . . 3. PEGANuM. ** Flowers irregular. 4. Dicramyus. Trizz I], Zanthoxyleze. Shrubs or trees. Flowers usually polyga- mous. Disk free, rarely 0. Ovary deeply 2-5-lobed; styles basilar or ventral, more or less free ; cells 2-ovuled. /ruzt-carpels capsular. Leaves opposite. Stamens4-5 . soe oe ee .). 5. Evopaa, Leaves opposite. Stamens 4, with 4 staminodes opposite: the petals . e ae i i 2 6. TeTracromia. Leaves opposite. Stamens8 . ogee tie ad, Tend 7. Menicops. Leaves alternate. Stamens3-5 . . . . 2... 8. ZanrHoxyLum. Trisze III. Toddaliew. Shrubsor trees, Flowers usually polygamous. Disk free. Ovary entire ; style single ; cells 1-2-ovuled. Fruit syncarpous. Seed albuminous ; cotyledons usually flat. Stem usually prickly. Leaves compound. Petals and stamens 2-5 each oe ae doe - . 9. Toppatta. Stem unarmed. Leaves 1-3-foliolate. Petals 4. Stamens 8 10. AcRonycHIA, Stem unarmed. Leavessimple. Petals and stamens 4-5 each 11. SKimMrA. Tripe IV. Aurantieze. Shrubs or trees. Flowers hermaphrodite, Petals and stamens free or connate. Ovary entire ; style simple ; cells 1-0 -ovuled, Berry usually pulpy. Seed exalbuminous. * Ovules solitary or twin in each cell. Style very short, persistent 23 » . . 12. Gurcosmis. XXXIII, RUTACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 485 Ynarmed. Leaves pinnate. Style jointed on the top of the ’ ovary, deciduous. Petals valvate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons leafy, crumpled . . . soe ee ee ew ww. . 18, Micromenum. Petals imbricate. Filaments linear-subulate. Cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex. . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Morrava. Petals imbricate. Filaments dilated below. Cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex . : ee a - 2 . . . 15, Cuausena. Armed (except some species of Limonia). Leaves 3-8-foliolate. _ » Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 6 . ‘ : . 16. Tripasia. Calyx 4-5-lobed. Stamens 8 or 10 : fo. . 6). 17, Limonta. Calyx cupular. Stamens8or10. . . . . . . . . 18. Luvonga. Unarmed or armed. Leaves 1-foliolate. Anthers linear-oblong. Disk elongate. . . . . . . . 19, Paramionya. Anthers ovate or cordate, Disk cupular . - + . 20. Araanrta. ** Ovules many in each cell. Stamens 20-60. Ovary o-celled. Leaves 1-foliolate . . 21. Crreus. Stamens 10-12. Ovary incompletely 5~6-celled. Leaves pinnate. . ae ae te ee ee ae ee 22. Feronia. Stamens 30-60. Ovary 8-00-celled. Leaves 3-foliolate . 23. ice. 1. RUTA, Linn. Strong-smelling herbs, sometimes shrubby ‘below. , Leaves alternate, simple or compound, Flowers in terminal corymbs, cymes, or panicles, greenish or yellow. Calyx short, 4-5-partite or -lobed, persistent. Petals 4-5, concave, often toothed or ciliate, imbricate. Stamens 8-10, inserted round the base of a thick 8-10-glandular or pitted disk, the alternate shorter. Ovary 3-5-lobed and -celled; style central, basilar ; ovules pendulous from the axis of the cells. Capsule 4-5-lobed, lobes indebiscent, or dehiscing at the apex. Seeds angled, testa pitted, albumen fleshy ; embryo slightly curved, cotyledons sometimes 2-partite.—DrstRIs. About 40 species, chiefly Mediterranean and W. Asiatic. SUBGEN. 1. Ruta proper. Flowers 4-merous. Petals usually toothed or laciniate, Filaments glabrous. Ovules many. Leaves pinnate or de- compound, R. craveotens, Linn.; var, angustifolia ; leaves petioled triangular- ovate decompound, segments various, corymbs spreading, bracts lanceolate, sepals triangular acute, petals ciliate, capsule obtuse shortly pedicelled. R. angustifolia, Pers.; W. & A. Prodr, 146. RR. chalepensis, Wadd. Cat. 71138. Cultivated in Inpia.—Disrris. Westward to the Canaries. . One or more forms of the common Rue are cultivated in India, and hence introduced into Botanical works. Wallich says of the plant described as 2. angustifolia, Pers., by W.& A., that it is from a Mr. Stevenson’s garden at Tranquebar. Suncen. 2. Haplophyllum. J lowers 5-merous. Petals quite entire. Filaments pilose. Ovules few or many. Leaves simple or 3-sect. 1. R. tuberculata, Forsk. ; stem erect or ascending glabrous, branchlets and inflorescence puberulous and glandular, leaves oblong linear-oblong or somewhat’ spathulate pubescent. Boiss, Flor. Orient. i. 939. Boogta hills in Sinpx, Vicary.—Disrris. Westward to Egypt and Algeria. . Stem terete, woody, branched, minutely glandular. Leoves scattered, 4-1 in., 486 xxxuI, RuTAcEsH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ruta. coriaceous, pustular and pubescent, nerveless. Cymes dichotomously branched, divi- sions pubescent and glandular. lowers } in. diam., the centre one of each cymule sessile, the others shortly pedicelled. Sepals very short broad, obtuse. Petals fimbri- ate.—The specimens are not in a good state, but I believe them to be referable to this species. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. ‘ Rora (Hariornyiium), sp., Aitchison (Cat. Punjab and Sindh Pl. 80) from Peshawur (Stewart) is undeterminable. 2, BENNINGHAUSENIA, Reichb. A perennial-rooted herb. Leaves alternate, 2- innate, leaflets quite entire. lowers in compound terminal leafy panicled cymes, white, pedicels slender. Calyx 4-5-lobed, persistent. Petals 4-5, obovate-oblong, imbricate, Stamens 6-8, inserted at the base of an urceolate disk, filaments filiform, the alternate shorter ; anthers oblong. Ovary long-stipitate, 3-5-lobed, narrowed below, lobes I-celled distant ; styles 3-5, ventral, connate, stigma simple ; ovules 6-8 in each cell, pendulous from the middle of the axis. rut of 6-8 free membranous ventrally dehiscing few-seeded carpels. Seeds reniform, testa black granulate, albumen fleshy ; embryo arcuate. 1. B. albiflora, Reich. Conspect. 197. Ruta albiflora, Hook. Exot. Flor. t. 79; Wall. Cat. 1203. R. japonica, Sid. Temperate : Hmarara, from Marri to Sikkim, alt. 4-8000 ft.; Kuasra Mrs., alt. 46000 ft—Disrriz. Japan. A slender erect branching perennial-rooted herb, 1-2 ft., glabrous or somewhat pubescent. Leaves 2-3-pinnate; petiole slender; leaflets 4-3 in., obovate or obcor- date, glaucous beneath, membranous, the terminal largest, petioled. Cymes leafy, many- flowered. Fiowers 3-} in. diam., inclined or nodding, pure white. Calyx very small. Petals oblong; obtuse. Pedicel of ovary variable in length. Fruit 3-3} in. diam. ’ 3. PEGANUM, Linn. Branching, glabrous or pubescent perennial-rooted herbs. . Leaves alternate, entire or multifid, not glandular; stipules setaceous. lowers sulitary, in subterminal leaf-opposed peduncles, white. Sepals 4-5, often foliaceous and pinnatifid, persistent. Petals 4-5, subequal, imbricate. Stamens 12-15, inserted at the base of the disk, some antherless ; filaments dilated below; anthers linear. Ovary globose, deeply 2-3-lobed; styles basal, twisted, 2-3-keeled above, the keels stigmatose; ovules many in each cell, inserted in the inner angle. rut globose, 3-4-celled, dry and 3-valved or fleshy and indehiscent, cells many-seeded. Seeds angled, testa spongy, rough, aloumen fleshy ; embryo curved.—Distrip. Species 4, natives of the Mediterranean, W. Asia, and Mexico. This genus is perhaps better placed in Zygophyllee. 1, P. Harmala, Linn. ; glabrous, stem dichotomously and corymbosely branched, leaves multifid, segments linear acute, petals elliptic-oblong, fruit capsular. Wall. Cat. 1204; Bowss. Hl. Orient. i. 917; W. & A. Prodr. 146; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb, F1. 45, ‘ North-West India, from Sixpu, the Pansaz, and the Kassair plain to-Dezni and Acra; the Western Deccay.—Disrris. Soongaria, Arabia, N. Africa, and westward to Hungary and Spain. A bush, 1-3 ft. high, much branched and densely foliaged. Stem stout, flexuous. Peganum.] EXXIII, RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 487 _ Keaves 2-3 in., green, pinnatifidly cut into linear very narrow acute spreading lobes. Flowers $-3 in. diam., solitary in the axils of the branches, sessile or pedicelled. Culye-lobes very narrow, much exceeding the corolla, persistent. Capsule globose, jin, diam., and less. ’ 4, DICTAMNUS, Linn. A strong-smelling herb, shrubby below, clothed with pustular glands.’ Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate ; leaflets opposite, ovate or ovate- lanceolate, serrulate, lowers large, white or rose-coloured, in terminal racemes, pedicels bracteate, Calya 5-partite, deciduous. Petals 5, 4upper in pairs ascending, lower declinate. Stamens 10, inserted at the base of a thick annular disk, filaments long slender somewhat thickened and very glandular below the slender tip; anthers subglobose. Ovary shortly stipitate, deeply 5-lobed, 5-celled, hispid ; style filiform, declinate, stigma terminal ; ovules 3-4 in each cell, inserted on the ventral suture. Fruit of 5 compressed broad truncate long-beaked elastically 2-valved 2-3-seeded hispid carpels; endocarp horny, separable, Seeds subglobose, testa thin black shining, albumen fleshy ; cotyledons thick, radicle short. 1, D. albus, Linn. D. Fraxinella, Pers, ; DC. Prodr. i, 712; Boiss. Fl. Orient, i. 920. D. himalayanus, Royle J1l. 156, t. 29. Temperate Western Himanaya, from Kashmir to Kunawur (and according to Royle, Junnotie in Garwhal), alt. 6-8000 ft.—Disrris. Japan, Siberia, Dahuria, and westward to France and Spain. Stem stout but not woody, branched. Leaves 1 ft. and upwards ; petiole very stout, angular, margined; leaflets 2-34 in., sessile, dark green, base wedge-shaped, nerves slender. Hacemes 1 ft. and upwards, stout, strict, erect. lowers 1} in. long, erect ; pedicels 1-3 in., glandular, bracteate at the base and bracteolate usually above the middle. Sepals small, lanceolate. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, glandular on the back. Stumens equaliing the petals. Capsule 1 in. diam. : 5. EVODIA, Forst. Trees or shrubs, unarmed, Leaves opposite, simple or 1-3-foliolate or imparipinnate, quite entire. lowers small, in panicled axillary cymes, -unisexual., Sepals 4-5, imbricate. Petals 4-5, sessile, valvate or slightly imbricate. Stamens 4-5, inserted at the base of the disk, filaments subulate ; anthers oblong. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, 4-celled; style basilar, stigma 4lobed, ovules 2 in each cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 coriaceous 3-valved l-seeded cocci, endocarp horny elastically separable 2-lubed. Seeds oblong, testa bony or crustaceous shining, hilum linear, albumen fleshy; embryo straight, cotyledons ovate—Duistriz. About 22 species, natives of tropical Asia, the Pacific, the E, African Islands, and Australia. - * Leaves 3-foliolate. 1. B. Roxburghiana, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 59; leaves quite glabrous throughout, cymes very broad bracteate finely pubescent, flowers densely crowded, filaments glabrous, ovary densely pubescent. E. triphylla, Bedd. Flor, Sylvat ; Anal. Gen. xii. t. vi £2. Mi. Marambong, Miquel Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 244. Fagara triphylla, Road. Fl. Ind, i. 416 (@ of Linn). F, Lunur-ankenda, Gaertn. Carp. i. 334, t. 68, £.9. Xanthoxylon triphyllum, Wight Ic. t. 204; Ll. i. 169; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 36; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 45. X. Roxburghianum, Cham. in Linnea v. 58. X. zey- lanicum, DC..Prodr. i, 728. X. nilagiricum, Miquel Herb, Hohenack.. 488 XXXIIl, RUTACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) | Evodia. X. Marambong, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 533. Schmidelia integerrima, Wall, Cat. 8065. . Kaasta Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., H.f.& 7. Throughout the Mountains of the WesTkRN Peninsuna; in the Eastern Peninsoua, from Tenasserim to Malaya and Penang, &c., Czyton.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java. . - A small tree with soft wood; branches opposite. Leaves usually large, spreading ; petiole 2-5 in. terete; leaflets 2-5 in., very shortly petioled, obovate, oblong or oblanceo- late, tip rounded or acuminate or apiculate, nerves almost horizontal very slender not at all prominent, costa perfectly glabrous on both surfaces. Cymes very variable, length and breadth of peduncle, more or less finely pubescent ; branches opposite and alter- nate, bracts minute. Flowers usually densely crowded, 75-4 in. diam., yellow-green, very shortly pedicelled. Calyx minute. Petals slightly imbricate. Capsules usually 2, about the size of a pepper-corn, coriaceous, rugose. Seed splendent, blue-black. There is some doubt as to the name which this species should bear, consequent upou the obscurity of Hvodia triphylla, DC., founded on the Philippine Islands Fugara triphylla of Lamk. ee Lamarckiana, Benth. Flor. Hongk. 59). Lamarck (Dict. li. 447) identifies his Philippine Isld. plant with Rumph’s Ampacus angustifolius (Herb. Amb, ii. 88, t. 62), with which also Bentham’s Hongkong specimens agree. Roxburgh, on the other hand, identifies a Penang plant, cultivated in the Calcutta Gardens, with Rumph’s Ampacus angustifolius, and describes ils capsules as the size of a field-bean. ‘This character of capsule does not agree with any Indian species known tome. Roxburgh’s characters agree in all but this, with a common Malay plant. As Wight refers an identical Nilghiri plant: to Roxburgh’s, I have preferyed to retain for it the name Hoxburghiana, given to it by Chamisso, to distinguish it from the true triphylia of Lamarck, which has very small few-flowered cymes and smaller cap- sules. Bentham (l.c.) observes that Lamarck’s plant is a native of India, and quotes Wight’s Icones ; but this is a mistake, for Wight’s figure represents a poor specimen of this, which is a common Nilghiri plant. Wight gives Jussieu as the authority for -Y. triphyllum, both in his “ Icones’’ and “ Illustrations ;” but this is an error. Wal- lich’s Schmidelia integerrima is clearly a very large-leaved form from Penang; it has neither flower nor fruit; the terminal leaflet is 12 by 5 in. 2, EB. triphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 724; leaves quite glabrous, nerves slender, cymes small hardly bracteate, branches and pedicels very slender finely pubescent, filaments glabrous, ovary hairy. E. Lamarckiana, Benth, Ll. Hongk. 59. E. gracilis, Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. Beng. 1871, ii. 48. Fagara triphylla, Lamk, Dict, ii. 447. Xanthoxylum Lamarckianum, Cham. in Linnea v. 68. X. pteleefolium, Champ. in Kew Journ. Bot. tii. 330. Lepta triphylla, Zour. Fl. Cochin. 82. Tenasserim, at Moolmein, alt. 6000 ft., Parish ; north of Moulmein, Helfer ; Brrua, Brandis.—Disrris. Philippine Islds., Japan, China, Borneo. This, though a very distinct-looking plant from £. Roxburghiana, is not easily cha- racterized, except by comparison. It is smaller, more slender, with shortly-peduncled cymes, 1-3 in, long, hairy, more slender branches and pedicels, the flowers are smaller and paler, and the capsules much smaller, about 4 in. diam. The Tenasserim speci- mens have elliptic-lanceolate leaves, but in other countries they vary from obovate to elliptic-lanceolate. As in H. Roaburghiana the costa above is perfectly glabrous. 3. BH. robusta, Hook. /. ; leaflets elliptic obtuse or obtusely-acuminate shining, nerves very prominent beneath, costa glabrous above puberulous beneath, cymes broad brachiate their branches very robust. Penane, Phillips ; Stvcarore, Vaingay (278 Kew Distrib.). A much more robust oe than £. triphylla. Branchlets compressed, as thick as a swan's quill, hoary. Petiole 4 in., terete, as thick as a crow-quill ; leaflets 6-8 in., terminal subobovate, lateral elliptic, coriaceous, midrib and arching nerves very strong indeed, Cymes 5 in. diam. and upwards. Flowers and fruit as in Roxburghiana, ot which this may be a variety ; but it differs remarkably from the Sincapore and Malacca Evodia. | EXKIII. RUTACEZ, (J.D. Hooker.) 489 specimens of that plant, and is the only trifoliolate species known to me with shining upper surfaces to the leaves.—This differs from Miquel’s description of the Sumatran Zanthoxylon Euneuron (Fi. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 532) in its glabrous capsules, in the leaves not pale and silvery beneath, and in the fruiting cyme not being pyramidal. 4, E. latifolia, DC. Prodr. i. 724; branchlets petioles leaves beneath and midrib above tomentose, leaflets large, nerves strong, cymes pubescent and brachiate or pyramidal, capsules glabrous. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 672; Ann, Mus, Bot. iti, 244, Zanthoxylum Rumphianum, Cham. m Lannea v. 58. : Mauacea, Grifith; (Kew Distrib. 1176); Maingay (Kew Distrib. 277).—Disrnis. Malayan Archipelago. Branchlets as thick as the little finger, obtusely 4-angled. Petiole 4-6 in., as thick aga goosequill or less; leaflets 6-10 in. broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous above except the costa, finely pubescent beneath. Cymes more pyramidal than in I. Roxburghiana ; flowers and capsules quite the same. Var.? branches more slender, leaves more membranous puberulous on the costa above and nerves beneath only not on either surface.—Malacca, Griffith, Maingay. This resembles Miquel’s description and plate of H. accedens (Ann. Mus. Bot. iii. 242, t. 6), except in the much smaller flowers, which wholly resemble those of H. latifolia. 5. E. glabra, Blume Bijd. 245; glabrous, leaflets large 5-7 in. dark green above paler beneath with very strong nerves, cymes large brachiate glabrous. Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. pt. 2, 672; Ann. Mus. Bot. ui. 243, Penang, Phillips.—Distriz. Java. » This closely resembles Z. robusta, but the leaflets are not shining above, are of a dark green colour when dry, and ave sometimes suddenly acuminate. My specimens, which are in 6 fower only, have branchlets as thick as the little finger and pyramidal bracteate densely-flowered cymes ; they precisely resemble a flowerless specimen of Z. glabra from the Leyden Herbarium, which is, I presume, authentic, though the leaflets are abruptly acuminate, which is contrary to Miquel’s description. ** Leaves 1- rarely 3-foliolate. 6. E. viticina, Wail. Cat. 1219; quite glabrous, leaves 1-3-foliolate, petiole acutely margined, leaflets lanceolate acuminate, cymes small usually shorter than the petiole few-flowered. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, li. 64, Tenasserim ; at Tavoy, Gomez, ok pe . , Branches slender, alternate, 2-edged, and whole-plant dull green when dried. _Petiole 4-14 in., with 2 acute edges bounding a median groove in front; leaflets 14-44 in., pale beneath ; nerves very slender, horizontal. Cymes 6-10-flowered,. erect, almost glabrous ; peduncle glabrous, angled. Flowers minute, fascicled, 4-merous; pedicel very short, slender. Aruit 4 in. diam., of 4 nearly smooth rather compressed carpels. 7. HE. pedunculosa, Hook. f. ; leaves 1-foliolate, petiole $-cylindric, leaflet obovate abruptly narrowed at the obtuse point quite glabrous, cymes trichotomous pubescent terminating long slender peduncles. Smcapore, Lobb. ; Thave seen but one specimen of this very distinct plant. -Branches smooth, cylin- dric, glabrous. Leaves 4-5 in. ; petiole rather stout, §-1 in., edges acute, not thickened at the top; leaflet coriaceous, quite entire, cuneate at the base, copiously minutely punc- tate, costa stout, nerves many slender spreading. Peduncles in opposite axils, stout, 1-4 in., pubescent towards the top where they branch-into small trichotomous pubes- cent cymes. Flowers (6 buds only) shortly pedicelled, bracts minute, buds 7; in. diam. "Sepals rounded, acute. Petals broad-ovate, acute, valvate, glabrous. Stamens 4, filaments short ; anthers broad, acute. Disk tumid. Ovaries 4, imperfect, immersed in the disk, ; 490 XXXII. RUTACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) | Evodia. *x* Leaves pinnate. 8. E. fraxinifolia, Hook, f. ; leaves quite glabrous throughout, leaflets 3-5-pairs, cymes broad brachiate pubescent, branches stout, flowers 4-5-merous, fruit glabrous, Tetradium trichotomum, Lour, Fl. Coch. 91 ; DO. Prodr. ii, 88. Rhus fraxinifolium, Don Prodr, 248. Philagonia fraxini- folia, Hook. Ic, Pl.t.710; Wall. Cat. 8521? P.sambucina, Blume Byd. 250. P. procera, DC. Prodr, ii. 90. Sunrroricat Hiwauaxa from Nipal to Sikkim, alt. 4-7000 ft.; Kitasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft.—Distris. Java? Cochinchina. A small much branched densely leafy tree, smelling strongly of Caraway when bruised. Branchlets thick, terete. Leaves 8-12 in., spreading, bright green ; petiole cylindric; leaflets 4-9 in., shortly petioled, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, . straight or falcate, quite entire or crenulate, base rounded often oblique, nerves spread- ing, slender, terminal leaflet often long-petioled. Cymes on short stout compressed pe- duncles, axillary and terminal, clothed with fine close-set pubescence ; bracts minute. Flowers shortly pedicelled, white, § nearly 4 in. diam. Sepals small, obtuse. Petals imbricate, pubescent within. Stamens exceeding the petals, filaments somewhat hairy; anthers broad. Ovary glabrous; style short, stigma capitate. Fruit 4 in. diam., red; carpels not separating to the base, very coriaceous. Seed broadly elliptic, slightly compressed ; testa dark brown, shining.—I can hardly doubt this being the Philagonia sambucina of Blume (P. procera, DC., published in the same year) ; but having seen no Java specimen I retain the name of frawinifolia. It is the plant alluded to under Evodia in the “ Genera Plantarum” as 2. Koxburghiana. 9. H. meliwfolia, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 58; petioles pilose, leaflets 3-5 pairs glabrous, cymes broad brachiate pilose-pubescent, branches very slender, flowers 4-5-merous. E. glauca, Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot, iii, 23. Boymia glabrifolia, Champ. i Hook, Kew Journ. Bot, iii. 330. Megabotrya melizfolia, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii, 259. Assam, Masters (in Herb. Griffith). ; ' A much more slender plant than Z. frawinifolia, with spreading soft hairs on the rachis of the leaf and on the more slender partial petioles, very slender spreading branches of the cyme, which is 8 inches broad, fewer sparser flowers, the g } in. diam., shorter more slender filaments, and more oblong anthers. The leaflets are 3-4 in., more oblique at the base, and usually more acuminate. 10. B, rutecarpa, Hook.f. dé Thoms. Herb. Ind. Or. ; clothed through- out with soft velvety pubescence, cymes brachiate, branches very stout, fruit pustular. Boymia rutzcarpa, Juss. according to Sieb. & Zuce. Fl. - Japon, i, 50, t. 21, Inner valleys. of the Temperate region of the Sixxim Himanaya, alt. 7-10,000 ft., J.D. H.—Disrri, Japan. A small densely-foliaged green tree, inodorons. Leaves 1-1} ft.; petiole terete, stout ; leaflets about 5 pair, subsessile, oblong-acute, usually rounded and oblique at the base, margin quite entire, under surface woolly, nerves faint. Cymes 3-4 in. diam., terminal; peduncles very short stout and as well as the pedicels and calyx tomentose. Flower about } in. diam. , Petals nearly glabrous externally, pubescent within. Stamens not much exceeding the petals, filaments hairy ; anthers very large, ovate, 2-lobed at the base. Fruit 4 in diam. ; carpels 4, opening at the apex. 6. TETRACTOMEA, Hook. f. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled, 1-foliolate, coriaceous, quite entire, punctate. Flowers small, in axillary branched cymes. Calyx small, 4-partite. Petals 4, triangular-ovate, acute, persistent, valvate. Tetractomia,] | Xxx11I. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 491 Disk broad, glandular, flattish or pulvinate, obtusely 4-angled. Stamens 8, 4 perfect alternate with the petals, 4 smaller with imperfect anthers (or 0) moporiie the petals and partially adnate to them at the base ; filaments subulate, flattened at the base; anthers 2-lobed, dérsifixed. Ovary immersed inthe centre of the disk, 4-celled, with 4 free projecting lobes ; styles 4, free at the base, connate above, stigma capitate obscurely 4-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral in each cell, Fruit of 4 coriaceous laterally compressed oblong 2-seeded carpels, splitting ventrally, the horny endocarp partially separating, Seeds inserted towards the base of the carpels (nucleus small with a large oblong obtuse membranous wing, embryo unknown).—DistRie. Three species, natives of the Malayan Peninsula and Borneo, A very singular genus, which I find in no Indian Herbarium but Maingay’s, who gathered both species in 1867-8, and describes H. majus in his Mss. as a Diosmea, no doubt because of the staminodes, and the leaves as alternate, in which he is cer- tainly mistaken. One of these two is, however, the Melicope tetrandra of Roxburgh, from Penang. It is nearly allied to Evodia, differing in the staminodes, valvate petals and seeds. A third species (H. Beccarii, Hook. f.) fom Borneo was discovered by Dr. Beccari at Sarawak (No. 1880), it has obovate leaves and small trichotomous glabrous ‘wymes. I have described the seeds as {found them in ZH. majus (which are imper- fect), but Roxburgh describes them in hiy Melicope tetrandra as oblong and immersed ina yellow fleshy aril. I have no seeds of this species, but the structure of the capsule is precisely as in H. majus. 1. T. majus, Hook. /. ; leaflets 8 in. obovate rounded at the tip, cymes: glabrous or nearly so. 8 Matacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 290). A tree; branchlets stout, woody, as thick as the finger, covered with rough brown bark. Leaves apparently crowded on the branchlets; petiole 2-24 in., stout, terete, slightly swollen at the base and apex ; leaflets very coriaceous, quite entire, narrowed at the base, pale when dry with obscure darker spots, nerves numerous slender spread- ing, smooth above, beneath with minute prominent gland-dots crowned with micros- copic hairs; nervules reticulate, obscure, most visible on the upper surface (Maingay). Cymes 4-6 in. diam., opposite, glabrous or minutely pubescent, branches stout spread- ing alternate, branchlets opposite; bracts minute, persistent. lowers } in. diam., pedicelled, ebracteolate, glabrous. Filaments exceeding the petals and style. Ripe carpels unequally 4 in. long, obtusely keeled at the back. Seeds nearly as long as the carpel; nucleus basal, oblique, very much smaller than the oblong wing. 2. T. Roxburghii, Hook. f. ; leaflets 3-5 in. elliptic or cuneate-obovate obtusely acuminate, cymes pubescent. Melicope tetrandra, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 257, oo ' Psvane, Roxb. ; Stncarorz, Maingay (Kew distrib. 278, 2). : ; Differs from H. majus conspicuously in size, the branchlets not being thicker than a goose-quill, and the ete 3 in. diam., and ripe carpels } in. long. In texture and nervation the leaflets are identical; the cymes of this are laxly clothed with a furfura- ceous pubescence. 7. MELICOPE, Forst. Shrubs. Leaves opposite (in the Indian species) 1-3-foliolate, pellucid- punctate, lowers small, in axillary cymes or panicles. Calya 4-lobed or 4-partite. Petals 4, sessile, spreading, valvate or imbricate. Disk large, entire or 8-lobed or obsolete. Stamens 8, inserted at the base of the disk, those opposite the petals shorter, filaments subulate or flattened ; anthers oblong or cordate. Ovary 4-celled, deeply 4-lobed ; style basilar or styles 4, subterminal, more or less combined, stigma capitate 4-lobed ; ovules 2 in each 492 XXXIII. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Melicope. cell, collateral or superposed. Fruit of 4 free spreading coriaceous carpels dehiscing on the inner face; endocarp more or less separating. Seeds oblong, funicle sometimes elongate, testa black brittle shining, albumen fleshy and oily ; embryo with large oblong cotyledons and a short superior radicle.—Distrip, Chiefly Polynesian ; species about 15. 1. M. indica, Wight Ic, t. 1051; glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, leaflets elliptic or obovate acute, flowers 3-5 terminating long slender decurved peduncles. Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen, x1. t: vi. f. 1. Nitenirr Mrs., in woods near the Avalanches, Wight, Gardner. ; A shrub or small tree ; branches slender. Leaves glabrous ; petiole 4-14 in., terete; leaflet 3-4 in., glabrous, shining, narrowed towards the base, nerves very slender. Peduycles 2-4 in., slender, often 3-flowered. Flowers 4 in. diam., on short stout pubes- cent pedicels. Calyx divided nearly to the base into 4 orbicular coriaceous obtuse lobes. Petals valvate, ovate, acute, glabrous, thick, longer than the stamens. Disk obsolete. Ovary-lobes villous, free at the apex; styles free below; ovules subcollateral. Aipe carpels 4, 4 in. long, turgid, apiculate, 1-seeded, veined. Seed oblong. 2, M.? Helferi, Hook. f. ; quite glabrous, leaves 1-foliolate, petiole short stout, leaflet obovate-lanceolate obtuse, panicle rather longer than the petiole few-tlowered, petals valvate. Tewnasserim or Anpaman Isips., Helfer. Dicecious? Branches rather stout, bark wrinkled; whole plant yellowish when dried. Petiole 4-1 in., not acutely margined; leaflet 4-8 in., membranous, nerves horizortal, very slender, Cymes 1-3 in., panicled, suberect ; peduncle rather stout, quite glabrous; branches 4-4 in., few. Flowers (g) small, fascicled ; pedicels short, stout. Petals val- vate, longer than the stamens. Disk 8-lobed. Fruit not seen. & ZANTHOXYLUM, Linn. Shrubs or trees, often armed with stout prickles. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate or unequally pinnate ; leaflets upposite or alternate, entire or crenate, often oblique, punctate. lowers small, in axillary or terminal peduneled broad or narrow cymes, white, pink, or greenish, often unisexual. Calyx 3-8-fid, rarely 0. Petals 3-5, rarely 0, imbricate or induplicate- valvate. Disk small or obscure. Stamens 3-5, hypogynous or reduced to scales in the 9. Ovary rudimentary in the g, in the 2 of 1-5 oblique 1-celled carpels ; styles sublateral, free or connate above, stigma capitate ; ovules 2 in each cell, usually collateral. Fruit of 1-5 globose coriaceous or fleshy 1-seeded carpels, dehiscing ventrally, endocarp horny, separating or not. Seed oblong and compressed or globose, often hanging out of the carpel, hilum broad, testa bony or crustaceous blue or black shining, albuiren fleshy ; embryo axile, straight or curved, cotyledons flat, radicle very suort.—Distriz, About 80 species, all tropical and subtropical. Sxct. 1. Cymes axillary, or axillary and terminal ; branches alternate. * Leaves 3-foliolate, petiole not winged, flowers polypetalous. 1. Z. ovalifolium, JW. Jil. i169; quite glabrous, unarmed or with short straight prickles, leaflets elliptic-oblong or obovate crenulate ti obtuse emarginate. Bedd. Flor, Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xlii. t. vi. f. 3; Wall. Cat, 7469. Z. lucidum, Wall. Cat. 1212, Toddalia mitis, Mig. in Herb. Hohenack, 466. Limonia leptustachya, Jack according to Herb, Griffith. Western Peninsuua, in Canara, Kurg and the Nilghiri Mts., and pear Madras; Kuasia Mrs,; Assam and Misumt Mrs.; Sincarore, Wallich. Zanthorylum.| -XXX1II. RUTACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 493 Ashrub? Leaflets 3-4 in., coriaceous, subsessile, petioles not armed. Cymes in slender panicles, quite glabrous. Flowers 4-4 in. diam., 4-5-merous. Petals valvate. Ripe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, smooth.— Wight makes 2 species of this, which I cannot distinguish except as varieties. The Khasian and Assam specimens have rather longer leaves than the Madras ones. 3 Var. 1. ovalifolium; unarmed. Z. ovalifolium, Wight, Lc. Var. 2. sepiarium; armed with short straight prickles. Z. sepiarium, We. Ill. i, 169. ** Leaves 5-m- foliolate, petiole winged, flowers apetalous, wood with a broad septate pith. 2.Z. alatum, Rov. Fl. Ind. iii. 768; leaflets 2-6 pairs lanceolate glabrous beneath, petiole and rachis usually broadly winged, nerves very indistinct, flowers in sparse panicles 2-6 inches long glabrous or pubescent. Wall. Cat, 1209 in part; Brandis For. Flor. 47; Bedd, Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xlii. Z. hostile, Wall. Cat. 1210, in part. ; Hot valleys of the Susrrorican Himanaya, ascending to 6000 ft. from Jamu to Bhotan ; Kuasia Mrs, alt. 2-3000 ft. A shrub or small tree, with dense foliage and pungent aromatic taste and smell; tickles often vertically flattened on the trunk and branches, the older with a corky Tics, Leaves 14-9 in. (in Khasia specimen) ; petiole glabrous, narrowly winged, with 2 stipalar prickles at the base; leaflets 3-4 in., narrow, usually elliptic-lanceolate, rarely ovate, obtusely acuminate. Panicles loose, sparingly branched. Flowers 4-4. in. diam. Calyx 6-8-lobed, lobes subacute. Stamens 6-8. Ripe carpels 4-4. in. diam., usually solitary, laxly panicled, broadly ovoid, pale red, tubercled—Young:leaflets have often the costa prickly beneath, and usually few large scattered glands. The wood is hard and used for tooth cleaning, and the carpels as a condiment. 3.Z. acanthopodium, DC. Prodr. ii. 727 ; branchlets glabrous or tomentose, leaflets 2-6-pairs lanceolate, uerves distinct glabrous or more or less pubescent beneath, petiole and rachis narrowly winged, cymes very short dense 3-1 in. long pubescent. Z. hostile, Wali Cat. 1210, and Z. alatun, Wall. Cat. 1209, wn part. Hot valleys of the Susrrorican Himataya, from Kumaon to Sikkim, ascending to 7000 ft.; Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft. Very similar indeed to Z.alatum, and possibly a variety of that plant, but the leaflets have never the large scattered glands, and are olten very pubescent beneath, the nerves are much stronger, and the inflorescence is remarkably different, the ripe carpels (4 in. diam.) forming dense sessile and almost globose clusters on the branches below the leaves.—The Z. planispinum, Sieb. and Zuce., of Japan, is probably another variety, with fewer glabrons leaflets, faint nerves, and glabrous inflorescence ; it is intermediate between this and Z. alatum, to which it is most nearly allied, but wants the large glands. Wallich in his catalogue quotes Z. acanthopodium, DG., as a synonym of Z. alatum, Roxb., and the ticket is attached to a specimen with very short cymes and crowded points, and with leaves pubescent beneath. I therefore retain De Candolle’s name for this plant, which is quite distinct from Roxburgh’s Z. alatum. Var. Timbor ; branches clothed with dense rusty (when dry) tomentum. Z.?'Timbor, Wall. Cat, 7116.—Chainpar hills, Hamilton (? Chayanpoor bills in Behar, 40 miles S.E. of Benares). *** Teaves 5--foliolate, petiole not winged, flowers polypetalous, 4 Z. tomentellum, Hook. f.; sparingly prickly, branches petioles and cymes velvety, leatlets alternate 6-8 pairs quite entire velvety beneath, cymes axillary. Eastern Susrroricat Himataya; Bhotan, Griffith; Sikkim, at Choongtam, alt. 5000 ft., J. D. H. 494 XxxllI. RUTACEH. (J.D. Hooker.) [Zanthoawylum. A small erect tree, 30 ft., with horizontal branches; branchlets terete, stout, woody ; prickles scattered, short, recurved. Leaves 8-12 in.; petiole terete, with scattered hooked prickles on the under-side ; leaflets 2-3 in., shortly petioled, oblong or elliptic, subacute or obtusely acuminate, coriaceous, glossy above, base subeqnal, nerves dis- tinct. Cymes 2-4 in., sparingly branched, densely velvety, branches few short and rachis stout; bracts aud bracteoles caducous: Flowers (? only seen) small, clustered ; about } in. diam. Sepals 4, pubescent. Petals glabrous. Carpels 4, glabrous.. Carpels (hardly ripe) 7 in. long, 4, compressed, beaked. 5. Ze oxyphyllum, Ldgew. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 42; glabrous, prickles hooked, leaflets alternate and opposite 3-10 pairs, young crenate, cymes terminal and axillary quite glabrous or slightly pubescent, flowers large. —Zanthoxylon violaceum, Wall. Cat. 1213. TemPrRATE and susrgoricaAL Himauaya, from Garwhal, alt. 4-8000 ft., to Sikkim, alt. 6-9000 ft., and Baoran; Kuasita Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft. A shrub, clothed with hooked prickles. eaves very variable in size, 4-12 in.; etiole arched, usually very prickly along the back; leaflets in young specimens ovate- anceolate, very. long-acuminate, crenate-serrate, pale, nerves very distinct beneath, in older ones more elliptic or oblong, 2-24 in. long in Kumaon specimens, upwards of 4 in. in some Sikkim ones, coriaceous, shining above. C'ymes much branched many- flowered. Flowers the largest of the Indian species, 1-4 in. diam., umbellate, on the branches of the cyme; pedicels slender, longer than the petals. Sepals 4, small, obtuse. Petals 4, obtuse, imbricate Ripe carpels 2-4, the size of a pea, tubercled, hardly beaked. Seed black. 6. Z. khasianum, Hook.f. ; branches petioles and inflorescence pubes- cent, leaflets 8-10 pairs alternate rarely opposite small ovate with an obliquely curved narrowed obtuse apex quite glabrous, cymes axillary and terminal. Kuasia Mrs. ; at Myrung, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. A small very fragrant climbing straggling bush. Branches very slender, sparingly prickly. Leaves 1 it. long, arched; petiole more or less pubescent, usually copiously ' prickly underneath ; leaflets 1-13 in., straight or oblique, curiaceous, shining above, fully § of the blade usually occupied by the contracted apex ; partial petioles 4,—4 in. Cymes (¢ only seen) 2 in., panicled, spreading, very pubescent. Ripe carpels 1-3, about, 2 in. diam., globose, not beaked. Seeds globose, black.—I have not ventured to unite this with the very similar Chinese Z. cuspidatum, Champ. (in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 329), though this agrees entirely in habit, the curious form of the alternate petioled ou leaflets, and in the paniculate cyme and fruit ; it differs in being very pubescent on the branches petiole and rachis of the leaf and cyme, and in the small less coriaceous and less shining leaves, that do not blacken in drying. 7. Z Hamiltonianum, Wall. Cat. 7117 ; prickles few short, branches and_ petioles glabrous or more or less pubescent or velvety, leaflets 4-7 in., 2-3 pairs, opposite glossy oblong not sinuate, cymes axillary tomen- tose or glabrous. ‘ Assam, Jenkins; Sudyah and Birma, Crifith; Borybari, Hamiiton (Feb. 1809). Probably a large scandent shrub; branches stout, woody, prickles crooked. Leaves 6-8 in.; petiole terete, stout, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly narrowed into a broad notched apex, base rounded, glossy on both surfaces, glabrous or pubescent beneath,’with many subparallel prominent arching nerves. Cymes 3-4 in., panicled, very slender. Flowers yy in. diam., shortly pedicelled. Peéals 4-5, valvate or slightly imbricate.—Perhaps a form of Z. tetraspermum. . slg tomentosum; branches, petioles, and inflorescence very tomentose.—Assam, enkins. 8. Z tetraspermum, W. ¢ A. Prodr. 148; very prickly, glabrous except the velvety cymes, leaflets 3-5 in. opposite 2-3 pairs large elliptic or Zanthonylum.| XXX1I1. RUTACE&, (J. D. Hooker.) 495 oblong very glossy coriaceous many-nerved margin waved and sinuate- toothed, cymes axillary and terminal. Zhwaites Enum. 69; Beddome Flor. Sylvat. Anal, Gen, xlii. Wesrern Peninsuta; Kurg and the Nilghiri Mts., Ceyron, alt. 3-5000 ft., Walker. A stout climbing shrub; prickles short, hooked. Leaves’ 4—7 in., glabrous; petinle stout, straight, very prickly ; leaflets subsessile, suddenly contracted to a rather long obtuse notched tip, shining above and sinuate-toothed, especially in the Ceylon spe- cimens, coriaceous, nerves numerous spreading. Panicles 2-3 in., axillary and ter- minal, short, or rather large and spreading, when terminal densely tomentose, branches alternate. Flowers small, ~3-} in. diam. Petals ‘4, acute, valvate. Ripe carpels 9-4, 4 in. diam., glubose.—Ceylon specimens have the brilliantly glossy leaves almost black when dry and far more sinuate-toothed than the Kurg ones, which show a passage to Z. Hamiltonianum, which has a very similar tip to the leaf. Sect. 2. Cymes terminal; branches opposite. lowers polypetalous. Leaves 5-2 -foliolate; petiole not winged. Wood with a broad septate pith. 9. Z Rhetsa, DC. Prodr. i. 728 ; armed except the petioles and rarely the cymes with short prickles, leaflets 8-20 pairs very oblique quite entire glabrous, cymes terminal very na glabrous. W. & A. Prodr. 148; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 36; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb, Fl. 45; Thwaites Enum. 69; Bedd, Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xii. Z. oblongum, Wall. Cat. 1218. Fagara Rhetsa, Roxb, Fl. Ind. i. 417. 1F. Budrunga, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 417, not of Wallich,— Rheede Hort. Mad. v. t. 34. Western Peninsuva, from Coromandel and the Concan southward; Tavoy, Gomez. A tree with corky bark and spreading leafy branches, prickles straight or incurved, the old ones with a solid conic base. Leaves 1-14 ft., clustered at the énds of the branches, equally or unequally pinnate; petiole unarmed; leaflets opposite, 3-5 in., with short partial petioles, recurved, ovate-oblong or lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, upper base rounded, lower very narrow and ending in the costa, nerves 10-12 on the upper half, 2 fewer on the lower. Cymes sometimes 14 ft. broad; branches opposite, angled; bracts minute, caducous. lowers $ in. diam., yellow, 4-merous. Petals valvate. Ovary glabrous. Ripe carpels solitary, the size of a pea, tubercled. Seed subglobose, blue-black.—The unripe carpels taste of orange-peel, the seeds like black pepper.—Thwaites introduces this into his Enumeratio, but says, in Herb. that he knows of but one tree, and that is in a garden. ; 10. Z Budrunga, Wall. Cat, 1211; tof DC. Prodr. i. 728; armed with short incurved prickles, leaflets 5-10 pairs glabrous brvadly crenate with large glands in the sinus, base very oblique, cymes terminal very large labrous. Z. crenatum, Wall. Cat. 1216. ?Fagara Budrunga, Loxb. £1. nd, i, 417, Trorican Himavaya, Kumaon, Blinkworth (in Herb. Wallich) ; Forests of Sitner, dhe Kuasta Mrs., Cuirracone, and MarraBan. Apparently a tree, easily recognised by the large glands at the crenatures of the leaf- lets—I am not satisfied as to the name this plant should bear; the description is founded on Wallich’s specimens from the Calcutta Garden, named Z. Budrunga, Roxb., and which should therefore be authentic, and which perfectly agree with those from Silhet, &c. ; but Roxburgh describes in his “ Flora Indica” (and figures in his.drawings) the leaflets as few, narrow, and quite entire; and neither he nor Wallich (in Carey’s edition of the “Flora Indica”) makes allusion to the crenatures and glands. I find no plant corresponding to either Roxburgh’s Fagara Rhetsa or F’. Budrunga in any Silhet, Asam, or Bengal collection, and except in the fewer leaflets there is no differential cha- racter given by Roxburgh between these two supposed species, though in his drawings he figures the flowers of Budrunga as small, white, with stamens larger than the petals (probubly a sexual character); and those of. Hhetsa as larger, yellowish, with stamens shorter than the petals. On the other hand, there are plenty of Western Peninsula 496 KXXIII. RUTACEE. (J.D. Hooker.) [Zanthoxylum. N and Ceylon specimens of Z. Rhetsa, with a few leaves, as Roxburgh describes in Z. Budrunga, which leads me to suspect that Roxburgh may, by some mistake, have éescribed a specimen of Z. Rhetsa with few leaflets for one of ‘the Silhet 2. Budrunga. Shonld this not be so, and should his Budrunga prove really different from Fhetsa, Wallich’s name of Z. erenatum must be given to the plant here described. 11. Z. myriacanthum, Wall. Cat. 1214; copiously armed except the petioles with short straight prickles, leaflets 4-8 pairs coriaceous not very oblique glabrous crenulate, cymes large terminal pubescent, carpels very small. Z. Vlongifolium, Wall. Cat. 7115. Penane, Porter; Matacca, Maingay. A large tall tree (Porter). Branches stout, densely armed. Leaves 1-14 ft. ; petiole unarmed ; leaflets 3-4 in., opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, crenatures minute and shallow, nerves spreading distinct beneath ; partial petioles very short. Cymes long and broad, with much longer primary branches than Z. Rhetsa, which are terete and alternate, very pubescent, and bear a few scattered prickles. Flowers } in. diam., subsessile, 5-merous. Calyx 3- or more-, bracteate at the base. Petols 5, imbricate. Ovaries 3. Ripe carpels } in. diam., compressed, apiculate. Seed compressed, 7 in. diam., not quite ripe. DOUBTFUL, REJECTED, AND UNKNOWN SPECIES. Z. armatom, Roxb. Cat. Hort. Beng. 727; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is probably Z. Rhetsa or Z. Budrunga. : . Z.? BasarnanprA, Wall. Cat. 7118; a very imperfect specimen, consisting of a broken unarmed petiole, 10 detached leaflets like those of Z. oblongum, but narrower more finely acuminate, and with more numerous nerves and an even more oblique base, ripe carpels larger——Assam, at Guralpara, Hamilton. Probably Z. Rhetsa, DC., but too imperfect for determination. A Z.? connaroives, W. & A. Prodr. 148, is a species of Heynea. Z.? Finuaysonsanum, Wall. Cat. 7114; glabrous, branches as in Z. spondicefolium, but the more numerous prickles are seated on a compressed woody conical base much broader than’ themselves, leaves 3 in., petiole very slender obscurely winged minntely armed, leaflets 8-10 alternate 3-4 in. rhomboid-ovate obtuse crenate, panicles axillary and terminal peduncled quite glabrous, flowers small subumbelled, petals 5.—Siam? Herb. Finlayson. Z osrusirouum, Poir. Suppl. ii. 293; DC. Prodr. i. 727, is a doubtful nati India and probably not a Zanthoxylum. , eee Z. raowouium, Lamk. ; DC. Le. is not Indian, but the Z. sorbifolium, A. St. Hil, of America. , _ Z. sapinpirorium, Wall. Cat. 1215, from Amherst. Of this there is i in Wallich’s Herbarium, but only a blank sheet with the ticket attached. earn ‘Z. Serra, Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, i. 440, is Saurauja nepalensis. Z. sponpiaroLluM, Wall. Cat. 1217; branches as thick as a govse-quill, bark rough with very small conical prickles, leaves crowded at the end of the branch 4-5in. glabrous, pole: denier. ane ot leaflets 5-8 subopposite 2-24 in. elliptic-ovate acu- minate quite entire, partial petiole 4, in., flower-buds minute in short-axill: r petals 4, glabrous.—Amherst, Wallich. a Z. trirtorum, Turez. lc. 1863, i. 597, described as having opposite ] : Jucid dotted and 3-flowered peduncles in the upper oaile, rl ech _ Niet plant (Perottet, No. 154) is clearly not of this genus. It may be Melicope indica, W. Toddalia. | XXXII. RUTACEm. (J. D. Hooker.) 497 9. TODDALTIA, Juss. Usually subscandent or sarmentose prickly shrubs. Leaves alternate, 1-3-foliolate ; leaflets sessile. lowes small, in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles, unisexual. Calyx short, 2-5-lobed or -parted, Petals 2-5, im- bricate or valvate. Stamens 2, 4, 5 (or 8 with the alternate imperfect), imperfect or 0 in the 9 flower, inserted at the base of a short or long or in- conspicuous disk. Ovary ovoid oblong or globose, rudimentary or 4-lobed in the g flower, 2~7-(rarely 1-) celled ; style sbort or 0, stigma capitate ; ovules 2, superposed or collateral in each cell. Fruit subglobose, or lobed, coriaceous or fleshy, 2-7-celled; cells 1-rarely 2-seeded. Seeds angled, reni- form, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; embryo curved, terete, cotyledons linear or oblong.—Distrip. About 8 species, natives of tropical and sub- tropical Asia, Africa and Australia, 1. I. aculeata, Pers. ; DC. Prodr. ii. 83 ; prickly, leaflets sessile elliptic obovate oblong or lanceolate crenulate, fruit 3-7-celled. W. & A. Prodr. 149; Thwaites Enum. 69; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 37; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 46; Wight Ill. t. 66; Wall. Cat. 9042; Bedd. Flor. Sylvat. Anal. Gen. xli. t.vi. £4. T. asiatica, Lamk. Dict. vii. 693 ; Lil. ii. 116. T. nitida, Lamk. Ml. t. 139, £1. 4 T. angustifolia, Lamk. Dict, lc. 694. T. angustifolia, Mig. in Plant. Hohen. 470. TT. rubricaulis, Willd. T. floribunda, Mail. Pl. As. Rar. iii. p. 37. Zanthoxylon nitidum, Wall. Cat. 1207, from China (not of DC). Z. floribundum, Wall. Cat. 1206; Pl. As. Rar. ili. t. 232. Scopolia aculeata, Sm. Ic. ined. sub t. 34; Roub. Fl. Ind. i. 616. Limonia oligandra, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. i. 258. Paullinia asiatica, Linn. Sp. Pl, 524.— Burm, Flor. Zeyl. 58, t. 24; Rheede Hort. Mal. v. 81, t. 41. SusrropicaL Himanaya, from Kumaon eastwards to Bhotan, ascending to 5000 ft. ; Knasia Mrs., ascending to 6000 ft., and throughout the Wrsrern Peninsuva and Ceyvton.—Disrris Sumatra, Java, China, the Philippine Islands. A rambling sarmentose shrub, prickly or not. Leaflets sessile, 1-3 by 3-1 in., gla- brous, rounded, narrowed or subacute at the tip, which is acute obtuse or notched, many-nerved, green on both surfaces, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, compressed, longer or shorter than the leaves. Jvowers } in. diam., white. Calyx glandular. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens uot exceeding the petals. Ovary usually 5-celled; style short, stigma 5-lobed ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Fruit globose, size of a large pea, 3-5-grooved, orange-coloured, 8-5-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell— Whole plant hot and pungent. 2, T. bilocularis, W. &@ A. Prodr. 149; unarmed, leaflets elliptic-lan- ceolate acuminate quite entire, tip notched, flowers 2-3-merous, fruit 2-celled. Bedd, Flor, Sylvat. xliii. ; Icones, t. 167. Dipetalum biloculare, Dalz. in Kew Jowrn. Bot. ii. 38. Wesrery Pentnsuta; Courtallum, Wight; Anamallay forests, alt. 2500-3000 ft., Beddome ; Concan and Canara, Dalzell. A tree (Beddome), trunk often 3 ft. in girth, foliage dense, always unarmed. Leaflets 6-10, sessile or petioled, nerved as in the other species, apparently quite entire. Petals 2-8, slightly imbricate. Stigma large, peltate. Fruit as large as a cherry.—I have seen but two specimens, both Wight’s, and in fruit only. I follow Dalzell in considering his ‘Dipetalum to be the same; he seems to have found it in a very early state, and says the stamens were 6, and inflorescence terminal, which latter is not the case in Wight’s specimens; Beddome, however, describes the inflorescence as terminal or from the upper axils, arid much shorter than the petiole. Beddome further describes it as a beautiful tree of considerable size, with dense dark-green foliage; he fuund the females in March, but not the males; 3-petaled flowers were much wore common than 2-petaled, VOL. I, KK 498 XXx11. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [Aeronychia. 10. ACRONYCHIA, Forst. Trees, Leaves opposite or alternate, 1- rarely 3-foliolate, leaflets quite entire, Flowers small or rather large, yellow, in peduncled axillary and terminal corymbs, polygamous. Calyx 4-lobed, sometimes enlarged after flowering, imbricate. Petals 4, spreading, revolute, valvate. Stamens 8, inserted under a thick 8-angled tomentose disk, filaments subulate, the alternate longer. Ovary inserted in the hollowed tip of the disk, tomentose, 4-celled ; style terminal, stigma 4-grooved ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell, ‘Fruit a 4celled drupe, or 4-valved loculicidal capsule. Seeds often exserted and pendulous from a slender funicle, testa black, albumen copious; embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat.—Disrrrs. About 15 species, natives of tropical Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. 1. A. laurifolia, Blume Bijd, 245; glabrous, leaves subopposite 1-folio- late, leaflet elliptic subobovate or oblong, cymes long-peduncled very broad corymbose, buds linear, petals linear villous within. A. pedunculata, Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 532; Thwaites Enum. 409 and 69 (Cyminosma); Bedd. Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen, xiii. t. 6, £4. Cyminosma pedunculata, DC. Prodr. i. 722; Wall. Cat. 1205; W. & A. Prodr. i. 147; Wight IU. 1. 165, t. 65; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. Suppl. 17. C, Ankenda, Gertn. Fruct. i, 280, t. 58, f. 6 (bad); DC. Le. Clausena simplicifolia, Dalz. in Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 180. Jambolifera pedunculata, Vahl Symb. iii. 52, t. 61. Gela lanceolata, Lour. Fi. Coch. i. 232. “Selas lanceolatum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 216. Ximenia? lan- ceolata, DC. Prodr, i. 633, Indeterm. Wall. Cat. 9028—Kheede Hort. Mal. v. p. 29, t. 15. Smxxim Himataya, in hot valleys, alt. 34000 ft.; Kaasta Mrs., alt. 0-4000 ft. ; Assam; Currracone; Eastern Peninsuna, from Rangoon to Penang and Malacca; Western Peninsuua, on the Ghats from Concan to Travancor, ascending to 5000 ft. ; Cryion.—Distris. Sumatra, Java, Cochin China. A small glabrous tree or shrub, with somewhat silky or puberulous young shoots and inflorescence. Leaves very variable; leaflets 2-6 in., obtuse or obtusely acuminate, membranous, quite entire, much veined and reticulate on both surfaces. Cymes axillary, slender, oppositely branched, spreading, long-peduncled, corymbose ; bracts and_brac- teoles small. lowers 4-3 in. diam., fragrant, yellowish-white ; buds linear-oblong, obtuse; pedicels slender. Sepals very small, rounded. Petals linear-oblong from a broad base, obtuse, revolute, more or less villous on the inner surface. laments equalling the petals, slender, bearded below. Ovary villous; style short, stigma capi- tate. Drupe very variable in size, from a pea to a small cherry, 3-5-celled, glabrate, usually with a narrowed angular or grooved tip, sometimes narrowed at the base, sume- times deeply lobed from the tip downwards. Var. 1; leaflets oblong, flowers about 4 in. diam. Var 2; leaflets 5-7 in. oblong-lanceolate, petals very sparingly villous within, drupe globose +5 in. diam. glabrous.—Sikkim, J. D. H. Var. 3; leaflets 4-5 in. cymes very slender, flowers smaller (14 in.), fruit small con- tracted at the base.—Western Peninsula. Var. 4; leaflets very small 14-2 by }-4 in. very membranous narrowly. elliptic- lanceolate, cymes few-flowered.—Pulney Mts., Wight. engin.” cymes few-flowered, fruit small turbinate lobed at the top.— Mergui, rifith. Var. 6; peduncles stout thick, branches 3-flowered, flowers large almost 1 in. diam., petals much bearded within, fruit nearly 3 in. diam. subglobose puberulous. — Malacca? Maingay. i 2, A. Porteri, Hook, f.; leaves opposite 1-foliolate, cymes panicled narrow, buds globose, petals ovate minutely pilose within,— Wall. Cat. 7756. Acronychia.| XXXIII, RUTACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 499 Penane, Porter, Maingay (Kew distrib. 280); Mauacca, Griffith: A lofty tree. Petiole 4 in.; leaflets 3-6 in., usually shortly acuminate, quite gla- brous and entire, nerves beneath slender, spreading. Cymes 3-4 in.; peduncle and short branches stout, more or less hoary; bracts and bracteoles small, persistent, obtuse. Flowers } in. diam ; buds #4 in., puberulous. Sepals 4, fleshy, obtuse. Petals broad, short. Disk pulvinate, bright yellow, glabrous. laments with dilated bases. Ovary imperfect; styles minute, rudimentary, connate. Drupe } in. diam., nearly globose, obtusely 4-angled, minutely pitted, 4-celled, cells 2-seeded. Seeds subcollateral, oblong- reniform, plano-convex; testa black, brittle—The above description of the flowers is taken very much from Maingay’s ms. which was drawn up from fresh specimens. ll. SKIMMIA, Thunb. Small. glabrous strong scented shrubs, Leaves alternate, petioled, simple, quite entire. Jlowers crowded, in terminal panicles, white, polygamous, Calyx 4-5-lobed, imbricate. Petals 4-5, oblong, valvate or slightly imbri- cate. Disk obsolete. Stamens 4-5, hypogynous, imperfect in the ? flower. Ovary obovoid, (of 1-5 rudimentary carpels in the ¢ flower) 2-5-celled ; style stout, terminal, or 0, stigma capitate 2-5-lobed ; ovules solitary, pen- dulous from the top of each cell. Drupe ovoid, fleshy, with 2-5 carti- laginous 1-seeded stones. Seed pendulous, testa coriaceous, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, cotyledons oblong flat, radicle short.—Disrris. Species 4, Himalayan and Japanese. 1.'‘S. Laureola, Hook. /. ; leaves oblong linear-oblong elliptic-lanceolate cr obovate obtuse acute or caudate-acuminate, flowers 5-merous. Limonia? Laureola, DC. Prodr. i. 536. LL. Laureola, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 23, t. 245 ; Cat. 6357. Anquetilia Laureola, Dene. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 161, t. 161. Lau- reola fragrans, Roem. Synops. fase. i. 74. : Throughout the Temperate Hmaxaya, from Marri to Mishmi, alt. 6-10,000 ft. ; Kuss Mrs., alt. 5-6000 ft.—Disrais. Affghanistan. A glabrous shrub branched from the base, 3-5 ft. high, evergreen, strongly aromatic ; branches and foliage very bright green. Leaves exceedingly variable in size and shape, 3-7 in., softly coriaceous, quite entire, nerves indistinct ; petiole short, stout. Panicles terminal, short, dense-flowered, branched ; females smaller ; bracts and 2 bracteoles deci- duous. Flowers about 4 in. diam., yellowish-white, inodorous, shortly pedicelled. Sepals small. Petals oblong, obtuse. Filaments stout, subulate. Ovary ovoid, mi- nute, conic aud 4-cleft in the g flowers. Fruit 4-3 in. long ; ellipsoid, red, fleshy. Seeds 1-3; embryo green.—Very similar to the Japanese S. japonica, Thunb., but the flowers are 4-merous in that species. 12. GLYCOSMIS, Correa, Unarmed shrubs or trees. eaves 1-foliolate or imparipinnate ; leaflets alternate. Flowers small, in axillary rarely terminal panicles. Calyx 4-5- partite, segments broad imbricate. Pecals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens 8-10, tree, inserted round a disk, filaments subulate dilated below ; anthers small, with often a'dorsal or apical gland. Ovary 2-5-celled ; style very short, persistent, stigma simple ; ovules solitary and pendulous in each cell. Berry small, dry or fleshy, 1-3-seeded. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; coty- ledons equal, radicle very short.—Disrrin. Species 5, Asiatic and Australian. I have followed Professor Oliver in the limitation of the forms of this troublesome Genus, which might very well be included in one species. 1. G. pentaphylla, Correa in Ann. Mus. vi. 384; leaves 3-5 rarely 1-foliolate, leaflets polymorphous usually elliptic-lanceolate, he 5- rarely KK 500 XXXII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [Glycosmis. 3-4-celled glabrous, style very short stout. DC. Prodr. i. 538; W. dé A. Prodr. 93; Oliv, in Journ. Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. ii. 37; Wall. Cat. 6374 ; Thwaites Enum. 45 and 406; Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 29; Bedd. in Trans, Linn. Soc. xxv. 211; Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xliii. t. 6, £6. G. chylocarpa, W. & A. Prodr. 93. G. arborea, DC. l.c.; Wall. Cat. 6373 ; Thwaites Enum, 45. G. Retzii, Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 41. Limonia pentaphylla, Retz Obs, v. 24; Roxb. Cor. Pl. t. 84; Flor. Ind. ii. 381. L. arborea, Load. Cor. Pl. t. 85; Hl. Ind. lc.; Bot. Mag.t. 2074. Myxospermum chylocarpum, Roem, Synops. fase. i. 40. Throughout rroricat and suprropicaL Himatava, ascending to 7000 ft. in Sikkim from the Sutlej river in the N.W., southwards to Urrer Assam, Travancor, Maxacca, and Cryron.— Disrris. Malay Archipelago, China, Philippine Islands, Borneo, Australia. One of the commonest plants in India, if, as most suppose, the shrubby G. penta- * phylia and arboreous G.arborea are the same species. This is a point to which observers in India should pay attention. Thwaites, who distinguished arborea at one time by the short glandular ovary narrower than the spheroid disk, short depressed style as broad as the distinct discoid stigma, and the smaller panicles, finds these characters not to hold as he expected. The leaves, which are evergreen, vary from 1-3-foliolate, and the leaflets from 1—9 inches long, and are broad or narrow, obtuse acute or acuminate, oblong elliptic or obovate or lanceolate, quite entire or crenulate, rather membranous, pale and reticulately veined. flowers small, white, in pubescent panicles that are very variable in size and composition. Berry white, globose, usually the size of a large pea, in var, 8, as large as a cherry.—I follow Prof. Oliver's classification of the first two varieties, to which he gave many weeks of study with copious materials at his command. The 8rd is added from Wight’s Illustrations and Herbarium. Upwards of 200 speci- mens are preserved in the Herbarium at Kew from different collectors and habitats. Var. 1; leaves usually 3- rarely 1- or 5-foliolate, leaflets 4-9 in. lanceolate or oblong or obovate-lanceolate quite entire or obscurely crenulate, panicles towards the tips of the branches usually elongate many-flowered, ovary usually covered with mamillary glands 5-celled connate at the base with the disk—Throughout India. Subvar. ; leaves narrower.—Canara and Mysore. ~ Var. 2; leaves usually 3-5-foliolate (except subvar. 1), leaflets elliptic or elliptic- lanceolate, panicles small few- or many-flowered, flowers smaller, ovary 4-5 celled scarcely mamillate constricted at the base and thus free from the disk.—G. triphylla, Wight in Hook. Bot. Mise. iii. 298; Suppl. t. 39; Ic. t. 167; W. & A. Prodr. 93. G. nitida, W. & A. Prodr. l.c— Western Peninsula, Ceylon, Tenasserim. Subvar.1. longifolia ; leaves usually 1-foliolate, leaflets 3-10 in. oblong or obovate- lanceolate often acuminate or even caudate, panicles short 1-2 in., or if terminal] 3-4 in. —Assam, the Khasia Mts., Rangoon, and Malacca. Subvar. 2. macrophylla; leaves 3-5-foliolate with the leaflets 34-6 in., or 1-foliolate with the leaflets 8-12 by 24-6 in., disk thicker broader than the ovary. G. macro- phylla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6377.—Assam, Penang, and Tavoy. ? Chionotria rigida, Jackin Mal. Misc. ex Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.i. 155. Ch. monogyna, Walp. Rep. i. 382; Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 73. Subvar. 3. angustifolia; leaflets narrower lanceolate 14-3 by }-3 in. G. angusti- folia, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6378; W. & A. Prodr. 93, Limonia? angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 6360.—Tanjore, Mysore and Tavoy. Subvar. 4; panicles axillary very short, ovary scarcely constricted at the base, style equalling the ovary.—Sikkim, Silhet, the Khasia Mts., Cachar, and Chittagong. Var. 3. macrocarpa; fruit 3-1 in, diam. constricted at the base. G. macrocarpa, Wight Ill. i. 109.—Courtallum, Weght. : 2, G. bilocularis, Thwaites Enum. 45; leaves 3-5-foliolate, ovary 2-celled glabrous seated on the thickened disk. Oliv. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 38. Crrtoy, in the Maturatte district, Thwaites. A shrub, Leaflets 13-24 by 4-7 in., lanceolate or trapezoid-lanceolate, subacuminate, Glycosmis. | XXXIII, RUTACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 501 obtuse at the base, pale beneath. Panicles axillary, very short, few-flowered. Sepals broad-ovate or ttiangular-ovate. Petals oblong or elliptic oblong. Stamens alternately shorter (much and irregularly dilated, concave within, Thw.); anthers small, cordate. Disk short, thick, rather broader than the ovary.—I have seen only scraps of this. I take the characters from Oliver and Thwaites, 3. G. sapindoides, Lindl. in Wail. Cat. 6376 ; leaves 5-7-foliolate, Pauisles branched from the base stout many-flowered, ovary 2-3-celled, airy about as long as the thick style, Pewane, Wallich, Maingay.—Disrai. Java. A tree 3 (?30) feet high, with the trunk as thick as a man’s thumb (Maingay). Branches terete, glabrous, Leaflets 4-9 in., oblong or lanceolate, subacuminate. Panicles 1-3 in., subpyramidal, branches short stout. Flowers shorily and stoutly pedicelled. Sepals Sitiioulor ara, Petals oblong or narrow oblong. ‘Disk small or obsolete. Ovary shortly stipitate.—Kurz (Journ. Beng. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 49) sug- gests that this will prove a form of G. chlorosperma, Sprengel (Cnr. Post. 162), but I do not see how this can be, Sprengel’s plant being described as having terminal inflorescence. : 4. G@. puberula, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6375; leaves usually 3-foliolate, ovary 4-5-celled shortly stipitate oblong pilose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 39. Penana and Stncarors, Wallich. Leaflets 2-4 by 3-1} in., caudate-acuminate. Pedicels tes in. Disk small, adnate to the ovary. Style very short.—Perhaps a var. of G. pentaphylla, from which it differs chiefly in the pilose ovary (Oliver). ; EXCLUDED SPECIES. " G. crenutata, Turez. in Mose. Bull. Soc. Nat. 1858, pt. ii. 250, is Murraya erenu- lata, Oliv. (in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 29), a native of Luzon and not of Sinca- pore as Turczaninow states. “13. MICROMELUM, Blume.. Unarmed trees, Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets alternate, oblique. Flowers in large terminal corymbose panicles. _ Calyx eupular, 3-5-toothed or lobed. Petals 5, free, thick, valvate or subimbricate. Stamens 10, free, inserted round a short or long disk, filaments linear-subulate, alternate shorter. Ovary 5- rarely 2-6-celled ; style constricted at the base, deci- duous, stigma obtuse or capitate ; ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Berry small, dry, usually 1-2-seeded, septa spirally twisted. Seeds oblong, testa membranous ; cotyledons leafy, crumpled, radicle long.—Distrrp. Species 8 or 4, tropical Asiatic and Oceanic. 1. M. pubescens, Blume Bijd. i137; pubescent, leaflets 9-15 ovate to broad lanceolate, corymbs subsessile or peduncled finely pubescent, calyx cupular entire or 5-lobulate, ovary 5- rarely 2—4-celled more or less hairy, stigma capitate slightly broader than the style, berry glabrous, Oliv. in Journ, Linn. Soc, v. Suppl. ii, 40; Bedd, Flor, Sylv, Anal, Geen, xliii. t. 7, £15 Thwaites Enum. 46. aie integerrima, Rowb. Fl, Ind. ii. 376; Wall. Cat, 6371. Aurantiacea, Wail. Cat. 8517, 8518. Central and Eastern rroprcan Himataya; Nipal, Wallich; Sikkim, J. D. H.; Assam; Knasta Mrs, ; Currracone and from Brrma southward to Manacca; Ceyon. —Disrrm. Jaya, China and Kastward to the Pacific Islands. : A small umbrageous tree. Leaves 6-18 in. ; leaflets subopposite and alternate, short- petioled, waved, often caudate-acuminate, base often cordate, pubescent beneath, rarely above. Oymes terminal, decompound, tomentose ; peduncle long or short; pedicels 502 XXXII, RUTACER. (J.D. Hooker.) — [Micromelum, ?z-} in.; bracts minute. Flowers variable in size, §-} in. diam., heavy-scented ; buds oblong. Petals narrow-oblong, subacute, finely pubescent. Stamens alternately longer ; anthers didymous. Ovary usually hairy ; 2—7- but usually 5-celled. Berry ovoid or oblong, as large as a large pea, yellow. Seed nearly as long.—There is a specimen from N.W. India in Royle’s Herbarium, but probably from a garden, as he makes no mention of it in his Illustrations of Himalayan Plants. ‘The following varieties are established by Prof. Oliver :— : ! : Var. 1; leaflets 23-84 by 1-14 in., calyx subentire, style equalling or exceeding the ovary. Bergera villosa, Wail. Cat. 6372. Cookia punctata, Hassk. ; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. pl. 2, 524.—Penang (Java, Philippines). ies Var. 2; leaflets 34-6 by 1-14-2 in., cymes broader, flowers larger, calyx with trian- gular lobes.—B. integerrima, Howb. l.c.; DC. Prodr. i. 537. Bz villosa, Wall. Cat. 6372.—Sikkim, ascending to 4000 ft.; Nipal, Assam, Birma. ; Var. 3; leaflets narrower 14-34 by 4-14 in,, calyx lobulate, style often exceeding the ovary.—Ceylon. 2. NE. hirsutum, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 40; tomentose, leaflets 10-25 obscurely toothed, cymes densely tomentose almost hirsute, ovary 5-celled, stigma about as broad as the style, berry very hairy.— Aurantiacea, Wall. Cat. 8516. Penane, Jack, Porter, &c.; Sincapore, Wallich; Prev, McLelland; Trnasserm, Griffith, Helfer—Disrriz. Philippine Islds. Very like Jf. pubescens, and probably only a variety of that plant, but more tomen- tose, especially the inflorescence, which is almost hirsute, as is the berry. The flowers are as smal! as the smallest var. of IL, pubescens. 14. MURRAYA, Linn. : Unarmed shrubs or small trees. Leaves pinnate; leaflets alternate, petioled, base oblique or cuneate. lowers solitary and axillary, or in terminal corymbs or axillary cymes. Calyx 5-fid or -partite. Petals 5, free, imbricate. Stamens 10, inserted round an elongate disk, filaments linear-subulate, the alternate shorter; anthers short, small. ‘Ovary 2-5-celled, narrowed into a long deciduous style, stigma capitate ; ovules solitary or 2 superimposed or collateral in each cell. Berry 1-2-celled, oblong or ovoid, 1-2-seeded. Seed with a woolly or glabrous testa; cotyledons equal.—Distriz. Species 4, tropical Asiatic. 1, M. exotica, Linn. ; leaves glabrous 3-8-foliolate, leaflets oblique, cymes terminal corymbose. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 28; Roxb. Ll. Ind, ii, 374; Wall. Cat. 6368; Thwaites Enum. 45; Wight Ic. t. 96; Bedd. Flor, Sylvat. Anal. Gen, xliv. t. 7, £. 2; Brandis For. Flor. 48. Chalcas intermedia and C. paniculata, Roem. Synops. fase. i. 48 and 49. Throughout the hotter parts of Inpra, from GarwHat to Assam and Burma, and southward to Currracone, Travancor, and Cryton.—Disrris. Eastward to China, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, > A very variable evergreen plant, of which two forms occur—a bushy and a sub- arboreous. Branches slender, young parts pubescent. Leaves 4-5 in.; leaflets shortly petioled,.1—-3 in., ovate or obovate, or rhomboid, obtuse or obtusely acuminate and often notched at the tip, usually very oblique at the base, shining above, quite entire, newer slender, Corymbs terminal and axillary, few- or many-flowered Flowers campanulate, } in. diam., pure white, very fragrant. "Sepals glandular, acute. Petals oblong-lanceolate, spreading above. Stamens alternately longer. Ovary 2-celled; style slender, stigma capitate ; ovules solitary in each cell or & superposed, Berry }in., apiculate, globose or ovoid, 1-2-seeded. Vag. 1; shrubby, corymbs many-flowered, ovary 2-celled—M. exotica, Auct. M. Murraya.| XXXIII. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 503 exotica and brevifolia, Thwattes Enum. 45.—Common in Northern India; Ceylon in Gardens only. Vaz. 2; arboreous, corymbs few-flowered or flowers subsolitary, ovary 2-celled.— M. paniculata, Jack in Mal. Misc. i. 81 ex Hook. Bot. Mise. ii.79 ; DC. Prodr. i. 537; W.G A. Prodr.94; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29. M. sumatrana, Roxb. Fl. Ind, ii. 875; Wall. Cat. 6369. Chalcas paniculata, Linn. Ch. sumatrana, Roem. Synops. fasc. i. 49 —Chiefly in the Western Peninsula. Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft. Vax. 3; ovary 4~5-celled —M. Glenieii, Thwaites Enum. 406; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 29.—Trincomalee in Ceylon.—Thwaites, l.c., gives Oliver as the author of this species, but the latter quotes Thwaites’ mss. as his authority. 2, M. Koenigii, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 315; leaves pubescent or glabrous 10-20-foliolate, leaflets small oblique, cymes terminal, ovary 2-celled. Oliv. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. Suppl. i. 29; Bedd. Flor. Sylv, Anal. Gen. xliv. ; Brandis For. Flor. 48. Bergera Keenigii, Linn.; W. & A. Prodr. 94; Wight Ic. t.13; Wall. Cat. 6370; Roxb. Cor. Pl. ii. t. 112; F2. Ind. ii. 375; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29. Along the foot of the Himalayas, from Garwuat to Sixxim, ascending to 5000 ft. ; Beneat, Peeu, and southward to Travancor and Crvton; .often cultivated. A small strong-smelling umbrageous tree, pubescent or tomentose, rarely glabrous, deciduous. Leaves often 1 foot long, narrow; petiole slender, terete; leaflets petioled, 1-14 in., variable, usually obliquely ovate, obtusely acuminate, tip notched, crenulate, sometimes suborbicular or lanceolate. Corymbs peduncled, many-flowered. Flowers white, 4 in. long, subcampanulate, ebracteate. Sepals acute. Petals linear-oblong, obtuse, dotted. Stamens alternately longer, filaments dilated below. Ovary 2-celled ; style cylindric, stigma capitate grooved; ovules solitary in each cell, or 2-superposed. Fruit ovoid or subglobose, 4 in. diam., black, rugose. Seeds imbedded in mucilage— Leaves much eaten in curries. 3. M. elongata, Alph. DC. mss. in Wall. Herb.; leaves glabrous 4-6-foliolate, leaflets 4-5 in. ovate- or elliptic-lanceolate obtusely caudate- acuminate tip notched coriaceous. Birma, at Taong-dong, Wallich. A very different looking plant from any of the forms of Jf. ewotica.—Bark on the slender branches pale yellow. Petiole with rachis 3 in., angular; leaflets pale bright- brown when dry, much longer and more lanceolate than in any form of WM. exotica. Fruit 2 in. long, narrowly ellipsoid, as in the last-named species, of which it may be a form. 15. CLAUSENA, Burm. Unarmed shrubs or trees. Leaves imparipinnate, usually deciduous, leaflets membranous. lowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes panicles or lax racemes. Calyx 4-5-lobed or partite. Petals 4-5, free, membranous, margins imbricate. Stamens 8-10, inserted round an elongated disk, the alfernate shorter, filaments usually dilated or arched and concave below the subulate tip; anthers short. Ovary stipitate, 4-5 (rarely 2-3-) celled ; style usually distinct, deciduous, stigma obtuse entire or 2-5-lobed ; ovules 2, collateral or superposed in each cell. Berry small, ovoid, oblong or globose, 2-5-celled. eds oblong, testa membranous ; | cotyledons equal, plano-convex.—DistriB. Species about 14, chiefly tropical Asiatic, with a few African and Australian. * Inflorescence terminal, panicled. 1. ©. pentaphylla, DC. Prodr. i. 538; tomentose above, leaves 3-7-foliolate, leaflets 5-9 in. ovate acuminate tomentose or. glabrate beneath, flowers 4-merous, ovary hairy, style very short glabrous. Don Gen, Syst. 1. 504 XXXII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Clausena, x 586; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 30; Brandis For. Flor. 49. Amyris pentaphylla, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 247 (error in descript. of ovules) ; Wall. Cat. 8519.” Limonia mollis, Wall. Cat. 6362. Gallesioa pentaphylla, Roem, Synops. fase. i. 45. Tropical Wesrery Himanaya, from Kumaon to Nipal, and in the Doom and Sal forests of Oudh ; Cawnpore, Hardwick. ; F Branchlets terete, softly tomentose, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves large; petiole often shorter than the ‘leaflet, terete ; leaflets membranous, narrow and more or less oblique at the cuneate base, quite entire or obscurely crenate, very shortly petioled, usually softly tomentose beneath; nerves spreading. Panicle erect, 4-10 in. long, branches long stout much divided, all very softly downy, Flowers 4 in. diam. ; buds globose. Sepals triangular, acute. Petals oblong, concave, obtuse, glabrous or hairy outside. Filaments short, broad. Fruit 4 in. diam., broadly oblong, glabrous, pale orange, papillose.—Wallich’s 8519, from the Calcutta Gardens, have very large (10 by A} in.) membranous sometimes 1-foliolate leaves, almost glabrous beneath and glabrous petals. 2. CG. heptaphylia, W. & A. Prodr. 95, im note; glabrous, leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-5 in, equal or slightly oblique at the base, flowers 4-5-merous, ovary obovoid 4-grooved glabrous, style as long as the ovary and as broad as the stigma. Oltv, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 30. Amyris heptaphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 248; Wall. Cat. 8508. Eastern Beneat, near Calcutta, Roxburgh; Siuuet, Wallich; Kuasta Mrs., ascending to 4000 ft., and Currracone, H. f. d& 7.; Tuwasserim, Griffith. A branching bush, smelling strongly of aniseed; branchlets glabrous, as thick as a crow-quill. Leaves 6-16 in.; petiole cylindric, slender; leaflets sometimes 8 in., shortly petioled, membranous, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, very obscurely crenulate, pale beneath ; nerves and costa slender. Panicle with slender spreading branches, on which the flowers are racemed. lowers } in. diam., pedicels slender, buds globose, yellow-white. Petals oblong, glabrous. Berry .4 in. long, oblong, white reddish or pale yellow, glandular. 3. G. macrophylla, Hook. f.; softly villous, leaves 5-foliolate, leaflets 5-7 in. equal or suboblique obscurely toothed tomentose beneath, flowers glabrous, stamens equal, filaments very short, ovary stipitate glabrous 4-lobed tubercled, style as long as the ovary and as broad as the stigma. C. heptaphylla var. ? pubescens; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 30. Cookia? macrophylla, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6367. Birma, on the banks of the Saluen at Trogla, Wallich. Ihave seen but one specimen. Branchlets as thick as a goose-quill, and as well as the petiole and panicle clothed with a soft spreading close-set velvety tomentum. Leaves 1 ft. ; leaflets very shortly petioled, acuminate, pale on both surfaces, nerves strong arched, margin with shallow small rather distant teeth, midrib stout; common petiole stout, terete. Panicle stout, erect, with the peduncle 1 ft. long; branches strict, erecto- radio secondary branchlets short. Flowers crowded, fy in. diam., shortly pedicelled, uds globose. Calysc-lobes 4, minute, rounded, acute. Petals broadly oblong, concave, membranous, covered with large glands. laments much dilated below; anthers large, oblong. Ovary stipitate, tubercled with very large glands; ovules 2, collateral in each cell. Fruit immature, oblong, tip obscurely 4-angled and truncate. 4, G. excavata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 87; pubescent or tomentose, leaves 15-30-foliolate, leaflets 2-35 in. oblique at the base, flowers 4-merous, ovary ovoid or elliptic sub-4-gonal stipitate hairy or hirsute, style stout about equalling the ovary. DC. Prodr.i. 538; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soe. v. Suppl. i. 31, Murraya Burmanni, Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. 315. Amyris suma- Clausena. | XXXIII. RUTACEH. (J. D. Hooker.) 505 trana and punctata, Koad. Fl. Ind. ii. 250,251; Wall. Cat. 8512. Cookia graveolens, W. & A. Prodr. 95; Wall. Cat. 8515. Gallesioa graveolens, Roem. Synops. fase, i. 45. Tropica Hrmatava, alt. 2000 ft., from Nipal, Wallich, to Bhotan, Griffith; Simmer Peeu, and Currragone, Wallich, &c. Eastern Penrnsuca 3; Mauacca, Griffith ; Penane, Porter, &.—Disrris. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. A tree,fetid when bruised, smelling of Sassafras te He ; branchlets as thick as a crow-quill and as well as the inflorescence petioles and leaflets more or less softly tomentose. Leaves 6-12 in.; petiole slender, cylindric, more tomentose than the leat- lets which are very oblique at the base, petioled, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, mem- branous, obscurely crenate, upper often falcate. Panicle 4-12 in. high, pyramidal ; branches spreading, alternate. Flowers shortly pedicelled, % in. diam., white; buds globose. Petals oblong, glabrous. Fruit 2 in., broadly oblong. Vax. villosa ; clothed with soft spreading hairs, petals hirsute.—Rangoon. 5. G. Wampi, Blanco Flor. Filip. 358; branches petioles and inflo- rescence pustular, leaves 5-9-foliolate, leaflets 2-4 in. broad ovate elliptic or lanceolate waved or crenulate, flowers 4-5-merous, ovary pilose usually 5-celled, style very short glabrous above, stigma 5-lobed, ovules 2 in each cell superposed. Oliv. in Journ. Linn, Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 34. Cookia punc- tata, Sonnerat Voy. iii. 258, t. 130; DC. Prodr. i. 537; Roxb. Hl. Ind. ii, 382; Wall. Cat. 6366. Cultivated in Inp1a and the Eastern Islands; native probably of China. ; : A small glabrous tree, with a sweet terebinthine odour. Leaves 4-10 in.; petiole cylindric, glabrous or hairy ; leaflets petioled, oblique, shining above, tip obtuse notched. Panicle large, erect, compound, branched from the base, branches stout. aie in, diam., white ; pedicels very short, stout; buds globose. Petals broad, concave. Fruit nearly globose ; rind tough, covered with glands full of green balsamic oil. Seed solitary. 6. C. Wallichii, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 35; leaves 13-17-foliolate, leaflets rhomboid or oblong-lanceolate crenulate glabrous, petiole and rachis obscurely winged, flowers 5-merous, ovary glabrous 4-5-celled, style distinct, ovules 2 superposed in each cell, Birma, Chappedong hill, Wailich. : : Branchlets terete, black when dry, smooth. Leaves 8-12 in.; leaflets 2-3 in,, alter- nate, oblique, caudate-acuminate with an obtuse notched tip, narrowed into a cuneate base; petiole very slender, margined rather than winged. Panicle 3-5 in. long and broad, much branched ; branches erecto-patent, glabrous, strict. Flowers subsessile, qin. diam., glabrous. Calyx 5-partite. Petals imbricate. Stamens 10, free, filaments thickened in the middle. Ovary on a short narrow stalk, usually 5-celled ; style very short, grooved, as broad as the stigma; ovules obliquely superposed.—Oliver remarks that when the ovary is 4-celled, the ovules in at least one cell are collateral, as also that this species weakens the distinction between Clausena and Murraya. 7. G. indica, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 36; glabrous, leaves 7-11-folivlate, leaflets oblique piles crenulate, flowers 5-merous, ovary 2-5-celled glabrous papillose, ovules 2 collateral in each cell, Bedd. Flor. Silv. Anal. Gen. xlv. Piptostylis indica, Dalz. i Kew Journ. Bot. iii. 33, t. 2; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 29, Bergera nitida, Thwaites Enum, 46. Wesrrrn Peninsura; from the Bombay Ghats, Dalzell, to the Anamallay hills, Bed- dome. Cuyton, Thwaites, : ; - Acshruborsmall tree; branchlets slender, pubescent. Leaves 4-10 in.; petioles slender, arched, terete, glabrous or puberulous; leaflets 2-4 in., petioled, very oblique, ebleng: ovate, elliptic or lanceolate, rarely almost rounded, tip rounded obtuse and gl “ or acute or acuminate, crenulate, very dark with raised ylands on both surfaces when dry. 506 XXXIII. RUTACEE. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Clausena, Panicle peduncled; peduncle hoary, corymbosely branched above. Flowers 4 in. diam., very shortly pedicelled, pale, glabrous, globose. Petals broadly ovate. Fruit 4 in. diam., globose, yellow.—Beddome considers this to be probably a variety of CO. Willdenovii, but the inflorescence is totally different. ** Inflorescence axillary, panicled or racemose. 8. ©. Willdenovii, W. & A. Prodr. 96; glabrous or pubescent or tomentose, leaves 5—13-foliolate, leaflets 1-2 in. obliquely ovate or ovate- lanceolate crenulate, flowersin compound slender racemes usually 4-merous, ovary stipitate 4-angled or grooved glabrous, style short thick, ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ti. 32; Bedd. For. Sylvat, Anal, Gen. xliv. t. 7, £3; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor, 30 ;, Wight Ic. t. 14; Thwaites Enum. 47; Wall. Cat. 8509. _Cookia dulcis, Bedd. inv Madr, Journ. 1861; Trans. Linn, Soc. xxv. 211. Icica dentata, DC. Prodr. ii. 78. Amyris dentata, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 337. Sixxm Hrmataya, alt. 1-2000 ft. Western PrnivsuLa, common, ascending to 8000 ft. in Wynaad. Cxzytzon, in the hot drier parts. —Disrriz. Moluccas. A large shrub (Roxburgh), glabrous or with the young parts and sometimes the pe- tioles and inflorescence pubescent ; branchlets slender. Leaves 6-16 in. ; petiole slender, terete; leaflets petioled, oblique, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or obtusely caudate acuminate, crenulate, membranous. Racemes slender, axillary, 3-10 in. long, branches or pedicels divaricating. Flowers fragrant, rather remote, § in. diam., whitish; buds globose. Petals oblong, concave, glandular. Fruié globose, from the size of a pea to a cherry, whitish-green, pellucid. Var. 1. pubescens; more or less pubescent or tomentose or woolly on the young bracts petioles and inflorescence or throughout. C. pubescens, W. & A. Prodr. 96; Wall. Cat. 8510.—Pegu, Madras, Ceylon. Var. 2. nana; branches petioles and racemes quite glabrous with scattered pustular glands, leaflets smaller membranous reticulate. C. nana, W. dé A.l.c.; Wall. Cat. 8507. Amyris nana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 249. Madras (Moluccas, Roxburgh). 9 ©. suffruticosa, W. ¢& A, Prodr. 96; softly tomentose, leaves 11-17-foliolate, leaflets 3-5 in, obliquely oblong or ovate-oblong, flowers in compound slender racemes 4-merous, ovary stipitate ovoid or subsphe- rical or grooved, style slender, ovules superposed in each cell. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 33; Wall. Cat. 8513, 8514. Amyris suf- fruticosa, Roxb. IT. Ind. ii. 250. Cuirracone, Roxburgh; Kuasta Mts., De Silva. Shrubby, wholly clothed with soft spreading tomentum; stem simple; branchlets about as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 1 ft.; petiole straight, slender, terete, glan- dular towards the base ; leaflets shortly petioled, obtuse acute or acuminate, often equally tomentose on both surfaces, quite entire. acemes 2-5 in., compound, slender, glandular. Flowers } in. diam., greenish-white, pedicels slender ; buds globose. Petals glabrous, concave. Jruct (according to Roxburgh) 1 in. long, fusiform or ovoid, droop- ing, orange-yellow, glandular. Seed solitary, green.—Distinguished from var. pules- cens of Willdenow by the much larger size of leaves leaflets and fruit, i 16: TRIPHASTIA, Lour. Aspiny shrub. Leaves alternate, sessile, 3-foliolate, leaflets obtuse, crenate, lateral smaller. lowers solitary, or in 3-flowered cymes, axillary, sweet-scented. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 3, free, imbricate. Stamens 6, inserted round a fleshy disk, filaments free subequal dilated at the base; anther linear. Ovary ovoid, 3-celled, narrowed into a slender deciduous style, stigma obtuse or capitate and 3-lobed ; ovules solitary in each cell. Berry small, ovoid, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded, Seeds oblong, immersed in Triphasia.] © =- XXXII]. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) 507 pales testa coriaceous; cotyledons plano-convex, often unequal or obed. 1, T. trifoliata, DOC. Prodr. i. 536; Oliv. Journ, Linn, Soe. v. Suppl. ii. 26; W. & A. Prodr. 91; Dalz. & Giibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 12. T. aurantiola, Lour.; Wall. Cat. 6381. Limonia trifoliata, Linn. ; Burm. Fl. Ind. t. 35, £1. L. diacantha, DC. Prodr, i. 536. Wesrern Pentnsuna, apparently common, but said to be an escape; commen in gardens throughout Inp1a and in various tropical countries. Aglabrous spinous shrub, with straggling evergreen branches and leaves; spines slender, straight. Leaflets thick and soft, crenulate, coriaceous, almost nerveless, the terminal shortly petioled, 3-14 in., ovate with a cuneate base and rounded notched tip ; lateral ‘smaller, more rounded, oblique. Flowers very shortly peduncled, nearly 4 in. long, white, fragrant. Petalstlinear-oblong. Fruit 4 in. long, Feaby, apiculate, gland- dotted Graham (Cat. Bomb. Pl. 23) is probably mistaken in supposing that this, which is considered by many to be a Chinese plant, is a native of the Southern Concan. I am not aware, however, that it has anywhere been found in an indigenous state. 17, LIMONTIA, Linn. Shrubs or small trees, often spiny. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate or impari- pinnate ; leaflets opposite or alternate; petiole winged. Flowers panicled, racemed or fascicled. Cély# equally 4-5-lobed or -partite. Petals 4-5, imbricate, Stamens 8-10, inserted around an annular or elevated disk, filaments subulate; anthers cordate or linear-oblong. Ovary oblong, 4-5-celled ; style short, stout, deciduous, stigma obtuse or capitate; ovules 1-2 ineach cell. Berry globose, 1-4-celled, 1-4-seeded. Seeds imbedded n mucilage ; cotyledons fleshy.—DisrrrB. Species 2-3, natives of Tropical sia, * Cells of the ovary 1-ovuled. 1. BL. acidissima, Linn. ; DC. Prodr. i. 536; spinous, glabrous, leavres pinnate, leaflets 2-4 pair sessile opposite obtuse crenulate, rachis broadly winged, racemes subumbellate, flowers 4-merous. W. & A. Prodr. 92; Grah, Cat. Bomb. Pl, 23; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 29; Bedd, For, Flor, Anal. Gen. xly. L. crenulata, Rowb. Cor. Pl. t, 86; Fl. Ind. ii. 3815 DG. lec.; Wall. Cat. 6364. Hesperethusa acidissima, crenulata and am- bigua, Roem. Synops. fase. i. 38.—Rheede Hort. Mal. iv, t. 14. Dry hills in various parts of India, N.W. Himataya in Simla and Kumaon, ascend- ing to 4000 ft.; Monghyr hills in Besar; Assam; Western Penrnsuta, from the Bombay Ghats and Coromandel southwards. Yunan, J. Anderson. : A spinous glabrous shrub or small tree, with rigid flexuous woody branches; spines 4-1 in. Leaves 1-4 in. long; petiole and rachis jointed, the former narrowly the latter very broadly winged ; leaflets 1-2 in., trapezoid-ovate, obtuse and notched at the tip, base cuneate, margins crenulate, nerves slender reticulate ; joints of rachis obovate- ‘oblong, crenulate. tacemes 1 in. long, pubescent, often leafy; pedicels slender. Flowers 4 in. diam., tetramerous, white, fragrant. Sepals small, Petals elliptic or oblong, Disk annular or columnar. Ovary 4-celled, style short thick; ovule 1 pen- dulous in each cell. Berry globose, 4 in. diam., 1—4-seeded, very acid. 12, %. pubescens, Wail. Cat. 6365 (Limonia’) ; spinous, leaflets 3-5-pair opposite broadly rhomboid or ovate obtuse quite entire or sinuate- crenate midrib beneath and winged costa pubescent. Bmaua; at Taong-dong, Wallich. 508 XXXII. RUTACER. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Limonia. The specimen in Wallich’s Herbarium is very incomplete, and the detached fruit which accompanies it is probably that of another plant. Branches woody, with short strong scattered thorns, branchlets unarmed. Leaves 3-5 in., leaflets 14-2 in., sessile, base cuneate; rachis between the leaflets zy in. broad.—? Fruit a depressed sphere % in. diam., 5-lobed, smooth, 3, L. alternans, Wail. in Voigt. Hort. Calc. 139; unarmed, leaves pinnate, leaflets 5-7 pairs alternate acuminate crenulate, rachis narrowly winged, cymes subsessile, flowers 5-merous. Kurz in Journ. As, Soc. Beng, 1873, ii. 64 (L. alternifolia). Peeu, Wallich, Kurz; Tenassert, at Mergui, Griffith. : A slender shrub, with a simple or sparingly branched stem, quite glabrous. Leaves 4-9 in.; petiole hardly winged; rachis narrowly winged; leaflets 14-2 in., ovate, sessile, terminal much larger, nerves obscure. Cymes short and shortly peduncled, axillary, glabrous. Flowers small, white. Sepals minute, acute. Petals 4 in. long, subacute. Stamens 10, the alternate longer, filaments sparsely pubescent. within. Disk thick, elongate after flowering. Ovary obovoid, compressed, smooth, 2-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous; style curved, stigma thickened—The description of the flower is from Kurz, who retains it in this genus. ** Cells of ovary 2-ovuled. 4, L. alata, W.d& A. Prodr. 92; usually spinous, leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets obovate quite entire, the lateral small, flowers 4-5-merous. Weght Ill. it. 41; Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 27; Wall. Cat. 6363 ; Thwaites Enum. 45; Bedd. Flor. Syl, Anal. Gen. xlv, t. 7, f. 4. Wesrern Peminsuza; foot of the Nilghiri and Anamallay Mts. and elsewhere in ms Madras Presidency, Wight, Maingay ; Ceyton, common in hot dry parts of the sland. A small glabrous tree ; spines 1 in., nearly straight. Leaves 2-4 in. ; leaflets 1-24 in., subsessile, base cuneate; petiole 1-14 in., winged. Panicles 2-3 in., terminal and axillary, few- or many-flowered, hoary, branches rather stout. Flowers 4 in. diam., shortly pedicelled, ebracteolate. Sepals triangular. Petals oblong. Stamens subequal. Disk small, annular. Ovary 4-5-celled; style rather slender, stigma capitate; ovules collateral or obliquely superposed. Berry 1 in. diam., globose, many-seeded. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. Limonra sitocuaris, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 377. Atalantia? bilocularis, Wall. Cat. 6356. Sclerostylis atalantioides, W. & A. Prodr. 93, not of Wight Ic. 71; Helie atalan- tioides, Roem. Synops. fasc. 42. A. buxifolia, Oliv. in Journ, Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 26.—A Chinese plant, erroneously supposed to have been introduced into the Calcutta Botanic Garden from Coromandel by Dr. Berry. L.? riavicans, Wall. Herb., from Taong-dong in Ava, » plant without flower or fruit, is not Aurantiaceous, but I cannot tell what it is. L. ostonea, Wall. Cat. 6359; an imperfect specimen without flower or fruit, may be Paramignya Grifithii. The leaves are 3-5 in., oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, and as well as the slender branchlets finely pubescent beneath ; spines short. L. renracyna, Roxb. is Bursera serrata, Wall., according to Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1870, pt. 2, 70. L. retusa, Don Prodr. 224, is probably Triphasia trifoliata. 18, LUVUNGA, Hamilt. Glabrous, climbing shrubs, usually armed with axillary spines. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets coriaceous quite entire. lowers in axillary fascicled or panicled racemes. Calyx cupular, entire or obscurely 4-6-lobed. Petals 4-5, Luvunga. | EXXIII, RUTACEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 509 free, linear-oblong, thick, imbricate, Stamens 8 or 10, inserted around a cupular annular or elevated disk ; filaments equal or not, linear-subulate, free or cuneate ; anther linear or linear-oblong. Ovary 2-4-celled ; style stout, deciduous, stigma capitate ; ovules 2 superposed in each cell. Berry large, ellipsoid, with a thick rind, 2-3-seeded. Seeds large, ovoid, testa membranous, nerved; cotyledons equal, oblong, fleshy.—Distrrm. About 4 species tropical Asiatic. 1. &. scandens, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6382; leaflets 5-12 in. oblong elliptic-oblong or lanceolate or oblanceolate tip rounded acute or acu- minate, filaments more or less cuneate. Wight Ill. i. 108; Olww. in Journ. ee Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 43; Bot. Mag. t. 4522. Limonia scandens, Roxb. Fl. nd. ii, 380. Easrern Bexeat, Assam, the Kaasra Mrs., Brrma, and Maracca. A strong scandent annual glabrous shrub, with woody flexuous branches, and re- curved spines. Leaves very variable, thickly coriaceous; petiole 2-5 in., stout, cylin- dric; leaflets smooth, shortly petioled, nerves very faint, spreading. Cymes panicled or subracemose, short, shortly peduncled, few-flowered. lowers about #in. diam., very fragrant, white. Calyx with the margin truncate and lobed more or less. Petals 4, fleshy, recurved. Stamens with the filaments sometimes united almost to the top. Ovary 3-4-celled. Berry oblong, size of a pigeon’s egg, yellowish, obscurely 3-lobed, rind smooth, pulp resinous-odoriferous. Seeds 1-3, ovoid, pointed—The description of the fruit is from Roxburgh. Malacca specimens have much broader and more obtuse leaves than the Silhet and Assam ones. Beddome (Flor. Sylv. Anal. Gen. xlvii. in note) says that this, as well as the following, is abundant in the Western side of the Madras Presidency, but 1 have seen no specimens from thence. 2, L. eleutherandra, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. ii. 258; leaflets 3-5 in. elliptic or obovate abruptly obtusely acuminate, filaments free. Oliv, in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 44; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 30. L. Tavoyana, Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 6383. L. scandens and eleutherandra, Thwaites Enum. 47, 48, 406. % Triphasia sarmentosa, Blume Byd. i. 132. Wesrern Peninsuua, in forests from the Concan southwards; Ceyton, alt. 3-5000 ft., Thwaites, &c.; ? Tavoy, Gomez.—Disrris. Java. Perhaps only a variety of LD. scandens, with smaller leaves and fruit_and free sta- mens.—Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 69) doubts Blume’s T. sarmentosa being this; but there is a Javan specimen so marked in the Herb. that altogether resembles the Indian. Wallich’s specimens of ZL. Tavoyana have the leaves even larger than those of L. scandens. 19, PARAMIGNYA, Wight. Erect or climbing shrubs, unarmed or with axillary spines. Leaves 1-foliolate, the joint often obscure, quite entire, subcoriaceous, persistent. Flowers rather large, axillary, solitary or fascicled. Calyx cupular® or small and 4-5-lobed. Petals 4-5, free, imbricate or rarely induplicate- valvate, Stamens 8-10, inserted round a columnar disk, filaments free linear equal or subequal; anther linear-oblong. Ovary 3-5-celled; style elongate, deciduous ; ovules in each cell solitary or 2 obliquely super- posed. Berry ovoid or subglobose, often contracted at the base, 1-5-seeded, tind thick. Seeds large, oblong, much compressed, testa membranous ; cotyledons fleshy, equal.—DistRip. Species 4, tropical Indian. Kurz proposes to join this genus with Atalantia (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1870, ii. 69), observing that the shape of the anthers cannot be important, that A. missionis- has a columnar disk, and that the habit is the same in both genera. All the species of both genera want a careful study and revision with better materials than I have. 510 XXXII. RUTACEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) — [Paramignya. * Flowers nearly 1%n. long. Calyx cupular with broad lobes, 1. P. monophylla, Wight Il. i. 109, t. 42 (Micromelum 4); spines recurved, leaflet oblong or elliptic with an abruptly acute tip, flowers 1-4 equalling or exceeding the pedicels, calyx cupular broadly 4-5-lobed, stamens 10-12, ovary-cells 3-5 2-ovuled. Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v, Suppl. ii. 41. : Stxxim Himaara, alt. 2-5000 ft., J. D. H.; Buoran, Booth; Knasta Mrz., alt. 2-4000 ft. ; Tenasserim, Lobb; Western Peninsota, common; the Western Forests, from the Concan southward ; CzyLon. A stout climbing evergreen shrub, with strong green flexuous woody branches and hooked axillary spines sometimes nearly an inch long; tips of young shoots and petioles often pubescent. Leaflets 24-5 in., usually elliptic and rounded at both ends, rarely somewhat obovate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate and acute or caudate-acuminate, coria- ceous, bright green ; nerves numerous, spreading ; petiole 4-3 in. lowers 1 in. diam, white, fragrant. Petals linear-oblong, very imbricate. laments linear, flattened, glabrous and hairy. Ovary hairy or glabrous; style glabrous above; ovules rarely solitary. Berry ovoid or obovoid, size of a nut or larger, yellow, odour heavy. Seeds compressed. 2, P. grandiflora, Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. Suppl. ii. 42; spines short recurved or 0, branches and leaves beneath pubescent, leaflet elliptic or ovate-oblong abruptly obtusely acuminate, flowers usually solitary shorter than or equalling the slender pubescent or glabrate pedicel, calyx cupular, filaments villous, ovary-cells 5 usually 2-ovuled. Limonia grandi- flora, Wall. Cat. 6361. Tenasserim, at Tavoy, Wallich, Helfer ; Sincapore, Lobb. A small tree (Wallich). Branches slender, terete, sometimes glabrate. Leaflets 24-4 in., thinly coriaceous, base rounded. lowers 1 in. long, as large as those of