Fao reed
Bases tee

- Crees and Sfrubse
Pe i Cen nth at (Par K

Louis Harman Peet i

————$__—

ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY

AT

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

THIS BOOK IS THE GIFT OF

Henry PELouze DE Forest

Crass oF 1884

SB 485.N5P37
Trees and shrubs of Central Park,

win

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INDEX
CENTER

Showing areas ¢o

peo SE
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SCALE
reece Seay tr eT
ie} 1000

ane

MAP OF
\L PARK,

ed by sectional maps

Sr

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Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002815342

Crees an Shrubs
of Central Park

By LOUIS HARMAN PEET

J

MANHATTAN PRESS
476 West Broadway New York

ar

NEYO PH)

Copyright, 1903, by
Louis Harman Pegr

Tue Greenwicn Press
186-:90 West Fourth Street
New York

To

CAROLINE NORTHUP PEET
AND

CYNTHIA GENEVA PERKINS

PREFACE.

THE very cordial welcome given to my guide to the
trees and shrubs of Prospect Park has induced me to
publish a similar handbook for the Central Park of
this city.

The purpose of this book is to put within reach of
the non-technical city nature lover a handy means of
identifying the trees and shrubs which he meets in his
park rambles. This identification once effected adds
immeasurable enjoyment to these rambles. It is
exasperating to walk the park paths and see the
handsome shrubs and trees and not know what
they are. Many of them are of foreign character and,
although the rambler may know the native species,
when these unusual foreign forms confront him he
cannot recognize them, for they are seldom given in
the popular handbooks. He has not time, nor
opportunity, nor the knowledge, it may be, to hunt
them out in the larger botanical works. It is the
aim of this book to supply this want.

Its plan is simple and direct. Identification is
effected largely by locating the trees or shrubs, as they

viti

are passed, by maps and by descriptions in the text
which point out enough of the salient features of each
tree or shrub to make the identification sure. Of
course, in using this book, it must be borne in mind
that it would be utterly impossible to locate on the
maps every tree and shrub passed along the walks.
This would result only in a mass of black spots from
which it would be impossible to distinguish anything.
It was therefore thought best to locate some of the
representative types clearly and distinctly rather than
to attempt to locate all from which none could be
definitely found. Try to find shrubs or trees on the
maps at easily distinguishable points and work from
these to others, verifying, as you go along, by the
descriptive text. If you find you have not judged
the distance rightly, the descriptive text should act as
a guide to set you right.

The best results, in the use of this handbook, will
be obtained if the rambler will follow up the identifi-
cation effected by it, with a more extended study of
each tree or shrub, pursuing the details of leaf,
flower, bark and bud in botanical text books or
larger works of reference, such as cyclopedias on
horticulture.

For these more extended studies, I strongly recom-
mend Gray’s ‘‘Field, Forest, and Garden Botany,”
revised by Prof. L. H. Bailey; Keeler’s ‘“Our Native
Trees” and ‘‘Our Northern Shrubs”; Apgar’s ‘‘Trees
of the Northern United States’; Dame and Brooks’s
‘““Handbook of the Trees of New England.” Any of

ix

these will make a good field book to take with you on
your rambles. Of the larger works, for reference, the
following are of great practical value: Bailey’s ‘‘Cy-
clopedia of Horticulture’; Loudon’s “Cyclopedia of
Trees’; Britton and Brown’s ‘‘Flora of the North-
eastern United States’; and Emerson’s ‘‘Report on
the Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts.’’ These can
be consulted in any good-sized library.

In the preparation and completion of this book I
wish to express, with considerable emphasis, my
acknowledgment of the courtesy extended to me in
my field work by the Park Department; especially by
Commissioner John J. Pallas, Secretary Willis Holly,
Assistant Secretary Col. Clinton H. Smith, Ex-Com-
missioner William R. Wilcox, and Ex-Secretary
George S. Terry. My thanks are also hereby tendered
to Mr. Robert Huhn, Foreman Gardener, of the Park
Department, for his very considerable aid, most
generously given.

My acknowledgments for valuable information
regarding rare varieties are hereby tendered to Dr.
Charles H. Peck, State Botanist of New York; to
Messrs. Ellwanger and Barry of the Mount Hope Nur-
series, Rochester, N. Y.; to the Shady Hill Nurseries,
Boston, Mass., and to Mr. Theodore Lawlor of
Flushing, N. Y. I wish also to express here my
appreciation of the very faithful and laborious work
of my wife, Nellie Marvin Peet, in the preparation and
completion of the index of this book. My thanks are
also acknowledged to Mr. Edward Yorke Farquhar,

x

of Brooklyn, for his very skillful work on the
maps of this book and to Mr. Gilbert Dennis, of
Staten Island, N. Y., for his painstaking efforts to
bring out the characteristics of the trees and shrubs
photographed for its illustrations.
Louis Harman Peet.
755 Ocean Avenue,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

CHAPTER
T
II.
III.
IV.
V.

VI.
VII.
VIII.

IX.
nS

XI.
XII.
XIII.

XIV.
XV.
XVI.

General

Map No.
Map No.
Map No.
Map No.
Map No.
Map No.
Map No.
Map No.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

The Pond and Vicinity............. 000000000 9

The Ball Ground and Vicinity ............. .. O61

The Mall and Vicinity. ................0000. 103

The Green and Vicinity.................0000. 131
East Seventy-second Street to East Seventy-

Ninth Street wiicsiwnse rae baad yerasecane Gs 153

The Terrace ....... 0. 0c. cc eect ees 169

We Ram Dies js, ose dus apbk Gea ead aguas & ees 187
West Seventy-second Street to West Seventy-

MIN Streetz.2 choke iw oak avawews ioe 225
East Seventy-ninth Street to East Eighty-fifth

Streets 11 asta vg cemyet ore wee deb eee 241
West Seventy-ninth Street to West Eighty-

SIKH StHEE Hick doers vious tis Gy sap Abe ee acioe aH aes 255

East Ninetieth Street and Vicinity.../........ 270

West Ninetieth Street and Vicinity............ 275
East Ninety-sixth Street to East One Hundred

and Second Street: soos econ Weaaen een ea ss 287

West Ninety-sixth Street to the Pool.......... 301

Harlem Meer and Vicinity................... 319

The Concourse and Vicinity.................. 345

LIST OF MAPS.

Wide Map is as saxo eels oO SER EE Frontispiece

PAGES PAGES

Desde aise s 2-3 Map No. 9g........ 236-237

2 ag th eees 54-s5 Map No. to........ 248-249

Baca b tags 0 96-97. Map No.1t........... 268

Rese Masaaernn 124-125 Map No. 12........... 272

Sieh ania at 146-147. Map No. 73........ 282-283

Oxemsas 162-163. Map No. 14........ 294-205

Pisce Wr ee ans 180-181 Map No.15........ 312-313

Sige as 218-219 Map No. 16........ 338-339

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FACING PAGE

Alder, Heart-leaved........ 0. cece cee eee eee ences 32, 34
Ash, Bosce’s Red. .............-00005 Po gb gies eaen eters 48
Bay; Sweet seoveve ics ead ware erste caoae wise eees 172
Beech, Weeping European. ............0 sees eee 188
Birch; Red, River or Black. . ............ 0. cee eee 25
COCR Jka 5.s5es' cad sede dhis bed teeng: Be dee, andd pe nens Maratea oP ay atansd 3 260
Cedar, Japan (Leaf-sprays) ................0 00-00 ue 196
Cedar 6f Lebanon +2 ws. csa ne et ene deea ae eecare es 265
Cherry, Mahaleb. ................ 000s eee emigrsiels ioe, 98
Cork: Tree, Chinesé:.. 0% atau eca ewe ane siti wie caine ew ok 330
Elm; Camiperdowny icici e aie nik os eee es aaa ae 115
Milam: Sie rials. a: neo liye a Whine char ls 2 atlas eaten eon Mar oe ek 112
Ginkgo ‘Treesias sagosns sc ving shee oe cee 4 BEY Se eee 11g
Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil....................00.. 227
TACSi ais 2 areduptrenatas Gi aa eis Gossips ean als Wea eioaue ne eee 328
Larch, Chinese Golden ............0 0.0... c cece eae 258
Magnolia, Great-leaved. ......... 0.0... c cee eee 174
Magnolia, Swamp. ........ 0. cc cece cece eee 172
Maple, Ash-leaved (Flowers). ...........000.00 eeu 335
Maple, Norway (Flowers)..............00ceeceeeeaee 87
Maple, Striped (Flowers) ................c eee ceeeeee 321
Ninebatks..osccaiy cnagw te we ovinea wes es Se eats 259
OB WAllOW: ccceig dia sata, 2 pana Wades ve ads uenad bbceba 156
Pine, Bhotan cate cede eeasew rein sig wad duaeeeets 257
Pine, Swiss Stone.... 2.0... 0. eee eee 263
Pine, Western Yellow. ........... 20... cece eeeees 332
Bond Dh eve sivas ov ea ugis 400k dale gee chien ga vee toed g 32
Spiraea, Reeve’s 2.0.0... 0c ccc cc ae ceca eebeecs 262
White Beam Tree. 1.0.0... 000s 139

TREES AND SHRUBS
OF CENTRAL PARK

ALINISIA GNV GNOd SAL
[oN

cl
°°

© DONT OU BW NH

Explanations, Map No. 1

Common Name.

. American or White Elm.
. European Flowering Ash.
. Silver or White Maple.

Wild Red Osier.
White Pine.
Weeping Willow.

. Bald Cypress.

Japan Quince.

. Common Sweet Pepper

Bush.

. American Hornbeam,
Blue Beech, Water
Beech.

. Black Haw.

. Black Cherry.

. Japan Hedge Bindweed.
. Common Privet.

. Arrowwood.

. Austrian Pine.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. Golden Bell or Forsythia.
. Keelreuteria or Varnish

Tree.

. California Privet.
. Globe Flower, Japan

Rose or Kerria. (In-
correctly, Corchorus.)

. Rhodotypos.
. Weigela.

(Light
flowers.)

pink

. English or Field Maple.
. Ninebark.

. Golden-leaved Ninebark.

. European Honeysuckle.
. Slender Deutzia.

Botanical NAME.

Ulmus Americana,
Fraxinus ornus.
Acer dasycarpum,
Cornus stolonifera.
Pinus strobus.

Salix Babylonica,
Taxodium distichum,
Cydonia ] aponica,
Clethra alntfolia,

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Viburnum prunijolium.
Prunus serotina.
Polygonum cuspidatum,
Ligustrum vulgare.
Virsa dentatum.
Pinus Austriaca,
Populus monalifera.

Forsythia viridissima.
Kelreuteria paniculata.

Ligustrum ovalifolium.
Kerria Japonica,

Rhodotypos kerrioides.
Diervilla amabilis.

Acer campestre.
Physocarpus (or Spirea)
opulifolia.
Physocarpus (or Spirea)
opulifolia, var. aurea.
Lonicera caprifolium.
Deutzia gracilts.

Common NAME

. Fern-leaved Beech.

. Japan Arbor Vite.

(Plume-leaved.)

. Paulownia.
. River Birch, Red Birch,

Black Birch.

. Sycamore Maple.

. White Mulberry.

. Scotch Elm.

. Scarlet Oak.

. Dwarf Mountain Sumac.
. French Tamarisk.

. Honey Locust.

. English Hawthorn.

. Common Buckthorn.

. Ailanthus or Tree of
Heaven.

. Sassafras.

. Ash-leaved Maple or Box

Elder.

. Common Locust.
. Bristly Locust, Rose Aca-

cia or Moss Locust.

. American Hornbeam.
. European Purple Beech.

. Red Maple.

. Heart-leaved Alder.
. Smooth Sumac.

. Lombardy Poplar.
. Cockspur Thorn.

Bay or Laurel-leaved
‘Willow.

. English Elm.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Red Oak.

. Hardy or Panicled Hy-

drangea.

. English Oak.

. Staghorn Sumac.

. Scotch Pine.

. Weeping Golden Bell or

Forsythia.

Botanical NAME

Fagus sylvatica, var. hetero-
phylla,

Chamaecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plu-
mosa.

Paulownia imperialis,

Betula nigra.

Acer pseudoplatanus,
Morus alba.

Ulmus Montana.
Quercus coccinea,
Rhus copallina,
Tamarix Gallica.
Gleditschia triacanthos.
Crategus oxyacantha,
Rhamnus cathartica.
Atlanthus glandulosus.

Sassafras officinale.
Negundo aceroides.

Robinia pseudacacta.
Robinia hispida,

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur-
purea.

Acer rubrum.

Alnus cordifolia,

Rhus glabra.

Populus dilatata,

Crategus crus-gallz,

Salix pies (or lauri-
folia.

Ulmus campestris.

Lonicera fragrantissima.

Quercus rubra.

Hydrangea paniculata, var.
grandtflora.

Quercus robur.

Rhus typhina.

Pinus sylvestris

Forsythia suspensa.

Common Name

. Large-thorned Hawthorn
. Common Horsechestnut.
. Van Houtte’s Spirza.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. European or Tree Alder.
. European White Birch.
. European Beech.

. Large-flowered Mock

Orange or Syringa.

. Cephalotaxus.

. Hardy or Western Catalpa.
. Pearl Bush.

. Hall’s Japan Magnolia.

. Large-flowered Mock

Orange or Syringa.

. Smooth-leaved English

Elm.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Scotch Elm.

. *Cut-leaved English Oak.
. Cockspur Thorn.

. Yellow or Sweet Buckeye.
. Red Maple.

. Purple-leaved Sycamore

Maple.

. Red Buckeye.

. Late-flowering Tamarisk.
. Washington Thorn.

. Acanthopanax.

: japan Lemon.

ock Orange or Sweet
Syringa.

udas Tree or Redbud.

nglish Hawthorn.

. Pignut or Broom Hickory.
. Dotted-fruited Hawthorn.
. Persimmon.

. Shagbark Hickory.

. White Oak

. Pignut or Broom Hick-

ory.

BoTaNnicaAL NaME

Crataegus macracantha,
Aesculus hippocastanum,
Spirea Van Houttet.
Catalpa bignontoides.

Alnus glutinosa,

Betula alba.

Fagus sylvatica.
Philadelphus grandiflorus.

Cephalotaxus Fortuntt,

Catalpa speciosa.

Exochorda grandiflora.

Magnolia stellata (or Halliana)

Philadelphus grandiflorus,

Ulmus campestit:, var. levis
(or glabra).

Lonicera fragrantissima.

Ulmus Montana.

Quercus robur, var. filictfolia.

Crategus crus-gallt.

Hvculus flava,

Acer rubrum.

Acer pseudoplatanus, var. pur-
purea.

4esculus pavia.

Tamarix Indica.

Crategus cordata.

Aralia pentaphylla,

Citrus trifoltata.

Philadelphus coronarius.

Cercis Canadensis.
Crategus oxyacantha.
Carya porcina.
Crategus punctata.
Diospyros Virginiuna,
Carya alba.

Quercus alba.

Carya porcina.

*Cut out while MS. was going through press,

98.
99.
100.

Iot.
To2.

103.
104.
105.

106.
107.
108.
109.
IIo.
III.

Ir2.
113.
114.

IIS.
I16.
117.

118,
II9Q.

120.

I2I.

122.
123.

124.
125.

126,
127,
128,
129.

Common NAME Botanical NAME
Bosc’s Red Ash. Fraxinus pubescens, var. Bosci.
Panicled Dogwood. Cornus paniculata,
Double-flowered Euro- Rubus fruticosa, var. flore

pean Raspberry. pleno. ;

Cockspur Thorn Crategus crus-galli. ;

American Chestnut. Castanea sativa, var. Ameri-
cana,

Japan Pagoda Tree. Sophora Japonica.

Norway Maple. Acer platanoides.

Mockernut or Whiteheart Carya tomentosa.

Hickory. :

Sweet Gum or Bilsted. Liquidambar styractflua.
Fontanesia. Fontanesia Fortunet.
Persian Lilac. Syringa Persica.

Japan Quince. Cydonia Japonica,
Cornelian Cherry. Cornus mascula.,

Shadbush, June Berry, or Amelanchier Canadensis.
Service Berry.
Osage Orange. Maclura aurantiaca.
Tree Box or Boxwood. Buxus sempervirens.
Hop Tree or Shrubby Ptelea trifolsata.
Trefoil.
Oak-leaved Hydrangea. Hydrangea quercifolia.
Fringe Tree. Chionanthus Virginica.
Purple-leaved European Corylus Avellana, var. pur-
Hazel. purea.
Standish’s Honeysuckle. Lonicera Standishit.
American White orGray Betula populifolia.
Birch.
Carolina AllspiceorSweet Calycanthus floridus.
Scented Strawberry

Shrub.
Double-flowered Bridal Spirea prunifolia, var. flore
Wreath Spirza. pleno,

American Bladder Nut. Staphylea trifolia.
Mountain or Red-Berried Sambucus racemosa.
Elder.
Chinese Privet. LigustrumIbota,var.Amurensis
Weigela (creamy white Déervilla grandiflora.
flowers, changing to

rose pink).
Tartarian Honeysuckle. Lonicera Tartarica.
Spanish Chestnut. Castanea sativa.
Scentless Syringa. Philadelphus inodorus
Gordon’s Syringa. Philadelphus Gordonianus.

TREES AND SHRUBS
OF CENTRAL PARK

THE POND AND VICINITY.

As you enter the Park at the Plaza Entrance,
Fifth Avenue and Fifty-ninth Street, if you love
color and the flash of crystal light over glossy leaves,
you will stop to look at the lusty bushes of Califor-
nian privet on your left. Their rich life-full deep
green foliage flings off the light in white fire at every
touch of the breeze, and, if you watch them sway,
you will see the deep sea-green flush into lighter
green, as they toss up the undersides of their leaves
or perchance your eye will catch that ice-like glint of
white sunlight just as they turn.

One cannot speak too highly of the Californian
privet. You can know that it is the Californian
privet and not the common privet by its leaves, which
are larger and oval, while the leaves of the common
privet (Ligustrum vulgare) are eliptic - lanceolate.
Besides, the Californian’s color is richer, glossier and
more of a deep sea-green shade, while the common
privet’s leaf has more of a bottle-green color.

Io

If you should happen to pass these bushes in early
summer (June), you will see their bloom-panicles
of white flowers (mostly at the ends of the branches).
The flowers are four petalled and their corollas are
funnel form. They are to me, at least, very unpleas-
ant in their odor—a sickish smell, which I wish to
get away from as soon as I come near it. These
flowers change into small black berries.

This beautiful species of privet, though known gen-
erally as Californian privet, really comes from China
and Japan. It is a profuse bloomer and in its season
is covered with its white flower clusters. In the
autumn its leaves turn a beautiful cold bronze and
their glossy, satin-like finish makes their effects truly
exquisite.

Not very far along a little by-path slips away at
your left down an easy run of stone steps toward the
Pond. The Californian privet makes a bower of it,
shooting out its lances of straight branches like
masses of soldiery at charge bayonets.

As you go down the steps at your right, a
little back from the steps, half hidden by the sur-
rounding shrubbery, chiefly privet, you will see a
small tree with a low-branching, rather squat trunk.
Were the tree not so hidden, you would notice that its
bark is of a brittle-looking gray. Its limbs are lumpy
looking in spots and it carries a compound leaf made
up of from five to nine lance-oblong leaflets. These
leaflets often have their margins crumpled and curled.
The tree is the manna tree or European flowering
ash, and is used very extensively as an ornamental

II

tree in park planting. Why it is called manna tree
does not appear so readily as its name “flowering
ash.” This fits it well, for in late May or early June
it fluffs its boughs most gorgeously with fringe-like
masses of greenish-white flowers borne at the ends
of the branches. These are very conspicuous and
show all over the tree in great clusters. They change
later into the samaras so characteristic of the ash
family, very beautiful in autumn and early winter,
when they cling to the branches in clusters of soft
fawn-colored brown. The wind makes a delicate,
crispy, tinkling music through them, which I, for one,
love to hear on a brisk wintry day, with the snow
sparkling all over in diamonds and the wind sweep-
ing the blue sky clear of clouds. The tree gets the
name Manna from the juice obtained by cutting into
the bark. It is a native of Sicily and Southern Eu-
rope.

Close down by the left of the bottom step you will
find a shrub which you will meet with frequently along
the walks of this Park. It is the Rhodotypos kerrioides
from Japan. You will know it by its rather sharply-
pointed, ovate leaves, which are beautifully doubly
serrate. Turn the leaves over and you will see that
they have considerable pubescence, markedly covered
with fine, silky hairs. This is especially noticeable when
the leaves are young. It gets its generic name from
two Greek words meaning rose and type, and the spe-
cific kerrioides refers to its resemblance to the kerria.
Indeed, its leaf looks very much like an enlarged edition
of the kerrias. The Rhodotypos is conspicuous for its

I2

branching habit, twisting its forks here, there, every-
where. It flowers in May or June, and throws out
large, solitary white blossoms at the ends of the
branches. These flowers are succeeded by beautiful
berries, rich, shining black-purple, in close clusters,
four or five together. The berries are conspicuously
surrounded by the very large and persistent calyx.
Of all the berries which September loves to work over,
I do not think there is one that compares with the finish
and gloss of the beady gems that sparkle and toss in
the sunshine of a bright autumn day on the branches
of the Rhodotypos.

The little arm of pathway leads out upon another
Walk that branches right and left to enfold the sleep-
ing waters of the Pond. As you come from the bowers
of canopied green, at the junction of the Walk, on your
right, is a fine old American elm. On your left is
white pine. Directly in front of you, as you look
toward the water, about midway between you and the
water, is, generally speaking, one of the loveliest of
Park trees, I think. Tall, graceful, aspiring, with a
conical, spire-like head which waves in easy motion to
every breeze or bows majestically in dignified submis-
sion to the harder winds, like a king to the will of a
higher power, stands a bald cypress(Taxodium dis-
tichum). You can recognize it by its form alone,
which, as has been said, is tall, slender and spire-like.
When in foliage, for the tree is deciduous, its delicate,
feather-spray leaves, which are flat and two-ranked
(distichum), give its foliage a very soft and fine effect.
The bald cypress is especially lovely at two seasons of

13

the year—in spring, when it puts forth its leaves of
tender green; in autumn, when its feathery foliage
turns to the softest shades of old gold and brown or
orange-brown, lovely beyond words against the deep
blue of an October sky. Even in winter the bald
cypress has a fine beauty. Being deciduous, it drops
its leaves, like the larch, and I know of no finer, more
delicate sight in winter than the exquisite effect of this
tree’s wire-like framework of bare branches against
the golden flame of a dying winter’s day.

The tree grows to very large proportions in the
southern swamps, especially in Florida. It gets its
name, Taxodium, from two Greek words meaning yew-
like, which refers to the leaves. In the autumn you
may chance to see its fruit, little round cones, hanging
like small green apples, amid the fast thinning leaves.
These cones are very interesting things, and if you look
sharply about the base of the tree you may find bits of
them, for they split apart and fall in pieces. The scales
are valvate, that is, join edge to edge, and if you find
pieces enough you may be able to reconstruct the whole
cone or seed ball.

As we stand here facing the bald cypress, the Walk
runs to the right and to the left about the Pond. We
will take the left hand now, and go westward with it,
along the southern border of the Pond and parallel
with Fifty-ninth Street. Proceeding then westward,
along the southern border of the Pond, a little beyond
the bald cypress, you pass beneath the overhanging
tresses of a fine old weeping willow. I suppose there
is no one who does not know a weeping willow, so it

14

is not necessary to delay longer over its description.
Its very form is enough to identify it. But in passing
let me say that I, for one, think it is a tree of great
beauty. Its long, sweeping vails of hanging green,
rustling with low, sweet music on a fair summer day,
suggests falling waters, and when the breeze turns its
leaves, what rippling lights of soft gray fleck down
the graceful tresses!

Midway between this tree and the bald cypress just
spoken of is another European flowering ash. Its leaf-
lets run in sevens and nines, and it stands about oppo-
site the weeping willow. On the left of the Walk is a
small Austrian pine. You can know it at once by the
bunching growth of its leaves, by its stocky, thick-set
look. Its leaves grow two together in a bundle
(fascicle) and are of a dark green color, very sharp-
pointed (mucronate) and rather stiffish in texture,
with quite a decided incurve. The dark green color
of the Austrian’s leaves gives the tree, when well grown,
a handsome, furry effect in winter.

A little further on, you pass Japan quince, easily
known, summer or winter, by its thorns. In early
spring this bush is a torch of crimson-colored flowers,
and all over the Park, then, you can see it glowing in
crimson, pink and white. This bush is very near the
fence, on your right, and, opposite to it, on the left, is
a fine bald cypress.

A little further along, you pass, on your right, an-
other noble old weeping willow, then bald cypress
again, tall and stately. To the right of this bald
cypress, on the point of land swelling out here, is a

15

fine mass of arrowwood. It has beautifully saw-cut
leaves. This saw-cut notching is enough to identify
it as the arrowwood (Virburnum dentatum). In June
it sends out its flowers, conspicuous, flat-topped clus-
ters or cymes of small, five-lobed blossoms, and these
change into small, one-seeded, shining blue berries
(drupes) having flattened seeds, and are usually ripe
in September.

Passing on, westward, you go by good sized clumps
of Forsythia viridissina, This is the golden bell,
which is among the earliest of the shrubs to waken in
the spring. With a profusion of wealth, it fairly foams
gold, seeming to throw it forth with a lavish fullness,
as if to make amends for the harsh paucity of winter.
How lovely its bells hang along the arching sprays, or
rather they seem more like stars, with their four-lobed
corollas burning against the bank. It is a cold heart
that cannot warm with the sight of Forsythia in spring.
The wiridissima carries a very distinguishing leaf. It
is lance-oblong and of a beautiful deep, clean green.
In the autumn it turns a rich, smooth bronze. The
shrub takes its name Forsythia from W. A. Forsyth, an
English botanist. Just beyond the Forsythia you will
pass another weeping willow, and then you have come
to the eastern edge of the platform that marks the
resting place of those winged water sprites, the swan
boats, the joy of the children in summer. How you
love to see them flap off and sweep over the dreaming
waters with the happy faced little ones. The silver
spangled foam churns behind, and the great white birds
float on and on. Would that we went with them into

16

that wonderland which opens only for those childish
eyes!

Directly opposite the easterly end of the Swan Boat
House platform, on your left, as you face west, stands
a fine bald cypress, and directly opposite the little
house which bears the sign “Around the Lake, 5 cents,”
an Austrian pine has struck its feet into the bank with
a determined grip. Up the hill, beyond it, a few feet,
is white pine again, with its characteristic level reaches
of boughs that mark it so distinctively. Just beyond
the Swan Boat House, on your right, as you continue
westwards, six magnificent cottonwoods (Populus
monilifera) rise up beside the water of the Pond.
Tall and fair and majestic, they lift their heads on
strong magnificent columns. If you love to see
strength of hard-finished bark, come and stand before
these noble specimens when the sunshine is playing
over their rugged, ridged and deeply-fissured ashy-
brown bark. Summer or winter, these trees will thrill
you. What shadow play sleeps in their ridged bark!
What showers of sunlight rain from their leaves! What
majesty and nobility in their lofty trunks as they tower
heavenward! They seem to say in their silent way,
which is so eloquent: “Lo, here have we set our feet,
lo, here we stay!” I defy anyone to stand before these
trees without a feeling of reverence and respect, with-
out an uplifting of spirit. You cannot go away from
them without having had a sense of ennoblement. All
over the Park you meet them, foot set as if halted in
some mighty march whose music has never yet been
writ upon the staff, marching with widespread arms

17

and stately poise; each like some winged victory of
Samothrace, to join the hosts of the primeval forests.
The cottonwood has a very easily distinguishable
leaf, one which you cannot mistake—large, broad,
spade-shaped or heart-shaped(deltoid). The margin
is serrate (notched) with cartilaginous teeth. The leaf
stems (petioles) are noticeably flattened and often bear
gland-like protuberances on the top. In early spring
the tree flowers before the leaves expand, showing its
bloom in long, drooping, conspicuous catkins, which
develop later into seed pods that burst and let free
the seeds, covered with cotton-like down which the
winds drift hither and thither, dispersing the seeds in
the way that Nature has ordered. The cotton-like
down has given the name to the tree, and in fact to
the whole populus family, which are often indiscrimi-
nately called cottonwoods on this account. About half
way between the third and fourth of these magnificent
cottonwoods, you will find, on the left of the Walk, two
very interesting trees. They are often called Varnish
trees, and they belong to the bladder-nut family. They
are from China, but have become quite naturalized
here, especially in parks and on ornamental grounds.
The botanical name of the tree is rather imposing,
Kelreuteria paniculata, and is taken from Joseph
Gottlieb Keelreuter, a German botanist. It is a fair
sized tree growing from about twenty to forty feet
in height, with a rather bunchy, round head, “all
head and shoulders.” ‘You can know it easily by its
long, alternate compound leaves, which are irregularly
pinnate and made up of several thin, coarsely-toothed

18

leaflets. In summer this tree throws out conspicuous
clusters of yellow flowers in dense terminal panicles,
and these flowers are succeeded, in the autumn, by
queer-looking bladdery pods which contain the seeds
packed away in three-celled compartments at the base
of the pod. These pods are of a light green hue at
first, but change, as the fall comes on, to a bronze
brown, and, as they are very conspicuous and hang on
the tree late in winter, they are an easy means of iden-
tification, for the rambler, at that time of year.

On the right of the Walk, diagonally opposite these
two Kelreuterias are three small bushes, not any of
them doing over-well. They are Tartarian honey-
suckle (the easterly bush), Arrowwood (the middle
bush, with saw-cut leaves), and Spirea Van Houttei
(the westerly bush). They are just over the fence,
about midway to the water.

As you continue along the Walk, westward, on the
left, nearly opposite the fourth large cottonwood, you
will see masses of ninebark, Physocarpus (or Spire@a)
opulifolia, You can know them by their rather three
lobed leaves and by the tattered shreds of bark that
cling about their stems. Surely these ragged rem-
nants seem to give some propriety to the name “nine-
bark,’for the bark certainly looks as if it had been
peeled more than nine times. Almost under this hand-
some cottonwood is a young Austrian pine, and there
is another coming up by the cottonwood, near the lamp-
post here.

At this point the path throws off a short arm to the
left, up a little run of steps toward the Sixth Avenue

19

Gate. As we turn to go up, we must note the pretty
honeysuckle which garnishes the bank on our right. It
is a brave old shrub, with rather ovate, glaucous leaves,
and stands on the right of the lowest step, just as you
start to go up. It is Lonicera caprifolium and, in early
summer, bears yellow or yellowish-white flowers, whose
tubes are very slender, rather bluish, but not gibbous.
The flowers are in whorls, on the ends of the branches,
which seem to run through the uppermost two or three
pairs of leaves. This characteristic is termed by botan-
ists, connate, that is, having the lower lobes united.
If you look at this plant you will see that the two or
three pairs of its uppermost leaves seem to be grown
together. Its other leaves are mostly obovate, or
slightly acute. They are also quite glaucous. This
honeysuckle comes from Europe, and its very fragrant
flowers certainly give it a welcome place with us.
To the left of the lowest step, the Californian privet
flings off the sunlight from its polished leaves in a
cool gloss of silver. By the Californian privet here,
nearer the left of the lowest steps, you will find Kerria
Japonica, Japan rose, often, but incorrectly, termed
Corchorus. As has been said above, the leaf of the
Rhodotypos looks very much like a larger edition of
the Kerria’s leaf, and you can here compare them
easily, as the bush just above, by the left of the mid-
dle steps, is Rhodotypos. The Kerria gets its name
from a British botanist, Bellenden Ker. It blooms in
late May or early summer with handsome orange-
yellow flowers of five elliptical petals. Its leaves are
thin, lance-ovate in shape, and doubly serrate. The

20

Kerria is also known as globe flower and Jew’s mal-
low. On the right of the middle steps is ninebark, and
just below it golden-leaved ninebark. Up the steps
again, by the uppermost stair, you will find, on the
right and on the left, as well, good specimens of the
English maple (Acer campestre), also called English
field maple. You can know them easily by their leaves,
which are usually five-lobed with the lobes round-cut,
making them look bluntish or squared. This cutting
of the leaf gives it a cordate or heart-shaped appear-
ance. The English maple is a hardy fellow and does
well all over the Park. If you compare its leaves
with those of the Norway maple, you will be impressed
by their resemblance, on a smaller scale, to the leaves
of that tree. They look like square-cut editions, smaller
and trimmed, of the Norway maple’s leaves. The
English maple blooms early in the spring and throws
out pretty, erect, greenish corymbs of flowers which
also resemble the blossoms of the Norway maple very
closely, except that they haven’t that full, clear, tender
light green which is the glory of the Norway’s bloom.
The fruit, or keys, of the English maple spread very
widely, and the ends tip up a little, giving a rather pert
effect, which is very pleasing.

At the top of the steps we are confronted by the
Sixth Avenue Gate. We will not go out by it, but,
turning to the right, will follow the trend of the path
toward the north.

Not very far along, the Walk throws off a path to
the left. Let us follow it for a short space. In the
point of its fork, on the right, is a beautiful clump of

21

the Deutzia gracilis, a lovely Japan shrub, about two
feet high, with finely serrated, smooth, bright green
ovate lanceolate leaves, which make it beautiful even
when not in bloom. In bloom(May)it is a fairy sight,
covered with its snow-white flowers—the very es-
sence of purity. It is aptly called “Bridal Wreath.”
It gets its botanical name from Johann Deutz, an Am-
sterdam botanist. As you go on westwards, nestling
down beside the Deutzia is the lovable little Thunberg’s
barberry, also a Japan shrub. . You can know it at once
by its fine, slender branches very generously beset with
sharp spines, or by its very small obovate leaves, usually
about half an inch long. In May its dainty sprays are
set with very beautiful flowers, waxy-yellow with
blood-red sepals, and petals softly brushed with crim-
son, like the first flushes of rose before dawn. But if
the Thunberg is lovely in bloom, it is, perhaps, more
so in fruit. Come upon it some sparkling September
morning, when the stinbeams are glistening over the
bright, coral-red berries which hang so thickly through
its now crimson-tinted leaves, and I think you will
agree with me that the hardy little barberry is worthy
of its frequent placing in our parks. Directly back
of the Japan barberry is a large mass of Rhodotypos,
and, further along, Kerria Japonica, and then Japan
barberry again. Directly opposite to this bush, on the
left, stands a very interesting tree. It is interesting
because it is often mistaken for what it is nof. It is
the Paulownia imperialis and is so similar in leaf and
form of growth to the Catalpa, that it is constantly mis-
taken for that tree, In form of growth it has a slight

22

resemblance to the Catalpa’s sprawl, but as it grows
older it attains a far more lofty and dignified aspect
than the Catalpa reaches. But in leaf the two trees are
very similar, and this, I presume, is one reason why
the two trees are so often confused with each other.
However, though slightly similar in form and closely
alike in leaf, they are widey different in flower, fruit
and bark. The Catalpa belongs to the Bignoniacee or
Bignonia family, while the Paulownia belongs to the
Scrophulariacee or Figwort family. The bark of the
Paulownia is very much like that of the Ailanthus,
dusky, often smoky gray, with fine, silvery flashings
of streaks through the gray. Its leaf is large, some-
times a foot long, and generally quite hairy on the
underside. Early in the spring this tree, if the win-
ter has not been too severe, for its buds frost kill
very easily, breaks forth into lovely bloom, sending out
beautiful, violet-colored, heavily-fragrant flowers of
long funnel form, with flaring corolla lobes. In winter
it is a very interesting tree, because of its conspicuous
fruit and bud clusters of next spring’s flowers. They
are easily seen on the upper branches of the tree, clearly
and distinctly against the sky, resembling bunches of
grapes with the grapes picked off. The fruit of the
tree is a dry egg-shaped capsule about an inch and a
half long, strongly pointed, and densely packed with
the flat-winged brown seeds.

Proceeding westwards again, just beyond the Japan
barberry, you come upon Rhodotypos, and a little back
of it and beyond, toward the northwest, stands a fine
young, fern-leaved beech of the European variety.

23

You can easily know this tree by its beautifully-cut
leaves, which make you think of ferns the moment
you see them. You can know it in winter by its light
gray, smooth bark, and by its long-pointed, brownish,
cigar-shaped buds. These long-pointed, cigar-like
buds are the sure winter mark of the beech. They
are distinctive of the beech alone, and you can be posi-
tive of the tree’s identity from their testimony alone.
Nearer the Walk again, as you go on, growing low
down, on your right, with closely-clumped, bayonet-like
leaves, is the Yucca filamentosa, or Adam’s needle. In
midsummer it sends up a long, straight shaft several
feet high from its midst and from the top of this shaft
or scape the plant throws out its handsome bloom, large,
showy, white flowers, delicately tinted with green on
the outside. It belongs to the lily family, and is some-
times called palm lily. Another common name for it
is silk grass, though it is probably more generally
known by the name “Adam’s Needle.” Back of the
Adam’s Needle you will see a handsome evergreen.
Its fine feather-spray of leaves, so distinctly plume-
like in appearance, with the rather conical or pyramidal
form of the conifer, will easily identify it for you. It
is a Chamecyparis (ground cypress) or a Retinospora
(that is, it has a resin sac in its seed) of the variety
plumosa. For fineness of effect among the Japan arbor
vite, the foliage of the plumosa (with its golden-
leaved variety aurea) is surpassingly beautiful.
Close by the Walk, as you go, at your right still, low
down and growing about a foot high, you will see
bushes with very willow-like looking leaves. These

24

are herbaceous plants, termed Amsonia salicifolia:or
willow-leaved Amsonia. They get their name from
Charles Amson. The Amsonia belongs to the dogbane
family. It bears very pretty sky-blue, star-like flowers
with salver-shaped corollas in May; dies down to
the ground in winter, and comes up again from the
roots in spring. A little further along you will see a
healthy young American hornbeam, with the birch-like
leaves which are so characteristic of the hornbeam.
Further on, you come to another good clump of Am-
sonia, and beyond it Reeve’s spirea, with lance-oblong
leaves, often quite distinctly three-pointed. This
Spirzea bears very showy white flowers in June, in
large corymbs. Growing in with it is a young English
maple.

Continuing along, you meet, still on your right, a
little back from the Walk, by the rocks, a broad-spread-
ing, brown-barked tree with smooth, shining light-
green leaves, which are variously shaped, some mitten-
like with the thumb on one side or the other, or both
sides at once, some without the thumb at all. These
mitten-shaped leaves tell you at once that it is a mul-
berry, and its smooth (upper side), shining leaves tell
you it is the white mulberry. You cannot mistake
this tree, for it stands directly opposite a lamp-post
which stares boldly upon it from the other (your left)
side of the Walk. Directly under this handsome mul-
berry are great masses of the Japan variety of hedge
bind-weed, Polygonum cuspidatum or Polygonum Sie-
boldi, with splendid, broad, oval-oblong stalked leaves
which come to an acute point at the tip. This bushy

“cE ON I dey
(B4slu DjnjIg) HOG MOVIg “HONIG AAATY “HOw aay

25

perennial flings itself right and left in glorious abandon,
arching its striped stems, beautifully tinged with crim-
son here, there, everywhere, and if you happen to pass
it in late August you will surely have to stop to look
at the fine feather-sprays of its delicate flowers which
float out and droop in pretty fluffy little panicles from
four to six inches long, from the axils of the leaves.
Close by the Walk again, at your right, nestling very
near the fence, is Deutzia gracilis again, and beyond it
syringa (Philadelphus grandiflorus).

Beyond the lamp-post, you pass, on the left, a very
interesting birch tree, the red or river birch, often called
also the black birch. You will know it easily by its
shaggy-looking bark, especially tattered and ragged on
the upper parts of the tree. In other portions of the
Park you will find this tree exceedingly shaggy, with
its tattered ends curled back, looking very much like
the bark of the yellow birch. The general tone color of
the red birch’s bark is slaty-gray with a beautiful crim-
son flush through it. This reddish-brown tinge almost
identifies the tree in itself. If you have any doubts
about it, though, look at its leaves. They are dis-
tinctly different from any other birch in the Park,
being decidedly rhombic ovate, acute at both top and
bottom, and very noticeably double serrate. If you love
to look at rough bark, the red birch, in its glory, will
satisfy your eye completely. For my part, I love to
come upon its shaggy beauty.

As you go on westwards, not very far from the red
birch, you will find, on your left, a good specimen of the
sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus). This tree has

26

a leaf which somewhat resembles the leaf of the Amer-
ican buttonwood, often called sycamore, hence the name
of sycamore maple. The botanical name, pseudo pla-
tanus, means false-platanus, platanus being the generic
botanical name of the buttonwood. Why a thing which
is not something else should be called false because it is
not that thing, is one of the queer things of botanical
nomenclature. Why could not some name meaning
resembling be chosen to indicate such similarity? The
leaves of the sycamore maple are rather thick, gener-
ally five-lobed, downy on the undersides, and with leaf
stems or petioles long and distinctly reddish. In the
spring, after the leaves have appeared on the tree, it
flowers in long, conspicuous pendulous racemes which
make you think of little hanging green baskets, such
as the children make with burs. The flowers change to
crowded clusters of winged seeds of keys, or samaras,
as the botanists call them. The wings of these seeds
are almost at right angles with each other, and the keys
hang on the tree long after the leaves have fallen, often
remaining on until well into the winter, and are one of
the means of easily knowing the tree at that season of
the year. The Walk bends around here to the north-
ward, and as you follow its easy sweep, you pass up the
hill a little, on the right, a black cherry, whose very
rough bark is almost enough to identify it. But if that
is not sufficient for you, look amid its lustrous green
leaves for the raceme that in June showed so conspicu-
ously white and later held little clusters of small, crim-
son-purple berries. A few feet further on, along this
Walk, you come to a lamp-post on your right, and on

27

your left to a left-hand branch of this Walk. Just back
of the lamp-post is a fine, old scarlet oak, with deeply-
cut, bristle-tipped leaves. On the very point of the left
hand border, where the Walk throws off its branch to
run on about parallel with Fifty-ninth Street, you will
find a Scotch elm (Ulmus Montana).

We will not continue further on this Walk, but will
go back now to the spot where we turned off by the
Paulownia below, to the Walk leading northerly from
the Sixth Avenue Gate. We will follow this Walk as
it leads on northerly from the fork by the Deutzia
gracilis and the Paulownia. Following the path in its
northerly course past large masses of rock on either
hand, over which trailing vines fall in lovely cascades
of green, joyous sights for city eyes on coming from
the streets, hot and baking, on a midsummer day.
Passing by these, you come on the right, about midway
between the fourth and fifth forkings of the Walk,
from the Sixth Avenue Entrance, to a good well-grown
Austrian pine. Its stocky, chunky form, with its long,
wire-like needles, two in a sheath or bundle, will mark
it for you. A little down the slope of the hill from it,
toward the right, wave the feathery plumes of the beau-
tiful tamarisk (Tamarix Gallica). Every breeze sways
and bends its lovely sprays of feathery green as if it
loved them, and the whole shrub seems alive with the
very quintessence of joy. Its fineness and grace and
its soft, tender, delicate green must surely stir you like
a fine poem or lulling of exquisite music. Not far from
the Tamarix, a little back toward Sixth Avenue, you
will find the dwarf mountain sumac (Rhus copallina),

28

which you can know very easily by its glossy entire
leaflets and by the distinct wing along the edge of the
leaf stem, between each pair of leaflets. This sumac in
autumn time turns a cool crimson, like the brilliant
scarlet of the staghorn or the smooth sumac, but all
the richer in effect, from its subdued fire. Its glossy
leaves give a dark, lustrous glow to the whole mass,
which seems to suggest that the shrub is just about to
break out into full flame. Proceeding onward, the next
fork of the Walk (the sixth from the Sixth Avenue
Gate northwards) brings you to some handsome honey
locusts, buckthorn, English hawthorn and bristly locust.
You can find them easily. One honey locust stands in
the very angle of the Walk’s fork. It has very dark
(almost black) bark, smoothish, save where it is broken
by rather clearly-cut ridges. The trunk and branches
fairly sprout thorns—strong, fierce-looking things with
a kind of three-tined growth which has been sufficient
to give the tree one of its names tricanthos (three-
thorned). Its genus name, Gleditschia, is from Gled-
itsch, a German botanist. This tree exhibits a strange
combination of strength and delicacy, strength in its
armed trunk, delicacy in its exquisite sprays of com-
pound leaves, made up of many small leaflets. The
honey locust is of the great pulse family, as is also the
locust, and its leaves look like finer, smaller editions of
the locust’s leaf, having from ten to twenty-four small
pinnate leaflets. The honey locust has very conspic-
uous fruit, especially noticeable in late autumn and
winter, long strap-shaped pods often curled and twisted,
at first of a striking orange-yellow, later of a russet

29

reddish-brown. These pods hold the small, oval, bean-
like seeds. Surely the honey locust is a stately tree with
its rich, blackish bark, a tower of strength, with its
fine, soft, light green leaves fluttering in exquisite
grace at every breath of stirring air. It is a tall tree,
and as the years build it up to the full of its majestic
proportions, it spreads and gains a broad, flat head,
which is very distinctive, marking the tree afar off.

At the right of the right hand branch of this fork,
you will find two more of these handsome trees, the
second is further along by the path side. The left
branch of this fork carries you on beside a very pretty
little English hawthorn, which stands just north of
the honey locust in the angle of the fork. You can tell
the English hawthorn by its long thorns, by its simple
(that is, not compound) leaves, which are alternate
on the branch, smooth, noticeably cut-lobed and with a
wedge-shaped base. The fruit of the English hawthorn
is a small, coral-red berry about one-third of an inch in
diameter, and hangs in clusters on the tree late into
the winter.

Beyond the English hawthorn you will find, still
close by the right hand border of this left hand fork of
the Walk, common buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica.
By the careless eye, its leaves are mistaken for those of
the flowering dogwood or the Cornelian cherry, but if
you will look at them closely you will see that though
they do somewhat resemble the leaves of these varieties
of Cornus, they are minutely serrate, while those of
the Cornus are entire and curved-veined (not feather-
veined like the buckthorn). Again, the buckthorn’s

30

leaves are lustrous and silky of texture, especially on
the upper sides. You can further distinguish the
buckthorn by the little fine thorns (almost a prickle)
at the ends of the branchlets. The buckthorn’s leaves
are generally arranged alternately on the branch, but
often many of them are opposite. The flowers of this
shrub are small, greenish, four-parted, scarcely notice-
able, in clusters in the axils of the leaves and they are
succeeded by small green (later, black) berries, about
a third of an inch in diameter, which contain from two
to four seeds. The berries are ripe about September.
Beyond the buckthorn you come to honey locust again,
and, if you follow this left branch of the fork to where
it meets the Walk by the Drive, you will find, all
frouzled over the rocks, on the right, near the junction,
tangled in delightful abandon, great masses of the
bristly locust, which you will have no difficulty in know-
ing by its very bristly branches. The bushes bear
lovely pink flowers in June, and the fruit which suc-
ceeds them lives up to the name bristly.

Let us now come back to the honey locust, which, as
stated above, stands exactly in the northern angle of
the fork we have just been considering, and let us fol-
low its right hand branch as it curves gently around
to the eastward to the Stone Bridge over the Pond. A
lamp-post stands at its next junction, and just beyond
it, as you go east, on your left, is a sycamore maple,
and opposite to it, on the right, is a fine old American
elm. Continuing along a little stretch here, you pass
on your left, in a beautiful open cluster, a graceful
group of three purple beeches. These are of the Euro-

HEART-LEAVED ALDER (4 /nis cordifolia)

Map 1. No. 50.

31

pean variety, as you can distinguish by their entire,
ciliate or hairy margins, so different from the strongly-
toothed leaves of our native beech. The leaves of these
trees come out a deep dark crimson purple in the spring
and hold that color late into the summer. Their
bark is a fine light gray, and the swing of their
branches is noticeably horizontal from rather short,
squatty trunks. They are beautiful trees and well
worth your careful consideration. As you follow the
path along, it bends gently here to the southeast, and
about midway down the slope of the hillside, on your
left, you will see a very interesting tree. It is the heart-
leaved alder, Alnus cordifolia, with dark green, heart-
shaped leaves which have a lustrous shine through
their rich green. You cannot mistake the tree, for it is
hung full of its telltale “cones,” the seed receptacles
of the alder. The tree is a native of southern Europe
and flowers early in March or April before its leaves
come out. Its flowers are greenish-brown.

In the next bend of the Walk, on your left, you will
have to stop surely to look at the handsome masses of
the smooth sumac which fling out scarlet and orange
in such beautiful blendings in autumn. ‘The easiest
way to tell a smooth sumac from its twin brother, the
staghorn (for the leaves are very much alike) is to
look at the branches. The branches of the smooth
sumac are beautifully smooth, a clean, clear pinkish-red
or magenta-crimson, overlaid with the loveliest of
lilac bloom. The branches of the staghorn sumac are
as different as can be—covered with a sticky pubes-
cence. This pubescence, when the leaves of the bush

32

are off, gives the branches a look which so closely
resembles the horns of a young stag, that the bush has
been named staghorn sumac, from that feature alone.
The clump here, as you see, has its end branches
smooth and without hairs. Opposite this clump, on
the right of the path, stands a good-sized American
hornbeam or water-beech. The hornbeam has simple,
alternate leaves which are straight veined, like the
beech and the chestnut. From here the path bends to
the east and crosses a vine-hung Stone Bridge, of the
old Roman type, which spans the waters of the Pond.

As you go on, you pass, on your left, a good cluster
of bald cypresses, tall and spire-like. About opposite
the most easterly of these bald cypresses, close by the
Walk, you will find black haw (Viburnum prunifolium)
a small tree with simple, opposite leaves very finely
serrated and with little flanges .(or wings) along the
edges of the leaf-stems (petioles). In early May or
June it turns into a cloud of white bloom—large, con-
spicuous, flat-topped clusters of flowers on the ends of
the branches. These change into small berries, blue-
black and sweet when ripe in September. But long
before they are ripe you can see the berries hanging
in green clusters on the tree. With the first biting nip
of frost they flush softly to a lovely pinkish-blue and
then, as they ripen, to blue-black.

As you approach the Stone Bridge you pass many
things of interest; on your right, Ailanthus (nearly
opposite the lamp-post on the left of the Walk) then
Weigela, then staghorn sumac (note its pubescent
terminal branches), then pouring over the stone wall

‘INOg IHL

33

here in fountain-like spray of green, with sweeping
branches is the lovely Lycium barbarum, matrimony
vine or box thorn, sending out in summer its beautiful
bell-shaped pale blue flowers. Beyond the Lycium is
Van Houtte’s spirzea, then Lombardy poplar with
branches hugged close to the main trunk, and close
by the Bridge, another bush of the beautiful Spirea
Van Houttet, On the left of the Walk, just beyond
the lamp-post, and about opposite the Weigela, a great
puff of feathery green tells of another Tamarix gallica.
Across the Bridge you pass on the right, nestling quite
near the corner, a fine young cockspur thorn, with
glossy, dark green, shining, wedge obovate leaves.
Rising from the masses of shrubbery here, a good
sized laurel-leaved willow flashes the light in showers
of crystal from its laurel-like eaves. Beyond is more
staghorn sumac, then ninebark, Forsythia viridissima,
Rhodotypos, and Lonicera fragantissima, the last on the
point where the Walk forks. On the left you passed
Californian privet, Lombardy poplar, syringa (Piil-
adelphus grandiflorus), Judas tree, with large heart-
shaped leaves, golden-leaved ninebark, fine masses of
syringa (opposite the staghorn sumac), Judas tree
again close by a handsome cranberry bush, then
ninebark, Philadelbhus grandiflorus and Spirea Van
Houttei on the point of the left hand fork of the Walk.

This fork sends out two branches, one to the right
creeps down around the Pond and ultimately meets
the path that comes down the steps by the Plaza En-
trance, where we started in. The left fork runs off
in a northeasterly direction to the Drive and follows

34

along beside it toward the Mall. Let us follow the
right fork for awhile and then take the left from this
point.

Not quite half way to the next fork (the one that
slips away under an Arch to the Arsenal) you will see,
on your right, as you go southerly, a fine, healthy red
oak. You can know it by its bristle-tipped, oval or
oblong leaves. The leaves are cut deeply into pin-
natified lobes. The red oak’s buds are distinctive, too,
clean cut and glossy red in winter. Diagonally across
from it, well up on the bank, with broad, outcast arms
and a noble trunk, stands a flourishing English oak.
It stands in the bend of the left hand border of the
Walk, and you can tell it at once by its broadly oval
leaves slightly lobed and distinctly eared at the base,
about the leaf stem, where they seem about to clasp
the petiole. Its acorn is certainly beautiful, a polished
olive-green, over an inch long and about a third en-
closed in a clean, hemispherical cup. Directly oppo-
site the path leading under the Arch here is a fine
mass of the staghorn sumac, filling in the bank between
the Walk and the water. It is a well-grown mass, with
branching antlers of sweeping fronds that blaze a
glory of crimson and scarlet and gold in the autumn.

Here, before we continue southwards, let us turn
off to the left, and pass through the Arch which leads
the path northeasterly from the handsome clump of
sumac, under the Drive, towards the Arsenal.

On going through the Arch, you will come on your
left, after passing a fine bush of the sweet syringa,
to a very interesting shrub with dark-green leaves

HEART-LEAVED ALDER (Alnus cordifolia) (Looking north).

Map rt. No. 50.

35

which droop like damp feathers. If you know the
English yew, you will be struck by the resemblance of
its leaves to those of the shrub before you, save that the
leaves are much longer and are whitish, not yellowish,
on the under sides. This whitish cast is a distinctive
feature, and will tell you at once that the shrub is
not Taxus baccata, but Cephalotaxus. There are two
bushes of it here, and they stand almost directly oppo-
site the lamp-post on your right. They are good
specimens of the Cephalotarus Fortunei. Note their
low spreading form of growth, which is very differ-
ent from the more upright habit of Taxus baccata.
Cephalotaxus gets its name from its method of flow-
ering, breaking out its staminate flowers in clusters or
heads. It is a Japan growth and has a generally yew-
like appearance, but it does not grow into a tree. It
forms rather a wide-spreading bush, and its rich,
glossy, dark green (on upper sides) leaves will be
sure to arouse your enthusiasm. Indeed its leaves have
almost a satin-like finish. These leaves are linear, flat,
arranged in parallel rows (termed two ranked), and
are from two to three inches long. The tops droop
heavily. The yew’s leaves are much shorter, stiffer and
more mucronate. The midrib is very prominent on
both sides of the leaves of Cephalotaxus. The fruit of
Cephalotaxus is also quite different from the fruit of
the yew. The latter bears a fleshy, crimson cup or
capsule, which contains the seed or nut, black when
ripe, which seems cleverly sunk in the cup about three-
fourths down. The fruit of the Cephalotaxus has its
nut completely incased by the pulp-like covering..

36

Almost concealed from view, up the bank, on the
right of the Walk, is a fair specimen of American
bladder nut, which you can identify by its leaves,
which are in leaflets of three. Its flowers are very
pretty, in white racemed clusters, in April or May.
These flowers change to bladder-like pods.

Just beyond the Cephalotaxus, on the right of the
Walk, you come to two very good specimens of the
Western or hardy Catalpa, Catalpa speciosa. The first
one is just a little diagonally across from the Cepha-
lotaxus. The second is directly opposite a fine black-
barked, lovable old honey locust, which is just beyond
the Cephalotaxus, on the left of the Walk. There are
several more of these Catalpas along here, and they
furnish a good chance to note how very different
they are from Catalpa bignonioides. The speciosa
grows tall, Y-form, and branches high up, while the
bignonioides branches low, with a rambling, sprawling
reach of boughs which gives it a bunchy head, strik-
ingly distinctive from the erect, almost elm-like form
of the speciosa. How different they are in bark. The
hardy or Western catalpa’s is thick, runs in longi-
tudinal lines and fissures something like the habit of
the basswood, while that of the bignonioides seems thin
and scale-like over a smoothish underground of dull
brownish gray, with nothing of the longitudinal run
of fissure. These scales seem to almost tempt the
finger to pick at them. The speciosa, as has been
said, is a tall tree with thickish bark. Its leaves are
downy and soft, heart-shaped and noticeably long-
pointed. Its flowers also differ from the bignonioides

37

in being only slightly spotted. Indeed they are almost
white. These flowers are about two inches long and
are slightly notched on the lower lobes of the corolla.
The fruit of the tree is a thick pod, shorter than the
pod of Catalpa bignonioides. Beyond the second of
these hardy or Western catalpas, close by the Walk, still
on your right, you pass a Sophora Japonica, of the pulse
family, with panicles of cream-white flowers in sum-
mer, which change into long, chain-like greenish pods.
Then you meet honey locust, a fine mass of Weigela
with white flowers that change to pink, and another
Catalpa speciosa, just as the Walk bends east to cross
the Bridle Path on its way to the Arsenal.

Up to this point (the Bridge here), you have passed
on your left, beyond the two bushes of Cephalotaxus
mentioned above, three well-grown honey locusts, with
blackish bark and strong, fierce-looking thorns sprout-
ing from the rather smoothish surface; with delicate
waving leaf sprays of tiny leaflets. Still further on,
you will find some more of the hardy catalpas, one
quite close to the Bridge which spans the Bridle Path
here. As you stand on the bridge and look north,
following the easy curve of the Bridle Path with your
eye as it swings gently to the west, close by the Path,
almost due north of the catalpa by the left hand
corner of the Bridge, you will see another member
of this same clan. Almost due west of this Catalpa
speciosa stands a magnolia, which you will do well
to see early in spring—March or April—when it bursts
out into the purest of white flowers. These flowers are
made up of many long, narrow petals, almost ribbon

38

like, which when fully blown give a very beautiful, star-
like look. Indeed this star-like appearance of its
flowers has given the tree its botanical name, Magnolia
stellata (or Halliana), Hall’s Japan magnolia. Its
flowers are very fragrant and the purity of their white
is something you love to look upon. The tree is of a
spreading habit of growth, has obtusely-pointed, obo-
vate leaves, which are downy, when young, on the
undersides. It is an importation from Japan.

If we cross the Bridge and go on eastwards, down at
the southeast corner of the Bridge a good osage orange
flutters its glossy leaves right in your face. You can
know it easily by the spines in the axils of its leaves.
This is on your right, almost at the end of the Bridge.
On your left there are several things of interest. As
you pass along toward the Arsenal at the left hand
corner of the Bridge, just as you step from it, stands a
well-grown specimen of Lonicera fragrantissima which
you recognize easily by its thick, ovate leaves notice-
ably cusped. Its shaggy stems will perhaps recall
“ninebark” to you, but if you look closely you will see
the difference between the stems of the two. Surely
a word must be said in praise of the lovely bloom of
the Lonicera fragrantissima. When all the ways are
bare, this brave bush sends out upon the keen breaths
of March or April breezes the ineffable sweetness of
its fragrant flowers. Their perfume comes upon you
with a thrill in all this air of chill and deadened life,
and the joy of the coming bloom wakes in you. You
feast your eyes on the fairy-white blossoms so deli-
cately flushed with pink. It is almost the first white

39

that breaks in spring, and how you love its purity and
delicacy and modesty. It is indeed lovely and lovable,
and its blooming while yet most things are asleep,
brings with it a renewed sense of the life that is eter-
nal and inextinguishable, the awakening of purity and
the fragrance that exhales from good and perfection.
Silently every year the Creator sends these symbols to
us. How do we read them? Go, stand before the bush
honeysuckle in the bare days of spring and let its mes-
sage fill your soul with a perfume as real as its fra-
granice.

Just beyond the fragrantissima stands an elm with
smooth and glossy leaves, whose shape and cutting
tell you at once that it is of the English kith. It is the
smooth-leaved variety of Ulmus campestris. Notice,
too, its rather smoothish branches. It is ulmus campe-
tris, var. laevis (or var. glabra). At the very tip of
this point of Walk stands a bristly-looking small
tree, whose vigorous thorns and thick, leathery leaves,
long wedge-shaped at base, will easily identify it to
you as a fair specimen of the cockspur thorn.

Chinese privet and mountain elder will be found near
the Bridle Path, not far from the Bridge just passed
on this Walk. The privet has upright branches, oval,
obtuse leaves; the elder carries its flowers in a raceme.

Near the Aviary, south of the Arsenal, quite close
to the house itself, you will find a well-grown yellow
or sweet buckeye Avsculus flava. It has from five to
seven leaflets palmately arranged. These leaflets are
rather elliptical in form, gradually narrowing down
from a broad middle to pointed ends. Their leaf stems

40

or petioles are rather flattened toward the base. In
spring (May) this tree sets up its flowers in erect,
short and thick panicles. The flowers are distinctly
yellowish, and their four petals are longer than the
stamens. These flowers are succeeded by a clean,
globose fruit, which is smooth and of a pale, rusty-
looking green. As you look at the smooth husk you
see that it is covered with fine, scale-like markings.
The smoothness of the fruit is one of the absolutely
determining features of the tree, very different from
the densely-prickled fruits of the Hsculus mppocas-
tanum, the common horsechestnut, and A?sculus glabra,
the Ohio buckeye, which is also pretty well covered
with prickles.

Over by the northwest corner of the Arsenal you
will find a red maple, easily known by its generally
three-lobed (often five) cordate or heart-shaped bases,
and, alongside of it, a fine purple-leaved sycamore
maple.

In the left-hand corner of the little arm of the Walk
that runs northward through the Arch beneath Trans-
verse Road No. 1, you will find an excellent specimen
of the red buckeye Asculus pavia. Do not confound
this tree with red-flowered 4sculus rubicunda, which
is a hybrid between 2sculus hippocastanum and Ais-
culus pavia. The pavia’s leaves are oblong lanceolate,
the rubicunda’s are like those of the hippocastanum,
except that they come to a gradually narrowing point,
whereas the leaves of hippocastanum are obovate and
abruptly pointed. This tree here is A’sculus pavia,
with from five to seven leaflets of a clear shining

4I

green and generally smooth. Its flowers are bright
red, and its fruit is smooth, oblong and about an inch
in length, which distinguishes it from the large (about
two inches broad) roundish fruit of the fava.

We will not continue further on this Walk, but go
back to the Arch by the Cephalotaxrus, and follow the
Walk that trends southward along the shores of the.
Pond.

This Walk runs on by the Pond, southwards, past
great masses of the Japan hedgebindweed, Polygonum
cuspidatum, embowering a long stretch of the right-
hand border of the Walk between the junction of the
path leading under the Arch and the next branching
of the Walk by the Moore Statue. As you follow
along by the Polyganum, about midway between the
two forks, rising up at the water’s edge, is a good-
sized European alder, with leaves noticeably notched
at the top. You can know it easily by its “cones,” as
it is the only alder growing here.

A little further along you come, on the right, to a
pine tree with short twisted leaves two or three inches
long, of a glaucous green shade, gathered two together
in a fascicle or sheath. This is the Scotch pine, and
it is doing very poorly here, surely. Beyond, close by
the Walk, on the same side is a fine mass of the For-
sythia suspensa, You can tell it by its long sweeping
recurring branches and by its broad ovate leaves, very
different from the narrow lance-like leaves of the For-
sythia viridissima, Passing on, you come to a spot
where the water slips in close to the Walk. Over-
hanging it, from the northerly shore, are European or

42

tree alder and European birch. On the southerly
shore are several very handsome European beeches,
with short thick smooth gray trunks, horizontal
branches and toothless leaves. Here the Walk throws
off another branch, out to the Drive. There is a bust
of Moore, the poet, along its northerly side. Just at
the bend of the branch you will see a handsome haw-
thorn with elegant shining clean leaves of a beautiful
dark green and branches set with strong, somewhat
reddish, thorns. This is Crategus macracantha. Across
the Walk, at the bend of the southern border, are two
Van Houtte’s spireas. If you should follow this
branch Walk out past Moore’s Statue toward the Drive
you will come upon a fine catalpa and some well-grown
horsechestnuts. Following the Pond path, southerly,
you pass near the duck pen, where the water again
comes very close to the path, several good American
hornbeams with birch-like leaves and strong muscle-
like looking branches, smooth bark streaked with fine
veins of silvery gray. The European hornbeam has
less of this pronounced muscle-like ridging of its
branches. On the other side of this little duck pen
the Walk rambles beside more masses of the Japan
Polygonum. About midway between the duck pen
and the next fork of the Walk (the last by the extreme
southeasterly corner of the Pond) stands another good-
sized American hornbeam and, beside it, further along,
is black haw again. On the other side of the path,
the left as you go south, is a shrub with low sweeping
branches which arch and curve in beautifully tangled
masses. This shrub, Cornus stolonifera, as its name

43

implies, spreads by underground shoots which grow
so rapidly and so thickly that the tangled masses be-
come thicket-like. It is a handsome shrub in winter.
Then its ruddy branches, noticeably streaked with fine
gray lines, brighten and glow in brilliant crimson, mak-
ing a rich sight against the snow. Its leaf is of a
lighter green, narrower than the flowering dogwood’s,
and pointed. In June this shrub blooms and breaks
in flat conspicuous cymes of white flowers, and these
are succeeded in late August by gray-blue or lead-
colored berries. Just behind this Cornus, toward the
Drive, is a fine mass of American elder, with compound
leaves of from seven to eleven leaflets. The lower
leaflets are often three-parted.

A little further on you come to the fork of the Walk
by the lamp and the stairs leading from the Plaza
Entrance, whence we came down to go around the
Pond.

Now let us go back to the first fork of the Walk
east of the Stone Bridge, and follow its left-hand
branch, northeasterly toward the Drive. As you come
near to where this branch opens out into the drive
walk, on your right you pass a compact hawthorn with
rather triangular or heart-shaped leaves. These leaves
are of a beautiful dark lustrous green, and are from
three to five-lobed. This tree is a fine type of the
Washington thorn, Crategus cordata. It flowers hand-
somely in May or June in terminal white corymbs.
These change into small coral red berries about the
size of smail peas, are ripe in September, and remain
hanging on the tree long after the leaves have fallen,

44

late into the winter, and their ruddy bunches are cheery
sights when trees are bare and winds are keen and-
whistling. Directly across from the Washington thorn,
on the left of the path, is Acanthopanax or Aarlia penta-
phylla, a small shrub, a native of China and Japan,
with prickly stems, rather sweeping and arching, that
do well especially ‘n rock-work effects ; with handsome
deep green leaves which are usually five-cleft (some-
times three-cleft) into serrate ovate-lanceolate seg-
ments which ray out like the fingers of a hand or the
ribs of a fan.

Down the slope of the hill a little back of the Acan-
thopanax, toward the water, you will, if you pass here
early in September, find a small tree about the size
of a black haw, with trifoliate leaves and small green
limes hanging on its branches. This is the Citrus tri-
foliata, or Japan lemon. In May it blooms in creamy
white flowers. Passing along to the Drive Walk, we
will go northwards. But before doing so, perhaps
you would like to see the Tamarix Indica, just around
the corner of the Walk’s junction, to the south. You
cannot miss it, for its fine feathery plumes wave by
the Walk (at your right as you face south) in long
plumes of the softest green.

Continuing northward from the Walk’s junction,
you come to a bridge over the Bridle Path. At its
southwesterly corner stop and look at the handsome
European hornbeam that flings up its healthy foliage
close by the bridge here. This is a fine specimen of
its kind and, as it fruits heavily, it will afford you an
excellent opportunity to study the differences between

45

it and our native hornbeam. The fruit of the Amer-
ican species has the bracts of its fruit clusters lopped
off close, while the European has them very much
longer, giving the bract a halberd-shaped appearance.

Across the Bridge, a few feet further on, the Drive
Walk throws off an arm to the left. Let us go with it.
On your left, as you turn, is an English hawthorn, and
on your right, a good silver maple. The path runs
down a series of steps beside great masses of natural
rock in a most pleasing way. By the top step, at your
left, are dotted fruited hawthorn, sassafras and For-
sythia suspensa. The Forsythia is directly to the left
of the top step, the others are just east of the Forsythia.
The sassafras has heavy rough bark and leaves of three
different forms, mitten-shaped with the thumb on either
side of the leaf, or with both thumbs on one leaf, or
single lobeless leaves, without thumbs at all. The haw-
thorn has long thin thorns, wedge-obovate leaves of
light green and rather thin texture. Directly at the
right of the top step is pignut hickory. At the left
of the second step or series of steps is shagbark hickory,
and at the right of this step, standing side by side,
are two good persimmon trees. These, by their rough
heavy bark, might be mistaken for sassafras trees,
but their entire lobeless leaves (all of them) will save
you from this mistake. The persimmon carries a
flower that, to me, is very pretty, a small, pale yellow
or almost white, urn-shaped affair, very daintily turned.
The tree belongs to the Ebenacee or ebony family and
gets its name Diospyros from two Greek words mean-
ing Zeus’s (Jupiter) fruit. At the third steps on your

46

left are two sassafras trees, and on your right, grow-
ing up on the rock here is a fair-sized white oak.
Notice its light granite-gray bark, broken into strip-
like plates. Its leaves are of the typical white oak
form, and the tree is a fair specimen.

Near the lamp-post, by the Bridle Path, on your
left, you will find a good young Crategus macracantha,
with glossy dark green oval leaves and stout strong
thorns. As you go westward, you pass sassafras again
and then a fine pignut hickory. Beyond the hickory
on the other side of the path (your right), near the
spot where the mass of rock melts down to the ground,
a sturdy white ash throws out its spreading branches.
You can tell it by its bark alone—a beautiful cross-work
of lozenge-shaped plates which in winter is a joy to
the eye. This ash tree stands directly by the Walk
where the large mass of glacier-smoothed rock rolls
its bulk down to the ground. The tree has compound
leaves, made up of from seven to nine ovate or lance-
ovate leaflets. Just before you come to the ash, on
your right, is a tall well grown American chestnut.

As you go on, about half way between the white
ash and the next bend of the Walk, which is directly
at right angles (off to the right and northward) you
will find a rather upright bush about five feet high,
with quite a maze of branches for so modest a shrub.
This feature alone sets your eye wondering, especially
if you come upon it in the winter. It is the panicled
dogwood and has simple, opposite, entire leaves, which
are quite pointed, generally lance-ovate in shape,
lightish beneath, and with an acute base. In early

47

summer it blooms in conspicuous cymes, distinctly
panicled, of cream-white flowers, and these are suc-
ceeded in late August by white berries on red stems.
This shrub is often confused with Cornus stricta, from
its upright form of growth. But stricta has both sides
of the leaves green and carries pale blue berries.

Diagonally opposite the panicled dogwood, a little
east of south, just over the fence at your left, gathered
in tangled but pleasing bramble, you will find the
European blackberry, Rubus fruticosus. This blooms
in early spring with pretty rosette-like pink double
flowers. You will know it by its blackberry-like leaves.
Diagonally opposite the panicled dogwood, a little west
of south, close by the fence, with conspicuously three-
lobed leaves, you will easily recognize the handsome
Japan ivy Ampelopsis tricuspidata. This vine has the
added beauty of having variegated leaves. A little
beyond the Ampelopsis, a good-sized cockspur thorn
stands by the fence, on your left, and throws over the
Walk its beautiful glossy wedge-oval leaves, broad at
the top and narrowing to a tapering base. Its long,
slender but very sharp thorns will identify it for you.
The cockspur usually develops a very flattish head, and
this tree shows the characteristic mark.

As the Walk makes its bend to the right and climbs
a rise toward the swings, almost in the elbow of its
turn, on your right, is a white oak. As you go up
the rise, just beyond the lamp-post at the bend of the
Walk, out by the border of the Bridle Path, south-
westerly, is sweet gum—a tall rough-barked tree with
good-sized star-shaped leaves. As the path ascends,

48

a little above the Arbor, you will find standing, almost
opposite to each other, two catalpas, with large heart-
shaped leaves and light grayish bark. Beyond them
the path forks, the left branch running up to the Kin-
derberg, the right around by the swings to the Dairy.
Beyond the swings, as you go toward the Dairy, you
come to an interesting tree on the left of the Walk.
At first glance you might mistake this tree for our
native white ash, similar to the one you passed down
by the Rock Walk near the panicled dogwood. But
look at the leaves closely. They are compound and_of
five leaflets, with the leaflets opposite (except the ter-
minal one). These features say “ash” to you, and ash
the tree is; but not white ash. Wherein lies the dif-
ference? Look at the leaf-stems, the petioles of the
leaflets, and the end shoots of the branches. Do you
see the very marked pubescence? Note also the dark,
lustrous, glossy shining green of the upper sides of
the leaves and the rather rusty pubescence on the un-
dersides. These show the tree to be Bose’s red ash.
The white ash has smooth leaf-stems and smooth ter-
minal branches, with a more silvery whitishness on the
undersides. It is the pubescence which distinguishes
the red ash. The tree gets its botanical specific name
pubescens from this feature. Its common name red
ash is derived from the darker color of its wood.
To the left of the red ash, almost in a line with it
and the persimmon across the Walk, is a shrub about
ten or fifteen feet high with pointed ovate lanceolate
leaves, glossy and not serrated. This is Fontanesia
Fortunei, a pleasing shrub introduced from China.

s Reo Asu (Fraxinus pubescens, var. Bosct)

Map 1. No. 08.

49

It gets its name from Desfontaines, a French botanist.
In May or June it sends out its creamy-white flower
clusters in both terminal and auxillary racemes or
panicles. The Fontanesia has rather quadrangular
branches and flat-winged seeds.

The next tork of the Walk, close by the Dairy, shows
in its left-hand corner a handsome Japan quince which
bears crimson flowers early in the spring, and directly
opposite to it, in the bend of the right-hand fork, is
a Persian lilac which blooms in May with handsome
lilac-colored flowers.

If you follow the right-hand fork past the Dairy,
and toward the Drive, just beyond the Dairy, on your
left, you will find a honeysuckle which somewhat re-
sembles the fly honeysuckle. It stands on your left,
about half way between the Dairy and the large Pau-
lownia which you easily recognize by its little “grape-
bunches” of flower buds and catalpa-like leaves. The
Paulownia is midway between the Dairy and Drive,
on the left. But to come back to the honeysuckle. It
is the Standish’s honeysuckle (Lonicera Standishii).
It is an early bloomer, coming out in March or April
with very fragrant white or blush-tinted flowers on
hairy footstalks. Its delicate blossoms give the bush
a dainty look lovely to see, while yet the paths are
lined with bare shrubs and trees. The leaves of this
honeysuckle lack the cusp at the top of the leaves
which so characterizes the fragrantissima. The leaves
of the Standishii are leathery (coriaceous) and have
ciliate or hairy margins. In form the leaf.is ovate-
lance shape and has a hard finish appearance, especially

50

on the upper side. The branches of the honeysuckle
are also hairy. It is a native of China, but has been
naturalized in England and this country.

Coming back now to the fork of the Walk by the
Dairy, let us take the left-hand branch and go west-
ward and northward. Just beyond the Japan quince,
on your left, is Crategus macracantha, with its glossy
oval leaves. Opposite to it, on the right of the Walk,
is shadbush with its beautifully marked bark, steel-
gray with darker lines like veins streaking it in a
way which if once noted will never be forgotten. This
is its special winter mark and its glory. The shad-
bush is very beautiful in early spring when it sends
out its cherry-like blossoms in white flowered racemes
from the ends of the branches just before its leaves
begin to appear. -Its leaves are very finely serrate,
one of nature’s specimens of art work in leaf cutting.
They are about three inches long, varying from a
rather oblong shape to a roundish or heart-shaped
form. The fruit of the shrub is a small globular berry
of a beautifully purplish color and about half an inch
in diameter. It is edible and good to the taste. Con-
tiauing on your left, you meet sycamore maple, just
this side of the lamp-post, which directly fronts the
northerly arm of the Walk. Let us proceed now along
this northerly arm. At our left is cornelian cherry of
the dogwood family, which is almost the earliest of
the shrubs to break into bloom. When the crow black
birds send out their wheezy cackling calls you can look
for the pretty close-clustered clover-looking yellow
flowers of the cornelian cherry. They burst out in

51

little bunches along the bare branches and, at a little
distance away, look very clover-like. Its flowers are
succeeded by beautiful light-yellow berries, which, in
carly fall, change to shining scarlet. You will know
it by its leaves, which say “dogwood” to you the
moment you see them. Opposite the cornelian cherry
is fly honeysuckle. A little further on, at your right,
you pass fine bushes of the strawberry shrub (diag-
onally opposite the lamp on the left), with large leaves,
and, in the angle of the next branch of the Walk,
as it bears away to the left, is common lilac. Opposite
the lilac, across the Walk, is K@lreuteria, and back of
this, oak-leaved hydrangea, whose noticeably oak-like
leaves easily identify it. Following the right-hand
branch of the fork here, down toward the Arch below,
you will find a fine fringe-tree, standing close by an
Austrian pine, quite near the Arch on your left. Its
leaves are entire (not cut), and are set oppositely on
the branch. The shrub, or small tree, blooms in June,
with lovely fringe-like masses or white flowers. Dark
blue purple berries, covered with a bloom, succeed
the flowers. These berries are about half an inch
long.

Then, if you come back and follow the left branch,
westward toward the Drive, you pass on your right,
about half way to the Drive, hop-tree. You will know
it by its leaves, which are compound, and made up of
three leaflets. From its wafer or elm-like seeds,
broadly winged about the margin, it gets its name
Ptelea, derived from the Greek word for elm. Indeed,
if you do not know the tree and should come upon it

52

when it is in full fruit, you might easily mistake its
.seeds for elm seeds. But, of course, its leaves will
set you right. The tree blooms with quite conspicuous
flowers in June, greenish-white cymes which smell
rather disagreeably. The Walk you are now on leads
out upon a Walk that runs alongside the Drive. Just
as you come out upon the Drive-walk, you will see,
clustered close together on your left, three good-sized
white pines with horizontal boughs, fine delicate
needles, from three to five inches long, gathered to-
gether in bundles of five.

On your right, opposite the pines, is a large clump
of Rhodotypos, and behind it, tall and spire-like, a fine
bald cypress, with beautiful feather-like leaves. Here
we have come to the Drive-walk. If you turn to the
left, and go back southerly toward Fifty-ninth Street,
you will pass, about midway between the junction here
and the Arch over the Transverse Road, a good clump
of box. This is on the border of the Walk, on your
left, as you go south. Just beyond, you come to a
Bridge which spans the Transverse Road. If you
stand on it and face east, in its left-hand corner, is
English elm, and, down by the road, at the right, ris-
ing up and flashing its glossy leaves, close within
reach, is a good osage orange. The osage orange’s
branches show small thorns or spines in the axils of the
leaves, and, on this tree, they are very strong and
easily seen. If you take the northerly branch from the
junction of the Walks by the three white pines and
bald cypress above, it will lead you by some Philadel-
phus Gordonianus, on your right, bordering the Walk.

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Explanations, Map No. 2

Common Name

Spicebush.

. Oleaster or
. European White Birch.
. Ninebark.

Poplar.

. Common Horsechestnut.
. English Elm.

. European Silver Linden.
. European Copper Beech.

Wild Olive.

. Snowy Hydrangea.
. Red Maple.
. Scarlet Oak.
. American or White Elm.
. Scotch or Wych Elm.

. Chestnut Oak.

. English Field Maple.

. Scarlet-fruited Thorn.

. Siberian Crab Apple.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

. American Hornbeam, Blue

Beech, Water Beech.

. Thunberg’s
. Fly Honeysuckle.

. Kentucky Coffee Tree.

. Silver or White Maple.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. False Indigo.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Barberry.

Southern Catalpa.

Hickory.

. Sassafras.

. Smoke Tree.

. Choke Cherry.
. Cup Plant.
. American Holly.
. Shellbark

or Shagbark

Botanica NAME

4ésculus hippocastanum.

Ulmus campestris.

Tilia Europea, var. argentea.

Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea.

Benzoin benzoin.

en Ma angustifolia.

Betula alba.

Physocarpus (or Spirea) opu-
lifolia.

Hydrangea nivea (or radiata).

Acer rubrum.

Quercus coccinea.

Ulmus Americana.

Ulmus Montana.

Quercus prinus.

Acer campestre.

Crategus coccinea,

Pyrus baccata,

Populus monilifera.

Carpins Caroliniana,

Berberis Thunbergit.
Lonicera xylosteum,
Gymnocladus Canadensis,
Acer dasycarpum.
Lonicera fragrantissima,
Amopha fruticosa.
Catalpa bignontotdes.

Rhus cotinus.
Prunus Virginiana.
Silphium perjoliatum
Llex opaca.

Carya alba.

Sassafras officinale.

58

Common NAME

. Paper Mulberry.
. Black Alder or Common

Winterberry.

. Chinese Cork Tree.
. White Poplar or Abele

Tree.

. Californian Privet.

. Sugar or Rock Maple.

. Sweet Gum or Bilsted.

. European Beech.

. Red Mulberry.

. European Linden.

. Honey Locust.

. European Beech.

. European Cherry, Maha-

leb Cherry.

. American White Ash.

. Black Cherry.

. Swamp White Oak.

. Silver or White Maple.

. White Oak.

. Hop Hornbeam or Iron-

wood.

. White Pine.
. Double-flowering Chinese

Crab Apple.

. White Mulberry.

. Common Privet.

. Washington Thorn.

. Common Locust.

. Common Buckthorn.

. Rose of Sharon or Althea

(White flowers).

. Large-flowered Mock*

Orange or Syringa.

. Large-flowered Syringa.
. Sour

Gum Tupelo or
Pepperidge.

. Black Cherry.
. Pignut or Broom Hickory.
. English Hawthorn.

BotTaNniIcaL NAME

Broussonetia papyrifera.
Ilex verticillata.

Phellodendron Amurense.
Populus alba.

Ligustrum ovalifolium.
Acer saccharinum.
Liquidamdar styracifiua,
Fagus sylvatica.

Morus rubra.

Tilia Europea.
Gledtschia triacanthos.
Fagus sylvatica.

Prunus Mahaleb.

Fraxinus Americana,
Prunus serotina,
Quercus bicolor.

Acer dasycarpum.
Quercus alba.

Ostrya Virginica.

Pinus strobus.

Pyrus Malus, var. spectabilis

flore pleno.
Morus alba.
Ligustrum vulgare.
Crategus cordata,
Robinia pseudacacia,
Rhamnus cathartica.
Hibiscus Syriacus.

Philadelphus grandiflorus.

Philadelphus grandiflorus.
Nyssa sylvatica.

Prunus serotina,
Carya porcina.
Crategus oxyacantha.,

. Ailanthus

59

Common Name

. Austrian Pine.

. Tulip Tree.

. Paulownia.

. Turkey Oak.

. English Oak.

. Oriental Plane Tree.

. French Tamarisk.

. Many-flowered Oleaster.
. Rhodotypos.

. Norway Maple.

. Basswood.

. Cockspur Thorn.

. Hop Tree or Shrubby Tre-

foil.

. Rhodotypos.

. Siberian Pea Tree.

. Austrian Pine.

. Sycamore Maple.

. European Copper Beech.
. Black Haw.

. Japonicum or Japan Vi-

burnum.

. Black Walnut.

. Common Buckthorn.

. Siberian Pea Tree.

. Weeping Forsythea or

Golden Bell.

or Tree of

Heaven.

. Oriental Plane Tree.
. Barbary Box Thorn,

or Matrimony Vine.

. False Indigo.
. Pin or Swamp Spanish
Oak

ak.

. European Purple Beech.

. Common Pear.
. Japan Quince.
. English Hawthorn (Pink

double flowers).

BotanicaL Name

Pinus Austriaca.
Liriodendron tulipifera.
Paulownia imperialis.
Quercus cerris.
Quercus robur.
Platanus Orientalis.
Tamarix Gallica,
Eleagnus multiflora.
Rhodotypos kerriotdes.
Acer platanoides.
Tilia Americana.
Crategus crus-gallt,
Pielea trifoltata.

Rhodotypos kerrioides.
Caragana arborescens.
Pinus Austriaca.

Acer pseudoplatanus.

Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea.
Viburnum prunifolium,
Viburnum tomentosum.

Juglans nigra.
Rhamnus cathartica.
Caragana arborescens.
Forsythia suspensa.

Ailanthus glandulosus.

Platanus Orientalis.
Lycium barbarum,

Amor pha fruticosa.
Quercus palustris.

Fagus sylvatica, var atropur-
purea. :

Pyrus communis.

Cydonia Japonica.

Crategus oxyacantha.

60

Common NamME

99. Bush or Fortune’s Deut-
zia (Single white flow-
ers).

too. Bush Deutzia, variety

Rochester (Flowers
white, tinged on the
outside with pinkish
purple).

tor. Ash. [Hybrid.] (This
is an intermediate form
between the red and
the green ash.)

BotanicaL NAME

Deutzia crenata (or scabra).

Deutzia crenata, var, Pride of
Rochester.

Fraxinus.

Il.
THE BALL GROUND AND VICINITY.

As you enter the Park at the Seventh Avenue Gate,
Fifty-ninth Street, the flash and luster of privet meets
you on both sides of the Walk. Bedded in with it,
on the right, about half way between the street and
the little guard house by the Walk, you will see a
fine bush of the Lonicera fragrantissima, which you
have met before. Then, still on your right, you pass
a good-sized horsechestnut, with large gummy buds
in winter. About half way between this tree and the
cross-walk beyond, stands a healthy English elm, and
at the corner of the cross-walk a couple of very hand-
some copper beeches. You will know these easily by
their short trunks, light granite-gray bark, horizontal
branches with pointed cigar-shaped buds and toothless
hairy-margined (ciliate) leaves, copper-colored in early
spring and early summer. Later in the season these
leaves burn off their fires and grow softly bronze green.

In passing the English elm spoken of below I hope
you noted the large handsome sugar-loaf or haystack-
shaped tree which stands a little to the east and south
of the English elm. This tree is a handsome specimen
of the European silver linden. Note its beautiful,
smooth, steel-gray, rounded branches rising like pipes
from the short thick-set trunk and ending in fine sprays
of twigs which fret the winter sky with a beauty all

62

their own. In winter the tree is especially beautiful.
Then the clear, sharp, crystaline living sunshine brings
out all the silver of its bark and makes a wonder
work in light and shade of its organ-like branches
and slender twigs. Come upon it on one of our
sparkling mid-winter days; then it is a veritable blaze
of steel, and your eye will rove over its beauty with
a joy as keen as the play of the sunshine itself. In
foliage, the silver linden may be known by its heart-
shaped leaves, unequally sided, glossy and shining
green above and silvery white on the undersides.
Its flowers, which break out usually in June, are in
clusters from leafy bracts with the petals set open so
widely (when fully blown) as to appear almost star-
like. These flowers of the European silver linden
are especially interesting from the presence of the
petaloid scale at the base of its petals. This scale is
not present in the common European linden (T. Euro-
pea). The flowers break out in June and are very
fragrant. These are succeeded by ovoid fruits which
are distinctly five-angled or ribbed. This ribbed fruit
is noticeably different from that of our own basswood,
whose fruit is large, round and very woolly or pubes-
cent. Truly the European silver linden is an elegant
tree, handsome in bark and form and foliage, and when
its rich leaves are turning to the caress of summer
zephyrs, how beautiful are those sudden bursts of
silver that drift through their deep green.

On the left of the Walk here, almost directly op-
posite the purple beeches, you will find spicebush. You
will do well to see the shrub in spring. When the

63

purple grackle is sending out his wheezy call over the
bare trees, flashing his irridescent neck in the blaze
of a sun that has still the edge of winter in its golden
light, when the alder and the hazel are beginning to
drop their lace-like veils, when the air is full of that
indescribable perfume of damp ground and mouldy
turf, when every whiff of the pungent breeze is a
poem of spring, see this bush set its pretty little
yellow flowers along its dusky branches as a sure
sign that spring is here. I cannot tell with what de-
light I always behold it! Together with the outburst
of the Cornelian cherry, its sight always sends a thrill
through me. The flowers are so small, so delicate,
so fairy-like and cling so closely to the branches, they
seem to huddle cheerily together as if they scarcely
quite dared to be out at all. You cannot mistake them.
Their tiny little umbels, sessile, or nearly so, hang
close to the branch, in dense clover-like bunches, very
similar, to the passing eye, to those of the Cornelian
cherry. They break out along the branches before
the leaves appear. The flowers change into beautiful
red berries which are ripe in the autumn. You can
easily know this shrub by the spicy smell of its leaves
and twigs, which are very aromatic. It is this feature
which has given the bush its common name. Its
leaves are entire, that is, not serrated or cut; are ob-
long ovate and are set alternately along the branches.
The bush has its terminal twigs rather greenish, but
its older branches are of a dull slaty gray or dusty
black and are noticeably speckled with little dots or

spots.

64

At the junction of Walks here, one cross-walk runs
off to the east and one to the west. Let us now fol-
low the easterly or right-hand one. Beyond the cop-
per beeches, a short distance, out on the smooth green
of the lawn, about midway between the Walk and the
Street, stands a white birch. It is the European white
birch, Betula alba. You can tell it chiefly by its leaves
which are rather small and ovate, slightly deltoid, and
rather unequally cut on the margins. You can dis-
tinguish it from our native canoe or paper birch by its
bark and trunk alone. The trunk of the canoe birch
is plump and rounded, of a cleaner, more chalky
white, and far less marked with the “eyebrows” or
dark streaks where the branches shoot out from the
trunk. But if these points of difference are not enough,
examine the leaves. They will surely set you right.
The leaf of the paper birch is heart-shaped at the base
and long ovate with a tapering point. The only other
white birch this tree might be taken for, by the novice,
is the American white or gray birch, the leaf of which
is distinctly triangular and exceedingly taper-pointed,
with a decidedly truncate and broad base. Our gray
birch’s bark is of a cream white and often flushed
with a beautiful reddish tinge. On young trees the
tinge is of a deep salmon or copper hue. So the
white birches are very easily distinguished.

Just in front of the European birch is a clump of
ninebark with trifoliate-shaped leaves and, in front of
the ninebark, a smaller bush with leaves which are
distinctly white or “snowy” on the undersides. This
is Hydrangea nvea, and in June or July it lifts over

65

its beautiful leaves the flat white clusters or cymes of
its flowers. The outer ring of these flowers are sterile
and are very much larger than the inner or fertile
flowers. Botanists say this is to attract the insects to
the flowers. When the wind touches the leaves of this
shrub it makes it a thing of wondrous beauty. I have
seen it leap from its dark sober green into instant
snow at the magic touch of the breeze. Then it is
all life and light and flame and fire, and its animation
seems a joy. You feel that it, too, loves the breeze,
and that it is reveling in it as you are.

Beyond the hydrangea, still following the right
hand of the path, is red maple, with brittle grayish
branches. The red maple is very lovely in the spring
when it flushes with its crimson bloom. Here the
Walk begins to swing a little to the northeasterly, and
at the Arbor, just beyond, bends about due east. As
you come to this very cosy little rustic Arbor, there
are several things which will claim your attention.
All are gathered close together, very near the Arbor,
on your right as you approach it. First, you come
to black alder or common winterberry, Ilex verticil-
lata. It is a shrub with spreading grayish branches
and obovate leaves, pointed at the tip and wedge-
shaped at the base. This shrub is conspicuous in the
fall of the year by reason of its berries, which are
brilliant scarlet, rounded and rather flattened at the
top. You will see them singly or two or three in a
cluster, in the axils of the leaves. The bush blooms
in late May or early June with very small greenish
white flowers. Beyond the black alder is a good pep-

66

per bush, known easily in winter by the dried fruit
racemes which cling to its branches in spike-like rows
of bottle-shaped capsules. Then you come to arrow-
wood with its beautiful saw-cut leaves, pepper bush
again, and then to three bushes of Forsythia viridis-
sima, with lance-like leaves.

Just east of the Arbor is American elm, and a little
distance beyond it, close by the Walk, stands another
beautiful red maple. In the point, on the right, where
this Walk meets the Walk from Sixth Avenue Gate,
which we followed in the previous ramble, you will
find a fine Scotch elm which you can recognize easily
by its leaf alone. This is broad at the top, with a
longish point, and often with some lesser points shoot-
ing out very noticeably from its end. The flowers of
the Scotch elm are of a purplish green, in close dense
clover-like clusters, and these change into large winged
seeds. The seeds, and often the wings, are beautifully
flushed with purple. The wing of the fruit is round,
oval, and slightly notched at the end.

Let us go on a little here and follow the left swing
of the Walk northward to the Drive, and then retrace
our steps to the cross-walk which we met soon after
we came in at the Seventh Avenue Gate.

About midway between the junction here and the
Drive to the north, with its foot well gripped to the
rocks on your right, stands a sturdy young American
holly (Ilex opaca). You know it is holly immediately,
by its leaves, set so bravely with spines, and you know
it is the American species by its flattish leaf of a dead
dully finished green. The leaf of the European holly

67

is glossy and burnished, and pale yellow on the under
side. Another mark which distinguishes our native
holly from the European, is the margin of its leaf
which has not the very noticeable whitish and trans-
lucent edge that garnishes the border of the Euro-
pean species,

By the border of the Walk and near the Drive, on
your left, is a clump of the cup plant (Silphium per-
foliatum) which you will have no difficulty in recog-
nizing by its very smooth square stems rising from
five to ten feet in height, and set with large opposite
coarsely-toothed ovate leaves which come together
about the stem (connate) at their bases in a kind of
cup. The cup gathers water from the rains and dews,
and holds it in reserve for the uses of the plant. It
is this feature which has given the plant its name.

Let us now turn at this point and go back the cross-
walks near the Seventh Avenue Gate, noting the things
we pass on our right—the northerly border of the
Walk along which we have just rambled.

Up on the rocky bank, about diagonally opposite
the Scotch elm, stands a young shagbark hickory.
You can tell it easily by its scaly bark which seems
to blister from the trunk, and shag from it in curv-
ing ends. Its leaves, too, are distinctly compound,
made up of five leaflets, with the two lower ones much
smaller than the others. A little nearer the Walk,
and beyond the hickory, to the west, a sassafras rises
from beside a rock. If it is in foliage, its mitten-
shaped leaves will be enough to fix it for you. But
in winter you can tell it by its heavy, deeply-fissured

68

bark, which seems to run in plates of some several
inches in length at rather regular intervals. This
plating of the sassafras bark always reminds me of
the little bundles of kindling wood sold at grocer’s
stores. If you once get this feature fixed in your
eye you can always tell a sassafras by its bark alone.
The sassafras blooms in the spring with yellow-green
flowers in small close clusters. These change into
small bluish berries which are ripe in September. In
the autumn this tree is in its glory, and its leaves
fairly flame with orange and scarlet, cooling off into
the most beautiful shades of crimson and purple.
It may be interesting to add that the tree belongs to
the laurel family.

Beyond the sassafras, about opposite the red maple
on the south side of the Walk, you will see a spread-
ing shrub with branches which seem trying hard to
sprawl over the lawn, in a crab-like manner. Come
here and stand before it in June. Then it lives up to
its name—smoke tree—fairly bursting with some un-
seen fire, which you feel must be raging under all
those rolling puffs of cloudy fluff which have changed
the shrub as by magic into a miracle of beauty. Truly,
in bloom, it is well named, and as you stand and gaze
upon it, its smoke seems held as by enchantment, and
you half expect the spell to break and to see the cloud
rise in curling wreaths, and float away upon the breeze.
Strictly speaking, this fluffy condition takes place just
after the delicate flowers (greenish in terminal or
axillary clusters) have been fully developed, when the
calyx and corolla have fallen away, and the pedicel

69

(flower stem) lengthens and branches out into dense
hairy feathery fluff. The leaf of this tree is smooth,
of clear green, entire, and obovate in shape, swing-
ing easily on a slender petiole.

About due north of this smoke tree, across the
Drive, stand three Kentucky coffee trees, in a close
cluster, east of a lamp-post, and due north of the
Kentucky coffee trees is a large handsome ash tree
with dark lustrous green compound leaves. This is
a very interesting tree, for it is slightly pubescent
about the bases of the leaf stems and in the axils of
the leaflets. It is, therefore, a fair type of the inter-
mediate form of ash between the red and the white,
the white being smooth, and the red densely pubescent.
You note that on this tree the end branches are mostly
smooth.

Off to the northeast of this tree is a magnificent
clump of Japan quince, which is a glory of crimson in
the spring. It is superb. Just beside this, also to the
northeast of it, is a lovely pink double-flowered variety
of the English hawthorn. To the right of the quince,
northwest, is a healthy specimen of the English haw-
thorn proper. This has white flowers in May. A
fine old Mahaleb cherry stands above these three
beauties. To the north, beyond the Mahaleb, side by
side, are two glorious purple beeches. It was my
very good fortune to see the lovely white bloom of
the hawthorn against the rich dark purple of these
two beeches, and it was a sight I shall not forget. To
the left of the beeches is a pretty young black haw,
which you can identify easily by the little crimson

70

wings or flanges on its leaf stem (petiole). The
black haw gets its name from its fruit, which is deep
blue or black purple when ripe. Its botanical specific
name prunifolium refers to its plum or cherry (prunus)
like leaves. To the west of the black haw is common
pear.

Let us now come back to the smoke tree near the
Walk along which we were following. Just northwest
of the smoke tree is Catalpa bignonioides, about op-
posite the easterly end of the Arbor, on the left of the
Walk. Out on the stretch of lawn, midway between
Walk and Drive, is a shrub with small oval locust-
like leaves set alternately along the leaf stem, from
eleven to twenty-one in number. You might mistake
the shrub for a bristly locust a little distance away, as
its appearance is quite similar. In summer it wakes
to bloom, and, if you should pass it then, you would
surely stop to admire its long finger-like racemes of
deep purple. Indeed, they have almost a velvety look,
and the orange anthers (the pollen-bearing parts of
the stamens) set them off beautifully. These spike-
like racemes change into fruit clusters which cling to
the shrub through the autumn and often through the
winter. They are made up of tiny curved pods, and
make an easy means of identifying the shrub in your
winter rambles. Just west of this Amorpha, is fra-
grant honeysuckle, and west of the honeysuckle stand
two silver maples, with black cherry beyond. Not far
from these, diagonally across, by the Drive, is a lamp-
post, and south of the lamp-post, a handsome scarlet
oak, in the full pride of its dark glossy green leaves

71

so beautifully lobed, shakes the light from its healthy
foliage in flashes of white fire.

As you follow the Walk back, westward, just as you
come to the cross-walks before mentioned, in the north-
easterly corner of the junction, two Scotch elm stand
side by side. Back of these, up on the ridge of rock
that rises abruptly, you will find a good specimen of
the chestnut oak. You can tell it easily, even at a
distance, by its distinctive leaves. These are obovate
and wavy margined, running in coarse easy cuttings,
like an old-fashioned cookie. On the undersides of
the leaves the ribs show prominently, about ten to
sixteen pairs, usually. It stands a little southeast of
the lamp that guards the north fork of the crossways
here.

Before we take this northerly trend of the Walk
(the one which goes on under the Arch ahead) there
are some things to see along the left branch of the
junction here.

Up the bank on your right as you go westward,
there is a pretty young hawthorn of the variety coc-
cinea, It stands about midway between a Scotch elm
and a cottonwood. The cottonwood you can tell by
its spade-shaped leaves and flattened leaf stems, the
hawthorn by its thorns. This hawthorn is commonly
called the scarlet-fruited hawthorn on account of the
very large (half an inch) round or pear-shaped scarlet
berries it bears in September. The leaf of this haw-
thorn is of a beautiful light green, very regularly lobed,
and roundish ovate in form. It is a thin leaf compared
with the leaves of the other hawthorns in the Park.

72

Compared with the thick leathery leaf of the cock-
spur, it is almost tender. Its leaf is so regularly cut,
you can identify it by this feature alone. The lobes
run out in points behind each other in almost a straight
line like a series of steps.

On the other side of the Walk, your left, just around
the corner from the spicebush, already described, you
will find a very downy-leaved honeysuckle. These
leaves are especially downy when young, later they
get smooth. They are rather heart-shaped and hairy
on the edges. This soft-leaved bush is the fly honey-
suckle (Lonicera xylosteum), and in May it sends out
fragrant white (changing to yellow) flowers which
have nearly equal lobes and a very unequal-sided base.
This gives the flower a two-lipped appearance. The
flowers are succeeded by beautiful red berries.

If you follow this path westward, a little beyond the
Bridle Path, you will come to a tree near the right-
hand border of the Walk which may impress you as
looking very much like a willow. Its general appear-
ance, from a little distance, is very willow-like, but
the tree is really of quite a different family. It is an
oleaster (Eleagnus) and belongs to the Eleagnacee,
or oleaster family. Its leaves are narrow (lanceolate),
and silvery white on the under sides, with a decided
scurf. In July it puts out its flowers, fragrant and
spicy, small little tubes of yellow with four petals,
vellow on the inside, but silvery white on the outside.
This tree stands near a hop-tree and a large thorned
hawthorn. The hop-tree has compound leaves made
up of three leaflets, and the hawthorn, C, macracantha,

73

has glossy, oval leaves of a satin-like finish, and
branches, with strong thorns.

Let us now come back to the junction of cross-walks,
and follow the continuation of the Walk, which began
at the Seventh Avenue Gate northward under the Arch
beneath the Drive, toward the Ball Ground.

Just before you pass under the Arch, on your right,
a well-grown American hornbeam leans out its leaves
to you. You can pick it out easily by its smooth-
barked trunk and branches, which are ridged here and
there with gentle swellings that give them a muscle-
like look. This muscular effect is chiefly the charac-
teristic of the American species. Note, too, the fine
silvery veining of the smooth gray bark, and how
closely the tree’s leaves resemble those of the birch.
Indeed, this resemblance is so striking in the. Euro-
pean species of hornbeam that it has given the tree
its botanical name, Carpinus betulus. The staminate
flowers, in drooping catkins, make the tree very beauti-
ful in spring, veiling it with a hanging cloud of lace.
The pollen-bearing anthers are under the bracts of the
catkins. The fertile flowers are at the ends of the
branches, little crimson-tipped feathers of pistils wound
up in a leafy cluster, so small and delicate you would
scarcely notice them had you not looked for them.
These are succeeded by conspicuous clusters of hal-
berd-shaped seed bracts, very large in the European
variety.

On passing through the Arch, you meet, close by,
on your left, a lamp-post. Up the bank, almost west
of the lamp-post, back of the bushes by the Walk, there

74

stands a very interesting tree, with ailanthus-like leaves.
It is the Chinese cork tree (Phellodendron Amurense),
and if you should pass it in autumn, you should stop
to admire its bright red leaves and its black pea-shaped
berries in grape-like clusters, which remain on the
tree late in winter. The leaves of this tree are com-
pound, opposite, from one to three feet long and look
very much like ailanthus leaves. The leaflets, long,
taper-pointed, are arranged opposite each other in two
to six pairs, with an odd one at the end. In June it
flowers in not very conspicuous greenish open clusters
at the ends of the branches. The drupe-like fruit con-
tains five small seeds. Back of this tree, up the bank
a little, to the northwest, stands a paper mulberry with
a bark which seems to be faintly banded at intervals
along its trunk with tinges of gray, a few shades
darker than the pinkish gray of the rest of the trunk.
Its leaves are very rough on the upper sides, but soft
and downy beneath. They have several shapes, ovate
or heart-shaped, lobed variously like mulberry leaves,
mitten form, with the thumb on either side, or perhaps
both thumbs on the same mitten. The tree flowers
very inconspicuously, with greenish catkins in the
spring, but its fruit it quite conspicuous—globular
heads, dark scarlet, insipidly sweet. These are ripe in
August. The paper mulberry is of foreign origin,
cultivated from Japan and China. Although it be-
longs to the same family group or order (nettle fam-
ily) as the Morus (mulberry), it does not belong to
that genus. It gets its name from the French botanist
P. N. V. Broussonet. A little further on, still on your

75

right, tall and majestic, with the poise of a sachem,
and a bark whose rugged strength fills your eye with
joy, a noble old cottonwood shakes its thousand glis-
tening spear-heads of leaves, challenging the flashing
sun. A little further along, on your left, is Catalpa
bignonioides again, with its rambling sprawl of
branches and large heart-shaped leaves.

Near the Bridge, which you meet just ahead, and
which spans the Bridle Path, you will see on your
left, as you continue northward, a good-sized tree, sadly
shattered in limb by a long battle with the elements.
It has lost many a branch, but it has a stout old heart,
and stands there still fighting on. You can know it
easily by its leaves, thick glossy dark green on the
upper sides, but on the under so white that when the
breeze touches them, drifts of snow show swiftly here
and there through the lustrous foliage, like a sudden
smile lighting up an aged face. This stanch old tree
is a white poplar or abele tree, Populus alba, and has
very wavy toothed thick leaves of a roundish, rather
heart-shaped form. Their undersides are cottony
white, in strong contrast with the glossy dark green
of their upper sides. The trunk of the tree has a
blackish-looking heavily-fissured bark, to about the
first branching, then it shows the greenish gray hue
so characteristic of the poplars generally. Sometimes
the greenish gray hue of the upper branches of this
tree is so light as to appear almost white, a distance
away. In the corner (northwest) of the Walk by the
Bridge is California privet.

On your right you passed about opposite the Ca-

76

talpa and American hornbeam, and quite near the
Bridge another Catalpa bignonioides has set its feet
with firm root. Close by the right-hand corner of
the Bridge a white birch (Betula populifolia) flutters
its dancing leaves. Crossing the Bridge we follow
the Walk on northwards to where it forks right and
left and embraces in its arms the Ball Ground.

Let us take the right-hand fork and follow it around
the eastern border of the Ball Ground. Just beyond
the lamp-post, on your left, as you proceed you pass
a paper mulberry which is very conveniently situated
for close study. Look for the bands on its bark and
its mitten-shaped leaves. The next tree beyond this
paper mulberry is English maple. You easily know
it by its squarish lobed leaves.

The Walk now swings northward and very near the
rocks which have bitten through the soil about mid-
way between either end of the Ball Ground, near the
Walk, you will find, on your left, a couple of very
good specimens of the European linden. The Euro-
pean linden (Tilia Europea) is certainly a handsome
tree with its obliquely heart-shaped leaves, much more
finely serrated than those of our American basswood,
and much smaller. The leaf of the European species
also has usually a decided hump or point on one side
of the leaf, a little below its tip. Its whole texture is
much finer than our basswood’s leaf; its upper side
is smooth, and, when young, of a beautiful tender
green. On the underside of the leaf noticeable little
woolly tufts are gathered in the axils of the veins.
In form the tree is broad dome-shaped with a wide

77

reach of branch and bough. The upper parts of the
tree and the smaller branches are of a dusky sooty
blackish gray, and the buds and end branches are red-
dish in winter. In June the European linden breaks
open its starry flowers in cyme-like clusters from leaf-
like bracts. The five white petals open wide and show
the pin-head stamens standing clear and fair without
any petal-like scale attached (as in our basswood).
They are very fragrant, and at night their perfume is
almost heavy. When you are studying the flowers of
the linden, note that the European silver linden has
the petal scale attached to the stamens, whereas the
common European linden (Tilia Europea) has it not.
The fruit of the European linden is faintly five-angled.
In this it varies from the silver linden, whose fruit is
quite strongly five-angled.

Just beyond this rock, or series of rocks, the Walk
and the Bridle Path bend in close together, on the
right. Where they approach, at the nearest, there are
two honey locusts and an English maple. The honey
locusts you know by their smooth, blackish bark, beset
with long-pronged thorns, and by their compound
leaves of small, elliptic, oval leaflets ; the English maple,
by its squarish-lobed leaves and thick set stocky form.

As you go on northwards, some little distance beyond
and out upon the Ball Ground itself, you come to a
boulder standing poised with firm base ona rock. Just
northwest of this stands a tree which will surely inter-
est you. It is Prunus Mahaleb, the Mahaleb cherry of
middle and southern Europe and of the Caucasus. In
May it throws out its fragrant flowers, in corymb-like

78

clusters of white from the ends of the branches. It is
not a large tree, and you can know it easily by its posi-
tion, just a little northwest of the large boulder here;
by its broadly ovate leaves of light, bright green, with
margins finely and obtusely serrated and often with
cordate or heart-shaped bases. The ends of the leaves
are short pointed. Both leaves and flowers are very
fragrant, and the latter are used by perfumers. Small
dark-red, acrid berries succeed the fragrant flowers.
As you come near the Arbor, not much further along
from the boulder here, just before you come to it, there
is a fine European beech close by the Walk, on your
right. You can know it by its light gray, smoothish
bark. Some one has called the gray of the beech ele-
phantine in color. The designation is very close, espe-
cially where the bark seems to fold and wrinkle, like
hide. Granite gray, of the quincy shade, is close to it
also. When you meet a tree with a gray, smooth bark
in the Park, it is either a beech, a yellow-wood, or a
silver linden. How can you tell them apart? The Eu-
ropean beech is short-trunked and has a broad, hori-
zontal swing of bough, and its leaves are entire, not
toothed, and are very hairy on the margin. The Ameri-
can beech carries a toothed leaf, somewhat like a broad-
leaved chestnut, and the tree grows much more lofty in
branching habit. In winter you can tell the beech by
its spindle-shaped or cigar-shaped buds—long, slim,
flat in the middle, with pointed ends. There is a world
of knowledge in the study of the winter buds. Try to
gain it. The yellow-wood you know in summer by its
compound leaf (the beech and linden have simple

MaHwaces CuHerry (Prunus Mahaleb)

Map 2. No. 45.

79

leaves), and in winter you can tell it from the beech by
its not pointed buds; from the silver linden, by its lack
of haystack or sugar-loaf form. The silver linden is
easily known in summer by its cordate leaves, white
beneath, and in winter by its sugar-loaf form, smooth,
plump, satin-gray limbs—they always make me think
of organ pipes. The silver linden seems to often shoot
up its branches many together from a common base, in
a kind of fountain form which easily marks it in
winter.

But to come back to our beech by the Arbor. You
see its toothless leaves mark it at once one of the Eu-
ropean species. On going through the Arbor you meet,
on your right, a few feet from its end, a good sized
white ash, with strong, rugged, heavily-fissured bark,
cut by cross lines so regularly as to give a lozenge-
shape effect to the run of the bark. The white ash is a
tall, strong tree, and can be identified by its compound
leaves made up of from five to nine leaflets, the leaflets
in pairs with the odd one terminal. The leaflets have a
kind of crimpy margin and are on stems which carry
the bases of the leaflets well away from the main leaf
stem, a feature which is especially characteristic of the
white and red ash. The end leaflet has quite a decided
length of stem. The leaflets are ovate, lance-pointed,
of a bright, smooth green on the uppersides but of a
soft, pale green on the undersides. Almost directly
opposite the white ash, on the left of the Walk, you
will find a little sapling swamp white oak, now about
four or five feet high.

A little further on the Walk forks, by the Carousel.

80

The lower right runs under an arch toward the Dairy.
The upper right runs on to cross the Drive. In the
point of this fork is an English maple, and just beyond
it Catalpa bignonioides. Close by the Drive, standing
almost side by side, near the border of the upper right
fork, are two fine old cottonwoods, with their spade-
shaped leaves swinging on flattened leaf-stems. In the
centre of the little island before the Carousel is Ameri-
can elm.

Let us now take the left fork of the Walk, and go
almost directly westward. On your right, by the steps
leading to the Carousel, by the easterly end of the steps,
is silver maple with a red maple directly opposite. At
the westerly end of the House here, on your left, is a
good specimen of the swamp white oak, Quercus bicolor.
It has thickish leaves, resembling somewhat a medium
between the broad form of the white oak and the wavy-
lobed leaf of the chestnut oak. The chief characteristic
of the swamp white oak’s leaf is its downy, hoary, whit-
ish underside. By this you can tell it at once. The
leaf has a wedge-shaped base and is obovate in form.
Its margin is markedly wavy-notched, with rounded
teeth. The tree’s bark is of a hard, strong gray, deeply
fissured, darker and more scaly than that of the white
oak. The whole expression of the tree is stronger,
tougher-looking than the white oak. Its acorn carries
a mossy-fringed cup. You will find many of these
trees in the Park, and you should get to know them
early in your rambles. In winter you can pick the tree
out by its buds alone, which are noticeably hairy or
fringed. You have a good chance here to compare

81

the characteristics of the two trees, the white oak and
the swamp white oak, for you will find a white oak,
of the broad-leaved form just across the Walk, up the
bank a little, on your right. The white oak has twa
distinct forms of leaf, the narrow and the broad type.
The narrow is so deeply lobed that often it is but the
skeleton of a leaf; the broad form of leaf is here before
you. The white oak’s bark is of a light, bright, granite
gray, of the Barre shade, and is shallow fissured, seem-
ing to run in long, thin, narrow, flaky plates. So light
is the color of the white oak’s bark that often this is
almost enough to identify it. To me the tree has a
much softer expression than the swamp white oak,
much less rough and tough. Often its bark has a
shade that is almost white, and its finely broken plates
seem of almost flaky fineness. Its winter buds are red-
dish brown and its acorn is very different from the
fringe-capped nut of the swamp white oak. The nut
itself is light brown and lustrous, while the cup, hemi-
spherical, is clean and fits about the nut with a clear
edge, seeming to constrict and bind the nut with a
slight depression at this point.

Close by the Walk on your right, a little west of the
white oak, a fine red maple flings over you its three to
five-lobed leaves, cordate at the base. The red maple
can generally be easily known, even in winter, by its
gray, smooth, brittle-looking bark, with smoky drifts
clouded through it on the upper branches. Its end
twigs in winter are very conspicuously knobbed with
crimson buds. The red maple is a glory in the spring,
when its flowers, especially the pistillate ones, flush

82

its form with the loveliest hues of clear crimson. See
them against the blue of a March or April sky, when
the winter look has given place to a mysterious softness
that seems to bear a promise of tenderness to come.
See then these fairy flags of blood-red against the sky’s
depthful blue and forever afterward you will hold a
special place in your heart for the red maple.

As you follow the Walk westward, not far from
where it meets the Walk which runs north and south
near the Drive, you will find a fine old English elm
standing out on the green, a little south of a lamp-post.
The lamp-post is on the right of the Walk, the elm is
on your left, just south of it. You will know the tree
by its dark, heavy bark and oak-like fling of branches.
It is a fine tree. On the point made by the right fork
of the Walk is pin oak, tall and stately, with smooth,
steel-gray bark. You can know a pin oak very easily
by its yellow leaf stems, which are slender. Its leaf
looks like a small edition of the scarlet oak’s leaf, with
wide and deeply rounded sinuses. The acorn of the
pin oak is a sure index of the tree’s identity. If you
find one, you will know your tree beyond a doubt. The
acorn is very small and very beautiful. It is so cleanly
cut, both cup and nut. The light-brown nut is almost
hemispherical, about half an inch long, and noticeably
streaked with lines. The cup, saucer-shaped, is very
thin and shallow and sits close to the branch on a stalk
so short as to appear almost sessile. The pin oak is a
tall and handsome tree and almost always does well in
our parks. Just east of the pin oak is a good white pine,
with its leaves in bundles of five and with broad

83

reaches of horizontal boughs stretching out their level
platforms of soft, light green. This horizontal swing
of bough is enough to identify the tree as far as you
can see it. In the same way, if you look for it, you
can tell, afar off, the Swiss Stone pine by its close,
compact form and conical head; the Austrian, by
stocky, thickset build, more open foliage, and tufting
habit of growing its leaves in seeming large brush-like
clusters which are very conspicuous; the Scotch, by
the very reddish cast on its upper trunk and branches
and by its sage-green foliage. But the reddish hue is
what strikes you at once. On some of the Scotch pines
it is almost brickish in shade. This hue is so strongly
in the wood that it has given the tree its common name,
in England, of red deal.

Back of the white pine here, a little east of north, up
the hill, near the Transverse Road, you will find hop
hornbeam (Ostrya Virginica). Its leaves are much like
those of the hornbeam proper, but there the resemblance
between the two trees ends. The hop hornbeam bark is
rough, brownish and furrowed, often scaling away
from the trunk after the manner of the shagbark hick-
ory. Its fruit is very hop-like in appearance (whence
the name of the tree) and hangs in conspicuous clusters
from the ends of the season’s side shoots. The fruit
cluster is made up of a number of bag-like involucres,
each of which encloses a small, flat seed. The hop
hornbeam belongs to the oak family and is often called
ironwood or leverwood, from the hardness of its wood.
You will know the tree easily by its birch-like leaves
and brown bark in narrow scales.

84

Directly opposite the pin oak, at the point of the left
fork of the Walk, is a well-grown sugar maple. Some
people confuse the sugar maple with the Norway maple
from the rather close resemblance of their leaves. But
a glance at the bark of the tree will easily set you right.
The bark of the sugar maple is smooth and, on young
trees slightly, on old trees deeply, furrowed in long,
longitudinal lines. The ridges of the furrows are very
strong and shaggy, especially on the older trees. The
bark of the Norway maple is rough in regular lines, a
kind of hob-nail effect, very different from the smooth
bark of the sugar maple. A sure test of the Norway
maple lies in squeezing the base of its leaf. It exudes
a milky juice. The leaf of the sugar maple does not.

Let us now take the northerly branch of the Walk, to
the right, and follow it up to the Drive, cross the Drive
and then follow the Walk southward as it runs beside
the Drive. As we enter upon it, a fine old, white mul-
berry greets us with outspread boughs, and at the point
of the left fork of the Walk here, just as it sets to turn
south, is common privet. Note how different its leaves
are from those of the Californian privet.

As you go southward, on your right, are two Rose
of Sharon bushes, with a fine specimen of the large-
flowered syringa just behind them. Opposite the Rose
of Sharon bushes are two buckthorns. They are good
specimens of their kind, with leaves which somewhat
resemble the dogweed’s and a bark that makes you
think of the Siberian pea tree or the garden cherry. The
leaf of the buckthorn has a rich, satin-like finish, much
like the beautiful sheen of the Californian privet’s leaf.

85

It is nearly five-nerved, that is, with veins parallel.
These veins are so strongly depressed on the upper side
that they are distinctly prominent below. In shape the
leaf is braoadly oval, generally rounded at the base, and
either rounded or sharp-pointed at the top. The buck-
thorn blooms usually in May, with small, greenish, four
parted flowers in scarcely noticeable clusters from the
axils of the leaves, and these develop into small, black
bitter berries which are ripe in September. At the tips
of the branchlets you will find an easy identification
sign for the buckthorn in the little thorn which ter-
minates them.

Continuing south, you pass, on your right, another
handsome mass of large-flowered syringa, and west of
it white mulberry. A little southwest of the mulberry
you find false indigo, Amorpha fruticosa. Near the
Walk, about opposite the lamp-post across the Drive,
you come to a broad branching buckthorn again. In
the corner of the Walk and the Bridle Path (the
northwesterly corner) stands a Scotch elm, and across
the Arch, at the southwesterly corner, European linden.

At the next offshoot of the Walk, as you go south,
which leads out to Sixty-fourth Street, two trees stand
on the right and the left of the offshoot. They are
double-flowering Chinese crab-apple trees, and early
in the spring cover themselves with delicately tinted
pinkish double flowers in great profusion. Passing
on along the Walk as it draws you southward by the
Drive, about midway between the offshoot which crept
out west to Sixty-fourth Street and the next fork of
the Walk below, you meet Siberian pea tree, with

86

leaves made up of from four to six pairs of oval ob-
long leaflets and clear yellow flowers whose golden
standards and keel tell of kith and kin with the pea-
family. These pea-flowers change into short pods
which are ripe in August, when they show brown
amid the grass-green foliage of the shrub. Its name
is of Tartar origin.

Beyond the Siberian pea tree you pass several hand-
some bushes of the Forsythia suspensa, with long re-
curving sweeping branches which seem to have burst
from the ground like jets from fountains. Note their
generally three-parted leaves, usually one larger one
with two smaller ones, wing and wing, below. Be-
yond the Forsythia, you meet Siberian pea tree again,
then matrimony vine, tamarisk and honey-locust.

Here we come to another fork of the Walk, and
we will take its right branch. As we follow it, on our
right, just beyond the honey-locust, we meet a shrub
whose opposite leaves, oblong lanceolate in shape and
very silvery pubescent undersides, at once mark it as
a shrub of unusual occurrence in our rambles. You
will not meet with many of them in the Park. It is
a fair specimen of the many-flowered oleaster or Elz-
agnus. This is a spreading shrub with reddish brown
branchlets and alternately set simple leaves which are
ovate-oblong (some are elliptic in shape) and very sil-
very on the undersides. The uppersides of the leaves
are darkish green, with scales or star-like clusters of
hairs. Often the margins of the leaves are slightly
crisped. The shrub blooms in May or June in axil-
lary clusters two or three together, and these change

Frowers or tHE Norway Marie (Acer platanoides)
Map 2. No. 75.

87

in July or August to reddish berries densely covered
with silvery scales. This Eleagnus multiflora closely
resembles its sister, Eleagnus umbellata, which also
carries its blossoms in axillary umbels. But the es-
pecial difference between the two is that the former
ripens its fruit much earlier than the latter. The
latter’s fruit is ripe in October. You will find hand-
some specimens of the umbellata indicated and de-
scribed in chapter number five of this book.

Opposite the Eleagnus multiflora, on the left of the
Walk, is hop-tree, and beyond the hop tree, with leop-
ard spots, a good Oriental plane tree. The Oriental
plane tree differs from our native buttonwood in two
easily recognizable features—in leaf and in bark. The
bark of the American is of finer scale-like texture,
that of the Oriental peels much more cleanly and in
larger shreddings, leaving the bare wood exposed for
considerable distances. The color, too, of this bare
wood is of a peculiar pale greenish yellow like a
washed-out olive tint, very different from the whiter
wood of the American species. The other difference
is in the leaf. The Oriental is deeply in-cut on either
side of the end lobe. The American is not in-cut
about the upper lobe at all. The Oriental generally
flowers and fruits with a chain of balls, the Amer-
ican’s fruit swings solitarily on a single stem.

On your left still, just beyond the plane tree, is a
stocky Norway maple, and further on, about midway
between the fork of the Walk just passed and the
one below us, stands a European linden. Diagonally
across the Walk from it is Ailanthus, and diagonally

88

across from the Ailanthus, on the left of the Walk
again, is American basswood. Compare its hard, rug-
ged distinctive bark with that of its European brother.
You can get to know the American basswood by its
bark alone, it is so distinctive. Beyond the basswood
you meet two catalpas, and across the Walk from
the first of them is a lusty young cockspur thorn,
splendidly armed with a whole arsenal of thorns, and
glossy with the sheen of healthy lifeful leaves.

Continuing along the Walk, on your left, beyond
the second catalpa, a fine old Norway maple spreads
out the magnificent breadths of its wide-reaching
boughs. It is a superb tree, impressive in every way,
and one which you cannot help but admire. Just
beyond it the Walk forks, the left branch running
east under an Arch to the Ball Ground; the right,
continuing on south to the Eighth Avenue Gate. Let
us follow the left branch for a few moments, and then
come back to this fork of the Walk, and proceed south
to Eighth Avenue Gate.

Just as you go through the Arch, on your right is
hop tree, easily known by its compound leaves of
three leaflets. This is sometimes called wafer ash,
from its wafer-like fruit. Beside the hop tree, west
of it, is Siberian pea tree again. On the other side
of the Arch, as you come out, on your right is silver
maple, and just beyond, on the opposite side of the
Walk, a handsome Paulownia rises on graceful bole.
The Walk ascends a little here, then bends around in
an easy curve to cross a bridge over the Bridle Path
beyond, and comes out upon the Ball Ground. As

89

you bend with it you pass a goodly cluster of tulip
trees, tall and fair and straight, with leaves cut rather
squarely at the tops, and beautiful tulip-like flowers
in late May or early June. These flowers are very
handsome, large and challice-shaped, greenish yellow,
strongly marked about the base with yellow. The
cup-shaped corolla is of six petals. These handsome
flowers are succeeded by light brown “cones,” which
remain on the tree late in winter, showing conspicu-
cusly white against the clear blue of a winter’s sky.
They are sure signs of the tree’s identity. In the
autumn the tulip tree is a glory. Its leaves turn a
rich brilliant chrome yellow.

The Walk carries us over the Bridge and, just be-
yond, it forks right and left. Directly in the branch
of the fork is Austrian pine. Taking the left branch,
we go westward a little and step out on the large rock
which fronts the Ball Ground like a buttress. As we
stand overlooking the Ball Ground, almost within reach
of our hand, a few feet to the right of the rock on
which we stand, is a lusty young shagbark hickory
with five leaflets and a bark mostly smooth, but be-
ginning to shag in places. Note the buds with their
distinctively strong outer scales, the sure mark of the
shagbark in winter. Following the path along, it
bends to the northward, tumbles down between rock
masses, and swings out upon the Ball Ground itself.
Just as it opens out upon the main Walk here, it
leads us by a tall old scarlet oak almost in the corner
of the junction of the two paths. Here we take the
Walk which runs about the Ball Ground like a girdle,

go

and follow its southern trend along the lower end of
the Ball Ground. Not far from the scarlet oak, as
we go eastward, we find a fair specimen of the sour
gum tree, or tupelo, or pepperidge, as it is often
called. If its leaves are off, you can pick it out by its
tangles of branches. It seems to branch every way
and anyway. Its glory is in autumn. Then its glossy
leaves kindle with brilliant hues of scarlet and richest
maroon. ‘The leaves, oblong or oval, have a peculiar
way of crowding about the ends of the side branches,
which is so characteristic of the tree, that this feature
will quite easily identify it for you. The leaves are
thickish, with margin entire, and often strongly angu-
lated beyond the middle. They are of a rich shining
polished green ; either wedge-shaped or rounded at the
base, and are usually from two to five inches long.
The tree blooms in April or May, in dense clusters of
yellowish-green flowers, and these are succeeded by
egg-shaped bluish-black berries, clustered two or three
together on long slender stems, from the axils of the
leaves. The bark of the tree is of a light reddish-
brown, and is heavily furrowed and decidedly scaly.
The sour gum is a tree of the swamps and moist places.

As you go eastward, the Walk eddies gently in by
a large mass of rock. As you face it, on your right,
is red maple, and, on your left, close by the rock, is
a splendid specimen of the pignut hickory. In the
left-hand corner of this little bay of the Walk is
English hawthorn. Following on eastward again, an
Oriental plane tree stands in the point of the next
fork of the Walk, and out upon the sward of the

or

Ball Ground, quite a cluster of Turkey oaks, almost
in line with each other. These can be picked out easily
by their thick dark, almost black, bark, heavily ridged,
and by their rich, glossy green oblong leaves, very
deeply and unequally notched into pinnate sinuses.
They are set to the branch on very short stalks, and
you may know them from the English oak’s leaves,
which they sometimes slightly resemble, by their bases,
which are wedge-shaped and not eared—a feature
which is characteristic of the leaf of the English oak.
The leaf lobe of the Turkey oak is rather angularly
cut, whereas that of the English is round cut. The
acorn of the Turkey oak is a wild-looking thing, in-
deed, covered as it is with frouzled ends of fringe
which puts to shame the tangled cups of even the
bur oak’s acorn. You can compare the Turkey and
English oak here easily. The cluster standing almost
east of the Oriental plane tree are Turkey oaks, and
the single tree south of these is English oak. You
will note that these are almost in line, due north, of
the lamp-post by the Bridle Path below. If you fol-
low the path from the Oriental plane tree, directly
opposite its next fork with the Walk, are two hand-
some bushes of the Deutzta crenata. One has white
flowers, and the other, white flowers softly tinged with
pink.

Continuing eastward, the Walk comes to a fork
beyond, its right branch passing over the Bridge by
which we began this ramble about the Ball Ground.
Near the fork you will find, on the left of the Walk,
a handsome sugar maple, and across from it, a little

92

more than midway between the Walk and the Bridle
Path, a good specimen of the red mulberry. Its
leaves are rougher on the upper sides than are those
of the white mulberry, and they are of a dark bluish-
green, whereas those of the white are glossy, shining,
and of a light bright green. You will know the tree
by its mitten-shaped or ovate (mitten without the
thumb) leaves. Beyond the red mulberry, close by
the Bridle Path, near the Bridge, you will find sweet
gum, easily distinguished by its star-shaped leaves.
Up on the Walk again, as you come near the fork,
is European beech, with short fat trunk, horizontal
boughs, and leaves which are hairy-edged and not
toothed. In the right corner of the fork is Scotch
elm, easily known by its large rough leaves which jut
out at the ends in one long point, with some lesser
points shooting out on either side below the end point,
just where the leaf is broadest.

Let us now come back to where we branched off
by the Arch that went under the West Drive, and
follow the southerly trend of the Walk toward the
Eighth Avenue Gate. As we proceed, we have on
our right, in the point of the fork, a lamp-post, and
just west of it, a fine mass of the Rhodotypos. West
of it, you will see several bushes of the Viburnum
tomentosum or Japonicum, with broadly ovate leaves,
noticeably corrugated, or crimped or folded, and with
rather pointed (acuminate) ends. They are handsome
shrubs, especially in late May or early June, when
they spread out their great flat cymes of pure white
flowers, Of these cymes the outer ring is made up

93

of sterile flowers. The fruit of this shrub is a red
egg-shaped berry, which later changes color from red
to bluish-black.

As you go on, a Norway maple meets you on your
left, then black haw, with its roundish leaves lightly
winged on the stems, and then, on the right of the
Walk, cockspur thorn again. Very near the next
fork of the Walk you meet Austrian pine, cockspur
thorn again, and two more Austrian pines, one just
beyond the other. Almost opposite the first of these,
on the left of the Walk, is American basswood. To
the west of the second Austrian pine are two well-
grown white pines. The white pine’s leaves are slen-
der, about five inches long, and are gathered together
in bundles (fascicles) of five; the Austrian’s leaves
are long, wire-like, stiffish and thickish, sharp pointed,
and are gathered together in bundles of two each.
The Austrian’s leaves are rounded on the outside, but
are flat on the inside, so that, when you press together
the two leaves of a single fascicle, the leaves seem
like one round leaf, so squarely do the two flat inner
sides fit together. The way, or rather one way, to
tell to what species a pine belongs, is to count the
leaves in a bundle or fascicle, measure them, and
examine their surfaces. Usually the number of leaves
in a fascicle, and the length of the leaf will be enough
to identify. In the Park the pines most frequently
met with are the white, leaves in fives and about five
inches long; Swiss stone, leaves in fives, about the
same length, but triangular and glaucous; Bhotan,
leaves in fives, but about ten inches long, and very

94

slender; Austrian, leaves in twos, three to five inches
long; Scotch, leaves in twos, short, from an inch to
two inches long, partly twisted, and of a beautiful
bluish green color. If you will bear in mind these
few salient features you can easily identify the pines
in the Park.

But to come back to our Walk, directly west of
the second Austrian pine are two good specimens of
our native white pine. Note the soft, fine quality of
their leaf masses. They look almost downy. A little
further along we come to another cockspur thorn with
a copper beech west of it. Diagonally across the Walk
from the cockspur thorn is English elm, then, just
beyond, on your left, are two Scotch elms, with a
sycamore maple at the extreme left hand point of the
greensward as you come out at the Eighth Avenue
Gate. About opposite the English elm on the right
of the Walk, is another Austrian pine. See how bunchy
its leaf masses are. No other pine in the Park has this
prominent bunching of its leaves, which strikes the
eye so noticeably as to be at once an easily recognizable
feature of the tree. At the extreme right hand corner
of the Eighth Avenue Gate you find a fine young
specimen of the common horsechestnut, with large,
gummy, knob-like buds in winter. If you want win-
ter amusement well worth your while, study the winter
buds. Get to know the trees in winter, by bark,
branch and bud. Each has its peculiar bark. Endless
joy and amusement await you in the study of these
details, and you will grow to know the shrubs and trees
as well in winter as in summer.

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TINNIAVY

. Hackberry,

Explanations,

Map No. 3

Common NAME

. Japan Quince (Pale pink

flowers.
Sugarberry,
or Nettle Tree.

. English Elm.
. Spicebush.

Osage Orange.
Fringe Tree.

. Judas Tree or Redbud.

. Chinese Wistaria.

. Mock Orange.

. English Hawthorn.

. Sycamore Maple.

. Common Locust.

. Hemlock.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Shadbush, June Berry, or

Service Berry.

. Sweet Gum or Bilsted.
. Shellback or Shagbark

Hickory.

. American Hornbeam.
. Small-fruited Pignut Hick-

ory.
. Abrupt-leaved Japan Yew. .
. European or English Yew.

. Nordmann’s Silver Fir.

. Corsican Pine.

. Pyramid Oak.

. English Oak.

. Weeping English Oak.

. French Tamarisk.

. Umbrella Tree.

. Red Oak.

. Common Pear.

. English Elm.

. Silverbell Tree.

Botanica NaMe
Cydonia Japonica.
Celtis Occidentalits.

Ulmus campestris.
Benzoin benzoin.
Maclura aurantiaca.
Chionanthus Virginica.
Cercis Canadensis.
Wistaria Chinensis.
Philadelphus coronarius.
Crategus oxyacantha.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Robinia pseudacacia.
Tsuga Canadensis.
Lonicera fragrantissima.
Amelanchier Canadensis.

Liquidambar styraciflua.
Carya alba,

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Carya porcina, var.
carpa.

Taxus cuspidata.

Taxus baccata.

Abies Nordmanniana.

Pinus Austriaca, var. laricio.

Quercus robur, var. fastegiata.

Quercus robur.

Quercus robur, var. pendula.

Tamarix Gallica.

Magnolia umbrella.

Quercus rubra,

Pyrus communis.

Ulmus campestris.

Halesia tetraptera.

micro-

. American Linden,

100

Common Name

. Turkey Oak.

Black Walnut.

. American Chestnut.

. European Beech.
. Bald Cypress.
. Bur Oak or Mossy Cup

Oak.

. American Beech.
. Oriental Plane Tree.
. Pin or Swamp Spanish

Oak.

. Weeping European Beech.
. Swamp White Oak.

. Shagbark Hickory.

. Common Horsechestnut.

. Scotch or Wych Elm.

. Red Maple.

. Flowering Dogwood.

. White Pine.

. European Linden.

. Sour Gum, Tupelo, or

Pepperidge.

. Silver or White Maple.
. Scarlet Oak.
. Small-leaved Elm, Sibe-

rian Elm.

Bee
or Basswood.

. European Purple Beech.
. Weeping European Silver

Linden.

. Tulip Tree.
. Japonicum or Japan Vi-

burnum.

. Honey Locust.
. Camperdown Elm.

. American White Ash.
. Siberian Pea Tree.

BotaNnicaL NAME

Quercus cerris.

Juglans nigra.

Catanea sativa, var. Ameri-
cana.

Fagus sylvatica.

Taxodium distichum.

Quercus macrocarpa.

Fagus ferruginea.
Platanus Ortentalis.
Quercus palustris.

Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula,
Quercus bicolor.

Carya alba.

Zi sculus hippocastanum.
Ulmus Montana.

Acer rubrum.

Cornus florida.

Pinus strobus.

Tilia Europea.

Nyssa sylvatica.

Acer dasycarpum.
Quercus coccinea.
Ulmus parvifolia (or Stberica.)

Tilia Americana.

Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur-
purea,

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
pendula,

Liriodendron tulipifera.

Viburnum tomentosum.

Gleditschia triacanthos.

Ulmus Montana, var. Camper-
downtt pendula,

Fraxinus Americana,

Caragana arborescens.

. American or
. Weeping European Ash.

. English Oak.

Io!

Common NAME

European Ash.

. Althzea or Rose of Sharon.
. Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch

or Black Birch.

. Black Alder or Common

Winterberry.
hite Elm.

. White Mulberry.
. Hardy or Panicled Hy-

drangea.

. Wild Red Osier.
. Cut-leaved Weeping Eu-

ropean White Birch.

. Japan Pagoda Tree.
. Ginkgo Tree or Maiden-

hair Tree.

: He Tree or Shrubby
re

foil.

. Gordon’s Mock Orange or

Syringa.

. Witch Hazel.

. Indian Bean Tree or
Southern Catalpa.

. Sassafras.

. White Oak.

(This ‘oak
was planted, 1861, by
the present King of
England.)

. Kentucky Coffee Tree.

Yellow Birch.

. Reeve’s.or Lance-leaved

Spirea.

. Bridal Wreath Spirza.

. Morrow’s Honeysuckle.

. European Red Osier.

. Weigela.

. European Hazel.

. Alternate-leaved Dog-

wood.

Botanical NAME

Fraxinus excelsior.
Hibiscus Syriacus.
Betula lenta.

Ilex verticillata.

Ulmus Americana.

Fraxinus excelsior, var. pen-
dula,

Morus alba,

Hydrangea paniculata,
grandtflora.

Cornus stolontfera.

Betula alba, var.
laciniata.

Sophora Japonica.

Salisburia adiantifolia.

var.

pendula

Pielea trifoliata.
Philadephus Gordonianus.

Hamamelis Virginiana.
Catalpa bignonioides.

Sassafras officinale.
Quercus alba.
Quercus robur.

Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Betula lutea.
Spirea Reevesiana.

Spirea prunifolia.
Lonicera Morrowt.
Cornus sanguinea.
Diervilla rosea.
Corylus Avellana.
Cornus alternifolia.

102

Common Name Botanical NAME

. Shrub Yellowroot. Xanthorrhiza apitfolia,
. Hundred-leaved, Pro- Rosacentifolia.

vence, or Cabbage Rose.

. Fringe Tree. Chionanthus.

. Sweetbrier. Rosa rubignosa.

. Fortune’s White Spirea. Spir@a callosa, var. alba.
. Many-flowered Rose. Rosa multiflora.

. Clump of roses; mostly Rosa setigera and Rosa rubig-

Prairie Rose and Sweet- _—__nosa.
brier,

. Withe Rod. Viburnum cassinoides.
. American Strawberry Euonymus Americanus.

Bush.

. Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster frigida,

Tl.
THE MALL AND VICINITY.

In all the Park the noblest conception of the land-
scape architect has been achieved in the Mall. It is
superb. The magnificent stretch of arched vistas made
by the four rows of grand old elms (mostly American)
gives the impression of some vast open-air cathedral.
As you stand at the extreme south end this feeling is
aroused with impressive effect. From this point you
get the full sweep of the majestic lines of trees, and it
is impossible not to feel their dignity and grandeur.
The broad, open space fills you with its stateliness, and
the splendid trees lift their Gothic arches with a serene
nobility which both hushes and exalts the soul. If
anyone can walk down this majestic arcade without a
feeling of reverence, that person is wanting in any
appreciation of the message which trees silently ex-
press to man. I know not when I like this temple
best. It is noble and majestic at all times, be it in
those lovely June days, when the leaves move as with
the sounds of a thousand hushed organs whose echoes
whisper and whisper and whisper with that indescrib-
ably cool refreshment which the ear loves to hold and
dwell upon; or be it in autumn, when the loosed winds
descend upon the broad boughs and drive the flying
gold from their branches, sounding the while the mighty

104

thunder of its diapason through the noble aisles, or in
winter, when the rugged masonry of its architecture is
at its best, column and arch in all the glory of their
naked strength and symmetry. Come here after the
snowstorm has wrought its wonderwork of white along
the silent aisles and behold in equal silence the en-
chantment that is everywhere. The vast vault is
groined with a lacework of tracery and the col-
umned trees hold aloft this fairy roof on arches of
purest marble. No other trees than these elms could
have given the marvelous effect of aisle and arch
which is so magnificent in lift and in perspective, in
aspiration and in suggestion. The cosy nooks of the
Park appeal to you in their ways and draw you lov-
ingly to their confines, but this open spot uplifts you
as the music of the organ, as the sound of the sea.
Even in its silence there is a majesty of repose. Come
here after the driving sleet of the midwinter ice storm
has hammered its flashing mail over these staunch
old trees; when the sun sends a glory over their
crystal arches and fills the flashing vaults with flames
of the ruby, the topaz, the amethyst and the diamond,
while the keen air crackles and snaps with the yearn-
ing of the great boughs as they rock and sway with
the wind. Come here then and walk adown this sylvan
abbey with the wonder of enchantment in thy heart.
Surely this place should be the sanctuary of high aspira-
tions and noble communings. No mean nor petty
thoughts should here walk with the soul. The grand
old trees at every step say, “The groves were God’s
first temples,” and from their silent eloquence comes

105

an ennobling and uplifting of the spirit. Let those who
walk here forget the pomp and splendor of fashion
and display and in humility lose themselves in the
contemplation of the enduring beauty of the Creator’s
handiwork in noble and stately trees.

But let us begin our ramble. We will start with
the Walk at the right of the Mall itself, leading off
from Shakespeare’s Statue. Near its first fork, on
your left, you will find several well grown hackberries,
called also sugarberry trees or nettle trees. You can
identify them by the warty ridges and rough, knotty-
looking excrescences on their trunks, especially marked
about the part nearest the ground. The hackberry
has also a peculiar habit of bunching its smaller branch-
lets in very conspicuous and odd-looking masses which
at once suggest the presence of a bird’s nest in the
tree. This is very noticeable in autumn and winter.
But if these are not enough to identify it, its long,
pointed, egg-shaped, rather lop-sided leaves set alter-
nately on the branch will no doubt fix it for you, or
perhaps you may see the small, roundish berries swing-
ing singly on stems about an inch long, from the axils
of the leaves. These berries, through the summer, are
of a greenish-brown, but turn to purple in September,
when they are ripe. They are about a quarter of an
inch in diameter. The hackberry blooms early in May,
very inconspicuously, in small, yellowish-green flowers
which you scarcely notice, unless looking for them.
The tree belongs to the nettle family.

Just east of the hackberries, in the bend of the left
fork here, is spicebush, and a little beyond it Judas

106

tree, with heart-shaped leaves. At this point we will
now take the right fork of the Walk and follow it east-
ward. As we turn to do so, on our left is a fringe
tree, with an osage orange near the Arch, and back
of both another hackberry. The fringe tree you can
know by its oval, entire leaves, which somewhat re-
semble the leaves of the magnolia. If it is in bloom,
you will know it at once by its fringe-like flowers.
These are four-parted, white, and, in June, cover the
shrub with snow-white masses of bloom. These flow-
ers are succeeded by purple berries. The osage orange
is easily known by the spines in the axils of the leaves.
Back of the fringe tree, north of it, is English haw-
thorn, identified by its thorns and cut-lobed leaves,
wedge-shaped at the base. On the right of the Walk
are Chinese wistaria and mock orange or sweet syringa.

Passing through the Arch here, you meet, on the
left, flowering dogwood, with a cluster of young com-
mon locusts just beyond. On your right, near the
Arch, just as you come out from its shadow, is a fine
‘old sycamore maple. A little beyond, the path forks
again. We take the right branch, passing, on our left,
a hemlock, then a shadbush, the latter about in the bend
of the Walk. The shadbush is easily known by its
-peculiarly-veined bark, steel-gray shot over with
darker, vein-like lines. Diagonally across from the
shadbush, in the right of the Walk, one above and the
other below, are Lonicera fragrantissima and sweet
gum. The honeysuckle is a bush and has cusp-tipped
leaves ; the sweet gum is a tall tree with star-shaped
leaves. A little further on you come to an Arbor.

107

Directly back of it is a shagbark hickory with com-
pound leaves of five leaflets and a noticeably shaggy
bark. Opposite the westerly end of the Arbor, across
the Walk, is American hornbeam, and a little southeast
of the hornbeam, up the slope of the hillside, is the
small-fruited hickory, a variety of pignut hickory.

Continuing along the Walk from the Arbor, you
pass, on your left, black cherry, with rough, scaly
bark, and, very near the next fork of the path, Tarus
cuspidata, English yew, Taxus cuspidata and Nord-
mann’s silver fir. The fir stands nearly in the point of
the fork, and has light silver-gray bark and linear
leaves, dark glossy-green on the upper sides, but
marked on the lower by silvery lines. The leaves are
about an inch long and are distinctly dentate (toothed)
at the tip. The boughs have a flattish look, due to the
horizontal growth of the branches and also to incurv-
ing of the leaves.

As you continue, southerly now, about opposite the
donkey tent, you will see, on your right, three trees
which look, at first glance, very much like Austrian
pines. They are not Austrian, but Corsican pines,
slender-leaved varieties of the Austriaca. Up the hill,
back of these, is a cluster of English oaks, among them
a fastigate form, known as pyramid oak, with branches
which grow up close beside the main trunk of the tree
like a Lombardy poplar. The English oaks you can
know by their round-lobed leaves distinctly eared at
the base. In between the group of English oaks and
the most southerly of the Corsican pines, fine and
feathery, with soft, waving, plume-like sprays of foli-

108

age, a veritable green mist, stands a good specimen of
the Tamarix Gallica, or French tamarisk, which blooms
from May to October in spike-like panicles or small
pinkish or reddish flowers. The leaves of the shrub
are very small, set alternately on the branch in a man-
ner which botanists term “clasping.” Further along
the Walk, not far from the Arch which leads out upon
the vicinity of the Arsenal, you will see, on your right,
a lumpy-barked tree with markings which make you
think of “eyebrows.” If you come upon this tree in
winter its long-pointed, furry buds will tell you it is
of the Magnolia family, and when its leaves are out,
their umbrella-like way of hanging about the ends of
the branches will give you the cue to the tree’s exact
identity—Magnolia umbrella. Its leaves are very large,
often nearly two feet long and from four to eight inches
wide. They are entire and pointed at either end. The
flowers of the tree appear late in May, in large creamy-
white blossoms at the ends of the branches. The tree
has a somewhat catalpa-like sprawl of branching which
is quite distinctive. Its bark is of a dull gray and re-
minds you, in a way, of the beech tree’s color, but of
course is far more humpy and uneven. In September
the umbrella tree begins to show its fruit clusters very
conspicuously through its leaves, magenta-hued husks
which break open and let fall, from each little hole,
seeds of the richest coral, on fairy threads of silk. As
you came along this way you passed, on your left,
about opposite the most southerly of the Corsican pines,
sycamore maple, and back of the donkey tent, well up
the slope, to the east, two very handsome red oaks

109

standing close together. If you love the oaks, study
their winter buds. Their story is marvelously enter-
taining. The buds of the red oak are of a smooth, clean
crimson, far different from the dirty-looking, hairy
buds of the scarlet oak.

Let us now come back and take the fork of the Walk
which runs northerly from the donkey tent. In the
point of the fork, on your left, is the Nordmann’s fir
and several English yews clustered about it. As you
come near the next branching of the Walk, there is a
fine cluster of Turkey oaks out on your left. Note the
thick, heavy ridges of their blackish bark. About op-
posite these, on the right of the Walk, is a pear tree,
and, just back of it, some sassafrass. At the next fork,
which has three tines, on your left, is a stately cluster
of black walnuts. In between the third and middle
branches of the Walk’s fork are two well-grown Hale-
sias or silver bell trees. If you wonder where they
got that name, come and gaze upon them in the spring
(May). Then they cover their branches with the
loveliest of fairy-white bells. Their purity fills you with
a silent joy. The long styles of the pistils hang down
below the corollas like tiny little clappers and give
the flowers a veritable bell-like look. If you stand
still and gaze upon them in sympathetic love, you can
hear their music—a music which no instrument ever
made by man can even faintly echo. Such is the silver
bell in May! Its branches ring with the silent chimes
of the eternal beauty of purity and perfection fresh from
the hand of God. The halesia’s fruit is an easy key
to its identification, a peculiar-looking, four-winged

IIo

affair, which is very conspicuous on the tree as atitumn
draws near. This four-winged nut has given the tree
its botanical name tetraptera, from two Greek words,
tetra (four) and ptera (wings). The halesia’s bark is
also conspicuously marked with dull, reddish-yellow
fissures or lines, which make it easily recognizable in
winter.

Following the westerly branch of the Walk north-
wards, at the point of the west fork, on your left, is
osage orange. This is a double fork with an open
space between the two. At the upper branching, one
shoot runs off to the west to meet the Drive, the other
to the east, to come out by the Morse Statue, near the
Seventy-second Street Gate. Let us take the easterly.
As we start off, we cannot pass without a word of
comment, the fine gathering of stately bald cypresses
which fill the arm of the Walk on our right. Not far
from the next offshoot of path is shagbark hickory,
easily known by its bark which well bears out its name.
Following along, on your left, are swamp white oak
and halesia. Directly west of the halesia is a fine old
white mulberry with glossy green leaves, and directly
west of this mulberry stands another shagbark hickory.
The shagbark’s leaves are made up of five leaflets with
the lower pair much smaller than the upper.

Continuing on, now northerly, we come to three
dogwoods, almost in line with each other, with a fine
old white pine west of the third tree. West of this
white pine is a fair specimen of the yellow birch. You
can know it by its rough, shredded bark, of a peculiar
sheeny gray. In front of the dogwood, by the Walk,

III

stands Scotch elm. Here we are opposite a little arm
of Walk which has run in from near Sixty-ninth
Street. There are several good specimens of Scotch
elm gathered here, and you can know them by the side
points near the ends of their leaves.

Continuing, northwards, near the place where the
Walk widens out around a wooden platform through
the centre of which an aged pin oak still lives on, flut-
tering a few leaves from its lopped branches, you will
find, on your right, Turkey oak, and then two horse-
chestnuts on your left. About opposite the Turkey
oak is European linden, and diagonally northwest of it
is sour gum or tupelo.

The Walk narrows beyond the pin oak in the plat-
form, and as you follow it there is a sturdy European
beech on the right, with a couple of Scotch elms just
beyond. Opposite these, on the left of the Walk, are
two silver maples. Beyond, standing in a stalwart
cluster, are two stately scarlet oaks. These are fine
types, healthy in every way. As you come out upon
the Drive Walk, near the Morse Statue, two well grown
pin oaks fling their boughs over you. You may some-
times confuse a pin oak with a scarlet oak, but one
sure way to distinguish them is by their leaf stems—
the pin oak’s is always slender and yellowish; the
scarlet is swollen at base, stout, and often tinged with
red.

We will turn to the left here and follow the Drive
Walk back to the west and south. Just beyond the
pin oak is an elm which will interest you. Look at its
tiny leaves, This is the Ulmus parvifolia, from Si-

II2

beria. It has a peculiar trick of blooming in September
or October. Its foliage is certainly exquisitely beauti-
ful. Near the place where the Walk begins to bend
southerly is American basswood, with large, heart-
shaped leaves. Southeast of the lamp, just beyond,
are three handsome beeches. The northerly one is
American, the easterly is European, and the westerly
is a purple-leaved European. This is a good place to
note the differences of leaf in the European and native
beech—the tooth leaves of the latter and the entire,
hairy-margined leaves of the former. Where the Walk
crosses from the Casino you will find an old weep-
ing Européan silver linden letting fall its pendulous
boughs, making noble shade in summer. Following
the path on southwards, about opposite the next lamp,
east of it, is swamp white oak. Still keeping to the
south, the path meets another Drive-crossing and then
bends swiftly away from it to the southeast. On your
left, close to the Walk, is another pin oak with steel-
gray bark streaked with black. On your right, about
due west of this pin oak, midway between Walk and
Drive, is a weeping European beech. You cannot mis-
take its weeping form. It looks like a fountain of fall-
ing green in summer; in winter, like some mighty
harp on which a jotun might play the war song of
the winds. A little northeast of the pin oak is another
Turkey oak, with thick, heavily-ridged, rough, black
bark, and south of this a pin oak again, with bristle-
tipped leaves.

Continuing along the Walk, you pass, close by the
path, Oriental plane tree with its spotted bark, then

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113

sycamore maple with its five-lobed leaves, and then
osage orange. This osage orange is one of the oldest
in the Park. Back of the osage orange are several
beeches of the native type. Opposite the osage orange,
on the right of the Walk, is American hornbeam, and
out beyond it, almost in line with the hornbeam, is a
fine old bur or mossy-cup oak. This tree grows close
beside a good sized rock. The rock, by the way, is
beautifully covered with Chinese wistaria. The bur
oak is a tall tree with light gray, scaly bark, so coarsely
furrowed as often to seem scaly. You can pick it out
easily by its peculiar leaves, which have, near the mid-
dle, two sinuses (the curve or bay between the lobes)
opposite each other, cut almost in to the midrib. The
leaves are quite large, from six to twelve inches long,
and look something like an enlarged edition of the
narrow-form leaf of the white oak. But if you fail
to find the characteristic “opposite sinuses,” look for
the corky wings which are almost sure to be present on
the younger branches of the tree. If by chance you
should find an acorn of the tree, its cup, almost com-
pletely grown over the nut and nearly enclosing it with
a frouzelly fringe, will tell you at once that the tree
is the bur oak or over-cup oak. This name well suits
the tree, judging from its acorn.

A little further on and we have come again to the
fork of the Walk by whose easterly branch we pro-
ceeded northerly to the Drive, by the Morse Statue.
Let us now go back to the first branching of the Walk
referred to in this ramble, the first beyond the Shakes-
peare Statue, on the Mall, and follow its /ef¢ arm along

114

its northerly course, midway between Mall and Drive.
We pass many magnificent trees, mostly elms, and the
majority of these of the sweeping vase-form which is
so characteristic of our native species. Among them
you can pick out the oak-like forms of the English
elms, heavy of base, thick set, rough of bark, and with
a broad, horizontal swing of bough. Here, too, are
Scotch elms and smooth-leaved varieties of the English
elm. All are beautiful in their own ways, and as you
walk beneath their boughs you revel in the varied lines
of their forms, in their hues of bark, in their leaves, and
branch sprays.

At the second fork of this Walk, the path splits
right and left. Let us take the right hand or easterly.
Not very far from the point of branching, you meet,
on your right, a small, umbrella-shaped tree with leaves
which reveal its kinship with the European ash. It is
the weeping variety of Fraxinus excelsior. Compare
its leaves with the true European ash which stands in
the point of the next fork of the Walk. The compound
leaves are made up of from five to six pairs of leaf-
lets, with an odd one at the end. These leaflets are
almost sessile (that is, stemless) on the main leaf stalk,
are lance-oblong, serrated and pointed. Where this
fine specimen of European ash rises in the point of the
Walk, the Walk throws out its left arm towards the
Casino, and if you follow it, you will pass Rose of
Sharon, and just across from this shrub, on your
right, as you go towards the Casino, another umbrella-
shaped tree. This tree is an elm, and is the weeping
variety of the Scotch elm, or, commonly, the Camper-

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II5

down elm. See how closely its beautiful large leaves,
with their strong side points shooting out from the
end of the leaf on either side of the terminal point,
resemble the leaves of the Scotch elm proper.

Following the path again, you pass Reeve’s spirza,
with massy, hemispherical heads of white flowers in
June and the lovely bridal-wreath spirzea which, early in
April, stars its branches with the little hanging umbels
of blossoms. These are indeed lovely, miniature com-
pressed wreaths of the purest white, which hang four
or five together in little clusters or umbels along the
branches of this graceful bush. Its leaf is rounded at
the base but comes to a point at the tip, and, as its name
(prunifolia) implies, resembles that of the plum.

At the next fork of the Walk, there is honey locust,
on your right, and, if you take the left branch here, you
pass, about midway between the fork here and the fork
beyond, two good specimens of Oriental plane tree.
In the elbow of the fork beyond these trees, you have
a well grown cluster of American hornbeams, and
opposite these, on your left, as you go west, is a well
grown Japan pagoda tree, Sophora Japonica, some of
whose kinsmen you met on our first ramble, in the
vicinity of the Arsenal. Why this tree was named
pagoda tree is hard to see, but its generic name,
Sophora, is well applied—derived from the Arabic
sofara, yellow, and probably refers to the yellow dye
made by the Japanese and Chinese from its flowers.
These blossoms burst out in August in great clusters
of yellowish-white pea-form flowers, and are suc-

116

ceeded later by glossy green string-like pods which
show very conspicuously.

A little further along, as you pass westerly here, on
this short arm of path to the Mall, about midway
between the Japan pagoda tree and the junction of
this path with the Mall, close at your left hand, is
withe rod, one of the viburnums. This viburnum
has dull green, opposite, simple leaves of thick and
rather leathery texture.

Upon coming out upon the Mall, turn to your left
and take a short little run back by the arm of Walk
which bends around to the southeast here. You will
see panicled hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata, var.
grandiflora) bedded in with a bank of beautiful things.
About midway between the hydrangea and the fork
of the Walk to the southeast, a large birch tree
stands out quite conspicuously near the Walk, on your
left. It is a handsome tree and a splendid specimen
of the cut-leaved variety of European birch. Note
the very beautiful cutting of its leaves.

Turn back now to the steps at the south end of the
Pergola, and proceed through it, northwards. Near
its centre, on your left, you will find American straw-
berry bush (Euonymus Americanus), which you can
identify by its four-angled twigs. These four ridges
are quite noticeable on the dark green twigs. In the
autumn, the fruit of this bush is very beautiful—three
to five-lobed pods, which have a peculiar trick of
curling back, when ripe, and show, beneath their cool
crimson, the bright scarlet seeds beneath. At this
season of the year they are indeed beautiful. A little

117

beyond this bush, you will find Cotoneaster frigida
with oblong leaves which are smooth on the upper-
sides, but pubescent beneath. The leaves are pointed
at both ends. The fruit is scarlet.

On passing from the Pergola, almost in front of
you, is a fine hop tree or shrubby trefoil, which you
recognize by its compound leaves of three leaflets.
Off to the left of this tree is rosy weigela, and to the
left of this (to the west) are several good-sized hale-
sias, with fine light brown fissures in their darkish
bark. These trees line the northerly side of the little
jut of Walk that springs off to the left, down some
short steps to the Mall.

If, on coming from the Pergola, you turn to the
right and cross the Drive that leads in from the
Drive to the Casino, in the corner, you will see a good
locust. Look for its spines. Just north of the first
steps here is weigela with rose-colored flowers: in
June, and in the south-east corner of the second steps,
English hawthorn. Near the Casino, at the northerly
turn of the Drive, are two very good specimens of
the Lonicera Morrowii, which, in June, are covered
With flowers that are, first, pure white, and then change
to yellow. These flowers have their upper lips cleft
almost to the base. The blossoms are succeeded by
bright crimson berries. The shrub is from Japan.
East of the Casino, near the Drive, is a large Euro-
pean hazel with an alternate-leaved dogwood east of
it. Several fine specimens of the European red osier
will be found in the northerly corner of the Casino
Drive where it meets the East Drive. North of these,

118

and east of the Casino, between the Walk and the
East Drive, is a large mass of roses, which is made
up, mostly, of the lovely prairie rose and the sweet-
brier. The prairie rose, climbing rose, or Michigan
rose, can be known by its leaves, which are usually
made up of three leaflets, sometimes five. Its climb-
ing stems are not bristly, but are armed with strong
curved prickles. The leaves are oval, rounded at the
base, but acute or obtuse at the apex. They are alsa
thickish, and have the veins quite deeply depressed.
The sweetbrier, Rosa rubignosa, equally lovely, has
its leaflets five to seven, usually five. They are ob-
tuse at the top, rounded at the base, and covered on
the undersides with resinous glands. From these the
brier gets its sweet fragrance. Its slender stems are
set with stout prickles which are curved backwards
(re-curved). Its flowers are either solitary or in
twos, of a lovely pink to white, and its hips (fruits)
are scarlet and pear-shaped.

North of this clump of roses, near the Drive, is a
pole that carries wires to the Casino. Near this pole
is another handsome bed of roses, mostly made up of
the Rosa centifolia, the cabbage rose. This rose has
its oval leaflets five to seven (usually five), and its
stems beset with straight (mostly) prickles. From
this stock are derived the pompon rose and the moss
rose. Its flowers, on nodding stems (pedicels), are
very fragrant, of a rose purple hue, generally.

Skirting the westerly border of the Drive here, con-
tinuing northward you come to a lamp, just as the
Drive forks to send a branch off to the Terrace. About:

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119

this lamp are clustered several things of interest.
South of it is cabbage rose again, and south of this,
sweetbrier. West of the cabbage rose is fringe tree,
lovely in June, with its fluffs of purest white; west
of the fringe tree, and a little to the north, is
shrub-yellowroot, with its pinnately (sometimes bi-
pinnately) compound leaves. These are usually five-
lobed. Northeast of the shrub - yellowroot stands
Fortune’s white spirzea, with small fine leaves and
tiny fairy-like white flowers in early spring. If you
follow the border of the Drive around toward the
Terrace, you will find, near the second lamp, the hand-
somest cluster of gingko trees in the Park. They
are superb! You can know them at once by their
fan-shaped leaves, or, better still, by their maiden-
hair fern-like leaves. How lovely they are, with their
great long branches growing from the main trunk
at angles of about forty-five degrees. What a glory
is their green! And when autumn changes this to a
soft lemon yellow, ask for no richer sight.

Directly north of these fine gingko trees, quite.
near the Drive, is a bush with its leaves in fives. It
is the European bladder nut, Staphylea pinnata, with
small, hanging clusters of flowers, when in bloom, in
May or June.

Let us now come back to the southern end of the
Mall, and follow the left branch of the Walk which
turns off by the Statue of Columbus. Its first arm
leads us past a fine old horsechestnut, a spreading
European beech, and a sturdy English elm at the left
of the second fork. The Walk bends here to the

120

west, and trends northward in graceful curves, be-
tween the Mall and the Drive. A gnarled sour gum
blazons its crimson banners to the autumn sun very
near to where the Walk begins to bend northerly. It
is a little to the right of the Walk. You can tell it
by the crowding of its oval, entire leaves at the ends
of the side branches. Not far from the sour gum,
and quite near the Walk is red maple. Some dis-
tance beyond, where the Walk swings gently to the
west, after its slight bend to the east, you come, on
your left, upon several oaks. The first is swamp white
oak, the next two are white oaks, and the next be-
yond, the last of the four, is an English oak which
was planted in the year 1861 by the present King of
England, when he visited this country as Prince of
Wales. The tree has since been known as the “Prince
of Wales Oak.” It has had every care, but for some
reason, it does not seem to be doing over well—in-
deed, it is just about holding its own.

At the spot where the Walk touches the Drive there
is English elm again. The Walk then draws away
from the Drive, opens out into the transept of the
Mall, and throws off a cosy little side-shoot of path
again at your left. This snuggles down close to the
Drive, and runs with it for a little space. If you
take it, it will show you a good swamp white oak
with a fine old white ash just beyond it. The ash
has compound leaves. These are on your right. On
your left, where the Walk comes nearest to the Drive,
you will find a catalpa and a sassafras. Opposite
these, about midway between them, a stately old white

I21

pine flings out its free-hearted boughs in the broad
and open way so characteristic of it. A clump of
witch hazel with large oval, unequal-sided leaves, has
taken its stand, just beyond, not far from where the
Walk and Drive begin to draw together again. Try
to see the witch hazel in the fall, October or November,
when it decks its branches gaily with its slender
ribbons of yellow four-petaled flowers, so daintily
crimped, so delicately beautiful. Surely they are fairy-
like as they flutter there so bravely in the keen crisp
air. The yellow four petals of the flowers which flut-
ter like tiny crimped ribbons, are inserted upon the
calyx. The flower has eight small stamens, only four
of which are perfect and have anthers. The anthers
carry the pollen. The other four are imperfect and
are scale like. The four with anthers are alternate
with the petals. The fruit of the witch hazel is a two
celled nut-like capsule, which contains two very hard
black seeds. When the fruit is ripe the nut opens with
a snap and discharges these seeds like a pop-gun.
William Hamilton Gibson once measured the distance
of some witch hazel seeds as they were discharged
from the nut, and found that they were thrown over
thirty feet, so great was the force expended. Across
from the witch hazel, on the right of the Walk, is
another hearty old white pine. The white pine has its
leaves in clusters of five, as has been said, and about
three, four, or five inches long, of a bluish-green.
They are very soft and slender, three-sided, needle-
shaped, and are whitish on the undersides. The cones
of the white pine are about five inches long, cylin-

122

drical in shape and usually bent in a gentle curve.
The scales are thin and smoothish and free from prick-
les. The white pine is also called the Weymouth Pine,
especially in England, because it was first cultivated
there by Lord Weymouth. Beyond, the Walk again
touches the Drive, and, as it draws away again, in the
point between Walk and Drive, are long sweeping
masses of Gordon’s syringa. The Walk curves on to
the southeast and brings you out upon the northern
end of the Mall, with its magnificent sweep of elms
and its noble outlook from the Terrace over the Es-
planade and Lake,

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Explanations, Map No. 4

Common Name.

. Evergreen Thorn or Fire

Thorn.

. Silver or White Maple.
. English Cork-bark Elm,

. Hop Tree or Shrubby Tre-

foil.

. Buttonwood or American

Sycamore.

- Pin_or Swamp Spanish

Oak

. Swamp White Oak.
. Turkey Oak.

. Red Oak.

. Sycamore Maple.

orway Maple.

. Osage Orange.
. Weeping Golden Bell or

Forsythia.

. White Pine.

. Cockspur Thorn.

. Bladder Senna.

. Scotch or Wych Elm.

. American or White Elm.
. Sugar or Rock Maple.

. Scotch Pine.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. American Hornbeam,

Blue or Water Beech.
American White Ash.

. Tulip Tree.

Silver or White Maple.

. American Arbor Vite.

Plume-leaved Japan Arbor
Vitae.

. Hemlock.

Botanica, Name.
Crategus pyracantha.

Acer dasycarpum.

Ulmus campestris, var. suber-

osa,
Ptelea trifoliata.

Platanus Occidentalis.
Quercus palustris.

Quercus bicolor.
Quercus cerris,
Quercus rubra.

Acer pseudoplatanus.
Acer platanoides.
Maclura aurantiaca,
Forsythia suspensa.

Pinus strobus.
Crategus crus-gallt,
Colutea arborescens.
Ulmus Montana.
Ulmus Americana.
Acer saccharinum,
Pinus sylvestris.
Catalpa bignonioides.

Carpinus Caroliniana,

Fraxinus Americana,
Liriodendron tulipijera.
Acer dasycarpum.

Thuya Occidentalis.
Chamecyparis (or Retinos-

pora) pisifera, var. plumosa.,

Tsuga Canadensis.

128

Common Name

. Indian Currant or Coral

Berry.

. American or White Elm.
. Red Maple.

. Cup Plant.

. American Hazel.

. Black Cherry.

. Chestnut Oak.

. American Chestnut,

. Black Haw.

. American or White Elm.
. Scarlet Oak.

. Pignut or Broom Hickory.
. White Oak.

. Pignut Hickory.

. English or Field Elm.

. White Beam Tree.

. Dwarf Mountain Sumac.
. Norway Spruce.

. White Mulberry.

. Fontanesia.

. Ramanas Rose or Japan

Rose (Pink and White
flowers).

. Cockspur Thorn.
. Common Snowball or

Guelder Rose.

. Honey Locust.

. Norway Maple.

. American or White Elm.
. Indian Currant, Coral

Berry.

. Common Barberry.

. Mound Lily.

. Pearl Bush.

. Barberry Box Thorn or

Matrimony Vine.

. Prairie Rose or Wild

Climbing Rose (Double
flowered).

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.
. Rhodotypos.
. Cut-leaved Blackberry.

BotanicaL NAME
Symphoricarpos vulgaris.

Ulmus Americana.

Acer rubrum.

Silphium perjoliatum.

Corylus Americana.

Prunus serotina.

Quercus prinus.

Castanea sativa, var. Ameri-
cana.

Viburnum prunifolium.

Ulmus Americana.

Quercus coccinea,

Carya porcina.

Quercus alba.

Carya porcina.

Ulmus campestris.

Sorbus (or Pyrus) aria.

Rhus copallina.

Picea excelsa.

Morus alba.

Fontanesia Fortunei.

Rosa rugosa,

Crategus crus-galli. :
Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis.

Gleditschia triacanthos.
Acer platanoides.

Ulmus Americana.
Symphoricarpos vulgaris.

Berberis vulgaris.

Yucca gloriosa (or pendula).
Exochorda grandiflora.
Lycium barbarum.

Rosa Setigera, var. flore pleno.
Lonicera fragrantissima.

Rhodotypos kerriodes.
Rubus laciniatus.

. American Linden.

. Alternate-leaved

129

. Weeping European Sil-

ver Linden.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. Black Alder or Common

Winterberry,

. Swamp Dogwood, Silky

Dogwood, or Kinnikin-
nik.

Bass-
wood.

. Colchicum-leaved maple.
. European Beech.

. Norway Maple.

. Chinese White Magnolia

or Yulan (Pure white
flowers).

. European Cherry. Maha-

leb Cherry.

. Red Cedar.
. White Mulberry
. Japan Zebra Grass.

Dog-
wood

. American Strawberry

Bush.

. Bayberry or Wax Myrtle.
. Josika Lilac.

. Chinese Lilac.

. Japan Shadbush.

. Siberian or Mountain-ash-

leaved Spirza.

. European Red Osier, Red-

stemmed Dogwood, or
White-fruited Dog-
wood (also called Si-
berian Red Osier).

. Hackberry, Sugarberry, or

Nettle Tree.

. Slender Deutzia.
. Ramanas Rose (White

flowers).

. Large-flowered Mock

Orange or Syringa (Var-
iety floribyndus).

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba) pendula.
Populus montlifera.

Ilex verticillata.

Cornus sericea,

Tilia Americana.

Acer letum.

Fagus sylvatica,
Acer platanoides.
Magnolia conspicua.

Prunus Mahaleb.

Juniperus Virginiana.

Morus alba.

Eulalia Japonica, var.
brina.

Cornus alternifolia.

Euonymus Americanus,
Myrica cerifera.
Syringa Josikea,
Syringa villosa. ;
Amelanchier Japonica,

Spirea sorbijolia.
Cornus sanguinea (or alba).

Celtis Occidentalis.

Deuizia gracilis.
Rosa rugosa.

Philadelphus grandiflorus, var.

florrbundus.

2e-

89.

go.
gr.

92.
93-

94.
95-

96.
97-
98.

130

Common Mock Orange or
Sweet Syringa.

Common Elder.

Pekin Lilac.

Prairie or Wild Climbing
Rose (Single flowers).

Meadow or Early Wild
Rose. ‘

Japan Bladder Nut.

Common Chokeberry(Red
berries).

Black Chokeberry (Black
berries).

Bristly Locust, Rose Aca-
cia or Moss Locust.

Chinese Privet.

Philadelphus coronarius,

Sambucus Canadensis.

Syringa Pekinensis (or ligus-
trina).

Rosa setigera,

Rosa blanda.

Staphylea Bumalda.
Pyrus arbutifolia.

Pyrus arbutifolia, var. mel-
anocar.

fe.
Robinia hispida.

Ligustrum Ibota, var, Amur-
ensts.

IV.
THE GREEN AND VICINITY

At West Sixty-sixth Street, a little by-path leads
in from behind the Sheepfold, around to the Walk that
borders the westerly side of the Drive. There are
many pretty things along its course, but we cannot
linger, for the circuit of the “Green” is ahead of us.
But we must stop long enough to take a glance at two
or three things here, as we go along. Just as this
by-path begins to bend easterly, you will find, on your
right, the pretty Japan bladdernut (Staphylea Bu-
malda) with trifoliate leaves, the central leaflet short-
stemmed. Just beyond, you pass, about opposite each
other, pin oak (southerly side of Walk) Pyrus
arbutifolia (northerly side). The red chokeberry is
an erect shrub with obovate leaves, of smoothish
(uppersides) texture, but pubescent beneath. They
are quite short-stemmed. In April or May its pretty
white corymbs of flowers appear, and these are suc-
ceeded by red berries. Across from the pin oak here,
close by the Sheepfold’s corner, you will find a spec-
imen of the dark-berried chokeberry. Its berries are
almost black and shining.

In the little somewhat rectangular space or plat of
ground in front of the Sheepfold there are several in-
teresting things. In the northwestern corner, Japan
shadbush, with ovate-elliptic leaves which are densely

132

woolly, especially after unfolding; in the northeastern
corner, Chinese privet; in the southwest corner, the
Josika lilac, of Hungarian stock, with leaves that make
you think of the fringe-tree. Some bushes of the
Chinese lilac stand just above this, in about the center
of the space, by the border. Its leaves are broadly
ovate, whitish beneath, and covered along the veins
with hairs. The leaves are on short, stout, grooved
stems. Just north of the villosa is Pekin lilac. Close
by the Bridle Path, about the center of the space we
are considering here, you will find two small growths
of the fire thorn or evergreen thorn, with lance-spat-
ulate leaves and small clusters of brilliant red berries,
which are about the size of small peas. You can
know it by its thorns. Just beyond this, is meadow
or early wild rose (Rosa blanda), with its leaflets, five
to seven, oval obtuse. Beyond the blanda, you will
find prairie rose (Rosa setigera), with leaflets, three
to five, oval acute.

Around the Seventh Regiment Monument there are
clustered some beautiful things. Let us follow the
path that leads to and around it, going northerly. As
this path branches off to the left (west) from the Walk
that borders the west side of the Drive, you pass, on
your left, Indian currant, a pretty low straggling bush
with small oval leaves and beautiful coral-red berries
in autumn. Just beyond it is common barberry with
oblong leaves and plenty of spines. Beyond this, in
the corner just as the path opens out about the Monu-
ment, low down, with sabre-like leaves, is mound lily.
Look at the margins of these leaves. You see they

133

do not shred off into fine thread-like filaments, like
the Adam’s needle you found down on Section Num-
ber One. Beyond the mound lily, and about south
of the center of the Monument, is the pretty pearl
bush, cultivated from China for its large white flowers.
These have spoon-shaped petals, and come out in long
axillary racemes in May or June. It is a beautiful
shrub, and the white of its flowers is purity itself. It
gets its name from the Latin exo, external, and chorde,
a thong, referring to the structure of the fruit. At
the far south-westerly corner of the path is Lycium
barbarum. Directly back (west) of the Monument
is a handsome double-flowered variety of the prairie
rose, and at the northwest corner of the path we have
fragrant honeysuckle. Directly north of the Monu-
ment are two low-growing specimens of the pearl bush.

On the right of the Walk, as you went around,
you passed Rhodotypos (in the corner), then cut-
leaved blackberry and bristly locust, opposite the
mound lily. The bristly locust is easily identified by
its bristly branches and locust leaves. It sprawls
about beautifully here, directly opposite the south-
éasterly corner of the Monument. As you follow the
path down the gentle decline to its junction with the
Drive Walk, you will see, on your right, as you go
northerly, a fine old weeping European silver linden.

Follow the Drive Walk northwards from this junc-
tion, and, about half way to the Arbor beyond, you
will pass three fine cottonwoods. These are on the
left of the Walk. Beyond these, a little space, on the
left again, you will find black alder or common win-

134

terberry, conspicuous in the fall, for its bright red
berries. Its leaves are wedge-shaped at the base. Be-
yond these, on the right, in the point of the bed here
between Walk and Drive, is Rhodotypos with its ovate,
opposite leaves which remind you of the arrowwood.
Continuing, on your left again, nearly opposite the
Arbor, stands a handsome honey locust with dark, al-
most blackish bark, strong thorns, and delicate pinnate
leaves. Just north of the honey locust is swamp dog-
wood or kinnikinnik, with silky pubescent leaves, cream
white flowers in late spring or early summer, in flat
cymes and pale-blue berries. Roiling out beside this
shrub is a handsome mass of the Cornus sanguinea,
with broadly ovate leaves coming down to a point
at the tip. It gets its name sanguinea from its end
branches which in winter turn a beautiful polished
crimson. Afar off then you can see its ruddy glow,
and against the snow it is charming. Its specific name
alba applies to its fruit, white berries. Passing on,
near where the Walk bends up toward Seventy-second
Street Gate, a fine old osage orange spreads out its
shining canopy of sun-glinted leaves. Its dark-brown
bark with a decided reddish cast will mark it for you.
But if this is not enough, look for the spines in the
axils of its leaves. This tree fruits heavily, and if
you are passing it in the autumn, you will see the
large pale-green “oranges” hanging conspicuously amid
the branches. Of course, the term “orange” is merely
applied from their resemblance to that fruit. The
green fruit of the osage, as you can see by examin-
ing the pieces which are sure to be under the tree, is

135

simply a ball of closely compressed drupes. Each of
these drupes are oblong and filled with a milk-like
juice. And don’t the squirrels love them! The osage
stands about opposite another honey locust. Going
to the Arbor over the Walk, near West Seventy-second
Street Gate, standing close by its southwesterly end,
is a basswood, with large (four to six inches) lop-
sided heart-shaped leaves, with the largest side of the
leaf nearest the branch. The fruits look like good-
sized woolly peas. Off to the west of the basswood,
down the bank, thrusting its leaves over the Bridle
Path, is a small alternate-leaved dogwood. If you can
get close enough to it, you will see that its leaves
are set alternately on the branches, especially at the
end-branches—a feature quite distinct from the other
cornels which have their leaves all opposite on the
branch.

Let us now come back to the Sheepfold and make
the circuit of the Green. We cross the Drive and
continue our ramble along the southerly side of the
broad open stretch which has been so aptly called the
“Green.” As we enter upon it, on our right, stands
a fine old swamp white oak, and opposite to it, in
the left-hand corner, a pin oak. Note the different
character of bark on these two trees—the smooth
steel-gray of the pin oak, streaked with black, and the
rough ash-gray of the swamp oak, cut in long flattish
strip-like scales or plates which have a rather shaggy
look. Beyond the swamp white oak are two Turkey
oaks, easily known by their dark heavily-ridged bark,
and beyond the Turkey oaks, a splendid red oak.

136

This tree is lordly! Stand off and let your eyes rove
in delight over its lustrous green. In the corner of
the next offshoot of path is osage orange, with a fine
mass of weeping Forsythia beyond it, and a hackberry
opposite the Forsythia. The hackberry can easily be
known by its warty bark and “bird’s nest” clusters of
branches. Opposite the osage orange, on your left,
is sycamore maple with its cordate five-lobed thickish
leaves on long reddish leaf-stems. Out upon the
Green, just north of this tree, is Norway maple.

Continuing eastwards along the southerly side of
the Green, you pass, on your right, white pine, cock-
spur thorn, and then a goodly gathering of more white
pines. Some little distance along, is Scotch elm, and
close by the brink of Transverse Road No. 1, about
southwest of the Scotch elm, you will see bladder
senna. It has compound leaves (seven to eleven leaf-
lets), and belongs to the pulse family. In summer
(July) it flowers in golden racemes. These yellow
pea flowers are succeeded by bladder-like pods which
puff out very conspicuously all over the bush in a
way that at once stirs your curiosity.

Back on the Walk again, and continuing easterly,
you pass Scotch elm, on your right, and then, on your
left, out on the Green, sycamore maple, American elm,
sycamore maple, sugar maple, sycamore maple. Just
beyond is an old catalpa, and close about the rcoks
here several American hornbeams. A fine white ash
has set its firm foot on the next rock mass, and faces
a pin oak, to the south, with a couple of lordly tulip
trees beside the pin oak.

137

As this Walk approaches the Drive, there is a good
specimen of American arbor vite and a golden plume-
leaved retinospora. The American arbor vite is easily
distinguished by the glands on the backs of its closely
appressed scale-like leaves, and the retinospora by its
fine plume-like leaf-sprays.

Let us turn here and follow the trend of the Walk
northerly along the east side of the Green. We pass
a cluster of silver maples, then a struggling little hem-
lock, and then some good specimens of American elm.
These are near a lamp-post by the Drive. Now we
go northerly, and opposite another lamp-post by Drive
(about half way to the next off-shoot of Walk) is
silver maple with a red maple beside it.

At the next fork of the Walk, the left-hand branch
cuts across the upper part of the Green. Let us take
it. At the right-hand corner of this path, as you go
westerly, is a good white pine that still sings its re-
quiem music to the sweep of winter winds. A lordly
group of tulip trees are clustered together, a little
further along on your right (north), with tall col-
umnar trunks and white seed “cones” against the
autumn sky. Opposite these, on the other side of the
Walk, is catalpa. A little further on, as you go west-
erly, a rock cuts up through the swelling greensward.
In its easterly shoulder, a little black haw leans out
most invitingly. At the northerly end of the rock is
American chestnut. Back of the chestnut, on the rock
is a ragged old red cedar with bare trunk and close
scale-like leaves (awl-shaped on the younger growths).
South of this red cedar, and about west of the black

138

haw, is a white mulberry with shining green mitten-
shaped leaves. Beyond the rock, an American elm
sweeps up its vase-like form, and, diagonally across
the Walk from it, is a Norway maple, full foliaged
and lusty. About in line with the next abutment of
rock, but close by the border (right) of the Walk,
is scarlet oak with bristle-tipped leaves, and just be-
yond it, a pignut hickory. Beyond the hickory is
white oak, standing just back of another pignut. The
pignut has compound leaves, with the leaf stem smooth,
The white oak’s leaves are simple and round-lobed.
A little further along we come to a large mass of rock
on the right (north) of the Walk. This mass is quite
near the Mineral Spring House. The beautiful dwarf
mountain sumac garnishes its southeastern corner.
This sumac you easily recognize by the wing along
the leaf-stem and between the leaflets. Up the rock,
and back of the sumac an old black cherry lifts its
shaggy scaly bark. Down in the southwesterly corner
of the rock mass is a whispering chatty gathering of
the Japan zebra grass. How lovely it is, with its
handsome bands (across the leaves) of green and
white.

Near the Mineral Spring House, beyond the rock
mass here, the Walk throws off an arm to the right
(northerly) which meets the Border Walk of the Drive
beyond. This arm of pathway has a very interesting
tree to show us—the white beam tree of the mountain-
ash tree family. It stands on the right (east) of the
path, about opposite the short branch of Walk that
runs in behind Mineral Spring House. This tree, from

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139

its leaf, might be mistaken for a scarlet-fruited haw-
thorn, for indeed the leaves are rather similar. But
the lack of any thorns on the tree relieves it at once
of that accusation. As has been said above, the tree
belongs to the mountain-ash family, and in May breaks
out its flowers in broad white corymbs which change
later, with clusters of roundish orange-red berries
crowded closely together. The leaves of the tree are
dark-green on the uppersides, but are very white
(tomentose) on the undersides. In shape they are
roundish-ovate or oblong-oval, generally wedge-shaped
at the base, either acute or obtuse at the point, and
with margins sharply and doubly serrate. Continu-
ing along the Walk, beyond the white beam tree, you
pass, on your left, Norway spruce with dark sombre
branches that droop in A-form on either side of the
main boughs. You know it is a spruce, because its
leaves are four-sided. A white mulberry with mitten-
shaped leaves stands just beyond it. As the Walk
curves around to meet the Border Walk, about half
way around, on your right, is a fine mass of common
elder. See it in June when it lays over its rolling
masses of green the lace of its white kerchiefs of bloom
—the lovely broad flat corymbs of its white flowers.
In the point of the Walk’s junction with the Border
Walk, is a beautiful mass of the Ramanas rose. This
is made up mostly of the white-flowered variety. Diag-
onally across on the bed at the north of the Border
Walk you will find the pink and the white-flowered
varieties of this handsome rose beautifully inter-
mingled. The leaflets of this rose run in fives to nines,

140

and the branch stems are densely thick with prickles
and bristles. They look “mossy” with them. The
leaflets are dark glossy and shining green on the upper-
sides.

If you follow the trend of the Border Walk here,
easterly, about midway opposite the bank of the pink
and white Ramanas rose, you will find, on your right,
a fair specimen of the Fontanesia—the same kind of
shrub, with the willow-like leaves you met down in
Section No. 1, near the Bosc’s red ash and the Dairy.
Beyond the Fontanesia here, a little beyond a point
about opposite the “Falconer,” but close by the right-
hand border of the Walk, you come to American
strawberry bush, and beside it, the beautiful Siberian
or Mountain ash-leaved spirza ‘The former has ovate-
lanceolate simple leaves, the latter has compound leaves,
which closely resemble the leaves of the mountain ash.
The Siberian spirea blooms in July in great white
fluffs that are welcome sights at that time of year,
when you wonder that anything has energy enough to
show a petal of bloom.

Should you follow the path around by the Drive,
easterly, it will lead you past a splendid sweep of green
to the fork where you turned off to go toward the
Mineral Spring House. As you come to the rock
mass (on your right) about opposite the Drive crossing
to the Mall, you pass a handsome cluster of Turkey
oaks. These are on the left of the Walk, between the
Walk and the Drive. Up on the rocks at your right,
on the extreme southerly end, is a chestnut oak with
wavy-lobed leaves. Just beyond the lamp-post here,

t4i

on your left, is American hazel, with leaves slightly
heart-shaped at the base, rather broadly oval and more
or less pointed at the tip. Where the border bed of
the Walk narrows here, a white pine spreads its open-
hearted, level boughs, and on your right, as you now go
southerly, not far from the fork of the Walk beyond, you
will see a large mass of the gladsome cup plant starring
out its beautiful yellow flowers in summer. You can
recognize it easily by its very square stems and leaves
that clasp about the stems in a way that is truly cup-
like. In the right hand corner of the fork, beyond, is
another white pine.

Had you taken the left branch of the Walk, after
passing around behind the Mineral Spring House, it
would have led you by cockspur thorn (on your right,
as you passed westerly) and Scotch elm (diagonally
across from the cockspur thorn. The thorn has glossy,
wedge, obovate leaves; the elm, large, thick leaves with
a long, abrupt point on either side of which lesser
points jut out conspicuously. A handsome mass of
the large-flowered syringa banks the border bed, on
your right, where it narrows to a point between Walk
and Drive. Beyond is a lamp-post, and opposite to it,
on your left, back on the greensward a little, is guelder
rose or common snowball, one of the viburnums. You
can know it easily by its three-lobed leaves. In the
guelder rose all the individual flowers are sterile and
form large, round heads of bloom. This shrub is really
the sterile variety of the common high-bush cranberry.
Compare the leaves of this shrub with those of the
high-bush cranberry in other parts of the Park, and

142

note their similarity. Continuing, on your left, you
pass sycamore maple, with its five-lobed, cordate leaves
on long, reddish leaf stems. Here we have come to the
Arbor by the Drive, bowered so beautifully by the
cluster of honey locusts, that with their fierce thorns
seem a silent guard-at-arms over the pretty little nook.
While you are at the Arbor, go through it and have a
look at the fine row of red oaks that have marshaled
the bravery of their glossy green between the Mineral
Spring House and the Arbor.

Before leaving this section, if it has been your good
fortune to have procured a permit, cross the Drive at
the lamp-post opposite the guelder rose to the lamp-post
on the northerly side of the Drive and strike due north
of this until you corne to a tree with light-gray bark
and leaves reverse egg-shape (obovate) that have a little
abrupt point at the end. This tree is the Chinese white
magnolia or Yulan, and I hope you can see it bloom in
April. It is then a cloud of pure white, lovely beyond
words. The large, cream-white blossoms seem to float
upon the air and the fragrance of their perfume is in-
expressibly sweet upon the April breeze. The blossoms
come before the leaves appear, breaking out from the
great furry buds that have been the tree’s conspicu-
ous and individual winter marks of identification. The
winter buds of the conspicua have a somewhat greenish
cast through their furry coats, while those of its near
hybrid, the Soulangeana, are quite brownish.

Across to the west of conspicua is a large rock mass,
and west of this, near the Drive, you will find an in-

143

teresting group of trees. They are the Colchicum-
leaved maples, and you can tell them by their beautiful
bark striations or veinings, or by their somewhat
star-like leaves, The leaves are five to seven lobed,
smooth, and just a trifle heart-shaped at the base.
They are smooth and green on either side, and are of
a thin and tender texture. These trees are indeed
handsome, and the markings on their branches remind
me of the beautiful stems of the shadbush. The bloom
of these maples is in the spring in erect corymbs, some-
what like the flowers of the Norway maple. Hand-
some trees they are, surely, and seem to be all thriving
here. May you have the good fortune to get near to
them and let your eyes revel over their beautifully
marked boughs.

Northwest of the Colchicum maples, you will find
close by the Drive, a splendid example of the European
beech. It is broad boughed and in excellent condition.
This handsome tree is almost opposite the pretty little
rustic Arbor which arches the Walk that bends to
the south just after entering the West Seventy-Second
Street Gate. As you drive in from the Gate it is sure
to catch your eye, for it stands well out alone on the
lawn and has had plenty of room to grow to its full
perfection. As I have said before, notice its leaves,
which are not toothed but have their margins fringed
with delicate hairs. This fringing of the margin with
hairs is termed botanically, ciliate. The American
beech differs from the European in having very de-
cidedly toothed leaves, the teeth terminating the ends of

144

the veins at the margin of the leaf. It may be inter-
esting to add here that the beech belongs to the oak
family, which includes, also, the birch, alder, hazel,
hop, hornbeam, and chestnut.

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Explanations, Map No. 5

Common NAME

. English Oak.

. Japan Maple.

. Austrian Pine.

. Mugho Pine.

. Umbel-flowered Oleaster.

European White Birch.

. European or English Yew.

Purple-leaved European
White Birch.

. Purple-leaved European

Hazel.
American Linden, Bass-
wood, Bee Tree.
Japan Snowball.
Black Cherry.
Nordmann’s Silver Fir.
American or White Elm.
Abrupt-leaved Japan
Yew.
Japan Rose.
Thunberg’s Barberry.
European Bladder Nut.
Willow Oak.
apan Shadbush.
Siebold’s Viburnum.
Panicled Hydrangea
(Large flowered).
Rosemary-leaved Willow.

Plume Grass.

Japan Bamboo.

Variegated Japan Plume
Grass.

Weeping European White
Birch.

Laurel-leaved Willow.

Garden Red Cherry, Mor-
ello Cherry.

BotanicaL NAME

Quercus robur.

Acer polymorphum.,

Pinus Austriaca,

Pinus Montana, var. Mughus.
Eleagnus umbellata.

Betula alba.

Taxus baccata,

Betula alba, var. atropurpurea,

Corylus avellana, var. atropur-
ured.
Tilia Americana.

Viburnum plicatum.
Prunus serotina.
Abies Nordmanniana.
Ulmus Americana,
Taxus cuspidata,

Rosa rugosa.

Berberis Thunbergit.

Staphylea pinnata,

Quercus phellos.

Amelanchier Japonica.

Viburnum Steboldi.

Hydrangea paniculata,

randtfiora.

Salix rosmartnifolia (or in-
cana).

Erianthus Ravenne.

Bambusa Metake.

Eulalia (or Miscanthus) Ja-
ponica, var. foliis variegatis.

Betula alba, var. pendula,

var.

Salix pentandra.
Prunus cerasus.

150

Common NAME

. Golden or Yellow Willow.
. Cut-leaved European

Beech.

. Long-Stemmed Elm.
. Weigela (Dark crimson

flowers).

. Sugar or Rock Maple.
. Chinese Cork Tree.
. European (or Siberian)

Red Osier, Red-stem-
med Dogwood, White-
fruited Dogwood.

. Purple-leaved Norway

Maple.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. Arrowwood.

. Black Haw.

. Buckthorn.

. Bush Deutzia.

. European Beech

. Red Maple.

. Pin Oak.

. Silver or White Maple.

. English or Field Elm.

. American or White Elm.
. Sycamore Maple.

. Shadbush, June Berry or

Service Berry.

. Common Snowball or

Guelder Rose.

. Californian Privet.
. Cornelian Cherry.
. American Sycamore, But-

tonwood, Buttonball.
Sycamore M:

: aple.
. Scotch Elm, Wych Elm.
. Purple-leaved European

azel.

. Yellowwood.

. Bald Cypress.

. Imperial Paulownia.

. Plume-leaved Retinospora

or Japan Arbor Vite.

. European orEnglish Yew.

Botanical NAME

Salix alba, var. vitellina.

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata
(or asplenifolta).

Ulmus effusa.

i ta hybrida, var. Laval-
et.

Acer saccharinum,

Phellodendron Amurense.

Cornus sanguinea (or alba).

Acer platanoides, var. pur-
purea.

Catalpa Bignonioides.

Viburnum dentatum,
Viburnum prunifolium,
Rhamuus cathartica,
Deutzia crenata.

Fagus sylvatica,

Acer rabrum.

Quercus palustris.

Acer dasycarpum.
Ulmus campestris.
Ulmus Americana.
Acer pseudoplatanus,
Amelanchier Canadensis.

Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis.

Ligustrum ovalijolium.
Cornus mascula,
Platanus occidentalis.

Acer pseudoplatanus.

Ulmus Montana,

Corylus Avellana, var. atro-
purpurea.

Cladrastis tinctoria,

Taxodium distichum,

Paulownia imperialis.

Chamecyparis (or Retinospora)
pisifera, var. plumosa.

Taxus baccata,

151

Common NaMeE

. American or White Ash.
. Ginkgo Tree, or Maiden-

hair Tree,

. Scotch Elm.

. American White Ash.

. Oriental Plane Tree.

. Black Cherry.

. American Beech.

. Weeping European Silver

Linden.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. Laurel Oak or Shingle Oak.
. English or Field Elm.

. Scotch Pine.

. Scotch Elm.

. Willow Oak.

. Red Oak.

. White Pine.

. Ninebark.

. Oriental Spruce.
. Nordmann’s Silver Fir.
. Keelreuteria or Varnish

Tree.

. Sweet Bay or Swamp

Magnolia.

. Stuartia.
. Mount Atlas Cedar, Silver

Cedar, African Cedar.

. Cucumber Tree or Moun-

tain Magnolia.

. Japan Quince.
. Sweet Bay or Swamp

Magnolia.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Rhodotypos.

. Beach Plum.

. Ramanas Rose or Japan

Rose.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. European or Tree Alder.
. Great-leaved Magnolia.
. Umbrella Tree.

Botanical NAME

Fraxinus Americana,
Salisburia adiantifolia,

Ulmus Montana.

Fraxinus Americana,

Platanus Orientalis.

Prunus serotina.,

Fi ae ferruginea.

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba) pendula.

Populus monilifera.

Quercus imbricaria.

Ulmus campestris,

Pinus sylvestris.

Ulmus Montana,

Quercus phellos.

Quercus rubra.

Pinus strobus.

Physocarpus (or Spirea) op-
ulifolia,

Picea Orientalis.

Abies Nordmanniana.

Kelreuteria paniculata.

Magnolia glauca,

Stuartia pentagyna.
Cedrus Atlantica,

Magnolia acuminata.

Cydonia Japonica.
Magnolia glauca.

Lonicera fragrantissima.
Rhodotypos kerrioides.
Prunus maritima.

Rosa rugosa.

Populus monilifera.
Alnus glutinosa.

Magnolia macrophylla
Magnolia umbrella.

152

Common NAME

. European Bird Cherry.
. Fringe Tree.
. Double- flowering Crab

Apple.

. Greenor Mountain Alder.
. Black Willow.
. English Cork-bark Elm.

. Persimmon.
. European Beech.

. Wild Red Osier.

. American Hornbeam.
. Ailanthus

or Tree of
Heaven.

. American or White Elm.
. Sourwood or Sorrel Tree.
. Common Horechestnut.
. Panicled Dogwood.

. Red Cedar.

. European Beech.

. Weigela (white flowers).
. Chinese Lilac.

. *Butternut or White

Walnut.

. Swamp White Oak.
. Sassafras.
. Cut-leaved European

Beech.

. Norway Maple.
. Californian Rose Mallow.

BotanicaL NAME

Prunus padus.
Chionanthus Virginica.
Pyrus malus, var, flore pleno.

Alnus viridis,

Salix nigra.

Ulmus campestris, var. sube-
rosa,

Diospyros Virginiana,

Fagus sylvatica,

Cornus stolonifera,

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Ailanthus glandulosus.

Ulmus Americana.
Oxydendrum arboreum,
4isculus hippocastanum.
Cornus paniculata,
Juniperus Virginiana.
Fagus sylvatica.

Diervilla alba (or candida).
Syringa Pekinensts.
Juglans cinerea.

Quercus bicolor.
Sassafras officinale.
Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata.

Acer platanoides.
Hibiscus Californicus.

V.

EAST SEVENTY-SECOND STREET TO EAST SEVENTY-
NINTH STREET

Enter, for this ramble, at East Seventy - second
Street, and turn off to the right at the first fork of
the Walk. The path here splits right and left. Close
by the second series of steps on the left branch of
Walk (the westerly) you will find the interesting
rosemary-leaved willow. It is a pretty shrub with very
narrow linear leaves, which have their margins slightly
turned or rolled over in a way that botanists term
revolute. The leaf edges are entire (not cut) and the
leaves are cottony-white on the undersides. On the
uppersides they are of a dull, dark green. They are
set close in to the leaf stem, that is, are nearly sessile.
Delicacy is the word to express the effect of this shrub,
and its fine leaves certainly make it a thing of exquisite
beauty.

If you follow the branch of Walk that splits off
to the east, you will find just off to the east of the little
cut-leaved beech (easily known by its cut leaves) two
small English oaks. These are especially interesting,
as they came from Sachsenwald, the estate of the late
Prince Bismarck. Off to the east of these are two
low bushes; the northerly is a small sapling of the
laurel-leaved willow, with glossy, shining leaves; the
southerly of the two is another rosemary-leaved willow.

154

South of this willow is another of the same kind, and
south of it a pretty Japan maple, with star - like
leaves.

Continuing along this Walk, at the steps and about
them, are several interesting things. Off to the left,
near the first step, is European white birch, and at the
right of the step is English yew, a low bush here, with
flat, linear leaves, pointed and two-ranked. To the
east of this is Siberian red osier, with crimson branches
in winter. South of the osier is umbel-flowered oleaster,
with yellowish-brown branchlets covered generally with
a silvery scurf, and leaves elliptic or oblong ovate in
shape, crisped about the margins and silvery-white on
the undersides, often marked with a few brown scales.
This pretty Japan shrub blooms in May or June with
fragrant, umbel-clustered, yellowish-white flowers in
the axils of the leaves, and these are succeeded in the
fall by dense clusters of, beautiful amber-red berries
speckled all over with silvery spots. These berries
make a beautiful show at that time.

By the second step are some masses of the dark
crimson-flowered Weigela (var. Lavallei) and are very
handsome in June. Near them the purple-leaved Eu-
ropean birch flashes its leaves so darkly purple that
they appear almost black. They are striking indeed,
burning the light from their glossy leaves and in strong
contrast with the vivid white of the tree’s bark. Off
to the east of this birch is a purple-leaved European
hazel, a low-spreading bush, with dark crimson-purple,
almost bronze, leaves. The leaves are roundish, heart-
shaped, and broadish at the ends, just before they come

155

to a point. Note how much broader these leaves are
at the ends than those of our native hazel.

Passing on, we meet black cherry on the left of the
Walk, easily known by its scaly bark, and opposite to
it, on the right of the Walk, some fine masses of the
Japan snowball. Beyond, on the left, is a fair specimen
of the Nordmann’s silver fir, an evergreen with long,
linear, flat leaves which are notched at the tip and
marked on the undersides by silvery lines. The tree
is rather conical in form, with horizontal branches. Its
foliage is a deep dark green, and through it you catch,
where the light touches the undersides of the leaves,
the beautiful glint of silver that is just enough to set
your eyes dancing. ,

At the junction of the Walk beyond, with the Walk
that borders Conservatory Lake, you will find Tarus
cuspidata, with leaves like the English yew’s, but tipped
with stronger points. Opposite the cuspidata is sugar
maple. Following the Walk around the easterly border
of Conservatory Lake, to its next fork, we will follow
the east branch of this junction. But before we do so,
let us look at some things about the Lily Pond. At its
southerly end wave several clumps of the beautiful
plume-grass, Erianthus Ravenne. Close by the margin
of the Pond, you will find the pretty Japan bamboo,
Bambusa Metake, growing in two waving clumps, one
a little beyond the plume-grass, the other near the most
easterly end of the Pond. East and a trifle soutft of
this clump is the variegated Japan plume-grass. If you
have a permit to explore this district, near the Fifth
Avenue Wall and about due east of the Japan plume-

156

grass you will find Chinese cork tree with long ailan-
thus-like leaves and another one south of this, about
in line with the southerly end of the Lily Pond. If you
find this cork tree, near it, to the southwest, is sour-
wood, with leaves like those of the peach tree and long
fingers of white bloom in the summer. To the south-
west of the sourwood are several handsome specimens
of the panicled hydrangea.

At the extreme northerly end of the Lily Pond, you
will find golden willow, in summer a drifting cloud of
silvery gray-green, in winter a lovely mist of brassy-
yellow twigs and branches. A little off to the east of the
golden willow, low down, about two feet high, the
handsome Californian rose mallow blows out its beau-
tiful, large white flowers, with pink centers, to the
blaze of an August sun. How lovely and cool they
look, nestling here by the sleepy Pond! East of the
mallow, almost in line with each other, north and south,
are Siberian red osier, rhodotypos, pin oak and willow
oak. All of these you have met before, except the
willow oak. This is easy to identify, for its leaves are
indeed very much like those of a willow—linear-lance-
olate, of a smooth, clear green, and narrowed at base
and tip. They are entire or almost entire. You cannot
mistake the tree, for at first glance you are sure to see
its willow-like look. There is another of these oaks
about due north of this one, and northeast of the
second, near the Fifth Avenue Wall, you will find the
handsome Siebold’s viburnum, grown to the height of a
small tree. This handsome shrub is a Japan product and
is certainly a worthy importation, In May or June it

‘94 ON VE dey
(Soyoyd snr1onG) AVO AOTIA,

i

157

lifts over its dark-green, shining, oval leaves its con-
spicuous panicles of bloom. These panicles are very
showy, and, with their several tiers, make you think of
acandelabrum. They are, in this respect, different from
any other viburnum’s flowers in the Park. These hand-
some blossoms are individually a combination of the
wheel-shaped (rotate) and bell-shaped (campanulate)
types of flowers. They change, later, to pinkish, oblong
berries which, as they ripen, become blue-black. The
shrub’s leaves are very handsome, large and richly
dark green. About west of this viburnum, close by
the Walk, is long-stemmed English elm, and across the
Walk from this tree, to the southwest, up the rise of
the slope here, is cut-leaved European beech. Con-
tinuing along the Walk, northerly, near the place
where it goes under the Drive, through an Arch, it
branches off to the northeast (your right) past some
European beeches and red maples, to the Seventy-ninth
Street Gate. Near this Gate you pass, just beyond the
lamp-post on your left, common horsechestnut, on your
right catalpa, buckthorn and sycamore maple. The
buckthorn has leaves that remind you of the dogwood.

If you had not branched off to the right from the
Arch, but had gone through it, northerly, you would
have passed, on your right, sycamore maple (about
opposite a red maple), then close together, one after
the other, on your right, buckthorn, wild red osier (with
crimson branches streaked with crinkly lines in winter),
American hornbeam, with birch-like leaves, muscular,
ridgy bark veined beautifully by silver streaks, and
then buckthorn again. Diagonally across the Walk

158

from this buckthorn, is a black cherry, with rough, scaly
bark. Continuing on the right of the Walk, are two
sycamore maples, close together, with another of the
same kind further to the north of them. Beyond the
tree is a red maple, with very handsome, light-gray
bark and leaves three to five-lobed. Directly opposite
this red maple, across the Walk, is Japan quince, rich
in thorns, and off to one side of the quince is panicled
dogwood. Note the whitish undersides of the leaves.
Just beyond these the Walk branches, with an arm to
the west. Close by the first steps here is red maple,
by the second steps, sycamore maple and American
elm opposite each other, with a mass of ninebark, at
the right of the steps, beyond them. The leaves of
this shrub are three-lobed. A little beyond, on the
right, near a sycamore maple, is a young swamp white
oak, and quite near the Drive, on your left, American
hornbeam.

Come back now to the Boat House. Close by it, to
the north, you will find several good specimens of the
black willow, with the undersides of their leaves green,
differing in this respect from the vitellina, which you
met before at the beginning of this ramble near the
Lily Pond. In the loops of ground at the Boat House,
are varnish tree and fringe tree, in the northerly loop.
The varnish tree has compound leaves, the fringe tree,
simple. In the southerly loop are two European bird
cherries. In the border bed, at the south of the Boat
House, are double-flowering crab apple, and then two
yellowwoods. These are side by side. The yellow-
woods have smooth light-gray bark, like the bark of

YELLowwoop (In bloom) (Cladrastis tinctoria)
Map 5s. No. 58.

159

the beech tree, but you can distinguish them from the
beech by their compound leaves. The leaflets are oval
and are from seven to eleven in number. These trees
belong to the great pulse family, blooming in June, in
long drooping panicles of fragrant white flowers.
About opposite the northerly one of these yellowwoods,
on the west of the Walk, back a little, about midway
toward the Drive, you will find green or mountain
alder, with oval or ovate leaves, rounded at the base
and pale green on the undersides.

Turn off from the Walk here and pass down the
steps through the Arch beneath the Drive, follow this
branch of Walk around to the right, and proceed along
the border of the Drive, with it, southerly. You pass
some lordly old cottonwoods, clumped together. Be-
yond the cottonwoods, fairly well back on the slope
of the greensward, stands the interesting laurel or
shingle oak. Its leaves are lanceolate-oblong, of a
smooth dark green, and resemble the leaves of laurel.
They are generally entire (not cut), and end in an
abrupt point. On the undersides they are somewhat
downy.

A lamp-post stands by the Drive Crossing, a little
further along the Walk here, and off to the east of
it, well back on the lawn, are black cherry (with
rough scaly bark), and two willow oaks east of it.
The oaks you know at once by their willow-like leaves.
They are small trees, about eighteen or twenty feet high
now, and are remarkably healthy in every respect.
The leaves are certainly anything but oak-like in ap-
pearance. The willow oak belongs to the sub-group of

160

oaks which botanists have designated as the thick-
leaved oaks, which are almost evergreen in the South,
but are, of course, deciduous at the North. This group
includes the water oak, the barren oak, the shingle oak,
the upland willow oak (Quercus cinerea) and the
willow oak (Quercus phellos). Of this group the only
representatives we have in Central Park are the shingle
oak and the willow oak, both of which are in this
vicinity as has been stated.

At this lamp by the Drive, we cross to go to the Ter-
race where we will find many very beautiful things,
and which we will take up, in detail, in the next ramble.

eS wae 2

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‘99 24

Explanations, Map No. 6

Common NAME

. American Arbor Vite.

2. Chinese Wistaria.

. Pinxter Flower, Wild

Honeysuckle, Pink
Azalea.

. Caucasian Azalea.
. Japan Judas Tree.
. Early-flowering Jessa-

mine.

. Rhododendrons.

. Staggerbush.

. Red Oak.

. American Beech.

. Black Cherry.

. Japan Plume Grass.

. Plume-leaved Japan Arbor

Vite.

. Thornless Rose.
. Japan Zebra Grass.

. Althza or Rose of Sharon.

Jacqueminot Rose.

. Japan Aucuba.

. Purple Magnolia.

. Japan Quince.

. Rhododendron. (Ever-

estianum.)

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.
. Keelreuteria or Varnish

Tree.

Botanical NAME

Thuya Occidentalis.
Wistaria Chinensis,
Azalea nudiflora,

Azalea Pontica,
Cercts Japonica.
Jasminum nudiflorum.

Andromeda mariana,

Quercus rubra.

Fagus jerruginea,

Prunus serotina,

Eulalia Japonica, var. gracil-
lima univitiata,

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa.

Rosa Boursalti,

Eulalia Japonica, var. ze-
brina.

Hibiscus Syriacus.

Rosa hybrida, var. Gen.
Jacqueminot.

Aucuba Japonica.

Magnolia purpurea,

Cydonia Japonica,

Rhododendron, var. Everestian-
um.

Lonicera fragrantissima.

Kelreuteria paniculata,

166

Coumon NAME

. Paulownia.
. Thunberg’s Barberry.
. Russell’s Cottage Rose.

. Swamp Magnolia. Sweet

Bay.

. Stuartia.
. White Pine.
. Mount Atlas or African

Cedar, Silver Cedar.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. Umbrella Tree.

. Cucumber Tree.

. Great-leaved Magnolia.

. European or Tree Alder.
. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. Weigela (Light pink

flowers).

. Rhodotypos.

. Sassafras,

. Pin Oak.

. Scarlet Oak.

. Black Cherry.

. Swamp White Oak.
. Buttonbush.

. Weeping Willow.

. Spicebush.

. Alternate-leaved

Dog-
wood,

. English Hawthorn (Pink

single flowers).

. Japan Arbor Vite (Pea-

fruiting).

. Irish Yew.
. Adam’s Needle.
. Cut-leaved

European
Beech.

BotTaNnicaL NAME

Paulownia imperialis,

Berberis Thunbergit.

Rosa hybrida, var. Russell's
Cottage.

Magnolia glauca,

Stuartia pentagyna.
Pinus strobus.
Cedrus Atlantica.

Catalpa bignonioides.

Magnolia umbrella.
Magnolia acuminata.
Magnolia macrophylla.
Alnus glutinosa.
Populus monilifera.

Diervilla rosea.

Rhodotypos kerrioides.
Sassafras officinale,
Quercus palustris.
Quercus coccinea, ~
Prunus serotina,

Quercus bicolor.
Cephalanthus Occidentalts,
Salix Babylonica.

Benzoin benzoin.

Cornus alternifolia.

Crategus oxyacantha.

Chamecyparis (or Retinospora)
pisifera.

Taxas baccata, var. fastigiata.

Yucca filamentosa,

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata.

167

Common Name

. Bhotan Pine.

. Swiss Stone Pine.

. Tree Box or Boxwood.

. Cephalotaxus.

. Scarlet Oak.

. Scaled Juniper.

. Holly-leaved Barberry,
Oregon Barberry, Ash-
berry.

. Garden Hydrangea.

. Cockspur Thorn.

. Variegated Weigela.

. Thunberg’s Barberry.

. Siebold’s Barberry.

. Ramanas Rose (White
and magenta flowers).

. Persian Lilac.

(Purple flowers).

. Common Snowball or
Guelder Rose.

. High Bush Cranberry.

. Carolina Allspice, Straw-
berry Shrub, Sweet-
Scented Shrub.

. Plume-leaved Japan Ar-
bor Vite.

Soulange’s Magnolia.

Rhododendrons. (Various
kinds. See text.)

English Yew.

European Holly.

Lovely Azalea.

Flaming Azalea.

77. Japan Holly.

78. Great Laurel, Rose Bay.

79. Virginia Willow.

7i.
72.

73:
74-
75:
76.

Botanical NAME

Pinus excelsa.

Pinus Cembra.

Buxus sempervirens.
Cephalataxus Fortunet.
Quercus coccinea.
Juniperus squamata.
Mahonia aqutfolia.

Hydrangea hortensis.

Crategus crus-galli,

Diervilla rosea, var. foliis vari-
egatis.

Berberis Thunbergii.

Berberis Sieboldi.

Rosa rugosa,

Syringa Persica.
Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis.
Viburnum opulis.

Calycanthus floridus.

Retino-
plu-

Chamecyparis (or
Spora) pistfera, var.
mosa.

Magnolia Soulangeana.

Taxus baccata.

Ilex aquifolium.

Azalea amena,

Azalea calendulacea (or lutea).
Ilex crenata.

Rhododendron maximum.

Itea Virginica,

168

Common Name Botanicat NAME
80. Austrian Pine. Pinus Austriaca,
81. Sugar Maple. Acer saccharinum.

82. Beach Plum. Prunus maritima.

VI.
THE TERRACE

The Terrace is stately. It is a fitting and impos-
ing introduction to the Mall. Its whole expression is
noble, dignified, large, with its broad stairways, its
open esplanade and its sweeps of greensward. Stand
here and look northward. The beautiful Bethesda
Fountain ripples a continuous sheen of falling silver,
playing with rainbows and blown at times into sprays
of flying diamonds by sudden gusts of wind. On either
side the velvet lawns lead the eyes away in a revel of
sunlit green, holding them here and there by the blaze
of color from some mass of bloom. From April to
the end of June this spot is a glory of richly mingled
hues, the flame of the azalea, the splendid outburst of
the rhododendron, the lovely hues of the rose, the en-
chanting festoons of the Wistaria, the tender and gentle
profusion of the hawthorn’s sweet flowers follow each
other in charming succession. It is a silent symphony
of color, and the eye roves over it with a joy as keen
as the ear delights in the swelling music of the
orchestra.

And beyond the glittering Fountain, across the danc-
ing waters of the Lake, you look into the restful
depths of the Ramble. The contrast between the
ornate and the simple is extreme, yet by no means
jarring. The gaze is led away and lost almost un-

170

consciously, from the suggestion of embrasure and em-
bankment, garden and terrace to open country and the
heart of nature. Beyond, the puffy trees roll the smoke
of the woods, and, as you gaze, you lose the pomp and
stateliness of all this surrounding architecture of wall
and staircase, and melt away into the serene reverie
that steals over the soul in the contemplation of the
face of Nature. And if this was the aim of the archi-
tect who planned this noble Terrace, how truly did he
succeed !

And now let us see some of the beautiful things
gathered here with so much taste and judgment. We
will begin our ramble at the easterly corner of the
Terrace and follow the Walk that enfolds the easterly
side of the Terrace, like an arm. The wall here has
five large “posts,” which will serve well for landmarks
in placing the things we pass. Close by the first post
(the one in the corner) is American arbor vite, with
flat leaf sprays, very aromatic when rubbed with the
fingers. By the second post is a sprawling mass of
Chinese Wistaria, and off a little to the northeast of
this is the beautiful Pinxter (or Pinkster) flower which
blooms before its leaves appear, whence the name mudi-
flora. This is in April, usually, and the flowers are
of a lovely rose color, in terminal umbels. The flower
stems and the funnel-form corollas are very hairy. The
leaves are alternate and crowded at the ends of the
branches ; are oblong in shape and acute at both ends.
Their margins are very beautiful, under the glass,
fringed with the most delicate tiny little hairs. Just
back of this Pinxter flower, to the southeast, is Cau-

17I

casian azalea, with fragrant yellow flowers. Close by
the third post of the wall, is Japan Judas tree, Cercis
Japonica, a low growth, with flowers a little larger
than those of the native Judas tree. These flowers are
purplish-red, and break out along the bare branches
in dense umbel-like clusters, before the leaves appear.
They are like pea-flowers, for the bush belongs to the
great pulse family. The leaves differ from C. Cana-
densis (the native Judas tree) in having a richer gloss,
sharper points and a more deeply cut, heart-shaped
base. Close beside the C. Japonica, almost at the foot
of the third post, is early-flowering Jessamine, with
noticeably angled branches of clear green. It has very
pretty leaves, easily distinguished by their being in
threes. Its flowers are like those of the Forsythia,
golden yellow, very early in spring. Almost due north
of the Pinxter flower, a little east of north, is Jacque-
minot rose, and north of this, Rose of Sharon. Off to
the westerly side of the Rose of Sharon is Japan plume
grass, and directly in line with these, to the west, in
one, two, three order, are Japan zebra grass, with
zebra-like bands of white and green across the leaves,
then Rosa Boursalti (a thornless rose), and Retinospora
plumosa, rising up close by the staircase that flanks
the easterly side of the Terrace. By the fourth post
of the wall is another sprawling mass of Chinese Wis-
taria, then Retinospora plumosa, and close by the fifth
and last post of the wall which is at the steps, you will
find Japan Aucuba, with spotted leaves, and the beauti-
ful Magnolia purpurea beside it. This magnolia is a

172

low bush, a dwarf, and bears deep dark crimson-purple
flowers in April.

Going down the steps here, at your right, is a fine
mass of the Japan hedgebindweed. About half way
around the curve of the path here as it swings westerly
toward the Esplanade and Bethesda Fountain, you will
find, on your left, a pretty cluster of the Russell’s Cot-
tage Rose. It blooms with beautiful clear magenta
flowers. Just before you came to this, you passed a
good-sized swamp magnolia, with leaves very whitish
(glauca) on the undersides. Following on, you will
find out upon the rise of lawn, at your right, two
shrubs quite close together. One of these, the easterly,
you have met many times before, on these rambles;
the westerly one you meet here for the first time. The
easterly is fly-honeysuckle, known by the cusp at the
tips of its leaves, and ragged, tattered branches. The
westerly shrub is Stuartia. It gets its name from John
Stuart, Earl of Bute, and is worthy of some attention,
as you will not find many of these in the Park. It
belongs to the Camellia or Tea family (Ternstremia-
ce@). Its leaves are oval, thick, pointed at the tip and
base, and set alternately on the branches. In July
its cream-white flowers, very much like the Camellia,
break out on solitary short pedicils (stems), nearly
sessile (stemless), from the axils of the leaves. These
flowers are fairly large, two, three to four inches wide,
and each has, generally, five petals very prettily crimped
about the edges. These flowers are succeeded by five-
angled pods which are ripe in autumn.

As the Walk comes out upon the Esplanade, at your

‘ZEON '9 deyy
(BINDS DIOUSDIY) VIIONOVY dNVMS “AVG Laas

173

right, is a splendid mass of the handsome Rhodotypos
with its glossy, deep purple berries in September, and
on your left, is Thunberg’s barberry, with its rich
brilliant crimson berries, gemming its dainty stems at
the same time of year. Take now the walk that breaks
off to the east from the Esplanade, to the Boat House.
Just beyond the Rhodotypos you will find beach plum.
This, in April or May covers its bare branches with
white clusters of flowers in side umbels. After it
flowers, the leaves appear, downy, pale green on the
undersides, but shining on the uppersides. They are
set alternately, are ovate, about three inches long, and
sharply serrate. The fruit is a round purple berry
powdered over with a bloom, and is ripe in September.
As you proceed toward the Boat House you pass, on
your right, near the Walk, cucumber tree of the mag-
nolia family, with thin leaves from five to ten inches
long which are generally pointed at both ends. Off to
the southeast of this tree, well out upon the lawn, is a
good-sized evergreen with noticeably vase-like form of
growth to its branches. For some reason it is not
doing over well, but it is a fair specimen of the Mount
Atlas Cedar. Its leaves are crowded together in rosette-
like clusters along the branches, and the leaves them-
selves are about an inch long, round, stiffish and sharp
pointed. They are of a glaucous-green hue which
gives a beautiful silvery effect to the otherwise dark-
green foliage. Indeed this tree is considered by bot-
anists but a silvery variety of the Cedar of Lebanon,
a good specimen of which will be found on Section
No. 10 of this book. A little beyond, but on your left

174

now, you pass two very good specimens of the great-
leaved magnolia. You can tell them at once by their
very large (often three feet long) leaves, crowded close
at the ends of the branches. In shape they are ob-
long, and narrow gradually down from a broad upper
part to a cordate base. They are of a bright clear
green, but whitish on the undersides. The flowers of
these trees are large also—about a foot wide, cream-
white except for a purplish cast at the base. They
are very fragrant. A little to the northeast of these
is another magnolia. This is umbrella tree, which you
met with before, on Section No. 3 near the Arsenal.
Note the umbrella-way its leaves hang at the ends of
its branches. Due north of this tree, close by the
Lake, is Virginia willow. It is an interesting shrub,
with white flowers in May or June, in close terminal
racemes that put you in mind of the sweet pepper
bush. The individual flowers have five petals, five
stamens, and a five-lobed calyx. Its leaves are simple
and alternate, acute at the tip, wedge-shaped at the
base. The fruit is a two-celled pod. It belongs tu
the Saxifrage family, and gets its name from the Greek
word for willow, from the resemblance of its leaves to
those of the willow. <A tree alder stands a little west
of this, overhanging the Lake and easily known by its
“cones” and leaves somewhat cut-in at the top. West
of the alder is cottonwood. Should you continue to-
ward the Boat House, at the junction of the Walk
beyond, there are two good specimens of American
beech with a black cherry opposite them.

Let us now consider the westerly side of the Ter-

GREAT-LEAVED Macnoita (JMagnolia macrophylla)

Map 6. No. 34.

175

race, beginning at the Esplanade, northwesterly corner,
by the Walk that leads to Bow Bridge. Two lovely
little English hawthorns with dainty pink single flowers
burst out into bloom here, in May days, and near
them you will find alternate-leaved dogwood. Some
cockspur-thorns lean out to you in the point between
the Walks here. You know them by their thorns and
wedge-shaped leaves. Back of the southerly cockspur,
hidden away in the masses of shrubbery here, is a
lusty specimen of Eleagnus longipes. It has reddish-
brown branches, ovate leaves. Its flowers are yel-
lowish-white from the axils of the leaves, and the
fruits are bright scarlet berries on long stems. The
berries, when young, are covered with brown scales,
and are ripe in June or July. The shrub is an im-
portation from China and Japan. You will not see
this unless you push aside the bushes here and look
in behind them, for it is pretty well hidden behind
the Thunberg’s barberry. You will know it by its
leaves, which are very silvery on the undersides. The
barberry here is a splendid mass, and a handsome
display in September when its bright coral berries
sparkle all through its fine leaves with the gem-
like beauty of jewels. At the extreme end of the
mass of the Thunberg is Siebold’s barberry from
Manchuria and the north of China, with more droop-
ing racemes of flowers and oblong berries. Con-
tinuing along the Walk, diagonally across on your
left, are three shrubs, close together. The first is
Persian lilac, with purple flowers; the second, high
bush cranberry with flat broat cymes of white flowers

176

in May, and brilliant, translucent red berries in Sep-
tember; the third, common snowball or Guelder Rose.

Close by the steps, beyond, is garden hydrangea,
with large glossy oval leaves of light green, and large
heads of flowers in June. The hydrangea gets its
name from two Greek words meaning water, vase, and
these refer to the shape of its fruit-pod. Beside the
hydrangea you will see two clumps of the pretty
holly-leaved barberry. You recognize it at once by
its spiny leaves. It gets its botanical name from
Bernard McMahon. In early spring its flowers ap-
pear in close, erect clusters of yellow racemes, and
these are succeeded by blue-black berries which are
covered with a glaucous bloom (powder). Surely,
the holly-like leaves are very beautiful. Let us as-
cend the little run of steps here and follow the wall
around the westerly arm of the Terrace. This wall,
like its easterly companion, has five “posts” which
will serve us very nicely in locating our botanical pets
here. By the first post is Retinospora plumosa, whose
fine feathery leaves you have learned to know, on sight,
now, and south of it, about midway between the first
and second post, is Magnolia Soulangeana, with hand-
some cream-white flowers, softly flushed with pinkish
purple on the outside, deepening at the base of the
corolla. By the second post is English yew. Then
a mass of hybrid rhododendrons flank off to south-
east of this. These rhododendrons are mostly of the
rosy-lilac variety, Everestianum. But the whole bed
here, all along the front of the wall, (and on the east
side of the Terrace as well) is planted with

177

many varieties of hybrid rhododendrons. Among
them are Blandyanum (rosy-crimson flowers), John
Waterer (dark crimson), Album Elegans (blush chang-
ing to white), Album Grandiflorum (blush), Caracta-
cus (rich purplish crimson), Minnie (blush white with
spots of chocolate in the throat), H. H. Hunnewell
(rich dark crimson), Charles Bagley (cherry red),
Charles Dickens (dark scarlet), Mrs, Milner (rich
crimson) and H. W. Sargent (crimson).

By the third post you will see a tall, handsome mass
of European holly, with its dark green, glossy leaves
fairly blazing with white light in the fall sunshine, stiff
and set so bravely with spines. We all love it! How
beautifully crimped and curled are its leaves! Note,
too, the whitish translucent margins of the leaves. Be-
side the gloss, the luster and fire of these leaves, the
leaves of our native holly are dull and dead. There is
another mass of this close by the fourth post. Near
this mass are handsome plantings of the Azalea amena,
beautiful in April, with its lovely magenta-colored flow-
ers. Beside these is Azalea calendulacea, with burning,
fire-red, yellowish flowers, well named, the flaming
azalea. In between the fourth and the fifth posts you
will find English yew (close by the fourth post), and
a little off to northeast of it Japan holly. This has very
small, oval leaves, and at first glance you might think
it box. But look at its small leaves closely and you will
see the small tell-tale spines of the holly. Beside this,
off to its northeast, is Rhododendron maximum, and
then two more clumps of Japan holly. North of these
is a pretty mass of the holly-leaved barberry, with its

178

pinnate, spiny leaves. Directly east of the holly-leaved
barberry, close by the steps, is a young Paulownia. This
brings us to the completion of our circuit around the
Terrace. Bue before leaving, let me call to your atten-
tion the handsome Swiss stone pine, on the high ground
that overlooks the west arm of the Terrace. It is a
conical tree, with dense, close foliage, that has an almost
furry look. Should you get near enough to it to ex-
amine its leaves, you will find that they are five in a
cluster, and that each leaf is distinctly triangular, with
a glaucous bloom on the sides. Back of this fine tree,
about half way between it and the lamp by the Walk
that leads over to the Concourse by the Lake, are two
sturdy Bhotan pines (leaves in fives, but very long, ten
inches or more). North of these, just where the high
ground begins to sink in a hollow, are two specimens of
Retinospora pisifera, with flat, gridiron leaf-sprays.

Where the Walk to the Concourse springs away
from the West Terrace Walk, near the steps, you will
find another Swiss stone pine. Opposite it is a goodly
scarlet oak, with bristle-tipped leaves. Close by the
Swiss stone pine, in a low creeping mass, like thick
moss, stealing here and there over the rocks, in lovely
abandon, is the beautiful scaled juniper, of a light
clear green. Its leaves are in threes, fine and silvery,
and hug close in to the stems, in a thick, dense mass
which gives the matted effect of moss. It is certainly
beautiful—a lovely tapestry for rocks. By the lamp,
on this Walk, you will find a broad-boughed, handsome
cut-leaved European beech.

GSIONYISTY

J IG@WVe SAL
LoN

Na

Explanations, Map No. 7

Common Name.

. Pignut Hickory.
. Mockernut or Whiteheart

Hickory.

. Shagbark Hickory.
. Dwarf or Large-racemed

Horsechestnut.

. Black Cherry.

. American Beech.

. Sweet Gum or Bilsted.
. Pin Oak.

. Bhotan Pine.

. Douglas Spruce.

. Scotch Pine.

. Colorado Blue Spruce.
. White Pine.

. White Oak.

. Scarlet Oak.

. Black Oak.

. Soulange’s Magnolia.

. Witch Hazel.

. Sassafras.

. French Tamarisk.

. Witch Hazel.

. Pin Oak.

. Post Oak.

. Japan Cedar.

. Ailanthus or Tree of

Heaven.

. Bird Cherry, Mazzard

Cherry.

. Chinese White Magnolia

or Yulan.

. Catesby’s Andromeda

mixed in with “ Lovely
Azalea.”’

. Rhododendrons, mostly

“Everestianum.”

BotanicaL NAME.

Carya porcina.
Carya tomentosa.

Carya alba.
4¢sculus macrostachya.

Prunus serotina.

Fagus ferruginea.

Liquidambar styracifiua.

Quercus palustris.

Pinus excelsa.

Pseudotsuga Douglasti.

Pinus sylvestris.

Picea pungens.

Pinus strobus.

Quercus alba.

Quercus coccinea.

Quercus coccinea, var. tinc-
toria.

Magnolia Soulongeana.

Hamamelis Virginiana.

Sassafras officinale,

Tamarix Gallica.

Hamamelis Virginiana.

Quercus palustris.

Quercus stellata.

Cryptomeria Japonica.

Ailanthus glandulosus.

Prunus avium.
Magnolia conspicua.

Andromeda Catesbei and Aza-
lea amena.

58.

. Rhododendrons,
. Wild Red Osier,

184

Common NAME

. Pin Oak.

. Weeping Willow.

. English Hawthorn.

. English Yew.

. Cockspur Thorn.

. European Bird Cherry.
. American Chestnut. ,

. Flowering Dogwood.
. Plume-leaved Japan Ar-

bor Vitz or Retinospora.

. Scarlet-fruited Thorn,

White Thorn.

. American Holly.
. Common Swamp Blue-

berry, High-bush Blue-
berry.

. Shrub Yellowroot.
. Fortune’s Cephalotaxus.
. Arrowwood.

. White

Swamp Honey-
suckle, White Azalea,
Clammy Azalea.
mostly
“‘Everestianum.”’

Red

Osier Dogwood.

. Persimmon.

. Red Maple.

. Staghorn Sumac.

. Mountain Laurel.

. Shadbush, June Berry or

Service Berry.

. Sweet Bay or Swamp

Magnolia.

. Japan Spindle Tree.
. Spicebush.
. Hackberry,

Sugarberry,
Nettle Tree. : .

. Sassafras, with Climbing

Hydrangea growing on
it

Indian Bean Tree or
Southern Catalpa.

BotaNnicaL NAME

Quercus palustris.

Salix Babylonica.

Crategus oxyacantha,

Taxus baccata.

Crategus crus-galli.

Prunus padus.

Castanea sativa, var. Ameri-
cana.

Cornus florida.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pistifera, var. plum-
osa.

Crategus coccinea.

Ilex opaca.
Vaccinium corymbosum.

Xanthorrhiza apitfolia.
Cephalotaxus Fortunii.
Viburnum dentatum.
Azalea viscosa.

Cornus stolonifera.

Diospyros Virginiana.
Acer rubrum,

Rhus typhina.

Kalmia lattfolia.
Amelanchies Canadensis.

Magnolia glauca.
Euonymus Japonicus.
Benzoin benzoin.
Celtis Occidentalis.

Sassafras officinale, with Schisz-
ophragma hydrangeoides.

Catalpa bignonioides.

185

Common NAME

. Kentucky Coffee Tree.

. White Pine.

. Cucumber Tree.

. American White Ash.

. Sweetbrier.

. Hemlock.

. Mountain Maple.

. Tartarian Maple, variety

Ginnala.

. Corylopsis.
. Umbrella Tree.

. Silverbell Tree.

. Persian Lilac.

. American Arbor Vite.

. Snowberry or Waxberry.

. Paulownia.

. Paper or Canoe Birch.

. Yellow Birch.

. Weeping European Beech.
. Common Lilac (Purple

flowers).

. Japan Pagoda Tree.

. Siberian Pea Tree.

. Great-leaved Magnolia.

. Sweet Bay or Swamp Mag-

nolia.

. Western Yellow Pine.

. European Larch.

. European Linden.

. Bladder Senna.

. Silver or White Maple.

. Osage Orange.

. Flowering Dogwood.

. Lovely Azalea.

. Mockernut or Whiteheart

Hickory.

. Black Cherry.
. Cherry Birch, Sweet,

Birch, Black Birch.

. Tulip Tree.

. Fragrant Honeyuckle.

. Red Oak.

. Missouri Currant, Golden

or Buffalo Currant.

Botanical NamME

Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Pinus strobus.

Magnolia acuminata.
Fraxinus Americana.

Rosa rubiginosa.

Tsuga Canadensis.

Acer spicatum.

Acer Tartaricum, var. Ginnala.

Corylopsis spicata,

Magnolia umbrella (or tripe-
tala).

Halesia tetraptera.

Syringa Persica,

Thuya Occidentalis.

ih tiie Seo racemosus,

Paulownia imperialis.

Betula papyrifera.

Betula lutea.

Fagus sylvatica, var, pendula,

Syringa vulgaris.

Sophora Japonica.
Caragana arborescens.
Magnolia macrophylla.
Magnolia glauca..

Pinus ponderosa.
Larix Europea.
Tilia Europea.
Colutea arborescens.
Acer dasycarpum.
Maclura aurantiaca,
Cornus florida.
Azalea amena.
Carya tomentosa.

Prunus serotina.
Betula lenta.

Lirtodendron tulipijera,
Lonicera fragrantissima,
Quercus rubra.

Ribes aureum.

97-
98.
99-
100.

Tol.

102.
103.
104.
105.

106.

107.
108.

109g.
IIo.

186

Common NAME

Purple-flowering Rasp-
berry.

Slippery Elm.

Austrian Pine.

Catesby’s Andromeda.

Globe Flower, Japan
Rose or Kerria (varie-
gated leaves).

Mock Orange or Sweet
Syringa.

European White Birch.

Washington Thorn.

Bush Deutzia (Variety
‘Pride of Rochester’’).

Pink or Purple Azalea,
Pinxter Flower, Wild
Honeysuckle.

Dockmackie or Maple-
leaved Arrowwood.

Swamp Hickory, Bitter-
nut.

Common Lilac.

Pin Oak.

Botanical NAME
Rubus odoratus.

Ulmus jfulva.
Pinus Austriaca.
Andromeda (or
Catesbet.
Kerria Japonica, var, foliis
vartegatts.

Leucothoé)

Philadelphus coronarius.

Betula alba,

Crategus cordata.

Deutzia crenata, var. Pride of
Rochester.

Azalea nudiflora.

Viburnum acerifolium,

Carya amara.

Syringa vulgaris.
Quercus palustris.

VII.
THE RAMBLE

The Ramble! How altogether lovable it is! There
is always some spot in every park that is invested with
a peculiar charm. Some subtilty of seclusion and beauty
which draws the nature lover to its haunts. Its very
air is full of contentment and peace and rest from the
whirlpool of life that is seething in the great city be-
yond. Such a spot surely is the Ramble. Its quiet
nooks, its easy paths wandering, seemingly without
thought, beside the still waters of the Lake or some
sleeping pool over which the grasses and reeds bend
to see their images; these beguile the very spirit from
you and set free the swift, aspiring thoughts in new
flights like the rush of birds skyward.

Come here in the spring, when the smell of earth
mold rises with a fragrance that cannot be described ;
when the dazzling April sun sends a glisten of silver
over the fallen leaves or touches crisp, dry branches of
the leafless trees with a flame of crystal fire; or when
the drowsy summer stirs with gentle breezes that sift in
from the Lake, softly touching all the leaves to whis-
pering music; when birds shoot through the green like
bolts of light, when the cicada startles the serene silence
with his rattle. But, I think, this spot is loveliest,
perhaps, on one of the soft, hazy, Indian-summer days

188

of the autumn, when the trees are rustling their rich-
est robes of crimson and gold, when the air, almost
silent, trembles with the subdued hum of insects and
the mellow haze of faint, gray purple mists wreathe
the trees and lake with the witchery of their mystery.
Come here then and let the loveliness of the place move
through you as the mists move through the trees, still-
ing you with the serene communion with dreaming
Nature that is indeed beyond the power of words to
tell. The soft, golden sunshine falls upon you with a
gentle warmth, as if caressing you, the trees rustle,
the crimson and yellow leaves float gently down about
you like the quiet thoughts of an idle reverie. All is
hushed, subdued, mellowed. No harsh note comes to
you. The very voices of the passers-by are softened,
as if the scene possessed some subtle power of enchant-
ment to enforce silence. If you have aught of artist
or poet in you, and every one has or should have, come
to this lovely spot when autumn is hanging about it its
dream veils and do thou sit here and dream too. Let
the city with its cares float away in its enfolding mists
while you sit here amid the falling leaves, the warm,
golden sunshine and the subdued colors of an autumn
day and live!

In this maze of winding paths, crossing and recross-
ing as they do, it is quite impossible to follow out
clearly any single line of rambling. Confusion would
most certainly result from any such attempt. So I have
pursued in the treatment of this chapter the plan of plot-
ting, at easily distinguishable points on the map, such as
crossings, intersections and other determinable points,

ca, var. pendula)

Map 7. No. 76.

s sylvati

European WeEeEpinG Brecu (Fagu

‘189

the various important kinds of trees and shrubs in this
section. Of these, such as have been met with before in
other rambles are not here described, only the new
varieties, and these are:

Acer Spicatum. (Mountain Maple. No. 65.) Near
the handsome shrub, Corylopsis, in the northeasterly
part of the Ramble, a little off from the Walk, and in
behind some other shrubs, you will find this rather
small sample of the maple which flings its glory over
country roads. You will have no difficulty in finding
it if you take the path which runs almost northerly from
the junction near the Corylopsis. It lies a few feet to
the right of the Walk, as you face north, about half a
dozen paces from the junction, and nestles very shyly
in behind the clumps here, as if longing for the retired
haunts of wood or glen or shaded roadside.

The mountain maple is easily identified by its leaves.
These are divided into three tapering lobes above the
middle of the leaf, the central lobe usually extending
out further than the side lobes. Sometimes the leaves
are five-lobed, having two small ones at the base. The
bases are heart-shaped (cordate) and the leaves, coarse-
ly serrated, are downy on the undersides. These soft,
beautiful leaves swing out on very long stems (petioles)
which are swollen at the base. In June you can look for
this tree’s flowers, greenish-yellow, in delicate spikes or
panicles, five or six inches long, which stand up conspic-
uously amid the beautiful flowers. These erect or
slightly nodding panicles look almost fuzzy at a little
distance away, but when you get the hand glass on them
you can see that they are made up of clusters of the

190

most delicate little flowers with five-petalled corollas.
These flowers change into hanging clusters of two-
winged seeds which are bright red a month later. But
this lovely brilliant red cools off in autumn to a dull
brown. These winged seeds or “keys” of the Acer
spicatum are the smallest fruits of the American maples.
The tree gets its name spicatum from its inflorescence,
erect panicles or spikes of bloom.

Acer Tartaricum, var. Ginnala. (Tartarian Maple,
variety Ginnala. No. 66.) Near the Corylopsis, about
southeast of it, some dozen feet, you will find this pretty
maple, the Ginnala variety of the Tartarian maple. It
is not very high, about five feet, and is rather a shrub
now. You can pick it out by its three-lobed leaves, the
middle one longer. Their margins are doubly serrated.
Its flowers are fragrant and yellow and appear in rather
long-stemmed panicles which are very beautiful. This
handsome little maple is an importation from China and
Japan. In the autumn its leaves turn a brilliant scarlet.

Zisculus macrostachya. (Dwarf or Long-racemed
Horsechestnut. No. 4.) If you take the path which
leads off northerly from Bow Bridge, you will find, on
your right, near the first fork of the Walk, a handsome
cluster of these dwarf horsechestnuts. They can be
known easily by their low growths, level, shelf-like
habit of foliage, and by their palmate leaves. These
shrubs get the botanical name macrostachya from two
Greek words, macros, long, and stachus, spike ; in refer-
ence to their flowers, which shoot up in long, conspic-
ious spikes of white bloom. These fairly cover the
shrubs with their tapering cones of florescence in July.

IQI

But you can know the shrub when not in flower by its
easily distinguishable dwarf form and its handsome,
beautifully smooth palmately compound leaves, made
up of five to seven leaflets. These leaflets are oval-
oblong in shape, very smooth on the uppersides, but
hairy on the underside. They are set close to the leaf
stem, that is, botanically, are nearly sessile. This dwarf
horsechestnut is certainly a beautiful shrub for massing
effects, and its midsummer bloom, fairly bursting with
its horns of snow, makes it a lovely pathside joy to the
city park rambler, jaded from the dust and glare of city
streets. :
Andromeda (or Leucothoé) Catesbei. (Catesby’s
Andromeda. -No. 28.) Inthe early days of spring, the
frost white, tiny, little urn-shaped flowers of the An-
dromeda are among the loveliest sights of the season.
Down by the Terrace we found the staggerbush (An-
dromeda Mariana), here in the Ramble we have fine
masses of Catesby’s Andromeda, differing from the
Mariana in having more pointed leaves. Catesby’s An-
dromeda is a low-growing, spreading evergreen shrub
.with thick, leathery leaves, taper pointed, and swinging
on short stems. The leaves have almost the dark gloss
of laurel on the uppersides, but on the undersides are of
a pale, dull, lifeless green, in strong contrast with the
lustrous and vigorous hue of the uppersides. The leaves
are ovate-lanceolate in shape, roundish at the base, but
tapering down to a point at the tips. They are sharply
serrulate, and are on leaf-stems (petioles) of about half
an inch long. When young these leaf-stems have quite a
reddish cast over their green. The flowers of the shrub

192

are very beautiful, breaking out in April in dense, ra-
cemed clusters from the axils of the leaves. The indi-
vidual flowers are urn-shaped, frost or wax white, with
a five-toothed corolla and ten tiny little stamens with
golden heads. There is a daintiness, a fineness, about
the little flowers which goes right to the heart. The
little dense clusters make you think of lilies of the
valley.

You will find one good sized mass of this shrub very
near the lamp-post which stands close by the rustic rail
of the path leading into the little Summer House, in the
middle of the southerly part of the Ramble. The mass
is just back of a magnificent clump of Azalea amena.
The Azalea is in the right hand corner, as-you go from
the Summer House to the path north of it. You
cannot mistake it.

Azalea viscosa. (White Swamp Honeysuckle. White
Azalea. Clammy Azalea. No. 45.) Close by the high-
bush blueberries, near the south-middle of the Ramble,
you will find this honeysuckle or azalea. It is a late
bloomer, and you can look for it the last of June or
early in July. Its flowers are very fragrant and of a
lovely pale pinkish white. Its corolla is funnel-form,
with five flaring lobes. You will know its flowers at
once by the sticky, clammy pubescence which covers
stem and tube. These flowers are in end clusters or
umbels. The branches of the shrub are very bristly
and hairy. The leaves are simple, about four inches
long, and set alternately on the branch, often crowded at
the ends of the branches. They are oblanceolate, entire,
with margins hairy and bristle tipped ends, pale green

193

on the uppersides, glaucous below and pubescent. The
fruit is a bristly capsule. The shrub belongs to the
heath family.

Betula lenta. (Cherry Birch. Sweet Birch. Black
Birch. No. 92.) Inthe northwesterly part of the Ram-
ble, on the westerly skirts of the open lawn that rolls its
velvety green to the south of the Reservoir, you will
find two of these handsome birches on either side of a
lordly tulip tree. If you take the path that bends to the
right (south) as you pass the Missouri currant and the
Siberian pea tree, you will come upon this noble com-
pany of three, just before you meet the next fork of the
Walk.

The sweet or cherry birch has a graceful trunk, lithe
as a young Indian, polished glossy brown, but rough-
ened by horizontal lines of dots that make you think of
phonographic records. Could we swing a horn upon
these and set them spinning, what harmonies of wind
and weather should we hear! What woodland secrets!
Music of brooks, whispers of rustling leaves, the song
and dance of light, and the clear, white shine of the
stars!

This birch gets its common name, “cherry birch,”
from the rather close resemblance of its bark to that of
the garden cherry (Prunus cerasus), and the name
“sweet birch” from its aromatic bark. This is the birch
that gives us that delicious brew, so refreshing to our
lips on summer days—the “birch beer” of the moun:
tains!

You can easily identify the tree by its bark and leaves.
Both are sweetly aromatic. The bark is mahogany

194

brown, lustrous, close-fitting, not peeling away in
shreds like other birches. It is noticeably marked with
horizontal lines of dots (lenticels). The leaves, usually
about three inches long, are soft and tender, ovate or
oblong-ovate, with heart-shaped bases and tapering
points. On the lower portions of the branches they are
two together, but near the ends occur alternately. They
are straight-veined, finely serrate, of a bright, shining
green on the uppersides, but paler beneath. Early in
the spring this tree flowers, and if you come upon it
then, all lace hung with its golden catkins, you will
surely have to stop and let your delighted eyes rove
over such exquisite beauty. These pendant golden
catkins contain the staminate or pollen-bearing flowers.
The fruit-bearing or pistillate catkins are erect and
rather inconspicuous. The fruit is about an inch long,
cylindrical, erect, with rounded ends and spreading,
resinous scales. On old trees the bark has somewhat
of a grayish cast and the lovely smoothness of the
younger trees is broken into scaly plates, loose at one
end, and scaling off in large sheets. I love to look
upon the lustrous bark of the young cherry birch.

Carya amara. (Swamp Hickory. Bitternut. No. ~

108.) As you go southerly from the Cryptomerias,
there is an extremely interesting tree that stands at the
bend of the path where it turns to the east at the first
fork, south of the Cryptomerias. The tree is a hickory
and a very interesting one, for, so far as I know, it is
the only one of its kind in the Park. That you may find
it without fail, the path, as it bends easterly, passes over
an arm of the pool.

195

The tree is a small one, with compound leaves which
are set on the branches alternately. The leaflets are op-
posite each other, with the exception of the end one,
which is terminal. These leaves are made up of from
seven to eleven ovate-lanceolate leaflets. All except the
terminal leaflets are sessile (stemless) on the main leaf
stem. The end leaflet has a short stem. These leaflets
are deeply serrated, more so than the leaves of the other
hickories. But if you are not sure from the leaves,
look at the buds. They are an easy and a sure mark
of identification. These are distinctly flattened and
curved (falcate) at the tip, and especially they are of
bright orange-yellow hue. This conspicuous hue of the
buds is a distinguishing feature of the tree. Its fruit
is globular, ovate, and has four ridges or wings which
run down to about the middle of the husk. The kernel
of the nut is exceedingly bitter—whence the name of
the tree, bitternut.

Corylopsis spicata. (No. 67.) In the early days of
spring, in March, if you are up in the northeastern part
of the Ramble, this beautiful bush is well worth seeing.
At this time of the year it is usually in bloom and you
can easily know it from other bushes by its very profuse
inflorescence. Away off through the maze of brown
twigs you can catch the gleam of its pale yellow flowers
which seem to fairly set the bush ablaze with their ten-
der light. It is almost the first bush to break forth into
bloom and set along its branches the age-old story of
spring and its awakening glory. How lovely then is
the sight of this torch-like shrub, kindled as with the
flame of the burning bush that spoke to Moses—the

196

deathlessness of life, the eternal recurrence of its power,
fresh from the hand of the living God. Looking upon
these tender blossoms, it is almost impossible not to feel
a new thrill of hope and a new sense of the deep-rooted
feeling that welled in Browning when he wrote, “God’s
in His heaven, all’s right with the world.”

You will have no trouble in picking out this bush. Its
flowers droop in three or four-inch racemes, from
greenish-yellow bracts. These flowers are of a pale
lemon or canary yellow, and are five-petaled and five-
stamened. Its leaves, hazel-like, have given the shrub
its name Corylopsis (corylus and opsis). They are
acutely heart-shaped, are on long stems, have serrated
margins, and are strongly feather veined. On their
undersides they are glaucous and pubescent. The fruit
of the shrub is a dehiscent capsule, containing two
glossy-black seeds. The bush is a native of Japan and
certainly a welcome and charming importation for our
parks.

Cryptomeria Japonica. (Japan Cedar. No. 24.) In
the midwesterly part of the Ramble there is a little path,
a little loop in the Walk, that gives you a sweet retire-
ment from the rush of city streets, and almost buries
you amid the leafy boughs. The birds sing and flash
by on sudden, bursting wings, and at your feet a little
stream feels its way along from a slumbrous pool to
leap in silver rills down a rock-choked chasm to the
sun-lighted waters of the Lake below. This little
dream-spot can be easily found if you take the path that
leads off due east from the Schiller Bust, cross a bridge
which spans the outlet of the rill, mentioned above, into

LEAF-SPRAYS OF THE JAPAN CEDAR (Cryptomeria Japonica)

Map 7. No. 24.

197

the Lake, then at the first fork of the path, turn to your
left, nearly northeast, and follow the path up to a sharp
elbow that crooks the Walk abruptly to the east again.
Here at your right hand is the little dream-spot, and if
you stand in it and face south you will look right into
a cluster of Cryptomeria Japonica. They stand across
the streamlet, up the bank. You will know them at once
by their tall, spire-like forms, dark green foliage, with
parts of it reddish brown, and trunks of the same hue.
The trunks look like posts stripped of their bark. The
specimens here are not doing very well, for some rea-
son, but up by the Reservoir (on Section No. 10 of this
book) you will find some superb specimens flourishing
in the best of health.

The foliage of the Cryptomeria Japonica is very
easily distinguished. Its leaves have a marked, claw-
like look, are rather four-sided, curved, and taper grad-
ually down, from a thick base to a sharp-pointed tip.
They seem to be trying to clasp the branch. This gives
each branch a rather hard, close look. If you examine
the tree carefully, you may find its small, globular
cones, not quite an inch in diameter, clinging at the ends
of the branches. These cones have a deep-seated affec-
tion for the branch and hang on very persistently. They
‘are odd-looking things, certainly, and, if you examine
them closely, you will see that their scales are set with
slender, recurved prickles.

In form the tree is lofty and spire-like, and its foli-
age, in the full perfection of good health, is dark green
and lustrous, full of a seeming enduring strength. As

198

you look at its stiff, claw-like leaves, you long to hear
the music that a good gale would draw from them.
Kalmia latifolia. (Mountain Laurel. Calico Bush,
No. 51.) All over the Ramble you will find this hardy
little mountaineer flinging the white light from its pol-
ished green leaves, with an almost crystalline brilliance.
One particularly fine mass of it banks the northeasterly
corner of the Walk which wanders from the northerly
side of the slumbrous little pool in the heart of the
Ramble. Just where this Walk comes out upon the
Cross-walk at the south of the open stretch, bounding
the upper part of the Ramble, you will find it, a dozen
feet high, shaking its glossy, leathery, dark green leaves
over your head and filling your eyes with a blaze of
crystal light, if you catch their gloss across the sun.
Apollo shoots silver arrows. The mountain laurel gets
its generic name, Kalmia, from Peter Kalm, a Swedish
naturalist. It is an evergreen densely foliaged shrub,
with stiffly bent branches, which, if you meet in the
shrub’s native environment of deep, dark woods, bar
your way with an almost steel-like tenacity. It grows
in a roundish, compact form. Its rather elliptical leaves
are set alternately on the branches, are smooth, glossy
and leathery, dark green on the uppersides, but light
yellow-green beneath. They are pointed at both ends.
The glory of the shrub is in June. Come then and
behold in silence the wondrous work of Nature in the
saucer-shaped corollas, rose flushed with the hues of
dawn, that this shrub unfolds to your delighted eyes.
Look down into the lovely chalice and follow the wan-
derings of that wavy line of rose and faint purple

199

which flushes around the cup like a rainbow over a
sky of pearl. See the ten little stamens with their
heads all tucked away in little pockets, curved back,
like miniature catapults, waiting the touch of the golden
bee to set them off, with a shower of pollen from their
flying anthers. Touch them with but the tip of your
pencil, and the trap is sprung. The golden pollen flies,
and Nature’s end is accomplished. The lovely flowers
are succeeded by a woody pod or capsule. The capsule
is five-celled and contains many oblong seeds.
Magnolia acuminata. (Cucumber Tree. Mountain
Magnolia. No. 61.) Not far from the Corylopsis, in
the northeasterly part of the Ramble, you will find sev-
eral stalwart specimens of this magnolia. They stand
rather close together, with well-developed trunks of
dark, brownish gray, and a look, in the upperparts, of
lightish gray, that reminds you of the abele tree or
white poplar. The leaves are thin and entire (not ser-
rated), are pointed at top and base, often the base is
rounded. The margins are generally slightly waved.
These leaves are of a bright, light green on the upper-
sides, but paler beneath, and, in the autumn, turn to a
lovely fawn yellow. They are from five to twelve
inches long and about four inches broad. The tree gets.
its common name from its fruit, which (especially when
young) resembles a small cucumber. It is ripe in Sep-
tember or October, and if you are passing near at that
time you can easily catch its rose-crimson glow con-
spicuously showing amid the tree’s foliage. This cu-
cumber-like pod opens little slits and drops out from
them its bright, coral-red seeds, on slender, silky

200

threads, curious sights, if you do not know the fruiting
habits of the magnolias. The flowers of this tree break
out in May or June and are not very conspicuous. They
are small, greenish-yellow, six petaled, and about
three inches wide. You cannot fail to find them, close
by the Corylopsis in the northeasterly part of the Ram-
ble. Two are quite near the Corylopsis, and there are
some more to the westward and a little southward as
you follow the path that skirts the southerly border of
the open stretch of green here.

Magnolia Soulangeana. (Soulange’s Magnolia. No.
17.) You will have little trouble in picking out this
beautiful hybrid magnolia, if you are passing it in time
of bloom. This is usually in April. Afar off, through
the leafless trees, you can see its soft, lovely tints of
purplish pink and white. The bloom is profuse, and,
in its perfection, is almost cloudlike in its fullness.
These flowers, chalice-shaped, seem to sit upon the
branches in a way that makes you think of vases. Their
petals are about four or five inches long, six to nine in
number, cream-white on the inside, but on the outside
softly flushed with pink, deeping down at the base of
the flower to a deep purple. Emblem of dawn, is this
lovely blossom. Roseate herald of the flowers that are
so soon to burn on bush and tree, how incomparably
beautiful is thy hue in those bare April days while yet
the tang of winter is in the air!

If you take the path that leads up northerly from the
bust of Schiller, and follow it to its second fork, north,
then turn to your right, walk easterly to the second fork
of the path, you will find a very good specimen of this

201

magnolia directly south of the second fork of the path,
with another of its kin just east of it, close by the path,
just a few feet along. But these are on your right as
you go easterly. They are small trees, about fifteen feet
high, with very handsome, light-gray bark, lighter even
than that of the American beech. Their leaves are
about six inches long, obovate, that is, reverse egg-
shape, and have a short, abrupt point.

This magnolia is a hybrid between Magnolia con-
spicua, the Chinese yulan, and Magnolia purpurea (or
obovata). Its leaves show very plainly the intermedi-
ate type of the two parent trees, as do also the blended
hues of its flowers. Surely it is a lovely tree and lights
the spring paths with a beauty that is all its own.

Picea pungens. (Colorado Blue Spruce. Silver
Spruce. No. 12.) Near the little mushroom-shaped
shelter on the southwesterly part of the Ramble, not far
from Bow Bridge, you can see some very fair (though
small) specimens of this beautiful conifer. As you
stand beneath the shelter and face west, within a few
feet of you, and directly in front of you, are two of
these young evergreens, You can recognize the Colo-
rado blue spruce on sight by its color alone, a pale,
glaucous green with a decided bluish tinge. When in
its perfection of color it is an almost unnatural shade of
hue for an evergreen, being then of a pale, glaucus
green, overcast with the loveliest and most delicate
tinge of pale blue. Its loveliness of tint fairly takes
your breath away, so delicate, so soft is its effect. But
though this richness of color often burns off, from
effects of soil and climate, to a cold, grayish blue-green,

202

yet even then it is distinctive enough to detect easily as
an unmistakable mark of the tree’s identity. Its leaves,
like all those of the true spruces, are four-sided. They
are also noticeably curved, tapering down to a sharply
acute point. In character they are stout and stiff, which
botanists call rigid, and are about an inch long. On the
upperside they are light green, but on the underside are
beautifully glaucous and silvery. It is this which gives
the delicate, lightish cast to the tree’s foliage. Its cones
are from three to five inches long, cylindrical-oblong, of
a lustrous light-brown. In form of growth the outline
of the tree is rather conical or pyramidal, with strong,
horizontal branches which sweep out from the trunk in
broken whorls. If you take the path northerly from
Bow Bridge and follow it to the east from its third fork,
you will easily find the mushroom shelter.

Pinus ponderosa. (Western Yellow Pine. No. 82.)
You will find a healthy young specimen of this sturdy
stock in the northwesterly part of the Ramble, not far
from the slippery elm. Follow the path which passes
the slippery elm. Just around the corner from the point
where it breaks off from the Walk, running east and
west, you will find this fine young pine. In order that
you may surely find it, as you go from the fork upon
the Walk leading by the slippery elm, you pass witch-
hazel.and sweet gum, on the right (as you go northerly
toward the west Ramble Road stop), and on the left, in
the corner of the fork, the fine clump of retinosporas,
alluded to and described below. The sweet gum has
star-shaped leaves and the witch-hazel’s leaves are lop-
sided. The retinosporas have finely-sprayed, plume-

203

like leaves. The pine in question stands just beyond the
witch-hazel, back from the Walk, upon the left (east)
bank, as you face north, looking toward the west Ram-
ble road stop. You can identify this pine easily by its
leaves, which are gathered together in bundles of three.
The leaves themselves are long, nearly ten inches, when
full grown, and are of a flexible texture, of a deep, dark
green hue, rather lusterless and dead in finish. If you
squeeze these three leaves together, you will see that
they are so cut as to thus form one round leaf. Press
the two leaves of an Austrian pine together and you get
one round leaf. The cone of the ponderosa is about
three or four inches long, with recurved (bent back)
prickles on the cone-scales. This is a fine, healthy sap-
ling here, and should grow nobly. You will find some
splendid specimens of the ponderosa near McGowan’s
Pass Tavern, indicated on the map for Section No. 15
of this book.

Prunus avium. (Bird Cherry. Mazzard Cherry. No.
26.) I£ you cross the Bridge leading into the westerly
part of the Ramble, turn to the left, and at the next
right hand branch of the path, go up some steps, turn
to the right again, cross the Stone Arch, go southerly,
and just after crossing the Stone Arch, bend to your
right and follow the leafy path as it winds around to
run beside the Lake’s border, about midway between
the point where it bent around from the Stone Arch to
the next fork of the path, on the westerly side of the
Walk, you will find two specimens of this cherry stand-
ing quite close together. They are not very large trees,
the taller of them is about twelve or fifteen feet high.

204

You can pick them out by their rather glossy, reddish-
brown, typical cherry-tree bark and hairy (undersides)
ovate-lanceolate leaves, ending in a point, often ab-
ruptly. These leaves are thickish, very coarsely and
doubly serrated. The tree’s flowers occur about the
time the leaves begin to appear, in close umbels, from
side spurs along the branches. The fruit is a sweet
(occasionally sour) drupe, yellow or red, rather heart-
shaped, pointed. —

_ Pseudotsuga Douglasii. (Douglas Spruce. No. 10.)
VAs you approach the little mushroom-shaped shelter
in the southwesterly part of the Ramble, just north
of the lamp-post that stands by the right of the Walk,
as you come towards the shelter, you will see a small-
sized evergreen. It is now about five feet high. This
is the Douglas Spruce. Its form of growth is pyr-
amidal, with a horizontal spread of branches. The
leaves are linear, either straight or curved, and quite
flexible. They are of a dark or bluish-green color,
whitish below, obtuse, and are more or less two-ranked
along the branches. The cones are three or four
inches long, drooping, and egg-shaped in form. These
cones are bristly with exserted bracts. You will find
another specimen of the tree on Section 10, close by
the Reservoir’s wall.

Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria. (Black Oak. No.
16.) The branch of path leading off to the west of
Schiller’s bust will lead you by a specimen of this oak.
You will find it on the left (west) of the Walk as
you bend northerly, and you can identify it by its
rough blackish bark. The rough trunk is broken with

205

heavy plates, especially on the lower parts. The leaves
of this tree are confusing because they run often very
close to those of the scarlet and the red oak. On the
lower parts of the tree the leaves are broad, reverse,
egg-shaped in outline, with seven to nine lobes, obtuse
at the base. The lobes are bristle-tipped, and this
fact shows that the tree is a biennial fruiter. The oaks
without bristled leaves are annual fruiters. ‘The black
oak carries its leaves on long, somewhat slender stems,
and these stems are usually downy. The acorn is
roundish, flattened very noticeably at the point of the
nut, and often marked very beautifully with lines of
yellow and brown. The cup of the acorn is quite deep
and settles over the nut in a way that, with its loose-
end scales, makes you think of Robinson Crusoe’s hat.
Both the inner bark of the tree and the kernel of the
acorn are strongly tinged with yellow or orange. This
inner yellowish bark is the sure mark of the tree. It
is bitter to the taste. From the characteristic inner
bark the tree has its other common name, yellow-
barked oak.

Quercus stellata. (Post Oak. No. 23.) In the
central part of the Ramble, near the slumbrous little
pool which throws back the images of bending trees
and overhanging bushes, close by the pathside, you
will find a fairly good-sized representative of this species
of oak. There are not many of these trees in the
Park, indeed, this, I believe, is the only one I have
found in the course of my rambles through the Park.
May it thrive on where it has set its foot so firmly,
and whisper still to us as we wind these lovely ways.

206

In order that you may more readily find it, the Pool
lies just north of the little round Summer House,
which has, for a distinguishing mark on the map, an
open loop of walk at its south. This gives it a kind
of dumb-bell look which is easily noted. A little
rustic bridge spans the westerly outlet of this Pool.
If you stand on this bridge, face northerly, and follow
the path, northerly, you will find the post oak about
midway, on your right hand, between the first and
second forks of the path as you proceed northerly. It
is a medium-sized tree, and you can pick it out easily
by its leaves which are cut very peculiarly. These
are from four to six inches long, leathery, dark green
on the uppersides, but on the undersides downy and
whitish. These leaves are cut by two deep sinuses,
about a third way up, on either side of the midrib.
This throws the upper part, generally, into three broad,
obtuse, divergent lobes. These divergent lobes are
often double. But it is the broad upper part, with the
two large bays or sinuses, which cut it from the lower
part of the leaf, that strikes your eye as a marked
characteristic. It gives the leaves, the upper portion,
a rather star-like look, as you glance up at them against
the sky, and it is this feature which has given the tree its
specific botanical name stellata. As a whole the leaf is
generally from five to seven-lobed. Sometimes the leaf
takes a short, broad egg-shaped outline, lacking the
two deep sinuses, but the more common form of the
leaf is that described above, with the sinuses. The
tree’s acorn is about half an inch long, egg-shaped,
nearly sessile, and set in a broad, close-scaled, saucer-

207

shaped cup which comes down over the nut from a
third to about a half. The acorns occur singly or
several (not more than four, generally) together in a
cluster in the axils of the leaves. This tree stands
almost in the centre of the Ramble.

Rhododendron maximum. (Great Laurel. Rose
Bay. Near No. 4.) Close by the dwarf horsechest-
nut, in the southwesterly part of the Ramble, indeed
quite filling up the whole stretch of bank-side along
the left of the path, here, are superb masses of this
handsomest of native laurels. You can know them
by their large alternate leaves (evergreen) which are
thick and smooth, and have their margins slightly
rolled back in a manner that botanists term revolute.
These leaves are from four to ten inches long, and are
glossy dark green on the uppersides, but of a pale
yellow green on the undersides. They have a lance-
oblong form, and have a way of hanging down like
a partly closed umbrella. In winter the leaves often
curl and roll up into cylindrical form, easily distin-
guishing them. The leaves are acute, at the tip, and
rather roundish wedge-shaped at the base. In June
and July this royal shrub bursts into glories of bloom
that well stir your enthusiasm. From pale rose,
through all the intermediate hues to white, the great
corymb-clustered flowers burst their wealth of color
upon your delighted eyes. The flaring corollas liter-
ally glow with life and light, fair as pearled shells,
fragrant as the breath of the morn, and lit with the
hues of those first faint streaks that tremble upon the
sky at dawn. Are they not wondrous! Look down

208

into their lovely throats, touched so softly with yel-
lowish dots, like little golden clouds that lie breathless
on a breathless sky. The corollas are five-parted and
bell-shaped, with long sweeping stamens, five to ten
in number, reaching far out from the corollas’ throats.
The stamens are often noticeably curved. The flower
stems (pedicels) are clammy (viscid) and hairy (pu-
bescent). The umbel-like clusters of the flowers break
out from cone-like buds which set the autumn before
the season’s blooming. These cone-shaped buds are
the winter mark of the rhododendron. The fruit is
an oblong pod.

Ribes aureum. (Missouri Currant. Golden or Buf-
falo Currant. No. 96.) If you are in the north-
western part of the Ramble in the lovely days of May,
when those entrancing bursts of warm sunshine leap
as with a heart full of love from behind pearl-edged
clouds, and bring out to the full the starry beauty of
the dancing blossoms, look then for the bright golden
flowers of this cheery shrub. When the sunshine is
full upon them, they glow like Wordsworth’s daffo-
dils. If you take the path that leads off to the left
from the west Bridge, and follow it to its second left-
hand offshoot, you will find a good clump of this
Missouri Currant not very far from the corner made
by the fork of this second offshoot of the Walk to the
left. It stands quite close to a Siberian pea tree here.
Its lovely golden flowers will surely. make you stop
a moment in your ramble, with their bright merry hues
burning up to you with five spreading lobes. The
conspicuous lobes are part of the calyx, not petals of

209

the corolla. The petals of the corolla are very small
(five), with delicate pink tops which are set on the
throat of the calyx. At first glance you might easily
think that the large flaring flanges of the flowers were
parts of the corolla, but a close examination reveals
the truth. The flowers are tubular cylindrical, and
are carried in short-racemed clusters just as the leaves
begin to expand. These leaves are three to five-lobed,
wedge-shaped or cordate (often rounded) at the bases.
They are palmately veined, the midrib and primary
veins being quite conspicuous. These leaves are small,
usually about an inch long, and are lobed so conspic-
uously you can easily recognize the bush by these alone.
The fruit is a brilliant yellowish (later blackish) spher-
ical glossy berry, which is very conspicuous in late
summer (August) amid the green leaves of this mod-
est shrub. Although its fruit catches the eye and sets
you wondering what it may be, it is,its flowers which
take hold of you, on those rare days of May, when the
little yellow horns seem to fairly blow golden music.
You will find another good mass of this up by the
clump of purple-flowering raspberry, in the north-
westerly part of the Ramble, not far from the Swiss
Cottage.

Rubus odoratus. (Purple-flowering Raspberry. No.
97.) Near the West Ramble Road Stop, following the
path on which you mct the slippery elm, you will find
a good-sized mass of this low straggling shrub which
flings its arms in such delightful abandon along the
country roads of summer. You can recognize it, at
once, by its maple-like leaves, which are from three to

210

five-lobed, quite large, of a soft, woolly texture, pu-
bescent on the undersides, but of a lovely tender green
on the uppersides. The flowers, which have given the
shrub its common name, are of a clear rose-purple,
of five crumpled petals, in loose clusters, and float over
the masses of the shrub in the heats of July and
August. How lovely is their soft rich color against
the cool tender green of its leaves, and how lovely the
golden crown of its anthers in the heart of its ruby
petals. These tender flowers soon give place to crim-
son raspberries, flattish, about an inch in diameter.
Schizophragma hydrangeoides. (Climbing Hydran-
gea. No. 57.) The path which leads up from the
Boat House into the southeasterly part of the Ramble
will bring you, if you turn off to the left, at its third
fork, and then follow this branch to the place where
it, in turn, forks, to a sassafras tree, which stands
close by a lamp, just where this branch of path throws
off an arm to the west (your left). This sassafras
tree carries the rather remarkable climbing hydrangea,
Schizophragma hydrangeoides. According to Prof.
Bailey, this rather staggering name, in plain English,
means that the inner layers of its valve walls are cleft
into fascicled fibers. But in spite of its disagreeable
name, it is a very pretty climber. You might easily
mistake it for a vine, with its ovate heart-shaped taper-
ing leaves, but it is a deciduous shrub. It is, like so
many other of our park beauties, from Japan, and
has so close a resemblance to Hydrangea petiolaris,
that it is often confused with it. The shrub blooms in
July, with white or flesh-colored flowers, fairly large,

2Ir

in pubescent flattish peduncled cymes. These blos-
soms have the large outer ring of sterile flowers, so
characteristic of the hydrangeas. The fertile flower’s
calyx is top-shaped, has five teeth and five valvate
petals. Valvate means edge to edge. The stamens are
ten, and they are inserted upon the base of the disc.
Prof. Bailey says it can be easily distinguished from
Hydrangea petiolaris, which has four sepals (petals of
the calyx) on the marginal flowers, whereas this hy-
drangea has but one sepal. The leaves of the climber
we are here discussing are very coarsely toothed, bright
glossy green on the uppersides, but paler beneath. They
are from two to four inches long. The fruit is a little
capsule.

Symphoricarpos racemosus. (Suowberry or Wax-
berry. No. 72.) In the northeasterly corner of the
Ramble, near the Road Stop there, you will find hand-
some masses of this daintily-flowered shrub. It has
been well named indeed, for the pure white berries
which gleam through its tender dark-green foliage are,
of a truth, snow-white. The masses of the shrub, here,
are on the left of the Walk, directly opposite the
northerly end of the East Ramble Road Stop. You
can easily know them by their small (two or three
inches) oval leaves, generally entire, of a beautiful
clear dark-green on the uppersides, but of a lighter
green on the undersides. They are set oppositely
along the branches, on very short leaf-stems, and, off-
hand, have something of the look of a locust’s leaf.
This shrub blooms all through the summer and, from
June to September, you may come upon its dainty

212

little four to five-toothed, bell-shaped rose-pink flowers
clustered at the ends of the branches. This habit of
inflorescence at once distinguishes it from its twin
sister, the Indian currant or coral berry which it so
closely resembles, especially in foliage. The Indian
currant sends out its flowers all along the branches
in axillary clusters. The snowberry’s dainty little flow-
ers are soon succeeded by the densely clustered bunches
of small white berries which have given the bush its
common English name. Its botanical generic name
is derived from two Greek words meaning “clustered
fruits.” These clusters of white berries conspicuously
mark the bush about the middle of August. The shrub
belongs to the honeysuckle family.

Ulmus fulva. (Slippery Elm. Red Elm. No. 98.)
If you take the path that turns off to the left from
the handsome clump of Retinospora plumosa (the first
offshoot of the Walk to the left, northward after cross-
ing the Bridge which carries the path into the middle
west of the Ramble), and proceed northwesterly toward
the West Ramble Road Stop, you will see an elm tree
throwing its shade over the Walk, on your left, close
by the path, about twenty-five or thirty feet from the
Retinosporas. It is a very fair specimen of the slip-
pery elm. In order that you may easily identify it,
it stands a few feet this side (south) of an Austrian
pine, and has a witch hazel rattling its heavy lop-
sided leaves diagonally across the Walk from it. The
slippery elm has a lightish-brown bark which, in old
trees, gets to be deeply furrowed. This bark also pos-
sesses a peculiar mucilageneous quality which has given

213

the tree its common name, “slippery elm.” Its leaves
are very rough, on the uppersides, and by this you
may easily know them. The leaves are large, four to
eight inches long and about four inches vide. They
are ovate-oblong, in shape, but come down to a taper-
ing point. They are set alternately along the branch,
and are noticeably doubly serrate. The most conspic-
uous feature of the leaves are their extreme roughness
on the uppersides. Rub them either way, and you will
feel a harshness of touch which will put your teeth
on edge. On the undersides the leaves are soft and
wooly, when young, but as the leaf grows older become
roughish on this side also. The slippery elm flowers
early in spring, before the leaves appear. These closely
clustered purplish blossoms break out in little bunches
along the branches, very much like the inflorescence
(bloom) of the English and the Scotch elms. The
fruit of the tree is a winged seed (samara), the flat
wing enclosing the seed like a wafer. Over the seed
there is a marked pubescence or hairy growth, but the
wing is without pubescence. The seed of the Amer-
ican elm is very hairy on the margin of the wing.
Vaccinium corymbosum. (High-bush Blueberry.
Swamp Blueberry. No. 41.) Near the little Shelter
or Summer House in the middle of the southern part
of the Ramble, you will find a good specimen of this
shrub. It is all through the Ramble, but you can see
a good bush of it here, for close study. If you take
the little path that leads out northerly from this Sum-
mer House, passing the fine Catesby’s Andromeda and
Azalea amena, on your right, then, as you come out

214

upon the Walk that runs east and west, turn westerly,
to your left, to the first fork of the Walk. Take the
left-hand branch of this fork, and you will find two
very fair specimens of this blueberry. The first one
stands on the right of the Walk, just beyond a hand-
some Viburnum dentatum. The viburnum has saw-
cut leaves. The high-bush blueberry is, as its name
implies, an erect shrub. It is very pretty in May, with
hanging clusters of wax-white flowers flushed softly
with pink. These corymb-like clusters, in short, hang-
ing racemes, have given the shrub its specific botanical
name corymbosum. Dainty pale pinkish-white bells
they are, with their little five-toothed corollas droop-
ing so beautifully on the almost bare branches of the
shrub. The leaves are simple, set alternately on the
branches, are oval, and pointed at both ends, the top
acute, the base wedge-shaped. These leaves, about
three inches long when full-grown, are of a dark
glossy green on the uppersides, but are lighter green
below and pubescent. In the fall of the year they
meet the first keen kisses of the frost with flushes of
rose that glow into scarlet and crimson through golden
glories of yellow and orange. All over the Rambie
then you come upon the torches of flame which this
shrub burns so bravely. Its berry is small, about as
large as a good-sized pea, blue-black with a faint
bloom.

Viburnum acerifolium. (Maple-leaved Arrowwood.
Dockmackie. No. 107.) Proceed northerly from the
mushroom-shaped shelter, turn to the west at the first
fork of the Walk, then follow it to the next fork, turn

215

to your right (northerly), and continue along the
Walk, until it begins to bend easterly to a rustic
shelter. If you have a permit to explore for things
not beside the Walk, strike off from the path, to your
left, just before you come to where the Walk begins
to swing around to the rustic shelter, and in among
the shrubberies here, about eighteen or twenty feet
to the southwest of the Walk, you will find a fair
specimen of this Viburnum. It is easily distinguished
by its maple-like leaves, which are generally three-lobed
and have large irregular teeth. The leaves are set
oppositely, and the coarse cutting of the large teeth
instantly attract the attention. The shrub blooms in
June, in rather flattish terminal loose cymes, and are
very beautiful, just before they open, from the pale
pinkish-purple flush that suffuses them. As they open,
they become cream-white. These flowers are succeeded
by dark-purple berries, whose stones are two-grooved.
It is a pretty shrub, and very beautiful just as it be-
gins to bloom.

It may be interesting to add that the viburnums
belong to the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliacee, in-
cluding the elder, the Indian currant or coral berry, the
snowberry, and the Weigela (Diervilla). Generally
speaking this great group Caprifoliacee, is character-
ized by having the stamens of their flowers about as
many as there are lobes of the corolla. In the elders
and the viburnums, the corollas are shallow wheel-
shaped or urn-shaped; in the coral berries and snow-
berries, the corollas are bell-shaped; in the honey-
suckles (Lonicera) and the Weiglas (Diervilla) the

216

corollas are funnel-form. They are among the loveliest
of the shrubs to bloom and in June, especially, the
Weigelas are glorious.

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Explanations, Map No. 8

Common Name.

. Reeve’s Spirea.

. Tartarian Honeysuckle.

. Honey Locust.

. Judas Tree or Redbud.

. English Hawthorn.

. Silver or White Maple.

. Washington Thorn.

. Hackberry, Sugarberry,

Nettle Tree.

. Groundsel Tree.
. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. Red Maple.

. Japan Quince.

. European Beech.

. European or Tree Alder.
. Flowering Dogwood.

. Osage Orange.

. Norway Maple.

. Keelreuteria or Varnish

Tree.

. Common Locust.

. Fringe Tree.

. Bald Cypress.

. Hop Tree or Shrubby

Trefoil.

. Common Swamp Blue-

berry, High-bush Blue-
berry.

. European White Birch.
. Shadbush, June Berry or

Service Berry.

. Flowering Dogwood.
. Italian Privet (White

fruit).

. Swamp White Oak.
. Cockspur Thorn.

BortanicaLt Name.

Spirea Reevesiana.
Lonicera Tartarica.
Gleditschia triacanthos.
Cercts Canadensis.
Crategus oxyacantha.
Acer dasycarpum.
Crategus cordata,
Celtis Occidentalis.

Baccharis halimifolia.
Populus monilifera.

Acer rubrum.

Cydonia Japonica,
Fagus sylvatica.

Alnus glutinosa.
Cornus florida.
Maclura aurantiaca.
Acer platanoides.
Kelreuteria paniculata,

Robinia pseudacacia,
Chionanthus Virginica.
Taxodium distichum,
Pielea trijoliata.
Vaccinium corymbosum.
Betula alba. :
Amelanchier Canadensis.

Cornus florida.

Ligustrum Italicum, var. leu-

cocarpum.
Quercus bicolor.
Crategus crus-gallt.

222

Common NaME

. Scarlet-fruited Thorn,

White Thorn.

. White-Stamened Syringa.
. Turkey Oak.
. Hercules’s Club, Devil’s

Walking Stick, Angel-
ica Tree.

. Japan Pagoda Tree.

. European White Birch.

. Rose of Sharon or Althza.

. Weigela.

. Cut-leaved European
Beech.

. Rhodotypos.

. Black Cherry.

. Mock Orange or Sweet
Syringa.

. Buttonbush.

. Dwarf or Japan Catalpa,
Bunge’s Catalpa.

. Sassafras.

. Scentless Mock Orange or

Syringa.

. Common Elder.
. Missouri Currant, Golden

or Buffalo Currant.

. Fringe Tree.
. European Wayfaring Tree.
. Indian

Bean Tree
Southern Catalpa.

or

. Purple-leaved European

Hazel.

. Paulownia.
. Small-leaved Mock Or-

ange or Syringa.
Wild Red Osier.

. Sweet Bay or Swamp

Magnolia.

. Bur Oak, Mossy Cup Oak,

Overcup Oak.

. Japan Hedge Bindweed.
. Weeping Willow, Baby-

lonian Willow.

. Weeping European Beech.

BotTaNicaAL NAME

Crategus coccinea.

Philadelphus nivalis.
Quercus Cerrts.
Aralia spinosa.

Sophora Japonica.

B Eule aoe

Hibiscus Syriacus.

Diervilla florida,

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata
(or asplentfolia).

Rhodotypos kerrioides.

Prunus serotina.

Philadelphus coronarius.

Cephalanthus Occidentalits.
Caialpa Bunget,

Sassafras officinale.
Philadelphus inodorus.

Sambucus Canadensis.
Ribes aureum.

Chionanthus Virginica,
Viburnum lantana.
Catalpa bignonioides.

Corylus avellana, var. atro-

purpurea.
Paulownia imperialis.
Philadelphus microphyllus.

Cornus stolontjera.
Magnolia glauca.

Quercus macrocarpa.

Polygonum cuspidatum.
Salix Babylonica.

Fagus sylvatica, var. pendula.

. Japan
ers).
. Japan Quince (Pink flow-

ers).
. Umbrella Tree.

223

Common Name

. Mock Orange or Sweet

Syringa.
uince (Red flow-

. Oriental Plane Tree.
. Weeping European Silver

Linden.

. European Linden.
. Cut-leaved European

Beech.

. European White Birch.
. Thunberg’s Barberry, Ja-

pan Barberry.

. Reeve’s Spiraea.

. Van Houtte’s Spiraea,

. Witch Hazel.

. Scarlet-fruited Thorn,

White Thorn.

. American Hornbeam,

Blue Beech, Water
Beech.

. Hackberry, Sugar Berry,

Nettle Tree.

. Slippery Elm.
. Scarlet Oak.
. Large-flowered Mock Or-

ange or Syringa.

. Austrian Pine.

. White Pine.

. Spicebush.

. Chinese Juniper.

. Japan Arbor Vite (Gold-

en Plume-leaved).

. Wild Red Osier.

. European White Birch.

. American Hazel.

. White Mulberry.

. Standish’s Honeysuckle.

. Large-thorned Hawthorn.
. Black Oak.

. Scotch Elm.

Botanical NaME

Philadelphus coronartus.
Cydonia Japonica.
Cydonia Japonica,

Magnolia umbrella (or tripe-
tala,

Platanus Orientalis. .

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba) pendula,

Tilia Europea,

Fagus sylvatica, var. laciniata
(or asplenifolta).

Betula alba.

Berberis Thunbergit.

Spirea Reevesiana.

Spirea Van Houttet.
amamelts Virginiana.

Crategus coccinea.

Carpinus Caroliniana.

Celtis Occidentalis.

Ulmus fulva.
Quercus coccinea.
Philadelphus granditflorus.

Pinus Austriaca.
Pinus strobus.
Benzoin benzoin.
Juniperus Chinensis.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. aurea,

Cornus stolonifera.

Betula alba.

Corylus Americana.

Morus alba.

Lonicera Standishii.

Crategus macracantha. :
Quercus coccinea, var. tinctorta
Ulmus Montana,

93
94

224

Common Name

. Globe Flower, Japan Rose,
Kerria.

. Fortune’s Dwarf White
Spirma.

. European Cherry, Maha-
leb Cherry.

. Bladder Senna.

BoTaNnicaL NaME
Kerria Japonica,
Spirea callosa, var. alba,
Prunus Mahaleb.

Colutea arborescens.

VIL.

WEST SEVENTY-SECOND STREET TO WEST
SEVENTY-NINTH STREET

At the West Seventy-second Street Gate, the Walks
bend quickly north and south. We have been over
the southerly ; let us take the northerly, at the left of
the Drive. It wanders through a delightful Arbor,
hung with trailing vines and the sweet garlands of
the Wistaria;—a lovely spot in the days of shifting
sunshine over dancing leaves. Almost as the Walk
swings around to the north, close by the Arbor, you
will find tall masses of the Tartarian honeysuckle.
You can know it easily by its leaves, which somewhat
resemble narrowed and elongated arrow-heads. Tech-
nically speaking they are ovate-lanceolate, with a very
cordate (heart-shaped) base. The leaves are also cil-
iate, that is, with a fringe of hairs along their margins,
and are somewhat hairy on the undersides, as well.
In late May or early June the Tartarian honeysuckle
breaks out in bloom—beautiful pink, white or crimson
flowers which have their upper lips cleft quite consid-
erably. As the flowers pass away, changing to fruit, the
bush is hung full of bright scarlet berries.

A little stretch beyond the Arbor, you come to some
steps, and here, by the second step, on your left, you
meet the interesting Italian privet which bears white
fruit. There are some more very interesting things

226

here. On your right, by the first step, is a lamp, and
almost due east of this, on the border of the Drive, are
two very flourishing specimens of the groundsel tree.
If you have ever wandered over the salt meadows near
Coney Island in the Autumn, and seen the snow of the
groundsel tree’s seed-pods fairly billowing over the
velvety sedge, your heart will give a leap of joy when
you come upon these bushes. At least, so it was with
me, the day I first found them here beside the Drive.
Instantly I saw the salt meadows, the flying white sea-
gulls turning in the sun; saw the drifting, rolling
sedges smoothing to the wind; heard the sound of the
ocean surge and saw the white fluff of the groundsel
tree billowing over the tawny reaches of the marshes.
This snowy fluff of silvery white pappus which covers
the seeds so generously is the balloon that bears the
seeds on the breast of the wind, serving their disper-
sion. Each tiny little seed is loosed by the wind and
borne onward to its resting place by the wings of this
lovely, fairy-like fluff. The leaves of the shrub are
wedge-shaped, obovate and very coarsely toothed. The
branches are distinctly angled.

Follow the Walk, still northerly, and just after you
pass, on your right, some fine old cottonwoods, easily
known by their towering trunks of heavily-ridged bark,
cross the Drive and strike the Lake-walk, where it
sends down a little side arm to the Lake itself. That
you may know the spot, a flowering dogwood stands
directly in the right-hand corner of this arm, and east
of the dogwood a cluster of tall, conical bald cypresses

Flowers or tue Hop Tree or Srrunpy Trerom (Ptelea trifoliata)
Map 8. No. 22.

227

wave their royal plumes of feathery green to every
rocking breeze. What graceful trees they are!

From this arm, pass southerly, following the east-
erly border of the Drive. You pass Japan quince, on
your right, honey locust on your left, resplendent in
black bark and fierce thorns. These honey locusts are
about opposite the lamp here. Beyond them, by the edge
of the Lake are European elder, full of little “cones,”
jet black against the blue of the sky; flowering dog-
wood, osage orange (with spines in the axils of its
leaves). Opposite these trees is a fine Norway maple.
Then we meet honey locust again, then some more
osage oranges and a little gathering of varnish trees
just beyond these, on your left. Opposite the lamp
that stands on your right, as you continue southerly,
ate two well-grown fringe trees, lovely in June, with
their white fluffs of bloom. Beyond the fringe trees
you will see a quartet of the shrubby trefoil, of the rue
family, Rutacee. You must have met this tree several
times before on your rambles in the lower sections
of the Park, and their leaves, made up of three leaf-
lets, are no doubt now quite familiar to you. You
remember this tree has wafer-shaped, elm-like seeds,
and that it is from this resemblance of its seeds to
the seeds of the elm that it has been named Ptelea
(Greek for elm). The tree flowers in terminal white
cymes, which are rather open, in June. Off to the
east of the hop-tree quartet here, is quite a goodly
company of bald cypresses again, foot-set by the mar-
gin of the Lake. It is worth a trip here to see these
trees in October. Then their feathery masses have

228

turned to the softest shades of old gold and crimson-
bronze. The Walk, here, flings off to the left a little
side-shoot of path, down close to the Lake. In its
southerly corner, a couple of young shadbushes have
taken firm root, and stand in easy position for you to
take a good look at, what always seems to me, their
especial mark of beauty—their handsomely streaked
bark. You can pick them out in winter by this mark-
ing. See, too, their pretty pointed buds. These are
not quite so finely pointed as the beech tree’s buds,
but they are very well turned, and beautiful in their
way. An Arbor arches the Walk, just beyond, and
east of it, is European white birch. Beyond the Arbor,
close by the margin of the Lake, you will see more
European alders. Try to see them in spring when
they veil themselves with the soft dull crimson of
their stamen-bearing catkins. These catkins are like
long slender pencils, and the anthers (the pollen-bear-
ing parts of the stamens) are clustered beneath the
bracts of these “pencils.” They are very interesting
trees at this time of the year, and glow with a beauty
all their own, while as yet most of the trees are bare
of leaf or flower. How few people ever see the flow-
ers of the trees! Why is it?

The Walk runs on to the south, and at the end of
the Lake here bends around in a hook, following the
trend of the Lake-shore, to the Concourse. It wan-
ders past more tree alders, swamp white oak, sweet
gum, and clusters of bald cypresses. Where the hook
swings around to the northeast, near the Carriage Con-
course, you will find, in the point of the bed which

229

lies between the Walk and the Drive, a lusty young
cockspur thorn, with long sharp thorns and shining,
thick, glossy, wedge-obovate leaves. Beyond the cock-
spur thorn, also between Walk and Drive, on your
right, as you go toward the Carriage Concourse, is,
a good young scarlet-fruited hawthorn or white thorn,
as it is often called, with light green, tender, dully-
finished leaves, which are rather regularly cut along
the margins, into very small lobes. In shape these
leaves are broad-ovate. You can find the tree easily
by its leaves and thorns. It stands just this side
(south) of an osage orange. The osage orange has
reddish-brown, rough bark, and rather sweeping
branches, beset with spines in the axils of its leaves.
Both trees are near the end of the bed bordering the
right of the Walk, and almost in line with the tongue
of ground between the two Drives, as they join each
other to form the Carriage Concourse, about the foun-
tain used for watering horses. Speaking of this tongue
of ground, on its north-westerly corner there is a fine
display of the wild red osier, and, on its north-easterly
corner, a large mass of the small-leaved syringa.

Let us now follow right around this Concourse. Just
after passing the scarlet-fruited thorn and the osage
orange, the Walk sends off a little side-shoot, to the
left, down the bank, west, to a cosy little Summer
House by the Lake. Just as it turns off, you will
find a very interesting syringa. It is interesting be-
cause, as a rule, the stamens in the centre of the
white-petaled blossoms of syringa are golden yellow,
these are creamy white and mark the shrub as one of

230

the variety nivalis, or white (snowy) stamened syringa.
Across from this syringa is red maple. If you ga
down the short arm of Walk here, you will pass, on
your right, Rose of Sharon, and, beyond it, European
white birch. Close by the little Summer House on
the border of the Lake are a couple of handsome Tur-
key oaks, with dark, heavily-ridged bark. Well out
on your right, as you come down this arm of Walk,
off from the Rose of Sharon, you will find a large
mass of the Hercules’s Club or Devil’s Walking Stick.
You will have no trouble in recognizing them, for they
are literally covered with spines and prickles. Surely
they are well named. They have long leaves which
are pinnately, and often twice or thrice pinnately com-
pound. The leaflets are ovate and pointed. In Au-
gust this shrub blooms in large conspicuous panicles
of greenish-white flowers which are succeeded, in
September, by small crimson, five-ribbed berries. The
mass here is thriving surely, and makes a decided dis-
play at its time of bloom. But you must see it in win-
ter if you want to get the glory of its spines.

Come back now to the Concourse and continue its
circuit. Two Walks lead off from the northerly side
of the Concourse. Near the westerly, a fine cut-leaved
beach will be found, near the left-hand corner. In the
right-hand corner of this westerly branch you will find
Rhodotypos, with which you are now familiar. Next
to the Rhodotypos, east of it, by the border of the Walk,
is sweet syringa, and next to this is an interesting shrub
which you will do well to see in July. This is our
native buttonbush, and in July it is a curious sight,

231
covered with its round, button-like balls of bloom.
These balls or heads are made up of a dense round
- cluster of separate cream-white flowers, each flower
of which is tubular, and from its narrow, four-toothed
corolla, the very long style sticks up exactly like a long,
thin pin. The whole affair looks precisely as if it were
a little round pin-cushion stuck full of golden-headed
pins. The leaves of the shrub are either opposite on the
branches or occur three together. It is certainly odd-
looking in bloom, and you should see it then. Back
(north) of the buttonbush, down the slope of the lawn
a little, looking toward the Lake, you will see the dwarf
Japan catalpa. It has leaves that are like the bean
catalpa, but are more sharply angulated, more pointed,
and less cordate. The Japan catalpa here is not over
five feet high, and you can tell it easily by these features.
In the westerly corner of the easterly branch of the
Walk, you will find scentless syringa, and opposite to it,
in the easterly corner of the Walk, is Missouri cur-
tant, which you met in the Ramble.

If you will continue now, around the circuit of the
Concourse, bending here, to the south, near the lamp-
post, just south of it, you will find the shrub called the
wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana), of Europe. It has
scurfy branches and dark-green, thick, wrinkled leaves
which are almost woolly on the undersides. These
leaves are from three to four inches long, ovate, and
with bases more or less cordate. The shrub flowers in
May, with the characteristic white flat cymes typical of
the viburnum, and these dense heads are succeeded by
bright-red, egg-shaped berries, which become blue-black

232

when they are ripe. South of this shrub, over on the
other side of the Walk (your left) you will find Catalpa
bignonioides, and diagonally across from this catalpa, -
south, on the right of the Walk, you will find purple-
leaved European hazel, which will be readily recognized
by its dark-purple leaves. South of the hazel, in the
same border bed of the Walk, you will pass cockspur
thorn, bristling with thorns and glossy with its shining
leaves. This thorn is not far from a lamp which stands
a little south of it, where the border bed on your right
narrows to a thin strip.

Let us now come back to where we branched off, by
the grounsel tree and the cottonwoods, beyond the
steps, at the beginning of this ramble, and follow the
Walk northerly, as it runs about parallel with the Drive.
You pass silver maple, opposite the lamp on your right,
and, just beyond the maple, scarlet oak. Not very much
further along this Walk you come to a nestling sheet
of water. At its southerly end you will find bald
cypress, and back of the bald cypress European white
birch. Continuing along the Walk, note the gathering
of American hotnbeams bordering the bed on your
right. You know them at once by their smooth, clean-
cut, muscle-ridged bark, streaked with silvery lines,
like veins, and by their beautiful birch-like leaves.

On either side of the cross-walk here, as it breaks
off to cross the Drive, you will see a fringe tree. They
have simple, entire leaves, oval or obovate and placed
opposite each other on the branches. See these trees in
June, when they hang full of their snow-white, fringe-
like flowers, Beyond the northerly fringe tree is a mass

233

of Rhodotypos again. Here the Walk swings around
in a graceful bend to the Seventy-second Street Gate.
Tf you go around with it, as it nears the Drive, to cross
it, close by the lamp there, which is on your left, you
will find a good sample of the black oak. The black
oak is an interesting variety of the scarlet oak. On the
lower parts of the tree the leaves somewhat resemble the
leaves of the red oak, only are much broader at the top,
with a kind of squarish outline. On the upper parts
of the tree the leaves ruin into the more typical forms of
the scarlet oak, very deeply cut along the sides, into
rounded sinuses (bays) between the thin lobes. These
lobes are bristle tipped. The oaks having their leaves
tipped with bristles ripen their acorns in the second
year, and hence are termed biennials; those without
bristles ripen their acorns within the year and, so, are
annuals.

Cross the Drive here and have a look at the Scotch
elm which rises up close beside the parapet, on the
right of the Drive. It stands near a black cherry.
You can tell it at once by its large, rough leaves.
If you do not care to go out of the Park here,
take the little arm of path that slips off to the north
from this Walk, and snuggles down close by the dream-
ing waters of a pretty little pond. On your left, in the
corner, are some osage oranges, with a handsome witch-
hazel diagonally across from them, on the right of the
Walk. The witch-hazel has large oval, lop-sided leaves
which are distinctly wavy-margined. Crossing the
little Bridge here, which is almost hidden away from
view in the embowering green, you pass, on your left,

234

just beyond the Bridge, a couple of American horn-
beams, with some white mulberries, on the point that
juts out into the water, to the west of them. Then you
pass white pine, and, beyond, but on your right this
time, spicebush. Where this Walk meets the Drive
beyond, you will find some good specimens of the
pretty Mahaleb cherry, of southern Europe. One of
these stands on the southerly end of the little “island”
of shrubbery that lies in the “mouth” of the Walk here,
opposite the West Ramble Road Stop. In the point of
the border bed, on the left of the Drive, just beyond, you
will find Chinese juniper, with short, sharp, stiffish
leaves that prick like thistles if pressed by the fingers.
West of this is plume-leaved Japan arbor vite (Retin-
ospora), and along the border (southerly) of the Bridle
Path, you will find kerria, and a little west of it, on the
southerly border, a clump of the dainty Fortune’s dwarf
white spirzea, which sets its small, exquisitely-cut, tiny
little white flowers in early days of spring—almost the
first of the spirzeas to bloom.

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Explanations, Map No. 9

Common NaMer

. Cockspur Thorn.

Acanthopanax.

. Pin Oak.
. Norway Maple.

American or White Elm.

Thunberg’s Barberry.

japan Snowball.

English Oak,

Dwarf or Japan Catalpa,
Bunge’s Catalpa.

. Turkey Oak.

. European Linden.

. Josika Lilac.

. Arrowwood.

. European Wayfaring Tree.
. Ramanus

Rose, Japan

Rose.

. Mock Orange or Sweet

Syringa (Golden-
leaved).

. Japan Maple.
. Black Haw.
. American Hornbeam,

Blue Beech, Water
Beech.

. English Elm.

. European Beech.

. Weeping Willow.

. Swamp Dogwood, Silky
Dogwood. Kinnikinnik.
. American White or Gray

Birch.

. American Sycamore, But-

tonwood, Buttonball.

. Japan Storax.
. American Linden, Bass-

wood, Bee Tree, White-
wood.

. Wild Red Osier.

. Flowering Dogwood.

. Common Privet.

. Bush or Fortune’s Deut-

zia (White flowers).

. Red Cedar.

BotanicaAL NaME

Crategus crus-galli,
Aralia pentaphylla,
Quercus palustris.
Acer platanoides.
Ulmus Americana,
Berberis Thunbergit.
Viburnum plicatum.,
Quercus robur.
Catalpa Bunget.

Quercus cerris.

Tilia Europea,
Syringa Josikea.
Viburnum dentatum,
Viburnum lantana.
Rosa rugosa.

Philadelphus coronarius, var.

aurea,

Acer polymorphum.
Viburnum prumfolium,
Carpinus Caroliniana,

Ulmus campestris.
Fagus sylvatica,
Si shee Babylonica.
Cornus sericea.

Betula populifolia,
Platanus Occidentalis.
Styrax Japonica,

Tilia Americana.

Cornus stolontfera,
Cornus florida.
Ligustrum vulgare.
Deutzia crenata.

Juniperus Virginiana,

240

Common NAME

. Persian Lilac.

. Common Lilac.

. American Beech.

. American White or Gray

Birch.

. Red Maple.

. Black Cherry.

. Swiss Stone Pine.

. Chinese White Magnolia,

Yulan.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. English Oak.
. Red-flowering Horsechest-

nut.

. Common Locust.

. Common Horsechestnut.
. Scotch Elm or Wych Elm.
. European (or Siberian)

Red Osier, Red-stem-
med Dogwood, White-
fruited Dogwood.

. Kentucky Coffee Tree,
. Ailanthus

or Tree of
Heaven.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. American White Ash.

. Oriental Plane Tree.

. Tulip Tree.

. Sycamore Maple.

. Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch,

Black Birch.

. Garden Cherry, Morello

Cherry.

. Bald Cypress.
. European Linden.
. Day a

(Orange-red
flowers).

. Broad-leaved European

Linden.

. English Cork-bark Elm.
. Spanish Chestnut,
. Hop Hornbeam.

Botanical NAME

Syringa Persica.
Syringa vulgaris.
Fagus ferruginea.
Betula populifolia,

Acer rubrum.
Prunus serotina.
Pinus Cembra.
Magnolia conspicua.

Catalpa bignontoides,

Quercus robur.

4ésculus hippocastanum x
Pavia or Atsculus rubi-
cunda.

Robinia pseudacacia.

ZEsculus hippocastanum.

Ulmus Montana,

Cornus sanguinea (or alba).

Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Ailanthus glandulosus.

Populus monilifera.

Fraxinus Americana.
Platanus Orientalis.
Liriodendron tulipifera.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Betula lenta.

Prunus cerasus.

Taxodium distichum.
Tilia ee
Hemerocallis fulva.

Tilia Europea,
hylla,

Ulmus campestris ,var.suberosa

Castanea sativa (or vesca).

Ostrya Virginica,

var, plati-

IX.

EAST SEVENTY-NINTH STREET TO EAST EIGHTY-
FIFTH STREET

In this Section you will find, in their various places,
described individually at length below, excellent speci-
mens of the Japan storax, the lovely Bumald’s spirza,
which throws up its crimson heads in midsummer, red-
flowering horsechestnuts, masses of the Japan rose,
golden-leaved syringa, Japan maple with pretty star-
shaped leaves, handsome beeches and sturdy English
oaks. But let us take them up individually :—

AEsculus hippocastaneum X Pavia, or Aisculus rubi-
cunda. (Red-flowering Horsechestnut. No. 43.) If
you enter the Park at the Gate, a little south of
Transverse Road, No. 3, at East Eighty-fifth Street,
and follow the Walk eastward to the Drive, then turn
southerly along the Drive and cross it at the second
cross-walk of the path, you will find, in each corner
of the Walk, where it meets the Walk that trends by
the Reservoir, some rather slender specimens of this
beautiful hybrid between the common horsechestnut and
the red buckeye (Pavia). If you look at the leaves,
you will see that they look something like the leaves
of the common horsechestnut. But they are only ina
way similar, as you will see if you look closely at the
pointed ends of the leaflets. You see these leaflets are
all wedge-obovate and come down gradually to a point.

242

The leaflets of the common horsechestnut have a very
broad top, which rounds quite abruptly to a short point.
In late May or June these trees put out their beautiful
red blossoms in conspicuous, erect terminal racemes.
The individual flowers of the raceme are four-petaled,
with claws shorter than the calyx. Eight stamens are
folded within the clasp of the lovely rubicund petals.
The flowers are usually of a rich rose-red, scarlet, or
sometimes flesh-colored. They are succeeded by nuts
whose husks are covered with small prickles.

Castanea sativa. (Spanish Chestnut. No. 62.) Di-
rectly south of the Hamilton Statue, you will find four
trees, gathered together in the form of a rough parallel-
ogram, These are common horsechestnut, European
linden (south of the horsechestnut), common horse-
chestnut again (east of the linden), and north of this
horsechestnut you will find the Spanish chestnut. The
group here stands south of the Hamilton Statue, clear
and fair on the open lawn between the Walk and the
Drive, and a little above a line from the northwesterly
corner of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

The Spanish chestnut’s leaves are shorter than those
of our own chestnut, and are of thicker, coarser tex=
ture. They are usually from five to nine inches long,
while those of our own species run from six to ten
inches. Our own chestnut is a variety of the Spanish
stock. Its nuts are smaller, but sweeter. The leaves
of the Spanish also differ from our native chestnuts
in being slightly pubescent on the undersides. This is
when the leaves are young; as they develop they be-
come smooth (glabrous). It blooms in June, with

243

longer catkins of staminate (pollen bearing) flowers,
than our native chestnut. These long, spike-like, stam-
inate catkins of the chestnut are very beautiful, in the
height of their bloom, seeming to cover the tree with
cream-white tufts. These staminate catkins are long,
greenish spikes along which the tiny little stamen
clusters are borne, in small, close, creamy bunches.
The fertile or pistillate flowers are inconspicuous. If
you look close you will find them at the bases of the
sterile (staminate) catkins, highest on the branches, or
rather nearest the ends of the branches.

Cornus sericea. (Swainp Dogwood. Silky Dogwood.
Kinnikinnik. No. 23.) You will find a handsome mass
of this shrub on the southerly side of the Walk which
forks east and west. The west branch runs under an
Arch to follow on beside the Reservoir ; the east branch
skirts the broad and open stretch of green that beds the
southerly side of the Drive, south of the Metropolitan
Museum of Art. The most distinguishing feature of
this shrub is its leaves, which are silky, hairy or pubes-
cent, especially on the undersides. From this the shrub
is called silky dogwood. Its branchlets are purplish,
often peculiarly marked with purple above and green
below. The shrub blooms in late spring or early sum-
mer in compact, flat heads, or cymes, of white flowers.
A cyme is usually a flat cluster of flowers in which the
central flower opens first and the others after. This
blooming, or inflorescence, as it is termed botanically,
is called centrifugal, 7. e. from the center outward, and
is the distinguishing feature of the cyme. The indi-
vidual flowers in the flat-topped clusters of the shrub’s

244

bloom are white and four-petaled. These are suc-
ceeded by light-blue berries.

Spirea Bumalda. (Bumald’s Spirea. Near No. 26.)
In the burning days of July or August, look for the
deep-pink flowers of the Bumald’s spirea. To me it
always suggests the Joe Pye weed that comes upon us
with such lovely and cool delight along the dusty road-
sides of midsummer highways in the country. Its cool,
subdued hue is restful to the eye, and you can stand and
look down upon the open face of this frank little shrub
with a sense of keen refreshment, all the keener, because
the atmosphere quivers about you with the trembling
heat of a summer’s day.

This undatinted little shrub bravely spreads its rosy
plume quite near the westerly storax, by the pathside
which cuts the lawn south of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art. It is only a few feet high, and you perhaps
would scarcely notice it except when in bloom. If it
is not in flower, you can tell it by its ovate-lanceolate
leaves of about three inches in length. These leaves
are smooth and are doubly serrate, quite sharply so.
The Anthony Waterer variety of this spirza has bright
crimson flowers in close, dense heads, and is often con-
fused with the Bumalda.

Styrax Japonica. (Japan Storax. No. 26.) If you
enter at the Eighty-first Street Gate, from Fifth Ave-
nue, and follow the path along the southerly side of
the Metropolitan Museum of Art, to a point about oppo-
site the extreme southwesterly corner of the Museum,
then cross the Drive, due south, and pick up the path
again, going southerly, not very far along, you will

248

find, on youz right, and on your left, quite near the
Walk, well-grown specimens of this handsome Japan
variety of storax. The westerly one is near the Bu-
mald’s spirzea.

In June or July this pretty tree hangs its branches
full of pure waxy-white flowers, which droop in short,
loose, axillary or terminal racemes, one to four-flow-
ered. They are very beautiful, with bell-shaped corol-
las, five-lobed. The lobes spread out in rather a star-
like way. The richly yellow stamens, ten in number
(twice the number of the lobes of the corolla), are
fastened at the base of the corolla and make a beau-
tiful contrast against the pure white petals. The
leaves of this small tree are set alternately on the
branch, are smooth, ovate, or broadly-elliptic, pointed
at both ends, and are about three inches long. They are
finely serrated. When young the leaves have stellate
hairs. The flowers are succeeded by small, round, dry
drupes in autumn,

While studying the storax here, it may be well to
note that the pretty halesia or silverbell tree, which
you have met so many times on these rambles, is of the
same family. The halesia, which by the way, gets
its name from Setphen Hales, a writer on vegetable
physiology, carries its flowers, also, from the axils of
the leaves. It is interesting to note the family rela-
tionship of the trees and shrubs as you study them. If
you will do this, it will add great enjoyment to your
investigations.

You will find another storax on the edge of the
Drive, southwest of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

246

It is on the southerly side of the Drive and stands in
between a basswood, on the east, and a cluster of
Japan snowballs on the west. The Japan snowballs have
thick, roundish, wrinkled leaves. The basswood large
heart-shaped (cordate) leaves.

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Explanations, Map No. 10

Common Name

. Scotch Pine.

2. Hackberry, Sugarberry

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Nettle Tree.

. Red Mulberry.

. European Larch.

. Osage Orange.

. Nordmann’s Silver Fir.
. Oriental Spruce.

. Cockspur Thorn.

. Fontanesia.

. Indian

Currant, Coral

Berry.

. Plume-leaved Japan Ar-

bor Vite.

. Austrian Pine.
. Golden Plume-leaved

Japan Arbor Vite.

. Chinese Juniper.
. Globe Flower, Japan Rose

or Kerria (Double
flowered).

. American or White Elm.
. Pin Oak.
. Common Swamp _ Blue-

berry, High-bush Blue-
berry.

. Cephalotaxus.

. European White Birch.
. Hemlock.

. Black Haw.

. Prostrate Juniper.

. Giant Arbor Vite.

. Shagbark Hickory.

. Red Maple.

. Sugar or Rock Maple.

. Bush Deutzia.

Scotch Pine.

Botanical NAME

Pinus sylvestris.
Celtis Occidentalis.

Morus rubra.

Larix Europea.
Maclura aurantiaca.
Abtes Nordmanniana.
Picea Orientalis.
Crategus crus-gallt,
Fontanesia Fortunet.
Symphoricar pos vulgaris.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa.

Pinus Austriaca.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa
aurea.

Juniperus Chinensis,

Kerria Japonica.

Ulmus Americana.
Quercus palustris.
Vaccinium corymbosum.

Cephalotaxus Fortunet.
Beluta alba.

Tsuga Canadensis.
Viburnum prunifolium.
Juniperus prostrata,
Thuya gigantea.

Carya alba.

Acer rubrum.

Acer saccharinum,
Deutzia crenata,

Pinus sylvestris.

252

Common NAME

. Thunberg’s Barberrv. *
. Cut-leaved Wy epns Euro-

pean White Birch.

. Norway Maple.

. Norway Spruce,

. Bhotan Pine.

. Panicled Dogwood.

. Panicled Dogwood.

. American White Ash.

. Tree Box or Boxwood.

. Bayberry, Wax Myrtle.

. Chinese Golden Larch.

. Plume-leaved Japan Ar-

bor Vite.

. Ninebark.
. Holly-leaved Barberry,

Oregon Barberry, Ash-
berry.

. Mugho Pine.

. Japan Cedar.

. Bald Cypress.

. Eastern Arbor Vite.

. Cephalotaxus.

. Black Cherry.

. Douglas Spruce.

. Red Cedar.

. Colorado Blue Spruce.

. Weeping European Larch.
. European White Birch.

. American white or Gray

Birch.

. Japan Arbor Vite (Var-

iety squarrosa).

. Swiss Stone Pine.
. American or White Elm.
. Globe Flower, Japan Rose

or Kerria

(Double-
flowered).

. Moss Pink or Ground

Pink.

. Weeping Golden Bell or

Forsythia.

. Japan Yew.

BotanicaL NAME

Berberis Thunbergit.

Betula alba, var. pendula lac-
antata,

Acer platanoides.

Picea excelsa.

Pinus excelsa,

Cornus paniculata.

Cornus paniculata.

Fraxinus Americana,

Buxus sempervirens,

Myrica cerijera,

Pseudolarix Kempfert.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pistfera, var. plumosa.

Pie Bes (or Spirea) opu-
tfolia,

Mahonia aquifolia.

Pinus Montana, var. Mughus.
Cryptomeria Japonica.
Taxodium Distichum.

Thuya (or Biota) Orientalis,
Cephalotaxus Fortunet,
Prunus serotina.
Pseudotsuga Douglasii,
Juniperus Virginiana.

Picea pungens.

Larix Europea, var. pendula.
Betula alba.

Betula populiolia.
Chamecyparis (or Retinos-

pora) pisifera, var. squar-
rosa.

Pinus Cembra.

Ulmus Americana,

Kerria Japonica, var. flore

pleno
Phlox ub ulata.
Forsythia suspensa.

Taxus adpressa.

67.
68.

253

Common NAME

. White Pine.

. Cedar of Lebanon.

. English Yew.

. Lovely Azalea, partly sur-

rounded by mass of

Lily of the Valley Tree.
Lily of the Valley Tree.
High-bush _ Blueberry,

Swamp Blueberry.

. Catesby’s Andromeda.

. Cephalonian Silver Fir.
. Turkey Oak.
. American Sycamore, But-

tonwood, Buttonball.

. European Bird Cherry.
. *Procumbent Juniper.

. Paper or Canoe Birch.
. Reeve’s Spirea.
. Ailanthus

or Tree of

Heaven.

. Adam’s Needle.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Tartarian Honeysuckle.

. Douglas’s Spirea.

. Irish Yew.

. Van Houtte’s Spirea.

. Norway Maple.

. Scaled Juniper.

. Swamp Dogwood, Silky

Dogwood, Kinnikinnik.

. Paper Mulberry.
. European Purple Beech.

. Honey Locust.
. European Hornbeam.
. Rosemary-leaved Willow.

. Oleaster or Wild Olive

Tree.

. Cup Plant.
. Tartarian Honeysuckle

(White flowers).

. Lombardy Poplar.

Botanica, Name

Pinus strobus.

Cedrus Libant,

Taxus baccata,

Azalea amena and Andro-
meda floribunda.

Andromeda floribunda,
Vaccinium corybosum.

Andromeda (or Leucothoé)
Catesbet.

Abtes Cephalonica.

Quercus cerris.

Platanus Occidentalis.

Prunus padus.

Juniperus communis, var, pro-
cumbens.

Betula papyrifera,

Spirea Reevesiana.

Audanthus glandulosus.

Yucca filamentosa,

Lonicera fragrantissima,
Lonicera Tartarica.

Spirea Douglasi.

Taxus baccata, var. fastigiata.
Spirea.Van Houttet.

Acer platanoides.

Juniperus squamata.

Cornus sericea.

Broussonetia papyrifera.

Fagus sylvatica, var. atropur-
purea,

Gleditschia triacanthos.

Carpinus betulus.

Salix rosmarinijolia (or in-
cana).

Eleagnus angustifolia.

Silphium perfoliatum.
Lonicera Tartarica, var. alba.

Populus dilatata.

96.
97-
98.
99.

100,
Iof,.

102,
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.

108.
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113.
114.

Img.
r16.

254

Common NAME

Dog Rose, Canker Rose,
Wild Brier.

Heather.

Lovely Azalea.

Common Snowball.
Guelder Rose.

Savin Juniper.

Dwarf Cranberry.

High-bush Cranberry.

Shrubby Cinquefoil.

Oriental Spruce.

Oleaster or Wild Olive
Tree.

Evergreen Thorn, Fire
Thorn,

te Yew (Variety
Elegantissima),

Scotch Elm, Wych Elm.

Dee Rose, Canker Rose,

ild Brier.

Japan Holly.
‘uropean Larch.

Purple-flowering Rasp-
berry.

Alternate-leaved Dog-
wood.

Smoke Tree.

Buttonbush.

Reeve’s Spirza.

Botanica, NAME

Rosa canina.

Calluna vulgaris.
Azalea amena,
Viburnum opulis, var. sterilis.

‘uniperus sabina,
aburnum opulis (or oxycoc-
cus), var. nanum.
Viburnum opulis (or oxycoc-
cus).
Potentilla fruticosa.
Picea Orientalis.
Eleagnus angustifolia.

Crategus pyracantha,

Taxus baccata, var, elegantis-
sima.

Ulmus Montana.

Rosa canina.

Ilex crenata.
Larix Europea.
Rubus odoratus.

Cornus alternifolia.
Rhus cotinus.

Cephalanthus Occidentalis,
Spirea Reevesiana,

X.

WEST SEVENTY-NINTH STREET TO WEST EIGHTY-
SIXTH STREET

In this Section you will find many interesting things.
In a way, all its own, it is, I think, one of the most at-
tractive parts of the Park. It is especially so along the
Walk by the Reservoir, where you meet the beautiful
Chinese golden larch, the interesting Japan cedar, the
Cedar of Lebanon, and many others.

Enter at the West Eighty-first Street Gate, take the
Walk at your right, and proceed to the Swiss Cottage.
Almost as you enter, you pass a good osage orange, on
the right of the Walk. The lawn here swells up in a
gentle rise of velvet and, crowning its ridge, a gnarled
old hackberry twists its branches. You have, no doubt,
by this time learned to know this tree on sight, from its
trunk alone, covered as it is with warty ridges and
knobs. Just to the northeast of this tree you will find
an excellent specimen of the red mulberry, with large,
thick leaves, which are rough on the uppersides, and
of a dull, darkish green. How different these are from
the bright, glossy, green leaves of the white mulberry.
You can tell this tree easily by its leaves, which are of
the true mulberry cut, mitten shaped, with and without
thumbs. Off to the east of the red mulberry, you will
see European larch, full of its black cones. On your
left, you will find, opposite a lamp-post by the Drive,

256

several small Nordmann’s silver firs. You know them
readily by their leaves, narrow, linear, about an inch
long, with a small but very distinct cut or notch at the
tip, and with fine, silvery lines on the undersides. Near
the point of the Walk with the fork beyond, you will
see another evergreen. It is the fourth from the end
here and is a fair specimen of Oriental spruce. Note
the difference between a leaf of this tree and a leaf of
the Nordmann. The leaf of the spruce is four-sided,
the leaf of the fir is fat. This is one of the chief points
of difference between the spruce and the fir. The foli-
age of the Oriental spruce is dark green. Its leaves
are very short, quarter of an inch, blunt and stubby.
Next to the spruce you pass cockspur’ thorn, then
Fontanesia, with willow-like leaves, and, in the angle
of the fork made by the junction of the Walks, coral-
berry or Indian currant.

Continuing to the southeast, where this Walk crosses
the Drive, you will find, on your left, European white
birch; on your right, Cephalotaxus. Look at the un-
dersides of these leaves. You see they are distinctly
whitish. This is one of its distinguishing marks, by
which you can immediately tell it from the English
yew, the leaves of which its leaves closely resemble.
The undersides of the yew’s leaves are yellowish green.

Cross the Drive, and take up the Walk, south, to the
crossing that leads to the Swiss cottage. Just as you
cross here to the Cottage, you have on your left, in the
point of the bed between Walk and Drive, a good sized
Austrian pine and a mass of beautiful Reeve’s spirza
with rather lanceolate leaves,

FE ON ‘ol depy

(osjo9¥9 SnuLy) INIG NVLOHG

257

At the Swiss Cottage follow the Walk that runs
northerly beside the Drive. It will lead you by many
beautiful things. In the rather long oval bed, in front
of the Swiss Cottage, at its southerly end, you will see
a well grown Norway maple, and near it a cut-leaved
European white birch, with beautifully cut leaves. On
the left of the Walk, set in the border bed between the
Walk and the Drive, almost opposite the northerly end
of the oval bed which we have just spoken of, in front
of the Swiss Cottage, you will see several rather upright
bushes. Their leaves at once tell you that they belong
to the dogwood family. Their upright form of growth
might lead you to suppose that they were Cornus stricta,
but they are not. They areC. paniculata, Note the whit-
ish undersides of their leaves, which distinguishes them
at once from C. stricta, whose undersides are greenish
and not whitish. As you pass on, to the north, when
you have come about midway between the panicled
dogwood and the rock mass which comes down close
to the Walk, ahead, on your right, take a good look at
the handsome evergreen which stands back (east) a
little and out upon the lawn. It is a splendid example
of the Bhotan pine—one of the handsomest, if not the
handsomest, specimen of its kind in the Park. It is
nobly formed, with great broad reaches of boughs that
are superb. The fine long leaves of this tree are so
responsive to every breath of breeze that they are
almost constaritly in motion, rippling the sunlight in
continuous waves of silvery sheen. The trunk of this
tree has a noticeable tilt which gives it a leaning look,
and which will easily mark it for you. Close by the

258

rock mass at the right of the Walk beyond, is a sturdy
white or American ash. What a handsome strong
bark it has! Do you catch the lozenge-like cut of its
plates, made by the cross run of the ridges? If there
is one tree that has a distinctive bark, it is our white ash.
On the other side (northerly) of the rock, still on the
right of the Walk, you will find a hale old hackberry,
and beside it a good mass of box. Here the Walk be-
gins to bend to the right (east) to meet the fork of
the Walk that has run down close by the Reservoir.
This is a lovely little spot in here and one which appeals
to you strongly ; for it holds many very beautiful things.
Here, tall and conical Retinosporas, of the lovely plume-
leaved variety, rear their forms; here the wax-berry
and the Japan cedar will be found; the Chinese golden
larch and many others. But let us hunt them out.

The tree here of especial interest is the Chinese gol-
den larch. It is called Pseudolarix Kempferi. The
designation Pseudolarix (false larch) has been put
upon the tree by botanists, because it has the deciduous
trick of larch, in dropping its leaves, but has not the
larch habit of holding its cone. The cone of the larch
proper is persistent, that is, clings as whole to its
branch. The cone of the Pseudolarix is not at all
persistent, but falls away in broken scales, like the
cones of the firs... And speaking of these cones of
the Pseudolarix, I do not think I have ever seen
lovelier. They are like wax roses. You will have
no difficulty in identifying the tree, for its leaves are
very distinctive. These are gathered together in very
pretty rosette-like clusters, and are noticeably saber-

CuinesE GoLtpen Larcu (Pseudolarix Kempfert)

Map 10. No. qo.

‘cr ON ‘or dey

[pyofyndo (vxsids 40) sndipsosty gq] NXVIININ

259

shaped. They are about two inches long, flat, and
linear, and are gently curved, like miniature sabers.
They are of a pale green, when they first come out,
in the spring, very beautiful to behold, but get a little
darker, as the season advances. In the autumn they
turn a pale golden yellow, whence the name, golden
larch. Being of the larch character, the tree drops
its leaves, and this occurs just after they have turned
to their beautiful golden hue. See the tree then by
all means. It is very beautiful.

Right in the angle of the fork of the Walk here,
you will find ninebark. Diagonally across from it, to
the southwest, near the west border of the Walk (the
one forming the left branch of the fork here), you
will find bayberry or wax-myrtle. It is easily known
by its leaves, which are very fragrant. Rub them,
and then smell of your fingers. The leaves are lance-
oblong and are entire, generally. As they grow older,
they become glossy on the uppersides. Clustered in
a noticeable way along its branches, you will find the
berry which gives the shrub its name—bayberry or
wax-myrtle. They are clustered together in little
bunches. The berries themselves are not very large—
smaller than small peas, and are all crusted over with
greenish-white wax. The shrub belongs to the sweet
gale family, Myricacee.

Diagonally across from the ninebark again, but to
the northwest, close by the westerly side of the Walk,
just beyond the fork, is a good specimen of the Japan
cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica), which you met with,
down in the Rambie. Note their four-sided, stiffish,

260

curved leaves, which, sessile at the base, taper grad-
ually down to a sharp tip. Directly opposite the
Cryptomeria, you will find Mugho pine, with thick,
short leaves about two inches long, stiff, dark green,
twisted, two together in a sheath or fascicle. The
Mugho is on the right of the Walk.

As you go northerly, you pass Mahonia, with holly-
like leaves, and back of it, a handsome mass of Cephalo-
taxus, with leaves whitish on the undersides. Back
of this (east of it) stands Thuya (or Biota) Orien-
talis, with small leaves, pressed flat, of a bright green
hue. These leaves are rhombic - egg - shaped, sharp-
pointed, and have a small gland on the back. The
tree is tall and rather thin of foliage. At the next
fork of the Walk, is red cedar, on the right, and Ret-
inospora plumosa, on the left.

It is worth your while, here, to turn off, for a
moment, and follow the branch that slips off to the
left, under the arch beneath the Drive, to see the
Thuya gigantea and the rich mass of prostrate juniper,
both on the westerly border of the Bridle Path, south
of the Arch. You can locate them easily by the map.
The Thuya has leaves larger than the common Amer-
ican arbor vite, and the juniper should be seen in
winter. Then it is of a rich velvety dark green. The
mass here creeps and trails over rocks, close by the
Bridle Path, and its color is truly beautiful. It is
close by a black haw.

Continue now, northerly, along the Walk by the
Reservoir. Almost in line with the first lamp on the
Bridle Path (see the map) is white pine. This is

Sh ON ‘or deyy

(polu0dps disomojghay) Avaay Nvav[

261

close by the westerly border of the Walk. A little
beyond the pine, north, is a cluster of three. The
first is white ash; the second, plumosa; the third is
Taxus adpressa. The Taxus stands midway west of
the ash and the plumosa. It has very closely ap-
pressed leaves. In line with the next lamp on the
Bridle Path, close by the Walk, is Cedar of Lebanon.
You can know it by its leaves, which are gathered in
rosette-like bundles. The individual leaves are sharp-
pointed, needle-like and quite stiff. Beyond, a little
back on the lawn, are two beautiful golden-leaved
varieties of the plume-leaved Retinospora. At the
next fork, there is an interesting triangle. At its
southerly corner is Nordman’s silver fir; at its east-
erly, Chinese juniper, with stiff, sharp leavés; at its
westerly, a beautiful Retinospora squarrosa. The
squarrosa gets its name from the rather square-like
way its soft leaves grow out from the branch. It is
a beautiful shrub, with soft silvery green foliage. In
winter it often turns, in parts, a delicate copperish or
reddish bronze which is very beautiful through its
silvery green. There is another mass of this, just
across the Walk, at the north, back of the Yucca.
Across from the squarrosa in the west angle of the
triangle here, you will find Van Houtte’s spirzea, and
back of this spirzea, a fair specimen of the Douglas
spirea, with reddish brown branches, and leaves
densely white on the undersides.

Continue along the Walk, to the Drive Crossing
above, cross the Drive, and take the Walk that leads
to Bolivar Hill. On the way, near the next fork of

262

the Walk, you pass a fine display of paper mulberries.
These lean out from the rock, off to the south of the
Walk, and are very handsome with their gray banded
bark and curiously cut leaves. The one at the easterly
end of the large rock here is very handsome. Note
the bands of darker hue on their bark. Southeast of
this rock, out upon the lawn, you will find a splendid
mass of the scaled juniper. It is a low, trailing
growth, and is about in line with a white pine, on the
east, and a lamp by the Bridle Path, on the west.
You will know it easily by its low, trailing growth,
and thick moss-like foliage. Its leaves are small,
linear-lanceolate, sharp-pointed, and convex on the
outer sides. They are glaucous on the undersides;
green on the uppersides. These leaves are generally
in threes, and rather loosely pressed together. This
gives the branches a pretty, tufty appearance. The
mass here is very handsome, and it is thriving in a
way that delights your heart. This is the same kind
of low juniper you met near the Terrace, on its west-
erly ridge.

At the fork of the Walk, beyond the paper mul-
berries, you will find Austrian pines, and off to the
left of the one on the east of the Walk, you will come
upon a lusty young purple beech. Where this branch
of Walk (the left one) meets the Drive, an American
hornbeam stands in the left corner, and a honey locust
in the right. Cross the Drive and take up the path
again toward Bolivar Hill. On your left, near the
corner of the Walk here, just after you have crossed
the Drive, you will see some low shrubs with very

‘QoL ‘ON ‘Ol deyy

(DUDISI2IIY DDAIdS) VENUS S$, AAqIy

Swiss Stone Pine (Pinus Cembra)
Map 10. No. 37.

263

thin, narrow leaves. If you look at these leaves closely,
you will see that their margins are slightly rolled
over (revolute). They are Rosemary-leaved willows,
some handsome examples of which you met down on
Section No. 5, near the Conservatory Lake. In the
angle of the fork, beyond, is Tartarian honeysuckle
which blooms with white flowers. This is variety
alba, On the left, as you turn to go south, toward
Bolivar Hill, you pass some young Lombardy poplars,
with close-hugged branches and small, broad-deltoid
leaves.

Continue on this Walk, up the Hill, and, on the
right of the Walk (west), about opposite the Bolivar
Statue, you will see a goodly cluster of common snow-
balls. Where the arm of Drive comes in here, at the
north, in its southwest corner, you will find Rosa
canina, the Dog Rose, Canker Rose, or Wild Brier.
Its leaflets are five to seven, obtuse at base and tip,
of an oval shape, and about an inch and a half long.
They are of rather thickish texture, smooth above, and
frequently downy on the undersides. The flowers,
light pink, occur solitary or in clusters of threes. The
hips are about three-quarters of an inch long, egg-
shaped, and of a brilliant orange-red, often scarlet.
The shrub’s recurving branches are beset with hooked
prickles. Off to the northeast of the Dog Rose, trail-
ing down over the east side of this arm of Drive, is
another rich mass of the scaled juniper. A lamp stands
on the east border of the Drive encircling Bolivar
Statue, about opposite the Dog Rose. Close by this
lamp is a sturdy Colorado blue spruce. Follow this

264

border of the Drive, southerly, and a little southeast,
of Bolivar Statue, on the border, you will find Ele-
agnus angustifolia, the oleaster, with entire, lanceolate
leaves which have a very distinctive silvery cast
through their pale gray green. You have met a good
specimen of this on Section No. 2. Down the slope
of the Hill here, a little east of the place where the
Drive makes its exit from around Bolivar Statue to
the south, you will find fire-thorn, a specimen of which
you met down near the Sheepfold, on Section No. 4.
On the border of the bed, to the south of Bolivar
Statue, are clustered close together, Juniperus sabina;
Viburnum opulis (or oxyccocus), var. nanum; Vi-
burnum opulis (or oxyccocus), and Potentilla fruti-
cosa. The savin juniper here (sabina), is a trailing
one, with dark green, slightly spreading, awl-shaped,
sharp-pointed leaves. It is a native of the Alps, the
Pyrenees, and Canada. Southwest of this juniper
is the dwarf cranberry bush (Viburnum opulis, var.
nanum) with small leaves and of rather compact form;
almost due east of this is shrubby cinquefoil (Poten-
tilla fruticosa), and directly north of this, close by
the border of the open space of Drive which encircles
the Bolivar Statue, is the high bush cranberry. This
has more name than height. You can tell it by its
leaves, which are distinctly three-lobed and three-
nerved (veined).

As the Drive makes its exit at the south of the
little concourse about the Bolivar Statue, it winds
slowly down the Hill to meet the main West Drive.
Near its junction with the Drive, there is a handsome

CEDAR OF LEBANON (Cedrus Libani)
Map 10. No, 64.

265

Cedar of Lebanon. This beautiful tree spreads out
its darkly foliaged boughs, just east of a good-sized
white ash, with a low dense mass of the elegantissima
variety of the English yew, to the north of it, and a
pretty, lusty young fire-thorn south of it.

If you should follow the Walk from the south of
the Bolivar Concourse, at the place where it bends
around quite quickly in a curve to the east, you will
pass a cluster of European larches on your left, with
an Oriental spruce on your right. The larches have
black persistent cones clinging amid their branches,
and rosette-like clusters of leaves. These leaves are
about an inch long, are soft, flat and linear, and of a
light tender green, very beautiful in spring. The
spruce has stout, thick, obtuse, four-sided leaves which
are scarcely a quarter of an inch long. So you can
make no mistake about these trees.

At the next fork of the Walk, turn to your right,
and go southerly to the next branch, which is at the
Drive Crossing, not far from the Eighty-first Street
Gate, where we entered for this ramble. At the Drive
Crossing, in either corner of the Walk there, you will
find large masses of the pretty Fontanesia, easily rec-
ognized by its willow-like leaves. The Fontanesia be-
longs to the Oleacee family and as has been said before,
gets its name from Desfontaines, a French botanist,
born 1752 and died 1833. The shrub has opposite,
narrow, willow-like leaves, which are entire. It is a
Chinese importation and, in the Park here, is certainly
thriving. It blooms in May or June in short panicles
at the ends of the branches. The panicles are made up

266

of cream-white, perfect flowers, with four petals. To
the west of the westerly Fontanesia is a good clump of
Van Houtte’s spirea, and with this we will end our
ramble over this Section.

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Explanations, Map No. 11

Common NAME

Day Lily (Orange-red
flowers).
Kentucky Coffee Tree.

. Sycamore Maple.
. Honey Locust.

English Hawthorn.

. Scotch Elm.

Common Barberry.

. Pin Oak.
. English Elm.
. Smooth-leaved English

Elm.

. Turkey Oak.
. European Silver Linden.

Botanicat NAME
Hemerocallis fulva.

Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Gleditschia triacanthos.
Crategus oxyacantha.
Ulmus Montana.
Berberis vulgaris.
Quercus palustris.
Ulmus campestris.
Ulmus campestris, var. levis
(or glabra).
Quercus cerrts.
Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba).

XI.
EAST NINETIETH STREET AND VICINITY.

There is nothing in this Section which you have not
met before, if you have followed the rambles in the
earlier part of this book, but there are some things
here worthy of your notice as you pass along the
Walks.

As you enter at the East Ninetieth Street Gate, and
take the Walk, at your right, which runs northerly
beside the Drive, you will pass beneath a splendid
colonade of sycamore maples. Almost the whole
stretch of the Walk, up to where it bends away to
the west, is lined with these maples, and they are in
fine condition. Note the thick, five-lobed leaves, with
their reddish (usually, though not always) leaf-stems
(petioles).

Directly in front (west) of the Ninetieth Street
Gate, there is a bed between Drive and Bridle Path.
On the southerly end of this bed you will find sycamore
maple and common barberry; at its northerly end
sycamore maple again. Down at the extreme south
of this area (see the map), on the westerly border of
the Drive, nearly opposite Eighty-seventh Street, you
will see a pretty clump of the day lily (Hemerocallis
fulva), which blooms in late July or early August
with orange-hued flowers. You can readily recognize
it by its leaves which, bending and lance-like, make
you think of thick sedge grass. There is another
clump of this down on Section No. 9, near the border
of the Drive.

“36 WEST 90™ ST,
=<} AND VICINITY

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Explanations, Map No. 12

Common Name

. Chinese Cork Tree.
. Black Haw.
. Ninebark.

. Lombardy Poplar.
. Cut-leaved Weeping Euro-

pean White Birch.

; dee Shadbush.

apan Snowball.

. Thunberg’s or Japan Bar-

berry.

. Wild Red Osier.
. Austrian Pine.
. Plume-leaved Japan Ar-

bor Vite.

. Weigela.

. Reeve’s Spirea.

. Tree Box or Boxwood.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Kentucky Coffee Tree.

. White Pine

. American White or Gray

Birch.

. Scotch Pine.

. Norway Maple.

. Yellow Pine.

. Bhotan Pine.

. Turkey Oak.

. Siberian Pea Tree.

. Cockspur Thorn.

. Large-thorned Hawthorn.
. English Hawthorn.

. Common Quince.

. Red or

River Birch,
Black Birch.

. Chinese Juniper.
. Sea Buckthorn.

BoTaNnicaL NAME

Phellodendron Amurense.

Viburnum prunifolium.

Physocarpus (or Spirea) opu-
afolia.

Populus dilatata.

Betula alba, var, pendula la-
ciniata.

Amelanchier Japonica,

Viburnum Fae le

Berberts Thunbergit.

Cornus stolonifera.

Pinus Austriaca,

Chamecyparis (or. Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa,

Drervilla grandiflora.

Spirea Reevesiana.

Buxus sempervirens.

Lonicera fragrantissima,

Gymnocladus Canadensis,

Pinus strobus.

Betula populijolia,

Pinus sylvestris.

Acer platanoides.
Pinus mitts.

Pinus excelsa.
Quercus cerris.
Caragana arborescens.
Crategus crus-gallt,
Crategus macracantha,
Crategus oxyacantha,
Cydonia vulgaris.
Betula nigra.

Juniperus Chinensis.
Hippophaé rhamnoides.

274

Common NAME

. Shadbush, June Berry or

Service Berry.

. Ginkgo Tree. :

. Nordmann’s Silver Fir.

. English Yew.

. Tulip Tree.

. Mugho Pine.

. White Mulberry.

. Norway Spruce.

. Swamp White Oak.

. Indian Currant or Coral

Berry.

. Red Maple.
. Holly-leaved nage

Oregon Barberry, As
berry.

. Golden Plume-leaved

Japan Arbor Vite.

. Oriental Plane Tree.

. Common Horsechestnut.
. European White Birch.

. American White Ash.

. Common Swamp _ Blue-

berry, High-Bush Blue-
be:

. American Arbor Vite.

. European White Birch.

. Black Cherry.

. Tree Box, Boxwood.

. Paulownia.

. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. Prostrate English Yew.

Pin Oak.

. European Ash.

. Sassafras.

. Red Oak.

. Sycamore Maple.
. Rhodotypos.

Botanica NaME
Amelanchter Canadensis,

Salisburia adiantijolia.

Abies Nordmanniana.

Taxus baccata.

Liriodendron tuliptfera.
Pinus Montana, var. Mughus,
Morus alba.

Picea excelsa.

Quercus bicolor.
Symphoricarpos vulgaris.

Acer rubrum.
Mahonta aquijolia.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa
aurea.

Platanus Orientalis.

4ésculus hippocastanum,

Betula alba.

Fraxinus Americana.

Vaccinium corymbosum,

Thuya Occidentalis.
Betula alba.

Prunus serotina,
Buxus sempervirens.
Paulownia imperialis.
Catalpa bignontotdes.

Taxus baccata, var. prostrata.
Quercus palustris.

Fraxinus excelsior.

Sassafras officinale.

Quercus rubra.

Acer pseudoplatanus.
Rhodotypos kerriodes.

XII.

WEST NINETIETH STREET AND VICINITY

As you take the Walk at West Ninetieth Street,
southerly side of the Drive, and follow it around to
where it passes under the Drive through an Archway,
you will have a good chance to examine Chinese cork
trees, for there are some specimens of them on the
right of the Walk, just as it descends to pass beneath
the Arch. You can know them by their long, com-
pound leaves, which closely resemble those of the
ailanthus. If you pass through the Arch and follow
this path around to the junction with the Drive Walk,
at ite junction, in the left or northwest corner, stand-
ing close together, you will find a good-sized red birch,
with rough bark and rhombic ovate leaves, and a
Chinese juniper with stiff, sharp-pointed, awl-shaped
and scale-shaped (on some of its branchlets) leaves.
They are both interesting studies.

Across the Drive from these, a little south of east,
close by the border of the Drive itself, you will find
sea buckthorn, a tall, sparse shrub, with very small,
narrow leaves which are grayish green on the upper-
sides, but silvery beneath. There are also, generally,
reddish scales on the undersides. In May the shrub
puts out its small, two to three-clustered, yellowish
flowers, and these change into bitter orange berries,

276

which are ripe in September. If you look on the
branches of this shrub you will find them often armed
with small thorns.

Follow the Walk that runs nearly parallel with the
Drive, northerly, climbing an easy rise of ground, over
several series of rock-cut steps. At the west of the
last steps a handsome gingko stands with its up-
stretched branches and beautiful fan-shaped leaves.
Just beyond this, the Walk swells out into a little bay.
Along its easterly side are tall, conical masses of the
plume-leaved Japan arbor vite, with lovely plume-
like leaves. I do not think that any other of the
Retinosporas can compare with this one, for fineness
of leaves. They are delicacy itself. Over in the
northwesterly bend of the bay you will find a fair-
sized Nordmann’s silver fir. This you can know by
its leaves—flat, linear, notched distinctly at the ends,
and marked with silvery lines on the undersides.

Beyond this Retinospora-lined path, the Walk sends
off a short arm to the east, to cross the Drive toward
the Reservoir, and a little north of the place where it
branches off, you will find, on the west of the Walk,
your right, a splendid type of the Bhotan pine. This
is a lovely tree. Its slender leaves seem to hang in
tassels or bunches, and the light quivers and shimmers
over them at every breath of breeze. They seem ever
rippling with this tremulous play of light when the
sunshine and the breeze are upon them, and the effect
is certainly very beautiful. Sometimes if you stand
off and look at the tree, as a whole, it seems to be
letting fall a continuous cascade of rippling gold and

277

silver. This is the peculiar charm of the Bhotan, and
is due to its very long (ten inches or more) needles
which are so fine and slender that they dance at the
slightest zephyr. These leaves are five in a fascicle
or bundle.

Continue along this Walk until it next meets the
Drive. In its left-hand corner, close by the Drive,
you will see a low, sprawling growth. Its flat, pointed,
two-ranked leaves, dark green above, yellowish-green
on the undersides, tell you it is of the English yew
stock. It is the prostrate yew, and grows in this low
sprawling, crab-like way.

Cross the Drive here and take up the Walk on the
other side. Two handsome pin oaks guard its either
corner. Follow the Walk on, to its branching, and
take the right fork, to the next branch, which sends
off its left fork to the north. In the angle of this
fork you will find Norway maple. If you take the left
(northerly) branch here, and follow it along a little,
you will pass, back from the Walk, a short distance,
up a gentle slope of bank, two ash trees. They are
interesting, because they are good types of the Amer-
ican ash and the European ash, growing side by side,
and so are easily accessible for comparison and study.
The one to the north is the American species (with
stalked leaflets), the one to the south is the European
species (with leaflets almost sessile).

Let us come back now to the West Ninetieth Street
Gate, and take the Walk that trends southerly. Al-
most as you turn off to the right, you are half hidden
by the masses of shrubberies that rise on either side of

278

the Walk. Here, set on the Walk is an “island” of
green things, with a mass of ninebark at one end
(northerly), and at the other (southerly), Japan shad-
bush and Japan snowball. These you have met with
before, and we need not linger over them. Beyond,
the Walk opens out into a broad space, close to the
Drive. The beds, between Walk and Drive, end here
in two tongues. In the northerly tongue is Reeve’s
spirza with lanceolate leaves, and in the end of the
southerly tongue is a handsome mass of box, with its
beautiful dark green leaves. South of this is a rugged
old Austrian pine with a couple of Scotch pines to the
south of it, nearer the Walk. The Scotch pines have
short, twisted leaves, the Austrian, long stiffish ones.

If you continue on this Walk, southerly, not very
much further beyond the Scotch pines, is white pine.
These are all on the left (east) of the Walk. About
the distance of the white pine from the mass of box,
just passed, as you go southerly along the Walk, you
will come, on your left, to a tall, thin looking ever-
green which seems to be just about holding its own.
It looks something like the Austrian pine, but is of
a finer expression—softer by far. It rises rather
conically, and its sprays are open, light and airy, very
different from the heavy dense masses of the Austrian’s
foliage. It is Pinus mitis, and its leaves are about
five inches long, slender and green. They are gathered
three or two (usually two) together in a fascicle.
The cone of the tree is about the size of the Austrian
cone (three inches), and looks something like it. It
has small weak prickles.

279

Follow the path still southerly, and quite a little
distance further along, where the path bends to the
Drive, you pass close by the Walk, with leaves in hang-
ing tassels that remind you of the tassels of Russian
sleighs, a handsome Bhotan pine. This is a well-
grown tree, and spreads its boughs out in a broad and
splendid shade. It is a noble tree. Note that its
leaves are five in a bundle, and long. Beyond, another
Austrian pine overshadows the Walk, and near the
place where the Walk comes in close to the Drive,
you pass several very fine specimens of the Turkey
oak. Cross the Drive, just beyond these, and take
the Walk that leads to the Bridge over the Bridle
Path. Just beyond the Drive, on the left of the Walk,
as you go easterly, is common quince. Note its leaves
and compare them with those of the Japan quince. If
you follow the Path to the Bridge, down by the Bridle
Path, close by the southerly border, are some good
examples of Crategus macracantha, with strong thorns
and oval glossy leaves. At the east of the Bridge,
down by the border of the Bridle Path, you will find
a clump of English hawthorns.

The English hawthorns are clustered close together,
just east of the Bridge which spans the Bridle Path.
A little off to west of this Bridge, close down by
the very border of the Bridle Path itself, you will find
a very handsome cockspur thorn with dark-green,
glossy, shining, thick and leathery (coriaceous) leaves
which make you think of miniature tennis racquets.
This tree fairly bristles with thorns. It stands diag-
onally across from the handsome large-thorned haw-

280

thorns that flank the southerly border of the Bridle
Path here. You can note here the different character-
istics of these two very beautiful kinds of hawthorn.
While you are here, notice the many handsome Turkey

oaks in this vicinity.

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Explanations, Map No. 13

Common NAME

. Honey Locust.
. Sycamore Maple.

Common Horsechestnut.
Red Birch, River Birch,
Black Birch.

. Weeping European Silver

Linden.
Norway Maple.
American White or Gray
Birch.

. Sugar or Rock Maple.

. American or White Elm.
. Oriental Plane Tree.

: ne Beech.

. Hac.

berry, Sugarberry,
Nettle Tree.

. Cornelian Cherry.
. American Linden, Bass-

wood, Bee Tree.

. Sweet Gum or Bilsted.
. Reeve’s Spirxa.

. Pignut Hickory.

. European Elder.

. Ramanas Rose, Japan
Rose.

. Mockernut or Whiteheart
Hickory.

. European Beech.

. Black Cherry.

. European Linden.

. Hop Hornbeam or Iron-

wood.

. English Oak.
. European Beech.
. Indian Bean Tree or

Southern Catalpa.

. Turkey Oak.

Botanical NAME

Gleditschia triacanthos,
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Atsculus hippocastanum.
Betula nigra.

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba) pendula.

Acer platanoides.

Betula popultfolia.

Acer saccharinum.

Ulmus Americana.
Platanus Orientalis.

Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea.
Celtis Occidentalts.

Cornus mascula.
Tilia Americana.

Liquidambar styraciflua.
Spirea Reevesiana.
Carya porcina.
Sambucus nigra.

Rosa rugosa.

Carya tomentosa,

Fagus sylvatica.
Prunus serotina.
Tilia Europea.
Ostrya Virginica.
Quercus robur.
Fagus sylvatica.
Catalpa bignonioides.

Quercus cerris.

286

Common NaME

. American White or Gray

Birch.

. Tulip Tree.

. European Bird Cherry.

. Witch Hazel.

. Pin Oak.

. Sassafras.

. Scarlet Oak.

. Scarlet-fruited Thorn,

White Thorn.

. Ninebark.

. Red Maple.
. Ailanthus

or Tree of

Heaven.

. Sweet Viburnum, Sheep-

berry, Nannyberry.

. Standish’s Honeysuckle.
. Hercules’s Club, Devil’s

Walking-Stick, Angel-
ica Tree.

. Silver or White Maple.
. Fragrant Honeysuckle.
. Weeping European Silver

Linden.

. European Silver Linden.

. Black Haw.

. Arrowwood.

. Red Oak.

. English Hawthorn.

. Swamp White Oak.

. Black Sugar Maple, Black

Maple.
. Sweet Birch, Black Birch,

Cherry Birch.

. Shagbark Hickory.
. Butternut.

BoTanicaL NAME
Betula populiolia.

Liriodendron tulipijera,
Prunus padus.
Hamamelis Virginiana.,
Quercus palustris.
Sassafras officinale.
Quercus coccinea.
Crategus coccinea.

Physocarpos (or Spirea) opu-
“folia.

Acer rubrum,

Ailanthus glandulosus.

Viburnum lentago.

Lonicera Standishit.
Aralia spinosa.

Acer dasycarpum.

Lonicera fragrantissima.

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba) pendula.

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba).

Viburnum pruntfolium.

Viburnum dentatum.

Quercus rubra.

Crategus oxyacantha,

Quercus bicolor.

Acer saccharinum, var. ni-
grum.

Betula lenta.

Carya alba.
Juglans cinerea,

XIII.

EAST NINETY-SIXTH STREET TO EAST ONE HUNDRED
AND SECOND STREET

As has been said before, if you have followed these
rambles, in the order of the book, you will readily
recognize most of the trees and shrubs of this Section
on sight. But there are some of them over which
you may well linger, and to these few your attention
is hereby called, in the spirit that Walton would have
invited you to a day’s angling—be in no hurry, ob-
serve quietly, and learn and love, for they are dear
fellows—all of them. Learn to know them as friends.

Acer saccharinum, var. nigrum. (Black Sugar
Maple. No. 52.) This interesting variety of the sugar
maple will be found along the Walk that branches off to
the west from the Drive, just as the Drive passes over
Transverse Road No. 4. This Walk skirts the east-
erly side of North Meadow, and runs about parallel
with East Drive. Follow this Walk along until you
come to a large mass of rock on the right (east) of
the Walk. This mass is about opposite East One
Hundredth Street, were it extended into the Park.
It is the second rock mass you meet, going northerly
on this Walk, and the black maple is just beyond it,
on the left of the Walk (west). This tree makes a
triangle with two swamp white oaks, back (west) of
it; the black maple is in the point of the triangle, and
the two swamp white oaks make its opposite side.

288

The leaves of this tree are much larger than those
of the sugar maple, and often droop conspicuously at
the ends like the leaves of the Norway maple. That
you may make no mistake about this tree, you pass,
after the rock mass spoken of above, but on your
left (the rock mass is on your right), a Turkey oak,
and, beyond it, a fine red oak. The Turkey oak has
dark, black, heavily ridged bark; the red has rather
smoothish (compared with the Turkey), smoky, or
slaty-gray bark. The leaves of the red oak are bristle-
tipped at the lobes. The lobes of the Turkey oak are
angulated.

Aralia spinosa. (Hercules’s Club. Devil’s Walk-
ing Stick. Angelica Tree. No. 42.) You will find
a small cluster of these odd looking shrubs close by
the Walk, just as it bends away from the Drive, to
the west, at the place where the Drive passes over
Transverse Road No. 4. You can pick them out easily
by the fierce spines that bristle out all over their
stems. Truly they are well named—Devil’s Walking
Stick. The leaves are quite large, compound (twice
or thrice odd-pinnate), and clustered at the ends of
the branches. The leaflets are ovate, pointed, glaucous
on the undersides, and have serrated margins. In
July or August the shrub flowers, in large, conspic-
tious panicles of many-flowered umbels—white or
greenish. These change in September to conspicuous
clusters of cool crimson berries, about quarter of an
inch in diameter. These berries are quite distinctly
five-ribbed, and are certainly very pretty to look upon
at this season (fall) of the year.

289

Fagus sylvatica. (European Beech. No. 21.) This
is indeed a splendid gathering of the European beech—
a veritable grove of them. They are all doing well,
and are remarkably healthy and lusty. Come upon
them in spring, when they are setting their boughs
with that peculiar delicate, tender green which only
the beech can show. No other tree can compare, in
spring leafage, with the tender green of the beech.
If you don’t believe it, stand under a beech at this
season of the year and look up through the young
leaves at the sunshine. Can anything equal that glory
of illumined green! There is a tender translucency
of light, that seems to hallow and sanctify, as it passes
through; an ethereal quality, that seems almost fairy-
like and full of things that cannot be described. And
in summer these trees are quite as lovable. Then the
bright, light green grows deeper and richer. The
European beech differs from our native beech in one
very marked and easily distinguishable feature—in its
leaves. Look at the margin of the leaf. The leaf of
the European is not toothed, the leaf of the American
is very strongly toothed, the teeth terminating the
veins. If you will remember this, you can distinguish
between the two trees at a glance. In addition, the
leaf of the European is very hairy (ciliate) all along
the entire margin. Again the European has a gray
bark, darker than the very light gray of our native
beech. The habit of growth is usually different also.
The European branches lower, and has a more squat
and thickset look, while the branches reach out more
horizontally. You will find this really handsome grove

290

by taking the Walk on the east of the Drive, where it
passes over Transverse Road No. 4. The Walk forks
just a little beyond the Transverse Road, and its west-
erly Branch will bring you beneath the green canopies
of this delightful grove.

Prunus padus. (European Bird Cherry. No. 31.)
On the westerly end of the little triangular-shaped bit
of ground that stands like an island on the Drive, just
as the latter crosses Transverse Road No. 4, you will
find a pretty fair specimen of this tree. The trian-
gular “island” is at the west branch of the Drive, just
before it passes over the Transverse Road, and the
bird cherry is on its westerly corner, back of a tulip
tree. The tulip tree is on the point of the triangle,
and you can tell it by its leaves, which seem to be
shorn off straight across the top in a very peculiar
way. The bird cherry is a small sized tree, with leaves
and flowers much like those of the choke cherry, ex-
cept that the flowers, which occur in drooping racemes,
are longer and larger than those of the choke cherry.
In addition they are very fragrant, while those of the
choke cherry are anything but that. The leaves of the
bird cherry are about four inches long, and obovate in
shape, with bases unequally heart-shaped. They are
sharply and doubly serrate.

Sambucus nigra. (European Elder. No. 18.) As
you enter the Park at East One Hundred and Second
Street, and take the first left-hand (southerly) Walk,
close by the third series of steps, low down at your
left, as you go south, you will find this mass. Its
leaves are made up of five to nine leaflets. In June

291

it is covered with flat-topped cymes, which are five-
rayed, and these are succeeded by black berries.

Viburnum lentago. (Sheepberry. Nanny-berry.
No. 40.) If you follow the Drive northerly, you will
find, on your right, a good-sized rock mass, about half
way between the first and second branching of the
Drive. The rock is about in line with East One Hun-
dredth Street. In the very shoulder of this rock, close
by the Drive, is this good specimen of nanny-berry.
It is a small-sized tree—about the proportions of the
black haw, with broadly ovate leaves that come down
to a long point. The leaves are simple, and opposite
to each other on the branch—as are the leaves of all
the Viburnums. Notice also the long leaf-stems, which
are wavy-margined and grooved. In the fall you will
see the tree hung full of fruit, clusters of oval ber-
ries, each about half an inch long, blue-black in color,
covered with a bloom. They are sweet and edible.
The berry stone is flat, oval, thin, and marked faintly
by groovings that run lengthwise across its flat sides.
The tree flowers in May or June, with the white, flat-
topped cymes characteristic of the Viburnums.

While you are in this vicinity you should have a look
at the butternut tree, which is not far away. Follow
the east border of the Drive northerly until you come
to another rock mass. Just east of this rock you will
find the tree. It is, if I remember rightly, about the
best specimen of butternut in the Park. For some
reason, none of them is doing very well. The speci-
men here is rather a low tree, with the light gray bark
that is characteristic of the butternut. Its leaves are

292

compound and made up of from eleven to nineteen leaf-
lets, which are oblong-lanceolate and sharp pointed.
The peculiar generic name of the tree, Juglans, is
derived from the Latin words Jovis, glans, nut of Jove
(Jupiter).

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Explanations, Map No. 14

Common NaME

. Lombardy Poplar.
. Crimean Linden.

Pin Oak.

. English Elm.

. Sugar or Rock Maple.

. Norway Maple.

. Thunberg’s Spindle Tree,

Winged Spindle Tree.

. American or White Elm.
. Japonicum or Japan Vi-

burnum.

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.
. Red Maple.
. American Cork Elm, Rock

Elm.

. Holly-leaved Barberry,

Oregon Barberry, Ash-
berry.

. Rhodotypos.
. Sorrell Tree, Sourwood.

. Mock Orange or Sweet

Syringa.

. Wild Red Osier.

. Tree Box or Boxwood.

. Staghorn Sumac.

. Mockernut or Whiteheart

Hickory.

. Common Swamp Blue-

berry, High-bush Blue-
berry.

Botanical NAME

Populus dilatata.

Tilia dasystyla.

Quercus palustris.

Ulmus campestris.

Acer saccharinum.

Acer platanoides.

Euonymus Thunbergianus (or
alatus).

Ulmus Americana.

Viburnum tomentosum.

Lonitcera fragrantissima,
Acer rubrum,
Ulmus racemosa.

Mahonia aquafolia.

Rhodotypos kerrioides.

Oxydendrum (or Oxydendron,
arboreum.

Philadelphus coronarius.

Cornus stolontfera,
Buxus sempervirens.
Rhus typhina.
Carya tomentosa,

Vaccinium corymbosum.,

22.

298

Common NAME

Lily of the Valley Tree,
mingled with Lovely
Azalea.

. Irish Yew.

. Swamp White Oak.

. Catesby’s Andromeda.

. English Yew.

. Austrian Pine.

. Swiss Stone Pine.

. Cornelian Cherry.

. Staghorn Sumac.

. American Hornbeam.
Blue Beech, Water
Beech.

. Blackberry.

. Bhotan Pine.

. White Pine.

. Weeping Golden Bell or
Forsythia.

.*Box-leaved Cotoneaster.

. Dwarf Mountain Sumac.

. American Chestnut.

. Scotch Elm, Wych Elm.

. Common Horsechestnut.

. Shagbark or Shellbark
Hickory.

. American Beech.

. Silver or White Maple.

. Smoke Tree.

. Japan Cedar.

. Flowering Dogwood.

. Shadbush, June Berry,
Service Berry.

. Hemlock.

g. Obtuse-leaved Japan Ar-

bor Vite.

Botanical NAME

Andromeda floribunda with
Azalea amena.

Taxus baccata, var. fastigiata.
Quercus bicolor.

Andromeda (or Leucothoé).
Taxus baccata.

Pinus Austriaca,

Pinus Cembra.

Cornus mascula,

Rhus typhina.

Carpinus Caroliniana

Rubus villosus.
Pinus excelsa.
Pinus strobus.
Forsythia suspensa.

Cotoneaster buxifolia.

Rhus copallina,

Castanea sativa (or vesca), var.
Amerwana.

Ulmus Montana.

4esculus hippocasianum.

Carya alba..

Fagus ferruginea.

Acer dasycarpum.

Rhus cotinus.
Cryptomeria Japonica.
Cornus florida.
Amelanchier Canadensis.

Tsuga Canadensis.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) obtusa,

299

Common NaME

. Witch Hazel.
. Shagbark or Shellbark

Hickory.

. English Hawthorn.

. Pignut Hickory.

. Black Cherry.

. Red Oak.

. European Larch.

. Indian Bean Tree

or
Southern Catalpa.

. Cottonwood or Carolina

Poplar.

. Bald Cypress.

. Sassafras.

. Tulip Tree,

. American Elder.

. Soulard’s Crab Apple.

. White Oak.

. Scarlet Oak.

. American White or Gray

Birch.

. White Poplar or Abele

Tree.

. Black Walnut.

. Honey Locust.

. Ailanthus or Tree of
Heaven.

. Hackberry, Sugarberry,
Nettle Tree. Mg

. Common Locust.
. Sycamore Maple.
. Fontanesia.

. Osage Orange.

English Hawthorn.

. American Hazel.

Black Oak.

BotTanicaL NAME

Hamamelis Virginiana.
Carya alba,

Crategus oxyacantha.
Carya porcina.
Prunus serotina.
Quercus rubra,

Larix Europea.
Catalpa bignontioides.

Populus moniltfera.

Taxodium distichum.
Sassafras officinale.
Liriodendron tulipifera.
Sambucus Canadensis.
Pyrus Soulardi.
Quercus alba,

Quercus coccinea,
Betula populifolia,

Populus alba.

Juglans nigra.
Gledttschia tricanthos.
Atlanthus glandulosus.

Celtis Occidentalis.

Robinia pseudacacia.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Fontanesia Fortunet.
Maclura aurantiaca.
Crategus oxyacantha.
Corylus Americana.

Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria

300

Common Name Botanica, NaME
79. English Hawthorn. Crategus oxyacantha,
80. American Arbor Vite. Thuya Occidentalis.

81. European Beech. Fagus sylvatica.

XIV.
WEST NINETY-SIXTH STREET TO THE POOL

In this Section you will find Crimean lindens, almost
as soon as you enter at the West Ninety-sixth Street
Gate, handsome Soulard’s crab-apples, over near Trans-
verse Road No. 4, native cork elm, on the westerly side
of the North Meadow, the obtuse-leaved Japan arbor
vite, a sorrel tree near the hydrant, not far from the
Gate by which you entered and others equally interest-
ing. Let us consider them in detail.

Andromeda floribunda. (Lily of the Valley Tree.
No. 22.) This fine mass, which is intermingled with

zalea amena, is well worth seeing in early spring, es-
pecially when in bloom. The azalea is then a mass of
clear, cool magenta, and the andromeda fairly bursting
with its dense clusters of small drooping, waxy, frost-
white, urn-shaped flowers in erect panicles at the ends
of the branches. The azalea has very small ovate leaves,
scarcely half an inch long. The andromeda’s leaves are
about two or three inches long. They both bloom early
in spring, late March or early April. Be on hand to see
them. You will find this mass on the west of the Walk
that runs parallel with the Drive and opens out close
beside it, where the Drive passes over Transverse Road
No. 4. The mass is off the Walk, a little at your left
(west), if you walk northerly, and not far from the
fork that swings out its left branch to the Drive, as the
latter pass over the Transverse Road.

302

Chamecyparis (or Retinospora) obtusa. (Obtuse-
leaved Japan Arbor Vite. No. 49.) You will find this
rather poor specimen (for it is slowly dying) on the wes-
terly side of the North Meadow, near the fork of Walk
which bends to the west, to cross the Drive, and pass
out of the Park at the West One Hundredth Street
Gate. It stands quite near a handsome cluster of white
pines. These pines you can readily know by their hori-
zontal boughs and leaf bundles of five together in a
fascicle—the leaves about three or four inches long.
The Retinospora stands west of the Walk, near the
point of the fork, with a hemlock just back of it. The
leaves of the hemlock are flat, about half an inch long,
and white on the undersides. The Retinospora in
question is, as you see, doing very poorly. It is just
about holding its own. You see that its leaf-sprays
have a flattish, fan-like look. If you examine these
sprays closely, you will see that the leaves are scale-
like, closely pressed together and very blunt or obtuse.
Indeed they have a very jointed look. The small end
leaves seem to clasp the inner leaves of each row like
a pair of flat claws, and the whole row has a hard,
flat-squeezed look which is very distinctive. Blunt-
leaved is certainly a good name for this characteristic.
The cones are very small, made up of from eight to ten
light-brown, valvate, wedge-shaped scales.

Euonymus Thunbergianus (or alatus). (Thunberg’s
Spindle Tree. Winged Spindle Tree. No. 7.) If
you take the Walk at the right (south) of the Drive,
upon entering the West Ninety-sixth Street Gate, and
proceed south-easterly with it, until you come to the

303

first fork of this Walk, you will see this interesting
Japan shrub, standing next to the American elm, which
is in the point of the fork of the Walk. The little
Japan shrub stands next to the elm, at its left, as you
face the northerly border of this Walk. You can recog-
nize it easily by the corky (two to four) wings (alatus)
on the branches. In May or June it blooms in little
yellowish flowers, four or five together, on short pe-
duncles (flower-stems) from the axils of the leaves.
The leaves themselves are acute at both ends, rather
broadly elliptical, and quite sharply cut (serrated)
about the margins. They are usually about two inches
in length. The glory of this shrub is its fruit, which
nods from four parted capsules that glow in autumn
with a soft, cool crimson, upon which your eye loves
to linger. And when these are ripe, at this season of
the year, how lovely it is to see these husks break open
and curl back like lips, disclosing the rich orange gleam
of the seeds beneath. You may pass the Enonyimus
heedlessly at other seasons of the year, but in autumn
it will surely claim your attention.

Oxydendrum (or Oxydendron) arboreum. (Sorrell
Tree. Sourwood. No. 15.) Not far from the West
Ninety-sixth Street Gate, on the right of the Drive, as
you go easterly, you will find a hydrant. It stands on
the southerly side of the Drive, just before the Drive
opens out into two branches, the one turning to the
right and running south, the other turning to the left
and going north. There are several things of interest
clustered about this hydrant. To the west of it you
will see a mass of the Cornus stolonifera, with long.

304

bending and sweeping branches, which turn conspic-
uously crimson in the winter. If you look closely at
these crimson branches, then, you will see that the
crimson is streaked and veined with fine, lightish or
grayish markings, giving a striated appearance to the
twigs. This appearance is present in summer, but not
so conspicuously as in winter. The mass is broad and
spreading and grows with a distinct tendency to fling
its branches over the ground and root again—a trick
which is called in botany, stoloniferous. Just south
of the Cornus stolonifera stands a good specimen of
the mock orange or sweet syringa. This you can tell
by its pointed, ovate leaves, with the veins depressed
on the upper surface and prominent beneath. West of
this syringa you will find the sorrell tree or sourwood.
Its leaves are alternate on the branch and resemble
those of the common peach leaf. They are of a dark,
shining green, from four to seven inches long, oblong-
lanceolate, with a short point. True to the tree that
bears them they are very sour tasting. At the bases
they are rather wedge-shaped. The flowers of this tree
are very beautiful, by reason of their delicacy, borne on
long, terminal, panicles, which are very conspicuous.
They resemble somewhat the look of the flower-pani+
cles of the sweet pepper bush, slender fingers of bloom
(June or July), that at once arrest your attention.
These panicles are made up of delicate little urn-shaped
flowers, of a rich, cream-white, and narrowed daintily
about the throat, as if delicately tied with some fairy-
like constriction. The tiny little five-toothed flanges of
the corolla flare out squarely and the whole little urn is

305

a marvel of frost white. If you peep into these little
white urns you will see the ten stamens inserted on the
corollas, The flowers soon change into small, dry, five-
angled capsules of five cells. These capsules are very
clinging (persistent) and may be seen on the tree late
in the autumn and winter. If you know the fruit of
the sweet pepper bush, you will be reminded of their
resemblance to the fruit pods of that shrub. They look
very much like long fingers, erect on the branches. The
tree is a slender one, with gray bark, through which
suffuses a reddish hue. It is furrowed and scaly. The
tree gets its genus name from the Greek words oxus,
sharp, sour; and dendron, tree. It belongs, as you see
by its pretty little urn-shaped flowers, to the great
Ericacee or heath family. While you are here look
at the fine staghorn sumac just east of the hydrant.
You can tell it by its sticky, pubescent end branches.
Just as the Drive bends to the south, in its corner, is a
handsome mass of box.

Pyrus Soulardi. (Soulard’s Crab Apple. No. 63.)
There is quite a cluster of these handsome crabs, at the
left (west) of the Walk, just as it bends westerly from
the Drive, after passing over Transverse Road No. 4.
They are small sized trees, lusty and healthful. At first
glance you might think them hawthorns, for they are of
the hawthorn look. But their lack of thorns will save
you from this error. According to the best author-
ities, the Soulard’s crab is now regarded as a hybrid
between the common apple (Pyrus malus) and the
western crab apple (Pyrus Ioensis). The leaves are
roundish-ovate, obtuse or truncate at the base, and

306

densely woolly. This pubescence is very marked on the
undersides of the thick leaves and especially on the
petioles. The leaves, especially above the middle, seem
to develop a tendency to lobe. This is quite noticeable
on the upper parts of the leaves. The flowers of the
Soulard are blush color and break out in dense woolly
cymes. The fruit is a pome, flattened lengthwise and
ofa yellow hue. The tree is named from J. J. Soulard,
of Galena, Ill., who first brought this variety into culti-
vation. They are certainly a pretty cluster here and are
doing well. Their healthfulness is indeed a joy to look
upon, especially their leaves and branches.

Quercus bicolor. (Swamp White Oak. No. 24.)
There are two of these trees about opposite each other
on either side of the Walk, not far from the West
Ninety-sixth Street Gate. They are worthy of notice
because, though of the same species of oak, their leaves
are quite different. The leaves of the one on the east
of the Walk are in conformity with the type of the
swamp white oak’s leaves, as you have met this tree in
other parts of the Park, but the leaves of the one on the
west of the Walk are very much more deeply lobed.
The two trees stand about diagonally opposite to each
other. You will find them easily by taking the north-
erly Walk from the West Ninety-sixth Street Gate, and
following it on, until about midway between its first
fork and the place where it meets the Drive, as it passes
over Transverse Road No. 4.

As you proceed it may be of interest to note some of
the things you pass on the way. Just beyond the
Crimean linden stands sycamore maple, with five-lobed

307

leaves. At the vend of the Walk, as it turns down
southeasterly to meet the fork, is a fine white oak with
its leaves cut into about nine lobes. Just back of this
oak, southeast of it, is black cherry, with rough, scaly
bark and shining, glossy, taper-pointed leaves. South-
east of the cherry is pin oak, with its leaf-lobes bristle-
tipped and rounded out by deep bays or sinuses—re-
minding you of the scarlet oak’s leaves. But if you
lcok at the slender yellowish petioles of these leaves you
will not confuse them with the stout leaf-stalks of the
scarlet. About opposite the point of the fork here, on
the northerly side of the Walk, is another pin oak, and
west of this, back (north) of the Walk is a good mock-
ernut hickory. The mockernut you can tell by its large
buds, its large leaves (compound), whose leaf-stems
are very pubescent, as are also the undersides of the
leaflets. The leaflets run in sevens and nines, usually in
sevens. Beyond the fork of the Walk, on the southerly
side, down the bank a little, is English yew, with dark
green (uppersides), flat, sharply tipped leaves, seem-
ingly arranged in a two-ranked manner on the branch.
The leaves are linear, that is, with edges nearly parallel,
and on the undersides are yellowish green—a mark
which will distinguish this tree for you from the Ceph-
alotaxus, whose leaves are whitish on the undersides.
Just beyond the yew stand several clumps of Catesby’s
andromeda, low bushes of thick, leathery, pointed
leaves on short reddish leaf-stems. Beyond these, on
either side of the Walk, are the two swamp white
oaks of our quest. Note the differences in the leaves
of the two trees. As has been said above, the one on

308

the west of the Walk has its leaves cut into lobes
that remind you of the white oak, while those on the
tree on the east of the Walk are wavy-lobed and
recall the look of the chestnut oak. Note also the
very pubescent undersides of the leaves of both of
these trees. They are downy with tomentum (dense,
close-matted pubescence). The acorns are oblong
egg-shape, and set in shallow cups which are often
densely fringed about the margins with ragged, mossy
scales—much like the acorn of the bur oak.

Beyond the swamp white oaks, on the right (east)
of the Walk, as you continue northerly, is Irish yew,
a small pyramidal growth, with leaves the same as
those of the English yew, but gathered together in
rather rosette-like clusters. Beyond this is Austrian
pine, with its dark-green, stiffish leaves in bundles of
two, and north of the Austrian, a handsome Swiss
stone pine, with its leaves in bundles of five. Note
that these leaves of the Swiss pine are three-sided and
glaucous. At the steps here, off to your left (west),
is a pretty Cornelian cherry, with opposite leaves,
rather roundish oval and distinctly short-pointed.

Tilia dasystyla. (Crimean Linden. No.2.) As
you enter the Park’ at the West Ninety-sixth Street
Gate, on either side of the Drive, in the very points
of the beds between Walk and Drive, almost as you
go in, you will see these two slender young trees.
They are but sapplings, now, but will grow into hand-
some trees, if they develop to their full capacity.
Their leaves are dark glossy-green on the uppersides,
but, beneath, are pale-green, and if you look closely,

309

you will see little tufts of small brown hairs gathered
in the axils of the larger leaf-veins. The leaves of
the Crimean linden are rather tough and leathery,
and are obliquely truncate (cut across) at the base.
The tree gets its botanical specific name, dasystyla,
from its flowers, whose pistils are densely tomentose
or hairy (Greek, dasos), about the base of the rather
pyramidal style. The style, speaking technically, is
that part of the pistil which joins the ovary with the
stigma. The stigma is the part of the pistil which
receives the pollen, and the ovary is that part of the
pistil which contains the embryonic seeds. The fruit
of the Crimean linden is very distinctly five-angled,
and is obovoid in shape.

Ulmus racemosa. (American Cork Elm. Rock Elm.
No. 12.) Pretty well back from Walk (the northerly
one from the West Ninety-sixth Street Gate), and
near the border of Transverse Road No. 4, you will
find this slim specimen of our native cork elm. You
can pick it out easily by the very distinct corky
ridges on its branches. It is a small-sized tree, with
a trunk not over a few inches thick, and has a lean
and spindling look. Its leaves are smooth, hard and
thick, dark green on the uppersides, but pale green
below. In March or April, dancing little raceme-
like (whence the name of the tree) clusters of tiny
flowers float out upon the branches. Fairy sights
they are, so tenderly delicate, it seems the sharp
winds must surely tear them from their abiding
places. How lovely they are! The tiny little calyx
of each flower is bell-shaped. There is no corolla,

310

but there are seven or eight stamens, and these with
their dark purple anthers give that lovely flush of
color which is so charming. The bark of the tree is
gray, through which you can detect a reddish cast.
The bark is broken in rather broad scaly ridges. The
fruit of the tree is a wafer-like samara, winged all
around the seed. The edge of this wing is densely
hairy (ciliate), as are also the sides of the whole
samara.

FNININY

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Explanations,

Map No. 15

Common Name

. Lombardy Poplar.

Pin Oak.
American Beech.

. Honey Locust.
. Turkey Oak.
. Cottonwood, Carolina

Poplar.

. Many-flowered Rose.
. American Hornbeam,

Blue
Beech.

Beech, Water

. Ash-leaved Maple, Box

Elder.

. Silverbell Tree.
. Chinese Cork Tree.
. Striped Maple,

Moose-
wood, Whistlewood.

. White Mulberry.
. Purple-leaved English Elm.

. Norway Maple.

. European White Birch.

. Black Walnut.

. Shagbark or Shellbark

Hickory.
Sugarberry,
Nettle Tree.

. American Linden, Bass-

wood, Bee Tree.

. Idesia.
. Sweet Bay, Swamp Mag-

nolia.

. Kentucky Coffee Tree.

. Common Horsechestnut.
. Sycamore Maple.

. Western Yellow Pine.

. English Oak.

BotanicaL NAME

Populus dilatata.
Quercus palustris.
Fagus ferruginea.
Gleditschia triacanthos,
Quercus cerris.
Populus montlifera,

Rosa mulitiflora.
Carpinus Caroliniana.
Negundo aceroides.
Halesia tetraptera.
Phellodendron Amurense.

Acer Pennsylvanicum.

Morus alba.

Ulmus campestris, var. stricta

purpurea,
Acer platanoides.
Betula alba,
Jjuglans nigra.
Carya alba.

Celtis Occidentalis.
Tilia Americana,

Idesia polycarpa.
Magnolia glauca.

Gleditschia triacanthos.
4¢isculus hippocastanum.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Pinus ponderosa.
Quercus robur.

316

Common NaME

. Japan Arbor Vite(Variety

squarrosa).

. Austrian Pine.

. Nordmann’s Silver Fir.

. Italian Maple.

. Cockspur Thorn (Variety

pyracanthafolia).

. Corylopsis.
. Large-thorned Hawthorn.
. Large-leaved Maple, Ore-

gon Maple.

. Purple-leaved European
Heel.

. Deodar, Indian Cedar.
. Japan Lemon.

. Austrian Pine.

. Lovely Azalea.

. Buckthorn.

. European White Birch.
. Witc
. Indian Bean Tree or

Hazel.
Southern Catalpa.

. Katsura Tree.
. Early-flowering

Jessa-
mine.

. American Holly.
. Japan Azalea.

. Lily of the Valley Tree.
. Tree Celandine,

Plume
Poppy.

. Scarlet-fruited Haw-

thorn, White Thorn.

. Black Haw.

. Red Oak.

. Norway Spruce.

. European Larch.

. Sassafras.

. Ash-leaved Maple, Box

Elder.

. Red Maple.

. Red Oak.

. Smooth Sumac.

. Weeping Golden Bell or

Forsythia.

Boranicat NaME

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. squar-
rosa.

Pinus Austriaca.

Abies Nordmanniana.

Acer Italum.

Crategus crus-galli, var. pyra-
canthafolia.

Corylopsis spicata,

Crategus macracantha.

Acer macrophylium,

Corylus avellana, var. atropur-
purea.

Cedrus Deodara.

Citrus trifoliata.

Pinus Austriaca.

Azalea amena.

Rhamnus cathartica.

Betula alba.

Hamamelis Virginiana,

Catalpa bignontotdes.

Cercidiphyllum Japonicum.
Jasminum nudiflorum.,

Ilex opaca,
Azalea mollis.

‘Andromeda floribunda.

Bocconia cordata,
Crategus coccinea.

Viburnum prunifolium.
Quercus rubra.

Picea excelsa.

Larix Europea.
Sassafras officinale.
Negundo aceroides.

Acer rubrum,
Quercus rubra.
Rhus glabra.
Forsythia suspensa,

317

Common NaME

. Scarlet Oak.
. Prostrate English Yew

(Low and spreading).

. Spicebush.

. Yellowwood.

. Japan Holly.

. Cedar of Lebanon.

. Thunberg’s or Japan Bar-

berry

. Common Horsechestnut.
. Dwarf Mountain Sumac.
. European Larch.

. Black Cherry.

. Ninebark.

. Smooth Sumac.
. European Mountain Ash,

Rowan Tree.

. European Beech.

. Black Oak.

. English Elm.

. American White Ash.
. Red Cedar.

. American Chestnut.

. Hop Hornbeam or Iron-

wood.

. Tulip Tree.

. Flowering Dogwood.

. Spicebush.

. Arrowwood.

. Smooth Alder.

. Bald Cypress.

. Reeve’s Spirza.

. Oriental Spruce, Eastern

Spruce.

. Plume-leaved Japan Ar-

bor Vite.

. Cherry Birch, Sweet

Birch, Black Birch.

. Mock Orange or Sweet

Syringa.
Washington Thorn.
European Silver Linden.

Botanica, NaMe

Quercus coccinea.
Taxas baccata, var. prostrata.

Benzoin benzoin.
Cladrastis tinctoria.
Ilex crenata.

Cedrus Libant.
Berberis Thunbergit.

Aisculus hippocastanum.

Rhus copallina,

Larix Europea.

Prunus serotina.

Physocarpus (or Spirea) opu-
lifolia,

Rhus glabra.

Pyrus aucuparia.

Fagus sylvatica.

Quercus coccinea, var. tinctoria.

Ulmus campestris.

Fraxinus Americana.

Juniperus Virginiana.

Castanea sativa, var, Ameri-
cana,

Ostrya Virginica.

Liriodendron Tulipijera.
Cornus florida.

Benzoin benzotin.
Viburnum dentatum.
Alnus serrulata.
Taxodium distichum.
Spirea Reevesiana.
Picea Ortentalis.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa.
Betula lenta.

Philadelphus coronarius.
Crategus cordata.

Ttha Europea, var. argentea
(or alba).

318

Common NAME

96. Common Locust.
97. White Pine.
98. Keelreuteria or Varnish

99. Weeping

Too.
rol.
Io2.
103.
104.
105.
106.
7. Weeping Willow, Baby-

10

Tree.

European,
White Birch. :

Kentucky Coffee Tree.

Wild Red Osier.

Silver or White Maple.

California Privet.

White Poplar, Abele Tree.

Ginkgo Tree.

European Linden.

lonian Willow,

Botanica, NaME

Robinia pseudacacia,
Pinus strobus.
Kelreuteria paniculata,

Betula alba, var. pendula.

Gymnocladus Canadensis.
Cornus stolontfera.

Acer dasycarpum.,
Ligustrum ovalifolium,
Populus alba.

Salisburia adianttfolia,
Tilia Europea,

Salix Babylonica,

XV.
HARLEM MEER AND VICINITY

This Section, the vicinity of the Green Houses and
McGowan’s Pass Tavern, is full of many interest-
ing things which will be sure to claim your atten-
tion. Most of the trees and shrubs of this area you
have met before on your rambles in the lower sections
of the Park, but there are several here which are
new, that is, which are not represented in other parts
of the Park. Let us consider these in detail :—

Acer Italum. (Jialian Maple. No. 31.) This in-
teresting tree, a native of Italy, Switzerland, and
Southern Europe, will be found at the extreme south-
west corner of the Green Houses. It is very close to
the wall, and you can pick it out by its leaves which
resemble cut-down editions of the sycamore maple’s
leaves. They look very much like the leaves of that
tree, with the lobes obtusely rounded off. They are
five-lobed, about five inches long, and whitened be-
neath. The tree flowers in drooping corymbs, and its
keys (fruit) have slightly spreading wings. The tree
stands just below the Crategus crus-galli, var. pyra-
canthafolia, to the east of it.

Acer macrophyllum. (Large-leaved Maple. Oregon
Maple. No. 35.) South of the Green Houses, close
to the line of frames of the nursery that backs up this
interesting patch of slope here, you will find a fine

320

specimen of this tree. That you may find it readily,
if you skirt the southerly end of the Green Houses -
and follow the line of nursery frames, south, for about
half way between the Green Houses and the southerly
end of the nursery frames, you will see this tree
standing, pretty well hidden by neighboring growths,
a little north of a point where an imaginary line
would strike, if the Walk at the southerly end of the
Green Houses’ beds were carried westward to the
nursery frames. If you know the purple-leaved Eu-
ropean hazel, the Oregon maple stands just northwest
of it. But I think you will have no difficulty in find-
ing it, for its leaves are very large, eight to ten inches
broad. These broad leaves are cut into five (often
seven) deep lobes, and the lobes themselves are cut
again into sections that make them rather three-lobed.
They have something of the look of a large-sized leaf
of the Oriental plane tree. On the undersides they
are pubescent, when young, of a pale green hue. The
tree flowers in the spring, with erect panicles of fra-
grant yellow flowers, densely woolly, appearing after
the leaves have opened. The yellow fruit is also very
hairy and has large broad wings which spread at an
angle of about forty-five degrees. The specimen be-
fore you here is the only one in the Park, and it is
to be hoped that it will be allowed to stand here,
even if it falls into decline, for it is a rare tree to see
in our section. Along the Pacific coast it grows to
magnificent proportions, developing into a noble and
imposing tree, reaching a height of a hundred feet
er more,

FLowers AND LEAF oF THE StrRiIreD Marte (Acer Pennsylvanicum)

Map 15. Ne. 12.

321

Acer pennsylvanicum. (Striped Maple. Moosewood.
Whistlewood. No. 12.) If the love of trees is in
your heart, a thrill of joy must leap through you
when you stand face to face with the striped maple.
The beautiful veining of the fine stripes running length-
wise up and down the trunk and branches is a sight that
sends the eye roving over them in keen delight. These
very stripes alone are enough to identify the tree. The
trunk bark is of a deep reddish brown, and the fine
stripes or lines crinkle through it in delicate whitish
or lightish streaks. The younger shoots are greenish,
and on these the stripes are dull blackish. You can-
not mistake the tree if you note its bark. It has broad,
goose-foot leaves, divided into three lobes, the end
lobes running out into long finely cut points. They
are of a lovely clear green, and of tender texture—
especially in spring. If you look at their leaf stalks
you will see that they are grooved and swollen at the
base. Sometime in May try to get near these lovely
trees when they are in full bloom. If you succeed you
will never forget the fairly little chimes of drooping
racemes of bell-shaped yellow flowers swinging on
slender stems, under the soft green leaves. Five tiny
little petals make up their corollas. The staminate and
pistillate flowers are carried usually in separate racemes
on the same tree. In the staminate flowers, the stamens
are usually eight. Pale green, broadly winged keys
tied together in a hanging chain, succeed the fairy
flowers. Look closely at these keys or samaras (fruits)
as they are botanically called. Can you see that small
cavity on each side of.the fruit? This is a feature

322

which (with the exception of the mountain maple) dis-
tinguishes the striped maple from its fellows. These
keys are ripe in late August or early September. The
tree gets its name “Moosewood” from the fact that
the moose feed upon its bark and branches. You will
find a good specimen of this tree very near the steps,
back (north) of McGowan’s stables. These steps
carry the Walk on from the Green Houses to the
Drive, a little north of McGowan’s. Close by the
lower northerly corner of the steps a good hackberry
guards, with warty bark and oblique leaves, and a
little east of this tree stands the striped maple. You
can tell it instantly in summer by its three-lobed,
“goose-foot” leaves, and white streaked bark; in win-
ter by its bark, its richly rose-colored buds and leaf-
scars which are conspicuously ridged on the under-
sides. You will find another specimen of the tree
near the Walk leading in from One Hundred and
Sixth Street, not far to the northwest of the Chinese
cork tree, about half way between the third and fourth
forks of the Walk.

Alnus serrulata. (Smooth Alder. No. 87.) Enter
the Park at the Gate at Sixth Avenue and One Hun-
dred and Tenth Street, left-hand Walk, and go south,
turn to the right and follow the shore of Harlem Meer
around to the west and then to the south, until you
come to the second place where the Walk comes down
close to the water’s edge. Standing on this open
space, and facing the water (east) you will have on
your left, on the tongue of land between Walk and
water, some good specimens of the smooth alder. One

323

of them is in the very tip of the tongue, and all of
them are close by the water’s edge and lean out over
it. You can easily identify them by the tiny little
black woody “cones’”’—the seed vessels of the alder—
which are sure to be present on them, for they are
very persistent and remain throughout the year. Usu-
ally you can see them black against the sky with their
parts open, the seeds gone. The leaves are thick, with
the midrib and veins very noticeably depressed on the
uppersides, and equally noticeably ridged beneath. In
shape they are obovate (reversed egg-shaped), com-
ing gradually down to an acute base. But look at
their margins, and see the sharp, fine serrations. It
is this very fine cutting which has given the shrub
its specific botanical name—serralata (little serrations).
See, too, how smooth and shining the leaves are on the
uppersides. On the under they are a paler green, and
often slightly downy. In size the leaves are from two
to four inches long. In the spring of the year the
alder blooms, the staminate flowers in very conspic-
uous pendant catkins, hanging like long pencils from
the branches. These catkins are made up of a closely-
linked chain of bracts, and under the bracts are the
tiny little anthers which carry and let loose the fertil-
izing pollen. As you stand here, note the fine bald
cypress with feather-like leaves just back of the smooth
alders, and the handsome clump of arrowwood that
masses the right-hand tongue of ground between Walk
and water to the south.

Bocconia cordata. (Tree Celandine. Plume Poppy.
No. 50.) In late July or early August the beautiful

324

white or rose-white, feathery plumes of this Japan
perennial are sure to arrest your attention. Plume
poppy is a good name for the plant. Its terminal pan-
icles of bloom are certainly plume-like, and for feathery
fineness they cannot be excelled. You can easily iden-
tify the plant by these plume-like panicles which tuft
and pompon the ends of the tall, upright, thickset
stalks. These stalks or stems are set with beautifully
cut leaves, round-cordate, with the lobes themselves
cut again and again into smaller lobes. If the plant
is not in flower, these very strikingly-cut leaves will
identify it. The leaves are thick, veiny and glaucous,
and have a somewhat fig-like look. The plant gets
its name from Dr. Paolo Bocconi, an Italian (Sicilian)
botanist and belongs to the poppy family. You will
find an excellent specimen of it, just south of the Cerci-
diphyllum, and west of a fine American holly that
stands close by the Walk which comes down from the
rear of McGowan’s. To make this perfectly clear,
take the Walk that starts in from the Drive, just
south of McGowan’s, with a black walnut on either
side of it, where it starts from the Drive. Follow it
easterly to the stone urn, then branch off to your right
southerly to the third fork of the Walk. About mid-
way between the third and fourth fork, on your right
(west) stands the American holly. Just west of this
is Azalea mollis, and due west of the azalea, and south
of the Cercidiphylium is the handsome mass of Boc-
conia. A graceful Magnolia glauca, with leaves green
above and whitish below, stands off a little to the
southwest of the Bocconia.

325

Cedrus Deodara. (Deodar. Indian Cedar. No. 37.)
This tree stands in a spot pretty well hidden from the
Walk. It is down the bank, in the tangle of growths
that make up the space southwest of the Green Houses,
known as the old nurseries. If you take the Walk
that runs from the steps at the back of the northwest
corner of the northerly Green House, and go south
with it, behind the Green Houses, following it along
until you come pretty near the third fork of the Walk,
you will find the tree. The Deodar stands about in
line with the end of the Walk at the southerly ex-
tremity of the Green House beds. It is just a little
up the slope, to the west of the purple-leaved Euro-
pean hazel which you can find easily by its dark
crimson leaves—the only crimson foliaged shrub in
this vicinity. The Deodar you can recognize by its
linear (narrow and with margins parallel) leaves gath-
ered together in little alternate bunches or clusters.
These leaves are sharp-pointed, stiff and straight, about
an inch or two inches long. They are generally three
or four-sided in shape, and evergreen. This feature
distinguishes the tree from the larch, which drops its
leaves in the autumn (deciduous). When your eye
fastens on the little leaf clusters, you might easily
think the tree a larch, if you did not know that its
leaves were evergreen. The cones, too, of the Cedrus
are distinctive—growing erect on the branches and
falling apart when mature. The cones of the larch
are erect also, but do not break apart, are very per-
sistent on the branch, and when they do fall, fall as
a whole cone. The cones of the Deodara are about

326

five inches, and, when young, are of a rich reddish-
brown hue which, as the cone ripens, dulls to brown.
The tree is pyramidal in habit of growth, and the gen-
eral effect of its foliage is dark, bluish-green overcast
with a glaucous hue.

Cercidiphyllum Japonicum. (Katsura Tree. No. 45.)
Two exceedingly handsome specimens of this interest-
ing Japan tree are in the close vicinity of McGowan’s
restaurant. They are back of the Walk, and half
hidden by masses of other things. To see them you
must look for them, for they are pretty well hidden
from the casual observer. Take the Walk that crosses
the Drive south of McGowan’s Pass Tavern, where
two black walnuts—handsome trees—guard its either
side. Follow it easterly to where it forks by a large
stone urn; take the southerly branch (your right),
and continue until you come about half way between
the second and the third fork of the Walk. If you
have a permit to go upon the lawns, you will find
the two handsome Katsura trees just below the rise
of ground at the west of the Walk. At first, from
their leaves, you might think them some kind of
Judas tree (redbud), for the leaves so closely re-
semble the leaves of that tree, that they have been
named Cercidiphyllum, from two Greek words, Kerkis
(Cercis), the name of the Judas tree, and phyllon,
leaf. Indeed, the leaves are exceedingly like those
of the Judas tree—only smaller. They are broadly-
cordate (heart-shaped), generally opposite on the
branch, though sometimes alternate, and distinctly
nerved (veined) with five to seven ribs. Though ap-

327

parently entire about the margin, if you look at them
closely with your hand lens, you will find that they
are very finely cut with rounded teeth. On the under-
sides the leaves are slightly glaucous, but on the
upper, they are smooth (glabrous) and of a dark
green. The leaf stalks are interesting, dark red in
hue, and jointed beyond the base. The flowers are
not conspicuous, without petals and solitary. These
develop into pods which are dehiscent, that is, split
open in a regular way, to discharge the seed when
ripe. These pods, usually two to four, break open
along the outer seam to discharge the seeds. The
seeds have membranous wings. The Katsura is a
bushy tree, and these two here before you are well
up to the type. The tree belongs to the magnolia
family.

Cretegus crus-galli, var. pyracanthafolia. (Cock-
spur Thorn, variety pyracanthafolia. No. 32.) At
the southwest corner of the Green Houses, close by
the wall there, up the slope, a little back (west) of
the Acer Italum, you will find a small tree bristling
with thorns and with small, thick, leathery and very
glossy leaves. These leaves are broad at the end,
and gradually narrow down to a long, thin, wedge-
shaped base, not unlike a miniature lacrosse stick. If
you have learned the look of the cockspur thorn’s leaf,
the leaves of the tree must instantly suggest that tree
to you. They look like a cut-down similitude of the
cockspur’s leaf. This tree is not a large one, and you
can pick it out easily by its thorns. It is too bad that
both this tree and the Italian maple should be in this

328

rather inaccessible spot, for they are of special in-
terest to the tree lover, by reason of their rather rare
cecurrence in public parks. Their presence here, in
this particularly out-of-the-way place is explained by
the fact that they stand on ground for many years
used by the Park for a nursery.

Idesia polycarpa. (Jdesia. No. 21.) If you enter
at the East One Hundred and Sixth Street Gate, and
proceed west to the third fork of the Walk, turn to
the left and go south to the steps at the end of the
first Green House, go up the steps and follow the
path that skirts the slope back of McGowan’s Pass
Tavern, you will find this tree. At first you might
mistake it for a white mulberry, but it is a very dif-
ferent kind of tree. It belongs to the Bixacee, and
gets its name from a Dutch explorer in China, Yobrants
Ides. It stands, as you will see, by referring to the
map, on a little “island” of Walk that has come to
anchor just below the slope back of McGowan’s. This
little “island” runs north and south. From the south-
erly end, walking north, you pass a couple of good
specimens of Magnolia glauca, easily picked out by
the white undersides of their leaves, then comes a
good Kentucky coffee tree, with very rough bark and
large doubly compourid leaves. Then another Mag-
nolia glauca, and then the Idesia. You can tell it at
once by its alternate, simple, heart-shaped, five-veined
leaves, which are fairly large and at a distance some-
what resemble the leaves of the mulberry. A distin-
guishing feature of the leaves is the very long red
petiole (leaf stalk). On this petiole, near the base of

Ipesta (/desia polycarpa)
Map 15. No. 21.

329

the leaf, you will find glands (like the glands on
the leaf-stems of the prunus). Glands are also pres-
ent on the twigs of the tree. This interesting im-
portation from Japan and China blooms in drooping,
fragrant, terminal and axillary panicles of greenish-
yellow flowers. The flowers are rather inconspicuous.
They are petalless, but have five woolly sepals. The
sepals are divisions of the calyx. These flowers change
into small orange-yellow many-seeded berries about
the size of an ordinary pea.

Phellodendron Amurense. (Chinese Cork Tree. No.
11.) In his Section there grows the best specimen
of the Chinese cork tree in the Park. You can find
it very easily by entering the Park at the East One
Hundred and Sixth Street Gate and going’ west until
you pass the third branching of the Walk. Just be-
yond this third offshoot of Walk (which leads in to
the Green Houses), down in the open space which fills
in back of McGowan’s stables, and west of the beds
that lie to the north of the Green Houses you will find
this tree. It is down the bank, due south of the Walk
by which you entered, about a stone’s throw from the
point where the third fork breaks off from the Walk
to run south to the Green Houses. It is a tall thin
tree about thirty feet high, somewhat Y-form in shape.
You will know it easily by its ailanthus-like leaves.
These compound leaves are about two or three feet
long, and set oppositely on the branch. They are
made up of many leaflets which are placed along the
leaf-stem in a way that botanists term odd-pinnate.
That is, pinnate (with the leaflets set along the stem in a

330

feather-like [pinna] manner), with an odd leaflet at
the end. In this tree the leaflets run from seven to
about seventeen in number. They are ovate-lanceo-
late, very finely and sharply serrated, and come down
to long point (acuminate). On the uppersides they
are almost smooth and are of a dark green color, but
on the undersides they are slightly glaucous. They
turn bright red in autumn. In June the tree flowers
in short panicles of inconspicuous greenish flowers
from the ends of the branches. These flowers change
later into small blue-black berries of about the size
of a pea, which hang upon the tree in grape-like clus-
ters late into the winter. The bark of the tree is of
a light gray and corky. The tree gets its botanical
name from two Greek words, phellos, cork, and den-
dron, tree.

Picea Orientalis. (Eastern or Oriental Spruce. No.
go.) To find this handsome variety of spruce take
the right-hand Walk at the Lenox Avenue Gate, One
Hundred and Tenth Street. Follow it to the west un-
til it throws out a short branch to the Drive; cross
the Drive at this point and take up the Walk again
on the other side of the Drive. Some steps meet you
here, with some good clumps of Reeve’s spirza garn-
ishing their easterly side. At the foot of these steps
turn to your left and go easterly a short space along
the shore walk of the Harlem Meer. The Walk
spreads out here in a little platform-like space to come
down close to the water, forming small tongues of
bank on either side. About opposite the easterly
tongue of bank that lies between water and walk,

CuHINneEse Cork Tree (Phellodendron Amurense)

Map 15. No. If.

331

you will find this Oriental spruce. A good honey
locust stands diagonally over from it, to the south-
east. Like all true spruces the leaves of the Oriental
are four-sided and scattered singly over the branch.
You remember that the chief feature of the pine is
the characteristic gathering of its leaves together in
little bundles (fascicles), of twos, threes, or fives.
The spruce is therefore easily distinguished from the
pine by observing this leaf feature alone. With the
spruce each leaf is fastened to the branch singly, and
is four-sided. In this four-sided feature it differs from
the fr which has its leaves flat. There are many other
botanical distinctions between the pine, the spruce,
and the fir, but these features just mentioned will be
enough for any rambler who has not delved into the
deeper mysteries of botany, to tell at a glance whether
a tree is a pine, spruce or fir. It may be well to add
here that the cone of the fir stands up erect on the
branch, and its scales fall away from a central axis
when ripe; the cone of the pine and of the spruce do
not break their scales apart in this manner, but, when
ripe, fall from the branch, as a whole cone, with all
the scales persistent. The cones of the pine and of
the spruce hang drooping (pendulous) from the
branches, the cones of the fir stand straight up, erect,
like candles set upon a candle-stick.

The leaves of the Oriental spruce are short, stout
and blunt at the tip. They are about an inch long,
of a rich, glossy dark-green which gives the tree in
the fulness of its foliage, a dark handsome gloom.
When I come upon one of these dark and slumbrous

332

shadowed evergreens, the sight awakes in me a feel-
ing like the opening chords of Chopin’s grand Marche
Funebre, or the wonderful music of the Valhalla
motive—full of an uplifting majesty that bears the
soul to silent communion with the solemn mysteries
of the eternal. There is surely something in this.
The bright dancing flash of sunlit birch leaves is a
scherzo, and the dark shadows of the full-clothed ever-
green are those deep bass chords that go way down
in you and rock the foundations of your soul. But
to come back to our spruce. You see that the leaves
are distinctly four-sided, and that they are set singly
on the branch, completely surrounding it so that they
point in every direction. The cones of this tree are
small, about three inches long, cylindrical, of a soft,
dull brown. The cone-scales are thin, pliant, and clasp
over each other loosely. These cone scales are rounded
at the ends, but the ends, if you look at them closely,
are slightly uneven along the edges. The small cigar-
like cones are usually covered with resin of a frosty
white, and hang in thick bunches at the ends of the
branches. This tree, in its perfect development, is
indeed beautiful. It is a native of the Black Sea where
‘it grows to a height of seventy-five feet. It is of com-
pact foliage and of a distinctly conical form of growth.

Pinus ponderosa. (Western Yellow Pine. No. 26.)
Back of McGowan’s Pass Tavern, a little to the south-
east, on the ground embraced by the encircling walk,
you will see two large pine trees. They are between
thirty and forty feet high, with board-reaching boughs.
If you can get near enough to them to count the leaves

WesTERN YELLow Pine (Linus ponderosa)
Map 15. No. 26.

333

in one of the little bundles (fascicles), you will see
that they are in threes.

You have met this pine in the Ramble, and the de-
scription there given will serve for these trees. I
simply wish, here, to call your attention to these fine
specimens—the best in the Park of this variety of pine.
They are handsome fellows truly, and it will be some
time before the sapling in the Ramble reaches their
proportions. See these trees by all means.

Pyrus aucuparia. (European Mountain Ash. Rowan
Tree. No. 75.) Near the Loch, at the extreme south-
westerly corner of this section, you will find a fair
sized specimen of this beautiful foreign comrade of
our native mountain ash. You will meet it, well up on
the greensward at the left of the Walk as you come
from the Arch (over which runs the Drive) along the
path that wanders from the wooded shores of the Har-
lem Meer. After passing beneath the Arch, follow the
path southwards, through a short rock-walk, out upon
the open, with the silent and dreaming waters of the
Loch upon your right, and a broad, gentle rise of green
on your left, where it slopes up easily to the hilly heights
of McGowan’s. The mountain ash stands on this
greensward about twenty feet off to your left, as you
follow the path southerly. You may fix its position
easily if you look for it about opposite the lower flange
of the Walk which runs down close to the Loch. Itisa
small sized tree, about twenty feet high, with a bark
on the upper branches especially, which makes you
think of the peach or the cherry tree—a kind of sheen-
like gloss, like the burnish of polished metal, yet not

334

hard to look upon, but pleasing, satin-like and finished.
Look closely at the beautiful compound leaves of this
tree. They are about five to eight inches in length and
are made up of from six to eight pairs of leaflets, with
an odd one at the end. These leaflets, downy beneath,
are beautifully cut (serrate), and, note this especially,
they are obtuse at the end. This feature marks them at
once from any confusion with our native species. The
leaflets of our native mountain ash are all distinctly
sharp pointed. There are many other differences be-
tween the two trees, but if you are in doubt whether the
tree is native or foreign, look at the leaflets, a glance
will tell you. If the tree is not in foliage, look at the
winter buds. Those of the European are very densely
tomentose (hairy) while those of the American are
generally smooth, sometimes very slightly hairy. The
flowers appear in May, in dense, broad, showy cymes
of creamy-white, fully half a foot wide. They are very
handsome. The blossoms are succeeded by brilliant
scarlet or orange-red berries in heavy clusters. The
berries of the European mountain ash are larger than
those of our own tree and are much more showy.
Ulmus campestris, var. stricta purpurea. (Purple-
leaved English Elm. No. 14.) You will find this tree
on the left of the Walk as you go west from One Hun-
dred and Sixth Street Gate, not far from the fourth
fork of the Walk. It stands just beyond a white mul-
berry tree. The mulberry has mitten-shaped leaves,
glossy on the uppersides. It stands just beyond a
beautiful striped maple. The purple-leaved elm is
very beautiful in early spring, just as its leaves come

STAMINATE FLowers of THE ASH-LEAVED Marte (Negundo accroides)
Map 15. No, 9.

335

out—a tender crimson-purple. The leaves are like
those of the English elm, but longer, and with finer
serrations. The flowers are equally beautiful—little
clover-like bunches set along the branches, rose-purple
filaments and dark, blue-purple anthers.

This interesting tree, is, as has been said, easily
found by following the Walk westerly from the One
Hundred and Sixth Street Gate. Perhaps it will be
of interest to note, in approaching it, the ash-leaved
maple or box elder which is on the right of the Walk,
just beyond the lamp which guards to the second Walk
leading into the Green Houses. This is a beautiful
tree in spring, when it is hung as with lace, by its
fine, graceful, drooping flowers. They are lace itself
and the whole tree is a miracle of grace and beauty.
You can tell the tree easily by its leaves which are com-
pound and are made up of three to five oval or ovate
leaflets. These leaves somewhat resemble the look of
the leaves of the white-ash, whence its name. But the
resemblance is indeed very slight.

As you go westerly, you pass two pretty silverbell
trees, then hornbeam, then striped maple, white mul-
berry and then you come to the purple-leaved English
elm. These are all on the left of the Walk.

The silverbell has a very distinctive bark which is
one of its winter features. Whenever you come upon
it at that season of the year, when it stands out full
and clear in the bright sunshine, stripped of its foli-
age, its bark will surely appeal to you. Fine thread-
like lines, really fissures, crinkle through its dark
brown and show faint tinges of reddish brown in these

336

fissures. On older trees this streaming is very pro-
nounced, and, as you get used to the winter trees and
learn their features, this marking of the halesia or
silverbell will be one of its easy means of identification.
In summer the tree’s foliage rather hides this, but, if
you look for it, you will see it present there, unfail-
ingly. While you are here note also the silver streak-
ing or veins that mark the bark of the hornbeam.

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. Ailanthus

Explanations, Map No. 16

Common Name

. American Hornbeam,

Blue Beech, Water
Beech.

. Althzea or Rose of Sharon.
. Reeve’s Spirza.
. Weeping Golden Bell or

Forsythia.
or

Tree of

Heaven.

. Red Mulberry.

. Washington Thorn.

. White Oak.

. Norway Maple.

. Staghorn Sumac.

. Fringe Tree.

. Fly Honeysuckle.

. Sycamore Maple

. Garden Red Cherry, Mo-

rello Cherry.

. Red Maple.
. Hackberry,

Sugarberry,
Nettle Tree.

. Black Haw.
. American or White Elm.
. Weeping European Silver

Linden

. Small-leaved Elm.
. Mock Orange or Sweet

Syringa.

. Fly Honeysuckle.

BotanicaL NaME

Carpinus Caroliniana,

Hibiscus Syriacus.
Spirea Reevesiana.
Forsythia suspensa,

Ailanthus glandulosus.

Morus rubra.

Crategus cordata,
Quercus alba.

Acer platanoides.

Rhus typhina,
Chionanthus Virginica.
Lonicera xylosteum.
Acer pseudoplatanus.
Prunus cerasus.

Acer rubrum.
Celtis Occidentalts.

Viburnum prunifolium.
Fraxinus Americana,

Tilia Europea, var. argentea

(or alba) pendula.
Ulmus parvifolia.
Philadelphus coronarius,

Lonicera xylosteum,.

342

Common Name

. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Panicled Dogwood.

. Wild Yellow or Red Plum.
. Fragrant Honeysuckle.

. Mockernut or Whiteheart

Hickory.

. European Beech.
. Pin Oak.
. Weeping Golden Bell or

Forsythia.

. Panicled Hydrangea

(Large-flowered).

. European Flowering Ash.
. Cockspur Thorn.
. Indian Currant, Coral

Berry.

. Sycamore Maple.

. Copper Beech.

. Sweet Gum or Bilsted.

. English Oak.

. Sugar Maple.

. Small-fruited variety of

the Pignut Hickory.

. Common Sweet Pepper

Bush.

. Swamp White Oak.

. Black Cherry.

. Norway Spruce.

. Shagbark or Shellbark

Hickory.

. Tulip Tree.
. American White Ash,
. American Chestnut.

. Butternut.

Pignut Hickory.

Botanica, NAME

Lonicera fragrantissima.
Cornus paniculata.
Prunus Americana,
Lonicera fragrantissima,
Carya tomentosa.

Fagus sylvatica.
Quercus palustris.
Forsythia suspensa.

Hydrangea paniculata, var.
grandiflora,

Fraxinus ornus,

Crategus crus-galli.

Symphoricar pos vulgaris.

Acer pseudoplatanus.

Fagus sylvatica, var. cuprea.

Liquidambar styraciflua.

Quercus robur.

Acer saccharinum.

Carya porcina, var. micro
carpa,

Clethra alnifolia.

Quercus bicolor.
Prunus serotina,
Picea excelsa.
Carya alba,

Liriodendron tulipifera.

Fraxinus Americana.

Castanea sativa, var. Amert-
cana,

Juglans cinerea.

Carya porcina.

. Rhododendron

343

Common Name

. Sassafras:
. Japan Arbor Vite (Va-

riety squarrosa).

(Rosy-
lilac colored flowers).

. Tree Box or Boxwood.
. Oriental Spruce.
. Plume-leafed Japan,

Arbor Vite.

. European White Birch.
. Cherry Birch, Sweet Birch,

Black Birch.

. American Gray or White

Birch.

. Washington Thorn.
. Pignut Hickory (Small-

fruited variety).

. Hop Hornbeam or Iron-

wood.

. Giant Arbor Vite.
. Pignut Hickory.
. Ninebark (Golden-leaved).

. Thunberg’s Barberry.
. European Silver Linden.

. Black Cherry.

. Bald Cypress.

. White Willow.

. Hop Hornbeam or Iron-

wood.

. Common Locust.
. Shadbush, June Berry,

Service Berry.

. Ninebark.

BotanicaL NAME

Sassafras officinale.

Chamecyparis (or Retinos-
pora) pisifera, var. squar-
rosa.

Rhododendron, var. Everestia-
num.

Buxus sempervirens,

Picea Orientalis.

Chamecyparis (or Rétinos-
pora) pisifera, var. plumosa,

Betula alba,

Betula lenta,

Betula populifolia.

Crategus cordata.

Carya porcina, var.
carpa.

Ostrya Virginica.

micro-

Thuya gigantea.

Carya porcina.

Physocarpus (or Spirea) opu-

lifolia, var. aurea.

Berberis Thunbergit.

Tilia Europea, var. argentea
(or alba).

Prunus serotina.

Taxodium distichum.

Salix alba.

Ostrya Virginica,

Robinia pseudacacia.
Amelanchier Canadensis.

Physocarpus (or Spirea) opu-
lifolia.

344

Common NAME

. Choke Cherry. .

. Rhodotypos.

. Umbel-flowered Oleaster.
. English Hawthorn.

. English Oak.

. American Beech.

. Large-flowered Mock Or-

ange or Syringa.

BotanicaL NaME

Prunus Virginiana,
Rhodotypos kerrtoides.
Eleagnus umbeliata.
Crategus oxyacantha,
Quercus robur.

Fagus ferruginea.
Philadelphus grandiflorus.

XVI.
THE CONCOURSE AND VICINITY

This Section embraces the larger portion of the most
beautifully wooded portion of the Park. The formation
is natural and the paths wind through these sylvan
glades with all the delightful mystery and charm of the
country woods. They climb over rocks in delightful
abandon and loiter by sleeping waters that mirror the
living green of the trees and the blue of the sky. Over-
head the swaying canopies of leaves whisper to every
breeze. Here you can feel far away from the city.

About the Concourse itself, the high ground gives
broad and open vistas at every step. The view here, out
over the northwestern corner of the Park, is impressive,
with the broad sweeps of lawn, the rolling masses of
trees and the roofs of the city fading away in the far-
ther distance. In this area there are not many things
which you have not come upon in other parts of the
Park. But some there are, and regarding such, let us
now consider them in detail :—

Carya porcina, var. microcarpa. (Smaill-fruited va-
riety of the Pignut Hickory. No. 40.) Follow the path
that runs along the southerly side of “The Concourse”
to the place where it branches off northeasterly to split
again, after a short run, into another fork, one branch
continuing on to meet and cross the Drive, the other to
run under an Arbor and cross the same Drive some dis-

346

tance to the southerly. Just as this last branch forks,
the one to the right (easterly) as you go northeasterly,
you will find this hickory. It isa medium sized tree and
stands just beyond a sugar maple. You can pick it out
at once by its compound leaves made up of five and
seven leaflets. The leaflets are long pointed, finely ser-
rated and rather lance oblong in form. They are quite
smooth and rather glandular beneath. This tree, on
account of its bark, which is often shaggy, has been
called the false shagbark. But its winter buds are very
different from the shagbark’s, being small and ovate,
while those of the shagbark are fairly large, with
strong, blackish outer scales, very pubescent on both
the entire bud and the end twigs. The fruit of the
microcarpa usually splits only about half way down the
husk. As I have said before, the winter buds have a
story of their own, in the identification of the trees.
Learn to read their story. Especially interesting is it
in the oaks and hickories. The bud of the shagbark
has distinct, almost blackish, outer scales, which run
out into what appear to be small snail-like horns as you
see them against the winter’s sky. The pignut proper
has egg-shaped buds, rather pointed, of a smooth red-
dish brown, not having the conspicuous outer black
scales of the shagbark. The buds of the microcarpa are
small and roundish. So you can distinguish these hick-
ories by the buds alone. The shaggy, ragged bark of
the shagbark is of itself quite enough to identify this
tree, when noted, but between the pignut and the micro-
carpa it is sometimes confusing to discriminate. If it is
winter, look at the buds; if summer, the leaves. The

347

mucrocarpa generally has five leaflets, but sometimes has
five and seven. You will find a good pignut, in this
area, near the old Block House. You will find it easily
by referring to the map. The leaf-stem of the pignut
(porcina) is generally smooth—a distinguishing feature
of the tree.

Juglans cinerea. (Butternut. White Walnut. No.
49.) Enter the Park at One Hundred and Tenth Street
and Central Park West and, after going down the series
of steps, take the left-hand fork of the Walk and go
east. This Walk runs almost parallel with One Hun-
dred and Tenth Street. Follow the Walk until you
come to a large rock mass which is close to the left of
the Walk. Just before you come to this rock mass, you
will pass two hackberries, on the left of the Walk. The
hackberries are easily recognized by the warty ridges
and knobs on the lower parts of their trunks. Directly
back (north) of these two hackberries, close by the
rock, stands the butternut. It was once a much better
tree than it is now. You can identify it by its compound
leaves made up of from eleven to seventeen, round-
based, oblong-lanceolate leaflets, set in pairs (or nearly
so), along the sticky, gummy leaf-stalks. The leaflets
are serrate, downy on the undersides, and have an oily
feeling to the touch. In their very sticky and gummy
leaf-stalks and oily leaflets, they differ from the leaves
of the black walnut. Notice, too, the light gray fur-
rowed bark that makes you think of the trunk of a
chestnut, so different from the heavy looking, dark
bark of the black walnut. The fruit is of a truth a but-
ternut, with a husk, oily and sticky in the extreme,

348

oblong in shape, and very decidedly pointed. The nut
itself is thick shelled, with irregular, ragged ridges.
Opposite the butternut, on the right of the Walk, is a
bald cypress with fine feather-like leaf sprays, and if
you continue easterly on this Walk, you will find two
more just before you come to the next fork of the Walk,
on your right, A fine old black cherry, with rough bark
and glossy, lance-oblong leaves, stands just beyond, on
the left of the Walk, facing the little right-hand offshoot
of the path. Continuing, on the left of the Walk, not
far from the Seventh Avenue and One Hundred and
Tenth Street Gate, is sycamore maple, with large, thick,
five-lobed leaves, on long reddish leafstems (petioles).

Morus rubra. (Red Mulberry. No.6.) If you enter
the Park at the West One Hundred and Third Street
Gate, and proceed easterly up some steps to the second
fork of the Walk, in the V of the fork, almost in the
point of the V, you will find a fair sample of this tree.
You see that its leaves are rough and dull green on the
uppersides—very different from the smooth and shining
green leaves of the white mulberry. This is one pretty
good way to note the differences between these two
mulberries ; the red has very rough, thick leaves which
are not shining; the white has thin, smooth (upper-
sides) shining, light green leaves. While you are here
let me call your attention to the mass of Rose of Sharon,
at the right of the first set of steps. In between the
Rose of Sharon and the steps is Reeve’s Spirzea, easily
distinguished by its low form, fine branches, and lance-
olate leaves. Handsome sweeping masses of Forsythia
Suspensa make a beautiful bank effect, just to the right

.349

of the first steps, above the spirzea. Some of the leaves
of the suspensa are distinctly tri-foliate—three together,
one large and two tiny little ones, at its base. A hand-
some ailanthus stands by the second flight of steps. In
the fork by the mulberry, you will find some interesting
things. Just beyond the mulberry is a Washington
thorn, known by its thorns and cordate leaves. If you
take the right-hand branch of the fork here and follow
it around to a rock mass beyond, about midway between
fork and lamp, on the left of the Walk, is a good speci-
men of garden cherry, with reddish-brown, birch-like
bark.

Prunus Americana. (Wild Yellow or Red Plum.
No. 25.) You can find this tree easily if you keep on
the path you followed to see the red mulberry, entering
from West One Hundred and Third Street. Follow
the branch path around by the rock mass, out upon the
Concourse Walk, turn off at the next fork of the Walk,
and go southerly. The tree stands by the left of the
Walk as you bend around to the west. It stands oppo-
site a black haw and a hackberry, on the south of the
Walk (your left now). The hackberry has oblique
leaves and warty ridges on its trunk. The black haw’s
leaves have wings or flanges along their leaf-stems.
The wild plum is across the Walk, about midway be-
tween these two trees. It is a low tree, and you can pick
it out easily by its thorns, for it has plenty of them. Its
general form is round-headed, and the head is massed
thick with crooked and crowded branches. The older
branches are very thorny. In April or May the little
tree puts out its flowers, very pretty and tender to look

350

upon, in close crowded clusters, sessile umbels, near the
ends of last season’s shoots, before the leaves appear.
They are very plum-like, five-petaled, and white. The
fruit follows in late summer, still green in August,
nearly round, or rather roundish egg-shape, a little
flattened. When ripe it becomes a reddish-orange color.
The stone is very much flattened, and has an almost
razor-like border. The leaves of the tree are pubes-
cent when young, but finally become smooth. They are
quite long-pointed and have rounded bases. In general
form they are ovate. Their margins are doubly and
coarsely serrate.

Salix alba. (White Willow. No. 70.) Take the
right-hand Walk at the Gate, One Hundred and Tenth
Street and Central Park West, and go down the series
of steps there; bend to your left, toward the Arch that
runs under the Drive. In between the steps and the
wall that carries the Arch and the Drive, you will see
two willow trees. These are pretty fair examples of the
white willow. They have lanceolate leaves, narrow and
pointed, finely serrate and are covered with white, silky
hairs. These hairs are very dense on the undersides
of the leaves and give them the white appearance that
has given the tree its name—white (alba) willow. In
other parts of the Park you have met the golden willow.
It is almost the same as the white willow, except that its
branches and end shoots turn in winter to a beautiful
brassy yellow. This is the variety vitellina, of the white
willow. Opposite the white willows here, on the right
of the Walk, almost directly opposite the last pair of
steps, are two hop-hornbeams, with shaggy bark.

351

Thuya gigantea. (Giant Arbor Vite. No. 63.)
Take the path that leads off to southwest from the
old Block House, crowning the magnificent battlements
of rock due south from the Gate at Seventh Avenue and
One Hundred and Tenth Street, past a good-sized shag-
bark hickory (bark very shaggy on the tree and note
the buds) and a hop-hornbeam just beyond it, until you
come to a junction of Walk a short distance, twenty-five
or thirty feet, to the southwest. In the westerly corner
of this junction you will find the giant arbor vite. It
differs from our common native arbor vite (Thuya
Occidentalis) in having its scale-like leaves larger and
more pointed.

While you are here, swing around to your left (east)
and have a look at the fine old pignut hickory a little
off to the south of the Walk. Note its smooth leaf-
stems. A sturdy little black haw stands just a little to
the southeast of the pignut. The black haw has round-
ish, plum-like leaves with fine wing-like flanges (dull
crimson or faintly reddish) along the edges of the leaf-
stems.

352

INDEX OF COMMON NAMES.

[Numerals in brackets indicate text pages on which the trees
or shrubs are either mentioned or described. Numerals in
full face type refer to the explanation tables and numerals
following the full face type, refer to the tree or shrub number

on each table.]

Abele Tree [75], 2, 36; 14, 67;
15, 104.

Acacia, Rose [30], 1, 46; 4, 49.

Acanthopanax [44], 1, 87; 9,

2.
Adam’s Needle [23], 6, 51;
Io, 78.
Ailanthus or Tree of Heaven
[32], 1) 425 2) 90; 5, 107;
7, 25; 9, 49; 10, 77; 13,
393 14, 70; 16, 5.
Alder, Black, or Common
Winterberry [65], 2, 34;
3, 67; 4, 66.
European [228], 1, 67; 5,
94; 6, 35; 8, 14.
Green [159], 5, 100.
Heart-leaved [31], I, 50.
Mountain [159], 5, roo.
Smooth [322], 15, 87.
Tree. See Alder, Euro-

pean,
Allspice, Carolina [51], 1, 120;

» 09.
Althza [171], 2, 59; 3, 65; 6,
16; 8, 36; 16, 2.
Andromeda, Catesby’s [191],
7, 28, 100; I0, 69; 14, 25.
Angelica Tree [288], 8, 33; 13,

42.
Apple, Teel Double-flower-
ing [158], 5, 99.
Crab, Double-flowering
Chinese [85], 2, 53.
Crab, Siberian, 2, 17.

Crab, Soulard’s [305], 14,
63.
Arbor Vite, American [170],
4, 26; 6,157, 71512, 50;
14, 80.
Eastern [260], 10, 47.
Giant [351], 10, 24; 16, 63.

Japan, Golden lume-
leaved [23], 8, 83; 10, 13;
12, 443

443
Japan, Pea-fruiting [178],

49.
Japan, Plume-leaved [23],
Ty 30; 4, 27; 5, 61; 6, 13,
79; 7, 38; 10, II, 41; 12,
II; 15, 91; 16, 56.
Japan, Obtuse-leaved [302],
14,49.
Japan, Variety squarrosa
eer, 10, 56; 15, 28; 16,
52.
Arrowwood [15], 1, 15; 5, 39;
a 44; 9, 13; 13, 48; 15,

Maple-leaved [214], 7, 107.
Ash, American White [79], 2,
46; 3, 62; 4, 23; 5, 63,
66; 7, 62;9, 51; 10, 37;
12, 48; 15, 79; 16, 47.
Bosce’s Red t81, I, 98.
ee as {r14], 3, 64; 12,

European Flowering [10],
I, 2; 16, 32.

353

European, Weeping [114],

3, 09.
Hybrid [69], 2, rox.
Ashberry. See Barberry,
Holly-leaved.
Aucuba, Japan [171], 6, 18.
Azalea, Caucasian [171], 6, 4

Clammy [192], 7, 45.
Flaming [177], 6, 76.

Japan [324], 15, 48.
Lovely [177], 6, 75; 7, 28,
89; 10, 06, 98; 14, 22; 15,

40.
Pink [170], 6, 3; '7, 106.
White [ios), oa,
Bamboo, Japan [155], 5, 25.
Barberry, Common [132], 4,
56; Il, 7.
Holly-leaved [176], 6, 59;
10, 433; 12, 43; 14, 13.

Japan. See Barberry,
Thunberg’s.
Oregon. See Barberry,

Holly-leaved.
Siebold’s [175], 6, 64.
Thunberg’s [21], 2, 20; 5»
17; 6, 25, 03: 8, 69; 9, 6;
10, 30; 12, 8; 15, 68; 16,
66

Basswood [135], 2, 76; 3, 553
4, i es 10; 9, 27; 13, 14;

15;
Bay, Bose [207], 6, 78.
Sweet [172], 5, 83, 88; 6,
ae 7, 53, 81; 8, 55; 15,

Bayberry [259], 4, 793 10, 39-
Beam Tree, White [138], 4,

44.
Bee Tree. See Basswood.

Beech, American [112], 3, 39;
5, 69; 6, 10; iP 6; 9, 35;

14, 42; 15) 3; 16 80.
Blue. &3 Hornbeam,

American.

European [289], 1, 69; 2,
40, 44; ae 14) 70; 5y 43,

104, 113; 8, 13; 9, 21; 135
21, 26; 14, 81% 15, 76; 16,
28.

European Copper [61], 2, 4,
83313, 11; 16, 36.

European, Cut-leaved[153],
Pa 31, 119; 6, 52; 8, 38,

oe Purple [30], 1
48; 2, 955 3, 56; 10, 88."
European Weeping [r12],
3, 42; 75 76.
Fern-leaved [22], 1, 29.
Water. See eeicanin
American.
Bilsted [47], 1, 106; 2, 393 35
16; 7) 7; 13) 15; 16, 37.
Bindweed, Japan Hedge [24],
I, 13; 8, 57.
Birch, American White or
Gray [64], 1, 119; 9, 24,
ae 10, 55; 12, 18; 13, 7,
; 14, 66; 16, 59-
Black (nigra) [25], I, 32.
Black (lenta) [193], 3, 66; 7,
9239) 55; 13, 535 15y 92;

16, 58.
Canoe [64], 7, 74; 10, 75.
Cherry, Sweet, or Black

lenta [193], 35 66; 7:92; ad

553 13) 53; 15, 92; 16, 58.
Etiropean White i6a], I,

68; 2, 7; 5) 6; 7, 103; 8,
24, 35; 68, 85; 10, 20, 54;
I2, 47, 51; 15, 16, 42; 16,

Berspean White, Cut-
leaved Weeping [116], 3,
733 10, 31; 12, 5.

European White, Weeping,
53 27; 15,

Hopeen White, Pas
leaved [154], 5, 8.

Paper [64], 7, 74; 10, 75.

354

Red or River [25], 1, 32; 12,

29; 13; 4-

River. See Birch, Black
(nigra).

Sweet. See Birch, Cherry,

Yellow [110], 3, 84.
Bitternut [194], 7, 108.
Blackberry 14, 32.

Cut-leaved [133], 4, 63.

European [47].

Bladder Nut, American [36]
I, 122.
European [119], 5, 18.
Japan [131], 4, 94.
Bladder Senna [136], 4, 16;
7, 85; 8, 95.

Blueberry, Common Swamp.
See Blueberry, High- ee

High-bush [213], 7, 41; 8,

23; 10, 18, 68; 12, 49; 14,
2i.

Bocconia [323], 15, 50.

Box Elder [336], 1, 44; 15, 9,

57-

Boxwood [52], 1, 113; 6, 55;
10, 38; 12, 14, 53; 14, 18;
16, 54.

Buckeye, Red [40], 1, 84.

Yellow or Sweet [39], 1, 81.

Buckthorn, Common [85], 1,

ve 2, 58; 87; 5, 41; 15,

Sea ‘27s, 12, 31.
Butternut poe 5, 116; 13,

55; 16, 4
Buttonball (7) 41535, 54395

25;
Buttonbush Taal 6, 44; 8,
42; 10, 11S.
Buttonwood [87], 4) 53 5) 543
10, 72.
Catalba, Range’ s [231], 8, 43;
Dane or Japan [231], 8
4359) 9-

Hardy or Western [36], 1,

72.
Southern [22], 1, 66; 2, 26;
3) 793 4y 225 5y 38; 6, 31;
7, 58; 8, 50; 9, 41; 12,55;
13, 27; 14, 57; 15) 44.
Cedar, African [173], 5, 85; 6,

30.

Deodar or Indian [325], 15,
37-

Japan [196], 7, 24; 10, 45;
14, 45.

Lebanon [261], 10, 64; 15,
67.

Mount Atlas [173], 5, 85; 6,

30.
Red [137], 4, 743 a 12; 9,
32; 10, 51; 15, 80.
Silver [173], 5) 85; 6, 30.
Celandine, Tree [323], 15, 50.
Cephalotaxus [35], 1, 71; 6,
56; 7, 43; 10, 19, 48.
Cherry, Bird [203], 7, 26.
Bird, European [290], 5,
973 7) 353 10, 733 13, 31.
Black [138], 1, es 47; 3;
4) 3455, 12; 68; 6, 11, 42;
71 5, 91; 8, 40; 9, 38; 10,
49; 12, 52,13, 22; 14, 54;
15, 72; 16, 43,
Choke 2, 28; 16, 75.
Cornelian [50], 1, 110; 5,
533 13) 133 14, 29.
European [77], 2, 45; 4) 733

8, 94.

Garden Red [349], 5) 29; 9,
56; 16, 14

ere eat 2, 453 4) 733

Medan [203], 7, 26.
Morello [349], 5) 293 9) 56;
16, 14.
Chestnut, American [242], 1,
102; 3) 353 4, 36; 7, 36;
14, 38; 15, 81; 16, 48.
Spanish [242], 1,#127; 9, 62.

355

Chokeberry, Black [131], 4,
6

96.
Common [131], 4, 95.
Cinquefoil, Shrubby [264], 10,

103.

Coffee Tree, Kentucky [69], 2,
225 3,83; 7, 59:9) 48; 11,
2; 12, 16; 15, 23, 100.

Coral Berry [212], 4, 29, 55;
IO, I0; 12, 41; 16, 34.

Cork Tree, Chinese [329], 2,
353 5) 35; 12, 1; 15, 11.

Corylopsis [195], 7, 67; 15, 33-

Cotoneaster [117], 3, IOI.

Cottonwood [17], 1, 17; 2, 18;
4, 65; 5) 71, 933 6, 36; 8,
10; 9, 50; 14, 58; 15, 6.

Cranberry, Dwarf [264], 10,
Iol.

High-bush [212], 6, 68; 10,

Io2.

Cucumber Tree [199], 5, 86; 6,

337, OF.
Cup Bilt [67], 2) 293 4, 323

10, 93.
Currant, Buffalo or Golden
[208], 7, 96; 8, 47.
Indian, or Coral Berry
[212], 4, 29, 55; 10, 10;
I2, 41; 16,34.
Missouri [208], 7, 96; 8, 47.
Cypress, Bald [12], 1, 7; 3,37;
5) 59; 8) 215 9, 575 10, 46;
14, 59; 15, 88; 16, 69. ;
Deutzia, Bush or Fortune’s
[ox], 2) 99; 5) 42; 95 333
Io, 28. .
Bush or Fortune’s, Variety
Pride of Rochester [91], 2,
100; 7, 105.
Slender [21], 1, 28; 4, 86.
Devil’s Walking Stick [288],
8, 335 13, 42.
Dockmackie [214], 7) 107.
Dogwood, Alternate-leaved
[135], 3) 913 4) 77; 6 473
10, 113.

Flowering [106], 3, 48; 7,
37, 88; 8, 15, 26; 9, 29;
14, 46; 15, 84.

Panicled [46], 1, 99; 5, I11;
10, 35, 36; 16, 24.

Red-stemmed [134], 3, 88;
4, 84; 5, 36; 9, 47.

Red Osier [43], 1, 4; 35 72;
5,105; 7, 47; 8, 54, 84; 9,
28;12,9;14, 17; 15, Ior.

Silky. See Dogwood,Swamp.

Swamp or Silky [243], 4,
67; 9, 23; 10, 86.
White-fruited [134], 3,
88; 4, 84; 5, 36; 9, 47.

Elder, Common [139], 4, 90;
8, 46; 14, 62.

European [290], 13, 18.

Mountain or Red-berried
[39], 1, 123.

Elm, American or White [12],
I, I; 2, 12; 3, 68; 4, 18,
30, 38, 54; 5, 14, 48, 108;
9, 5; 10, 16, 58; 13,9; 14,
8; 16, 18.

American Cork [309], 14,

12.

Camperdown [115], 3, 61.

English [82], 1, 55; 2, 233,
3) 31; 4) 43; 5) 47, 73395
20; 11, 9; 14, 4; 15, 78.

English Cork-bark 4, 3; 5,
102; Q, OI.

English, Long-stemmed
[157], 5: 32.

English, Purple-leaved
[334], 15, 24.

English, Smooth-leaved

[39], I, 76; II, Io.

Field. See Elm, English.

Red [212], 7, 98.

Rock [309], 14, 12.

Scotch or Wych [66], 1, 35,
78; 2, 133 3) 46; 4, 17; 5,
56, 65, 75; 8, 91; 9, 46;
IO, 108; II, 6; 14, 39.

356

Siberian [111], 3, 54; 16, 20.
Slippery [212], 7, 98; 8, 76.
Small-leaved or Siberian
[rz], 3, 54; 16, 20.
Wych. See Elm, Scotch.
Fir ,Cephalonian Silver 10, 70.
Nordmann’s Silver [x 55], 3»
223 5, *3, 81; 10, 6; 12,
34 4e 15, 3 ,
Fontanesia (6a), I, 1073 4,
48; 10, 9; 14, 74.
Forsythia {r 5], I, 18.
Weeping [41], 1, 62; 2, 89;
4, 13; 10, 61; 14, 35; 15,
61; 16, 4, 30.
Fringe Tree [51], 1, 116; 3, 6,
94; 5, 98; 8, 20, 48; 16,

II.

Ginkgo Tree or Maidenhair
Tree [119], 3) 753 5; 64;
12, 33; 15) 105

Globe Flower, ‘Spat Rose or
Kerria. See Kerria.

Golden Bell or Forsythia. See
Forsythia.

Golden Bell, Weeping. See
Fi orsythia, ae

Groundsel Tree [226], 8

Guelder Rose [176], 4, as 55

* 51; 6, 67; 10, 99.

Hackberry, Sugarberry, or
Nettle Tree [105], 3, 2; 4)
85; 7, 56; 8, 8, 75; 10, 2;
13, 12; 14, 71; 15, 19; 16,

16.

Haw, Black [32], 1, 11; 2, 84;

4) 3755) 4039, 18; 10, 22; |

12, 2; 13, 47; 15, 52; 16,

17.
Hawthorn, Dotted-fruited

(45], T5933 12, 27.

English [29], 1, 40, 91372,
653 3) 10; 7, 32; 8, 5; 11,
5313) 50; 14, 52, 76, 79;
16, 78.

English (Pink Single Flow-
ers) [175], 6, 48.

English(Pink Double Flow-
ers) [69].
Large-thorned [42], 1, 63;
8, 89; 12, 26; 15,
Hawthorn (See also horn).
Hazel, American [141], 4, 33;
8, 86; 14, 77.
European [155], 3) 90.
European, Purple-leaved
[154], I, a 5,9, 57; 8,
51; 15, 36
Heather, 10, 97

Hemlock [137], 3, 1334, 28375
64; 10, 21; 14, 4
ee Club [288], 8 9 335
Bigkae. Bitten {z94], 75

108.
Broom. See Hickory, Pig-

nut.

Mockernut or White-heart
[307], I) 105375 2, 90; 13,
20; 14, 20; 16, 27.

Pignut [90], 1,92, 97; 2, 64;
4, 40, 6 a 1,13, 17;14;
53; 16,

Pignut, grail ‘uited [345],

3, 19; 16, 4o, 61.

Shagbark [67], 1, 95; 2, 31;
3,17; 4437) 3; 10, 25; 13,
54314, 41, 51; 15, 18; 16,

45-
Shelibark.
Shagbark.
Swamp [194], 7, 108.
Holly, American [66], 2, 30; 7,
40; 15, 47.
European [177], 6, 74.
Japan [177], 6, 77; 10, tro;

15, 66.
Honeysuckle, European [19],

See Hickory

I, 27.

Fly [72], 2, 21; 16, 12, 22.
Fragrant [38], 1, 56, 77; 2,
24; 3y 14; 4, 61; 5, 89;
22,7, 94; 10, 79; 12, 15;
13) 44; 14, 10; 16, 23, 26.

357

Morrow’s [117], 3, 87.
Standish’s [49], 1, 118; 8,
88; 13, 41.
Tartarian [225], 1, 126; 8,
2; 10, 80, 94.
Tartarian. Variety alba
are ule om
ite Swamp [192], 7, 45.
Wild [170], 6, 3; 7, 106. ;
Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil
[52], I, 114; 2, 78; 3, 76;
4, 4; 8, 22.
Hornbeam, American [73], 1,
10, 47; 2, 19; 3, 18; 4, 22;
5, 106; 8, 74; 9, 19; 14,
31; 15, 8; 16, 1.
European [44], 10, go.
Hop [83], 2, 51; 9, 63; 13;
24; 15, 82; 16, 62, 71.
Horsechestnut, Common [40],
I, 64; 2, I; 3) 453 5, TIO;
9, 45; 12, 46; 13, 3; 14,
403; 15, 24, 69.
Dwarf or Large-racemed
[r90], 75 4.
Red-flowering [241], 9, 43.

Hydrangea, Climbing [210],

Gatien [176], 6, 60.

Hardy or Panicled [116], 1,
58; 3) 713 5) 22; 16, 31.

Oak-leaved [51], I, 115.

Panicled. See Hydrangea,
Hardy.

Snowy [64], 25 9.
Idesia [328], 15, 21.
Indian Bean Tree.

talpa, Southern.
Indigo, False [70], 2, 25, 93-
Tronwood [83], 2, 51; 9, 93;
13, 24; 15, 82; 16, 62, 71.
Ivy, Japan [47].
Japan Zebra Grass [z73], 45

76; 6, 15. .
i Early-flowering,
[171], 6, 6; 15, 46.

See Ca-

?
Jessamine,

Judas Tree or Redbud [33], 1,
99; 3,7; 8, 4.
Japan [171], 6, 5.
June Berry [50], 1, 1213 3, 153
5) 595 75 52; 8, 25; 12, 32;
14, 473 16, 73.
Juniper, Chinese [261], 8, 82;
10, 14; 12, 30.
Prostrate [260], 10, 23.
Savin [264], 10, 100.
Scaled [262], 6, 58; 10, 85.
Katsura Tree [326], 15, 45.
Kentucky Coffee Tree [69], 2,
22; 3, 8357, 5959, 48; 11,
2; 12, 16; 15, 23, Ioo.
Kerria [10], 1, 21; 7, 101; 8,

92.
Double-flowered 10, 15, 59.
Kinnikinnik [243], 4, 67; 9,
23; 10, 86. -
Keelrenteria or Varnish Tree
[17], 1, 19; 5, 82; 6, 23; 8,
18; 15, 98.
Larch, Chinese Golden [258],
10, 40.
European [265], 7, 83; 10,
4, 111; 14, 56515, 55, 71-
European, Weeping, 10,

53-
Laurel, Great [207], 6, 78.
Mountain [198], 7, 51.
Lemon, Japan [44], 1, 88; 15,

3 ri
Lilac, Chinese [132], 4, 81; 5,
IIS.
Common, 7, 77, 1095 9» 34-
Josika [132], 4, 80; 9, 12.
Pekin [132], 4, 91.
Persian [175], 1, 108; 6, 66;
72.793 Qs 33-
Lily; Day [270], 9, 59; 11, 1.
Mound [132], 4) 57-
Lily of the Valley Tree [301],
10, 67; 14, 22; 15, 49.
Linden, American [88], 2, 76;
3, 55; 4, 68; 5, 10; 9, 27;
13, 143 I5y 20.

358

Crimean [308], 14, z.

European [76], 2, 42; 3, 50;
7, 84; 8, 66; 9, 11, 58;

. 13, 233 15, 106.

European, Broad-leaved, 9,
60.

European Silver [61], 2, 3;
IT, 12; 13, 46; 15, 95; 16,
6

oe
European Silver, Weeping
[133], 3) 573 4,64; 5) 70;
8, 65; 13, 5, 45; 16, 19.
Locust, Bristly, Rose Acacia
or Moss Locust [30],1, 46;

4) 97-

Common [117], 1, 45; 2) 57;
3, 12; 8, 19; 9, 44; 14,
72518, 96; 16, 72.

Honey [28], 1, 393 25 433 35
60; 4, 52;8, 3; 10, 89; 11,
4; 13, 1; 14, 69; 15, 4

Moss [30], ty 46; 4, 97.

Magnolia, Chinese White or
Yulan [142], 4, 725.7, 273

9, 40.
oe bee [174], 5,95; 6,
Hal’ $ fone [38], I, hie

Mountain [199], 5, 86; 6,
33; 7, 6.

Purple [171], 6, HO:

Soulange’s [200], 6, 713;'7,

17.
Swamp [172], 5, 83, 88; 6,
273 Ty 53: 81; 8, 55; 15,

Maddertbedr Tree [119], 3, 75;
5, 64; 12, 33; 15, 105
Mallow, California Rose iS 56],

5, 121.
Maple, Ash-leaved or Box
Elder [336], 1, 44; 155 9,

57:
Black Sugar or Black [287],

13, 52.
Colchicum-leaved [143], 4,
69.

English or Field [20], 1, 24;

2, 15.
Italian [319], 15, 31.
Japan‘[154], 5, 2; 9, 17.
Large-leaved [319], Pie 35-
Mountain [189], 7, 65.
Norway [84], 1, 104; 2, 753
4, II, 53, 72; 5, 120; 8,
17; 9, 4; 10, 32, 84; 12,
20; 13, 6; 14, 6; 15, 15;

16, 9.
Norway, Purple-leaved, 5,

37-

Oregon [319], 15, 35.

Red [81], 1, 49, 82; 2, 10; 3,
475 45 313 5 445 7) 49; 8,
II; 9, 37; 10, 26; 12, 42;
13, 38; 14, 11; 15, 58; 16,

15.
Rock [84], 2, 38; 4, 19; 5,
34; 6, 81; a 27; 13, 83

.14, 5; 16, 3

Silver or White [137], 1) 33
2, 23, 49; 3) 523 4, 2, 25;
5, 40; 7, 86; 8, 6; 13, 43;
14, 43; 15, 102.

Striped [321], 15, 12.

Sugar [84], 2, 38; 4, 19; 5,
34; 6, 81; = 27; 13, 8;
14, 5; 16, 39.

Sycamore reels I, 333 2, 82;
3, II; 4, 10; 5, 49, oe
9, 54; 11, 3; 12, 61: 13,2
14, 73; 15, 25; 16, 13, 35.

Sycamore, Purple-leaved
[40], 1, 83.

Tartarian, Takes Ginnala
[x90], 7, 66.

Matrimony Vine [33], 2,923 4,

59.
Moosewood [321
Mountain-ash,

[333], 15, 75.
Mulberry, Paper [74], 2, 333

, 15, 12.
turopean

87.
Red 11348], 2, 41; 10, 3; 16,

ano

White [92], 1, 34; 2, 54; 3,
7°; 4, 47, 75; 8, 87; 12,

38; 15, 13.
see Wax [259], 4, 79; 10,

Naeyocae [291], 13, 40.
Nettle Tree. See Hackberry.
Ninebark [18], 1, 25; 2, 8; 5,
79; 10, 42; 12, 3; 13, 37;
15, 73; 16, 74.
Golden-leaved [20], 1, 26;
16, 65.
Oak, Black [204], 7, 16; 8, 90;
14, 78; 15, 77.
Bur re Cup [113], 3,
38;
Giesinte [71], 2, 143 4, 35.
English [34], 1, 593 2, 70; 35
25, 82; 5, 1; 9, 8, 42; 13,
25; 15, 27; 16, 38, 79.
English, Weeping [107], 3,

Laurel [159], 5, 72.
sey Cup [113], 3, 38; 8,

Go See Oak, Mossy
Cup.

Pin or Swamp Spanish [82],
2,945 3) 41; 4, 635, 4556,
40; 7, 8, 22, 30, 11039, 3;
10, 17; 11, 8; 12, 57; 13)
335 14) 33 15, 2; 16, 29.

Post [205], 7) 23-

Pyramid [107], 3, 24.

Red [34], I, 573 3) 29; 4193
577; 9) 93 7) 953 12, 60;
13) 49; 14) 55; 15s 53) 59-

Scarlet [111], I, 36; 2, 11;

3» 533 4s 39; 9) 41, 57375
15; 8, 773 13) 353 14 65;
15, 62

Shingle [159], 5) 72-
Swamp Spanish. See Oak
Pin.

Swamp White [306], 2, 48;
3) 4334) 755,127; 6, 43;
8, 28; 12, 40; 13, 51; 14,
24; 16, 42.

Turkey [91], 2, 69; 3, 33; 4»
8; 8, 3259, 10; 10, 71; 11,
II; 12, 23; 13, 28; 15, 5

White [81], 1, 96; 2, 50; 3,
oat 41; 7, 14; 14, 64;

16, 8.
Willow [156], 5, 19, 76.
Oleaster or Wild Olive [72], 2,
6; 10, 92, 105.
Japan [175].
Many-flowered [87], 2, 73.
Umbel-flowered [154], 5, 5;

_ 16, 77.
Olive, Wild. See Oleaster.
Orange, Mock. See Syringa.
Osage [134], 1, 122; 3) 53 45
12;'7, 87; 8, 16; 10, 5; 14,

75:
Osier, European or Siberian
Red [134], 3, 88; 4, 8455,

35; Oy 47.
Wild Red [43], 1, 4; 3) 723

5) 105; 7, 47; 8, 54, 8439,
28; 12,9;14,17; 15, 1of.

Pagoda Tree, Japan [115], 1,
103; 3s 74; 7, 78; 8, 34.

Paulownia, mperial [22], 1,
31; 2, 68; 5, 60; 6, 24; 7,
73; 8, 52; 12, 54.

Pea Aiea, Siberian [84], 2, 80,
88; 3) 63; 7) 79; 12, 24.

Pear, Common [70], 2, 96; 3,

oO.
Bead Bush [233], I) 733 4) 58.
Pepper Bush, Common
Sweet [66], x I, 9; 16, 41.
Pepperidge [90], 2, 62; 3, St.
Persimmon [45], 1, 943 5 103;

7, 48.

Pine, uetaen [14], 1, 16; 2,
66, 81; 5, 3; 6, 80; 7, 99;
8, 79; 10, 12; 12, 10; 14,
27; 15; 29, 39-

360

Bhotan [93], 6, 53; 7) 95 10,
34; 12, 22; 14, 33.

Corsican [r07], 3, 23-

oe peer 5) 4; 10, 44;
12,

Sootele foal, I, 61; 4, 20; 5,
74; °'7, II; IO, I, 29; 12,

19.
Swiss Stone [93], 6 °, 543 9s
39; 10, 57; 14, 28
Western Yellow [202], A
82; 15, 26.
White [93], 15 5; 2) 525 3s
493 4, 143 5y 78; 6, 29; 7,
13, 60; 8, 80; 10, 63; 12,
He 15) 97-
Yellow [278], 12, 21.
Pink, Moss or Ground, 10, 60.
Pinxter Flower [170], 6, 3; 7,
ro06.
Plane Tree, Oriental [87], 2,
71,91} 3, 4035, 67; 8, 64;
9, 52; 12, 45; 13, 10.
ues Beach [173], 5, 91; 6,

wild ¥ Yellow or Red [349],
Plume eras (155], 5) 24.

Japan [171], 6, 12.
Japan, Variegated [155], 5,

pode Carolina. See Cot-
tonwood.
Lombardy [263], I, 52; 10,

95; 12, 4; 14, 1; 15, 1.
White or Abele Tree [75], 2,
36; 14, 67,; 15, 104.
Poppy, Plume [323], 15, 59.
Privet, Californian [9], I, 20;
2, 373 5) 52; 15, 103.
Chinese [132], 1, 124; 4, 98.
Common [9], 1, 14; 2,55; 9»

30.
Italian [225], 8, 27.
Quince, Common [279], 12,
28.

Japan [49], 1, 8, 109; 2, 97;
3, I; 5, 87; 6, 20; 8, 12,
61, 62
Raspberry, Double-flowered
European [47], I, 100.
Purple-flowering [209], 7,
97; 10, 112.

Redbud [33], 1) 903 3, 7; 8, 4.
Retinospora. See Arbor Vite,
Japan.
Rhododendron,

um [176],

Everestian-
6, 21, 7, 29, 46;

16, 53-.,
Various kinds [177], 6, 7,
92.
Rhodotypos [11], 1, 22; 2, 74,
793 4) 62; 5, 90; 6, 38; 8,
39; 12, 62, 14, 14; 16, 76.

Rose Acacia. See Bristly Lo-

cust,

Rose, Cabbage, Hundred-
leaved, or Provence
[118], 3, 93.

Canker [263],10, 96, 109.
Dog [263], 10, 96, 109.
Early Wild [132], 4, 93-
Hundred-leaved [118], 3,

93-
Jacqueminot [171], 6, 17.
A ass See Rose, Ramanas,
any-flowered, 3,97;15,7-
Meadow [132], 4, 93.
Prairie [118], 3, 98; 4, 60,

92.

Provence [118], 3, 93.

Ramanas [139], 4, 49, 87; 5
16, 92; 6, 65; 9, 15; 135

19.

Russell’s Cottage [172], 6
26.

Thornless [171], 6, 14.

Wild Brier [263], 10, 96,109.

Wild Climbing, 3, 98; 4, 60,
92.

361

pa of Peau or Althea
171], 2, 593 3) 65; 6, 16;
8, 36; 16, 2. : :
Rowan Tree [333], 15, 75.
Sassafras [45], 1, 43; 2, 32; 35
80; 5, 118; 6, 39; 7, 19,
573 8, 44; 12, 593 13, 34;
14, 60; 15, 56; 16, 51.
Senna, Bladder [136], 4, 16;7,

85; 8, 95.

Service Berry. See Shad-
bush.

Shadbush, June Berry, or
Service Berry [so], 1,
TIT; 3) 15; 5) 5037, 5238,
25; 12,32; 14,47; 16, 73.

Japan [131], 5, 20; 12, 6.

Sheepberry [291], 13, 40.

Shrub Yellowroot [1109], 3,

9237) 42.
Silverbell Tree [109], 3, 32; 7)
69; 15, Io.
Smoke Tree [68], 2, 27; 10,
114; 14, 44.
Snowball, Common [176], 4,
51; 3, 51; 6, 67; 10, 99.
Japan [155], 5) 11; 9, 7; 12,

a
Snowberry [211], 7, 72.
Sorrel Tree [303], 5, 109;14,

15.
Sour Gum [go], 2, 62; 3, 51.
Sourwood [303], 5, 109; 14,

IS.
Spicebush [62], 2, 5; 3, 4; 6,
0) 7, 55; 8, 81; 15, 64,

5.
Spindle Tree, Japan, 7, 54.
Thunberg’s [302], 14, 7-
Winged [302], 14, 7.
Grumman March 13
Spirea, Bridal Wreath,
double-flowered [115], 1,
121; 3, 86.
Bumald’s [244], 9, near 26.
Douglas’s [261], 10, 81.

Fortune’s White [234], 3,

96; 8, 93. :
Lance-leaved See Spirea,
Reeve’s,
Mountain-ash-leaved [140]
4, 83

Reeve’s or Lance-leaved
[t15], 3, 85; 8, 1, 70; 10,
76, 116; 12, 13; 13, 16;
15, 89; 16, 3.
Siberian [140], 4, 83.
Van Houtte’s [18], 1, 65; 8,
71; 10, 83.
Spruce, Colorado Blue [201],
7, 12; 10, 52.
Douglas [204], 7, 10; 10, 50.
Eastern [330], 5, 80; 10, 7,
104; 15, 90; 16, 55.
Norway [139], 4, 46; 10, 33;
12, 39; 15) 54; 16, 64.
Oriental [330], 5, 80; 10, 7,
104; 15, 90; 16, 55.
Silver [201], 7, 12.
Staggerbush, 6, 8.

Storax, Japan [244], 9, 26.
Strawberry Bush, American
[116], 3, 100; 4, 78.
Strawberry Shrub, Sweet-

scented [51], 1, 120; 6,

9.
Stuartia [172], 5, 84; 6, 28.

Sugarberry. See Hackberry.
Sumac, Dwarf Mountain [28],

I, 373 4) 45; 14, 37; 15,
70.
Smooth [31], 1, 51; 15, 60,

74.
Staghorn [31], 1, 60; 7, 50;
I4, 19; 30; 16, Io.
Sweet Bay. See Magnolia,
Swamp. :
Sweet Gum or Bilsted [47], 1,
106; 2, 39; 3) 16; 7,7; 135
15; 16, 37.
Sweetbrier [118], 3, 95; 7) 63.
Sycamore, American [87], 4,
53 5, 54; 9, 25; 10, 72.

362

Syringa, Gordon’s [52], 3, 129;

3) 77-

Large-flowered [25], I) 70,
7532, 60, 61; 4, 88; 8, 78;
16,

Scentless [231], 1, 128; 8,
45.

Small-leaved [229], 8, 53.

Sweet [106], 1, 89; 3 91 4s
89; 7, 102; 8, 41, 60; 14,
16; 15, 933 16, 21.

Sweet Golden-leaved [241],

Q, 16.
White Stamened [230], 8
31.
Tamarisk, French [27], 1, 38;
2, 72; 3) 27; 7s 20.
Late-flowering [44], 1, 8 8:
Thorn, Barbary Box. See
M. atrimony Vine.
Thorn,Cockspur [47], 1, 53,80,
IOI; 2) 773 4, 15, 50; 6,
61; 7, 34; 8, 29; 9, I; 10,
8; 12, 25; 16, 33.
Cockspur, Variety pyra-
canthafolia [327], 15, 32.
Evergreen or Fire [264], 4,
I; 10, 106.
Scarlet-fruited [71], 2, 16;
7, 39; 8, 30, 73; 13, 36;

15, SI.
Washington [43], 1, 86; 2,
56; 7, 104; 8, 7; 15, 94;

16, 7, 60.
White. See Thorn, Scarlet-
frusted.
Thorn. See also Hawthorn.

Tree Box. See Boxwood.
Tree Celandine [323], 15, 50.
Tree of Heaven [32], 1, 423 2,
9°; 5) 107; 7) 25; Oy 49;
10; 775 13) 39; 14, 70; 16,
Trefel, Shrubby [52], 1, 114;
2, 78; 3) 76; 4y 4; 8, 22.

Tulip Tree [89], 2, 67; 3, 58;

4; 24; 7, 93; 8, 53; 12, 36;
13, 30; 14, 61; 15, 83; 16,
6

46.
Tupelo [go], 2, 62; 3, 51.
Umbrella Tree [108], 3, 28; 5,
96; 6, 32; 7, 68; 8, 63.
Varnish Tree [17], 1, 19; 5,
82; 6, 23; 8, 18; 15, 9
Viburnum, Japonicum or
Japan [92], 2, 85; 3, 59;

14, 9.
Siebold’s [156], 5, 21.
Sweet [291], 13, 40.
Walnut, Black [109], 2, 86; 3,
4; 14, 68; 15, 17.
White [347], 5, 116; 13, 55;

10, 49.
Waxberry [259], 4, 79; 10, 39.
Waxberry (Snowberry) [211],

7, 72.
Waytaring Tree, European
_ [231], 8, 49; 9, 14.
Weigela [117], I, 23, 125; 35
89; 5, 33, 114; 6, 37; 8,
37; 12, 12.

Variegated, 6, 62.
Whistlewood [32r], I5, 12.
Wild Brier. See Dog Rose or

Canker Rose.
Willow, Babylonian [13], 1,

6; 6, 45; 7, 31; 8, 58;
Q, 22; 15, 107.

Bay or Laurel: leaved [153],
I) 543 5, 28.

Black [158], 5, Io.

Golden or Yellow [156], 5,

30.
Laurel-leaved [153], 1, 543

5, 28.
Rosemary-leaved [153], 5,
23; 10, I.
Virginia [174], 6, 79.
Missvice | [x3], t, 6; 6, 45; 7,
5 8, 5839, 22: 15, 107.
W. ite [350], 16, 70.

363

Winterberry, Common [6s],
_ 25 343 3)67; 4, 66.

Wistaria, Chinese [169], 3, 8;

2.
Witch Hazel {z21], 3, 78; 7,
18, 21; 8, 72; 13, 32; 14,

. 503 155 43-

Withe Rod, 3, 99.

Yellowroot, Shrub [119], 3,

9237) 42.
Yellowwood([158],5,58;15,65.
Yew, European or English

[r76], 3, 21; 5, 7, 62; 6,

733 7) 333 10, 65; 12, 35;

14, 26.

European or English, Pros-
trate [277], 12, 56; 15, 63.
European or English, Var-
iety Elegantissima [265],
10, 107.
Irish [308], 6, 50; 10, 82;
Tapes [a6z1 doy
apan [261], 10, 62.
Japan, ‘Abrupt-leaved [107]
3, 20; 5, 15.
Yulan [142], 4, 72; 7) 273 9,
40.
Zebra Grass, Japan, [171], 4,
76; 6, 15.

N.B.¢ BIBLIOCLAST ¢N.B.© BIBLIOSNITCH ¢N.B

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