PORES ST RE ee sesh anys is He Nh ne RS A We tere PTS aes fae Ree rant pect ieaahly Wntursey eee wo gh aon CAR ae P Ae ca isiati! Lines teet me simdsrepaare ts sha ert ert r Sraneneeapeeents ee mine etal Shonen Seen iy “ao eae nie acai nat sree i ener iter at gy kieeereetcraee - * Uicicinatenee Sto flaca ROSE zi - GS Alta nT cn eases INES rare I a or OE “i oo aon nee on cia jeneeari ee a ee Lthapeet : pou sii ine lar evened ee, Tecra oe foils es LE panne “sends Soo ll =: | New York State College of Agriculture At Gornell University Dthaca, N. BY. Library Cornell University Library SB 613.A88E9 ‘ill iii ants, and natura mann Soe orsiay Library The original of this book its in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924002837437 THE WEEDS, POISON PLANTS, AND NATURALIZED ALIENS OF VICTORIA. THE: WEEDS, POISON PLANTS, AND NATURALIZED ALIENS OF VICTORIA. BY ALFRED J. HWART, D. Sc., Px.D., F.LS. GOVERNMENT BOTANIST AND PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE : MELBOURNE UNIVERSITY. ASSISTED BY J. R. TOVEY, HERBARIUM ASSISTANT. ISSUED BY DIRECTION OF THE HON. GEORGE GRAHAM, M.L.A., MINISTER FOR AGRICULTURE. PART 1. POISONOUS, INJURIOUS, AND PROCLAIMED: WEEDS (NATIVE AND INTRODUCED), WITH THE COLOURED. PLATES. ‘ — x 2 ; é ' ee ce of \ PART IL, CENSUS OF THE NATURALIZED ALIENS AND INTRODUCED EXOTICS. Melbourne: BY AUTHORITY: J. KEMP, GOVERNMEN1 PRINTER. 1909. PREFACE. Since the issue of the Thistle Pamphlet in 1893 the number of plants ‘on the Proclaimed List has increased considerably, and under instructions from the Hon. Geo. Swinburne, M.L.A., ‘then Minister for Agriculture, coloured drawings of all the proclaimed plants not previously figured were prepared for publication. These have been issued from month to month in the Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Victoria with the technical descriptions of the plants in question. The present work contains these plates, together with a full account of the properties and best modes of treatment of all our commoner weeds. This has been written throughout in as popular a character as possible, while retaining strict accuracy. Technical terms have been avoided as far as pos- sible, and a short glossary at the end of the work will enable the few used to be understood. The order in which these plates were originally issued does not correspond with the systematic arrangement in this work, but it has been judged best to place the plates by the plants which they illustrate. The complete census of the naturalized plant aliens of Victoria will give some idea of the rapid changes which our Flora is undergoing, changes which, in a large number of cases, are changes for the worse. It is to be trusted that the new Commonwealth Customs and Quarantine Regulations, together with the urgently needed “ Pure Seeds Bill,” will check or stop the steady flow into Victoria of obnoxious imported weeds. IT have to thank Mr. A. T. Sharp, Assistant Editor of the Journal of Agriculture, for reading the whole work, both in manuscript and in proof, and for considerable assistance in proof correction. Mr. J. W. Audas, of the National Herbarium, has aided in the same matter, as well as in the preparation of the Index. ALFRED J, EWART, 15th September, 1909. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PARE Xf. POISONOUS, INJURIOUS, AND PROCLAIMED WEEDS. Factors which influence the spread of weeds— Deforestation é os : Pasturage Methods Grass and Forest Fires Drought zZ Methods of Harvesting Sale and Introduction of Impure and Infested Seed. , Suppression of Weeds— Annuals Perennials , Weed Suppression in Sparsely Settled Districts Poison Plants... ‘i ats Proclaimed Plants Detailed Account of the Commoner Weeds— DICOTYLEDONS— PotypETaLa— Thatamiflore— Ranunculaceze Papaveracez Fumariaces Zygophyllez Cruciferse - Resedaces - Geraniaceze _ Hypericacere .. Malvacez 7 Caryophyllacex Droseraceza Calycifloree— Leguminose .. Hedge Plants under the Thistle ‘Act Rosaceze Cactacess we aan Loranthacers .. a Umbelliferee .. as GAMOPETALA— Campanulaces Cucurbitaceee = os Rubiacez ae 55 a eit j Composit Polemoniacez Primulaces Plantaginacesz ' Solanaceze Convolvulaceze $ Asclepiadacese ‘ Scrophulariness Myoporinesy Thymelacez Boraginacess Labiate : APETALE— Polygonaces .. Amarantacez Chenopodiaceze Euphorbiacez Urticaces ie Santalacee .. ag ae et Vili TABLE oF ConTENTS.—Part I.—continued. Pace MONOCOTYLEDONS— Trideze 5 on oe ea its ae i 57 Pontederiacese ig i Oy i ie ee 60 Liliacese a me i wa x ae a 60 Juncacese ae is au 5 er ne és 61 Cyperacee .. xe 23 aie os be ss 61 Gramines oe ay i ea se ee os 63 GYMNOSPERMS— Cycadacee .. ef of a sis $e bs 65. Coniferz ee i te ba a ee fs 65 CRYPTOGAMS— Filiciness a a ous ae ves a 66 Mosses and Lichens ea A te boss as he 66 Alge we AS wis ins at ae ae 66 Re em PART II. CENSUS OF THE NATURALIZED ALIENS AND INTRODUCED EXOTICS OF VICTORIA. Introduction .. a ae i ae ae 67 Alphabetical List of Naturalized Aliens .. iis os ig a8 70 Systematic Arrangement of Natural Orders 3s < fs 92 List of Introduced Exotics not yet fully Naturalized a ei we 94 Glossary 95 Alphabetical List of Plants proclaimed under the Thistle Act for the whole State 99 Alphabetical List of Municipalities for which ee) Plants are proclaimed .. 100 Index .. xn e ee dé . 6 dee 101 PART I. POISONOUS, INJURIOUS, AND PROCLAIMED WEEDS (NATIVE AND INTRODUCED). id The definition of dirt by Palmerston as being matter out of its proper place, may also be applied to weeds. A weed is a plant out of its proper place, and a troublesome weed is one which makes itself objectionable by ‘continually asserting itself in places where it is not desired, and by. strenuously, though passively, resisting all attempts to relegate it to its proper place. With the exception of a few parasitic, prickly, or burred plants (Rust-fungi, .Mistletoes, Star Thistle, Dodder), hardly any plants are absolute weeds under all conditions, and even the mistletoe by affording food for small birds which are of use in other ways cannot be said to be entirely injurious. No strongly poisonous plant again is an absolute weed, since the very fact that it is poisonous shows that it contains some strong active principle which will be of use to man when extracted. Thus the Deadly Nightshade yields atropin, ergot, ergotin, Strychnos, strychnine, &c., al] substances of great use to man. In all such cases it is a question of regulation and control rather than of extirpation. It is only when a plant has entirely gained the upper hand, or is liable to do so, that any question as to the slight usefulness it may possess is entirely overborne by the immediate need for its suppression and the danger of allowing it to spread further. This applies to thistles, which in times of drought when most pasture herbs are eaten or destroyed, and to a less extent in times of plenty may yield the hungry stock a certain amount of food. Neverthe- less, a few ricks of hay, silos, or fields of roots are worth more as a drought insurance than all the thistles ever grown. A plant may become a weed as the result of the spread of cultivation owing to its excessive powers of reproduction and maintenance, coupled with some obnoxious peculiarity. Thus the following native plants are included under the head of proclaimed weeds: The Mistletoe (Loranthus pendulus and L. celastroides), the Nut Grass (Cyperus rotundus; the Chinese Scrub (Cassinia arcuata) and the Prickly Acacia (Acacia armata). Similarly, on cleared bush, the seedlings of forest trees are weeds, although the adult trees in the original forest might be of great value, Various factors favour the abundance, increase, and spread of weeds, and these, although more or less inter-related, may be grouped under the following heads :—(1) Deforestation ; (2) pasturage methods ; (3) grass and forest fires; (4) drought; (5) methods of harvesting and cultivation; and (6) the sale and introduction of impure and infested seed. DEFORESTATION.—The forests of Victoria rarely attain the density of the pine forests.of Europe, which often cut off so much light as to insure the absence of all undergrowth. Instead, a more or less abundant covering of saplings, suckers, grasses, and shrubs grows between the trunks of the trees. When the latter are cut down this undergrowth grows with greatly 2 DEFORESTATION. increased vigour, and from its character, if once allowed to develop strongly, is more difficult to subjugate than the original trees. Such scrub or sucker growth does not always produce good timber, is frequently diseased, and will in any case usually take a longer time to produce a good timber forest than if the land were freshly and regularly planted. In addition, various weeds from the outskirts of the forest now find suitable conditions for their development, and rapidly establish themselves. No point is more important to the settler on forest land than that he should_ clear no more land at a time than he can keep clear and free from weeds. Any slackness in this respect soon reduces the land to a condition which, from the point of view of cultivation, is as bad as; or even worse, than when it was under forest. Not only is the land covered with obnoxious vegetation, Lut the land is fouled with seed from which five to ten years’ toil may not be sufficient to clear it entirely. If the timber is removed by felling and: burning, each portion of ground should be cleared at one operation, and then ploughed and used for root crops, followed by leguminous fodder crops. Repeated burning over a tract of ground, destroying a little timber at a time, leaves the ground hard, baked, devoid of humus, and peculiarly dead and inert, while the original ash so favourable to the growth of root crops like potatoes has long since been washed out, carrying with it many cf the valuable constituents of the soil. To improve the soil, and prevent this loss, farmyard manure or green manuring is essential. To clear forests off steep hillsides is wanton folly. If there is any good soil, the rains and trampling of the stock soon send it down to the gullies, and after a few years’ grazing the hillsides become bare and arid. If the ground is rocky, a valuable product has been destroyed without even a temporary gain. PasturaGe Metuops.—Few conditions are more favourable to the spread of obnoxious weeds than the open unrestricted grazing, more espe- cially of sheep, so common throughout Australia, and this is still more aggravated when thé land is overstocked. The animals wander to and fro distributing the burred, prickly, hairy, or adhesive seeds of various weeds as they go, and continually select and eat out the better pasture plants. Obnoxious, prickly, woody, and poisonous plants are usually left untouched by healthy, well-fed stock, and their growth is favoured by the continual - grazing down of the good fodder plants. The condition of affairs obtain- ing in a well-kept garden is thus reversed, the weeds being favoured, and the useful plants suppressed. A point which needs to be strongly emphasised is that the stock-carrv- ing capacity of natural virgin pasture is but slight as compared with its stock-carrying capacity when cultivated, or when seeded down after cultiva- tion. In virgin pastures useless weeds and useful pasture plants struggle fur the upper hand, and the balance is so delicate that one sheep per acre may be more than sufficient to upset it, and cause steady and rapid de- terioration of the pasture. Open sheep pasturage and stock grazing on virgin ground adapted for cultivation is a poor way of utilizing the land, and, granted a moderate rainfall, nearly all ground which the plough can reach and penetrate can be profitably cultivated in the absence of any artificial obstacles. Pastures laid down during rotation farming always yield more feed and should keep freer from weeds than virgin pastures, tut even the latter can'be greatly improved by manuring, and an occasional mowing is of great value in preventing the coarser non-nutritious vegetation from re-establishing itself. PasTuraGeE Metuops. 3 When sheep are penned on crops raised for their consumption, the whole ground is cleared, weeds that are not eaten are trampled into the ground, the whole of the manure is conserved in one spot, and, if soon turned into the soil, or spread and broken up by spreaders, harrows, or scarifiers, less waste of nitrogen occurs than with any other form of manuring. The future should see this method of sheep-feeding, coupled with the use of root crops and the silo, used on all ground except steep hillsides or rocky ground inac- cessible to cultivation. Rape cultivation for sheep has already taken hold in many parts, and is especially important for grain rotations where the jarge accumulation of nitrogen produced by green manuring with leguminous The foliage of both species of Broom appears to- be feebly poisonous. The plant must be dug out, piled, and burnt before seeding. Seedlings can be kept down by hoeing or mowing, but in the latter case must be cut close to the ground. It takes some years to exhaust all the seed in the soil, but the plant is easily kept down by ordinary culti- vation. On waste ground of no value for pasturage, and which cannot be ploughed or cultivated with success, a close planting of trees should be made, and these will ultimately suppress the shrub. "= Gastrolobium, or Poison bush, is one of the few suspected poison plants from which an undoubted poisonous principle has been extracted. Fortunately, the genus is not native to Victoria, and does not as yet appear to have been introduced to the State, although among the most serious poison plants of Western Australia, Goodia lotifolza, Salisb. (Goodia medicaginea, F. v. M.). It is a shrub with yellow flowers, known as the ‘‘clover tree’’ on account of its trifoliate leaves. It is native, and is often reported as poisonous, but on unsatisfactory evidence. Under ordinary circumstances, it is a useful fodder plant on unimproved pastures. Indigofera australis, Willd. The true Native Wild Indigo. It is often reported to have caused the death of cattle and sheep feeding upon it; but no poisonous principle has been extracted, and the genus as a whcle 1s non-poisonous although some species are supposed to have vermifuge or medicinal properties. _ (ee Lathyrus sativus, L. Gesse Pea or Indian Vetchling. Although this Indian plant has not yet reached Victoria, it has appeared in England through the importation of impure seed, and has caused considerable damage to stock at times. When eaten repeatedly, it causes in horses a peculiar affection of the larynx leading to roaring and ultimate asphyxia- tion. This is a special symptom in horses, the general symptom for all animals affected by the accumulative poisoning or ‘‘ lathvrism,’’ resulting from a continued diet of the plant is a paralysis of the hinder extremities, due to fatty degeneration of the muscle fibres. The poison is a volatile alkaloid, which is driven off by heat, rendering the pulse innocuous. Neglect of this simple precaution has caused the inhabitants of whole villages in India to become struck with more or less complete paralysis. ey "UWaie Det ASEwarté HL ovey Diresit ST Kemp, deteng Gov? Pruner FNGIISH RROOM LEGUMINOS&. 23 The plant can be recognised by its oblong. winged pods, paired leaflets ‘with a long tendril, solitary flowers, and annual habit. Neither the annual nor the everlasting vetchlings are really good fodder plants as compared with peas, vetches, lucerne, and clover. Lathyrus aphaca, L., is another field weed in India. It is without leaflets and with seeds which are narcotic when ripe. Lotus australis, Andr., and ZL, corniculatus, L. The native and the introduced Bird’s-foot Trefoils. These were considered by Mueller (Trans. Roy, Soc., Vict., Vol. VI., p. 148) to be intensely poisonous. They are both, however, useful pasture plants, quite harmless, some varieties adapted to dry, others to moist ground. Sheep, when allowed to ‘ gorge themselves on a luxuriant crop, may suffer in precisely the same way as in the case of all succulent herbage. R=” Lupinus albus, L. The White Lupin. This plant and also the yellow and blue lupins, are very valuable for green manuring and have rendered possible the reclamation of large tracts of sandy soil in Germany. Their bitter taste, however, makes them unpalatable to horses and cattle, and it appears that when fed off to sheep before ploughing in, frequently they give rise to heavy mortality. This is ascribed to the presence of a poisonous _ alkaloid, ‘‘ lupinotoxine,’’ occurring both in the fodder and grain. It can be destroyed. by steaming. It is not always present, but the conditions which cause its appearance are not known. Medicago denticulata, Willd. The Burr “ Clover.’”’ " Deadly Nightshade (Atrofa Belladonna), which is fortunately rare, and partly owing to hasty generalization. A small amount of Solanmin is present in the stem and berries of Solanum nigrum, but these are usually less poisonous than green potatoes, in which alkaloids also appear. In addition, stock do not touch it at all unless starved. Solanin causes pain, tremors, and purging. Belladonna poisoning causes staggering gait, paralysis, and slow respiration. Death ensues rapidly if sufficient has been eaten. The berries of the Black Nightshade are often eaten by children without any ill-effects beyond perhaps ‘a stomach ache, or, if eaten in excess, sickness or purging. They have even been used instead of raisins for plum pudding with no results out of the ordinary. It is possible that Solanum migrum may develop more Solanin in the dry, sunny climate of Australia than elsewhere, but, if so, we have no evidence of the fact. The Black Nightshade, being of short duration, is easily kept down if the formation of seed is prevented. =” Nicotiana glauca, Graham. The Tree Tobacco. This is a shrubby garden escape introduced from South America, which seems likely to be- come a nuisance in some of the Northern districts, though of use for pro- ducing rapidly growing shelter hedges. In excess, the plant is undoubtedly poisonous, though moderate quantities can be eaten without serious conse- quences. Fortunately, it is not. very palatable, although, as in the case of many poisonous* or injurious plants, stock may acquire a morbid taste for it. The plants should be dug up, piled, and burnt before flowering. Deep ploughing buries any seeds present in the soil, and they soon die. * It has recently been stated to cause blindness in stock. 46 SOLANACE#. RE Nicotiana suaveolens, Lehm. This is a similar but small native tobacco. Like the former, it is comparatively resistant to drought, is also feebly poisonous, and is apt to become a troublesome weed if allowed to spread. Pea Datura Stramonium, L. The Thorn Apple. This is a stout erect an- nual often over two feet high with forked branches between which or at their ends the shortly stalked solitary flowers arise. It bears large almost triangular irregularly toothed leaves. The long tubular calyx falls off after flowering leaving a more or less prominently toothed rim under the capsule, which usually splits into segments during ripening. The corolla is large white or purple, and with five short usually yellowish points. Capsule globular, prickly, with numerous dark wrinkled seeds, unlike those of anv common cultivated plant. The Thorn Apple is a native of the Indies originally, now spread over the whole globe. It appears to be spreading over Victoria, and contains a highly poisonous narcotic alkaloid—-Daturin. Fortunately, the strong hitter taste of its leaves usually keeps stock from eating it, but this fact and its abundant production of seed aids the plant in spreading rapidly. As an annual, it can be kept under on pasture land or waste places, by hoeing or pulling up before it has time to seed. If the plants are at-all old they should be piled and burnt on the spot to destroy the seeds. On arable land it is easily kept under by good cultivation, harrow- ing to destroy seedlings as the seeds germinate, or by the ordinary processes of rotation farming. If once allowed to seed freely, seedlings may con- tinue to appear for several years. Proclaimed for the whole State. Lycitum horridum, Thunb. The Horrid African Box Thorn. This plant is easily recognised by its thorns and red berries. Several species of this genus were recommended in Mueller’s Select Plants for introductior as hedge plants, and this advice has unfortunately in some cases been fol- lowed, without reasonable thought of the dangers of the plant in a thinly settled district. | Owing to a clerical error, the plant was originally pro- claimed (1904) as Lycium afrum, 1.., the true African Box Thorn, natur- alized in Southern’ Europe as a troublesome weed but still scarce-as a natur- alized_weed_ in Victoria. None of these plants are better hedge plants than Tea Tree, Hawthorn, Pittosporum, Holly, Privet, Pepper, Tree Mallow, Tree Lucerne, Gorse, or Acacia. The latter three are nitrogen fixers and hence enrich the soil instead of impoverishing it. They will grow on equally peor and dry soil, and when kept properly cut and trimmed they do not flower or spread to any extent. At the same time, they are equally impenetrable, especially if a strand or two of barbed wire is run through the centre of the hedge two or three feet from the ground. Gorse especially yields better shelter, although liable to burn in dry dis- tricts. The Box Thorn, however, will flower and produce its orange-red herries on the older wood, even when closely cut. These are eaten br birds which, voiding the undigested seeds, carry the plant far and wide. If neglected, it may grow to a height of twelve feet and form an almost impenetrable jungle. To destroy it, the plants should be cut down hefore flowering, the root-stocks grubbed out and the whole piled and burnt. Seedlings are easily destroyed by hoeing or mowing. It was proclaimed for the Shires of Bacchus Marsh and Melton at the request of the shire authorities concerned, and in 1908 the proclamation was extended to the whole State, after further requests for proclamation had been received. OU vircer Tiel ASE MELT EL a / Memp Gov firintes THORN APPLE. (Datura stramonium) £ PLATE 19. 0 WarerDel JSR Tovey Durext JS Kemp Acuna (Prrter AFRICAN BOXTHORN. (Lyciuum horredum , Thunberg. L White Dev. ASEwartDirec " ST kengp,Govt Prinies DODODER. = (Cuscuta Lpithymum.) L. CONVOLVULACEZ. 47 The name Box Thorn is really a mistranslation of the German word ‘‘Bocksdorn’’ or of the Dutch ‘‘ Boksdorn’’ used at the Cape. The plant has no affinities with the true Box (Bzxws), and the name should be etymologically Bucksthorn, but as there is already a Ruck Thorn (Rhamnus) it is advisable to retain that of Box Thorn for Zyczum. The case is com. parable with the corruption of the French ‘‘ ecrevisse’’ into the English “* cray-fish.”’ For the reasons for placing this plant under the Thistle Act, see page 26. = Among the native Australian genera of Solanacee two appear to be wholly poisonous, namely, Anthocercis and Duboisia or Pitury, but both appear to be unpalatable to stock and to be untouched by them except under very special circumstances. Anthocercis albicans, Cunn., is a Victorian species. | Duboisin sulphate is used by oculists to dilate the pupil of the eye in those cases in which atropin iritates the eye unduly. It is sup- posed to be much more poisonous and Dr. Barrett informs me it is only sparingly used. It is quite possible that dust and fluff from these plants when dry might injure the eves of animals browsing among them, and cases of blindness in stock are not uncommonly referred bv stockmen to the agency of plants. So far, I have keen unable to trace any such case to a definite plant. CoNVOLVULACEZ (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY). The flowers are four or five partite, often showy, the ovary superior, the capsule small and containing two to six seeds. A small order of climbing, twining, or parasitic usually perennial herbs, which: includes a few decorative plants but several troublesome or danger- ous weeds. ' Cuscuta. The Dodder. This annual parasite is easily recognised by its slender, twining, yellowish-green, practically leafless stems attached by minute suckers to thé host plant, and bearing clusters of whitish or pinkish flowers. It is as great a pest to agriculture as the Mistletoe is to forestry. Two native species (C. tasmanica, Engelm., and C. australis, R. Br.), are known and have played some part in keeping down native and introduced weeds (St. John’s Wort, &c.). The most injurious dodders appear to be the introduced ones (Cuscenta epithymum, L., C. europea, L., C. Trifolit, _ Bab., &c.), which are continually imported into Australia and New Zea- land with impure agricultural seed. These parasites will destroy any leguminous crop if unchecked. Where a whole field is infested, the entire crop should be ploughed under, and if this is done before much seed has been formed, after a year’s fallowing (bare or green) followed by wheat, oats, maize or a similar crop, it will be safe to use the land for clover, lucerne or leguminous crops. If allowed to seed freely, the seed in the soil may not be exhausted for five or six years. When small infested patches are found, a trench should be dug round the patch. over which straw or long chaff sprinkled with kerosene has been spread. After firing and burning off, the soil can be thrown over the auarantined area, covering and burning anv parts which have escaped destruction. It is wise not to remove the infested plants for burning, as pieces left on the field or dropped in fresh places re-establish themselves and spread the evil. To attempt to tear out the dodder with a rake is even more foolish. Spraving with copper sulphate or iron sulphate solu- tions has been recommended, but a badly infested crop cannot be saved in this or anv other way. It is better to lose completely a small area of the crop by burning than to risk a much more serious infestation next year. 48 : ASCLEPIADACEA. Care should also be taken to use only clean seed. Indeed, the sale of seed containing dodder should be a severely punishable offence. Infested clover or lucerne should not be fed to stock, as seeds may be voided unaffected in the manure, and reinfect new ground. Above all, good cultivation in the widest sense should prevail, and all fields, hedges and ditches should be kept clean and free from weeds, especially legumin- ous ones. Dodder also grows on St. John’s Wort and other weeds but usually not on Composite. It has recently been found doing serious damage to potatoes. Several native species of Cassytha (Lauracee) are often mistaken for dodders which they closely resemble in habit and external appearance, and are called scrub or bush dodder. They mainly grow on native plants, herbs, shrubs or even trees, especially near the sea, but are not agricultural pests like the true dodders, though like them they have no assimilating leaves, and obtain food from the host plants on which they grow by means of their attaching suckers. Cassytha is a coarser plant than the true dodder (Cuscuta), the fruits larger, less fleshy, not as densely clustered and each one enclosed by a closely investing calyx barely open at the top. The common introduced dodder (Cuscuta epithymum, L.) is proclaimed for the whole State (June, 1908). Convolvulus arvensis, L, Bindweed. A perennial with annual twin- ing stems, arrow-shaped leaves, and rather pretty pinkish flowers. The plant is one of the later introductions, and is very troublesome in culti- vated ground. Its twining stems choke the plants to which it attaches itself, and its creeping underground stems. render it difficult to eradicate, since quite small pieces will start fresh growths, and the stems are often a foot below the surface. The weed is especially troublesome in light friable soils and in corn crops. Badly infected land should be deeply ploughed, and the underground stems harrowed or raked out. Where patches are present they should be forked out. The free use of the hoe in spring, and the growth of a leafy fodder or a root crop well encouraged by manure, will help to keep down the plant and prevent its flowering. The seeds have a very prolonged vitality in the soil, and hence the pre- vention of flowering and seeding is very important. &° The plant is less mechanically dangerous on pastures, but the leaves are bitter, the under- ground stems purgative and the seeds (four in each rounded capsule) are poisonous to stock if eaten in any quantity. Rotation farming, coupled with occasional bare fallowing, aids in keeping down a weed of this kind. Great care should be taken to avoiding introducing it with impure seed, as has commonly occurred during the past. _ Its dark, somewhat triangular, and roughened seeds are easily recognised. When ground in flour they spoil its colour, and render it injurious if present in any quantity. Proclaimed for the whole State, June, 1908. ASCLEPIADACEZ (ASCLEPIAS F aMILy). A small order of plants with milky juice often acrid or poisonous, and usually slender climbing or prostrate stems. hs Gomphocarpus fruticosus, R. Br. Introduced from South Africa. Tt is spread throughout the warmer regions of the globe and is an exceedingly variable species, but of little economic value. The hairs of the fruit have been used for filling pillows, cushions, mattresses, &c., as a substitute for kapok, but the quantity in each pod is small, and the fibre is too short and * f Whate,Del AJEwart Durer Kemp, GovtPrinte, BINDWEED. (Convolvulis arvensts)L. SCROPHULARINEZ. ; 49 brittle to have any other use. The plant has no value as fodder and is in fact injurious to stock if fed to them, even when mixed with other food. A fibre can be obtained from the stem, but it is too difficult to clean for its preparation to be profitable. The milky juice is feebly poisonous when taken in quantity and brings on sickness. The leaves are sometimes used as a substitute for Senna, and the plant is the Arghel of Syria. It is easily suppressed by cultivation or by cutting to prevent seeding on pasture land. (The seed appear to have only a limited duration in the soil, and so far the plant does not seem likely to become a serious pest. The hair-bearing seeds are carried long distances by the wind. GB Sarcostemma australe, R. Br. The Caustic Vine or Bush. This plant reaches the warmer parts of Victoria and is generally considered to be highly poisonous to stock when taken in large quantities. They only touch it when starved, and may then become accustomed to eat large amounts for some time without suffering to any extent. The young shoots of several exotic species are edible, and it is possible that the poison- ous properties of our native species have in many cases been exaggerated. ScROPHULARINEZ (FoxcLove Famity). The superior ovary is two chambered and the stamens two or four in number, a fifth stamen often represented by a staminode. A fairly large order useless for fodder, and containing hardly any edible species. | Many are poisonous, others are bitter or act as emetics or purges. A few of the order are parasitic on the roots of grasses and hence do serious harm to pastures. Bartsia latifolia, Sibth. This naturalized annual has proved to be a pest! in some places. It seeds freely and the seeds may remain living in the soil for a few years, coming up in abundance in favourable seasons. The plant seems able to develop without being parasitic on grass roots, but rcvertheless its presence does not improve either pasture or fodder. Two ciher species have appeared. B. viscosa, L., and B. Trixago, L. All three are often sent in as sus- pected poison plants, but they do not appear to be actively poisonous. If eaten in excess, however, they cannot fail to exercise a more or less injurious physical or even chemical action, and in any case their presence deteriorates a pasture. Like many annuals they are sporadic, being more abundant in some seasons, than in others. Mowing to prevent seeding, resting the pasture in spring, loosening and manuring the soil all aid in keeping them down. Cultivation soon suppresses them. KGS” Digitalis purpurea, L. Foxglove. A garden escape sometimes appearing as a weed, but not abundant. It is strongly poisonous, but stock apparently do not touch it on account of its bitter taste. In England, the plant is common on the edges of pastures without any evil results appearing to ensue. The plant is a biennial, and hence is best suppressed by hoeing up the root-stock before flowering. Linaria Elatine, Desf. Toadflax. A native of Europe and Asia. One of the more recent introductions, which though only an annual may become troublesome if allowed to spread. It has a strong bitter taste and is useless as a fodder plant. It is easily suppressed by cultivation and the preven- tion of seeding. Gratiola.—Three species are native to Victoria, and all appear to have a purgative action capable of producing serious consequences when the plant is eaten in quantity. G. peruviana, L. appears to be the commonest form, but no exact experiments have been performed, and no active principle has been extracted and tested. 50 MvororinE&.—THYMELACE#.—BORAGINACES. Verbascum Blattaria, L. Moth Mullein. Introduced from Europe, Asia and Africa, with agricultural seed. It is now fairly widely spread, but does not seem to have done much harm. It ha3 a somewhat unpleasant smell, and a strong bitter taste and is useless as fodder. It has more than once been suggested as a possible cause of death in stock but without any conclusive evidence being brought forward. The allied Celsia Cretica has also appeared and is somewhat similar in character. Among the Scrophularines parasitic on the roots of grasses three native species of Euphrasiw (Eyebright) are included. The European Eyebright (E, officinalis, L.) has not yet appeared. The Yellow Rattle (R/inanthus Crista-Gallt) and the Cowwheat (M/zlampyrum arvense, L.) are also para- sitic on grass roots. The seeds of the latter sometimes make rye flour .in- jurious, and have the same injurious effect on beer when present in abundance in barley used for brewing. J. pratense, L., the Meadow Cow- wheat, is similar, but is not parasitic. All these plants and their allies will ultimately appear in this State unless stringent control is exercised over the introduction of new plants and weed seeds. Myvoporinge& (Myororum F amity). These resemble the Scrophularinese somewhat in their flowers, but are shrubs or small trees, and with only one to four seeds in each cell of the fruit, instead of the numerous seeds characteristic of the Scrophularines. With the exception of one genus, this order is entirely Australian, and has only a very slight economic importance, the timber being of compara- tively little value. A West Indian species yields oil, and gummy or sugary exudations from some Myoporums have been used as food by the blacks. mGs At least two species are suspected of poisonous properties but no experimental information is available in regard to either of them. Eremophila maculata, F. v. M., is occasionally given the misleading hame of Native Fuschia. The plant appears to have a certain fodder value but to be dangerous when eaten in quantity by starved stock, especially if weakened by travelling. Myoporum deserti, A. Cunn. The Dogwood Poison bush. This is supposed to be poisonous when in fruit, but the symptoms are vague, and no poisonous principle has been extracted. THYMELACEZ (PIMELEA FAMILY). Petals none, sepals petaloid, stamens two or more, fruit with a single seed. Several species of Pimelea are recorded by Bailey as poisonous but on suspicion only and there is an entire lack of scientific evidence in regard, to them. P. pauciflora, R. Br., and P. simplex, F. v. M., grow-in Vic- toria. The statement that the life of a sheep supposed to be poisoned by Pimelea may be saved if its ears are slit is a common superstition in regard tu the treatment of stock supposed to be poisoned, and like many other superstitions is the cause of a good deal of unnecessary cruelty. A lethargic sheep is naturally more lively for a time after its ears have been slit, and the fact that it ultimately dies is put down to the ‘‘cure’’ not having been applied soon enough. According to Mr. Maiden, Pimelea linifolta, Sm., which is widely spread in New South Wales, is quite harmless. BoraGInacE# (BoraGEe F Amity). Herbs with usually blue, yellow, or white, regular, five partite flowers. and the ovary divided into four little nutlets. This comparatively small order includes few plants of economic value, although dyes are obtained from some, and others have a slight food value. Several are troublesome weeds. : | | | 0 Wau, Del AS Ewart, Du ex J Kemp,Actingbovt Prouer PATERSONS CURSE. (Fekiien violaceum, Linne) LABIATA. $1 Amsinckia angustifolia, Lehm., is an introduction from Chili which appears to be spreading in the Ararat, Bungaree, Horsham and Woodend Gistricts. It is easily suppressed by cultivation, cutting and hoeing. Borago officinalis, L. The Common Borage. This is a Mediter- ranean plant brought to this State with impure agricultural seed, but not yet abundant. It is a rough hairy annual or biennial with blue flowers, apt to spread in waste ground, and sometimes cultivated in gardens. Young shoots have been used in salads, and the plant collects potassium nitrate from the soil, often to a considerable extent. Hitherto, it has not proved a serious weed and is easily kept under by the prevention of seeding. Echium violaceum, L. Viper’s Bugloss. A European introduction which is supposed to have been brought to the State by a settler named Paterson and which has increased so much in the Shire of Towong as to be proclaimed for that Shire, where it is known as Paterson’s Curse. It is a coarse biennial with purple or blue fiowers, sometimes almost perennial and then especially troublesome on natural pastures. Close cutting sup- presses it in time, but it is cheaper in the long run to root the plants up, pile and burn them, and then keep the land under cultivation with root crops and fallow until all the seed in the soil is exhausted, which apparently takes some years. An annual or biennial ; stem one to three feet high, erect or ascending, diffusely branched. Radical leaves lanceolate, stalked, the stem-leaves spreading obtuse, cordate and sometimes dilated at the base. Flowers showy, dark blue-purple, in numerous one-sided spikes forming a long terminal curved panicle, corolla often an inch long; the narrow part of the tube very short, spreading into a broad campanulate throat, with a very oblique limb, the lower lobes rather longer than the longest stamens. An introduction from Southern Europe. It is not poisonous to stock, and is considered to be a very fair pasture plant in its young state, but when the plant matures, the flower-stalk is very rough and hairy, so that stock do not touch it, and when it seeds and dies off, all the grass is killed underneath, hence the ground is left quite bare. Proclaimed for the Shires of Towong (1904) and Maldon (1908). Lithospermum arvense, L. The Corn’ Gromwell. A small erect, usually greyish, annual with small, white flowers. It was introduced from Europe with impure seed-cereals, and is fairly common in corn-fields as well as in waste places. It is not a serious weed and is easily kept down by good cultivation, coupled with rotation farming, but if neglected in wheat fields grows up and smothers the young wheat plants. LapiaT# (DEADNETTLE F AmMILy). This rather large and homogeneous order contains no poisonous, species but manv useful ones used in cooking on account of their aromatic flavour, or as a. source of perfume. The order is easily recognised by the opposite leaves. square stems, flowers with lower and usually with an upper lip, four stamens (rarely two), and the fruit divided into four little nutlets. The leaves of a few, as for instance Prunella vulgaris, L., have a slight fodder or food value (salad or vegetable) when young, but most are too bitter or aromatic. A ‘little in-hay is not serious, but an excess is in all cases to be avoided. The plants are usually perennial herbs occasionally shrubby, but even those with creeping underground stems are usually easily kept ase In some cases, the seeds have a very prolonged vitality in the soil. 52 LABIATA. Hitherto only two labiates have shown any signs of becoming pests. Salvia verbenacea, L. The Wild Sage. (Cg) Woryearyno. mou peoids Apopry (ayV ‘g) peoads Ajopra, (av R “Sy “q) peruse “(SHR a) yerouey (ary Re “SV “NL) [ereuey (‘q) peords AjoprM, (‘Sor "Pen) pwerds AjoprM, (sv a9 “G) peoads ATopr (av » “sy nr) Cav % ‘w) peords Ajopr Ca¥ wy “sy “O) [eroueD (ayy @ OSV “q) peords ATopry COV 9% oSy “q) peords Ayepray (UV % “SY “nT) [ereuex S-LEBT “Td “FIA 07 Soy SLST ‘899 “d “ITA TPA “INV LW “‘Wueg SL8T ‘L99 “d “ITA ‘TOA “7sny ‘ld “yqueg LOGI ‘98 “d “XX OA ““JOIA Jo ‘00g ‘Aoy *oorg S-L88T “Id “FTA 09 Aoyy 698T ‘ase ‘d “AT OA “3SNY “LE ‘yqueg S681 “GPL Pd "KX JOA “FON FTA 8-LE8I “Id “FLA 07 Aoyy £681 ‘FFI ‘d °X A “FEN FLA e681 ‘SFT ‘d “xX OA “FN “PIA e06T ‘Fat “d “XIX TOA “FN ‘FTA SL8T ‘989 “4 “TTA ‘TOA “qsny LL “qyueg S681 ‘SFT ‘dX TCA “FPN FOIA 99st ‘Oso “d “T1r ‘TOA “qsny ‘La “qyuegq SLst ‘ego ‘d “TTA ‘TOA ‘qsny Ta “WyUeg SLst ‘6g9 “d “ITA OA “9SNY “LW ‘Wyueg S-L88T “Td “LA 07 Aoyy esourUnsey aUIUIBIN (zeovtfoqoy) wooenuvd ue) ewooeulstiog ewoovlrepnydorg eiozIONAY aeyerqery “ VeuULULeIy) eytsodurog “ee @BoUTULe LY) eeq1sodur0sy Beg padurm sseiKy [sure SSBIN) oAyy permualeg seein oy UelyEyy ereqoT Apprig Teas -WI0Ix) UIOQ ‘peaA\ UOT] ae xep-peoy, Srey, “+ ssoag £eoyL ssor)) PPL qapuesvy paddog, a49N pea ‘4Iquey elyorewey ueploy SETI) [IB 278A 79009907 PEL BITOTOM [F29-8.48) SSBID) [F89-8,48) Jo sstiN Jrey peysolg OPSTGL woipges “] ‘snqojou0se140} sno] vy ‘uInguefnuIe, TANI[OT ] ‘ouuesed wini[oT “Tg “V ‘wunorpeq urnyoT vy ‘enurg *eqoT ‘osUaAIe ee oe "TTA, “oarqeyg ereury "TT “eqeiq, wnipidey aq “a ‘aaqsedureo unipidey ‘oy ‘seqoooig vnpueaey “TJ ‘opneorxe;dme umnrmey “qousoy[ ‘eens eryoIeUreT “] ‘snyeao snimsey 7] ‘wudyes vonyowy ‘slog ‘Seproaryd eriaoyy v] ‘8}eqSLI0 VIIE[OOY Da ‘ungeurl wan Aqdonuey “rayOvVIEYyO ‘auIOY, [VULSIIO pus DOrNgiysip [eI0T “WOWPVZTTeINFEN JO plooar paysyqnd ys1y jo aovyd puz oyeqe ‘IapIgQ yeanye NT “9UeN WOULUIO:) “oWEN [voLUNog CENSUS OF THE NATURALIZED ALIENS OF VICTORIA. (8¥ LOGI ‘PET ‘d peo VW) a) sem-yInog | “TITYKX ‘Toa “yeNT “90TA a JPIPEPL Ing [[eug “TY “euyurm oSeorpe | 10% ued (‘ag (-T ‘eorqeae of eorpoyy) oinysed & se ONBA T}4 JO|X “sy “or) [eaeusr) L88T “wreyg jo ‘umor | -- Sf ve OIpaT peyodg "I + °878moeur oS eolpoyil 00z sfios ABpO TO Jo suOTy “BNYS ystou ul AITe~od (aa¥ POST ‘OBT “d “so ‘quefd omgsed ney y] 9 “sy oq) ie “IT TOA “98ny “Ly ‘yqueg "1 i OPM YR | °° “T “vurndny oseorpey | G61 ‘a |. samnysed [-g) — qsoqa-mamog | L06T ‘ger “d “XX TOA (-q2Q ‘srurzeut “xea) Toy onyea apy Atoa JQ | % W2M-YMION | “401A Jo ‘00g Aoy ‘omg | °° o POPE, Ynoy | ‘wrs9¥ey ‘epidsryoseorpey | ggl symay perma (QV FOBT ‘OBI “d "PITEM, Gain ‘pooat amysed Vv y sy on) [ercuex) “II TOA “asny ‘WL “yy aeg | ia esoulunsay ae YOIpsyy Img “eqe[noTyuep oSvorpay L6OT |. (HV 'N 8 | Lo6t ‘98d “xX ‘oA |- oa | poom ‘sy) preids ATOPIM, qOTA jo “009 ‘Loy ‘OOL] eqtsodutoy ee opruo wey popunoryy ‘eaploostp BIT O11} RY 96T Sars m9 (av OL8T ‘gL ‘d oy pauireporg: “qisy, VW » “SV “nn yerouay) oA ‘TOA Sasny “LL “Gyueqg SYVIGeyT =f punoyeloxy, sl B ‘oresA Taniqnareyy G6 Cay 9 “SV _ 8061 ‘T6T “4 = “a) WOM -UMON | “ATX X ‘TOA “FEN “9A a MOLL POTOT MA TT ‘eqel[IoryJ0a eapey| FET (Ca¥ €98T ‘Ost “a a 9 “SY “O) yerouey “TOA “9SNY “LT “yQueg ce a ‘* MOTPAL [TEL | °° “T stajsoapAs valet €61 (aRV €98T ‘gsr a ns x “sy Sm) [ereUeD | “7 ‘Toa “ASN “LT ee : S 4 MOTTA, Fea | -*v]T ‘erpoyrpungor eayeyy| ZET S981 ‘98T * pee YW} (q) peoads AjoprM | “Tt JOA “W8NV “LT yyuog | ** Voovaley | MOR pelamoy-lpeurg “YT ‘eloprased eae | TET sarnqs OM} doy pewmre[o (‘ury) §991148Tp -oid *poaat auroseaq no14 Vv 'N oy Aypedtoutrg S-L88L “Td “qorA 04 soy eq 1sod u0() a ied peo Youd “TO "@Arqes BIpeyq, 06T (s¥ S681 “SPT . paem Vy “q) peosds Apoptm | -d “XY ‘OA “GEN “FOIA eesou[nunitg | °° ‘* oFfaqsesooT | “] ‘srre8jna ergoeush] | gg] 97849 (“aaV ejoym eG} JO¥ pawirefo | -g) WOHeAryNd 806T ‘T6r “4 ‘ -O1g ‘qued oSpay y| wosaz peords Aoptm | “ATX X ‘TOA “IN “90tA | °° ss “" WoEL, Xog PrI0H | ‘quayy‘wnprazoy wunrosrTy| get (eurqo) G98T ‘L9F “d “AT ; qued espeq | peosds ATapIm | ‘oA “ISNV ‘LE “yQueg | °- woowuBjog}** usloyy, Xog esouryy | ** [TT ‘esueurgo wnroAT | 797 (aV e98I ‘ogT -d ? SP[PYUI0D Jo paom Wl] » “sy “GT) [eIoUeN | “T ‘oA “ysnY ‘YW "qUeg'| °° i i iss 27° Oppooo-aaoy | ** rT rls sraqoAy | ost “GAAS “Buy (uy LOGT ‘ST “a ; -iedsea srayodry) eqye poem WIN % “H) “FIA SCT | “AIX ‘TOA “JEN “901A | ‘coo TOAOTO OXSTV re JOAOCTO pere}snj{O Teao[g Adlogaheyg = [eTUueleg ae JOACTO 4005-8 oe A "* TAOTO Poavay-MOr1Te NT ae ae Spsyeg ee ‘+ aorpepueq seedy) opegng oe "* pesos sory pooa -1a83eYQ IO 410M -puNo A *+ £rmdg powoureys-oALT fumdg t109 Tomo, und -gteyT = pammoyoo-se.M, J, 3 TeMoL_ urnborreyy epsIaL “og cic ‘uniopisied WINT[OFLL, ‘* Jey ‘snuror waNnTosITy, vy ‘NyeUTeOUT TENTIAL, vy ‘umpraqéy wanqpostsy, "I ‘UINgeIEUIO[S — WINTTOFTAY, rT] ‘WanIepSeIy VUNTOFI ** 7 ‘osttoAre UANI[OFL, is TOFULL, ‘canIpoFIsnsue ame ‘snrjoytasod pagel: *TaqaM ‘a[Teuloygo mnoexerey, “yuerog ‘una -eollemre = angdeyoueyg - "YT “BIpeur eLrel[ayg TT ‘sisueare sfyowg "T ‘ezpuejued vinS1edg ‘+ 7 ‘ststueare vensiedg Taetp “IBY, ‘TOpoor, srxeaedg ‘[Med)-I9y “e1opipueis sixeiedg ot "Ty ‘sneoele[oO snyouog CENSUS OF THE NATURALIZED ALIENS OF VICTORIA. go poo ¥ 978}G 9[OYA 94} IOz pomreporg “quel espoy y peo ¥ sseid einjsed: jermuezed pnzosn W einqysed ur enyea 4q8T8 JO queyd singsed @ se onjea GSTs JO Sps0M [entue sseddns 04 sdpeq ose ‘ qued emgsed @ sev osn JQ enyea emysed 4ysys Area 4Q poo Vv anyva appoy yUSys yo nq ‘quer omysed penuue uy yued omysed pood y que omgsed @ se osn 44878 jQ jued emgsed [nzosn y (8¥ ‘N 3 WT) yseM-qynog Coy Ry “Sy “W) [sreWeK Cov 9 “SY “q) [e1eueDH (EV ® “q) [e1euexy [erauoyy [e.1ouex) CY @ “sy “q) peerds jopr Ay (-) 48944 -Gynog (ay R “sy “T) qezoned) = e “BY “q) Terouex (‘sy 2 ‘H) puords Ajopra, ; (IV 9 BV “H) S9AL-GINOg : (av R “sy “q) [BIOMED Cary 9 “ay “sy “o) yeremer [eieuer) (av % “sy “q) TeIeKED “9061 ‘6 “d “TIXX lA “9®N 991A SL81 ‘T6T “d “TA TOA “SQV "LE “Wpmog L881 “ULKeYg Jo “moe LEST “Wey Jo ‘uo S681 ‘SFI ‘dX TOA “3BN BIA 8061 ‘88 ‘d “XX TOA “FEN “FLA 806I ‘Zor “dt “ATXX TOA “F8N “IA LOGT ‘L8 ‘d “XX ‘OA “401A Jo ‘00g ‘Loy ‘001g LE8T “WUrIeGg Jo ‘amor S-LE8T “Id ‘3°tA 07 Aoyy LOGT ‘FBT “4 “TIIXX TOA “FN “291A LOGT ‘PET “4 “TITXX ‘TOA “@NC “08 S-L881 “Td “998A 04 sox FO8T “OST “d “IT PA “WY TA “WMT POST ‘OST “d “IT TPA “BUY LT “Wyueg POST ‘OST “d “TL PA “HSNY ‘LA ‘WUog BoovuBllo[v A ee wooBoyIQ) esourunsey svaouyAydoss0er OULDB I) esouluingsey pees peqzINsy-M O1F8 NY N09 OT}FION JBM SION T2L esi0¥) Jo ozInT WONBUIVD 40A4]9A. ‘+ woyeureg sAyonpoig ssery) 78Q YSIMoTea yooisnuag Jo ‘ouoSuy, 4ooy-8 prt, "* IOAO[O popvey-AT[OOAA ue TACT) WeeUeLiejqug JOAOL) paqqOuyy sf JasoTO Ysnoy TaA0I9 [enuuy I9A0[9 qoynq Jo ‘Ieao(—yQ eva MA IOAOIO doy Tenury Jo aojex ArI0q Meg JOAOTN poy eq, (jestoy ‘edaeo -oronmt = *A) = WOROd “eyeyuep 2][eURLIOTe A “y ‘suam vonIq “I “Bolorp Bot) ; TT ‘snedoane xa) ( ee! TOs y “eUyNyes “L) ‘eurgnjea ‘eA ‘sdoag “ereyyoid voruny, (ry ‘suooseAey BUBAY) “Bied ‘esuqjyeid unjyestiy, | "T ‘sapro -Tpodoyyras0 seus ‘UINsoOjU9TIO4 sniinaney “I ‘UINEUeLIE}QNS WINIOFIL, "coy UIMNgeLYS TINTOfITy, ‘+ vy] ‘uniqevos TANOsLL, ‘anyeurdnser cmos, T ‘suedex winioyry, rT] ‘suequinooid wantostzy, ‘+ vy ‘esuezerd wanqosII, “roOBIEYO “eTOY [BUISIIO | PUB MOWNGySsIp [e007 “WOTPeZTeN4e NT Jo pioser poysyqnd ysry jo oovyd pus oyeq *IepIO Tenge yy *sweN ToUUTOD ‘oWeN [woTUEIOg SPE gL Census oF THE NATURALIZED ALIENS OF VICTORIA. ~ meyyueg 99g “97899 SI} Ul pazipemyeu of sB you sued stay yo suotpeds uviI0zZ0IA OU Mees OABY OM f ‘(8-L06T) 6T “d “XX “TOA “901A Jo ‘00g “Aoy ‘oorg osye 99g 4 “squeid 0444 asoyy a4 “BIOL YsylIg oy} JO YOoQpuey s,1oyooH put ‘quad [epmuaiod @ sf yor “] ‘uingensbe “7 88 ‘syue|d “901A 0} AOM OsTe “IT [OA “4SNV ‘Tg “UJUE_ Ul poprovey » qued sue ¥ O77 AOUA OF} OF pewreporg “pees ped VW qsad oulosetqnoly V pozyeinyeu Mou f ‘op ‘suopres uloy edvoseo uy “cc “ “ “cc “ “ sdois 10430 Jo Ureid SUOMI STLOSeTqNOIy eyo 86ynq = ‘SulANUeU ueeid IO Joppoy 10F [NFos—) . ‘e of “ poow V pees euloseiqnoy Vy (‘H) 389M -GNOg (Vv 9 “sy “q) [ereusy CoV ‘g) peoads Apepin Cary “sv 7) peoids ATOPtAd (aaV 8 ‘sy) peords ATOptAA Coy 9 “SV ‘q) peoids Apopty (ov @ “sy “g) TeremeD Cay 2 “SV “o) peaids ATOptAA Cay 9 “SV “q) peesds Apopia Cay “sv “q) peerds AToplAd (OV 9 “SV “q) peoids AToprA (av P “SV “q) peesds AToptn (‘Soa ouruesry) peords ATOPTAA (‘Bax ‘dory) [aynue(d you qnq ‘peords AjoptAd (8V 9 ‘H) yHued you qnq ‘peoids ATopiM (ayy @ “Sy “H) Ter9mED GOBT ‘6L ‘d “TIXX ‘lA “38N “991A “ggg ‘gee -d “TIT TOA SISNY ‘WW “WUE L061 ‘ot “4 “AIXX TOA “F®N “29LA S681 ‘FFT ‘dX ‘OA “FEN “POA S-LEBT “Td “1A 09 Soy LSBI “waeyg Jo winor FOS ‘TFS “d “IT “qsny ‘Td “WyUeg POST ‘TFS “d “IT oA “NV ‘LA “Wu ‘JOA S-LST “Td “OIA 0} Loy LEST “Waeyg Fo [eummor “ S681 ‘SPI dX ‘TOA “JEN “9OLA LO6T ‘91 “4 “ATXX TOA “FN “49OLA 8061 ‘Z6T ‘d “ATXX ‘TOA “9°®N “FIA L881 “Ted jo ‘uinor LEST “WaeYyg Jo ‘uno 698T ‘ELF “d “AT TOA “SQV ‘TH “BINEg VOoepVreny eeqyIsodutoy weopiy BOOelOLA . “ce exeovufoody woovlepnydorog oe “cc eeaoulaqie A . “ce sxoowrrenydoiog ‘+ sOBtM ser ce img ysanyqyeqg ‘+ Apry opug sweeypy < “7 #TOTA OULD ePTlAned Ful epyaras “Weg Joye Io ont "* exey, 10 YO,90A OB, _ “" erey, TueT "+ YOJOA POABOT-MOULE NT ‘+ TPempeodyg s,uimeqxng me Tempesdg Tem [espesdg quequmnooig WIeAIAA Poul, UISAIOA PAOMOG-JE}sNIQ me UIST 90 eT snotmdg td "Ty “eure v10}807 "7 ‘ungourds wnmjuex ‘BI[OJIPEIT “IVA “TMA “eUvITey, eraosy2 A = "TT ‘eyeropo Bora. "T “@9SO1 BOUT, "T ‘1ofeur vou, “J “Barges Iola “POS “BINSITY BIOTA “G70%Y “Bfoysnsue ero1rA ‘uoy, ‘TuIneqxng eoruo0la A ‘' "y ‘sisueAre VOTUOIE A ‘+ 7 ‘sysoa8e voTuoIeA "qooH ® TI) ‘esouea vueqie, ‘TT ‘sIsuelIeuog vueqioA TJ ‘snsdeyy, unoseqio A "y ‘erreqyerg UInoseqio A Tsé oss 6FE 92 SysTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF NaturaL ORDERS. NATURAL ORDERS ARRANGED SYSTEMATICALLY ACCORDING TO BENTHAM & HOOKER’S GENERA PLANTARUM. (The numbers refer to the preceding list of Aliens.) THALAMIFLORA. Ranunculaceze (4)— 270, 271, 272, 273. Papaveracee (5)— 35, 149, 225, 236, 237. Fumariacex (3)— 143, 1434, 1438. Crucifers (19)— 16, 55, 56, 57, 71, 72, 89, 116, 117, 129, 130, 176, 177, 220, 274, 295, 296, 307, 308. Resedacex (1)— 275. Violacess (1)— 361. Polygalaces (1)— 263. Caryophyllacese (15)— 34, 87, 88, 115, 152, 185, 186, 290, 305, 306, 319, 320, 322, 344, 3444. Portulacaceze (1)— 69. Hypericacez (2)— 160, 161. Malvacez (6)— 154, 191, 192, 193, 194, 216. DISCIFLORA. Geraniacee (5)— 127, 128, 282, 233, 234. CALYCIFLORA. Leguminosae (40)— 10, 109, 110, 184, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, 226, 227, 269, 294, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 345, 356, 357, 358. Rosaces (5)— 11, 268, 278, 280, 281. Onagrariaces (2)— 924, 225. Cucurbitacer (2)— 105, 118. Cactacess (1)— 229. Ficoidex (4)— 144, 211, 212, 213. Umbelliferse (10)— 22, 79, 80, 98, 103, 113, 142, 242, 243, 292. GAMOPETALA. Rubiacez (2)— 146, 304. Valerianacew (1)— 348 Dipsacaez (1)— 291. Composite: \53)— 1, 28, 29, 30, 33, 39, 49, 50, 70, 78, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 83, 84, 85, 86, 94, 95, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 125, 126, 145, 150, 153, 162, 163, 164, 168, 171, 190, 196, 228, 251, 252, 293, 297, 298, 299, 300, 315, 316, 324, 325, 363. SysTteMaTIC ARRANGEMENT OF NATURAL ORDERS. 93 GAMOPETALAS—continued. Campanulacexw (1)— (Lobeliacess)— 180. Primulacese (2)— 25, 189. Apocynacess (2)— 359, 360. Asclepiadacez (1)— 1 Polemoniacesw (1)— 147. Boraginacee (4)— 12, 24, 119, 179. Convolvulacez 3)— 99, 106, 223. Solanacez (7)— 112, 187, 188, 221, 222, 311, 312, 313, 314 Scrophulariacesw (11)— 46, 47, 48, 81, 178, 215, 349, 350, 353, 354, 355. Verbenacex (2)— 351, 352. Labiate (12)— 174, 175, 195, 209, 210, 218, 230, 279, 287, 288, 289, 321. Plantaginacez (3)— 258, 254, 255. APETALA. Amarantacea (5)— 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. Chenopodiaceze (8) — 40, 41, 51, 90, 90a, 91, 92, 93. Phytolaceacese (— Sepennacis (9)— 124, 264, 265, 266, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286. Euphorbiacez (4)— 131, 132, 138, 276. Urticacess (2)— 346, 347. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Tridez (10)— 148, 157, 165, 219, 277, 309, 310, 317, 318, 362. Liliaceee (2)— 37, 38 Pontederiaces (1)— 121. Juncacez (2)— 166, 167. ° Naiadacez (1)— 364. Graminex (89)— 2, 8, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 86, 42, 43, 44, 45, 52, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 82, 108, 111, 114, 120, 122, 123, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 155, 156, 158, 159, 169, 170, 172, 173, 181, 182, 183, 206, 14, 217, 281, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 267, 301, 302, 303, 3034, 323, 343. 94 INTRODUCED EXOTICS NOT YET FULLY NAaTURALIZED. EXOTICS NOT YET SUFFICIENTLY ESTABLISHED TO BE CONSIDERED NATURALIZED. For distribution, &c., see Journal of Pharmacy (1887); Journal Royal Society of New South Wales, Vol. XLIL, p. 197 (1908); Victorian Naturalist, Vol. X., p. 144 (1893). and Vol. XXIV., p. 192 (1908); Journal Royal Society of Victoria,Vol. XXII. (1909), (Seventy-two species from sixty-six genera.) Amaranthus deflexus, L. Ambrosia artemisifolia, Mayn. & Walp. Andropogon saccharoides, Sw. Antirrhinum Orontium, L. Arctotis argentea, Thunb, Argemone ochroleuca, Sw. Avena sterilis, L Borago officinalis, L. Calycotome spinosa, Link. Carbena benedicta, Adans. Cenchrus echinatus, L. Centaurea cyanus, L. Charieis heterophylla, Cass. Cistus salvifolius, L. Cleome graveolens, Rafin. Collomia linearis, Nutt. Conringia orientalis, Don. orientale, Mill.) Crepis virens, L. Cyperus vegetus, Willd. Datura Metel, L. Delphinium consolida, L. Dimorphotheca pluvialis, Moench. Digitalis purpurea, L. Dipsacus fullonum, L. Eragrostis major, Host. Galium murale, All. Gilia achilleaefolia, Benth. Grindelia squarrosa, Dunal. - Hordeum maritimum, With. Humulus Lupulus, L, Hyoscyamus albus, L. Ixia erecta, Berg. Lathyrus latifolius, L. Lathyrus sativus, L. Lavatera arborea, L. Leonotis Leonurus, R. Br. (Erysimum Leontodon hirtus, L. Linaria genistifolia, Mill. Linaria Pelisseriana, L. Linaria versicolor, Moench. Lunaria annua, (Lunaria inodora, Lam.) Lycium atrum, L. Matricaria Chamomilla, L. Mesembryanthemum angulatum, Thunb. Mesembryanthemum falciformis, Haw. Oenothera acaulis, Cav. Ononis spinosa, L. Opuntia vulgaris, Haw. Oxalis purpurata, Jacq. Papaver argemone, L. Pascalia glauca, Orteg. Pelargonium graveolens; L’Herit. Phalaris intermedia, Bosc. Phleum tenue, Schrad. Physalis angulatum, L. Physalis peruviana, L. Pimpinella Anisum, L. Plectranthus Costsa, Buch.-Ham. Poa arachnifera, Torr. Raphanus sativus, L. Saponaria officinalis, L, Solanum eleegnifolium, Cav. Sparaxis bulbifera, Ker.-Gawl. Tetrogona decumbens, Mill. Tetragona fruticosa, L. Trifolium supinum, L. Trigonella Foonum-grecum, L. Ursinia chrysanthemoides, Haw. Verbesina encelioides, Benth. & Hook. £. Vicia tetrasperma, Monch. Viola tricolor, L. Zygophyllum sbssilifolium, L. GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS. _ACHENE, small one-seeded seed-like fruit. Acrip, having a biting taste. Apwats, adhering to. AGGLUTINATION, sticking together. ALBUMINOID, resembling white of egg. Atea, plants of the sea-weed group. _Atigns, plants not native to Victoria. Atkauiniry, the condition due to the presence of free alkali (potashsoda, lime, &c.).. ALKALOID, nitrogenous substances, frequently poisonous. ALTERNATE, singly arranged leaves are alternate. Annvats, plants lasting less than one year. AntTHeERs, the male or pollen-bearing organs of flowers. ApgEx, the growing end of a root, stem, or branch. AproaL, at the apex. -ARABLE, under the plough. ARCHAIC, ancient. AXILLARY, occurring in the axil of a leaf where it joins the stem. AxiL, the upper angle between the junction of the leaf with the stem. Axis, the main axis of the plant includes both stem and root. Aroma, scent or fragrance. -ARoMATIO, having an aroma. _ARSENITE oF Sopa, a compound of soda and white arsenic. _ASPHYXIATION, a condition produced by the absence of air (oxygen) in plants or animals. ASTRINGENT (ADSTRINGENT), having tightening up properties (medicinal). _ATROPIN, a poisonous alkaloid. Basat, at the base. Brewwrat, lasting for two years. Br-sexvat, a bi-sexual flower contains both stamens and carpels. Bracr, the leaf in whose axil a flower or flowering shoot arises. Buus, small cluster of swollen leaves capable of producing new plants. Buus, a condensed stem surrounded by fleshy leaves. ‘CaLcaRgous, chalky. Catcrum, the metal contained in chalk and lime, and essential as a plant food. ‘CaLcruM CHLORIDE, the compound with hydrochloric (muriatic) acid (spirits of salt). -CaLyx, the united series of green parts outside a flower. ; ‘CAMPANULATE, bell shaped. ‘CAPSULE, a many seeded pod formed from several carpels and splitting in various ways. enacts: a compound of a base with carbon dioxide. CaRPEL, the female organ of the flower in which the seeds develop. “CaTOH-OROP, a crop of short duration, grown between two main ones. CEREALS, grasses ylelding grain for food. -CrrRHosIs, a disease in which the glandular tissue of the liver is replaced by connective tissue, and becomes hard or enlarged. ‘CLEFT, split. -CoLumn, the central axis in an orchid flower formed by the union of the stamen and style. Compositx, plant whose apparent flowers are composed of numerous small ones (florets). -Coyiuy, the poisonous alkaloid of Hemlock. ‘Corpate, heart-shaped. Corotia, the united ring of parts (petals) usually coloured, within the calyx. ‘Corm, a swollen underground stem, surrounded by dry scale leaves. ‘CosmoPoLitan, found all over the world. GLossary oF TECHNICAL TERMS. GLossary—continued. CotyLEpon, the first seed leaf of the embryo plant. Cumann, the volatile odoriferous principle giving Melilotus the scent of new mown hay. Cyctic, occurring in cycles. A term used when a weed waxes and wanes in numbers. at intervals of years. ; ¥ Fi CyMz, a group of flowers in which the main axes are short and end in terminal flowers. Daturin, the poisonous alkaloid of the Thorn Apple. DEHIScENT, splitting open to shed the seeds. DEFLECTED, bent back. : DitateEp, swollen or distended. Diso, the central portion of the flower head of a Composite. Disc-FLorets, the small central flowers of a Composite head. Diuretic, increasing the production of urine. DUBOISIN SULPHATE, the compound of the poisonous alkaloid, duboisin, with sulphuric acid, sometimes used by oculists. Economic, having a useful, or utilitarian, value. Ercorttiy, the poisonous principle of ergot. Exortc, not native to this country. Ferip, having a bad smell. Firz-weep, a weed which springs up after fires. Fuaccrp, drooping or not tense or turgid. Fuora, the plants of a country or district. Frorets, the small flowers of a Composite head. FLoweErine Axis, the stem on which flowers are borne. FLowerine Giumr, the outer scale-like bract enclosing a single grass flower, several of which usually form each small “ spikelet.” Futvovs, reddish yellow. Funiouz, the stalk of a seed. Fonevs, plants belonging to the group of the moulds, mushrooms, and puff ‘balls. Foner, plural of fungus. GASTRO-ENTERITIS, inflammation of the stomach and intestine. GirHacin, the poisonous principle of the purple Corn Cockle. GLaBRous, without hairs. GLANDULAR, having organs or glands capable of excreting liquids or dissolved solids. GLOBOSE, rounded. Giumes, the scaly bracts of a grass spikelet. Hamarurtia, a discase characterized by the escape of blood pigment in the urine. Homocennovs, all alike. Homus, decayed animal and vegetable matter, mainly the latter. HypoprERmic, beneath the skin. InctsED, cut or deeply indented from the margin. INDEFINITE, numerous, or more than twelve. INFLATED, swollen or distended. INFLORESCENCE, a cluster of flowers. Innocvots, harmless, not poisonous or injurious. Invotvorg, the bract or bracts enclosing an inflorescence (group of flowers or Composite head). Kut, the two lowest united petals in a flower of the pea type. paNenOL ary, lance shaped. ARYNX, the voice organ of mammals, the ‘“ Adam Apple ” of the throat. Larryrism, 4 paralytic affection due to eating the Indian Pea. Lzarvets, the segments of a compound leaf. Lear-sHnatu, the basal part of the leaf which sometimes wraps round the stem. Lzaumg, the pod-like fruit of the pea family, which splits into two halves lengthwise when ripe. Lzauminovs, belonging to the pea family and having the same type of fruit. Luruarcio, lazy, sleepy, disinclined to exertion. Linnar, narrow, and of nearly equal breadth throughout. Losgs, the free projecting segments of a calyx, corolla, or leaf. Locoxp, affected by a poison usually causing more or less complete paralysis or madness. Luprinotoxine, the poisonous principle of lupins. Margvstn, the fragrant medicinal principle of the Horehound. Mipriz, the central vein of a leaf. GLossaryY or TECHNICAL TERMS. 97 GLossaRy—continued. MILLIMETERE, 3 of an inch. Morsip, unnatural. MuciLacE, « gummy product or exudation from plants. Mucous Mrmsrang, the lining of the digestive canal. Narcorio, producing sleep, insensibility, or death. Nevritis, inflammation of the nerves. : NEvRITIS (PERIPHERAL), inflammation of the nerve-endings. NITRATE, a compound of nitric acid with a base. Nirrirication, the process by which nitrogenous organic matter is converted into nitrates by micro-organisms if lime or a similar base is present. Nitrogen, the chief constituent of the atmosphere, and one of the most important. elements of plant and animal food. Noruxts, the little nut-like or seed-like fruits into which the fruit of a sage or dead- nettle splits. Oxscorpats, heart shaped, with the point to the stalk. OsLiQuE, neither horizontal nor perpendicular. Ostone, longer than broad, with nearly parallel sides. OxovatE, oval, but broader at the outer end. OBovaTE-OBLONG, intermediate between the two preceding shapes. Otractory, having the sense of smell. OrBIcULaR, flat, with a circular outline. Ovary, the part in which the seeds develop. Ovary (INFERIOR), when the ovary is sunk in the flower stalk below the insertion of sepals, petals, and stamens. Ovary (SupmRior), the base not below the insertion of the other parts of the flower. Ovartn, egg-shaped with the broader end basal. Ovorp, egg-shaped. _PatmaTE, shaped like the hand. Panicue#, a loose flower cluster. Pappus, the tuft of hairs on the seed-like fruits of Composites, &c., or on the seeds. of other plants. PaRasITIc, growing on, and at the expense of, another plant or animal. Partirs, divided into pieces or segments. Pervicet, the stalk of a flower. PERENNIAL, a plant living for several years. Prrtanrs, the leaf-like parts enclosing the stamens and carpels in a flower. PERIPHERAL-NEURITIS, inflammation of the nerve endings. Prratorp, petal-like. Prats, the coloured leaf-like parts of a flower, lying between the sepals and stamens. Petro.z, the stalk of a leaf. PHYLLODE, a flattened leaf-like petiole (Acacia, &c.). . Prats, segmented in « feather-like manner, with the leaflets on each side of the common stalk. Pinnatirip, partially cleft or split in pinnate fashion. Potassium, 8 metallic element essential as a food material for all plants and animals. Porasstum Nrrratn, the salt formed when nitric acid unites with potassium. PREDILECTION, preference. PrRICKLE, a stiff pointed appendage, not containing woody tissue. ProcnaiMmeD Puant, a plant notified by the Governor in Council in the Government Gazette as included under the provisions of the Thistle Act. Prosrrate, lying flat. _ Prorerps, nitrogenous materials like white of egg, &c., forming the bulk of the living substance, protoplasm. ProMAINE, a poisonous product of bacterial decomposition. PouneeEnt, pointed. Racemg, a flowering stem with the youngest flowers at the top. Ravirot, arising apparently from the root at the base of the stem near the ground. Ray Frorets, the outer petal-like florets of a Composite head. Recrpracre, the top of the flower stem from which the parts of the flower arise. REFLEXED, bent back. Ruizomss, more or less elongated underground stems, usually at the base of the stem. Ricryin, the poisonous principle of the Castor Oil seed. 98 GLossary or Trecunicat TERMS. GLossaRy—continued. Rosacgovs, rose-like. Rosette, a tuft of leaves arising at the same point. Root-stook, a short stem resembling a stubby root. RUNNER, a creeping branch which roots and forms new plants. Satine, salty. 1 Scatus, modified leaves, usually small, dry, and membranous, or in bulbs large and fleshy. Szements, the pieces into which a leaf or other part may be divided. Supats, the outer, usually green, and leaf-like, parts of a flower. SESSILE, unstalked. SHEatuine Bract, a bract which wraps round the stem, inflorescence, or flower. Souantn, the poisonous alkaloid of the genus Solanum. Soritary, occurring singly. SPATHULATE, spoon-shaped. SPIKELETS, the small scaly clusters of grass flowers. Sprxp, a flowering branch with unstalked flowers. Spine, a short, hard pointed branch with a central core of woody tissue. SPoRaDIC, appearing in abundance at intervals of time. Stamens, the male organs of the flower. SraminopDgE, a sterile stamen, sometimes reduced to a mere scale. Sranpagp, the large petal at the back of a pea flower. Sriema, the receptive region of the style for pollen. Srrpuuss, the leaf-like bodies often found at the base of a leaf stalk. STRIATE, grooved. Sryzz, the stalk joining the stigma to the ovary. Svuoxer, a shoot arising beneath the soil, or the absorbent or attaching organ of a parasite. SurERPHospPyuarTs, a soluble acidified compound of lime with phosphoric and sulphuric acids. . SuRROGATE, a substitute or adulterant. TaNNIN, an astringent substance common in many barks (Oak, &c.). Tar-noor, the descending main root, TEenpDRIL, a thread-like coiling attaching organ. TERMINAL, at the end of a stem or branch. THALAmous, the top of the flower stalk from which the floral parts arise. TxHoRN, a short, hard, pointed branch with a woody core but with few or no leaves. Toxic, poisonous. Trip, split into three. , TRIFOLIATE, with three leaflets. TUBERCLES, the swellings occurring on roots or stems. Those on the roots of Legu- minose contain bacteria, and are able to use the nitrogen of the air as a food. TUBEROUS, more or less swollen. Tusmrr, a swollen stem, usually underground (Potato, &c.). UMBELLATE, resembling an umbel. Umpst, a cluster of stalked flowers all arising at the same point. UNIsExuAL, having one sex. Vatvas, the segments into which fruits may split. Veratrin, the poisonous alkaloid of the Veratrum Lily. VERMIFUGE, a substance which expels worms. Visor, sticky. VoLaTILE, evaporating readily. Wuort, a ring of two or more leaves. XEROPHYTES, plants adapted to grow in dry situations where water is scanty, or in swampy or saline localities where they need to use as little as possible. A PLANTS PROCLAIMED FOR THE WHOLE STATE. 99 PLANTS PROCLAIMED UNDER THE THISTLE ACT FOR THK WHOLE STATE. PAGR .ApPLE oF Sopom (Solanum sodomeum, L.) 44 -BInDWEED (Convolvulus arvensis, L.) 48 BLACKBERRY BRAMBLE (Rubus fruticosus, L.) 27 Box Tuorn (Lycium horridum, Thunb.) 46 Burweep or Baraurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum, L.) 42 ‘CALIFORNIAN STINK WEED (Gilia squarrosa, Hook and Arn.) 43 Care Tune (Homeria collina, Vent.) F 57 ‘CHaRLock or Witp Mustarp (Brassica Sinapistrum, Boiss.) oes 14 Doppsr (Cuscuta epithymum, Murr.) 47 “Furze or Gorsz (Ulex europeus, L.) 24. Hancine Mistietor (Loranthus pendulus, Sieber) . 28 Hemuock (Conium maculatum, L.) 29 ‘Mautssr THistir (Centaurea melitensis, L.) 37 Maxx Tuistie (Carduus marianus, L.) 36 “MistLetor (Loranthus celastroides, Sieber) 28 Nour Grass (Cyperus rotundus, L.) 62 ‘Onton Grass (Romulea cruciata, Ker-Gaul.) 58 PrrenniaL Taistis (Carduus arvensis, L.) 35 ‘Pricgiy Cactus (Opuntia monacantha, Haw.) 28 ‘Sarrron Tuistie (Kentrophyllum lanatum, D.C.) 37 ‘St. BarnaBy’s Tuistie (Centaurea solstitialis, L.) 37 St. Jonn’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum, L.) . 1 Scoton THistiE (Onopordon acanthium, L.) 36, 37 Sore or StenpER Tasty (Carduus pycnocephalus, Jacq.) 37 Spear THistie (Carduus lanceolatus, L.) 36 “Star Tustin (Centaurea caleitrapa, L.) 37 Srinzwort (Inula graveolens, Desf.) 40 Swart Briar (Rosa rubiginosa, L.) 26 ‘THORN APPLE (Datura Stramomium, L.) 46 “Water Hyacinta (Hichhornia speciosa, Kunth.) 60 100 MUNICIPALITIES FOR WHICH SPECIAL PLANTS ARE PROCLAIMED. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MUNICIPALITIES FOR WHICH SPECIAL PLANTS ARE PROCLAIMED, PAGE BELLARINE, Onion Weed .. os he ig a — .. 60: Bunaares, Cape Broom .. 26 ts 2: be is 23 @E Corac, Ragwort - #3 SK = te “ .. 41 Creswick, Cape Broom .. es we is a oe zz 2 Dunvas, Acacia Hedge .. 26 ee at re .. 21 FRANKSTON AND Hastinas, Acacia Hedge Se ile 8 ie ve 21 GLENLron— Cape Broom bu ash Pe os sis a -. 21 English Broom be it fis oer oe ee «» 22 Haminton, Acacia Hedge. . ns ae its i os. 2 HEpeLsera, Cape Broom .- a me és i -. 12 Kitmorz, Cape Broom .. sn fa ne au se .. 21 Kyweron, Cape Broom .. 53 io hs as be .. 21 Lexton, Cape Broom... act ns a at oi .- 21 Litypatz, Cape Broom .. - a es is ee sy 2k MaLtpon— Acacia Hedge wf aie si ss ns ao zy (21 Cape Broom a aa i i Ss es wx Cape Weed - 38 Chinese Scrub ‘ B is 2 ae a .. 33 English Broom 22 af i bg sis ox -. 22 Fetid Chamomile... i ar bs as eG .. 82 Horehound es ae bs ag ae a8 .. 52 Onion Weed = es sie re id a -. 60 Paterson’s Curse Si ais a a ea a . 51 Pitch Weed oe i bie ati ae a8 .. 40 Ragwort .. 2s a a is ae .. 41 Matmssury, Cape Broom | a Seg as ae ae .. 2 Mrezoo, Ragwort es +s is 3 og es .. 4l Morwineton, Acacia Hedge es aii ae i bil gt Zl Orzost, Fetid Chamomile on see és Se ah jun “Oe ‘PaILur Istanp anp Woonamat, Ragwort .. - AG a exo AL Poowong anv JezrHo— Cape Weed .. 3 bs oe a 33 ing .. 38. Ragwort .. ra oe ue oe a + 41 Port Farry, Onion Weed ‘4 Ae ‘3 es es .. 60 Portianp (SHIRE and Borovex), Acacia Hedge... iz te ie QE QuzrENsciirr, Onion Weed a ae “i ar ite .. 60 SoutH Barwon , Onion Weed a a is = av .. 60 Sours Grersuanp, Ragwort ‘fy <3 os 7 es .. 4) SPRINGFIELD, Cape Broom 3 o as 2 ee .. 21 Swan Hix, Onion Weed sc ec a ae iss .. 60- TrmpPLestowz, Cape Broom i ass fais ar bi sy «BE Toowong, Paterson’s Curse a ae a ee sf . Ol VioLet Town, Pitch Weed ats se ie ig an .. 40 Waraneaa, Chinese Scrub ae 5 aie 8 a -. 33 WaRRNAMBOOL, Horehound ici ass oe is 25 .. 62 Winona, Treacle Mustard 5 uh 59 bn bes . 16 Woorayt, Ragwort dea se Pe a8 st Big .. Al Acacia » armata » Longevity ‘of seeds of » Prickly Acena Aconite .. Aconitum N apellus Aithusa cynapium African Box Thorn >, Feather Grass » Thistle Agropyrum repens Agrostis alba ‘ >» vulgaris .. Alchemil Alge .. Alien Weeds, Introduction of Alkali, Influence of, on rene Allene, Yellow .. Almond i Alpine Poa oH acs Alsike Clover < Alternanthera echinata Amarantacez Amaranth, Green " Penciled 3 Reflexed 35 White Amaranthils albus Sa Blitum - retroflexus Amsinchia angustifolia Amsinckia, Narrow-leaved Anagallis arvensis cerulea Andropogon halepensis Annuals, Eradication of Anthemis Cotula .. Anthocercis albicans Anthoxanthum odoratum Apetalz ‘ ig Apple .. ote os Apple of Peru a Apple of Sodom .. Arctium Lappa Argemone mexicana 5 ochroleuca Arghel of Syria Arrowroot Artichoke Asclepiadacese Asparagus Asphodelus fistulosus Aspidium fitixmas Astragalus Hornit ee lentiginosus - mollissimus INDEX. 1, 25 27 13 13 29 25 84 ais 73 62, 63, 70 71 | 54, 71 . 54, 71 . 54, 71 51, 69, 71 Atriplex Atropa Belladonna Atropin .. Avena fatua Balm Herb Barley Grass : 7 Knotted Meadow Bartsia, latifolia .. » Sticky: » Trixago .. 58 viscosa Bathurst Burr... Bean Caper Family Beard Grass, Annual Bell-flower, Prostrate Bellis perennis Beet si » Wild 3 Bent-grass, Creeping 3 me .. >» Marsh Bent-grasses Beyeria viscosa Bindweed a on Black .. > Lesser .. Bird’s-foot Trefoil or Trigonel Bishop’s Weed Black Ash Blackberry 55 Bramble Black Bindweed » Medick .. » Night-shade Bladder Campion 5, Hibiscus Blitum, Wild ae Blue Bell Family Boksdorn . Borage, Common ‘ Family Borago officinalis .. Bouteloua, Smooth Box vi >, Thorn — in. 3 », Chinese >>. Horrid Bramble oe » Jagged-leaved Brassica sinapistrum Bristle Plant Brome Fescue >» Grass i i » Field Hungarian Ed 2 1.47, 1, 96, 1.14, 102 INDEX. Brome Grass, Rough or Slender false Smooth Soft 3 Sterile Bromus catharticus » mollis 3 «purgans .. “3 sterilis .. a » wnioloides Buckshorn Plantain Buckthorn Buck-Wheat gloss, Purple Bulbine bulbosa » semibarbata Bulbous pntieres Burdock Burnet, Greater .. Burr Clover » Grass ‘ »> Medick, Small Buttercup, Bulbous a Corn .. Family Herbege value of Cabbage | Fouily » Wild . Cactacer Cactus » Prickly .. Calandrinia, Purple Calyciflore Camelina sativa Cameline, Common Campanulacez Campion, French 33 Red .. 3 White .. Canary Grass Blue Lesser Caper Spurge Cape Broom » Ivy » Tulip > Wattle >» Weed Capsella Bursa- pastoris Capsicum, False .. Carduus arvensis » crispus .. »» Lanceolatus » Marianus #4 » ‘pycnocephalus .. Carnation, Productive i 5 Velvet Carrot Carthamus tinctorius Carumbium populifolium Celery-leaved a InDEx—continued. | 82, . 41, PAGE: Caryophyllacez , 19 Cassave Bread , : 55 Cassinia arcuata .. » 4,38 Cassytha ae Z 48. Castor Oil Plant .. 3 86 Catchfly, French .. ‘ 88. Caterpillar Plant .. ‘ 87 Cat’s 8 4 79 ; 55 Smooth és 79 Cat’s-tail Grass : 80: Cat’s-tail Koeleria : 80: Caucalis, Knotted : 14 Caustic Vine . 49 Ceara Rubber ‘ 55 Celsia Cretica .- 50, 74 Centaurea calcitrapa .. 37, 74 Sp melitensis eomly TA os solstitialis a Bly. IO Cerastium vulgatum . 20, 75 Ceylon, Influence of fires on vegeta- tion of j 4. Chamomile 9, 32, ‘71, 81 Charlock a . 15, 73 » Jointed .. : 16, 86 » Smooth-leaved : 15 White , 15. Chenopodium : A 54 33 album E 54 55 ambrosioides . 54, 75 a glaucum ‘ 54 - murale 54 35 mutifidum 55, 75 Cherry .. a 26 » Wild 57 Chickweed ou as 10, 20, 89 > Fenzl’s Mouse-ear . 15 Chicory .. r 38, 75. Chinese Scrub 1, 33 Christmas Rose 13. Chrysanthemum ae 37 si Leucanthemum 38, 75 - Parthenium 38, 75 Cichorium Intybus 38 Clary, Common 87 Cleavers 31, 78 Clover .. 31 » Annual Hop 90 » Annual Strawberry 90 » Bokhara ate 82 », Carnation 89 » Clustered .. 89 » Crimson 24 » Dutch 90 .. Hare’s-foot 24, 89 » Knotted 90. »» Narrow-leaved : 89 x» Perennial Strawberry 89 >» Red ‘ 90 » Rough 90 s» Slender 89 » Small 89 » Tree 22. INDEX. 103 InDEX—continued. PAGH PAGE. Clover, White Se 90 Dandelion, Influence of wind on dis- »» Woolly-headed 90 persal of 9 » Yellow 90 Darling Pea 23, 24 Cock’s-foot Grass 76 Darnel Grass 63, 80: Columbine 13. Datura Stramonium 46, 76 Compositz 32 =Daturin 46 Conifer ae 65 Daucus Carota .. 29, 76 ‘Contum maculatum . 29, 75 Deadly Nightshade 1, 6, 45 Convolvulus arvensis fae 75 Dead Nettle Family 5] Family 47 ie Henbit 52, 80 Copper Sulphate, Use of, for weeds . 15 Deforestation 1 Corn Cockle me 119, 81 Delphinium 13 Corn Gromwell .. - 51, 80 Deptford Pink 6 Corn-salad, Narrow-fruited — = 90 Dianthus armeria ‘ 20, 16 Couch Grass .. 10, 62 Digger’s Weed 9, 43, 78 ay ‘Lesser : 64 Piguairs purpurea 49 ee True a 63 = “Dill 84. Cow Soapwort .. 20, 87 Diplotaxis tenuifolia 15, 76 Cow Wheat ; 50 =Dock 10 ‘9 Meadow .. 50 3 Broad-leaved 86 Crab Grass 5 > Clustered 86 Crepis, Beaked 75 », Curled 86 » ‘Tall 76 » Family 53 Cress, Garden ant 16 » Fiddle a » Hoary . 16, 80 Docks .. Crotalaria a 24 Dodder .. lL 8, 9, 47, 48, 69, ee » sagittalis 24 Dog’s Mercury .. 55° Crow-foot, Creeping 86 Dog’s-tail, Crested F 16 oe Meadow es 13 Dogwood Poison Bush 50 3 Sharp-pointed .. 86 Doub Grass . 64 3 Soft .. 13. Dracena . 60 Cruciferz 14 Droseracex ; 20 Cryptogams oe or 66 Drosera communis ; 20: Oryptost calendul . 88, 76 Drought.. ag ‘ 5 Cucumber Family ng 31 Duboisia : oe ‘ 4T Cucumis myriocarpus .. 31, 76 Duboisin Sulphate, Use of : 47 Cucurbitacez : . 31 Dyer’s Rocket 7 ; 17 Cudweed, White .. 79 Lchiwm violacewm . 51, 77 Cumarin ie 23 = =Hichhornia speciosa . 60, 77 Currant . 31 Elecampane ws 40 Cuscuta . 3 on 47 English Broom .. 22, 25, 76 3 epithymum .. 47, 76 Erechthites quadridentata : 39 + europea .. : 47 Eremophila maculata 50 » .Prifolit 47 Ergot .. I “Cycadaceze oe 65 Frigeron canadense 39, 77 Cycas circinalis .. 65 33 lintfolius 39, 77 yy «media 65 Erodium cicutarium 17, 77 Cyclamen ‘ 43 aS moschatum 17, 77 Cynodon dactylon 64 Erophila, Common 77 Cyperacee 61 Erysimum repandum 16, 77 Cyperus esculentus 62 Eucalypts 8, 29 > vrotundus 1, 62 Euphorbia : 55. Cystopus candidus 15 35 alsineflora 55 Cytisus .. 3 = D4. 55 Drummondit 24, 56 > — canariensis 21, 25, 76 % eremophila 56 » —- Scoparius se 22, 25, 76 33 heltoscopia 55, 77 Cytisus, Loner of seeds of 21 7 Lathyris 55, 77 Daffodils 10 peplus 55, 77 Daisy, Common .. 32 Euphorbiacee 55 » Family a ie 32 Huphrasia és 50 Dandelion ae . 6, 10, 42, 89 Evening Primrose Ad 83 Dandelion Crepis . . OB ” a Four-winged 83 104 INDEX. Inpex—continued. PAGE PAGE Excecaria Agallocha 56 Gladiolus, Wild. 78 Exocarpus cupressiformis .. 57 Glaucium flavum .. 14 Exotics not yet fully naturalized 94. Globe Flower 13 Eyebright se ‘ 50 ~=Glossary 95-98 European 50 Goat’s Beard 42 False Oat 12 Goat Root ak 83 Fat Hen 54 Gold of Pleasure .. 15, 74 Feather Grass, Long-styled 84 Golden Crown Grass 84 Fennel .. 78 » Lamarckia 80 Fenugreek Pe 90 Gomphocarpus fruticosus 48, 79 Fern Family 66 Good King a 75 Fescue, Hard 78 Goodia .. 21, 31 » Lolium 78 » lotifolia 22 » Meadow .. 77 Goose-grass: 31, 78 » Red 78 Gooseberry Cucumber 31, 76 » Tall oe 78 Goosefoot si 54 Feverfew .. 38, 75 33 Glaucous 54. Field Brome Grass ‘ 73 a Nettle-leaved 54 5, Cress 80 » Scented 15 Garlic : 10 ss White se 54 »» Madder . 31, 88 Gorse 24, 25, 90 », Poppy 13, 14, 84 » Use as fodder a4 25 Filicinex 66 Graminex ‘ 63 Finger Grass a 5 Grape .. 31 Fiorin Grass . 64,70 Grass Family 63 Fire-weeds 4 » Fires 4 Flag et “ 79 » Wrack 91 Flat-weed . 39,79 Gratiola peruviana 5 49 Flea-bane af 77 ~+Groundsel eo Ay, ST. 36 Canadian 39 Guildford Grass 9, 10, 58, 86 » Flax-leaved 39° Gymnosperme .. pe 65 Fleur de Lis 79 Hair Grass, Crested ° 80 Fodder Crops, Influence of, on weeds | 10 ss » Early 70 Feniculum vulgare - », 718 se >» Small 70 ‘Fog-grass, Yorkshire 79 > Wavy 76 Fool's Parsley 29 Haleppo Grass 7 Forest Fires 4 Hare’s Tail Grass 80 Fox-glove 49 Harlequin Flower 89 Foxtail, Marsh 70 Harvesting, Methods of 5 » Meadow .. 71 Hawksbeard, Fetid ahs 75 » Slender .. 70 Hawkweed Picris . 41, 85 ‘Fumariaceze shes 14. Hawthorn 26 Fumaria officinalis . 14,78 Heath, False Brome 73 Fumitory ave 78 Hedge Mustard, Indian 88 ee Family... , ove an 14 Hedges, Influence of Weeds « on 9 » Rampant de a .- 78 Hedge Hog a6 a4 ; 74 3 Small-flowered .. oe 78 >» Mustard .. . 16, 88 Furze .. ds as 24, 25, 90 » Plants, Application « of Thistle Gahnia .. ae ns .. 62, 63 Act to .. 25 Galenia .. ot 78 Hedypnois, Cretan 79 Galinsoga, Small- flowered . or 78 Hellebore 13 Galium Aparine .. oe .. 31,78 HA elichrysum apiculatum 39 Gamopetale bas si a 30 ss 3 Injurious action Garden Cress se 6 si 16 of hairs on » Orache .. a8 a 72 stock 39 -, Poppy ..- ii 13° Hemlock oe ae 29, 75 Gastrolobium =. . is .. 22,24 Hemp Kurrajong 56 Geraniacee ae eRe ois 17 Henbit Dead Nettle .. 52, 80 Gesse Pea as is ae 22 Hibiscus, Bladder as es 79 Gilia squarrosa .. i .. 43, 78 Hog Weed se ive .. 53, 85 Ginkgo biloba es oa ing 66 Homeria collina 57, 79 Githagin oe oe nn 19 Homolanthus Leschenaultianus 56 INDEX. 105 InpEx—continued. 7 PAGH PAGE Hop Clover, Annual . 90 Lettuce, Prickly .. 40 Hordeum murinum 65, 79 » Wil 80 » pratense 65 Lexton .. ee 22 Horehound 52, 81 Lichens es 66 Hottentot Fig . 82 Liliacess _ 60 Hovea, ok ap of soods of 21 Linaria eatine . 49, 80 Humus, Value of . 4,9 Inthospermum arvense 51. 80 Hureek 4 63 Lobeliacexw a 30 Hypericacer av ae 17 Lobelia pratioides . . .. 30, 31 Hypericum Androsaemum .. 18, 79 Lobelia, Prickly .. * 80 perforatum .. 17, 79 Locoed Stock 24 Hypochceris glabra 39, 79 Lolium Fescue 78 radicata 39, 79 Lolium temulentum 63, 80 Too-plant 82 Loose Strife 81 » _ Heart- leaved 82 Loranthacee wae. 28 Impure Seed, Sale and Introduction ‘of 6 Loranthus celastroides 1, 28 Indian Millet oe - 17 a pendulus 1, 28 » Vetchling 22 Lotus australis 23 Indigo Eaters 24. 3» corniculutus 23 ‘9 id ee 22, + var. uliginosus 13 Indigofera australis e 22 ~=Love plteee lees 53 Inula graveolens .- .. 40,79 Lucerne 82 » Helenium .. : 40 Lupin, Blue 23 Tridee .. ieee 57 » White 23 Tris, German 719 » \Sellow 23 Iron Sulphate, Use of, for Weeds 15 Lwupinotoxine 23 Tronweed. 80 Lupinus albus 23 Irrigation water, Spread of “weeds by 42 Lueua .. 61 Isotoma . A 31 Lychnis cali- rosea 19 99 axillaris .. 30 » «© daurna si 20 1» Brownit .. 30 » dioica .. 20, 81 » longiflora 30 » Githago - 19, 81 Johnson Grass 5, 71 >» —- vespertina ae 20 Juncaceze a 61 Lycium chinense .. .. 69, 81 Juncus bufonius .. 61, 79 » horridum.. 25, 46, 8] Kangaroo Apple .. 44 Macrozamia i: 65 Karroo Desert es 3 Madder Family .. 31 Kentrophyllum lanatum .. 37, 80 Madeira Winter Cherry ae 88 Kentucky Blue Grass : 85 Madia sativa : «+ 40, 81 Key to Thistles 84 Maize, Influence of, on Weeds 2 10 Khaki Weed 69 Mallow, Creeping Red-flowered Se 82 Khoda Millet so 63 » Dwarf .. 19, 81 Knot-weed .. 53, 85 » Family .. . 18 Kurakkan . 17 » small-flowered . 81 Labiata ot 51 » Tall ey 81 Lactuca saligna .. 40, 80 Whorled a 81 Lady’s. Mantle ws 70 Malta Thistle . 37, 74 Lamb’s Quarters . bes 54 Malva .. a 31 Lamium amplezicaule .. 52, 80 rotundifolia .. 19, 81 Larkspur ‘ 13 » sylvestris .. 19, 81 Lathyrus Aphaca .. 23 Malvaceze 7 18 ss —s Sativus 22 Manihot 5B Lauraces sss 48 Manure, tuffusties: as on Weed Seeds 6 Laurel .. a8 . 24,65 Maram Grass a ie i 71 Lawatera arborea .. 19 Marigold 74 Leek .. 61 ae Corn 15 Leguminose a5 21 = Marjoram 83 Lentil Tare a 91 Marrubin 52 Lepidium campestre 16,80 Marrubium vulgare 52, 81 35 Draba .. ae 16, 80 Marsh Bent Grass 64 ms ruderale sf 16 » Foxtail Gs 70 es sativum a 16 Matricaria discoidea * .. 32, 81 8509. 106 InpEx. InpEx—continued. PAGE PAGE Meadow Barley .. 65 Naturalized Aliens, = of 7 69 » Cow Wheat 50 = Nettle, Family 56 » Crowfoot 13 » Dwart ‘ 90 >, Fescue .. : 717 >» Small 56 » Foxtail .. . 71 Tall 56, 90 » Grass... . 8 New *plants, Introduction of % », English . 85 Nicotiana glauca .. 45, 83 » Poa - 85 suaveolens 46 Medicago ks 31 Nightshade, Black 45 5 denticulata .. 23, 81 Common si 45 Longevity of seeds of ‘ 21 White-edged .. 88 Medick, Black 81 Nothoscordum fengrone j 61 » Caltrop 82 Nut Grass 1, 62 » Rough 81 Nut Sedge c 62 Mediterranean Brome 73 Oat Grass, Hairy 72 Medlar .. 26 a Wild .. 72 Meampyrum arvense 50 ie Yellow 90 Melilot, King Island ‘ 23° Oat, Wild 64 », Small-flowered -. 23,82 Onion ... . 60 Melilotus 23, 24, 31 », Grass 58, vi, 86 Longevity of seeds of .. 21 »» Weed . 60, 72 parviflora -. 23, 82 » Wild as 61 Mentha Pulegium -- 52, 82 Onopordon acanthium 36, 83 Mercurialis : 55 Opuntia monacantha 28, 83 Merian’s Bugle Lily 91 Orache, Common .. 72, Methods of Harvesting, Influence of, » Garden Svs 79, on Weeds 5 Oxalis cernua .. 17, 83 Mexican Tea. ‘54, 75 Oxeye Daisy .. 38, 75 Michel’s Avellina 72 Ox Tongue .. 41, 85 Mignonette Pale 17 Ozytropis Lamberti xe 24 5 Wild 86 Palm Ferns aie 65 Milfoil .. + 70 Pangium edule .. 24, 65 Milk Thistle hi 36 Panicum sanguinale < 5 Milkwort, Myrtle-leaved 85 Papaver hybridum 14, 84 Millet Grass, English 82 7 Rheas .. 14, 84 » Indian 77 Papaveraces 13 » Khoda we 63 Parsley .. oe 74 Mistletoe o a 28 Parsley Piert er "0 Hanging | .. 28, 29 Parsnip .. 30, 84 Molinia, Purple «. . 82 Paspalum scrobiculatum 63 Molucca Balm. I 83 Pasturage Methods 2 Monkshood it : 13 Patergon’s Curse . 51, 77 Monocotyledons .. i 57 Pea Family 21 Mosses ... . 66 »» Winged 80 Moth Mullein ie 50 Pear ae ee 26 Mouse-ear Chickweed . 20, 75 » Prickly 83 Mullein, Cretan .. - 74 Pearl Ash < 4: »»_ Great 91 Pennyroyal Mint . 52, 82 Musk Erodium . -17,77 Pepper Wort 16 Musk-scented Monkey Flower 82 Perennial Daisy .. 5 72 Mustard, Wild .. - 9,14 Perennials, Eradication of 10 Myoporinex . - 50 Perfoliate Gypsophyll 79 Myoporwm deserti a 50 Periwinkle, Blue . . 91] Myrtacem : 8 +5 Greater 91 Nasturtium officinale ‘ 16 i Pink .. 91 Native Fuschia .. = 50 = Persicaria 85 »» Poplar .. : 56 Petty Spurge 27 »» Wild Parsnip 30 Phlox Family . 43 Natural Orders 92, 93 Phyllanthus Conami 56 Naturalized Aliens 67-91 es Gasstremi 5G a - Character of 68 ae lacunarius an BG i » Detailed list of .. 70 iv piscatorum 56 INDEX. 107 InpDEX—continued. PAGE PAGE Phyllanthus virosus 56 = Prickly Acacia : 1, 25 Physostigma ie 24 » Cactus .. - ne 28 Picris echioides .. 41, 85 >» Lettuce .. ve Ais 40 3> Aieractoides 41, 85 >» Lobelia .. a 80 Pigeon Grass 88 » Pear 28, 83 ‘5 tae 88 » Poppy 14, 72 Pigface .. 82 Primrose Family .. 43 Pig-root, Bermuda 88 Primulacew . 43 Pimelea Family .. 50 Princes’ Feather .. 54 Pimelealinifolia .. 50 ~=Proclaimed Plants 12, 14, 16, 18, +» pauciflora 50 21, ‘92, 26, > simplex ne 50 29° 32-38, Pimpernel “¥ 10, 43, 71 40-48, 51, Pincushion a 87 52, 54, 57- Pincushion Night “Shade 88 60, 62 Pink, Deptford 76 Prunella vulgaris «. a 2 a 51 » Family 19 Psoralea 86 » Star ix 86 = Pteris aquilina 66 Pitch Weed cs 40, 81 Purple Bugloss 77 Pitury ax hk 47 », Calandrinia 14 Plantaginacee .. ee 44. s»» Molinia z 82 Plantago Coronopus as .. 44, 85 Quaking Grass, Greater 73 5, lanceolata 44, 85 9 > Lesser j 713 » major .. 44,85 Quince .. ex 26 Plantain, Broad-leaved 44 Quitch Grass ? = 710 7 Family. . 44 Rabbits, Influence of, on sees es S Plum... ee 26 Radish, Wild 15, 16, 86 Poa, Alpine 8 Ragi .. ae 77 ,» Annual : 85 Ragwort 9, 41, 87 », Bulbous-rooted 85 Ramalina a 3 66 », Flattened 85 Rampant Fumitory 78 >, Meadow 85 Ranunculus arvensis 13 Poinsettia 55 a Celery-leaved . . 86 Poison Bush | 99, 23 muricatus 13 Poison Plants 1, 1, 14, 22, Ranunculacez : 12 23, 24, 29, 30, Rape... a ges 40, 41, 44,50, Raphanus Raphanistrum . 16, 86 56, 57, 65 Rattle, Yellow 50 ° » Definition of Il Reaper and Harvester, Influence of Polemoniacee .. oe 43 on weeds F 5 Polygonaceze 53 Red Ink Plant 84 Polygonum he te 53 Reed Canary Grass 84 36 aviculare te 5, 3, 85 Reflexed Amaranth é 71 3 Convolvulus 54, 85 Resedacer 5 “a 17 = Fagopyrum 53 Reseda Luteola .. 17, 86 Polypetale 12 Restharrow oe . 83 Pontederia crassipes 60 Rhamnus : ‘i 47 Pontederiacer.. . 60 Rheum .. ‘ 53 Poor Man’s Weather Glass. : 71 Rhinanthus- Crista-Galli ‘ es 50 Poppy, Common Red 14 Rhizomes, Destruction of .. : 10 » Garden a 13° Rhubarb Z 53 >» Horned .. . 14, 78 Ribwort, Plantain we . 44, 85 2 Long-headed ‘i 84 > larger .. i 85 » Prickly .. . 14, 72 Rice’ Millet 83 » Rough-headed 14 Ricinin .. 55 ‘ ,, Wild 84 Ricinus communis 55, 86 Yellow 14 Rigid Fescue . 78 Potato Family .. 44 Robin-run-over-the- Hedge 31 Potatoes, Influence on weeds 10 Rocket .. 5 - 15, 76 Poterium Sanguisorba 27, 85 >» Wild ia 17 Prairie Grass - ee 64, 73 Romulea Bulbocodium 58, 86 Pratia erecta a as as 30 » cruciate ia .. 58, 86 108 INDEX. Romulea longifolia +: rosea Roots, Penetration of Rosa rubiginosa Rosacez Rose... Rosemary ae ae Rose of Heaven .. ae Roubieva oe oe Rubiacez es Rubus fruticosus .. Rumex Acetosa » Acetosella .. » conglomeratus o erispus . », obtusifolius Runners, Destruction of Rush, Capitate Rushes .. Rush Lily, Yellow Rust-fungi F Rye Grass * 99 Italian “s Perennial Saftflower 8 Saffron Thistle .. » _ Supposed value of Sage, Meadow .. » Wild St. Barnaby’s Thistle Salad Burnet Salicornia Pe: an Salsify .. ae at Saltbush a ste » Family .. Salvia verbenacea Samphire, Common Sandalwood Family Sand Lyme Grass »» Mustard . 2 » Wort, Thyme-leaved Sanguisorba officinalis Santalaces. . Saponaria officinalis Saponaria Vaccaria Sarcostemna australe Satin-top Grass Scented Goosefoot » Vernal Grass Schanus apogon .. Scorpion Plant .. Scotch Heraldic Thistle Scour Weed Scrophularines Sea Poppy Sedges .. “vs Redve Family .. Seed, Germination of, after fires Seeds, Conditions favouring eae tion of » Germination value for » Regulations for sale of InpEx—continued. PAGE 58 _, 58, 86 9 25, 26, 96 Senebiera Coronopus » didyma Senecio, Cape » Jacobaea > Johnstoni oe » Poisonous species of ska Senna Setaria, Bearded . » Green .. » Smooth .. » Whorled.. Shepherd’s Needle i“ Purse , a Weather Glass" Sheep’s Burr Pe >» Fescue » sorrel » _ Weed Sherardia arvensis Shore Thistle Shrub Aster Silene Cucubalus » gallica » inflata Silky Apera Silt Grass 3 Sinapis arvensis .. Sisymbrium Columne re officinale Sisyr inchi' Ber dian 53 micranthum. .. Snail Clover Soap Wort fe 45 Bladder Soft Crowfoot .. »» Brome Grass Soliva, Stalkless .. Sonchus arvensis >» oleraceus Solanacex Solanin .. Solanum aviculare a5 TUM .. » sodomeum Sophora F Sorrel Sorrel Weed Sorghum Influence ‘of, on weeds South African Wood-sorrel Sow Thistle > Dispersal of, by wind Sparaxis grandiflora Spear Thistle Speedwell, Buxbaum’s a Procumbent Spergula arvensis .. Spinach ae Spiny Burweed .. » Hmex Spirogyra *. 10, 58 1217, 88 | 42, 89 ; 57, 89 | 36,7 1. 69, 72 INDEX. 109) InDEX—continued. PAGH PAGE Spotted Medick .. ae we 81 Thread Iris a ais es 83 » Thistle 36, 74 Thymelacez ee oe ss 50 Spraying, Use of, for weeds 12,15 Timothy Grass .. hi be 84 Spurge Family .. a6 es 55 «=Toad Flax es - i 49 » Lesser .. on ‘6 55 ag >» Hairy 80 Spurrey, Corn oe . 20, 89 Rush. ie 36 .. 61, 79 >» Five-stamened .. ie 89 Tobacco, Wild .. < we 83 Squirting: Cucumber es a8 77 Tomato. a se 44 Stachys -arvensis -. . s .. 52, 89 Toowoomba Canary Grass 2 84 7 Field a ae + 52 Topped Lavender + a 80 Stagger Weed... is ve 89 Trachymene australis oe Si 30 3 » Supposed poisonous Tragopogon porrifolius 3 .. 42, 89 action of .. sc 52 ‘Treacle Mustard .. sui 15, 16, 77 Star Thistle ite .. 1, 34, 37, 74 Tree Lucerne... aud a: 26 Stelaria media... de 20, 89 >», Mallow ss See te 19 Sticky Bartsia .. oe ae 72 » Tobacco i .. 45, 83 Stinking Goosefoot - 6 75° Trema amboinensis ates ee 56 » May Weed 32, 71 » «= aspera og es 2 56 Stinkweed, Californian. .. 43, 78 + cannabina oe 53 56 Stinkwort sts .. 9, 40, 69, 79 > ortentalis .. ce or 56 Stipa .. le 63 Trichonema as 58 St. John’s Wort 6, 9, 10, 17, 47, - Trifolium, Longevity of seeds of... 21 oy » Eradication of .. %» angustifolium 24, 89 Stock .. a By % arvense se . 24, 89 » Carrying capacity for . 2 35 incarnatum —. .. 24, 89 Stock roads, Influence of, on speed of Trixago Bartsia .. a a8 72 weeds os 3 Tumble Weed .. i oe 71 Stork’s Bill : 17, 77 Turnip, Wild a Si fae BAD Straw, Uses of Pe ee 6 Tutsan .. ie ‘is . 18, 79 Strawberry Clover es “a 90 Ulex europeus 24, 25, a Strychnine vs 3A ar 1 Unmbelliferz Strychnos os ei 1, 24 Urtica dioica ah 1 56, 30 Sueda .. a 29 54 s incisa ee ns a6 56 - Subterranean Clover Be oe 90 5 «= wrens 2x8 sv 56, 90 Sundew Family .. es ns 20 ~=Veldt Grass oe in = 77 Sun. Spurge ; 55, 77 Velvet Grass, Creeping ..- sie 79 Swainsona ae Pe es 24 Venus’s Comb... ise sys, 87 ” galegifolia 23,24 Veratrim bus aa ee 60 3 Greyana ofa ‘a 23. -«-~ Veratrum ae oe 60 Swamp Lotus os beg isa 13 Verbascum Blattaria “a we 50 Sweet Alyssum .. is os 71 Vernal Grass, Scented is es 71 » Briar a i 25, 26,86 Vervein, Cluster-flowered .. ie 91 Swine’s Cress or ef 16, 87 35 Veined .. a ae 91 >» Lesser s a 87 Vetch .. aa ss 25, 91 Taraxacum officinale 42, 89 » Narrow-leaved rr ea 91 Tare... eG é 25,91 Vetchling, Indian 33 ie 22 Taxus baccata .. ug ou 66 Vicia... A 3s ot 25 Templetonia egena re 2 24 Violet .. os or se 91 Thalamiflore a aye 12 Viper’s Bugloss .. ae a 51 Thistle, Californian 35, 69, ie Wall Barley i 3 ee 65 » Canadian nd », Flower ack = .. 14, 75 » Corn 3 sk as 3 » Mustard .. és ous 76 » Crisped 36, 74 » Speedwell .. ve wi 91 » Golden .. 2% = 87 Water Cress 16, 83 > Perennial ra a 74. » Grass 4 ae Slender .. a3 6 37 » Hyacinth . ‘ 60, 69, 77 Thistles . “4 .. 1, 9 Wattles, ‘Appearance of, after fires .. 4 55 Eradication of oe 33. Weed, Definition of a3 1 >, Fodder value of .. 1, 35 » Seeds, Influence of t manure on 6 » Keyto .. ; si 34 Weeds, Suppression of F 9, 10 Thistle rad Opposition to. as 10 Weld .. ie ifs 86 Thorn Apple -.. ve .. 46,76 Wheat Grass, Fibrous a sr 70 INDEX. On page 73, No. 62—-For inermus, read inermis. On page 76, No. 102-—For tectoriwm, read tectorum. On page 76, No. 104—For calendulacea, read calendul By Authority: J. Kemp, Government Printer, Melbourne. 1 @ fe) Inpex—continued. PAGE PAGE Willow .. acd 7 Wound Wort 89 .” Lettuce .. 40 Xanthiwm spinosum 42, 91 Wire Weed re 85 Yan Yean water weed 5 ‘Wobbles Disease .. 65 Yarrow .. 70 Wood Melica 82 Yew 2% ae 66 » Poa 85 Yorkshire Fog Grass 79 >» Bush 61 Yucca .. oe 60 » Sorrel ee a 36 17 Samia muricata .. 65 ” » South African .. 17, 88 Zygophyllum iodocarpum 14 Worm Seed ¥ ie it 75 ERRATA. peers : IE IVE eee a ET ee és By Ne niles eeedl “irate? Wate Suen ies pe mencer Naat GEE sani. set Piedancacanigh enna ee aermcercabsehtrer” on mmntndrncnagae ane argon tee Perrys Pr ciomeanio Laie Pies eats ee meee prpeitl Aa bevy jinancios rn = pieentalear npr ae eee nn Sean oe deny, Senha ate deevine tt a eRe veh HANA aon, o cael ae ANNI : sth ait ehcmaa Fae ees