i atalinlidale va re a Pay Niveigtelt (i a NAA Taapkaconne a asecity 3 Nias wees at ane ae ‘beat’ aespaitg MK aia Ci ee ees i athaie ral . sate be ek oad sit sini in ae “ee i us, ii us ( A a i oe 4 eS iar a oo te i a age ee es Lit ae it ip, Mie Lana hula a MCR vie ri i ald We ii ii Av ae Wie Lyi ind on ‘ oe : j ian Thais ; ) ; en i ne Seite he i fh t a SA eG VSR il Blaha ty 4 gta Ca Wiity a WAG v Aenean i? px i te ape Nai ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY NEw York STATE COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY VAIE DUE Ju + 9} 1978 Hest} ARY LOAN GAYLORD Cornell Universit Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www. archive.org/details/cu31924002904484 CATALOGUE OF MAMMALIA. INDIAN MUSEUM. PART I. CATALOGUE OF MAMMALIA IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA: BY JOHN ANDERSON, M.D., F.RS., SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM, AND PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY, MEDICAL COLLEGE, Part I. Primates, Prosimie, Chiroptera, and Insectivora. CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1881. CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING, 168, DHURRUMTOLLAH STREET, PREFACE. A CATALOGUE of the Mammalia in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, drawn up by the late Mr. Edward Blyth, was published by the Society in 1863. In 1865, the Museum of: the Asiatic Society practically became the property of the Government of India, although the legal transfer was not completed until 1876. The various departments of the Museum have very largely increased since 1863, many of them now being four-fold more extensive than they were seventeen years ago. It was, there« fore, recently resolved to issue a series of catalogues of the various departments of the Museum, with the object of making their contents known, and thus extending the useful- ness of the Institution. : Two instalments have already been published, viz, a Fasciculus of the Catalogue of the Mollusca, and the first pait of a Hand-List of the same group. The present volume. therefore, is the third of the series. It comprises, however, only the first four orders of the Mammalia, viz., Primates, Prosimia, Chiroptera, and IJnsecti- vora ; but catalogues of the remaining orders will be published as soon as possible, Some idea of the increase that has taken place in the vi PREFACE. collection of Mammalia since 1863 may be gained from the following table ; but in other groups the increase is even more marked :— Permates, ProsIMiz. CuinortTERa. | Inseorrvora. 1863. | 1881. | 1863. | 1881. | 1863. | 1881. | 1863. | 1881. Genera . .| 11] 17] 3! 7| 24| 27] as] a Species . .| 40| 73| 7] 14] 67| 118] 36] 52 Specimens. .| 162] 572] 22] 69] 215/1,116] 123 | 426 The Chiroptera in this catalogue, with a few exceptions, were identified by Mr. G. E. Dobson, who published a list of them in his Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera, issued by the Trustees of this Museum in 1876; and his arrangement of the group has been followed. A list of the donors to the sections dealt with in this part of the Catalogue will be found after this Preface. It includes, as far as possible, the names of all contributors before and since 1863. NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS MENTIONED IN THIS CATALOGUE. Abbott : Major J. Abbott. Abyssinian Expedition. Adelaide Museum. Allen : Mrs. R. Allen. Anderson : the late Mr. Andrew Anderson. Anderson: Dr, John Anderson, F.R.S. Apear: Mr. J. Apcar. Armstrong: Mr. J. Armstiong, M.B. Atkinson : the late Mr. W. S, Atkinson. Baker: Mr. E. B. Baker. Baker : the Reverend H. Baker. Baker : the Reverend J. Baker. Ball: Professor V. Ball. Barbe : the Reverend J. Barbe. Barclay : Mr. A. Barclay, B.M. Barrackpore Menagerie. Bartlett; Mr. A. D. Bartlett. Batavian Society. Beddome: Lieut.-Colonel R. H. Beddome. Bell: Mr. Bell. Benson : the late Mr. W. H. Benson. Berdmore : the late Major Berdmore. Berlin Museum. Bidie: Mr. G. Bidie. Blanford : Mr. H. F. Blanford, F.R.S. Blanford: Mr. W. T. Blanford, F.R.S. Blisset: Mr. T. Blisset. Blyth: the late Mr. Edward Blyth. Bourne: the late Lieutenant J. H. Bourne. Boys : Captain Boys. British Museum. Brooke: the late Sir James Brooke. Brownlow: My. C. Brownlow. vill NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS. Burdwan: the Maharajah of Burdwan. Butler: the late Captain J. Butler. Cadell : Lieut.-Colonel T. Cadell, V.C. Caldwell: Mr. J. Caldwell. Carllyle: Mr. A. C. Carllyle. Chennell : Mr. A. W. Chennell. Chowdry : Raja Pirtha Ram Chowdry. Cockburn: Mr. John Cockburn. Coles: the late Dr. W. Coles. Collins: Mr. B. Collins. Cornfoot: Captain Cornfoot. Davison: the late Mr. Davison. D’Cruz: Mr. R. D’Cruz. Dillon: Mr. Dillon. Dobson: Mr. G. E. Dobson, M.A., B.M. Egerton : Captain C. C. Egerton. Elliot : Sir Walter Elliot, K.C.S.L, F.R.S. Elwes: Mr. H. J. Elwes. Fayrer: Sir Joseph Fayrer, K.C.S.L, F.R.S. Foster: the late Mr. J. M. Foster. Fraser : Mr. O. L. Fraser. Frith : the late Mr. R. W. G. Frith. Gammie : Mr. J. Gammie. Ganslandt: Mr. W. Ganslandt. Godwin-Austen : Lieut..Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.RB.S. Gregory: Major Gregory. Grote: Mr. Arthur Grote. Gunn: Mr. J. 8. Gunn. Gurney: My, J. H. Gurney. Haughton : Lieut.-Colonel Haughton. Heatly: Mr. 8. G. T. Heatly. Helfer: the late Dr. Helfer. Hodgson : the late Mr. H. B, Hodgson, C.8.1. Homfray : Mr. J. Homfray. Hood : the late Captain T. H. Hood. Houghton: Mr. H. L. Houghton. Huffnagle: Mr. C. Huffnagle. Hungarian Museum, Hutchison : Mr. H. M. L. Hutchison. Hutton: the late Captain T, Hutton. - India Museum, London. NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS, Jenkins : Colonel Jenkins. Jerdon: the late Mr. T. C. Jerdon. Johnson: Mr. W. H. Johnson. Karachi Museum. Kelaart : the late Dr. E. F. Kelaart. King: Mr. George King, B.M. Laidlay : Mr. J. W. Laidlay. Layard: Mr. E. L. Layard. Lewis : Captain Lewis. Lindstedt : the late Reverend T. W. Lindstedt. Lister: Mr. J. M. Lister. Lockwood: Mr. E. Lockwood. Lydekker: Mr. R. Lydekker. Madras Government Central Museum. Malherbe : the late Mr. A. Malherbe. Mandelli : the late Mr, L. Mandelli. Masters: Mr. W. Masters. Mayo: the Countess of Mayo. McClelland : Mr. J. McClelland. Medical College Museum, Calcutta. Moxon: Mr. W. G. Moxon. ~ Mullick: Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, Murray: Mr. W. F. Murray. Murray: Captain W. G. Murray. Nevill: Mr. G. Nevill, Nevill: Mr. H. Nevill. Nicholls: Mr. W. Nicholls. Northbrook : Earl Northbrook. Oakes: Mr. Oakes. Payter : Mr. J. Payter. Peal: Mr. S. E. Peal. Persian Boundary Commission. Peters: Professor W. Peters, Berlin. Phayre: Sir Arthur P. Phayre, K.C.8.1I. Phillip : My. H. Phillip. Rahman: Moulvie Ator Rahman. Reilly: Mr. E. P. Reilly. ’ Riddell Museum, Agra. Riippell : the late Dr. E. Riippell, Rutledge: Mr. William Rutledge. St. John : Lieut,-Colonel O. B. C. St. John, C.S.I. ix NAMES OF CONTRIBUTORS. Sanders: Mr. E. Sanders, B.M. Sceva: Mr. G. Sceva. Shaw: Babu R. R. Shaw. ; Sherwill : the late Major W. S. Sherwill. Shillingford : Mr. G. W. Shillingford. Shillingford: Mr. S. W. Shillingford. Skipwith : the late Mr. T. Skipwith. Smoult: Mr. W. H. Smoult. Stewart: Mr. L. C. Stewart. Stoliczka: the late Dr. Ferdinand Stoliczka. Strickland : the late Mr. H. E. Strickland. Swaries: Mr. C. Swaries. Swinhoe: the late Mr. R. Swinhoe. Sydney Institution. Templeton : the late Mr. R. Templeton. Theobald : Mr. W. Theobald. Thwa‘tes: Mr. W. Thwaites, F.R.S. Tickell: the late Lieut.-Colonel R. 8, Tickell. Tytler: the late Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler. Whitwell: Mr. W. Whitwell. Wood-Mason: Mr. James: Wood-Mason. ‘Wroughton: the late Major Wroughton. Yarkand (Second) Mission. Yunnan Expeditions. Zoological Gardens, Calcutta. SYSTEMATIC INDEX, Paes, I.—Orprr PRIMATES. I.—Sub-Order Carareurnt. I.—Family Hominrpz. I.—Genus Homo, Linn. . wr od II.—Family Srmipz. I.—Sub-Family Simin, Genus Anthropopithecus— Anthropopitheeus troglodytes. 1 gorilla ~. 2 Genus Simia— Simia satyrus . . e 32 sy» abelii . ‘ 2 . 24 II.—Sub-Family Hyropatina. Genus Hylobates— Hylobates syndactylus . . 25 3 hoolook '. - 26 35 lar ‘ ‘ . 28 i agilis . . + BL : leuciscus ‘ . 83 _ leucogenys . . 384 IlI.—Family CercorirHecipz. I.—Sub-Family SemnorirHEcIn x. Genus Semnopithecus— Semnopithecus entellus . . 35 3 var. schistaceus 37 3 priamus . 388 $5 hypoleucus . 40 33 pileatus . . 40 4 cephalopterus 43 si var. ursinus . 44 33 var. sener . 45 Semnopithecus johnii . » 45 93 obscurus - 46 55 maurus . . AT 5 barbei . 48 ” phayrei. . 49 as holotephreus. 50 39 cristatus . 60 we siamensis . 651 35 femoralis . 652 melalophus . 53 Sub.Genus Nasalis— Semnopithecus larvatus . 54 Genus Colobus— Colobus guereza . ‘ . 65 II.—Sub-Family CercoritHucinz. Genus Cercopithecus Cercopithecus pygerythrus . 55 55 sabeus . . 66 a albogularis . 57 mona . - 57 » leucampyx . 58 sy ruber e . 58 ” petaurista . 58 diana. - 59 Genus Cercocebus— Cercocebus fuliginosus . - 59 Genus Macacus— Macacus sinicus . F - 59 » Pileatus . 2 - 61 » cynomolgus - 61 » var. carbonarius . 64 » Silenus , ‘ - 6 » Yhesus . - 6 » assamensis >> leoninus & a Ht >» nemestrinus . . 72 »» arctoides. . « 74 >» maarous . . 76 ooreatus. ww 7 Genus Cynopithecus— Cynopithecus niger 78 xii INDEX. Paag. III.—Sub-Family CrnocEPHatinz. Genus Cynocephalus— Cynocephalus hamadryas . 80 Se doguera = . Sl 5 porcarius 5 OL FF maimon . . 82 II.—Sub-Order Phatygruint. I.—Family Crpipz. Genus Mycetes— Mycetes ursinus . 6 . 82 » seniculus. : . 82 » palliatus. i . 88 Genus Ateles— Ateles ater . ‘ . 83 o» pamiscus . ‘ « 83> geoffroyi . % . 83 » chuva, : » 7. 84 Genus Cebus— Cebus flavus. - : . 84 » capucinus . ¥ » 85 » hypoleucus . ‘ . 85 Genus Nyctipithecus— Nyctipithecus felinus . . 85 Genus Pithecia— Pithecia nocturna . : . 86 is satanas . F . 86 Genus Chrysothrix— Chysothrix sciurea : . 86 IIL.—Family Hapatipz. Genus Hapale— Hapale jacchus . ‘ . 87 » penicillata. : . 88 » pygmea . ‘ . 88 » Yosalia . . 88 » cdipus . . - 88 » leucopus . : - 89 » ursula, 3 - 89 IL—Orprr PROSIMIA. I—Family Lemvripz. I.—Sub-Family Lemvrinz. Genus Lemur— Lemur catta. ° . 90 Page, Lemur varius : é . 91 >» macaco ., . . 91 » albifrons . A . 92 » collaris . P . 92 » Nnigrifrons . 3 . 92 » Mmongoz . : - 93 II.—Sub-Family Inpgisinz. Genus Propithecus— Propithecus diadema . » 93 Genus Indris— Indris brevicaudatus . » 94 I.—Family Nycricepipz. I—Sub-Family Nycticesinz. Genus Nycticebus— Nycticebus tardigradus . - 94 a var. Cinerea . 95 oy var. malaiana . 95 var. javanica . 9% Genus Loris— Loris gracilis ie one OF II.—Sub-Family Gataconinz. Genus Galago— Galago senegalensis . - 98 % garnetti . P . 98 Iil.—Family Tarsirpz. I.—Sub-Family Tazsinz. Genus Tarsius— Tarsius spectrum , 2 - 99 III.—Orprr CHIROPTERA. I.—Sub-Order MegacHrRoprera. I.—Family Preropopipz, I.-—Group Prerort. Genus Pteropus— Pteropus poliocephalus . . 99 6 redricensis . . 100 55 edulis. > - 100 sa medius . é . 101 a var, assamensis . 102 - INDEX, xili Paa@u. Paas. Pteropus nicobaricugs . . 102 Phyllorhina diadema - 115 7 keraudrenii . . 103 #3 var. masont - 115 Genus Cynonycteris— a's nicobarensis - 115 Cynonycteris amplexicaudata. 1038 % galerita . . 116 55 minor. . 104 3 speoris . 116 33 collaris . 104 5 larvata . 117 Genus Cynopterus— i. bicolor 117 Cynopterus marginatus . 104 3 var. fulva. . 118 5 scherzeri . . 106 5 var. amboinensis. 119 Fr brachysoma . 106 Genus Ceelops, Blyth—. II.—Group Macroatossi. Genus Eonycteris— - Eonycteris spelea . ‘i . 106 Genus Macroglossus— Macroglossus minimus . . 107 II.—Sub-Order Microcu1RoPrEra. _ L—Family Rainotopuipz. I.—Sub-Family RainoLopHina, Genus Rhinolophus— Rhinolophus celophyllus . 107 + luctus. . 107 3 trifoliatus . 108 ‘9 mitratus . . 108 % euryotis . . 108 i pearsonil . . 109 * macrotis . . 109 3 affinis . . 109 ie andamanensis . 110 - petersii . 110 55 minor . . 110 es garoensis . . 110 ao euryale . . 111 9 hipposideros. , 111 aa ferrum-equinum 111 59 capensis « . 112 s Ps « li® Bs Pa - 112 Il.—Sub-Family PHyLiorwinine. Geaus Trienops— _ ‘Trigenops persicus Genus Phyllorhina— Phyllorhina tridens =. . 113 . 112 a var. murraiana. 113 0 tricuspidata 2 113 55 stoliczkana . 114 8 artnigera 114, ” Teptophylla —-.:114 Coelops frithii - 119 II.—Family Nycreripz, I.—Sub-Family MraapERMaTinz, Genus Megaderma— Sub-Genus Lyroderma— Megaderma lyra 35 spasma . . 120 . 121 II.—Sub-Family Nycrerinz. Genus Nycteris— Nycteris javanica » thebaica. . 122 - 122 Til.—Family VesPertrLionipa. I.—Group PLecott, Genus Nyctophilus— Nyctophilus timoriensis . 122 Genus Synotus— Synotus dargelingensis . 123 Genus Plecotus— Plecotus auritus . 3 . 123 II.—-Group VESPERTILIONES. Genus Vesperugo— Sub-Ge:us Vesperus— Vesperugo serotinus 124 andersoni . 124 ss nasutus . 125 Fe atratus is 125 i discolor é 125 2 pachyotis . 126 5 pachypus 126 Sub-Genus Vesperugo— . noctula « ,« 126 A leisleri . : . 127 34 imbricatus . . 127 1 maurus . . 127 a affinis . é 128 se pipistrellus . 128 xiv ‘Paae Vesperugo abramus . 129 a kuhlii. =. =). 181 annectens . 132 Sub-Genus Hesperopterus— Vesperugo tickelli 3 . 132 blanfordi . . 183 Genus Chalinolobus— Chalinolobus gouldii . 133 Genus Scotophilus— Sub-Genus Scotophilus— Scotophilus temminckii. - 133 ri var-heathii . 5 Sub-Genus Scoteinus— Scotophilus emarginatus . 136 4 pallidus. . 137 Sub-Geaus Scotomanus— Scotophilus ornatus . 187 Genus Nycticejus— Nycticejus crespuscularis . 188 Genus Haipiocephalus— Harpiocephalus suillus . . 138 “ -harpia . . 138 $9 cyclotis . 139 Genus Vespertilio— ~ Sub-Genus Leuconoé— Vespertilio hasseltii . » 139 er adversus « BO 95 longipes ‘ - 139 5 dasycneme . . 140 daubentonii . 140 Sub.Genus Vespertilio— Vespertilio nipalensis . 140 iw emarginatus . 140 oe var. desertorum . 141 me nattereri . . 141 35 murinus . 141 as murinoides . . 141 ie formosus . . 142 35 montivagus . . 142 33 muricola . 142 os dobsoni . 143 mystacinus . . 144 Genus Kerivoula— Kerivoula picta . 7 . 144 5 hardwickii . . 145 9 lanosa . » 145 IT.—Group Mrytorrekrti. Genus Miniopterus— Miniopterus schreibersii. . 145 5 var. a. é . 146 IV.—Family EmBaLLonvgipz. INDEX, Paau, I—Sub-Family EmpatLonuging, I.—Group EMBALLONURE. Genus Taphozous— Sub-Genus Taphozous— Taphozous melanopogon 146 5 theobaldi . 147 6 longimanus . 147 35 nudiventris 148 var. kachhensis ; Sub- Genus Taphonycteris— Taphozous perforatus 148 3s saccoleamus . 149 eo affinis . . 149 II.—Group Rurnopomata. Genus Rhinopoma— Rhinopoma microphylluam . 149 II.—Sub-Family Monossinz, I.—Group Motosst. Genus Cheiromeles— Cheiromeles torquatus . - 150 Genus Nyctinomus— Sub-Genus Nyctinomus— Nyctinomus cestonii . 150 3 tragatus . 150 5 plicatus . . 151 i ee . 151 raziliensis . 161 VI.—Family Poytiostomipm. I—Sub-Family Paytiostominz. I.—Group STENODERMATA. Genus Artibeus— Sub-Genus Artibeus— Artibeua perspicillatus . . 152 IV.—Ozrprz INSECTIVORA. I.—Family GaLEorirHEcipz. Genus Galeopithecus— Galeopithecus volans . . 152 II.—Family Toparpz. I.—Sub-Family- Tupaunz, Genus Tupaia— Tapaia ellioti . . 153 INDEX. xv ; Paaa. Tupaia belangeri . . 154 33 chinensis . . . 155 » ferruginea. j . 156 » Malaccana. 3 . 156 » tana ‘i ‘ - 156 » _Dicobarica. ‘ . 157 II.—Sub-Family Hytomyin a. Genus Hylomys— Hylomys peguensis « 157 III.—Family Errwacerpa. I.—Sub-Family Gymnuginz. . Genus Gymnura— Gymuura rafilesii i var. candida . . 158 . 158 II.—Sub-Family Ezinackina, - Genus Erinaceus— Erinaceus europeus ss. . 158 a micropus . 159 33) pictus . . 159 5 grayi . ; . 160 a auritus. F . 162 - megalotis . 163 35 macracanthus . 164 3 jerdoni . 165 IV.—Family Centeripz. Genus Ericulus— Ericulus setosus . . . 166 Genus Centetes— Centetes ecaudatus % . 166 Genus Hemicentetes— Hemicentetes madagascariensis166 V.—Family CHRYsocHLoRIDZ. Genus Chrysochloris— Chrysochloris rutilans . is damarensis - 167 . 167 VI.—Family Tatrrpz. Genus Rhinaster— Rhinaster cristatus 5 - 167 Paas. Genus Talpa— Talpa europea. - 168 » Micrura . . . 168 » leucura P ; . 170 VII.—Family Sortcrpz. I—Sub-Family AnvRrosoRicinz. Genus Anurosores— Anurosorex assamensis . . 171 II.—Sub-Family Crocipvurinz. Genus Crocidura= Sub-Genus Pachyura— ; Crocidura cerulescens . . 171 " var. fulvocinerea . 178 55 var. sindensis .179 i beddomii. . 179 5 murina. ° 180 5 swinhoei 5 . 184 3 bidiana ‘ . 185 es macrotis . 186 35 perrottetii . . 188 35 travancorensis . 189 ne rubicunda . 190 ei subfulva : . 192 montana F . 193 Sub-Genus Crocidura— Crocidura pygmeoides . . 194 3 rubricosa . 196 . fuliginosa- . . 197 ss retusa " . 199 se kelaarti ‘i es myoides : . 200 IJI.—Sub-Family Sorrornz. Genus Sorex— Sorex alpinus : ‘ - 201 », vulgaris 5 . . 201 » pygmeus . A . 201 Genus Soriculus— Soriculus nigrescens 204 3 caudatus 206 Genus Crossopus— Crossopus fodiens . 207 IV.—Sub-Family Crossopinz. Genus Chimarrogale— Chimarrogale himalaica . 208 MAMMALIA. I.—Orper PRIMATES. I.—Sus-Orper CATARRHINI. I.—Famity HOMINIDA. IL—Genus HOMO, Linn., 1766. II.—Famity SIMIIDZ. I.—Svus-Famity SIMIINA., Genus ANTHROPOPITHECUS, Blainville, 1839. 1. Anthropopithecus troglodytes. Simia troglodytes, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., vol. i, 1788, p. 26. Troglodytes niger, Geoff, Ann. du Mus., t. xix, 1812, p. 87. Simia pan, Donovan, Naturalist’s Repos., no. 19, 1823-27. Troglodytes leucoprymnus, Lesson, Iilust. Zool., pl. 212, 1831. Anthropopithecus troglodytes, Blainville, Legons Orales, 1839. Satyrus lagaros, Mayer, Wiegm. Arch., 1856, p. 282. Troglodytes calvus, Du Chaillu, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. viis. 1861, p. 296. Troglodytes kooloo-kamba, Du Chaillu, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. vii, 1861, p. 358. Troglodytes tschego, Duvernoy, Arch. du Mus., t. viii, 1861, p. 15. Troglodytes vellerosus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 181. Mimetes troglodytes, Gray, Cat. Monkeys ¢& Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 6. The Chimpanzee. Hab. West Africa. la. A stuffed specimen of a young male, probably about 18 months old, No. 2A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. 2 MAMMALIA. 6. A natural skeleton of a young individual. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1864. ce. An adolescent male in alcohol. By exchange with British Museum, 14th June 1877. 2, Anthropopithecus gorilla. Troglodytes gorilla, Savage, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., vol. v, 1847, p. 417, pls. xl-xliii. Troglodytes savagei, Owen, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1848, p.29. Gorilla gina, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Arch. du Mus., t. viii, 1855-56, pp. 1 ef seq. The Gorilla. Hab. Gaboon, West Africa, 2a. A cast of the skull of an adult male. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., May 1864. 6, A cast of the skull of an adult female. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., May 1864. e. A cast of the skull of a young female. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., May 1864, Genus SIMIA, Cuv. & Geoff., 1795. 3. Simia satyrus. Borneosche orang-outang or pongo, Wurmb. Verhandl., Batav. Genoot- schap, d. ii, 1786, p. 245. Singe de Wurmb, Audebert, Singes et Makis., Fam. I, 1797, p. 18, Tab. Anat., fig. 3. : Simia satyrus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 34. Papio wurmbii, Latr., Singes Fam. I, 180], p. 196. Pithecus satyrus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus., t. xix, 1812, p- 88, partim. Simia wurmbii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 32, partim. Simia morio, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. ii, 1841, p. 168, pls. 33 & 34, 92 skull; Blyth, Journ. As. Soe. Beng., vol. xxii, 1853, p. 371, pls. vii & viii, 2 skull. Pithecus brookei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., vol. xxii, 1853, p. 375. Pithecus owenii, Blyth, op. cit., p. 375. Pithecus curtus, Blyth, op. cit., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 527. The Orang-outang of Borneo. ‘Hab. Borneo. 3a. A stuffed adult male,! its skull, and the bones of its trunk. The bare cheeks are enormously outwardly enlarged, 1 This specimen was received at the Museum immediately after death (during. my absence from India), but it is to be regretted that no observations or SIMIA. 3 the skin of the face and of the great bare area on the guttural sacks being livid black. The skin of the face is sparsely covered with short red hairs, and the forehead also is almost naked. The sides of the upper lip and the chin are clad with long bright maroon-red hairs. The hair on the middle of the head, immediately behind the fore- head, is rather short, while that over the temporal and parie- tal regions is long and directed forwards. On the rest of the head the hair is dark maroon-black, this colour also extending round the sides of the neck and on to the throat. Between the shoulders the colour is more rufous, whilst down the back it is almost as dark as the head, the sides being also maroon-red, as well as the shoulders, the arms being almost red, and thus paler than every other part of the body. The lower portions of the thorax and the abdomen are dark maroon-red. The legs are almost as pale as the arms. The hair on the body generally and on the limbs is very long, measuring as much as 13 to 14 inches. The skull has a well-developed sagittal and lambdoidal ridge, and the orbital ridges are also well marked, and the malo-maxillary area is broad. The facial portion slopes well forwards, also the interorbital area, in which the nasals are tolerably well developed. The orbits are large and more or less rounded. The canines are large, and their ridges very prominent. The dentition is complete, and the molars are large, and also the front upper incisors, which, however, are much ground down. The palate is oblong and deep. The lower jaw is very powerful and heavy, and the canines are large. The right tooth, however, is broken across, but its root is so long that it is visible on the lower aspect of the symphysis. This Orang, as stated by its donor, Mr. Rutledge, arrived at Singapore in a native craft from Borneo, along with some other Orangs. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8th November 1880. ; 6. A flat skin and skull of a young male. This specimen in life had the cheek swellings partially developed. The hair on the head is much the same as in the previous male as regards colour and distribution, but is somewhat shorter. The skin of the face is sparsely covered with short red hairs, measurements were reeorded, beyond that the huge face measured nearly 14 inches across. The skeleton, with the bones of trunk and of the hind limbs, still ligamentary, measures 4 feet 4 inch from the vertex to the under surface of the os calcis in a straight line, although the thoracic portion of the vertebral column is much curved, 4 MAMMALIA. but the red moustache and beard are only beginning to show. The general distribution of colour is much the same as in the previous animal, with the exception of the arms, which are dark maroon-brown; and the hair about the nates and on the sides is more rufous than in the preceding animal. The following are some of the measurements of this individual :— in. Heel to vertex . a ‘ : : - 36°25 Stretch of arms to middle finger . - « 64°50 Head of femur to heel . ‘ ae ~ 14°75 The skull measures 6”95 from the occiput to the anterior border of the premaxillary, with a width across the zygoma of 4°75, and a maximum parietal width of 47-12. The milk canines and incisors are still present, but the front upper incisors can be seen in their sockets to be very broad and large teeth, the two permanent molars that are through being also very large. There is as yet no trace whatever of a sagittal ridge, and the temporal ridges from the orbits are still 3 inches apart on the vertex. The orbits are moderately large and rounded, and the interorbital area is nearly vertical, the nasals being smal]. The muzzle is broad and directed forwards, almost at right angles to the interorbital surface. The symphysis of the lower jaw is deep. The front lower incisors are through and serrated, and the penultimate molar is ap- pearing through the alveolus. Purchased, 28th July 1879. e. A young male in alcohol and its skull. In life it present- ed distinct indications of cheek swellings, although it had only its milk teeth. The general colour was dark maroon. It was a heavily-built animal, with shorter fingers than the generality of Orangs of its age. The following were its measurements :— ft. in. Height, erect,—heel to vertex a . 2 1:50 Outstretched arms x a - 3 420 $ legs. F F . 4 . 2 775 Head of humerus to tip of middle finger . 1 6:00 Length of middle finger . . : ‘ 5 . O 2°40 » of hind extremity to tip of middle toe . 1 2-75 » of middle toe . . ‘ i A - 0 197 >» of hand - O 550 » of foot. ‘ . . 6 P . O 650 Vent to vertex . - < % ‘ - - 1 550 Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 2nd June 1877. This specimen in the colour of its hair more resembled the form SIMIA.». 5 which appears not to have cheek swellings, but in its squat, powerful build and short fingers it was evidently not that race, d. The skin and skull. of an adolescent male. This speci- men is nearly uniformly coloured dark maroon, darkest. on the head and ferruginous on the back of the thighs, mou- stache and beard. The hair is long, with the exception of that on the middle of the head, but the direction of the hair on this region and external to it is the same as in the adult animal first described. The moustache and beard are only partially de- veloped. The face is sparsely covered with short red hairs. The cheeks did not present any trace of swellings. The milk canines are still present, and there is no trace ex- ternally of the permanent teeth. The front pair of the upper permanent incisors are fully through, and the outer incisor of the right side is also present, but its fellow of the opposite side is only appearing. The penultimate molar had been in full functional activity. The front incisors are very broad and the molars are very large. The palate is long, broad, and deep. The orbits are small and round, but flattened above, and the interorbital area slopes slightly forwards, and the maxille are much forwardly directed. From the upper margin of the nasals to the anterior border of the foramen magnum is 4:05, and from the latter point to the anterior margin of the premaxille measures 5’°66. As yet there is no sagittal ridge, the ridges being only feeble raised lines, separ- ated. from each other by more than two inches. This character, however, in a male Orang skull is only an indication of youth, whereas it is a characteristic feature of the more delicately formed female skul!. The skull presents a depression near the upper border of the left parietal, and another on the right orbit, but similar depressions of this nature are better illus- trated in one of the succeeding adult skulls. Presented by the Zoological Gardetis, Caleutta, 29th April 1880. e. A stuffed nearly adult female with its skull and hyoid bone, and the uterus in aleohol. The hair is long and dark maroon, approaching to blackish on the body generally, but on: the back of the thighs it is a pallid ferruginous. The hair on the head is long and directed forwards, longest in the temporal region, and the face is sparsely covered witb short hairs. The moustache is only very feebly indicated, and also the beard. This animal lived for about one year and a balf in the Zoological Gardens,. Calcutta, and at its death it measured 3 feet 8°50 inches from its heel to the vertex, and the stretch of its arms was 6 feet 4 inches. The skull has very much the same form as in the preceding male. The skulls so closely resemble each 6 MAMMALIA. other that the specific identity of the two animals seems highly probable. This female skull has the same large upper front incisors, but its first and second molars are smaller than in the foregoing male, but the two palates have much the same form. The last molars of this female are through the alveolus, but not yet on a level with the other molars. The orbits are larger than in the foregoing male, and are slightly forwardly oval, The interorbital area has much the same slope as in the preced- ing male skull, and the facial portion about the same forward direction. From the upper margin of the nasals to the inferior border of the foramen magnum measures 3°70 inches, and from the latter point to the tip of the premaxilla is 5-30 inches. The temporal ridges are far apart. In the lower jaw there is the peculiarity of the complete absence of the last molar on the left side. The hyoid: on the basihyal end of the right thyrohyal there is a large hook-shaped process, which in the other basihyal assumes the form of a bullate hooked pointed epiphysis. It is in no way connected with the basihyal, and when the right thyrohyal is viewed from below this hook-shaped body appears only as a backwardly and upwardly projecting process, whereas on the left side it appears asan epiphysis; viewed from above, the basihyal end of the right thyrohyal is seen to have been composed of the hook-shaped process described, and an inter- mediary portion amalgamated on the under surface; on the left side the same structure is observed. It would thus appear that there are cerato and epiphyals so approximated in their position on the basihyal as to amalgamate with the thyrohyal; on the same stand with this is exhibited the partially ossified thyroid cartilage. Presented by the Zoologi- cal Gardens, Calcutta, 8th April 1879. J. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adolescent male. This animal in external appearance is com- parable with d,as the hair in colour and distribution is the same, the skin of the face of d being only a little more hairy. This latter character, however, can be explained: the animal died in the month of December, the second cold season it had lived in Calcutta, and it is probable that the increased amount of hair on the face was due to climate. Although there is such a close resemblance externally — between the animals, the skulls are remarkably different. This skull has large upper incisors, but smaller than those of d, as are also its molars. The orbits are much lareer and more open, and without any flattening above ; the interorbital area is longer, and not so forwardly sloped, and the muzzle is not SIMIA. 7 so broad, these differences being probably due to the effects of confinement, as the previous specimen d was only a few months in captivity before it died, whereas this animal was nearly three years in confinement and at a period when its teeth would have doubtless attained a greater development had it been in a state of nature.1 The brain case, althcugh not so high as in it, is fuller and broader. The last molar is not visible, and the outer upper incisors and the canines, above and below, are only coming through. The parietal ridges are mere lines, far apart. From the upper margin of the nasal to the anterior border of the foramen magnum measures 3-55, and the length from the incisor border of the premaxillaries to the foramen magnum is 57°10, Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 23rd Decem- ber 1879. g- The skin and skull of an adolescent female. Dark maroon, darkest on the head and arms, ferruginous on the back of the thighs. The hair is long, and directed forwards on the head, as in the previous examples, which it closely resembles. The skull is like that of e, but the muzzle is not so forwardly projected. From the upper end of the nasal to the foramen magnum is 3”°70, and from the latter to the front of the premaxillary measures 5”°40. The temporal ridges are far apart. The incisors are large, but not quite so large as in that skull. The permanent upper incisors are appearing, and the last molar is visible through a small opening in the alveolus. The molars are not quite so large as in e. The atlas is firmly anchylosed to the skull at the condyles on both sides, and on the left side the bone is amalgamated with the skull at the condyle and along nearly one-half of the 1 This animal, after living in the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, for about 18 months, was suddenly deprived, by death, of the female (e), who had been his constant but distanc companion during that period. Her death affected him much, as it did also the young female who had been reared by her, and who was believed to be her child. ‘The male appeared to pine and used to sit outside, on the top of the large house in which they were kept, looking in the direction in which the dead body of his companion had been carried away. During the day he could not be induced to go into his house for shelter. from the blazing sun. The result was, that one very hot day, in the end of April, he came down from his look-out in a dazed condition, apparently blind and staggering. He neverrallied, and at last he became paralysed and died 7 months afterwards, The young female, when her supposed parent, but if not so, tender foster- mother, was carried away dead, exhibited all the signs of deep grief, emitting a wailing sound, but no tears, attempting to follow the body, and, when driven back, crying and rolling on the ground in a-paroxysm of grief. 8 MAMMALIA. basi-occipital, the foramen for the front pair of nerves being almost wholly obliterated on that side, whereas two large fora- mina occur on the anterior and external aspect at the front, where the atlas has coalesced with the condyle at the skull. The mamme and teats of this animal were greatly enlarged, and it was stated that she had given birth to a young one on the voyage up to Calcutta from Singapore. Mr. Fraser, who _ examined this Orang at its death, has recorded in the Museum. Register that she had distinct indications of cheek swellings. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 10th August 1880. h. A stuffed adult female, its skull and the bones of its trunk. This female exactly resembled the female e in its dark maroon, almost blackish long hair, directed forwards on. the head. The face, like the foregoing, was blackish in life, and the eyes were small and brown, and no white sclerotic was visible. It was received in Calcutta, nursing a very young animal, said to have been its own child, and which is separately described. The orbits are large and erectly oval. The interorbital area slopes forwards, as in the previous skulls, but the nasal area 3 is not nearly so depressed as in them, and the muzzle is longer. From the upper end of the nasals, to the anterior border of the foramen magnum, is 3”°50, and from the latter to the tip of the maxillary, measures 5”°20. No temporal ridges, beyond a faint line on each side, indicating the attachment of the muscle and posteriorly converging on the parietals to within 0735 of each other. The front upper incisors are much smaller than in the foregoing skull, and the molars are also less, and the palate is deeper. In the lower jaw there is a well-developed supernumerary molar on each side. This individual had doubtless spent all its days in a wild state, dying shortly after its capture. Presented by W Rutledge, Esq., 7th April 1877. ?. The flat skin and skeleton of the young of the previous individual. The hair on the body was sparse and bright ferru- ginous; dark maroon on the head, and long and directed forwards. This animal had cut only its first incisors and first bicuspids in the upper jaw. The fontanelle is closed, but the remains of the almost obliterated suture form a permanent raised line. This young animal died the same day as its mother. Present- ed by W. Rutledge, Esq., 7th April 1877. yj. The skin and skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female like the preceding adult, but with somewhat shorter hair. The skull has all its teeth, but it is much smaller than SIMIA, 9 e,g, and 2, Its incisors are very much smaller than those of either e or g, but the incisors of 2 are so much ground down that their original dimensions can only be guessed at, but they appear to have been about the size of those of this specimen. The muzzle, however, of 4 is very much larger than the muzzle of this skull and measures 2”°50 across, while this muzzle is only 2”-11 and very much shorter. The muzzle of ¢ is 2”50, while that of g, in which the canines are only partially through, "is as much as 2”-40. The orbits of this specimen resemble those of g, but differ greatly in appearance from the vertically elon- gated orbits of 4, which are 1”-85 in vertical height as compared with 17-50 in this individual. These few details suffice to show how great is the individual variation among the skulls of Orangs, the animals of which were apparently identical in life. There is a well-marked indentation on the left half of the parietal, and a long rugosity on the temporal ridge of that side. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd March 1879. k. A stuffed female: general colour as in the previous females; wiz., dark maroon, but with short and somewhat sparse hair, probably due to the effects of confinement. Pre- sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 12th January 1870. “. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male, dark maroon like the preceding animals. Although this Orang had cut only its first molar teeth below and above, its skull is as long as the female skull y, which conveys some idea of the great difference in size between the sexes. The general appearance of a male skull at this period is that of a female, there being no muscular ridges developed beyond the feeble temporal ridges, which are far apart. The orbits of this skull are large and obliquely placed ovals. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd March 1879. m, A young male, in alcohol, with no trace of cheek excres- cences, a rather large head, with a broad and deep muzzle, and with short and rather sparse hair. The hair short on the head, and deep maroon throughout. Presented by W. Rut- ledge, Esq., 20th March 1879. n, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male, General colour maroon, passing into bright ferruginous on the back, and still lighter on the back of the thighs, and darkest on the head and arms. The hair is long and distributed in the same way as in the foregoing animals, from which this individual differs only in its brighter colour, paler face, and fleshy colour around the eyes and about the mouth. This colouration of the face has distinguished, more or less, all the young Orangs that have passed under my observation,—they 10 MAMMALIA. exceed one hundred in number,—but as age advances the colour becomes darker, and the pale hue is entirely lost. The first molar is through in both jaws, and it is large; and the other two are visible behind it. No ridges have formed. Extreme length of skull, occiput to front of premaxillaries, 7°05. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., Ist March 1876. o. A young stuffed male like previous specimen: described by Mr. Blyth in a footnote! as No. 5, but not entered in his Catalogue. No history. p. Ayoung stuffed male like the preceding specimen, No. 4B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1859. q. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male like the pre- ceding specimens. Total length of the skull 6’-95; same age of dentition as in the last individual. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 26th June 1875. rv. The skull, and skin of the head, of a young male. The skin of the head has been kept on account of the great length of thehair, Theskull resembles the last skull, but the orbits are smaller and more rounded. ‘The first and second molars are through, and the first upper incisor of the left side is nearly fully displayed, while the adjoining teeth are partially through. This skull in its dentition is of the same age as the skull of the dark-coloured male (¢) with very large front upper incisors, but the total length of this skull is only 6”-73, as compared with 77-60 in the skull d. Its breadth also is very much less, as it measures across the zygoma only 4750 to 4°98 in d. The great differences that exist between the dimensions of these skulls are also shown in the length of the palate, which is 27-95 long in d, and only 2:50 in this skull. This animal was smaller in every way than the male d, and, like it, had no cheek swellings. This small Orang, however, cannot well be the Mias hassir, for one of the characters of that supposed species is its large incisors and molars, a distinctive feature of the larger of these two Orangs, viz., of No. 3 d, and it is not probable that three species of Orang exist. Iam, therefore, disposed to regard these differences only as individual, and there can be no doubt that they are very great, but not greater than the differences in dimensions of skull, and in the size of teeth, that exist among individuals of the various races of men. The next skull reveals also even greater differences of dimensions than in the case under consideration. Pre- sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., lst June 1880. 1 Journ. As, Soc., Vol. XXII, p, 378, No. 5. SIMIA. ll s. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male of exactly the same external characters as the two previous animals, but with the skull very different from m. It has high oval orbits, but little concavity in the nasal region, whereas in the skull of m there is considerable concavity, and the orbits are more rounded, and the interorbital region more vertical than in this skull, which is also not nearly so full and rounded as in the parietal region. Although they are of the same age as regards their teeth, the skull measures only 6-77, whereas m is 705. The first molar is also considerably larger than the corresponding teeth of m. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th May 1877. t. A stuffed young female, No.’ 4C of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. ‘a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male, exactly like mando. Milk dentition, but with the first molar through. Total length of skull 6’25. Molars large. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd December 1878. v. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male. The hair in its colour and distribution is the same as in the preceding individuals. The total length of the skull is 6’:20. The first and second molars are already through, but the latter only partially, and the upper permanent front incisors are also present. They are 0’°59, broad, but not so large as the in- cisors of the male d. The molars are not so large as those of 0, whereas its incisors are a little broader than the incisors of o, and, as in it, are much serrated. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., lst June 1880. w. The skin, skull, and bones of a young male, First mo- lar through. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th May 1877. ; a, The flat skin and skeleton of a young male of the same character as the preceding young specimens. Milk dentition. Purchased, 20th October 1875. y. The flat skin and skeleton of a young male, the same as in the foregoing individual. Milk dentition. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th November 1880. _ z. A stuffed young male like the preceding example. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd February 1874. aa. A stuffed young male resembling the foregoing. Pre- sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 7th September 1870. ob. The skin and skeleton of an adult female, Nos. 4 D and E of Blyth’s Catalogue, exactly like the foregoing male m. This animal, which had lived 12 years in con- finement, was described by Blyth as a new species, P. 12 MAMMALIA. owenit,t but in his Catalogue,? published afterwards, he regarded it as 8. morio, but it has small front incisors. Moreover, the skull has not the form of the female skull of ferine Orangs, and Iam disposed to regard its shape as abnormal, and the effects of a life of captivity. Presented by J. Apcar, Esq., 1546. ce. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female, having long dark maroon hair on the head, belly and limbs, and bright ferruginous on the sides, back, and hinder aspect of the thighs. The face dusky brown, with a pale area around the eyes and mouth : the same as the preceding female in the colour and length of its hair, and agreeing in all its details with the male m. The first molar is through, one upper incisor (left) and the two lower incisors, the latter being especially strongly serrated, there being one mesial eminence to the serrated edge, with two smaller ones on either side of it, The skull measures 6’-45. Presented by W. Rutledge,. Esq., 17th January 1876. dd, The flat skin and skeleton of a young female, with ex- ternal characters similar to the foregoing females. Skull 6-17 long. First molar through. Purchased, i8th February 1879, | ee. The flat skin and skull of a young female; the exter- nal characters the same as the preceding; skull 5”°38 long. First molar through. Purchased, 3rd January 1870. . Jf. The flat skin and skeleton of a young female, the same as the foregoing; skull 5”°50. Milk dentition. Orbits very high. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 26th April 1880. . gg. A stuffed young female, the skull not removed, but the animal externally inseparable from the foregoing speci-- mens. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., lst February 1874. Ah, The flat skin and skeleton of a young female with milk dentition; the same as the preceding. Purchased, 20th October 1569. 27. The flat skin and skeleton of an individual similar to preceding one. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 9th Feb- ruary 1874. jj» A young male in alcohol, with long hair on the head di- rected forwards, and long hair on the body. General colour: red, ferruginous on the body, darker on the head. Also more hair abont the face thanin m. The muzzle also is smaller, not so broad, although the dentition is in much the same state as » Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXII (1853), pp. 37 to 75, pls. 9, 10. 2 Cat. of Mammals, As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 4. SIMIA, 13 in m. The forehead also is higher than in m. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 20th March 1879. kk, A young ferrnginous female in alcohol. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 21st January 1867, . di. A young female similar to preceding, in alcohol. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 21st January 1867. mm. A young male in aleohol, like preceding specimen. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 4th January 1873. an, Theskull of an adult male, Borneo. Regarded by Blyth as afemale Md/ias Rambi, No. 3D of his Catalogue, described in Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXII, page 376, and measure- ments given in 3rd column, page 580 ¢@. ¢., and figured in pls. lii and iv, being one of the skuils described by Mr. Blyth as P. brookei (1. c., page 375). Presented by Major Gregory, July 1838, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. VII, page 669. coo. A mounted skeleton of an adult male: No. 38E of Blyth’s Catalogue: first described by Blyth as a fully mature female (?) of the Mias pappan, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXII, p. 375, and afterwards as a youthful male Pappan, op. ctt., Vol. XXIV, p. 519, and in his Catalogue of Mammals, p- 3, as an adult male Mias pappan. Borneo. Presented by Mr. Wm. Nicholls of Sarawak, 1853. pp. An imperfect skeleton of an adult male, considered ‘by Blyth as a female Mias pappan ; No. 3F of his Catalogue ; and described, op. cit., Vol. XXIV, 1855, pp. 518, 525. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. This specimen is distinguished by a supernumerary molar and by depressions on the skull. The right humerus of this animal had been fractured in life, the two ends of the fracture. overlapping each other; a great mass of osseous tissue had been thrown out around them. ‘The left fibula had also been fractured. This specimen has the eleventh rib of the right side firmly amalgamated to the vertebra, like a transverse process. gq. The skeleton of an adult male considered by Blyth to be an adolescent male Wias rambi, with very large teeth, all the teeth being present and the incisors much worn. The tem- poral ridges meet on the vertex in a low ridge, The muzzle is heavy and protuberant. Described op. cit., p. 523, No, 8G of Blyth’s Catalogue. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. ry. The skeleton of an aged male older than the previous specimen and regarded by Blyth as a mature male Mzas rambi. No. 8H of his Catalogue, and described op. cit., p. 824, It differs in its skull being broader across the malar 14 MAMMALIA, region than the previous specimen, in its protuberant muzzle being somewhat narrower, and in its sagittal and lambdoidal erests being much more developed. Sadong, Borneo, Pre- sented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. ss. The skeleton of an adult malesent by Sir James Brooke as a Mias chapin, was considered by Blyth to be a large old female Raméi, No. 31 of his Catalogue. It is remark- able for its large vertically elongated orbits, its rather feeble muzzle, and elongated face. The sagittal ridge is less deve- loped than in the preceding specimen. Described by Mr. Blyth op. cit., p. 521. Sadong, Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. té. The skeleton of an adult male considered by Blyth to be a small, but full-grown, female Miae rami, although it had been sent as a Mias pappan. No. 33 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Described op. cit., pp. 522,523. Sadong, Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. uu. The skeleton of a mature male described by Blyth as a fully mature female Ramdi, op. cit., p. 523: No. 8K of Blyth’s Catalogue. Much the same as the previous specimen, but with the sagittal crest not developed. In this skeleton the twelfth rib of each side is united to its vertebra and resembles a transverse process. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. vv. The skeleton of an adult male; No. 3Q of Blyth’s Catalogue: described by Blyth, op. cit., pp. 520, 526, as Pithecus cartus. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. ww. The imperfect skeleton of an adult female, No. 4A of Blyth’s Catalogue, described by him as P. morio, in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. XXII, p. 371, plates VII and VIII. Very different trom the foregoing male skulls in the absence of muscular ridges. It has all the characters of the skull figured by Owen as 8. morio: incisor 0”*50 broad, but the molars are not large. Skull 7”-40 long. Said to be from Borneo. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1836. za, The skull of a young animal cutting its permanent incisors and second molar. Upper incisors broad, 0’:60, and much serrated. Lower incisors very irregularly placed. ~ No. 38L of Blyth’s Catalogue. Length of skull 635. ° Donor unknown. yy. A young skull bisected, No. 8M of Blyth’s Cata- logue, retaining deciduary incisors. Length of skull 650. 1 Trans, Zool. Soc. 1841, Vol, 11, p. 168. SIMIA. 15 zz, The skull of a younger specimen: first molar appear- ing. No. 38N of Blyth’s Catalogue. Length of skull 5”-95, aaa, The skull of a young animal not in Blyth’s Catalogue. pp cenied by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1863. Length "22, 606. The skull of a young animal not in Blyth’s Cata- logue. Length 67:05. ece. The skull, and the brain in alcohol, of a young animal with milk teeth and first molar. Skull cap cut away to permit of the removal of the brain. Length of skull 6”. Purchased, July 1867. ddd, The skull of a young animal with the first perma- nent molar through. The outer plate of the right maxillary and of the mandible has been removed to show the relation of the permanent to the deciduary teeth. Length 5”88. No history. eee. The skull of a young male with milk teeth only. Length of skull 5”°52. Purchased, 17th October 1870. ff. Theskull of a young male with milk teeth. Length 5”-43. Purchased, August 1865. ggg. The skeleton of a young male with milk dentition. Length of skull 540. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq, 26th June 1875. Ahh. The skull of a young animal with milk dentition. Length of skull 5”10. Purchased, 5th January 1878. iu. A right scaphoid, lunare, unciform, magnum and cunei- form, in duplicate, marked 3ww. Left scaphoid, 2 lunare, 2 unciform, 2 magnum, and 2 cuneiform bones marked 8xx. Right caleaneum, astragalus, naviculare, cuboid, cuneiform, and ecto-cuneiform, in duplicate, marked 3yy. Left calcaneum, astrayalus, naviculare, cuboid, cunei-form, and ecto-cuneiform in duplicate marked 3zz. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals of right hand, marked 3aaa. Ist, drd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals of right hand, ‘marked 33ps. Right 4th metacarpal, marked 3ccc; right 3rd metacarpal, marked sppp. Ist to 5th left-metacarpals, marked 3uEz. Left Ist and 2nd metacarpals, marked 3rer, Left 4th and 5th metacarpals, marked 3ecac. Right meta- carpals Ist to 5th, marked 3HnH. Right metacarpals Ist to 5th, exclusive of 4th, marked 3111. Left metacarpals 1st to 5th, marked 3335. Left lst to 5th metacarpals, marked 38KKK. Thirty-one lst phalanges of hands and feet, marked 3uLL: Thirteen 2nd phalanges of hands and feet, marked 3mmm. Twenty ungual phalanges of hands and feet, marked 3nnn. Borneo. Presented by Sir James Brooke, C.B., 1855. 16 MAMMALIA, jij. A dried right hand. No history. Marked 3000. kkk. A preparation of penis of the 3a, displaying the penial bone 0°50 in length, situated in the distal end of the organ. The foregoing seven skeletons from Borneo, presented to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Sir James Brooke, were described by Mr. Blyth in 1855, three as males and four as females, and he remarked,! “There is no reason to doubt the correct determination of sex in any of the specimens.” To one, however, conversant with the great differences in size and form that exist between the skulls of the two sexes of Orangs there is every reason to doubt that any of them are females. The skulls of these skeletons are all distinguished by the characteristic features of the male sex, great size, strong muscular ridges, and huge canines, and all present a common likeness to the skull 3a, which is certainly known to be the skull of an adult male Orang-outang, which in life was distinguished by the enlargement of his cheeks into huge bare excrescences. The variations presented by these skulls in the extent to which the external margins of their orbits are developed, the breadth across their orbits, the form of the orbits, the length of the muzzle, the degree of concavity of the profile, the zygoma- tic breadth, the degree of convergence of the temporal ridges, the arch of the frontals and of the parietals, the length, depth, and form of the palate, the depth of the symphysis, the height and breadth of the ascending ramus of the lower jaw, and the dimensions of the teeth, are very great and amply justify the application to them of the remark made by Wallace ? re- garding the Orangs collected by himself in Borneo, that they manifest differences as decided as those existing between the most strongly marked forms of the Caucasian and African crania in the human species. When Mr. Blyth catalogued the mammals in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,® the only two adult female Orangs then existing in the collection he referred to the sup- posed species S. morio, Owen,* which was founded on a female Orang skull, whereas all the males were referred by him to- S. satyrus. Two adult, or nearly adult, females have been 1 Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. XXIV, 1855, p. 518; op. cit., p. 628. 2 Ann. and Mag, Nat. Hist., Vol. VII, 1856, p. 472. > Cat. Mamm., As. Soc. Mus., Vol. V, 1863, p. 4. * Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1841, Vol, 11, p.168, pls. 33 and 34, SIMIA, 17 added to the Museum since’ then, but all of them have the features which distinguish the skull figured by Owen as S. morio. Among the other numerous additions which have been made towards the illustration of this anthropoid ape, three skulls, nearly the name size as the adult female skull and thus resembling the skull named 8. morio, are the skulls of ado- lescent males, their milk teeth being only partially shed. Each of these skulls thus still possessed a great capacity tor growth. In four still younger male skulls, nearly equalling - in size the adult female skull, but yet with milk incisors and canines, the likeness between the sexes, notwithstanding the disparity of age, is very great ; the after-diveryence, however, is enormous. After a careful and repeated consideration of the foregoing specimens, skeletons, and skins, the same conclusion has always been arrived at, that these materials are all refer- able to one large species of Orang-outang so far as the adult males and females, and probably also the adolescents and young, are concerned. As indicated above, there would, how- ever, appear to be a dark and pale variety. Some of the males of the dark race had cheek excres¢ences, while others had not, whereas none of the males of the pale variety manifested any trace of such facial enlargements. I have observed these cheek excrescences beginning to show themselves in a baby dark-coloured male Orang, and have also seen them in another young male of the same colour, pro- bably 6 years of age. . In 1841 Sir James Brooke? stated that the Mias rambi. of Borneo was taller than the Mias pappan, which is the Bornean race provided with cheek excrescences, and that the Ramdz was destitute of those structures. Wallace? also mentions that the Dyaks of North-Western Borneo have names for three species of Mias, although he could never find any one who could determine them with precision. The Dyaks say that the ‘Dias rambi, which has very long hair, equals the Mias chappan or pappan in size, but that it has no cheek excrescences. Wallace, however, regarded the Mias rambi as probably only rare examples of the large species in which the excrescences have been little or at all developed. In the “Malay Archipelago” no mention is made of the Mias rami, nor indeed of Orangs without cheek excrescences equalling in dimensions those provided with these structures : all the Orangs, Wias 1, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 55. 2 Ann, and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1856, Vol. XVII, p. 475. 18 MAMMALIA. kassir, which had no excrescences, were much smaller animals than those which had them and were referred by Wallace to 8. morio. Wallace does not give any detailed description of the skull of the males he referred to 8. morio, but he says, “ It is smaller and weaker, and the zygomatic arches narrower than in the large species; it hasno bony crest, but two faint ridges from 12 inch to 2 inches apart, exactly as in the 8. morio of Prof. Owen, figured in the ‘ Transactions of the Zoological Society,’ The teeth, however, are, in proportion to the skull, of immense size, equalling, and in one case surpassing, those of the larger animals; the molars extending further backward, and the incisors and canines being set closely together, room is found for them in a,much smaller jaw.” The only skulls in this Museum corresponding generally to the foregoing description are those of female Orangs. One adult male skull, 300, resembling, in size and in the development of its zygomatic and orbital ridges, the skull of the adult 3@ with cheek excrescences, differs from it and resembles §. morio in the temporo-parietal ridges being far apart. Although this feature of §. moro occurs in this skull, there can be no doubt of the specific identity of the skull with the individual 3a or with S. satyrus, and Mr. Blyth records that Mr. Nicholls, who presented this Orang to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, stated that, if he remembered rightly, the skeleton had been given to him as that of a male, full grown, but not aged, and with a very broad face—a de- scription which evidently indicates that the animal was an Orang with cheek excrescences. The non-union of the temporo-parietal ridges to form a sagittal ridge would appear in the case of male Orangs to be generally a sign that the animal had not attained full maturity. This skull has all its permanent teeth perfectly fresh and unground, and a few more years of masticating activity would probably have brought the ridges together. Even in female skulls referable to S. morio, the feeble lines indicating the temporal ridges tend to meet on the vertex in the fully adult animal, and in one skull the ridges are only separated by an interval of 07-40, which, in all likelihood, would have disappeared with increased age; whereas in a female, with the last molar only cutting the gum, these ridges are 0”-50 apart. At the same time, in some cases, feeble development of the lower jaw, as pointed out by Mr. Wallace, associated with a small zygomatic aperture and a large cranial surface, contributes to keep the temporal ridges SIMIA. 19 apart; but these conditions cannot be regarded as the chief cause of separated temporal ridges in Orang skulls, and, moreover, in the skull 300 they do not exist, and yet the ridges are far apart. In the old male 3pg, in its general features also resembling the skull 3a, the fronto-parietal ridges remain far apart, even although the animal is aged. The area, however, between the ridges is covered with deep indentations—an abnormal con- ae which may have contributed to the non-union of the ridges. The male skeletons also exhibit almost quite as much variation in the length of their long bones as is manifested by the skulls, in the particulars already indicated. One is so remarkable for the shortness of its limb bones that Mr. Blyth at first regarded it as a new species which he designated 8. curtus, but afterwards, when he had reviewed all the materials at his disposal, he sunk the name in his catalogue as asynonymy of 8. satyrus. The skull 3pp is remarkable for the number of depres- sions on its frontal, as wel] as on its parietal, region. They apparently resemble those described by Professor Humphry? as occurring in an Orang from Borneo in the Anatomical Museum of the University of Cambridge. There is a remarkable de- gree of similarity between the two skulls, and they further resemble each other in having the temporal ridges apart and in possessing supernumerary molars. The depressions in this skull are chiefly confined to the interspace between the ridges, but they occur without any symmetry. There is one large depression on the parietal, immediately behind the left superciliary ridge 0’°70 long and 0°65 broad, with another still deeper depression behind it, 0”:30 long and 0’-75 broad. A little removed from the right superciliary ridge is a long partially-interrupted depression 1-55 long and 0” °50 bread, which may be regarded as the equivalent on this side of the depression just described, and from which it is separated by a prominent eminence. All of these depressions occur on the frontal, butimmediately behind them there is another depression occupying the mesial line of the skull, on the beginning of the parietal, 0’-80 broad and 1 Journ, Anat, and Phys., Vol. VIII, 1874, p. 136, Pl. VII, figures 4, 5 and 6, The specimen described by Professor Humphry is stated to have been .a female, but the figure in which the canines are represented as large would seem to indicate, along with the general characters of the skull, that the animal had been a male. 20 F MAMMALIA. 0” 85 long, and stil] another on the posterior portion of the parietal close to tle posterior end of the left temporal ridge. There is no trace of a sagittal suture. Nearly opposite to the first depression on the parietal, but immediately external to the left temporal ridge, there is another and sixth depression which seems to make itself felt along the inner side of the left temporal ridge. On making two transverse sections through these depressions and the intervening elevations, it is found that in the last of the depressions there is considerable thin- ning away of the walls of the skull, the cancellated substance having disappeared, and nothing but the hard tables remaining, in some places not thicker than 07:05 ; so that, had the thin- ning been carried a little further, the skull might have presented the anomalous appearance of a series of openings in deep depressions.! In such instances the depression is fully 07-10 in depth, and the walls of the skull on either side of it are fully 0’-20 thick, with the diplee well developed. Between the depressions of either side is an elevated, but flattened, area, occupying the middle of the frontal. On the inner surface of the skull there are no concavities corresponding to the external depressions, but there is one small circular pit about 0°30 in diameter underlying the thickened area on the frontal. These defects in the skull appear to be due to an imperfection in the ossifying process, as stated by Professor Humphry, in consequence of which those parts of the skull are left thin. It will be observed that these depressions, as in the in- stances cited by Professor Humphry in Man and in the Orang, do not occur in the course of the sagittal suture nor on the eminences of the frontal. Finding these depressions, in the two instances recorded, 1 The skull ofa female New Hollander in this Museum has one great parietal depression on the left side of thesame nature as those in the Orang described above, another but smaller depression on the right side, and about six other irregular depressions on the left side. The first-mentioned depres- sion is thinned away at its bottom to 0-03. . 2 In the foregoing New Holland skull the largest of the left parietal depressions involves the left parietal eminence. : In the Museum of the Medical College the skull of a young female Orang ‘ presents a simple depression on the commencement of the sagittal suture, and another slight one 0-70 by 0’-50, which has its outline well defined by a clear difference in the texture of the depression and that of the surrounding parts. The depressed area is very dense and almost porcelangous., This skull also presents two deep pits on either side of the foramen magnum. The lambdoidal and sagittal sutures are obliterated, but the skull is very “ small, although it has got its lower permanent and its middle upper incisors. SIMIA.. 21 associated with separated temporal ridges and an abnormal number of teeth, Orang skulls presenting any of these characters, either singly or in association, should be carefully observed. Supernumerary teeth occur on both the upper. and lower Jaws of the left side. In the former the supernumerary tooth is @ small erect two-fanged cylindrical tooth with two cusps. The normal last molar is deformed, consisting of three distinct internal cusps, with a large external cusp equalling the con- joint dimensions of the three former. In the skull described by Professor Humphry the additional tooth occurred on each side of the upper jaw, and, although smaller than the other teeth, both were well formed and with the normal number of fangs. The supernumerary tooth in the lower jaw is quite as large as the last molar and has its crown directed forwards to the right side, asin the Orang skull described by Professor Hum- phry, due to the circumstance that it is set in the base of the coronoid process. From its position its crown could never be brought into use, but the hinder margin of the cingulum is partially worn away by friction against the upper super- numerary tooth. The female skull 34 has a well-formed additional molar behind the normal last tooth on each side of the lower jaw, each perfectly erect and in no way out of position. Among these adult male Bornean skulls there is consider- _ able variation, not only in the breadth of the front upper incisors, but in the length of the dental line from the pre- molar to the last molar, and in the dimensions of the molars, and in some skulls more particularly of the last molar. Throughout the series there is considerable diversity in the extent and form of the nasal bones. In the skull 3vv the nasals are 1”-45 long, expanding from 0:25 to 0:50, their greatest width. In the skull 3pp these bones show a decided tendency to unite with the maxillaries, whereas in skull 3ss the nasals are little, if at all, expanded below, and are 1”-80 long with a maximum width of 07:35, exhibiting no tendency whatever to union either with the frontal or mazxillaries. 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Jo qsuery * —* — SIOSTOUT OT} JO 8J9HO0S oY JO aovjMs AOTIA, “UB 9} 0} e[{puod oy} Mors Mel TeMOT 24} JO YASUOT . . . . . cid cid e jo YIpverg. : : * : * guraeo reddn jo mMOI0 Jo q}3u0T . . » . . . . * vel aqeddn ‘apts auo jo spidsnorq pue srefou jo 4we}xe [euIpnyzsa0T e Re & Ss 91S UI SLOSIOUL OY} JO WpPVaIg . ita iy cig puoses iid oi e iid * mel saddn ‘Iostout ysag om} Jo MMOD O17} JO YAPVIIG ss + + guroedioy omguyed 10119308 9113-07 SoT0q AIUI[IXBUIAGZUT 949 JO ULSIVUL AOIaZUY et} WOIY . . . . TROUT 48v] “e iis ce * SOUT. TAVAyOq aQuTed Jo YIpYoIg s * QUT] [erseut oy} Suoye epeped Auoq oy} Jo yISueT 3 D * oyered fuoq ony Jo ULsreut qorreys0d aq} 0} WoMRto [VI dio90 OY} JO UISAvUT AOTLeJUG ON} MOLT 24 MAMMALIA. 4. Simia abelii. Ourang-outang of Sumatra, Clarke Abel, As. Resch., vol. xv, 1825, p. 489, pls. 1 to 3, and 1V & V. Simia abelii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm., 1829, p. 10. . Pithecus satyrus, Evans, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii, 1838, p. 669, partim. Simia gigantica, Pearson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. x, 1841, . 660. Pithecus bicolor, Js. Geoff. Atti della terza rium. d. Scienz. Ital. 1841; tbid., Arch. du Mus., t. ii, 1841, p. 526. Sumatran Orang-outang. ‘Hab, Sumatra. 4a. The lower jaw, No. 8B of Blyth’s Catalogue, of the large individual first described by Dr. Clarke Abel in the Asiatic Researches, Vol. XV, 1825. This jaw was figured in the same work, Plates IV and V, and again figured, half natural size, in the Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, Vol. VI, Plate XVIII. Described by Mr. Blyth, op. cit., Vol. XXII, 1853, p. 374. This specimen is very much smaller than the jaw of the next skull. The former measures only 6°55 in the ex- treme length of the jaw, whereas the latter is no less than 7°60. The condyle of Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen is only 38”50 above the inferior line of the horizontal ramus, whereas in the next individual the measurement is 4”°90. The coronoid pro- cess of the former is only 8”°90, while in the latter it is 4”-70, the breadth of root of the ascending ramus in Dr. Clarke Abel’s animal being 2”-30 to 2”-65 in next specimen. There is no perceptible difference in the length of the dental line of the two jaws, but this jaw is enormously larger than the other. The symphysis in Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen is only 2”-60, and in the next skull it is as great as 3”-05. The form of the jaws is much the same, and although the smaller jaw has all its teeth, the teeth are not worn, whereas in the other massive jaw the teeth are considerably worn. I am there- fore disposed to attribute the difference in size solely to individual peculiarities. Presented by Captain Cornfoot, 1822.1 1 The stuffed skin of Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen from the north coast of Sumatra, presented by Captain Cornfoot, As. Researches, Vol. XV, App. p. 32, 1822, and described in the Asiatic Researches for 1825, in which the head, lower jaw, teeth, hand and foot are figured, was not in the Asiatic So- ciety’s Museum when I took charge of it for the Trustees of the Indian Museum. Owen has stated that the Sumatran Orang has no cheek excrescences, but HYLOBATES. 25, 6. Theskull of anadult male. Sumatra. No. 3C of Blyth’s Catalogue: described by Pearson as S. gigantica, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal; Vol. X, p. 660, and the measurements given by Mr. Blyth, op. cit., Vol. XXII, p. 380, tab. No. 2, and figured l.¢., Plates I and II. The skull is much more massive than any of the skulls of S. satyrus and distinguished from them by the great depth of the malo-maxillary area, which is flat and much. expanded, and measures 2 inches in height, whereas in the skulls referred to 8. satyrus it is seldom above 1-42 in depth. The muzzle also is very powerful, and.the canine ridges enormous. The breadth across the front of the orbital region is greater than in the foregoing skulls of 8. satyrus, and the superciliary ridges are much more deve- loped. The orbits are irregularly vertically oval, The tem- poral ridges are strongly marked and form a prominent sagittal ridge. The zygomatic arch is strong, and the lower jaw very massive, with a broad ascending ramus. This skull corresponds so closely to the figure of the skull described by Professor Owen? that there can be no doubt of their spe- cific identity. TI.—Sus-Famitry HYLOBATIN &. Genus HYLOBATHS, Illiger, 1811. 5. Hylobates syndactylus. Simia syndactylus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soce., vol. xiii, 1822, p. 241. Pithecus syndactylus, Desmarest, Mamm., 1820, p. 531. Hylobates syndactylus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". xxxiv, Novembre 1821. Siamanga syndactyla, Gray, Cat. Mamm. B. M., 1843, p. 1. Hylobates (Siamanga) syndactylus, Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch., and West. Yunnan Expd., 1878, p. 10. Hag. Sumatra and Malayan Peninsula. 5a, A young male stuffed: its skull and the bones of its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 24th June 1873. 6. The skin of an adult female and the bones of its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 24th June 1873. ec. A young male stuffed, and its skull and the bones of its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th August 1873. Mr. Blyth distinctly mentions that the skin of Dr. Clarke Abel’s specimen possessed cheek excrescences, but less developed than in the Bornean male (Journ, As. Soc. Beng., Vol. XXII, 1853, p. 370), 1 Trans. Zoological Soc. Vol. 1, 1885, Pl. 53. 26 MAMMALIA. d. An adult female stuffed: its skull and the bones of its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Hsq., 29th Sep- tember 1873. e. The ligamentary skeleton of an adult male. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th April 1874. f. The skeleton and flat skin of a young male. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 26th June 1880. g. The skin and skull of a young male. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 29th November 1880. 6. Hylobates hooclock. The Fifé Niehoff, Recueil des Voyages, &c., t. iii, 1716, p. 168. The Golock, De Visme, Philosoph. Trans., vol. lix, 1769, p. 72. The Gulok, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed. 1793, p. 185. The Voulock, Allamand, Buffon, Hist. Nat. (Sonnini ed.), t. xxxv, (1809), p. 140. The Hoolock, McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 148. Simia lar, Philosoph. Trans., vol. lix, 1769, p. 607. Simia hoolock, Harlan, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. iv, new ser., 1834, p. 52, pl. 2 (animal & skull). ? Hylobates niger, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1840, p. 20. Hylobates hulok, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl., Bd. i (1840), p. 76; vol. v, 1855, p. 20. Hylobates houlock, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif., 1840, p. 54. Hylobates chronomandus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 689. Hylobates scyritus, Ogilby, Madr, Journ. Lit. & Se., vol. xii, 1840. Had. Assam; extending into the Eastern Himalayas (Bhu- tan), also to upper portion of the valley of the Irrawadi, and into the hilly country to the east of that river at Bhamo, and from Manipur and Cachar into Northern Arakan. 6a. A stuffed adult male, and its articulated skeleton: Nos, 5 A and H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Entirely black, with the exception of a white supercilium. From the Barrackpore Menagerie, 1842. b. A stuffed adolescent male, same as preceding specimen, and its articulated skeleton: Nos. 5 B and I of Blyth’s Cata- logue. From Barrackpore Menagerie, 1842. ce. A stuffed adult female, brown above, darker on the under parts, sides of face, hands and feet. No. 5D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Lieutenant-Colonel R. 8S. Tickell, 1842-49. d. A stuffed adult female: the same as c. No. 5F of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick. Bahadur. : HYLOBATES. 27 e. A stuffed adult female: pale yellow above and light brown below, and blackish on the fingers and toes, No. 5E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Assam. Presented by S. G. T. Heatly, Esq. J. A stuffed young female: dark brown, but lighter on the back and outside of the limbs. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P. Phayre. g. The skin of a young male: black. Purchased, Septem- ber 1866. h. Astuffed young black female. Purchased, 19th May 1868. 2. The skin of a young black male. Purchased, 29th May 1869. jand &. A stuffed young male and female, both black. Assam. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., May 1870. . Astuffed adolescent black male. Assam. Presented by H.F. Blanford, Esq., 16th July 1870. . m. A stuffed adolescent female, with greyish head. Assam. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 29th April 1871, w. The skin of a young black male.. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th June 1871. o. The skin ofa young female : dark blackish-brown, lighter on the back and on the sides of the face: beard greyish. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 24th June 1870. p: The skin of a young male: blackish brown on the back, and sides of the face and middle of chest. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 30th June 1871. g. The skin and bones of the trunk of a nearly adult female : pale yellow above, and light brown below and on the sides of the head. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1867-68. r. A characteristic adult male, jet black, with white super- cilium, Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, October 1872. . s. A young, pale yellow female, in aleohol. Cachar. Pre- sented by C. Brownlow, Esq., 2nd August 1872. t. The ligamentary skeleton of a young male. The general colour of this gibbon was yellow, but the belly and inside of the limbs were brown. Cachar. Presented by C. Brownlow, Esq., 2nd August 1872. u. The ligamentary skeleton of a young male, like the preceding specimen. Cachar. Presented by C. Brownlow, Esq., 2nd August 1872. v. The skin and ligamentary skeleton of a young male, the same as the two preceding specimens. Cachar. Presented by C. Brownlow, Esq., 2nd August 1872. 28 MAMMALIA. w. An imperfect flat skin of a black male. Hotha, Western Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the First Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. z. Another similar male skin. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the First Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. , y. The skin of a young female, also its skull and the bones of its trunk. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 17th April 1877. z. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female: greyish yellow above and blackish brown below, and. on the sides of the head and on the fingers. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 19th May 1877. aa. The skin and skull of an adult male. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 26th May 1879. 6b. The skin and skull of a young female. This specimen has the head and back greyish yellow; this colour also occur- ring here and there on the limbs and along the mesial line of the under surface of the body. This individual marks the transition from black to pale yellow, a colour which frequently occurs in adult females. Tipperah. Presented by. the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 28th August 1879. ce, The skin and skull of a young black female. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 10th April 1880. dd. A young skull, No. 5I of Blyth’s Catalogue. ee. A young skull, No. 5L of Blyth’s Catalogue. Jf. A young skull, No. 5M of Blyth’s Catalogue. gg. A young skull, No. 5K of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ah. The skull of ayoung animal. Gdro Hills. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 13th June 1870. ai. The skull of a young animal. No history. jij. The skeleton of a young male. Purchased, 12th June 1869. kk, The ligamentary skeleton of an adolescent male. Pur- chased, 6th June 1869. 7. Hylobates lar. Homo lar, Linn., Mantissa Plant. 1771, Append., p. 521. Simia longimana, Sehreber, Siugeth. Bd. i, 1775, p. 66, pl. iii, fig. 1 (Buffon). Simia lar, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 13th ed. 1788, p.29; Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, §c., Fam. I, Sect. IT, fig. 1. Pithecus lar, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.), 1809, t. xxxvi, p. 276. Pithecus varius, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.), t. xxxvi, 1809, p. 276. HYLOBATES. 29 Pithecus variegatus, Geoff. St-Hil., Ann. du Mus, t. xix, 1812, p. 88. Hylobates lar, Illiger, Abhand. der Akad. der Wiss. Berlin, 1818, p. 88; Blyth, Cat. Mamm, As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 5; Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. &c., 1878, p. 5. Hylobates variegatus, Kuhl, Beitr. zus Zool. 1820, p. 5. Simia albimana, Vigors ¢& Horsfield, Zool. Journ., no. 13, 1828, vol. iv, p. 107. Simia variegatus, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 11. ‘Hylobates albimanus, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Zool. du Voyage de Bélanger, 1834, p. 29. Hylobates leuciscus, Cantor, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii, 1846, p. 338. Hylobates entelloides, Js.’ Geoff. St.-Hil., Compt. Rend. t. xv, 1842, p. 717 Hab, Arakan, Lower Pegu, Tenasserim, and Malayan Peninsula. 7a. A stuffed adult female; brown, but paler on the lower half of the back. In Skin Collection. No history. 6. The skin of an adult: brown, but passing into greyish between the shoulders and along the back ; darkest on the head. c. A stuffed adult male: brown, but much variegated on the back and on the arms with an intermixture of yel- lowish. No history. d. A stuffed adult female: brown, becoming pale yellowish- brown on the back and on the extremities, the legs being but little paler than the normally coloured feet. No history. e. A stuffed adult female: pale yellow. Malacca, 1846. JS. A stuffed young female: rich yellow. g. A stuffed very young female: pale yellow. A. A stuffed adult female, black, with the usual distinctive marks. Presented by A. Grote, Esq., 26th June 1864. i. A stuffed young female: brown, pale yellowish on back of the thighs, and yellowish on the throat, chest, and middle line of abdomen. Purchased, 20th September 1866, j. A stuffed adolescent male: black, with the usual mark- ings. Tenasserim. Presented by the Conntess Mayo, 14th February 1870. k. A stuffed adult male: brown, darkest on the head, pass- ing into light yellowish-brown on the lumbar region. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 14th July 1871. i. A stuffed young animal: top of the head black, paler on the occiput and between the shoulders, where the colour is reyish. On the lumbar region, hips, and under surface of thighs the colour is yellowish. Hands yellowish brown, feet yellow, and the area around the nude, black face white. 30 MAMMALIA. m, A stuffed young female: greyish brown, dark brown on the vertex ; back greyish, passing into yellow on the lumbar region, and on the back of the thighs. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 29th September 1871. n. The skin of an adolescent: pale brownish yellow, the hands and feet somewhat paler; the eyebrows blackish, and the area around the face white. No history. o. The skin of a young male: black, with some grey patches on the back, and pale on the sacral region: area around callosities and the back of the thighs rusty yellow ; mesial line of chest and abdomen greyish yellow. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd March 1876. p. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 6th May 1877. g. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 19th August 1878. r. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female resembling 2 and m. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 13th February 1877. s. The skin of an adult, uniform pale, sandy yellow. Mooleyit Range, Tenasserim. Collected by Mr. Ossian Limborg. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. t. The skin of an adult female like the last, and from the same locality. Collected by Mr. Limborg, Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. uw. A nearly mature male foetus in alcohol. The head is especially well clad with hair, but the back of the loins and of the brachium are covered with numerous hairs directed downwards, but all the other parts are nearly nude. The teats are especially well developed. This is the fetus of ¢. Mooleyit Range, Tenasserim. Collected by Mr. Limborg. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. v. The mounted skeleton of an adult male. Tenasserim. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1856. w..The skull of a dark-coloured young animal. Nasal processes of frontal downwardly prolonged and broad. No history. zx. The skull of a pale adolescent: nasal processes of frontal short and narrow. No history. y. An imperfect skull of a pale-brown adult. Nasal processes of frontal moderately downwardly prolonged and broad. No history. z. The skull of a young yellow individual. No, SE of Blyth’s Catalogue. HYLOBATES. 3L 8. Hylobates agilis. The Ounko, fF. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Juin 1824, live™ xlii & xiii. Hylobates agilis, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Sept. 1821, livr™ Xxxli & xxxili; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 5; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 9. Simia lar, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 242. Pithecus agilis, Desmarest, Mamm., 1820, p. 532. Hylobates rafilesii, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. Méthod. des Mammif. 1851, p.8. a Hylobates variegatus, Zemminck, Monogr. de Mamm. t. i., 1827, p. xiii. Hylobates rafflei, Geoff. St.-Hil,, Cours de 0 Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 7™ lecon 1829, p. 34. Hylobates unko, Temm. (partim), Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 53. Hylobates concolor, Miller, Verhandl. over de Zool. Ind. Archipel, 1841, p. 48. Hylobates miilleri, Martin, Nat. Hist. Quadr. 1841, p. 444; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch., 1878, p. 8. Hylobates funereus, Zs. Geoff. St.-Hil., Compt. Rend. t. xxxi, Dec. 1850, p. 874, Hylobates pileatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 136, pl. xxi; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. &e., 1878, p. 6. Hab. Sumatra, Siam, Cochin China, Borneo, and Sulu Islands. A careful reconsideration of the various gibbons to which the terms above given have been applied leads me to regard them all as Iccal races and varieties of one and the same species. 8a, The skin of a young male : brown, paler on the lumbar region, and on the outside of the hind limbs ; hands and feet black; chest pale yellowish-brown ; supercilium white; no white on the whiskers. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 6th September 1869. 6. Astutied young female : brown, passing into yellowish on the lumbar region, and to pale brown on the outside of the thighs ; top of the head brown, parietal and occipital regions pale greyish-brown ; supercilium and whiskers white; chest and inside of limbs black; hands and feet blackish brown. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th January 1870. c. A stuffed young male: the same as the preceding. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th August 1871. d, A stuffed young male: same as 6. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 27th August 1871. e. A stuffed young male and its skull: the same as 4. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 13th July 1875. 32 MAMMALIA. J. Ayoung female in alcohol. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 28th July 1877. g. Theskin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female : greyish brown on the back, passing into yellowish brown on the lumbar region, and on the back and the sides of the thighs ; into darker fuliginous brown on the shoulders, sides, and out- sides of the limbs. Top of the head dark brown ; supercilium greyish ; whiskers darker grey; throat, chest, and anterior half of front limbs black; inside of fore and hind limbs darker than the outsides; mesial portion of ventral aspect white. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th May 1873. 4. The skin and skeleton of a young male: general colour ashy, darkest on the vertex, shoulders, and across the chest, and on the hands and feet; fading to pale grey on the lower portion of the back and on the hind limbs. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 16th January 1577. z. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female: supercilium grey; forehead and mesial line of crown black-brown; temporal and supra-occipital regions yellowish grey. Sides of the face and neck, throat, chest, shoulders, upper half of the fore limbs, under surface and inside of thighs and fore limbs, black; a narrow dark-brown line from the sides of the neck round the nape; back light yellowish-grey, passing on the sides into brown ; limbs greyish brown ; hands black ; feet less so. Purchased, 24th December 1878. j. The skin, skull, and bones of trunk of an adult female: grey from the occiput downwards along the back, becoming paler on the hinder quarters, with a distinct yellowish tint. The crown, also the sides of the head and neck, the throat,. breast, shoulders, inside of brachium and posterior border of antibrachium, and the whole of the under parts and inside of the thighs, black. Supercilium greyish. The outside of the fore- arms brownish grey, also the hands. The outsides of the thighs greyish, like the back ; the lower portion of the hind limb grey and blackish ; the feet greyish. Presented by W. Rutledge, ‘Esq., 14th July 1877. &. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female, like the previous specimen, but the grey of the back paler and somewhat yellow, and not extending upwards beyond the shoulders, above which the colour is brownish ashy, darkening into fuliginous blackish brown on the crown ; hands and feet black, or nearly so. Purchased, 25th December 1878. 2. The skull of a young male resembling 4. Presented by Babu R. R. Shaw, 4th March 1867. HYLOBATES, 33 9. Hylobates leuciscus. The Long-armed Ape, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 1798, pl. xxxviii, p. 184. he Here eae Ape (var. 8), Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., » pe 184, Le Moloch, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1° fam., sec. ii, fig. ii. The Tee aren Ape (white var.), Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt.1. 1840, p- 12, pl. vi. Le Gibbon cendré, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.), t. xxxv _ (1809), p. 207, pl. x. Simia leucisca, Schreber, Sdugeth. tab. iiiB, 1775. as aa leuciscus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. Hylobates leuciscus, Kuhl, Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p.6; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 7. Hab. Java, 9a. A stuffed specimen in bad condition; yellow; darkest on the top of the head and the outside of the brachium ; palest on the nape and down the back. No. 6 of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1848. 6. Another specimen, like the preceding, but younger: No. 6 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1848. ec. Another, nearly the same as the two preceding specimens, but tending to brownish grey on the top of the head and out- side of the arms, and on the shoulders. No. 6 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1848. d. A stuffed adolescent female and its skull: Nos. 7 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue: yellowish grey; dark brown on the vertex, on the inside of the thighs, and along a line from the groin to the axilla. Pale yellowish-white on the lower half of the back, and on the hips and back of thighs. Fingers and toes dusky. The area of the fonta- nelle in the skull is ossified as a distinct bone intercalated between the anterior portion of the parietal and posterior half of the frontal ; last molar not through. Purchased, 1834. e. Astuffed young female: pale yellow ; fuliginous on the top of,the head, nape, shoulders, and upper half of the back, and on the outside of the brachium ; inside of thighs, outside of antibrachium tinged with fuliginous; hands concolorous with antibrachium, and the feet yellow, like the legs; area around the face yellow; chest and belly yellowish, but the former tinged with fuliginous. Purchased, 18th July 1869. c 34 MAMMALIA. jf. A stuffed adolescent female: almost uniform greyish brown, darkest on the forehead and brachium ; palest on the side of the face and on the supercilium., Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th September 1870. g. A-stuffed young female, and the bones of the trunk: nearly the same as the preceding; the viscera in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd July 1872. A. A stuffed young female, and the bones of the trunk: slightly darker than the last two; fuliginous yellow on the lumbar region, hips, upper half of the inside of the thighs, chest, and belly, the chin, the sides of the face, and the super- cilium. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 26th June 1873. z. The skin of a young female, its skull (milk dentition) and the bones of the trunk: resembling the preceding specimen. Second and third digits of the right foot partially;united at their base. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th April 1876. Jj. The skin of a young male, the skull and bones of the trunk: ashy grey on the upper parts, darkest on the crown, the forehead being greyish white; the throat, neck, chest, mesial line of the belly, and the front and outside of the thighs yellowish grey ; the fingers and the distal ends of the toes dark brown. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 7th July 1877. é. The skin of an adolescent female, its skull and the bones of the trunk: like the preceding specimen, but somewhat paler; no yellowish grey on the throat, no brown on the fingers and toes; yellowish around the callosities and on the back of the thighs. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 21st July 1877. ¢. The skin of a young female, its skull and the bones of the trunk : like the preceding individual, but somewhat darker. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th December 1878. m. The skin and skull of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8rd December 1879. a. The skin and skull of a young female resembling 7. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd March 1880. 10. Hylobates leucogenys. a Tabraca, Hist. Civile et Nat. de Siam, t. ii, 1771, Pp. : * Hylobates leucogenys, Ogilby, Proc. Zool, Soc., 1840, p. 20; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch, Fc., 1878, p. 6. ~ Hab. Siam. 10a, The skin, the skull, and the bones of the trunk of a SEMNOPITHECUS. 35 young female: wholly black, with the exception of a feebly whitish supercilium, and a greyish white ruff on the sides of the face and behind the chin. The interocular nasal portion of the skull is relatively narrower than in H. agilis. Pre- ne by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 4th December 878. 6, The skin and skull of an adolescent female: wholly black, with a brown tinge on the body; whiskers and eye- brows grey. In both of these specimens the second and third digits of the feet are united at the base. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th June 1874, TiI.—Famity CERCOPITHECIDA. I.—Sus-Famity SEMNOPITHECIN &, Genus SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuv., 1821. 11. Semnopithecus entellus. L’entelle, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, fam. iv, sec. ii, fig. 2, Simin entellus, Dufresne, Bull. Soc. Philom. t. i, 1797, p. 49. Cercopithecus entellus, Latr., Hist, Nat. de Buffon, t. xxxvi (Sonnini ed.), 1809, p. 283. Semnopithecus entellus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class, d’ Hist. Nat. t. vii (1825), p. 568; Anderson, Anat. g Zool. Resch., 1878, p. 15. Presbytes entellus, Gray, Hand-list, Brit. Mus. 1843, p. 4; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As, Soc. Bengal, 1868, p. 11; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 4. rs Presbytes anchises, Hiliot, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xiii, 1844, pp. 470, 476. Hab. India. lla. A stuffed adult male, No. 27A of Blyth’s Catalogue: pale yellow; pale brownish on the outside of the limbs, and black on the hands and feet. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1842. 6. A stuffed adult female, No. 27B of Blyth’s Catalogue: brownish on the middle of the back from the nape to the tail, and dark brown on the outside of the limbs; hands and feet black. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1842. ec. A stuffed adolescent female, No, 27C of Blyth’s Cata- logue: like the preceding specimen, but more brightly coloured 36 MAMMALIA. on the head, and golden yellow or rusty fulvous on the flanks and under surface, thus approaching 8. pideatus. Jangipur. Presented by J. W. Laidlay, Esq., 1848. d. A stuffed young male, No. 27D of Blyth’s Catalogue: pale yellow; brownish on the middle of the lower two-thirds of the back, and slightly so on the outside of the limbs ; hands and feet black. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq , 1842. e. A stuffed young female, No. 27E of Blyth’s Catalogue : pale yellow; no trace of brown on the back; hands and feet brownish black. Presented by Edward Blyth, Esq., 1842. j. A stuffed young male: pale yellow, slightly suffused with fuliginous on the lumbar and sacral regions, and on the middle of the back; limbs pale yellow ; hands and feet brown- ish. Purchased, February 1866. g. A stuffed adult (gravid) female: the bones of the trunk, and the fcetus in alcohol. Yellow on the head, flanks, belly, and front of fore-arms and back of thighs; rather dark. greyish brown on the back, with a yellow tinge, but the former colour deepening towards the tail. Purchased, 8th August 1869, 4, A stuffed young male: pale yellow, suffused with pale fuliginous on the middle of the back; yellow, slightly rusty on the back of the thighs; reddish brown on the tail and similar- ly coloured around the ankles, on the tarsal and on the carpal regions; the rest of the upper surface of the hands and feet black: Purchased, 8th March 1870. 2. The skin of a pale yellow’ adolescent male: much the same as the last, but the rufous less intense. Asiatic Society’s specimen, but no history. j- The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female: pale yellow, fuliginous on the latter half of the back and on the outside of the limbs; tail brownish yellow; hands and feet black. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th February 1874, k. The flat skin and skeleton of an animal the same as the preceding female 7. Purchased, 22nd June 1872. t, The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male: rather bright yellow and golden on the ventral region ; lower half of back and outside of limbs dusky fuliginous ; hands and feet black. Purchased, 6th August 1873. m. The flat skin and skeleton of a younger and more deeply coloured male than the preceding. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 7th December 1873. n. The flat skin and skeleton of a young female: dusky on SEMNOPITHECUS, 87. the lower half of the back and on the outside of the limbs. Presented by B. Collins, Esq., 18th September 1874. o, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male. Purchased, 6th October 1877. p. The skeleton of a male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th June 1880. g. The articulated skeleton of an adult male, Probably No. 27F of Blyth’s Catalogue. 7. The disarticulated skeleton of an adult female. Royal Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 2nd September 1865. ‘ gs. The disarticulated skeleton of an adult female. Royal Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Purchased, 30th December 18638. t. The disarticulated skeleton of a young female. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 24th June 1869. wz to w. Three skulls of adult males, Nos. 27G, H, and I of Blyth’s Catalogue. i 2. The skull of an adolescent male. Presented by G. Sceva, Esq., 10th October 1868. y. The disarticulated skeleton of an adult. Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. z. The skeleton of a very large adult male. Allahabad. Presented by John Cockburn, Esq., 17th January 1879. VaR. a. Semnopithecus schistaceus, The langar, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. 1832, vol. i, p. 339. The long-tailed monkey, Pemberton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. viii, 1839, p. 272. The Masuri langar, Hutton, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. vol. xiii, 1844, . 471. Suiomopitheots entellus, Hodgson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 95. Semnopithecus schistaceus, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. ix, 1840, p. 1212; Anderson, Anat. §f Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 16. Semnopithecus nepalensis, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. ix, 1840, p. 1212. Presbytis schistaceus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 11 i,Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 6. Hab. Himalaya, Bhutan, and to the West of Simla, at elevations from 4,000 to 13,000 feet. llaa. A stuffed adult male and skull, Nos. 28A and Bof Blyth’s Catalogue: head, neck, chest, inside of limbs, and under parts yellow; general colour of the trunk brownish or fuliginows yellow, and darkest ou the shoulders, outside of f 38 MAMMALIA, fore limbs, and thighs; hands nearly black ; feet dusky ; hair long ands profuse on the body, and on the feet; tail con- eolorous with the body, paling towards the tip. Masuri. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1848. 6b. The skin of an adult male: general colour of the upper parts, except the head, dark slaty, darkest cn the outside of the fore limbs, passing almost into blackish on the fingers; dark on the thighs, but paling towards the ankle and passing almost into blackish on the toes. Tail concolorous with the back, becoming darker towards the tip. Head pale yellow, nearly white; chin, throat, chest and under parts, and inside of limbs, yellowish. Fur wavy, profuse, and long. Sikkim, Himalaya. Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., November 1875. ec, The skin of another adult, the same asthe last. Sikkim. Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., November 1875. dd. The skin of an adolescent individual : head more yellow than preceding specimens, and the feet not quite so dark. Sikkim. Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., November 1875. 12, Semnopithecus priamus. Semnopithecus priam, Elliot, Blyth, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. xiii (1844), pp. 470, 476. Semnopithecus pallipes, Blyth, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1844, p. 312. Presbytis priamus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p- 732, pl. liv. fig. 1; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 12; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 7. Presbytis thersites, EVliot, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 1271, pl. liv, fig. 3. Semnopithecus albipes, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. IM, 1870, p. 15. Semnopithecus priamus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch., &c., 1878, p. 19. Hab. The Eastern Ghats of India, and Northern Ceylon. 12a. A stuffed adult female, and skull: No. 380A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Pale fuliginous on the upper parts of the trunk and on the head, but palest on the head and darkening towards the rump; almost yellow on the nape. Outside of the fore limbs and thighs pale ashy brown; yellow on the sides of the head, throat, chest and inside of the limbs, lower half of the thigh, and hands and feet. Coromandel Coast, Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1847. 6. A stuffed adult male, and skull, No. 30B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Much darker than the preceding specimen : SEMNOPITHECUS. 39 fuliginous brown on the upper parts, except the sides and part of the head and nape, which are yellowish; vertex pale fuliginous brown, the same colour as the back, also the outside of the limbs and the tail. Under parts, inside of the limbs, and back of thighs yellowish ; upper surface of hands showing a distinct tendency to dusky. St. Pedro, Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq., 1848. ce. A stuffed adult and its skull, No. 380C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Larger than the preceding, but with the head and nape darker; limbs fuliginous, the hands and feet con- colorous with them. “The original of P. thersites, Elliot, from Ceylon.”—Blyth. Ceylon. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1845. d, A stuffed adult, No. 80D of Blyth’s Catalogue: hands paler than No. 124, and feet yellowish. Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq., 1849. Blyth deseribed 8. priamus as having a compressed, high, vertical crest, but one of the foregoing specimens (c) shows no sign of a true crest, and, as Blyth stated that the specimen which was under his observation when alive had no crest, I examined the types of the species @ and 4, and found that in a the skin of the vertex had been cut open and cotton wool introduced between the skull and the skin, and that where the cotton wool was there the crest existed. In 0 the short compressed crest occurred exactly over the point of a wire that perforated the skull and pressed against the skin. e. The skull of an adult male, No. 80E of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Trincomali. Presented by Dr. EK. F. Kelaart. Jj. The skull of an adult male, No. 30F of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Trincomali, Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart. g- The skull of an adolescent male, No. 80G of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq. A. The skull of an adult female, No. 30H of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq. The skull of 8. priamus, in its adult condition, is consider- ably smaller than that of S. entellus ; the vertical depth of its face is relatively less than in that species, while, on the other hand, it is proportionally broader across the orbits. Its fronto- nasal depth also is less than in S. enteddus, the nasals being short and broad, and the nasal opening considerably shorter than in that species; a line drawn through the centre of the face, from the alveolar border of the premaxillaries to the supraorbital ridge, does not touch the distal end of the nasals, these bones being rather flattened and broad, and. slightly 406 SIAMMALIA. concave. These differences in the details of the configuration must confer on 8. priamus a very different visage from that of S. entellus. There is not much difference in the teeth of the two forms, but in S. priamus they are relatively larger than in 8S. entellus, except the canines, which are smaller. 13. Semnopithecus hypoleucus. Semnopithecus hypoleucus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. x, 1841, p- 839; vol. xvi, 1847, p. 733, pl. xxvi fig. 1; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 20. Semnopithecus johnii, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 20 var. Semnopithecus dussumieri, Zs. Geof. St.-Hil., Comptes Rendus, 1842, t. xv, p. 719. Presbytis johnii, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 283; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 12; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 7. 5 Hab. Forests of the Malabar Coast. 13a. A stuffed adult male and skuil, No. 29A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Head, except the eyebrows and skin of face, yellow; throat, under parts, inside of brachium and thighs yellow, especially bright on the chest and belly. Brown from the shoulders to the root of the tail, darkest on the middle of the back, paler on the sides and the posterior half, and the outside of the thighs. Antibrachium, front of thighs, and lower half of legs black, light brownish on the front of the tibia. Hands and feet black, concolorous with the imbs. Tail black, brownish towards its tip. Hair of head semi-erect and back- wardly directed; a few black hairs before the ears: nails black. The skull of this species has the general features of the skull of S. priamus, but it is smaller and characterised by much less prominent supraorbital ridges and by considerably less interorbital breadth, with narrow rather compressed nasals, in this respect conforming to the female of S. priamus. The skull is entire, with the exception of the occipital and basi- occipital portion, and its length from the premaxillaries to the lambdoidal ridge is 4:26, the palate measuring 17:73. The fronto-malar and greatest zygomatic breadth are respectively 2”55 and 3”:30. ‘These measurements show that this species is the smallest of the Indian Semnopithect. Travancore. Presented by Dr. W. Coles, 1841. 14. Semnopithecus pileatus. The Assam entellus monkey, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 732. SEMNOPITHECUS. 41 Semnopithecus pileatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xii, 1843, p- 174; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 13. Presbytis pileatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. Ge pl. xxvi fig. 3; Cat. Mamm. Asiatic Soc. Mus. 1868, p- 12. Semnopithecus chrysogaster, Licht. Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p- 429, footnote. Semnopithecus potenziani, Pr. Bonap., Comptes Rendus, t. xliii, 1856, p. 412. 3 Hab, Northern Assam, Tipperah, Eastern Bengal Hill Tracts, Arakan, Upper Burma, and Tenasseriin, 14a, A stuffed adult female, No. 31A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Sides of head and under parts orange yellowish; hands and feet black. Chittagong Hills. Presented by the Rev. J. Barbe, 1844. 6. A stufféd adult female, No. 31B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Considerably paler than the preceding specimen, especially on the posterior half of the trunk and the limbs, which are almost yellow. Carpal portion of hand blackish, fingers yellowish ; feet similarly coloured. Tail concolorous with the back, becom- ing darker towards thetip. Chittagong Hills. Presented by the Rev. J. Barbe, 1844. ce. A stuffed adolescent male, No. 31C of Blyth’s Catalogue. The orange yellow especially bright on the front of the shoulder, side of the neck, and head. Outside of lower half of hind limbs rich yellow, hands and feet dusky. Tipperah Hills. Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. d. A stuffed female, No. 31D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Light coloured ; under parts pale yellow ; no trace of orange. General colour of upper parts and outside of limbs greyish or fuliginous, darkest on the front of the head and on the shoulders. Presented by the Barrackpore Menagerie, 1843. e. A stuffed young female, the same as the last speci- men, but the fingers yellow and the carpal region dusky. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 20th December 1870. jf. Astuffed adult male, its skull, and the bones of the trunk. Sides of head and under parts pale yellow, as in the preceding specimen. Upper parts grevish, passing into black- ish on the dorsum of the hand; fingers yellow; feet and lower hal’ of tibial portion of leg and the whole of the dorsum of the feet yellow, except a transverse blackish band across the base of the toes. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 19th March 1878. This is a Menagerie specimen. y. The skin of a young animal: rich yellow above; su- praorbital hairs black; forehead yellow; vertex dusky grey ; 42 MAMMALIA. occiput yellow: a fuliginous band across the nape: back of neck rufous or orange; back, outside of fore limbs, and dorsum of first half of the tail, pale greyish with an orange tinge, Lower half of outside of limbs, hands, and feet rich yellow; under parts yellow. A. Skin of an adult male: upper surface of head dark brown, passing into greyish on the occiput; the dark-coloured cap rapidly contracts on the nape into a narrow area on the back of the neck; dark greyish-brown over the shoulders and backwards along one-half of the back, passing into grey on the lumbar region, first half of the tail, and outside of the fore limbs and thighs; terminal half of tail black and tufted ; hands dark gveyish-brown ; base of the toes and their first halves brownish ; sides of the head and ventral aspect of the body bright rusty yellow. The inside of the fore limbs and lower half of the legs pale yellow. The hair of the crown cap longish and directed backwards; a tuft of long yellow hair below and behind the ears is directed forwards, as in S. cepha- lopterus. Khasi Hills. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 1ith May 1870, z. The skin of an adolescent female: darkest on the outside of the fore limbs; the hands and feet dark brown, with the exception of the great toe, which is yellow. The greyish of the posterior half of the back and the first half of the tail is suffused with yellow. The yellow-of the sides of the head and under parts is almost orange-yellow. Sibsdégar, Upper Assam. Presented by S. H. Peal, Esq., July 1870. j. The skin and skull of an adult female. The yellow of the sides of the head and under parts deep orange; outside’of the fore limbs suffused with pale orange ; lower half of hind limbs wholly orange-yellow, also the hinder portion of the thighs. Fingers yellow; dorsum of hand more or less blackish ; dorsum of feet yellow, darkest across the metacarpals. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. &. The skin of an adult female. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. 2. The skin of an adult male resembiing 4. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. m,. The skin and skull of an adult male, like 2, but darker. Samaguting, Assam, Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. 2. The skin of a young male, and itsskull. It resembles /, but is not so orange below. Hill Tracts, Arakan. Presented by the Zoological “Gardens, 23rd January 1878. SEMNOPITHECUS. 43 mr The skull of an adult male. Assam. Museum Collector, 2. The skull of a female, less the lower jaw. No history. g. An adult female skeleton. Arakan Hill Tracts. Pre- sented by the Zoological Gardens, 16th March 1878. 15. Semnopithecus cephalopterus. The lion-tailed monkey (6), Pennant, Syn. Quad. 1771, p. 109, pl. 108 fig. 2. La guenon 4 face pourpre, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p- 80, pl. xxi. The purple-faced monkey, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 1793, p. 199, pl. xliii. Cercopithecus senex, Eraleben, Systema Regni _ Animalis, 1%77, p. 24. Cercopithecus kephalopterus, Zimm., Geograph. Gesch. Bd. ii, 1780, p. 185. Simia veter, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt. i (1800), p. 36. Cercopithecus leucoprymnus, Otto, Nova Acta, Acad. Nat. Cur. Bd. xii, Pt. ii, 1825, p. 505. Semnopithecus fulvogriseus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. t. vii, 1825, p. 570. Semnopithecus nestor, Bennet, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1833, p. 67. Presbytes cephalopterus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm, 1843, p. 4; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, pp. 734, 1271; Cat. Mamm. As, Soc, Mus. 1862, p. 13. Presbytis ursinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xx, 1851, p. 155; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 13. Presbytes albinus, Kelaart, Prodromus Faune Zeylanice, 1852, 7, Sere diltetis kelaartii, Schlegel, Mus. d’Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas (Simia), 1876, p. 52. Semnopithecus cephalopterus et ursinus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, pp. 22, 24. Hab. Ceylon and its highlands, 15a, A stuffed adolescent female, No, 384A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Hairs of head longish and brown: eyebrows black ; beard and whiskers white; body black, with the exception of the sacral region, back and outside of the thighs, which are greyish, this colour most pronounced on the sacral region ; tail, for three-quarters of its extent greyish brown. Inside of thighs anterior to the callosities, and the last quarter of tail pale yellowish, almost white. Purchased, 1845. &, A stuffed young male, the same as the preceding, but the black hairs of the trunk tinged with greyish, and the yellowish at the base of the thighs absent. Purchased, 10th December 1866. 4.4 MAMMALIA. c. A stuffed adolescent female: tinged with greyish; the whiskers, below the ears, brown throughout the greater part of their extent, but white at the base. The yellow, anterior to the callosities, well developed. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., March 1868. d, A stuffed very young male: brownish black; no yellow area before the callosities. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 1870. e. Astuffed adult male, its skull, and the bones of its trunk: brown, with a large grey area in the sacral region and base of the thighs; hair on head brown and longish. Presented by the Barrackpore Menagerie, 1872, J. The skeleton of a female, No. 84E of Blyth’s Cata- logue, No history. g. The skull of a female, No. 34F of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. A, The imperfect skeleton of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th February 1871. a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 7th February 1877. j. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 7th November 1878. &. The skull of a young male. Purchased, 8th July 1879. 2. A young female, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 26th July 1879. m. A stuffed adolescent female, and its skull, No. 34B of Blyth’s Catalogue, Uniformly pale brown, except on the head, which is still paler yellowish brown; sacral region pale grey; hands and feet dark brown; a pale yellow area at the base of the thighs internally and before the callosities. Ceylon. Presented by R. Templeton, Esq., 1848. #. The skin and skull of an adolescent male, No. 34C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Rufous brown, but otherwise resembling the preceding specimen, only the inner aspects of the thighs appear to have been dark brown, with no yellow area at their base. Ceylon. Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq., 1813. o. A stuffed adolescent female : brown, passing into grey on the sacral region ; inside of the thighs darker than the outside; a pale yellow area at their base; head pale brown; beard and whiskers white. Purchased, Ist November 1866. Hill variety (S. ursinus, Blyth), yp. A stuffed adult male and skull, No. 338A of Blyth’s Cata- logue, Dark brown, passing into black on the hands and feet, SEMNOPITHECUS. 45 and into slightly paler brown on the head ; hardly perceptibly paler on the sacral region, but passing into greyish brown on the tail. Eyebrows long and: black; beard and whiskers white; fur profuse and long, and nearly 84 inches in length. Newara, Elia, Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E, F. Kelaart, 1847, g. Theskin of a young male, No. 33B of Blyth’s Catalogue ; paler brown than the preceding ; pale yellowish-brown on the head ; beard and whiskers white; sacral region and outside of thighs faintly paler brown. Newara, Elia, Ceylon. Pre- sented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1816. r. A stuffed young female, No. 33C of Blyth’s Catalogue ; resembling the last specimen, but with a pale yellow area on the inside of the base of the thighs anterior to the callosities, as in true S. cephalopterus. Mountains of Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1846. White variety (S. senex, Erxl.). s. A stuffed young female, No, 84D of Blyth’s Catalogue ; pale-yellowish white throughout, except on the head, which is faintly marked with brownish, and over the shoulders and the middle of the back, which are tinged with dusky. Ceylon. Presented by Dr, E. F. Kelaart, 1851. 16. Semnopithecus johnii. _Einiger affenarten, C. J. John, Berlin, Ges. Nat. Freunde N. Schr. Ba. i, 1795, pp. 211, 218. Cercopithecus johnii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 25. Semnopithecus cucullatus, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Zool. Voy. de Bélan- ger, 1834, p. 38, pl. I. Semnopithecus johnii, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soe. Lond. 2nd ed., 1838, p. 5; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, 21. Bemnonitheens jubatus, Wagner, Schreber, Saéugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 1840, . 305. Setmepitheaus cephalopterus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xiii, 1844, p- 469 (partim). Presbytis cucullatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxviii, 1859, p- 283; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 14. Presbytis jubatus, Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 8. Hab. Nilgiris to Travancore. 16a. A stuffed adult male, No. 385A of Blyth’s Catalogue: jet black; head brown with long hair, paler on the occiput, and similarly-coloured beard and whiskers; grey on the 46 MAMMALIA. sacral region and back of the thighs, less so on the tail, and no yellow at the base of the thighs. MBarrackpore Park Menagerie, 1844, 6. A stuffed adult female, No. 35B of Blyth’s Catalogue ; resembling the last, but with the yellow area at the base of the thighs, as in S. cephalopterus, Nilgiris. Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq., 1843. : ce. The flat skin and articulated skeleton of a female. Pur- chased, 15th November 1567. d, The skull of an adult male. The Rev. J. Baker. 17. Semnopithecus obscurus. Semnopithecus obscurus, Reid, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 14; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 25. 7 Semnopithecus obscurus, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 65. Presbytes obscura, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M.1843, p. 3; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 186%, p. 14. Semnopithecus leucomystax, Miiller and Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, . 59. éctinonithenns halonifer, Cantor, Proc. Linn. Soc, (1845), vol. i, 1849, p. 235. Hab. Malayan Peninsula and Siam. 17a. A stuffed adult male, and skull, No. 37A of Blyth’s Catalogue; dark brown on the sides of the body, slightly paler on the back; fore limbs dark brown, hind limbs paler greyish brown ; hands and feet black ; occiput with long, back- wardly directed, pale brownish-yellow hairs; whiskers brown and long; beard sparse and whitish. Malayan Peninsula. Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt, 1846. 6 & ¢c. A stuffed adult female and skull, No. 37B of Blyth’s Catalogue, and its young one: it resembles the previous speci- men, but the yellow of the head is more or less continued to the root of the tail as a broad yellowish-brown band ; the young male, probably No. 37D of Blyth’s Catalogue, is bright yel- low, and its tail is bushy towards its extremity. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. d. A stuffed half-grown male, No. 37C of Blyth’s Catalogue; pale brown, palest on the middle of the back ; pale area of head not so yellow as in adults. Presented by Mr. W. G. Moxon, 1856. e. Skin of a very young female, probably No. 37E of Blyth’s Catalogue : pale brown ; outside of hind limbs yellow- ish; tail dusky brown at base, bright yellow in the rest of its length ; occipital region pale yellowish-grey. Presented by the Rev. F. W, Lindstedt. SEMNOPITHECUS. 47 J. A stuffed young male, probably No. 37F of Blyth’s Catalogue : same age as preceding specimen; yellow, marked on the anterior half of the body with brownish, not obscuring the underlying yellow; the grey on the occiput showing faintly ; lower halves of fore limbs and hind feet brown. Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt. g. The skin of a somewhat older individual, No. 37G of Blyth’s Calalogue: passing from yellow into brown; the hind quarters and_ tail still yellow; occipital region bright grey. Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1854. 18. Semnopithecus maurus. The middle-sized black monkey, Edwards’ Gleanings, Nat. Hist. 1764, part iii, p. 221, pl. 311. La guenon négre, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p. 83. The Negro monkey, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed., 1793, . 206. Simnia maura, Schreber, Sdiugeth. Bd. i, 1775, p. 107, pl. xxiiB. Cercopithecus maurus, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p, 41. Semnopithecus maurus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. Nov. 1822, livy." xxxviii; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p- 27. Simia ceylonicus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. t. vii, 1825, p. 572. Semnopithecus edwardsii, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 15. Presbytes maura, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M, 1843, p. 3. Presbytes maurus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 735 ; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 13. ; Semnopithecus pyrrhus, Horsfd. Horsfield, Zool. Resch. Java, 1821 (plate). Presbytes pyrrhus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 3; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no. p. 10. Hab, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and Java. 18a, A stuffed adolescent male, and skull, No. 32A of Blyth’s Catalogue: yellowish at the base of the tail. Pur- chased, 1846-9. 4. The skin of an adolescent male and its skull, No. 32B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Purchased, 1846-49, ec. An adolescent female: yellow at the base of the tail and at the base of the thighs internally. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., August 1869. d. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent female. Sumatra. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th May 1873. e. The skin and skeleton of an adolescent male. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 5th August 1876. jf» The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young 48 MAMMALIA, female: yellow at the base of the tail beneath, and before and external to the callosities. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th January 1877. g. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male: no yellow at the tail or callosities. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 26th January 1877. hk. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., Ist October 1880. a. The skull of an adolescent female, No. 32C of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. j. The skeleton of a male, No. 87H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by Dr. Helfer, 1838.1 &, The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 24th November 1865. 7, A stuffed adult female: rich ferruginous ; the S. pyrrhus of Horsfield, Java, From the collection of the India Museum, London. Presented through the Trustees of the British Museum, 18th January 1880. 19. Semnopithecus barbei. Semnopithecus maurus, Helfer, Journ.As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvii, 1838, p. 858. Presbytis barbei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 734, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 14. Semnopithecus barbei, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 12. Hab. Tipperah ; Irrawadi Valley ; Tenasserim. 19a. A stuffed adult male and itsskull, No. 386A of Blyth’s Catalogue: blackish brown, except on the front of the shoulders and fore limbs, lower part of hind legs, the back and sides of the head, and the tail, which are greyish-brown. Hands, feet, eyebrows, and whiskers black, and the under parts nearly the same; dark greyish-brown on the lighter upper parts. Tipperah Hills.? Presented by the Rev. J. Barbe, 1845. 1 This skeleton was first determined by Pearson as the skeleton of a Negro monkey, S. maurus, Journ, As. Soc. Bengal, vol. vii (13), p. 669, but Blyth regarded it as probably belonging to S. obscurus. A comparison, however, of its skull with that of S. obscurus (a skull of which Blyth had not) proves it to be most nearly allied to this species. _ ® Blyth, in his description of this species, gives Tenasserim Province of Ye as the locality from whence he obtained his types, but in his Catalogue’ of Mammals (p. 14) Tipperah is given as the correct locality on the strength of information subsequently communicated by Mr, Barbe. SEMNOPITHECUS. 49 6. A stuffed adult female and its skull, No. 86B of Blyth’s Catalogue: the same as the preceding. Presented by the Rev. J. Barbe, 1845. ie A stuffed young male: paler than the adults, Purchased, d. The skin of an adult male: black with a wash of grey chiefly on the shoulders and brachium. Mooleyit Range, Tenasserim. Collected by Mr, Ossian Limborg, January 1877. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 11th December 1880. e. The skull of an adult male, killed in the 2nd defile of the Irrawadi. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Second Kxpe- dition to Western Yunnan, 1875. This species appears to be very closely allied to the next, and a larger series of specimens than is at my disposal will probably prove their identity. a 20. Semnopithecus phayrei. Semnopithecus phayrei, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. -xvi, 1847, p. 733, pl. xxxi, fig. 3, p. 1271; Anderson, Anat. ¢ Zvol. Resch. 1878, p- 34. Presbytis phayrei, Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 15. Hab, Avakan. 20a. A stuffed adult male, No. 838A of Blyth’s Catalogue, and skull: uniform brown, slightly paler on the shoulders and passing into dark blackish-brown on the antibrachium, and hands and feet; tail concolorous with the body ; white of the under parts scarcely extending on to the inside of the limbs; hair of head rather long, not radiating on the crown, directed outwards and backwards on the middle of the frontal region, and forming a vertical crest; whiskers ratherlong; a broad area around the eyes pure white ; nose black ; around lips fleshy white. The skull has the interorbital space of moderate length, the forehead rather full, but the supraorbital ridges are not strongly developed, whilst the external orbital angle of the frontal is rather prominent in adults. The greatest breadth of the orbits is from the external frontal angle obliquely down- wards and outwards across the orbit, whereas in S. dardec and &, obscurus the orbits are nearly round. The ridges marking the attachments of the temporal muscles do not meet on the middle line, but are separated by about an interval of an inch. The brain-case is upwardly tilted, so that the occipital region is nearly vertical, and associated with this there is a down- ward slope of the facial region. Arakan, Presented by Sir Arthur P, Phayre, 1844. D 50 MAMMALIA. 6. A stuffed young male, like the preceding, No. 88C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan. Presented by Major J. Abbot, 1844. ce. A stuffed young female, like the preceding, No. 38D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan, Presented by Major J. Abbot, 1844, d. A young male in alcohol. Akyab Hill Tracts. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 8th July 1877. e. A young female in aleohol. Akyab Hill Tracts. Pre- sented by the Zoological Gardens, 9th August 1877. 21. Semnopithecus holotephreus. ee holotephreus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 27. Hab. Unknown. Qla. A stuffed adult male, its skull and bones of the trunk : uniform dark slaty-grey, passing into black on the forearm and hands, and also on the feet; under parts and in- side of front limb and thighs pale yellowish grey. Head slightly crested over the vertex, but only with a feeble ten- dency to lateral compression, supraorbital hairs moderately long and black ; whiskers rather long, directed backwards and outwards, hiding the ears in front; face bluish black ; area around the eyes and lips white. The nasal region of the skull is rather prominent, nearly straight and moderately broad, with the orifice narrow and rather long. Supraorbital ridges are well developed, and the orbits are nearly round and of moderate size. The premax- illaries form a slightly expanded suture with the nasals. The last-mentioned bones are about half the lateral length of the premaxillaries. The palate has moderately broad margins, very slightly posteriorly convergent, The colour of this specimen has much faded since it was first described, and it now resembles 8. darbei, with which it may ultimately prove to be identical. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th October 1872. 22. Semnopithecus cristatus. Simia cristata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 244. Semnopithecus pruinosus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, (Suppl.) p. 533. Semnopithecus mitratus, Cuv., Reg. Animal, 1829, nouv. éd, t. i, p. 4 partim. SEMNOPITHECUS. 51 Semnopithecus cristatus, Miller, Tijdschr. voor Natuur., Geésch. en Phys. Dl. ii, 1835, pp. 316, 328; Anderson, Anat. g& Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 29. soot tutledgii, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p- 38. Hab, Sumatra and Borneo, 22a. A stuffed adult male: brownish black, tinged with fuliginous on the flanks, forearm, and crest; a short crest on the vertex directed backwards, and with long black hair on the temporal region directed forwards. Sumatra. Collected by Sir Stamford Raffles, and presented by him to the India Museum, London, as an example of S. eristatus. Presented by the India Museum, through the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 6. A stuffed adolescent female and its skull: black; the hairs tipped with lustrous grey on the head and trunk, and yellowish grey on the limbs, except on the hands and feet, which are black; hair of the under parts pale and more broadly tipped yellowish grey; tail black, tipped with grey above, under surface yellowish, especially at the root; hair very short on the sides of the head, where it is so broadly tipped with grey as to be almost white; medium crest erect and compressed ; front of forehead black, whiskers long, back- wardly and upwardly directed, and broadly tipped with yellow- ish grey. Face bluish black. Type of 8. rudledgii, Pre- sented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th September 1871. c. A skin of a young female, like the preceding, with its skull and the bones of its trunk ; but the under surface of the tail at the root quite yellow; crest but little defined, and front of the head jet black. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 14th December 1874. d. An adolescent female in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 21st February 1879. 23. Semnopithecus siamensis. Semnopithecus siamensis, Miiiler und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1844, p- 60; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 37. Semnopithecus albocinereus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xii, _ 1843, p. 175; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 15. Presbytes cinerea, Gray, Hand-list. Mam. B. M. 1843, p. 193. Semnopithecus nigrimauus, Js. Geoff St.-Hil., Arch. du Mus. t. ii, 1843, p. 546. Semnopithecus argentatus, Blyth, Horsfd., Cat. Mamm. BE. Ind. Co.’s Mus. 1851, p. 7. Semnopithecus cinereus, Mivart, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1864, p, 626, 52 MAMMALIA. Presbytes cristatus, (nec Raffles), Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengai, vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no., p. 9. Presbytes melanopus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, 1875, ex. no. p.9. Hab. Siam and Malayan Peninsula. 22a. A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 39A of Blyth’s Catalogue: brown, passing into rusty brown on the occipital portion of the crest, and into blackish brown on the parietal and frontal regions, on the hands and feet, and on the tail. Under parts, and the hinder two thirds of the outsides of the thighs, yellowish ; outside of tibial portion of limb greyish brown. The hair of the head radiating from two centres on the frontal, enclosing a short crest, forwardly directed, continuous with the higher peaked, laterally compressed, parieto-frontal crest. There are generally only four tubercles on the last molar of the lower jaw, but in one of the skulls in this Museum there is a distinct rudimentary fifth talon. ” Malacca. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. 6, A stuffed adult female and skull, No. 39B of Blyth’s Catalogue ; considerably paler than the preceding. Malacca. Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt, 1846. e. The skin of an adult female, No. 380 of Blyth’s Cata- logue : paler than the last specimen. Malacca. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. d. A stuffed young female, No. 88D of Blyth’s Catalogue. The brown colour is confined on the back by a well-defined area, the sides being yellowish. Last half of tail bushy and dark brown. Malacca. Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lindstedt, 1846. e. Skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th December 1878. 24. Semnopithecus femoralis. Simia maura, Raffles, Trans. Lin. Soc. vol, xiii, 1822, p. 247. Semnopithecus femoralis, Horsfield, Appendix, Life of Sir T. &. Raffies, 1880, p. 643; Anderson, Anat. g& Zool. Resch. 1878, . 30. Beruronibhies chrysomelas, Miiller, Tijdsch. voor. Natuur. Gesch. Di. v, pts. iand ii (1838), (Plate), p. 138. Semnopithecus sumatranus, Miller and Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839- 44, pp. 61, 73, tab. 10 bis, fig. 1 8. Simia femoralis, Cantor, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv, 1846, p. 175. Hab. Sumatra and Borneo. SEMNOPITHECUS, 53 24a. A stuffed adolescent female: blackish brown fabove, passing into black on the hands and feet; beard and all the under parts yellowish white, but with a greyish tint on the sides of the chest ; inside of the fore and hind limbs pure pale yellowish, running as a mere but prominent line to the wrists and ankles. A narrow, unsullied yellowish-white line down the centre of the chest and belly; tail greyish at the base underneath. Purchased, 11th December 1867. 2. A stuffed adult female like the preceding, and its skull, but the chest and belly are greyish black, with the exception of the narrow median yellow white line; the white on the inside of the limbs is confined to the brachium and thigh ; beard sparse and greyish. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 6th July 1869. e. Skin and bones of the trunk of a young female, like the preceding, but with the white of the inside of the fore limbs prolonged to the wrist. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th April 1876. 25. Semnopithecus melalophus. Semnopithecus melalophus, #. Cuv,, Hist. Nat. des. Mammif., t. ti, live", xxx. Juillet 1821, pl. iv; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 34. Semnopithecus flavimanus, Lesson, Cent. Zool. 1830, Augt. p. 109, ]. xb Bet mepithaads sumatranus, var. aurata, Miiller and Schlegel, Verhaudl, 1839-44, pl. x, bis, fig. 2, head of 2. Presbytes melalophus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 2. Presbytes flavimana, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 3. Presbytes nobilis, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1848, p. 3. Semnopithecus nobilis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M.,, 1870, p. 17. Hab. Sumatra. 25a. A stuffed young female, the skull and bones of the trunk ; uniform pale yellowish-white, except on the crest and back, which are marked with blackish brown; hands and feet yellowish ; facein life leaden bluish black, with whitish around the eyes and lips. Crest erect and laterally compressed. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th December 1874. b. Astuffed still younger female, and its skull: the same as the preceding. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th May 1875. ; ; ce. The skull of a female resembling a, but with outside of the limbs marked with orange-yellow, a black crest and the 54 MAMMALIA. back much darker. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th May 1875. d. Skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female: crest black in front and greyish behind ; the back much more darkly marked with blackish than the previous specimens ; pale rusty brown or yellow on the sides; outside of the limbs and hands yellowish ; tail pale yellowish-brown, marked with darker; under parts whitish. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 6th November 1874. e. The skin of an adolescent female and skull: equally dark on the back with the last specimen, but with less yellow on the sides and limbs. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th August 187. j. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male of the same coloration as d, but the feet yellower than the outside of the limbs, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 6th November 1875. g. The skin of an adolescent male, and its viscera in alco- hol: this specimen resembles d. Presented by Wm, Rutledge, Esq., 6th June 1876. h. The natural skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8th May 1876. z. The disarticulated skeleton of an adolescent female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th July 1875, j. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 20th October 1876. k, The skeleton of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 17th Octoher 1876. Z, An adult male in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th June 1879. Sus-Gexvus NASALIS, Geoff., 1812. 26. Semnopithecus (Nasalis) larvatus. Le Kahau, Wurmb, Batav. Genootsch. Verhand. Bd. iii, 1781, p. 145. La guenon Along nez, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1879, p. 53, pls. xi and xii. Le Kahau, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, Fam. iv, sect. ii, fig. i, 1797. The Proboscis Monkey, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol, i, pt. i (1800), pl. 22. Cercopithecus larvatus, TFurimh, op. cit. p. 145 Nasalis patina Geoff. St. -Hil,, Ann. du ihe t. xix, 1812, p. 91. Cercopithecus nasicus, Dieviirest Virey, Nouv. Di t. Thi t. Zool, t. xv, 1817, p. 574. s # i i as CERCOPITHECUS 55 Cercopithecus (Nasalis) nasicus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 55. Simia nasica, #. Cuv., Dict. des Sc. Nat. t. xx, 1821, p. 32. Semnopithecus nasicus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat. t. vii, 1825, p. 570. Nasalis recurvus, Vigors & Horsfield, Zool. Journ, vol. iv, 1828-29, p. 109 (fig. head). Semnopithecus larvatus, Fischer, Syn. Mam. 1829, p. 16. Simia nasalis, Martin, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1837, p. 70. Rhynchopithecus larvatus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, . 93, pl. iv. Ser nepahoons (Nasalis) larvatus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 42. Hab. Borneo. 26a. The skin of an adult female. Purchased, 30th April 1878. ; 6. A stuffed adolescent female, its skull, and the bones of its: trunk. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 19th November 1878. e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a. young male: the sacral spot grey. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th July 1879. d. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female: penultimate molar appearing. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 8th July 1880. Genus COLOBUS, Illiger, 1811. 27. Colobus guereza. Colubus guereza, Riippell, Neue. Wirb. p, 1. pl. 1, 1835. Guereza riippellii, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p- 19. Hab, Abyssinia. 27a. The skin of an adult male. Shoa, Abyssinia. Pre- sented by W. Ganslandt, Esq., Aden, lst March 1880. II.—Svuzs-Famity CERCOPITHECIN. Genus CERCOPITHECUS, Erxleben, 1777. 28. Cercopithecus pygerythrus. Simia pygerythrus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr." xxiv, Jan. 1821. Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Desm., Mamm. Suppl. 1822, p. 534, 7 Cercopithecus lalandii, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Archiv. du Mus. t. ii, 1843, p. 561. 56 MAMMALIA. Cercopithecus faunus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 10. Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 25. Hab. South Africa, Cape of Good Hope, banks of the Zambesi and Batoka, and Mozambique. 28a. A stuffed adult male, No. 23A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1857. 6. A stuffed adult male, considerably darker and without the yellowish tint on the back and sides, but in other respects resembling this species. Purchased, 1865. e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male : resembling 312, and like the last specimen, but with a blue scrotum. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th November 1876. ad, The skin of an adult male, and its skull: resembling the last specimen. This animal lived for some years in the Zoological Gardens, and bred with its female, the face of the young animal being white. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 29th May 1880. : e. A stuffed adolescent male. Purchased, 28th July 1869. 29. Cercopithecus sabezeus. Le grivet, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif., t. i, livr." vii,. Juin 1819. Simia sabaea, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 38, No. 18, non Syn. Edwards (nec Cercop. sabaeus, auct. recent.) Cercopithecus sabeus, Js. Geoff. St-Hil., Compt. Rend. de @? Acad. de Sc. 1850, p. 874; Cat. Method. des Mammif. 1851, . 22. Go sa iheutia griseoviridis, Desm., Mamm. 1822, p. 61. Cercopithecus engythithea, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, 10. p. 1U. . Chlorocebus engythithea, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M,, 1870, p. 26. Hab. Abyssinia. 29a. A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 22A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by C. C. Egerton, Esq., 1836. 6. A young female, stuffed, No. 22B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Cape de Verde Islands. Purchased, 1847, ¢. An adolescent male, partially stuffed, in bad condition; rather grey, but broadly punctulated with yellow. No. 244 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Abyssinia. Presented by Dr. E. Riippell, 1856. CERCOPITHECUS. 57 d. The skin of an adult male: much more yellow than the preceding individual; tail pale yellow; white below, and with a well-marked yellowish terminal tuft. Adigrat, Tigré, Abyssinia, 8,000 feet, April 1868. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. e. The skeleton of an adult male. Anseba Valley, Abys- sinia, 4,000 feet. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. J. A skull, by exchange with H. Lydekker, Esq., 5th December 1877. g. The skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Hsq., 24th February 1880. 30. Cercopithecus albogularis. Cercopithecus albogularis, Fraser, Zool. Typica, pl. 2. 1848-49. Semnopithecus albogularis, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1832, p, 18. Cercopithecus monoides, Js. Geoff. St-Hil., Compt. Rend., t. xv, p. 1038; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng., 1863, p. 10. Hab. East Africa. 30a. A stuffed young female, No. 25A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1853. 6. A stuffed young male: the callosities surrounded by a narrow line of deep rusty, which extends on to the under surface of the base of the tail. Purchased, 16th March 1866. e. The skin, skull, hyoid and bones of the trunk of a fine adult male ; no rufous around the callosities or on the under parts of the tail. The white of the side of the neck and between the arms anteriorly extending well up the side of the neck as an imperfect collar, Purchased, 26th November 1875. d. The skeleton of a young male. Purchased, 5th June 1869. e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male. Purchased, 17th June 1878. 31. Cercopithecus mona. La mone, Audebert, Singes, 1797, Fam. iv, Sect. 11, fig. 7. Simia mona, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777-8, p. 32; Schreber, Stiugeth. Suppl. pl. i, p. 97, 1840, pl.15; F. Cuv., Hist. Nat, des Mammif. t. i. livy". ix, Aoit 1819. Hab. West Africa. 8la. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. Purchased, 8th June 1878. 53 MAMMALIA. 6. An adult male in alcohol. Presented by Wm, Rut- ledge, Esq., 25th February 1879. . e, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male, Purchased, 27th November 1879. d. The skeleton of an adult, Senegal. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 82. Cercopithecus leucampyx. Diane femelle, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. vol. iii, livr." xlii, Juin 1824, Simia leucampyx, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 20. Cercopithecus diadematus, fs. Geoff. St.-Hil., Voyage de Bélanger, 1830, p. 51. Cercopithecus pluto, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 57, fig. pl. 3. Hab. West Africa. 32a. A skull bisected. By exchange with H. Lydekker, Esq., 5th December 1877. 6. The skeleton of an adult female. Angola. By ex- change, 21st January 1879. ; ce. The skeleton of a female, by exchange, 2lst January 1879. 33. Cercopithecus ruber. Simia patas, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777-78, p. 34; Schreber, Stugeth. Bd. i, 1774, p. 98, pl. 16. Simia rubra, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1788, pp. 34-42. ; Cercopithecus ruber, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Lables des Quad. 1812; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng. 1863, p. 11. Chlorocebus ruber, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 25. Hab. West Africa. 33a. A skull of an adolescent, No. 26A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. b. The skin, skull, and bones of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th January 1879. ; e, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 27th October 1880. 34. Cercopithecus petaurista. Simia petaurista, Ereleben, Syst: Reg. Nat. 1777-78, p, 35; Schreber, Sdugeth. 1774, bd. 1, p. 103, pl. 19B. . MACACUS, 59 Cercopithecus ascanias, Awdebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes et Makis, Fam. iv, Sect. ii, fig. xiii; Schreber, Séugeth. pl. 190. Hab. West Africa. 34a, The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th October 1878. 35. Cercopithecus diana. La diane, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. v, Sect. 2, pl.6. Simia diana, Hraxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, 3p. 30; Linn, Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 38. Hab. West Africa. 350. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th July 1878. 4,. The skeleton of a young male. Purchased, 18th May 1879. Genus CERCOCEBUS, Geoffroy, 1812. 36. Cercocebus fuliginosus. Mangabey, Audebert, Singes, Fam. iv, Sect. ii, p. 15, pl. 9. Cercopithecus fuliginosus, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820-24, p. 14, Cercocebus fuliginosus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus. t. xix, p. 28. Hab. West Africa. 36a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adoles- cent male. Purchased, 9th May 1879. 6. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 14th October 1880. Genus MACACUS, Lacépede, 1803. 37. Macacus sinicus. Le bonnet chinois, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1766, pp. 224, 241, pl. xxx. The Chinese Monkey, Pennant, Hist. Quad., vol. i, 1793, p. 209. Simia sinica, Lin., Mantissa Plant. 1771, p. 521. Cercopithecus sinicus, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. Al. Cynocephalus sinensis, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.) t. xxxvi (1809), p. 293. Cercocebus radiatus, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. 1812, t. xix, p. 98. Pithecus radiatus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xvii (1817), p. 325. 60 MAMMALIA. Simia sinica, #. Cue, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Juin 1820, livy." xviii, Cercopithecus radiatus, Kuhl, Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p. 13. Inuus (Cercocebus) radiatus, Wagner, Schreber, Stugeth. Suppl. bd. i, 1840, p. 140. ; Macacus sinicus, Blyth, Journ. As.- Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 1272; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 90. Inuus (Macacus) sinicus, Wagner, Schreber, Stugeth., Suppl. Bd. v, 1855, p. 56. : Sihee (Macacus) sinicus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Rég. An, 1856, pp.117,119. : Macacus radiatus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 8;. Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 12. Hab. Southern India. 37a. A stuffed adult male; uniform olive brown above and on the outside of the limbs and upper surface of the tail. The laterally divided hair on the forehead dark brown, passing into greyish brown on the sacral region in reflected lights. Under parts pale greyish-yellow. Purchased, 12th June 1870. 6. A stuffed adult male like the last. Madras. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 21st February 1866. ce. A stuffed adult male, about the same age as the preceding, but darker, more especially on the root of the tail and on the groin. Purchased, 27th December, 1867. d. A stuffed half-grown female, No. 18A of Blyth’s Catalogue: darker than any of the preceding males. Pur- chased, 1844. e. A stuffed female, about -the same size as the last, but paler. Purchased, 5th March 1868. J. A stuffed younger female, and its skull: darker than any of the foregoing animals, No. 19 of Blyth’s Catalogue, but not entered by him in his list. Sent from Formosa by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859.* The skull of this specimen, No. 19A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. g. A stuffed young female, slightly paler than 7. Pur- chased, September 1866. 4, The skin of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th January 1875. i. The natural skeleton of a young female: 12D, 6L, 38S, and 28C vertebre. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th January 1875. j. The natural skeleton of an adolescent female. Pur- chased, 3rd June 1&63. k. The disarticulated skeleton of a young animal, Pur- chased, 25th September 1866. ? Journ. As, Soc. Beng. vol, xxix, p. 87. MACACUS. 61 2. The skull of an adult male. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1865. m. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Raja Rajendra Lal Mullick, Bahadur, 7th December 187+. z. A newly-born male in alcohol, bred in the Zoological Gardens, from a pair brought from Madras. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 22nd June 1880. 38. Macacus pileatus. The Rilawa, Knox, Hist. Rel. Ceylon, 1681, ch. vi, p. 25. La guenon couronnée, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p. 61, pl. xvi (juv.) The Rillow, Pennant, Hist. Quad. vol. i. 8rd ed. 1793, p. 209. Le bonnet chinois, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. iv, sect. ii, fig. 11. The Rollewai, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng, vol. xiii, 1844, p. 476, Simia pileata, Shaw, Gent. Zool. vol. i, pt. i, 1800, p. 53. Cercocebus sinicus, Is, Geoff. St.Hil., Ann. du Mus. t, xix, 1812, p. 98. Pithecus sinicus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, 1817, . 324. Rabecpithonne sinicus, Kuhl, Beitr. zur Zool. 1820, p. 13. Macacus sinicus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 64. Inuus (Cercocebus) sinicus, Wagner, Schreber, Séugeth. Suppl. Bad. i, 1840, p. 189. Macacus pileatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p. 1272; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p.9; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 91. Inuus (Macacus) pileatus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. v (1855), p. 55. Pithecus (Macacus) pileatus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 117 & 119. Hab. Ceylon. 38a. A stuffed adolescent male, No. 19A of Blyth’s Cata- logue: rich orange or rufous brown. Ceylon. Presented by R. Templeton, Esq., 1848. 6, A stuffed adolescent female, No. 19B of Blyth’s Cata- logue: not so richly coloured as the last. Ceylon. Present- ed by R. Templeton, Esq., 1848. c. A skull, imperfect. Ceylon. Presented by E. L, Layard, Esq. d. Askull. Ceylon. Presented by HE. L. Layard, Esq. 39. Macacus cynomolgus. Le Macaque, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1776, p. 190. The Philippine monkey, Pennant, Syn. Quad. 1771, p. 121. 62 MAMMALIA. Simia cynomolgus, Lin., Syst. Nat. 12”° éd., vol. i, 1766, p. 38. Cercopithecus cynomolgus, Eraleben, Syst. Rég. Animal, 1777, p. 28. Cynocephalus cynomolgus, Latr., Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini-ed.), t. xxxvi, 1809, p. 292. Cercocebus cynomolgus, Geoff. St.-Hil., An. du Mus, t. xix (1812), p. 99. Pithecus cynomolgus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, 1817, p. 323. Macacus cynomolgus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr”. iii, Fév. 1819; Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 9; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 73. Simia fascicularis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. xiii, 1822, p. 246. : Macacus carbonarius, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr".1. ii, Oct. 1825 ; Cat. Mamm. As. Soe. Mus. 1863, p. 9. Macacus aureus, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Zool. Voy. de Bélanger, 1834, p. 58, Cercopithecus cynosurus, Helfer, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vii, 1838, p. 858. Semnopithecus buku, Martin, Mag. Nat, Hist. (Charlesworth), vol. li, new ser. 1838, p. 435. Semnopithecus fascicularis, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Zool, Soc. Mus. Lond. 1838 (2nd ed.), p. 4. Inuus (Cercocebus) cynomolgus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Ba. i, 1846, p. 135. Inuus (Cercocebus) aureus, Wagner, Schreber. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 1840, p. 138. Semnopithecus kra, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 65. Macacus auratus, Miller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, p. 49. Macacus philippensis, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. Méthod. des Mammif. 1851, p. 29. Inuus (Macacus) cynomolgus, Wagner, WSchreber, Saugeth. Suppl. Ba. v, 1855, p. 52. Inuus (Macacus) palpebrosus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1855, p. 54. Pithecus (Macacus) cynomolgus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Rég. An. 1856, pp. 118, 120. Pithecus (Macacus) aureus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Rég. An. 1856, pp. 118, 120. . Pithecus (Macacus) philippensis, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool, Fam. Rég. An. 1856, pp. 118, 120. Macacus fur, Slack, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelph. 1867, p. 36 (plate). Macacus cristatus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 30. Macacus assamensis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 31. Hab. Ivrawadi valley, Burma, through Malayan Penin- sula and islands ; Siam. . 39a. A stuffed adult male and skull, No. 20A of Blyth’s MACACUS. 63 Catalogue: this has evidently been a Menagerie specimen. Faded, but brownish-olive above with a slight rufous yellow tint, brightest on the head ; yellowish grey on the sides of the head and on the feet. Purchased, 1844. 6. A mounted ferine adult male and its skull: olive brown above, passing into a greyish olive on the outside of the limbs : dark olive-brown on the frontal region, and greyish around the face, which is covered with short hairs; beard and whiskers rather profuse and greyish ; fingers and toes dark brown ; face dusky fleshy ; upper eyelids white; tail brownish above in its first third, olive yellowish below and pale brownish-olive in its last two thirds; under parts greyish, differing but little in tint from the outside of the limbs, but the hairs not annulated ; tail nearly as long as the body; hair of head smooth and directed backwards. Desertion Creek, Elephant Point, banks of Irrawadi, near Rangoon. Presented by J. Armstrong, Esq., 27th January 1876. ec. The skin and skull of an adult ferine male, like the last specimen. Arakan. Procured by the Museum Collector, 1871. d. The skin of a wild adult male. Tenasserim. Houng- darau, Maulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. e. The skin of a wild adult male. Tenasserim, Houng- darau, Moulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. J. The skin of a wild young male. Tenasserim. Houng- darau, Maulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 10th December 1880. g. The skin of a wild female, Tenasserim. Houngdarau, Maulmain District. Collected by Mr. Limborg. Presented by Dr. J, Anderson, 10th December 1880. A.-The skull of a male, but not fully grown. No. 20D of Blyth’s Catalogue. z. The skull of an adult female, No. 21E of Blyth’s Cata- logue: teeth large. Regarded by Blyth as a skull of J carbonarius. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 1843. j. The skull of an adult male. No history. &. The skull of an adult male. No history. Z. The skull of an adult female, No. 20E of Blyth’s Cata- logue. No history. m. The skull of an adult female, No. 21D of Blyth’s Cata- logue, Arakan. Presented by Sir A. P. Phayre, 1843, 64 MAMMALIA. n, The natural skeleton of a young animal. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, April 1866. Smaller var. (If. carbonarius). o. A stuffed adult male and its skull: rich yellowish-brown, darkest on the head, paler onthe outside of the limbs; tail brown above at base, greyish yellow throughout the greater part of its extent; temporal region and sides of the face greyish, also the under parts of the body. No, 21A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Purchased, 1844. p. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull: all the teeth through; the animal, however, is smaller than 0; brownish olive, passing into grey on the sides of the head, lower half of the hind limbs, and under surface and inside of the limbs; long black superciliary hairs; upper eyelids bluish white; face and ears black ; tail black at the base, brown olive in the remainder, and greyish yellow below. Purchased, December 1865. gq. A stuffed adult male and its skull: rather bright rusty red-brown on the head, nape, shoulders, and back, as far as the loins; passing into brown on the loins and into black on the upper surface of the tail in its proximal third ; supraorbital hairs black ; temporal region and sides of the head and beard greyish; outside of the limbs dark olive-brown, speckled with ‘black ; inside of the limbs, under aspect of the trunk, and rest of the tail below and above greyish. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 12th June 1870. r, A stuffed young male and its skull: brown above, yel- low speckled ; olive grey on the outside of the limbs; tail blackish above and in its first portion, greyish below and in the rest of its extent ; supraorbital hairs and some on the fore- head black ; temporal region and sides of the head greyish; under parts greyish. Purchased, 16th October 1868. s. A stuffed adult female and its skull: dark olive-brown, speckled with yellowish and black ; paler on the limbs; black- ish on the base of the tail above, rest of the tail greyish yel- low ; head coloured as in the last specimen ; whiskers rather long. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th March 1868. t. A stuffed adolescent female and skull: the same as the last specimen, but the tail darker, being nearly brown. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 17th April 1868. w. A stuffed young male and skull: resembling 437, but greyer on the limbs, Purchased, 17th April 1870. v. A stuffed young male and skull, No. 21B of Blyth’s MACACUS. 65 Catalogue : uniform rich brown, darkest on the head and back, and brightest on the outside of the hind legs ; black supraor- bital hairs, with blackish hairs on the cheeks; under parts yellowish, with an orange tint; tail yellowish brown, dark brown above ; the fur has a faint trace of yellowish annulations. Arakan. Presented by Capt. J. Abbott, 1844, w. A stuffed young female and skull, No. 20C of Blyth’s Catalogue: yellowish brown, with an olive tinge and richly punctulated with yellow, paler on the limbs and darkening on the middle of the head, on which the hairs have broad black tips; supraorbital hairs black; sides of the head yellow- ish ; under parts yellowish white. Timor. Presented by W. H. Benson, Esq., 1846. z. A stuffed young female and skull, No. 20B of Blyth’s Catalogue: dark fuliginous brown, with a slightly rusty tinge on the hind limbs ; under parts yellowish ; the hairs show only a faint trace of commencing anaulations on the head, which is still less marked on the trunk. Nicobar Islands. Presented by Capt. Lewis, 1846. y. The skeleton of a young male. This animal was brown above, the hairs on the anterior half of the head being broad- ly tipped with black; the sacral region and outside of the thighs were washed with blackish; tail black above, in its first two thirds, under surface yellowish white. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 25th September 1871. z. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult female resembling 399. Presented by G. Nevill, Esq., Ist July 1873. aa. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult female, like last specimen. Presented by Wm, Rutledge, Esq., 9th July 1878. 6b. The flat skin and skeleton of a female that resembled M. aureus, Is. Geoff. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq: ec. A very young female, in alcohol ; long hair on the crown of the head, tending to form a crest. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 9th September 1378. dd. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male of the rufous variety. 'l'his specimen was the parent of a hybrid, bred in the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, from M. rhesus. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 5th August 1878. ee. The skin and skull of an adolescent male: general colour dark. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th October 1880. ff. A very young male, in alcohol: blackish brown above, brown on the outside of the limbs and tail, and yellow below ; E 66 MAMMALIA. hair on the head rather long, but backwardly directed in two lines, one on either side of mesial line of frontal. Temples nearly bare. These are essentially the characters of extreme youth in this species. Purchased, 10th October 1867. - gg. A young male, in alcohol, and its skull. Purchased, 26th May 1870. hh. A young female, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 29th September 1871. aw. Afcetus in alcohol. Penang. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, October 1870. jj. A young male, in alcohol: dark coloured. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 19th July 1879. ké. The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 6th Au- gust 1868. “i. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, July 1866. mm. The skull of a young female. Purchased, 20th De- cember 1867. nn. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 4th Janu- ary 1868. oo. The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 8th January 1870. pp. The skeleton of a young animal. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, January 1872. gq. The skull of an adult female. Purchased. 40. Macacus silenus. L’Ouanderou, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1766, p. 174, pl. xviii. The Lion-tailed Monkey (a), Pennant, Syn. Quad, 1771, p. 109, pl. 120, fig. 1. Simia leonina Shaw, Gent. Zool. vol. i, pt. i, 1800, p. 34. Simia silenus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., vol. i, 1766, p. 36. Simia veter, Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. vol. i, 13th ed. 1788, p. 30. Cercopithecus silenus, Hraleben, Syst. Reg. An.1777 (partim), p. 26. Cercopithecus veter, Eraxleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 24. Cercopithecus vetulus, Braleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 25. Simia ferox, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol. i, pt.1 (1800), p. 30, pl. xvi. Papio silenus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 102- soe silenus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, (1817), p. 321. Macacus silenus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 63; Anderson, Anat. G Zool. Resch, 1878, p. 938. Inuus (Maimon) silenus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Bd. i, 1840. p. 141, pls. xi B and xi, xi*. Silenus veter, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 8. Pithecus (Macacus) silenus, Dahibom, Ind. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 116, 119, MACACUS. 67 Inuus silenus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus, 1863, p. 7; Jerd., Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 10. Hab. Southern India. 40a. A stuffed adult male and skeleton, No. 12 A and D of ae Catalogue. Barrackpore Menagerie. Presented, 843. 6. A stuffed adolescent male, No. 12B of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq., 1848. c. A stuffed young female. Purchased, 1849. No. 20C of Blyth’s Catalogue. d. The skin, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male. Purchased, 22nd October 1875. e. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adoles- cent male. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 19th December 1876. Jf. The skull of an adolescent female. Purchased, 12th February 1866. 41. Macacus rhesus. Le macaque & queue courte, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p. 56, pl. xiii. A supposed new monkey, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 529 (figs. of skull). Le rhesus, (Simia rhesus) Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, Fam. ii, sect. i, pl. 1. The wrinkled baboon, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt. 1, 1800, p. 33. The bandar, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. 1832, vol. i, p. 339. Simia erythrea, Schreber, Séugeth. 1775, pl. viii c. Macacus erythreus, Is. Geoff., Cut. Méthod. des Mammif. 1851, . 30. Wrens rhesus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 66, pl. vii, fig. 2 (Buffon); Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 55. Inuus (Maimon) erythreus, Wagner, Schreber Stéugeth. Suppl. bd. ' i, 1840, p. 142, pl. viii, ¢. (fig.; Buffon, ix, B.) Papio rhesus, Ogilby, Madr, Journ. Lit. & Se. vol. xii, 1840, . 144. ree (pithex) oinops, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. ix, 1840, p. 1212, fig. head, p. 1213. Macacus oinops, Gray, Hand-List Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 8. Inuus (rhesus) erythreus, Wagner, Schreber, Séugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 1855, p. 56. Pitheous (Macacus) erythreus, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 116, 119. : Inuus assamensis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxiv, 1865, . 192. 2 Simia fulva, Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i, pt. 1, 1800, p. 57. Inuus rhesus, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. - 101; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng, 1863, p. 8; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 11. , 68 MAMMALIA. Pitheous rhesus, Desm., Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. t. xviii, 1817, . 326. ; Macseus erythreus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. Oct. 1819, live” xi 2 et juv.; March 1821, livr” xxvi 6; May 1821, livy” xxviii @ March 1825, livr” xlviii. Hab. India generally and ascending, the Himalaya to 7,000 feet and upwards (Simla and Nepal) ; extending into Assam, Arakan, and through Upper Burma to the Province of Yunnan, Western China. 4la. A stuffed adult male, No. 15A of Blyth’s Catalogue (domesticated) : rufous on the hind limbs and hind quarters. No history. 6 A stuffed adult ferine male, No. 15B of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Brown anteriorly and on the top of the head, greyish on the sides of the head; washed with rufous on ‘the hind uarters and hind limbs; greyish yellow below; tail well clad. Sundarbans. No history. e. A stuffed domesticated male, No. 15C of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Monstrously. obese; uniform yellowish brown ; bright rusty yellow on the hind quarters. No history. d. A stuffed very young animal. The young of No. 15D of Blyth’s Catalogue : reddish brown on the body, passing into brown on the head ; hair not annulated. No history. e. The skin and skull of an adult wild male: uniform brown on the upper surface of the body and tail; pale greyish brown on the under parts, and on the limbs; no rufous on the hind quarters; an almost black band of supraorbital hairs; moustachial hairs and those of the beard black ; the skull fully adult. It differs from the skull of YW. assa- mensis in its more elevated orbits, narrower interorbital space and shorter muzzle, besides being smaller in every way than the skull of that species. The extreme length of this skull is 5” 19, while the skull No. 42a, that of a male which has only its permanent incisors cutting, the last molar being still in its socket, is already 5’°54. Tke maximum breadth of this adult male skull across the zygomatic arches is 3-30, and that of the much younger skull of A/. assamensis 3°°63. This specimen and its skull are described in Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 529, skull figured. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1878. jf. A stuffed nearly adult ferine male: yellowish grey- brown, passing into fawn on the hind quarters and on the outside of the hind limbs; tail bushy at base and black tipped. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 11th May 1870. MACACUS. 69 g. The skin and the skull of an adult male: like the last, but darker on the front of the forehead, which is almost black. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. h. The skin and the skull of an adolescent male: rusty yellow posteriorly. Sundarbans. Museum Cullector, 26th April 1870. z. The skin and the skull of an adolescent male, like the preceding, but not so dark on the fove quarters. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. j» The skin and the skull of a younger male: bright yel- low posteriorly. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. &. The skin of a young male: brown on the head and the middle of the back, unannulated brownish yellow on the sides, and bright rusty yellow on the hind quarters, tail and out- side of the thighs. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. Z. The skin and the skull of an adolescent female, like the last. Sundarbans. Museum Collector, 26th April 1870. m. The skin and the skeleton of an adolescent female: long black supraorbital hairs, and a whorl of black hairs on the sides of the head; hinder half of body bright rufous. This specimen (8) is the subject from which the figure, pl. i, in my Anat. and Zool. Resch. was taken. Kakhyen Hills. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. n. The skin and the skeleton of an adolescent female: black supraorbital hairs very sparse, and only a few black hairs on the sides of the head; hinder half of the body and outside of hind legs rufous. This specimen is a of the Anat. and Zool. Resch. Hotha Valley. Dr. J, Anderson. Pre- sented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. o. The skin of a young male: black supraorbital hairs and on the sides of the head as in 41”; body generally yellowish, brick-red on the hind quarters and down the outside of the thighs ; upper surface of the head brownish ; antibrachium olive brown; tail rufous at base, brownish above and yellow- ish below. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 4th October 1872. p. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th January 1876. gq. The skeleton of a female. Parchased, 22nd February 1867. r. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Purchased, 16th April 1868. 70 MAMMALIA. s. The skeleton of an adult female. Purchased, 5th August 1869. t. The flat skin and skeleton of an adolescent female. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 7th May 1570. w. The skeleton of an adult female: a remarkably large and deep depression on the frontal over the left orbit. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, July 1876. v. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, July 1876. w. The skullof an adult male. Purchased, 28rd September 1869. x. The skull of an adult male. Presented by Dr. J. Ander- son, July 1876. y. The skull of an adult male. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 17th August 1576. z. A young male, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 23rd September 1578. 42. Macacus assamensis. Macacus assamensis, McClelland, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1839, p- 148; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 64; nec fem. = M. leoninus; Blyth Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Bengal, 1863, p. 8. Papio assamensis, Ogilby, Royle’s Ill. Him. Bot. Mamm. 1840, . lix. Macacus (Pithex) pelops, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. ix, 1840, p. 1213; ébid., vol. x, p. 908. Macacus pelops, Schinz, Syn. Mamm., vol. i, 1844, p- 60. Inuus (rhesus) pelops, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 1855, p. 56. Inuus (rhesus) assamensis, Wagner, Schreber, Siugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 1855, p. 57. Inuus assamensis, Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxiii, 1864, Appendix, p. xiii. Inuus pelops, Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxiii, 1864, Appendix, p. xii; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 11. Macacus problematicus, Gray, Cat. Munkeys and Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 128. Macacus rheso-similis, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1872, p. 495, pl. xxv (juv). Hab. Himalaya, Assam, and Upper Burma. 42a. The skin and skull of an adult male; the tail has about the same proportion to the body as in IL. rhesus; general colour rusty brown above, darkest over the shoulders and palest on the hind quarters and on the outside of the limbs, in which the brown is less marked; head with an MACACUS. res orange tint, bat many of the hairs with black tips; super- cilium and an area for the eyes to the ears more or less black, and the upper halves of the ears feebly black tufted, and their lower halves clad with grey hairs; under parts yellowish grey. The species is much larger than MW. rhesus and more powerfully and more compactly built, and more like a pig- tailed monkey in these respects. The muzzle is long and the face pale fleshy. Obtained near Bhamo, Upper Burma, Second Expedition, Western Yunnan, 1575, and presented by Dr. J. Anderson to the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, where it lived until the 19th January 1831. 6. The skin and skull of a young male: uniform brown, darkest on the back. Mishmi Hills, Assam. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 6th June 1876. 43. Macacus leoninus. Macacus nemestrinus (?) Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1844, vol. xiii, p- 473. Inuus arctoides, (?) Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1847, vol. xvi, p. 731 Macacus leoninus, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. &§c. 1878, p. 52. Macacus assamensis, Anderson, op. cit., p. 65, female figs. 7 & 8, nec, en Helfer, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vii, 1838, p. 858. -Macacus andamanensis, Bartlett, Land and Water, Jwy 24, 1869, vol. vili, p. 57. 3 Inuus leoninus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no. p- 4; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 7. Hab. Avakan, and the valley of the Ivrawadi. 43a. The skin of an adult male, No. 14A of Blyth’s Cata- logue, and the type of the species: a short-legged powerful monkey, with long hair on the shoulders and on the humeral portion of the fore limb, and much shorter hair on the post- scapular area of the trunk; tail about one third the length of the trunk and head, and somewhat tufted at its tip; hair much annulated with brown and yellow, producing a yellowish brown tint, darkening on the hands and feet to brown, with but few annulations in these localities; hair on mesial line of head brown to the occiput, greyish external to this on the forehead and around the face and ears, but a pale brownish band pasess down to the orbito-malar angle above the ear ; whiskers, and pale brown of head, feebly annulated pale brown and greyish yellow; beard and whiskers well deve- loped, especially the Jatter, which are continuous with the 72 MAMMALIA. long hair before the shoulder; belly anc hind quarters clear pale yellowish with a tinge of grey ; lower half of inside of limbs annulated as on the external surface ; tail almost black above and with the tuft rich rusty yellow, its under surface concolorous with the hind quarters. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 1844. 6. The flat skin and the skeleton of an adolescent male: bright rusty rufous brown on the outside of the bind limbs and lower portion of the sides, which are but little annulated ; tail brown above, no rufous. ‘This specimen had lived some time in captivity. Purchased, December 1567. e. The skin and skeleton of an adult female, with its foetus in utero in alcohol: like the male, but wanting the brown on the head, the hair of which is but little annulated pale greyish- brown; whiskers forming a ruff, continuous with the well- developed beard ; tail pale yellowish-brown, under parts grey- ish. ‘The skull figured as female of M. assamensis, Anat. and Zool. Resch., figs. 7 & 8, p. 66. Second defile of the Irrawadi below Bhamo, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson, 3rd March 1875. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan. d, The skull of an adult male, regarded by Blyth as the skull of JL. rhesus. No. 15¥F of his Catalogue. This is pro- bably the skull of the skin 43a. e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a young male. Perak. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 6th January 1878. 44, Macacus nemestrinus. The Pig-tailed Monkey, Edwards, Gleanings, gc. 1758, tab. 24, vol. i, pp. 8, 10. Le Maimon ou Singe& queue de cochon, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiv, 1766, pp. 176, 179, pl. xix. The Pig-tailed Baboon, Pennant, Syn. Quad. 1771, p. 105; Hist. Quad. vol. i, 3rd ed. 1793, p. 193. Le Maimon, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, 2"° fam., sect. i, pL. ii. Simia nemestrina, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i, 1766, p. 35. Papio nemestrina, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 20. Cynocephalus nemestrinus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sonnini ed.) 1809, t. xxxvi, p. 291. Tnuus nemestrinus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. 1812, vol. xix, p- 101; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 7. Pithecus nemestrinus, Desmarest, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat. 1817, t. xviii, p. 325. : Macacus nemestrinus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Aott 1820, ae ea baie 1822, livr’. xxxvi; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 77. Sisnia carpolegus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol, xiii, 1822, p. 243. MACACUS. 713 Innus (Rhesus) nemestrinus, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 1855, p. 57. Pithecus (Macacus) nemestrinus, Dahkibom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 115, 118. Hab. Malayan Peninsula, south of Tenasserim, Sumatra and Borneo. 44a, A stuffed adult male: deep black on the vertex and from the shoulder to the tail, the upper surface of which is also black: the black of the head extends in a narrow line downwards, before the ear ; fur short on the shoulders. Pur- chased, 13th July 1867. 6. A stuffed adult male and its skull: fur rather long on the shoulders and wavy, and annulated with yellow and deep brown; dark brown on the top of the head; the dark-coloured line before the ear but little pronounced; no black on the back. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Iisq., 10th May 1870. ce. The skin and skull of an adult male, No. 18B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Purchased, 1843. d. A stuffed adult male, resembling 4 in the length and annulation of its fur, but nearly black on the back; stripe before the ear well marked. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 27th September 1869. e. A stuffed somewhat younger male than d, with its skele- ton, No. 138A of Blyth’s Catalogue: the fur on the shoulders shorter than ¢; hands and feet tending to dark brown. Pur- chased, 1843-52. j. A stuffed much younger male: fur with only a trace of annulation ; vertex brownish black; back washed with black ; sides and limbs greyish yellow; band before the ear moder- ately defined. Purchased, 9th November 1866. g- A stuffed still younger male: top of the head black, also the mesial line of the back from the shoulders along the upper surface of the tail; outside of the limbs brownish yel- low. Purchased, 6th September 1866. h. A stuffed somewhat younger male, intermediate between fand g. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th March 1870. 2. A stuffed still younger male: head brown, no black on the back. Purchased, 28th August 1867. j. Vhe skin of an adult male. Purchased, 28th October 1869. k. The skin of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 23rd July 1871. . The skin of a young male. Purckased, 25th June 1369. 74 MAMMALIA. m. The skin and skull of a young female: doll fuliginous brown; black on the head and from behind the shoulders along the middle of the back. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 29th April 1876. nv. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd November 1878. o. The skin and the skeleton of an adult male. The fore- arms are bent, although both are healthy hard bones. Pre- sented by the Zoological Gardens, 17th March 1877. p. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 1S65. q. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 1466. 7. The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 6th August 1866. s. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Purchased, 17th September 1566. t. The skull of an adolescent male. Purchased, 18th Sep- tember 1866. w. The skull of an adult male. No history. v. The skeleton of a young male: 19 caudal vertebre. Pur- chased, 27th December 1867. w. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 6th July 1869. zw. The skeleton of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th August 1869. y. The skeleton of an adolescent female. No history. z. The skeleton of an adult male. No history. aw. A skull. No history. 6. The skull of an adolescent female. No history. 45. Macacus arctoides. Macacus speciosus, #. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. Fevy. 1825, livr”. xlvii. Macacus arctoides, Zs. Geoff. St.-Hil., Waq. de Zool. 1833, el. i, pl. ii (adult); Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 45, pls. i, ii. Macacus maurus, Js. Geoff. St.-Hil. Voy. de Bélanger, Zool. 1834, . 61. apie melanotus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 31. Cynopithecus speciosus, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 101. Inuus (Maimon) arctoides, Wagner, Schreber. Sdugeth. Suppl. bd. 1, 1840, p. 146. ? Macacus ursinus, Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p- 93. Inuus (Inuus) arctoides, Wagner, Schreber, Stiugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 1855, p. 57. Pithecus (Macacus) arctoides, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An, 1856, pp. 116, 118. : Pithecus arctoides, B/ainville, Ostéogr. Mamm. t. i, p. 44, 1839-64 atlas u, pl. vii (skull). z MACACUS. 75 Macacus tibetanus, A. M. Edwards, Comptes Rendus, Février 14, 1870, vol. Ixx, p. 341; Rech. des Mammif. 1868-74, p. 244, pls. xxxiv et xxxv. Macacus melanotus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p- 29. Macacus brunneus, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 628; 1872, pp. 203-212, pl. xii (juv.); 1874, p. 652. Inuus speciosus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xliv, 1875, ex. no. p. 6. Hab. High country of Cochin China, north-west to Yunnan and Assam, and to Eastern Tibet (Moupin). 45a. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a finé adult male. In life this animal was a dark rich brown, compact, powerful monkey, with rather short limbs, intensely scarlet face, rather long muzzle, rudimentary tail, short radiating hair on the forehead, and long hair on the rest of the head falling forwards over the forehead, the hair before the ears and behind the cheeks being also directed anteriorly ; the hair on the neck especially long and also on the shoulders, 4% inches to 3 inches on the hinder half of the body; the colour darkest on the head and neck, but a decided reddish tinge on the hinder half of the body and external to the callosities ; the latter and the huge scrotum and much-spined penis were rich scarlet in life; the upper surface of the hands and feet tend to black ; under parts pale rufous brown ; the hair more or less annulated, the annulations being espe- cially numerous on the long hairs of the anterior parts. ‘Lhe skull has the general features of the skull of J/. nemestrinus, but with a less powerful and considerably shorter muzzle. Kakhyen Hills; Bhamo, Upper Burma. Presented to the Zoological Gardens by Dr. J. Anderson. 6. A stuffed young male, its skeleton and its entire viscera preserved in alcohol: dark brown, more or less blotched with blackish; hair laterally divided on the forehead and radiating on the crown; ears with long hair on the inner aspect, projecting a long way external to their margins. The type of H. drunneus, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1871, p- 628. Kakhyen Hills, to the east of Bhamo, Upper Burma. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 4th December 1872. ec. A young male, in alcohol: brown, but with the sides of the head yellowish, said to have been procured at Sadiya, Assam. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 30th June 1876. d, A young male, in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 19th October 1878. 76 MAMMALIA, e. The skin and skeleton of a young female from Tipperah. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 17th October 1878. J: Ayoung female, in alcohol. Purchased, 20th March 1879. 46. Macacus maurus. Macacus maurus, & Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. 1823, Avril, livr’. xl; Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 80. Magus maurus, Lesson, Man. de Mamm. 1827, p. 44. Simia cuvieri, Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 30. Cynocephalus niger (?) Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. de Ul Astrolabe Zool. vol. i, 1830, p. 67. Macacus arctoides, Is. Geoff. St..Hil., Zool. du Voyage de Bélanger, 1834, p. 61 (partim). Macacus melanotus, Schinz (partim), Syn. Mamm. bd. i, 1844, p. 59, Tnuus maurus, Vrolik, Todd's Cyclop. Anat. & Phys. 1852, vol. iv, . 197. ‘iid cacas (Gymnopyga) inornatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866. p. 202, pl. xix. Hab. North-West Borneo. 46a. A stuffed adolescent male, and its skull and bones of the trunk : brown, darkest on the forehead and on the hands and feet, which are darker than the body, but not black, and palest on the sides, back of the head and neck, which are pale yellowish-brown ; tail very short ; face and ears dusky black. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th June 1871. 6. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male: dark ashy brown, paler on the head and sides of the neck, and palest on the back of the thighs, where the colour is ashy grey ; face black ; the skull has continuous superciliary ridges, and a very strong malo-temporal ridge; the upper canines have been either extracted or shed, but the canine eminences on the face remain; the bones of the trunk are much dis- eased, evidently affected by rickets, the pelic bones being bent downwards to an extraordinary degree, also the lower margin of the scapula. This specimen lived long in confine- ment, notwithstanding these deformities. Presented by O. L, Fraser, Esq., 28th October 1880. e. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adult male: like the last, but slightly darker on the head; a ferine individual, showing supraorbital ridges, well-defined canine eminences, the muzzle being concave on each side from before the malar. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., $th June 1581. d. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of an adult ferme male: like the last specimen. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 20th August 1880. MACACUS. 717 -e, The skin and skull of an adult female: like the preced- ing males; canines feeble, also their ridges. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th June 1880. J. The skin and skull of a nearly adult female: like the last. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 21st November 1880. g- Skin and skull of an adult female : resembling preceding ie Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2nd August 880. 4. The skin and skull of a young male: pale brown, palest on the head and passing into dark brown on the hands and feet; skull with milk dentition. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th July 1880. z. Skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 4th June 1850. j. A young male, inalcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 2Uth May 1880. 51. Macacus ocreatus. Papio ochreatus, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1840, p. 56. Macacus fusco-ater, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i, 1844, p. 58. Inuus (Inuus) fusco-ater, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. vol. v, 1855, p. 59. Macacus ocreatus, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 420, pl. Ixxxii; Anderson, Anat. and Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 81. Macacus ochreatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc, vol. xliv, 1875, ex. ‘no. p. 7. Hab. Celebes. 47a. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull, No. 16 of Blyth’s Catalogue': dark brown, except on the forearm from below the elbow, the hind leg from below the knee, the inside of the limbs, and the buttocks, which are grey ; chest and belly brown, face black; a considerable bare area around the callosities ; tail about 2 inches long. Presented by the Maha- rajah of Burdwan, 1858. 6. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male: upper surface glossy black brown; the front of the bra- chium and the outer surface of the limbs from the elbow and knee ashy grey, also the back of the thighs and the insides of the limbs; throat and chest also ashy grey ; the rest of the under surface of the body dull black-brown, the hair on the head tending to form a crest on the vertex; hairs along the 1 This specimen was marked No, (10 Papio lewcophaeus) and is evidently, from the way in which the skin has been prepared, a specimen from the Maha- rajah of Burdwan, but it is a male, whereas the Ape referred by Blyth to P.,leucophaeus was a female. 78 MAMMALIA. upper lip and chin black; the upper milk canines are pre- sent, two permanent molars appearing ; upper incisors large ; a swelling over the region of the upper canines. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 22nd February 1880. c. The skin, ; skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent male: wholly black, with the exception of the back of the thighs, which are brownish grey; throat grey, and a tinge of grey down the inner aspect of the forearms and partially on the chest; a tendency to form acrest; face black; tail rudimentary. The skull is distinguished by considerable rotundity and breadth across the orbits. Jf. ocreatus and M. maurus have a narrow interorbital region, and the facial (maxillary) portion of the skull is not raised over the canines as in C. niger ; moreover, this species hasa tendency to flattening of the suborbital maxillary area—a feature which is charac- teristic of the skull of Cynopithecus niger. The latter species, however, has a peculiar feature in the great narrowness across its orbits, the combined breadth of which is much less than the malar region: neither Mf. ocreatus nor M. maurus exhibits this feature. The nasals of this species are much smaller than those of M. maurus. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 24th August 1878. Genus CYNOPITHECUS, Is. Geoff., 1835. 48. Cynopithecus niger. Cynocephalus niger, Desmarest, Mamm. 1822, Suppl. p. 534. Cynocephalus malayanus, Desmoulins, Dict. Class. "7 Hist. Nat. t. v, 1824, p. 26 Papio niger, Griffith, An. Kingd. vol. v (1847), p. 23; Temminck, Poss. Néerland dans U Inde Archip. t. iii, 1847, p. 111. Macacus maurus (?), Quoy § Gaimard, Voy. de UAstrolabe Zool. t. i, 1831, p. 67. Macacus niger, Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Zool. Soc. Lond. Mus. 1838, 2nd ed., p. 8. Inuus (Maimon) niger, Wagner, Schreber, Séugeth. Suppl. bd. i, 1840, p. 147. Cynopithecus niger, Is. Geoff. St-Hil., Zool. du Toy. de Bélanger, 1834, p. 66. Cynovephalus (Cynopithecus) niger, Wagner, Schreber, Siugeth. Suppl. bd. v, 1855, p. 61. Hab, Celebes. 48a. A stuffed adult female, and skull: tail a mere knob. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th September 1871. CYNOPITHECUS. 79 4. A stuffed adult female, the bones of the trunk and the viscera in alcohol: tail half an inch long. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 16th January 1872. e. A stuffed adult female: tail a mere knob. Purchased, 12th January 1870. d. A stuffed half-grown female: tail about half an inch long, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th February 1871. e. A stuffed young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th April 1871. J. The skin of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 5th June 1871. g- Theskin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male: the skull is very large and has enormous canines, with a very prominent canine eminence; the orbits are backwardly thrown, the facial portion of the skull elongated, forwardly projected, flat in front and laterally perpendicular and con- cave ; the malar at its Junction with the maxillary is swollen, and the nasal aperture is nearly as large as one half of an orbit. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 9th August 1880. 4. The skin and skull of a young male: brownish-black trunk, passing into black on the limbs and head; the back of the thighs with a faint trace of grey, Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 8th September 1880. a. The skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 9th January 1871. j. The skull of an adolescent female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th February 1871. k. The skeleton of an adolescent male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq,, 3rd August 1871. i. The skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 7th December 1871. m. The ligamentary skeleton of an adult female. Present ed by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 29th October 1871. n. The skeleton of avery young female, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th January 1872. o. The skeleton of a young male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd June 1872. p. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th September 1875. g. The scapul, clavicles, pelvis, ribs, and vertebre, and the viscera in alcohol of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th December 1871. 80 MAMMALIA. 7. The mounted skeleton of an adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 10th May 1871. IIT.—Sus-Famity CYNOCEPHALINA. Genus CYNOCEPHALUS, Brisson, 1756, 49. Cynocephalus hamadryas. Tartarin, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif,. livr’. v, Avril, 1819. Simia hamadryas, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 36; Schreber, Sdugeth. bd. i (1774), p. 82, pl. x. Simia aegyptica, Hasselquist, Reise nach Palaest. 1762-68, p. 189. Papio hamadryas, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 103. Cynocephalus thoth, Ogi/by, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 11. Hamadryas aegyptica, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 34. Hab. Abyssinia and Arabia. 49a. A stuffed adult male. Purchased, 6th October 1866. b. The head of an adolescent male. Purchased, 29th Janu- ary 1867. ec. The skin of an adult male. Hadoda, near Annesley Bay, Abyssinia. W.T. Blanford, Esq. Abyssinian Expedi- tion, 1868. d,e. Two skulls of adult males. Lebka Valley, Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Abyssinian Expedition, 1868. J. A stuffed young female, apparently this species. Pur- chased, 7th February 1870. g- The skin of a young female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th March 1877. A. The skin, skull, and scapule of an adolescent male. These bones are quite light and very friable, and the scapula is thrown into folds as if it had been a piece of papier-maché. This diseased condition of the bones is not unfrequently observed among monkeys reared from an early age in captivity. Pur- chased, 5th January 1878. i, The skeleton of an adult male. Purchased, 6th January 1880. jy. A stuffed young male and its skull, marked No. 16A of Blyth’s Catalogue, which is Macacus assamensis, McClelland, but in the Catalogue the species stands with a point of interrogation. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1848. CYNOCEPHALUS, 81 50. Cynocephalus doguera. Cynocephalus babouin, Riippell, Neug Wirbelthiere, 1835, p. 7, partim (nec auctorum). Cyuocephalus doguera, Pucheran et Schimper, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 96, et 1857, p. 250. ° a eat porearius, Kitzinger, Sitagsber, Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1866, p- e Papio doguera, Schlegel, Mus. de Pays-Bas Simie, 1876, p- 126, Hab, Abyssinia. 50a. A stuffed fully adult male, and the bones of the trunk; uniform yellowish olive on the whiskers and over all the body, above and below, except on the hands and feet, which are black, or nearly so ; hair long (6 inches) and coarse on the front part of the body, basal portion (2 inches) ashy grey, the remainder banded nine times with orange and black, the first and last band the narrowest ; 12 ribs; 25 caudal vertebre. Purchased, 8th January 1870. 6. The skin of an adult male, its skull, and the bones of the trunk. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 14th June 1876. ce. The skin and skeleton of an adult female: like the male, but smaller, and the feet uniform with the body. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 30th June 1876. a. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 15th August 1876. 51. Cynocephalus porcarius. Chacma, F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. livre’. vii, Juin 1819. Simia porcaria, Bodd., Natur. livr®. 22, p. 1, pl. 1. Simia sphingiola, Hermann, Obs. Zool. vol. i (1804), p. 2. Papio porcarius, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vol. xix (1812), p. 102, Cynocephalus ursinus, Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i, 1844, p. 64. Cynocephalus porearius, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 6. Hab. South Africa. 5la. Astuffed adult male, No. 11A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq., Cape Town Museum, 1859. 6, A stuffed young male and its skull; No. 11B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Purchased, 1846. e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent female. Although this animal was far from being adult, it had huge swellings around the vaginal orifice while alive. The bones of the skull are enormously thickened and heavy, but those of the face are softened. This animal lived in F 82 _ MAMMALIA, the Zoological Gardens for some years and during that period appeared quite healthy. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 29th October 1880. d. A newly born male in alcohol: a hybrid between this species and Macacus nemestrinus. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1862. 52. Cynocephalus maimon. Le Mandrill, Audebert, Nat. Hist. des Singes, 1797, fam. ii, sect. 2, fig. 1; F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1821; 1824, liv™ xxix et xli. Simia maimon, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 35. Papio mormon, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. 1812, t. xix, p. 104. Mormon maimon, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 36. Papio maimon, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, livr®. 12, Simia, p. 130; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 6. * Hab. Western Africa. * 52a. A stuffed adult male, No. 9A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. b. A stuffed adult female, No. 9B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. I].—Svus-Orper PLATYRRHINI. I.—Famity CEBIDA. Genus MYCETES, Illiger, 1811. 53. Mycetes ursinus. Simia ursina, Humb., Recueil d’Observ. de Zool. 1811-14, p, 329, fig. 30. Stentor ursinus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 108. Mycetes ursinus, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 29. Hab, Brazil. 53a. The skin of an adult male: yellowish on the dorsal surface and otherwise brown throughout. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 54. Mycetes seniculus. Alouate, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xv, 1767, p. 5; Suppl., t. vii, 1789, pl. 25; Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, fam. 5, sect. 1, fig. 1. Simia seniculus, Linn., Hist. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 37. Stentor seniculus, Geoff St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 107. MYCETES. 83 Mycetes seniculus, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 28. Mycetes stramineus, Spix (nec Geoffroy), Sim. Brazil, p. 45, pl. 81. Stentor chrysurus, Zs. Geoff, Mem, du Mus. t. xvii, 1828, p. 166. Mycetes laniger, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvi, 1845, p. 219. Mycetes auratus, Gray, Aun. g& Mag. Nat. Hist. op. cit., p. 220. Hab. Brazil, Guiana, and Bolivia. 54a. The skin of an adult female: reddish chestnut, golden yellow on the dorsal surface, from the shoulders to the root of the tail. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 55. Mycetes palliatus. Mycetes palliatus, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1848, p. 138, pl. 6; Sclater, op. cit. 1872, p. 7. Hab, Nicaragua. 55a. The skin of an adult female: black throughout, with a few silvery hairs from the axilla along the side. Panama. By exchange, 21st January 1879. Genus ATELES, Geoff., 1806. 56. Ateles ater. Ateles ater, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. live”. xxxix, Mars, 1823. Hab. Peru, between 2° and 14° S, Lat. 56a. The skin of an adult female. Brazil. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 57. Ateles paniscus. Le Coaita, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xv, 1767, p. 25, pl. 1. Simia paniscus, Linn. Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 1788, p. 36. Ateles paniscus, Geoff. St.- Hil., Ann, du Mus. . vii, p. 270. Hab. Guiana, Lower and Upper Amazon Valley, Rio Negro, banks of the Madeira, &. 57a. The skin of an adult male. By exchange, 2lst January 1879. 58. Ateles geoffroyi. Atel ffroyi, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 26. ‘Aisles eens ic Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 76; _Sclater, Proe. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 226, pl. xv et fig. skull; op. cet. 1875, p. 419, pls. 48 & 49. 84 MAMMALIA. Ateles belzebuth var. trianguligera, Weinland, Zool. Garten, Bd. iit, 1862, pl. 207. Ateles melanochir et hybridus, et A. frontatus, A. ornatus et A. albi- frons, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., pp. 43, 44, 1870. Ateles variegatus et Eriodis frontatus v. Frantzius, Wiegmann, Archiv. vol. 35, part 1, 1869, pp. 257, 258. Hab, Central America, Southern Mexico to Verragua. 58a. The skin of an adult female: pale greyish-yellow, with a black forehead, hands, feet, and knees ; with ‘blackish under the antibrachium. Central America. By exchange, 21st January 1879. &. The skin of an adult: black above, with an intermixture of grey hairs, passing into yellowish grey towards the rump ; under surface greyish yellow, golden on the insides of the thighs. By exchange, 21st January 1879. ce. The skin, skeleton, and the viscera in alcohol of an ado- lescent female: black, with a few yellowish hairs scattered throughout. This skull has three ossa triquetra, a large one between the frontal and parietals, and two smaller ones between these latter bones and the occipital. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th August 1878. 59. Ateles chuva. Ateles chuva, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays- Bas, 1876, p. 175, et syn. Hab. North-Eastern Peru, Ecuador and the mountains of Guiana. 59a. The skin of an adult male: black on the upper sur- face and along the outside of the humerus and the first half of the tail ; outer side of the thigh blackish, with an intermixture of yellow ; lower half of limbs yellowish, with intermixed black hairs; hands and feet yellowish, with intermixed black hairs ; under surface of body yellowish ; forehead golden yellow ; ear black ; whiskers and hairs on mouth white ; eyebrows and hairs on the rest of the face black. By exchange, 21st January 1879. Genus CEBUS, Erxleben, 1777. 60. Cebus flavus. Simia flavia, Schreber, Sdugeth., pl. 31B., Cebus flavus, Geoff: St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 112. Cebus fulvus, Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 83. Cebus pallidus, Gray, Cat. Monkeys § Lemurs, B, M., 1870, p. 49. CEBUS. 85 Hab, Brazil and Bolivia. 60a. The skin of an adult male: pale brown, passing into black on the head and becoming paler on the fore limbs, and darker on the hands and feet, and on the upper surface of the tail ; sides of the face greyish ; under surface greyish, with a tinge of yellow. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 61. Cebus capucinus. Le Sajou male, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. liv". xii, Novr. 1819. Cebus capucinus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p.111. Hab. Guiana. 61a. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 15th October 1880. 62. Cebus hypoleucus. Simia capucina var. a, Audebert, Hist. des Singes et Makis, 1794, fam. 5, sect. ii, fig. 4, Simia hypoleuca, Humb., Rec. d’Obs. de Zool. 1811-14, p. 336. Cebus hypoleucus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. iii ; F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mamm. livr". xvi, Mai 1820. Hab. Guiana. 62a. The skin of anadult male: black above; forehead, side of face, throat, chest, and front of shoulders yellowish white ; belly pale brown, By exchange, 21st January 1879. 6. The skin and skeleton of a female. Purchased, 16th De- cember 1878. '-e, The skin and skull of a young male. Purchased, 28rd December 1879. d. The skin, skull, and the bones of the trunk of a young male. Purchased, 27th November 1879. Genus NYCTIPITHECUS, Spix, 1823. 63. Nyctipithecus felinus. Nyctipithecus felinus, Spix, Sim. et Vesper Brazil, 1823 p. 24, pl. 18. Hab. Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentine Republic, 68a. An adult in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 16th September 1880. 86 MAMMALIA, Genus PITHECIA, Desmarest, 1804. 64, Pithecia nocturna. Simia pithecia, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 40; Schreber, Sdugeth. Bd. i, 1774, p. 125, pl, xxxii. Pithecia nocturna et adusta, Illiger, Abhandl. der Berlin Akad. 1804-11, p. 107. Pithecia rufiventer et leucocephala, Geoff. St.-Hil., t. xix, pp. 116-17, 1812. ; Pithecia rufiventer, adusta, rufibarbata, et ochrocephala, Awhl, Beitr. 1820, pp. 43, 44. Pithecia capillamentosa, Spix, Sim. et Vesper Brazil, 1823, p. 16, pl. 11. Pithecia pogonias, Gray, Zool. Sulph. p. 13, pl. 2. Pithecia chrysocephala, Is. Geoff., Cat. des Mamméf. 1851, p. 55. Hab. Guiana. 64a. The skin of an adult female: brownish black, the hairs with a subterminal white band; under surface rufous ; moustache yellowish. Eriquito River, British Guiana. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 65. Pithecia satanas. Couxio, Humd., Rec. d’Obs. Zool. 1811, p. 314, pl. 27. Cebus satanas, Hoffmansegg, Ges. Naturforscher, Bd. x, p. 93, 1807. Pithecia satanas, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 115; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 712, pl. 41. Chiropotes ater, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 61. Hab. Lower Amazon; near Paré, British Guiana. 65a. An adult male, in alcohol, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th August 1879. Gsnus CHRYSOTHRIX, Kaup, 1835. 66. Chrysothrix sciurea. Le Saimiri, maui Hist. Nat. des Singes et Makis, fam. 5, sect. 2, 1. 7, 179 i sinia sciurea, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 43; Schreber, Sdiugeth., pl. xxx. : Callithrix sciureus, Geoff. S¢t.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t, xix, 1812, p. 113. Chrysothrix sciurea, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Ba, v, 1855, p. 120, tab. 9. Chrysothrix sciureus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 16. Hab. Guiana and Brazil. HAPALE. 87 66a. A stuffed adult. No. 40A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Pre- sented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. 6, Theskull. No. 40B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. c. The skin and skeleton, and the viscera in alcohol of an adult male. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 30th October 1878. d, Skin of anadult male. By exchange, Ist January 1879. e. An adult inalcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 30th September 1879. J. A young male in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 20th May 1879. Il.—Famity HAPALIDA. Genus HAPALE, Kuhl, 1820. 67. Hapale jacchus. L’Ouistiti, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vol. xv, 1767, p. 96, pl. 14. Simia jacchus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 40; Schreber, Sdugeth, pl. 33. Hapale jacchus, [iliger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. 1811, pp. 71, 72; Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 46. Jacchus vulgaris, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, p. 119; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 16. Hub. Brazil. 67a. A stuffed male and skull, No. 41A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Hsq., 1864. 6. The skull of a stuffed male, No. 41B of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by E. Blyth, Esq., 1851. ce. A mounted adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Ksq., 24th July 1873. d. A mounted adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 24th July 1873. e. A mounted adult female. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 24th July 1873. jf. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 5th October 1876. g & h. Two young in alcohol, born in Calcutta. Nos. 41E and F of Blyth’sCatalogue. Presented by HK. Blyth, Esq., 1851. i. The skeleton of a female, No. 41C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by E. Blyth, Esq., 1852. j. The skin and skull of a young female. Presented by Wn. Rutledge, Esq., 9th September 1872. 88 MAMMALIA. 68. Hapale penicillata. Jacchus penicillatus, Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 119. J boahns vulgaris, Gray, Cat. Monkeys §& Lemurs, B. M., 1870, var. 3, p- 63. Hab. Brazil. 68a. The skin of an adolescent male, its skull and viscera. Presented by Mr. H. Swaries, 15th January 1869. 6. A mounted adult female and its skull. Presented by Wn. Rutledge, Esq., 6th March 1871. 69. Hapale pygmaea. ee a pygmaeus, Spizr, Sim. et Vesper Brazil, 1823, p. 32, pl. 24, 2. s Hapale pygmaea, Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. Mamm. 1851, p. 61. Cebuella pygmaea, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 64. Hab, Eastern Peru, 69a. A mounted adult. By exchange, 2lst January 1879. 70. Hapale rosalia. Le Marikina, Buffon, Nat. Hist. t. xv, 1767, p. 108, pl. 16. Simia rosalia, Zinn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 41. Hapale rosalia, Illiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm., 1811, p. 72. Midas rosalia, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, p. 121. Leontopithecus rosalia, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p- 65. Hab. Brazil. 70a, The skin of an adult: pale golden yellow; rufous around the face and along the neck, on the under surface and the lower portion of the limbs, with the exception of the fore feet, which are black, with a tinge of rufous above, the hind feet being pale golden yellow; the tail slightly dusky. Brazil. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 6. A stuffed adult male, its skull and skeleton. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd November 1880. c. The skeleton of an adult male. By exchange, 28th May 1880. 71. Hapale cedipus. Le Pinche, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xv, 1767, p.114, pl. 17; Audebert, Singes et Makis, fam. 6, sect. ii, pl. 1; #. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. livr’. lix, Janvier 1829. Titi de Carthagéne, Humb., Rec. d’Obs, Zool, 1811-14, p. 337, MAPALE, 89 Simia cedipus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 41; Schreber, Sdu- geth, pl. 34. Midas cedipus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 122; Cat. Mammif. 1851, p. 62. J: acchus cedipus, Desmarest, Mamm, 1820, p. 96. CEdipus titi, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 65. sala oe cedipus, Schlegel, Mus. d’Hist, Nat. des ,Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 258, Hab. Columbia. V1a, The skin of an adult: head, throat, and under parts white, also the lower half of the brachium, antibrachium, and thigh ; upper half of the tail chestnut, lower half black: the remaining parts of the trunk brownish, with a greyish olive tint and an intermixture of black and chestnut, the lat- ter on the sides of the neck and on the back of the thigh, the black occurring chiefly on the lower half of the trunk. By exchange, 21st January 1879. 6. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 24th May 1879. e. An adult male in alcohol. Presented by Wm. Rut. ledge, Esq., 13th September 1880. d. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult female. Present- ed by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th September 1880. e. The skin and skull of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th October 1880. 72. Hapale leucopus. Hapale leucopus, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1876, p. 748, pl. lxxii. Hab. Columbia. 72a. The skin of an adult male: silvery grey above, with an intermixture of fuliginous, specially on the occiput, which is dark brown, and on the base of the tail, the tip of which is white ; the lower half of the outside of the limbs silvery white ; forehead and hairs of face short, sparse, and white; throat dusky fuliginous; chest and under parts rich rufous. Antio- quia, U.S. of Columbia. By exchange, 21st January, 1879. 6. The skin of an adolescent. By exchange, 21st Janu- ary 1871. 73. Hapale ursula. Le Tamarin négre, Buffon, Hist. Nat. Suppl. t. vii, p. 116, pl. 32; Oe dekard. Hist. eae Singes et Makis, 1797, fam. vi, sect, ii, pl. 6; F. Cuv., Hist, Nat. des Mammif. live". ix, Sept. 1819. 90 MAMMALIA. Saguinus ursula, Hoffm., Mag. der Berl. Naturf. Freunde, 1807, vol. x p. 102. Midas ursulus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus, t. xix, 1812, p. 121. Jacchus ursulus, Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 94. Hapale ursula, Wagner, Schreber, Stiugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 1840, p. 246. Hab, Brazil. 73a. A stuffed nearly adult male, its skull and bones of the trunk: face and fur jet black, with the exception of the back, from the shoulders to the root of the tail, which is more or less transversely banded with ferruginous. In the skull there appears to be the permanent absence of the last molar on the right side. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., May 1879. 6. An adult female in alcohol: the back more or less banded with rufous. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 14th May 1879. Il—Orprr PROSIMLA, 1.—Famity LEMURIDA. 1.—Svus-Famity LEMURINA, Gsyus LEMUR, Linn., 1758. 74, Lemur catta. Le Mococo, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiii, 1765, p. 184, pl. 22; Audedert, Hist. Nat. des Makis, fig. 4; F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. live". v, Avril 1819. Lemur catta, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 45; Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. +. xix, 1812, p. 161; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p.17; Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 72; Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, Simie, 1876, p. 314, Prosimia catta, Lesson, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 223. Hab. Central part of Madagascar to Mouroundava on the west coast and Andrahoumbe on the east coast.—Schlegel. 74a, A stuffed male in bad condition, and its skull. No. 46A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Madagascar. Presented by Dr. E, F. Kelaart, 1852, ; é. The skin and skeleton of a male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 4th February 1876. LEMUR. 91 75. Lemur varius. Le Vari, Buffon, Hist. Nat. t. xiii, 1765, p. 204, pl. 27 & ; Audebdert, Nat. Hist. des Makis, 1797, figs.5 & 6; F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammy, livr’. xliii, Aodt, 1824. Lemur Macaco, Schreber, Stugeth. Bd. i, p. 142, pl. xl, B (nec Linn.) Maki roux, F. Cuv., Nat. Hist. des Mammif. Avril 1820, livr®. xv. Lemur macaco et- ruber, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann, du Mus. t. xix, 1812, . 159. Ladar varius, Is, Geoffroy St.-Hil., Cat. des Mammif. 1851, p. 71; Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 301. Varecia varia et rubra, Gray, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1863, p. 136. Hab. North-East coast of Madagascar. 75a, A stuffed male. Purchased, January 1863. 6. A stuffed adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 14th January 1869. ce. A stuffed adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 28th January 1869. ad. The skeleton of a male, Presented by Wm. Rutledges Esq., 18th January 1873. e. Askeleton. No history. jf. A toothless skull. No. 42B of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. g. The skull of No. 42A of Blyth’s Catalogue. 76. Lemur macaco. The Black Maucauco, Edwards, Glean. vol. v, pl. 217. Lemur macaco, Linn., Syst. Nat. 1766, p. 44; ex syn. Pet. et Brown, Schlegel, Mus. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 302; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 16. Lemur niger. Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vo): xix, 1812, p. 159. Lemur leucomystax, Bartlett, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 347, pl. 41 ¢@. Varecia nigra, Gray, Proc. Zool. Sor. Lond. 1863, p. 136. Hab. North-West coast of Madagascar. 76a. A stuffed adolescent male: wholly black. No. 45A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1850. é. A stuffed young animal, No. 45B of Blyth’s Catalogue : the same as the last. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1864. ; ; e. The skin and skull of an adolescent male: wholly black. Purchased, 27th November 1879. 92 MAMMALIA. 77. Lemur albifrons. Lemur albifrons, #. Geoff, Mem. sur les Makis (Lemur, Linn.) Mag. Encyclopéd. t. i, p. 20; Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 160; Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Makis, fig. 3; et Schreber, pl. xxxixD; F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". iii, 19 Fév.1819, & nec fig. 2 et juv.; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil., Cat. des Mammif. 1851, p. 72; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxvii, 1858, p. 274; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 17 (partim) ; Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 310. Prosimia albifrons, Gray, Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 73. Hab. North-East coast of Madagascar. 83a. A stuffed male in bad condition, and its skull. No. 44A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Maharajah -of Burdwan, 1858. 78. Lemur collaris. Grand Mongous, Buffon, Nat. Hist. Suppl. vol. vii, 1789, p. 118, pl. 33. Le Mongous, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". ii, Janvier 1819. Maki & front blanc, 2 et juv. (nec &), Hist. Nat. des Mammif. livr". iii, + Féy. 1819. Maki 4 front noir, 7. Cuv., 2. e. livr®. xxx, Juillet 1821. Lemur collaris et falvus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vol. xix, 1812, p.161. Lemur brunneus, Van der Hoeven Tijdschr., v. N. G. Bd. xi, 1844, p. 35. Lemur nigrifrons, Blyth, Cat. Mam. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 17. Prosimia melanocephala, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 137, pl. 18. Prosimia xanthomystax, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 138, pl. 17 ; Cat. Monkeys & Lemurs, B. M., 1870, p. 74. Lemur collaris, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 306. Hab, North-West coast of Madagascar. 78a. The skin of an adult male and its skull: correspond- ing tothe Maki a front noir of F. Cuv. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 27th August 1880. 79. Lemur nigrifrons. Lemur simia-sciurus, Petiv., Schreber, Sdugeth. pl. 42. Lemur nigrifrons, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 160. Hab, Madagascar. 79a. The skin and skull of an adult male: rather pale ashy grey throughout, above and below, except on the front of the head and around the ears, which is tinged with reddish yellow; the sides of the face external to one-half of the eyes are grey, but the rest is jet black, extending on to the forehead, but not reaching the vertex. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 28th October 1879. “LEMUR. 93 This Lemur scems closely allied to the L. flavifrons, Gray, Proc. Soc. Lond. 1867, p. 596, pl. 31. 80. Lemur mongoz. The Mongoz, Edwards, Gleanings, vol. v, p. 12, pl. 216. Le Mongous Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Makis, 1797, fig. 1. Lemur mongoz, Linn., Syst. Nat, 12thed. 1766, p.44; Sclater, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1871, pl. 16, fig. 1 3, fig. 2 9. Lemur albimanus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 160. Lemur nigrifrons, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 17. Hab. West coast of Madagascar. 80a. A stuffed specimen and its skeleton, Nos. 43 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue: much faded, but apparently agreeing with the characters of the female. The ashy grey on the shoulder and fore limb is much faded. Presented by Raja Rajendra Mullick, Bahadur, 1851. 6. A stuffed skin of a female: like the preceding, but with less white below the ear, and much faded. No. 44B of Blyth’s Catalogue, and the type of LZ. flaviventer, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxvii, p. 274, 1858. This specimen, however, does not differ specifically from the previous individual, Pre- sented by the Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. ce. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult female. It differs from the previous specimens in having no white on the breast, throat, or sides of the face, all of these parts being dark ashy grey, except the chin, which is paler. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 11th October 1880, d. The skin of an adult male and its skull: the sides of the neck and of the face are rufous, front of face greyish. Pur- chased, 4th December 1880. e. The skin of a young male and its skull: resembling ce, but showing a tendency to rufous on the side of the neck; the face and forehead black, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 17th August 1880. II.—Svus-Fauity INDRISINA. Genus PROPITHECUS, Lund, 1839. 81. Propithecus diadema. Propithecus diadema, Bennet, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1832, p. 20; Alph. Milne Edwards & Alf. Grandidicr, Hist. Phys. Nat. et Pol. Madagascar, t. vi; Hist, Nat. des Mammif. t. 1 (1875), texte p. 29€, pl. 1. 94, MAMMALIA, Hab. The great forests of the eastern portion of Madagas- car.— Schlegel. 8la, The skin of an adult. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. ; 4. The skin of an adult female: darker than the last speci- men. Purchased, 21st January 1879. ec. The skeleton of an adult. By exchange with the British Museum, 21st January 1879, Genus INDRIS, Geoff., 1796. 82. Indris brevicaudatus. Indris brevicaudatus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Mem. sur les Rapp. Nat. des Makis, t. i Magasin Encyclopéd. 1796, p. 46; Alph. Milne Edwards & Alf. Grandidier, Hist. Phys. Nat. et Fol. de Madagascar, t. vi; Hist. Nat. des Mammif. t. i, texte p. 335, pls. xi, xii. Hab. Forests on the eastern side of the great mountains, between the bay of Antongil to the north, and the river Masora to the south.—Alph. Milne Edwards & Grandidier. 82a. The skin of an adult female, of the variety described by Professor Peters as Lichanotus mitratus.: By exchange with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. IIl.—Famity NYCTICEBIDA. I.—Svus-Famity NYCTICEBINA., Genus NYCTICEBUS, Geoff., 1795. 83. Nycticebus tardigradus. Le paresseux pentadactyle du Bengale, Vosmaer, Description Amsterd, 1770, pl. vi. ; Le Lorie paresseux, Audebert, Hist. des Singes et Makis, 1797, fig. 1. Lemur tardigradus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 44. Stenops tardigradus, Illiger, Prod. Syst. Mamm. 1811, p. 73. Nycticebus bengalensis et javanicus, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 164. Nycticebus cinereus, A. M. Edwards, Nouv. Arch. du Mus. t. iii, 1867 ; Bull. 1869, p. 11, pl. iti; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 103. Nycticebus tardigradus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus, 1863, p- 18; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. 1878, pp. 103 et seq. 1M. B. Akad. der Wiss. zu Berlin (1871), p. 360. NYCTICEBUS. 95 Hab, Assam and Eastern Bengal through Upper Burma and Arakan to Siam, and through the Malayan Peninsula to Sumatra and Java. VAR. cinerea. Large race inhabiting Assam, Sylhet, and Cachar, and ranging eastwards through Upper Burma (Bhamo) to Siam. Clear greyish ashy, or silvery grey on the head and neck, with only a trace of the head markings so distinct in the Javan race ; the rest of the trunk greyish, but washed with brown- ish and tending to reddish brown on the hind quarters. Dorsal band rich dark brown, fading away on the vertex ; upper incisors two to four. 83a. A stuffed adult female, and its skull, No. 47A of Blyth’s Catalogue: one pair of upper incisors. Tipperah. Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. 6. A stuffed young animal. Tipperah. Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. ce. A stuffed adult. Tipperah. Presented by A. Grote, Esq., 28th July 1864. ; d. A stuffed adult female and its skull: two pairs of upper incisors. Godlpdra, Assam. Presented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 17th August 1867. e& f. A stuffed adult female and its young one. Goéal- para, Assam. Presented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 17th August 1867. -g. A stuffed young male. Godlpdra, Assam. Presented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 5th July 1868. hk, An adult male in alcohol, Godlpdra, Assam. Presented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 17th August 1867. * “4, An adult male in alcohol and its skull: two pairs of in- cisors. Bhamo, Upper Burma. Dr, J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western China, 1875. gj. The skeleton of an adult male. Godlpdra, Assam. Pre- sented by Raja Pirthi Ram Chowdry, 5th July 1868. &. The skulls, Nos, 47 A to C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Zt. The skeleton of aspecimen from Godlpara, Assam. Pre- sented by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 1868, Var. malaiana, _ A smaller variety, darker than the preceding, without the marked silvery grey; brownish, with a rusty hue; indistinct head markings as compared with var. javanica ; dorsal line well defined to lumbar region; upper incisors 2 to 4; skull 96 MAMMALIA. smaller than the skull of the previous race. Occurs in East- ern Bengal (Chittagong) and extends through Arakan to Malacca. m. A stuffed adult male and its skull, Nos. 47 B to D of Blyth’s Catalogue: two pairs of upper incisors. Malacca. Presented by the Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1846. n. A stuffed adolescent and its skull, Nos. 47 B, E, and G of Blyth’s Catalogue: two pairs of upper incisors. Malacca. Presented by the Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1846. o. A stuffed adolescent: brownish, with a dusky fuliginous- or dusky tinge. Probably Nos. 47.B F of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by Mr. Bell, 1857. p. Astuffed adolescent female: brownish fawn; hairs on the back white-tipped, and markings on the trunk moderately well defined; one pair of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 7th July 1870. g. A stuffed young male: dusky brown, tipped with white; dorsal line nearly black; two pairs of incisors, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 12th March 1870. 7. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 3rd March 1877. s. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male: two pairs of upper incisors. Penang. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Calcutta, 26th May 1877. t. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adolescent female: rufous brown, Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 18th January 1873. uw. The flat skin and skeleton of a male: like the last ; head markings partially defined ; two pairs of upper incisors. Pre- sented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 13th February 1875. v. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male: like the last; upper incisors wanting. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 22nd November 1875. w. The skin of an adolescent female: dark fawn-brown ; dorsal line nearly black; one pair of upper incisors. Pre- sented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 22nd March 1876. zg. The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male: like the last ; two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rut- ledge, Esq., 8th August 1876. y. A skeleton: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1st December 1872. z. The skeleton of a male: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Dr. J. Auderson, 1st December 1872. LORIS. 97 aa. The skeleton of an adult male: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 7th July 1878. 66. The skeleton and flat skin of an adult male: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., Ist February 1875. ec. Skeleton and flat skin of an adult: two pairs of upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 6th April 1877. dd, The skeleton and flat skin of an adult male: no upper incisors. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 25th April 1877. ee. The skeleton of an adult male: two pairs of upper in- cisors. Purchased, 29th June 1869. Jf. The mounted skeleton of an adult: no history. VaR. javanica. About the same size as var. malaiana, but much paler, especially on the head, which has the brown bands from above the eyes and ears well defined, and united to the dorsal line, which, like the head bands, is rich brown. gg. A stuffed adult and its skull, No. 47I of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845, Genus LORIS, Geoff., 1796. 84. Loris gracilis. Loris, Buffon, Nat. Hist. vol. xiii (1765), p. 210, pl. 30. Le Loris gréle, Audebert, Hist. des Singes et Makis, 1797, pl. ii. Loris gracilis, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. du Mus. vol. xix, 1812, p. 163 ; Dathbom, Stud. Zool. 1856, p. 211, pl. ix; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 19. Stenops gracilis, Kuhl, Beitr. 1820, p. 37. Nycticebus gracilis, Schlegel, Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. des Pays-Bas, 1876, p. 284, Hab. Ceylon; Southern India; (?) Shan States east of British Burma. 84a. A stuffed specimen, No. 48A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 6. A stuffed specimen, No. 48B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. c. A stuffed young individual and its skull, Nos. 48 C and E of Blyth’s Catalogue: with shorter limbs than a & 6.1 Presented by the Medical College, Calcutta, 1844, 1 Blyth : Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, p. 736. 98 MAMMALIA. d & e. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of a shorter- limbed young animal, and the imperfect skeleton of another. Both were received alive from Rangoon, where they had been purchased from a Shan, who had stated that he had obtained them in the Shan States to the east of British Burma. The skulls are distinguished by having smaller orbits and nar- rower and more pointed muzzles than those of animals from Ceylon and India. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1870. f. The skin and skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 30th April 1875. g. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 21st July 1876. h. The skeleton of an adult male. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 3rd February 1866. 1. The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 21st June 1874. j. A skeleton. Coromandel Coast. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. II.—Sus-Famity GALAGONIN A. Genus GALAGO, Geoff., 1796. 85. Galago senegalensis. fees Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, des Makis et des Galagos, g. 1. Galago senegalensis, Geoff, Rapp. Nat. des Makis, Magasin Ency- clopéd. vol. i, 1796, p. 20; Schreber. Saugeth. pl. xxviii. B.; Geoff. St.-Hil., Hist. Nat. des Mammif. \ivy". xxii, Nov. 1820, plate. Lemur galago, Shaw, Nat. Hist. vol. i, pt. i, 1800, p. 108. Otolicnus galago, Illiger, Syst. Prod. Mamm. 1811, p. 74. Galago geoffroyi, G. Fischer, Act. Soc. de Mosc. vol. i, p. 25. Hab. West Africa; Senegal ; Gambia.—Gray. 85a. The skin and skull of an adult in bad condition. Asiatic Society’s specimen. No history. 86. Galago garnetti. Otolicnus garnetti, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond. 1838, p. 6. Otogale garnetti, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 140. Galago garnetti, Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1864, p. 711. Hab. Natal. 86a. The skin and skeleton of an adult male, both mounted. PTEROPUS. 99 Presented by His Excellency the Viceroy, Earl Northbrook, 14th January 1875. IlI.—Famity TARSID. I.—Svus-Famity TARSINA. Genus TARSIUS, E. Geoff., 1812. 87. Tarsius spectrum. Lemur spectrum, Pallas, nov. spec., Quad.e Glir. ord.1778, p. 275, nt. Tarsius spectrum, Geoff. St.-Hil., Ann. dw Mus. t. xix, 1812, p. 168; Dalbhom, Stud. Zaol. 1856, p. 231, pl. xi. Hab. Malayan Archipelago (Philippines, Celebes, Java, and Sumatra). 87a. A stuffed adult; tail imperfect. Locality unknown. (Horsfield.) From the India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1830. IIT —Orper CHIROPTERA. I.—Sus-Orper MEGACHIROPTERA. I.—Famity PTEROPODIDA. I—Grovp PTEROPI. Genus PTEROPUS, Brisson, 1756. 88. Pteropus poliocephalus. Pteropus poliocephalus, Temm., Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, 1827, p. 179; Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 31. Hab. Australia. 88a. A stuffed adult male, No. 50A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Presented by the Sydney Institution, 1846. 100 MAMMALIA. 89. Pteropus rodricensis. Pteropus rodricensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., 1878, p. 36. Had. Island of Rodriguez. 89a. The skin and skull of an adult. Island of Rodriguez. Presented by J. Caldwell, Esq.,-4th November 1878. 6. The skin and skull of an adult. Island of Rodriguez. Presented by J. Caldwell, Esq., 4th November 1878. e. An adult male in alcohol. Island of Rodriguez. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. ad &e. Two skulls, one of an adult and the other of a young animal, The former was found in a cave along with bones Pezophaps solitarius. Island of Rodriguez. Presented by J. Caldwell, Esq., 30th May 1881. 90. Pteropus edulis. Pteropus edulis, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus.t. xv, 1810, p. 92; Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 49. Hab. Indo-Malayan Sub-region, extending also into some of the islands of the northern part of the Austro-Malayan Sub-region (Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands (Samar Island), Banda, Ternate, Timor).—Dodson. 90a. A stuffed adult female and its skull: the orbits of this skull are very perfect, the frontal, malar, and post-orbital processes having broadly united. No. 53A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Java. ‘Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 6. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull. No. 53B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. c. A stuffed adolescent male and its skull, No. 53C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. d. The skin in bad condition and its skull, No. 53D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by Dr, Helfer, 1839. e. The skin of an adolescent. South Australia. By ex- change with the Adelaide Museum, 1875. f. The skin of an adolescent. South Australia. By ex- change with the Adelaide Museum, 1875. PTEROPUS. 101 91. Pteropus medius.* Pteropus medius, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. t. i, p. 76; Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 51. Hab. India, Ceylon, Arakan, and Burma. 91a. The skin of an adult female, No. 51A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta, 1842-43. 6. The skin of an adult male, No. 51B of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Calcutta, 1842-43. ce. The skin of an adult male, No. 51C of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Calcutta, 1842-43. d. The skin of an adult male, No. 51D of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Calcutta, 1842-43, _e. The skin of a young male, No. 51E of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Calcutta, 1842-43. f. The skin of an adult female, No. 51F of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Calcutta, 1842-48. '-g. A stuffed adult female and skull, No. 51G of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta, 1842-43. hk. The skin and skull of an adult male, No. 511 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Mergui, Presented by Major Berdmore, 1855. , t. The skin of an adult male. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1868. j. A-stuffed adult male. Manbhim. Museum Collector, 1866. 1 In my note-book I find the following observation regarding this species: — “August 23rd, 1869.—This species has been flying for the last few days from the north to the south of the city, in immense numbers, immediately after sun- down. The sky, from east to west, has been covered with them as far as the eye could reach, and all were flying, with an evident purpose, and making for some common feeding ground. Over a transverse area of 250 yards, as many as 70 bats passed overhead in one minute, and as they were spread over an area of great breadth and could be detected in the sky on both sides as far as could be seen, their numbers were very great, but yet they continued to pass overhead for about half an hour. This is not the first time I have observed this habit in this species ; indeed, it was fmuch more markedly seen in August 1864, while I was residing in the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. The sky, immediately after sunset, was covered with this bat, travelling in w steady manner from west to east, and spread over a great expanse, all evidently making for one common goal, and travelling, as it were, like birds of passage with a steady purpose. I observed them, not only on one, but both sides of the river. But in the Botanical Garden I noticed that, whilst the great mass of bats passed on, a few were attracted by trees then in fruit and seemed to go no further. This continued for a number of successive nights, but I did not observe the bats returning.” 102 MAMMALIA. k. Yhe skin of an adult female. Ménbhim. Museum Collector, 1866. 2, The skin of an adult male. Manipur. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 26th August 1578. m. The skin and skull of an adult male. Chutia Nagpur. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 21st November 1868. n, The skeleton of an adult male. Presented by Wm. Rutledge, Esq., 16th August 1874. o. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1866. The head of this specimen is figured in Dobson’s Monograph of Asiatic Chiroptera, p. 18. p. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 1872. g. An adult female in alcohol. Pegu. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1873. 7. An adult male in alcohol. Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 4th December 1872. gs. The mounted skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 31st January 1866. t. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Presented by Wn. Rutledge, Esq., 16th August 18738. w. Askull. No history. VaR. assamensis. v. An adult male in alcohol. Sibségar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. 92. Pteropus nicobaricus. Pteropus nicobaricus, Fitzinger, Sitz. Wien. Akad. 1860, p. 389; Zelebor, Reise der dster. Freg. Novara, Saugeth. 1868, p. 11; Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, p. 198; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 54. Hab. Andaman and Nicobar Islands; Java; Pulo ; Condor. — Dobson. 92a. The skin and skull of an adolescent female, Java. No history. b. Askin of a young female, No, 52A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Typeof P. melanotus, Blyth. Nicobar Islands. Pre- sented by Captain Lewis, 1846. ce. The skin and skull of an adult female, No. 52B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Type of P. melanotus, Blyth. Nicobar Islands. Presented by Captain Lewis, 1846. d. The skin of an adult female. Black, but with the nape faintly chestnut. South Andamans. Presented by Lieut.- Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. CYNONYCTERIS. 103 é. The skin and skull of an adult male: the same as the last. In the skull the frontal and post-orbital processes are nearly fully united. South Andamans. Presented by Liect.- Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. J. Skin and skull of an adolescent female : like the last two. i Nicobar. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, g- A mounted adult male and its skull. Nicobars. Be- queathed by Dr. F. Stoliczka, to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 15th December 1875. 4. An adolescent male in alcohol. South Andamans. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel Tytler, 1863. 2, An adolescent female in alcohol. South Andamans. Presented by J, Homfray, Esq., 1871. J. An adult male in alcohol. South Andamans. Pre- sented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. &. An adolescent female in alcohol. South Andamans. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. 4. An adult female in alcohol, Andamans. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 30th May 1872. m & m. An adolescent and a young female in alcohol. South Andamans. Bequeathed by Dr. F. Stoliczka, to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 15th December 1875. o. Skeleton of an adult male, skin in alcohol. Nicobar Islands. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. p. The skull (marked P?. javanicus). Mergui. No history. 93. Pteropus keraudrenii. Pteropus keraudrenii (Quoy e¢ Gaim.) Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., 1878, p. 63. Hab. Polynesian Sub-region (except the Sandwich Isl- ands, Gilbert’s Group, Ellice’s Group, and the Islands east of Samoa), apparently generally distributed, extending from the Mariana Islands to Savage Island, and from the New Hebrides to Samoa.— Dodson. 93¢. An adult male in alcohol. Samoa. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. Genus CYNONYCTERIS, Peters, 1852. 94. Cynonycteris amplexicaudata. Pteropus amplexicaudatus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus. t. xv, 1810, p. 96; Dobson, Cat. Chiroptera, B. M., 1878, p. 72. 104 MAMMALIA. Hab, From the Persian Gulf to the Philippine Islands ; Bengal, Southern India, Ceylon, Burma, Celebes, Amboina, Timor, Aru Islands.— Dodson. 94a. A stuffed adult female, No. 54A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Coromandel Coast. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1846. 6. A stuffed adult male, No. 54B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon, Presented by Dr, E. F. Kelaart, 1851. Type of Pteropus seminudus, Kelaart. c. An adult female in alcohol. Singhbhim. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 1870. d, An adult female in alcohol. Luzon, Philippine Islands. By exchange with the Berlin Museum. e. An adult female in alcohol. Pegu. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. j. An adult male in alcohol. Kishm Island, Persian Gulf, Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. g toi. Two adult males and one adult female in alcohol. Moulmain Caves. Presented by J. Armstrong, Esq., M.B., 29th August 1877. 95. Cynonycteris minor. Cynonycteris minor, Dohson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, p. 203, pl. xiv, fig. 9; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 73. Hab. Java. 95a. The skin and skull of an adult male, No. 55A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. Type. 96. Cynonycteris collaris. Pteropus collaris, I/liger, Abhandl. Akad. Berl. 1815, p. 84. Cynonycteris collaris, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 75. Hab. Equatorial and Southern Africa (West Africa, Ga- boon ; East Africa, Natal ; South Africa, Cape of Good Hope). — Dobson. 96a. The skin of an adult male, No. 56A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. South Africa. Presented by KE, L. Layard, Esq., 1859, Gents CYNOPTERUS. Sus-Genus CYNOPTERUS. 97. Cynopterus marginatus. Pteropus marginatus, Geoff, Ann. du Mus. t. xiv, p. 97. Cynopterus marginatus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M., 1878, p- 81. CYNOPTERUS. 105 _ Hab. India generally, from the Himalaya to Cape Como- rm; Ceylon, Andaman Islands, Arakan, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Siam, Sumatra, Java, Billiton Island, Borneo, Celebes, Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 97a to g. Seven skins of males and females. Calcutta. Nos. 58 A to G of Blyth’s Catalogue, 1841-51. h & 7%. An adult male and female in alcohol. Calcutta. No. 58J of Blyth’s Catalogue. j & & Two skins of adults, Nos. 58L & M of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Malacca. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. “. Two skins of adults, No. 580 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. m. The lgamentary skeleton of an adult: wanting the lower jaw. No. 58(?) of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Pre- sented by Dr. Kelaart. n & o. Two adults, male and female, in alcohol. No. 58 (?) of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart. g- An adult’ male and female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1866. 7. An adult femalein alcohol. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1868. s. A ligamentary skeleton. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1868. t. An adult male in alcohol. Chérdépunji. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. #, Anadult male in alcohol and its skull. Bhamo, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. v. A young female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by G. King, Esq., M.B., 6th March 1877. wtoaa. Three males and two females in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. 66 & ce, An adult male and female in alcohol. Andamans. Collected by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. dd, One adult female in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1872. The foregoing specimens from the Andaman Islands are the types of C. marginatus, var. andamanensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. Ixii, 1873, p. 201, pl. xiv, fig. 5, but which were placed by him under Cynopterus brachyotus, Muller, in his Monograph of the Asiatic Chiroptera, 1876, p. 26, fig. of ear, and p. 190. ee. A stuffed adult male. Alipore. Presented by J. Cockburn, Esq., Ist April 1878. . 106 MAMMALIA, If to hh. Skins of two males and of one young female. Penang. From the India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. ai & yj. Two females in alcohol. Calcutta. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. kk. An adult male in alcohol. No history. i. A female in aleohol. Kardéchi. By exchange with the Kardéchi Museum, 9th September 1878. 98. Cynopterus scherzeri. Pacyhsoma scherzeri, Fitzinger, Sitzungs. Wien. Akad. 1860, p. 389, (nom. nudum). Cynopterus scherzeri, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 84. Hab. Car-Nicobar Island. 98a & 6. An adult female and its young in alcohol. Car- Nicobar Island. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1873, eto e. Two adult males and one young female in alcohol. Car-Nicobar Island. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. 99. Cynopterus brachysoma. Cynopterus brachysoma, Dohson, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 260; 1873, p. 202, pl. xiv, fig. 7; 2bid., Cat. Chiropt. B.M. 1878, p. 85. Hab. Southern Andaman Islands. 99a. An adult female in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Type. II.—Grove MACROGLOSSI. Genus EONYCTERIS, Dobson, 1873. 100. HKonycteris spelea. Macroglossus spelzus, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 106; Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 261, pl. x, figs. 3 & 4. Eonyeteris spelwa, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 94. Hab. Burma (Farm Caves, Moulmain).—Dobson. 100a to d. Four adult females, one gravid, in alcohol. Farm Caves, Moulmain, Presented by Wm. Theobald, Esq., 1872. a the Type. RHINOLOPHUS. 107 e. A mounted skeleton of a male. Farm Caves, Moulmain. Presented by Wm. Theobald, Esq., 1872. J. An adult female in alcohol. Moulmain. No history. Genus MACROGLOSSUS, F. Cuv., 1825. 101. Macroglossus minimus. Pteropus minimus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus. t. xv, p. 97 (1810). Macroglossus minimus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 96. Hab. From the Himalaya (Darjeeling) through Burma to the Malay Archipelago, and North and West Australia. Probably distributed throughout all the islands of the Malay Archipelago, and extending as far east as New Ireland.— Dobson. 101la. An adult female in alcohol, No. 57A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1858. 6. The skin of an immature individual. Darjeeling. Pre- sented by Dr. F. Stoliezka, 1871. ec. A stuffed specimen. Siam. Collected by Dr. G. Finlayson ; from the India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880, Il.—Svuzs-Orper MICROCHIROPTERA. I.—Faminy RHINOLOPHIDA. I.—Svus-Famity RHINOLOPHIN A. Genus RHINOLOPHUS, Geoff., 1803. 102. Rhinolophus coelophyllus. Rhinolophus czlophyllus, Peters, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 426, pl. xxxiv; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 104. Hab, Moulmain; Tsagain, Upper Burma. 102a § 6. An adult male and female in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875, 103. Rhinolophus luctus. Rhinolopbus luctus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p. 24, pl. xxx; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 105. 108 MAMMALIA. Hah. India (Western Ghats; Himalaya, Nepal, Masuri, Darjeeling, Sikkim; Khasi Hills) ; Ceylon; Java; Sumatra; Borneo; Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 103a. The skin and skull of an adult, Nos. 62 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W.S. Sherwill, 1852. > 6, An imperfect skeleton, No. 62C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Prepared from a specimen presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1842, e. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by H. J. Elwes, Esq., 1470. d & e. An adult female and its foetus in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by J, Gammie, Esq., 1872. 104. Rhinolophus trifoliatus. Rhinolophus trifoliatus, Temm., Monogr. Mamm. t. ii, 1835-41, p. 27, pl. 31; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 106. Hab. India (Eastern Coast) ; Java; Borneo.— Dodson. 104a, An adult male in aleohol. Sihsdgar, Assam. Pre- sented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 16th December 1875. 105. Rhinolophus mitratus. Rhinolophus mitratus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiii, 1844, p. 483 ; xxii, 1852, p. 409; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 107. Hab. Peninsula of India (Chdibdsa). 105a & &. The skins of two adults, Nos. 63 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Chaibdsa. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel S. R. Tickell, 1843. 106. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling District. Presented by G. King, Esq., M.B., 6th March 1877, 106. Rhinolophus euryotis. Rhinolophus euryotis, Temminck, Monogr. Mamm. t. ii, 1835-41, p. 26, pl. 29 fig. 5; pl. 32 figs. 18, 14,15; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 108. : Hab. Amboina ; Aru Islands.—Dodson. 106a & 6. An adult female and male in alcohol, Am- boina. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. RHINOLOPHUS. 109 107. Rhinolophus pearsonii. Rhinolophus pearsonii, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. Mus. E. I. Co. (1851) p- 33; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 108. Hab. India (Masuri, Darjeeling, Khasi and Garo Hills, Tipai Mukh) ; Tibet; Yunnan (Hotha).—Dedson. 107@ § 4. Two adult males in alcohol, and the skull of b. Hotha, 4,500 feet, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the 1st Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. c. The skin of an adult. Tipai Mukh. Lushai Expedition. Museum Collector, 1872. 108. Rhinolophus macrotis. Rhinolophus macrotis (Hodgson), Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xiii, p. 485 ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 110. Hab. Himalaya (Nipal, Masuri). 108 a. An adult female in alcohol, No. 70A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Nipal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., 1842. b. Two adult males in alcohol, No. 70B of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Masuri. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1852, 109. Rhinolophus affinis. Rhinolophus affinis, Horsfield, Zool. Resch. in Java (1824); Temminck Monogr. Mamm. t. ii, p. 31 (1835) ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 112. Hab. Peninsula of Indiafrom the Himalaya to Cape Como- rin (inhabiting hill tracts) ; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra; Java; Borneo.— Dobson. 109@ to f. Six skins in very bad condition, Nos. 67 A to F of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon, Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852. , g toi, Three skins of adults, Nos. 68 A to C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Barrackpore. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1852-60. } to ¢, One adult male and two females in alcohol, No. 67H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852. m. Av adult male in alcohol. No history. Of the last three specimens, and including this, ‘a male and female answer to Kelaart’s description of R. rudidus; the third, a female, to 110 MAMMALIA. Horsfield’s original description of R. affinis.”—Dobson, Monogr. As. Chiroptera, p. 195. n & 0. Two adult females in alcohol. No history. p. An adult male in alcohol. Hotha, 4,500 feet. Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the lst Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. & ¢ & r. Two adult males in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by E. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. g. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by J. Gammie, Esq., 1872. 110. Rhinolophus andamanensis, Rhinolophus andamanensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., 1872, p. 337 ; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 118. Aab. Southern Andaman Island.—Dobson. 110@. An adult male in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1872. Zype. 111. Rhinolophus petersii. Rhinolophus petersii, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 337; ib., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 113. Hab. Unknown. 1lla § 6. Two adult males in alcohol, No history. Types. 112, Rhinolophus minor. Rhinolophus minor, Horsfield, Zoolog. Resch. in Java 1824; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 114. Hab. Peninsula of India; Yunnan; Burma; Siam; Sumatra; Java; Borneo ; Japan.— Dodson. 112a@ toc. Two adult females and one adult, sex undeter- minable. No history. Types. d. An adult female in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. e. An adult male in alcohol. Sibségar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1875. 118. Rhinolophus garoensis. Rhinolophus garoensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 337 ; ib., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 115. RHINOLOPHUS. 111 Hab. Garo Hills, Assam ; Himalaya (Masuri).— Dodson. 118a. An adult female in alcohol. Gdro Hills, Assam. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1871. Type. 114. Rhinolophus euryale. Rhinolophus euryale, Blasius, Archiv. fur. Naturg. Bd. 1, p. 493 Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 116. Hab. Europe (south of the Alps); Asia Minor (Syria); Northern Africa.— Dodson. 14a. An adult female in alcohol. Pisa, Italy. By ex- change with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 6 to f. Three males and two females inalcohol. Jerusalem, Palestine, 18th April 1#80, Collected and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 28th December 1880. 115. Rhinolophus hipposideros. Noctilio hipposideros, Bechstein, Naturg. Deutschl. p. 1194, 1801. Rhinolophos hipposiderus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 117. Hab. Palearctic Region; Southern and Middle Europe ; North-East Africa; Asia Minor; Java. 115a@ to c. Two adolescent males, and one adult female in alcohol. Europe. Presented by the Hungarian Museum, April 1863. 116. Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum. Vespertilio ferrum-equinum, Schreb. Saugeth, Bd. 1, p. 174 (1775). Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum, Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M., 1878, p. 119. Hab. Europe; Africa; Asia (Himalaya and Japan). 116a § 6. An adult male and female in alcohol, in very bad condition; Nos. 66C and D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Masuri. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1852. 2. tragatus, Hodgson, according to Blyth. e. An adult female in alcohol. Chuari, Chamba, 3,000 ft. Presented by Captain W. G. Murray, 1872. d. A skin of an adult, No. 72A of Blyth’s Catalogue. France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1856. e. A skin in bad condition, No. 65A_ of Blyth’s Catalogue, Darjeeling. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1857, Type of &. brevitarsus, Blyth. Dr. Dobson remarks, J.c., p. 197, that this may perhaps be A. minor. 112 MAMMALIA. f toh. Two adult males and one adult female. Europe. Pre- sented by the Hungarian Museum, April 1863. 117. Rhinolophus capensis. Rhinolophus capensis, Lichtenstein, Verz. Zool. Mus. Berl. 1823, p. 4 Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 121. Hab. South Africa (Zanzibar, Cape Colony). —Dobs22 117a. An adult male in alcohol. Cape of Good Hope. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. 118. Rhinolophus——(?). Rhinolophus——(?) Dobson, Monogr. Asiatic Chiropt. et Cat. Chiropt. Ind. Mus. 1876, p. 196. Hab. Unknown. 118a. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 119. Rhinolophus——(?) Rhinolophus—(?) Dobson, Monogr. Asiatic Chiropt. et Cat. Chiropt. Ind. Mus. Calcutta, 1876, p. 196. Hab. Unknown. 119. An adult male in alcohol. No history. T1.—Sus-Famtry PHYLLORHININ A. Genus TRIAINOPS, Dobson, 1871. 120. Trieenops persicus. Trianops persicus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, xl, p. 455, pl. xxviii ; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 124. Hab. Shirdz, Persia, 4,750 feet. 1202. An adult female in alcohol. Shirdz, Persia. Pre- sented by Lieut.-Colonel St. John, C.S.1., 1870. Zype, 4. An adult female in alcohol. Shiraz, Persia. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel St. J ohn, C.S.1., 1870. Zype. c. A skeleton of anadult male. Shiraz, Persia. Presented by Licut.-Colonel St. John, C.S8.1., 1870. Lype. PHYLLORHINA. 113 Genus PHYLLORHINA, Bonaparte, 1831. 121. Phyllorhina tridens. Phyllorhina tridens (Geoffroy), Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 131. Hab, Africa (Egypt, Zanzibar); Persia (Bushire) ; Sind (Karfchi). 121a to ff. Seventeen males and fifteen females in alcohol. From the temple of Denderah, Upper Egypt, 6th March 1880, where this bat occurs in immense numbers. Collected and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 1881. VaR. murraiana. Distinguished from typical P. tridens, by its somewhat shorter, broader, and less pointed ears, but which otherwise conform to the characters of the ears of P. ¢ridens. The projections, from the upper nose leaf are more marked than in P. tridens from Egypt, but in other respects the nose leaf is exactly as in it. The interfemoral and wing membranes are prolonged somewhat further down the tibia than is the case in bats of this species from Egypt, and the former membrane reaches the proximal end of the penultimate osseous caudal vertebra, It attains to a larger size than any of the foregoing bats from Egypt, and the following are the measurements of the adult female 24; total length of body, 2”-30; tail 1”; head 0-80; ear 0-70; breadth of ear 0°68; fore-arm 2”°07; thumb 0”32; third finger, metacarpal 1”-46 ; 1st phalanx 0°64 ; 2nd phalanx 0”*66; fifth finger, metacarpal 1”°16; Ist phalanx 0-60; 2nd phalanx 0-45; tibia 0’°74; foot 0”-40.” gg. An adult male in alcohol. Karachi. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 19th November 1877. hh. Anadult femalein alcohol. Karachi. By exchange with the Karécht Museum, 19th November 1877. . 4i, An adolescent female in alcohol. Karachf. By ex- change with the Kardéchi Museum, 19th November 1877. jj. An adult female in alcohol. Bushire. Persian Gulf, The Kardéchi Museum, by exchange, 29th August 1879. 122, Phyllorhina tricuspidata. . Rhinolophus tricuspidatus, Temm., Monogr. Mamm. vol. ii, p. 26, pl. “xxix fig. 4; pl. xxxii, figs. 1] and 12. Phyllorhina tricuspidata, Dobson, Cat, Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 131. H 114 MAMMALIA. Hab. Austro-Malayan Sub-region (Morty Island; Bat- chian Amboina; New Ireland),— Dobson. 122a. An adult female in alcohol. Batchian. By ex- ehange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 123. Phyllorhina stoliczkana. Asellia stoliczkana, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. May 1871, p. 106; Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, p. 263, pl. xx fig. 1. Phyllorhina stoliczkana, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 182. Hab. Penang, 123a. An adult male in alcohol. Penang. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Type. ; 124. Phyllorhina armigera. Bhinolophus armiger, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv, 1835, p. 699. Phyllorhina armigera, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 135. Hab, Himalaya (Masuri; Darjeeling ; Nepal; Khasi Hills) ; Ceylon ; China (Amoy).— Dodson. 124@. An adult male in alcohol, No. 74A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 1852. 6. A skin of an adult female in bad condition, No. 74 B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 1852. ec, An adult female in alcohol. Khasi Hills. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. d to f. Two adolescent females and one very young female in alcohol. Shillong, Khdsi Hills. Presented by Lt.- Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. g & k. Two adult females in alcohol. Katmandu, Nepal. -Museum Collector, 1871. a. Skin of an adult male. Darjeeling. Presented by H. J, Elwes, 1871. j. Skin of an adult male. Dr. Cantor. Penang. From the India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880, 125, Phyllorhina leptophylla. Phyllorhina leptophylla, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, 1874, p. 234; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 136. Hab, Khasi Hills ; Eastern Bengal.— Dodson, PHYLLORHINA. 115 125a. An adult male in alcohol. Khési Hills. - Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. Type. 126. Phyllorhina diadema. Rhinolophus diadema, Geoffroy; Ann. Mus, d’ Hist. Nat. live" xx, p. 263. Phyllorhina diadema, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 137. fiab. Peninsula of India generally; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra ; Java; Borneo; Timor ; Batchian Island ; Amboina ; Aru Islands ; Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 126a § 6. An adult male and female in alcohol, Nos. 75 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. KE. F. Kelaart, 1852. H. lankadiva, Kelaart. ce. Skin of an adult female in bad condition, No. 75C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852. d. Imperfect skeleton of an adult, No. 75D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852, e. A stuffed adult, No. 76A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Moul- main. Presented by Lt.sColonel 8S. R. Tickell, 1858: J. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. . g to 7. Three skins of adults. Udaipur. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 1871, j» An adult male in alcohol. Pullandur, Central Provinces. Presented by W. T, Blanford, Esq., 1871. &. The skull of an adult. No history. VaR. a. Phyllorhina masoni, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 338; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. WM. 1878, p. 138. Hab, Moulmain, Burma. 7. An adult male in alcohol. Moulmain. Presented by Captain Hood, 1872. Type. 127. Phyllorhina nicobarensis. Phyllorhina nicobarensis, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 262, pl. xx fig. 2; ibid., Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 188. Hab, Nicobar Islands. 127a. An adult female in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Zype. 116 MAMMALIA. 128. Phyllorhina galerita. Hipposideros galeritus, Cantor, Journ. As. Soc.. Beng. 1846, p. 183. Phyllorhina galerita, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 141. Hab. Peninsula of India (Decean) ; Penang ; Java ; Labuan. — Dobson. 128a. An adult female in alcohol. Lingsugur, Deccan. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 129. Phyllorhina speoris. Vespertilio speoris, Schneider, Suppl. Schreber, Sdugeth. Atlas, i, pl. 59 B. : Phyllorhina speoris, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, pp. 143 et 553. Hab. Oriental Region (Peninsula of India; Ceylon; Burma; Java and probably the other islands of the Malay Archipelago in the Indo-Malayan Sub-region).— Dobson. 129@ § 4. An adult female and male in alcohol, Nos. 78 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. South India. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1842. e. Skin of an adult, No. 78C of Blyth’s Catalogue. South India.’ Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1842. d tog. Four skins of adults, Nos. 78 D to G of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr, E. F. Kelaart, 1852. A. Skin of an adult, No. 78J of Blyth’s Catalogue. Dehra Dun. Presented by L. C. Stewart, Esq., 1854. 2. Skull of an animal from the Deccan, No. 78K of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. jton. An adult male and female, and one young male, and two young females in alcohol. Ceylon. Presented by E. L. Layard, Esq. o. An adult male in alcohol. Prome, Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. p. An adult female in alcohol. Chdnda. Museum Col- lector, 1869. 7 gto s. An adult male and female and young in alcohol. Trichinopoly. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel Beddome, 19th November 1877. ttou. Two adult females in alcohol. Travancore. Pre.” sented by Lt,-Colonel Beddome, 9th September 1878, oe PHYLLORAINA. lg 130. Phyllorhina larvata. Rhinolophus larvatus, vulgaris, insignis et deformis, Horsfeld, Zoolog. Resch. in Java (1824). : Phyllorhina larvata, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 145. Hab. Kastern Bengal (Khasi hills; Sylhet, Godlpdra, Arakan) ; Burma; Penang, Prome, Tenasserim ; Siam ; Java; Philippine Islands.—Doedson. 130a to c. Three skins of adults, Nos. 77 A to C of Blyth’s Catalogue: in bad condition. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur Phayre, 1842. d tof. Three skins of adults; Nos. 77 D to G. The skull of oe Sylhet. Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., C.S., 853. g. An adult male in aleohol. Goalpéra, Assam. Presented by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 1868, Ato y. Six males and twelve females in alcohol. Caves on right bank of Irrawadi opposite to Prome, Burma. Dr. J, Anderson. Presented by the lst Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. The skull of separate. zt0 66. Two adult males and a gravid ‘female in alcohol. Khasi hills. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. ec, An adult female in alcohol. Sylhet, Presented by EF. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. dd to hh. One male and four adult females. Pega. Pre- sented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872, ai. The skeleton of an adult from the caves opposite to Prome, Burma. Dr.J.Anderson. Presented by the Ist Ex- pedition te Western Yunnan, 1863. jj. An imperfect skull of an adult from the caves opposite to Prome, Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. kk & ii. Two adult males in alcohol from Ashoun, Tenas: sevim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 4th Mareh 1877. mm & nn. Two adult males in alcohol from near Moulmain, Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. oo. A female in alcohol. Prome. Bequeathed to the: Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 14th December 1875, 131. Phyllorhina bicolor. Rhinolophus bicolor, Temm., Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p. 18. Phylorkina bicolor, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 148. 118 MAMMALIA, Hab. The Oriental Region. Typical examples have been found chiefly in tbe Indo-Malayan Sub-region (Nicobar Islands, Java, Borneo, Philippine Islands). Two of the varieties (Phyllorhina amboinensis and P. aruensis) extend into the northern parts of the Australian Region.—Dodson. 181a to &. Seven adult females, and four newly-born females, reddish chestnut, in alcohol. Nicobar Islands. Pre- sented by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1878. : Vaz. a. Phyllorhina fulva. Hipposideros fulvus et murinus, Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot. vol. ii, p. 492 (1838). Phyllorhina fuiva, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. Mf. 1878, p. 149. Hab. The continental parts of the Oriental Region ; India, Ceylon, Burma, China (Amoy).—Dodson, 132¢. The skin of an adult, No. 79A of Blyth’s Catalogue and typeof Hipposideros cineraceus, Blyth. Pind Dadan Khan, Punjab Salt Range. Presented by W.. Theobald, Esq., 1853. m too, An adult male and two adult females in alcohol: mand » are No. 79B of Blyth’s Catalogue, whereas o is No. 80A of Blyth’s Catalogue, and is a small specimen with the wings from the side of the tarsi: taken from an unlabelled bottle containing several species. m and are from Pind Dédan Khan, Punjab Salt Range. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1853. The history of o is unknown. ptoes. A young male and two adolescent males, and one adolescent female ; probably No. 80B of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. ¢. Skin of an adult in very bad condition. South India. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1842. wu & v. Two skins of adults. Chanda, Museum Collector, 1867. w & x. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of w. Ponsee. Kakhyen hills, 3,500 ft. Dr.J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. y to ce. Five adult males in alcohol: fur bright golden yellow throughout. Cave No. 5, Tsagain, right’ bank of the Irrawadi, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. dd to ee, Au adult male and female in alcohol : fur white at the base, with dark-brown extremities, Cave No. 4, Tsagain, right bank of the Irrawadi, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. PHYLLORHINA, 119 Jf to qq. Nine adult males and three adult females in alcohol: fur white at the base, with dark-brown extremities. Cave No. 8, Tsagain, right bank of the Irrawadi, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. rr, The skin of an adult female. Agra. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, Agra, 1869. ss. An adult female in alcohol. Chérépunji. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. tt §& uu. An adult male and female in alcohol.. Sibsagar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. vv. An adult female in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by E. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. ww to yy. Two males and a female in alcohol. Kachh. Presented by Dr, F. Stoliczka, 1872. zz to ddd. Three females and two adult males. Prome, Burma. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. The three females are pregnant, and the fur is bright goldeu yellow. ; eee. An adult male in alcohol: very dark coloured, Nazira, Assam. Presented by J. M. Foster, Esq., 1872. Jff to iii. Three males and one female in alcohol. Gauri Sagar Temple, Assam. Presented by J. M. Foster, Esq., 1875. jj. A skin of an adult. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1868. kkk & li, An adult and an adolescent male in alcohol, Travancore. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 9th Sep- tember 1878. mam & nnn, An adult female.and male in alcohol. Alla- habad. Presented by John Cockburn, Esq., 20th March 1877. ooo. An adult in alcohol. Chdéraépunji. Bequeathed by Dr. F. Stoliczka-to the Asiatie Society of Bengal, 15th December 1875. Vaz. b. Phyllorhina amboinensis. Phyllorhina amboinensis, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berl. 1871, p. 323; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 150. Haé. Amboina; Peninsula of India.—Dodson. ppp & qqq. An adult male and female in alcohol. Ling- sugur, Deccan. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. 132. Ceelops frithii. Celops frithii, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxii, p. 251; vol. xxi, p: 361 ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B, M. 1878, p. 162. 120 MAMMALIA. Hab. Bengal (Sundarbans) ; Java. 182a. Askin ina very dilapidated condition, No. 81A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Sundarbans, Bengal. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1846. Zype. II.—Famity NYCTERIDA.. 1.—Svus-Famity MEGADERMIN #. Genus MEGADERMA, Geoffroy, 1810. Suzn-Genus LYRODERMA, Peters. 133. Megaderma lyra. ‘ Megaderma lyra, Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, +. xv, p. 190 (1810); p. 5 (1839) ; Suppl. Schreb., Sdugeth. v, p. 641 (1855) ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 156. 8 Hab. Peninsula of India (from Kashmir to - Cape Como- rin) ; Ceylon.— Dodson, ; 138a to c. The skins of two adult females and of one adult, Nos. 59 B, C, and D of Blyth’s Catalogue, Calcutta. d & e. The skins of two adult males, No. 59E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1852. JS to kh. Two adult females and one adult male in alcohol. No history. . i & 7. Two imperfect skeletons, one wanting the skull ; Nos. 591 and J of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Mr. W. Masters, 1842. & & 2. Anadult male and a foetus in alcohol. -Raniganj. Purchased. m to p. The skins of three adult males and one female. An old Fort near Chénda, Central Provinces. Museum Collector, 1867. q § 7. A stuffed adult and the skin of an adult. Singh- bhum. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 31st February 1869. sto u. Two males and one female in alcohol, one of the males newly born. No history. » to aa, Five males, and one female in aleohol. These are all mature foetuses. Agra. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1869, 6b to cc. A skin and a stuffed adult. Agra, Presented. by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1869, MBEGADERMA. 121 dd to ee. Two adult males in aleohol. Sylhet, Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1870. Jf to qq. Five adult females, one young female, and four young males and two newly-born males. All of these speci- mens were obtained at the same time and p‘ace in an out-house at Mr. Shillingford’s indigo factory near Purneah; all the young, even the largest, were adherent to the teats, some at- tached to the abdominal, and others to the pectoral nipples, and I observed that they moved about with great energy from one teat to another. Besides these I examined about forty other females, and each had only one young one with it. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. _ arto tt. Two females and one male in alcohol, Nassik. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Haughton, 1872. uu. A perfect skeleton prepared from an examzle without a history, 1872. vv. An adult male in alcohol. Alipore, Calcutta. Pre- sented by J. Cockburn, Esq., 1877. ww. An adult male in alcohol. Ghazipur. Presented by W. Whitwell, Esq., 5th December 1877. ag to zz. A young male and two adult females in alcohol. Travancore. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 9th Sep- tember 1878. aaa, The skin of an adult, in bad condition. Nepal. From India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 6b § cee, An adult malefrom Purneah and an adalt female from Réniganj in alcohol. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. 134, Megaderma spasma. Vespertilio spasma, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 32. Megaderma spasma, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 157. Hab. Malayan Peninsula, Malacca; Siam; Philippine Islands, Ternate, Celebes, Sumatra, Java (?), Ceylon.— Dodson, 134a, Theskin of an adolescent; No. 61A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 6c. The skins of two adults, Nos. 61 B& C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacca. Presented by Mr. W. G. Moxon, 1850. d & e. An adult female and male in alcohol, Nos. 60 A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by W. Theo- bald, Esq., 1855. The Types of MW. horsfieldi, Blyth. 122 MAMMALIA. II.—Svus-Fauiry NYCTERIN ZA. Genus NYCTERIS, Geoffroy, 1803. 135. Nycteris javanica. Nycteris javanicus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus.,, t. xx, p. 20 (1813). Nyecteris javanica, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 164. Hab. Java; Malayan Peninsula (Malacca).—Dodson. 185a. The skin of an adult, No. 82A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1846. é. The skin and skull of an adult, in bad condition; No. 82B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacca, Presented by Mr. W. G. Moxon, 15851. 136. Nycteris thebaica. Nycteris thebaica, Geoffroy, Descr. de l’ Egypt, t. ii, p. 119, 1812, pl. 1, 2 No. 2. Nycteris thebaica et capensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 165. Hab. South and East Africa. 186a. An adult female in alcohol. The minute second premolar is in the line of the other teeth, but in all its other characters this specimen corresponds to the figure and de- scription of WN. thebaica. There does not appear, in view of the relations of the second premolar in this specimen, to be any valid reason for separating N. thebaica as a species distinct from N. capensis. The ruins of Karnak, Upper Egypt, 23rd March 1880. Collected and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 15th January 1881. III.—Famitry VESPERTILIONIDA. I—Grovpe PLE COTT. Genus NYCTOPHILUS, Leach, 1822. 137. Nyctophilus timoriensis. Ase timoriensis (Geoffroy), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 172, Had. The Australian Region; from the Island of Timor to Tasmania, from West Australia to the Fiji Islands.— Dobsgyy. PLECOTUS. 128 137a. The skin of an adult, No. 97A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Sydney Institution, 1846, Genus SYNOTUS, Keys & Blas., 1839. 188. Synotus dargelinensis. Plecotus dargelinensis, Hodgson, Ann. g¢- Mag. Nat. Hist. 1855, vol. xvi, p. 103. Synotus dargelinensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. MZ. 1878, p. 177. Had. India (Darjeeling, Khdsi Hills, Sikhim, Masuri, Simla) ; Yarkand.— Dodson. 138¢@ § 6, An adult male and female in aleohol, Nos. 116 A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Masuri. Presented by Capt. T. Hutton, 1844. ce. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling, Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1869. d, Anadult female in alcohol. Léchung, Sikhim, 8,000 ft. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. e. An adult female in alcohol. Simla. Presented by Moulvie Ator Ruhman, 1872. J. An adult female in alcohol. Dr. F. Stoliezka. Yangi- hissar, between Kashghar and Yarkand. Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874. g- Askull. No history. Genus PLECOTUS, Geoffroy, 1812. 139. Plecotus auritus. Vespertilio auritus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 47; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 178. Hab. The Palearctic Region, extending from Ireland through Europe and North Africa to the Himalaya, and _pro- bably generally distributed throughout the temperate parts of Asia.— Dobson. 189a. An adult female in alcohol, No 114A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 1853, 6 & c. The skins of two adults, Nos. 114B & C of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by H. E. Strickland, Esq., and Mr. Davison, 1844-47. d. A stuffed adult, No. 114D of Blyth’s Catalogue. France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1854. 124 MAMMALIA. e. An adult in alcohol. Berlin. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. jf. An adult male in alcohol. Netley, England. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. g to k. Two males and three adult femaies in alcohol. Leh. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874. Zio uw. Three males and seven females in alcohol. From the tombs of the Kings, Babel Moulouk. Left bank of the Nile, Upper Egypt. Collected and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 1881. II,—Grove VESPERTILIONES. Gexus VESPERUGO, Keys and Blas., 1839. Sus-Genus VESPERUS. 140. Vesperugo serotinus. Vespertilio serotinus, Schreber, Séugeth, Bd. i, p. 167, pl. 53. Vesperugo serotinus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 191. Hab. The Palearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Nearctic, and Neotropical regions.— Dobson. 140a § 6. Two skins. Shiraz, South Persia. Museum Col- lector, 1871. Types of Hesperus shiraziensis, Dobson. c. The skin of an adult, No. 100A of Blyth’s Catalogue. France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1852. d. An adult female in aleohol. Gallicia. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. e toh. Two adult males, an adult female, and a young female. Kashmir. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the Second Yar- kand Mission, 1474. _itoj. Two females in alcohol. Shirdz, South Persia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Eastern Persian Boundary Commission, 1871-72. & & 7. An adult male in alcohol. Darrang, Assam. Pre- sented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 141. Vesperugo andersoni, Vesperus andersoni, Dobson, Proé. As. Soc. Beng. Sept. 1871, p. 211. Vesperugo andersoni, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1873, p. 195. Hab. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. VESPERUGO. 125 141@, Anadult male in alcohol. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868, Type. b, The skeleton of an adult male. Teng-yue-chow, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 1st Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. Type. 142. Vesperugo nasutus. Vesperugo nasutus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. p. 311, 1877; tbid., "Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 200. Hab. Shixérpur, Sind. 142a. An adult male in alcohol. Shikarpur, Sind. Pre- sented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th August 1878. Type. 143. Vesperugo atratus. Nycticejus atratus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng., No. 96. Vesperugo atratus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 206. Hab. Himalaya (Darjeeling). 1484 & 6. Two adult females in alcohol, Nos. 96 A& B of Blyth’s Catalogue; one much dilapidated. Darjeeling. Pre- sented ky Major W. S. Sherwill, 1853. Types of Wycticejus atratus, Blyth. e. The skin of an adult in bad condition, Darjeeling. Presented by Dr, F. Stoliczka, 1871; . 144. Vesperugo discolor. Vespertilio discolor, Matterer, Kuhl, Deutsch. Flederm. Wetter. Ann. vol. iv (1819). Vesperugo discolor, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 204. Hab. The Palearctic Region. In Europe extending from Englard through Southern Sweden and Russia to the Ural Mountains, and southwards through France, Germany and Italy ; chiefly found, however, in the mountain tracts of these countries. In Asia recorded as yet from Western Siberia (Barvaul) and Eastern Turkistan (Kizil, Yangihissar) only. —Dobson. 144a. An adult male in alevhol, Berlin. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1875. b §& c. An adolescent male and female in alcohol. Kizil. Dr. F. Stoliczka, Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874, 126 MAMMALIA, d & e. An adult and adolescent female in alcohol. Yangi- hissar. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874. 145. Vesperugo pachyotis. Vesperugo (Vesperus) pachyotis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 211; «bid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 206. Hab. Khasi Hills, Assam, 145a & 6. An adult male and female in aleohol. Khasi Hills. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. 146. Vesperugo: pachypus. Vespertilio peehypas, Lemminck, Monogr. Mammal, vol. ii, p. 217, pl. 54, figs. 4—6. Veaparies pachypus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 208. Had, Oriental Region; Peninsula of India (Darjeeling) ; Tenasserim Province ; Andaman Islands ; Sumatra, Java, Philippine Islands. —Dobson. 1462 ¢o e, An adult male and four females in alcohol, No. 103A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1853. Types of Scotophilus fulvidus, Blyth. g. Two adult females in alcoho]. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. hk. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F, Stoliczka, 1871. 2 to s. Nine adult females, and one adult and one adolescent male in alcohol. Andamans. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq., 1871. t.to ff. Seven females and six males in alcohol. Andamans. Collected by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. : gg. The skeleton of an individual from the Andamans. Collected by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. hh, A skull. No history. zi, An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. An adult female in alcohol. Andaman Islands. Be. queathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. er 15th December 1875. Sus-Genus VESPERUGO. 147. Vesperugo noctula. Vespertilio noctula, Schreber, Séiugeth. Bd. i, p. 166, pl. 52 (1775). Vesperugo noctula, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 212, VESPERUGO. 127 Hab, Palearctic, Ethiopian, and Oriental Regions, extending ‘ “from England to Japan, and from the Scandinavian Peninsula to Southern Africa. In Europe generally distributed; in Asia extending from Western Turkestan along the Himalayas and other mountain ranges to Ceylon, and through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Java; in Africa recorded from the northern parts, and from Mozambique.—Dodbson. 147a. The skin of an adult, No, 89A of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by H. E. Strickland, Esq., 1845. 6 & ¢c. Two skins of adults, Nos. 89 Band C of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1844. d. An adult male in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. : e. An adult female in alcohol. Gallicia. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 148. Vesperugo leisleri. Vespertilio leisleri, KuhZ, Ann. Wetteran. Gleselisch. Naturk. 1819, Bd. i, p. 47. Vesperugo leisleri, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 215. Hab. Kurope and the temperate regions of Asia, extending from the Azores to the Himalaya. 148a. The skin of an adult, No. 102A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. England. Presented by H. E. Strickland, Esq., 1845. &. An adult female in alcohol. Brandenbourg. By ex- change with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 149. Vesperugo imbricatus. Vespertilio imbricatus, Horgfd., Zool. Resch. in Java, 1874, Vesperugo imbricatus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 217. Hab, Malayan Peninsula (Malacca) ; Java.— Dobson. 1492. Anadult malein alcohol. Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 150. Vesperugo maurus. Vesperugo maurus, Blasius, Wiegm, Arch. 1858, p. 35; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 218. : Hab. The Palearctic and Oriental Regions, extending from the Canary Islands (Palma, Teneriffe) and Middle 128 MAMMALIA. Europe (Switzerland and Tyrol) to China (Pekin, Amoy, Cochin China), India (Khdsi Hills) and the Malay Archipel-. ago (Java),—Dobson. 150a. An adult male in alcohol. Geneva. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 6. An adult male in alcohol. Chadrépunji. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1871. Type of Vesper- ugo austenianus, Dobson. ; ce. An adult male in alcohol. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented by 8S. E. Peal, Esq., 1875. d. An adult female in alcohol. Allahabad. Presented by John Cockburn, Esq., 19th March 1877. e. An adult male in alcohol. Sind. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 4th June 1878. f. An adult female in alcohol. Assam. Bequeathed to. the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. : 151. Vesperugo affinis. Pipistrellus affinis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 218. Vesperugg, affinis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 220. Hab. Upper Burma (Bhamo, 450 feet). 15la. An adult female in alcohol. Bhamo, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 1st Expedition to West- ern Yunnan, 1868. Type. 152. Vesperugo pipistrellus. Vespertilio pipistrellus, Schreb., Séugeth. i, p. 167, pl. 54 (1775). Vesperugo pipistrellus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 223. Hab. The Palearctic Region, apparently generally dis- tributed.— Dodson. 152a, An adult male in alcohol. Berlin, Prussia. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872, _ 6. An adult male in alcohol. England. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. etoy. Three adult and one adolescent male, and four adult females in alcohol. Yangihissar, Dr. F. Stoliezka. Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874, _& top. Three males and three females in alcohol. Kaér- ghalik, south of Yarkand, 29th and 30th May 1874. Dr. F. Stoliczka, Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1874. VESPERUGO. 129 q6r. An adult male and female. Kashmir. Dr. F, as Presented by the Second Yarkand Mission, 1873- s. An adult female in alcohol. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. Labelled /. xathusii, Keys and Blas. t. The skin of an adult, No.-104A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Amoy, China. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. Scoto- philus pumiloides, Tomes apud Blyth. 153. Vesperugo abramus. Vespertilio imbricatus, Zemm. (non Horsfield) Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p- 216, pl. 54; Wagner, Suppl. Schreb. Saugeth. v, p. 738 (1855). Vespertilio abramus, Z'emm., l. c., p. 232, pl. 58; Wagner, 1. c., p. 739. Vesperugo abramus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 226. Hab. Apparently generally distributed throughout the Oriental Region, extending from India through Burma and China to Southern Japan and the Islands of the Malay Archipelago ; also to the northern part of the Australian Region (Celebes, New Guinea, North Australia); found during the summer months in the Palzarctic Region throughout middle Europe (8/asius) from the Rhine to Southern Russia, and from Northern Germany to the Mediterranean, even extending into Sweden (Mlsson).—Dodbson. 153¢ foe. Three skins of adults in very bad condition, No. 105A of Blyth’s Catalogue, Calcutta. No history. Scotophilus coromandelianus, ¥. Cuv., after Blyth. ' @ & e, An adult male and female in alcohol; No. 105B of Blyth’s Catalogue, Caleutta. No history. f to h. Three skulls in bad condition, Ne. 105C of Blyth’s Catalogue, Caleutta. No history. i to t. One male and three females in alcohol. No history. m. An adult male in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented by J. Homfray, Esq. nm. An adult malein alcohol. Pegu. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. o. A young male in alcohol. Chanda. Museum Collector, 1867. pq. An adult male and female in alcohol. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1867. : r to. Four young males, one adolescent male and one adult, and one adolescent female. Shirdz, Persia. Museum Collector, 1871. y. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by H. J. Elwes, Esq., 1871. 1380 MAMMALIA. gz. The skin of an adult. Hazdrib’gh. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. aa. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by L. Mandelli, Esq., 1872. 66 to mm. Two adult and one adolescent males, and eight adult and one adoleseent females. Khdsi Hills. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 1872. nn torr. Five skins of immature specimens. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented by 8S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. ° ss to vv. Four adolescent males in alcohol. Pachwé4ra, Presented by H. Whitwell, Esq., 1872. ww. An adult female in alcohol. Hazaribégh. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. rz, An adult female in alcohol. Sirguja. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. yy to 666. One adult, one adolescent, and one young female, and one young male in alcohol. Goélpdéra, Assam. Presented by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 1872. cece & ddd, Two adult females in alcohol.. Géro Hills. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1872. cece & fff. An adult male and female in alcohol. Nazira, Assam. Presented by J. M. Lister, Esq., 1872. ggg. An adult female in aleohol. Manipur Hills. Pre- sented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. hhh to kkk. One adult male and three adult females. Sib- sdgar, Assam, Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. “ii, An adult male in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by E. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. mmm to sss. Three males and four females in alcohol. Chutia Nagpur. Presented by W. T. Blavford, Esq., 1872, ttt & wuuw. An adult female and an adolescent male in alcohol. Purneah. Presented by Dr, J. Anderson, 1872. vev. An adult male in alcohol. Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. www to 6666. Six adult males in alcohol. Darjeeling. Pre- sented by W. S. Atkinson, Esq., 1872. ccee to mmmm. One adult, two adolescent, and one young male ; and one adult, four adolescent, and two young females in alcohol. India, 1872. No history. nunn to rrrr. Two adult, one gravid, and two adolescent females in bad condition in alcohol. Réjanpur, Punjab Frontier. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1872. ssss to aaaaa. Two adult and three young males, and three adult and one young female, in alcohol. Darrang, Assam, VESPERUGO. 131 Duffla Expedition 1874. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H, H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. 66666. An adult in alcohol. Sind. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. eccce. An adolescent male in alcohol. Calcutta. Pre- sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 9th September 1878. ddddd. An adult female in alcohol. Japan. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. This specimen in the catalogue of the Asiatic Chiroptera, was (p. 216) referred to V. akokumuli, Temm. eeeee. The skeleton of an adult female from the Khasi Hills. Presented by Lieut. J. H. Bourne, 8th April 1873. 154. Vesperugo kuhlii. Vespertilio kuhlii, Natt. in Kuhl, Deutsch. Flederm. Wetteran Ann. iv, p. 58 (1817). Vesperugo kuhlii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 230. Hab, Southern Europe, countries south of the Pyrenees, andthe Alps; Northern Africa; Southern Asia, Palestine, Persia, Balichistén, India; probably generally distributed throughout these countries. — Dobson. 154a & 6. Two. skins of adults in very bad condition, No. 99A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history, Types of Nyeticezus canus, Blyth. ec & d. Twoskins of adults. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1867, e & f. Twovery young femalesin alcohol. Calcutta. Pre- sented by Mr. Dillon, 1866. g. Av adolescent male in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1870. A. An adult female in alcohol. Purneah. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. : 2 & j. An adolescent male and an adult female in alcohol. Dhappa, Calcutta. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 1872. _k& i, An adult male and female in alcohol. Lingsugur, Deccan. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. m & n. An adult male and female in alcohol. North Italy. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. o. Skin of an adult. Shiraz, Persia. Museum Collector, 1871. p. An adult male in aleohol. Réjanpur, Punjab Frontier. Presented by W. F. Murray, Esq., M.B., 1871. Type of var. leucotis, Dobson. 132. MAMMALIA. q to s. Three adult females in alcohol, South-East Persia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Eastern Persia Commission, 1872. t. One adult. male in alcohol. Shird4z, South Persia. W.T. Blanford, Esq. Eastern Persia Boundary Commis- sion, 1872. . u. One adult female. Karman, South-East Persia. W. TP. Blanford, Esq. Eastern Persia Boundary Commission, 1872. », An adult female in alcoho!. Bampur, Baldohistan. W. TT. Blauford, Esq. Eastern Persia Boundary Commis- sion, 1872. Z w to y. An adult and adolescent male and one adult female in alcohol. Shikdrpur, Sind. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. z to 66. An adult female with two foetuses. Calcutta. Presented by.Mr. H. Phillip, 24th March 1875. ec. A stuffed specimen in bad condition. Sent by the Asiatic Society of Bengal to the India Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. Labelled Scotophilus lobatus, Gray, 155. Vesperugo annectens. Pipistrellus annectens, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 215. ‘Vesperugo annecters, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 234, Hab. Nagé Hills, Assam. 155¢. An adult female in alcohol. Ndg4& Hills, Assam, Presented by Captain J. Butler, 1871. Type. Sozs-GEnus HESPEROPTERUS, Peters. 156. Vesperugo tickelli. Nycticejus tickelli, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xx, p. 157. Vesperugo tickelli, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 240. Hab. Peninsula of India (Chaibés4, Jashpur, Sirguja); Ceylon.— Dodson, 156a to ¢, Three skins of adults, Nos. 95 A to C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Chaibésd. Presented by Lt-Colonel S. R. Tickell, 1842. Pypes. d. Askull, No. 95D of Blyth’s Catalogue from an indivi- dual. Presented by Lt.-Colonel 8. R. Tickell, 1842. e tog. An adult male and two females in alcohol. Anda- mans. Presented by Lt.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1864. ' - Askin of an adult. Singhbhtim. Museum Collector, $69. 5 SCOTOPHILUS, 138 7, An adult male in alcohol. Sirguja. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. J. The skin of an adult. Jashpur. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. &. An adult male in alcohol. Tenasserim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. - 157. Vesperugo planfordi. Vesperugo blanfordi, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 242. Hab. Tenasserim. 157a. An adult male in alcohol. Tenasserim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. Type. & An adolescent male in alcohol. Johore, Presented by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1873. Gznus CHALINOLOBUS, Peters, 1866. 158. Chalinolobus gouldii. Chalinolobus gouldii (Gray), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 250. Hab. Australia (Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia) ; Tasmania.— Dodson. 158. The skin of an adult, No. 97A of Blyth’s Catalogue, Australia, Presented by the Sydney Institution, 1846. Genus SCOTOPHILUS, Leach, 1822. Svz-Gzenvus SCOTOPHILUS. 159. Scotophilus temminckii. Scotophilus (?) kublii, Leach, Trans. Linn. Soe. xili (1822), p. 71. Veanertilio ee Horsfield, Zool. Reschs. in Java (1824), Scotophilus temminckii, Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1378, p. 258. Hab. The Oriental Region (Peninsula of India, Ceylon, Barma; Southern China; Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the Philippine Islands).— Dodson. 1594 to 7. Twelve skins of adults, Nos. 92A and 938A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. : to r. Three males and three females in alcohol, No. 93B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. 4,7, § 8 are apparently fully grown (WV. dufeus, Blyth). 134 MAMMALIA. — s toy. Seven skins.. Asiatic Society of Bengal. No history. z & aa. Two skullsin bad condition, No. 93C of Blyth’s Catalogue labelled W. delangert. Calcutta. No history. bb. A skeleton, No, 92 of Blyth’s Catalogue labelled N. flavescens, Blyth. cc. A skull, No. 92C of Blyth’s Catalogue labelled N. luteus. dd. Animperfect skeleton, No. 92D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. ee. The skin of an adult, No. 94A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. ff. The skin, No. 94B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Dacca. Pre- sented by Lt.-Colonel R. C. Tytler, 1860. | gg to wi. Three adult males in alcohol. Kyndoolip, Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to West- ern Yunnan, 1868. jj to Ul. Three adult females. No history. mm & nn. One mounted adult and one skin. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., labelled WV. Zuteus. oo to qq. One adolescent and one young male, and one adult female. Réaniganj. Purchased, 1869. rr to uu. Two adolescent and two adult males in alcohol. Caleutta. Purchased, 1870. vv. One adult male in alcohol. Rajmahal. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 1868. ww to xz. Two adult males in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 1868. yy to fff. One adult, three adolescent, and one young male, and two adults and one adolescent female. Calcutta. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. ggg. An adult male in alcohol. Bildspur. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1870. : Ahh, An adult male in alcohol. Allahabad. Presented by H. Whitweil, Esq., September 1872. iti to mmm. Three adult males and two adult females, Bengal. Museum Collector, 1867. nnn. An adult female in alcohol. Burma. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. ooo. The skeleton of an adult. Calcutta. Presented by G. King, Esq., M.B., 1866. ppp & qqq. Two males in alcohol. Gauhati, Assam. Pre- sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B. rrr & sss. Two adult males in aleohol. Dhappa. Pre- sented by O. L. Fraser, Esq. SOUTOPHILUS. 135 * ttf, An adult female in alcohol. Allahabad. Presented by J. Cockburn, Esq. ; uuu § vvov. Two skins of an adult male and female. Al- Jahabad. Presented by J. Cockburn, Esq. www. An adult male in alcohol. Nilgiris. Presented by- W. Theobald, Esq. wre § yyy. Two skins. Chénda, Museum Collector, 1867. zez. Askin. Cachar. Museum Collector, 1867. aaaa. A mounted specimen. Calcutta. A. C. Carllyle, Esq., 1863. 6066. The perfect skeleton of an adult. Caleutta. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. ecec, The perfect skeleton of a smaller specimen than the preceding. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. dddé to hhhk, Four femaies and one male in alcohol. No history. ziti. An adolescent male in alcohol. Chanda. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1870. iii to mmmm. One adult male and three adult females in alcohol. Marampur, Assam. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. The fur of izet & 7777 is réddish yellow and that of “&hk § Ui is brown. nnnn. An adolescent female in aleohol. WNo history. oooo. An adult male in alcohol. Goélpéra, Assam. H. L. Houghton, Hsq., 1864. popp. An adult female in alcohol. Manbhim. Museum Collector, 1866. gqqq. Skin of a male. Gauhdti, Assam. Museum Col- lector, 1870. rrrv to titt. Three skins of adults. Agra. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1870. uuuu. An adult female in aleohol. Pegu, Presented by Wm. Theobald, Esq., 1872. vovv. An adult male inalcohol. Lingsugur, Deccan. Pre- sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., 1875. : woww. An adolescent female in aleohol. Calcutta. Be- queathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 6th December 1876. reer. An adult female in alcohol. Sind. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. yyyy. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta, Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 1879, geez, An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Bequeathed 136 MAMMALIA. to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th December 1575. aaaaa, An adult female in alcohol. Ranfganj. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th December 1875. 6b66b. A female in. alcohol. Annamulli forest, Madras Presidency. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 7th Septem- ber 1877. ecece to eeece. Three skulls. Calcutta. Labelled A/. flaveo- lus, Blyth, VaR. a. Nycticejus heathii, Horsfield, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 113. Scotophilus heathii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 260. Hab. Peninsula of India (Coromandel and Malabar coasts, Rajanpur, Punjab frontier, Karéchi) ; Ceylon. Siff. An adult male in alcohol, No. 91A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Coromandel. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 99999. The skin of an adult male, No. 91B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Coromandel. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. by W. F. Murray, Esq., M.B., 1872, mnmnm & nnnnn. ‘Two adult females in alcohol. Rajan- pur. Presented by E. Sanders, Esq., M.B., 28th September 1877. ‘ oo000 & ppppp. An adult female and a young male. Karéchi. By exchange with the Kardchf Museum, 19th November 1877. gqqqq. An adult and three adolescent females and three adolescent males. Karachi. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 19th September 1878. Sus-Genus SCOTEINUS. 160, Scotophilus emarginatus. Nycticejus emarginatus, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1871, p. 211; ibid., Cat. Chirept. B. M. 1878, p. 262. SCOTOPHILUS. 137 Hab. India, precise locality unknown.— Dobson. 1604. An adult female in alcohol. No history. ype. 161. Scotophilus pallidus. Scotophilus pallidus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 264, Had, Peninsula of India (Miin Mir, near Lahore; Sind).— Dodson. 16la. An adult female in alcohol. Mién Mir, Lahore. Presented by J. 8. Gunn, Esq., M.B., 1875. Zype. 6. An adult male in alcohol. Sultan Kot, near Shikérpur, Sind. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1878. e & d. Twoadult males. Rajanpur, Punjab. Presented by E. Sanders, Esq., M.B., 13th August 1877. Svus-Genus SCOTOMANUS. 162. Scotophilus ornatus. Nycticejus ornatus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xx, p.517; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 265. Hab. India (Darjeeling, Khdsi Hills); Burma (Ponsee and Kakhyen Hills); Yunnan (Nantin and Sanda Valley),.— Dobson. 162a. A skin of an adult, No. 90B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Purchased, 1858. Type. 6. An adult male in alcohol and its skulls, Manwyne, Sanda Valley, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. c. An adult maleinalcohol. Ponsee, 3,500 feet; Kakhyen Hills, Yunan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 1st Expe- dition to Western Yunnan, 1868. d. The skeleton of an adult-female, procured by Dr. J. Anderson at Nantin. Presented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. . e. Askin. Darjeeling, Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., 1870. S & 9. Two skins, one immature. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1872. kh. A skin in alcohol, Darjeeling. Presented by W. S. Atkinson, Esq., 1872. 138 MAMMALIA. a. An adult male in alcohol. Head of Iril Valley, Assam. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. j. The skin of an adult. Head of Iril Valley, Assam. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1875. Genus NYCTICHJUS, Rafnesque, 1819. 163. Nycticejus crespuscularis. Nycticejus crespuscularis (Leconte), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 266, Hab. North America, from New York to the Rocky Mountains, and southwards to New Orleans and to the West Indian Islands (Cuba).—Dodson. 163a. An adult male in alcohol. Cuba. Presented by G. E, Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. Gunus HARPIOCEPHALUS, Dobson, 1876. 164. Harpiocephalus suillus. Harpiocephalus suillus (Zemm.), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 278. Hab, Malayan Archipelago (Sumatra, Java, Flores).— Dobson. 164a. An adult in alcohol: in bad condition; skin only. Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 165. Harpiocephalus harpia, Vespertilio harpia, Zemminck, Monogr. Mammal. t. ii, p. 219, pl. 55 (1839). Harpiocephalus harpia, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 281. Hab, Himalaya (Darjeeling, Khdsi Hills); Sumatra ; Java; Amboina,—Dodson. 165a. The skin of a male in bad condition, No. 106A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Purchased, 1851. 6, The skeleton of an adult male, No. 106B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling, Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1854. e. An adult female in alcohol. Chérdpunji. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1868. d. An adult male in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by W.S. Atkinson, Esq., 1872. VESPERTILIO, 139 166. Harpiocephalus cyclotis. Murina cyclotis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc, Beng. Dec. 1872, p. 210; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 282. Hab. Himalaya, Darjeeling ; Ceylon.— Dodson. 1662. An adult female in alcohol. No history. Type. 6. The skeleton of an adult. No history. Prepared in 1872. e. An adult male in alcohol, No. 107A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major Sherwill, 1853. d. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., 1870. Genus VESPERTILIO, Keys & Blas., 1839. Sus-Grnus LEUCONOE, 167. Vespertilio hasseltii. Vespertilio hasseltii, Z'emm., Monog. Mammal. t. ii, p. 225 (1835-41) ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 291. .Hab. Malay Peninsula; Siam; Sumatra ; Java.—Dobson. 167a. An adult male in alcohol, Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 168. Vespertilio adversus. Vespertilio adversus (Horsfield), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p- 292. Hlab. Siam; Java; Borneo; Gerontalo; Celebes; Aus- tralia (Port Essington, Brisbane, Swan River, South Aus- tralia).—Dobson. 168a. An adult female in aleohol. Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 169. Vespertilio longipes. Vespertilio macropus, Dobson (non Gould), Pros. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, 209 Voupertilia longipes, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1873, p. 110; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 294. Hab. Caves of Bhima Devi, Kashmir (elevation about 6,000 feet). 140 MAMMALIA. 169a. One adult male in aleohol. Caves of Bhima Devi, 6,000 feet. Kashmir. Presented by Captain W. G. Murray, 1872. Tynes. b. The skeleton of an adult without skull. Caves of Bhima Devi. Presented by Captain W. G. Murray, 1872. Type. 170. Vespertilio dascyneme. Vespertilio dascyneme (Bote), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 295. Hab. From Southern England to Altai Mountains; pro- bably generally distributed throughout the temperate regions of Europe and Asia. On the continent of Europe it is recorded from the Netherlands, France, Denmark, Prussia, Hungary, and Italy.— Dodson. 170a. An adult female in alcohol. Gallicia. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 171. Vespertilio daubentonii. Vespertilio daubentonii (Leisler), Dobson, Cut. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 297. Hab, From Ireland to the Altai Mountains; from Finland to Sicily ; from the Altai Mountains to Tenasserim ; probably generally distributed ‘throughout Europe to the temperate regions of Asia north of the Himalayas, attaining the most northerly range of all the species of the genus. Found as far north as Banffshire in Scotland.— Dodson. 17a § 4. Tso adult females in alcohol. Ashoun, Tenas- serim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 9th September 1873. Sus-Genus VESPERTILIO. 172. Vespertilio nipalensis. Vespertilio nipalensis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1871, p. 214; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 302. Hab, Katmandu, Nipal. 172a, An adult female in alcohol. Katmandu, Nipal. Museum Collector, 1871. Zype. 173. Vespertilio emarginatus. Vespertilio emarginatus, Geoffroy, Ann. du Musé: . vill : Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. AL. 1878, p. 308. pa a eee VESPERTILIO, 141 Hab, Middle and Southern Europe, extending from France and Rhenish Prussia to Italy.—Dodson. Var. a. Vespertilio desertorum. Pipistrellus lepidus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xiv, p. 340. Vespertilio desertorum, Dobson, Blanford, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Nov. 1875; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 304. Hab. Balichistén. _ 1784 toe. Five adult females in alcohol. Jalk, Balichistén, 3,000ft. W. T, Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commission, 1872. Jf Askull marked /. lepidus, Blyth. Kandahar. No his- tory. 174. Vespertilio nattereri. Vespertilio nattereri (uh), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 307. Hab, Middle Europe, from Ireland to the Ural Mountains, and from Southern Sweden to the Alps. —Dodson. 174a. An adult male in alcohol. Mulhouse. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 175. Vespertilio murinus. Vespertilio murinus, Schreber, Saugeth. i, p. 165; Dobson, Cut. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 309. Hab. Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, and Abyssinia, ap- parently almost limited to the Palearctic Region, and not extending further north than Southern England and Den- mark.—Dodson. 175a. The skin of anadult. No. 111 A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Masuri. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1852, 6 tod. One adult male and two adult females in alcohol. Hungary. Presented by the Hungarian Museum, 1864, e. The skin of an adult. Sbhirdéz, Persia. Persian Boundary Commission. Museum Collector, 1871. 176. Vespertilio murinoides. Vespertilio murinoides, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xiii, pt. ti, p. 205, pl. xiv, 1873; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 310. Hab, N.-W. Himalaya (Chamba), at an elevation of 3,000 feet.— Dodson. 142 MAMMALIA. 1762, An adult male in alcohol. Chamba. Presented by H.M. L. Hutchison, Esq., H. M.’s 14th Regt., 1873. Type. 177. Vespertilio formosus. Vespertilio formosus, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. iv, p. 700 (1835) ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 311. Hab. Himalaya (Nipal, Darjeeling) ;-India (Chdibdsa, Khasi Hills); China (Shanghai, Kiang, Amoy) ; Island of Formosa.— Dobson. 177a. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Presented by. JH. Elwes, Esq., 1870. 6. An adult female in alcohol. Chérapunji. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1871. e. An adult femalein alcohol. Goélpdra, Assam. Presented by H. L. Haughton, Esq., 1870. _@, A skin in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. Type of V. auratus, Dobson. e to 7, Four skins, Nos. 108 A to D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Types of K. paliida, Blyth. Chdaibdsé. Presented by Lt.- Colonel 8. R. Tickell, 1842. 178. Vespertilio montivagus. Vespertilio montivagus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1874, pt. ii, p. 287 ; ibid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 313. Hab. Hotha, Yunnan. 178a toe. An adult male and four adult females in al- cohol. Hotha, 4,500 feet, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Pre- sented by the lst Expedition to Yunnan. Types. 179. Vespertilio muricola. Vespertilio muricola, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. x, 1841, p. 908; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 316. Hab. Himalaya (Sikkim; Léchung, 8,000 feet; Simla; Dalhousie) ; Tibet ; India (Chutia Nagpur) ; Arakan (Akyab) ; Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Celebes, Amboina, and probably all the islands of the Malay Archipelago, within the Oriental Region.—Dobson. 179a. The skin of an adult and its skull, Nos. 110 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta, 1844. 6. An adult female in alcobol. Borneo. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. VESPERTILIO. 143 e&d. Anadult maleand female. Ldéchung, Sikkim. Pre- sented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1872. Types of /. blanfordi, Dobson. e. An adult female in alcohol. Simla. ' Presented by Moulvie Ataor Rahman, 1871. ore skin. Darjeeling. Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., g. An adult female in alcohol. Marri. Marked var. F. blanfordi, Dobson. Dr. F. Stoliezka. Yarkand Expedition, 1878. h. A skull, No, 110C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon, Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1850. 180, Vespertilio dobsoni, ov. sp, Hat. India (Purneah, Bengal). 180a. An adult female in alcohol. Purneah. Presented by 8. J. Shillingford, Esq., 20th July 1875. 6. Ayoungfemale, Purneah. Presented by S. J. Shilling- ford, Esq., 20th July 1875. Preserved in alcohol. A depression between the eyes; muzzle rather broad ; nose slightly projecting beyond the upper lip; the two nostrils separated from each other by amarked furrow. The ears are rounded at the tip, with hardly any concavity below the tip, the external margin being slightly convex. The tragus is long, but a little tapering to its point, rounded off into the straight. inner margin from the outer margin, which is convex, but deeply concave at its base. A small anteriorly curved lobule at its base. The first’finger is about one-fourth as long as the fore arm and is strongly. developed. The feet are large, with rather powerful toes. The wing membrane is attached to the base of the toes; the wing membrane from the elbow forwards is brownish black, profusely spotted with yellow, much the same as in K. picta, while in the remainder of the membrane the yellow spots are confluent in lines from the elbow and humerus to the leg, almost replacing the hair, which is confined to narrow lines. The outer femoral mem- brane is yellowish. orange, with parallel interrupted lines passing from the tail to the legs; fore arm and fingers yellow. The face is clad as in V. /ormosus, and the fur is distributed on the membranes in the same way asin that species. Denti- tion the same as in V. formosus, only the teeth are much larger in individuals of the same sex. The measurements of an adult female preserved in alcohol. 144 MAMMALIA. Tip of snout to vent 2’'50, head 189, tail 2”, ear (attach- ment behind mouth) 0:7, tragus 0:35, fore arm 2”"15, index finger 2”"1, 2nd finger 8’-61, 8rd finger 3”, 4th finger 2”°9, _ thumb 0”:50, tibia 1”, foot 0’°6. This species is distinguished from 7. formosus by its greater size; by its much broader muzzle; larger teeth; broader and less pointed tragus ; stronger and longer thumb; much larger feet; and by the uniform yellow dotting of the whole of the wing membrane. 181. Vespertilio mystacinus. Vespertilio mystacinus, Leisler, Kuhl. Deutsch. Flederm. Ann. Wet- terau. Naturk. iv, p. 55 (1819); Dobson, Cat, Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 314, Hab. Palearctic Region ; Europe (from Finland to Spain ;~ from Ireland to Middle Russia) ; in Asia, hitherto found in Syria, at Pekin, and in the Himalayas only.— Dodson. 18la. An adult female in aleohol. Gallicia. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872, Genus KERIVOULA, Gray, 1842. 182. Kerivoula picta. Vespertilio pictum, Pallas, Spicil. Zoolog. fasc. iti, p. 7. Kerivoula picta, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 332. Hab. Peninsula of India; Ceylon; Burma; Sumatra; Java. Probably distributed generally throughout the Oriental Region.—Dobson. 182a. A mounted specimen, No. 109B of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Jaipur. Presented by J. Payter, Esq., 1852. 6. A skin, No. 109A of Blyth’s Catalogue; in bad con- dition. Ceylon. Presented by R. Templeton, Esq. c. A skin, No. 109C of Blyth’s Catalogue; imperfect. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. E. F. Kelaart, 1851. d. Askin, No. 109D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Pre- sented by the Batavian Society, 1844. e. An adult female in alcohol, Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1869. ‘ J. The skeleton of an individual from Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson. g. The skin of an adult. Darjeeling. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society in Bengal by Dr. F, Stoliczka, 15th Decem- ber 1875. , MINIOPTERUS. 145 h&2. An adult male and female in alcohol. Dacca. Pre- sented by T. Blisset, Esq., 1875. J. A stuffed specimen in very bad condition from the Indian Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. 183. Kerivoula hardwickii. Vespertilio hardwickii, Horsfield, Zool. Resch. in Java (18285). Kerivoula hardwickii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 335. Hab, Peninsula of India (Sibsdégar, Assam; Shillong, Khasi Hills) ; Camboja; Java ; Borneo; Duke of York Island. — Dobson. 183a, An adult male in alcohol. Java. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872. 6 & ce, An adult male and female in alcohol. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1872. d. An adult male in alcohol. No history. 184. Kerivoula lanosa. Kerivoula lanosa (Smith) Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 340. Hab. 8.-E. Africa (Shupanga, near the Zambesi River, East Coast of Cape Colony).— Dodson, 184a, An adult female in alcohol. Zambesi. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th September 1877. &. nidicola, Kirk. * II—Grove MINIOPTERL Gexus MINIOPTERUS, Bonaparte, 1837. 185. Miniopterus schreibersii. Vespertilio schreibersii, Matterer. in Kuhl, Deutschl, Flederm, Ann. Wetterau. iv, p. 41 (1819). Miniopterus schreibersii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. MW. 1878, p. 348. Hab. Southern Europe and Asia, Africa, Madagascar, and Australia. In Europe, inhabiting Spain, Switzerland, Lower Austria, Italy, and Sicily; in Asia, Syria, India, Ceylon, Burma, Southern China (Amoy), Japan, Philippine Islands ; extending through the Malay Archipelago to Australia ; pro- bably generally distributed throughout Africa and Madagascar. — Dobson. 185a. An adult male in alcohol. North Italy. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 1872, 146 MAMMALIA, btoce. Thirteen adult and four adolescent males, and eleven adult females in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson, Presented by the Second Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. VaR. a. Miniopterus pusillus, Dobson, Monogr. As. Chiropt. 1876, p. 162. Miniopterus schreibersii var. a, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 351. Hab. India (Madras); Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Philippine Islands (Erumango).—Dodson. dd. An adult female in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented by Dr. F, Stoliezka, 1871. Type. ee to gg. Three adult males in alcohol. Nicobars. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 1876. hh to vv. Nine adult males and six adult females in alcohol. : Katchal, Nicobars. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka. 15th December 1875. ww. An imperfect skeleton from the Nicobars. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1871. IV.—Famity EMBALLONURIDA. I.—Svus-Famitry EMBALLONURIN A. 1.—Grovep HMBALLONURA. Gunus TAPHOZOUS, Geoff., 1812. Sus-Genus TAPHOZOUS. 186. Taphozous melanopogon. Taphozous melanopogon, Temm., Monog. Mammal., t. ii, 1835-41, p. 287 ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 380. i Hab. India (Lower Bengal, Madras, Malabar Coast) ; Burmah; Pinang; Pulo Tickus; Cochin-China; Java; Borneo; Philippine Islands.—D.dson, 186a to c. Three adult males in aleohol. No history. d tog. Four adult females in aleobol. Jashpur, Chutia Nagpur. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. A. An adult male in alcohol. Amherst, Tenasserim. Pre- sented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. TAPHOZOUS. 147 ?. An adult male skeleton. No history. Jj to m, One adult male, and three adult females in alcohol ; No. 5 Cave, Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Pre- | sented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. nm. A skin, Sambalpur. Presented by V. Ball, Esq., 16th June 1877, -o & p. An adult male and female in alcohol. Trichinopoly, Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 19th November 1877. 187. Taphozous theobaldi. Taphozous theobaldi, Proc. As. Soc. Beng., Aug. 1872, p. 152; Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 381. Hab, Tenasserim Province. 187a & 6. Au adult male and female in alcohol. Tenas- serim. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1855. Type. ce. An adult male in alcohol. Forearm 37:10. Bushire. By exchange with the Kardchi Museum, 29th April 1879. 188. Taphozous longimanus. Taphozous longimanus, Hardwicke, Linn. Trans. xiv, 1825, p. 525; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M, 1878, p. 384. Hab. Peninsula of India, Ceylon; Burma. Abundant about Calcutta, and in all the southern parts of the Indian Peninsula; not yet recorded from Northern India nor from the Himalayas.— Dobson. 188a to f. Six skins, Nos. 85 A to F of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Calcutta. No history. g. An imperfect skeleton, No. 85M of Blyth’s Catalogue. A. One skin, No.-85J of Blyth’s Catalogue. Travancore, Presented Ly Dr. Coles, 1841, labelled 7. drevicanudus. i & 7. Askulllabelled Taphozous cantori, Blyth, and 7. drevi- caudus. k too. Two adult and one young male, the latter the young of .m, and two adult females in alcohol. No. 85G of Blyth’s Catalogue. Rangoon. Presented by Sir Joseph Fayrer, M.D., &e., 1852. p. One skin, No. 851 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. HE. F. Kelaart, 1841. g. Askin. Chanda. Museum Collector, 1867. y. One adult male in alcohol. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1870. 148 MAMMALIA. s. An adult male in alcohol. Singhbhim. Presented. by V. Ball, Esq., 1870. ¢, An adult male in alcohol. Bilaspur, Central Provinces. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. . u tow. Two adult males and one -adult female in alcohol. Pegu. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1872. x & y. An adult male in alcohol (Pegu), and an adult female (Calcutta). Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th December 1875. z. An adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 19th December 1876. aa. An adult male in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by O. L. Fraser, Esq., 22nd February 1881. 189. Taphozous nudiventris. Taphozous nudiventris, Cretzechmar, in Ripp. Atlas. Reise. nérdl. Afrika. Stiugeth. 1826, p. 70, fig. 276; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 387. Hab. Africa (North Africa, Egypt, Nubia, Gambia) ; Asia Minor (Palestine, Euphrates).— Dobson. 189a to p. Eight adult males, and eight adult females in alcohol. Ruins of Karnak, Upper Egypt, 23rd March 1880. Collected, and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 18th January 1881. VaR. a. Taphozous kachhensis, Dohson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1872, p. 211; abid., Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 388. Hab. Kachh; North-West India. z. An adult male in alcohol. Kachh. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1872. Type. j. A male in alcohol. Karéchi. By exchange with the _ Karachi Museum, 19th September 1878. Sus-Genus TAPHONYCTERIS. 190. Taphozous perforatus. Taphozous perforatus, Geoff, Deseript. de l’ Egypte, t. ii, p. 126; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 383. fab. Egypt. 190a toc, Three males in alcohol. Temple of Karnak, Upper Egypt. Collected, and presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 17th January 1881. 4 RHINOPOMA. 149 191. Taphozous saccoleemus. Taphozous saccolemus, Temminck, Monogr. Mammal., vol. ii, p. 286 ; pl. 60; Dodson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 388. Hah. Lower Bengal (Sylhet); Ceylon; Burma; Malay Peninsula ; Sumatra; Java.~-Dodson. 191l@a. One skin; No. 84A of Blyth’s Catalogue, South- ern India. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1843. 6. A skin; No. 84B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Java. Pre- sented by the Batavian Society, 1845. e, An adult female in alcohol. Sylhet. Presented by E. B. Baker, Esq., 1872. 192. Taphozous affinis. Taphozous affinis, Dobson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1875, vol. xvi, p. 232 ; Dobson, Cat. Chiropt, B. M. 1878, p. 389. Hab. Labuan Island ; Sumatra. 192a, An adult in alcohol. By exchange with the Berlin Museum, 6th September 1877. IT—Grove RHINOPOMATA. Genus RHINOPOMA, Geoff, 1812, 193. Rhinopoma microphyllum. Rhinopoma microphyllum (Geoffr.), Dobsox, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 400. Hab, Africa (Egypt, Kordofan) ; Asia Minor (Palestine) ; Indian Peninsula generally ; Burma.— Dodson. 193a & 4. Two adult males in alcohol, Nos. 83 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Agra. Presented by Major Wroughton, 1844, c & d. Two skins, Nos. 83 C and D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Agra. Presented by Major Wroughton, 1844. e. A skin, No. 83E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq. jf. A skeleton, No, 83F of Blyth’s Catalogue. Agra. Presented by Major Wroughton, 1844. g & &. Two skulls, No history. + & j. Two skins. Agra, Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1869. 150 MAMMALIA. k & 2, Two adult males in alcohol. Kachh. Presented by Dr, F. Stoliczka, 1872. Testicles enormously enlarged, and a layer of fat at their base. : _m tog. Two adult males and three adult females. Fatehpur Sikri. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 19th November 1877. II.—Svs-Famity MOLOSSIN A. I—Grove MOLOSSI. Genus CHEIROMELES, Horsfield, 1824. 194. Cheiromeles torquatus. Cheiromeles torquatus, Horsfield, Zool. Resch. in Java, pl. (?); Dobson, ‘Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 405. Hab. Malay Peninsula (Singapore); Sumatra; Java; Bor- neo.— Dobson. 194a. Two skins of an adult, No. 86 A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Java. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 6. A stuffed specimen. Siam. Collected by Finlayson, From the Indian Museum, London. Presented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. Genus NYCTINOMUS, Geoffroy, 1812. Sus-Genus NYCTINOMUS. 195. Nyctinomus cestonii. Dinops cestonii, Savi, Nuov. Giorn. de’ Letter. p. 230, 1825. Nyctinomus cestonii, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 423. Hab, Europe (Madeira, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, Greece); Africa (Egypt, Nubia); Asia (Amoy, China).—Dodson. 195a. An adult male in alcohol, No. 87A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Amoy, China. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1860. Type of N. insignis, Blyth. 196. Nyctinomus tragatus. Nyctinomus tragatus, Dobson, Journ. As. Soc. Peng. vol. xliii, 1874, p- 143; Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 424. Hab. Peninsula of India (Rdjanpur, N. W. Frontier; Jashpur, near Chutia Nagpur; Caleutta).— Dodson, NYCTINOMUS. 151 196a. An adult male in alcohol, No. 88F of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. No history. Type. 6. An adult male in alcohol. Jashpur, west of Chutia Nag- pur. Presented by W. T. Blandford, Esq., 1871. e. An edult female in alcohol. Rajanpur, Punjab frontier. Presented by W. F. Murray, Esq., M.B., 1872. 197. Nyctinomus plicatus. Vespertilio plicatus, Buchanan-Hamilton, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1800, vol. v, 1880, p. 261, fig. Nyctinomus plicatus, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 425. Hab. Peninsula of India (Calcutta, Ludhidna, Agra, Madras) ; Sumatra; Java ; Borneo; Malay Peninsula (Singa- pore); Philippine Islands.— Dodson. 1972, An adult male in alcohol, No. 88E of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. 6 & ce. Two skins, Nos. 88A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Ludhiéna, Presented by Captain Boys, 1845. d & e, Two skins, Nos. 88C & D of Blyth’s Catalogue, Caleutta. — Jj. A skeleton, No. 88G of Blyth’s Catalogue. No history. g. A skin in very bad condition, No. 88H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Dark specimen (M. tenuis, Horsfd.), old collec. tion. 4 toj. Three skins. Agra. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 1869. & An adult male, and its viscera. Indian Museum. Dr. J. Anderson, 16th December 1876. ; ?, An adult female in alcohol. Allahabad, Presented by John Cockburn, Esq., 20th March 1877. 198. Nyctinomus johorensis. Molossus (Nyctinomus) johorensis, Dobson, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. Jan. p: 22, 1873. Nyctinomus johorensis, Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B, M. 1878, p. 432. Hab, Malay Peninsula (Johore). 198a. An adult male in aleohol. Johore, Malayan Penin- sula. Presented by J. Wood-Mason, Esq., 1872. Type. 199. Nyctinomus braziliensis. Nyctivo mus braziliensis (Js, Geoff. St. Hil.), Dobson, Cat, Chirop B. M. 1878, p. 437. 152 MAMMALIA, Hab. Warmer regions of North and South America and their islands, extending from California to Chili; apparently everywhere distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropi- cal parts of America, where it is probably the most common species of the genus, as it has the widest range.— Dodson. 199a. An adult female in alcohol. Mexico. Presented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1876. ViI.—Famity PHYLLOSTOMID. I. Sug-Famiry PHYLLOSTOMINZ. L—Grove STENODERMATA. Genus ARTIBEUS, Leach, 1822. Sus-Gexvs ARTIBEUS., 200, Artibeus perspicillatus. Artibeus perspicillatus (Zinneus), Dobson, Cat. Chiropt. B. M. 1878, p. 519. Hab. Mexican, Antillean, and Brazilian Sub-Regions, ap- parently generally distributed throughout the two first named sub-regions, but in many parts of the Brazilian sub-region its place appears to be taken by A. planirostris.— Dobson. 200a & 6. An adult male and female. Demerara. Pre- sented by G. E. Dobson, Esq., M.B., 1874, IV.—Orper INSECTIVORA, I.—Famity GALEOPITHECID. "Genus GALEOPITHECUS, Pallas, 1780. 201. Galeopithecus volans. Lemur volans, Lin., Syst. Nat. ed. 12th, 1766, p. 45. Galeopithecus volans, Pallas, Act. Acad. Petrop. t. iv, 1780, p. 280, tab. 8; Shaw, Genl, Zool. vol. 1, pt. 1, 1800, p. 116, pls. 38 and 39, TUPATA. 153 Galeopithecus rufus, Geoff. Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p-19; Geoff, Cours. 12° Leg. 1829, p. 37; Desm., Mammif. 1822, p. 108. Galeopithecus rufus, variegatus et ternatensis, pp., et 38, Geoff, Cours. 12"° Leg. 1828, p. 87; Desm., Mammif. 1822, p. 108. Galeopithecus temminckii, Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1838, p. 119; Trans, Zool. Soc. vol. ii, p. 335, pl. 58, fig. 2. Galeopithecus rufus, undatus et macrurus, Wagner, Schreber, Saugeth. Suppl. Bd. i, 1880, pp. 324, 326 et 327. Hat. Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo. 201a. Stuffed specimen, No. 49A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacca. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1844. 6. A flat skin, mounted skeleton, and nearly mature foetus, in alcohol, of an adult female. Sinkip Island, Sumatra. Museum Collector, 14th May 1874. ctoe. Three skulls, Nos. 49 C, D, & Eof Blyth’s Cata- logue. Malaeca. No history. J. Skin of a young animal, much variegated with grey, brownish and black, interspersed with white spots. Perak, Malayan Peninsula. Presented by Mrs. R. Allen, Calcutta, 6th April 1877. g toi, The skins of two males and one female. The males are dusky brown above, variegated with dark brown, and spotted with white. From the Indian Museum, London. resented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 18th April 1880. j & k. Two skulls from the Indian Museum, London, Pre- sented by the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th April 1880. II.—Famity TUPAIIDA. I.—Sus-Famity TUPAIIN A. Genus TUPATA, Raffles, 1820. 202. Tupaia ellioti. Tupaia ellioti, Waterhouse, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, pp. 106 et 108, pl. xiii; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 82; Jerdon, Mamm. of Ind. 1867, p. 64; Ball, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. 1874, p. 95 ; Anderson, Anat. § Zool. Resch., &c., 1878, p. 124, pl. vii, figs. 12 and 13 (skull). Hab. Southern and Central India (Madras, Gondulpudu, Godavari Valley) and extending northwards to Cuttack and to the Karakpur Hills, Monghyr, North-Western Bengal. 154 MAMMALIA, 2024 to ec. Two stuffed adults and one adolescent, and the skulls of and c, Nos. 241 A, B, & C of Blyth’s Catalogue, Madras. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, 1851. d to f. Two adult males and one female in alcohol. Karak- pur Hills, Monghyr. Presented by E. Lockwood, Esq., C.S., 1874. g. Askull. Karakpur Hills, Monghyr. Presented by E. Lockwood, Esq., C.S., 1874. A. Skeleton of an adult. Gondulpudu, Godavari Valley. Presented by W. T. Blandford, Esq.,°27th July 1871. z. Contents of the stomach of one of the foregoing in- dividuals from Monghyr, consisting chiefly of the remains of small beetles. J to @. Two adult males and one adult female in alcohol. Monghyr. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, Ist and 12th May 1880. 203. Tupaia belangeri. be ae Pégou, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Zool. de Bélanger, 1834, p. 103, tab. 4. Cladobates belangeri, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. 1842, Suppl. pt. ii, p. 42; op. cit. Bd. V, 1856, p. 527. Tupaia belangeri, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch, &c. 1878, p. 126, pl. vii, figs. 6 and 7 (skull). Dee ferruginea, Blyth (partim), Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, . 81. Pupaia peguana, Jerdon, Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 65. Hab. Nepal; Eastern Himalaya (Kurseong, Darjeeling) ; Assam ; Khasi Hills; Arakan, Island of Preparis, and Burma, and North Tenasserim. 203a & 4. Two stuffed adults and the skulls ; Nos. 240 G and H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P, Phayre, 1844. : e. A skull, No. 2401 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Arakan. Pre- sented by Sir Arthur P. Phayre, 1844, d, An adult female in alcohol, No. 240J of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Pegu. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. e. The skeleton of a specimen sent alive from Chaérapunjf, No. 240K of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1851. J. An adult male in alcohol. No history. g. A mounted skeleton, prepared from’a specimen belonging to the Asiatic Society of Bengal. No history. A. A skeleton of an adult. No history. 7. An adolescent male in alcohol without its skull, No history. TUPAIA. 155 j. The skin and skull of an adult male. Cachar, Museum Collector, 1868. &, The skin of an adolescent female, and its skull. Dar- jeeling. Presented by J. H. Elwes, Esq., 1871. 2. A young female in alcohol. Chéraépunji. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 7th July 1871. m top. Four skins, Arakan and Lower Pegu, Captain F. H. Hood and Museum Collector, 1872. -q to z. Five adult males, and four adult females in -alcohol. Arakan and Lower Pegu. Presented by Captain F. H. Hood, and Museum Collector, 1872. — aa & 6b, Three skulls, Arakan and Lower Pegu. Presented by Captain F. H. Hood, 1872. ec, Askin, No history. dd, The skin of an adult. Borpani, Dikrang, Assam. Dafla Expedition, 1875. Presented by Lieut.-Colonel H. H. God- win-Austen. ee. The skin of an adult. Assam. Presented by A. W. Chennell, Esq., 1875. Jf. An adult female in alcohol. Tsagain, Upper Burma. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the 2nd Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1875. gg. Skin of an adult male. Assam. Purchased, 1876. An orange mesial line along the ventral aspect. hh. The skin of an adult. This specimen is darker than the generality of individuals from the mainland and ap- proaches in this respect to 7. ferruginea. Island of Preparis, off the coast of Arakan. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society: of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliezka, 15th December 1875. ii, An adult in aleohol. Amherst. Presented by J. Arm- strong, Esq., M.B., 29th August 1877, DS kk. Two skulls without any history. u. A skeleton of an adolescent. No history. 204. Tupaia chinensis. Tupaia chinensis, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. &c., 1878, p. 129, pl. vii, figs. 8 and 9. Had. China (high country of Western Yunnan). 204a. An adolescent male in alcohol, and its skull. Ponsee, Kakhyen Hills, 3,185 ft., Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson, Pre- sented by the Ist Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868. 6 &c. One skin of an adult and its skull. Muangla, Sanda Valley, Yunnan, 2,400 ft. Dr. J. Anderson. Present~ ed by the lst Expedition to Western Yunnan, 1868, 156 MAMMALIA. 205. Tupaia ferruginea. Sorex-glis, Diard & Duvaucel, As. Resch, vol, xiv, 1822, pp. 471 et 475, pl. ix. Tupaia ferruginea Raffles, Linn. Trans. vol. xiii, p. 256, 1822 ; Blyth’s Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863 (partim), p. 81; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. Fc. 1878, p. 130, pl. vii, figs. 4 and 5 (skull). Hab, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. 205a. A stuffed adult and its skull, No. 240 A of Blyth’s” Catalogue. Penang. Presented by the Rev, J. Barbe, 1846. &. A stuffed young animal and its skull, No. 240B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Penang. Presented by the Rev. J. Barbe, 1846. e. Astuffed adult and its skull, No. 240C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacta. Presented by the Rev. F. W. Lind- stedt, 1846. d. A stuffed young animal and its skull, No. 240D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. é. A stuffed young animal and its skull, No. 240E of Blyth’s Catalogue, Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. Jf. A preparation showing the teeth removed from the skull, and set in position, in wax, illustrating the differences between the deciduous and permanent teeth in both jaws, before any of the deciduous teeth are lost. Prepared from the skull of No. 240F of Blyth’s Catalogue, from Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. g. A skull from Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1856. The roots of the teeth of both jaws exposed to show the relations between the permanent and deciduous teeth. A. First, second, and third molars of the right upper jaw; second and third right upper deciduous premolars ; and second and third deciduous premolars, right lower jaw. 206. Tupaia malaccana. Cerp ou Banxring, F. Cuv., Mammif. t. ii, live" xxxv, Decembre 1821. Tupaia javanica, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 82. Tupaia malaccana, Anderson, Anat. g Zool. Resch. 1878, p. 184, pl. vii, figs. 16 and 17 (skull). Hab, Malacca. 206a & 6. Two stuffed adults and two skulls, Nos. 242 A and B, Malacca. Presented. by R. W.G. Frith, Esq., 1846, HYLOMYS. 157 207, Tupaia tana. Tupaia tana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 257; Blyth, Cat. Mamm, As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 81; Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. Sc. p. 136, 1878, pl. vii, figs. 1 and 2 (skull). Hab. Borneo. 207a. A stuffed adult male, No. 239A of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Sumatra. Presented by the Batavian Society, 1845. 208. Tupaia nicobarica. Cladobates nicobaricus, Zelebor, Reise der Novara Stugeth. Bd. i, p.17, pls. i et ii, 1868. Tupaia nicobarica, Anderson, Anat. & Zool. Resch. Fe. p. 136, pl. vii, fig. 3 (skull). s Hab. Nicobars. 208a. The skin of an adolescent male. Great Nicobar Island. By exchange with V. Ball, Esq., Sept. 1876, 6, An adult male in alcohol. Nicobar Islands. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 15th December 1875. Il.—Svus-Famiry HYLOMIN A. Genus HYLOMYS, 8S. Muller. 209, Hylomys peguensis. Hylomys peguensis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxviii, 1859, p. 294; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 82; Anderson, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. vol. viii, 1874, p. 453, pl. lxiv; Anat. g& Zool. Resch. fc. 1878, p. 138, pl. vi. Hab. Kakhyen Hills, Western Yunnan; Tenasserim, Java and Borneo. _ 2094. An adult female in alcohol, No. 243A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1858. 6. The mounted skeleton of an adult. Ponsee, Kakhyen Hills, Yunnan. Dr. J. Anderson. Presented by the Ist Expedition to Yunnan, 1868. Described, and figured in the Transactions of the Zool, Soc., vol. vili, p. 453. 158 MAMMALIA. JIJ.—Famity ERINACEIDE. I.—Svus-Famity GYMNURINA. . Genus GYMNURA, Horsfield, Vigors, 1827. 210. Gymnura rafflesii. Viverra gymnura, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 271. Gymnura rafflesii, Horsfield and Vigors, Zool. Journ. vol. iii, 1828, p. 246, tab. 8: Wagner, Schreb. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 46 ; abid., Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 534; Muller & Schlegel, Verhandl. 1, p. 26, 1839-43 ; Cant. Journ. As. Soc. vol. xv, 1846, p. 190; Owen, Odontog, p. 419, pl. 3, fig. 4; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. Cal. 1863, p. 81; Grayg@Cat. Bones Mamm., Coll. B. M. 1862, p. 117. Echinosorex rafflesii, Blainv., Ost. Atl. t. i, Lnsectiv. pl. 6. (skull) ; pl. 10 (teeth). Hab. Malayan Peninsula (Sumatra, Borneo, and other Islands). 210a. A stuffed adolescent and its skull, No. 288A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malacca. Presented by C. Huffuagle, Esq., 1846, Vaz. candida, Gunther. b. A stuffed adult and its skull. Sarawak, Borneo, Pre- sented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 4th June 1869. TI.—Svus-Famiry ERINACEIN A, Genus ERINACEUS, Linn., 1766. 211. Erinaceus europaeus, Linn. Erinaceus europaeus, Linn. Syst. 12th ed. 1766, vol. i, p. 75. Erinaceus vulgaris, Blyth, Cat. Mamm, As. Soc, Mus. 1863, p. 80. Hao, Europe. 21la § 4. A stuffed adult and adolescent, Nos. 235 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by A..D. Bartlett, Esq., 1843. c & d. Two skulls, Nos, 285 C and D of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1848. | e. A mounted skeleton of an adult, No. 235E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by J. H. Gurney, Esq., 1860, : ERINACEUS. 159 JS & g. Two glass tubes containing two spines, and sections of the spines of this species. Dr. J. Anderson, 1878. A. An adult male in alcohol. England. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 17th December 1881. 212. Hrinaceus micropus. Erinaceus auritus, Pearson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. v, 1836, p. 191. Erinaceus collaris, Gray, List. Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 81 (partim), Erinaceus micropus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170, (partim) ; ibid., op. cit. vol. xxii, 1853, p. 582; ibid., Cat. Mamm, Mus. As. Soc, Beng. 1863, p. 80: Wagner, Schreb. Séugeth. Suppl. Bd. i 1855, p. 591; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, p. 225. 4 Erinaceus nudiventris, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. East. Ind. Cos. Mus. 1851, p. 136. Erinaceus (Hemiechinus) micropus Fitzinger, Sitzungshte. der K. Akad. Wissensch. Wien, Bd. 1x, pl. 1, 1867, p. 8758(partim) ; Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, ists, p- 200, pl. v*, figs. @ to d, Hab. Southern India. 212a, A stuffed adult, No. 237A of Blyth’s Catalogue, and its skull B. Presented by W. H. Smoult, Esq., 1836, 6. A skull, No. 237C of Blyth’s Catalocue. Presented by Sir Walter Elliot, Madras, 1843. — ¢, An adolescent male in alcohol, and its skull. Coimbator, Presented by the Madras Museum, 23rd December 1876, a, A young animal in alcohol. Coimbator. Presented by the Madras Museum, 13th December 1876. e to g. Three adult males in alcohol and the skulls of f and g (the former figured J. A. S. B. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 1878, pl. v A, figs. ato d). ‘Trichinopoly. Presented by the Zoolo- gical Gardens, 5th December 1877, A, An adult made in alcohol. Coimbator. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 5th December 1877, z. Two tubes containing spines, and sections of spines of this species. 213. Erinaceus pictus. P Erinaceus indicus, Royle, Ill. Ind. Zool. 1839, p. 6 ; not described. Erinaceus collarjs? Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, p. 351, 3rd specimen, partim; Blyth, 1. c. p. 352, footnote; ibid., op. cit. vol. xxii, 1853, p. 582 (partim). Erinaceus micropus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170 (partim). Erinaceus (Hemiechinus) micropus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wissenseh. Wien, Bad. lvi, pt. i, 1867,.p. 875 (partim). Erinaceus (Hemiechinus) pictus, Stoliczka, Journ, As. Soc, Beng. vol. xli, 1872, p. 223. 160 MAMMALIA. Erinaceus pictus, Anderson, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 1878, p. 203, pl. iii. Hab. Western and North-Western India to Sind. 2184 to k. Three adults, two adolescents, and three younger individuals, and the skulls of a, 0, ¢,d,e,f, and g. Agra District. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, 15th April 1870. z. One skull. Agra District. Presented by the Trustees of the Riddell Museum, Agra, April 1870. j. Askull. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 14th March 1874. k, The flat skin and skeleton of an adult male. North- Western Provinces. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 30th December 1872. 2, An adult female in alcohol. Alwar. Presented by Major T. Cadell, V.C., 12th May 1877. m. A young female in alcohol; with larger spines than the generality of specimens, and with the brown band near the apices of the spines absent, so that the animal appears white. Karéchi. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 19th November 1870. m. An adult male in alcohol. Kardchf. By exchange with the Kardchi Museum, 2nd May 1877. o. An adolescent female in alcohol. Gunah, Central India. Presented by A. Barclay, Esq., M.B., 19th September 1878, Differing somewhat from the ordinary examples of Z. pictus by its somewhat larger ears and finer spiues, and by the dark brown below the eye passing downwards and under the neck as a lower collar. p. Three tubes containing spines and sections of spines of this species. g tos, Three adult males in alcohol. Kardchi. By ex- change with the Karachi Museum, 12th December 1879. ¢. An adult female in alcohol. Kardéchi Museum. By exchange, 19th August 1879. 214. Hrinaceus grayi. Erinaceus collaris, Gray, Ill. Ind. Zool. vol. i, 1898-32, pl. viii (not described) : ibid., List. Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 81 (partim) ; Hutton, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, p. 351 (first two specimens only); Blyth, op. cit. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170; tbid., op. cit. vol. xxii, 1853, p. 582 (partim); Wagner, Schreb. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 590; Stoliczku, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xli; 1872, p. 225. Erinaceus grayi, Bennett, Proc, Zool. Soc. 1832, p.124; Gray, List. Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 81; Wagner, Schreb. Sdéugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, ERINACEUS. 161 A841, p. 28; idid., op. cit. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 590; Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Bad. lvi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 870 (partim) ; Stoliceka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1842, p. 225; Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, 1878, pt. 11, p. 204, pl. iv, Brinaceus spatangus, Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 124, juv.; Ogilby, Royle’s Il. Iud. Himal. Botany, 1839, p. 62; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv, 1846, p. 170; Gray, Mamm. B. WM. 1843, p. 82 ; Wagner, Schreb. Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 27; ibid., op. cit. Suppl. Bd. v. 1856, p. 590; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, p. 225. Hemiechinus grayi, Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Ba. 1vi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 870. Hemiechinus collaris, Fitzinger, Sitaungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Bd. hi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 872. Hemiechinus spatangus, Fitzinger, Sitzungsbte. der K. Akad. Wien, Ba. 1vi, pt. 1, 1867, p. 873. : Erinacous blanfordi, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 1878, p. 208, pl. v. Hab. North-Western India, Western India to Sind. 214 a toe. Three adult females, one young female and one adolescent male in alcohol, and the skulls of @ and e, the former skull figured, Journ. As. Sce. Beng. vol. xlvii, 1878, pl. iv. Fathigarh. Presented by Andrew Anderson, Esq., 11th November 1872, J. The newly-born young of 6 in alcohol: eyes closed ; ear of right side imperforate, that of the left side widely open, the conch being folded down on both sides. The muscular mantle covering the dorsum has a thickened margin, corre- sponding to the downward distribution of the spines. The spines are prolonged ‘forwards nearly in the same line witn the eye. On the middle of the forehead there is a narrow area extending a short way backwards, perfectly free of spines. A few short spines occur bebind this area on the vertex, but from the nape of the neck backwards to near the posterior end of the mantle there is a continuous, rather broad, linear bare space. The spines are of two kinds, coloured and uncoloured, and the latter are the larger, and doubtless become replaced by coloured spines. The spines are placed rather widely apart, and are not very numerous, and the shortest occur along the side of the back; tke largest are about 4 of an inch in length. The whiskers “and the hairs along the upper lips are present” and a few short scattered hairs occur on the chin, but all the other portions of the animal are perfectly nude. The snout is short and broad, and the teeth are visible. Fathigarb. Presented by Andrew Anderson, Esq., 11th November 1872. g. Flat skin and skeleton of a young animal, North- Western Provinces. Presented by W. Rutledge, Esq., 9th June 1871. L 162 MAMMALIA. h. Six tubes containing spines and sections of spines of this - species. Dr. J. Anderson. a, Anadult male in alcohol. Agra. Major T. Cadell, V.C. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 21st July 1877. j- An adolescent male in alcohol, and its skull figured, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvii, 1878, pl. v. Type of £. blanford:, Anderson, Rohri, Sind. By exchange with W. T. Blanford, Esq., 22nd March 1877. &. An adult male in alcohol. Kardchi. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 29th April 1877. Z. A very young female in alcohol. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 19th November 1877. m, An adult male and two adult females in aleohol. Kotri. By exchange with.the Karachi Museum, 19th August.1879. p tor, One male and two adult females. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 12th December 1879. s. An adult male in alcohol. Presented by the Zoological Gardens, 15th April 1880. 215. Eriuaceus auritus. Erinaceus auritus, Pallas, Nov. Comment. Act. Petropol. vol. xiv, 1870, p. 573, pl. 21, fig. 4. : Erinaceus albulus, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soe. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, pl. 2, fig. 2, p.226; Blanford, 2nd Yarkand Mission, Mammalia, 1379, p- 14, pl. 1, fig. 2, and pl. 1a, fig. 1. Erinaceus macracanthus, Blanford (partim), Eastern Persia, vol. ii,. Zoology, 1876, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 2, nee fig. 1. Hab, Eastern Europe and Western Asia, as far south as Yaérkand, and extending downwards to the Highlands of South-Eastern Persia. 215a. The skin and skull of an aged male. Volga, Russia. Presented by Professor Peters, Berlin, 6th September 1877. é. A stuffed adolescent and its skull]. Langur, near Sénju, Yarkand, 6,570 ft. Presented by the Ist Mission to Yarkand. Dr. Henderson, 1870. Type of £. albulus, Stoliczka. c to e. The skins of two adult and one young and skulls of e and d. Yarkand. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the. 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 1873-74. Jj. The skin of an adult male. KAarghalik, south of Yér- kand. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 1873-74. g. The skin of an adult. Jigda, found dead on the road. Dr. F. Stoliczka. Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 1873-74, ERINACEUS. 163 h & i? The skins of an adult and of another.. Yangihissar. Dr. F. Stoliczisa. Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 1873-74. j. A disarticulated skeleton. Ydrkand, 25th May, 1874. Dr. F. Stoliczka. * Presented by the 2nd Mission to Yarkand, 1873-74. &. Two tubes containing spines and sections of spines of this species. l. The skin and skull of an adolescent male. Karman. South-Eastern Persia, 6,000 feet, 9th May 1872. W. T. Blanford, Esq. One of the types of LZ. macracanthus, Blanford, and figured in Eastern Persia, 1870-72, Vol. II, Zoology, pl. 1, fig. 2. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commission, 1872. , ‘The skin of this animal is inseparable from skins of £. albutus, which-is apparently identical with Zrinaceus auritus. In the absence of a bare area on the forehead this hedgehog resembles “. auritus, while in this important struc- tural feature it differs essentially from Z. macracanthus. The bare area is apparently not a variable feature in a species, neither is it sexual. The skull also closely resembles the skull of #. auritus and is inseparable from it. 216. Erinaceus megalotis. (?) Erinaceus auritus, Pallas, Hutton, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, p. 353. Erinaceus megalotis, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xiv, 1845, p- 353; Cat.«Mamm. As. Soc. Beng. Mus, 1863, p. 80; Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xli, 1872, p. 225; Blanford, Zool. of Persia, 1876, p. 28. Hab. Afghéuistdn, 216a. An adult, mounted; No. 234A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Kandahar. Presented by Captain T. Hutton, 1845. Type of EL. megalotis, Blyth. &. The skin and skull of an adult. Purchased from a Kabul merchant, trading between Kabul and India, January 1870. ce, Five tubes containing spines of this species. Fars very large and rounded ; muzzle rather short and broad ; feet large; inner hind toe well developed; claws large and strong. ‘Tail short, moderately long, and nearly naked. The spines are rather long, but much shorter than in &. macracan- thus, and they do not reach forwards to the ear, but nearly so, and they are not divided on the vertex by a bare space. The spines are covered with 28 raised ridges, rather strongly 164 _ MAMMALIA. marked by small tubercles, asin HZ. macracanthus. Inthe type, the spines have in some instances a narrow pale tip, somewhat asin FE. grayi, hardly perceptible, however, in the great majority, and immediately succeeded by a broad pale-yellowish band, followed by a narrow dusky band, again succeeded by a pale band. In two specimens obtained from a native merchant trading between British territory and Kabul, and which seem to belong to this species, the spines are narrowly tipped with black, succeeded by a narrow blackish band, which is followed by a hroad white band, in its tura succeeded by a narrow obscure dusky area, the base of the spine being white, The type is in too poor a condition to gain a correct idea regarding the character of the fur, but Captain Hutton has described the face, inside of the ears, and chin, as far as the base of the ears, very pale cinereous, or nearly white; from thence all the under parts are sooty, or rusty black; head, limbs, and under parts clothed with soft hairs of a sooty black or fuliginous brown; feet darkest; tail black. In the two specimens purchased from the Kabul merchant the ears, the sides of the head from the ears to the chin, are white, while the front of the face is whitish, mixed with black hairs, giving a curious appearance, as described by Hutton; the under parts are rusty black; the limbs dark brown. The skull of the type of #. megalotis was not in the collections made over by. the Asiatic Society to the Govern- ment of India. The skulls, however, of the two other speci- mens, which may be regarded as examples of this species, present a close resemblance to the skull of #. macracanthus, but they are very much larger than the skulls of very old examples of that species, and the muzzle of the skull is shorter and broader, and there is relatively greater width of the post- orbital contraction. The teeth also are very much larger, but the species are undoubtedly very closely allied. 217, Erinaceus macracanthus. Erinaceus macracanthus, Blanford, Eastern Persia, vol. ii, Zoology, 1876, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 1, nee fig. 2. Hab, Highlands of Persia. 217a. The skin of an adult female and its skull; free ends of spines broadly tipped with black. MAéhtn, near Karman, South-Eastern Persia, 6,000 feet, 8rd May 1872. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commis- ERINACEUS. 165 sion, 1872. One of the types of HB. macracanthus, Blanford, figured in Eastern Persia, 1870-72, Zoology, vol. ii, pl. 1, fig. 1. 6. The skin of an adult like the foregoing. Dizak, Ba- lichistén, 4,000 feet, 21st March 1872. W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commission, 1872. c. The skin of an adult female; spines wholly yellow, brownish washed. Karman, 6,000 feet, South-Eastern Persia, W. T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Commission, 1872. d. The skin of a large adult like the last and its skeleton. Karmén, South-East Persia, 5,000 feet. W.T. Blanford, Esq. Presented by the Persian Boundary Comission, 1872. e. Three glass tubes containing the spines of this species. 218. Hrinaceus jerdoni. Erinaceus jerdoni, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvii, pt. ii, 1878, p. 209, pl. Va, figs. e to h. Hab. Bastern Afghdénistin (Kurram Valley), North-Western Punjab (Pind Dadun Khan, Rajanpur), Sind. 218a & &. Two skins wholly black in bad condition. Nos. 236 A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Pind Dddun Khan. Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1859. e. A skull, No. 236C of Blyth’s Catalogue. d, An adolescent male in alcohol and-its skull. Réjanpur. Presented by E. Sanders, Esq., M.B., 30th April 1878. e. A gravid female with four foetuses, three in one, and one in the other horn of the uterus, in alcohol, and its skull, the latter figured in the Journal Asiatic Society, Bengal, vol. xlvii, 1878, pl. Va, figs.e toh. By exchange with the Kardch{ Museum, 4th June 1878. jf. An adolescent female in alcohol and its skull. Sind. By exchange with the Kardchf Museum, 4th June 1878. g- A young male in alcohol. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 19th August 1879. A. A young male in aleohol. By exchange with the Karaéchf Museum, 12th December 1879. i. An adult female in aleohcl. Thull, Kurram Valley, Eastern Afghdnistén. Presented by A. Barclay, Esq., M.B., 7th February 1880. j tom, The head and feet of an adult, a foetus and the heads of tivo young specimens in alcohol. Thull, Kurram Valley. Presented by A. Barclay, Hsq., M. B., 7th February 1880. 2, Six tubes containing the spines of this species. 166 MAMMALIA. IV.—Famity CENTETIDZ. Genus ERICULUS, Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire, 1839. 219. Ericulus setosus: Tendrac, Buffon, Nat. Hist. t. xii, 1764, p. 438, pl. 57. Erinaceus setosus, Schreber. Stiugeth. Bd. iii, 1778, p. 583, pl. 164; zbid. Wagner. Ericulus nigrescens, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Mag. de Zool. pls. 1. & 4, 1839 ; p. 33, pls. 3 & 4; Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1871, p. 73, pl. v, (skeleton). Ericulus spinosus, Zs. Geoff. St. Hil..l.c.p. 34; Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1855, p. 584. Hab. Madagascar. 219a. The skeleton of an adult. Madagascar. By ex- change with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. Genus CENTETES, Illiger, 1811° 220. Centetes ecaudatus. Le Tanrec, Buffon, Nat. Hist. t. xii, 1766, p. 438, pl. 56. Erinaceus ecaudatus, Gmelin, Linn, Syst. Nat. 13th ed. 1788, p. 117, partim, nec le jeune tanrec, Buffon, = Hemicentetes. Centetes ecaudatus, Mivart, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1871, p. 59. Hab. Madagascar. 220a. The skin of an adult. Madagascar. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. 6. The skeleton of an adult. Madagascar, By exchange with the British Museum, 6th January 1879. GENUS HEMICENTETES, Mivart, 1871. 221. Hemicentetes madagascariensis. Le jeune tanrec, Buffon, Nat. Hist. Suppl. t. iii, 1776, p. 214, pl., xxxvii. Erinaceus madagascariensis, Shaw, Gent. Zool. vol. 1, pl. ii, 1800, p, 548; Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soe. Lond. 1871, p. 58, figs.1, 2, and 3 (skull). Ericius semispinosus, Giebel, Zeitsch. Ges. Natur, 1871, p. 57, pl. ii, figs. 1 to 3. Hab, Madagascar. 221a, The skeleton of an adult. Madagascar. By exchange with the British Museum, 6th January 1879, RHINASTER. 167 V.—Famity CHRYSOCHLORID A. Genus CHRYSOCHLORIS, Cuvier, 1800. 222. Chrysochloris rutilans. Chrysochloris rutilans, Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1845, p. 125; ibid., 7. ec. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 580. Chrysochloris hottentotta, A. Smith, Zool. Journ. vol. iv, Oct. 1828 to July 1829, p. 436; South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1833, p. 81; Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 120; ibid, 2. ¢. Suppl. Ba. v, 1856, p. 581. : Chrysochloris holosoricea, Licht. Darstellung, 1827-34, pl. xli, fig. 2; Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p. 124; ibid, 2. e. Bape Bd. v, 1856, p. 581; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soe. Mus. 1863, p. 87. Hab. South Africa. 222a § 6. Two stuffed specimens, Nos. 266A and B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by E. L, Layard, Esq. 1859. 223, Chrysochloris damarensis. ‘Chrysochloris damarensis, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. Jan. 1838, p. 5; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Oct. 1838, vol. ii, p. 146; Wagner, Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl., Bd. ii, 1841, p. 126; ibed., 2. ¢. Bd. v, 1856, p. 582. Hab. Damarland, South Africa. 223a. A stuffed specimen, No. 267A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 1852. VI.—FamILy TALPIDA. Genus RHINASTER, Wagner, 1841. 224. Rhinaster cristatus. Sorex cristatus, Linn., Syst. Nat. 12th ed., 1766, p. 73; Schreber Stugeth. Bd. iii, 1778, p. 566. Talpa longicaudata, Eraleben, Syst. Reg. An. 1777, p. 118. Condylura cristata, Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 157; Harlan, Fauna Amer., 1825, p. 36. : Condylura longicaudata, Desm., Mamm. 1820, p. 157; Richardson, Fauna Br, Amer. 1829, p. 13. Condylura macroura, Harlan, Fauna Amer. 1825, p. 39. Condylura prasinata, Harris, Taylor's Phil. Mag. vol. 67, 1826, p. 191. Rbinaster cristatus, Wugnew Schreber, Sdugeth. Suppl. Bd. ii, 1841, p- 117; ibid., Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 575. Astromydes cristatus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As, Soc. Mus, 1863, p. 87, Hab. North America. ‘ 168 MAMMALIA. 224a. A stuffed adult in bad condition, No, 264A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Usq., 1843. Genus TALPA, Linn., 1766. 225. Talpa europea. Talpa europea, Linn, Syst. Nat. 12th ed. 1766, p. 73; Schreber, Sdiugeth. Bd. iii, 1778, p. 558, pl. 156; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As, Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 88. Hub. Europe generally, extending to Northern Asia. 225a. A stuffed specimen ; No. 268A of Blyth’s Catalogue. England. Presented by A. D. Bartlett, Esq., 1843. 6 & c. Two skeletons, Nos. 268 B& C of Blyth’s Cata- logue. One presented by Mr, W. Masters, 1844; the other no history. d. The skin of an adult. Hunter’s Bog, Arthur’s Seat, Edinburgh. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 3rd December, 1880. : 226. Talpa micrura. Assam mole, McClelland, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. vii, 1838, p. 464.. Talpa micrura, Hodgson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. x, 1840, p. 910; Gray. List Spec. Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1843, p. 75; Blyth, Journ. As, Soc. Beng. vol. xix, 1850, p. 215, plate iv, fig. 2 (skull); Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Cos. Mus. 1851, p. 129; Wagner, Schreber Stugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 578; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Svc. Mus. 1863, p. 88; A. Milne Edward's Recherch. des Mammif. 1868-74, p. 284. Talpa cryptura, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xii, 1843, p. 928. Hab, Nipal, Sikkim, and Assam. Uniformly velvety brown, with a silvery grey gloss. Snout almost nude, being sparsely clad on its sides with bristly hairs, each seated on an eminence, in the centre of a well- defined pit. A broad mesial linear tract on the upper surface of the snout, quite devoid of hairs. The extremity of the snout with a transverse furrow below the nostril, and a tumid fold of skin below the furrow. Eye very minute and covered with membrane; eyelids not defined. Claws stout on the fore feet, and moderately long. Tail about one-third of the greatest breadth of the manus, not knobbed at its end and only sparsely elad. The skull of this species resembles the skull of the other Asiatic moles, with the exception of 7. wogura and 7. insularis, im having four pairs of inferior incisors, but differs from f. leucura, &e., in possessing four pairs of upper premolars, and in this respect it resembles 7. macrura and T, longirostris. TALPA, 169 2264. An adult male in alcohol and its skull, No. 269A of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Nepal. Presented by H. B. Hodgson, Esq., C.S., 1843. 6. An adult female in alcohol, No. 269B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling, p. 88. Purchased, 1842. Type of 7. eryptura, Blyth. Journal; Asiatic Society, Bengal, vol. xii, 1843, p. 928. _¢. A skull, probably that figured in Journal, Asiatic So-« ciety, Bengal, vol. xix, 1350, Plate IV, fig. 2, and possibly the skull of the foregoing specimen. d, An adult female in alcohol, No. 269C of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Assam. Presented by Colonel Jenkins, 1854. e. Askininalcohol. Sadiya, Assam. Presented by Colonel Jenkins, 1854. J toh, Three stuffed adults ; Nos. 269 D, E & F of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Assam. Presented by Colonel Jenkins, 1854. z tok. Three stuffed specimens ; Nos. 269 G, H andI of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 85. Darjeeling. Presented by Mrs. Oakes, 1854, and the skull of z imperfect. t, A skeleton mounted; No. 269J of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88, Darjeeling. Presented by W.T, Blanford, Esq., 1857. Vertebra, c. 7; d. 13, 1.6; 8.3; p.c. 3; caudal 8. m. Astuffed adult. Darjeeling. Presented by T. C. Jerdon, Esq., 1854. n. A young femalé in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. o, Skin of an adult. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, October 1872. p&q. Two skins of adults. Naga Hills, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 14th April 1875. 7. Skin of an adult. Néga Hills, Assam. Found at an elevation of 400 feet above the sea-level. Presented by A. W. Chennell, Esq., 19th April 1875. s. Skin of a young animal. Naga Hills, Assam. Pre- sented by A. W. Chennell, Esq., 1st February 1877. t to w. Three males and one female in alcohol. Sureil, British Sikkim. Presented by George King, Esq., M.B., 4th January 1878. ; a § y. Two adult malesin alcohol. Sureil, British Sikkim, Presented by George King, Esq., M.B., 10th Febrnary 1879. z§ aa. Anadult male and female in alcohol. Sureil, British Sikkim. Presented by J. L. Lister, Hsq., 10th February 1879. In the natural skeleton, the caudal vertebe, 8 in number, measure 6-tenths of an inch in length. 170 MAMMALIA. 227. Talpa leucura. Talpa leucura, Blyt', Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol xix, 181, p. 215, pl. iv, fig. 1 (skull); Wagner, Schreber Stiugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 578 ; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 88. Hab. Sylhet, Khasi Hills, and Tenasserim. Wholly velvety black ; considerably smaller than 7. micrura and with the snout neither so long nor narrow. The snout is clad as in JZ. micrura, but the hair crypts are not so pro- minent. The manus is somewhat less broad than in 7. micrura and the nails are notso long. The tail is consider- ably longer than in 7. micrura, and it is dilated into a rounded knob, sparsely covered with longish white hair ; its length ex- ceeds two-thirds of the breadth of the manus. The eye is covered by a membrane, and there are no defined eyelids. The skull is at once distinguished from the skull of 7. mi- crura, by its much smaller size, and by the presence of only three pairs of premolars in the upper jaw. The adult skull is 1”°2 long, whereas that of 7. micrura measures 1”37. This difference of size is well marked in all the bones. The caudal vertebre arelonger, but feebler, than in 7. mzcrura, and their number (8) is the same in both. 227a toc. Three stuffed specimens, Nos. 270 A, B andC of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Sylhet. Presented by W. Skip- witb, Esq., and R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1845-51. d. An adult female in alcohol, No. 270D of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Charapunji. Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq. Types of TZ. lewcura, Blyth. e. An adult female in alcohol, No. 270E of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Hilly region bordering on the Sittang River, Tenasserim. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1845. . A young female in alcohol. Khasi Hills. Presented by W.S. Atkinson, Esq., 23rd December 1867. g. A natural skeleton, No. 270F of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 88. Hilly region bordering on the Sittang River, Tenasserim. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1848. A. A natural skeleton. Prepared from a specimen pre- sented by Arthur-Grote, Esq., 4th July 1868. z. Askull: no history, apparently the skull figured by Blyth in the Journal, Asiatic Society, Bengal, vol. xix, 1851, pl. iv fig. 1. j. Skin of an adult. Nagé& Hills, Assam, found at’ an elevation of nearly 10,000 feet above the sea-level. Presented hy A. W. Chennell. Esq., 14th April 1875. CROCIDURA. 171, VII.—Famity SORICIDA. I.—Sus-Famity ANUROSORICINA. Gunus ANUROSOREX, A. M. Edwards, 1870. 228. Anurosorex assamensis. Anurosorex assamensis, Anderson, Ann. G& Mag. Nat: Hist. vol. xvi, 1875, p. 252; Anat. & Zool. Resch. Yunnan Exped. 1878, p. 150, pl. v figs. 1-16. Hab. Assam. Head large; eye excessively small; ear hidden under the fur, and valvular. Feet devoid of hairs, scaly and of nearly equal breadth, but the fore-feet the shorter. Tail rudimentary, almost completely hidden by the fur. Fur nearly erect, fine, dense and silky, longest on the rump: numerous long hairs project beyond the general mass of the fur, and are brown, with obscure pale tips : general colour of the fur dark slaty, faintly marked with brownish rusty on the long hairs on the rump. Whiskers well developed: shorter hair above and between the eyes: semi-nude parts of the snout, the scaly limbs, and tail are flesh coloured, and the claws are yellow. Snou tto vent 292: fore-foot 0’°50: hind foot 0”75: tail 07-50. 278a to e: Astuffed adult female and her skeleton, and three of her young ones in alcoho]. Obtained between Sibségar and Jaipur, Assam. Presented by 8S. E. Peal, Esq., September 1871. ype. Described and figured Anat & Zool. Resch. ; II.—Svus-Famity CROCIDURINA, Genus CROCIDURA, Wagler, 1832. Sus-Genus PACHYURA, Sélys-Longchamps, 1839. (Lateral gland.) 229. Crocidura czerulescens. La musaraigne musquée de l’Inde, Buffon, Nat. Hist. Suppl. t. vii, 1789, p. 281, pl. lxxi. . Perfuming Shrew, Pennant, Quadr. vol. ii, 1781, p. 477. 1 Pygmura, Andorson, Proc, Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 229. 172 MAMMALIA, Sorex crulescens, Shaw, Genl. Zool. vol. i, pt. 2 (1800), p. 533, partim. Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soe. Mus. 1863, p 82, sed nec “'S. erassicaudatus, Licht. ; Jerdon, Mamm. of Ind. 1867, p. 53. Sorex indicus et murinus, Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. du Mus.; t.xvii, 1811, p.183; et p. 186: Mém. du Mus. d’ Hist. Nat. t.i, 1815, p. 303, pl. xv, figs. 1 & 2. Sorex indicus, F. Cuv., Hist. Nat. des Mammif., livr". XL, Avril 1823, pl. 28: Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1830, p. 99. ‘ : Sorex sonneratii, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Ann. du Mus.t. xv, 1827, p. 132. Mus giganteus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil., Mém. du Mus. 1827, p. 137 (partim). Sorex myosurus, Grey & Shaw, Lil. Ind. Zool. vol. i, 1832, Mamm. pl. ix, nec C. myosurus, Pallas. Sorex murinus, Gray, List of Mamm. B.M. 1843, p. 78 (partun) ; Kelaart, Prod. Fauna Zeylanica 1852, p. 30. Sorex tytleri, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 285. Crocidura (P.) waldemarii, Peters, Monatsh. K. P. Acad., 1870, p. 590. Pachyura indica, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1873, p. 231. Crocidura. (P.) fulvocinerea, et sindensis, Anderson, Journ, As, Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, pt. 11,1877, pp. 263 et 266. Hab. India generally ; Ceylon; Arakan and Burma. The form is rather heavy in the fully adult, but in the adolescent it is less so: the limbs are short and stout. The head slopes gradually downwards and forwards from the vertex, and the snout, which varies in length, is long, but slightly depressed from beyond the moustachial swelling, which appears to gain in breadth as the animal advances in age, the head generally becoming much heavier than it is in the adolescent. The snout terminates in two somewhat tubular nostrils, which are divided from each other by a sharp incision ; their orifices look outwards and forwards. There is a slight contraction before the eyes, followed by the considerable moustachial swelling. Theeyes aresmall. The ears are mo- derately large and rounded, but of varying dimensions. The hind feet and toes are rather short, but of variable size, and the claws are moderately developed. The snout and the chin are seminude, sparsely clad with short pale hairs, but the moustachial hairs are numerous and long. The ears also are only very sparsely clad along their margins, and over their external aspect, with short delicate hairs. The fore-limb is densely clad, almost to the wrist, but immediately above the joint the hairs are short and sparse, and this character is preserved by the pelage on the backs of the fore-feet, while on the toes the hairs are fewer, and occur only between the rings that mark their upper snrface. The backs of the fore-feet are also scaly. The lower half of the tibial portion of the hind limb is almost nude, the hairs being few and short, and this character occurs also on the upper surface of the pes. The feet have thus the appear- CROCIDURA. 173 ance of being nearly nude. There is a seminude area around the urino-genital orifice continuous with the seminude skin of the under surface of the tail. The tail is very thick at the base in the males, and has the appearance of being round, while in reality it is broader than it is deep from above downwards ; like the hinder feet it is somewhat variable in length. It is marked by fine, much interrupted con- centric rings, 25 to 80 to half an inch, and between these short white hairs occur, but so sparsely as in no way to obscure the skin, and at intervals of about quarter of an inch, long, isolated, white hairs occur to within half an inch of the tip of the tail. The fur varies in length, probably according to climate and seasonal changes. It is generally: pure grey, but the tips of the hairs in adults are generally yellowish grey, so that animals have not unfrequently a pale fawn tint mixed with greyish, and in Assam specimens the fur is marked with reddish brown. All the seminude parts are pinkish flesh-coloured. The colour, however, is darkest in youth, when it is dark slate-grey, and palest in adult life, when it appears to become more rufous. The female (5), killed along with the male (4), has a decided rufous tint all over the “ upper parts ; so much so that the colour may be described as rufous fawn, with a slight greyish tint on the side, the under surface also being grey with a rufous tint. In this gravid female the fur is extremely short, while in the male it is much longer, The following me asurements may be given of both sexes :— 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Assam var. fulwo- cinerea. 3 Q é $ fc) $ $ 7 in. in. in in. ah ee gee Tip of snout to vent . . | 635 | 5°15 | 5:90 | 7:00 | 6 6:0 K Yank to tip of tail F . | 365 | 3°05 | 3:50 | 4°00 | 3°50 | 3°90 | 2°83 Length of hindfeet . . | 1:03 | 0°90 | 1°03 | 1°03 | 1:00 | 1:00 | 0°82 Tip of snout to eye . | 0°88 | 0°70 | 0°87 | 0°98 | 0°89 | 0-07 | 0°70 Eyetoear . . ‘ . | O51 | O41 | O51 | 0°65 | 0°54 | 0°57 | 0°35 Height of ear; . > . | 0°60 | 0°50 | 0°58 | O56 | 0-49 | 0:50 | 0°35 Breadth of ear. ; . | 0°55 | 0°47 | 0°52 | 0°45 | 9-46 | 0-41 | 0°40 1 The height of the ear is taken in a straight line from below the orifice, and the breadthis measured from the centre ofastraight line, between the upper and lowerends of the conch, backwards to its free margin. 174 MAMMALIA. The following are the skull measurements :— $ 9 No. 5. | No. 4. Inferior margin of foramen magnum to tip ms pr ima ae between first incisors . | 140 1:26 Greatest breadth acrossmolars . . 0°51 0°47 Breadth behind infraorbital foramen . ‘ . | 0°28 0°28 ;» anterior to expansion of brain case é . | 0°35 0°35 » external to glenoid articulation é 0°51 0°55 oe ae to tympanic 4 ; : ; . | 0°67 0°62 Condyle of lower jaw to commencement of alveolar line . 0°77 0°77 The skulls are from two specimens from Caleutta, the measurements of which are already given. The female skull is that of an old animal, as the teeth are considerably worn and the basi-occipital suture has wholly disappeared, while in the ' male skull there is still a trace of it, but in the male skull the teeth are also worn. The male is the larger, with much more posterior breadth and much more powerful first incisors than the female skull. Although sexual, the differences in dentition show themselves in the upper first incisors, and not in the canines, as in other mammals. “ There are 14 dorsal, and 19 caudal vertebra. At first I was disposed to recognise two large shrews as existing in Calcutta, one with larger feet than the other, but on a more extended enquiry I had to abandon any such opinion because of the constant recurrence of intermediate individuals, leading from one extreme into the other. The variability of the tail in this, as in other shrews, was @ priori to be looked for owing to the circumstance that the tails of the newly born of the same litter vary considerably, and are always very short. In two females of the same brood the tail in one measured 3°05, and in the other 3:44. In the same individuals the hind foot is also seen to be the subject of considerable variaton. There can be no doubt but that this species, as well as other species of shrews, breed before they are adult, long before the basi-occipital suture of the skull shows any sign of tending to become obliterated, and long before the cranial muscular CROCIDURA. 175 ridges become defined. This being the case, it will probably be found that the young of these adolescent mothers are smaller than those produced by the larger fully mature females: The young of this large shrew are born with none of their teeth through the gums, but at the same time the teeth are well developed, the gum forming a sharp ridge over the incisors and intermediate teeth to the second premolar, the incisors rapidly piercing the gum, their tips showing before the eyes have opened, and the large cusp of the second pre- molar rapidly following them. Even before the eyes are opened, the young shrew is most active in its movements, rushing about ina wild way and snapping at everything that may touch it, its mobile snout being in constant motion. The head in the young state bears a very large proportion to the size of the trunk. The gland on the side is situated nearly half-way between the fore and hind limbs, in a line with the head of the humerus, or nearly so. Around the gland, the fur is rather sparse, but its position is indicated by the existence of narrow short hairs arranged in two lateral bands which arch inwards and meet over the middle of the gland, the two bands being continuous behind the gland, and their hairs at that point arching forwards. These glands are equally developed in the male and female. In the very young shrew the musky odour emitted by this gland is hardly perceptible, but it is overpowering ia theadult. It is, therefore, probably a means of bringing the sexes of this nocturnal animal together, as their sight cannot be very keen, whereas it is evident that their sense of smell is acute, or it may protect them against their enemies. There is a distinct sac beyond the true termination of the rectum, opening by a puckered orifice nearly 4 of an inch within the sac: on either side of the rectal orifice, but below it, there isa deep pit, doubtless the orifice of a compound anal gland, The Sorex caerulescens, Shaw (General Zoology, vol. 1, part. 2, 1800, p. 538), is founded on Pennant’s shrew, or shrews from Java and the East India Islands, and on the Musaraigne Musquée: de UiInde of Buffon, which Shaw states was brought from Bengal by Sonnerat, whereas M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, who also apparently described this species as 8. indicus, informs us (Ann. du Mus. d’Hist. Nat,, t. 17, 1811, p. 183) that his type had been originally described by Buffon as the Musaraigne de ?’ Inde (Hist. Nat. Suppl., t. vii, 176 MAMMALIA. p. 281, pl. 71), and that it was founded on an individual brought from Pondicherry by Sonnerat. He also seemed disposed to regard 8. murinus, Liun. as alsoidentical with it. In the same volume of the Annales du Muséum in which Geoff, St. Hilaire described 8. izdicus, he also described 8. capensis, said to have been obtained at the Cape of Good Hope ; and in the Ist volume of the Mémoires du Muséum, 1815, plate xv, fig. 1, he gave a good representation of the former from a specimen obtained at ‘Tranquebar. In 1827, in the Mém. du ° - Mus. d’ Hist. Nat., vol. xv, Is, Geoff. St, Hilaire disputed the - correctness of his father’s views regarding the specific dis- tinctness of §. indicus and S. capensis, and held them to be one and the same species, and he renamed it S. sonneratii. He doubted that the type of S, capensis had come from the Cape of Good Hope, as he considered it unlikely that such a mam- mal would have been overlooked by Kolbe, Sparrman, Levail- lant and Daniel, and that the expedition under Baudin, Quoy and Gaimard, Lesson and Garnot and Delalande, could have failed to discover it, if it existed. Duvernoy regarded 8. capensis as the same as 8. serpentarius, Is. Geoff., and he pointed out that the type of S. capensis was an individual from the Isle of France, where it had been ob- tained in 1804 by Peron and Lesueur. Desmarest followed Geoff. St. Hilaire in separating 8. indicus from 8. capensis. In 1827 Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire described a shrew which he said was found on the Continent.of India, and prebably also on the islands of the Archipelago, and which he identified with Mummy shrews from the Catacombs of Thebes and Mem- phis. Of this shrew he says two good figures had been. published, being one by his father (Mém. du Mus., vol. i, plate xv, fig.1) under the name of Musaraigne, 8. indicus, and the other by F. Cuvier in the Histoire Nat. des Mammif., under the name of Monjourou, 8. indieus, Geoff. St. Hilaire, however, states that this figure of S. indicus was, as I have already stated, taken from a Tranquebar individual. F. Cuvier’s figure is apparently from a Pondichery animal obtained by Leschenault and is anan example of the dark variety. This shrew Is. Geoff. named Sorex giganteus. Writing again, 1834 (Zool. Voy. de Belanger, p. 117), he gave a good description of the species founded on an indivi- dual from Bengal. As there is no example of the large shrew of Egypt in this museum, I cannot say anything regarding its specific identity or distinctness from the giaut shrew of India. CROCIDURA. 177 With regard to the food of this animal and of its allies generally, it is noteworthy that Is. Geoff. St. Hilaire states on the authority of Bélanger, that the large shrew at Pon- dichery “ ferait de grands dégats dans les magasins de riz.” Being aware that the natives of Bengal generally assert that the musk shrew is a great eater of rice and of pulse, I procured a few alive to watch their habits. I found them, as was to be expected, thoroughly nocturnal, spending. the day in sound slumbers when undisturbed, but waking up at nightfall, when they became very restless. I placed rice beside them, but it was always left untouched, whereas cockroaches were eaten with avidity. I have examined the contents of the stomachs of a large number of specimens, and have found traces of hair, ants, larve of flies, and flies themselves and bits of flesh, and a tapeworm. I am there- \ fore disposed to believe that Bélanger was entirely wrong in ascribing to these animals depredations wholly attributable to rodents. 2294 § 6. Two stuffed adults, Nos. 244A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. ce. The skeleton of an adult female, No, 244C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. d. The skull of a male, No, 244D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta. e & f. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of e. Royal Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1867. g. An adolescent male in alcohol and its skull. Ceylon. Presented by H. Nevill, Esq., 26th February 1871. htoj. Three newly born females in alcohol. Calcutta. Purchased, 14th August 1871. k & l. Two adult males in alcohol. Purneah. Museum Collector, March 1872. m to p. An adult male and female, and one adolescent female, - and another gravid, in alcohol, and the skulls of x & p. Fathigurh.. Presented by Andrew Anderson, Esq,, 22nd April 1872. § r. An adult male and an adult female in alcohol and the skull of g. Calcutta, Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 22nd July 1872. gs. Anadult male in aleohol and its skull imperfect. Purneah. Presented by G. W. Shillingford, Esq., 28rd August 1872. ¢. An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Colombo, Cey- lon. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, October 1872. The M 178 MAMMALIA. skull of this specimen has only 28 teeth, the small intermedi- - ate tooth having disappeared. w. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Calcutta. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. v & w. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of w. Calcutta. Presented by Mr. R. DeCruz, 6th February 1875, 2 § y. An adolescent and a young male in alcohol, and the skull of 2 Museum Offices, Kyd Street, Calcutta, 19th April 1878. zg. The skin of an adult female, and its skull and bones of the trunk, Circular Road, Calcutta, Purchased, 8th May 1876. aa, An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Madras. By exchange with the Central Museum, Madras, 13th Decem- ber 1876. | 66. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, drd May 1877. ce. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, 5th May 1877. dd. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, 6th May 1877. ee & ff. Au adult and gravid female and an adult female in alcohol. Calcutta. Purchased, 10th May 1877. 99 & hh. Two skins of adult males, their skulls and bones of the trunks. Calcutta. Purchased, ]6th May 1877. zz.. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult male. Calcutta. Purchased, 22nd May 1877. jj. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult fe- male. Calcutta. Purchased, 25th May 1877. kk. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of.an adult fe- male, Calcutta, Purchased, 30th May 1877. ii. The skin, skull, and bones of the trunk of an adult fe- male. Calcutta. Purchased, 3lst May 1877. mm. The skin and-skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta, 5th June 1877. nn § 00. An adult and adolescent male in alcohol, Cal- eutta. Purchased, 19th February 1877. pp. The skeleton of an adult male. Calcutta. 7th May 1877. qq & vr. Two young animals in alcohol, eyes still closed. Museum Offices, Kyd Street, Calcutta. 17th July 1877. Vaz, fulvocinerea. ss. An adult male and female in alcohol and their skulls. Gauhati, Assam. Museum Collector, October 1872, CROCIDURA. 179 The skin of an adult and its skull. Gauhati. Mu- seum Collector, October 1872. wu. An adult female in alcohol, No. 247C of Blyth’s Cata- logue, Arakan. Presented by Sir Arthur P, Phayre, 1845. VaR. sindensis, vv, An adult female in alcohol anditsskull. Kardchf. By exchange with the Kardchi Museum, 2nd April 1877. Type of C. sindensis. ww & xe. Two females in alcohol. Karéchi. By ex- change with the Karachi Museum, 19th March 1877. yy to 666. An adolescent and a young male and_ two females in alcohol. Karachi. By exchange with the Kardé- chi Museum, 29th April 1879. ece § ddd, An adult male and another inalcohol. Karachi. By exchange with the Karachi Museum, 4th June 1878, eee & ggg. Three specimens in alcohol. Karachi. By ex- change with the Karachi Museum, 12th December 1879. 230, Crocidura beddomii, ~. sp, Hab. Southern India (Kollegal, Coimbatore). Snout moderately long, rather abruptly and sharply point- ed. The snout, feet and tail very pale flesh-coloured. Gene- ral colour of fur dark grey, rather richly marked with rufous in some. The tail is about half the length of the body, and the hind feet are small. The tail is nearly nude and sparsely covered with short white hairs, with a few long white hairs intermixed. The adult male and female have the following measure- ments :-— $ g Snout to vent . % . a . . . 430 4:10 Tail, vent to tip . . : i . 7 - 230 2:50 Hind foot . ‘i . - ‘ .« 072 068 This species is closely allied to C. cerulescens, but it is very much smaller with a proportionally less elongated snout. It is separated from C. murina also by its shorter snout, the colour of its nude parts, its sparsely clad tail and by the colour of its fur. ato d. An adult and two adolescent males and one adult female in alcohol, and the skull of a Kollegal hills, Coimba- tore District. Presented by Colonel Beddome, 25th Novem- ber 1878. e. An adult female in alcohol. Russellkonda. Ganjam District, Presented by Colonel Beddome, 25th March 1879, 180 - MAMMALIA. 231. Crocidura murina. Sorex murinus, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1766, p. 74; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., p. 83. Sorex myosurus, Pallas, Act. Acad. Petrop. vol. x, 1785, p. 327, pl.iv; Wagner, Schreber Séiugeth. Suppl. Bd. v, 1856, p. 552, partim.« Sorex cerulescens var. Raffles, Linn. Trans. vol. xiii, 1822, p. 225. ; Sorex serpentarius, Is. Geoff. St. Hil., Voyage de Bélanger, 1834, p. 119: Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1860, p. 83. Sorex soccatus, Hodgson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xv, 1845, p. 135; Blyth, op. cit., p. 84. Sorex niger, Elliot, Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. FE. Ind. Co's. Mus. 1851, p- 135; Blyth, op. cit., p. 84. : Sorex kandianus, et ferrugineus, Kelaart, Prod. Faune Zeylanice, 1852, pp. 30, 31. : Sorex heterodon, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 80; viridescens. Sorex viridescens, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., Beng., vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 285, Sorex albinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxix, 1860, p. 90. Sorex griffithii, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p.-83. Crocidura (P.) ceylanica, Peters, M. B. Akad. Berl., 29th July, 1870, 5 p. 591. eae (P.) blanfordi, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, p. 269. Crocidura (P.) blythiiet pealana Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 264, 267 et 276. Hab. Eastern and Southern India; Himalayas (Nepal, Sikkim) ; Assam, Khasi Hills; Arakan, Burma; Tenasserim, Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, China (Amoy). Snout moderately long and pointed, not much swollen across the incisors. Lower lip sharp and pointed. Feet well developed, the hind feet being rather large. Fore-limb clothed to the wrist; tibial portion of hind limb in its lower half moderately clad with short brown hairs. Snout, ears, feet, and tail brown; claws moderate and yellow; tail some- what swollen at the base, round, rather thickly clad with short dark brown hairs, and with long white and brownish hairs interspersed. Tail about the length of the trunk without the head, but varying much in its dimensions. General colour above brown, generally more or less washed with rusty or reddish, and sometimes with a faintly grizzled sheen in cer- tain lights. Under surface dark mousey brown. Fur soft and silky, generally rather short, but longer in individuals from high localities. ° & Tip of snout to vent 470 hind foot without claws 0:95 tail 3:00 2 2 ” 415 ” ” 2 »” 0°80 ” 2°70 In this as in the former species and those which follow, the CROCIDURA. 181 male is considerably larger than the female, and, moreover, the individual differences in size in the sexes are considerable. The first incisors above are rather long and the curve out- wards from the base anteriorly is not so abrupt as in the previous species, but it is not a character calling for special remark, as the degree to which it occurs is variable.. The antero-posterior breadth of the posterior portion of the first incisor equals the same breadth across the base of the anterior portion of the tooth where it joins its posterior por- tion. The cusp of the posterior portion is not prominent, and there is only a very obscure process of the cingulum at its inner side. The second incisor is large and its breadth above equals the united breadth of the 3 incisors and eye tooth, and its point is above the level of the middle‘cusp of the false molar. The second premolar is smaller than the canine and lying immediately behind it, and in contact with it is the first premolar which is wholly visible from the outside of the jaw or nearly so. The cusp on the anterior border of the Ist premolar is well developed and in nearly the same line as the points of the 3 incisors, and above the point of the canines, which is at a lower level. Skull measurements. Male fully adult, and female nearly so. No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.6 No.6 No.7 & Length of skull . 130 049 O31 032 051 O59 O74 g » ” - 105 0438 025 030 048 O56 0°63 Tomes describes the type of S. griffithii_as characterised by the large size of its teeth, which exceeded, he states, those of any example of S. carulescens he had ever seen. Such a description, however, is in no way applicable to the types of S. griffithit as understood by Blyth, and it is therefore per- fectly evident, apart from external characters, that they are not the 8. griffithit of Horsfield. Tomes, however, did not concur with Horsfield in considering the fur as either short, close, or soft, but describes it as of medium length, deep blackish grey, glossy and rather coarse. The specimens from Arakan described by Blyth as 8. muriuus (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, Vol. XVII, 1851, p. 15) were afterwards the types of Blyth’s 8. griffithii, but these specimens were _ regarded by 'omes as S. cerulescens, and one of them appears to be that species. ; Blyth was under the impression that the type of 8, grif- fithii was from the Khasi Hills, although described from Afgh4nistén, because he saw a fine skin of a shrew be 182 MAMMALIA, believed to be 8. griffithii from Chardptnji in the possession of Griffith. This specimen had been forwarded to the India. House by Dr. M’Clelland, and Blyth seems to have concluded: that it was the type of S. griffithii, Horsfield; but the evidence is unsatisfactory, and, moreover, Blyth’s speci-.. mens, as already observed, do not agree with the description of 8. griffithia. In the type of C. heterodon, beyond the inward folding of the hair on the sides of the heel, as occurs in shrews generally, I cannot detect the hairy patch mentioned by Blyth. The feet have had the tarsal bones removed, atid the heel thus appears to begin at a bared portion of the leg, and in this way I think Blyth had been misled. The type of 8. viridescens, Blyth, was “a flat skin, tailless, and with only one hind foot attached.” 23la. A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 247A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Chérdpinji. Presented by F. Skipwith, Esq., 1846. é. An adult female in alcohol and its skull; No. 247B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Chérapinji. Presented by F, Skipwith, Esq., 1846. cto f. An adolescent male and three adult females in alco- hol, and the skull of d. Sibsdégar, Nég4 Hills, Assam. Pre- sented by 8. E. Peal, Esq., February 1871. g. The skin and skull of an adult female. Sibsdégar, As- sam. Presented by 8. E. Peal, Esq., February 1871. h. Stuffed specimen, No. 248C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1858. i. A stuffed specimen, No. 250A of Blyth’s Catalogue Chérapinji. “Presented by R. W. G. Frith, Esq., 1855. Type of 8. heterodon, Blyth. jg. A young female in alcohol and its skull; and No, 248E of Blyth’s Catalogue; its skull much blackened. Mergui. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1853. k/. An adolescent female in alcohol and its skull. Chara- punji. Presented by Lieutenant J. H. Bourne, 12th July 1871. Z. The skin of an adult male and its skull. Samaguting, Assam, Presented by Captain J. Butler, 1373. m to o. One adult male, and one adult and one adolescent female-in alcohol, and the skulls of m and o. Samaguting, Assam. Presented by Captain J. Butler, 1873. p. A young male shrew in alcohol, and its skull, apparently this species. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., July 1871, CTROCIDURA, 183 qg. A stuffed adolescent, No, 244E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Tenasserim, Presented by W. Theobald, Esq., 1855. r, A stuffed adult and portion of its skull, No. 246A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Calcutta, 1859, s. Theskin of afemale. Head of Barak river, Na4ga Hills, Assam. Presented by Lt..Colonel H. H. Godwin-Austen, 26th August 1873, t, A stuffed adult male and its skull, No. 246D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1854. w. The skin in alcohol and its skull, No. 246E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. v. A stuffed specimen and portion of its skull, No. 245A of Blyth’s Catalogue; in bad condition. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1859. The type of Sorex albinus, Blyth, w & x. Two adult females in alcohol and their skulls. Sibsagar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 20th December 1875, Types of C. pealana. y. A stuffed specimen. ‘Tinnevelly. Presented by the Rev. H. Baker, 1859. This is the pale specimen mentioned by Blyth. , z. & aa, An adult male and female in alcohol and their skulls. Travancore. Presented by the Rev. Mr. Baker, 1870. 64. Skin from Madras. Presented to the Museum of the East India Company by Colonel Sykes, and presented to the Indian Museum by the India Museum, London, through the Trustees of the British Museum, 13th Apvil. 1880. This is one of the types, if not the type, of S. niger, Sykes, and is probably the specimen mentioned in the Catalogue of the East India Company’s Museum (Horsfield), p. 135, No. 147. ec & dd. Two stuffed adult males (?) and their skulls, Nos. 246 G and H of Blyth’s Catalogue. Malabar. Presented by the Rev. H. Baker, June 1859. Type of 8. viridescens, Blyth. ee. A stuffed adolescent specimen, in very bad condition ; No. 251A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by the Rev. H. Baker, 1858. - Jf. A stuffed male and its skull; No. 248A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Kandy, Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart, 1852. Type of Sorex handianus, Kelaart. gg. A stuffed female and its skull. Khandala, 2,000 feet. Western Ghat. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1871. Type C. (P.) blanfordi, Anderson. 1 Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Vol. XXVIII, p. 284. 184 MAMMALIA. hh. A stuffed specimen and its skull, No. 249A of Blyth’s Catalogue, Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sherwill, 1854. ii. A nearly adult female in alcohol and its skull. Darjeeling. Presented by W. S, Atkinson, Esq., May 1871. jj to mm. Two adolescent females. Sureil, British Sikkim. Presented by George King, Esq., M.B., 10th February 1879., nn to pp. Three adult males: no history; probably from British Sikkim. gq to vv. Two adolescent, and three adult males, and one adult female in alcohol. Sureil, British Sikkim. Presented by J. L. Lister, Esq., 10th February 1879. ww to yy. An adolescent, a young and younger female in alcohol. Darjeeling. By exchange with W. T. Blandford, Esq., 27th November 1877. 232, Crocidura swinhooi. Sorex swinhoei, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxviii, 1859, p. 285. Sorex murinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxix, 1860, p. 89, par- tim ; ibid., Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 83, partum. Hab. China (Amoy). Snout long and pointed. Ears rather large. Feet propor- tioned to body; claws rather strong and blunt. Lower half of limbs with short hair; upper surface of feet not seminude, but elad with short brownish-yellow hairs. Tail about the length of the trunk; long, and ringed, covered with short yellowish-brown hair, with long white and brownish hairs intermixed. Fur short, silky dark brown, with a glossy lustre; the under surface mousey brown. _ Length of stuffed specimen 3”:60 ; fore-foot 0”'43 ; hind foot 0°72; tail 2”°40. Unfortunately the dental portion and the lower jaw are the only parts of the skull that have been preserved. The upper front incisors are short, convergent to their tips, but widely apart throughout. There is a well-developed tubercle on the inside of the basal eminence. The small front premolar is placed entirely within the line of the other teeth on the palatal surface. The tooth on either sidé oceupies exactly the same position as its fellow, and this cir- cumstance leads me to regard the arrangement as normal, Even supposing it were not, the general characters of the Shrew themselves separate it from C. murina, with which Blyth regarded it as identical. The second incisoris large and more CROCIDURA. 185 than exceeds the size of the united third incisor and canine. These two last mentioned teeth are rather small, and the canine slightly exceeds the size of the incisor. The tip of the chief cusp of the false molar is below the level of the point of the second incisor. 232a. A stuffed adult,-No. 246C of Blyth’s Catalogue and its skull. Amoy. Presented by R. Swinhoe, Esq., 1854. Type of 8. swinhkoer, Blyth. 233. Crocidura bidiana. Crocidura (P.) stoliczkana et bidiana, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 270, 276. Ilab. Southern and Western India (Madras and Bombay). Snout Jong and pointed. Ears moderately large and round, and rather well haired. Feet large and seminude ; the lower halves of the radial and tibial portions are also semi- nude; claws with rather long sharp curved points. Tail not much swollen at the base, equalling the length of the trunk and one-half of the head, well covered with short brown hairs, with Iong whitish hairs intermixed, their bases being dark brown. Snout, ears, and feet pale reddish brown, tail darker. Fur long, fine, and dense, 0°35 in length, reddish brown above and below, the basal portion of‘the fur, as usual, being dark slaty. The under surface has also a greyish gloss, Length, tip of snout to vent Se ee we En BBO) 6 of tail . ‘ . F . 5 » 260 9 of hind foot ‘ F Z : . , » 0°80 58 tip of snouttoeye . . . . . . » 0°70 a eye to ear o - : ‘ s . » 027 Height of ear 4 ° ' ‘i 2 » 027 Breadth of ear ‘ E . a A : . » 0°30 The foregoing specimen is a male with nearly all the sutures of the skull obliterated. The upper incisors are not very prominent and but little curved, and there is a small but well-defined tubercle on the inner side of the posterior portion of these teeth forming a sharp conical cusp. The second incisor is large and nearly equals the length of the chief cusp of the first molar. The third incisor and canine are almost of equal size, but the latter, as is generally the case, is slightly larger than the former. The premolar is small and wedged in between the canine and the first molar, is sharply conical, and nearly wholly visible externally. The anterior cusp on the first molar is small and rather blunt, and 186 MAMMALIA. considerably above the level of the point of the canine. There is a minute eminence on the outside of the lower in- cisor near its tip. The total length of the upper line of teeth is 07°45. The skull unfortunately met with an accident before it was measured. The smallerand more rounded ears, its larger size, and the presence of a lateral gland separate it from C. rubicunda, 233a. An adult male in aleohol, and its skull, imperfect. Madras. By exchange with the Central Museum, 13th December 1876. Type of C. bidiana. 6. An adolescent male in alcohol and its skull. Bombay. Presented by Dr. F, Stoliczka, 12th April 1872. TZype of C. stoliczkana, 234. Crocidura macrotis. Sorex peyrottetii, Blyth, (partim) Journ. As. Soc., vol. xvi (1847), . 1275. Bote melanodon,' Blyth Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 33. Sorex nudipes, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 34. Pachyura nudipes, Blyth, Fizinger, Sitzungsber, Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1868, p. 172 ; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 231. Pachyura assamensis, Anderson, Proc. Zool, Soc. 1873, p. 232. Crocidura (P.) macrotis, et nitidofulva, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 271 & 272. Hab. Lower Bengal (Calcutta), Assam (Godlpdra), Tenas- serim (Amherst), ; Snout seminude, long, and somewhat swollen across the incisors, with the nasal portion attenuated. Ears moderately large and rather patulous, their antero-posterior breadth equalling two-thirds of the distance from their lower angles to the tip of the snout; sparsely covered with short brown hairs on their outer, and partially so, on their inner surface. Limbs rather feeble, shortly haired from the elbow and knee down- wards. Feet only sparsely covered with short brown hairs which are paler on the toes; toes rather short; claws well developed. Tail equalling or not quite equalling the length of the trunk, rounded, tapering and ringed, nearly nude in appearance, owing to the shortness of the brown hairs which sparsely clothe it; moderately long white hairs in- terspersed us usual. Fur very short, shining brown or dark-brown above, which is also the colour of the upper sur- _ ! Wagler in 1833 (Isis, p. 54) named a red-toothed shrew S. melanodon = 8, vulgaris. CROCIDURA. 187 faces of the snout and tail; lower half of ears, chin, and feet, yellowish brown. Adolescent 6 Adult 9 Length, tip of snout to vent + in. 167 in. 1-75 » of tail z ‘ & yy DOS » 127 » hindfoot . . + 5, 0°32 » 0°34 » tipofsnouttoeye . « ay ODF » 0°30 » eye to ear é . + s9 O17 » O14 ‘Height of ear . A » » O19 » 0:20 Breadth of ear ‘i . ‘ + 9 O15 x» O24 The first upper incisors are rather widely apart, directed forwards and downwards. A well-developed tubercle on the inner side of the posterior portion, which is conically pointed, The second incisor is large, and more than equalling the longi- tudinal length of the third incisor and the canine; the third incisor is only a little smaller than the canine ; the premolar ig placed behind the canine, has a sharp point, and is visible ex- ternally, but its point is much above the level of the point of the anterior cusp of the first molar; the chief cusp of this last mentioned tooth is but little longer than the second incisor, Blyth, in describing this species, stated that it was “ remark- able for its naked feet and very large ears; also for the odori- ferous glands on the sides being strongly developed ; whereas we can detect them in no other of these minute species.” The feet, however, of the type specimens, named in Blyth’s own handwriting, appear to be quite as well haired, if not more so than in some other species, and, moreover, the elands on the sides are not peculiar to it as a small species. As the character assigned by Blyth, viz., naked feet, is mislead. ing, I have re-named this species after its distinguishing feature, namely, its large ears. It is closely allied to C. perrottetdi from the Nilgiris, but is distinguished from it by its larger ears and by the character of its teeth, the first incisor being well curved, with a prominent eminence at the base, and the first intermediate tooth being large and conical. 284 ato e. Fouradult males and one adult female, and the skulls of a, dand e. Nos, 254A to E of Blyth’s Catalogue. Amherst, Tenasserim. Presented by E. P. Reilly, Esq., 1847. Types of 8. nudipes, Blyth. ; § g. Two adult males in alcohol, and the skull of Nos. 255 A & B of Blyth’s Catalogue. Caleutta, 1855-57. Types of S. melanodon, Blyth, and of C. nitidofulva, Anderson. h, An adult male in alcohol. Calcutta. Presented by Mr. C. Swaries, March 1873. 188 MAMMALIA. 2. An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Godlp4&ra, Assam Presented by H. L. Houghton, Esq., 2nd December 1866 Type of P. assamensis, Anderson. j. An adult male in alcohol and its skull. Botanical Gardens, Howrah. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1872. k. A gravid female, with five foetuses in the womb, one opposite to the os, in alcohol, and its skull. Jessore. Pre- sented by James Wood-Mason, Esq., October 1873. 235. Crocidura perrottetii. Sorex een Duvernoy, Mag. de Zool. Pl. 38 & 54, 1842, p. 89, Pl. 47. ; Crocidura (P.) nilgirica, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, pt. 2, 1877, p. 274. Hab. Nilgiris (Utakamund). Form small, slender. Head long, somewhat flattened ; snout rather broad, but long and rather abruptly rounded towards the nostrils. Snout densely haired, and moustachial bristles rather numerous. Ears of moderate size and not hidden, rounded, and sparsely clad with short hairs. Limbs clad to the wrist and ankle, and the upper surface of the feet sparsely clad. Claws well developed and sharp; pads of feet rather prominent. Tail equals about the length from the vent to the front of the shoulder; not swollen at the base, rather slender ; finely ringed, about 12 to 13 rings to the one- tenth of an inch; numerous short strong hairs between the rings, with scattered, long black hairs. Fur short, dense, and velvety ; genéral colour, snout, ears, tail and upper surface of limbs, deep fuliginous, velvety black or dark brown, paler below with asilvery lustre. Claws yellowish. Adult male. Length from tip of snout to vent . - . in, 1°78 . oftal 6 oe em we gy TD » of hind foot . ‘ : : ‘ + 9, 035 Height of ear. ‘ . : . . © 4, 015 Breadth of ear . F F » O15 The skull proves this specimen to be fully adult, as the sutures on the base of the cranium are obliterated. A small portion of the occipital has been broken off, but sufficient remains on one side to indicate that the foramen magnum has been very large; measured from the inferior border of the foramen magnum to the end of the palate anteriorly, the total length of the adult skull is only 0°45. The condyles are CROCIDURA. 189 large, and there is a considerable concavity or depression immediately over the temporal fossa. The most marked feature of the skull is the character of the teeth, more espe- cially of the first upper incisor, which is short and but little, if at all, hooked, and destitute of the marked eminence at its base posteriorly, which is so distinctive of the generality of shrews. There is a slight indication of the position of the eminence on the outer side of the tooth, but no more, and the tip of the first intermediate tooth is but little below the basal portion of the first incisor, and the immediately. succeeding teeth gradually diminish in size to the fourth intermediate tooth, which is well developed, and in the line of the teeth before it, and almost wholly visible externally. The anterior portions of the crowns of these three teeth are rather sharply pointed. The apex of the crown of the first molar is on a level with the base of the first incisor. The last tooth has two distinct cusps. The condyle of the lower jaw is not divided by a notch. Inferior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxille F in, 0°45 Breadth across molars e * . . ; ‘ s : 017 », at posterior border of infraorbital foramen - 3, 016 » at middle of frontal contraction » O18 » external glenoid fossz -», O21 rh » to auditory canal - 026 Length of upper row of teeth - >, O21 » Oflower ,, ,, » ‘ +», O14 285 a § 4. Two adult males in alcohol and the skull of a. Utakamund, Nilgiris, Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 30th July 1877. e & d. Two adults in alcohol. Nilgiris. Presented by Lt.- Colonel Beddome, 28th July 1879. 236. Crocidura (P). travancorensis. Crocidura (P.) travancorensis, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc., Beng., vol. xlvi, pt. 2, 1877, p: 275. Hab. Southern India (Travancore); Head more elongated before the ear than in P. macro- tis; ears moderately developed and sparsely clad; feet seminude, with short white hairs, hardly hiding the scaly skin. Claws well developed, sharp. ‘Tail equalling the length of the trunk without the head ; not swollen at the base, tetragonal, scaly, ringed, 43 rings to the quarter inch and not obscured by the hairs, which are extremely few and short, those at the tip being longest; long white hairs interspersed. 190 MAMMALIA, Fur very short, dense, and soft; reddish brown above, the under surface greyish, with a warm tint, silvery in certain lights. Feet yellowish brown. Tail above concolorous wi the upper surface of the body. 6 Length from tip of snout to vent . : : r . in. 1:66 - of tail . . . ‘i 5 . wx 29 3 of hind foot . . » ‘4 ‘ 3 » O81 33 from tip of snout to. eye . ‘ ‘ , ‘ » 0°30 » eyets = ¥ : 7 . p % » O14 Height of ear . m a é 3 é 3 a O19 Breadth of ear. . » O21 The skull has the el portion more elonraticd than in C. macrotis. The front upper incisor is short and directed downwards, and the posterior portion of the tooth has a small tubercle on its inner side, and is large and rather sharply pointed. The second is considerably larger than the third imcisor and the canine combined, and its apex reaches as far downwards as the anterior point of the first incisor. The third incisor and the canine are of equal breadth, the first of the two being the longer, The small premolar is largely visible externally, al- though it lies between the canine and first molar. There is a slight swelling on the outer border of the lower incisor near its free end. ro) Anterior.border of foramen magnum to a of bees in. 0-49 Breadth across maxille . » O18 3» behind infraorbital foramen. ‘ x P a gp O18 > before brain case ‘ ¥ * is » «0 DIS » external to glenoid fossee : = z 3 +» 3 020 to tympanic », 0°26 Length from condyle of lower jaw to anterior end of alveolar length from condyle of lower jaw to anterior end of alveolar line 3 i : . i i « 9g O25 Length of upper alveolar line ; ‘ % ‘ « O20 35 2 lower, #9 . »» O12 236a. An adult male in alectul and ite skal, Traancore, Presented by the Rev. H. Baker, 1871. TZyze. 6, An adult in alcohol. Kalaghat, western slopes of the Nilgiris. Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 6th April 1878. e, An adult in alcohol. Kollegél Hills, Presented by Lt.-Colonel Beddome, 25th November 1578, : (No lateral gland.) 237. Crocidura rubicunda, Crocidura (P.) rubicunda, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, pt. 2, 1877, p. 277. CROCIDURA. 191 Hab, We&tern Bengal (Paresnath). Snout long and pointed, not much ‘swollen across the moustachial region, well haired. Ears large, round, very sparsely haired; rather long white hairs on the flaps. Feet slender, covered with short, nearly white hairs, so as to ob- scure the skin and projecting over the yellow claws, which are rather large and curved at the points. Tail equalling the distance from the vent to the middle of the ear, measured along the side, slightly swollen at tlfe base, round, and rather thickly clad with longish pale yellow, almost white hairs, with long white hairs intermixed. Muzzle, ears, feet and tail, pale yellowish. Fur rather long and soft, and pale rusty fawn. Under parts grey, suffused with fawn. g Tength, tip of snout torent ‘i . . . : - in, 3°40 » of tail ‘ F P * . + mo oe » of hind foot F 3 . . i % + 9, O64 » tip of snout to ae 5 F . ; . + » 063 2) 8S eye to ear a ‘ P : ‘ . - » 036 Height of ear. , r x ¥ ¥ . ‘ « w O8S Breadth of ear r P P * F ‘ x + 5, 040 The first upper incisors of this female are longer, stronger and more curved than in the adult male of C. écdiana, and there is no tubercle on the inside of the posterior portion of the tooth, which is not so sharply pointed as in that specjes. The second incisor is also a broader and more blunted tooth than in C. bidiana, and the third incisor is notably smaller than the canine. The premolar is largely visible externally. The lower incisors are notched in the middle, and their points are not so upwardly bent as in C, bidiana. g Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxille . in. 0:93 Breadth across maxilla F f 5 i + 95, 0°23 » behind infraorbital foranien a é ‘ « » 080 55 before brain case F ; . ‘ + 5) O25" » external to glenoid fossxe . . . . + 4, 039 » totympanic . . ‘ . » 9, 042 Length of upper alveolar line. »» 0°49 » from condyle of lower ae to ‘anterior end of ‘alveolar line. 5 . . . . - 5 05: 237a. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Paresnath. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1874. Ziype. ~ § An adolescent female. Locality unknown. Bequeathed to the Asiatic Society of Bengal by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 6th March 1880. 192 MAMMALIA. 238. Crocidura subfulva. Crocidura murina, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xli, 1872, yy . 223. P Crocidura (P.) subfulva, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol, xlvi, pt. 2, 1877, p. 278. Hab. Kach. Snout rather short and broad: ears moderately developed, rather flattened above and rounded posteriorly and sparsely clad with pale-coloured hairs. Feet moderately large, and. tolerably well clad, with pale-coloured hairs hanging over the claws, which are yellow and strong. The tail equals the length of the trunk and is not swollen at the base, but it is rather thick throughout and somewhat abruptly tapers to- wards the point, and it is somewhat tetragonal. It is rela- tively well clad with short pale hairs which hide the rings, ‘and at the point the hairs form an imperfect pencil, long white hairs are intermixed. The snout, ears, feet and tail are pale yellowish-brown; the tail paler on its under surface. General colour of the upper surface pale fawn ; silvery grey on the under parts. Tip of snout to vent, 1” 90; tail, 1-730; hind foot, 0-742. Front upper incisors directed forwards and downwards, posteriorsportion moderately developed and sharply conical, a very feeble but distinct tubercle on the inside. Second incisor large, sharply pointed and nearly equalling in length the first tooth, twice as broad as the third incisor and canine. The premolar is very minute and wedged in between the canine and first molar, and is partially visible externally. Anterior margin of foramen a to i of aie in. 0°62 Breadth across maxille . + 9 023 behind infraorbital foramen . . 5 . + O12 before brain case ‘ 2 . « ay 0°20 s» external to glenoid fossee . > . . + 5, 026 af to tympanic . . a i [ - », 0°30 ‘Length of upper alveolar line . » 0°32 » from condyle of lower j jaw to ‘anterior end of alveolar line . fe ‘ » a 86 These are rather young shrews, but From the condition of the skull of which I have given the measurements, it is ap- parent that the animal does not attain to a much larger size. It might be mistaken for the young of C. dédiana, or C, ru- bicunda, but the teeth being complete it is evident from the measurements of the upper dental line that its teeth are considerably. smaller than the teeth of either of these species. OROCIDURA. 198 238.4 & 6. An adolescent, and a younger female in alcohol, and their skulls, Kach, Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 12th April 1872, 239. Crocidura montana. Sorex montanus, Kelaart, Prod. Fauna Zey. 1852, p. 31. Hab, Ceylon Highlands. Snout long and rather broad across the moustachial region. Ears round, full, and moderately large. Feet well developed, dull brown. Lower half of limbs short haired. Claws moderately strong and curved, yellowish. Feet sparsely clad with brown hairs, generally long and white at the base of the claws. Tail shorter than the trunk and rather thickly covered with short dark brown hairs, with long pale brown or greyish hairs intermixed.. Fur full, soft, and deep slaty, the grey colour being almost obscured by dull dark brown. Under parts with a silvery sheen. Male. in. in. in. Tip of snout to vent 3°70 Height ofear 0:30 Hind foot - O74 > ta » eye 0°72 Breadthofear0:32 Tail . « 225 Upper front incisors well developed and close together . anteriorly ; a very prominent tubercle on the inner side of the posterior portion forms a distinct cusp, the posterior por- tion itself being only feebly developed. The second in- cisor large and conical, nearly equalling in length the great cusp of the false molar, and exceeding the longitudinal breadth of the third incisor and canine, which are well developed, the latter being only a little larger than the former. The second premolar is wedged in between the canine and false molar, and is wholly hidden externally. The small anterior cusp of the false molar is near the base of the tooth and is feeble, and its tip is only a-short way below the level of the crown of the first premolar. Anterior border of foramen magnum to tipof premaxille . 1:02 Breadth of maxilla F . : 0°40 »» behind infraorbital foramen. - i . - 022 - anterior to braincase =. + . . . - 028 » external to glenoid articulation ‘ 5 é .« 040 é 55 totympanic . - . . “oe 0:50 Length of lower jaw condyle to anterior end of alveolar line . 0°60 xy» Upper alveolar line a on . . . - 050 » ~~» lower i 55 7 sos » 033 194 MAMMALIA. 2394. An adult male in alcohol and its skull; in very bad condition. Ceylon. Presented by H. Nevill, Esq., 26th February 1874. 240. Crocidura pygmeoides. (?) Sorex pygmaeus, Hodgson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1846, p. 269. Sorex perrottetii, Blyth (partim), Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi, 1847, p-.1276; op. cit. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 34. (P) Sorex hodgsoni, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv (1855), p. 34. Sorex mieronyx, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 33, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. xvii, 2nd ser. 1856, p. 20; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 85 (partim). @) Sorex atratus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 34. Pachyura micronyx, Blyth, Fitzinger, Sitzungsber. Akad, Wiss. Wien, 1868, p. 171; Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 231. Crocidura (P.) pygmexoides, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xlvi, pt. ii, p. 279. Hab. Himalaya. Snout rather long, narrow and pointed ; well clad. Ears well developed and prominent, sparsely clad with short hairs. Feet well developed, rather long and slender, the hind foot being especially larger than in C. macrotis, Andr.; toes moderately long: claws strong and curved. Lower portion of both anterior and posterior limbs clad with short brown hairs. Feet rather sparsely clad with short brown hairs. Tail rather long, somewhat tetragonal, and nearly equalling the length of the trunk and half of the head, ringed, 39 rings to quarter of an inch, rather densely covered with short brown hairs, which nearly hide the rings; long white in- terspersed hairs, Fur rather short, soft, and silky. General colour-rich, deep rusty brown. Snout pale rufous brown, feet yellowish brown. Under parts brownish, with a marked silvery sheen. Female. in. Length, tip of snout to vent . . és . ‘ . - 185 a of tail o a . . . . . 1:40 55 of hind foot . 2 F z . - 7 . 037 ‘ tip of snout toeye . > ‘ « “ " . O31 ay eyetoear . . p a ? é é . O15 Height of ear . . . es as - . < - 020 Breadth of ear : . , * . . e * - 0°23 Anterior incisors well developed ; posterior portion with no internal process of the cingulum; conical point slightly directed backwards. Second incisor large, broader than the conjoint third incisor and canine, which have the usual re- lations ; premolar placed behind the canine, visible exter- CROCIDURA. 195 nally. The anterior cusp of the first molar large, its point almost on the same level as the point of the canine; the point of the chief cuspof the first molar is nearly on the same level as the point of the first incisor, in Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxilla + 050 Breadth across maxilla , . 7 a se .- 019 5s behind infraerbital foramen , 3 P ‘ - O14 53 before brain case. 3 s ay . . O15 3 external to glenoid fosse 3 < ‘ . - 023 aa » _ to tympanic . . . » 027 Length of lower jaw, condyle to anterior end of alveolar line . 0°26 »» of upper alveolar line . : 7 ‘ 7 ., O13 x» of lower ~ 5 ; " mn # “ . O13 Sorex hodgsoni, Blyth, was founded on a shrew so young that the skull is almost membranous and the teeth so little advanced that they had not pierced the gums, and it is im- possible, therefore, to determine the characters of the dentition. The shrew, named by Blyth S. micronyx, was a very young individual with the bones impartially ossified and the incisors only appearing through the gums, yet he derived the distin- guishing character of the supposed species from its still im-. perfectly matured claws, As the claws, however, in the adult are strong and well developed, the term micronya is a mis- nomer and cannot be accepted. Sorex atratus was founded on a headless specimen. 240a. A young specimen in alcohol. Its skull, No. 257A and p. 85 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling, Presented by Major Sherwill, 1854. &. A young male in alcohol and its skull. No. 258B of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 85. Masiari. Presented by L, C. Stewart, Esq., 1852. One of the Types of S. mzcronyzx, Blyth. e. An adult female in alcohol and a fragment of its skull. No. 258A of Blyth’s Catalogue. Almord. Pre- sented by Major R. Wroughton, 1846. The specimen is much shrivelled, &c., and in bad condition. The specimen is marked 258 of Blyth’s Catalogue. d. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. Stoliczka, 2nd September 1871. - e. An adult in alcohol. Mungpu, British Sikkim, Pre- sented by G, King, Esq., M.B., 1878. jf. A headless specimen in alcohol. No. 256, p. 88 of Blyth’s Catalcgue. Chérdpunji. Presented by R. A, G. Frith, Esq., 1851. This specimen is transfixed on the spine of a shrub, and it was found in this condition. Type S. atratus. 196 MAMMALIA, Sus-Genus CROCIDURA, Wagler, 1823. (Lateral gland.) 241. Crocidura rubricosa. Crocidura (C.) rubricosa et kingiana, Anderson, Journ. As. Svc. Beng, vol. xlvi, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 280 281. Hab. Northern Bengal (Purniah), and extending into the Himalaya (British Sikkim), Assam, Géro Hills and Khasi Hills. Snout pyramidal, moderately broad, well clad, nostrils rounded, divided, but not much prolonged. Ears of moderate size, and sparsely clad. Limbs in their lower halves sparsely elothed, also the feet, which are, however, covered with short brown hairs, long over the claws, which are well developed, but not much curved. Tail mouse-like, equalling the dis- tance from the vent to the angle of the mouth, somewhat tetragonal, not swollen at the base, ringed, vovered with short brown hairs, the long white hairs confined to the basal third. Colour dark or reddish brown above, more rufous, on the head and snout; feet, and under surface of tail paler yellowish brown ; under parts greyish brown, with a pre- vailing silvery sheen. 5 Length, tip of snout to vent . re . : ‘ - in. 3:20 » oftair . . E . F ; + » 242 » of hind foot 4 . * ‘a i ‘ - » O60 » tipofsnout to eye . é ‘ ‘ ' + 55 O5L x» eye to ear » 5 e a é é - » O22 Height of ear f ' a r ‘ 6 ‘ » x 9028 Breadth of ear " y» 030 The skull of this species is je dnuhderataly Hnnputed, with the upper front incisors close together anteriorly, but not touch- ing, and there is a well-defined tubercle on the inside of the posterior portion of each tooth, narrow, sharp, and conical. The second incisor is large and equals the latter. The interior cusp on the first molar is sharply defined, but wholly developed from the cingulum. There is a marked tubercle on the outer margin of the lower incisor anterior to the middle. & Anterior border of forameh magnum to premaxille . - in, 0°73 Breadth across maxille . a pe 4 ‘ « 9» 027 a behind infraorbital foramen . « . . - , O19 i anterior to brain case . ¥ ‘ . + 9 O21 a external to glenoid fosse . A ‘ . » 9 OBL 5 55 totympanic . * r a : » » O87 i of upper alveolar line . ¥ ‘ 2 . 9 036 3 of lower sh ‘ é i a . » » O21 CROCIDURA. 197 241a@ to d. An adult male, two adolescent males, and one adolescent female, in alcohol, and their skulls. The female was impregnated, although the basi-occipital suture was “perfectly intact, and her teeth surfaces unground. Sibsdgar, Assam. Presented by S. E. Peal, Esq., 1867. Type. e. An adult female and portion of its skull (lower jaw.) Purniah.. Presented by S. W. Shillingford, Esq., 28th August 1872. J. An adult female in alcohol, and its skull. Charépunjf. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 1870. g. A young male in alcohol and its skull. Gé&ro Hills. Presented by Lt.-Colonel H. H. Godwin Austen, 1870. 4. A young female in alcohol and fragments of its skull. Nadzira, Assam. Presented by J. M. Foster, Esq,, 1870. , «to &, Three adult males in alcohol and the skull of 2. Mungpu (British Sikhim). Presented by G. King, Esq., M.B., 6th March 1877. ‘Type 8. kingiana. The: lateral gland was so obscure in the type that I overlooked it, but other specimens have established its presence, and I have no hesitation in uniting this species with C. rubricosa. ftom. Two adult males and one adult female in alcohol. The female has three pairs of inguinal teats. Mungpu, British Sikkim. Presented by J. L. Lister, Esq., 10th February 1879. 242. Crocidura fuliginosa. Sorex fuliginosus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 362 ; Ann. & Mag, Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. xvii, 1856, p. 22; Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. 1863, p. 84. Crocidura fuliginosa, Blyth, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1873, p. 231. Hab. Tenasserim. Snout moderately long, not much pointed and not densely clad. Ears rather large, seminude. Lower portion of limbs only sparsely clad : feet nearly nude, large, and broad: claws short and deep. ‘Tailas long as the interval between the vent and eye, rounded, and rather thick at the base, finely ringed, sparsely covered with very short dark brown hairs. A few long white hairs from its root, towards its middle, Snout, ears, and tail pale yellowish-brown. Fur dense, moderately long, velvety, dark slaty at the base, the root fuliginous brown, 198 MAMMALIA. with inconspicuous, dull, long tips: under part scarcely, if at all, paler, with silvery reflections. 5, ju. 9, ad. Tip of snout to vent . . ‘ ‘ 246 2°90 Hind foot. r . : 5 ‘ 050 0°60 Tail : - 5 = . 195 2.30, Tip of snout to eye . : . - a 3°43 Eyetoear . ° . . . 5 aan 025 Height of ear. . . & ‘ aa 0-28 Breadth of ear. F . . . Sea 0-30 In the female skull, the base of the incisor is much directed forwards, and the tooth is then abruptly bent down- wards, the downwardly directed portion being rather ‘short. The posterior portion of the tooth is not strongly developed, and the point is slightly directed backwards: the cingulum forms a strong ridge along the inside, but no tubercle. The second incisor is large and conically pointed, its points being nearly on the same level-with the point of the chief cusp of the false molar. The third incisor and canine are more than the breadth of the second incisor. The small anterior cusp on the false incisor rises above the cingulum, but its point is above the level of the point of the canine. Two not very well marked depressions or notches occur on the lower incisors. $ g Anterior border of foramen magenee to tip of pre maxille . . : - - in. O80 O76 Breadth across maxilla ° e e » » O31 030 ay behind Jachrymal canal si 5 ‘ + » O20 020 34 anterior to brain case # * + 9 O23 023 93 external to glenoid articulation = « » 035 0:32 ss to tympanic o » O42 0°41 Length from condyle of lower jaw to anterior end of alveolar line. 3 ‘ - » O50 048 55 of upper alveolar line . 3 r - + 040 0°38 ss of lower $3 5 : é » 5 C23 025 242a & 6. An adult female and an adolescent. male in alcohol, and the skull of a; Nos, 253 A & Bof Blyth’s Cata- logue, p. 84, Tenasserim Provinces. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1855. Types of C. fuliginosa, Blyth. e. A mounted specimen, No. 253C of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1855. d. A skull, No. 253D of Blyth’s Catalogue. Presented by Major Berdmore, 1855. CROCIDURA. 199 242. Crocidura retusa. Crocidura (Cr.) retusa, Peters, Monatsber, der R. Akad. der Wissen. 1870, p. 585. Hab, Highlands of Ceylon (Paradinia). Snout rather long and pointed ; partially haired ; ears semi- nude, prominent. Limbs seminude in their lower halves; feet rather long and slender; claws well developed. Tail round, scaled, slender and tapering, almost equalling the length of the body and head, Fur moderately long, bright rusty red above, under parts pale silvery grey with a warm tint ; ears, feet, and under surface of tail pale reddish—yellow. é Tip of snout to vent =. 3 : ‘ . : - in, 210 Hind foot ; e Fy ‘ ‘: . 3 - 9, O'50 Vent totipoftal. . . . © » 195 Snout to eye A . ‘ B - 9» 037 Eye to ear % * é ~ 9 O16 Height of ear ‘ ‘ » O21 Breadth of ear » O24 The skull is almost fully adult, as the basi-occipital suture is partially closed. Upper anterior incisors close together, a well-marked tubercle on the inner side of the posterior portion.’ The third incisor and the canine are of nearly | equal size. A very minute tubercle on the outer side of the first lower incisor about its middle. The lower incisors are rather short and more forwardly directed than is generally the case among shrews. Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxilla in. 0:60 Breadth across maxille . ‘ . eae ye OBO oe behind lachrymal canal . S - x» O15 és anterior to brain case . é + r » 4 0:20 ie external to glenoid articulation . » 0:28 5 35 to tympanic é A . A + 4, 0°30 Length from condyle to anterior end of alveolar line . 4, O34 of upper alveolar line}. z : ; «9» 030 53 of lower ,, ae ‘i is ‘ B » » O17 * The specimen agrees generally with the measurements given by Prof. Peters of his type, and apparently also with the characters assigned to the dentition of C. media. . 243a. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. Paradinia, Ceylon. Presented by W. Thwaites, Esq., 14th May 1872. 200 MAMMALIA. (Wo lateral gland.) 244, Crocidura kelaarti. Sorex kelaarti, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855. 9. 32; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus., 1863, p. 84. Crocidura kelaarti, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 230. Hab, Ceylon (Galle). A young shrew with the very short fur of youth, Tail short; ears small, little raised above the furj; feet well. de- veloped with longish claws. Lower half of limbs and the feet seminude. General colours above and below rich rusty brown ; pale yellowish-brown on the feet. Snout well haired, ‘The shrew is evidently extremely young, probably little more than neivly born, as the teeth have evidently only been piercing the gum. Length, tip of snout to vent =. ; ji . « in, 2°70 a tip of snout to eye P . : * » x, 0°40 Hind foot ‘ ‘ é . * i « ae 280 Eye to ear . F ‘ ‘ fi i 7 - » 020 Vent to tip of tail =. . . 4 ‘ P ous 2S Height of ear . ‘ . ‘ " r ‘ o 9 O23 Breadth of ear . : . . * A : » » O15 All the sutures are intact, and the premaxillary suture is anterior to the third intermediate tooth. It may prove to be the young of some other species already known. It is curious to observe, as Blyth remarks, that the inguinal teats of this shrew, although the animal is so very young, are well developed. 244a. A young female in alcohol and its skull, No. 252A of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 84. Galle, Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart, 1854. Type. 245. Crocidura myoides. Sorex! (Crocidura) myoides, W. 7. Blanford, Sc. Results, 2nd Yér- kand Mission, 1879, p. 16, pl. 1 fig. 1; pl. la fig. 2. Hab. Ladak (Leh). 245@. An adult female in alcohol and its skull. “Leh, La- dak. Dr. F. Stoliczka, 1873-74. Presented by the 2nd Yar- kand Mission. Type figured and described by W. T. Blanford, 1 The teeth are white, and the front upper incisors have an obscure in- ternal process, Teeth: e+ 8 =e. SOREX, 201 Esq., F.R.S., Scientific Results of 2nd Yarkand Mission, 1879, p. 16, pls. 1 and 1a, figs. 1 and 2. 6. A flat skin, Leh. Presented by W.H. Johnson, Esq., 8lst July 1880. Sus-Famtty SORICINA, Genus SOREX, Linneus, 1735. 246. Sorex alpinus. Sorex alpinus, Schinz, Frébel’s und Heer Mitthiel. Bd. I, Neue Denkschr. I, p. 18, fig. 1. Amphisorex alpinus, Duvernoy, Mém. de la Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. de Strasb. t. ii, 3 Suppl., 1838, p. 4; Mag. de Zool., 1842, p. 31, tab. 49. Sorex antinorii, Bonap. Icon, d. Faunae}Ital., fasc. xxix. Corsira alpinus, Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng. Mus., 1863, p. 86 (partim) ; Jerdon, Mamm. of Ind. (partim), 1867, p. 61. Hab, Hurope (Alpine region). 246a, A stuffed adult, No. 261A, p. 86 of Blyth’s Cata- logue. Mt. St. Gothard. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1849. 247. Sorex vulgaris. Sorex vulgaris, Linn., Mus. Adolph. Frid. p. 10, 1754; Blasius, Na- turg. Saugeth. Deuteshi., 1857, p. 129, fig. 86. Hab. Europe. 247a. An adult female in alcohol, No. 262A, p. 86 of Blyth’s Catalogue. 6. An adult male in alcohol, No. 262B, p. 86 of Blyth’s Catalogue. 8. leucodon, apud Melherbe. France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1854. ec. A stuffed specimen, No. 262C, p. 86 of Blyth’s Cata- logue. France. Presented by M. Melherbe, 1854, ad. A stuffed specimen, No. 262D, p. 86 of Blyth’s Cata- logue. England. Presented by Mr. Davison, 1846. e. Askin. No history. Labelled 8. tetragonurus, England. J. Dental portion of a skull, No. 262F of Blyth’s Cata- logue, p. 86. England. Presented by Mr. Davison, 1846, 248. Sorex pygmeeus. ’ Sorex pygmezus, Pallas, Zoor. Ross. Asiat. t. i, p. 184, Hab. Northern Europe and Asia. 248a, An adult in alcohol. No history, 202 MAMMALIA. Genus SORICULUS, Blyth, 1855. A small shrew with red-tipped teeth, and the follow- ing dentition: *24+24+2+8=30. The first upper incisors with a prominent cusp at their posterior portion, and a small cusp or talon internally on the vertical portion. Lower incisors with a prominent cusp over their base. Snout mode- rately long, and tapering: nostrils not prominent. Ear almost completely hidden: antitragus acting as a valve. Feet mode- rately or well developed, scaly, partially haired. Tail mouse- like, scaly, ringed, tetragonal, no long hairs, pencillated at the tip. No lateral gland. Fur dense and velvety. Skull with a short orbito-temporal fossa, and with two articular surfaces for the lower jaw, upper zygomatic, and a lower post- glenoid. ' The skull of this genus is very different in form from the skull of Crocidura. Jt is a much lighter skull and without ridges, and has more the form of the skull of TZadpa, but without the zygomatic arch and any trace of an orbital process. The temporal fossa is very short; and the preorbital foramen is spanned by a broad arch of bone. The occipital region is forwardly tilted, but not to the same extent as in Tulpa. There is a prominent angle immediately external to the tympanic, and from this angle a feeble ridge runs forwards to the beginning of the temporal fossa, and bears on its under surface anteriorly a facet, which looks forwards, outwards, and downwards, and which receives the upper division of the condyle of the mandible. The. foramen magnum is very broad from above: downwards. The post-glenoid process is very large, convex posteriorly and marked by a large foramen (ovale ?). Its anterior surface is deeply concave and looks ‘forwards and somewhat outwards, and bears an articular sur- face for the reception of the lower division of the condyle of the mandible, and this surface is in no way continuous with the upper surface, but widely separated from it by a deep notch. ‘There is a minute foramen at the base of the post- glenoid process posteriorly. The posterior margin of the palate forms a thin fine convex ridge, a little behind the last molar. The notches separating the articular surface of the divided condyle are not so deep as in Chimarrogale. The process of the angle is thin and moderately long, and directed back- wards. SORICULUS. 203 The first upper incisors are short and hooked, with a promi- nent cusp at their posterior portion, and a small cusp on_ the inner side of the vertical portion of the tooth, a little above the tip. Second, third, and fourth intermediate teeth conical, decreasing in size from before backwards. An extremely minute tooth, wedged in between the four intermediate teeth and the second premolar, and completely excluded from the general line of the teeth externally. Second premolar with one prominent external central cusp with a smaller cusp anterior to it, the former cusp being prolonged backwards as a ridge terminating as an obscure cusp. The basal portion of the second premolar internally has two pointed cusps, the anterior eusp the most downwardly prolonged, corresponding to the in- ternal cusps occurring on the first two molars: the crown of each molar has three small external and two internal cusps connected to the internal cusps by a zigzag line. The third molar has four cusps arranged quadrangularly around a central depres- sion with one external cusp. The first lower incisor has a marked cusp near its base. The third tooth has two cusps, and the molars are five-cusped, one anterior and two external and two internal, opposite to each other. _ The transverse process of the atlas is not outwardly pro- longed. The spinous process of the axis is large and halbert- shaped, but the remaining cervical vertebra show no distinct spinous processes. The neural arches -have considerable lateral breadth. There are well-developed hypapophyses on the 2nd and 8rd cervicals, and a trace of them on the 8rd and 4th. The transverse processes of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th cervicals overlap. The dorsal vertebra are devoid of spinous processes, until about the 10th segment, when a trace begins to show itself and which becomes more strongly developed in the lumbar vertebra. In Croctdura the first dorsal vertebrae have short spinous processes, and all of them have their pro- cesses more or less developed, whereas in 2adpa they are, as in Soriculus, almost obsolete. Five vertebrz are united in the sacrum, which has a prominent keel-like crest, and, instead of a symphysis, the pubic bones are mnch more widely apart than ‘in Crocidura. The caudal vertebree increase in length to the 8th, and then diminish. ‘he vertebral formula is C. 7, D. 18, L. 6, Sacral and P. Sacral 5, Caudal 17, The shoulder girdle is rather far forwards, as in Talpa, and from the neck being short, the head is brought near the shoul- der, but not to the marked degree as in the mole. The scapula is short and narrow as in ,Crocidura, but the humerus is relatively very much shorter and stouter than in that 204 MAMMALIA, genus, and approaches in this respect to the humerus of Zudpa. - The external tuberosity is hook-lhke and large, and there is a prominent ridge from the head of the humerus dividing the front of the bene in two, and terminating on its external margin near the middle of the bone. Opposite to this poiat, on the inner border of the bone, is a large, somewhat anteriorly directed process, prolonged downwards from the inner tuberosity of the head of the bone. The lower end of the bone is very broad, and the inner condyle is widely pro- longed. The character of the humerus indicates a burrowing habit of life, which seems probable from the long and nearly straight claws, which have none of the hooked, grasping character of an arboreal mammal. Radius and ulna distinct. © The manubrium is T-shaped with a sharp ridge down its centre. There are five mesosternal pieces. As in Shrews gener- . ally, the clavicle does not articulate with the humerus. Tibia and fibula united. It is evident that its affinities are markedly soricine, but at the same time it shows a few in the direction of Talpa. Length of vertebral column, atlas to last sacral ‘ . in. 3°70 » of caudal vertebra 3 ae oak a ‘ > sp 1357 » ofscapula . 3 i z ‘ . a - 45 043 »» of humerus . ¥ x ’ . + 33 0°38 » of ulna . . : . ‘ * ‘ + 95 O51 » ofmanus . . ‘ : : r if + 5, 0°40 » Of os innominatum . # 3 ‘ . - 55 0°40 » offemur . . : f ‘ ‘ a «5, 045 > Of tibia . 4 3 e i , + 5, 0°60 » Of pes. . ‘i F 7 F fi % - 4, 0°60 249. Soriculus nigrescens. Corsisa nigrescens, Gray, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. x, 1842, p. 261; Hodgson, Cat. B. M., 1846, p. 17; ibid., 2nd ed., 1863, p. 9; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus., 1851, p. 136. Sorex aterrimus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xii (1843), p. 928; ibid., vol, xxiii, 1854, p. 933, note. 2 Z Sorex nigrescens, Gray, Schreber. Saugeth., Suppl. Bd. v, 1855, p. 546, artim). Bian Pete Blyth, Journ. As. Soc., vol. xxiii, 1854, p. 733; ibid., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. 836; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. xvii, p. 24; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Beng., 1863, p. 86; Jerdon, Mamm. of India, 1867, p. 59. ; : Sorex sikkimensis, Hodgson, Ann. §& Mag. Nat. Hist., new series, vol. iii, 1849, p. 203; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus., 1851. p. 1386; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvi, 1855, p. 111; Gray, Cat, Mamm. of Nepaul ; Hodgson, B. M., 1863, p. 8. Crossopus nigrescens, (Gray) Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 232. Hab. Himalaya (Sikkim). Body rather abruptly terminated posteriorly ; snout short, SORICULUS. 205 but sharply pointed, densely haired ; nostrils not deeply di- vided. Ear almost hidden, but rather large and generally bordered with a dense fringe of fur, like that clothing the body. Limbs short. Fore-limb with a very narrow bare area, above the wrist; lower half of tibial portion of hind leg seminude. Feet strong, especially the front pair, which are rather broad, with the toes inwardly bent, with long sharp claws : the 3rd and 4th slightly exceeding the length of their respective toes. Hind feet narrower than the front feet, and with shorter claws. ~ Upper surface of both feet scaly, sparsely clad with short brown hairs. Tail short, equalling the distance from the vent to the shoulder; somewhat tetragonal, scaly, ringed, covered with short brown hairs forming a short pencil at the tip; no long hairs. Fur moderately long, soft, and lustrous. Blackish brown, tinged with rufescent, becoming rich rufous brown in alcohol. Under surface almost con- colorous with the upper surface, but of a pale reddish-brown, with distinct greyish tinge. oa Q Tip of snout to vent . 7 . ‘ A é 3:20 2°20 re Se eye ; < . is F _ 0°54 056 Eyetoear . . - 7 . . . 7 0°45 0-45 Length of ear . : 7 4 . . . 0:25 0°27 Breadth of ear . . - . . "i . 0:30 0°30 Vent to tip of tail . ee ee ee ee ee? a Hind foot . ‘ 0°55 0-53 The incisors are moderately long and curved, the posterior portion well developed and sharply conical. The-second and third incisors, and the canine, have all the same form, but the third incisor is somewhat larger than the second, and the latter larger than the canine, the tips of the canine being on nearly the same level with the point of the posterior portion of the first incisor and with the anterior cusp of the first molar. The minute premolar isin the same line with the other teeth, but wholly excluded from being visible externally. There is occasionally no trace of pigment on the teeth of adults, as it is restricted to the tips of the teeth and dis- appears with their points, $ S Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of pre- makxillaries . si zi ‘ < : : . in, 0-78 in. 0°79 ‘Breadth across maxille . _ , ‘ 2 + yy 027 » 0°30 » posterior to, and above lachrymal canal » a OBS » O21 » anterior to expansion of brain case é + yy O25 » 0°25 » external to tympanic . ‘ . ‘ «95 O47 » 0°48 Length of lower jaw condyle to anterior end of al- veolars P ‘ ‘ 4 js : + gy O45 » 044 » of upper alveolar line. ‘ ‘ a +» 0°40 >, O4L 3» o£lower ~ ,, we ‘ 3 . » » O21 » 020 206 MAMMALIA, 249 atoc. Three stuffed specimens, Nos. 266 A to C, p. 87 of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. 8. Sherwill and W. Theobald, Hsq., 1854-55. d tof. Two adult females and one adolescent male in alco- hol and the skulls of d@ and e, Nos. 260 D to F of Blyth’s Catalogue. Darjeeling. Presented by Major W. S. Sher- will and W. Theobald, Esq., 1854-55. g & hk. Two adult females in alcohol and the skull of g. Darjeeling. Presented by W. 8S. Atkinson, Esq., November, 1869. i. An adult female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 2nd September, 1871. ; Jj § & An adult male and female in alcohol. Darjeeling. Presented by Dr. F. Stolickza, 1871. Z tom. An adult female, an adolescent male, and an adoles- cent female in alcohol. No history. o. Askeleton. No history. 250. Soriculus caudatus. Sorex caudatus, Hodgson, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., new Ser., vol. iii. 1849, p. 203; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. FE. Ind. Co. Mus,, 1851, p, 135 ; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvi, 1855, p. 111; Schreber Sdu- geth. Suppl., Bd. v, 1855, p. 566. Corsira (?) caudata, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xxiv, 1855, p. _ 87; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. xvii, 1856, p. 27. Corsira alpinus, Zomes, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. 17, 1856, p. 27 (partim); Blyth, Cat. Mamm. Mus. As. Soc. Beng, 1865, p. 86 (partim). Corsira alpina, Jerdon, Mamm. Brit. Ind., 1867, p. 61 (partim). Crossopus caudatus, Hodgson, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 232. Soriculus gracilicauda, Anderson, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. xlvi, 1877, p. 282. Hab; Himalaya (Sikkim). Snout rather sharply pointed, but not very long: well haired. Ears moderately large, partially: hidden and well clad with long hairs on their outer surfaces, and along their margins, and tragus, amalgamating with the general fur, so that the ears are not prominent. Limbs slender, the lower half of the ante-brachium, and of the ante-femoral portion of the limb, nearly nude, Fore feet small. Hind feet rather long and slender, with a prominent white tubercle over the distal end of the 5th metatarsal. Feet scaly above, very ‘sparsely covered with brown hairs, fewer on the toes: claws compressed, but little pointed. Tail long and slender, tetra- gonal, tapering to a fine, compressed, pencillated point, very SORICULUS. 207 sli¢htly exceeding the length of the body and head. Tail rather coarsely scaly, ringed, 25 rings to quarter of an inch, sparsely covered with very short dark brown hairs, arising between the rings and with long brownish yellow hairs at the tip, forming a kind of pencil. No long white hairs. Fur long, dense, and soft; the under or hidden parts being deep slaty, the exposed portion being tipped with rufous or golden brown; under parts greyish brown. Feet pale brown. Tip of snout to vent . - . . " . - in 2°46 “4 x» toeye . é . ‘ ” » 9, O42 Eye to ear a ‘ ‘ « i ‘1 «i - 5, 0°30 Hind foot . - ‘ : ‘ - 5 : » gy O54 Vent to top of tail ‘ é * ji + 55 257 The posterior portion of front upper incisor conically pointed, reaching about half-way down the anterior portion: second incisor moderately large and acutely pointed: third incisor slightly larger than the canine, the tip of the latter being level with the point of the small anterior external cusp of the first molar. This shrew was referred to by Blyth as S. alpinus, Schinz, from which, however, it is at once distinguished by the character of its dentition, as it has only 380 teeth, whereas 8, alpinus has 32. I have examined the type of this species in the India Museum. It came from Sikkim. In its rather broad ‘anterior extremities, it approaches C. nigrescens, and the character of its limbs suggests that it is partially of a burrowing habit. 250. An adult male in alcohol and its skull, No. 261B of Blyth’s Catalogue, p. 86. Darjeeling. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 1858.. é. An adult male in alcohol, and the dental portion of its skull. Sikkim. Presented by W. T. Blanford, Esq., 2nd September, 1871, “Type of C. gracilicauda. e & d, Two adults, in alcohol. Mungpu, British Sikkim. Presented by J. L. Lister, Esq. 10th February 1879. Genus CROSSOPUS, Wagler, 1832. 251. Crossopus fodiens. Crossopus fodiens, (Pallas) Blasius, Naturg. der Sdugeth. Deutschlands, 1857, p. 120. ‘Hab. Europe (Nerthern), and Asia (Siberia). 25lq. An adult male in alcohol, No, 263A, p. 87 of Blyth’s 208 MAMMALIA. Catalogue. Norway. Presented by the Christiana University, 1846. 6 & e. Two adults in alcohol. No history. Sus-Famity CROSSOPIN 2. Gznus CHIMARROGALE, Anderson, 1877. 252. Chimarrogale himalaica. Crossopus himalayicus, Gray, Ann, Gg Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. x, Dec. 1842, p. 261; List. Mamm. B. M., 1843, p. 80; Blyth, Journ. As Soc. vol. xxiv (1855), p. 37; Blyth & Tomes, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xvii, 2nd ser., pp. 25 and 26; Jerdon, Mamm. Ind., 1855, p. 563. Sorex himalayicus, Wagner, Schreber. Sdugeth., Suppl., Bd. v, 1855," p. 563. Crocidura himalaica, Gray, Anderson, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1873, p. 231. Chimarrogale himalaica, Anderson, Anat. §& Zool. Resch. and Yunnan Expeditions, 1878, p. 139; pl. 5, figs. 17 to 30. Hab. Himalaya (Sikkim); Yunnan (Ponsee), Body elongated ; snout moderately long and pointed ; broader across the moustachial area in the male than -in the female. Fur soft, dense and velvety, The general colour of the upper parts is dark grey, richly washed with» a dark brown, almost black, fuliginous, or blackish brown, almost -obscuring the grey colour, and the fur generally -has a finely dotted appearance, due to the presence of longer scattered hairs with white tips. When the fur is pulled aside, it is seen to be uni- formly slaty, but all the hairs terminatein fine brown, or blackish longer brown tips, with the exception of scattered, stronger, and longer hairs, which have broad white tips. These hairs are especially numerous on the hind quarters, where they are much longer than on the other parts of the body, and they correspond to the white tipped hairs of Nectogale. Under surface greyish, with a silvery sheen, washed with earthy brown on the throat, and the middle of the belly. Whiskers blackish or even white. Hind feet large, but relatively smaller than in Nectogale : the fore limb is clothed to the wrist : the hind limb, in the lower half of the tibia, is scaly and partially clad with short hairs. The upper surfaces of the feet are naked, with the exception of the metacarpus and metatarsus, which are sparsely covered with short, flattened, stiff, adpressed hairs, almost white. The upper surfaces of the toes are scaly and bare, with the exception. of from one to six broad, stiff, CHIMARROGALE, 209 rather long hairs, at the base of the claws, above. Toes ciliated along each of their sides, with a line of broad stiff hairs of ‘equal length, forming a dense short fringe. The line, along the outer margin of the internal and external toes, is continued along the sides of the feet as a strongly ciliated line, or fringe of white hairs: the claws are yellowish, mo- derately long, and curved. From the vent to the tip of the tail equals the distance from the vent to nearly the eye. Tail long, quadrangular in transverse section: under surface and sides densely covered with longish adpressed, broadish, coarse, rigid hairs of the same character as those on the sides of the toes, and feet, but longer: upper surface in its two upper thirds is only sparsely covered with short strong ciliated hairs not so obscuring the scaly rings as in the lower third, where it is clad much as on the under surface and sides. The hairs on the under surface of the tail are white, and on the sides and upper surface dark brown. The eye is small, almost hidden, and the ear almost com. pletely so by the fur. The ear is a transversely oval slit 0”:26 in length; the lower margin of the lower posterior half of the ear covered with fine microscopic hairs, The portion above the antetragus is covered on its inner surface with ordinary fur, except at a small spot at its upper extremity. in. Length, tip of snout to vent ‘ i m is r « 38s Vent to tip of snout : . . . 5 “ . 3:00 Length of hind foot ste . . : 5 . 087 Measurements of skull, Anterior border of foramen magnum to tip of premaxilla . 090 Breadth across maxilla . é . . . - . 034 a behind preorbital foramen ‘ * * “ . 026 » at posterior end of temporal fossa : . - 028 » at posterior end of upper articular surface from lower jaws " E A . . is - 0°43 » external to tympanic . . c ‘ s + 055 Length of lowerjaw . . . . : . : - 059 Front incisors moderately large and not much curved. The posterior eminence low, and but little pointed. ‘The inter- mediate teeth of nearly equal size, the middle tooth being the largest, and the third the smallest, all being conical. The central external cusp of the first molar is not very strong or long, while its rather obtuse anterior cusp is on a level with the third intermediate tooth. It is closely allied to, if notidentical with, Sorew (Crosopus) platycephalus, Temminck, of Japan. . 210 MAMMALIA. 252. A stuffed specimen in bad condition. Sikkim. Presented by T. Jerdon, Esq., 1866. ; 6. A skin of an adult in alcohol, and its skeleton. Ponsee, Kakhyen Hills, Yonnan, 3,800 feet. Presented by Dr. J. Anderson, 1868. Ist Expedition to Western China, 1868. Skeleton figured, Anat. and Zool. Researches; pl. v, pages 17—30. ce § d. An adult male and female in alcohol. Ryang, British Sikkim, 4,000 feet. Purchased for the Museum by G. King, Esq., B.M., 10th February 1879. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. {Recognised names of genera, species, and varieties are printed in italics; synonyms, in Roman characters.] A. abelit (Simia) 24. abramus (Vespertilio), 129. abramus (Vesperugo), 129. adusta (Pithecia), 86. ; adversus (Vespertilio), 139. zegyptica (Hamadryas), 80. eegyptica (Simia), 80. affinis (Pipistrellus), 128. affinis (Rhinolophus), 109. affinis (Taphozous), 149. affinis (Vesperugo), 128, agilis (Hylobates), 31. agilis (Pithecus), 31. akokumuli (Vesperugo), 131. albifrons (Ateles), 84, albifrons (Lemur), 92. albifrons (Prosimia), 92. albimana (Simia), 29. albimanus (Hylobates), 29. albimanus (Lemur), 93. albinus (Presbytes), 43. albinus (Sorex), 180. albipes (Semnopithecus), 38. alpinus (Amphisorex), 201. alpinus (Corsira), 201, 206. alpinus (Sorea), 201. albulus (Erinaceus), 162. amboinensis (Phyllorhina), 118, 119. amplexicaudata (Cynonycteris), 103. amplexicaudatus (Pteropus), 103. anchises (Presbytes), 35. andamanensis (Macacus), 71. andamanensis (Rhinolophus), 110 andersoni (Vesperugo), 124, andersoni (Vesperus), 124. annectens (Pipistrellus), 132. annectens (Vesperugo), 132. Anthropopithecus, 1. antinorii (Sorex), 201. Anurosorex, 171. Anurosoricine, 171. arctoides (Inuus), 71, 74, arctoides (Macacus), 74. arctoides (Macacus), 76. arctoides (Maimon), 74. arctoides (Pithecus), 74. argentatus (Semnopithecus), 51. armiger (Rhinolophus), 114. albocinereus (Semnopithecus), 51. albogularis (Cercopithecus), 57. albogularis (Semnopithecus), 57. alpina (Corsira), 206. armigera (Phyllorhina), 114, Artibeus, 152. aruensis (Phyllorhina), 118, ascanias (Cercopithecus), 59. 212 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. assamensis (Anurosorer), 171. assamensis (Inuus), 67, 70. assamensis (Macacus), 70. assamensis (Macacus), 62, 71. assamensis (Pachyura), 186. assamensis (Papio), 70. assameysis (Pteropus), 102. Ateles, 83. ater (Ateles), 83. ater (Chiropotes), 86. aterrimus (Sorex), 204. atratus (Nycticejus), 125. atratus (Sorex), 194. atratus (Vesperugo), 125. aurata (Semnopithecus), 53. auratus (Macacus), 62. auratus (Mycetes), 83. auratus (Vespertilio), 142. aureus (Cercocebus), 62. aureus (Inuus), 62. aureus (Macacus), 62. aureus (Pithecus), 62. auritus (Hrinaceus), 162. auritus (Erinaceus), 159, 163. auritus (Plecotus), 123. auritus (Vespertilio), 123. austenianus (Vesperugo), 128. B. babouin (Cynocephalus), 81. barbei (Presbytis), 48. barbei (Semnopithecus), 48. beddomii (Crocidura), 179. belangeri (Cladobates), 154, belangeri (Nycticejus), 134. belangert (Tupaia), 154, belzebuth (Ateles), 84. bengalensis (Nycticebus), 94. bicolor (Phyllorhina), 117. bicolor (Pithecus), 24, bicolor (Rhinolophus), 117. bidiana (Crocidura), 185. blanfordi (Crocidura), 180. blanfordi (Erinaceus), 161. blanfordi (Vespertilio), 143. blanfordi (Vesperugo), 133. blythii (Crocidura), 180. brachysoma (Cynopterus), 106. braziliensis (Nyctinomus), 151. brevicaudatus (Indris), 94. brevicaudus (Taphozous), 147. brevitarsus (Rhinolophus), 111. brookei (Pithecus), 2. brunneus (Lemur), 92. brunneus (Macacus), 75. buku (Semnopithecus), 62. Cc. cerulescens (Crocidura), 171. cerulescens (Sorex), 172, 180. calvus (Troglodytes), 1. candida (Gymnura), 158. cantori (Taphozous), 147. , canus (Nycticejus), 131. capensis (Nycteris), 122, capensis (Rhinolophus), 112. capillamentosa (Pithecia), 86. capucina (Simia), 85. capucinus (Cebus), 85. carhonarius (Macacus), 64. carbonarius (Macacus), 62. carpolegus (Simia), 72. Catarrhini, 1. catta (Prosimia), 90. catta (Lemur), 90. caudata (Corsira), 206. caudatus (Crossopus), 206. caudatus (Sorex), 206. caudatus (Soriculus), 206. Cebide, 82. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Cebus, 84, Centetes, 166. Centetida, 166. cephalopterus (Presbytes), 43, cephalopterus (Semnopithecus), 43. cephalopterus (Semnopithecus), 45. Cercocebus, 59. Cercopithecida, 35. Cercopithecine, 55. Cercopithecus, 55. Cercopithecus, 71. cestonii (Dinops), 150. cestonit (Nyctinomus), 150. -eeylanica (Crocidura), 180. ceylonicus (Simia), 47. Chalinolobus, 133. - Cheiromeles, 150. Chimarrogale, 208. chinensis (Tupaia), 155. Chiroptera, 99. chronomandus (Hylobates), 26. chrysocephala (Pithecia), 86. Chrysochlorida, 167. Chrysochloris, 167. chrysogaster (Semnopithecus), 41. chrysomelas (Semnopithecus), 52. Chrysothriz, 86. chrysurus (Stentor), 83. chuva (Ateles), 84. cineraceus (Hipposideros), 118. cinerea (Wycticebus), 95. cinerea (Presbytes), 51. cinereus (Nycticebus), 94. cinereus (Semnopithecus), 51. cwlophyllus (Rhinolophus), 107. collaris (Cynunycteris), 104. collaris (Erinaceus), 159, 160. _collaris (Hemiechinus), 161. collaris (Lemur), 92. collaris (Pteropus), 104. 218 Colobus, 55. concolor (Hylobates), 31. coromandelianus (Scotophilus), 129, crespuscularis (Nycticejus), 138, cristata (Condylura), 167. cristata (Simia), 50. cristatus (Astromydes), 167. cristatus (Macacus), 62. cristatus (Presbytes), 52. cristatus (Rhinaster), 167. cristatus (Semnopithecus), 50. cristatus (Sorex), 167. Crocidura, 171, 196. Crocidurine, 171. Crossoping, 208. Crossopus, 207. cryptura (Talpa), 168. cucullatus (Presbytis), 45. cucullatus (Semnopithecus), 45. curtus (Pithecus), 2. cuvieri (Simia), 76. eyclotis (Harpiocephalus), 139. _eyclotis (Murina), 139, Cynocephatine, 80. Cynocephalus, 80. cynomolgus (Cercocebus), 62. cynomolgus (Cercopithecus), 62. cynomolgus (Cynocephalus), 62, cynomolgus (Inuus), 62. cynomolgus (Macacus), 61, cynomolgus (Pithecus), 62. cynomolgus (Simia), 62. Cynonycteris, 103. Cynopithecus, 78. Cynopterus, 104. eynosurus (Cercopithecus), 62. D. damarensis (Chrysochloris), 167. dargelingensis (Plecotus), 123. 214 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. dargeliensis (Synotus), 123. dasycneme (Vespertilio), 140. daubent onit (Vespertilio), 140. deformis (Rhinolophus), 117. desertorum (Vespertilio), 141. diadema (Phyllorhina), 116. diadema (Propithecus), 93. diadema (Rhinolophus), 115. diadematus (Cercopithecus), 58. diana (Cercopithecus), 59. diana (Simia), 59. discolor (Vespertilio), 125. discolor (Vesperugo), 125. dobsoni (Vespertilio), 143. doguera (Cynocephalus), 81. doguera (Papio), 81. dussumieri (Semnopithecus), 40. E. ecaudatus (Centetes), 166. ecaudatus (Erinaceus), 166, edulis (Pteropus), 100. edwardsii (Semnopithecus), 47. elliott (Tupaia), 153. emarginatus (Nycticejus), 136. emarginatus (Scotophilus), 136. emarginatus (Vespertilio), 140. Limballonure, 146. Limballonuride, 146, Emballonurine, 146. engythithea (Cercopithecus), 56. engythithea (Chlorocebus), 56, entelloides (Hylobates), 29. entellus (Cercopithecus), 35. entellus (Presbytes), 35. entellus (Semnopithecus), 35. entellus (Semnopithecus), 37, entellus (Simia), 35. Eonycteris, 106. Ericulus, 166. Erinaceide, 158. Erinaceine, 158. EKrinaceus, 158. erythreea (Simia), 67. erythreeus (Inuus), 67. erythraeus (Macacus), 67, 68. erythreus (Maimon), 67. erythreeus (Pithecus), 67. europaeus (Erinaceus), 158. europea (Talpa), 168. euryale (Rhinolophus), 111. euryotis (Rhinolophus), 108. F. fascicularis (Semnopithecus), 62. fascicularis (Simia), 62. faunus (Cercopithecus), 56. Jelinus (Nyctipithecus), 85. Semoralis (Semnopithecus), 52. femoralis (Simia’, 52. ferox (Simia), 66. Serruginea (Tupaia), 156. ferruginea (Tupaia), 154, ferrugineus (Sorex), 180. Serrum-equinun (Rhinolophus), 112. ferrum-equinum (Vespertilio), 111. flavescens (Nycticejus), 134. flavia (Simia), 84. flavimana (Presbytes), 53. flavimanus (Semnopithezus), 53. Jlavus (Cebus), 84. Sodiens (Crossopus), 207. Sormosus (Vespertilio), 142. Srithti (Celops), 119. frontatus (Ateles), 84. frontatus (Eriodis); 84. Suliginosa (Crocidura), 19%. Suliginasus (Cercocebus), 59. fuljginosus (Cercopithecus), 59. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Q15 fuliginosus (Sorex), 197. * fulva (Phyllorhina), 118. ’ fulva (Simia), 67. fulvidus (Scotophilus), 126, Sulvocinerea (Crocidura), 178. fulvocinerea (Crocidura), 172. fulvogriseus (Semnopithecus), 43. fulvus (Cebus), 84. fulvus (Hipposideros), 118. fulvus (Lemur), 92, funereus (Hylobates), 31, fur (Macacus), 62, fusco-ater (Inuus), 77. fusco-ater (Macacus), 77. . G. Galago, 98. galago (Lemur) 98. galago (Otolicnus), 98. Galagonine, 98. . Galeopithecida, 152. Galeopithecus, 152. galerita (Phyllorhina), 116. galeritus (Hipposideros), 116. garnetti (Galago), 98. garnetti (Otogale), 98. garnetti (Otolicnus), 98. garoensis (Eehinolophus), 110. geoffroyt (Ateles), 83. geoffroyi (Galago), 98. giganteus (Mus), 172. gigantica (Simia), 24. gina (Gorilla), 2. glis (Sorex), 156. gorilla (Anthropopithecus), 2. gorilla (Troglodytes), 2. gouldiz (Chalinolobus), 133, gracilicauda (Soriculus), 206. gracilis (Loris), 97. gracilis (Nycticebus), 97. gracilis (Stenops), 97. grayt (Lrinaceus), 160. grayi (Hemiechinus), 161. griffithii (Sorex), 180. griseoviridis (Cercopithecus), 56. guereza (Colobus), 55. Gymnura, 158, gymnura (Viverra), 158. Gymnurinae, 158. H. halonifer (Semnopithecus), 46. hamadryas ( Cynocephalus), 80. hamadryas (Papio), 80. hamadryas (Simia, 80. Hapale, 87. Hapalide, 87. hardwickii (Kerivoula), 145. hardwickii (Vespertilio), 145. harpia (Harpiocephalus), 138. harpia (Vespertilio), 138. Harpiocephalus, 138. hasseltii (Vespertilio), 189. heathii (Nycticejus), 136. heathii (Scotophilus), 136. Hemicentetes, 166. Hesperopterus, 132. heterodon (Sorex), 180. himalaica (Chimarrogale), 208. himalaica (Crocidura), 208. himalayicus (Crossopus), 208. himalayicus (Sorex), 208. hipposideros (Noctilio), 111. hipposidercs (Rhinolophus), 111. hodgsoni (Sorex), 194, . holosericea (Chrysochloris), 167. holotephreus (Semnopithecus), 50. Hominida, 1. Homo, 1. hoolock (Hylobates), 26. 216 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. hoolock (Simia), 26. horsfieldi (3legaderma), 121. hottentotta (Chrysochloris), 167. houlock (Hylobates), 26. hulok (Hylobates), 26. hybridus (Ateles), 84. Hylobates, 25. . Hylobatinag, 25. Hylomyine, 157. Hylomys, 157. hypoleuca (Simia), 85. hypoleucus (Cebus), 85. hypoleucus (Semnopithecus), 40. I. imbricatus (Vespertilio), 127, 129. imbricatus (Vesperugo), 127. indica (Pacbyura), 172. indicus (Erinaceus), 159. indicus (Sorex), 172. Indris, 94. Indrisina, 93. inornatus (Gymnopyga), 76. inornatus (Macacus), 76. Insectivora, 152. insignis (Nyctinomus), 105. insignis (Rhinolophus), 117. J. gacchus (Hapale), 87. jacchus (Simia), 87. javanica (Nycteris), 122. javanica (Nycticebus), 97. javanica (Tupaia), 156. javanicus (Nycteris), 122. javanicus (Nyeticebus), 94. jerdont (Erinaceus), 165. johnii (Cercopithecus), 45. johnii (Presbytis), 40. johnit (Semnopithecus), 45. johnii (Semnopithecus), 40. johorensis (Molossus), 151. johorensis (Nyctinomus), 151. jubatus (Presbytis), 45. jubatus (Semnopithecus), 45. K. hachhensis (Taphozous), 148. kandianus (Sorex), 180. kelaarti (Crocidura), 200, kelaarti (Semnopithecus), 43. kelaarti (Sorex), 200. _ kephalopterus (Cercopithecus), 43. keraudrenii (Pteropus), 103. Kerivoula, 144. kingiana (Crocidura), 196. kooloo-kamba (Troglodytes), 1. kra (Semnopithecus), 62. kuhlii (Scotophilus), 133. kublii (Vespertilio), 131. kuhlit (Vesperugo,) 131. L. lagaros (Satyrus), 1. lalandi (Cercopithecus), 55. laniger (Mycetes), 83. lanosa (Kerivoula), 145. lar (Homo), 28. lar (Hylobates), 28. lar (Pithecus), 28. lar (Simia), 26, 28, 31. larvata (Phyllorhina), 117. larvatus (Cercopithecus), 54, larvatus (Nasalis), 54. larvatus (Rhinolophus), 117. larvatus (Rhynchopithecus), 55 larvatus (Semnopithecus), 54. leisleri (Vespertilio), 127. leisleri (Vesperugo), 127. Lemur, 90. Lemuride, 90. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Q17 Lemurine, 90. leonina (Simia), 66. leoninus (Inuus), 71. leoninus (Macacus), 71. leoninus (Macacus), 70. lepidus (Pipistrellus), 141. lepidus (Vespertiliv), 141. leptophylla (Phyllorhina), 114, leucampyx (Cercopithecus), 58. leucampyx (Simia), 58. leucisea (Simia), 33. leuciscus (Hylobates), 33. leuciscus (Hylobates), 29. leuciscus (Pithecus), 33. leucocephala (Pithecia), 86. leucodon (Sorex), 201. leucogenys (Hylobates), 34, leucomystax (Lemur), 91. leucomystax (Semnopithecus), 46. Leuconoé, 139. __leucoprymnus (Cercopithecus), 43. leucoprymnus (Troglodytes), 1. leucopus (Hapaile), 89. leucotis (Vesperugo), 131. leucura (Talpa), 170. lobatus (Scotophilus), 132. longicaudata (Condylura), 167. longicaudata (Talpa), 167. longimana (Simia), 28. longimanus (Taphozous), 147. longipes (Vespertilio), 139. -Loris, 97. luctus (Rhinolophus), 107. luteus (Nycticejus), 133, 134, lyra (Megaderma), 120. Lyroderma, 120. M. macaco (Lemur), 91. macaco (Lemur), 91. Macacus, 59. macracanthus (Erinaceus), 164. macracanthus (Hrinaceus), 162. Macroglossi, 106. Macroglossus, 107. macropus (Vespertilio), 139. macrotis (Crocidura), 186. macrotis (Ehinolophus), 109. macroura (Condylura), 167. macrurus (Galeopithecus), 153. madagascariensis (Erinaceus), 166. madagascariensis (Hemicentetes), 166. maimon (Cynocephalus), 82. maimon (Mormon), 82. maimon (Papio), 82. maimon (Simia), 82. matlaccana (Tupaia), 156. malaiana (Nycticebus), 95. malayanus (Cynocephalus), 78. Mammalia, 1. marginatus (Cynopterus), 104, marginatus (Pieropus), 104. masont (Phyllorhina), 115. maura (Prebytes), 47. maura (Simia), 47, 52. maurus (Cercopithecus), 47. maurus (Inuus), 76. maurus (Macacus), 76. maurus (Macacus), 74, 78. maurus (Magus), 76. maurus (Presbytes), 47. maurus (Semnopithecus), 47. maurus (Semnopithecus), 48. maurus (Vesperugo), 127. medius ( Pteropus), 101. Megachiroptera, 99, Megaderma, 120. Megadermine, 120, 218 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. megalotis (Evinaceus), 163. melalophus (Presbytes), 53. melalophus (Semnopithecus), 53. melanocephala (Prosimia), 92. melanochir (Ateles), 83, 84, melanodon (Sorex), 186. . _ melanopogon (Taphozous), 146. melanopus (Presbytes), 52. melanotus (Macacus), 75, 76. melanotus (Papio), 74, Microchiroptera, 107. micronyx (Pachyura), 194. micronyx (Sorex), 194. microphyllum (Rhinopoma), 149. micr: pus (Erinaceus), 159. micropus (Erinaceus), 159. micropus (Hemiechinus), 159. micrura (Talpa), 168 minimus (Macroglossus), 107. minimus (Pteropus), 107. Miniopteri, 145. Miniopterus, 145, minor (Cynonycteris), 104. minor (Rhinolophus), 110. minor (Rhinolophus), 111. mitratus (Rhinolophus), 108. mitratus (Semnopithecus), 50. Molossi, 150. Molossine, 150. mona (Cercopithecus), 57. mona (Simia), 57. mongoz (Lemur), 93. monoides (Cercopithecus), 57. montana (Crocidura), 193. montanus (Sorex), 193. montivagus Vespertilio, 142. morio (Simia), 2, mormon (Papio), 82. miilleri (Hylobates), 31. muricola (Vespertilio), 142. murina (Crocidura), 180. murina (Crocidura), 192. murinoides (Vespertilio), 141. murinus (Hipposideros), 118. murinus (Sorex), 172, 180, 184. murinus (Vespertilio), 141. murraiana (Phyllorhina), 113. Mycetes, 82. myoides (Crocidura), 200. myoides (Sorex), 200 myosurus (Sorex), 172, 180. mystacinus (Vespertilio), 144. N. Nasalis, 54. nasalis (Simia), 55. nasica (Simia), 55. nasicus (Cercopithecus), 54, 55. nasicus (Nasalis), 55. nasicus (Semnopithecus), 55. nasutus (Vesperugo), 125. nathusii (Vesperugo), 129. natterert (Vespertilio), 141. nemestrina (Papio), 72. nemestriva (Simia), 72. nemestrinus (Cynocephalus), 72. nemestrinus (Inuus), 72, 73. nemestrinus (Macacus), 72. nemestrinus (Macacus), 71. nemestrinus (Pithecus), 72, 73. nemestrinus (Rhesus), 73. nepalensis (Semnopithecus), 37. nestor (Semnopithecus), 43, nicobarensis (Phyllorhina), 115. nicobarica (Tupaia), 157. nicobaricus (Cladobates), 157. nicobarieus (Pteropus), 102. niger (Cynocephalus), 76, 78. niger (Cynopithecus), 78. niger (Hylobates), 26. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. niger (Inuus), 78. niger (Lemur), 91. niger (Macacus), 78. niger (Maimon), 78. niger (Papio), 78. niger (Sorex), 180. niger (Troglodytes), 1. nigra (Varecia), 91. nigrescens (Corsira), 204. nigrescens (Crossopus), 204. nigrescens (Ericulus), 166, nigrescens (Sorex), 204. — nigrescens (Soriculus), 204. nigrifrons (Lemur), 92. nigrifrons (Lemur), 92, 93. nigrimanus (Semnopithecus), 51. nilgirica (Crocidura), 188. nipalensis (Vespertilio), 140. nitidofulva (Crocidura), 186. nobilis (Presbytes), 53. nobilis (Semnopithecus), 53. noctula (Vespertilio), 126. noctula (Vesperugo), 126. nocturna (Pithecia), 86. nudipes (Pachyura), 186, nudipes (Sorex), 186. nudiventris (Erinaceus), 159. nudiventris (Taphozous), 148. Nycteride, 120. Nyctering, 122. Wycteris, 122. Nycticebidia, 94. Nycticebina, 94. Wycticebus, 94, Nycticejus, 138. Nyctinomus, 150. Nyctipithecus, 85. Nyctophilus, 122. : O. obscura (Presbytes), 46. obscurus (Semnopithecus), 46. ochreatus (Macacus), 77. ochreatus (Papio), 77. ochrocephala (Pithecia), 86. ocreatus (Macacus), 77. adipus (Hapale), 88. cedipus (Jacchus), 89, cedipus (Midas), 89. cedipus (Simia), 89. oinops (Macacus), 67. ornatus (Ateles), 84. ornatus (Nycticejus), 137. ornatus (Scotophilus), 137. owenii (Pithecus), 2. P. pachyotis (Vesperugo), 126. pachyotis (Vesperus), 126. pachypus (Vespertilio), 126, pachypus (Vesperugo), 126. Pachyura, 171. palliatus (Mycetes), 83. pallida (Kerivoula), 142. pallidus (Cebus), 84, pallidus (Scotophilus), 137. pallipes (Semnopithecus), 38. palpebrosus (Inuus), 62, palpebrosus (Macacus), 62. pan (Simia), 1. paniscus (Ateles), 83. paniscus (Simia), 83. patas (Simia), 58. pealana (Crocidura), 180. pearsonit (Rhinolophus), 109. peguana (Tupaia), 154, peguensis (Hylomys), 157. pelops (Inuus), 70. pelops (Macacus), 70. pelops (Pithex), 70. penicillata (Hapale), 88, 219 220 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. penicillatus (Jacchus), 88. perforatus (Taphozous), 148. perrottetit (Crocidura), 188. perrottetii (Sorex), 188, 194. persicus (Triaenops), 112. perspicillatus (Artibeus), 152. petaurista (Cercopithecus), 58. petaurista (Simia), 58, petersii (Ehinolophus), 110. peyrottetii (Sorex), 186. phayrei (Presbytis), 49. c phayrei (Semnopithecus), 49. philippensis (Macacus), 62. philippensis (Pithecus), 62. Phyllorhina, 113. Phyllorhinine, 112. Phyllostomide, 152. Phyllostomina, 152. picta (Kerivoula), 144. pictum (Vespertilio), 144. pictus (Hrinaceus), 159. pictus (Hemiechinus), 159. pileata (Simia), 61. pileatus (Hylobates), 31. pileatus (Inuus), 61. pileatus (Macacus), 61. pileatus (Pithecus), 61. pileatus (Presbytis), 41. pileatus (Semnopithecus), 40: pipistrellus (Vespertilio), 128. pipistrellus (Vesperugo), 128. pithecia (Simia), 86. Pithecia, 86. pitnex (Macacus), 67. Platyrrhini, 82. Plecoti, 122. Plecotus, 123. plicatus (Nyetinomus), 151. plicatus (Vespertilio), 151. pluto (Cercopithecus), 58, pogonias (Pithecia), 86. poliocephalus (Pteropus), 99. porcaria (Simia), 81. porcarius (Cynocephalus), 81. porearius (Cynocephalus), 81. porcarius (Papio), 81. potenziani (Semnopithecus), 41. prasinata (Condylura), 167. priam (Semnopithecus), 38. priamus (Presbytis), 38. priamus (Semnopithecus), 38. Primates, 1. problematicus (Macacus), 70. Prepithecus, 93. Prosimia, 90. pruinosus (Semnopithecus), 50. Pteropi, 99. Pieropodide, 99. Pteropus, 99. pumiloides (Scotophilus), 129. pusillus (Miniopterus), 146. pygerythrus (Cercopithecus), 55. pygerythrus (Chlorocebus), 56. pygerythrus (Simia), 55. ’ pygmzxa (Cebuella), 88. pygmea (Hapale), 88. pygmeoides (Crocidura), 194. pygmeus (Jacchus), 88. pygmaeus (Sorex), 201. pygmeus (Sorex), 194. pyrrhus (Presbytes), 47. pyrrhus (Semnopithecus), 47. R. radiatus (Cercocebus), 59, 60.* radiatus (Cercopithecus), 60. radiatus (Inuus), 60. radiatus (Macacus), 60. | radiatus (Pithecus), 59. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. rafflei (Hylobates), 31. rafflesii (Echinosorex), 158. rafflesit (Gymnura), 158. rafflesii (Hylobates), 31. recurvus (Nasalis), 55. retusa (Crocidura), 199. rheso-similis (Macacus), 70. rhesus (Inuus), 67, 70. rhesus (Macacus), 67. rhesus (Papio), 67. rhesus (Pithecus), 68. . rhesus (Simia), 67. Rhinaster, 167. Rhinolophide, 107. Rhinolophine, 107. Rhinolophus, 107, 112. Bhinopoma, 149. Rhinopomata, 149. rodricensis (Pteropus), 100: rosalia (Hapale), 88. rosalia (Lecontopithecus), 88. rosalia (Midas), 88. rosalia (Simia), 88. ruber (Cercopithecus), 58. ruber (Chlorocebus), 58. ruber (Lemur), 91. rubicunda (Crocidura), 190. rubra, (Simia), 58, rubra (Varecia), 91. rubricosa (Crocidura), 196. rufibarbata (Pithecia), 86. _ rufiventer (Pithecia), 86. rufus (Galeopithecus), 153. riippellii (Guereza), 55. rutilans (Chrysochloris), 167. rutledgii (Semnopithecus), 51. 8. sabsea (Simia), 56. abeus (Cercopithecus), 56. saccolemus (Taphozous), 149. satanas (Cebus), 86, satanas (Pithecia), 86. satyrus (Pithecus), 2, 24, satyrus (Simia), 2. savagei (Troglodytes), 2. scherzeri (Cynopterus), 106. scherzeri (Pachysoma), 106, schistaceus (Presbytis), 37. schistaceus (Semnopithecus), 37. schreibersii (Miniopterus), 145, 146. schreibersii (Vespertilio), 145. . sceiurea (Chrysothriz), 86. sciurea (Simia), 86, sciureus (Callithrix), 86. sciureus (Chrysothrix), 86. Scoteinus, 136. Scotemanus, 137. Scotophilus, 133. scyritus (Hylobates), 26. semispinosus (Ericius), 166. Semnopithecine, 35. Semnopithecus, 35. senegalensis (Galago), 98. senex (Cercopithecus), 43. senex (Semnopithecus), 45. seniculus (Mycetes), 82. seniculus (Simia), 82.. seniculus (Stentor), 82. serotinus (Vespertilio), 124, serotinus (Vesperugo), 124. serpentarius (Sorex), 180. setosus (Hriculus), 166. setosus (Erinaceus), 166. shiraziensis (Hesperus), 124, siamensis (Semnopithecus), 61. sikkimensis (Sorex), 204. silenus (Cercopithecus), 66. silenus (Inuus), 66, 67. silenus (Macacus), 66. 221 222 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. silenus (Maimon), 66. silenus (Papio), 66. silenus (Pitheecus), 66. silenus (Simia), 66. Simia, 2. simia-sciurus (Lemur), 92. Sinisa, 1s Simiine, 1. sindensis (Crocidura), 179. sindensis (Crocidura), 172. sinensis (Cynocephalus), 59. sinica (Simia), 59, 60. sinicus (Cercocebus), 61. sinicus (Cercopithecus), 59, 61. sinicus (Inuus), 60, 61. sinicus (Macacus), 59. sinicus (Macacus), 61. sinicus (Pithecus), 60, 61. soccatus (Sorex), 180. sonneratii (Sorex), 172. Sorex, 201. Soricide, 171. Soricine, 201. Soriculus, 202. spasma (Megaderma), 121. spasma (Vespertilio), 121. spatangus (Erinaceus), 161. spatangus (Hemiechinus), 161. speciosus (Cynopithecus), 74. speciosus (Inui), 75. speciosus (Macacus), 74. spectrum (Lemur), 99. spectrum (Tarsius), 99. spelea (Eonycteris), 106. spelzeus (Macroglossus), 106. speoris (Phyllorhina), 116. speoris (Vespertilio), 116. sphingiola (Simia), 81. spinosus (Hriculus), 166. Stenodermata, 152. stoliczkana (Asillia), 114. stoliczkana (Crocidura), 185 stoliczkana (Phyllorhina), 1i4. stramineus (Mycetes), 83. subfulva (Crocidura), 192. suillus (Harpiocephalus), 138. sumatranus (Semnopithecus), 52, 53. swinhoet (Crocidura), 184. swinhoei (Sorex), 184, syndactyla (Siamonga), 25. syndactylus (Hylobates), 25. syndactylus (Pithecus), 25. syndactylus (Simia), 25. Synotus, 123. Talpa, 168. Talpide, 167. tana (Tupaia), 157. Taphonycteris, 148. Taphozous, 146. tardigradus (Lemur), 94. tardigradus (Nycticebus), 94. tardigradus (Stenops), 94. Tarsiide, 99. Tarsiine, 99. Tarsius, 99. temminckii (Galeopithecns), 153. temminckii (Scotophilus), 133. temminckii (Vespertilio), 133. tenuis (Nyctinomus), 151. ternatensis (Galeopithecus), 153. tetragonurus (Sorex), 201. thebaica (Nycteris), 122, theobaldi (Taphozous), 147. thersites (Presbytis), 38. thoth (Cynocephalus), 80. tibetanus (Macacus), 75. tickelli (Nycticejus), 132. tickelli (Vesperugo), 132. ALPHABETICAL INDEX. tumoriensis (Nyctophilus), 122. titi (dipus), 89. torquatus (Chetromeles), 150. tragatus (Nyctinomus), 150. tragatus (Rhinolophus), 111. travancorensis (Crocidura), 189, Trienops, 112. trianguligera (Ateles), 84, tricuspidata (Phyllorhina), 118. tricuspidatus (Rhinolophus), 113. tridens (Phyllorhina), 113. trifoliatus (Rhinolophus), 108. troglodytes (Anthropopithecus), 1. troglodytes (Mimetes), 1. troglodytes (Simia), 1. tschego (Troglodytes), 1. Tupaia, 153. Tupaiide, 153. Tupaiine, 153. tytleri (Sorex), 172, U. undatus (Galeopithecus), 153. unko (Hylobates), 31. ursina (Simia), 82. ursinus (Cynocephalus), 81. ursinus (Macacus), 74. ursinus (Mycetes , 82. ursinus (Presbytis), 43. ursinus (Semnopithicus), 44, ursinus (Semnopithecus), 43. ursinus (Stentor), 82. ursula (Hapale), 89. ursula (Saguinus), 90, ursulus (Jacchus), 90. ursulus (Midas), 90 V. varia (Varecia), 91. variegatus (Ateles), 84. variegatus (Galeopithecus), 153, variegatus (Hylobates), 29, 31. variegatus (Pithecus), 29. variegatus (Simia), 29, varius (Lemur), 91. varius (Pithecus), 28. vellerosus (Troglodytes), 1. Vespertilio, 139, 140, Vespertiliones, 124. Vespertilionida, 122. Vesperugo, 124, 126. Vesperus, 124, . veter. (Cercopithecus), 66. veter (Silenus), 66. veter (Simia), 43, 66 vetulus (Cercopithecus), 66. viridescens (Sorex), 180. volans (Galeopithecus), 152. volans (Lemur), 152. vulgaris (Erinaceus), 158. vulgaris (Jacchus), 87, 88. vulgaris (Rhinolophus), 117. vulgaris (Sorex), 201. Ww. waldemarii (Crocidura), 172. wurmbil (Papio), 2. wurmbii (Simia), 2. x. xanthomystax (Prosimia), 92. Government Central .Press,—No, 20 I. M.~1 8-4-82,—400, 228 ERRATA. Page 45,—For Hiniger affenarten, read Beschreibung einiger Affenarten, ” 99, lines 3 and 4, for Tarside and Tarsine, read respectively Tarsiide and Tarsiine. 119, after line 38, insert Genus Coelops, Blyth, 1849. 123, lines 4, 5 and 6, for darjelinensis, read darjelingensis. 123, line 37, for Melherbe, read Malherbe. 140, lines 6 and 7, for dascyneme, read dasycneme. 157, line 19, for Hylomine, read Hylomyine. 159, line 4, for 1881, read 1880. 176, line 38, omit one an. 184, line 14, for Blandford, read Blanford. 201, lines 17, 25, and 28, for Melherbe read Malherbe. 204, line 31, for Corsisa, read Corsira. CATALOGUE OF MAMMALIA IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA. a vr et BY W. L: SCLATER, M.A., F.ZS., DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. Part II. Rodentia, Ungulata, Proboscidea, Hyracoidea, Carnivora, Cetacea, Sirenia, Marsupialia, Monotremata. CALCUTTA: PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. 1891. Price: Three Rupees. CALCUTTA : GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CENTRAL PRINTING OFFIC, 8, HASTINGS STREET. INTRODUCTION. Dr. Anderson, the late Superintendent, who was the author of the first part of the Catalogue of the Mammalia, wiich was published in 1881, was never able to complete the work; the second half is therefore issued after a con- siderable number of years’ delay. It has been thought desirable to alter the form of the Catalogue somewhat from that of the first part, in which very nearly each specimen was separately described, some- times at greater, sometimes at lesser, length. This course seemed to unduly swell the bulk of the work; it was there- fore decided to approximate the form of the Catalogue somewhat more to those of the British Museum without full descriptions of each species, but with such remarks as might be thought necessary to assist the identification of the purely Indian species. A key of Genera and Species has been added, and all the Indian species, whether the Museum contains examples of them or not, are included in the Catalogue. The synonymy has not been worked out quite complete- ly, but all the more important references, especially those found in Indian works, are given, and every reference, except those asterisked, has been carefully verified. The total number of species included in the Catalogue amounts to 590, of which 276 are found within the Indian Empire and 314 are exotic. These 590 species are repre- sented by 4,872 specimens, of which 1,330 belonged to the old Asiatic Society’s collection and are to be found mentioned in Mr. Blyth’s Catalogue, published in 1863, and the remaining 3,542 specimens have been added since that time. Following the introduction will be found a separate list of the type specimens possessed by the Museum, which number 55, and also a list of Donors and Contributors, both before and since the year 1863. LIST OF DONORS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA, MENTIONED IN THIS CATALOGUE. A Abbott, Major T. R. Aberdeen University. Adamson, Major C. H. E. Adelaide Museum. Agabeg, A. Agra Museum. Aitchison, Dr. J. E. T. Alston, Edward R. Anderson, A. A. Anderson, Dr. John Armstrong, Surgn.-maj. J. Athaness, J. J. B Baker, Rev. F. Ball, Professor Vincent Barbe, Rev. J. Barcklay, J. F. Barclay, Surgn.-maj. A. Baring, Sir Evelyn Barlow, J. H. Barlow, Sir J. Barrackpore Menagerie. Bartlett, A. D. Batavian Society. Beavan, Lieut. R. C. Beddome, Lt.-Col. R. H. Belletty, N. Bellew, Dr. Bengal Economic Museum. Bengaugh, Capt. Bennett, H. W. Benson, Mr. Berdmore, Major Berlin Museum. Biddulph, Col. J. Bidie, G. Blanford, W. T. Blyth, Edward Bonnavia, Capt. Bonnevie, C. S. Bonynge, F. Bourne, Lieut. J. H. Bowers, Capt. Brisbane Museum. British Museum. Brodie, Major Brougham, Dr, Brownlow, T. Buckland, F. Burdwan, Maharaja of Burns, Sir A. Bushby, G. A. Butler, Capt, T. Cc Cadell, Col. T. Cameron, Dr. L. Campbell, Dr. A. Campbell, J. A. Canning, Lord Carllyle, A. C. Charling, Capt. Charlton, Capt. A. Chennell, A. W. Christiania University, Clark, H. Clay, A. L. Cock, C. R. Cockburn, John vi Columbo Museum. | Fitzgerald, Rev F. Comber, Capt. H. R. | Ford, Major Consort, H. R. H. the Prince Fraser, A. J. Cooke, Capt. | Fraser, O. L. Copenhagen Museum. _ Frith, R. W. G. Cornish Institution. Fytche, General Cracroft, W. Croft, Sir A. W. G Galaffle, J. D Snioek A. Dalton, Col. E. T. Garnier, Dr. J. H. Daly, William M. Garrett, C. B. Darling, W. A. Gervais, Prof. Darwin, C. Giles, Surgn. G. M. Davis, J. Godfrey, Capt. Davison, W. Godwin-Austen, Lt.-Col. H.H. Day, Dr. Francis Gould, H. D’Cruz, R. Grace, J. Deveria, J. Graham, Col. Dey, Babu M. Griesbach, L. C. Dobson, G. E. Griffith, W. Doucett, T. R. Grote, A. Dreyer, C. H. Gurney, J. H. Duff, Major Guthrie, Col. C. S, Dundee Museum. Dutt, Babu Udaychand H Duvancel, A. Hamilton, J. Hand, J. E Harri, Safi Earle, W. Haughton, Lt.-Col. H.L. Eden, Sir Ashley Henderson, Dr. George Elias, Ney Henry, E. R. Elliot, Sir Walter Hervey, C. Ellis, R. S. Higgins, E. Ellis, The Hon. Charles Hinder, J. Elwes, H. J. Hodge, Capt. W. Eyton, C. T. Hodgson, Brian H. Hollings, C. F Holquette, S. F. Hone, R. Fairweather, Capt, J. Homfray, J. Falconer, Dr. H. Homfray, P. Farquhar, Major W. Hood, Capt. I. H. Fayrer, Sir Joseph Horne, C. Ferguson, H. S. Horsfield, Thomas Finch, Geoffroy Huffnagle, C. Hungarian Museum. Hunter, Sir W. W. Hutton, Capt. Thomas I india Museum, London. Irving, Capt. W. J Jackson, Dr. A. R. Jamrach, William Jarbo, J. T. Jardine, Sir William Jenkins, Col. F. Jerdon, Dr. T. C. Johnston, Col, Johnston, T. Johnstone, Capt. Jones, E. J. K Karachi Museum. Kelaart, Dr. E. F. King, Dr. George King, Mrs. Wilham Kinloch, Genl. A. A. A. Kirtland, Mr. Knight, J. Kuch Behar, Maharajah of L Lahore Museum. Laidlay, J. W. LaTouche, T. D. Layard, E. L. Lee, ). Bridges . Lewis, Capt. Harold Lindstedt, E. Lindstedt, Rev, F. J. Lister, J. M. Lloyd, C. G. T. Lloyd, Miss Lockhart, Col. Sir W. S. A. Lovett, Col. Beresford Lucknow Museum. vii Lumsden, Capt. Lushington, G. ‘I. Lydekker, R. M MacCosh, Dr. Maddock, Sir T. EH. Madras Museum. Maingay, Dr. Mainwaring, Genl. B. Malherbe, Alfred Mallet, F. R. Man, E. H. Mandelli, L. Masson, W. G. Masters, A. Mayo, Earl of 7 McClelland, John McGowan, Rev. Dr. Medical College Museam. Medlicott, H. B. Melbourne Museum. Meurant, Col. Michell, Capt. Milman, Mr. Moller, F. A. Montrose Museum. Morgan, J. Mostyn, Clark H. Moxon, G W. Mullick, Rajah Rajendra Mullins, L. C. Munro, J. Murray, J. A. N Netherlands, Prince Henry of the Nevill, G. New York Museum. Nicholetts, A. M. Norman, Hon, Justice Oo Ogle, M. J. Oldham, R. D. O'Reilly, E. Oude, King of. Ouseley, Major. Owen, J. Oxford Museum. P Paris Museum. ~ Parker, J. C. Paterson, Capt. Peal, S, E. Pearson, J. T. Pemberton, Dr. People’s Park, Madras. Peppé, J. C. Phayre, Sir Arthur P. Philips, H. Phipson, H. M. Pierre, H. P. Pollock, Major F. T. Pritchard, Dr. R Raffles, Sir Stamford Rich, J. G. Roepstorff, F. A. de Rogerson, W. _ Rollo, Capt. Roger Ross, J Roy, Babu H, M. Ruppell, Dr. E. Rutledge, William Ryan, E. B. S) Sanders, Surgn.-maj. R. C. Sanderson, G. P. Sanyal, Babu R. B. Saxon, Mrs. Scholefield, Capt, Schwendler, Louis Scone, Dr. Scott, Dr. David Scully, Surgn.-maj. John Shaw, Babu Pran Kissen vill Shaw, W. B. Shawe, T. Shepperd, W. W. Sherwill, Major W. S. Shillingford, Alexander Shillingford, G. W. Shillingford, J. Shillingford, J. L. - Shopland, E. R. Simmons, J. F. Simson, F.B. Sinha, Genl. Bhina ’ Skipwith, T. Sladen, Sir Percy Smith, Dr. Boser Smith, E. F. Smith, W. M. Smyth, Capt. E. Sparkes, Major T. P. Speke, Capt. J. H. Stalkart, W. Stewart, Dr. Stewart, L. C. St. John, Sir Oliver, B. C, Stockholm Museum. Stoliczka, Dr. Ferdinand Stone, S. J. Storr, M. de Strackey, Genl. Richard Strickland, H. E. Struthers, J. Swinhoe, Robert Sydney Institution. Sykes, Lt.-Col. W. H. T Taylor, W. C. Templeton, Dr. R. Theobald, W. Thomas, Capt. J. N. Thorburn, Dr. Tickell, Major S. R. Tonnerre, Dr. Turnbull, Major Turnbull, Mr. Turner, A. W. Tweedale, Marquis of Tytler, Lt.-Col. R. C. Vv Vidal, G. W. Vierre, H. P. W Wakefield, G. E. Waller, Dr. Wallich, Dr. Nathaniel Ward, H. A. Waterhouse, Col. J. Watson, E. A. Weekes, A. Westmacott, E. V. Whitwell, W. Wicks, G. H. Williams, Dr. C. Williamson, Capt. Wilson, F. Wombell’s Menagerie. Wood-Mason, James Y Yate, Major C. E. Young, Dr. Zz Zoological Gardens. SYSTEMATIC INDEX ANI) SUMMARY OF SPECIES AND SPECIMENS. NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, Asiatic | Indian Page. Soc. | Mus. | Total, Coll. Coll. Order RODENTIA. Sub-order SIMPLICIDENTATA., Division SCIURIMORPHA. Family Scrurip&. 1 Sciurus bicolor 10 17 27 7 2 Sciurus gigantess. 3 39 42 8 3 Sciurus indicus 8 19 27 to 4 Sciurus macrourus ° 3 12 I 5 Sciurus pygerythrus 4 14 18 11 6 Sciurus blanfordi 1 t 2 12 7 Sciurus phayrei 4 I 5 12 8 Sciurus griseimanus fe) 2 2 12 Q Sciurus caniceps . 6 29 35 13 to Sciurus atrodorsalis 5 47 52 15 y£ Sciurus erythrzus 5 45 50 15 12 Sciurus castaneoventris 2 ° 2 17 13 Sciurus sladeni 2 3 5 18 14 Sciurus hippurus 2 1 3 18 15 Sciurus lokroides 1 66 77 18 16 Sciurus chinensis fe) 1 1 19 17 Sciurus tenuis 1 2 3 20 18 Sciurus lokriah 5 10 15 20 19 Sciurus rufigenis co) ° ° 20 20 Sciurus alstoni to) I 1 21 21 Sciurus melanotis ° I 1 21 22 Sciurus quinquestria‘us ° 4 4 at 23 Sciurus ferrugineus 5 5 Io 22 24 Sciurus germani . Co) I I 22 25 Sciurus badging . 7 9 16 23 26 Sciurus prevostii 3 7 10 23 27 Sciurus palmarum 3 11 14 24 28 Sciurus tristiatus 8 13 21 25 29 Sciurus sublineatus 3 oO 3 20 30 Sciurus layardi I ° I 20 31 Sciurus berdmorei 3 2 5 26 32 Scivrus macclellandi 4 37 41 27 33 Sciurus insignis ° I I 28 xii INDEX. 34 35 36 68 69 qo 71 Family Scrurip“—contd. Sciurus vulgaris . Sciurus fulvus. z Sciurus carolinensis Sciurus niger e Sciurus hudsonius Sciurus annulatus Rhinosciurus laticaudatus Tamias striatus Xerus rutilus Xerus erythropus Xerus capensis Pteromys oral 5 Pteromys cineraceus . Pteromys alborufus Pteromys yunnanensis . Pteromys magnificus Pteromys albiventer Pteromys caniceps Pteromys nitidus Sciuropterus fimbriatus Sciuropterus alboniger . Sciuropterus pearsoni . Sciuropterus fuscocapillus Sciuropterus sagitta Sciuropterus spadaceus Sciuropterus volucelia . Eupetaurus cineraceus . Arctomys himalayanus. . Arctomys hodgsoni Arctomys caudatus Arctomys aureus . . Arctomys dichrous Arctomys marmota Arctomys monax Family Castoripa, Castor fiber . . Division MYOMORPHA, Family Myoxipa, Myoxus pictus : Myoxus glis 2 ; Muscardinus avellenariu NumeBer oF SPECIMENS, Asiatic Soc. Coll, Indian Mus, Coll. Total. Page, COM OHM HNOOWROUNDH NHN HRORNHNHOOOHOH OH OR =~ oO VHH AGORA YD HODOABDIOAYO AUD DOLOWOHOHQHH Hor - - Behe RRO NHN DAH BH _ ~ NKWOAINANHNHMAA OW O ON QOoONA 45 45 INDEX. xii Family Muripa&. 72 Hydromys chrysogaster 73 Hydromys fulvolarvatus 74 Hydromys leucogaster 75 Platacanthomys lasiurus 76 Gerbillus indicus, 977 Gerbillus cuvieri . 78 Gerbillus persicus 79 Gerbillus erythrurus 80 Gerbillus meridianus 81 Gerbillus hurrianz 82 Gerbillus nanus 83 Gerbillus gleadowi ‘ 84 Gerbillus swinhoei : ‘ ‘ 85 Gerbillus pyramidarum , ‘i 86 Gerbillus obesus . ; ‘ 87 Isomys variegatus 88 Nesokia hardwickii 3 89 Nesokia scullyi 90 Nesokia bengalensis gt Nesokia kok : 92 Nesokia bandicota 93 Nesokia nemorivagus . 94 Nesokia sp? 95 Mus decumanus . : 96 Mus bowersii - . . : 97 Musrattus . 98 Mus alexandrinus 99 Mus nitidus . . 1oo Mus rufescens ri 5 Mus andamanensis 1o2 Mus rubricosa ‘ 103 Mus concolor 104 Musfulvescens . 105 Mus jerdoni 106 Mus niviventer . 107 Mus humei . . y ‘ ; 108 Muserythrotis . : : 3 109 Mus blanfordi ‘ ‘ 110 Mus berdmorei_ . : . Mus urbanus é ; . Mus sublimis P ‘ ‘ ‘ Mus bactrianus . ‘ ; . 114 Mus cervicolor Mus arianus 116 Mus nitulidus , 117 Mus mettada 2 $ 118 Mus gleadowi NuMBER OF SPECIMENS. Asiatic | Indian Page. Soc, Mus, | Total, Coll, Coll, I ° I 45 1 4 5| 46 ° I I 46 4 22 26 46 6 26 32 47 10 23 33 47 ° 3 3 49 o. 7 7 49 ° 13 13 50 fo) 40 40 50 o 9 9 51 ° 2 2 52 fo) fe) ° 52 fo) 2 2 52 I ° I 52 fe) 1 r 53 ° 37 37 53 ° 3 3 53 8| 97} 105] 53 3 \2 15 53 3 22 25 57 co) 4 4| 58 fo) I I 59 8| 47] 55] o1 ° 1 I 62 5 6 Il 62 fe) 19 19 62 9 39 48) 63 «| 24] 133 | 157 63 3 2 8 10 63 : 0 1 1 68 a 4 20 24 68 a 2 fo) 2 69 ‘ 1 11 12 69 ; ° ° ° 70 5 ° I 1 70 : 1 6 7 70 . ° 2 2 70 ‘ I fe) I 71 ; 5| 89] o4] 7 : ° I I 73 . 5 52 57 74 . 3 7 Io 75 : (o) 16 16 75 . te) 13 13 76 fo} 17 17 76 2 3 3 77 xiv INDEX. Family Murip& — contd. Mus wagneri ‘ Mus muscuius : . Mus sylvaticus Mus minutus Mus abyssinicus . Mus pumelio Mus longipilis Mus assimilis Mus gouldi . Leggada platythrix Leggada buduga . A Chiropodomys gliroides Hapalomys longicaudatus Vandeleuria oleracea Golunda ellioti Uromys macropus Hapalotis apicalis Hapalotis conditor Hapalotis mitchelli Hesperomys leucopus Cricetus pheus . . Cricetomys gambianus , Fiber zibethicus Arvicola glareolus Arvicola stoliczkanus Arvicola stracheyi Arvicola wynnei . Arvicola roylei Arvicola blanfordi . Arvicola blythi . ‘ Arvicola amphibius Arvicola nivalis Arvicola agrestis . Arvicola guentheri i Arvicola sikkimensis . ‘ Hypudzus lemnus Ellobius fuscocapillus . Family SpaLacip&. Spalax typhlus. : x Rhizomys sumatrensis . é Rhizomys erythrogenys . Rhizomys pruinosus. : Rhizomys badius . Bathyergus maritimus . Bathyergus splendens . NuMBER OF SPECIMENS. Asiatic Soc. Coll, _ ON OnoOMVNnH-NOOONO-HONO a OW DWN LW PHNOONHKFHYK OOH OO MeO Indian Page. Mus. | Total. Coll, ‘14 14 77 4 6; 78 6 9] 73 fo) I 73 3 3| 78 fo) 2 79 1 I 79 2 é 79 2 2 79 5 10 to 44) 55| 80 2 5 82 I 3 82 21 24 83 7 12| 83 2 2 84 ° e 84 2 2 84 1 3 &5 3 3} 85 so} 5o0| 85 I I 87 3 4| 87 [o} 8 89 2 2 89 1 1 go 2 3 go 1 I GI 5 5 gt 6 7 gt 6 8 92 fe) 1 g2 1 3 92 1 I 93 I I 93 fo) 2 93 4 8| 94 I 4 94 6 10 cs 4 5| 6 23 26 95 17 23 97 a 3 98 3 3] 98 INDEX. XV Numeer oF SPECIMENS. . Asiatic | Indian Page. Soc. Mus, | Total. Coll. Coll, Family SpaLacipa&—contd, 163 Georychus ccecutiens . 3 fo) 3 98 164 Georychus capensis. ‘ ‘ 1 oO I 99 Family GeomyID&, 165 Geomys bursarius ‘ . . fo) 2 2 99 Family ZAPoDIDA. 166 Zapus hudsonius . . ° 1 I 99 Family Dipopip&. 167 Dipuslagopus . . Co) 7 7 {| 100 168 Dipus blanfordi . . a . ° 1 1 100 169 Dipus jaculus). i; . . I 5 6 | “100 170 Alactaga decumanas. a . fo) I 1 101 171 Alactaga indica . . . - I 2 3 101 Division HYSTRICOMORPHA. Family OcTODONTIDA, 172 Pectinator spekii . . : F i 12 13} ‘101 173 Schizodon fuscus . . ‘ ° 1% I] -102 174 Spalacopus peeppigii . 1 ° I 102 175 Octodon degus . . I ° I} 103 Family HystRicip@. 176 Synetheres prehensilis : oO I I 103 177 Erethizon,dorsatus ° 2 2 103 178 Atherura macroura 3 3 6| 104 179 Atherura africana oO I 1 104 180 Hystrix cristata . o 1 I 105 181 Hystrix leucurus . : ¢ 7 8 1s 105 182 Hystrix longicauda ei : 3 9 9 18 | 106 183 Hystrix yunnanensis . . . fo) I 1 107 Family CHINCHILLIDA. . 184 Lagostomus trichodactylus . . fo) I I 108 185 Coelogenys paca . - . . 4 3 7 | 108 Family CAvibp&. 186 Cavia porcellus . i . . 1 4 5 | 109 187 Cavia australis. . . 1 ° 1} 10) 188 Hydrocheerus capybara. ’ . I I 2] 109 xvi INDEX. Sub-order DUPLICIDENTATA. Family Lacomyip&. 189 Lagomys ladaccensis 190 Lagomys macrotis 191 Lagomys rufescens 192 Lagomys roylei Family Leporipa. 193 Lepus hypsibius . 194 Lepus pallipes 195 Lepus tibetanus 196 Lepus pamirensis 197 Lepus stoliczkanus 198 Lepus yarkandensis 199 Lepus dayanus 200 Lepus ruficaudatus 201 Lepus nigricollis . 202 Lepus peguensis . 203 Lepussinensis . 204 Lepus hispidus 205 Lepus europzus 206 Lepus cuniculus . 207 Lepus timidus 208 Lepus egyptius . 209 Lepus tigrensis 210 Lepus capensis . 211 Lepus saxatilis . 212 Lepus americanus 213 Lepus sylvaticus 214 Lepus callotis Order UNGULATA. Sub-order ARTIODACTYLA. Family Bovina. 1 Bos gaurus ‘ 2 Bos frontalis * 3 Bossondaicus , 4 Bos grunniens . 5 Bos bubalus 6 Bos depressicornis 7 Bos caffer . 8 Bos americanus 9 Bos taurus . ° Number or SPECIMENS. Asiatic Soc. Coll. Indian Mus, Coll, Total. Page, Ano- COCO HR OOON KF NNKWMHK OTC OOO & COONONWNMUN ©} 14 2 _ a HOW OOWNHWOOMODANAPONHNH ON _ ~ WQWRrhOWUMNNN ro iol HOW eR MONON BND HO NMWOND = COD bo = eb HQHOwoWROWONNM 110 T1o Ill 112 113 114 114 114 115 115 115 116 116 117 117 117 118 118 118 119 119 119 120 120 120 120 INDEX. xvil NumBer OF SPECIMENS. Asiatic | Indian Page, Soc, Mus, | Total, Coll, Coll, Family Bovipz—contd. 10 Ovis poli . ‘ “ F 14 16 | 133 11 Ovis hodgsoni . . ‘ . 6 rn} 136 12 Ovis canadensis . a . r 2 2) 137 13 Ovis cycloceros . . ‘ . 9 14] 138 14 Ovis vignei q . . 3 1 2 139 15 Ovis gmelini ‘ ‘ 5 ; 4 6 139 16 Ovis nahoor ‘ a ¥ I 15 27 140 17 Ovis tragelaphus f . I 1 141 18 Capra zgagrus . . . : 13 14] 142 19 Capra siberica . ¥ : ¥ 17 20 143 20 Capra sinaitica . % ‘ . 144 2t Capra falconeri . . ‘ : 145 22 Capra jemlaica . : ‘ . 146 23 Capra hylocrius , . : . 146 24 Capra hircus : Z 4 147 25 Nemorhezedus goral 26 Nemorhzedus caudatus 27 Nemorhedus bubalina 28 Nemorhzdus sumatrensis 29 Rupicapra tragus . 30 Haploceros montanus « 31 Budorcas taxicolor . 32 Oreas canna * - 33 Strepsiceros kudu . 34 Strepsiceros imberbis . 35 Tragelaphus sylvaticus 36 Boselaphus tragocamelus 37 Oryx gazella . . 38 Oryx beisa 3 . 39 Oryx beatrix . . 40 Oryx leucoryx . 41 Hippotragus equinus . 42 Gazelladorcas , a 43 Gazella isabella . . 44 Gazella spekii . % 45 Gazellaarabica . r - RAN ORL CNW & “ . . . . . . e . . . . “ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . om PHHNVG HO HOWKGovbbandaepaepaown ie nn los) Qn ReKRMhOCHHUMUBRNHNOORHROHDORONHNOKBO MD DWORHOUA HYG 46 Gazella bennettii 47 Gazella fuscifrons 48 Gazella subgutturosa 49 Gazella picticaudata 50 Gazella seemmeringi 51 Gazella euchore . 52 Antilope cervicapra 53 Pantholops hodgsoni 54 Kobus ellipsiprymnus 55 Cervicapra arundinacea : 56 Neotragus saltianus . - . ey - ~ SCODHOHKOWROHMNDOHONHOMNIDO KR HNOONTOR ROUND OWHONDHDHMNONDND ~ iS) - iol XViii INDEX. Number oF Specimens, Asiatic] Indian Page. Soc. Mus, | Total, Coll, Coll, Family Bovipz—contd. 56 Neotragus kirkii . . . . . 1 ° 1| 166 57 Nanotragus tragulus . . a 1 fo) 1| 166 §8 Nanotragus montanus . . . ce) I 1} 166 59 Nanotragus melanotis . a ‘ I (o) I 167 60 Nanotragus oreotragus ‘ ‘: 2 2 4} 167 61 Cephalophus mergens . . : 1 ° 1} 167 62 Cephalophus natalensis . i . I ° 1} 168 63 Cephalophus mandoqua . o 2 2] 168 64 Tetraceros quadricornis . 5 a 9 ia 20] 168 65 AZpyceros melampus . I ° 1| 169 66 Alcephelus caama a I I 2] 170 67 Connochetes gnu ‘ 7 ‘ : ° 3 3] 170 Family ANTILOCAPRIDE. 68 Antilocapra americana : 7 . oO 4 4] 171 Family GriraFFIDA. 69 Giraffa camelopardalis ‘ >. é 1 6 7\ 1491 Family Cervipa. 70 Moschus moschiferus . . : ‘ 5 13 18] 172 71 Cervus muntjac . 5 3 ‘ 10 19 29] 173 72 Cervus reevesi . ‘i ‘ ‘ I I 2] 174 73 Cervus aristotelis 2 : 36 27 63] 176 74 Cervus swinhoei 2 ‘ fo} 1 1| 178 75 Cervus porcinus : . . 20 19 39 | 178 76 Cervus hippelaphus . . 9 3 12] 179 77 Cervus duvauceli ; ‘i ‘i e 19 10 20 179 78 Cervus schomburgki . . . i 1 1 2} 180 79 Cervus eldi 5 : 3 . é 14 2 10 | 180 80 Cervus axis : 16 14 go | 181 81 Cervus dybowskii : ‘ Fi fo) I 1 | 182 82 Cervus sika ‘ ; ‘ . : fo) I 1 183 83 Cervus taévanus . . . ; I fo) 1] 183 84 Cervus elaphus . - . . : 5 2 7 | 183 85 Cervus eustephanus F 7 Fi o I zr} 184 86 Cervus affinis . 5 a 2 4 6 | 184 87 Cervus cashmeerianus . Z fo) 8 8} 184 88 Cervus canadensis. : : 1 5 6| 185 89 Cervusdama , : . 8 5 13 | 186 90 Alces machlis_. . . : . 2 2 4| 186 91 Capreolus caprzea 7 3 10 | 187 o2 Cariacus virginianus , . F 3 5 8] 187 93 Rangifer tarandus ; ‘ 5 2 3 5 188 INDEX. xix NuMBER OF SPECIMENS. é “ Page. Asiatic | Indian Soc. Mus, | Total. Coll. Coll, Family TracuLipa. 94 Tragulus memminna . $ 2 9 11] 189 95 Tragulus kanchil 5 24 29 | 189 96 Tragulus napu F . : . 2 9 i 190 97 Tragulus stanleyanus . . 7 . ° 8 8] rot Family CAMELIDa. 98 Camelus bactrianus . : . ‘ 3 3 | 191 99 Camelus dromedarius . z : : I 6 7 | 192 too Auchenia glama . . . . . I 8 9 | 192 Family Suipaz. 1o1 Sus cristatus ‘ . . - : 18 12 30 | 193 102 Sus andamanensis . : : ‘ 18 7 25 | 105 103 Sus scrofa . ‘ ‘ F 5 : I 2 3] 105 104 Porcula salvania . . é 5 fo) 13 13| 195 105 Babyrussa alfurus ‘ : : : 2 I 3] 196 Family DicotyLipa. 106 Dicotylus tajacu . . . : . I 2 3 | 196 Family PHACOCH@RIDA. 107 Phacochcerus zthiopicus . i ¥ 2 fo} 2 107 108 Phacocheerus africanus < . 7 ° 2 2) 197 Family HtppopoTAMIDA, 109 Hippopotamus amphibius . ; é 4 1 5 | 197 Sub-order PERISSODACTYLA. ° Family Tapirip#&. 110 Tapirus indicus . : . . . 4 8 12 | 198 Family Equip. 111 Equus hzemionus var. indicus . é I 4 5] 198 112 Equus hemionus var. kiang - ; . 4 1 8] 199 113 Equus burchelli . 3 . . ‘ o 2 2] 200 114 Equus asinus. : . . i 1 2 3 | 200 115 Equus caballus . - 5 . . 9 9 18 | 200 xX INDEX. NumBer oF Specimens, Asiatic | Indian Page, ic. Mus. | Total, Coll, | Coll. Family RHINOCEROTIDA. 116 Rhinoceros unicornis . . . . 5 12 17 | 202 117 Rhinoceros sondaicus . . . . 6 16 22 | 202 118 Rhinoceros lasiotis . ; . . ° {e) Oo} 204 119 Rhinoceros sumatrensis : . . 7 11 18 | 204 120 Rhinoceros bicornis . . . * 2 fe) 2] 205 121 Rhinoceros simus . . . . 1 ° 1] 206 Order PROBOSCIDEA. Family ELEPHANTIDA, Elephas indicus . . . . . 9 24 33 | 206 2 Elephas africanus . . . . I 3 4} 208 Order HYRACOID. Family Hyracipaz, Hyrax capensis . F . i . 8 ° 8} 208 Hyrax brucei 3 . . . . I 9 10 | 209 Dw Order CARNIVORA, Sub-order FISSIPEDIA. Division AELUROIDEA. Family Fevipa. 1 Felisleo . P ‘ # . 4 9 13 | 214 2 Felis tigris . . . . . E 10 20 30 | 216 3 Felis uncia . : . . . : I 7 8 | 217 4 Felis pardus s : . F : 6 28 34} 218 5 Felis nebulosa . ‘ . . 2 5 7 | 220 6 Felis marmorata . : . . . 2 7 Q| 221 7 Felis temmincki . . . . ‘ oO 5 5 | 222 8 Felis planiceps . 3 . . . I 2 3 | 222 9 Felis bengalensis , ‘ . 2 ° 5 31 30 | 323 Jo Felis viverrina . . . ‘ 3 10 13} 225 11 Felis rubiginosa . . . . ‘i o 5 5 | 225 12 Felis manul : : ‘ : o oO o| 226 12 Felis ornata . . . ‘ . 3 17 20] 226 13 Felisshawiana . . . . . to) 3 3 | 227 14 Felis chaus . . . . . 7 30 37 | 227 15 Feliscaudata. e . . . oO 1 1 | 229 16 Felis lynx . ‘ ; . . . 7 5 12 | 229 17 Felis caracal . . . : : I 8 9 | 230 18 Felis concolor . . . . . 1 3 4| 230 INDEX. xxi NumMBeR OF SPECIMENS, Astatic| Indian Page. Soc. Mus, | Total, Coll, Coll Family Feripa—contd, 19 Felis yagonaroundi . - . . ° 1 1 | 231 20 Felis pardalis . . . . I I 2] 23t 21 Felis serval. P . i . . 1 fo) 1 | 231 22 Felis caffra . é e ‘ . . 2 me) 2| 232 23 Felis catus . . . é “ 7 1 fo) 1 | 232 24 Felis pardina . ‘ . : ° I 1 | 232 25 Felis canadensis . . ; . . ° 4 4] 232 26 Felis rufa. . . . 7 1 2 3 | 233 27 Felis domestica . . ‘1 . . 8 6 14 | 233 28 Cynzlurus jubatus F ‘ : : 2 6 8] 235 Family ViveRRIDA. 29 Viverra zibetha . : A : A 4 9 13] 236 30 Viverra civettina : . i 1 3 4 | 237 31 Viverra megaspila - 7 . fo} o O| 237 32 Viverratangalanga . 3 . . 2 vi 9} 237 33 Viverracivetta , f . . . to) I 1| 238 34 Viverricula malaccensis . é 12 13 25 | 238 35 Prionodon maculosus . f . . oO fo) to) 239 36 Prionodon pardicolor , 8 ‘ 7 3 4 7 | 240 37 Genetta vulgaris . . é : 1 ° 1 | 240 38 Genettatigrina . ° . . 2 ° 2 | 240 39 Hemigale hardwickii . . . . 1 ° 1 | 241 4o Arctogale trivirgata . . . . fo) I 1| 241 41 Arctogale leucotis ‘ A ; . 6 3 11 | 241 42 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus . ‘ o 15 15 | 243 43 Paradoxurus strictus . é é 7 {o} 4 4| 244 44 Paradoxurns niger . P F ‘ 6 16 22 | 244 45 Paradoxurus macrodus, : . . 4 2 6 | 246 46 Paradoxurus jerdoni . . 2 fo) I 1 | 246 47 Paradoxurus aureus . é : < 3 1 4] 247 48 Paradoxurus grayi ngs, AS F 5 9 15 24 | 247 49 Paradoxurus leucomystax . ‘ a 3 3 6} 248 50 Paradoxurus laniger e ‘ < ° ° o| 249 51 Arctictis binturong . . . . 3 1o 13| 249 52 Cynogale bennetti . . . . I I 2] 250 53 Eupleres goudoti . . . ° 2 2| 250 54 Herpestes auropunctatus . * . 9 24 33 | 251 55 Herpestes birmanicus . . . . I 3 4] 252 56 Herpestes mungo ‘“ F ‘ . 5 18 23] 253 57 Herpestes ferrugineus . . . . 1 2 3 | 254 58 Herpestes smithi 2 . ° : I 2 3) 254 59 Herpestes fuscus . ‘ . . . I ° 1 | 255 60 Herpestes fulvescens . i . . 2 1 3] 255 61 Herpestes brachyurus . . . . 2 1 3| 255 62 Herpestes vitticollis . ‘ . . 3 2 5 | 256 xxii INDEX. NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, Asiatic| Indian Page. Soe. Mus, | Total, Coll. | Coll. Family VivErRIDZ—contd. 63 Herpestes urva . a § . . 2 6 8] 256 64 Herpestes caffer . . . 3 . 2 I 3) 256 65 Herpestes galera ‘ ‘ . . I ° 1 | 257 66 Herpestes gracilis a ‘ . . oO 4 4] 257 67 Crossarchus fasciatus . e f . I I 2] 258 Family PRoTELIDA. 68 Proteles cristatus F a . E 1 fo) 1] 258 Family Hy£nipa. 69 Hyzna striata. . . . : 4 17 21 | 258 jo Hyznacrocuta . . é . . I I 2) 259 Division CYNOIDEA. E, Family Canipa. 71 Cuon dukhunensis . . . . 5 10 15 | 260 72 Cuon alpinus ‘ . . . I fe) 1] 261 73 Canis lupus. . . . . fo) 11 11 | 262 74 Canis laniger z: c 3 . 7 2 9] 262 75 Canis pallipes . “oe : 2 20 22 | 263 76 Canislagopus . . . . . 2 3 5 | 264 77 Canis aureus . F . . 9 20 29} 264 78 Canis mesomelas . > 3 . 2 fo) I 1 | 266 79 Canis variegatus . . . * . 1 1 2| 266 80 Canis procyonides . 7 . oO I 1 | 266 81 Canis familiaris . : * : . 7 14 21} 266 82 Canis dingo : : . - 2 2 4 | 266 83 Vulpes alopex . 3 . ei . 5 ° 5| 268 84 Vulpes fulvus ‘ - . . I 2 3 | 268 85 Vulpes montanus . " , ‘ 6 43 49 | 268 86 Vulpes leucopus . . : F 7 16 23.) 270 87 Vulpes bengalensis . . . 6 19 25 | 271 88 Vulpes ferrilatus . é . . . 3 ° 3 | 272 89 Vulpes cana : ‘ . . ° oO Oo} 272 90 Vulpescaama . . . . . I ° 1} 273 ot Vulpes virginiana . . . < I o 1] 273 Division ARCTOIDEA. Family MUSTELIDA. 92 Mustela flavigula . . 2 : 7 19 26] 273 93 Mustela martes . . . . . 1 2 3] 274 INDEX, 94 134 135 136 Family MusteLipa—contd. Mustela foina ‘ Mustela zibellina Mustela pennanti Mustela americana Putorius fcetidus Putorius furio . Putorius larvatus Putorius sarmaticus Putorius erminea Putorius vulgaris Putorius stoliczkanus Putorius subhemachalanus Putorius canigula Putorius alpinus . Putorius kathiah . Putorius strigidorsus Putorius sibericus Putorius vison. Gulo luscus ‘ Galictis barbara . Galictis vittata . Ictonyx zorilla . Helictis orientalis Helictis personata Helictis moschata Mellivora indica . Meles taxus 7 Meles lencura ; Meles sp. . a Mydaus meliceps Arctonyx collaris Arctonyx taxoides Mephitis mephitica Lutra vulgaris Lutra ellioti Lutra aurobrunnea Lutra leptonyx . Lutra canadensis Lutra brasiliensis Enhydra lutris . . Family PRocyonipDz Procyon lotor . Nasua rufa Nasua nasica . 137 Cercoleptes caudivolvulu ee er NuMBER oF SPECIMENS, Asiatic | Indian Soc. Mus. Coll, Coll. Total Page, - “‘ bo bWOONM = we DD ~ il PUNY H KR RK OW NUNHNNDHA NOD DH AN NH DIO COSMO SD MNONDIOOKHHROHROH OOH HNDONOOHNO MMNEOHHOOMN 59 nf Nes OOnnFODK"ONMNHKOKRD HEH DYDONDMMNNNNHAADOANHHO _ “Orn ew Pn” ys AO XXIV INDEX. Family PRocyonipz—contd. 138 Aelurus fulgens 139 Aeluropus melanoleucus Family Ursipa, 140 Ursus isabellinus 141 Ursus pruinosus . 142 Ursus torquatus . 143 Ursus malayanus. 144 Ursus arctos e 145 Ursus japonicas . 146 Ursus americanus 147 Ursus maritimus . 148 Melursus ursinus oe ee ee ewe re ee ee . Sub-order PJNNIPEDIA. Family TRICHECHIDA. 149 Trichechus rosmarus Family PHocipa. 150 Phoca vitulina . 151 Phoca greenlandica 152 Phoca barbata 153 Stenorhynchus carcinophagus . 154 Cystophora cristata . 155 Macrorhinus leoninus . Order CETACEA. Sub-order MYSTACOCETI. Family BALaN'DA, Balzena australis . . Balzna mysticetus . Balznoptera indica. Balznoptera blythi Balznoptera edeni OABWK = . . Sub-order ODONTOCETI, Family PHyseTeRIDA. 6 Physeter macrocephalus 7 Kogia breviceps . . NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, Asiatic | Indian Page, Soc, Mus. | Total. Coll. | Coll, ° a1 21 { 300 ° I 301 6 11 17] 302 I I 2) 302 2 15 17 | 303 3 12 15] 304 2 3 6| 304 to) I 1] 305 1 I 2] 305 2 2 4] 305 12 9 21 | 306 3 I 4] 307 I ° 1} 307 2 fe) 2] 308 I ° 1] 308 ° 1 1 | 308 3 oO 3} 309 1 ° Tj} 309 1 re) I 312 1 fo) 1 | 312 1 I 2/ 313 oO 1 I 314 o 3 3} 314 4 3 7{ 3'4 fo) fe) Oo} 315 INDEX. Family PLATANISTIDA. 8 Platanista gangetica . Family DgLeHINIDA, 9 Monodon monoceras . to Delphinapterus leucas t1 Phoczena communis 12 Neomeris phocenoides 13 Orcella brevirostris 2 14 Orcella fluminalis 3 15 Globicephalus melas. 16 Globicephalus indicus . 17 Lagenorhynchus acutus 18 Lagenorhynchus electra 1g Delphinus delphis 20 Delphinus frithi . . 21 Delphinus pomeegra 22 Delphinus longirostris 23 Tursiops tursio . s 24 Tursiops perniger . 25 Prodelphinus obscurus 26 Prodelphinus attenuatus 27 Steno rostratus . 7 28 Sotalia gadamu . : 29 Sotalia plumbea . . 30 Sotalia lentigenosa Order SIRENIA. Family Haticorip@. 1 Halicore dugong 3 2 Halicore australis . Order EDENTATA. Family BRADYPODIDA. 1 Cholopus didactylus . 2 Cholopus hoffmanni . Family MyRMECOPHAGID. 3 Myrmecophaga jubata XXV | Number or SPECIMENS, Asiatic | Indian Page. Soc. Mus. | Totat, Coll, Coll. 6) 27| 33 | 315 1 1 2] 317 1 ° 1} 317 3 A) 3 | 317 I 1 2| 318 2 9 mt {- 318 ° 3 3 | 319 i ° 1 319 5 1 3] 319 1 fo) I 32U ° ° o | 321 1 2 3 | 321 I ° 1 322 ° oO o | 322 ° ° o| 322 2 1 3 | 323 1 oO I 323 1 1 2) 324 6 ° 6 | 324 2 1 3 | 324 1 ° I 325 oO fe) o| 325 fo) ° o | 325 2 6 8] 326° ° 2 2| 4327 ° I I 328 o} I 1 | 328 1 ° 1 328 XXvi INDEX. Oo ON ANAHW HH Family DasypopIpz&. Macropus billardieri Macropus brachyurus Petrogale xanthopus Petrogale penicillata Onychogale frenata Tatusia novemcincta . . Dasypus sexcinctus . . Family Manip. Manis pentadactyla_. ° Manis aurita : 2 . Manis javanica . : . Family OrycTEROPODIDa. Orycteropus capensis . . Order MARSUPIALIA. Family Macropopipay Macropus giganteus : Macropus rufus . . . Macropus ualabatus . . Macropus ruficollis . . Macropus bennettii . . Macropus dorsalis @ . Macropus agilis . . Macropus thetidis : Macropus eugenii 3 oe © ewe we Onychogale lunata 2 . Dorcopsis mulleri Lagostrophus fasciatus . Aepyprymnus rufescens ‘i Bettongia cuniculus . . Bettongia penicillata . Bettongia lesueuri . : Family PHALANGERIDA. Tarsipes rostratus * A Acrobates pygmzus . Dromicia nana. : . Petaurus australis bs i" Petaurus breviceps ‘ * Petauroides volans eS oe ee NumBer OF SPECIMENS, Indian Mus. Coll. Toran. Page. AW a COKFOOKRONORKOONDOOW OR OW NONOHO PNOKFNOHWHNAGCHWHN OCH Rh OWNWNUMN NANA ee 31 11 PNK HD ROW DN ROOD HOOD M Ce oe 329 329 330 330 331 332 333 333 333 334 334 334 334 335 335 *335 335 336 336 336 337 337 337 338 3:8 338 338 339 339 339 340 340 340 —e INDEX. XXV Number oF Specimens, Asiatic | Indian Page. Soc. Mus. | Totat. Coll. Coll. Family PHALANGERID&—contd, | 28 Pseudochirus peregrinus =. oO 2 2, sat 29 Pseudochirus occidentalis . ° I 1 | gat 30 Pseudochirus cooki_ ‘ ‘ co) I 1, 34! 31 Trichosurus vulpecula . 7 . I 9 to | 341 32 Trichosurus fuliginosus 3 3 6 | 342 33 Trichosurus caninus 5 7 ‘ OF I 1) 342 34 Phalanger orientalis. j : . ° I 1 | 343 35 Phalanger celebensis . : ; “ ) 2 2| 343 30 Phascolarctus cinereus ° 6 6 | 343 Family PHASCOLOMYID2. 37 Phascolomys mitchelli . é ¥ - ° 3 3\ 344 38 Phascolomys ursinus . . F : 1 2 3 | 344 39 Phascolomys latifrons . 3 : ‘ fe) 2 2\| 344 Family PERAMELIDZ. 4o Peragale lagotis . ° 2 2) 344 41 Perameles obesula 4 : . 2 4 6| 345 42 Perameles nasuta . . : . fo) 1 1 | 345 43 Perameles gunni E : . I I 2) 345 44 Perameles bongainvillei ‘ 3 ° I 1! 345 Family DasyuRipé. 48 Thylacinus cynocephalus 3 ° 3| 346 46 Sarcophilus ursinus I 1 2) 346 47 Dasyurus maculatus ° 4 4| 346 48 Dasyurus viverrinus 2 4 6 | 347 49 Dasyurus geoffroyi 1 3 4| 347 50 Phascogale flavipes 1 (0) 1 | 347 51 Phascogale penicillata . o 2 2| 347 52 Sminthopsis crassicaudata .. : : I ° 1} 348 53 Myrmecobius fasciatus i . : o I 1} 348 Family DIDELPHYIDe. 34 Didelphys marsupialis . : . . ° I 1 | 348 Order MONOTREMATA. Fauily ECHIDNIDA. 1 Echidna aculeata . . i : 3 3 6| 349 Family ORNITHORHYNCHIDE, 2 Ornithorhynchus anatinus . F 7 2 5 7| 349 — XXvili INDEX. Summary. Number or Species. | NuMBER OF SPECIMENS, Orpers, Indian, | Exotic,| Totat.|A.S.B.| I.M. | Totau. Rodentia 2 z : «| 113 IOr 214 | 430 | 1,715 | 2,145 Ungulata - . é 53 68 | 121 | 410! 679 | 1,089 Proboscidea . : . 1 1 2 10 27 37 Hyracoidea . . ° 2 2 9 9 18 Carnivora . . s 83 73| 156 | 369 | 876 | 1,245 Cetacea i . . 22 8 30 40 55 95 Sirenia * . 1 I 2 2 8 iT) Edentata = . 3 3 6 9 18 SI 69 Marsupialia . a8 oO 54 54 37 | 114! 151 Monotremata 3 ° 2 2 5 8 13 TOTAL 276} 316] S592 | 1,330 | 3,542 | 4,872 List of types in the Indian Museum. No. Description of Specimens, Type as described. Author, 1 | Stuffed and skull .| Sciurus blanfordi . . | Blyth. 1 | Stuffed and skull - | Sciurus sladeni . . | Anderson. 1 | Skin 3 * . | Sciurus alstoni . | Anderson. 1 | Stuffed . ¥ . | Sciurus quinquestriatus . | Anderson. 1 | Skin and skull . . | Sciurus layardi é . | Blyth. 1 | Skin . . .| Sciurus fulvus . . . | Blanford. t | Skin andskull . . | Pteromys cineraceus. -| Blyth, =” 4 | Skins . . | Pteromys yunnanensis Anderson. 3 | Skins . . . | Sciuropterus spadaceus Blyth. 1 | Skinand skull . . | Eupetaurus cineraceus Thomas.* 1 | Skin and skull , + | Spermophilus bactrianus . | Scully. 1 | Skin and skull . . | Arctomys aureus . | Blanford. 1 | Alcohol. ‘ . | Myoxus pictus s . | Blanford * 1 | Alcohol and skull . | Gerbillus persicus . . | Blanford. 1 | Alcohol and skull . | Gerbillus nanus ‘ . | Blanford. 1 | Skin and skull . . | Nesokia scullyi ‘ . | Wood-Mason. 1 | Alcohol and skull . | Mus bowersii . . | Anderson. 2 | Skins and skulls .| Mus andamanensis . . | Blyth. 1 | Alcohol and skull «| Mus rubricosa . . | Anderson. 3 | Alcohol and skulls -| Mus concolor . F . | Blyth. 1 | Skin and skull. . | Mus jerdoni : «| Blyth.. 1{ Alcohol . . . | Mus erythrotis : «| Blyth. 1 | Skull 4 7 «| Mus berdmorei f .| Blyth. 1 | Alcohol and skull .| Mus sublimis , F . | Blanford. 2 | Alcohol, 1 skull .| Mus arianus . . .| Blanford.+ * Co-types in the British Museum. Described as M. erythronotus ; name afterwards changed, INDEX. XXIX List of types in the Indian Museum—contd. Description of Specimens, Type as descrited, Author, — a MOY wD ee DO Skin, 1 alcohol and skull. Skins and skulls 5 Alcohol, 2 skulls . Alcohol, « skull : Skins : Stuffed . Skin Skin, skull Skins, 1 skull Skins ‘ Skin and skull Stuffed heads . Skin with head . Skull e 2 Pr. horns a Skin and skeleton Skin and skull . Stuffed and skull Stuffed ; . - Skin. is : Stuffed and skull Skin and skull . A Skeleton (pt.) . 5 Skeleton (pt) . . oe ee weve Skeleton (pt.) Skeleton . Skeleton } Skull ‘ : Skull A Stuffed and skull (pt.) Hapalomys longicaudatus. Arvicola stoliczkanus Arvicola blanfordi . Arvicola blythi . Rhizomys erythrogenys Rhizomys pruinosus. Pectinator spekii Hystrix yunnanensis Lepus hypsibius . Lepus stoliczkanus . Lepus peguensis . Gazella spekii . - Gazella fuscifrons . Cervus taevanus 5 Cervus eustephanus . Felis shawiana . Viverra civettina . Vulpes montana ‘ Vulpes, leucopus . Putorius stoliczkanus Arctonyx taxoides Lutra ellioti Balznoptera indica Balzenoptera blythi_ . Balzenoptera edeni . Orcella fluminalis Globicephalus indicus Delphinus frithi « Delphiuus perniger . Blyth, Blanford. Scully. Blyth * Anderson. Blyth. Blyth. Anderson, Blanford. Blanford. Blyth. Blyth. Blanford. Blyth. Blanford, Blanford, Blyth. Pearson. Blyth. Blanford, Blyth. Anderson. Blyth. Anderson, Anderson, Anderson. Blyth. Blyth. Blyth, ToTAL NUMBER OF TYPES,— | 55: * Described by Blyth as Phaomys teucurus ; name altered by Blanford, CATALOGUE OF MAMMALIA. INDIAN MUSEUM. ParT Il. Order RODENTIA. _The Rodentia are Mammals characterized by the following points of structure :—a middle pair of long, curved, rootless, persis- tent incisors ; no canines; three molars above and below [except Hydromys]; temporal and orbital fossz of skull confluent, the lacrymal foramen opening within it ; a distinct interparietal present ; scapula narrow, with a deep notch and a well developed acromion ; manus, five or four digits; pes, three to five digits; placenta deci- duate and discoidal. A general account of the classification and of the genera of the group by E. R. Alston willbe found in P. Z.S., 1876, p. 61; itis mainly on this paper that the following key of the Indian Genera is based. Key of the Indian Genera. a. Only one pair of incisors above; skull with a true alisphenoid canal ; optic foramina rarely confluent; bony palate well de- veloped ; fibula never articulates with the calcaneum ; testes abdominal, descending periodically. | [=Simplicidentata.] ‘4. Two premolars above and below; post-orbital processes present ; infra-orbital opening very small; zygomatic arch mainly composed of the malar bone, not supported below by a process of the maxilla; mandible with the angular portion springing from the lower edge of the bony covering of the lower incisor; fibula separate through life; upper lip cleft; muffle small, naked; nostrils comma-shaped ; tail cylindrical and hairy. [=Sciuride.] c. Incisors compressed. : d. Limbs united by a flying expansion; form slender ; tail long. B MAMMALIA, e. Dentition hypsodont, 7.2, molar teeth with vertically lengthened crowns. . . Eupetaurus, p. 40. - &, Dentition brachyodont, 7.e., molar teeth with short crowns. f. Aninterfemoral membrane present; tail generally bushy. é ‘ ‘ Pteromys, p. 32- f?. No interfemoral membrane ; tail distichous. Sciuropterus, p. 37. d*, Limbs free; form agile; tail long, bushy; no cheek pouches; parietals broad, anchylosed to the frontals. Sciurus, p. 4. ce. Incisors not compressed ; form thick-set ; tail short ; pollex rudimentary; parietals narrow, parallelogrammatic. Arctomys, p. 41. 8, Premolars present or absent; no post-orbital processes ; zygomatic arch slender, chiefly formed by the zygomatic processes of the maxillze and squamosal bones; mandible with the angular portion springing from the lower edge of the bony covering of the lower incisor; tibia and fibula completely anchylosed in the adult; upper lip usually cleft; muffle small, naked; nostrils comma-shaped ; tail cylindrical. [=Myomorpha. f. Lower incisors generally compressed ; no premolars; infra- orbital opening generally high, wide above, narrow below, with the maxillary process forming a perpendicular plate ; tail generally naked. (=Muride.] g- Molars rooted. 4. Molars transversely laminated ; incisive foramen and auditory bulla very small; palate imperforate ; form myoxine; fur mixed with scattered spines; tail densely haired. : Platacanthomys, p. 46. k*, Incisors narrow, upper ones grooved; molars trans- versely laminated ; auditory bulla large; hind limb elongated ; tail long and hairy. Gerbillus, p. 46. 8. Incisors not grooved; molars generally tuberculate ; tail scaly, and generally more or less naked. j. Only the pollex provided witha nail, all other digits clawed, k. Lower incisors broad; molars of transverse RODENTIA. 3 lamin; palate narrow; muzzle blunt; form stout; tail shorter than the head and body. Nesokia, p. 53. k*. Incisors narrow ; molars tubercular. Mus, p. 59. #8, Like Mus, but with an extra anterior tubercle to the anterior upper molar, Leggada, p. 79. 7. Pollex and hallux provided with a flat nail; tail very long, with a pencil of long hairs at the tip; skull very short and rounded, 2, Dentition normal ; incisors narrow. Chiropodomys, p. 81. 2, Molar teeth with cusps arranged perfectly regu- larly, those of the lower jaw arranged in trans- yerse rows of three instead of two as in all other Muridz; incisors broad. Hapalomys, p. 82, >. ist and 5th digit of each limb with a flat nail ; size small; form slender and agile Vandeleuria, p. 82. A+, Upper incisors grooved, otherwise as in Mus. Golunda, p. 83. h®, Upper incisors smooth; molars tuberculate; infra- orbital opening not much narrowed below, and with the perpendicular plate little developed; tail short, not scaled, sparsely haired; with large cheek-pouches. Cricetus, p. 85. g’. Molars rootless or semi-rooted, composed of triangular prisms placed alternately. m. Infra-orbital opening murine; tail short and hairy ; ear-conch present; anterior palatine foramen long. : j Fi . Arvicola, p. 87. m*, Infra-orbital opening small and sub-triangular ; ear- conch absent; anterior palatine foramen tudi- mentary. . : . - Ellobius, p. 94. f*. Incisors large and broad; no premolars; molars rooted and with re-entering enamel folds, not tuberculate ; infra-orbital opening sub-triangular, with no perpendi- cular plate; eyes very small; ears very short; tail rather short-haired. : . Rhizomys, p. 95. B 2 4 MAMMALIA. 73. Incisors compressed; one small upper premolar ; infra- orbital opening very large and rounded; metatarsal bones greatly elongated ; hind-feet with five digits, of which the first and fifth do not reach the ground ; tail long, cylindrical and tufted. . Alactaga, p. 101. 88, One premolar above and below; molars with re-entering enamel folds and semi-rooted; no post-orbital processes to frontals ; mandible with the angular portion springing from the outer side of the bony covering of the lower incisor ; fibula a distinct bone throughout life; muffle hairy; fur modified into spines and quills. [=Hystricide.] m. Spines cylindrical; tail short, covered with spines and hollow quills. ©. . . - Hystrix, p. 104. n®, Spines flattened and channelled; tail long, scaly, with a tuft of bristles. . : : . Atherura, p. 104. a. Two pairs of incisors above; optic foramina confluent; no alisphenoid canal; bony palate much reduced; fibula and tibia anchylosed below and articulating with the calcaneum ; testes always external. -(=Duplicidentata.] o. Two premolars above and below ; frontals with no post-orbital process ; ears and hind limbs short; no external tail. Lagomys, p. 109. o*, Three premolars above, two below; frontals with two wing- like processes; ears and hind limbs elongated ; tail short, bushy, and recurved F : - Lepus, p. 112. Genus SCIURUS, Sciurus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 56 (1766). Macroxus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3) xx, p. 275 (1857). The Museum collection of the squirrels of the Oriental Region is a very complete one and formed the basis of Anderson’s mono- graph of the group in his Anatomical and Zoological Researches. In the Catalogue below Anderson has, except in one or two trifling instances, been followed, though it seems that still further reductions will have to be made in the number of species, more especially in the group of grizzled squirrels. The synopsis or key is not intended to apply to geographical varieties of Indian species not found within the limits of the Indian empire, so that the numerous pale varieties of Sciurus bicolor and the curiously coloured varieties of Sciurus ferrugineus, which are none of them found within the limits of the Indian empire, are not included in the key. SCIURUS. 5 The key is more or less an artificial one and must not be taken as exhibiting the real affinities of the different species. Key of the Indian Species. @ Squirrels of large size; length without tail more than 12 inch- es; skull over two inches in length; the anterior upper pre- molar constantly absent. 4. Black or dark-brown above, yellow below; outside of the shoulders and thighs, legs and feet constantly of the same colour as the back. c. Ears not tufted . ‘ : . S. bicolor, p. 7. ce, Ears tufted . - . §. giganteus, p. 8. 3, Above red and black, with a yellow occipital patch; feet yellow like the under surface ; ears very fully tufted. S. indicus, p. ro. 88. Above black or grizzled black and white, a yellow or white occipital patch; feet black, but the outside of the limbs yellow like the under surface; ears very slightly tufted. S. macrourus, p. 11. a’, Squirrels of medium size, less than 12 inches in length without the tail; never dorsally striped ; skull 1°6 to 1°8 inches in length; the anterior upper premolar always present. d. Dorsal surface grizzled, either gray, yellow or red and black ; no ventral stripes. e. Slightly smaller skull, averaging 1°6 inch. /. With a black tip to the tail ; ventral surface pate. S. pygerythrus, p. 11. S*. Tail-tip not black ; ventral surface pale ; a bright red patch frequently present on the thighs (seasonal ?) S. lokroides, p. 18. f°. Tail-tip not black ; ventral surface bright orange ; a white patch of hairs behind the ear; head with a somewhat elongated muzzle compared with S. lokroides. eae . S. lokriah, p. 20. é, Skull somewhat larger, from 1°85 to 2'o inches in length. . Tail-tip black ; feet yellow ; below orange. ? Pac : S. blanfordi, p. 12. g® Tail-tip black; feet yellow; a black lateral patch 6 MAMMALIA. separates the yellow ventral from the grizzled dorsal surface. : . §. phayrel, p. 12. g%. Below gray; during the cold weather the grizzled fur of the back is replaced by brilliant orange. S. caniceps, p. 13. g*. Below dark chestnut, generally with a patch of brilliant black on the dorsal surface ; probably notseasonal. . . 5. atrodorsalis, p. 15. g®. Feet, ventral surface and upper surface of the head chestnut. . . . S, sladeni, p. 18. g®. Below deep chestnut, above varying from yellow grizzled to almost black; tail-tip red, black, or same colourasthe back. S, erythraeus, p. 15. g’. Below white, cheeks ferrugineous ; tail chestnut below; a white spot behind the ear; head with elongate muzzle resembling S. lokriah. S. rufigenis, p. 21. d*, Ventral surface marked by five stripes, a central and two lateral nearly black, two intermediate yellowish white. S. quinquestriatus, p. 21. d°, Dorsal surface not grizzled; whole squirrel entirely ferrugineous : . S. ferrugineus, p. 22. a3. Squirrels of small size under eight inches in length without the tail; always marked with dorsal stripes varying in num- ber; skull of varying shape and size, with the anterior pre- molar present (except S. layardi). A. Median dorsal stripe black. j. Larger, about seven inches in length without the fail; stripes barely reaching from the shoulders to the thighs, 5 black and 2 light ones; skull very long and narrow, 1°75 inches long by r’o5 inches across at the widest part. . ‘ ‘ . . S. berdmorei, p- 26. 7’. Smaller, about five inches in length without the tail; ears tufted with white tips; stripes varying in length and distinctness ; skull very short and rounded, 1°05 long by *85 across the broadest part. S. maclellandi, p. 27. #3, Median dorsal stripe white or yellow. k. ae and under side of the tail with a distinct tinge of red. SCIURUS. 7 2. Three white or reddish stripes reaching anteriorly as far as the shoulders only; ventral surface pale ex- cept the rump; skull long and narrow, 1'25 by ‘85 inches. . , . . S.tristriatus, p. 25. , @, Lateral stripes very obscure; ventral surface chestnut; no anterior upper premolars ; skull short and round- ed, 1°3 by ‘g5 inches. . . §S. layardi, p. 26. #*, Rump and under side of the tail with no traces of red. m, Three dorsal stripes well marked, reaching forward anteriorly to the nape; body about seven inches ; fur harsh and light coloured. S. palmarum, p. 24. m*, Three dorsal stripes very obscure, not reaching for- ward anteriorly to the nape of the neck; body about five inches in length; fur very soft and rather dark ; - 9. -sublineatus, p. 26. ’ Sciurus bicolor. Var, A.—typtcus. Sciurus bicolor, Sparrman Gétheborg Wetens. Sevensk, Handl., i, p. 70 (1778)* ; Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate; Muller and Schlegel, Tem. Verhandl., pp. 88, 88; Blyth F. A. S.B.,x, p. 919; Cantor $A. S. B., xv, p. 246; Blyth FA. S. B., xvi, p. 870; Blyth Cat., no. 309, p. 99 [pt.] ; An- derson Anat. Zool. Res-, p.215; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,v, p. 108; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, pp. 67,75; Anderson, F, Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 340; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 27. r, Sciurus javensis, Zimmerman Geograph. Gesch., ii, p. 342 (1780); Blyth gF. A. S. B., xvi, p.870; Gray P. Z. S., 1861, p. 137. ; Sciurus albiceps, Desmarest N. Dict, Hist. Nat., x, p. 105 (1817); Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 110. Sciurus leschenaltii, Desmarest Mamm., p. 335 (1820); Horsfield Zool. Res. Sciurus affinis, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 259 (1822); Blyth Ann. Mag. N. H., Xx, p. 314. : Sciurus hy poleucus, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824) ; Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p.90; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 870; id. Cat., no. 310, p. 99. Sciurus auriventer, Js. Geog. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool. (1832)*; id. Zool. Voy. aux. Ind. Orient. Belanger, 1834, p. 150; Blyth F A.S. B., xvi, . 870. ' wi Sciteae humeralis, Colon Mem. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neufcha., i, p. 122, pl. viii 1835). oie Pe ephippium, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p, 91, pl. xiii (1838-44); Blyth Cat., no. 311, p. 100. Sciurus rubiventer, Muller and Schlegel Tem, Verhandl. p. 86 (1838-44). ia F Macroxus bicolor, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3); xx, p. 276 (1867) [pt.] Macroxus ephipium, Gray Ann. Mag., N. H. (3), xx, p. 276 (1867). 8 MAMMALIA. Var, B.—giganteus. Sciurus giganteus, McClelland P. Z. S., p. 150 (1839); Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 220; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 107. -Sciurus bicolor, Wagner Schreber Sdugeth. Suppl., iii, p. 191 (1843); Blyth ¥. A. S. B. xvi, p. 870; id. ibid., xxiv, p. 472; id. ibid., xxxi, p- 334; Blyth Cat., p. 99, no. 309. [pt.] Sciurus macruroides, Hodgson F. A.S. B., x, p. 915 (1841); Horsfield P.Z.S., 1856, p. 402; Ferdon Mamm., p. 168; Blyth F. AS. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 35+ The Black Hill Squirrel; Bhotea, Shingsham; Lepcha, Le- hyuk; Arakan, Leng-thet; Burmese, Sheng. Distribution.—The typical variety is found in Lower Burma, all through Tenasserim and the Malayan peninsula, and in the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo. The variety giganteus is found in the Himalayas from Nepal eastward to Assam, the hills between Assam and Burma and Upper Burma. This species varies in colour to a large extent, a fact which has been the cause of the long list of synonyms above recorded ; in the list of specimens below, “a” to “1” inclusive are specimens of the typical black and yellow variety, in which the black extends down the outside of the legs and the toes are black, the ears are untufted and there is a cheek and chin spot. The specimens “m” to “q” only differ in having the back of a decidedly more rufous tinge. The specimens “s” to “z” differ in having the feet light- coloured, not black as in the typical form; the back varies from a light rufous to the same yellow as the ventral surface; this is the variety separated by Jentink under the name of Sciurus albiceps. The specimen “‘r” is again curiously intermediate: from the crown of the head to the root of the tail it is a bright grizzled yel- low, each hair being brown, with a bright yellow tip; the head, cheeks and throat are whitish, the end of the nose and chin alone being dark; the tail and feet are almost as dark as in the typical black and yellow variety. i The two specimens from Borneo “z” and “a?” are somewhat different again, being very dark grizzled above, but with yellowish not blackish feet. It seems impossible therefore at present to separate into even geographical races this very varying species, except in the case of the large squirrel of the Eastern Himalayas and Assam, which forms a well-marked geographical race of Sciurus bicolor. It was first described by McClelland as a distinct species (S. giganteus) in his paper on the Mammals of Assam. This race is at once distinguished from the true S. bicolor by its tufted ears; it also seems to be very constant in colour, and never varies as S. bicolor does. @. Skin, skull 6. Skin _¢. Skin d. Skin e. Skin, skull J. Skin g. Skin hk, Skin, skull j. Skin, skull &. Stuffed SCIURUS. Var. A,—typicus, Yé, Tenasserim, 11-86 Q Pilai, Mergui, 6-3-82 é é Z. Stuffed skull ¢ m., Skin, skull n. Stuffed juv. o. Stuffed, skull p. Stuffed q. Stuffed skull vy. Skin s. Skin é t. Stuffed skull 9 uw. Stuffed skull v. Stuffed skull w, Stuffed skull x. Skin " Java y. Stuffed skull 9 2, Skin a®, Skin 8%, Skeleton a-h.8 Skins and skulls j. Skin & Skin 2. Skin m. Skin n. Skin, skull o. Skin p. Skin q. Skin 3 g 7-v. 5 Skins and skulls. w. Skin . #. Skin y» Skin z. Skin a, Skin 63, Skin e. Skin d*, Skin e*, Skin f?. Skin g3. Skin juv. ” ” 7-3-82 Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 Mergui, 14-12-82 Amherst, Tenasserim weeeee Malay peninsula Tenasserim »” Pegu Ramree Isle, Arrakan Tenasserim Taping R., Perak Malacca Singapore Malay peninsula Java ” , [Horsfield]} Borneo ” Tenasserim G. M. Giles, J. Anderson. Anderson. Anderson. Anderson. Armstrong. J. Armstrong. Purchased, 1877. Purchased, 1878. No history, A.S.B. W. Rutledge, 1870. A.S.B. Major Berdmore, A.S.B. W. T. Blanford, 1863, A.S.B. J. R. Abbott, 1844, A.S.B. F. Jenkins, 1845, A.S.B. Mus. Coll. (Jaffa), 1889, E. R. Alston [P.] W. Rutledge, 1872. E. Lindstedt, 1846, A.S.B. R. W.G. Frith, 1846, A.S.B. Mrs. Turnbull, 1857, A.S.B. India Mus., London., Batavian Soc. (1844) A.S.B. E. R. Alston [P.] E. R. Alston [P.] J. Wood Mason. J. J. J. J. Var. B.—giganteus. Sikkim Sikkim nr. Darjeeling, 6000 ft. a9 ”» Sikkim < Darjeeling terai, 4-69 Sikkim Assam Garo hills, 7-69 Samagooting, Assam Naga hills, Assam, Telbongo Peak, Naga hills, Dunsiri Valley, Assam Dirjunj R,, 'N. Cachar, L. Mandelli. L. Mandelli. W. G. Masson [P.] W. G. Masson [P.] H. J. Elwes [Ex.] J. Anderson, W. T. Blanford E.F. Smith (1859), A.S.B. J. Anderson. J. Butler. A. W. Chennell. A. W. Chennell. H. Godwin Austen, H. Godwin Austen. H. Godwin Austen. H. H. Godwin Austen, H, H. H. Sibsagar, Assam, 7-68 S. E. Peel. a” Goalpara, Assam, 8-68 7-68 S.E., Peel. H. L. Haughton, Momein, Yunnan, 6,000J. Anderson. . ft., 21-5-68. ” 7-68, ” J. Anderson. 10 MAMMALIA. 73, Skin Upper Burma C. Williams (1865). jy. Skin, skull ? Borneo E. R, Alston [P.] #3, Skin, skull Hertaag W. Rutledge. 7. Stuffed Darjeeling Capt. Bonnavia (1844), A.S.B. m2, Skull Sibsagar, Assam, 7-68 5S. E, Peel. n®, Skull Samagooting, Assam, J.. Butler. 10-75. o. Skull No history, A. S. B. p?. Skin @ Darjeeling, 8,000 ft. W. G. Masson [P.] q@. Skin i ‘ W. A. Darling (1881) 7, Skin Rungbee, Darjeeling J. Munro. Sciurus indicus. “Bombay Squirrel,” Pennant Synop. Mamm., 1771, p. 281. Sciurus indicus, Evxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 420 (1777) ; Anderson Anat Zool. Res., p. 222; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,v, p. 106; Thomas P. Z S., 1886, p. 60. Sciurus bombayanus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., p. 117 (1785)*. Sciurus maximus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 149 (1788); Elliot, Madr. Fourn., X, p. 217; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 156; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 287; id. Caz., p. 98, no. 307; Ferdon Mamm., p. 166; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. 49, 194; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 223. Sciurus purpureus, Zimmerman Spec. Geogr. Quadr., p. 518 (1788) ; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 868. Sciurus elphinstonii, Syzes, P. Z. S., p. 103 (1831) ; Horsjfield Cat. E. 1, Mus., p.157; Ferdon Mamm, p. 167. Sciurus malabaricus, Schinz Synop. Mamm., ii, p. 32 (1845); Ferdon Mamm., p. 166. ‘ The Indian Red Squirrel; Bengali, Kat beral; Hindustani, Jungli gilheri ; Kols, Kondeng ; Gonds, Perwarsti ; Hindi, Karrat ; Monghyr, Rasu or Ratuphar; Telegu, Bet-tidaté; Mahratta, Shekra; Canarese, Kesannalu. Distribution—The Indian peninsula generally, south of the Gangetic plains from Cuttack to. Travancore; has also been recorded from the Nepal Terai (Hodgson) and Manipur (Thomas). a. Skin, @ nr. Cuttack V. Ball (Ex.] &. Skin Travancore Purchased. ce. Skin, skull S. Malabar Rev. J. Baker (1859), A.S B. d. Skin ” Rev. J. Baker (1859), A.S.B. e. Skin Malabar E. R. Alston [P.] f. Skin Travancore Purchased. g. Skin Deccan [Sykes] India Mus., London. A. Skin, skull @ No history, A. S. B. j. Skin, skull No history A. S. B. é&. Skin isha J. Anderson. GSKin neti J. Anderson. m Skin ae Lord Northbrook. feeg. 4SKins fae W. Rutledge. 7. Skin g Para W. Rutledge. SCIURUS, II s. Stuffed S. Malabar Mrs, Turnbull, 1862, A.S.B. t. Stuffed, skull ae A.S.B. u. Stuffed edie Barrackpore Menagerie, wv. Stuffed, skull naa A.S.B. [A.S.B. w. Stuffed ae G. Sceva. x. Stuffed uanuea W. Rutledge, 1870. y- Skeleton, mted. a No history. zs. Skin g Tenmalai, S. Arcot, Museum Collector. a), Skin re) fe ‘a ” Museum Collector, 67, Skin @ Calathorpulay, Travan- Museum Collector. gore. Sciurus macrourus. Sciurus macrourus, Pennant Indian Zool., 1st ed. p. 31, pl. i (1769)*; Gray Ilustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xix; Blyth F A.S. B., xvi, p. 869; id. F. AS. B., xviii, p. 601; id. F. A. S. B., xx, p. 165; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 158; Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan., p. 49; Blyth $. A.S.B., xxiii, p.214; id. Caz., no. 313, p. 100; Ferdon Mamm., p. 168; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res,, p. 224. Sciurus ceylonicus, Erxleben Syst, Reg. An., p. 416 (1777). Sciurus ceilonensis, Boddaert Elench, Anim, p. 117 (1785)*. Sciurus maximus, Wagner Schreber Saugeth, Suppl., iii, p. 188 (1843) [pt.] Sciurus bicolor, apud. Schinz Syn. Mamm,, ii, p. 33 (1845). Sciurus tennentii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xviti, p. 600 (1849); id FA. S. B, xx, p. 165; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 50; Blyth Cat., no. 312, . 100. eters albipes, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 287 (1859); Blyth Cat., no. 314, . 100. Gears zeylanicus, Ray apud Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus,, v, p. 113 (1883). The Grizzled Squirrel ; Cingalese, Rookeeah or Dandoleyna. Distribution —The hill ranges of Southern India, Nilgiris, Shevaroys, and Ghauts of Travancore and Ceylon. a. Skin @ Shevaroy hills W. Daly 1889. 6. Skin Nilgiris R. Rollo, 1845, A.S.B. c. Skin Ceylon Columbo Mus, e. Stuffed, skull a E. F, Kelaart, A.S.B. f. Stuffed, skull 9 E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. {2 types of Sciurus tennentii, Blyth.] g. Stuffed Ceylon E. L, Layard, 1848, A.S.B ‘h. Stuffed ” E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. j» Stuffed a E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. k. Stuffed, juv. ,, E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. 1, Stuffed ” E, F. Kelaart, A.S.B. m. Skull i R. Templeton, 1846, A.S.B n. Skin a ay Zoological Gardens. Sciurus pygerythrus. Var, A.—typicus. Sciurus pygerythrus, Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool. (1832)*; id. Zool. ; Voy. aux Ind, Orient., Bélanger, p. 145, pl. vii (1845); Blyth F. AS. B. 12 MAMMALIA. xvi, p. 872 (note); id. % A. S. B., xvii, p. 345; id. F A, S. B., xxiv, p. 4753 Blyth Cat., no. 325, pe 103; Blyth F. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 227; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus.,v, Pe 124. Sciurus flavimanus, Schinz Synop. Mamm., ii, p. 34 (1845) [pt.] Sciurus caniceps pygerythrus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 69 (1886). Var. B.—blanford:. Sciurus blanfordi, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 333 (1862); id. FA. S. B., xxxii, p. 73; id. Ca#., no. 331, p. 104; id. 7. A. S, B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Anderson Anat, Zool, Res., p. 230, pl. xviii. Var. C.—phayret. Sciurus pygerythrus var., Blyth $. A. S. B., xvii, pt. 2, p. 345 (1848). Sciurus phayrei, Blyth F. A.S.B., xxiv, pp. 472, 476 (1885) ; id. F. A. S, B., xxviii, p. 275; id. F A. S.B., xxxi, p. 332; id. Caz., no. 330, p. 104; Peters P. Z. S., 1866, p. 429; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Blanford F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 160; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 230. Sciurus caniceps phayrei, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 69 (1886). Var. D.—griseimanus., Sciurus griseimanus, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 195 (1867); id. Rech, Mamm., p. 164; Anderson Anat, Zool. Res. p. 233. Sciurus inornatus Sciurus leucopus } Gray Ann. Mag. N. H, (3), XX, p. 282 (1867). Sciurus caniceps griseimanus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 69 (1886). Distribution.—The typical variety is found in Lower Burma and is apparently confined to the country round Rangoon and the Pegu revenue division; it is replaced in Upper Burma by two varieties, one distinguished by its very pale yellow ventral surface, which has never been named, and the other by its larger size, and its ventral surface of the same bright red as the typical variety (S. blanfordi); in Siam and Cambodia a third form is found of the same size as S, blanfordi but with a pale yellow ventral sur- face and markedly pale feet (S. griseimanus) ; a fourth form (S. phayrei) distinguished by the possession of a lateral black streak between the grizzled dorsal and yellow ventral surfaces is con- fined to the country between the Sittang and Salween apparently rivers inthe Tenasserim division of Lower Burma. Var, A.—ty picus. a. Skin, skull Burma C. Williams (1865). 6, Skin ” C. Williams (1865). e. Skin Rangoon Sir J. Fayrer (1857), A.S.B, d, Skin ” Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. e. Skin é a g-1-76. J. Armstrong. JF. Skin ” ‘a J. Armstrong. SCIURUS. 13 g. Skin Rangoon, 91-76. J. Armstrong, h. Skin ai i J. Armstrong, Jj. Stuffed Lower Pegu Major Berdmore (1847), A.S.B, &. Stuffed i ow Sir J. Fayrer (1857) A.S.B. 2, Skin Upper Burma. C. Williams (1865). m. Skin, skull ¢ Sagaing, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. ; : 3-10-68. nw. Skin ju. =, 5‘ si J. Anderson. : 3-10-68. v. Skin Q 4 ij rf J.-Anderson. a 3-10-68, é. Skin é Ava, Upper Burma. J. Anderson, ; 4-10-68. q. Skin ge 4 i Fi J. Anderson, 4-10-68, 7. Skin, skele- ton ¢ Kabwet, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 9-1-75- s. Ale. juv. Mandalay Sir P. Sladen, 1860. Var. B.—blanfordt. a. Stuffed, skull Ava. W. T. Blanford (1862), A.S.B. [Type of S, blanfordi of Blyth.] 6. Skin } @ Pudeepyo, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. Skeleton 10-1-75. Var. C.—phayrei. a. Skin, skull | Martaban E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. 6. Stuffed, skull * E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. c. Stuffed , E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. @. Skull eae No history, A.S.B. e. Skeleton Upper Burma. J. Anderson, : Var, D.— griseimanus. «, Skin, skull @ Cochin China Paris Mus, [Ex.] [Jullien 1874]. 6, Skin Cochin China, 8-67, Paris Mus. [Ex.]. Sciurus caniceps. Sciurus — ? Blyth F. A. S. B., x. p. 920 (1841). Sciurus caniceps, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Horsfield Cat, E. I, Mus., p. 155; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xlvil, p. 161; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 229; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 122; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 68; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 340. : Sciurus chrysonotus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi., p. 873 (1847) ; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p.159; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 474; id. F. A. S, B., xxxi, p- 334; id. Caz., no. 323, p. 103; Peters P. 2. S., 1866, p. 429; Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), i, p. 152. 14 MAMMALIA. Sciurus concolor, Blyth $. A. S, B., xxiv, p. 474 (1855); id. #. A. S. B., xx, p. 166; id, Cat., NO. 324, p. 103. Macroxus caniceps, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), XX, p. 280 (1867). Distribution :—Tenasserim, from the Moulmein district in the north through the Malay peninsula to Malacca. This species, like the other Burma squirrels, varies considerably ; the specimens from about Moulmein, whence came the original type of Sciurus chrysonotus, have the back suffused with bright orange yellow during the breeding season, which takes place during the cold months from October to February; the specimens from Mergui further south do not seem to undergo a seasonal change, but have the sides of the neck instead of the back tinged with bright yellow; further south still the specimens from Perak have only a slight tinge of orange on the back and no cheek patches, and this form agrees very well with the specimen from Malacca, the type of S. concolor. a. Skin, skull Q Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood. é. Skin i ai T. H. Hood. e. Skin i oF T. H. Hood. d, Skin é a a T. H. Hood. e. Skin 3 5 T. H. Hood. Sf. Skin a5 . T.H. Hood. ° g. Skin Q ‘i ie T. H. Hood. kh, Skin a - T. H. Hood. j. Skin ‘i . T. H. Hood. &. Skin Mergui Major Berdmore (1854), A S.B. t, Skin Lampee, Mergui, Jj. Anderson. 10-1-82 m. Skin Q Pilai, Mergui, 7-3-82 J. Anderson. n. Skin 9 Tiboo Padan, Mergui, J. Anderson. 8-2-82 J. Anderson, o. Skin 2 Pilai, Mergui, 6-3-82 J. Anderson, bp. Skin Q Pilai » 773-82 J. Anderson. q. Skin Q Mergui, 23-3-82 J. Anderson, 7. Skin g »-:13-12-81 J. Anderson. s. Skin,skull ¢ » 1312-81 J. Anderson. #, Skin ,, es 14-10-81 J. Anderson, u. Skin Perak Mus. Coll., Jaffa (1889). v. Skin ie Mus. Coll., Jaffa (1889) w. Skin, skull. Malacca G. Moxon (1847), A.S.B. [Type of S. concolor of Blyth.] x. Skin No history A.S.B. y. Stuffed Amherst, Tenasserim J. Armstrong (1877) gs. Stuffed, skull. er i J. Armstrong (1877). a®. Stuffed Tenasserim E. O’Reilly (1850), A.S.B. 63. Stuffed es E. O'Reilly (1850), A.S.B. cn Stuffed 5 Rey. J. Barbe (1846), A.S.B. @*, Stuffed i Rev. J. Barbe, (1846), A.S.B. [The above four specimens were the types of S. chrysonotus ,Blyth.] ef, 2 Alc. Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood (1872) gk, 4 Alc, Moulmein J. Wood Mason, SCIURUS. 15 Sciurus atrodorsalis. ? Sciurus flavimanus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil, Mag. de Zool. (1832)* ; id. Zool. Voy. aux Ind. Orient. Bélanger, p. 148; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 872. Sciurus atrodorsalis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Blyth $. A. S.B., xvi, p. 872; id. ¥. A. S. B., xvii, p. 345; 1d. F A. S. B,, xviii, p. 602; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus., p. 184; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 477; id. F. ALS. B., xxviii, p, 276; id. F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 333; id. Cat. no. 334, p. 105; Peters P. Z. S., 1866, p 428; Blanford Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), i, p.152; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Blanford, F.A.S. B., xlvil, p. 159 3 Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 233; Fentink Notes Leyd., Mus.,v, p.122 (pt.); Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 70. Sciurus hyperythrus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 474 (1855); id. ¥. A. S.B., XXxi, Pp. 333; id. Cat., no 321, p. 102. Distribution.—This squirrel has only been found in North Ten- asserim, and apparently only to the east of the Salween river ; the localities given in the list below “ Lower Pegu” and “‘ east of the Irrawaddy river” are somewhat vague and do not seem to be quite reliable. a-e. 5 Skins South of Irrawaddy T. H. Hood and Mus, Coll. f-l. 6 Skins Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood, m-n. 2 Skins @ ¥ 4 T. H. Hood o-p, 2Skins Q - " T, H. Hood q-a%, 11 Skins is i T. H. Hood 2, Skin si . T. H. Hood c?, Skin i is J. Armstrong. @, Skin Mooleyet range, Tenas- Purchased. serim. é*, Skin +s 5; fF Purchased. f?. Skin 45 a a J. Anderson (1870). g?. Stuffed Moulmein S. R. Tickell, A.S.B. i, Stuffed $5 W. S. Atkinson, A. S. B. jy. Stuffed iF W.S. Atkinson, A. S. B. k?. Stuffed 3 J. Armstrong. Pn, 3Stuffed Lower Pegu. J. Armstrong. o*, Stuffed Tenasserim. Major Berdmore (1852), A. [Type of S. hyperythus, Blyth.] Pres ai } & Moulmein dist. T. H. Hood. 0%, 4 Skeletons, alt 4 ae ‘ie 9 » T. H. Hood, 2 w, al } i T. H. Hood, x-y3, 2 Alc. East of Irrawady T. H. Hood, 2", Stuffed Moulmein W. S. Atkinson, A.S.B. a’.b°, 2 Alc. No history. Sciurus erythrzus. Scirurus erythrzus, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir. p. 377 (1778); Blyth, F.A.S.B., xvi, p. 872; id., FA. S. B., xxiv, p. 473 ; id. Cat, no. 318, p. 102; | 16 MAMMALIA. Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 236; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v. p. 119 ; Thomas P. Z, S., 1886, p. 61. Sciurus hippurus, afud McClelland and Horsfield P.Z.S.,p. 151 (1839); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 154. Sciurus erythrogaster, Slyth $. A. S.B., xi, p.970 (1842); id. ¥. A. S. B,, xvi, p. 871; id. F. A. S. B, xxiv, p. 473; id. Cat., no, 320, p. 102, Macroxus erythrogaster, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xx, p. 283 (1867) [pt.] Macroxus punctatissimus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), Xx, p. 283 (1867). Sciurus gordoni, Anderson P,Z.S.,p.140 (1871); Blyth F.A.S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 240, pl. xix. Distribution —Assam from the Garo hills eastwards, Cachar, Manipur, and Upper Burma. This species, like the other grizzled squirrels, is an exceedingly variable one, so that it is difficult to say whether it should be treated as a single or as several species; the form in the Garo hills is dis- tinguished at once by its bright red tail of the same colour as the ventral surface (S. erythreus Pallas apud Blyth) in the list of specimens “a.” to “h” and “2?.” Eastwards in the Naga hills and about Samagooting the red tail-tip becomes black, specimens “7” to“u” in the list; southward a little in Cachar and Mani- pur the whole dorsal surface becomes very much darker, so that the extreme forms are almost black, this form: was named S. erythrogaster by Blyth and Macroxus punctatissimus by Gray, the specimens are lettered from ‘“v” to “a? ”; in Assam proper, the valley of the Brahmapootra, the original Garo hill form is found without any trace of the black tail at all, specimens “ b?” to “g?” finally, in Upper Burma a form is found resembling the Assam variety, but distinguished by generally possessing a narrow median line of the same colour as the back running between the bright chestnut of the rest of the ventral surface ; this was described by Anderson as a distinct species under the name of S. gor- doni, and is represented in the list by specimens lettered ‘‘h?” to “72.” As in several of the Assam specimens there are traces of this ventral line, there does not seem to be any reason why S. gordoni should remain distinct. a-b. 2Skins, g Garo hills. J. Anderson. & skulls, c. Skin By) i H. H. Godwin Austen. d. Skin & Dorengo, Garo hills. Museum Collector. ef. 2Sking — —avnss A. W. Chennell. &-h. 2 Stuffed Cherrapoonjee, Khasia hills F. Skipwith (1857), A.S.B. j-m 4 Se East Naga hills, 4-8-75. H. H. Godwin Austen. 1 skull. m. Skin, skull Dimapur, Naga hills, 19-4- H. H. Godwin Austen. 3 o-p. 2 nar rs H. H. Godwin Austen. > see q. Skin Samagooting, Assam, J. Butler, r-u. 4 Skins, Naga hills. A. W. Chennell. 3d 1 SCIURUS. 17 v, Skin Assam A, W. Chennell. w. Skin, gf ma A. W. Chennell. skull. way, 2 Skins, g Sylhet Zoological Gardens, 1 skull. 8. Skin Chittagong J. M. Lister. a’, Stuffed Manipur C. S. Guthrie (1842), A. . [Type of S. erythrogaster of Blyth]. 2.¢2, 2 Skins g Dikrang, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen. @, Skin Toruputu, Duffla hills H. H. Godwin Austen, é. Skin ree H. H. Godwin Austen, f*-g?. 2 Skins, Assam F. Day [P.], 1876. 2 skulls h?, Skin 9 Bhamo Burma, 23-2-68 J]. Anderson. j?-, 2 Stuffed si i 24-2-68 J. Anderson. 2, Skin é@ Sagaing,Burma, 4-10-68 J. Anderson. (Four last are types of S. gordoni of Anderson. ] me", 3 Skins, 9 Bhamo, Burma,3-3-75 J. Anderson. 3 skulls oo 2% Skin, 9 Sawaddy, Burma, J. Anderson, skeleton. 31-1-75. . q-7*, 2Skins g 2nd Defile, Irrawad- J. Anderson. and skulls. dy, 5-3-75. s*. Skeleton 9 Bhamo, Burma J. Anderson, #2, Skeleton East Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen. w?-v3, 2 Skulls = Upper Burma J. Anderson. w?, Skeleton Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen. x.y, 2 Stuffed Assam F. Jenkins (1847), A.S.B,. uv, 28n2, Skin Shillong | T. la Touche. Sciurus castaneoventris. Sciurus castaneoventris, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 90; id. Cat, Mam., no. 322, p. 102; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 1870, pp. 231, 633: Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 238; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 123. s ‘Sciurus griseopectus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 873 (1847); id. F¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 4743; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 634; id. P. Z. S., 1872, p. 818. Sciurus erythraus, apud Swinhoe P, Z. S., p.357 (1862). Distribution,—Western China and the islands of Formosa and Hainan. This form does not seem in any way separable from S. eryth- reus; it more especially resembles the Assam variety of the pre- ceding species, a. Stuffed China ‘Rajah R. Mullick (1847), A.S.B. [Type of S. griseopectus of Blyth.] 6. Stuffed,skull Amoy, China, R. Swinhoe (1860), A.S.B. Cc 18 MAMMALIA. Sciurus sladeni. Sciurus sladeni, Anderson P. Z.S., p. 139 (1871); Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv,’ Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 242, pl. xx. Sciurus atrodorsalis, apud Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus , v, p. 122 (1883). Distribution.—Upper Burma ; the type was from Thigyain, a town on the Irrawaddy between Mandalay and Bhamo. a. Stuffed, skull Thigyain, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 18-1-68. [Type of S. sladeni, Anderson.] 2. Stuffed Thigyain, Upper Burma J Anderson. c-d. 2 Stuffed Upper Burma C. Williams (1864), AS.B. e. Skull Thigyain, Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 18-1-68, Sciurus hippurus. Sciurus hippurus, Js. Geof. St. Hil. Etud. Zool., i, no. 6, pl. vi (1832.)*; id. Zool. Voy. aux Indes orient. Bélanger, p. 149 (1834); Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 92 ;-Cantor $. A. S. B. xv, p. 249 [pt.] ; Blyth F. A. S. B. xvi, p. 871; id, F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 473; id. Cat, no, 319, p. 102; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 241; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 118; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 76. Sciurus rufogaster, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842). Distribution.—The Malay peninsula from Klang southwards, Sumatra, Java and-Borneo; Miller and Schlegel also give Canton, but this is probably a mistake. a. Skin Borneo E.R. Alston [P.} b. Stuffed Malacca R. W. G. Frith (1844), A.S.B. c. Stuffed a R. W. G. Frith (1844), A.S.B. Sciurus lokroides. Sciurus lokroides, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., v, p. 232 (1836); id. ¥. A. S. B, x, P- 915 ; McClelland P. Z.S., 1839, p- 152; Ogilby Royle’s Himal. Bot., p- Ixvii; Walker Calc, Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266; Blyth F. A. S. B, xvi, pp. 873, 877; id. ¥. A. S. B., xviii, pt.i, p. 603; Horsfield Cat. E. I.\Mus., P- 153; Blyth F. A. S. B. xxiv, p. 475; Blyth Cat., no. 328, p. 104; Ferdon Mamm.,, p. 169; Blanford P. A. S. B., 1875, p. 198; Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 247; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 119; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 61. Sciurus assamensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 143 (1843) [pt.1; Horsfeld Cat. E. 1. Mus., p. 183; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 475; id. Caz., no. 326, P. 103; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 37. Sciurus blythii, Tytler Ann. Mag. N. H.(2), xiv, ps 172 (1854). Macroxus similis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xx, p. 281 (1867). Distribution —From Nepal eastwards through the Himalayas to Assam and southwards through Manipur to Arakan, Preparis Island and Upper Burma, a. Skin Nepal, 26-2-77 J. Scully. &. Skin Hetoura, Nepal, 17-12-77 J. Scully. e-d. 2Skins and Sikkim H. J. Elwes [Ex.] skulls, ef. 2 Skins g- Skin, skull, g [black var.] h-k. 3 Skins @ in, 3 Skins o-p. 2 Skins gq. Skin vy. Skin, skull s. Skin 40 10 10 t. Skin, skull u-v. 2 Skins w-y. 3 Skins, skull © 3-b%. 3 Skins c.f. 4 Skins ¢ Q gt. 3 Skins, : skull. R-n?, 4 Skins juv. o-r3, 4 Skins s’, Skin é 22, Skin, skull u?-w?, 3 Skins, skulls. x®, Skin, skull y*. Skin 2, Skin é a’-b8, 2 Skins c3, Skin a3, Skin, skele- ton, e®-g8. 3 Stuffed A378. 2 Stuffed 28-18, 2 Stuffed mi.n3, 2 Stuffed 08, Stuffed p®. Skull g’. Skull 7, Skull st-v8, 4 Skulls w’, Skin «8, Alc. wy. Alc. 23, Alc. a‘, Alc. 44, Alc. é Zool, Res. p» 254 -SCIURUS, Darjeeling, 6,500 ft. Sikkim Darjeeling, 4,000 ft. Darjeeling terat Sikkim” Darjeeling ” Dacca Lushai country Garo hills Naga hills ” ” Samagooting, Assam ” Manipur hills Harmutti Dikrang, Assam. Bhamo, Burma, 6-2-68 Arakan Jergo Isle, Arakan Coast. Preparis Isle, Bay of Bengal, 3°73. Preparis, Isle, Bay of Bengal _ Amherst Isle, Arakan Coast. Sikkim Naga hills Darjeeling Assam Arakan Nowakot dist., Nepal, 27-11-77 Darjeeling Bhootan E. Naga hills Cachar Preparis Isle Darjeeling veeeee 19 W. T. Blanford. L. Mandelli, W. G. Masson (P.] J Anderson, J. Anderson, J. Anderson, J. Anderson. C. S. Bonnevie (1848), A.S.B. Mus. Collector. Mus. Collector. J. Anderson, H. H. Godwin Austen, A. W. Chennell. J. Butler. J. Butler. H. H. Godwin Austen. H_H. Godwin Austen. J. Anderson, Mus. Collector. G. M. Giles, V. Ball [Ex.] F. Stoliczka. J. Armstrong. Li. Mandellt. H. H. Godwin Austen, E. Blyth (1851), A.S.B, C. S. Bonnevie (1848), A.S.B. F. Jenkins (1846), A.S.B. Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. A. Grote, A.S.B. J. Scully. A.S.B. Dr. Pemberton. No history. H. H. Godwin Austen, - N. Belletty (1872.) F. Stoliczka W. T. Blanford. No history. No history, Sciurus chinensis. Sciurus chinensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 144 (1843); Hovsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 159; Swinkoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 634; Anderson Anat. C 2 20 MAMMALIA, Distribution—South China. a@ Skin, skull China [J. Reeves] J. Anderson. Sciurus tenuis. Sciurus tenuis, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824); Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 250; Blyth F. A. S. B,, xvi, p. 874; id. F. A. Ss. B., XX, pe 166 ; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 153; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, Pp. 476; id. Cat., no. 329, p.104; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 255} Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 125; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 76. : Sciurus affinis, Horsfield (nec. Raffles) Zool. Res. (1824); id. Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 156. : Sciurus modestus, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 96, pl. xxiv (1844); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 476; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res, P. 253- Distribution —The Malayan peninsula and the islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Pulo Panjang in the Gulf of Siam; Miiller and Schlegel recorded it from China: this, however, is probably a mistake. a. Skin, skull, Q Perak, Mus. Collector (Jaffa) : 6. Skin, skull Malacca[A. R. Wallace] British Mus. [Ex.} ce. Skin, skull Java Batavian Soc. (1844), A.S.B. Sciurus lokriah. Sciurus lokriah, Hodgson F. A. S.B.,v, p 232 (1836); McClelland P.Z.S., 1839, p- 151; Ogilby Royle’s Himal. Bot. p. |xvii; Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p.915; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., \st ed., p. 23; Blyth F. A. S. B, xvi, p- 873; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 153; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p- 475; id. Cat., no. 327, p. 104; Ferdon Mamm, p. 169; Blyth F A.S.By xliv, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 250; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,v, p 120; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 61. Sciurus subflaviventris, Gray List Mamm. B, M., p. 144 (1843); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 152 Nepalese, Lokria; Bhotea, Zhamo; Lepcha, Killi tingdong. Distribution—From Nepal eastwards to the Naga hills and Assam ; is also found in the Arakan hills; it is found at a higher elevation apparently than Sciurus lokroides. This species can be at once distinguished from Sciurus lokriah by the white tuft of hair behind the ear-conch and by its brighter ventral surface. a, Skin, Q Sheopuri Ridge, Nepal J. Scully. Valiey, t9-6-78. b-c. 2Skins, g Sheopuri Ridge, Nepal J. Scully. Valley, 14-2-78. d. Skin, Sisagutu, Nepal, J. Scully. 27-12-77. e. Skin, skull Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. f. Skin, Darjeeling J. Anderson. g. Skin, @ Sikkim L. Mandelli A. Skin, juv. Darjeeling Mrs, Oakes (1843), A.S.B, SCIURUS., ar g. Skin, Naga hills H. H Godwin Austen, 2, Skin, i “i A. W. Chennell. 2. Skin, juv. Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S. B, m-n. 2 Stuffed, Nepal Mrs. Oakes, A. S. B. o. Skull, aeons No history, A. S. B. é. Skin, Shillong, Assam T. la Touche, Sciurus rufigenis. Sciurus rufigenis, Blanford P A. S. B., p. 72 (1878); id. F. A. S. B, xlvii, p. 156, pls. vii, vili; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 71. © Sciurus lokriah, apud Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 120 (1883). Disirtbution.—This species has only been found hitherto on the slopes of Mt. Mooleyet to the east of Moulmein in Tenasserim at an elevation of about 5,000 ft. [No specimens in the Museum. ] Sciurus alstoni. Sciurus alstoni, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 252, pl. xxi (1878); Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., p. 118, Distribution —The type and only specimen known is said to have come from Borneo. a, Skin Borneo? Purchased. (Type of S. alstoni, Anderson.] Sciurus melanotis. Sciurus soricinus, Waterhouse Cat. Mamm, Mus, Zool. Soc., p. 46 (1838) ; Anderson Anat. Zooi. Res., p. 265; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus, v,p. 131. Sciurus melanotis, Miller and Schlegel Tem, Verhandl., p. 98, pl. xiv, figs. 4, 5 (1839-44). Distribution.—Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and Banka. Maller’s name is the correct one for this squirrel since Water- house gave no description, but only named it in his catalogue of the Museum of the Zoological Society. a, Skin Sarawak (Wallace) E. R. Alston [P.] Sciurus quinquestriatus. ‘arus quinquestriatus, Anderson P. Z. S., p. 142, pl. x. (1871); Blyth ers s B. aly, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., ps 266 ; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus, v. p 123- : Distribution.—This species has been found only in the Kakhyen hills in Yunnan on the Burmese border. a-b, 2 Skins, Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson. 2 skulls, 3,200 ft., 4-3-68. 22 MAMMALIA. e. Skin Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J, Anderson. 3,200 ft., 18-4-68. d. Stuffed Ponsee, Kakhyen hills. J, Anderson. 3,000 ft., 24-2-68. [Type of S. quinquestriatus, Anderson. ] Sciurus ferrugineus. Sciurus finlaysoni, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824); id. Cat. Z. J. Mus., p. 154; Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), i, p. 152. ste ar ‘ Sciurus ferrugineus, F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr.lix, with plate (1829) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 332; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, Pp. 40, 195; Blyth Cat., no, 317, p. 101; id. F. A. S. B,, xliv, Burma List, p. 36; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res. p. 243. Sciurus keraudrenii, Lesson, Cent. Zool., p. 11, pl. i (1830); Blyth $. A. S.B., xvi, p. 872; id. F. A. S.B., xxiv, p. 474 ; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., - 156. Schurus splendidus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p, 263 (1842). Sciurus cinnamoneus, Temminck Esquis, Zool., p. 250 (1853). Sciurus siamensis, Gray, P. Z. S., p 478 (1859) ; id. P. Z. S., 1861, p. 137. Sciurus splendens, Gray P. Z. S.. p. 137 (1861). ; Sciurus germani, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 193 (1867). Sciurus bocourti, A. Milne Edwards Rev, Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 193 (1867). Seas leucogaster, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 196 (1867). Distribution.—Arakan and Pegu eastwards; is spread through Siam and Cambodia to the Island of Pulo Condor. All the specimens in the Museum, except one of the entirely black variety [S. germani Milne Edw.], belong to the typical S. ferru- gineus of a pure red colour with black feet and a white tail-tip; the various other forms of the species to which the larger number of the synonyms above have been applied are a!] Siamese and Cambodian forms; the types of these supposed species were ex- amined by Anderson, who came to the conclusion that they were all accidental or geographical varieties. a, Skin Arakan Museum Collector. 6. Skin, skull Rangoon [H. Fielden] E.R. Alston [P.] e-d. 2 Skins, skull Burma C. Williams (1865), A.S.B. e. Skin 4 E. R. Alston [P.] J. Skin, skull. No history, A. S. B. g-h. 2 Stuffed. Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1845), A.S.B. j-k. 2 Stuffedg 9 Syriam, Pegu. 1-76 J. Armstrong Var. germant, a, Skin, Pulo Condor Isle, Paris Mus, [Ex.] Cambodia. (M. Germain, Col.j SCIURUS. 23 Sciurus badging. ? Sciurus notatus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., p. 119 (1785) * Sciurus badging, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd. p. 269 (1792)*; Thomas : P. Z.S., 1886, p.76; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 27. Sciurus plantani, Ljuugh Kongl. Vettens, Akad. N. Handl., xxii, p. 90, pl. i. (1801); Horsfield Zool, Res., with plate, 1824; id. Cat., E. I. Mus., Pp. 151; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 267; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., V, p. 133+ ao a var. “ Plantane Squirrel,” Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt.i, p. 147 1801). Sciurus bilineatus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist, Nat., x, p. 106 (1817). Sciurus bivittatus, Desmarest Mamm. Suppl., p. 543 (1820) ; Horsfield Zool. Res., 1824. Sciurus vittatus, Raffes Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 259 (1822); F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm., with plate; Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl. Pp. 94; Cantor F. A.S.B., xv, p. 250; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p 872, Horsfield Cat. £, I. Mus., p. 152; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 476; id. Cat., no. 332, p. 104; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 266. Sciurus nigrovittatus, Horsfield Zool. Res, (1824) ; Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl, p.95; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv,p. 250; Blyth F¥. A. S.B., xvi, p. 872; Horsfeld Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 152; Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xxiv, p. 476; id. Cat., no. 333, p- 105. Sciurus griseiventer, Js, Geof. St. Hil, Zool. Voy. aux Indes orient. Bélanger, Pp. 147 (1834). Distribution —The Malay peninsula and the Islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo; also Canton according to Miller. a. Skin, Q Taping River, Perak Mus. Collector. & Skin, skull Malacca F. Stoliczka. c. Skin. Malay peninsula Rev. F. Lindstedt, A. S. B. a. Skin, & West Java Purchased. [Wallace, 1861]. e. Skin, Fr ‘5 i Purchased. Sf. Skin. @ Sarawak Purchased. (Wallace, 1854]. g. Skin. ¢ E. R. Alston [ P. ] A. Skin, skull. @ W. Rutledge. j. Skin, skeleton 2 Zoological Gardens. & Skull, skull. A.S.B. len, 3 Stuffed. Malay peninsula. G. Moxon, A.S.B. o-p. 2 Stuffed. a a3 E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. q. Skin, skeleton Zoological Gardens. Sciurus prevostii. Sciurus prevostii, Desmarest Mamm, p. 335 (1820); Waterhouse P. Z. S. 1842, p.116; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 269; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., V, p. 31; id. ibid, xi, p.27; Thomas, P. Z. S., 1886, p. 76. Sciurus rafflesii, Vigors and Horsjfield, Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 113, pl. iv. (1828) ; Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., P.93;, Cantor. FAS. B,, xv, p. 248; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 871; Temminck Esquiss. Zool., p. 242; Blyth F. A. S. B. xxiv, p. 472; id. Caz, no. 315, p. 101. Sciurus redimitus, Boon Mensch, N. Verhandl. Nederl. Inst., ii, p. 243, with plate (1829)*; Temminck Esquiss, Zool., p. 245; Blyth FA. S. B., xxiv, p. 472; id. Cat., no. 316, p. 101. ciurus rufogularis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. A, x, p. 263 (1842). Siurus rufonigra, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H, x, p. 263 (1842). 24 MAMMALIA. Sciurus erythromelas, Temminck Esquiss. Zool., p. 248 (1853). ; Sciurus prevostii, var. sumatrana, var. bangkana and var. bornensis, S, atricapillus, and S. erythrogenys, Schlegel Nederl. Tijdsch, i, pp. 25-29, 1, i, 11 (1863). 3 ee rafflesii, Macroxus sarawakensis, Macroxus pluto, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), XX, pp. 277; 283, (1867). Distrtbution—The Malay peninsula, Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, Borneo and Celebes. a, Skin Malacca E.R. Alston [P.] 6. Skin Q Matang, 9-70 E. R. Alston (P.] c-d, 2Skins é@ Borneo E.R. Alston [P.] and skulls. e. Skin, skeleton cee Zoological Gardens, f. Stuffed and Malacca A. Charlton, A. S. B. skull. g. Stuffed and 4 R. W.G. Frith, A. S. B. skull. h. Stuffed Borneo Batavian Soc. (1844) A.S.B. jy» Ale. é ssa Zoological Gardens. k. Ale. g bes wen O. L, Fraser. Sciurus palmarum. Sciurus palmarum, Linnaeus Syst. Nat. rath ed., i, p. 86 (1766); Sykes P. Z. S., 1831, p. 103; Waterhouse Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, 1837, p. 406; Elliot Madr. Ffourn., x, p. 216 {pt.]; Ogilby Royle Him. Bot., p. Ixvii 5 Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 573; Hutton, F. A.S.B., xv. p. 168. Blyth $. A. S.B., xvi, 874; id. FAS. B., xx, p. 166; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 152; Blyth Cat., no. 339, p- 106; Ferdon Mamm., p.170 McMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. 50, 196; Stolicska F. A. S.B., xli, p, 228; Rainey P. A. S. B., 1875, p. 159; Blanford Persia, p. 50; Anderson Anat Zool. Res., p. 257; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 138; Murray Zool. Sind., p. 42; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p.'56. Sciurus penicillatus, Leach. Zool. Misc., 1, p. 6, pl. i (1814)* ; Horsefild Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 152. : : The Palm squirrel; Hindustani, Gilheri; Bengali, Beral or Lakki; Mahratta, Kharri; Canarese, Alalu; Telegu, Vodata; Waddurs, Urta. Distribution —The Palm squirrel is found all over the penin- sula of India from the terai region of the Himalayas southwards ; westwards it has been got by Blanford at Pishin in Persian Balu- chistan, and eastwards it does not seem to occur beyond Calcutta ; it is also said to be absent from the east coast country about the Northern Circars and from Malabar. a. Skin Q Pishin, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. J-2-72. b. Stina Bichiakoh, Nepal terai, J. Scully. ; 21-12-77. e-d. 2 Skins = g Manbhoom Mus. Collector (1866), e. Skin Calcutta E. Blyth (1842), A.S, B, f-g. 2Skins ¢ % J. Anderson. &, Skin, & Botanical Gardens J. Anderson (1870). skull. SCIURUS. 25 j. Skin nr. Chanda, C, P., 6-5-67 Museurn Collector. &, Skin, skull Hyderabad H. Gould (1855), A. S. B. 2. Skin uavaee E. R. Alston, [P.] m. Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth (1842), A. S. B, n. Ale. Rajanpur, Punjab. E. Saunders, o. Alc. Sie tes O. L, Fraser,. (white var.) Sciurus tristriatus, Sciurus tristriatus, Waterhouse Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 496 (1837); id, P.Z.S., 1839, p. 118; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, pp. 874,1001; id. ¥. A. S. B., xviii, p. 601; id. ¥ A.S. B., xx, p. 166; Kelaart Prodr, Faun, Zeylan., Pp. 51; Blyth Cat., no. 340, p. 106; F$erdon Mamm., p. 171; Anderson Anat, Zool, Res., p. 258; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus. v, p. 137. Sciurus palmarum, apud Elliot, Madr. Four n., x, p. 216 (1839) (pt.] Sciurus penicillatus, afud Gray, List Mamm. B. M., p. 141 (1841). Sciurus brodiei, ae F.A.S.B., xviii, p. 602 (1849); id. F. A. S.B., xx, p. 166; id. ¥. A. S. B, xxi, p. 350; Layard Ann, Mag. N. H. (2), ix, p- 335; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., Pp» 53. Sciurus kelaarti, Layard F, A. S. B., xviii, p. 602 (1849) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 166; id. ¥. A. S. B. xxi, p. 380 ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. §3: Sciurus dussumierii, ‘A, Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), xix, p. 226 (1867). Cingalese, Leyna. Distribution—Sikkim Himalayas, Midnapore and through Cen- tral and Southern India and Ceylon, especially in forest country ; it does not appear to be found in the low country round Madras. The specimens lettered ‘“‘a,” “g” and “h” in the list below from Sikkim and Travancore respectively, differ considerably from the rest of the specimens, and perhaps might be considered to form a distinct variety ; the dorsal stripes which are particularly conspi- cuous in all the other specimens in these abovementioned ones are reduced to insignificance, a. Skin Sikkim H. J. Elwes [Ex.] é-c. 2 Skins Midnapore, Bengal E. Blyth, A. S. B. ad. Skin nr. Ranchi, 18-5-70 W. T. Blanford. e. Skin, skull Trombay Isle, Bombay, H. H. Godwin Austen. 21-1-75. ; Ff. Skin Kalakhul, 25-2-75. H. H. Godwin Austen, gh. 2 Skins Travancore. Purchased. gj» Skin Ceylon. R. Templeton, A. S. B. k. Skin 5 E. L. Layard (1845), A. S. B. [The above two are types of S. kelaarti, Layard.] 2, Skin Ceylon. E. F. Kelaart (1850), A. S. B. m. Skin ii Columbo Museum, n-q. 4 Skins, skull eats F, Day [P.J vy. Skin senses No history. s. Stuffed Ceylon E. L. Layard, A. S. B. [Type of S. brodei, Blyth.] t-u, 2 Stuffed aie as No history, A. S. B. v. Skull ooeeee No history, 26 MAMMALIA. Sciurus sublineatus. Sciurus sublineatus, Waterhouse P.Z.S., p. 19. (1838); Blyth F. A. S. B.,, xvi, p. 878; Horsfield Cat. E. J. UM, p.151; Blyth Cat., no. 342, p. 107; Ferdon Mamm., p. 173; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 260; Fentinkg Notes Leyd, Mus., v, p. 136. Sciurus delesserti, Gervais Bull. Soc. Philom. (dans. I’Instit, Fourn, Gen. des Soc. Sci.) rst sect., no. 386 (1841)*; Blyth F A. S. B., xi, p. 880; Guérin Méniville Fourn. d’un Voyage dans l'Inde (Delessert), - 18, pl. iii*. Sclurus tdlineatls) Waterhouse apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 165 (1851) Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 54. Distribution.—The hills of Southern India and Ceylon. a, Skin Nilgiris T. C. Jerdon (1844), A.S.B. 6, Skin Malabar Rev. J. Baker (1859), A.S.B. c. Skin, skull Ceylon E, F. Kelaart (1857), A.S.B. ri Sciurus layardi. Sciurus layardi, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xviii, p. 602 (1849); Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. $3; Layard Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), ix, p. 335; Blyth Cat., no. 341, p. 107; Fferdon Mamm., p. 172; Anderson Anat. Zool Res., p- 260. Distribution —Travancore hills and the highlands of Ceylon. This squirrel is considered by Jentink to be identical with S, tristriatus, from which it differs however markedly in that the yellow dorsal streak extends a very much shorter distance both anteriorly and posteriorly, and the ventral surface is a bright chest- nut instead of a very pale yellow, so that unless intermediate forms are found it would certainly be better to keep them apart. a, Skin skull Ambegamoa hills, E. L. Layard (1843), A.S.B.- Ceylon. (Type of S. layardi, Blyth.] Sciurus berdmorei., Sciurus berdmorei, Blyth F. A. S. B., xviii, p. 603; id.. ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p: 418; id. F. A. S.B., xxxi, p. 333; id. Cat., no. 338, p. 106; id. F A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 37; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 261; Fentink Notes Leyd .Mus.,v, p. 137, (1861) ; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p.71 ; Anderson $. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 340. Sciurus mouhotii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 137 (1861); Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xvii, p. 162. ae aa A, Milne Edwards Rev, Mag. Zool, (2), xix, p, 225 (1867). Distribution.—Tenasserim from Martaban to Mergui; also Cam- bodia and Cochin China. a-b. 2Skins g Q nr.Martaban, Tenasserim E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. e. Skin Thaing, Mergui, 28-1-82 J. Anderson, SCIURUS. 27 a. Skin, skull Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 J. Anderson e. Skull sehews A.S.B. Sciurus macclellandi, Sciurus macclellandii, Horsfield P. Z.S., p. 152 (1839); Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xvi, p. 875; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 151; id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 113; Gray P. Z, S., 1861, p. 137; Swinhoe P. Z. S,, 1862, P- 357; Blyth Cat., no. 344, p. 107; $erdon Mamm., p. 173; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 232, 634; id. P. Z.S., 1872, p. 818; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 263; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 139; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, pp. 61, 71. Sciurus pembertonii, Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 887 (1842). Sciurus barbei, Blyth ¥, A. S.B., xvi, p. 875 (1847); id. FA. S. B., xviii, p- 603; id. Cat., no, 343, p. 107; Blyth FA. S. B., xliv, Burma List, Pp. 38; Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 164. Tamias leucotis, Temminck Esquis. Zool. p. 252 (1852). Sciurus rodolphii, A, Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool., xix, p. 227 (1867). Sciurus macclelandii var. swinhoei, Milne Edwards Rech, Mamm., p. 308, (1868-71). Lepcha, Kalli gangdin. Distribution.—Sikkim and Assam, extending eastwards through Thibet and the Chinese provinces of Kiangsi, Fokien, and Kwang- tung to Formosa and Hainan, and southwards through Manipur to Burma, Tenasserim, the Malay peninsula, Cambodia and Cochin China. a-d. 4 Skins Sikkim L. Mandelli. e-f. 2 Skins ” H. J. Elwes [Ex.] g. Skin Rinok, Sikkim, 5,000 W. T. Blanford feet, 17-8-70. h. Skin Darjeeling, 7,000 feet W. G. Masson [P.] j-k. 2 Skins 7 Mrs. Oakes A. S. B. lem, 2Skins @ Naga hills’ H. H. Godwin Austen. n-p. 3 Skins East Naga hills, 4-8-75 H.H. Godwin Austen. q. Skin g@onr. Peak 24, Naga, H. H. Godwin Austen hills, 2-75. ; vy Skin ¢ Chota Naga hills, A. W. Chennell. 16-12-75. s. Skin Q Naga hills, 17-4-76 A. W. Chennell. t-u, 2 Skins Asalu, North Cachar H. H. Godwin Austen, g-w. 2Skins Q Doffla hills, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen, «. Skin Ponsee, Kakhyen hills, J. Anderson (1868) 3,500 ft. y-b*, 4 Skins, Moulmein Museum. Collector. 2 skulls. .d*, 2 Skins Yé, Tenasserim _ Rev. J. Barbe (1843), A.S.B. [2 Types of S. barbei, Blyth.] e*, Skin Tenasserim Major Berdmore (1846),A.S.B. f?. Skin Moupin, Thibet Paris Museum (Ex.] [David, 10-69]. g’. Skin Miwan, E, Kiangsi Paris Museum [Ex.] [David, 9-73] h®, Skin Formosa [R. Swinhoe} E. R. Alston [P.] 28 MAMMALIA, j?-B. 2 Ale. East of Irrawady River T. H. Hood (1872). P.m?. 2 Alc. Samagooting, Assam J. Butler. n?, Alc. Darjeeling W.T. Blanford, A. S. B. 0, Alc. Sibsagar, Assam S. E. Peel. p?-g?. 2 Ale. Moulmein, Burma J. Wood Mason. Sciurus insignis. Sciurus insignis, 7. Cuvier Hist, Nat. Mamm., lior. xxxiv, with plate (1821); Horsfield Zool. Res. with plate; Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., pp. 87, 99; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 151; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p 262; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., v, p. 136; Thomas P, Z. S, 1886, p. 78. Distribution—Malay peninsula from Selangore southwards, Sumatra, Java and Borneo; Anderson gives Canton, but this is somewhat doubtful. a, Skin,skull g Malacca E, R. Alston [P]. Sciurus vulgaris. Sciurus vulgaris, Linnaeus. Syst Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 86 (1766). Sciurus alpinus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. xxiv, with plate (1821), Sciurus varius, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 183 (1831). Sciurus italicus, Bonaparte Icon. Faun. Ital. with plate (1838). Sciurus europzus, Gray List Mam. B. M., p. 139 (1843); id. Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 23; Blyth Cat., nc. 337) P. 106. ? Mustela calotus, Hodgson Cale. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 221, pl. ix (1842). Sciurus calotus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (3), xx, p. 272 (1867). Distribution.—Europe and Northern Asia, as far south as the Caucasus, Thibet and Northern China. a. Stuffed England Cornish Institution (1842), A.S.B. 6. Stuffed ij A. D. Bartlett (1840), A.S.B. c. Stuffed i W. Davison (1846), A.S.B. d, Skull a A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. e. Alc. ¢ ” Zoological Gardens. Sciurus fulvus. Sciurus fulvus Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H.(4), xvi, p. 311 (1875); id. Persia, P- 49, pl. iv, fig. 1. Disiribution.—South Persia. This species will probably turn out to be identica) with Sciurus syriacus of Ehrenberg, and has in fact been already considered so by Jentink; the types, however, have not been compared, as the only specimen of S. fulvus is the one now in the Museum here, so that for the present it has been left as a distinct species. a. Skin @ nr. Shiraz, 4,000 feet Sir O. St. John (1870), [Type of Sciurus fulvus, Blanford.] SCIURUS. 29 Sciurus carolinensis. Sciurus carolinensis, Gmelin Syst Nat., i, p. 148 (1788); Allen Monographs NV. Amer, Rodents, p. 700. Sciurus pennsylvanicus, Ord Guthrie's Geogr., 2nd ed., p. 292 (1815)*. Sciurus niger, Godman Amer, Nat. Hist., ii, p. 133 (1826)*. Sciurus leucotis, Gapper Zool. Fourn., v, p. 206, pl. xi (1830); Blyth Cat. NO. 335, P. 105. Sciurus fuliginosus, Bachman P. Z. S., p. 97 (1838). Sciurus vulpinus, Dekay New York Zool., i, p. 59 (1842). Sciurus migratorius, Audubon and Bachman Quad, N. Amer, i, p. 265, pl. xxxv (1849).* The Grey Squirrel. Distribution.—Southern Canada; the United States east of the plains, South Mexico and Guatemala. a, Skin Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 6. Skin 3 Seueaie Zoological Gardens, 6. Skin Chains Purchased. d. Alc, 9 North America W. Rutledge. e. Alc. sears .W. Rutledge. Ff. Skin, ske- 9 soeaee Zoological Gardens. leton. g. Stuffed North Carolina Rev. F. Fitzgerald (1852), Sciurus niger. Sciurus niger, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 86 (1766); Allen Mono- gvaphs N, Amer, Rodents, p. 717. Sciurus cinereus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 86 (1766). Sciurus variegatus, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 421 (1777). Sciurus vulpinus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 147 (1788). Sciurus virginianus, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 259 (1792 *, Sciurus capistratus, Bosc Ann. Mus. Paris, i, p. 281 (1802)*. Sciurus rufiventris, M’Murtrie’s Cuv. An. Kingd., i, p. 433 (1831)*. Sciurus texianus, Bachman P. 7. S., p. 86 (1838). e The Fox Squirrel. Distribution.—Eastern United States westward to the plains. a. Skin North America J. H. Garnier [Ex.] Sciurus hudsonius. Sciurus vulgaris, apud Forster Phil. Trans., Ixii, p. 378 (1772). Sciurus hudsonius, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 370 (1778); Blyth Cat., no. 336, p. 105; Allen Monographs N. Amer, Rodents, p. 672. Sciurus carolinus, Ord Guthrie's Geogr., 2nd ed., p. 292 (1815)*. Sciurus rubrolineatus, Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 333 (1822). The Chikaree, Distribution-—The northern half of North America. a. Skin Lucknow, Ontario, 7-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 6. Skin Ontario. ]. H. Garnier [Ex.] ec. Skin i J. H. Garnier [Ex.] da. Skin N, America. A. D. Bartlett (1842), A.S.B. 30 MAMMALIA. Sciurus annulatus. Sciurus annulatus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 338 (1820); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 278; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., iv, p. 23. Sciurus gambianus, Ogiloy P. Z. S., p. 103 (1838). Sciurus multicolor, Rippell N. Wirbelth, p. 38, pl. xiii (1835). Sciurus bougensis, Heuglin Reise N. O. Afrika, ii, p. 59 (1877)*. Sciurus rufobrachiatus, apud Huet Arch. Mus. Paris (2), iii, p. 144 (1880). Distribution.—Northern Africa from Senegal to Abyssinia. a. Skin Anseba valley, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. nia, 4,000 ft., 28-7-68. 6. Skin Anseba valley, Abyssi- W.T. Blanford. nia, 4,000 ft., 4-8-68. Genus RHINOSCIURUS. Rhinosciurus, Gray List. Mamm. B. M., p.195 (1843). Type, R. laticaudatus. Rhinosciurus laticaudatus. Sciurus laticaudatus, Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl, p. 100, pl. xv, figs. 1, 2, 3 (1839-44); Cantor F. A. S. 8., xv, p. 251; Blyth F.A.S. B., XX, p. 167. Rhinosciurus tupaioides, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p.195 (1843); Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 477; id. Cat., no. 345, p. 108. 3 Sciurus (Rhinosciurus) tupaioides, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p.275 (1878). Rhinosciurus laticaudatus, fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 140 (1883). Sciurus (Rhinosciurus) laticaudatus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 78 (1886). Distribution —The Malay peninsula from Klang southwards and the Island of Borneo, a. Stuffed Malay peninsula G. Moxon (1851) A.S.B. Genus TAMIAS., Tamias, Illiger Prodr., p. 83 (1811). Type, T. striatus. Tenotis, Rafinesgue Am. Month, Mag., i, p. 362 (1817)*. Tamias striatus. Sciurus striatus, Linn@us Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 87 (1766). Tamias americana, Kuhl, Beitr, Zool., p. 69 (1820). Sciurus (Tamias) lysteri, Richardson Faun. Bor. Amer.,i, p.181, pl. xv (1829). : Tamias striatus, Baird. N. Amer. Mamm., p. 292, pl. xlvi, fig. 2 (1857)*; Allen Monographs N, Amer. Rodents, p. 782. The Chipmunk. Distribution.—Canada and the States east of the Rocky Moun- tains. a.-b. 2 Skins Ontario J. H. Garnier [Ex.] ce Skin aie No history, XERUS. 31 Genus XERUS. Xerus, Hempr. and Ehr., Symb. Phys. (1832). Xerus rutilus. Sciurus'rutilus, Cretzschmar Rippell’s Atlas, p. 59, pl. xxiv, (1826); Blan- ford Abyssinia, p. 278; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 41. Sciurus brachyotus, Hempr. and Ehr. Symb. Phys., pl. ix (1832). Sciurus simplex, Lesson Hist. Nat. Mamm., v, p. 402 (1836). Xerus rutilus, Gray List. Mamm. B. M., p. 144 (1843). Xerus dabagala Heuglin Peters. Mitth., p. 17 (1861). Xerus flavus, A. Milne Edwards Rev. Mag. Zool., p. 229 (1867). Xerus fuscus Huet Arch, Mus. Paris (2), iii, p. 139, pl. vi, fig., i (1880). Distribution.— Abyssinia and Somali land across to Gaboon? a, Skin Lower Sooroo, Abyssinia, 1,500 ft., 12-1-68 W. T. Blanford. 6. Skin a a ey 1-6-68 W. T. Blanford. c. Skin. Annesley Bay, Massowah 4-1-68 W. T. Blanford. Xerus erythropus. Sciurus erythropus, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm, Mus. Hist. Nat., p. 178 (1803)* ; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 43. Sciurus albovittatus, Desmarest N. Dict. Hist. Nat., x, p. 110 (1817). Sciurus leuco-umbrinus, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 38 (1835); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 279. Sciurus pyrrhopus apud Wagner Schreb, Siugeth. Suppl, iii, p. 215 (1843). Xerus congicus, apud Temminck Esquis. Zool., i, p. 125 (1853). Xerus setosus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. A. (3), XX, P+ 333 (1867) (pt.]. Distribution.—Africa from Senegal to Abyssinia and from Egypt to Zanzibar. a. Skin Q Adigrat-Tigré, Abyssinia 8,000 ft., 3-4-68. W.T.Blanford. &. Skin g Adigrat-Tigré, » 8,000 ft., 31-3-68. W. T. Blanford. c. Skin Senafé-Tigré x 7,500 ft., 25-2-68. W. T. Blanford. d. Skin Q Adigrat-Tigré », 8,000 ft., §-5-68. W T. Blanford. * e. Skin @ Bedjuk, Anseba valley ,, 4,200 ft., 16-7-68. W. T. Blanford. f. Skin g Bedjuk, Anseba valley ,, 4,200 ft., 15-768. W. T. Blanford. g. Skin Q Senafé-Tigré 1» 7,500 ft., 27-3-68. W. T. Blanford, h. Skin @ Adigrat-Tigré » 8,000 ft , 21-4-68. W. T. Blanford. j» Skin Adigrat »» 8,000 ft., 5-4-68. W. T. Blanford. k. Skin g Adigrat-Tigré » 8,000 ft., 4-5-68. W. T. Blanford. 1, Skin Q Senafé ») 7,500 ft., 25-2-68, W. T. Blanford. m. Skin Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. n. Skin ‘5 W. T. Blanford. v. Skeleton 3 W. T. Blanford. Xerus capensis. Sciurus capensis, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 266 (1792)*; $Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., iv, p. 48. : Sciurus namaquensis, Lichtenstein Cat, Rerum Nat. Raviss, p.2 (1793)*. 32 MAMMALIA. Sciurus levaillanti, Kuhl Beitr. Zool., p. 67 (1820). Sciurus ocularis, Smith Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 439 (1820). Sciurus setosus, Smuts Enum. Mamm. Capens., p. 33 (1832); Blyth Cat, no. 346, p. 108. : Distributton.—South Africa. a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard (1859), A.S.B. Genus PTEROMYS. Pteromys, G, Cuvier Tableau Gen. in Legons d’Anat. Comp., i, tabl. 1 (1800)*. The following key is constructed to enable the reader to dis- tinguish the typical forms only. All the species of this genus resem- ble one another so closely and so run into one another that it is impossible to construct a key into which every specimen will fit. Key of the Indian Species. a. Dorsal surface dark brown or black ; no tinge of reddish. 6. Hairs of dorsal surface but slightly tipped with white. P. oral, p. 33.° 22, Hairs strongly tipped with white, giving the dorsal surface a hoary grizzled appearance. P. cineraceus, p. 33. a? Dorsal surface with a reddish or yellowish tinge, never black or brown. c. No shoulder patch; dorsal surface comparatively uniform. d. Fur of dorsal surface red, with well-developed white tips producing a hoary red appearance; tail longer than head or body : ; P. alborufus, p. 34. d, Fur of dorsal surface dark maroon with but slight traces of the white tips to the hairs. P. yunnanensis, p. 35. d®,. Dorsal fur grizzled gray, more reddish on the para- chute, tail shorter than the head and body together, body about 16, tail about 12 inches. P, albiventer, p. 35. c*. Dorsal fur generally dark maroon and forming a strong contrast to that of the shoulders and parachute, which is yellow, usually but slight traces of grizzling. P, magnificus, p. 35. c>, Resembling P. albiventer, but somewhat smaller (body about 13, tail about 13 inches), with the top of the head PTEROMYS. 33 of a pure grey colour, contrasting with the colour of the rest of the body... . P, caniceps, p. 36. Pteromys oral. Var. A.—typicus. Sciurus petaurista, Pallas Miscell., p. 54, pl. vi, figs. 1, 2 (1766) [pt.]*. Pteromys petaurista, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 106 (1839-44); Blyth F. A. S. Bx, p. 919; id. F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 865; Horsfield Cad. E. I. Mus. p. 159; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxviii, pp. 276, 286; id. Cat., no. 291, P- 94; Ferdon Mamm., p. 174. Pteromys philippensis, apud Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 217 (1839). Pteromys oral, Tickell Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 401, pl. xi (1842); Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 451; id. F A. S. B., xx, p. 165; Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan, p. 55; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 279. Pteromys griseiventer, Gray List Mamm. 8. M., p. 133 (1843); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 277. j Var. B.—cineraceus, Pteromys petaurista, apud Walker Cal. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266 (1843); Horsfield Cat. Mamm. E. £. Mus., p. 159 [pt-]} Pteromys petaurista var. cineraceus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 865 (1847). Pteromys cineraceus, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 276 (1859); id. Cat., no. 292, p. 94; id. ¥. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 35; Blanford F.A.S.B., xvii, p. 165; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 281; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 67. Distribution —The typical variety is found all over the penin- sula of India and Ceylon wherever there are forests ; it is specially abundant in the Malabar country. The var. cineraceus is ap- parently only found in Arakan. This species including P. cineraceus and the following ones, namely, P. alborufus, P. yunnanensis, P. magnificus, P. albiventer and P. caniceps, all seem very closely allied to one another, and it is perhaps more as a matter of convenience than as a representation of their true relationship to one another that they should be kept sepa- rate ; as far as their Skulls are concerned it is impossible to separate them, and although typical specimens of these several so-called species are easily distinguished from one another, there are in the Museum collections intermediate forms between most of them. The prevailing colour of Pteromys oral is dark brown or black, with only slight traces of white tips to the dorsal fur. These white tips are much more developed in P. cineraceus, the typical forms of which seem to be confined to Arakan. Southwardsin Burma and Tenasserim, and northwards in Assam, the dark brown or black ‘ground colour is replaced by bright red, and this variety seems to correspond to the species described by Milne Edwards from Moupin in Thibet (P. alborufus). The species described by Anderson from Momien in Yunnan resembles P, alborufus, but is D 34 MAMMALIA. of a darker colour and has lost the white tips to the fur; this form is also distinguished by its long and very dark tail. Pteromys magnificus from Nepal and Sikkim seems at first to be a well marked species with its very dark maroon dorsal surface, with hardly any trace of the white tips to the fur; there is however a specimen (P. magnificus, “g” in the list below) which is quite intermediate between the typical P. magnificus and the typical P. alborufa; in this specimen the maroon of the back is much lighter and the white tips to the fur producing the grizzled appear- ance so characteristic of P. alborufa are present, though in not so marked a form. Pteromys caniceps seems constantly smaller than P. magnificus and P. albiventer, and since the skulls in the Museum are all im- mature, there is a strong suspicion that this will turn out to be the young of P. magnificus or of P. albiventer, but this will haye to be proved by further investigations. In Pteromys albiventer the contrast between the colour of the back and the colour of the parachute is not so marked as in P. magnificus: the shoulders, however, are somewhat yellow and traces of the white tips to the fur begin to appear: this latter feature is most marked in the Kashmir and Gilgit specimens. Var. A.—typicus. a-b. 2 Skinsand Travancore Purchased. skull. c. Skin Ceylon Columbo Museum. d-e. 2 Skins nn ce W. Rutledge. and _ skele- ss 3 tons. Ff. Stuffed Travancore Marquis of Tweedale (1846), AS B. g. Stuffed juv. Midnapore P. Homfray (1843), A.S.B. h-k..3 Skulls ae A.S.B. Zz, Alc. juv. Manbhoom W. Theobald. Var, B.—cineraceus. a, ely ne @ Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1844), A.S.B. skull. [Type of Pteromys cineraceus, Blyth.] b por ‘i @ Arakan Museum Collector (1871). skull, ce. Skin juv. ,, Sir A. Phayre (1844), A.S.B. d. Stuffed Bo tacleetey W. Rutledge (1870). Pteromys alborufus. Pteromys alborufus, A, Milne Edwards Comptes Rend., \xx, p. 342 (1870) ; id. Rech. Mam., p. 208, pls. xva, fig. 1, and xlv; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res. +) Pp. 284. Distribution.—Assam and Burma southwards to Tenasserim ; also obtained from Moupin in Eastern Thibet. ‘ PTEROMYS. 35 a, Skin Assam F. Day. 6. Skin Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen. e. Skin skull, Samagooting, Assam _J. Butler (1872). d, Skin juv. Cherrapoonjee, Assam J. W. Laidlay (1847), A.S.B. e. Skin Pegu Rev. J. Barbe, A.S.B. J. Skin 2 Mergui, 21-1-82 J. Anderson. g. Skin, skeleton Arakan Zoological Gardens. A, Skin aidaee No history. j» Stuffed @ Arakan? Sir A. Phayre (1844), A.S.B. &, Stuffed} Tenasserim Rev. J. Barbe (1844), A.S.B. 1. Alc. Lampnee, Mergui, J. Anderson, 13-1-82. Pteromys yunnanensis. Pteromys yunnanensis, Anderson Ann. Mag. N. AI (4), xvi, p. 282, (1875); id. Anat. Zool. Res., p. 282, pl. xxii. Distribution —Has been got hitherto only from Momien in Yunnan. a-d. 4 Skins, Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson: 5,000 ft,, 6-68. [Types of Pteromys yunnanensis, Anderson.] Pteromys magnificus, Sciuropterus nitidus, apud Hodgson, P. Z. S., p. 98 (1835). . Pteromys magnificus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., v, p. 231 (1836) ; Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, Zool. p. 65; Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll. B. M., 1st ed., p. 22; Blyth F. A. S.B., xvi, p. 866; Horsfield Cat, E. 1, Mus., p- 161; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 277; id. Cat., no. 294, p. 95; Ferdon Mamm., p. 177; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1872, p. 635, pl.l; Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 285. : : Sciuropterus nobilis, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., X., p. 263 (1842). Sciuropterus chrysothryx, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xiii, p. 67, with plate (1844). ; Pteromys nobilis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll. B. M., p. 22 (1846); Blyth F.A.S.B., xvi, p. 866; Horsfield Cat. E. 1, Mus. p.160 ; Blyth FAS. B.; Xxviii, p. 277. Distribution.—Himalayas from Nepal to Sikkim ; has also been got on the Khasia hills. a. Skin Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. 6. Skin, skull Sikkim L. Mandeili. c. Skin, juv. 4 L. Mandelli, .d, Skin Cherrapoonjee, Assam __‘F. Skipwith, A.S.B. e. Stuffed Darjeeling , A, Campbell, A.S.B. Jf. Stuffed diese Purchased, A.S.B. g. Stuffed Darjeeling W. Earle (1848), A.S.B. Pteromys albiventer. Pteromys albiventer, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool. i, pl. xviii (1834) 3 Gray P.Z.S., 1836, p. 88; id. Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, 1837, p. 584; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 873; Blyth F.A.S. B., xvi, p. 865; Horsfield Cat, E, J. Mus., p. 162; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res, p. 286, D2 36 MAMMALIA, Pteromys inornatus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. in facquemont Voyage, Zool., p. 62, pl. iv (1844); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 573; Blyth F.A.S.B., xxviii, pp. 277, 287; id. Cat., no. 293, p.95; Ferdon Mamm., p. 176; Lydekker $F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, P: 33- Distribution —The North-west Himalayas from Ladak to Nepal. a. Skin, skull Ladak J. Biddulph. 6. Skin Sonamarg, Kashmir, F, Stoliczka. 18-8-72. c. Skin, skull Kashmir J. E.T. Aichison. a-f. 3 Skins sedans Purchased. ‘ g. Stuffed Simla J. N. Thomas (1845), A.S.B. A. Alc. Katmandu, Nepal Museum Collector (1871). Pteromys caniceps. Sciuropterus caniceps, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., x, p. 262 (1842) ; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Caz., no. 296, p, 96; Ferdon Mammi, p. 178. Pteromys caniceps, Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll. B. M., 1st.ed., p. 213 Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 160; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 287. Sciuropterus senex, Hodgson Calc. fourn. N. H., iv, p. 293 (1844); id. F. A, S. B,, xiii, p. 68, with plate. Distribution,—Himalayas from Gurwhal to Sikkim. a. Skin Landour, N. W. Hima- L. C. Stewart (1854), A.S.B. ; layas, b-d. 3 Skins Sikkim L. Mandelli. e. Skin Gumphar, Darjeeling, J. Knight, 2,000 ft, SF. Stuffed Darjeeling ‘Mrs, Oakes (1842), A.S.B. Pteromys nitidus. Sciurus petaurista, Pallas Miscell. Zool., p. 36 (1766) [pt.]*. Pteromys nitidus, Desmarest N. Dict. Hist, Nat., xxvii, p. 403 (1818) ; Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xvii; Miller and Schlegel Tem. Ver- handl., pp. 107, 112; Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, Zool., Pp. 65; Cantor, J. A.S.B., xv, p. 252; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; Brandt Mem. Acad. St. Peters, (6), vii, p. 298* ; Horsfield Cat.E. I. Mus., p. 162; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxxviii, p. 277; id. Cat., no. 295, p. 96; Zelebor Sdugeth. Novara, p. 25; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 290; Thomas an S.,1886, p.. 73; Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., xi,p. 26; Thomas P.Z.S., 1009, Pp. 230. Pteromys melanotis, Gray P. Z. S., p.88 (1836); id. Chazlesw. Mag. N. Hin P. 584; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus, p. 162; Blyth F.A.S. B., xxviii, p. 277; Anderson Anat. Zool., Res., Pp. 292. eee melanopsis, Motley and Dillwyn Contrib. Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 2, 1055). Pteromys grandis, Swinkoe P.Z.S., p. 358, pl. xlv (1862); id. P. Z. S, 1870, p. 634. Distribution—The Malay peninsula from Klang in Selangore SCIUROPTERUS, 37 southwards, the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo, also Siam and Formosa. a-b. 2 Skins Siam [Finlayson] India Mus., London. ce. Stuffed Malacca Rev. F. Lindstedt (1848), A.S.B. d. Stuffed juv. ii Rev, F. Lindstedt (1845), A.S.B. e. Stuffed sesnise W. Rutledge (1872). Genus SCIUROPTERUS. Sciuropterus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus, Paris, x, p. 116 (1823). Key of the Indian Species. a. Larger forms, length without tail more than 7'5 inches. 5. Pale grayish above; outer edge of hind-foot provided with a thick brush of hairs extending from the tarsal joint to the base of the 5th toe ; skull long and narrow, 1°95 inches long by 1°55 inches broad. S. fimbriatus, p. 37. 6?. Rather darker above ; no brush to the hind-feet, which are much smaller than in S. fimbriatus; skull smaller and broader, 1°45 inches long by 1°15 inches broad. S. alboniger, p. 38. 6. Grayish above, with black tufts of hair at the base of the posterior margin and the external surface of the upper angle of the ear ; teeth ridged. S. fuscocapillus, p. 39. 6*, Above rufus ; tail short, 5 inches; ears with tufts of long hair at the anterior and posterior angles of the ear-conch ; tail rather bushy. . . ‘ S. pearsoni, p. 38. 45, Resembling the last in size, but of a lighter grayish colour, with markedly distichous tail and no ear tufts. S. sagitta, p. 39. a®, Much smaller, about 54 inches long with tail; above rufus; tail above brown, below at base rufous. S. spadaceus, p. 40. Sciuropterus fimbriatus. Sciuropterus fimbriatus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 584 (1837) ; id. P.Z.S., 1837, p. 67; Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; Horsfield Cat. EZ. I. Mus. p. 163; Blyth $. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 298, p. 96; $erdon Mamm., p. 178; Scilly P. Z, S., 1881, p. 204; id. Ann, Mag. N.H. (5), viii, p. 98. . Pteromys leachii, Gray P. Z, S., p. 88 (1836); id, Charlesw. Mag. N. H,, i, p. 584. Pteromys fimbriatus, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 296 (1878). Distribution.—North-west Himalayas from Gilgit to Kumaon, 38 MAMMALIA. a, Skin, skull Chitral, 5,000 ft. G. M. Giles. juv. ; b. Skin Q@ Nultar valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. 1-8-79. c. Skin, skull g Nultar valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. juv. 8-79. d. Skin, skull 9 Chaprot, Gilgit, 30-7-79 J. Scully. e. Skin Gilgit, 6,000 ft., 6-8-80 J. Scully. f. Skin Ladak J. Biddulph. g. Skin Kashmir J. E. T. Aichison. A. Skin nr. Simla L. C. Stewart (1854), A.S.B. Sciuropterus alboniger. Sciuropterus alboniger, Hodgson $.A.S. B., v, p. 231 (1836); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 22; Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866; Hors- field Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 163; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 302, p.97; Ferdon Mamm., p.179; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 2098; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 59. Sciuropterus turnbulli, Gray P. Z. S., p. 68 (1837); id. Charlesw. Mag. _ NL AL, i, pe 584. Distribution—Himalayas, Nepal to Bhootan, Assam, Yunnan and Cambodia. a. Skin. Darjeeling Mrs. Oakes (1842) A.S.B. 6, Skin, skeles Garo hills H. L. Haughton (1867). ton and visce- ra in alc, c. Skin. Cachar hills Museum Collector. d-e, 2 Skins Momien, Yunnan, 6-68 J. Anderson (1870). g-h. 2 Skins g Q W. Rutledge. j» Stuffed Darjeeling J. Grace (1853) A.S.B. k. Skull Naga hills A. W. Chennell. 4, Skin Shillong T. la Touche. Sciuropterus pearsoni. Sciuropterus pearsonii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 263 (1842); Thomas, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 60. Pteromys sagitta, aud Walker, Cal. fourn N. H., iii, p. 266 (1843). Pteromys (Sciuropterus) setosus, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Fapon. Mamm., p. 49 (1847). ; Sciuropterus villosus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 866 (1847); id. ¥. A. S. Bay xxvili, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 303, p. 97; Ferdon Mamm, p. 179. Pteromys pearsonii, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 162 (1851); Anderson Anat, Zool, Res., p. 293- Seumpe ens kaleensis, Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 359 (1862); id. P. Z. S. 1870, B- 034. Distribution.—Sikkim, Assam, Munipur and Yunnan; it has been also recorded from Formosa and Sumatra. ry a. Skin Assam A. W. Chennell. _b, Skin Naga hills H. H. Godwin Austen, SCIUROPTERUS, 39 e. Skin Cachar Mus. Collector (1867). @, Skin Momien, Yunnan J. Anderson. 6,000 ft., 6-68. ef. 2 Stuffed North Assam, F. Bonynge (1845), A.S.B. (2 Types of Sciuropterus villosus of Blyth]. g. Skull Darjeeling W. Theobald (1852), A.S.B. A-j. 2 Alc Ponsee, Yunnan J. Anderson (1868). Sciuropterus fuscocapillus. Sciuropterus fuscocapillus, Blyth ¥.A. S.B., xvi, p. 867 (1847) ; id. F ALS. B., xxviii, pp. 278, 286 ; id. Cat. no. 297, p. 96; Ferdon Mamm., p. 180. Sciuropterus layardi, Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc., v, p. 215 (1850); Blyth F. A. S. By xx, p. 165; Kelaart Prodv. Faun. Zeylan., p. 56; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278. Pteromys fuscocapillus, Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 294 (1878). Distribution—The Nilgiri hills, Travancore and the high- lands of Ceylon. [No specimen in the Museum. ] Sciuropterus sagitta. Sciurus sagitta, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 88 (1766). Pteromys horsfieldii, Waterhouse P. Z.S., p. 87 (1837) ; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p 299. Pteromys aurantiacus, Wagner Munch. Gel. Anz., xii, p. 438 (1841). Sciuropterus horsfieldii, Cantor F. A. S. B. xv, p. 253 (1846); Blyth. F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 867; id. F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278. Sciuropterus sagitta, Miller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., pp. 109, 113 (1839-44); Blyth F.A. S. B., xxiii, p. 731; id. ibid, xxiv, p. 187; Thomas, P, Z.S., 1886, p. 75: Sciuropterus phayrei, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 278 (1859); id. Cat., no. 304, p-97; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 53; Blyth FA. S. B, xliv, Burma List, p. 35. Distribution—Burma, Pegu and Tenasserim, Malay peninsula, Cambodia, and the islands of Java and Banka, The above synonymy is given under the authority of Ander- son, who identified S. phayrei with S. horsfieldii of Waterhouse, and of Thomas, who identifies S. horsfieldii with S. sagitta of Linnzus, but it does not seem unlikely that S. phayrei may be really an independent species: it certainly seems much smaller than the common squirrel, to which as to size S. sagitta is com- pared by Linnzus. a-b. 2Skins Burma Sir A. Phayre and Major Berdmore. c-d, 2 Stuffed * Sir A. Phayre and Major Berdmore. [Types of S. phayrei, Blyth.] 40 MAMMALIA, Sciuropterus spadaceus. Sciuropterus spadaceus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 867 (1847); id. ¥. ALS. B., x&viii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 305, p.97; id. F A. S. B, zliv, Burma List, p. 35. Pteromys spadaceus, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 300 (1878). Distribution.—Only known from Arakan. _ ; It has been supposed by Thomas that this species is identi- cal with S. lepidus of Horsfield, but until further evidence can be adduced by the comparison of specimens it may as well remain distinct. a-c, 3 Skins Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. (‘Types of S. spadaceus, Blyth.] d, Skin Moulmein J. Davis, e. Alc. Burma J. Wood Mason (1872). Sciuropterus volucella. Sciurus volans, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.i, p. 88 (1766) [pt.]. Sciurus volucella, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., pp. 351, 353 (1788). Sciurus hudsonius, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 153 (1788) Sciurus sabrinus, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. i, p. 157 (1801). Sciuropterus volucella, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 242 (1827); Blyth F. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 278; id. Cat., no. 306, p. 98; Allen Monographs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 655. ‘ Pteromys oregonensis, Bachman Fourn. Acad. N. Sci. Phila. (i), viii, p. ‘101 (1839). : Pteromys alpinus, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl. iii, p 230 (1843). Distribution—The whole of North America southwards to Guatemala. a. Skin Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] & Skull Upton, Maine, U. S. A. W. Theobald. Genus EUPETAURUS. Eupetaurus, Thomas $. A. S. B., vii, p. 257 (1888). Type E. cineraceus. Eupetaurus cineraceus. se cineraceus, Thomas F. A. S. B., \vii, p. 258, pls. xxii, xxiii 1888). _ Distribution—Thibet; has been procured at Gilgit and also in Eastern Thibet north of Sikkim. a. Skin and skull Gilgit valley G. M. Giles. [Co-type of E, cineraceus, Thomas.] é Skin and skull teonee Purchased. ARCTOMYS. AI Genus SPERMOPHILUS. Spermophilus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, vi, p. 203 (1822). Spermophilus bactrianus. Spermophilus bactrianus, Scully $. A. S. B., lvi, p. 70 (1887). Distribution.—Afghan Turkestan. a «. Skin, skull @ Khamiab, Oxus_ R., C. E. Yate. 12-6-86. {Type of Spermophilus bactrianus, Scully.] Genus ARCTOMYS. Arctomys, Schreber Sdugeth., iv, p. 721 (1792). In the following catalogue of the Marmots of Central Asia, Blanford’s paper (J. A.S.B., xliv, p. 113) has been followed. All the species found in Central Asia are represented in the Museum collections with the exception of Arctomys robustus of Milne Edwards (see below under A. himalayanus). Key of the Indian Species. a. Tail less than one-third of the length of the head and body; colour grayish yellow with diffused black tips to the hairs ; length 22 to 24 inches. . A, himalayanus, p. 41. a*, Tail one-third or more than one-third of the head and body. &. Smaller, length 14 to 16 inches ; colour grayish yellow. A. hodgsoni, p. 42. &, Larger, length about 25 inches; colour rufous yellow with a black patch on the back and ferrugineus below. A. caudatus, p. 43. Arctomys himalayanus. Arctomys himalayanus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, p. 777, with plate (1841) ; id. F. ALS. B, xi, p. 287; Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 121; Lydekker %. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 36, pls. xii, xiia, Lydekker F.A.S.B. xlix,p.7; Buchner Wiss. Result. Praewalski Reisen Rodentia, p. 25. s Arctomys himalayanus potius tibetensis hodie, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xii, p- 409 (1843). : Arctomys bobac apud Gray, List Mamm. B. M., p. 148 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll. B. M., 1st ed., p. 23; Blyth F. A. S.B., xvi, p. 873; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 164; Blyth Cat., no. 348, p. 108; Ferdon Mamm.,, p. 181; Anderson P. Z. S., 1871, p. 560. Arctomys tataricus, fameson L’Instit., xv, p. 384 (1847)*. Arctomys tibetanus, Adams P. Z. S., p. 521 (1858). Distribution.—The Himalayas and Thibet from Western Ladak eastwards, the Kuenlun Mountains south of Yarkand, and the 42 MAMMALIA. Keria Mountains, which form the barrier between the valley of Tarim and the plateau of north Tibet. Arctomys robustus of Milne Edwards (Rech. Mamm., p. 309) was given by Blanford in his paper on Himalayan Marmots as a synonym of A. himalayanus; Buchner in his accounts of Prze- walski’s Mammals holds a contrary opinion and distinguishes A. robustus by its larger size, its darker back and sides, and the patch of rusty brown at the sides of the snout and round the ears ; none of these characters are very decisive ones, but for the pre- sent A. robustus is left separate. a-b. 2 Skins, @ Kitchik Yilak, Sanju G. Henderson. skulls. Pass, Kuenlun Mts., 17-9-70. ce. Skin Changchenmo valley, R. Lydekker. Ladak. ‘ da. Skin Tibet B. H. Hodgson (1845), A.S.B. e. Skin juv. ‘ B.H. Hodgson (1845), A.S.B. f. Stuffed, @ Kitchik Yilak, Sanju G, Henderson. skull, Pass, Kuenlun Mts, 17-9-70. = Arctomys hodgsoni. Arctomys hemachalanus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xii, p. 410 (1843) ; Ferdon Mamm., p. 182; Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 122. Arctomys tibetanus, apud Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 24 (1846); Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 113. Arctomys bobac, apud Blyth, Cat., no. 348, p. 108 (1863) [pt.] Arctomys hodgsoni, Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 35 (1876). Distribution Himalayas of Nepal, Sikkim and Bhootan. Blanford’s name has been adopted in preference to A. hema- chalanus, which is synonymous with A. himalayanus and cannot therefore stand. It is a curious fact that no truly feral example of this species has yet been obtained ; all the specimens mentioned below were caged, a, Skin juv. g Bhootan J. Wood Mason. 6. Skin, skele- g ” W. Rutledge [P.] ton. c. Skin, skele- 9 ” W. Rutledge [P.] ton. d-e. 2 Skins, @ teeees W. Rutledge, 2 skulls. fj. 4Skins, @ eee W. Rutledge. 4 skulls, k. Stuffed aiden G. A. Bushby (1848), A.S. B. 1. Skeleton oe ia W. Rutledge. m. Skeleton Darjeeling Mrs. Turnbull. mn. Skin,skele- 9 suilves Zoological Gardens. ton. o. Alc. Q wees W. Rutledge. ’. Skeleton ¢ Lore W. Rutledge. ARCTOMYS. 43 Arctomys caudatus. Arctomys caudatus, Zs. Geoff. St. Hil. facquemont Voyage, Zool., p. 66, pl. v (1844); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. §73; Blanford F. A, S. B.,xliv, p. 122; id. Yarkand Mamm., p. 37, pls. xiii, xiiia; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlix, p. 75 Scully P. Z, S., 1881, p. 204; id, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 98. Arctomys bobac, apud Adams, P. Z. S., p. 521 (1858); Blyth Cat., no. 348, p- 108; Ferdon Mamm., p. 182. Arctomys tibetana, apud Falconer Pale@ont. Memoirs, i, p. 583 (1868). Arctomys hemachelana, apud Anderson, P.Z.S., p. 561 (1871). The Red Marmot ; Drowne or Drim of Kashmir ; Pya of Ladak, Distribution.—The north-western parts of Kashmir in the Deosai, Dras, and Astor districts. a, Skin, skull @ Matayon, Zogi-la Pass, G. Henderson.t . nr. Dras, Kashmir, 20-6-70. 6, Skin, skull 9 Donkun, Astor distr., J, Scully. Kashmir, 11,000 ft., 20-5-80. ce. Skin juv. Deosai plain, N. W. J. Scully. Kashmir, 12,000 ft. - 7-80. [J. Biddulph.] : d-h. § Skins Kashmir J. E. T. Aitchison, j. Skin T. C. Jerdon. & Skull T. Brownlow, A. S. B. Arctomys aureus. Arctomys aureus, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xliv, pp. 106, 123; id. Yarkand Mamm., p. 33, pls. x1, xia. ? Arctomys caudatus, apud Severtzogf Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 50 (1876). Distribution —The Pamir and country between the Pamir and Yarkand. a, Skin, skull Kaskasu Pass, between F. Stoliczka. Pamir and Yarkand, 13,000 ft., 15-5-74. [Type of A, aureus, Blanford.] b-c, 2 Skins Kaskasu Pass, between F. Stoliczka. Pamir and Yarkand, 13,000 ft., 15-5-74. d. Skin, skull Little Pamir, 13,000 ft., |G. M, Giles. 5-86. ef, 2 Skulls Kaskasu Pass. F. Stoliczka, Arctomys dichrous. Arctomys dichrous, Anderson Ann. Mag. N, H. (4), xvi, p. 283 (1875); id. F, Linn, Socy xii, p. §79, pl. xxxi; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 36 ; + See Henderson and Hume, Lahore to Yarkand, p, 83. 44 MAMMALIA. Buchner Wiss. Result. Preewalski Reisen Rodentia, p. 40, pls. iii, iv, figs. II-14. : Arctomys baibacina, apud Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. §0 (1876). Distribution —Hills north of Kabul (Anderson), Thian Shan (Severtzoff) and the Juldus valley (Przewalski), a, ? Skull Afghanistan. Sir A. Burns, A.S.B. é-c, 2Skulls | juv. Kabul ? J. Anderson. Arctomys marmota. Mus marmota, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 81 (1766). Arctomys marmota, Schreber Saiugeth., iv, p.722 (1792); Blasius Sdugeth. Deutsch., p. 280. Marmota alpina, Blumenbach Handb, Naturges., 12th ed., p. 70 (1830). Distrtbution.—The higher regions of the Alps, Pyrennees and Carpathians. a. Stuffed deals Mrs. Turnbull (1867). Arctomys monax. Mus monax, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 8t (1766). Arctomys monax, Schreber Sdéugeth., iv, p. 737 (1792); Allen Monographs NV. Amer. Rodents, p. git. Arctomys empetra, Sabine Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 584 (1822). Distribution.— North America from Hudson’s Bay to the Caro- linas and from the Atlantic to Minnesota. a-b. 2 Skins Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier (Ex.] c. Skin, skull 92 aeetea ® W. Rutledge. Genus CASTOR. Castor, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 78 (1766). Castor fiber. Castor fiber, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 78 (1766); Allen Mono- graphs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 433. Castor canadensis, Kuhl Beitr. Zool., p. 64 (1820). Castor americanus, Richardson Back’s Arctic Exped., p. 494 (1836)*. Castor europzeus, Owen Brit, Foss, Mamm., p. 190 (1846); Blyth Cat., NO. 404, p. 123. The Beaver. Disiribution.—Europe, Siberia and North America, though now extinct in the greater part of Europe and also in the Eastern States of North America. a. Stuffed Norway. Christiania University (1844), A. S. B. HYDROMYS. 45 Genus MYOXUS. Myoxus, Schreber Sdugeth., iv, p. 824 (1792). Myoxus pictus. Myoxus pictus, Blanford Ann. Mag, N. H. (4) xvi, p. 311 (1875); id. Persia, p. 51, pl. iv, fig. 2. ; Distribution.—Persia north of Ispahan. a, Ale. @ Kohrud, N. of Ispahan, W. T. Blanford, 7,000 ft. [Co-type of M. pictus, Blanford.] Myoxus glis, Sciurus glis, Linneus Syst. Nat. 12th ed., i, p. 87 (1766). Mus glis, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 88 (1778). Myoxus glis, Zimmerman Geogr. Geschichte., ii, p. 351 (1780); Blasius Sdugeth Deutsch, p. 292; Blyth Cat., no. 350, p. 109. Glis esculentus, Blumenbach Handb. Naturges., 12th ed., p. 67 (1830). Distribution.—Central and Southern Europe. «. Stuffed. France A. Malherbe (1854), A.S.B. Genus MUSCARDINUS. Muscardinus, Kaup Entw. Europ. Thierw., p. 139 (1829)*. Muscardinus avellanarius. Mus avellanarius, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 83 (1766). Myoxus muscardinus, Schreber Séugeth, iv, p. 835 (1792). Myoxus avellanarius, Desmarest Mamm., p. 295 (1820) ; Blasius Séugeth, Deutsch., p. 297; Blyth Cat., no. 351, p. 109. 9 Muscardinus avellanarius, Kaup Entw. Europ. Thierw., p. 139 (1829)*. Distribution —The whole of Europe, including the British _ Islands. a-b. 2 Stuffed. England. A. D. Bartlett (1843), A.S.B. c-e. 3 Alc. 2Q ” A. D. Bartlett (1865). Genus HYDROMYS. Hydromys, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus., Paris, vi, p. 81 (1805). Hydromys chrysogaster. Hydromys chrysogaster, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann, Mus.,-Paris, vi, p. 81, pl. xxxvi (1805) ; Gould Mamm. Austr, iii, pl. xxiv; Blyth Cat., no, 398, p. 121 ; Collett. Zool. F. B., ii, p. 841. 46 MAMMALIA. Distribution. —Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania. a, Stuffed. Tasmania. C. G, T. Lloyd (1860), A.S.B. Hydromys fulvolavatus. Hydromys fulvolavatus, Gould Mamm. Austr,, iii, pl. xxv (1863). Hydromys leucogaster, apud Blyth, Cat., no. 399; p- 122 (1863). Distribution.—Southern and South-eastern Australia. a-b. 2 Stuffed Port Philip, Melbourne Mr. Benson (1849), A.S.B. e-d 2 Skins South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] e. Skin Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] Hydromys leucogaster. Hydromys leucogaster, Zt. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, vi, p. 81, pl. xxxvi (1805) ; Gould Mamm. Austr., iii, pl. XXVi.. Distribution.—Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland. a. Alc, Queensland Brisbane Mus. [Ex.] Genus PLATACANTHOMYS. Platacanthomys, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 288 (1859). Type, P.lasi- urus. Platacanthomys lasiurus. Platacanthomys lasiurus, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 289 (1859) ; id. Cat., no. 349, p. 109; Peters P. Z, S., 1865, p- 397, pl. xx; Ferdon Mamm, p- 210. Distribution.—South Malabar and Travancore. a-m. 12 Skins Travancore Rev. H. Baker (1870). n-g. 4 Stuffed South Malabar Rev. H. Baker, (1859) A.S.B. 7. Skeleton Travancore Rev. H. Baker. mtd. s. Skeleton 45 Rev. H. Baker. impf. t-u. 2 Alc. 2skulls is Rev. H. Baker. v-a*, 6 Ale. @Q Trevandrum H. S. Ferguson. and 4 juv. Genus GERBILLUS. Gerbillus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., 1st ed., xxiv, p. 22 (1804)*. Meriones, Jlliger. Prodr., p. 82 (1811). Rhombomys, Wagner Schreber Siugeth. Suppl., iti, p. 485 (1843). Psammomys, Cretachmar Riippell’s Atlas, p. 36 (1826). Type, G. obesus. GERBILLUS. 47 Key of the Indian species. a. Larger, head and body 5 to 7 inches in length. 6. With large ears; tail dark banded above and below; above- rufous brown, below white; feet naked below; outer wali of the antorbital foramen rounded and projecting in front; bullz moderate. . é . . G, indicus, p. 47. 6.2 Ears moderate; tall dark banded above, light below; feet thickly haired anteriorly; outer wall of antorbital foramen perpendicular; bulla much inflated. G. erythrurus, p. 49, 63 Ears very small; tail concolorous with the body, with a dusky terminal pencil; above sandy yellow, below lighter, but not white; feet anteriorly haired, posteriorly naked ; bullze moderate. ; : - G. hurriane, p. 50. a Smaller, head and body 3 to 4 inches in length. c. Tail without hair, more than 13 times head and body. d, Proximal half of the sole naked; six dinctinct planta pads. . ‘ ‘ - . G. nanus, p. 51. d Sole hairy throughout ; no distinct pads. G. gleadowi, p. 52. c.” Tail without hair, shorter than the head and body. G. swinhoei, p. 52. , Gerbillus indicus. Dipus indicus, Hardwicke Linn. Trans., viii, p. 279, pl. vii (1804). Gerbillus indicus, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xiii, p. 109 (1817); Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 211; F. Cuvier Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 143, pl. xxv, figs. 15-19; Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 137; id. F. ALS. B,, xX, p.167; id. FA. S.B., xxi, p. 350; Horsfield Cat. Mamm. E. I. Mus., p. 150; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 69; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxxii, p. 327; “Adams P, Z. S., 1858, p. 520; Blyth Cat., no. 353, p. 110; Ferdon Mamm. p. 185; Blanford Persia, p. 63. is Gerbillus cuvieri, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 56 (1838); Hutton and Blyth F. AS. B., XV, p. 139- : Gerbillus hardwickii, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 132 (1843). Distribution.—Found throughout India from the Himalayas southward, including Ceylon, in sandy and dry places ; extending eastwards as faras Lower Bengal only and westwards to Baluchistan (Blanford). The southern form is distinguishable as a well marked geogra- phical race, which was described by Waterhouse in 1838 as G, cuvieri; it is distinguished from G, indicus by its longer tail, 48 MAMMALIA. its longer tarsus, and by the colour of the tarsus, which is blackish ; the differences of the tarsus and tail of the two races are shown in the accompanying measurements. It is not easy to separate the synonymy of the two races, as the southern variety has been almost entirely overlooked hitherto; this was in consequence of the fact that Blyth’s speciniens from Midnapur, which he naturally Lettering of specimen, Tarsus. ee ot t. Allahabad.| 1°07 6°80 60 Northern race var. u. Berhampore} 1°10 6°75 65 typicus. P . Baluchistan] 1°05 6°80 5°75 Southern oo. Columbo .} 1°25 8°30 6°25 race var. cuvieri. dd. Poona ‘ 1'25 8°50 6°50 Inter- ». Goona -| 1°07 7°20 60 mediate. 66, Banda -| 1°20 710 6°50 Var A.—typicus. a-b. 2 Skins Q Pishin, Persian Balu- chistan, 10-2-72. e-d. 2 Skins, Agra district 2 skulls. e-g. 3 Skins, Maunbhoom 1 skull. 4 Skins juv. o m. Skin é 5 12-64 n. Skin Berhampore o-g. 3 Alc. #4 j Pishin, Baluchistan, 700 feet. r. Alc. Q Rajanpur, Punjab s. Ale. juv. 92 Cutch t. Ale. Q Allahabad wu. Alc. rskull 9 v. Skeleton mtd. w-x. 2 Skulls y. Skull z. Skull 4 @b3 2Aln fg e.d2 2 Alc. juv. e? Alc. g fi Ale. Q g2 Alc. juv. a-b,2 Skins, 2 skulls, Berhampore, Bengal Berhampore Berhampore i Pishin, Baluchistan ‘Sitapur, Oude Gulistan, Afghanistan Kirta Beebeenanee, Beluch Var B.—cuvieri. Nilgiris, Madras considered be- longed to the northern race, were Teally more nearly allied to the southern race. As will be seen by the accompanying table, the varie- ties run into one another in the Centra Provinces. W. T. Blanford. Agra Museum. Mus. Collector (1866). Mus. een (1866), R.C.B W. Theobald, A.S.B. W. T. Blanford. E. Saunders. F. Stoliczka. J. Cockburn (1872). W. Theobald, A.S.B. eavan. . Theobald, A.S.B. . Murray. R. H. Beddome. GERBILLUS. 49 e-d, 2 Skins, Trichinopoly, Madras R. H. Beddome. 2 skulls juv. ef. 2 Alc. Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. g: Ale. @ Banda dist., N.-W.P, J. Cockburn. A. Alc. juv. Karachi? Karachi Mus. k& 2Ale. 9 Poona G. W. Vidal. F-0. 4 Alc. juv. 9 Codur Hills, Madras R. H. Beddome. p-g. 2 Alc. juv. 9 Madras G. Bidie. 7-s. 2 Alc. Madras? Madras Mus. t-w. 4 Skulls 9 Columbo J. Anderson (1872). 3 juv. #-63, 5 Stuffed Midnapore Jungles E. Blyth A.S.B. c3, Stuffed Midnapore Dr. Young (1848)) A.S.B. d8.¢. 2 Stuffed South India. Sir W. Elliot (1843) A.S.B. F-g?. 2 Stuffed Ceylon E. L. Layard (1858) A.S.B. A. Skull Columbo J. Anderson (1872). Gerbillus persicus. Gerbillus persicus, Blanford Ann. Mag. N.N. (4), xvi, p. 312 (1875); id. Persia, p. 66, pl. vii, fig. 1. Distribution.—Persian plateau north and south. This species is allied to G. indicus; it is distinguished by its dusky greenish soles, the absence of the dark line below the tail, and by its skull. In G. indicus the part of the skull above the foramen magnum when viewed from behind exceeds in height the vertical extent of the foramen magnum itself; in G. persicus the re- verse holds good. The specimen ‘‘c” in the list below has a hairy tarsus and is doubtfully referred to G. persicus. a, Alc, skull Kohrud, N. of Ispahan W. T. Blanford. (Type of the G. persicus, Blanford.] 6. Alc. juv. Karman, S. Persia W. T. Blanford. ve. Alc. skull juv. 55 Pee W. T. Blanford. Gerbillus erythrurus. Gerbillus erythrourus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 266 (1842); Hutton ¥. A. S. B, xv, p. 139; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus. p. 150; Blanford . Persia, p. 70; Danford and Alston, P, Z. S., 1880, p. 60. Gerbillus sp., Scully ¥, A. S. B., lvi, p. 71 (1887). Distribution—Afghan Turkistan and Afghanistan proper ex- tending south to Kandahar and west to South Persia. There seems to be no reason why the Balkh Gerbille should not be referred to G, erythrurus ; the skin agrees very well with those of this species in the Museum and the skull has the same extraordinarily inflated tympanic bulla so characteristic of G, erythrurus, and also resembles it in other respects, a, Skin and skull g Shiraz, 4,720 ft. Sir O. St. John. 6, Skin Afghanistan (Griffiths) India Mus., London. Ei 50 MAMMALIA. c. Skin, skull 9 Balkh, Afghan Turkes- C. E. Yate. tan, 4-7-86. ; d-e, 2 Stuffed, 1 Shiraz, 4,720 ft. Sir O. St. John. skull. ig. 2 Ale. é Muskaff, Beluchistan J. A. Murray. Gerbillus meridianus. Mus meridianus, Pallas Reise, ii, p. 702 (1773)*. ie Mus longipes, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., pp. 88, 314, pl. xviiis (1778). Dipus longipes, Schreber Saugeth., iv, p. 856 (1792). ~ Dipus meridianus, Pallas Zoogr. Ross. As., p. 182 (1831). Meriones meridianus, Lichtenstein in Evers, Reise nach Buchara, p. 122 (1823); Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1047. : Rhombomys meridianus, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl, iii, p. 492 (1843). Meriones fulvus, Zversmann Bull. Nat. Mosc., xxi, pt. 1, p. 195 (1848). Gerbillus brevicaudatus, apud A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), vii, P. 377 (1867). ; Gerbillus psammophilus, Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 144, pl. xa, fig. 1, pl. xi, figs. 3, 4 (1868). . Gerbillus cryptorhinus, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xliv, p. 108 (1875); id. Yarkand Mamm., p. 56, pls. x, xB, fig. 5. Gerbillus meridianus, Bichner Wiss, Result. Praewalski Reisen Rodentia, - P- 57 (1889). Distribution —The whole desert region of Central Asia from the north of Pekin to Yarkand; also the country round the Cas- pian sea. The above synonymy is copied from Bichner’s account of Przewalski’s Mammals; Bichner believes that the curious semi-circu- lar flap over the nose which was the character chiefly relied on by Blanford in distinguishing the Yarkand species, G. cryptorhinus, is purely artificial and can be easily produced by immersing the fresh animal in alcohol (cf. Lataste Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, XXxix, p. 267, 1885) ; he therefore identifies G. cryptorhinus with M. meridianus of Pallas. a. Skin Kargalik, Yarkand F. Stoliczka, [Type of G. cryptorhinus, Blanford.] é-e. 4Skins,2skulls Kargalik, Yarkand, F. Stoliczka. 5-11-73. Jf. Skin Yarkand, 20-5-74 F. Stoliczka, gj. 3 Skins Yangihissar, Yarkand, F. Stoliczka, 4°74. &. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka. 2. Alc. skull Yarkand F. Stoliczka. (Co-type of G. cryptorhinus, Blanford]. m-n. 2 Ale. Turkestan C. Ellis, Gerbillus hurrianz. Gerbillus hurriane, ¥erdon Mamm.,, p. 186 (1867) ; Blanfora Persia, p. 68; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 43. Gerbillus erythrourus, apud Ferdon Mamm., p. 185 (1867). GERBILLUS. 51 Distribution.— Afghanistan and Baluchistan, extending east- wards into Sind and the Punjab as far as Agra. a. Skin Afghanistan (Griffith) India Mus., London. 6. Skin 9 Dasht, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford, 30-1-72. : e-d, 2Skins 9 Bahu Kalat, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 2-2-7972. : e-f. 2 Skins N. W. of Sehwan, Sind, W. T. Blanford. 14-2-75. g. Skin Hissar dist.; Punjab T. C, Jerdon. Aj, 2 Skins Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Mus. &-l, 2Alc.1skull Dasht R., Baluchistan W. T. Blanford, $e m. Alc. skull @ W. T. Blanford. ” i” ” n. Alc. @ Pishin, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford. o-g. 3 Ale., @ Karachi Karachi Museum, 1 skull. _ ws. 2Alc, é i Karachi Museum. 1skull. a t-u. 2Ale. # 2 Karachi Museum. vy. 4Alc, 2S Khirabad nr, Attock, A. Barclay. 2juv, Punj. 7 zg. Stuffed Agra dist.” A. C. Carllyle (1870). 2. Stuffedjuv. ,, 4, Agra Mus, (1870). 67. Skeleton 9 Sind W. T. Blanford, c?-e%, 31Alc.1 skull Thar oa Parkar district, J. A. Murray. ( Sind. Sf? Skin Beebeenanee, Baluch. J. A. Murray. 2%. Alc. Q Sibi J. A. Murray. - h?.73, 2 Alc. Thar and Parkar dist, J. A. Murray. Sind. 3 1, 2 Ale. 9 & Sibi J. A. Murray. m*. Alc. @ Beebeenanee J._A. Murray. n*-p", 3 Alc. Jeysulmere, Rajpt., N. Belletty. 23-2-90. . Gerbillus nanus. Dipus gerbillus, Blanford Abyssinia, p. 284 (1870). Gerbillus nanus, Blanford Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), Xvi, p. 312 (1875); id. Persia, p. 72, pl. v, fig. 1. Distribution.—Baluchistan and Abyssinia. Mr. Thomas has kindly examined the Abyssinian specimens named by Blanford, Dipus gerbillus Oliv., and has pronounced them indistinguishable from Gerbillus nanus of Persia also dis- covered and named by Blanford. a. Ale, skull Saman, Dasht, Baluchis- W. T. Blanford. tan. [Type of G. nanus, Blanford.] b-e. 4 Alc. & skulls Zoulla, Annesley Bay, W. T. Blanford. 242 @Q Abyssinia, 52 MAMMALIA. J-g. 2 Skins g Zoulla, Annesley Bay, W. T. Blanford. Abyssinia A. Alc. @ Gulistan, Afghanistan J. A. Murray. j» Alc. Q Muskaff, Baluchistan J. A. Murray. Gerbillus gleadowi. Gerbillus gleadowi, Murray Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xvii, p. 246 (1886). Distribution,—Sind and Rajputana. The first examples of this species were collected in the Rohri District of Upper Sind ; the species appears to be closely allied to G. nanus from which it differs chiefly in having hairy instead of naked palms and soles. a-b, 2 Alc. Rajputana N. Belletty. Gerbillus swinhoei. Gerbillus swinhoei, Scully Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) viii, p. 228 (1881). Distribution —Afghanistan, between Kandahar and the Khojak Pass. This species resembles G. nanus of Blanford; it seems however to be distinguished by its tail, whichis much shorter, 31 inch, instead of 4°5 as inG. nanus, and by possessing a black pencil which is not present in the other species. [No specimens in the Museum.] Gerbillus pyramidarum. Dipus pyramidarum, Et. Geog’. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm. Mus. Paris, p. 202 (1803)*. Gerbillus pyramidarum, F. Cuvier Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 141, pl: xxv, fig. 6-9 (1841); Lataste Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux (4) ix, p. 260. Distribution.—Egypt. a. Ale, skull Q Heluan, Egypt Purchased. 6. Alc. juv. 53 i Purchased. Gerbillus obesus. Psammomys obesus, Cretzschmar, Rippell’s Atlas, p. 58, pls. xxii, xxiii, (1826) ; Blyth Cat. no. 355, p. 111. Gerbillus robustus, Loche Cat. Mamm. Ois. Alg., sp. §7 (1858)*. Gerbillus savii, Loche Expl. sc. de l Alg. Mamm., sp. 62 (1867)*. Gerbillus elegans, Heuglin Reise N. O. Afrika, ii, p. 80 (1877)*. Psammomys rouderei, Lataste, Le Nat., p. 492 (1881). Meriones obesus, Lataste Act. Soc. Linn, Bordeaux (4) ix, p. 269 (1885). Distribution.—North Africa, from Algeria to Egypt and possibly southwards to Senaar and Senegal. a. Stuffed Egypt E. Rippell, A.S.B. NESOKIA. 53 Genus ISOMYS. Isomys, Sundeval Kongl. Vetens, Akad, Handi, (1842)*. Isomys variegatus, Mus variegatus, Zs. Geof. St. Hil. Descrip. Egypt Nat. Hist. (1813)* Schinz Synop. Mamm.,, ii, p. 157. Isomys variegatus, Sundeval Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl. (1842)*, Distribution.—North-East Africa, a. Ale ¢ Cairo, Egypt Purchased. Genus NESOKIA. Nesokia, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842); Type, N. hardwickii. Spelseorys: Peters Abhand. Akad. Berlin, p. 139 (1860). Type, N. hard- WICKIL The genus was first put into its present form by Anderson (J. A.S. B., xlvii, p. 214), the number of species, however, re- cognised by Anderson were subsequently considerably reduced by Thomas (P. Z. S., 1881, p. 521), and it is the latter author who has been followed in compiling this catalogue. Synopsis of Indian species. a. Anterior palatine foramen shorter than the molar series ; mammze, 8; tail, about equal to body without head; head and body, 6 to 7 inches long. N. hardwickii, p. 53. a®?. Anterior palatine foramen equal to the molar series and con- siderably narrowed posteriorly ; mammez, 14-18; head and body 7 to 8 inches long. . N, bengalensis, p. 55. a®, Anterior palatine foramen as in N. bengalensis, but rather more open behind ; mamme, 12. é. Head and body about 12 inches; back with long harsh black piles. i . ‘ N. bandicota, p. 57. 8. Head and body g to 11 inches; black piles not so numer- ous or conspicuous. . . N. nemorivagus, p. 58. Nesokia hardwickii. Arvicola indica, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. xi (1832) [ec Mus indicus Bech,] : Mus hardwickii, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 585 (1837) ; Blyth Fi A. S. B., XXXIV, P. 193- Nesokia hardwickii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 265 (1842); Ferdon Mamm., p, 190; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Radde Zool., F. B., iv, po 1035+ 54 MAMMALIA. Mus huttoni, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 139 (1846). Nesokia griffithii, Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 145 (1851); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 332. Nesokia huttoni, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 332 (1863) ; Blanford Persia, p. 59, pl. vi, fig. 1. 4 . - Spalacomys indica, Peters “Abhandl. Akad. Berlin, p. 143, pl. ii, fig. 1, [sklZ] (1860). - Mus (Nesokia) hardwickii, Anderson $. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 221 (1878) ; Thomas P. Z. S., 1881, p. 524; Murray Zool. Sind, p, 44. Mus (Nesokia) huttoni, Anderson F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 223 (1878). Distribution.—The north-western part of India, extending west- wards through Sind to Baluchistan, Afghanistan and Transcaspia, and eastwards as far as Purneah in Bengal. An examination of the examples of this species in the Indian Museum shows that it is not possible to separate the two so-called species Nesokia hardwickii and Nesokia huttoni even as geogra- phical races ; of the specimens in the Museum from Sind, some have the soft fur of the typical N. huttoni form, some the harsh fur of N. hardwickii ; it is perhaps possible that this character may be due to the season, and that the animal acquires the soft woolly fur in the winter and the harsh fur in the summer; in the localities where this species is found, the extremes of heat and cold are very great, and this would perhaps favour this suggestion. a. Skin, skull Fatehgarh, N.-W. P. A. Anderson, 1872. b-d. 3 Skins, Sitapur, Oudh A. Barclay. 2 skulls. e. Alc., skull g Shahbandar, Sind, W. T. Blanford. 3-5-76. f. Alc., skull 9 Khor, Thar dist., Sind. W. T. Blanford. gj. 3 Alc. Q Karachi | Karachi Mus. [Ex.] k-u.11 Ale. 7skulls Fatehgarh, N.-W. P. A. Anderson, 1872. 1g10Q v. Alc., skull @ Purneah, Bengal J. Anderson. w. Alc. Q Karachi Karachi Mus. x. Skin, skull g Kalagan, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 12-3-72. y. Skin, skull Umballa, Pjb. R. C. Tytler. z. Stuffed, skull Umballa, Pyjb. R.C. Tytler. a?-d?,4 Alc., 1 skull Dakka, Afghan A. Barclay. S22 e. Alc. @ Thal, Kurram Valley, A. Barclay. Afghan. f?. Alec. @ Hassan Abdal, Rawal- A. Barclay. pindi, Pjb. g?. Alc. 2 Quetta Sir O. St. John. - i?-m*. § Alc 1 skull Kalagan, Baluchistan W. T. Blanford. 342 Q juv. Nesokia scullyi. Nesokia scullyi, Wood Mason, P. A.S.B., p. 80 (1876) ; Anderson F. A.S.B., xlvii, p. 224; Blanford Yarkand Mammals.,p 49, pl. viiia, and xa, fig, 2, NESOKIA. 55 ? Nesokia brachyura, Buchner Result. Wiss. Praewalski Reisen, Rodentia p. 82, pls. x, xi, fig. 1-9 (1889). Distribution — Has been found hitherto only in Kashgaria, at Sanju to the south of Yarkand. This species is distinguished from Nesokia hardwickii only by its much longer hind-foot and its somewhat larger skull ; another species has been recently described by Buchner (see above) as Nesokia brachyura; it is distinguished from N. scullyi and N. hardwickii by its size, its very short tail and its small hind-foot, notwithstanding this it is very possible that they would be found to be the same species on comparison of the types. a. Skin, skull g Sanju, E. Turkestan, J. Scully. 11-8-75. (Type of N. scullyi, Wood Mason. ] b-c. 2 Skins E, Turkestan C. Ellis. Nesokia bengalensis. Var. A.—typteus. Arvicola bengalensis, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl, xxi (1833-4). Mus daccaensis, Tytler Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 173 (1854). Mus tarayensis, Horsfield Ann. Mag., N. H. (2), xvi, p. 112 (1855); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 10. ; Mus plurimammis, Horsfield Ann. Mag., N. H. (2), xvi, p. 112 (1855); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 10; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxiv, p. 193; Ferdon Mamm., p. 196. : Mus morungensis, Horsfield Ann. Mag., N. H. (2), xvi, p. 112 (1855); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p, 10. 7 Nesokia indica, apud Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxxii, p. 328 (1863); Blyth Cat. no. 360, p. 112; Ferdon Mamm., p.187; Theobald P. A, S. B., 1866, p- 240; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 1870, p. 635; Blyth FA. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 38. 7 bes Mus (Nosokia), blythianus, Anderson F. A. S. Buy xlvii, p. 227, pl. xiii, figs. a-d (1878). Mus (Neen), barclayanus Anderson F. A. S, B., xlvii, p. 220, pl xiii, figs. i-l (1878) ; Blanford Yarkand Mamm.,, p. 46, pl. xa, fig. 1. Mus (Nesokia) bengalensis, Thomas P, Z.S., p. 526 (1881) ; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 44; Anderson Fourn. Linn. Soc., XXi, p» 341. Var, B.—kok. Mus kok, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §85 (1837) Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 66. . Mus (Neotoma) providens, Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 209 (1839). Mus dubius, Kelaart Fourn. Ceylon As. Soc., v, p. 217 (1850). Mus hardwickii, apud Kelaart Prod. Faun. Zeylan., p. 65 (1852). Mus (Nesokia) providens, Anderson F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 225, pl. xiii, figs. e-h (1878). The Mole Rat; Canarese, Kok ; Telegu, Golatta koku ; Bengali, Yenkrai. 56 MAMMALIA. Distribution.—This rat is found over the whole of India, from Kashmir and Sind in the north-west and from Cachar in the north-east southwards ; it is also recorded from Ceylon and Tenas- serim, and probably occurs throughout Burma. Anderson considered that the forms from North-Western India and from Southern India and Ceylon, were both specifically distinct from the form found in Bengal and Cachar; Thomas has shewn rightly that there are no reasonable grounds for such sub- division. As, however, the southern from is considerably smaller, it has been kept separate both in the synonymy and list as a geographical race. Var. A.—typicus. a. Skin Srinagar, Kashmir. F. Stoliczka, 6, Skin, skull _ » 48-73 F. Stoliczka. ec. Skin » » 28-73 ~—-F. Stoliczka. ad. Skin a » 2-8-73 — F. Stoliczka. e. Skin ‘i » 2°8-73 ~—*F. Stoliczka. Ff. Skin, skull Agra, N.-W. P. A.C. Carllyle, 1870. g- Skin, skull Ahmednagar, Bm. in hk. Skin, skull Manbhoom, 28-12-64 R.C. Beavan j. Skin, skull ¥§ Mus. Coll., 1866, A. Skin, skull g Calcutta, 1-6-76 O. L. Fraser. 2. Skin, skull 45 30-5-76 O. L. Fraser. m. Skin, skull ” 7-6-76 O. L. Fraser. nm. Skin, skull 9 iy 5-5-76 O. L. Fraser. o. Skin, skull ¢ i 31-5-76 O. L. Fraser, p. Skin, skull Gauhati 7-79 Mus. Coll. gq. Skin, skull Cachar Mus. Coll, 1867. vy. Skin i Mus. Coll., 1867. s. Skin 0 Mus. Coll., 1867. ¢. Skin Q@ Mergui 14-12-81 J. Anderson. uw Skin, skull ¢g Ps 17-12-81 J. Anderson. v, Skin, skull 9 ” 14-12-81 J. Anderson. w. Skin, skull g - 14-12-81 J. Anderson. x Skin a ie 17-12-81 J. Anderson, y. Skin, skull 9 5 12-12-81 J. Anderson, zg. Skin, skull ¢ +i 13-12-81 J. Anderson. a®.b?, 2 Stuffed, Manbhoom Mus, Coll, 2 skulls, c?.e%, 3 Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth, A.S.B. 2.73, 4 Stuffed Midnapore E. Blyth, A.S.B. 22, Stuffed, skull 2, Stuffed, skull Botanical Gds., Cal- cutta, 1-69. Botanical Gds,, Cal- cutta, 1-69. J. Anderson. J. Anderson, wm. Skull Howrah, Calcutta J. F. Simmons, n®, Alc. skull 9 Khairpur, Sind W. T. Blanford. o-e3, 17 Alc., Fattehgarh, N.-W.P. i-n. 3 Stuffed Cherrapoonjee, Assam _ F. Skipwith, A. S. B. [Types of Rhizomys pruinosus, Blyth.] o-p. 2 Alc. @ Ponsee, Kakhyen hills J. Anderson. q-t. 4 Alc. Qg J. Anderson. uy. 5 Alc. juv. Kakhyen hills” J. Anderson, sg. Viscera in alc. 34 ee J Anderson, a*, Skull —juv. ji ‘5 J. Anderson, Rhizomys badius. Rhizomys badius, Hodgson Calc. fourn, N. H., ii, p. 60 (1842) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 24; Blyth F. A. S. B., xii, p. 925; Horsfield Cat. £. 1. Mus. p. 165; Blyth Cat. no. 402, p. 122; Ferdon Mamm., p. 214; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 329, pls. xiv, xvi; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, Pp. 65, 7}. ¥2 s Rhizomys castaneus, Blyth F. A. S.B., xii, p. 1007 (1843); id. Caé#. no 403, p.- 123; Blanford F. A. S. B., xxxvi, p. 198; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 41; Blanford F. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 165. Distribution —This species has a somewhat wider range than the last. It is found in the Himalayas from Nepal eastwards and extends through Assam, Munipur, Arakan, and Burma, but does not seem to be found further south than the northern part of Tenasserim. a. Skin Nepal (Hodgson) India Museum, London. b-c. 2 Skins Naga hills J. Butler. ad. Skin é ” A. W. Chennell. ef. 2Skins Q Tsitkaw, Kakhyen hills J. Anderson. g. Skin 1 es J. Anderson. . A. Skin, gd Chenga, Darjeeling P Zoological Gardens. skeleton. j-k. 2 Stuffed, Sikkim Terai W. T. Blanford, A. S.B. 1 skull. l-m. 2 Stuffed, Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1843), A.S. B. skelet. mtd. [Types of Rhizomys castaneus, Blyth.] n. Stuffed Prome, Pegu W. T. Blanford, A. S. B. H 98 MAMMALIA o. Skeleton mted nr. Bhamo J. Anderson. . Skeleton : A Zoological Gardens. g-r.2Alc. g 2 Sikkim G. King. s, Alc. & ULingling, Bt. Sikkim T. Johnston. t. Alc. @ Cherrapoonjee, Assam H.H. Godwin Austen. u. Ale., skull @ Cachar J- Wood Mason. o Ale. 9 Munipur Col. Johnston. w. Ale, $ Kakhyen hills J? Anderson. «. Ale. @ Shwegyin, Tenasserim Major Berdmore, A. S. B. Genus BATHYERGUS. Bathyergus, Illiger Prodr., p. 86 (1811). Type, B. maritimus, Bathyergus maritimus, Mus maritimus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 140 (1788). Mus Suillus Schreber Saugeth., iv, p. 715, pl. ccivb. (1792). ) Bathyergus maritimus, J/liger Prodr., p. 86 (1811); Blyth Cat, no. 416, p. 126. Distribution.— South Africa. a-c, 3 Stuffed aaa W. S, Sherwill, A.S.B. Bathyergus splendens. Bathyergus splendens, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 36, pl. xii (1835); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 279. Distribution.—North-East Africa (Abyssinia). a-b. 2 Skins ¢Q Lake Ashangi, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. nia, c. Skeleton Lake Ashangi, Abyssi- W.T. Blanford. nia Genus GEORYCHUS. Georychus, Itliger Prodr., p. 87 (1811). Type, G. capensis. : Georychus ceecutiens. Bathyergus cecutiens, Brants Muizen, p. 37 (1827). Bathyergus hottentottus, Lesson et Garnot Bull. Sci. Nat., viii, p. 96 (1826). Georychus czcutiens, Schinz Synops. Mamm., ii, p. 127 (1845) ; Blyth Cat. no, 418, p. 127 Distribution.—South Africa. a-c, 3 Stuffed waclia W. S. Sherwill and E, L, Layard, A. S. B. ZAPUS. 99 Georychus capensis, Mus capensis, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 172 (1778). Georychus capensis, Iltiger Prodr., p. 87 (1811); Blyth Cat. no. 417, p. 127. Distribution,x—South Africa. a, Skin ‘sivas E. L. Layard (1860), A. S, B. Genus GEOMYS. Geomys, Rajfinesque, Am. Month, Mag., ii, p. 45 (1817)*. ' Diplostoma, Rajinesque, Am, Month. Mag., ii, p. 45 (1817)*. Saccophorus, Kuhl Beitr. Zool., p. 65 (1820). Type, G bursarius, Pseudostoma, Say Long's Exped. Rock. Mts ,i, p. 406 (1823)*. Batons, Lichtenstein Abhana. Akad. Berlin, 1822-3, p. 20(1825). Type, G. ursarius, Geomys bursarius. Mus bursarius, Shaw Linn. Trans., v, p. 227, pl. viit (1800). Geomys cinereus, Rajfinesgue Am. Month. Mag., ii, p. 45 (1817)*. Saccophorus bursarius, KuAl. Beitr. Zool., p “65 (1820). Pseudostoma bursarius, Say Long's Exped. Rock. Mts., i, p. 406 (1823)*. nseerys canadensis, Lichtenstcin Abhand. Akad. Berlin, 1822-3, p. 13 (1825). . Geomys bursarius, Richardson Ann. Rep. B. Assoc., vi, p. 150 (1837) $ Coues Monographs N Amer. Rodents., p. 612. Geomys drummondii, Richardson Ann. Rep. B. Assoc., vi, p. 157 (1837)- Geomys oregonensis, Leconte P. Acad. N. Sci. Philad., vi, p. 160 (1854). Geomys breviceps, Baird P. Acad. N. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 335 (1856). The Pocket Gopher. Distribution,—Central States of North America, the valley of the Mississippi in a board sense. a-b, 2Skins ¢9 Texas, 2-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] Genus ZAPUS. Zapus, Coues Bull, U. S. Geol. Surv, Terr, (2), no. 5, P. 253 (1876) Type, Z. hudsonius. Zapus hudsonius. ‘ Dipus hudsonius, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 358 (1780). Dipus canadensis, Davies Linn. Trans., iy, pl. viii, figs. 5-6, p. 157 (1798). Dipus americanus, Barton Trans, Amer. Philos. Soc., iv, p. 115 (1799). Dipus labradorius, Turton, Syst. Nat., i, p, 99 (1806)*. Meriones microcephalus, Harlan P. Z. S., p. 1 (1839). Meriones accadians, Dawson Edin. Philos. Fourn., iii, p. 2, pl. i (1856). Zapus hudsonius, Cowes Bull, U.S. Geol. Surv. err. (2), no. §; Pp. 254 (1876) ; id, Monographs N. Amer, Rodents., p. 467. H 2 100 MAMMALIA. Distribution.—North America generally from lat. 62° south- wards. \ a. Alc. Pelee Ont., Canada J. H. Garnier (Ex.] Genus DIPUS. Dipus Schreber, Saéugeth., iv, p. 840 (1792). Dipus lagopus. Dipus lagopus, Lichtenstein, Eversmann Reise nach Buchara, p. 121 (1823); Brandt Bull. Azad. St. Petersb., ii, p. 218*; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 58; Severtzog Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 56, Distribution.—Western and Eastern Turkistan. a. Skin, skull Yarkand, 20-5-74 F, Stoliczka. 6. Skin Yangihissar, 4-74 F. Stoliczka, ec, Skin Koshtak, 2-4-73 F. Stoliczka. d. Skin, skull @ Yarkand, 28-7-75 J. Scully. e-f. 2 Skins, 1 skull Kilian, Turkestan C, Ellis. g. Alc. 4 Turkestan C. Ellis, Dipus blanfordi. Dipus macrotarsus, apud Blanford, Persia, p. 74 (1876). Dipus blanfordi, Murray Ann. Mag. N.'H. (5), xiv, p. 98 (1884). Distribution.—Persia generally. The specimen below was identified with considerable doubt by Blanford with Dipus macrotarsus of Wagner; since that time several more specimens exhibiting the peculiar colouration of Blanford’s specimen have been procured for the Karachi Museum, and Murray has given the species a new name; whether it -will really turn outto be distinct from the true D. microtarsus which was got from Sinai, can only be settled by a comparison of the specimen below with Wagner’s type now probably in the Berlin Museum, a. Alc., skull Kam nr. Teheran W. T. Blanford. Dipus jaculus. Mus jaculus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 85 (1766). Dipus gerboa, Olivier Bull. Soc. Philom.; ii, p. 121 (1800)*. Dipus bipes, Lichtenstein Verzeich, Doublett. Mus. Berlin, p. § (1823)*. Dipus zgyptius, Lichtenstein Darstell., pl, xxii (1827); Cp anat Mem. Acad, St. Petersb., ii. p. 217*; Lataste Ann. Mus, Genoa, xviii, p. 672. Dipus mauritanicus, ‘Duvernoy Mem. Soc, Strasburg, iii, pt. 2, p. 30, pls. iii, iv (1842); Blyth Cals, no. 351, p. 110. Distribution—From North Arabia westwards through Lower, Egypt as far as the province of Oran in Algeria. PECTINATOR. Io! The specific name egyptius was first used by Hasselquist, a pre-Linnzan writer and is therefore incorrect; as is pointed ‘out by Thomas (Ann. Mag. N. H. (s), viii, p. 14), the proper name for this species is Dipus jaculus of Linnzeus. a-d, 4 Alc., t skull nr. Alexandria, Egypt Purchased. 2829 e. Alc. skull g Heluan, Egypt Purchased. J. Stuffed, skull Algeria -A. Malherbe, A.S.B. Genus ALACTAGA. Alactaga, F. Cuvier Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 131 (1841). Type, A. arundinis, Scirtetes, Wagner Archiv f. Natur., vii, pt. 1, p. 119 (1841). Alactaga decumana. Mus jaculus, apud Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad, e Glir., p. 275, pl. xx., (1778). Dipus jaculus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 157 (1788) [pt]; Brandt Bull, Acad. St., Peters., ii, p. 220*. Dipus spiculum, Lichtenstein Abhand. Akad. Berlin. 1825, p. 154, pl. vii (1828). Dipus ducumana, Lichtenstein Abhand. Akad. Berlin, 1825, p. 154, pl. vi (1828); Blanford Persia, p 78. Dipus vexillarius, Eversmann Bull, Nat, Mosc., p. 42 (1840). Distribution.—Central Asia extending southwards to Bushire. a. Skin, skull, nr. Bushire Sir O. St. John. Alactaga indica. Alactaga indica, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 262 (1842); Hutton $. A. S. ’ B., xv, p.137; Horsfield Cat. E. J. Mus., p. 149; Blanford Persia, p, 977; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1880, p. 538; Thomas Linn, Trans, (2) v, . 60, Alectags bactriana, Blyth Cat. no. 352, p. 110 (1863). Distribution.—Afghanistan from the Simkoh hills southwards to Baluchistan and eastwards to Shiraz. a. Alc., skull Katru, nr, Shiraz W. T. Blanford. &. Skin Afghanistan (Griffith) India Mus , London. c. Stuffed Afghanistan * Old Collection, A. S. B. Genus PECTINATOR. Pectinator, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 294, (1855). Zype, P. spekii. Pectinator spekii. Pectinator spekii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 204 (1895); Heuglin Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro. (3), viii, 1861, p. 1, pl. ii; Blyth Cat, no. 427, p. 130; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 281. 102 MAMMALIA. Distribution.—North-east Africa, the Somali country and Abys- sinia, a. Skin Somali country J. H. Speke, A. S. B. [Type of Pectinator spekii, Blyth.] 6. Skin Senafe Pass, Abys- W. T. Blanford, sinia, 2-68. e-d. 2 Skins Undul weles, Abys- W. T. Blanford. sinia, 4-68. : e-f, 2 Skins Sooroo Pass, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 6-68. g. Skin Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, h-l. 4 Alc. Undul weles, Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. m. Skeleton Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. n. Skeleton in i W. T. Blanford. ale. Genus SCHIZODON. Schizodon, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 91 (1841). Type, S. fuscus, Schizodon fuscus. Schizodon fuscus, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. gt (3841); id. Nat, Hist. Mamm., ii p. 265. Distribution —Chili, a. Stuffed Chili Brit. Mus. [Ex.] Genus SPALACOPUS. Spalacopus, Wagler Isis., p. 1219 (1832). Type, S. poeppigii. Poephagomys, F. Cuvier Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), i, p. 321 (1834). Type, S. poeppigii. Psammoryctes, Pappig Archiv. f. Natur., i, pt. 1, p. 252 (1835). Type, S. poeppigii. Spalacopus poeppigii. Spalacopus poeppigii, Wagler Isis., p. 1219 (1832); Waterhouse Nat. Hist., Mamm., ii, p. 260, pl. ix, fig. i; Blyth Cat. no. 420, p. 127. 7 Poephagomys ater, F. Cuvier Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), i, p. 321, pl. xiii (1834). Psammoryctes noctivagus, Poeppig Archiv. f. Natur.,i, pt. 1, p. 252 (1835) Distribution.— Chili. a. Stuffed Chili C. T. Eyton (1849), A. 5S. B Genus OCTODON. Octodon, Bennett, P. Z. S., p. 46 (1832). Type, O. degus. tie Meyen Nova Acta Acad, Leop. Caro., xvi, p. 600 (1833). Type, . degus, . ERETHIZON 103 Octodon degus. Sciurus degus, Molina Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, pp. 303, 342 (1782)%; Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 1§2. : Qctodon Sait Heese P.Z.S., p. 47 (1832); id. Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, p. 81, pl. xvi. Octodon pallidus, Wagner Archiv, f. Natur., xi, pt. 2, p. 33 (1845). Bes degus, Meyen Nova Acta Acad. Leop, Cavo., xvi, p. 600, p}. xliv (1833). Octodon degus, Waterhouse Nat. Hist, Mamm.,, ii, p. 253 (1848); Blyth Cat, no. 419, p. 127. Distribution.—Chili, a. Stuffed Chili C. T. Eyton (1846), A. S. B. Genus SYNETHERES. Synetheres, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris ix, p- 433 (4822). Type, S. pre- hensilis. Cercolabes, Brandt Mamm. Exot. Noo., p. 55 (1835). Synetheres prehensilis. Hystrix prehensilis, Zixneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766). Hystrix cuandu, Desmarest Mamm., p. 346 (1820). Synetheres prehensilis, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, ix, pp. 427, 433, pl. xx ter, figs. 3 and 4 (1822). Cercolabes prehensilis, Brandt Mamm. Exot. Nov., p. 60, pl. ix, figs. 5-9 (1835); Waterhouse Nat. Hist, Mamm., ii, p. 410. : Disiribution—-The Brazilian region of South America. @. Ale. GS. eae Purchased, Genus ERETHIZON, Erethizon, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, ix, p. 432 (1822). Type, E. dorsatus. _ Echinoprocta, Gray P, Z. S., p. 321 (1865). Type, E. rufescens. Erethizon dorsatus. Hystrix dorsata, Linnaus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 76 (1766). Erethizon dorsatus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus., Paris, ix, p. 425, pl, xx fer, figs, 1, 2 & 8 (1822) ; Allen Monographs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 388 in Hystrix hudsonius, Dekay New York Zool.,i, p. 77, pl. xxvi, fig. 1, pl. viii, fig. 2 (1842). The Canada Porcupine, __ Distribution.—Middle and northerly portions of the North American Continent. a-b, 2 Skulls Upton, Maine, U.S, A. W. Theobald, 104 MAMMALIA Genus ATHERURA. Atherura, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., and ed., i, p. 215 (1829). Type, A. mac- roura, The skull of the African species of Atherura is distinguishable at once from that of the Asiatic species by the fact that the poste- ‘rior nasal opening is in the former species opposite the last molar, whereas in the latter, it is extended forward to opposite the penul- ‘timate molar. . Besides the two species mentioned below, there is a third, the true A. fasciculata of Shaw, found only in Siam, in which the cuudal bristles are simple and flattened, and not twisted and irregularly dilated. Atherura macroura, Hystrix macroura, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 77 (1766). Atherura fasciculata, apud G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 2nd ed.,i, p. 215 (1829); Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 2573 Gray P. Z. S., 1847, p. 104; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 147; Blyth Cat. no. 424, p. 129; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 1871, p. 236; Blyth $.A-S. B. xliv, Burma List, p. 43; An- derson F., Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 341. Atherura macroura, Waterhouse Nat. Hit. Mamm., ii, p. 472; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 519; Gunther P. Z. S., 1876, p. 742; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 71. Brush-tailed Porcupine. a-b, 2 Skins, ¢ Q Tiboo Padan, Mergui, J Anderson. 2skeletons, 7-2-82, ec. Skin No history, A. S.B. d. Stuffed, skull Tipperah R. W.G. Frith, A. S. B. e. Stuffed, skull Malacca Rev. F. Lindstedt, A.S. B. f Sheer wasnies Zoological Gardens. mted. Atherura africana. Atherura africana, Gray Ann. Mag., N. H.,x, p. 261 (1842); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm.., ii, p. 4763 Gunther P. Z. S., 1876, p. 742. Distribution —Western Africa. a. Skin, — skull, janie W. Rutledge. and bones ¢ Genus HYSTRIX, Hystrix Linnaeus, Syst. Nat, 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766). Type, H. cristata. Beer a F, Cuvier Mem. Mus.. Paris, ix, p. 431 (1822). Type, H. longi- cauda, CEdocephalus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 308 (1866). Type, H. crista‘a.- Acanthoecherus, Gray P, Z. S., p. 310 (1866). Type, H. longicauda. HYSTRIX, 105 Key of Indian Species. a. Crest well developed; skull with enormously inflated nasal region; the frontal processes of the premaxillae wide, trun- cated, and extending back as far as the nasals. H. leucurus, p. 105. a*, Crest but slightly if at all developed; skull with the nasals not inflated, and the nasals extending further back than the frontal processes of the premaxillae. 4. Nasal bones expanded behind and extending back to a level with the middle of the orbits; frontal processes of the premaxillae narrow and almost pointed. H. longicauda, p. 106. 2°, Nasal bones of equal width throughout, and hardly extending backwards to a level with the lacymal bones; frontal processes of the premaxillae wide and truncated. H. yunnanensis, p. 107. Hystrix cristata. Hystrix cristata, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766); Brandt Mamm. Exot. Nov. ps 35, pl. viii, figs, 1-2; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p 448, pl. xx, fig.1; P. ZL. Sclater P. Z, S., 1871, p. 233; Danford and Alston P, Z. S., 1877, po 281. Acanthion cuvieri, Gray P. Z. S., p. 102 (1847). (CEdocephalus cuvieri, Gray P, Z. S., p. 308 (1866). The European Porcupine. Distribution —Southern Europe and Northern Africa, ranging as far as Zanzibar? a. Stuffed, skelee Zanzibar? Zoological Gardens. ton 2 Hystrix leucurus. Hystrix leucurus, Sykes P.Z S.,p. 103 (1831); Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 218; Gray P. Z.S., 1847; p. 100; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 146; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 70; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p 520; Blyth Cat. no, 421, p. 128; Gray P. Z, S., 1866, p. 308; Ferdon Mamm., p.218; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 55; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, Pp. 233; Stoliczka FA. S. B., xli, p. 228; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 48; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 57- 7 Hystrix cristata, apud Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii pl. xiv (1834); Hutton F. A, S. Ba, XV, Pe 136; Blanford Persia, p. 80. Hystrix hirsutirostris, Brandt Mamm. Exot, Nov., p. 39, pl. viii, figs. 3-6 (1835); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 454, pl. xx, fig. 2; Wagner Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 573; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxi, p. 351. Hystrix zeylonensis, Blyth F. A. S. B., xX, p. 171 (1851). ; Hystrix malabarica, P. L, Sclater P. Z. S. p. 353, pl. xvi (1865) ; Gray P.Z.S., 1866, p. 308, 106 MAMMALIA. The Indian Crested Porcupine; Sahi, Sayal, Sirsel, Hind. ; Saori, Guzerat ; Salendra, Mahrathi; Yed, Canarese ; Yeddu-pandi, Ta- mil ; Heetava, Cingalese, Distribution.—India from Sind and the Himalayas southwards to Ceylon; Baluchistan ; eastwards not extending to Lower Bengal. The Baluchistan skull (c.f. Blanford’s Persia) seems to agree much better with the Indian skulls than with that of H. cristata, of which however there is only one specimen in the Museum, the skull of which exactly agrees with the skull of H. cristata as -figured in Waterhouse’s Mammalia, being distinguished from H. leucura by its posteriorly broadened nasals and by its much narrower nasal process of the premaxillae. a-b, 2 Skins Jemper, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.] ce, Skin, juv. Fe a é Karachi Mus. [Ex.] d. Skin Ceylon? Zoological Gardens, e. Staffed, juv. 4s E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. (Type of Hystrix zeylonensis, Blyth.] Ff. Skin = juve eins A.S.B. g. Skull Pind Dadan Khan W. Theobald, A.S.B.~ h. Skull Ceylon E, F. Kelaart, A.S.B. gj. Skull 5 E. L. Layard, A.S.B. &. Skull Allahabad J. Cockburn. 1, Skull No history A.SB. m, Skin, skull @ Jalk, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 15-3-72. n. Skin 2 Agra dist, Agra Mus. o. Skin of head South India Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. p. Alc. JUV, aa ee W. Rutledge, Hystrix longicauda. Hystrix longicauda, Marsden Hist. Sumatra, 3rd ed., p. 118, pl. xiii (1810) ; Raffles Linn Trans., xiii, p. 258; Cantor ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 256; Blyth Cat. no 423, p.129[pt.]; ferdon Mamm., p. 221 (pt.]; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 56; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 234; Blyth F A. S. By, xliv, Burma List, p. 42. Hystrix fasciculata, Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 36 (1839). Acanthion hodgsonii, Gray P. Z.S., p. tor (1847); id. P. Z. S., 1866, p. 310. Hystrix alophus, Hodgson, ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 771, pl. xxxii (1847); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 11. Hystrix hodgsoni, Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., p. 461, pl. xx, fig. 3 (1848). Hystrix bengalensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 170 (1851); Blyth Cat, no. 422, p. 128; Ferdon Mamm., p. 220. Acanthocheerus grotei, Gray P. Z. S., p. 310, pl. xxxi (1866). The Crestless Porcupine; Sajru, Bengal; Anchotia Dumsi- Nepal; Sathung, Lepch; Phyoo, Tenasserim. Distribution.—Himalayas from Nepal eastwards, Lower Bengal, HYSTRIX. 107 Assam, Burma and the Malay peninsula, extending to the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. _All the skulls in the Museum of the crestless type of Porcu- pine with one exception are of the type figured by Waterhouse (/. c.) distinguished by their long posteriorly rounded and expand- ed nasal bones, the other type figured by Waterhouse as H. javanica is distinguished by its short truncated nasals which do not reach as far back as the level of the lacrymal-bone ; there is one skull of this type in the Museum—see below under H. yunnan- ensis ; there does not seem to be any real difference between the three so-called species H. longicauda, H. bengalensis and H. hodg- soni, unless it is that in the last named there is no trace of a crest, whereas a small crest is present in H. bengalensis and H. longi- cauda; the skulls of these species vary enormously and no dis- tinctions can be found which do not break down when a series are examined. a. Skin, skull — Nepal Valley, 4-78 J. Scully. 4. Skin, skull = Nepal B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. e. Skin, skull Darjeeling E. Blyth (1832) A.S.B. d. Skin, skull Sikkim L, Mandelli. e. Skin, juv Arakan L. Mandelli, A.S.B. JF. Stuffed skull Bates E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. (Type of H. bengalensis, Blyth.] g. Stuffed, juv. obae A.S.B. A. Stuffed skull, Malacca AS.B. j- Stuffed skull, areas Rajah R. Mullick 29-12-71 &. Skeleton, mtd. aa Rajah R, Mullick, A.S.B. % Skeleton $ aaa Babu H. M. Roy, A.S.B. m. Skeleton ; No history. n. Skull Assam F. Jenkins, A.S.B. o-s. 5 Skulls No history. Hystrix yunnanensis. Hystrix yunnanensis, Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p 332 (1878). Distribution.—Kakhyen hills of Upper Burma. The skull of this species, as is pointed out by Anderson, (2. ¢.) resembles very closely that of H. javanica, described and figured by Waterhouse (Mamm., ii, p. 465, pl. xx, fig. 4), the great feature of the skull being the short nasals which do not extend back as far as the anterior level of the lacrymal bones and the consequent increase in size of the frontals, Ginther (P.Z.S., 1876, p. 737) has -described a species of Hystrix from Borneo as H. crassispinus, the skull of which (woodcut fig. 1), also agrees very closely with the Yunnan skull ; the Borneo species, judging from the plate, does not appear to be crested, in this resembling H. javanica, but it is distinguished by its very large and thick spines, some of which 108 MAMMALIA, are twice as thick as an incisor tooth ; the Yunnan species on the other hand, has a small crest and the spines are of a moderate size, at least none are as large as the incisor teeth. The skull of H. javanica, which was figured by Cuvier (Mem. Mus. Paris, ix, pl. ix, figs. 3-4) seems to be of the same type as H. longicauda with posteriorly extended and swollen nasals, a. Skin, skull Kakhyen hills J. Anderson. {Type of Hystrix yunnanenis, Anderson.] Genus LAGOSTOMUS. Lagostomus, Brookes Linn. Trans., xvi, p. 102 (1828). Lagostomus trichodactylus. Lagostomus trichodactylus, Brookes Linn. Trans., xvi, p. 102, pl. ix (1828); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 212. The Viscacha. Distribution.—The open plains of the southern part of South America. @a,Skeleton aa . W. Rutledge. Genus CH LOGENYS. Ceelogenus, F. Cuvier Ann. Mus., Paris, x, p. 203 (1807). Ceelogenys. lidiger Prodr., p. 92 (1811). Ceelogenys paca. Mus paca, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 81 (1866), Ccelogenus subniger i . 5 Coelogenus fulvus } F. Cuvier Ann. Mus., Paris, 8, p. 206, pl., ix (1807). Celogenys paca, Blyth Cat. no. 420, p.128 (1863); Alston Biol. Centr. Amer. Mamm., p. 174. Distribution.—From Vera Cruz in Mexico southwards through Central and South America to Paraguay. a. Skin ates No history, &. Skin igen W. Rutledge. d. Stuffed South America. E. Blyth, A.S.B. e. Stuffed Purchased. Ff. Skeleton mtd. E. Blyth, A.S.B, g-h. 2 Skulls E, Blyth, A.S.B. Genus CAVIA, Cavia, Pallas Miscell. Zool,. p. 30 (1766)*. LAGOMYS. 109 Cavia porcellus, Mus porcellus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 79 (1766). Cavia cobaya, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 122 (1788); Blyth Cat, no. 426, p. 129; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm, ii, p. 185. The Guinea Pig. Distribution.—South America, only known domesticated. a. Skin g dveivus Purchased. 6. Skin, skull ¢ sities Purchased. c. Skin $ Se Sas Zoological Gardens. ad, Stuffed sare A. D. Bartlett (1849), A.S.B. e. Skeleton 9 sau? W. Rutledge, Cavia australis. Cavia australis, /s. Geof. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool., iii, pl. 129* ; Blyth Cat. no. 425, p. 120. Kerodon kingii, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 190 (1835). Distribution.—Patagonia. a, Stuffed wsebiue C. T. Eyton, A.S.B. Genus HYDROCHCG:RUS, Hydrocheerus, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 191 (1777). Hydrocherus capybara., Hydrocherus capybara Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim, p. 193 (1777). Distribution.—South America from Guiana to Paraguay, a. Skeleton mtd. sauce W. Rutledge. & Skull aa : E. Blyth, A.S.B. Genus LAGOMYS. Lagomys, Cuvier Regne Anim., and ed., i, p. 218 (1829). Key of the Indian Species. a. Larger forms generally over 7 inches in length. 6, Fur sandy rufous ; skull very narrow between the orbits, c. Ear long about 1 inch; no white nuchal patch ; skull with the anterior palatine foramen divided into an anterior and posterior portion by the inwardly projecting palatal plates,of the premaxillae. L. ladacensis, p. 110. c, Ear shorter, only about *75 inch; a large conspicuous white 110 MAMMALIA. patch at the back of the neck; the anterior palatine foramen not divided as above. L. rufescens, p. 111. 57. Fur grayish ; skull not contracted between the orbits, but with a pair of foramina at the narrowest point at the anterior ends of the frontal bones; the anterior palatine foramen not divided. - L. macrotis, p. 110. a*, Smaller, generally under 7 inches in length; fur very long, soft, and rufous; skull broad between the orbits; and the anterior palatine foramen not divided. L. roylei, p. 112. Lagomys ladacensis. Lagomys curzoniz, apud Stolicska F. A, S. B., xxxiv, p. 108 (1865) ; Ander- son P, Z. S., 1871, p. 562. . Lagomys ladacensis, Ginther Ann. Mag. N. H. (4),xvi, p. 231 (1875); Blanford F. A. S. B. xiv, p. 110; id. Yarkand Mammals, p.71, pl. vi fig .i, pl. vii, fig. 2, pl. viia, fig. 1. Distribution — The higher regions of Eastern Ladak from 15,000 feet to 19,000 feet. a-d. 4 Skins 9 Chagra, Ladak,15-7-70 G. Henderson. e. Skin ” » 7-10-70 G. Henderson. f-g. 2Skins 9 Luksung, Ladak, 24-6-70 G. Henderson. and juv. h-k. 3 Skins ¢ ” ” 7-70 G. Henderson. d. Skin Ladak G. Henderson. m. Skin, skull Chagra, Ladak, at-9-73 ‘F. Stoliczka. n-o-p. 3 Skins Rimdi, Ladak. F. Stoliczka. 17,000 feet, 22=9-73. = q. Skin Kaziljilga, Ladak F. Stoliczka. rs. 2 Skins, Gogra, Ladak. F. Stoliczka. 1 skull. t. Skin Ladak P F. Stoliczka, u-v, 2Skins g Kizitlagh Karakorum C. Ellis. g Pass, 17,500 ft. 24-7-83 w. Skin, skull Karakorum Brangsa, C. Ellis. 23-7-83. x. Skeleton Rimdi, Ladak F, Stoliczka. 17,000 ft. 22-9-73. y. Stuffed Ladak F. Stoliczka (1864), A.S.B. 3, Alc. Ladak G. Henderson. Lagomys macrotis. Lagomys macrotis, Giinther Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 231 (Sept. 1875) ; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 75; Scully Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 100; id. P. Z. S., 1881, ps 207. Lagomys auritus, Blanford $.A.S.B., xliv, p 111 (Oct. 1875); id. FA. S. B., x\vi, p. 326; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 74, pl. vi, fig. 2, pl. viia, fig. 2. Lagomys griseus, Blanford ¥. A.S.B., xliv, p. 111 (Oct. 1875) ; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 77, pl. vii, fig. 1, pl. viia, fig. 3. LAGOMYS IIt Distribution—Ladak more especially the western part; has a somewhat more extended distribution than the last species. The additional number of specimens received since the publica- tion of Blanford’s Yarkand Mammals confirms what Blanford hinted at in that work that Lagomys macrotis, L. auritus and L. griseus are conspecific. There is no distinction to be found between the skulls of these three so-called species, and the colour and degree of harshness of the fur varies considerably in each* individual. a. Skinand —_ Lukong, Pankong Lake, F. Stoliczka. skull. Ladak, 199-73. (Type of Lagomys auritus, Blanford.] 6, Skin and Lukong F. Stoliczka. skeleton. } e-d. 2Skins,1 skull S. of Sanju Pass F. Stoliczka. Kuenlun Mts., 22-10-73. (Type of Lagomys griseus, Blanford.] e. Skin, skull Duba, Kuenlun Mts.? F. Stoliczka. 6-6-74. J. Skin Above Kharbu, Ladak. F. Stoliczka. 14,000 ft., 22-8-73 g. Skia Leh, Ladak, 21-9-73 F. Stoliczka. h-j. 2 Skins i » ©27-9-73- ~~~‘. Stoliczka. k. Skin 1 30-9-73- F. Stoliczka. 1. Skin, skull 9 Kishengunga Valley, J. Biddulph. Kashmir, 7,500 ft., 21-5-76. : , m, Skin G lgitdist., 10,000 ft., J. Biddulph. 23-6-76, a. Skin @ Gilgit, 12,000 ft. J. Scully. v. Skin, skull Dayoor, Gilgit, J. Scully. 7,500 ft. Lagomys rufescens, Lagomys rufescens, Gray Ann. Mag. N.H., x, p. 266 (1842); Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 140; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 20; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 149; Blyth Cat. NO 440, P. 133 ; Blanford Persia, p. 83 pl. vi, fig. 2; Scully F. A. $.2., Ivi, p. 76; Murray Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xiv, p. 100; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1053. Distribution—Persia and Afghanistan extending to Afghan- Turkestan and parts of Transcaspia. a-b, 2Skins @ Kobrud, Persia, W, T. Blanford. 9,000 ft., 7-72+ c-e. 3 Skins Q Kohrud, Persia, W. T. Blanford. 9,000 ft , 7-72+ fh. 3 Skins 9 Kohrud, Persia, W. T. Blanford, 9,000 ft., 7-7 2. 112 MAMMALIA. j- Skin, é@ Sika Ram Mt.,Kurrum J, E. T. Aitchison. skull. Valley, 11,000 to 12,000 ft. k-l, 2 Skins, ¢ Q Shadian, Afghan C.E. Yate. 1 skull. Turkistan, 8-86. m. Skeleton g Kohrud, Persia. W. T. Blanford. n. Stuffed Kandahar T. Hutton ( 846), A.S.B. o-p. 2 Alc. @ Kohrud, Persia W. T. Blanford. qt. 4 Alc. co} ‘ an W. T. Blanford. u. Alc. juy. fs i W. T. Blanford. v-w. 2 Skulls ay a W. T. Blanford. x, Skull Kandahar T. Hutton (1846), A.S.B. Lagomys roylei. Lagomys roylei, Ogilby Royle’s Himal.Bot., p \xiz, pl. iv (1839) ; Zs. Geoff, St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, iv, p. 62; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ji, p 26; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p.§75; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 520; Blyth Cat. no. 439, p. 133; Ferdon Mamm., p. 226; Blanford F. A. S.B., xli, p. 35; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286; Scully Ann. Mag. N. A. (5) viii, p. 100. a Lagomys hodgsonii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 816, figure on p. 844 (1841); Waterhouse Nat, Hist. Mamm., ii, p 23. Lagomys nepalensis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 854, figure on p. 816 (1841) ; id. F. A. S. B., xi, p. 289; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 24; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p.21; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., 148; Giinther Ann. Mag. N. H. (4) xvi, p. 230. Distribution —The Himalayas generally from Kashmir to Sik- kim. Two other species of Lagomys, allied to L. roylei, have been described, whether they are identical with L. roylei cannot be decided without an examination of the types; one is L. curzonie of Hodgson (J.A.S. B., xxvi, p. 207) procured from the Chumbi Valley of Thibet; this is asserted by Giinther (Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 230) to be quite distinct from the other Himalayan spe- cies, the other is L. tibetanus of Milne Edwards from Moupin in Thibet, and this seems to be closely allied to L. roylei. a. Skin, skull Mataian, Dras valley, F. Stoliczka. Kashmir, 12,000 ft., 15-8-73. 6. Skin, skull Deosai plain, Kashmir J. Scully. (Biddulph )11,000 to 12,coo ft. c. Skin Sange-Pir,above Astor, G. M. Giles. Kashmir, 15,000 t. d. Skin, skull Kashmir J. E. T. Atchison. e. Skin, skull Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London, fl. 6 Stuffed lias ASB. m-n, 2 Alc. 1 skall Native Sikkim W’. T. Blanford. Genus LEPUS. Lepus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 77 (1766). Caprolagus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 248 (1845). Zype, L. hispidus, LEPUS. 113 Key of the Indian Species. a, Ears longer than the head. 6. Fur distinctly curly ; tail white. c. Rump grayish ; ears posteriorly brown. , L. hypsibius, p. 113. c?, Rump french gray, contrasting strongly with the colour of the back ; ear posteriorly white. L, pallipes, p. 114. 6°, Fur straight ; tail never wholly white. d. Tail black above ; nape never black. ; e. Fur very soft and thick ; ear about 4'5 inches ; tarsus about 4°75 inches in the dry skin; nasals rounded or truncated posteriorly ; posterior wing of postorbital process of the frontal bone free. . L. tibetanus, p. 114. e*. Fur not so soft ; ear about 5°5 inches ; tarsus 4°25 inches ; nasals as in L, tibetanus ; posterior wing of postorbital process of the frontal bone meeting the squamosal. L, dayanus, p. 115. é. Fur coarse; ear about 4 inches; tarsus 4°25 inches; nasals acutely pointed posteriorly and externally ; pos- terior wing of postorbical process free, : L. peguensis, p. 117. d®, Tail and nape black. ‘i . L. nigricollis, p. 116. a3, Tail red above . ‘ . L. ruficaudatus, p. 116. a", Ears shorter than the head ; fur very coarse. L. hispidus, p. 117. Lepus hypsibius. Lepus oistolus, apud Adams P. Z. S., p. 520 (1858). Lepus pallipes, apud Blyth Cat. no. 433, p. 131 (1863); Blanford F A.S. B., xliv, p. 109. ; ; Lepus hypsibius, Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 214 (1875); id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 60, pl. iii, fig. i, pl. iva, fig. i. . Distribution —Northern Ladak. a, Skin Pamzal, Changchemno F. Stoliczka. Valley, Ladak, 29-8-73. ; 6. Skin, skull Kium, N. Ladak F. Stoliczka, [Co-types of Lepus hypsibius, Blanford,] ce. Skin West Thibet ? E, Smyth, A.S.B. 114 MAMMALIA. Lepus pallipes. Lepus pallipes, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xi, p. 288, pl. ii (1842); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm.,, ii, p. 62; Cunningham Ladak, p. 203; Horsfeld P. Z.S., 1886, p. 401; Blanford, P. A. S. B., 1875, pe 198; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 62; pl. iii, fig. 2. . . ? Lepus oiostolus, Hodgson F. A, S, B., ix, p.1186 (1840); id. F. A. S. B., xi, . 288. ? Lepas tibetanus, apud Anderson P. Z, Sy p. 563 (1871); Blanford F. ALS. B., xii, p. 34. Distribution.—T hibet from the north of Sikkim extending west- wards to Eastern Ladak. a. Skin, skull | Thibet, north of Sikkim L. Mandelli. 6. Skin Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. c. Skin juv. @ Karakash, 1-8-70 G. Henderson. d, Skin juv. g Gograhot springs, Ladak, G. Henderson. 7-79. e-f. 2 Skins juv, ? Ladak G. Henderson. g. Skin ? Ladak F. Stoliczka. A. Skin @ oor. Balakchi, Kuenlun J. Scully, Mts., 26-8-75. Lepus tibetanus, “Hare of Little Thibet,” Vigne Travels in Kashmir, ii, p. 268. Lepus tibetanus, Waterhouse P.Z.S., p. 7 (1841); id. Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 58; Gunther Ann. Mag. N. H, (4), xvi, p. 228; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 63, pl. iv, fig. 2; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 207 ; Thomas Linn. Trans., (2) v, p. 61. Lepus lehmanni, Severtzog? Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), Xviii, p. 169; Scully F. A. S. B., vi, p. 76; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1054. Lepus biddulphi, Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 324 (1877). Distribution —Ladak from the Nubra Valley westward through Gilgit and Afghan and Russian-Turkestan and North Persia. a-b, 2Skin2skulls Nubra Valley, Ladak, Dr. Bellew. 10°73. : c. Skin, skull gy Chaprot, Gilgit, 17-2-80 J. Scully. ad, Skin, skull 9 Niltar Valley, Gilgit, J. Scully. : 29-7-79. ef. 2 Skins, 9 Gakuch, Gilgit, 25-5-79 J. Scully. 1 skull, g. Skin Q Gilgit, 30-1-80 J. Scully. 4. Skin juv. Manugar nullah, Gilgit, J. Scully. 9,000 ft., 2-4-79. j. Skin, skull = Yassin, Gilgit, J. Biddulph. _ 7,000 ft., 9-76 [Type of Lepus biddulphi, Blanford.]} &. Skin Hindu Kush C. E. Yate. i, Skin juv. g Gulran, Afghan-Turkis- J. E. T. Aichison, tan. Lepus pamirensis. Lepus pamirensis, Giinther Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 229 (1875) LEPUS, 115 Blanford F. A. S. B,, xliv, p. 110; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 67, pl. v, fig. 1, pl. va, fig. 1. : Distribution —The Pamir. a-b, 2 Skins Lake Sarikul, Pamir F. Stoliczka. Lepus stoliczkanus, Lepus stoliczkanus, Blanford ¥. A. S. B., xliv, p, 110 (1875); id. Yarkand, Mammals, pl. v, fig. 2, pl. va, fig. 2. Distribution,—Mountains north of Kashgar. There does not seem to be any very great distinction between this species, L. pamirensis and L. tibetanus, either in the skins or skulls, and when more specimens are- procured, it will probably be found that they are all identical with one another. a-b, 2 Skins Jigda, Altum Artush, F. Stoliczka. n. of Kashgar, 26-2-74. [Types of Lepus stoliczkanus, Blanford.]} Lepus yarkandensis. Lepus yarkandensis, Ginther Aun. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 229 (1875); Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 109; id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 65, pl. iv, fig. 1, pl. iva, fig. 2. Distribution—The plains of Eastern Turkestan round Yarkand and Kashgar, a-b. 2 Skins Katti-ilak, Fyzabad, F, Stoliczka. £. Turkestan, 1-3-74 : ¢. Skin Yangihissar, 2-12-73 F. Stoliczka, d-e, 2 Skins Yarkand, 224-73 F. Stoliczka. Jf Skin Beshkant, Yarkand 2-75 J. Scully. g. Skin juv. Yarkand, 5-6-75 J. Scully. hk, Skin juv. $ % 31-5-75 J. Scully. j. Skin juv, Hassan Borgha,E.Tur- C. Ellis. kistan, 2,350 ft., 19-6- 8 3. 2, Skeleton Katti-ilak, Fyzabad, F. Stoliczka. E, Turkestan, Lepus dayanus, ? Lepus sp., Hutton F. A. S. B., xv, p. 141. : Lepus dayanus, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 663 (1874); Murray Zool. Sind, . 50. i f ievue craspedotis, Blanford Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 313 (1875); id. Persia, p. 80, pl. viii: Murray Zool. Sind, p. 49. Lepus joongshaiensis, Murray Zool, Sind, p. 51 (1884). Distribution.—Throughout Sind and Baluchistan. 12 116 MAMMALIA. There does not seem to be any distinctions of importance between the Sind and Baluchistan hares, and the description of the third species, L. joongshaiensis, agrees entirely with the type of L. cras- pedotis and a specimen labelled L. dayanus in the Indian Museum. a. Skin, skull Q Pishin, Baluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 8-2-72. (Type of Lepus craspedotis, Blanford.] 6. Skin, skull Nara Nai w.of Sehwan, W. T. Blanford. Sind, 11-2-75. c. Head juv. Chaman,S. Afghanistan J. A. Murray. d, Skull — juv. 7 af . A. Murray. e. Skull Kandahar T. Hutton, A. S. B. ed Lepus ruficaudatus, Lepus ruficaudatus, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Dict. Class. H. N., ix, p. 381 (1826) ; id. Voy. aux Indes Orient., Belanger, p. 156; Ogilby Royle’s Himal. Bot., p. lxviii; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 74; Blyth F. A. S.B., xi, p- 100; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 291; id. Cat. no. 434, p. 131; Ferdon Mamm., p. 224; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. §7; Stoliczka, F. A. S. B., xli, p. 228; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 57. Lepus orientalis, Brown Bengal Sporting Mag. (1836)*. Lepus macrotus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., ix, p. 1183 (1840) ; Gray Cat. Hodg. Coll., 1st ed., p. 20; Wagner Hiigel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 574, with plate ; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, p. 520. Lepus tytleri, Tytler Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 176 (1854); Blyth, F.A.S.B., xxii, p. 415; id. F. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 471. The Indian Hare; Khargosh, Hind.; Kharra, Central India; Sasru, Lamma, Hind.; Molol, Gonds. Distribution.—Northern India, from the Punjab to Bengal, ex- tending from the lowerranges of the Himalayas to the Taptee and Godavery Rivers. a, Skin é Agra dist. Agra Mus. b-c, 2 Skins Manbhoom R. C. Beavan (1865). d. Skin juv. P Mus. Coll (1866). e. Skin Thankot, Nepal, 9-12-77 J. Scully. Jf. Skin Naga Hills A. W. Chennell. g- Skeleton [Calcutta bazaar] Purchased. kh. Stuffed i 55. Purchased, A. S. B. j-*, 2 Stuffed juv. i sy Purchased, A. S. B. 2, Stuffed juv. Alipore, Calcutta A. Grote, A. S. B. m. Skeleton mtd. [Calcutta bazaar.] Purchased, A. S. B. Lepus nigricollis. Lepus nigricollis, F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvi, p. 307 (1823); Sykes P.Z,S., 1831, p. 103; F. Cuvier, Nat. Hist. Mamm. (1837)* ; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 37; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 218; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p.72; Blyth $. A. S,B., xx, p. 1725 LEPUS. ” 117 Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p.t147; Kelaart Prodr, Faun, Zeylan., p. 72; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 520; Zelebor Séugeth. Novara Reise, p. 31; Blyth Cat. no. 437, p. 132; Ferdon Mamm,, p. 225; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. $7, 66. Lepus melanauchen, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fap. Mamm, Discour. Prelim.,, p. xiii (1835)*. The Black-naped Hare; Malla, Canarese ; Sassa, Mahr.; Musal, Tamil; Kundeli, Tel.; Hava, Cingalese. Distribution.—Southern India ; from the Taptee and Godavery rivers southwards; Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, and Mauritius where perhaps introduced by human agency. a. Skin Bangalore Mus Coll., Jaffa. 6. Skin @ Tenmalai, S. Arcot dist. Mus Coll., Jaffa, c. Skin South India Madras Mus. (1863). d. Skin Ceylon Columbo Mus. * e. Skin Ceylon R. Templeton (1849), A.S.B. J-g. 2Skins, 1 skull aie No history. kh. Stuffed Java Batavian Soc. (1844), A.S.B. j. Stuffed Mauritius Batavian Soc. (1844), A.S.B. Lepus peguensis. Lepus peguensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 471 (18§5); id. Caz. no. 435, p- 132; id. FA. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 43. Distribution.—The open country of Upper Pegu in Burma. a, Skin, skull Upper Pegu Sir A. Phayre, A. S. B. [Type of Lepus peguensis, Blyth.] Lepus sinensis. Lepus sinensis, Gray Illustr, Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xx (1834) ; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm.,, ii, p. 80; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxx, p. 90; id. Cat. no. 436, Pp. 132; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1862, p. 359; id. P. Z. S., 1870, p. 639. Distribution.—China, from Peking to Canton and the Island of Formosa. a-b, 2Stuffed, Amoy, China R. Swinhoe (1861), A. S. B. 1 skull, Lepus hispidus. Lepus hispidus, Pearson Bengal Sporting Mag., p. 131 (1843)* ; McClelland P. Z. S., 1830, p. 152; Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. §72, pl. xiv; Water- house Nat. Hist. Mamm.,ii, p. 78; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed,, p. 11; Blyth Cat. no. 438, p. 133; Ferdon Mamm., p. 226. Caprolagus hispidus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 247, with two plates (1845); Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 148; Tytler Ann, Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, P- 175. 18 MAMMALIA. Distribution.—The Terai at the base of the Himalayas from Nepal to Assam, extending southwards to Dacca; said to be found in the Rajmahal hills. A closely allied species (Lepus netcheri) has recently been described by Schlegel (Notes Leyd. Mus., ii., p. 59) from Sumatra. a-c. 3 Skins Dacca F. B. Simson (1870), d. Head and “i F. B. Simson (1870). skull, e. Skin 5 F. Buckland. jf: Stuffed and Assam. F. Jenkins, A. S. B. skull, - £- Skeleton Rajmahal ? W. S. Sherwill, A. S. B. Lepus europzus, Lepus europeus, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 30 (1778). Lepus timidus, apud Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 347 (1820); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 39 ; Blasius Saugeth. Deutsch; p. 412; Blyth Cat. No. 430, p- 130. The Hare. Distribution.—Europe generally, except the more northerr parts. a. Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, A. S.B. Lepus cuniculus. Lepus cuniculus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i., p. 77 (1766) ; Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p.64; Blyth Cat. no. 432, p. 131. The Rabbit. Distribution.—Southern and Western Europe and North Africa ; has been introduced into many places, such as the Falkland Islands, Australia and New Zealand. a-b. 2Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. c. Stuffed [Lop-eared var.] Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. @-g. 4 Skulls. deestes A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. Lepus timidus, Lepus timidus, Lianeus Syst. Nat. 12th ed.,i, p. 77 (1766); Allen Mono- graphs N. Amer. Rodents, p. 288. Lepus variabilis, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., pp. 1, 30 (1778); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm.,, ii, p. §1; Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 420; Blyth Cat. no. 341, p. 131. Lepus arcticus, Leach in Ross’ Voyage, 2nd ed., append., p. 151 (1819)*. Lepus glacialis, Leach in Ross’ Voyage, and ed., append., p. 170 (1819)*. Lepus albus, Fenyns Brit. Vert. Anim., p. 35 (1835)- Lepus hibernicus, Bell Brit. Quad., isted., p. 341 (1837)*. Lepus borealis : Lees ie ae } Nilsson Kongl. Vetens. Akad, Oefvers, p. 133 (1847)*. LEPUS. 119 The Polar Hare. Distribution —The northern regions of both hemispheres, Scot- land and Ireland, and the Alps and elevated regions of Central Europe. a. Skin a Norway Christiania Univ., A.S.B. mer). 4 Skin hal Scotland Sir W. Jardine, A.S.B. ter). ¢. Stuffed (win- Norway Christiania Univ., A.S.B. ter). a. gris (wine Scotland Sir W. Jardine, A.S.B. ter). @. Stuffed (sums Ireland A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. mer) and skull. Sf. Stuffed (win- No history A.S.B. ter). : gj. 3 Skulls sean A. D. Bartlett. Lepus xgyptius. Lepus egyptius, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Descrip. Egypt. Hist, Nat., ii, p. 730, Atlas, pl. vi, fig. 2 (1812); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 85 ; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 273. Lepus zgyptiacus, Hempr & Ehr. Symb, Phys., pl. xv, fig. i (1828). Lepus habessinicus, Brehm Habesch., p. 64 (1863)*. Distribution.—N orth-East Africa. a. Skin g Koomeylee, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 400 ft., 2-6-68, 6. Skin @ Zoulla, Annersley Bay, W. T. Blanford. Abyssinia, 6-2-68. Lepus tigrensis. Lepus tigrensis, Blanford Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), iv, p. 330 (1869) ; id. Adys- sinia, PB. 275+ iad Lepus abyssinicus, apud Lefebre Voyage Abyssinie, vi, Ailas, pl. v, fig. i* Distribution.—Hill country of Abyssinia, a-b, 2 Skins Takonda, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 7,500 ft., 27-1-68. ; ¢. Skin nr. Tigré, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 7,500 ft., 1-3-68. Lepus capensis. Lepus capensis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 76 (1766); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 95; Blyth Cat. NO, 420, Pp. 130. Lepus ochropus, Wagner, Schreber’s Sdugeth. Suppl., iv, p. 96 (1844). Distribution.—South Africa. a, Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 120 MAMMALIA Lepus saxatilis. Lepus saxatilis, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvi, p. 309 (1823); Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 92; Blyth Cat. no. 428, p. 130. Lepus rufinucha, A. Smith, Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 440 (1829). Lepus longicaudatus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 586 (1837). Lepus fumigatus, Wagner Schreber Séugeth. Suppl., iv, p. 98 (1844). Distribution.—South Africa, a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, A.S.B. Lepus americanus. Lepus americanus, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim.,p. 330 (1777); Allen Mono. graphs N, Amer. Rodents, p. 304. Lepus hudsonius, Pallas Nov. Sp. Quad. e Glir., p. 30 (1778): Lepus virgineanus, Harlan Faun. Amer., p. 196 (1825)*. Lepus borealis, Schinz Synop. Mamm,, ii, p. 286 (1845). re washingtoni, Baird P. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 333; pl. xv, 1856). Lepus bairdi, Hayden Amer, Nat., iii, p. 115 (1869)*. The Varying Hare. Distribution.—The wooded portion of the northern half of North America. a. Skin (wine Lucknow Ont.,Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] ter). 25-12-84. 6. Skin (wins Gatineau R. Queb., J. H. Garnier [Ex.] ter). Canada. ¢. Skull Massachusetts, U.S.A. W. Theobald. Lepus sylvaticus. Lepus nanus, Schreber Saugeth, iv, p. 881 (1792) [in part.) Lepus americanus, efud Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 351 (1822). Lepus sylvaticus, Bachman $. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 403 (1837) ; Allen Monographs North Amer. Rodents, p. 328. Lepus nuttalli, Bachman $. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., vii, p. 345, pl. xxii 1837). tne bachmani, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 103 (1838). Lepus artemesia, Bachman ¥. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philad, viii, p. 94 (1839). Lepus auduboni, Baird N. Amer. Mamm., p. 608, pl. xiii (1857)*. Wood Hare or Wood Rabbit. Distribution.—The greater part of the southern half of North America, a. Skin Nuces, Texas, 3-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 6 Skin Texas J. H. Garnier [Ex ] ¢. Skull _ Massachusetts W. Theobald. Lepus callotis. Lepus callotis, Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 23 (1830) ; Allen Monographs NV. Amer. Rodents, pe 350. LEPUS. 121 Lepus nigricaudatus, Bennett P,Z.S., p. 41 (1893). Lepus texianus, Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., ii, p. 136 (1848). The Jackass Hare. Distribution —Southern parts of the United States and Mexico to the isthmus of Tehuantepec. a. Skin Nuces Valley, Texas, 2-84 J. H. Garnier [Ex.] “2 Order UNGULATA. Placental Mammals with no clavicles ; with limbs for progres4 “sion only ; the 1st digits of all recent forms wanting; ungual pha- langes hoofed ; metacarpals and metatarsals vertically elongat- ed or sharply inclined; teeth covered with enamel and molars generally complex. Key of the Indian Genera, a. Digits of manus and pes equal or even in number ; the 3rd digit of each foot asymmetrical in itself, but forms with the 4th digit a symmetrical pair; no 3rd trochanter to the femur, posterior premolars smalier and simpler than the molars ; stomach complex ; caecum small ; horns when present paired. (= Artiodactyla] 6. Ulna and fibula incomplete, confluent with radius and tibia, manus and pes functionally didactyle ; incisors rarely pre- sent in the upper jaw ; lower canines incisiform ; premolars and molars with uni- or bicrescentic ridges; stomach complex, four-chambered and ruminating. [=Selenodontia.] c. Horns generally present ; the third and fourth metacarpals and tarsals fused to form acannon bone; digits two and five, incomplete and wanting. [= Cotylophora.] d. Horns hollow and persistent ; digits two and five repre- sented by hoofs only; no upper canines; gall bladder present. [=Bovide, see key below.] d*, Horns solid and deciduous ; digits two and five have distinct metacarpals and phalanges ; no gall bladder. [=Cervide.] e. Horns small ; upper -canines well-developed ; distal tarsal elements all united except an ectocuneiform. Cervulus, p. 172, 122 MAMMALIA. é*, Horns generally large; the navicular and cuboid ele- ments of the tarsus usually distinct ; canines only moderately developed. . . . Cervus, p. 174. e®, Horns absent ; canines very large. Moschus, p. 171. ¢. Horns absent; 3rd and 4th metacarpals unite late or not at all; 2nd and sth digits complete on each foot ; canines present in both jaws; placenta diffuse. : Tragulus, p. 188, 6, Non-ruminant hornless forms with tarsals and carpals, ulna and fibula distinct and complete; manus and pes tetradac- tyle ; incisors present in upper jaw, molars with tubercu- late or transversely ridged crowns ; canines present in both jaws ; stomach simple ; placentation diffuse. [= Bunodontia. ] Sus, p. 192. a*, Digits of the pes odd in number ; median or 3rd digit symme- trical bilaterally; femur with a 3rd trochanter; tympanic bone small and solid; stomach simple, cecum long; no gall bladder; placentation diffuse; horns when present un- paired. [= Perissodactyla.] e. Forms with soft hairy skin; nose proboscidiform; ° radius and ulna, tibia and fibula complete, the two latter distinct ; manus with four, pes with three digits, Tapirus, p. 198. e. Forms with thick skin and scanty hair; radius and ulna, tibia and fibula complete ; manus and pes tri- dactyle; orbits incomplete; canines absent; one or two coreless epidermic mesial horns on the snout formed of fused hair. . Rhinoceros, p. 201. e*, Specialized forms; ulna and fibula incomplete dis- tally, confluent proximally with the radius and tibia; 3rd digit on each foot functional only, the and and 4th rudimentary and represented by splint bones ; orbits complete. . . Equus, p. 198. Key of the Genera of Indian Bovide. a. Horns always present in both sexes, and set wide apart; occi- pital and frontal planes form an acute angle; muffle large; no antorbital pits ; four mamme; large and massive animals. Bos, p 123. si BOS. 123 a*. Horns present in both sexes, but often markedly smaller in the females, set with their bases close to one another ; the occipital and frontal planes form an acute angle. 6. Horns wrinkled and forming circles; no muffle ; small feet pits on all four feet ; antorbital pits present (except O. nahoor) ; basioccipital oblong with the posterior tubercles larger (except O. nahoor) ; four mamma. Ovis, p. 131. 6?, Horns smooth and angular; no muffle; no antorbital pits; feet-pits if present, only on the fore-feet ; basioccipital wider in front, and the anterior tubercles larger ; two mammze (except C. jemlaica.) . : : - Capra, p. 142, J 68, Horns rounded and small ; a small mufile present ; antorbital pits present ; feet-pits large ; four mamme. Nemorhzdus, p. 147. a’, Horns not always present in the females, placed on the crest of the frontals but generally some way apart at their bases ; the frontal and occipital planes hardly form an angle but a rounded surface ; generally four mamme ; antorbital pits always present. c. Horns smooth, in males only; muffle present; mammz four in number. d. Of large size ; horns short recurved ; a short erect mane, and a throat tuft in the male. . Boselaphus, p. 154. d®, Of small size ; horns four in number ; canines present in the males. - ‘: . Tetracerus, p. 168, c, Horns ringed ; no muffle; mammee two in number. e. Horns straight, long, annulated, in males only; no muffle ; no canines. 7 . Antilope, p. 162. é, Horns ringed, generally lyrate; if present in female, small. € J. An intermaxillary pouch present; no horns in ' females ; no knee tufts. . Pantholops, p. 163. f*. No intermaxillary pouch; females often horned ; knee tufts generally present. Gazella, p. 157. c?, Horns gnu-like, spinging close together; muzzle bovine, no antorbital pits or feet-pits. .Budorcas, p. 151. Genus BOS. Bos Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p- 98 (1766). Bison, H, Smith Griffith An. Kingd., Vv; P- 373 (1827). 124 MAMMALIA Bubalus, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 371 (1827). ~ Anoa, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 355 (1827). Bibos, Hodgson $. A. S. B., vi, p. 499 (1837). Type, B. gaurus. Poephagus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 153 (1843). _ Type, B. grunniens, Gavaeus, Hodgson ¥. A.S B., xvi, p. 706 (1847). Type, B. frontalis, Zebus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 283 (1860). Type, B. indicus. Key of the Indian Species. a. With smooth flattened horns never exceeding 3 feet in length; legs white ; hair always short; frontal bones concave. 4. White of hind legs extends to rump, forming an anal patch ; tail long ; premaxillary bones reach and touch the nasals ; dorsal ridge not marked. . . B. sondaicus, p. 127. 2, White colour confined to the legs, premaxillary bones do not reach the nasals ; dorsal ridge marked, c. No dewlap ; tail long; skull elongated. B. gaurus, p. 124. ©, Dewlap present ; tail short; skull markedly triangular, B. frontalis, p. 126. a*. Horns cylindrical; nose hairy ; no dewlap, hump or dorsal ridge; body clothed in parts with very long hair; frontals convex. ‘i é . . B. grunniens, p. 128, a’. Horns very large and flattened, generally exceeding 3 feet in length; body very sparsely covered with hair; hoofs very large ; thirteen pairs of ribs. . . B. bubalus, p, 129. Bos gaurus. “ Gaour,” Geoffroy St. Hil. Mem. Mus. Paris., ix, p. 71 (1822). Bos——sp. “ Gour of India” Traill Edin. Philos. Four., xi, p. 334 (1824). Bos gaurus, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 399 (1827) ; Evans F. A. S. B., vi, p. 223; Pearson ibid, p. 225; Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 444; Cantor, ¥. A, S.B., xv, p. 272; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 336; Blanford F. A. S.B., xxxvi, p. 192; Blyth FA. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p- 47; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 128; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma, i, p. 99; Nevill Taprobanian, iii, p. 5; Inverarity F. Bomb. Soc., iv, p- 294. Bos gour and gayeeus, Hardwicke Zool. Fourn., iii, p. 233 (1828). Bibos subhemachalus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., vi, p. 499 (1837). Bibos cavifrons, Hodgson F. A. S. B., vi, p. 745 (1837) ; Elliot Madr. Fourn., X, p. 227, pls. v, vi; Hodgson $ A. S. B., x, pp. 449, 912; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 181. Bibos gaurus, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p.24 (1846) ; id. Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 32; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1889, p. 447. BOS. 125 Bibos asseel, Horsjield Cat. E. 1. Mus. p. 181 (1851). Bibos frontalis, afud Thompson, P. Z. S., p. 96 (1852). . Gaveus gaurus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 282 (1860) ; Blyth Cat., p. 161; Ferdon Mamm., p. 301; Maingay P.A.S. B., 1868, p. 194; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 481. The Bison or Gaur ; Gaur or Gourigai, Hind. ; Gaviya, Mahrathi; Jungli Khoolga, Deccan; Kar-kona, Canarese; Bod at Seone; Banparra at Mundlah; Vanago, Bengali; Katuyeni, Tamil; Ran- pado, Guzerati; Ran Hila, Bheels; Pyoung, Burma. Distribution.—The peninsula of India in forest tracts, from the Vindhyan Hills along the north of the Nerbudda (Jerdon) ; south- ward through Kandeish and the Western Ghats to Tinnevelly (Elliot) ; eastward through the Central Provinces and Chota Nag- pore almost to Midnapore (Jerdon) ; the Nepal terai (Hodgson); Assam; Tipperah. and Chittagong Hills; southwards through Burma (Blyth) to Malay peninsula (Cantor and Maingay) but not recorded from any of the Islands. It doubtless formerly occurred in Ceylon, since the Guavera of Knox’s description of Ceylon is doubtless the Gaur, and Major Forbes (Journal of Eleven Years’ residence in Ceylon, ii, p. 159) asserts that it was only at the beginning of the present century that it was exterpated. a. Skull,horns isha &, Skull,hornsQ Assam ce. Skull, horns d. Skull, horns e. Skull, horns Ff. Skull, borns g- Skull, horns hk. Skull, horns ¢ j» Skull, horns g &. Skull, horns 9 i. Frontlet m. Skull, horns n. Frontlet é o. Skull, horns p- Skeleton, juv. skin. gq. Skeleton, juv. skin. 2 7. Stuffed 2 s. Stuffed é & g Gauhati, Assam Chybasa. Malacca Gauhati, Assam Burma Tipperah hills Chittagong hill tracts Chittagong dist. Chittagong hill tracts Chittagong hill tracts Chanda Chota Nagpore zt. Skeleton uw. Skeleton « Skull, horns w. Skull and skin of hea x Skull and horns. y. Pr. of horns ¢ seeeee Chota Nagpore 9 Bhutan Dooars d. Chittagong hill tracts W. T. Blanford (1868). F. Jenkins (1844), A.S.B. No history, F. T. Pollok (1870). S. R. Tickell (1840), A.S.B. Dr. Maingay, (1863). F. T Pollock (1870). Sir A, Phayre, A.S.B. C. S. Guthrie (1862), A.S.B. Rev. J. Barbe, (1846) A.S.B. J. T. Jarbo (1879). ° . A, Campbell (1879). . T. Jarbo (1879). . T. Jarbo (1879). Zoological Gardens (1883). tn mat Zoological Gardens (1883). W. T. Blanford (1867). A. A. Kinloch (1883). A.S.B, Major Ousley (1840). Purchased, 1847, A.S.B. A. A. Kinloch, 1882. J. T. Jarbo, 1881. No history, A.S.B. 126 MAMMALIA, Bos frontalis, Bos frontalis, Lambert Linn. Trans. vii, pp. 57 and 302, pl. iv (1804) Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1sted., p. 24; P. L. Sclater P.Z. S,, 1866, p. 1, pl.1; Blanford $. A. S. B., xxxvi, p.192; Blyth F. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 48; Pollok Sport in Brit, Burma, i, p.104; Farbo P. Z. S., 1883, Pp. 143; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 486. Bos gavzeus, Colebvoke As, Res., viii, p. 487, with plate (1805); Hodgson F.A.S. Buy %, Dp. 453. Bibos frontalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 151 (1842) ; id Cat, Mamm. BM, iii, p. 31. : Bos sylhetanus, F, Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 41, 42, with plate (1824); {hybrid with B, taurus]. Gaveus frontalis, Hodgson F.A. S. B., xvi, p. 706 (1847) ; [Blyth Cat., p. 162; Horsjield Cat. E.I. Mus., p. 179; Blyth F. A. S. Buy xxix, p. 294; id. ibid, xxxi, p. 338. : The Gayal; Gavaye, Hind.; Gayal, Beng.; Shio of the Mughs of Chittagong; Mithana or Mithun of the Kookies; Johnguna, Burma. Distribution —From Akyab northwards through the Arakan and Chittagong hills, extending through Tipperah and Munipur to the Naga hills; also found in the Duffla hills north of the Brahma- ootra, The Gayal is distinguished from the Gaur (B. gaurus) by its heavier and more clumsy build, by the possession of a well-deve- loped dewlap and shorter tail; the horns of the Gayal are horizon- tal and very nearly straight; they are quite black, contrasting with the greenish horns of the Gaur; the skull too of the Gayal con- trasts strongly with that of the Gaur by its very much more trian- gular shape ; the concavity of the frontal bones, which is so marked a feature in the Gaur’s skull, exists also in the Gayal though not nearly in so marked a way ; in the'median line of the skull between the horns there is in the Gaur a distinct ridge which is quite un- represented in the Gayal. The Banteng (Bos sondaicus) is at once distinguished from the Gayal and the Gaur by the extension of the white of the hind legs up to the rump; it has a moderate dewlap anda long tail, and the dorsal ridge so conspicuous a feature of the Gaur and Gayal is much less developed in the Banteng, The Gayalis always found in a semi-domestic state belonging to different villages of the numerous hill tribes on the Assam frontier, such as the Nagas and Kookis; they roam about the forest all day but always return to the hill tribes’ villages at night, and there is considerable doubt as to whether the Gayal ever occurs in a true feral state. The older writers seem to have had no doubt on the subject. Colebrooke (see above) says it is found wild in the Chittagong, Tipperah and Sylhet hills, and he also mentions that the animal is brown and has a well-developed dewlap, thus showing that he was not confusing the Gayal with the Gaur which also occurs in the BOS, 127 same country, and one of whose distinguishing features is the absence of a dewlap; Blyth in his earlier writings also seems to have believed in the wild Gayal; later, however, (Mammals of Burma) he seems to have come to the conclusion that the Gayal was a purely domestic race, in which view he is supported by Jarbo and Anderson, a. Skull, horns No history. 6. Skull, horns ‘i No history. e, Skull, juv. @ sass E. Blyth, 1857, A.S.B. horns, d. Skull,horns estes W. Hodge, 1870. e. Skull,horns@# aaa a R. W. G. Frith, 1850, A.S.B. f. Skull, horns. tonnes R, W. G, Frith, 1851, A.S.B- juv. (hybrid) g. Skeleton, Q intiees Zoological Gardens, 1880, skin. juv. h. Skeleton @ Chittagong Zoological Gardens, 1878. (hybrid) j. Stuffed juv. tonnes W. Rutledge. k& Skull, horns woeuae E. Blyth, 1857, A.S.B. (dom. var.) 1. Skin, skull Q sehnee Zoological Gardens, 1889. m, Skin, skull ities No history, A.S.B. Bos sondaicus, “ Banteng” Raffles Hist. of Fava, i., p. 111 (1817). Bos leucoprymnus, Quoy et Gaimard Astrolobe Zoologie, i. py 140 (1830) (hybrid with B. taurus]. Bos sondaicus, Schlegel and Miller Tem. Verhandl., p. 195, pls. xxxv to xxxix (1840) ; Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xi, p. 445; Blyth F. A.S. B., xxxi, py 336; Blyth F. A. S.B., «liv, Burma List, p. 48; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma, i, p. 105. Bibos banteng, Gray Knowsley Menagerie, p. 48 (1850)* ; Horsfield Cat, E, I. Mus., p. 183; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 35. Gavzus sondaicus, Blyth, ¥. A.S, B., xxix, p. 296 (1860); id. Cat., p. 160; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 131; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 488. The Banteng; Tsoing, Burmese. Distribuiton.—From Arrakan (Blyth) southwards though Burma (Pollok) to the Malay peninsula, and in the Islands of Java, Bali (Raffles) and Borneo (Miiller). The horns of the Banteng are more rounded in section than those of the Gaur and Gayal, and their circumference is much less in proportion to their length as will be seen by the table of measure- ments below; the colour of the horns are greenish with black tips. The skull is long, resembling that of the Gaur in general shape rather than that of the Gayal; the forehead is much flatter than that of the Gayal and Gaur, and the premaxillary bones reach and touch the nasals, while in the Gour and Gayal there is a gap of about an inch between these two bones. 128 MAMMALIA. Measurements in inches of Skulls and Horns of adult Gaur, Gayal and Banteng. Gaur. Gayal. Banteng. Across the forehead from the bases of the horns . 9 1 1k From frontoparietal ridge to tip of nasals_. i 19 15 144 Across from orbit to orbit. il gt 8t Horns, circumference at base . o ° ° 17 163 113 Horns, outside curve . 31 16 20 as inside curve . 22 15 16 a. Skull and Java? Prince Henry of the Netherlands, ~ horns. 1837, A.S.B. é. Skull and Java Batavian Soc., 1844, A.S.B. horns. c. Skull and Upper Pegu Sir A. Phayre, 1849, A.S.B. horns. ad. Skull and Upper Pegu Sir A. Phayre, 1849, A.S.B. horns. e. Skull and ¢ soeses Zoological Gardens, 1885, A.S.B. horns. juv. Jf. Skin, ske- g teanes W. Rutledge, 1881, leton. juv. g. Skin, ske- g texhies Zoological Gardens, 1885. leton. h, Skulland ¢ ery Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. horns. j. Skin,ske- Q@ Pegu W. Rutledge, 1881. leton. juv. &. Skin, ske- ¢ sie W. Rutledge, 1881. leton, juv. Bos grunniens, Bos grunniens, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., p. 99 (1766); Radde Ost Si- berien, p. 272; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 336 ; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 5, with plate. Bos poephagus, H. Smith in Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 404 (1827); Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., p. 248, pl. xxii; Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 143. Bison poephagus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, pp. 449, 912 (1841); Gray. Cat. Hodgs. Coll,, tst ed., p. 25; Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 708. Poephagus grunniens, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 153 (1843); Blyth Cat., p- 158; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 184; Gray P. Z. S., 1853, pl. xxxv, p- 191; id. Cat. Mamm. B, M., iii, p. 40; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 529; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 489. The Yak; Donkh, Tibetan; Bunchowr, Hind. _ Disiribution.—The Mountains of Central Asia, seldom descend- ing much below 6,000 ft. Hodgson describes it as being found from the Altai to the Himalayas. BOS. 129 The domestic variety is found in Transbaikalia (Radde), Tur- kestan (Severtzoff), and all through Mongolia and Thibet whence it is used for bringing marchandize across the high passes of the Himalayas to India. The wild variety is recorded by Horsfield as having been shot by Captain (now General) Strachey in Ladak. Adams also gives an account of shooting wild yaks on the southern slopes of the Kara- korum Mountains, ze., in Ladak; Kinloch gives the valley of the Chang Chenmo as the most likely locality for a sportsman to kill yak ; Przewalsky records wild yaks on the northern part of the ‘Thibetan plateau and they probably occur all over the higher parts of Thibet. a. Skull and horns No history, A.S.B. 6. Sknllandhorns Sikkim W. Rutledge, 1870. c. Skeleton eT oT Rajah R, Mullick, (dom. var.) ad, Skeleton 2 Saas Rajah R. Mullick. (dom. var.) e. Stuffed é einen E. Smyth, 1862, A.S.B. (wild var.) J. Skull and horns eeaies No history, A.S.B. g. Skull and horns sete Purchased at Almora, 1888, (wild var.) A, Skull and horns ‘eine W. Rutledge, 1889. (dom, var.) Bos bubalus. Bos bubalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 99 (1766). Bos bubalus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 206 (1788); Hutton ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 142. Bos arnee, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p.336 (1792)*; Cantor $.A.S.B., xv, p- 273, Gray P. Z.S., 1855, pl. xl [horns] p. 17. Bos buffelus, Blumenbach Handb. Naturges., 1oth ed., p. 121 (1821)*; Blanford F. A. S. B., Xxkvi, p. 195. Bubalus arna, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, pp. 469, 912 (1841); Ferdon Mamm., p. 307; Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 709; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus, p.179; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 49; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 490. Bubalus buffelus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 152 (1843); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 25; Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 709; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 175; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 178; Kelaart Prodr, Faun, Zeylan., p. 87; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p. 25; Blyth F. ALS. B., xxxi, p. 340; id. Cat, p. 163. The Buffalo; Bhainsa (Domestic Race), Arna, Urna or Jangli bhyns (Wild Race), Hind.; Mung at Bhagulpore; Geraerumi, Gond; Mee harak, Singalese ; Kywai, Burmese. Distribution.—In low lands and swampy places, never in moun- tains; Assam and Ganges valley including the Nepal terai (Hodg- son) and the Sunderbunds. In the peninsula of India from the Ganges southwards to the Godavery River (Jerdon), and westwards to the Weinagunga River and Mandla (Blanford); it is also K 130 MAMMALIA. found in the northern and eastern districts of Ceylon (Kelaart). It seems very doubtful whether the wild buffalo of Burma and Indo-China is truly feral or merely the escaped domestic animal. Domesticated, the buffalo is found in Italy, Hungary, Turkey, Egypt, and all through Western Asia to Afghanistan, all over India, Burma, the Malay peninsula and in most of the Islands where an Albino variety. is often met with, a. Skull, horns 9 sane No history. 6. Skull, horns 9 eesines F. Mouat, 1859, A.S.B. c. Skull, horns 2 vehi N. Wallich, 1816, A.S.B. d. Skull, horns 2 " N. Wallich, 1816, A.S.B, e. Skull, horns ¢ No history. Jf. Skull, horns g No history. g- Skull, horns ¢ eatise'e No history. A. Skull, horns ¢ Bois No history. j» Skull, horns @ Kove Sir J. Barlow, 1856, A.S.B. &. Skull, horns @ aaa No history. Z, Skull, horns g Kalibar, Central Assam J. Hamilton, 1879. m. Skull, horns g aaaene N. Wallich, 1816, A.S.B. n. Skull, horns #@ Assam Major Brodie, 1848, A.S.B. o. Skull, horns ¢ Assam Major Brodie, 1848, A S.B. p- Skeleton Q Purneah A. Weekes, 1881, gq. Skeleton ¢ Purneah J. L. Shillingford, 1881. 7. Head, horns oabene No history. s. Head, horns Sudiya, Assam Col. Graham, 1877. z. Head, horns 9 dese No history. u. Head, horns ¢ daaiies No history. Bos depressicornis. Anoa depressicornis, H. Smith in Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 203 (1827); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 29; Everett P. Z. S., 1878, p. 792, Meyer ibid, p. 881 ; Bartlett, ibid, p. 882. Antelope depressicornis, Quoy et Gaimard Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), xvii, pl. xx; P- 423 (1829); id. Astrolobe Zoologie, i, p. 136, pl. xxvi. Disirtbution.—The Island of Celebes. a. Skin, skull 9 juv. dea’ Zoological Gardens (1881). and bones 6. Skin, skull gjuv. Celebes Zoological Gardens (1880). Z and bones. ¢. Skin, skull Q juv. sveue Zoological Gardens (1880). and bones. d. Skin, skull Q assis Zoological Gardens (1882). and body. Bos caffer. Bos caffer, Sparrman NXongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., xl, p. 79 (1779). Bubalus caffer, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 153 (1843); id. Cat. Mamm. B.M., ii, p. 28; Elyth Cat., p. 164. OVIS. 131 Distrtbution.—South Africa replaced in West Africa by B. pumilus and in East and Central Africa by B. aequinoctalis of Blyth to which perhaps specimens “‘b” and ‘“c” should be referred. , a. Skull and horns 6. Horns o juv. c. Skeleton Q juv. E. Blyth, 1864, A.S.B. W. S. Sherwill, 1844, A.S.B. Zoological Gardens, 1878, Bos americanus. Bos americanus, Gmelin Syst. Nat.,i., p. 204 (1788). Bison americanus, H. Smith Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 401, with plate (1827) ; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iti, p. 38; Allen. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., iv, no, 10. The American Buffalo. Distribution —F¥ ormerly spread over the plains of North America from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains, now nearly extinct and confined to the remoter districts of Saskatchawan, Montana and perhaps Texas. a. Skeleton, skin 9 oeenee W. Rutledge (1881). 6. Skeleton, skin Q oneses Babu H. M. Roy (1881). ce. Skull (no horns) waa H, A. Ward [Ex.] (1889). Bos taurus. Bos taurus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 98 (1766); Blyth Cats p. 159. Bos indicus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 99 (1766). Zebus gibbosus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p, 282 (1860) ; id. Catz., p. 159, Distribution.—The Indian. humped race are unknown in an aboriginal state, but are suspected by Blyth to have originated in South Africa rather than in Asia ; they are found in a domestic state all over the hotter parts of Africa as far as Natal, in Madagascar, Arabia, South Persia (Blanford), Beluchistan, all over India, and through Indo-China as far as Japan ; also in many of the Islands. a, Skeleton 2 iin “ Australian dom. race.” & Skeleton aes ‘ No history. ce. Skull 9 ste ‘English polled race.” Genus OVIS. Ovis, Linneus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 97 (1766). Ammotragus, Blyth P. Z. S., p. 13 (1840). Type, O. tragelaphus. Pseudois, Hodgson F. A. S. B., Xv. p. 343 (1846). Zype, O. nahoor, Caprovis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., Xvi, p. 702 (1847). Zyse,O. musimon, The Wild Sheep may be divided into three groups, the larger sheep of Central Asia which also reach North America, and the K 2 132 MAMMALIA, smaller sheep distributed through Western Asia and the Mediter- ranean regions, and thirdly, two forms forming a link with the Goats, Ovis nahoor and Ovis tragelaphus. Of the larger group the Museum possesses examples of three distinct species, z.e., Ovis poli, O. hodgsoni, and O. canadensis. Besides these three the following have been described :-— (1) Ovisammon, Linnaeus (—/®goceros argali, Pallas.) (2) Ovis nivicola, Eschscholtz, (3) Qvis jubata, Peters. (4) Ovis heinsii, Severtzoff. (5) Ovis nigrimontana, Severtzoff. (6) Ovis karelini, Severtzoff. (7) Ovis brookei, Ward. Ovis ammon is found in Eastern Siberia, but is apparently very rare in Siberia itself, having been driven southwards by the Cossack sportsmen ; itis very nearly allied to Ovis hodgsoni of Thibet from which it seems to be distinguished only by the entire absence of a mane or fringe of long hair on the neck, while O. hodgsoni has a well developed white mane on either side and below the neck, and a short gray mane along the dorsal surface of the neck; the anal patch affords no distinguishing-character. Ovis jubata, from Mongolia north of Pekin, seems very nearly allied to O. ammon. Ovis nigrimontana seems to belong to the same type as O. am- mon. Ovis karelini and O. heinsii both seem to resemble O., poli of Blyth very strongly. Ovis nivicola from Kamschatska is nearly allied to the Ameri- can species, Ovis canadensis from the northern form of which it seems doubtfully distinct. It is quite distinct from O. ammon, Finally, Ovis brookei might well be a young O. hodgsoni of per- haps a hybrid between O. hodgsoni and O. vignei as suggested by Sterndale (Journ. Bomb. N. H., Soc. i, p. 35). There seem to be, therefore, three different types of large wild sheep in Asia with several geographical races :— (1) Ovis ammon from East Siberia represented in Mantchuria by oO. jubata, i in Thibet by O. hodgsoni, andin Turkestan by O. nigrimontana? (2) Ovis poli of the Pamir represented by O. karelini in the Thian Shan. (3) Ovis nivicola of Kamschatska. Key of the Indian Species. . A distinct antorbital pit present. OVIS, 133 é. Large forms with enormous horns ef which the points are always, directed more or less horizontally away from each other; with antorbital pit very shallow. c. Space between the horn cores flat; the horns describe a complete circle at least; and the proportion of their basal circumference to their total length is as 1-3, O. poli, p. 133. c?, Space between the horn cores concave; the horns seldom describe a complete circle and are very massive at the base, z.e., the proportion of the basal circumference to the total length of the hornisas 1-2 . O. hodgsoni, p. 136. &. Smaller forms with smaller horns, with generally converg- ing points and a deep antorbital pit. d. Horns with points hardly converging, with the fronto. orbital edge much rounded; beard and mane very small; animal more or less reddish. O, vignii, p. 139. d®, Horns with converging points, fronto-orbital edge sharp ; beard and mane markedly developed. O. cycloceros, p. 138. ° a, No antorbital pits .. ‘ . . ©. nahoor, p. 140. Ovis poli. Ovis polii, Blyth P. Z.S., p 62 (1840); id. ¥. A. S. B, x, p. 858; id. Ann. Mag. N. H., vii, pl. v, fig. 1-4; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 176 ; Sclaten P.Z.S., 1860, p. 443 ; Severtsoff Turk. Fevnot, pp. 84-102, 149, pls. ii, ili, v, figs. 1-2, vi, fig. 1; Stolicska P.Z.S., 1874, p. 425, pl. hii; Sir V. Brooke and B. Brooke P. Z. S., 1875, p. §14; Biddulph ibid, p. 157; Blanford ibid, p. 540; Grote P. Z.S., 1876, p. 414; Severtzoft Ann. Mag. N.H. (4) xviii, pp. 171, 210 & 220; Przewalsky, Peters. Mitth. Erzb., xii 1878, pp. 5, 17; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 83; Biddulph P. A. S. B,, 1879, p. 280; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 209; Blanford P. Z. S., 1884, p. 326, with figures. ie é Ovis karelini, Severtzoff Turk. Fevnot, pp. 84-102, 149, pls. i, iv, figs. 3-4,vi, figs. 3-4; id. Ann. Mag. N. 4. (4), xviii, pp. 171, 210, 217 ; Sir V. Brooke and B. Brooke P. Z. S., 1875, p. 512; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 80. Distribution.—This large sheep was first found on the Pamir where its occurrence is mentioned by Marco Polo (Yule’s edition, i, pp. 18, 185, 2nd ed, 1875); it was first obtained by Wood near the sources of the Amu Daria and has also been obtained thence by Lockhart (I. M.) and Charles Ellis (Blanford) ; it also occurs inthe Thian Shan Range and all round Lake Issyk (Stoliczka and Severtzoff), Itis noted from the Juldus valley on the north and the Altyntag on the south of the Gobi by Przewalsky. Scully asserts that it must be considered an Indian animal since it occurs as far south as the Shimshal Pamir just north of Gilgit and south of the Mustagh Range. 134 MAMMALIA. There are, as can be seen from the list below in the Musum col- lection, examples of both the typical Ovis poli from the Pamir, and also of the smaller form from the Thian Shan, described as Ovis karelini by Severtzoff. After reading Severtzoft’s description of the two species (O. poli and O. karelini) and comparing the descriptions with the specimens in the Museum, it is imposible to make out any real differences - between the two except that of size. Below is a summary of the chief differences between Ovis poli and Ovis karelini as given by Severtzoff loc. cit. :— Ovis poli. Ovis karelini. Horns.—Nuchal edge notround- | All edges rounded. ed. Orbital surface con- | Orbital surface flat. cave. Horns four times the | Horns only three times the length of the skull. length of the skull. Terminal axis of horns | Terminal axis of the horns ae or less horizon- parallel to the basal axis. tal. Cone formed by the | Cone formed by the horn-spiral horn-spiral, narrow- with its base towards the ing towards the skull, skull. z.e., base outwards. Skulls.—Premazxille do notarti- | Neither premaxille, maxillze or culate with the nasals lacrymals articulate with the and the maxille are nasals. separated by small bones. Lacrymals protrude Lacrymals very large and forward beyond the square, wider than the malars, malars, and both articulate with the maxilla by serrated sutures. Skins.—Mane pure white. Mane white, shaded with grav, Light brown of back | Light brown of back separat- shades into the white ed from the white of belly of belly. by a dark line. White patch of tail | Light brown of back shades off marked and separat- to tail, forming a not well ed from the light defined patch. brown of back by a dark line. ° Taking these characters one by one in our specimens— (1) The nuchal edge is most rounded in the largest specimen OVIS. 135 “m” in the list, in the other skulls it seems to get rather sharper as the skull gets younger, so that the sharpness or roundedness of the nuchal edge appears to be a character due purely to age. (2) In all the Museum specimens the orbital surface is flat or even rather convex, never concave. (3) In the two Pamir specimens the length of the horns are in both cases considerably more than four times the length of the skull, and in the Thian Shan specimens the largest is considerably less. This character, how- ever, seems to be due to the fact that both the Pamir specimens were selected; being chosen from among many others seen lying about on the Pamir on account of the size of their horns, while the specimens from the Thian Shan were shot and brought into the mission so that heads of only average size were got. (4) The axes of the horns can hardly be considered a charac- ter of much value as has also been shown by Blanford tom. cit., since in the case of one head from the Thian Shan range the horn on one side is very much more horizontal than that on the other. (5) With regard to the cones formed by the horn spiral as far . as it is possible to judge, in both Pamir and Thian Shan species, the cone has its base towards the skull. (6) Neither premaxillz, maxillee or lacrymals really articulate with the nasais, in all cases they are separated by a small piece of bone which generally drops out of the skull. (7) The lacrymals are not square nor are they wider than the malars in any of the skuils in the Museum Collec- tion. There are only skins of the Thian Shan form in the Museum ; there are no skins of the true Pamir forms, as far as Iam aware, in any European or other Museum; with regard to our skins— (8) The mane is pure white below and laterally; dorsally, in all cases but one, it is mixed with gray; the one exception being what appears to be the oldest animal. (9) In none of the skins can a dark brown lateral line be seen separating the light brown of the back from the dirty yellow of the belly. (10) The white patch on the tail is very well marked in all the skins except the old male mentioned above, where the change of colour is not so abrupt. In the females there is little or no mane and the anal patch neither marked nor large. The above I think is sufficient to justify the combination of the Pamir typical forms and Thian Shan specimens brought back 136 MAMMALIA. by the Yarkand Expedition, under the name of Ovis poli, even if the sheep described by Severtzoff as Ovis karelini should turn out to really differ from the typical Ovis poli of the Pamir. a, Skin} skull, g or. Kashgar. F, Stoliczka, 1877. horns. b. Skin, skull, g ,, » F. Stoliczka, 1877. horns. c. Skiv, skull, ,, rr F_ Stoliczka, 1877. horns. d. Skin,skull,g ,, i F. Stoliczka, 1877. horns. e. Skin, skull,? ,, 5s F. Stoliczka, 1877. horns. f. Skin, skull, 9 ,, 0 F. Stoliczka, 1877. horns. g. Skin,skull,? ,, in F. Stoliczka, 1877. horns. kh. Skin, D. 4 i F. Stoliczka, 1877. (no head.) j. Stuffed ¢ ,, mT F. Stoliczka, 1877. k. Head 25 3 F. Stoliczka, 1877. stuffed. 1, Skeleton Js es F, Stoliczka, 1877. (no skull.) m. Skull and g Hunza, nr. Gilgit J. Biddulph, 1879. , horns. n. Skull and g Tagdanbash, Pamir Sir W. S. A. Lockhart, 1886. horns. v. Skull and g bags No history, A. S. B. horns. juv. p Skull andg wad ba No history, A. S. B. horns. juv. g. Skin and@Q nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1877. skull, Ovis hodgsoni. Ovis nayaur, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, pt. 2, p. 135, with plate (1833) [pt-] Ovis hodgsoni, Blyth P. Z. S., p. 65 (1840); P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1860, p. 129; Sir V. Brooke and B. Brooke, P. Z. S., 1875, p. 520. Ovis ammon6ides, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, pp. 230, 913 (1841); id. ibid, xv, p: 338; Hutton F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 568. Caprovis argali, var 2, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 174 (1852); Adams P.Z. S., 1858, p- 527. Ovis ammon, apud Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 176 (1851); Blyth Cat., p.177; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 19 with plate of head; Blan- ford ¥. A. S. B., xli, p. 40. Ovis brookei, Ward P. Z.S., p. 143 (1874); Sir V. Brooke and B. Brooke P. Z.S., 1875, p. §21; Sterndale $. Bomb. Soc., i, ps 35» The Ammon; Nyan or Gnow, Tibetan. Distribution,—The Nyan has been got chiefly from Ladak (Kinloch) and the country north of Gurwhal, and by Hodgson from the higher region of the Himalayas north of Nepal and Sikkim. OVIS. 137 With regard to the distinctions between this species and the other two of which there are examples in the Museum, the skull differs from that of O. poli but slightly, in O. hodgsoni there is a very marked depression between the bases of the horn cones on the forehead, while the space is quite flat in O. poli; the great differ- ence, however, is in the horns, while those of O. hodgsoni are enormously massive at the base, they are never very long, 7e., they describe a little more than half a circle when viewed laterally, while those of O. poli are considerably more slender at their bases and the older ones describe a complete circle when viewed laterally ; the proportions of the circumference at the base to the total length measured along the frontal surface is as follows in typical specimens :—O. hodgsoni, circumference of the horn at the base, 17 inches; length of horn, 30 inches; O. poli, circumference, 15 inches ; length, 50 inches. The horns of Ovis canadensis are of much the same external form as those of O. hodgsoni as far as the curves are concerned, they differ, however, markedly in being almost smooth and not marked by the very conspicuous transverse furrows and ridges present in the horns of both O. poli and O. hodgsoni; the nuchal edge in O. canadensis is very much rounded, much more so than in the largest and oldest horns of Q. poli, and the nuchal surface is also markedly rounded instead of being flat as in O. hodgsoni and O. poli; in the skull the premaxille and nasal bones are much shorter than in those of the Asiatic Argalis and they are distinctly articulated the one with the other, which is not the case with the Asiatic forms. Altogether the Asiatic and American forms seem very distinct. a. Skull andg Sauk G, T. Lushington? A, S. B. horns. 6. Skull and aaa No history. horns. ce. Skull andg@ aaa No history, horns. ad. Skeleton ¢ cos eee G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. e. Stuffed ¢@ aeeoes G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. Ff. Head andg saree No history. horns. g. Skin andQ uae 'W. T._Blanford, 1870. skull. h. Skull Q Thibet? No history, A. B. S. j. Skeleton Q ————uaaaae No history, A. B. S. k. Head andg uae Capt. Michell. horns. 1. Skin,skull g¢ btw. Ladak and Kukchu N. Elias, 1879. and horns, 15,000 ft. Ovis canadensis. Ovis canadensis, Shaw Nat. Misc., xv, pl. 610 (1804); Biddulph P. Z.S., 1885, p. 678. 138 MAMMALIA, Ovis montana, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed., i, p. 267 (1817). Ovis cervina, Desmarest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxi, p. §53 (1818); Alston Biol. Centr. Am. Mamm., p. iii. < Ovis pygargus H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 318, with plate (1827). Ovis californianus, Douglas Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 332 (1828). The American Bighorn. Distribution.—The American Bighorn is found along the whole range of the Rocky Mountains on both the eastern and western slopes, from 68° N. as far as Sonora about 31° N.; it is also found in all the lesser ranges along the Eastern Pacific coast from Alaska to California. It seems probable that there are two species, or, at any rate, races -of bighorns ; the northern one much resembling O. nivicola, the -Kamschatkan wild sheep, and a southern one. (See Guillimard P. Z. S., 1885, p. 675. and Biddulph Z. c.) a, Skin, skull g isis H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1887. and horns. 6, Skin, skull 9 weieide H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1887. and hornss Ovis cycloceros. Ovis cycloceros, Hutton Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 514, pl. xix (1842); id. F.A.S.B., xv, p.15§2; P.L.Sclater P. Z. S., 1860, p.128, woodcut and pl., Ixxx ; Blyth Cat., p.177; Ferdon Mamm., p. 294; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 29, with plate of head ; Blanford Persia, p. 87: Murray Zool. Sind, p. 59; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 435; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2),v, p- 63. Ovis vignei, apud Blyth P.Z.S., p.70 (3840); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 172; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus.,p.175; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 526. The Oorial; Guch @, Mish 9, Persian; Huriar, or Orial, Pun- jab; Kuch in Suliman range ; Koh-i-poombur, Afghan. Distribution.—From the Punjab Salt Range and the Suleiman Range, especially round Peshawur, southwards to Sind and west- wards to the Parapamisus Range, and to Gwadar in Beluchistan and possibly to Shiraz (Blanford) ; Astrabad in Northern Persia (Beresford Lovett); this sheep is generally found at lower eleva- tions than the other wild sheep and in places where the heat is very excessive in summer. a. Skull, horns g Astrabad, N. Persia B. Lovett, 1885. 6. Head, stuffed Jalk, Beluchistan W. T. Blanford, 1877. and skin c. Skull, horns g heosiee W. Theobald, A. S. B, d, Skull, horns g eieaee W. Theobald, A. S. B. e. Skull, horns ¢ Punjab W. T. Blanford. f. Skull, horns ileus A.S.B. g. Skull,and 9 estas W. Theobald, A. S. B. horns. A. Skull, horns g Afghanistan P Purchased, 1871. OVIS. 139 je Stell horns, @ Khawja, Afghan. J.E.T. Aitchison, 1886, skin. A Skeleton suenee Zoological, Gardens, 1882. Z. Skin, skull 9 Dizak, Beluchistan, W. T. Blanford. : 23°3-72. m. ? Skin, skull Shiraz, Persia Sir O. St. John. juv. m. Skin, skull 9 aaa A.S.B. v. Skull,and ¢ British Beluchistan E. J. Jones, 1889. horns. Ovis vignii. Ovis vignii, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 70 (1840); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p- 581; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p.172; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 175; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 526; P. L Sclater P. Z.S., 1860, p. 127, wood.-cut and pl. Ixxix; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 209; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 435. i Ovis montana, apud Cunningham Ladak, p. 199, pl. vii (1854). Shapoo, Ladak ; Sha, Thibet ; Oorin, Astor district. Distribution.—Western Thibet and Ladak (Kinloch) extending to Gilgit (Scully). There was formerly considerable confusion with regard to the distinctions between this sheep and the Oorial; for some time they were considered identical until Sclater 7, c. showed the distinctions between the two; the one (Ovis vignii) occurring only, as far as is known, in Ladak and the upper valley of the Indus; the other having a wider distribution extending from the Punjab throughout Afghanistan. a, Skin, skull g Ladak (Strachey) ? India Mus., London. horns. ? & Skull 2 veneee A.S. B. juv. Ovis gmelini, Ovis gmelini, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 69 (1840) ; Blanford Persia, p.87; Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 276; id. P. Z. S., 1880, p. 55, with 6 figs. Ovis orientalis, apud Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., pp. 5) 29 (1840); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 172. ? Ovis anatolica, Valenciennes Comptes Rend., xliii, p. 65 (1856). Distribution.—The Elburz Mountains (Blanford), Erzeroom (Blyth), the northern slopes of the Taurus, and central parts of Asia Minor (Danford). a. Frontlet ait No history, A. S. B. & Skull and ——auuees No history, A. S. B. horns. c. Skull and g¢ Shameran Mts,, N. of W. T. Blanford. horns. Teheran. d. Stuffed ¢ deat W. Rutledge (1869). T4oO MAMMALIA, e. Stuffed 4 segane No history. f. Skin and juv. ai iaies No history. skull. Ovis nahoor. ? Ovis nayaur, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, p. 135, with plate (1833) [ pt. J Ovis nahoor, Hodgson P. Z. S., p. 197 (1834) ; Bicheno P. Z. S., 1838, p. 79; Blyth P.Z. S., 1840, p. 66; Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, pp. 231, 913; id. ibid., xi, p. 283; P.L. Sclater P.Z. S., 1860, p. 129; Blyth Cat., p.178; Ferdon Mamm. p. 296; KinlochiLarge Game Shooting, i, p. 25; with plate; Blan- ford Ff. A. S.B., xii, p. 40; Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 357, pls. Ixviii, Ixix; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 85. pl. xiv. Ovis burrhel, Blyth P, Z. S., p.67 (1840); id. Ann. Mag. N. ZH, vii, pl. v, fig. 7. Pseudais nahoor, Hodgson ¥. A. S B., xv, p. 343 (1846) ; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p.177; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 176; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, Pp. 527; Prewalski Peters. Mitth. Engb., xii, 1878, p.17; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlix, p. 131. The Burrhal; Na, Sna or Gnao in Western Thibet; Nirvati, Nepal ; Wa in Sutlej district. Distribution Himalayas ‘from the Nubra Valley, Ladak, (Adams) to Sikkim (Hodgson) ; also the Kuenlun (Stoliczka) Altyn Tagh south of Lob Nor (Prewalski) and Moupin, Eastern Tibet (Pére David); it is generally found high up, seldom descend- ing to the level of the forests. This is a very interesting form since it is in many ways a link between the genera Capra and Ovis; this has been specially noticed by Lydekker (J. ¢.) Among its Caprine characters are the absence of any trace of the antorbital pits, the shape of the basioccipital which resem- bles that of a goat in that the anterior tubercles are the larger than the posterior ones, while in the case of the sheep the reverse is the case, and the horns which have a slight tendency to the upward spiral so characteristic of the Markhor. Among the Ovine characters are the absence of any odour, no trace of a mane or beard, and presence of interdigital pores on all the feet. * Ovis cylindricornis, which was described by Blyth (P. Z, S.,1840, p. 68) many years ago from a single head from the Caucasus, has recently been redescribed at length by Dennik in Proceedings of the Society of Naturalists in St. Petersburg (translated by Delmar Morgan, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5) xix, p. 450) as Capra pallassii and by Eug. Buchner (Memoirs of the Imperial Academy of Sciences at St. Petersburg (7), xxxv, no. 8) as Capra cylindricornis of Blyth. Judging from the descriptions and figures given by these two Russian Naturalists, the Goat in question seems to be very nearly allied to Ovis nahoor and is probably its representative in the Caucasus. OVIS. 141 a. Skull and g isnaye G. T. Lushington, A,S.B. horns. 6. Frontlet ¢ sane A.S.B. juv. c. Frontlet .g sevees A.S.B. juv. d. Frontlet 2g went A.S.B. e. Skull and ¢ wees No history. horns, J. Frontlet Q saetes A.S.B. g. Skull and g aeaas A.S.B. horns. h. Skull and g hiss A.S.B. horns. j Stuffed juv. iedicbe No history, A.S.B. &. Skeleton g ere A.S.B. 2. Skeleton sass F. Wilson. m. Skin and ¢ anais E, Smyth, 1862, A.S.B. skull. m. Skin and g nr. Tam, Sanju Valley, F. Stoliczka, 1874. skull. Kuenlun Mts. o. Skin and Q sale A.S.B. skull. p. Flat skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. q. Skin, skele- 9 ‘evans W. Rutledge, 1878. ton. juv. 7. Skin, skull 9 ears W. Rutledge, 1880. uv. s. Skin : 2 teeeee W. Rutledge, 1879, t, Skin, skele- 9 antes W. Rutledge, 1877. ton. wu. Skin weitet No history. wv. Skin g eats No history. w. Skin, skull juv. Sikkim ? L. Mandelli, 1877. x. Skeleton seraee W. Rutledge, 1879. juv. E y Skeleton, @ oars W. Rutledge, 1879. skin. zs. Skeleton @ a. : W. Rutledge, 1879. a®, Skeleton é& or W. Rutledge, 1880 64, Stuffed = juv. ints No history, A.S.B. Ovis tragelaphus. Ovis tragelaphus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 486 (1822); Blyth P. Z.S., 1840, p. 75; Lataste Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, xxxix, p. 288. : Ovis ornata, /s. Geoff. St. Hil. Descript. Egypt Hist. Nat., ii, p. 742, Atlas, i, pl. vii, fig. 2 (1813). as Ammotragus tragelephus, Gray Cat. Mamm, B, M,, iii, p. 179 (1852).° The Aoudad or Barbary Wild Sheep. : Distribution.—The mountains of North Africa from Barbary to Tunis. a. Skin andg seaines W. Rutledge, 188r. skeleton. 142 MAMMALIA. Genus CAPRA. Capra, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 94 (1766). Hircus, Boddaext Elench. Anim. (1785)*. Aegoceros, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., 1, p. 224 (1831). Hemitragus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p.913 (1814). Type, C, jemlaica. Ibex, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 700 (1847). Out of the ten recognized species of wild goats no less than five are found in India, all of which are represented in the Museum Col- lection, of the others Capra pyrenaica and C. ibex are found in the Pyrenees and Alps respectively ; Capra caucasica in the Caucasus and Capra sinaitica and C. walie in Palestine, Egypt, and Abys- sinia. Sterndale (J. Bomb. Soc., i, p. 26) has recently described a head of an ibex from the Kishengunge country to the west of Kashmir, which seems to differ considerably from the ordinary C. sibirica, but until a little more is known about it, it seems rash to add it to the list of Indian Mammals; Sterndale has named it Capra duvergnii. Key of the Indian Species. a, Goats with long scimitar-shaped horns with knots at intervals along their length. 6. Horns witha sharp anterior edge ; the side of the horns being convex ; very slight traces of the knots. C. aegagrus, p. 142. 87. Horns with a flat anterior surface with distinct knots at regular intervals . ‘ . C. sibirica, p, 143. a®, Goats with spirally twisted horns, the spiral being from right to left, beginning from the base . C. falconeri, p. 145. a®, Goats with short horns never exceeding 18 inches. c. Horns set very parallel to one another ; the fronto-nuchal edge sharp, the fronto-orbital edge rounded off so that the frontal and nuchal surfaces form a continuous curve. C, hylocrius, p. 146. c*, Horns very divergent, forming about aright angle, but with the tips again converging ; horns two-sided with a sharp anterior edge; flat orbital and rounded nuchal sur- face. : : . - C. jemilaica, p. 146. Capra aegagrus. Capra aegagrus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 193 (1788); Hutton Calc. Fourn. N. #., ii, p. 521, pl. xix; id. ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 161; Kotschy Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. Wien, iv, p. 201*; Blasius Saugeth. Deutsch, p. 485; Blyth Cat., p. 176; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1874, p. 89; Blanford P. Z. S., 1874, CAPRA, 143 p. 248; Danford P. Z. S., 1875, p. 458; Blanford F. A, S.B., xliv, p. 15; Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 276; Blanford Persia, p. 80; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 56; P. L. Sclater P. Z, S., 1886, p. 315, pl. xxxi3 Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1064. “ Aegagrus,” Pallas Spic. Zool., xi, p- 43, pl. v, figs. 2, 3 (1776). oo aegagrus, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 226, pl. xvi, figs. 3, 4, 5 I 1). Cae caucasica, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 167 (1834); Adams P.Z.S,, 1858, p. 525. Capra blythi, Hume P. A. S. B., p. 240 (1874). Capra picta, Erhardt Fauna der Cycladen (1858) *; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 1872, p. 689. pl. lviii. ‘The Sind Ibex: Pasang @, Boz 9, Persia; Surrah, Beluchi. Distribution —From Crete and several of the Cyclades east- ward through Asia Minor, occurring on the Taurus (Danford), Mount Ararat and the Little Cacausus and sparingly on the southern slopes of the Great Cacausus, all over Persia, Trans-caspia, Beluchistan and Afghanistan to the borders of India where it is found in the Pubb and Suleiman ranges, probably as far north as the Khyber Pass. a. Stuffed é@ Sind A. E. Watson, 1876. 6. Stuffed 2 Sind A. E. Watson, 1876. ce. Skin, skull, g¢ Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. horns. d, Head stuffed ¢ Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1878. e. Skull, horns ¢ oe J. A. Murray, 1882. Ff. Skull, horns ¢ Ispahan Sheik Harri, 1878. g. Horns g nr. Shiraz Sir O. St. John. h. Skull, horns ¢ Afghanistan Sir A. Burns, A. S. B, j. Head stuffed @ Sind, 17-5-75 W. T. Blanford. k, Head stuffed g Ispahan Sheik Harri, 1878. juv. 2. Skin No history. m, Skin @ juv. E. of Bampur, Baluch., W. T. Blanford. 4,000 ft., 30-3°72. nm. Skeleton,skin@ ee ‘ Karachi Mus, [Ex.], 1879. o. Skull,horns 9 canine No history, Capra sibirica. “ Skyin,” Cunningham Ladak, p. 200. “Ibex alpium sibericarum,” Padlas Spic. Zool., xi, p. 31, pl. ili, 1776. Capra sibirica, Meyer Zool. Annal., i, 397 (1794)* ; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 243, pl. x, figs. 1-4; Blyth Cat., p.176; Ferdon Mamm., p. 292; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 32 [with plate of head]; Severtsoff Ann, Mag. N. H.(4), Xvili, p. 333; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 86; Scully P. Z, S., 1881, p. 208; P.L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1886, 316; Thomas Linn. Trans., (2) v, p. 64. Aegoceros ibex, Pallas Zoog. Ross, As., i, p. 224, pl. xv, figs. 1-2 [horns] 1831). ‘ tae ibex, apud Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841); id. FA. S.B,, x1, p. 283. Capra sakeen, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xi, p, 283 (1842). Aegoceros skyn, Wagner Schreb. Siugeth. Suppl., iv, p. 491 (1844). Ibex sakin, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 700 (1847.) : 144 MAMMALIA. Capra himalayana, Gray Cat, Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 150 (1852); Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 523. Capra skyn, Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 334 (oB78hs Praewalsky Peters. Mitth. Erzb., xii, 1878, p. 5. Capra pallasii, apud Sching N. Denkschr. all. Schweite. Gesellsch., ii, p. 9*. The Himalayan Ibex; Skyn ¢ |’Danma 9 of Little Thibet ; Kyl, Kashmir ; Buz on the Upper Sutlej ; Tangrol of Kulu. Distribution —The Himalayas from the Gilgit district (Scully), eastwards to Nepal, but not east of Nepal, also the higher ranges of Thibet (Hodgson), the Thian Shan (Severtzoff) and the Altai and Sajan Ranges, but not extending east of Lake Baikal (Radde) ; it frequents the higher ranges seldom descending to the tree level. It was also got by the Afghan Boundary Commission in the Para- pomisus Mountains, a. Stuffed & Kalsi, Ladak N. Elias, 1879. é. Flat skin Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. c. Flat skin 3 Gilgit, 27-4-79 J. Scully, 1888, d. Skin juv. Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. e. Skin, skull, Q@ nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. horns. St. ee skull, Q nr. Kashgar F, Stoliczka 1874. orns. : g. Skin, skull, 9 Tam, Sanju, Kuenlun F. Stoliczka, 1874. horns. Mts., 28-10-73. h, Skinand @ juv. nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. horns. j. Feet nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. k Horns, g juv. nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. 2, Horns, g juv. nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. m. Stuffedhead g nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. n. Skull, horns g nr. Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. o. Skull, horns @ seis Purchased 1871. p- Skull, horns ¢ yiige’ Purchased 1871. g. Skull, horns g toeans Purchased 1871. vr, Frontlet, é Pore No history, A. S. B. horns. s. Frontlet, a : No history, A. S. B. horns, #. Frontlet, 4 No history, A. S. B. horns, u. eed ge no nr. Kashgar F, Stoliczka, 1874. skull. Capra sinaitica, Capra nubiana, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. (1828 ). Capra sinaitica, Hempr. et Ehr. Symb. Phys., i, pl. xviii (1828); P. L. Sclater P.Z, S., 1886, p. 316, pl. xxxii. Capra arabica, Ruppell N. Wirbelth., p. 17 (1835). fEgoceros beden, Wagner Schreb. Sdugeth, Vv, p. 1303 (1836). Capra beden, Tristram, P.Z.S., p. 85 (1866). Distribution.—Mountains of Upper Egypt, Sinai and Palestine. @,. Skull, horns, ¢ Sinaitic peninsula B. M. P. Carter [Ex.] CAPRA. 145 Capra falconeri. Aegoceros (Capra) falconeri, Wagner Munch. Gel. Ant., ix, p. 430 (1839). Capra megaceros, Hutton Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 535, pl. xx (1842); id. F.A.S. B., xv, po 161; Blyth Cat., p. 176; Ferdon Mamm.,, p. 291; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 37 [with plate]. Capra falconeri, Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 579, with plate (1848); Blanford $ A. S. B., xliv, !p.17; Scully P. ZS. 1881, p. 209; P.L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1886, p. 317. Capra megaceros, Cunningham Ladak, p. 200, pl. vii (1854). Hircus megaceros, Adams P. Z. S., p. 525 (1858). Capra jerdoni, Hume P. A. S. B., 1874, p. 240; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 15 [with plate]. The Markhor; Markhor (Snake-eater) of the Afghans; Rap- hochhe g Ramochhe @ of Ladak. Disiribution—The Pir Pinjal range to the south of Kashmir extending northwards to Gilgit (Scully), eastwards to the Beas River (Adams), and southward through the Suleiman Range as far as Mittun Kote (Adams). : There are certainly two varieties of Markhor, whether they can be considered as two different species or not still remains undecided ; the scantiness of the Museum collections of these animals prevents my forming an opinion on the subject, I have, therefore, followed Blanford, who is of opinion that the two forms run into one another and cannot be therefore separated as two species, In the Kashmir variety, which is found in the Pir Pinjal and also in the Gilgit district, the horns are spirally twisted about an imagi- nary axis, the spiral being very open in some cases as in the one figured in “ Hugel’s Kaschmir.” In the Suleiman variety the horns are perfectly straight, but a spiral ridge runs round the horn which gives the horna very differ- ent appearance ; both varieties are very well figured by Colonel Kinloch in his book on the Large Game of the Himalayas. Should the Suleiman variety prove to be sufficiently distinct to be considered a separate species, it would be called Capra mega- ceros of Hutton. a. Skin [no horns] Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 6. Skin @ juv. Jutyel{Mula, Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. c. Skin » juv. Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. d. Skull and ¢ acanies W. T. Blanford. horns. @. Skull. and ¢ sasees Sir A, Burnes, 1840, A.S.B. horn. St Skull. and $ osecar W. T. Blanford, 1879. . horns. g. Frontlet o senaee W. Theobald, A.S.B. A. Skin and juv. eagiens W. Rutledge, 1868. skull. j. Skull, horns g Gilgit J. Scully, 1888. 146 MAMMALIA. Capra jemlaica. Capra jemlanica, H. Smith, Grigith An. Kingd, iv, p. 308 [plate very bad] (1827) ; Sclater P, Z. S., 1886, p. 317. ; ; Capra jharal, Hodgson As. Res., xvili, pt. 2, p. 129, with plate (1831); id. P.Z.S., 1834, p. 106; id. ¥. A. S. B., iv, p. 491; id. ibid., p. 710. Hemitragus quadrimammis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 913, (1841). Hemitragus jemlaicus, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, Pp. 144 (1852); Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 523; Blyth Cat., p..175; Ferdon Mamm., p. 286; Blanford ¥. A. S.B., xli, p. 40; Kinloch Large Game Shoot- ing, ii, p. 11 [with plate of head]; Atkinson N. W. P. Gasett., xi, p- 33; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286. The Tahr ; Jharal of Nepal; Jugle of Kashmir; Kras of Khristwar ; Kart of Kulu district ; Esbu of the Sutlej. Distribution.—The Himalayas, from 6,000 ft. or 7,000 ft. up= wards ; not recorded west of the Pir Pinjal (Adams) and eastwards, occurs doubttfully in Sikkim. a. Stuffed g Pir Pinjal, South Slope N. Elias (1879). head and % skin. b, Stuffed g ur. Mussooree Miss Milman (1873). c. Skulland g wee ses B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. horns. d. Skulland ¢ waren ASB. horns. e. Skull and g eddies A.S.B. horns. Jf. Skull and g eeeaes B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. horns, g.Frontlet Q@ = aaa AS.B. and horns. ‘ h, Skeleton g wonnes A.S.B. j. Frontlet gs sasaee No history, A.S.B. Capra hylocrius. Kemas hylocrius, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 81 (1837); Blyth F. A. S. B.,, xi, p. 880; id. ¥. A. S.B,, xxviii, p. 201. Capra (Ibex) warryato, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (1), x, p. 267 (1842). Hemitragus hylocrius, Blyth Cat., p. 175 (1863); Ferdon Mamm., p. 288 ; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 117. Kemas warryato, Gray Cat, Mamm., B. M., iii, p. 146 (1852). Capra hylocrius, P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., p. 318 (1886). The Nilgiri Ibex; Warra-ardu or-artu, Tamil. Distribution—This goat is entirely confined to the hills in Southern India, 7.e., the Nilgiris and Cardamums or Ghats of Travancore and Cochin. a. Skin @ Nilgiri hills Madras Mus., 1872, é a and ¢ Nilgiri hills Madras Mus., 1879. orns, CAPRA. 147 ¢. Skull and? Nilgiri hills Madras Mus., 1879. horns. da ger andg@ Travancore Rev. J. Baker, A.S.B. orns. e. Skull andgQ ‘gical T. C. Jerdon, A.S.B. horns, J. Skull and 9 ‘eves L. C. Stewart, A.S.B. horns. g- Skull and g Deviculam, Travancore A. W. Turner, 1889. horns. Capra hircus. Capra hircus, Linneus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 94 (1766); Blyth Cat, p. 176. ‘The Domestic Goat, a. Head stuffed ore No history. 4. Head stuffed Se aieee No history. c. Head stuffed Upper Burma J. Anderson, 1869. dad, Headstufled Saas, , W. Rutledge, 1864. e. Head stuffed casts Mrs. Turnbull, 1875. Jf. Skulland Sikkim breed A.S.B. horns. g- Skin and Shoho breed of Abyssi- W. T. Blanford, 1869. skull. nia. h. Skin of g [which gave milk] Zoological Gardens, 1878, head. Genus NEMORHAEDUS. Nemorhedus, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., v, p.352 (1827); [asa sub-genus. ] Kemas, Ogiliy P. Z. S., p. 138 (1836). Zype, N. goral. Capricornis, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 139 (1836). Type, N. bubalina, Urotragus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), viii, p. 371 (1871). Zype, N. caudata, This genus is rather in confusion in consequence of the large number of species that have been de-cribed, but which are doubt- fully distinct from one another. The type of the genus is Nemorhedus sumatrensis; N. goral is certainly distinct, but N. bubalina seems to differ from N. sumatrensis only in being a little larger ; N. rubida described by Blyth seems to be only a very reddish form of M. sumatrensis; N. crispus from Japan appears to be distinct ; N. swinhoei from Formosa was considered by Blyth to be, like N. rubida merely a variety of N. sumatrensis ; finally Milne Edwards in his Recherches Mammiferes described four new species (1) N. caudatus which seems to most resemble N. goral but has a very long tail ; (2) N. griseus and (3) N. cinereus which seem somewhat intermediate between the goral and serow type ; and finally (4) N. edwardsii which M. Milne Edwards allows is very nearly allied to N. bubalina from which it differs only in L 2 148 MAMMALIA. being somewhat smaller and redder ; since these are exactly the differences between N. sumatrensis and bubalina as pointed out by Blyth, the inference is obvious that N. edwardsii is merely the same reddish variety of N. sumatrensis as that described by Blyth as N. rubida. The skull of the true N. sumatrensis has been compared with the description and figure in M. Milne Edwards’ work and agrees with it very well, Key of the Indian Species. a, Smaller, (head and body 50 inches) ; skull with a distinct ridge across the check in front of the eye; no antorbital depres- sion, N. goral, p. 148. a*, Larger, (head and body 60 to 66 inches) ; skull with a shallow depression in front of the eyes for the reception of the ant- orbital gland. 8. Larger, (head and body generally over 5 feet); black; legs white. N. bubalinus, p. 149. 6, Smaller, (head and body generally under 5 feet); black or ted; legs the same colour as the body. N. sumatrensis, p. 150. Nemorhzdus goral. “ Bouquetin de Nepoul,” F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Mamm.; lior. 41, with plate, Antilope goral, Hardwicke Linn, Trans., xiv, p. 518, pl. xiv (1823); Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 578. Antilope (Nemorhzdus) goral, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, Pp. 279, (1827) ; Hodgson, P. Z. S., 1834, p. 85; id. ¥.4.S. B., iv, p. 488. Antilooe (Nemorhadus) duvaucellii, 2, Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 279 (1827). Kemas ghoral, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 138 (1836). Nemorhzdus goral, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841) ; Gray P. Z. S. 1850, p. 136; Horsfield Cat. B. I. Mus., p. 168; id. P. Z. S., 1856, p. 403; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 523 ; Blyth Cat., p.175; Ferdon Mamm., p. 285: Blanford F.A.S.B.,xli, p. 40 ; Lydekker F, A. S. B., xlvi, p. 286; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 21, [plate of head]; Atkinson N. W. P Gazetts, Xi, p. 33 : The Goral or Himalayan Chamois; Goral or Bund-buckree of Paharias ; Pijur Rein or Rom of Kashmir; Sah of the Sutlej val- ley; Peij of Chumba ; Suhging, Lepch. ; Ragiyu, Bhotea, Sar Siete Ra southern ranges of the Himalayas, from 4,000 feet to 10,000 feet ; Pir Pinjal (Adams) to Sikki nfor Kinloch gives also the Siwaliks. a ; eon @. Skinand @ Mussoorie Miss Milman, 1873 horns, : NEMORHEDUS. 149 & Skinand = Mussoorie Miss Milman, 1873. horns. e. Skin, skull g Native Sikkim W. T. Blanford, 1870, and horns. d. Skin and Sikkim L, Mandelli, 1877. horns. e. Skin and Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. horns. JF. Skin, skull 9 waists W. Rutledge, 1883. aud bones. : g. Skull é No history, h. Frontlet | ¢ B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. j. Frontlet 9 B.H. Hodgson, A.S.B. k. Stuffed B. H. Hodgson, A.S.Bs -L. Stuffed 2 North of Simla F. Stoliczka, m. Skeleton Q aise W. Rutledge, 1881. and skin, n. Skulland ¢ went B, H. Hodgson, A.S.B. horns, . Nemorhzdus caudatus. Antilope crispa, apud Schrenck Amurland Séiugeth, p. 188 (1859); Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 262, pl. xii, Antilope caudata, A, Milne Edwards Ann. Sc, Nat. (8), vii, p. 377 (1867); id. Rech. Mamm., p..186, pl. xxiii, xxili-a xxiii-d, Urotragus caudatus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), viii, p. 371 (1871). Distribution.—Amurland (Radde) and the mountains to the north of Pekin (Pere David.) a. Stuffed North of Pekin Paris Mus. [Ex.] Nemorhezdus bubalinus. Antilope bubalina, Hodgson P.Z.S., p. 12 (1832). . Antilope thar, Hodgson P.Z. S., p. 105 (1833); id. ibid, 1834, p. 86; id, ¥. A. S. B., iv, p. 480. Capricornis thar, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 139 (1836). Nemorhzdus proclivus, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841). - Capricornis bubalina, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 166 (1842); id, P. Z.S., 1850, p. 135; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat., p. 174. Nemorhzdus bubalinus, Ferdon Mamm., p. 283 (1867); Blanford F. A. S. B., xli, p. 40; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 18, with plate; Anderson Anat. Zool. Resy p. 335. The Serow; Thar of Nepal; Ramoo, Kashmiree; Eimu of Sutlej valley ; Gya, Bhotea; Lichi, Lepcha. Distribution—From Kashmir all through the Himalayas to Sikkim (Blanford), also ‘in the mountains of Upper Burma (Anderson). a. Skin, skull Sikkim L, Mandelli, 1877. and horns. 6. Flat skin Sanda valley, Yunnan J. Anderson, 1868, 150 MAMMALIA. e. Flat skin Sanda _ valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 7-1-68, 6,000 ft, d. Stuffed aves }. Biddulph. e. Frontlet Naini Tal, Purchased. 1888. : J. Frontlet Sanda valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 1868. 4,000 ft. ; g. Frontlet Sanda valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 1868. 4,000 ft, h. Skull tosnee No history. Nemorhzdus sumatrensis. “Kambing utan,” Marsden Hist. Sumatra, 3rd ed., p. 115, pl. xiv, fig. 1. Antilope sumatrensis, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2,p. 354 (1800); Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 266; Ogilby P.Z. S.,1836, p.121; Muller Over de Zoogdieren Tem., Verhandl., p. 45. : Antilope (Nemorhzdus) sumatrensis, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., iv, Pp. 277 (1827). : oa ' Antilope interseapularis, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. Natuzf. Freunde, vi, p. 165 (1864).* : Nemorhzedus sumatrensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 166 (1843); Beavan P. Z. S., 1866, p. 2; Cantor $. A. S. B,, £V, p. 272. Capricornis sumatrensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 135 (1850); Blyth Cat., p. 174; id, ¥. A.S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 46. : Capricornis rubida, Blyth Cat., p. 174 (1863). Capricornis swinhoii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 263, pl. xxxv (1862); Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1862, p. 361 and 1870, p. 647. P gia milne-edwardsii, David N. Arch. Mus.,v, bulletin, p. to 1869). Antilope (Nemorhzdus) edwardsii, Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 364, pls. lxxii, Ixxiii (1874) ; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 335« Thorsek of Burmese. Distribution.—Assam, Burma, Arakan (Blyth), Moulmein (Bea- van), Tenasserim, Malay peninsula(Cantor), and Sumatra(Raffles), also Formosa (Swinhoe), if N. edwardsii is identical with this species, its range extends northwards to Eastern Thibet. a. Stuffed 9 Shillong, Assam, 3,5ooft. C. R. Cock, 1879. and skull. d. Skull, one Tenasserim Major Berdmore, 1861, horn, A.S.B. e. Skull and Tenasserim Major Berdmore, 1861, horns. A.S.B. f. oe a Tenasserim Major Berdmore, 1861, ect). A.S.B, g- Skull (no Sumatra AS.B. horns), h, Skull and aianes No history. horns, j. Frontlet Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B. horns. &. Frontlet dens No history. BUDORCAS. 151 t, Odd horn Rangamati, Chittagong J. T. Jarbo, 1870, m. Odd horn tna cade J. T. Jarbo, 1879. x, Skull Wellesley Province India Mus., London, Genus HAPLOCEROS. Aploceros, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 354 (1827). Haploceros, Wagner Schreber Saugeth. Suppi., iv, p. 36 (1844). « Haploceros montanus. Ovis montana, Ord Guthrie's Geograph. 2nd Amer. ed., ii, pp. 293, 309 Antilope (Rupicapra) americana, Blanville Bull. Soe, Philom, p. 80 Actions lanigera, #. Smith, Linn. Trans,, xiii, p. 38 pl. iv. (1822). Distribution —The Rocky Mountains of North America. a. Skull soneee H. A, Ward [Ex.], 1889. Genus RUPICAPRA. Rupicapra, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p.75 (1816)*, Capella, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 28 (1840). Type, R. tragus, Rupicapra tragus. Capra rupicapra, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 95 (1766). Antilope (Rupicapra) rupicapra, Blanville ‘Bull. Soc. Philom, p.°75 (1816)*. Rupicapra tragus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 167 (1843). Capella rupicapra, Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 488 (1857). Distribution.—The Alps of Central Europe, the Carpathians, the Pyranees and the Caucasus. a. Stuffed g Alps of Aosta, Italy Prof. Giglioli, 1881. &. Skeleton Alps of Aosta, Italy Prof. Giglioli, 1881. Genus BUDORCAS. Budorcas, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xix, p. 65 (1850). Only one species known. Budorcas taxicolor. “Takang,” Rowlatt $. A. S. B., xiv, p. 493. : Budorcas taxicolor, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., xix, p. 65, [3 plates] (1850) ; B’ytk ¥. A. S. B., xix, p. 348; Gray P,Z.S., 1853, Pp. 192, pl. xxxvi; Blyth Cat., 152 MAMMALIA, p. 174; Anderson P. Z.S., 1869, p.470; Hume P.Z.S., 1887, p. 483, [woodcuts of heads g and 9]. Budorcas taxicolor var. tibetana, Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 367, pls. Ixxiv to lxxix (1874). Takin, Mishmis of Assam frontier ; Khing, Khamtees. Distribution.—The hills at the head of the Assam valley whence it is brought down by the Mishmi tribes ; it has also been got by Pere David from Moupin in Eastern Thibet. ° The Takin has never yet, as far as I am aware, been seen wild or shot by Anglo-Indian sportsmen, in fact the only man who has been actually in the country of the “Takin” is Pere David the celebrated French Missionary. The Takin is a generalized type exhibiting many intermediate characteristics, so that it is difficult to say whether it should be included among the sheep, oxen, antelopes or goats; Milne Edwards considers that it is rather more allied to the antelopes, and I have followed him in placing it here at the beginning of the antelopes. Hume in his recent paper has shown that all previous writers have been mistaken with regard to the horns of the female, which are long straight and ox-like without the characteristic gnu-like twist of the male. a. Stuffed g Mishmi hills, Assam F. Jenkins, A.S.B, 6. Stuffed ¢ wane No history. te. Stuffed ¢ sivas E. T. Dalton (1856), head and A.S.B. horns. d. Skull $ aaarewe A. R. Comber (1863). e. Frontlet seas F. Jenkins, A.S.B. f. Frontlet S$ aaa . F. Jenkins, A.S.B. g- Frontlet Q = aaa . F, Jenkins, A.S.B. hk. Skeletonjuv, uae . Col. Graham, 1879. j. Skin, skull, Mishmi hills Dy. Commissioner, 1882. skelet. Q &. Skin, skull, “Sudiya,” Assam W. Brydon, 1884. skelet. ¢ 2, Skin é oats Col. Graham, 1879. m. Skin juve aaa Col. Graham, 1879. n. Skin é “Debroghur” Col. Graham, 1879. o. Skin Mishmi hills J. Gregory, 1870. Genus OREAS. Oreas, Desmarest Mamm., p. 471 (1822). Oreas canna. Antilope oryx, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 15 (1767). Antilope oreas, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, pp. § and 17 (1777). Antilope (Oreas) canna, Desmarest Mamm., p. 471 (1822). STREPSICEROS. 153 Damalis (Boselaphus) oreas, H. Smith Grifith An. Kingd., iv, p.355 [with plate] (1827). Damalis (Boselaphus) canna, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 357 (1827). Boselaphus oreas, Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. vi (1840); A. Smith S: Africa Zool., pls. x1 and xli. Oreas canna, Blyth Cat., p. 164 (1863); Selous P. Z, S., 1881, p. 749. The Eland. Distribution —South Africa generally; extending north to the Kilimanjaro district ; now extinct in Cape Colony. a. Frontlet wees W. S. Sherwill (1843), A.S.B. 6. Skeleton ¢& wees Zoological Gardens (1885), Genus STREPSICEROS. Strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., v, p. 365 (1827). The Abyssinian specimens of Kudu got by Blanford seem to be examples of the Lesser Kudu of Blyth, easily distinguished from the Greater Kudu by the closed spiral of its horns, Strepsiceros kudu. Antilope strepsiceros, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 17 (1767). Antilope (Tragelaphus), strepsiceros, Desmazest Mamm., p. 468 (1822). Damalis (Strepsiceros) strepsiceros, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd, iv, p. 359 (1827). Strepsiceros kudu, Gray List Mamm. B, M., p. 155 (1843); Blyth Cat., p- 165; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 751. Strepsiceros ‘capensis, Harris Wild Game S, Africa, pl. xx (1840); A. Smith S. Africa Zool., pls. xlii, xliii, : The Kudu. ‘, Distribution —South Africa, but nearly extinct in Cape Colony ; found in abundance between the Limpopo and Zambesi Rivers, and extending northwards as far as the Kilimanjaro district a. Frontlet ¢ sass A.S.B. Strepsiceros imberbis. Strepsiceros imberbis, Blyth P. Z. S., p. §2 (1869); P. L. Sclater P. Z. S. 1884, p. 45; pl. iv ; Phillips P. Z. S., 1885, p. 931. , Strepsiceros kudu, apud Blanford Abyssinia, p. 270 (1870). Strepsiceros tendal, Gray Cat. Rum, Mamm, B. M., p. 46 (1872). Lesser Kudu. Distribution—Central and Eastern Africafrom Abyssinia in the north to Somaliland, and down to the Equator. a. Stuffed, ¢ Anseba valley, Abys- W. T. Blanford. sinia, 4,000 ft. 154 MAMMALIA. 6, Skin, @ juv. Anseba valley, Abys- _ W. T. Blanford. sinia, 4,000 ft., 14+7-68. Genus TRAGELAPHUS. Tragelaphus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 7§ (1816)*. Tragelaphus sylvaticus. Antilope sylvatica, Sparrman Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 197 (1780). Tragelaphus sylvatica, Gray List Mamm, B, M., p. 165 (1843); Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xxvi, fig. 1, Selous P, Z. S., 1881, p. 752. The Bosch-bok. Distribucion.—South Africa, extending north to the Kilimanjaro district. a-b, 2Prs. horns South Africa W. Irving. . Genus BOSELAPHUS. Boselaphus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 7§ (1816)*. Portax, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 306 (1827). Type, B. tragoca- melus. This genus contains only one species, the Nilgai, which is entirely confined to India. Boselaphus tragocamelus. Antilope tragocamelus, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 9 (1767); id. ibid, xii, p. 13. Antilope albipes Erxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 280 (1777). Antilope picta, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, p- 14 (1777); F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 46, with plate; Sykes P; Z. S., 1831, p. 105. Antilope (Boselaphus) picta, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*, Damalis (Portax) risia, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd, iv, p. 363 (1827) ; Elliot Madr, Fourn., x, p. 220. Tragelaphus hippelaphus, Ogilay P. Z.S., p. 138 (1836). Portax picta, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 154 (1843); Yerdon Mamm., p. 272; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 99 ; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 55 [plate of head}; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 476. Portax tragocamelus, Gray P, Z,S., p. 146 (1850); Adams P.Z.S., 1858, Pp. 523; Blyth Cat., p. 165. The Nilgai; Roz Rooee, Hind.; Maravi, Canarese ; Gurayi, Gond ; Manupotu, Telegu. Distribution.—The peninsula of India generally ; not north of Lahore (Adams), but common about Cawnpore and Umbala and southwards to the Deccan (Sykes), and to Coimbatore and Salem (Jerdon) ; not found in Ceylon or Lower Bengal. a. Stuffed 4 ise Barrackpore, Menagerie, (1842), A.S.B. & Stuffed ce) sada ec. Skeleton ¢ asiwee (mted), d. Stuffed S sees head e. Skull, horns g Cawnpore dist. Jf Skoullhornsg aaa g- Skull,hornsg nas (castrated). he Skull Bie pee 2 hates j» Skull g Alwara, Jumna River k. Skull @ Banda district 2, Skull (rer m. Skeleton 9 oT and skin juv. - Skeleton B = ————oauuaee v. Frontlet @ saneee 155 Barrackpore, Menagerie, 1842, A.S.B. A.S.B. W. Rutledge, 1878, J. Cockburn, 1872. A.S.B, A.S.B. W. Rutledge, 1881. J. Cockburn, 1881. J. Cockburn, 1881. A.S.B. Zoological Gardens, 1880. Zoological Gardens, 1878. A.S.B. Genus ORYX. Oryx, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. Oryx gazella. Capra gazella, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 96 (1766). Antilope bezoartica, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 14 (1767). Antilope oryx, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, p. 17 (1777). Antilope (Oryx) oryx, Blainville Bull. Soc.,Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. Oryx capensis, Ogilay P. Z.S., p. 139 (1836); Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. ix. Oryx gazella, Blyth Cat., p. 169 (1863); Selous P.Z.S., 1881, p. 755. The Gemsbok, Distribution.—South Africa; principally in the deserts of the south-west, z.e., Kalahari and Damara land. - a. Frontlet g@ South Africa Oryx beisa. ASB. Antilope beisa, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 14, pl. v (1835). Oryx beisa, Gray Cat. Mamm. B.M., iii, p. 106 (1852); Blanford Abyse sinia, p. 262;P.L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1881, p. 626, pl. liv; Phillips P. Z.S., 1885, p. 931. Beisa Antelope. Distribution.—North-East Africa; desert country round Sua- kim and Massowah and southward to Somali land (Phillips) and Kilimanjaro. a. Stuffed 9 nr. Massowa, Abyssi- nia, 8-68, W. T. Blanford. 156 MAMMALIA, b. Skeleton @Q nr. Massowa, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. nia, 8-68. c. Skin, g seins Zoological Gardens, 1883. skeleton. d. Skin, # juv. aiueds Zoological Gardens, 1878. skeleton. Oryx beatrix. Oryx beatriz, Gray P.Z.S., p. 158, pl. lv (1857); P. L. Sclater P. Z.S.5 1872, p. 603; id. P. Z. S., 1878, p. 789. Distribution.—Arabia, one specimen was got from near Mecca, the other from Bushire. A skull identified by Blyth as O. leucoryx seems to be rather referable to O. beatrix than to O. beisa; the horns are quite straight, so that it is certainly not O. leucoryx. a, Skull tovses A.S. B. Oryx leucoryx. Antilope leucoryx, Pallas Spic. Zool., xii, p. 17 (1777). Antilope (Oryx) leucoryx, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom,, p. 75 (1816)*. Oryx leucoryx, Ogilly P. Z.S., p. 139 (1836); Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., ili, p. 107. White Oryx. Distribution.— North and West Africa, Nubia, Senaar and Sene- gal. a, Skeleton 9 aeanvs W. Rutledge, 1881. b Shall and g aaaine W. Rutledge, 1889. orns. : . Genus HIPPOTRAGUS. Egoceros, Desmarest Mamm., p. 475 (1822). Aigocerus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 324 (1827). Hippotragus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl, p. 196 (1844)' Hippotragus equinus. Antilope equina, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. N. Dict. Hist. Nat., ii, p. 204 (1816). Antilope (Aigocerus) equina, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., v, p.- 324 (1827) ; Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xvili; A. Smith Zool. S. Africa, pl. xxvii; Blyth Cat., p. 169. Hippotragus equinus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p. 196 (1844) *; Kohl. Ann. K.K, Nat. Hofmus, i, p. 85. Hippotragus leucophaeus, apud Selous P.Z. S., p. 755 (1881). The Equine Antelope. Distribution—Throughout Central and South Africa; it has also been got from West Africa, but is replaced in Central Africa GAZELLA. 157 by an allied species Hippotragus bakeri of Heuglin. (See Sclater P.Z.S., 1868, p. 214). If H. leucophaeus of -Pallas is considered merely as a smaller or younger specimen of H. equinus, the former name has many years priority and will of course stand. a. Frontlet g suite A.S. B. Genus GAZELLA. Gazella, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom. p. 75 (1816)*. Antidorcas, Sundevall Kongl, Vatens Akad. Handl. (1844)*. Type, G. euchore, Procapra, Hodgson, F. A. S. B., xv, p. 334 (1846). Type, G. picticaudata, Tragops, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 695 (1847). Type, G. bennetti. Key of the Indian Species. a. Females horned ; horns of males not lyrate. Gazella bennetti, p. 159. a*, Females hornless. 5. Horns lyrate, a distinct antorbital pit to the skull. Gazella subgutturosa, p. 160. &, Horns scimitar-shaped ; no trace of antorbital pit. Gazella picticaudata, p. 161. Gazella dorcas. Capra dorcas, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 96 (1766). Antilope dorcas, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 11 (1767). Gazella dorcas, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 168 (1812)* ; Blyth Cat., p. 172; Tristram P.Z. S., 1866, p. 86; Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 276; Brooke P. Z. S., 1873, p: 537. Distribution.—Asia Minor near Tarsus (Danford), Syria, Egypt, and Algeria. a. Skin, skull ¢ seeaien Zoological Gardens, 1881. and horns, 6. Skin g juv. Egypt R. A. Turnbull, 1881, c. Skeleton ¢ No history. d. Stuffed Rajah R. Mullick, 1872. Gazella isabella. Gazella isabella, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 214 (1846); Brooke P.Z. S., 1873; p+ 539+ as Gazella dorcas, apud Blanford Abyssinia, p. 261 (1870). Distribution—The Egyptian Soudan up to the coast at Mas- sowah, 158 MAMMALIA. a. Stuffed g Ain nr. Massowah, W. T. Blanford. head. 16-8-68, 12,000 ft. 6. Stufled 9 Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. ~~ head. i c. Stuffed oe Sone W. T. Blanford. head. d. Skull and o ” Komayli, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. horns. 20-2-68. Gazella spekii. Gazella spekii, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 296 (1855); id. Cat. p. 172; Elanford Abyssinia, p. 261, pl. i, figs. §-5a; Brooke P. Z.S., 1873, p 543; Phillips P. Z. S., 1885, p. 631; Kohl Ann. K. K. Nat. Hofmus. i, p. 77, pls. iti and iv. Distribution.—Somali land (Speke, Phillips and Menges). a. Stuffed ¢ Somali land J. H. Speke, 1855, A.S.B. head. 6. sine 2 Somali land J. H. Speke, 1855, A.S.By ead. [Types of Gazella spekii, Blyth.] Gazella arabica. ? Gazella cora, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., V, P. 333 (1827). Gazella arabica, Lichtenstein Darstell., pl. vi Nea Hempr. & Ehr. Symb. Phys., pl. v5 Blanford Abyssinia, p. 261, pl. i, fig. 3; Brooke P.Z.S., 1873, p. 544. Gazella vera, Gray Knowsley Menagerie (1850)*. Gazella dorcas, apud Blyth Cat., p. 172 (1863). Distribution.—South Arabia. @ Skinand Q sean : skeleton. 6 Skinand Q@ aaa < skele- juv. ton. e. Skinand ¢@ veseae skele- juv. ton, d. Skin (with horns), juv. Zoological Gardens, 1878. W. Rutledge, 1878. Zoological Gardens, 1878. Purchased, 1864. e. Skin and setae Zoological Gardens, 1881. skull, juv. f- Skin, eT Zoological Gardens, 1877. g. Skin and ¢ sitca Zoological Gardens, 1877. skeleton. hk. Skinand g “Bushire Zoological Gardens, 1882, skull. j. Skinand Q@ aus Zoological Gardens, 1882, skeleton. & Skin No history. 1, Skull a An ASB. m, Skull é senees A.S.B. GAZELLA, 159 n. Frontlet @ gains A.S. B. o. Skull thea A.S.B. p. Skull : re é A.S.B q Skull 4 ‘ A.S.B- 7. Skull Te A.S. B. s. Skull 9 eee A. S. B. Gazella bennetti. Antilope bennettii, Sykes P.Z.S., p. 104 (1831); Blanford ¥, A. S. B,, xxxvi, p. 196. Antilope arabica, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., X, p. 223 (1830). ee curl Gray apud Blyth, F. A. S. B., xi, p. 452 (1842); Hutton . ALS. B., xv, p. 151. Gazella bennetti, Gray List Mamm. B. M.,, p. 161 (1843); Ferdon Mamm., p. 280; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 115; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 57, with plate; Stoliceka $. A. S. B., xli, p. 2293 Blane ford P. Z. S., 1873, p. 315; Brooke P. Z. S., 1873, p. 544; Blanford Persia, p. 91; Sterndale Mamm. Ind, p. 463; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 56. A hazenna, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, iv, p. 74, pl, vi 1844). Tragops bennetti, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 695 (1847); Adams P. Z, S., 1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat., p. 173. The Indian Gazelle, Ravine Deer in North India; Goat Ante- lope in South India; Chikara, Kalpunch, Kalsipi, Hindustani; Budari, Mudari; Tiska, Canarese; Hurnee in Punjab; Ast in Belu- chistan; Burudujinka, Telegu. Distribution—Found throughout the western parts of India in suitable localities and extending westwards through Beluchistan as far as Bushire, not found on the Malabar Coast, south’ of the Kistna River, in Ceylon, or in Lower Bengal. a. Skin Fe Zoological Gardens, 1876. 6. Skin , Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. ve. Skin and Q sree W. Rutledge, 1879. skeleton. : ad. Skin. g Bampur, Beluchistan W. T. Blanford. ; e. Skin 2 : whe W. T. Blanford. Ff Skin juve anes Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. g. Head @ Sind, 17-5-75 W. T. Blanford. stuffed. h. Head ¢@ Chanda, C. P, Mus. Coll., 1867. stuffed. j. Head FS eae W. T. Blanford. stuffed, juv. hk. Head ¢ Pubb Hills, Sin Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. stuffed. 2. Head @ Pubb Hills, Sind Karachi Mus, [Ex.], 1879. stuffed. m, Head &@ Pubb Hills, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. stuffed. n. Head 2 Pubb Hills, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.], 1879. stuffed. o. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. p. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. 160 MAMMALIA, g. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. 7. Skull @ Allahabad district J. Cockburn, 1879. s. Skull @ Pind Dadan Khan W. Theobald, 1853, A.S.B. ¢., Frontlet g¢ Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1879. u. Skeleton ¢@ eats W. Rutledge, 1874. v. Skeleton &@ J. F. Barckley, 1875. w. Skeleton @ exaecs W. Rutledge, 1875. #. Skull é seaicia Zoological Gardens, 1878. y. Skull re) semen W. Rutledge, 1881. z. Stuffed 2 qasiaas Rajah R. Mallick. a’, Stuffed ¢ etinoe Rajah R. Mullick. o*, Stuffed 9 Chanda, 20-2-67 W. T. Blanford. c*, Skin Deccan (Sykes) India Museum, London, @. Horns @ Bampur Beluchistan, W. T. Blanford. 4-72. e", Stuffed ¢ : sien W. Rutledge, 1878. head. f?. Stuffed g Pubb Hills Sind Karachi Mus., 1879. head. J. Cockburn, 1881. g?-2, 2Skulls g Banda, N.-W. P. Gazella fuscifrons. Gazella fuscifrons, Blanford P. Z.S., p. 317 (1873); Brooke P.Z.S., 1873, Pp. 545; Blanford Persia, p. 92. Distribution.—Desert of Jalk, north of Beluchistan. Only one specimen, the one mentioned below, is known and this is a female; the species is certainly very nearly allied to Gazella bennetti, but pending the collection and examination of more specimens it seems better to keep it separate. a. Skin and Q Jalk, Beluchistan, 3,000 ft. W. T. Blanford, head. 13-3-72. [Type of Gazella fuscifrons, Blanford.] Gazella subgutturosa. Antilope subgutturosa, Guldenstadt Act. Acad. Petrop., ii, pt. 1, p» 251 pls. ix-xii (1780); Pallas Zoog. Ross, As.,i, p. 252; Radde Zool. F. B. iv, p. 1060. Gazella subgutturosa, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816) *; Hutton, GF. A.S.B., xv, p. 151; Blyth Cat, p. 172; Blanford P. Z. S., 1873, P- 313; Brooke P.Z.S., 1873, p. 548; Blanford Persia, p. 91; Severt- zoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 170; Prewalsky Peters. Mitth., Ersb., xii, p. 9; Scully ¥. A. S. B., lvi, p. 76; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, 6 é p- 64. Gazella subgutturosa var, yarkandensis, Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 88, pl. xv (1879). The Persian Gazelle; Ahu, Persian. Distribution —The highlands of Persia and Afghanistan extend- ing westward as far as Tiflis, northwards all over Russian-Turkes- tan, and eastwards to Yarkand; not found on the shores of the Persian Gulf being there replaced by G. bennetti. GAZELLA, 161 a, Skin Q or, Ispahan W. T. Blanford, 1878. 8 Skin,skull g nr. Ispahan, 9-70 Sir O. St. John. ec, Skin,skull g Kashgar F. Stoliczka, 1874. dad. Skin juv. @ Yarkand F, Stoliczka, 1874. e. Skin Q Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. J. Skin, skull @ Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. g. Skin @ Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. &. Skin & Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. j. Skin Q Yarkand 1-75 J. Scully. & Skin Q@ Yarkand 1-75 J. Scully. 2. Skin gS theives Zoological Gardens, 1880. skeleton. m. Skull @ Kandahar T. Hutton, 1846, A.S.B. 2. Frontlet @ Kandahar eee 1859, SB. o. Frontlet @ Yarkand J. Scully, 1889. p. Skull 6 Badghis, Herat C. E. Yate, 1887. g. Skull Q Yarkand, 1-75. J. Scully. v. Stuffed é peseee Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. s. Stuffed 2 gates Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. #, Head(no ¢g Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. horns) Gazella picticaudata. Procapra picticaudata, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xv, p. 334, pl. ii (1846); Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 725; Hooker Himalayan Fourn., li, p. 157; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, p. 523; Blyth Cat., p. 173; Kinlock Large Game Shooting, i, p. 10 (with plate]; Blanford F. A. S. B., xli, p. 39. Gazella picticaudata, Brooke P.Z.S., p. §47 (1873). The Tibetan Ravine Deer. ; Goa of Thibetans. Distribution.— Upper part of Ladak and Western Thibet (Kinloch). Sir J. Hooker also observed it over the Thibetan fron- tier to the north of Sikkim. a. Skin and ¢ bs sie Purchased at Naini Tal, 1888. horns. 6. Skull and g asad F. Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. horns. c. Skull, horns Kukchu nr. Ladak, N. Elias, 1879. andskin. ¢ 15,000 ft. d, Frontlet & waive F, Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. e. Frontlet a FeoerS F. Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. Jf. Frontlet é eeaues No history. Gazella semmerringi. Antilope scemmerringi, Cretzschmar Ruppell's Atlas, p. 49, pl. xix (1826). Gazella scemmerringi, Gray List Mamm. B, M., p. 161 (1843); P. L. Sclater P. Z. S. 1867, p. 817, pl. xxxvii; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 260; P.L, Sclater P.Z.S., 1871, p.701; Brooke P. Z. S., 1873, p- 549; Phillips P.Z.S, 1885, Pp» 932. M 162 MAMMALIA, Distribution.—North-East Africa from near Suez southward to Somali land (Phillips) ; always near the sea (Blanford). a. Skin and = @ _ Annesley Bay, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, skull. 29-12-67. 6. Skull, horns g¢ Annesley Bay, Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1868, ¢. Frontlet Q re i No history. Gazella euchore. ee Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 169 (1814)*. ae pygarga, Blumenbach Handb. Naturges., 10th ed., p. 119 1821)*. Gazella euchore, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p.7§ (1816)*; Harris Wild Game of S. Africa., pl. iii; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 757. Antidorcas euchore, Gray P. Z.S., p. 116 (1850); Blyth Cat., p. 171. The Springbok. Distribution.—South Africa; the north-western parts of Cape Colony, Orange Free State, Transvaal and Grimqualand west. ga. Frontlet = ws. a A.S.B. Genus ANTILOPE [restricted]. Antilope, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 3 (1767). The genus Antilope, which formerly included the whole sub- family of Antelopes, was first restricted to the following species by Ogilby P. Z. S., 1836, p. 137. Antilope cervicapra. Antilope cervicapra, Pallas Spic. Zool., i, p. 18, pls. i, ii, (1767); Sykes P. Z. S., 1831, p. 104; Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pls. xii, xiii; Bennett P. Z.S., 1833, p. 13; id. ibid, 1836, p. 34; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 222; Hutton F$.A. S. B., Xv, p. 150; Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv p. 18. Cervicapra bezoartica, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 159 (1843). Antilope bezoartica, Gray P. Z.S., p. 117 (1850); Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat., p. 171; Ferdon Mamm., p. 275; Blanford F. A. S. B., xxxvi, p. 196; MacMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. 109, 210;Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p.59 {with plate]; Stoliczka F. A. S.B., xli, p. 229; Pollok Sport in Brit, Burma, i, p. 150; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 472. The Black Buck or Indian Antelope; Mriga, Sanscrit; Kalwit Haran and Mirga g Harna Harnin ¢ Hind.; Harin, Bengalee; Kalsar ¢ Baoti 2 in Behar; Kala ¢ Guria ? in Tirhut; Barout or Sasin in Nepal; Bureta in Bhagulpore ; Chigri, Canarese ; ri ¢ Ledi ¢? or Jinka in Telegu. Distribution —The whole Indian peninsula from the Punjab to Cape Comorin, except the Malabar Coast, the Eastern Ghats, and PANTHOLOPS. 163 Lower Bengal; it is most abundant in the North-West Provinces and the Deccan. It is recorded from the banks. of the Manass River, a northern tributary of the Brahmaputra, in Assam by Pollok (i. ¢.) a. Skull, horns g Agra J. Cockburn, 1879. 6. Skull, horns g¢ Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881, ce. Skull, horns g Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. ad. Skull, horns ¢ Banda dist, J. Cockburn, 1881. e. Skull, horns g Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. f- Skull, horns g Allahabad dist. |. Cockburn, 1879. g. Skull, horns ¢ Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. A. Skull, horns ¢ Banda dist. J. Cockburn, 1881. J Skull,horns @ aeons ‘ A.S.B. k. Skull, horns g iepise J. J. Athanass, 1842, A.S.B. 2, Skull, horns @ a AS B. m. Skull, horns ¢ ieee A.S.B. nm. Skull, horns @ aaa J. Cockburn, 1872. o. Skull, horns sonia Rajah R. Mullick, 1870. é Skull,horns sana No history. g- Skull, horns ¢ seats A.S.B. (castrated. | 7. Skull, horns @ astaeid J. J. Athanass, A.S.B. {one horn deformed.] s. Skull, horns@ tues . W. Rutledge, 1870. {one horn deformed.] #, Skull GS eevee J. J. Athanass, A.S.B. u. Head stuffed g atest J. Armstrong, 1869. v. Head stuffed ¢ ecaeee A.S.B. w. Frontlet, Banda J. Cockburn, 1881. horns. z. Frontlet, Doon of Assam F. Jenkins. é $ horns, a*, Stuffed @ Chanda &. Stuffed t c*, Stuffed juv.g a’, Skeleton 4 W.T. Blanford, 1867. Purchased, 1869. Purchased, 1869. Zoological Gardens, 188r. e*, Skul! [horns ¢ a Mrs. Turnbull, 1837, A.S.B. deformed] f?. Head stuffedg vanes 5 A.S.B. Genus PANTHOLOPS. Pantholops, Hodgson P. Z.S., p. 80 (1834). This genus also contains only one species, the Thibetan Antelope, which has been shot just within the boundaries of the Indian Empire and which must therefore be included in the Indian Fauna. Pantholops hodgsoni. Antilope hodgsonii, Abel Edin. Fourn. Sci., p. 163 (1827)*; Hodgson Glean- ings in Science, ii, p. 348, pls. iii andv; id, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 52; id, M 2 164 MAMMALIA, ¥ A. S. B.,i, p. 50, pl. iv; Hooker Himalayan Fourn., ii, pp. 132, 157 and woodcut, p. 158. Antilope (Oryx) kemas, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd.,v, p 328 (1827). Antilope chiru, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 371 (1827). Pantholops hodgsoni, Hodgson, P. Z.S., p. 80 (1834); id. F. A. S. B.,, iii, p-. 134; id. F¥. A. S. B., x, p.913; Adams P. Z, S., 1858, p. 521; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 89, pl. xvi. Kemas hodgsoni, Gray List Mamm, B. M., p. 157 (1843); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 166; Blyth Cat.,p. 173; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 6, [with plate]; Blanford F. A. S. B., xli, p. 39. Isoors or Choors of West Thibet ; Chiru of East Thibet. Distribution.—Apparently throughout Thibet; was seen by Hooker just over the pass to the north of Sikkim and has been shot by Kinloch in Changchenmo in the eastern part of Ladak. a. Skin g Kium, Ladak, 4-8-73 J. Biddulph. & Skin 2 ausiaee F. Stoliczka, 1874. c. Stuffed d= Thibet L. Mandelli, 1877. @. Skull, horns ¢ stasis A.S.B. e, Skull, horns ¢ vee A.S.B. J. Frontlet é ewes A.S.B. g. Skull Q@ Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. Genus KOBUS, Kobus, A. Smith S. African Zool. (1840). Kobus ellipsiprymnus. Antilope ellipsiprymnus, Ogilby, P.Z. S., p. 47 (1833)*. Kobus ellipsiprymnus, A. Smith S. African Zool., pls. xxviiiand xxix (1840) ; Harris Wild Sports S, Africa, pl. xiv ; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 758. The Water Buck, Distribution.—South Africa, principally found about the Zam- besi and Limpopo Rivers, and extending northwards to the Kili- manjaro district. a Skeleton g alga E. S, Gerrard [P.], 1881. Genus CERVICAPRA, Cervicapra, Blainville Bull. Soc., Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. Redunca, 1. Smith, Grifith An, Kingd., v, p. 337 (1827) [as a sub-genus). Cervicapra arundinacea. Antilope arundinacea, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2, p. 347 (1801). Antil : Bs : ue ee eleotragus, Blainville Bull. Soc., Philom., p 75 NEOTRAGUS. 165 a (Redunca) eleotragus, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 237 1827). . Eleotragus reduncus, Gray List. Mamm. B. M., p. 165 (1843). Eleotragus arundinaceus, Gray Cat. Mamm. B, M,, iii, p. gt (1852). The Rietbok. Distribution.—Centrai South Africa, especially about the tribu- taries of the Zambesi and Limpopo Rivers. a, Frontlet = sane . No history. Genus NEOTRAGUS. Neotragus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd, v, p. 349 (1827). ” Neotragus saltianus. Antilope (Cervicapra) saltiana, Blainville Bull. Soc., Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. Antilope saltiana, Creteschmar Rippell’s Atlas, p. 55, pl. xxi (1826). Antilope (Neotragus) mandoka, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p, 271 (1827). Antilope hemprichiana, Hempr. and Ehr. Symb, Phys., pl. vii (1828). Mandoqua saltiana, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 164 (1842). Neotragus saltiana, Gray Cat, Mamm. B. My, iii, p. 76 (1882); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 268; Gunther P. Z. S., 1880, p. 19 [figs. of skull], The Beni Israel. Distribution.—Shores of the Red Sea, in the neighbourhood of Abyssinia ; replaced by allied species in Somaliland and Damara- land. ; a, Skin @ Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W.T. Blanford. 4,000 ft., 27-7-68. 6. Skin &@ Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 4,000 ft., 2-8-68. ¢e. Skin & Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 4,000 ft., 5-8-68. d. Skin @ Anseba valley, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 4,000 ft., 15-7-68. e. Skin @ Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. f. Skin Q Anseba valley, 4000 ft, W. T. Blanford. 29-7-68. g. Skin Q Anseba valley, 4,000 ft, W. T. Blanford. 25-7-68, he Skin 2 Suru, ae 2,500 ft. W. T. Blantord, 17-2-68, je Skin fe) eens ft, W. T. Blanford. 28-6-68. k Skin Q Koomeyloo, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 300 ft., 1-68. 1. Head &@ Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868. m. Stuffedhead g¢ Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868. n. Stuffed head Q Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868, o. Skeleton Anseba valley. W. T. Blanford, 1868, 166 MAMMALIA, Neotragus kirki. Neotragus saltiana, apud Blyth Cat., p. 168 (1863). Neotragus kirkii, Ganther P. Z.S., p. 17, figs. 1-10 (1880). Distribution.—Somaliland, extending southwards to the Kiliman- jaro.country. a. Stuffed a Somaliland J. H. Speke, 1855, A. S. B. Genus NANOTRAGUS. Nanotragus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl.,p. 191 (1844)*. Type, N. spiniger. Calotragus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 192 (1846)*. Type, N. tragulus. ; . Scopophorus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 232 (1846). Type, N. scoparia. Nesotragus, Von Diben Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Cefvers, p. 221 (1846)*. Type, N. moschatus. ‘ Oreotragus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H.., xviii, p. 231 (1846). Type, N. saltatrix. Nanotragus tragulus. Antilope campestris, Thunberg Mem. Ac. St. Petersb., iii, p. 313 (1811). Antilope (Gazella) tragulus, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. naturf, Freunde, vi, p. 176 (1814).* Ate (Cervicapra) stenbock, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*, Antilope (Tragulus) rupestris, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd, iv, p. 248 (1827); Harris Wild Game of S. Africa, pl. xxv, fig. 2. Calotragus tragulus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p, 192 (1846)*; Blyth Cat., p. 166. Pediotragus campestris, Gray Cat, Rum. B. M., p. 31 (1872). Nanotragus tragulus, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 642 (1872); Selous P. Z.S., 1881, p. 762. The Steinbock. Distribution.—A\\ over South Africa from the Cape to the Zambesi, extending northward to the Kilimanjaro district. a. Skin $ South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), A. S. B. Nanotragus montanus. Antilope montana, Cretsschmar Riippell’s Atlas, p. 11, pl. iii (1826). Scopophorus montanus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 232 18. . Blanford Abyssinia, p. 266. & . 1 P+ 232 (1846) ; Nanotragus montanus, Brooke P.Z. S., p. 632 (1872). Distribution.—Eastern Africa, Abyssinia, West Africa? a. Skin Dolo, Abyssinia, 7,500 ft., W. T. Blanford. 27-3-68. CEPHALOPHUS. 167 Nahotragus melanotis. Antilope melanotis, Thunbergy Mem. Acad. St. Petersb., iii, p. 312 (1811). Antilope grisea, F. Cuvier Dict. Set, Nat., ii, p. 244 (1816). Antilope (Cervicapra) grisea, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., ps 75 (1816). ce (Tragulus) grisea, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., iv, p. 250 1827). : Oreotragus griseus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 164 (1842). Caleta melanotis, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 72 (1852); Blyth Cat., p. 166. Nanotragus melanotis, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 642 (1872); Selous P. Z.S., 1881, p. 762. The Grysbok. = Distribution.—Central South Africa, north of the Limpopo iver, w. Stuffed & South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), AS.B. Nanotragus oreotragus. Antilope oreotragus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 189 (1778). Antilope saltatrix, Boddaert Elench, Anim. p. 141 (1785)*. Antilope (Tragulus) oreotragus, H. Smith, Crifith An. Kingd., iv, p. 245 1827). pene saltatrix, Harris Wild Game _S. Africa, pl. xxiv, fig. 2 (1840) ; Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 231; Blyth Cat., p. 167; Blanford Abys- sinia, p. 205. : ; Nanotrd gud -oreobrabwiy Brooke P.Z.S., ps 642 (1872); Selous P. Z, S., 1881, p. 762. The Klipspringer. ; ae Distribution.—East and South Africa from Abyssinia in the north to Cape in the south, wherever there are stony hills. . Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), A.S.B. 3. er a head : Senafe Tigré, Abyssi- W. T. Blanford. , nia, 6-68. ffed head Somaliland J. H. Speke, 1855, A. S. B. en Rae og Eeagte Tite Auyale We, Bane nia, 7,500 ft., 11-3-69. Genus CEPHALOPHUS. Cephalophorus, H. Smith, Gripith An. King., v, p. 344 (1827); [as a sub- een Cat. Rum. Mamma. B. M., p. 22 (1872). Cephalophus mergens. i Blainville N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., ii, p. 193 (1816). Arnie ‘Geghalophus) mergené, A. Smith, Griffith An. King. iv, p. 264 (1827) ; Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xv, fig. 2. 168 MAMMALIA. Cephalophus grimmia, apud Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 78 (1852) 3 id. P. Z. S., 1887, p. 277, pl. vii; Blyth Cat., p. 167. Grimmia nictitans, Gray Cat. Rum. Mamm. B. M., p. 22 (1872). The Duiker. ; Distribution.—South Africa extending northwards to the Kili- Manjaro district. a. Stuffed ¢ South Africa E. L. Layard (1860), A. S. B. Cephalophus natalensis. Antilope natalensis, A. Smith S. African Quart. Fourn., p. 217 (1830)*; id. S. African Zool., pl. xxxii. a Cephalophus natalensis, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 166 (1846); Blyth Cat., p. 168. + Rhoodebok. ; Distribution.—South Africa, moze especially Natal. a. Stuffed ¢ basiee A. Malherbe (1859), A. S. B. Cephalophus madoqua. Antilope madoqua, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 22, pl. vii, fig. 2 (1835). Cephalophus mandoqua, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 82; Blanford Abysinia, p. 267. Grimmia madoqua, Gray Cat. Rum. Mamm. B. M., p. 24 (1872). Distribution.—Eastern Africa, Abyssinia. «a. Skin @ Dildi, Abyssinia, 7,000 W. T. Blanford. ft., 23-4-68. * 6. Skin @ Dongolo, Abyssinia, 6,500 W. T. Blanford, ft.. 17-5-68. Genus TETRACERUS. Tetracerus, Leach cf. Linn, Trans., xiv., p. 524 (1823). This genus contains one species only and is entirely confined to India. Tetracerus quadricornis, Antilope (Cervicapra) quadricornis, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom, p. 78 (1816)* ; id. Zsis, 1819, pt. 2, p. 1095, pl. xii, fig. 3. Tetracerus striaticornis, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. lior. 44 (1824). Antilope chickara, Hardwicke Linn. Trans. xiv, p. 520, pls. xv, xvi (1825) ;, Hills Linn. Trans., xv, p. 501, pl. xx; Hodgson F.A.S. B., i, p- 346; id. P. Z. S., 1834, p. 99. ; Antilope sub-4-cornutus, Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p» 225, pl. x, fig. 2 (1839) ; Sclater P. Z. S., 1875, p. 527. Tetracerus chickara, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 913 (1841). Tetracerus quadricornis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 159 (1843) ; Blyth F. A, 4EPYCEROS. 169 S. B., xvi, pt. ii, p. 879; id. ¥. A. S. B., xvii, pt. 1, p. 561 ; Adams P.Z,'S., 1858, p. 522; Blyth Cat. p. 165; Ferdon Mamm. p. 274; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 103; Blanford $. A. S. B., xxxvi., p.196; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p.54 with plate. Murray Zool. Sind, p. 55. Brera iodes and paccerois, Hodgson Calc. Fourn N. H,, viii, p. 90 1847). The four-horned Antelope; Chouka, Chousinga, Hind.; Benkara or Bekra of Mahrattas ; Kondguri, Canarese ; Kondagori, Telegu. Distribution.—India generally, more especially in the Central Provinces; is not found in the Ganges valley itself, but to the north in the terai is fairly common, it doubtfully extends into the Punjab and Sind, and does not occur in Ceylon. a. Skin and skull 9 Raneegunge Babu Rameshur Mullick, 1872. 6. Skin and skull g Raneegunge Babu Rameshur Mullick, 1872. c. Skin and skelet. g ates Zoological Gardens, 1878. d. Skeleton skin ¢ anaes Zoological Gardens, 1882. e. Skeleton a weaaes Zoological Gardens, 1880. Sf. Stuffed é teeeee Rajah R. Mullick, A.S. B. g. Stuffed 2 sours Rajah R. Mullick, A. S. B. h. Stuffed juv aie W. Rutledge, 1873. j- Stuffed head @ Asirgarh, C. P., W.T. Blanford. 7-66. k. Stuffed head @ Asirgarh, C. P., W. T. Blanford. 7-66. 1. Skull 4 ie. A.S.B. m. Skull a vedas A.S.B. n. Skull t sxoaate A.S.B. o. Skull | ne A.S.B. p. Skull @ South India Sir W. Elliot, 1845, A. S. B. gq. Skull 2 South India Sir W. Elliot, 1845, A. S. B. vy. Skull Q South India Sir W. Elliot, 1845, A.S. B. ». Skull ry sepaie J. Cockburn, 1886. é-u. 2 Skulls é asin J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. Genus AZEPYCEROS. pyceros, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk, Akad, Handl., p. 271 (1845)*. “£pyceros melampus. Antilope melampus, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges. naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 167 (1814)* ; Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. xv. ZEpyceros melampus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 271% (1845)* ; Blyth Cat., p.171; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 757+ : The Mpallah or Roodebok. Distribution.—Central South Africa, especially about the Upper Waters of the Limpopo River, extending northwards to the Kili- manjaro district. a. Frontlet esis Purchased (1861), A. S. B. 170 MAMMALIA, Genus ALCEPHALUS, Alcephalus, Blainville Bull. Soc, Philom., p.75 (1816)*. Alcephalus caama. Antilope caama, F. Cuvier Dict. Sct. Nat., ii, p. 242 (1816). Antilope (Alcephalus) caama, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom, p.7§ (1816)*; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 763. Damalis(Acronotus) caama, H. Smith, Griffith Ann. Kingd., iv, p.348, with plate (1827); Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. vii. Boselaphus caama, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xviii, p. 233 (1846) ; Blyth Cat., p. 170. Bubalus caama, 4. Smith Zool. S. Africa, pl. xxx (1849). The Hartebeest. : Distribution.—South Africa ; Grimqualand and the Kalahari Desert. a, Frontlet iesgis W. S. Sherwill (1843), A.S.B. 6. Skeleton, 9 juv Sass Zoloogical Gardens, 1881, skin. Genus CONNOCHAETES. Connochaetes, Lichtenstein Mag, Ges. naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 165 (1814)*. Catoblepas, A. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 367 (1827). Connochaetes gnu. Antilope gnu, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 189 (1788). Antilope (Connochaetes) gnu, Lichtenstein Mag. Ges, naturf. Freunde, vi, p. 165 (1814)*. Antilope (Boselaphus) gnu, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 75 (1816)*. Catoblepas gnu, A. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 367 (1827); Harris Wild Game S. Africa, pl. i. The White-tailed Gnu. ; Distribution—South Africa, extending northwards to the Kilimanjaro district. a, Frontlet seeice No history. 6. Skeleton Qjuv is ‘ Berlin Mus, [Ex.] 1878. c. Skeleton and vedere Babu H. M. Roy, 1885. skin é Genus ANTILOCAPRA. Antilocapra Ord Fournal de Physique, \xxxvii, p. 149 (1818)*; id. Jsts, 1819, p. 1106. Dicranocerus, A, Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, 322 (1827). MOSCHUS, 171 Antilocapra americana. ae Ord Guthrie's Geography and Amer. ed., ii, pp. 292, 308 1815)*, Antilocapra americana, Ord Fournal de Physique, |xxxvii, p. 149 (1818)*; P.L Sclater P. Z. S., 1865, p. 60, pl. iii; Bartlett P. Z. S., 1865, p.718; Murie P. Z.S., 1870, p. 334; Forbes P. Z. S., 1880, p. 540; Antilope furcifer, H. Smith Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 28, pl. ii (1822). sere et (Dicranoceros) furcifer, H. Smith, Griffith An, Kingd., iv, p. 170 1827). The Prong Buck. Distribution.—North America, west of the Missouri from the Saskatchewan southwards to Northern Mexico, a. Stuffed &@ North America H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1879. 6. Skeleton g North America Brit. Mus. [Ex ], 1878. ce. Skeleton setae W. Jamrach [P.], 1876. a, Skin Montana, N America tee Genus GIRAFFA, Giraffa, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 125 (1780). Camelopardalis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 181 (1788). Giraffa camelopardalis. -Cervus camelopardalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 92 (1766), Giraffa camelopardalis Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 125 (1780); Gray Cat. Mam. B. M., iii, p. 181. 7 Camelopardalis giraffa, Gmelin Syst, Nat. i, p. 181 (1788); Blyth Cat, . 144. . ; Ganelonsntalis aethiopicus, et. C. capensis Ogilby, P. Z. S., p. 134 (1836). Distribution.—Africa south of the Atlas. a. Skeleton mted. ¢ ener Lord Canning, 1862. 6. Skull sadises No history. ce. Skin é sae vee W. Rutledge, 1881, d. Skin, skeleton ¢ aanttee Zoological Gardens, 1879, e. Skin, skeleton ¢ sank Babu H. M. Roy, 1883. uv. f. Skeleton ; 2 dasias Babu H. M. Roy, 1886. g. Skeleton a eae Zoological Gardens, 1887, Genus MOSCHUS. Moschus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 91 (1766). The genus Moschus is now generally allowed to consist of a single species only, though others have been from time to time described on mere colour variations and on other insufficient grounds. 172 MAMMALIA. Moschus moschiferus. Moschus moschiferus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 91 (1766) ; Hodgson Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 320, pl. xxi; Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., p. 108; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 267.; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 576; Middendorf Siberische Reise., p. 118; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, p. 528; Schrenck Amurland, p.161; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 274; Blyth Cat., p.157; Milne Edwards Ann.Sci. Nat. (5), ii, p. 154, pl. iv, fig. 1; Ferdon Mamm., p. 266 ; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p.41 (with plate of head); Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., p. 176, pls. xix, xx; Blanford F.A.S.B., xli, p. 39; Flower P. Z. S., 1875, p. 159; Lydekker F. A. S.B., xlvi, p. 286; id. ¥.A.S.B., xlix, p.4; Scully P.Z.S., 1881, p. 209. Moschus sibiricus, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiii, p. 29, pls. iv, v, vi, (1779). Moschus altaicus, Eschscholtz Isis., p. 606 (1830). Moschus chrysogaster ‘ Hodgson F. A. S. B., viii, p. 203 (1839); id. ¥. A. S. B., xi, p. 285. Moschus leucogaster Moschus saturatus The Musk Deer; Kusturee or Russ, Kashmiri; Kastura, Hind; La or Lawa, Tibetan; Ribjo in Ladak; Bena in Kunawar; Gan Pahoo, Assamese. Disiribution.—Eastern Central Asia, from Amurland (Schrenck) and Transbaikalia and even further north, through Mongolia and Thibet to the Himalayas; in the latter is found from Gilgit to Bhootan at considerable elevations; Milne Edwards also gives the mountains of Cochin-China as a locality for the species. a, Skin @ Sikkim L, Mandelli, 1877. é. Skin @ Basalgah, Gilgit, 7-79 J. Scully, 1888. c. Skin welies No history, A. S. B. d. Skin é Ladak J. Biddulph, 1877. e. Skin é senewg Sir W. W. Hunter, 1886. Ff. Skin, @ Ladak J. Biddulph, 1877. g. Skin = juv. Basalgah, Gilgit, 7-79 J. Scully, 1888. A. Skin juv. Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. j. Skin juv. Yarkand J. Armstrong. &. Skin Juve wae No history. 1, Skeleton sass W. Rutledge, 1874. uv. m. Stuffed é North of Simla F. Stoliczka [Ex.], 1869. n. Skeleton, acne No history. tnted. o. Skull 2 Gilgit J. Scully (1888). p. Skull é toseee G. T. Lushington (1849), : A.S.B, q-s. 3 Skulls ¢ @ causes A.S.B. 2 Genus CERVULUS. Cervulus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 77 (1816)*. Stylocerus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v., p. 319 (1827). Prox, Ogilby P.Z. S.4 p. 135 (1836). Type, C. muntjac Muntjacus, Blyth F.A.S. B., xx, p. 174 (1851), CERVULUS. 173 _ The genus Cervulus is confined to the Indian and the south-east- ern parts of the Palzarctic regions. Besides the species men- tioned below, there exists C, sclateri (—C. lacrimans) and C. cri- nifrons, both from China. The Indian form of Cervulus muntjac was at one time thought to differ specifically from the Sumatra and Javan form, and the point does not yet seem to be quite satisfactorily decided. I have, however, followed Sir V. Brooke (P. Z. S., 1874, p. 33) in uniting the two forms under the name of C. muntjac. Cervulus muntjac. Cervus muntjak, Zimmerman Geog. Geschichte, ii, p. 131 (1780); Raffles Linn, Trans, xiii, p. 265; Sykes P.Z.S., 1831, p. 104; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 221; Cantor F. A. S.B., xv, p 269; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 267; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 25. Cervus vaginalis, Boddaert Elench. Anim.,, i, p. 136-(1785)*. Cervulus moschatus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 77 (1816)*. Cervus (Stylocerus) aureus, 1. Smith, Grifith Ann. Kingd., iv, p.148 (1827). Cervus ratwa, Hodgson As, Res., xviii, pt. 2, p. 139, with plate (1829) ; id. F. ALS. B., x, p.9i4; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 578. Prox moschatus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 135 (1836). Cervus melas, Ogilty Royle Himal. Bot., p. \xxiii (1839). Muntjacus vaginalis, Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 174 (1851). Stylocerus muntjacus, Kelaart Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 85 (1852). Cervulus vaginalis, Adams ?.Z. S., p. 530 (1858); Blyth Cat., p. 154; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1869, p. 652. Cervulus aureus, ferdon Mamm., p. 264; McMaster Notes on F$erdon, p. 94; Blyth F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p.46; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, . ii, p. 25 [ plate of head]. Cervulus muntjac, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 38 (1874) ; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1875, p. 421 ; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 337+ The Kakur, Barking Deer or Rib-faced Deer of North India; the Jungle sheep of South India; and the Red Hog Deer of Ceylon; Kakur, Hind.; Maya, Bengalee; Ratwa of Nepaulese; Bekra, Mahratti; Kankuri, Canarese ; Jungli bukra of South India Mus- salman; Karsiar of Bhooteas ; Sikku of Lepchas ; Gutra of Gonds ; Kuka gori, Telegu ; Welly or Hoola Morha of Singalese ; Hoogeree of Assam ; Gee of Burma. Distribution.—The Kakur is found all over India, Burma, Indo- China, the Malay peninsula and the Islands of Sumatra, Java, Banka, Borneo and Hainan (Swinhoe). In India proper it is found from Kashmir (Hugel) in the north to Ceylon (Kelaart) on the south ; it is replaced in Eastern Thibet and South China by the next species and by C. sclateri. a. Skin (flat) taveee India Mus., London, 1880. 6. Skin (flat) g@ Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London, 1880. c. Skin (flat) Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 7-68. d. Skin (flat) Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 7-68, 174 MAMMALIA. e. Skin (flat) Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 7-68. Jf Shin (flat) juv. Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 7-68. g. Skin (flat) juv. Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 7-68. h. Skin g Ceylon Columbo Museum, 1888, j. Skin, skelet. 9 alies Rajah R. Mullick, 1877. &. Skin 9 juv. scans Zoological Gardens, 1878, . Skin ¢ juv ‘ Zoological Gardens, 1880, m. Skull oi A.S.B. : n. Skull é oesate P. Homfray (1843), A.S.B. v. Skull ¢ Dibrugahr, Assam Purchased, 1879. g. Skulland skin g Shevaroy Hills, Madr. Mrs. W. King, 1888. of head, q. Skull é ieatete A.S.B. 7. Skull a ee A.S.B. s. Skull gS Nepal B. H. Hodgson, 1844, A.S.B. t. Skull, skelet. 4 aveeeee Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. wu. Skull Oy. esse . A.S.B. v. Frontlet & Sanda Valley, 7-68 J. Anderson, w. Frontlet @ Sanda Valley, 7-68 J. Anderson. «. Frontlet é atatcse A. Masters, 1842, A.S.B. y. Frontlet @ Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1846, A.S.B. z. Frontlet é@ Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1846, A.S.B. a®. Stuffed é seaawe Zoological Gardens, 1877. 6%, Skeleton ¢ soeees No history. mted. c*. Flat skin sues India Mus., London, 1880. d@. Skeleton ¢ juv. atte Zoological Gardens, 1880. Cervulus reevesi. Cervus reevesi, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 105 (1838); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 93; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1862, p. 361; Blyth Cat., p. 155; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 644; Brooke P. Z, S., 1874, p. 41, pl. ix; Sclater P. Z. S., 1875, p. 422, pl. li, fig. 2. Cervulus micrurus, Sclater P. Z. S., p. 421, pl. li (1875). Distribution.—Southern China from Canton northwards to Ningpo and Formosa. @.Skin skull ¢ deeds Zoological Gardens, 1879. 6. Skull @ Formosa, R. Swinhoe, 1860, Genus CERVUS. Cervus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 92 (1766). Dama, 4. Smith, Grigith An, Kingd., v, p. 306 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. Type, C. dama. Rusa, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 309 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. Type, C. aristotelis. Axis, H. Smith, Grifith An, Kingd. v, p. 312 (1827) [asa sub-genus]. Type, C. axis, Recurvus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., i, p. 154 (1838). Type, C. duvaucelli, CERVUS. 175 . Panolia, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 180 (1843). Type, C. eldi. Hyelaphus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens, Akad. Handl., p. 180 (1844)*. Type, C. porcinus. An excellent account of the genus Cervus, which has been followed in the catalogue below, will be found in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 1878, by Sir Victor Brooke. Key of the Indian Species. a. With only one brow antler; rhinarium extensive, completely surrounding the nostrils, the upper margin being slightly concave. é. Brow antler forms an acute angle with the beam which bifurcates to form two strong tines only. ; [=sub-genus Rusa.] c. Of large size, from 4 to 5 ft. high at the shoulder. C. aristotelis, p. 176. e?, Of small size, about 2 ft. to 2 ft. 6 in, at the shoulder; the outer tine always surpasses the inner tine in length. C. porcinus, p. 178. 8°, Brow antler at right angles to the beam sometimes forked and sometimes developing supplemental tines; adults unspotted. : . . [=sub-genus Recurvus.] d. Beam bifurcates very early within a few inches of the basal tine and forms a crown of very long tines far surpassing the undivided beam in length. C. schomburgki, p. 180. d*, Undivided beam much longer, so that the crown is formed of short tines which are much shorter than the undivided beam. . C. duvauceli, p. 179. 4%, Brow antler forms with the beam a continuous curve; a supplemental tine frequently developed at the junction of the beam and brow antler ; adults unspotted [=sub-genus Recurvus, pt. ] < ‘ : . C. eldi, p. 180. 4+, Brow antler at right angles to the beam, which forms two tines only above; adults constantly spotted. C, axis, p. 181. a™ With two brow antlers; rhinarium not extensive, the in- franarial portion completely absent, and the prenarial por- tion much constricted. =:sub-genus Elaphus. e. The two brow antlers of approximately the same length, =. : . . C. affinis, p. 184, 176 MAMMALIA. e* The second brow antler considerably exceeds the first in length. . C. cashmerianus, p. 184. Cervus aristotelis. Cervus aristotelis, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 2nd ed., iv, p. 503 (1823)*; Walker Calc. fourn. N.H., iii, p. 267; Blyth F. A. 8. B xi, p. 449; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 901; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma., i, p. 139. Cervus leschenaultii, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 2nd ed., iv (1823)*. Cervus hippelaphus, afud Duvaucel As. Res., xv, p. 157, with plate (1825) ; Elliot Madr, Fourn., x, p. 220; Blyth F. A. S.B., xi, p. 449; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 174; Kelaart Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 83. Cervus (Rusa) aristotelis, H. Smith, Grifith An. Kingd., iv, p. 110 (1827). Cervus (Rusa) unicolor, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv., p. 108 (1827), Cervus jarai, Hodgson Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 321, pl. xxi (1831); id. F.A.S. B.,i, p. 66, pl. v. Cervus equinus, apud Sykes P. Z. Sy p. 104 (1831). Rusa jaraya Rusa napalensis Hodgson F. A. S. B., X, p. 914 (1841). Rusa heterocurvus Rusa aristotelis, Blyth Cat. p. 150 (1863); $erdon Mamm., p. 256; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 68; Blyth F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p- 45; Kinloch Large Game Skooting, li, p. 24; Gilbert $. Bomb. Soc., lii, p. 224, : Sambur in the plains; Gerow in the Himalayas, and Elk in Southern India and Ceylon; Sambur, Hind. and Mahratta ; Jarai or Jarao of the Paharris of the Himalayas; Maha inthe Terai; Mahao of the Gonds ; Cadavi, Canarese; Kannadi, Telegu; Ghous or Gaoj in Eastern|Bengal; Gona Rusa, Cingalese ; Khatkhowah Pohoo, Assamese ; Schap, Burmese. | Distribution.—India generally from the Himalayas to the extreme south and Ceylon; not found west of the Sutlej (Kinloch), but extending eastward through Assam, Burma and Siam to Hainan ? Cervus equinus is said by Brooke (/. ¢.) to come from Borneo and Sumatra, and he also suggests that it may possibly turn out to be indistinguishable from the true Cervus aristotelis. In the Museum collection all the heads coming from Assam and Burma differ markedly from the true Indian heads, in that the outer tine always surpasses the inner tine in length, while in the true Indian forms the outer and inner tines are of approximately equal length ; this is the difference as noted by Brooke between Cervus aristo- telis and C. equinus; it is therefore quite possible that it is not . the true Cervus aristotelis that is found in Assam and Burma, but the allied species Cervus equinus. a Skull and g Assam F. Jenkins (1846), A.S.B. horns. oe Skull and g Assam E, V. Westmacott (1866), horns, A.S. B. ¢ Skull and g Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1847), A.S.B. horns. d. Skull and ¢ horns. e. Skull and g horns. Ff. Skull and ¢ horns. g. Skull and ¢@ horns. A, Skull and ¢ horns. j. Skull and ¢ horns, & Skull and ¢ horns. 2. Skull and @ horns, m. Skull and ¢@ horns(de- formed). n, Skull, pt. g and horns. o-p, 2Frontlets ¢ mted. g-t. 4 Frontlets u. Frontlet ¢ vf3, 11 Front- ¢ lets, mted. g?-h3, 2Frontlets ¢ juv. ~7%. Cast hoins ¢ mted. #?, Cast horns ¢ mted. Mp7, 5 prs. cast g horns mted. g?. Upr. horns g 7?, 1 pr. horns g s?, 1 pr-horns g #. Horns uw, Horns v*, Horns w. Horns x23, 3 Single horns. a3.58, 2 Single horns. c8, Single’ horn. a’, Skull and @ skin of head. e8, Skull,skele- 9 ton. , Skull and ¢ skin of head. Os Op BOB; CERVUS, Rewah, N.-W. P. Rewah, N.-W. P. server eoevee Arakan Assam Assam Mirzapur dist. Mirzapur dist. Mirzapur dist. (Cast, 11-3-82 ] ” 2-3-81 ” 27-4-81 ” 23-5-80 177 Raia Mullick (1846), A.S.B. Dr, Waller [Ex.], 1879. Dr. Waller [Ex.], 1879. No history. No history. No history. J. Cockburn, 1886, AS.B. No history, A.S.B. Sir A. Phayre, 1847, A.S.B. H. Butcher, 1879. No history, A.S.B. No history, A.3.B. No history, A.S.B. ‘Purchased 1848, A.S.B. R. C, Beavan. No history, A.S.B. J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. Zoological Gardens, 1882. Zoological Gardens, 1882. Zoological Gardens, 1882, Zoological Gardens, 1882. A.S.B. R.C. Beavan 1865, A.S.B. Hon. Justice Norman, Rajah R. Mullick, 1880. Zoological Gardens, 1880. Rajah R. Mullick, 1883. 178 MAMMALIA, g*. Skin, skull g seaey Zoological Gardens, 1883, and horns. h§, Skin and g ([Castrated] O. L. Fraser, 1874. skeJet. j*. Skin} and 9 ieueen W. Rutledge, 1877. skelet. AX. Skeleton g taunt Barrackpore Menagerie, 1845, mted. A.S.B. 7, Head stuff g Central India S. R. Tickell, 1846, A.S.B. ed. m®. Skull saauie Purchased,'A.S.B. n’, Frontlet @ Banda_dist. J. Cockburn, [P.], 1886, ‘Cervus swinhoii. Rusa swinhoii, P. LZ. Sclater P. Z. S., p. 152, pl. xvii (1862) ; Swinhoe, P.Z. Ss, 1862, p. 364; P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 349, pl. xxxix. Cervus swinhoii, Brooke, P. Z. S., p. got (1878). Distribution.—F ormosa. uw, tpr. horns g [Cast, 29-4-82 J] Zoological Gardens. Cervus porcinus. Cervus porcinus, Zimmermann Spec. Geogr. Quad., p. 532 (1777) ; McCle- land P. Z. S., 1839, p- 150; Hutton F. A.S. B. xv, p. 150; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 902 ; Anderson Zool. Anat. Res., p. 340. Cervus (Axis) porcinus, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd.,, iv, p. 119 (1828) ; Hodgson. F. A. 8S. B., x, p. 914. Hyelaphus porcinus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl., p. 189 (1844)* ; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 530 ; Blyth Cat., p. 153; id. ¥.A. 8. By xliv, Burma List, p. 45; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 60. Axis oryzus, Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan., p. 83 (1852) ; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxiii, p. 217. Axis paren Ferdon Mamm., p. 262 (1867); McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 91; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 32 (with plate of head). The Hog Deer; Para, Hindustani; Khar laguna and Leghuna in the Nepal terai; Nuthrini haran in parts of Bengal; Weel mooha, Cingalese; Drai, Burmese. Disiribution—From Punjab and Sind through the -Gangetic valley and Assam to Burma; it is said to be found in Central India, but this seems doubtful; is not found in Malabar but occurs in the lower parts of Ceylon whither possibly it may have been imported. This deer is confined to the low lands near the Tivers and never ascends into the hills. a. Skin @ Tsitkaw, nr.Bhamo J. Anderson, 1875 6. Skin skelet. 2 Ape Rajah R. Mullick, 1876, ce. Skeleton Rajah R. Mullick, 1876. eae Zoological Gardens, 1877. wakew's Zoc logical Gardens, 1878, H. P. Vierre, 1868, g d.Skeleton e. Skeleton ¢ J. Skeleton 9 CERVUS, 179 g. Skull Q saaete Rajah R. Mullick, 1852, A.S.B. hk. Stuffed ¢ esi Zoological Gardens, 1877. gj. Skull and ¢ saat No history, 'A.S.B. horns. k, Skull and @ santas No history, A.S.B. horns, 2. Skull a juv. saeees Rajah R. Mullick, 1857, A.S.B. m. Skull go juv. eseyee No history, A.S.B. au, 8 Frontletsg Assam H, Butcher, 1879. v-y. 4 Frontlets@ Assam H. Butcher, 1879. z-a*, 2 Frontlets¢@ Martaban R. C .Beavan, 1865, A.S.B. &-n?, 12 Front- g seaees No history, A.S.B. lets. o. Skull Q Re R. G. W. Frith, 1843, A.S.B. Cervus hippelaphus. Cervus hippelaphus, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 37d ed., iv, p. 40 (1825)*: Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 903. Cervusrussa, Miiller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 217, pls. xliii and xlv, figs. 1-6 (1844) ; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 480 [foot-note. ] Cervus tunjac, afud Blyth Cat., p. 151 (1863). Distribution.—Java and several other islands into which it has probably been introduced by human agency; it is still a question as to whether the Timor and Molucca Deer are distinct; it has also been introduced into Mauritius (see Blyth J.A.S.B., xxiv . 480). : All the specimens of this deer in the Museum were in the old Asiatic Society’s Collection and have lost their labels, so that itis impossible to identify the specimens with the list given in Blyth’s catalogue, but I suspect that the two of the small frontlets are those catalogued by Blyth at “ h” and “i,” coming from Timor, in which case they are representatives of the form described by Blainville as Cervus timoriensis. a-b, 2 Skulls and g seat No history, A. S. B. horns. cj. 7 Frontlets aaa No history, A. S. B. &. Horns 1 pr. g Moluccas Zoological Gardens, 1869. 2. Skin, skelet. 9 = suue - Zoological Gardens, 1882, m. Skulland Gf ss savuve Zoological Gardens, 1882. horns. Cervus duvauceli. Cervus duvancelii, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 4th ed., vi, p. 89, pl. cci, figs. 6, 7 and 8 (1835); Anonymous $. A. S. B., v, p. 240; P. L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 346, pl. xxxvi; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 905. Cervus bahrainja, Hodgson, P. Z. S., p. 99 (1834). Cervus elaphoides; Hodgson ¥. A, S. B., iv, p. 648, pl. liii, fig. 4,” (1835). N 2 130 MAMMALIA. Cervus (Recurvus) elaphoides, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., i, p. 154 (1838) ; id. F. A. S. B., x, p. 914. ; Recervus duvaucelii, Gray Cat. Mamm., B. M., iii, p. 203 (1852); Blyth Cat., p. 150; id. P. Z. S., 1867, p. 835, figs. 1—5; Blanford, F. A. S. B., XXxXvi, p. 197; Ferdon Mamm., p 254. The Swamp Deer; Barasingha, Hind.; Baraya or Maha in the Nepal terai; Jhinkar in the Kyarda Doon; Potiya haran in Monghyr; Goen or Goenjak ¢ Gaoni ¢ in Central India. Distribution—The Terai from the Kyarda Doon in the west to Bootan and Assam in the east, also along the Brahmapootra to the Sunderbunds. In Upper Bengal from Midnapore to the Mandla district in the Central Provinces, confined to low marshy country. a. Skin 9 waeluan Zoological Gardens, 1877. 6. Skeleton @ aistins Rajah R. Mullick. ce. Skeleton ¢ avanes Zoological Gardens, 1877. d.Skeleton ¢ a onai Rajah of Kuch Behar, 1879. e. Skull, horns g niates No history, A.S.B. k-g. 2 Skulls é re, No history, A.S.B. h. Skull Sjuv. sae ‘ Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. j- Frontlet o¢ Assam H. Butcher, 1879. &. Frontlet g Tezpur, Assam H. Butcher, 1879. 2. Frontlet g Lakhimpur, Assam H. Butcher, 1879. m. Frontlet é Shillong, Assam Purchased, 1879. x, Frontlet é ere 'T. Hardwicke, 1822, A.S B. o. Frontlet é swine R. W. G. Frith, 1842, A.S.B. p-u.6Frontlets satan No history, A.S.B. v.11 pr. horns g Sergoojah, Chota Nag- J. Cockburn, [P.] 1886. pore. w.1 pr. horns g- [Cast, 2-4-82 ] Zoologica) Gardens. x.1pr.horns ¢ esses No history, A.S.B. y-c2. 5 single ¢ isones No history, A.S.B. horns @. Skull $ ateaes Rajah R. Mullick, A.S.B. Cervus schom burgki. Recurvus schomburgki, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 155 (1863) ; id. P. Z. S.,_ 1867, p. 835, figs. 6-12; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1872, p. 798. Cervus schomburgki, Brooke P. Z. S., p. 304, figs. 1 and 2 (1876); P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1877, p. 682 [with woodcut of head]; Brocke, P.Z.S., 1878, p- 905. . Distribution.—Northern Siam and the Shan States. a. Skin (flat)? Sanda Valley, Yunnan J. Anderson, 1878. 6. Frontlet ¢ tenees No history, A. S. B. Cervus eldi. P Cervus smithii, Gray P. Z.S., p. 45 (1837). ‘‘Nondescript Species of Deer,” McClelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., i, p. S01, pl. xii, figs. 1@ and 1 (1841). CERVUS. ‘181 Cervus eldit, Anonymous Calc. Fourn. N. H.,ii, p. 417, pl. xii (1842); Beavan P. Z.S., 1867, p. 759; Swinhoe P. Z. S. 1869, p. 653, figs. 1-3; P. L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 348, pls. xxxvii, xxxviii; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 906. . Cervus frontalis, McClelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 401, pl. xiil, xiv (1843); Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 296; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma, i, p. 142. Panolia acuticornis, Gray List Mamm., B, M., p. 180 (1843); Cantor F. A. S. B., &V, p. 272. Panolia platyceros, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 181 (1843). Cervus lyratus, Schinz Synop. Mamm., ii, p. 395 (1845). Cervus dimorphe, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xii, p. 897, with plate (1845). Panolia eldii, Gray P. Z. S., p..229 (1850); Blyth F. A. S. B.,, xxxi, p. 334; Blyth Cat., p. 149; Blyth P. Z. S., 1867, p. 835; Beavan F. A. S.B., xxxvi, p.175; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p.45. Thaimine of Burmese; Sungnai of Muniporees. Distribution From Munipur in the north through Burma to the northern part of the Malay peninusula (Cantor) and through Cambodia to Hainan (Swinhoe); is common in the Pegu and Martaban plains of Lower Burma (Beavan). a. Skull and ¢ Munipur J. McClelland (1844), A.S.B. horns. : 6. Skulland # Munipur J. McClelland (1844), A.S.B. horns. c. Skall and g¢ Munipur J. McClelland (1844), A.S.B. horns, d, Skull and g Munipur Purchased (1861), A. S. B. horns. e. Frontlet @ Munipur Purchased (1861), A. S. B. f. Frontlet g Munipur G. ion a (1861), A.S. B. g-h. 2 Skulls g Pegu Sir A. Phayre (1847), A.S.B. j. Frontlet g Pegu Sir A. Phayre (1847), A S.B. &, Skull, g@ Rangoon Bazaar Dr. Pritchard (1861),-A.S. B. horns. 2. Skull, 4 Sitang River, Tenas- Major Berdmore (1856), horns. serim A. S. B. m. Frontlet g Martaban, Tenasserim R. C. Beavan (1865). n. Frontlet g “ brought from Penang” H. Lewis (1846), A. S. B. B. o-p. one Q@ Rangoon Bazaar E. Blyth (1861), A. S. : heads. gq Skull @ Rangoon Genl. Fytche (1868). Cervus axis. Cervus axis, Erxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 312 (1777) ; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 221; Blyth F. A. S.B., xi, p 12023 Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 907. Cervus (Axis) axis, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 117 (1828). Cervus nudipalpebra, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 136 (.831). pe eet Hodgson F. A. S.B, x, p.9i4 (1841). Axis maculata, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 178 (1843); Cantor FA S.B, XV, pe 270; Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p.174; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan, 182 MAMMALIA. p- 82; Adams P.Z. S., 1858, p. 530; Blyth Cat., p. 152; Ferdon Mamm., p- 260; McMaster Notes on $erdon, pp. 89 and 207; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, ii, p. 28 [with plate of head]; Pollok Sport in Brit. Burma, i, p. 148. The Spotted Deer; Chital, Chitra, Chitri or Jhank, Hindus- tani; Chatidah of Bhagulpore; Boro khotiya of Rungpore; Buriya in Goruckpore; Saraga, Canarese; Dupi, Telegu; Lupi, Gond ; Tic mooha, Cingalese. Distribution—Indian peninsula and Ceylon, not recorded from the Punjab or to the east of the Bay of Bengal. It is said by Cantor to be common in Sumatra and the Malay peninsula, but is probably introduced there, is also mentioned by Radde as occurring in the Amoor district north of China, but this is probably a mistake. It occurs in the Sunderbunds and is recorded by Pollok from the Manass river and the Durrung both north of the -Brahmapootra in Assam. «a. Skin and 9 saviaes J. Anderson, 1878. skeleton. 6. Skin @juv. a. . W. Rutledge, 1873. c. Skin juv. Purneah, Bengal J. Shillingford, 1871. d. Skin : . Zoological Gardens, 1877. e. Skeleton Q iieites Rajah R. Mullick, 1875. (skull ?) te eel and g¢ Manbhoom, Bengal R. C. Beavan, 1865, A.S.B. orns. g. Frontlet @ esse R. C. Beavan, 1865, A.S.B. h. Skull and ¢ Mirzapur dist., J. Cockburn [P.] 1886. horns. N.-W. P. jem. 4 Skulls ¢@ senses No history, A.S.B. and horns, n-r. § Frontlets 4 ws selieh No history, A.S.B. s-¢, 2 Skulls siaeee No history, A.S.B. (castrated) uw. Stuffed head slainise E. Higgins, 1846, A.S.B. é . Horns 1 pr.g (Shed, 10-2-77] Zoological Gardens. mw. Horns 1 pr.g (Shed, 7-1-78] Zoological Gardens. x. Horns 1 pr.g [Shed] Zoological Gardens, 1879. y. Horns 1 pr.g [Shed] Zoological Gardens, 1879. g. Skull and ¢ wees Lord Mayo, 1870. horns. a, Skull g Snax A.S.B. 8%. Hornst pr.g [Shed, 18-3-82] Zoological Gardens. ce, Horns 1 pr. @ [Shed, 27-12-81] Zoological Gardens. d*, Horns 1 pr.g [Shed, 21-2-80] Zoological Gardens. e7, 4 horn é essen No history, A. S. B. Cervus dybowskii. dain han Radde Ost Siberien, i., p. 286 (1862). ervus dybowskii, Tacsanowski P.Z. S., p. 123, with fig. (1876). Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 909; W.L. Sclater ¥. A. S. B., viii, p. ae A. ye CERVUS, 183 Distribution. —Mantchuria extending to Thibet? @. Skull and skin ¢ “ Darjeeling bazaar” A.M. Dunne [Ex.], 1888, of head. Cervus sika. Cervus sika, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Fap. Mamm., p. 54, pl. xvii (1847) ; Blyth Cat., p. 148; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1860, p. 377; id. Trans. Zool. Soc. vii, p. 346, pl. xxxv; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 908. Rusa japonica, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H. (3) vi, p. 218 (1860); id. P. Z. S, 1861, p. 236. Distribution.—Japan. a, Skull and @ Japan Hakodate Mus. [Ex.] 1884. horns, Cervus taévanus. Cervus tajouanus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxix, p. 90 (1860); Sclater P. Z, S. 1860, p. 376. Cervus taévanus, P, L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1862, p. 152, pl. xvi; Swinhoe, ibid, p. 362; Blyth Cat., p. 148; P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, P- 345, pl. xxxiii, xxxiv; Brooke P, Z. S., 1878, p. 909. Distribution.—The Mountains of Formosa. a. Skull g Formosa R. Swinhoe (1860), A. S. B. (Type of Cervus taiouanus, Blyth.] Cervus elaphus, Cervus elaphus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., tath ed. i, p. 03 (1766); Blasius Saéugeth. Deutsch., p. 439; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxx, p 185; id. Cad, p. 147; Danford and Alston P. Z.S., 1877, p. 276; id. ibid., 1880, p. 54; Brooke P.Z.S., 1878, p. gto. Cervus barbarus, Bennet List An, Gard. Zool, Soc. 13th ed., p. 31 (1837)*. The Red Deer. Distribuiion—The British Isles and Europe generally, Corsica, Sardinia, Algeria, Asia Minor and the Caucasus; is replaced in Northern and Eastern Asia by an allied species; distinguished as C. xanthopygus by Milne- Edwards; a. Stuffed head g Scotland H. R. H. Prince Consort 1861, A.S.B. b. Skull and ¢@ Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B. horns. ec. Skull and g@ Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B. horns. ‘ d-e.2¥Frontlets g Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B, f. Horns pr. ¢ C. Darwin, 1846, A.S.B. g. Skeleton @ Scotland - J. Struthers [Ex.] 1881, kh. Odd horn és No history. 184 MAMMALIA, Cervus eustephanus. Cervus eustephanus, Blanford P. Z. S.. p. 637 (1875); id. Yarkand Mamm., p. 90; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 912. ? Cervus maral, Severtsoff Turk. Fev., pp. 62, 103, etct. with figs, of horns (1873); id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvili, p. 377. Distribution.—Thian Shan and Altai Mountains. a. 1 pr. horns Thian Shan Mts. F. Stoliczka, 1874. [Type of Cervus eustephanus, Blanford.] Cervus affinis. 4 Cervus wallichii, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 4th ed., vi, p. 89 (1835); F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 39, with plate; Blyth ¥. A. S. B., x, p. 745 ; Hodg- son F A. S. B., xi, p. 284; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxi, p. 341; id. F. ASB, xxii, p. 592; id. F A. S.B., xxiii, p. 217. Cervus elaphus, apud Hadgson F. A. S. B., iv, p. 648, pl. liii, fig. 5 (1835). Cervus affinis, Hodgson $. A. S.B., x, p. 721, with plate (1841) ; id. ibid., p. 914; id. ¥. A. S.B., vix, with plate of horns, p. 466; Gray P.Z.S., 1850, p. 228; Hodgson F. A. S. B., xx, p. 388, pl. vii; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxx, p. 188; id., Cat., p. 146; Ferdon Mamm., p. 251; Blanford F.A.S. By xli, p. 39; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 913. The Shou of Tibetans. : Distribution —Eastern Tibet; this stag has been only got through native collectors and it seems probable that it has never occurred on the Indian side of the passes or indeed any nearer India than in the Chumbi Valley. a, Skin Q Thibet L. Mandelli, 1877. 6. Skin,skull g nr. Phari, Thibet Sir A. Eden, 1882, and horns, ce. Stuffed @ = Thibet L. Mandelli, 1877. da, on and = @ or. Phari, Thibet A. Campbell, 1851, A. S. B, orns. foxy e. I pr. horns wens No history. ’ . Jf Upr. horns @ nr. Dhoulagiri, Thibet Barrackpore Menagerie, A. S.B. [Type of C. wallichii, Cuvier.] Cervus cashmeerianus. “ Kashmir stag,” Blyth P. Z. S., 1840, p. 79. aay ee Gray List Osteol. Spec. B. M., p.65 (1847); Blyth . A. S. B., xxiii, p. 734; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. ; Lydekk 7 AS B swi, pate. ii ide a Cervus wallichii, apud Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv p. 576 (1849) ; Blyth F.A.S, B., xxx, p. 188; id. Cat., p. 146; Ferdon Mamm., p. 250; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 44. Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer Palagwont. Memoirs, i, p. 576 (1868). P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., vii, p. 339 (with woodcut and pl. Xxx): Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 912; Scully ¥.A.S. B., lvi, p. 76. : CERVUS. 185 The Kashmir Stag; Barasingha, Hind.; Hangul or Honglu of Kashmir. Distribution The Kashmir Valley, not extending eastwards ; a single horn was procured by Major Yate near Balkh in Afghan- Turkestan. Sir V. Brooke’s nomenclature has been followed for this and the preceding species and Cuvier’s name Cervus wallichii has been ignored since it seems impossible to decide with any cer- tainty to which species the specimen described by Baron Cuvier refers, The pair of horns shed by the animal whose portrait appears in M. F, Cuvier’s Histoire Naturelle des Mammiferes is still here in the Museum, C. affinis “f£”, they are the horns of a young stag probably in its third year, the right-hand antler is a simple beam with a brow and bez antler only, the brow being considerably the longest ; the left-hand antler bears, in addition to the brow and bez antlers, a third the royal, but in this case the bez surpasses the brow in length; in the case of the Tibetan stag (Cervus affinis), the brow and bez are approximately of the same length, whereas in the case of the Kashmir stag the bez is generally considerably the longer of the two; so that, as far as the respective lengths of the brow and bez antlers are concerned, there is no ground for considering C. wallichii to be either the Kashmir or Tibetan stag. The antlers present no other points of note which throw any light on their affinity. The stag which bore the antlers in question is said to have been brought from near Mt. Dhoulagiri to the north of Nepal on the further side of the snowy range, and it therefore seems probable that the animal really was, as Jerdon thought, a deformed young specimen of Cervus affinis. a. Skulland g Kashmir Valley R. Lyddekker [Ex.], 1878. horns. : b-c. 2 Frontlets g Fare'se No history. d. i pr.horns ¢ xahinai No history. e-f. 2 horns a 5 satin Purchased, 1872. g. Single horn ¢ rere R. C. Beavan. &. Single horn ¢ Oxus River nr. Balkh CC. E. Yate, 1887. Cervus canadensis. Cervus canadensis. Brxleben Syst Reg. An. p. 305 (1777); Blyth F.A.S. Bi, X, p. 737; id. ibid, xxii, p. 592; id. Cat, p.146; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, P- 913. Cervus wapiti, Leath Fournal de Physique, \xxxv, p. 66 (1818)*. The Wapiti. Distribution.—Alleghanies, Minnisota, Dakota, Nebraska, Wash- ington, Oregon and California, northwards to 57°, N Lat. 186 MAMMALIA. a. Skinand Q aces Zoological Gardens, 1882. skeleton &. Skin @ North America Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 1879. c. Skall, horns ¢ setae No history. ad. Frontlet & sapes Purchased, 1859, A. S. B. e. Frontlet go age No history. . Skin juv. ¢ iat Zoological Gardens, 1881. Cervus dama. Cervus dama, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 93 (1766); Blasius Saugeth- Deutsch., p. 453; $ettteles, Sclater, Boyd Dawkins and Brooke Nature: xi, pp. 71, 112, 210and 226; Brooke P. Z. S , 1878, p. 913. Cervus (Dama) dama, H. Smith Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 84 (1827). Dama vulgaris, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 181, (1843); Blyth Cat., p. 148. The Fallow Deer. Distribution. —Circum-Mediterranean, 7.e.,Greece, Spain, Asia Minor, Sardinia, Algeria and Northern Palestine, introduced into England. a. Skull @ Great Britain W. Davison, 1846, A.S B. & Frontlet gf = aaaees C. Darwin, 1857, A.S.B. c. Frovtlet Sf = ase E. Blyth, A.S.B. d. Skull é aavinds No history. e-f. 2SkeletonsQ ae Rajah R. Mullick. ze. Skull Oa Rajah R. Mullick. A. Skull 9 —— Reeeteee No history, A.S.B. j. Skull . i W. Rutledge, 1881, &. 1 pr. horns ¢ scasts No history, A.S B. den.goddhornsf aca C. Darwin, A.S.B. Genus ALCES. Alces, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 303 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. Alces machlis. Cervus alces, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 92 (1766). Cervus (Alces) alces, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 72 (1827). Alces machlis, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 135 (1836) ; Blyth Cat., p. 145; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 916. Alces americanus, ¥ardine Nat. Libr., xi, p. 125 (1837). Alces palmatus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 182 (1843) ; Blasius Saugeth, Deutsch., p. 434. The Elk or Moose. Distribution —Sweden, Northern Russia, Siberia and North America from the Columbia river on the west and Maine on the east coast northwards (Brooke). a. Skull @ Scandinavia. Christiania Univ., 1846,A.S.B. 6. Frontlet gf oan . No history, A-S.B. CARIACUS. 187 e. Skull é Abie Lake, Maine, J. G. Rich. U.S.A @. Skull t Nova Scotia H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1889. Genus CAPREOLUS. Capreolus, H. Smith, Grigith An, Kingd., v, p. 313 (1827) (as a sub-genus.] Capreolus capraea. Cervus capreolus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 94 (1766). Cervus (Capreolus) capreolus; H. Smith, Grifith An. Kinga., iv, p. 124 (1827); Blasius Séugeth. Deutsch., p. 457. Capreolus capraea, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 176 (1843) ; Blanford Persia, p- 96. Capreolus europaeus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., p. 184 (1844)*; Blyth Cat., p. 157. The Roe Deer. Distribution.—Europe generally, Northern Palestine, and the Elburz Mountains, a-b, 2 Skulls anaes Purchased, 1860, A.S.B. ce. Skull é eerees No history. d. Skull g Hungary? Hungarian Mus., A.S.B. e-g. 3 Frontlets ¢ Great Britain W. Davison, 1844,A.S.B. kh. Skull g Scotland Sir W. Jardine, 1850, A.S.B. j. Skull @ Astrabad, N. Persia B. Lovett, 1883. &. Skin @ Astrabad, N. Persia, B. Lovett, 1883. Genus CARIACUS. Mazama, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd,, v, p. 314 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. Cariacus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 175 (1843). Cariacus virginianus. Cervus virginianus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., i, p. 136 (1774)*; Baird N, Amer. Mamm., p. 643, figs. 12, 13*. Cervus mexicanus, Gmelin Syst, Nat. i, p. 179 (1788); Baird N. Amer. Mamm., p. 653*. ree ee virginianus, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., iv, p. 127 1827). Cariacus virginianus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 175 (1843); Blyth Cat., p- 157; Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 919. Cariaeus mexicanus, Brooke P. Z. S., 1878, p. 919. Disirtbutton.—North America from Canada and British Colum- bia, southwards to Panama,*perhaps to Peru. a. Skull Upton, Maine, U. S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. 6. Skull juv. isis A.D. Bartlett, 1849, A. S. B. e-d. 2¥Frontlets $ = serene A.S.B e. Frontlet ¢ testes No ne 188 MAMMALIA. Ff. Skull Q Upton, Maine, U.S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. g. Skin, skull g Spirit Lake, Ont., J. H. Garnier [Ex.J 11-12-84. hk. Skin, skull ¢ Spirit Lake, Ont., J. H. Garnier [Ex.j 31-10-84. Genus RANGIFER, Rangifer, H. Smith, Griffith An. Kingd., v, p. 304 (1827) [as a sub-genus]. Tarandus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 134 (1836). Rangifer tarandus. Cervus tarandus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i p. 93 (1766). Cervus (Rangifer) tarandus, H. Smith Griffith, An. Kingd., iv., p. 79 (1827). Tarandus rangifer, Ogilby P. Z.S., p. 134 (1836); Blyth Cat., p. 145. Rangifer tarandus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 181 (1843); Brooke P.Z.8., 1878, .p. 928. Rangifer caribou et groenlandicus, Baird N. Amer. Manim., p. 633 (1857)*. Distribution.—Circumpolar, z.e., Northern Europe, Asia and America. : a. Frontlet g Scandanavia Christiania Univ., 1846, A.S.B. b. Frontlet fo svuse E. Blyth, A.S.B. ce. Skull Scandanavia Stockholm Mus. [Ex.], 1887. d. Skull North America W. Theobald, 1868. e. Skull iat) H. A. Ward [Ex.], 1889. Genus TRAGULUS. Tragulus, Pallas Spic, Zool. xiii, p. 27 (1778). Meminna, Gray Ann, Philos. xvi (1825)*. There has been a great deal of confusion in the synonymy of this genus; Milne Edwards published in 1864 a monograph on the subject and first elucidated matters. Besides T. mem- minna, which is quite distinct, there seem to be two well-marked forms and several varieties which are doubtfully worthy of specific distinction; the typical T. napu is of a grayish tinge and has two varieties, one unnamed, reddish with a strongly marked nuchal stripe, the other called T. stanleyanus of Gray, a still brighter red without any trace of the nuchal stripe; of the smaller forms, the one best known is T. kanchil, the other T. javanicus, is said to be distinguishable from T. kanchil, but is apparently confined to the island of Java and there is no representa- tive of it in the Museum. Key of the Indiay Species. a. Body spotted . ‘ ‘ T. memminna, p. 189. a*, Body not spotted b. Larger, tarsus and hind-foot, 5°8 inches, with 5 white throat stripes. 5 i T. napu, p. 190. TRAGULUS. 189 62, Smaller, tarsus and hind-foot, 48 inches, with 3 white throat stripes . T. kanchil, p. 189. Tragulus memminna. Moschus memminna. Erxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 322 (1777); Sykes P. Z. Sy 1831, p.104; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 220; Tickell Calc. Fourn. N. H- i, p. 420; Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 96. Meminna indica, Gray P. Z. S., p. 63 (1836); Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 174; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 81 ; Blyth Cat., p. 155; Ferdon Mamm., p. 269; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 98. Tragulus mimenoides, Hodgson 7. A.S B., x., p. 914 (1841). Tragulus memminna, A. Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), ii, p. 160 (1864) ; Blyth P. Z. S., 1864, p. 483. The Mouse-deer; Pisuri, Hindu; Burka, Canarese; Mugi of Central India; Yar of the Kols; Gandwa, Ooriah; Jitri Haran, Bengali; Kurupandi, Telegu; Walmooha, Cingalese. Distribution —The large forests of the Indian peninsula and Ceylon ; it is said to have occurred in the Himalayan Terai. a, Skin g Zoological Gardens, 1880. 6, Skin, @ juv. A aaties W. Rutledge, 1881. skull ce, Skin Q juv. W. Rutledge, 1881. da. Skin Ceylon Columbo Museum, 1888. e. Skin, skele- 9 seeoat Zoological Gardens, 1880. ton. Jf. Skin, skele- g sotiny W. Rutledge, 1881. ton. g. Skin, skele-¢@ Ceylon? W. Rutledge, 1873. ton, h. Skeleton ¢ venaee W. Rutledge, 1881. j. Stuffed @ India Dr. MacCosh, 1835, A. S. B. &. Stuffed @ Ceylon Babu M. Dey, 1870. t. Stuffed juv. India Mrs. Lindstedt, 1842, A.S.B. Tragulus kanchil. Moschus kanchil, Raffes Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 262 (1822); Gray P. 2. S., 1836, p. 64; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v., p. 181. Moschus fulviventer, Gray P. Z. S., 1836, p. 65 (1836). Tragulus kanchil, Gray List Mamm.B. M., p. 173 (1843); Cantor F.A.S.B., xv, p. 268; Blyth F.A.S.B., xxvii, p. 276; id. Cat., p.156; Milne Edwards Ann. Sci Nat. (5), ii, p.159; Blyth P.Z.S., 1864, p. 483; id. ¥. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 44; Thomas P.Z. S., 1886, pp. 72,79; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 25; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 341. PTragulus pelandoc, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 277 (1858) ; id. Caz., p. 156. Distribution.—Tenasserim, Siam and Cambodia, the Malay pe- ninsula and Sumatra. This species is represented in Java by nearly allied species Tragulus javanicus of Pallas, which seems to differ from Tragulus kanchil merely in the absence of the nuchal streak so con- . 390 MAMMALIA, spicuous in Tragulus kanchil; Tragulus affinis described by Gray from Cambodia, P. Z. S., 1861, p. 138, also seems to be merely a geographical variety of T. kanchil. a. Skin é seaaé A.S.B. 6. Skin 9 acai A.S.B. c. Skin Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 J. Anderson. _d. Skin 9 Pilai, Mergui, 3-3-82 J. Anderson. e. Skin g? Thaing, Mergui, 31-1-82 J. Anderson. Sf. Skin é ? Thaing, Mergui, 27-1-82 |. Anderson. g. Skin & Pilai, Mergui, 7-3-82 J. Anderson. A. Skin Mergui, 24-2-82 J. Anderson. j» Skin Mergui, a1-1-82 J. Anderson. &. Skin és varece Zoological Gardens, 1877. 1. Skin, skull 9 reowees W. Rutledge, 1878. m. Skin é $3 W. Rutledge, 1877. n. Skin er W. Rutledge, 1877. o. Skin g ase Zoological Gardens, 1880, pb. Skin 2 Peer W. Rutledge, 1877. q. Skin 2 eaptad W. Rutledge, 1877. r. Stuffed No history. s. Stuffed Perens Maharajah of Burdwan, (1858), A.S.B. #. Stuffed, skull Plembaug Isle, Suma- W. Rutledge, 1874. ~ traP * uw. Skin, ske- nance W. Rutledge, 1877. leton. v. Skin, ske- ¢ aieies W. Rutledge, 1875. leton. mw. Skin, ske- Q ae W. Rutledge, 1877. leton. x. Skin, ske- g watees W. Rutledge, 1877. leton. y. Skin, ske- @ is W. Rutledge, 1877. leton. zg. Skin, skew $a W. Rutledge, 1875. leton. a, Skin, ske- Q 0 uaaaee W. Rutledge, 1877. leton. b?-c’, 2 Skulls rae No history, A.S B. a?, Skeleton, ¢ vous W. Rutledge, 1872. mted. Tragulus napu. Moschus napu, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., live. 37, with plate (1822). Moschus javanicus, afud Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 261 (1822); Gray P. Z.S., 1836, p. 64. : Tragulus javanicus, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 173 (1843) ; Cantor F.A.S.B., xv, p. 209; Blyth ¥. A. S. B, xxvii, p. 277; id. Cat., p. 155. Tragulus fuscatus, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 278 (1850). Tragulus napu, Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. (5), ii p. 158 (1864); Blyth P. Z. S., 1864, p. 483; Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 166; Thomas P. 2. S., 1886, p. 71; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., xi, p. 25. Disiribution.—From Tenasserim (Blanford), southwards through the Malay peninsula, Sumatra (Raffles), Java (Blyth), Banka and Borneo (Jentink). CAMELUS, Ig1 a, Skin 2 saaiaid W. Rutledge, 1881. 6, Skin 2 esis W. Rutledge, 1877. ec. Skin, skull g Plembang Isle, Sumatra W. Rutledge, 1872. d, Skin, skull g Plembang Isle, Sumatra W. Rutledge, 1872, e Skin g juv. savers W. Rutledge, 1876. f. Stuffed @ Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1871, g. Stuffed Q@ Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1872. a. Stuffed Q@ Java Batavian Soc., 1844, A.S.B. [Type of Tragulus fuscatus, Blyth.] j. Stuffed Q Java W. Rutledge. &. Skin, skeleton Biwi No history, 1881. t, Skull ee A,S.B. Tragulus stanleyanus. Moschus stanleyanus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 65 (1836). ' Tragulus stanleyanus, Milne Edwards Ann. Sct. Nat. (5), ii, p. 160 (1864) ; Blyth P, Z. S., 1864, p. 483. Distribution.—Malay peninsula and Java? a. Skin , ree . W. Rutledge, 1877. 6. Skin 2 cooege W. Rutledge, 1879. c. Skin, skull ¢ sueaee W. Rutledge, 1877. juv. a. Stuffed a Java A. Grote, 1867. e. Stuffed Q Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1870, Sf. Stuffed 9 Malay peninsula W. Rutledge, 1870, g. Skin,skele- sadens W. Rutledge, 1874. ton. hk, Skin,skele- 2 suncee W. Rutledge, 1874. ton. Genus CAMELUS. Camelus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 90 (1766). Camelus bactrianus. Camelus bactrianus, Linneus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 90 (1766) ; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p- 253; Hutton F. A. S. B., xv, p. 167; Radde Ost Si- berien, p. 238; Finsch P. Z. S., 1876, p. 696 ; Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xvili, p. 170; Przewalsky Peters. Mitth. Erzb., xii, p.17; Blanford Persia, p. 97. Distribution.—The Bactrian Camel has been recently discover- ed in a feral state by Przewalsky (oc. czt.) in the region of Lob Nor in Central Asia; it is found in a domesticated condition in Turkestan and Central Asia generally; it appears to be but rarely seen in Afghanistan and Persia. a. Skeleton mted. ¢ toeces King of Oude, 1877. and skin. 5. Skeleton é ssosie King of Oude, 1877. ¢. Skeleton g ere . King of Oude, 1877. 192 MAMMALIA. Camelus dromedarius. Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 90 (1766); Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 162; Tristram P. Z S., 1866, p. 87; Blyth Cat., p. 143; Blanford Persia, p. 97. Camelus dromas, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As. p. 197 (1831); Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 170, Camelus arabicus, Desmoulins ‘Dict. Class H. N., iii, p. 452 (1824-30) ; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p. 252. Distribu/ton.—The One-humped Camel has never been found in a truly feral state; itis found domesticated in India, Afghanistan and Western Asia generally, and also in Northern Africa. a. Skin and wees Karachi Museum, 1877. skeleton. &. Skeleton ¢@ iedee’ Babu H. M. Roy, 1881. c. Skeleton ¢@ ere King of Oude, 1839, A.S. B. mted. @. Skull Q R. C. Tytler, 1861, A. S. B. e. Skull No history. f-g. 2skulls Jeysulmere, Rajputana N. Belletty, 1890. Genus AUCHENIA. Lama, Cuvier Tablegu Gen. in Legons d’ Anat. Comp., 1st ed. (1800)! Auchenia, Jiliger Prodr., p. 103 (1811). Auchenia glama. Camelus glama, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed, i, p.g1 (1766). Lama peruana, Tiedemann Zool, i, p. 421 (1808). Auchenia Llacma, Jiliger Prodr., p. 103 (1811). Auchenia glama, Blyth Cat., p. 144 (1863). : Distribution —The Andes of South America, only known in a domestic state. a, Skin, skele- ¢ emia W. Rutledge, 1881. ton, + &. Skin G Resiaas W. Rutledge, 1881. c. Skin & ae W. Rutledge, 1881. d. Skeleton 4 ae W. Rutledge, 1881. e. Skeleton . W. Rutledge, 1881. J. Skeleton é W. Rutledge. g. Skeleton @ —aasene W. Rutledge, 1879. hk. Skeleton aaa Earl of Derby, 1850. mted. j. Stuffed seas No history. Genus SUS. Sus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 102 (1766). - + Afterwards abandoned by the author in favour of Auchenia. sus. 193 Sus cristatus. Sus cristatus, Wag ner Minch, Gel, Anz., ix, p. 435 [misprinted 535] (1839); Gray P. Z.S., 1868, p. 27; Blyth F. A. S. B. xliv, Burma es Murray Zool. Sind, p. §4. , Sus scrofa, apud Sykes, P. Z. S.. p. 104 (1831); Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 219; McClelland P. Z. S., 1839, p. 150; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 5313 Blyth Cat. p. 139 (divided into several races] ; Blanford ¥, A. S. B xxxvi, p.197; Anderson F. Linn. Soc, xxi, p. 341. Sus indicus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 185 (1843); Hutton and Blyth, F.A.S. B., xv, p. 135; Cantor F. A. S.B., xv, p. 261; Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan, p. 78; Blyth F. A.S. B., xxix, p. 105; Ferdon Mamm., p- 241; MacMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 59; Stolizcka F. A.S.B., xli, ‘p. 228; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 287. Sus aper vars, aipomus et isonotus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p. 911 (1841). Sus zeylonensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 173 (1851); id. FJ. 4. S. B, xxi, p. 351; id. ¥. A. S. B., xxix, p. 105. Sus bengalensis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxix, p. 105 (1860). The Indian Wild Boar ; Sur, Suwar, Bura janwar or Bud janwar, Hindustani; Dukar, Mahratti; Handi, Mikka or Jewardi, Canarese; Pandi, Telegu; Paddi of the Gonds; Waloora, Cingalese ; Tauwet, Burmese. Distribution.—All over India, from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin, Ceylon and Burma, but possibly replaced by another species in Tenasserim. It has always been a question as to whether the Indian and European Wild Boars differ sufficiently from one another to warrant their separation as distinct species; Blyth finally consi- dered them merely as geographical varieties of one species, Jerdon separated them entirely. On comparing the skulls of the two, slight differences are to be found, but it is a question if they would be constant if a larger series of skulls were examined. In the European form the parietal region of the skull above the eyes is flat or almost concave, not convex, as in the Indian boar; behind this region the skull is much reduced, so that it forms a narrow ridge barely a inch across, while in the Indian boar, ale though this part of the skull is reduced, it is very much wider than in the European boar. In the European boar, again, the nasais are longer than the rest of the skull measured from the naso-frontal suture to the occipital ridge; in the Indian boar they are generally, though not invariably, shorter. The anterior palatine foramen in the European boar is pear- shaped, tapering to a point posteriorly, while in the Indian boar it is somewhat oval-shaped and ends in a blunt point posteriorly. The European boar is said to have small warts under the eye while the Indian boar has none. There are in the Museum two specimens of the Yarkand wild boar collected by Stoliczka and described by Blanford in the Yarkand Mission report; the skulls of these specimens agree 194 MAMMALIA. with that of the European form (S, scropha) except that the nasals are short and the anterior palatine foramina agree with those of the Indian form (Sus cristatus). Blyth in his catalogue further distinguished no less than four different Indian races, (1) the typical Indian race, with the narrow occipital vertex, about 114 inches wide at the narrowest point, found all over India and Ceylon, (2) the Bengal race, with the wide occipital plane, about 214 inches across, (3) the Tenasserim race considerably smaller; (4) a distinct Ceylonese race, with a very large posterior molar. On comparing the skulls, which have been acquired by the Museum since Blyth’s time with Blyth’s original specimens, the distinction between the Bengal race and the typical Indian race breaks down, and the width of the occipital plane seems to be merely an individual peculiarity; the Ceylonese skull must be regarded as an abnormal one; the Tenasserim skulls, how- ever, resemble that of a specimen, acquired thence more recently, which may possibly be identical with Sus leucomystax of China and Japan; it is possible that this latter race may have been imported from China and have run wild in Tenasserim. a, Stuffed Goalundo Museum Collector (1876). &. Skelet. mted [domestic var.] A. R, Jackson (1837), A.S.B. «. Skull $ Gorruckpore terai, J.C. Peppé (1847), A.S.B. N.W.P. d. Skall Q Arakan Sir A. Phayre (1846), A.S.B. ed. 4 Skulls Gorruckpore _terai, J. C. Peppé (1862), A.S.B. N.W.P. j. Skull @ Cuttack, Bengal T. Shawe (1845), A.S.B. k-l. 2Skulls 9 Punjab Salt Range W. Theobold (1853), A.S.B. m. Skull @ Akyab bazaar E. Blyth (1861), A.S.B. n. Skull & Ceylon E. F. Kelaart (1851), A.S.B. o. Skull = juv. Ceylon E. F. Kalaart (1851), A.S.B. p. Skall Ceylon E. F. Kelaart (1850), A.S.B. [Type of Sus zeylonensis, Blyth.] g. Skull — g Purneah dist. J. L. Shillingford, 1881. 7. Skull =» Eastern Bengal J. Biddulph, 1877. s-t. 2 Skulls @ Central India? J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. u-v. 2 Skulls 9 Central India? J. Cockburn [P.], 1886. @. Skull (dom. Soonderbunds A. M. Nicholetts, 1866. var. ?] : x. Skull [dom. Nicobars W. Hodge, 1860, A.S.B. var.?] : y. Skeleton g Purneah J. L. Shillingford, 1881. SSkul apternns No history, A.S.B. a’, Skin, Qjuv. Padow, Mergui, 8-2-82 J. Anderson. and skull. ®. Skin Qjuv. King Isle, Mergui, J. Anderson. 27-1-82 e. Skin Qjuv. King Isle, Mergui, J. Anderson. 271-82. @. Skul aa, No history, A.S.B. é. Skull diesieal No history, A.S.B. PORCULA. 195 Sus andamanensis. Sus andamanensis, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 267 (1858); id. ibid, xxviii, P- 271; id. ibid, xxix, p. 103; id. Cat., p. 141; Gray P. Z.S., 1868, Pp. 29. Distribution.—The Andamans and possibly the Nicobars. a. Stuffed g Andamans G. W. Wicks, 1873. 6. Skeleton+ nates W. Hodge, 1860, A. S, B. mted. c-g. 14 Skulls Andaman Islands A.S.B. 7-#. 3 Skulls juv. Andaman Islands. A.S.B. ; n-v. 2 Skulls Port Blair, Andamans Major Ford, 1867. w-x. 2 Skulls Andamans J. Anderson, 1872. y. Skull Andamans J. Anderson, 1866. s. Lower jaw __ Preparis Island J. Wood Mason, 1873. Sus scrofa. Sus scrofa, Linnaeus Syst Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 103 (1766); Gray P. Z. S., 1868, p. 30; Blanford Persia, p. 86; Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4). xviii, p. 387; Danford and Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 275; Thomas Linn, Trans. (2), v, p. 62; Radde. Zool. $. B., iv, p. 1068. Sus scrofa var. nigripes, Blanford F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 112 (1875); id. Yarkand Mamm., p. 79. The Wild Boar. Distribution. —Europe and North Africa, Asia Minor (Danford), Persia (Blanford), and Northern Asia generally. a. Skull Europe Hungarian Museum, A.S.B, 6 Skulland g Thian Shan Mts. F. Stoliczka, 1874. skin. ce. Skulland @ Thian Shan Mts (Capt. F. Stoliczka, 1874. skin. Chapman ) [Types of Sus scrofa var. nigripes, Blanford.] Genus PORCULA. Porcula, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xvi, pt. i, p. 423 (1847). Porcula salvania. Porcula salvania, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, pt. i, pp. 423, 593, pls. xii, xiii (1847) ; id. P. Z. S., 1847, p. 115; Horsfield P. Z. S. 1853, p- 192 pl. xxxvii; Ferdon Mamm., p. 244; Gray P.Z.S., 1868, p. 33; Anderson P. Z.S., 1869, p. 470; P. L. Sclater P. Z.S., 1882, p. 546, pl. xxxvil. The Pigmy Hog; Chota suwar, Hindus; Sano banel of Nepalese. Distribulion.—Confined to the Terai at the base of the Hima- layas from Nepal, probably to Assam, but is apparently rare. 02 196 MAMMALIA, u. Stuffed and ¢ Darjeeling terai, J. Anderson, skull. 19-5-70. &. Stuffed Darjeeling terai, J. Anderson. 28-9-69, . c. Skeleton Bhutan terai Zoological Gardens, 1882. mted. 2 d,-e. 2 skins Darjeeling terai, J. Anderson, 195-70, f. Skin Neora Karanti Douars F.A. Maller, 1883. g. Skin Dam Dim, Douars F. A. Miller, 1883. h, Skin iiss No history. j. Skeleton Q wieaiee Zoological Gardens, 1883. k. Skeleton ¢ Dam Dim, Douars F. A. Miller, 1883. uv. Z, Skeleton Q toeens Zoological Gardens, 1883. m. Skeleton G = = ————_aanaee Zoological Gardens, 1883. $ n. Skull pt. ? Sikkim Terai (Hodgson) India Mus., London, Genus BABIRUSSA. Babirussa, Lesson Man. Mamm., p.337 (1827). Babirussa alfurus. Sus babirussa, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 104 (1766). Babirussa alfurus, Lesson Man, Mamm., p. 338 (1827) ; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 1860, p. 443, pl. Ixxxili ; Blyth Cat., p. 142; Gray P. Z.S., 1868, p. 43. Distribution.—Celebes and Borneo. a. Skin and 9 on es Zoological Gardens, 1885. skeleton b-c. 2skulls @¢ Amboyna? A.S.B. Genus DICOTYLES. Dicotyles, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed., i, p. 237 (1817). Dicotyles tajacu. Sus tajacu, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i. p. 103 (1766). Dicotyles torquatus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., ist ed. i, p. 237 (1817); Baird N, Amer. Mamm., p. 627*. Dicotyles tajacu, P. L. Sclater List Vert. An. Zool. Soc., rst ed., p. 19 (1862)* ; Alston Biol. Centr. Amer. Mamm., p. 107. The Peccary. Distribution.—North America from the Red River of Arkansas, southwards through Central and Southern America to Patagonia, a. Skin g Nuces valley, Texas J. H. Garnier [Ex.] U.S. A., 9-3-84. HIPPOPOTAMUS. 197 6. Skin juv. Nuces valley, Texas, J.H. Garnier [Ex.] U.S. A., 9-3-84. e, Skull South America E. Blyth, 1865, A.S.B. Genus PHACOCHCERUS. Phacocheerus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim. 1st ed,, i, p. 236,(1817). Phacocherus zthiopicus. Aper zthiopicus, Pallas Spic. Zool., ii, p. 2 (1767). Sus zthiopicus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat.,,12th ed., iii, p. 223 (1768). Phacocheerus zthiopicus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, viil, p. 450, pl. xxii (1822) ; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1850, p. 78, pl. xvii; Blyth Cat., p. 139. Phacochcerus pallasii, van der Hoeven Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro., xix ii, p- 171 (1839). _ Distribution.—South Africa. a. Skullimpf. g Port Natal W. S. Sherwill (1843), 6. Tusk. taeeee A.S.B. Phacocherus africanus. Sus africanus, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 220 (1788). Phacocheerus zliani, Cretzschmar Riippel’s Atlas, p. 61, pls. xxv, xxvi (1826) ; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 241; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 1869, p. 276, pl. xx; id. ibid., 1871, p. 236. ; Phacocheerus haroja, Hempr. and Ehr. Symb. Phys., pl. xx (1832). Phacochcerus sclateri, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), vi, pp. 189, 263 (1870); P.L. Sclater Ann..Mag. N. H. (4), vi, p. 404. Distribution.—Africa south of the Sahara generally. a-b, 2 skulls g@ Abyssinia, 28-6-68 W. T. Blanford. Genus HIPPOPOTAMUS. Hippopotamus, Linnaeus Syst, Naé., 12th ed., i, p. 101 (1766). Hippopotamus amphibius. Hippopotamus amphibius, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 101 (1766). Hippopotamus capensis, Desmoulins Fournal de Physique, v, p. 354 (1826)* ; Blyth Cat., p. 142. e Hippopotamus senegalensis, Desmoulins Fournal de Physique, v, p. 354 (1826) *. a. Skin g juv. saci Zoological Gardens, 1887. skeleton. b. Skull 2 tevees N. Wallich, 1844, A.S.B. c. Skullimpft. ¢ tevees W. S. Sherwill, 1843, A.S.B. d. 7 teeth awecids W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. e. Lower tusk ¢ sates No history, A.S.B. 198 MAMMALIA. Genus TAPIRUS. Tapirus, G. Cuvier Tab. Element de l' Hist. Nat., p. 182 (1798)*. Rhinocheerus, Wagler Syst. Amphib., p.17 (1830). Tapirus indicus. “ Tapir of Malacca;” Farquhar, Diard and Siddons, As. Res., xiii, p. 417. Tapirus indicus, G. Cuvier Rapport trav, U Institut (1818)*; Desmarest N. Dict, d’Hist. Nat., Xxxii, p. 458. Tapirus sumatranus, Gray Med. Repos.”(1821)*. Tapirus malayanus, Raffles Linn. Trans, xiii, p. 270 (1822); Horsfield Zool. Res.. with plates; Cantor F.A.S.B., xv, p. 263; Blyth. Cat., p. 135; id. F. ALS B., xliv, Burma List, p. 49. Tapirus bicolor, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth., vi, p. 400 (1835). Rhinocheerus sumatranus, Gray P.Z.S., p. 884 (1867). : Distribution.—In Tenasserim from the latitude of Ye south. wards through the Malay peninsula; Sumatra. It is also said to occur in Borneo and Southern China, but this is very doubtful. a. Skeleton & er W. Rutledge, 1874. 6. Skeleton é eseuas W. Rutledge, 1874. c. Skeleton? juve use a‘ Zvological Gardens, 1876. d. Skeleton, ¢ seine W. Rutledge, 1879. skin. e. Skeleton @ juv. Purchased, 1879. Jf. Skeleton g Zoological Gardens, 1881. g. Skeleton é . Babu H. M. Roy, 1885. kh, Stuffed 2 eaetees J. Agabeg, 1844, A.S.B. j- Skeleton mted. eet W. Rutledge, 1874. k. Skull @ Malacca ~ W. Farquhar, 1820, A.S B, Z, Skull jUve haat Dr. McCosn, 1837, A.S.B. m., Skin and skull Malacca E. Lindstedt, 1848. A.S.B. impf. foet. Genus EQUUS. Equus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 100 (1766). Asinus, Gray Ann. Philos., xxvi, p. 397 (1825)*. The two Indian wild asses, the Kiang of Thibet and the Ghor- khur of Cutch, resemble each other very closely, and there does not seem to be, judging either by the descriptions published of the two animals or by examination of the few skulls in the Museum, any real distinction between the two. For convenience however, the synonymy ofthe twoforms has been separated under the headings of Equus heemionus var. indicus and E. hemionus var. kiang. Equus hemionus. Var, A.—typicus. “ Onager,” Pallas Act, Acad, Petrop., 1777, pt. 2, p. 258, pls. xi, xii. EQUUS. 199 Equus hemionus, Pallas Nov, Comm, Acad. Petrop., xix, p. 304, pl. vii, (1775); Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 293; Severtsof’ Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), xviii, p. 387; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 61; Radde Zool, $. B., p- 1057. Var. B.—indicus. Equus hemionus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. (1823) ; Is. Geoffr. St. Hil. Ann, Mus, Paris, iv, p. 77; pl. viii*; Sykes P. Z. S., 1837, p, 91; Hutton and Blyth F. A. S. B., xv, p. 145; Gray P. Z, S., 1849, p.29 ; Blyth F. A. S. 8., xxvi, p. 239; Blanford Persia, p. 84. Asinus onager, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M,, iii, p. 269 (1852); Murray Zool. Sind p. 54. Equus onager, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 229; id. Cat., p.135; Ferdon Mamm., p. 236; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xli, p. 228; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., P- 399. Asinus indicus, P, L, Sclater P. Z. S., p. 163 (1862). Var. C.—kiang. Equus kiang, Moorcroft’s Travels, i, p. 312 (1841) ; Hodgson §. A. S. B., xi, p. 286; Gray P. Z. S., 1849, p. 29; Hay P.Z. S., 1859, p. 353, vl. Ixxiil ; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 13. Asinus polyodon, Hodgson Calc. Fourn. N. H., vii, p. 469, pl. vi (1847) ; id. ibid, viii, p. 98. Equus hemionus, Walker $. A.S. B., xvii, pt. ii, p. 1, pl. i (1848) ; Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., iii, p. 272; Cunningham Ladak, p. 195, pl. vi; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 229; Strachey F. A. S.B., xxix, p. 136; Blyth Cat., p. 136; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 401. ‘ Asinus hemionus, Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 531; P. L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 163. The Wild Ass; Kiang of Thibet; Ghorkhur, Hindustani ; Ghour, Persia. Distribution.—The typical variety originally described by Pal- las is found all over the Southern Siberian steppes and was got by Radde from the Trans-baikal province, and also in the Trans-cas- pian region. The Kiang is found plentifully in Western Thibet, extending over the Cashmir frontier in the upper vailey of the Indus. - The Ghorkhur (var. indicus) is found in Cutch and Rajpootana, west of Long. 75°, and extends through Afghanistan and Beluchis- tan to Persia, and is finally replaced by a fourth sub-species from which it is barely distinguishable, E. hemippus of Geoffroy. Var. B.—indicus. a, Skull Kandahar H. B. Lumsden, 1859, A.S.B. & Skull aves W. T. Blanford, 1882. ce. Skull, ske- g siete Zoological Gardens, 1877. leton, skin. d. Skull, ske- @ aches Zoological Gardens, 1877, leton. e. Skull, ske- g fates Zoological Gardens, 1878. leton. 200 MAMMALIA. Var. C.—kiang, a, Stuffed Thibet A. Campbell, A.S.B. 6. Stuffed juv. Thibet A. Campbell, A.S.B. c. Skeleton Thibet qq £ verses mted, d. Skull Thibet G. T. Lushington (1838), A.S.B. e. Skeleton osseas No history, A.S.B. impft. Equus burchelli. Asinus burchellii, Gray Zool. fourn., i. p. 247, pl. ix (1825); P. ZL. Sclater P. Z. S., 1865, pl. xxii. Equus zebroides, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 346 (1827). Burchell’s Zebra. Distribution —South Africa, extending northwards to the Kili- manjaro district. a. Stuffed = anne ‘ W. Rutledge, 1884. é. Skeleton ¢ acess Babu H. M. Roy, 1883. and skin. Equus asinus. Equus asinus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i. p. 100 (1766) ; Blyth Cat., p. 135. Asinus vulgaris, Gray Zool. Fourn., i, p. 244 (1825). The Ass. Distribution.—Cosmopolitan in a domestic state. a. Stuffed (re J. Anderson, 1867, A.S.B. 6. Skull {Indian domestic race.] sieges’ e. Skull and Q so aanaee Zoological Gardens, 1879. skeleton impf. Equus caballus, Equus caballus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p.100 (1766); Blyth Cat., P. 135. The Horse. Distribution.—Cosmopolitan in a domestic state; a closely al- lied truly feral form (Equus przewalskii) has been recently dis- covered by Przewalsky in the deserts of Central Asia and has been described by Poliakof, of whose paper a translation will be found in the Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 16. eg. 7Skulls aaa, No history, A.S.B. A. Skull, skelee shbwa Messrs. T. Smith & Co.,, ton. 1866. : RHINOCEROS. 201 j. Skull, skele- [Burma pony] 1866. ton. & Skull, Q@ [Arab, gray] Sir J. Fayrer, 1872. skeleton, - Z, Skull [Pony “Lucknow ”] Sir J] Fayrer. m. Skull Q [Iceland pony] W. Rut'edge, 1870. nm. Skull juv. tea ae A.S.B. o. Skull, , ne TT Rajah R. Mullick, 1876. skeleton. * pd Skull [Waler Roan pony] A.S.B. g Skull, Q [Shetland pony ] W. Rutledge, 1872. skeleton and skin. vy Feet of an suave . Purchased, 1870. Arab with extra toes. 7 s. Skeleton g [Waler Gelding] W. King 1888. mted, Genus RHINOCEROS. Rhinoceros, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 104 (1766). Ceratorhinus, Gray P.Z.S., p. 1021 (1867). Type R. sumatrensis, Key of the Indian Species. a. With one horn only, skull with the post-tympanic and post-glen- oid processes of the squamosal bone united for a consider- able extent below the meatus auditorius. 4. Upper lip rounded off; the posterior neck-fold does not unite with the anterior one to form a saddle; skull with the vomer anchylosed to the skull, and with basi-sphenoid and basi-occipital bones wide and flattened. R. unicornis, p 202. 8?, Upper lip produced into a short proboscis; the posterior neck-fold unites with the anterior one to form a saddle on the neck; skull with the vomer ending freely posteri- orly in a jagged point frequently broken off; the basi- sphenoid and basi-occipital very much narrowed and steep at the sides; an ossified mesethmoid present. R. sondaicus, p. 202. a*, With two horns, skull with the post-tympanic and post-glenoid processes of the squamosal separated so as to form an open groove, c. Ears hairy inside; no long fringe of hairs along the ear - conch ; skull narrow and tooth row short. R. sumatrensis, p. 204. ec, Ears not hairy inside, a long fringe of hairs along the edge of the ear conch; skull broader and with a longer tooth row. R, lasiotis, p. 204. 202 MAMMALIA. Rhinoceros unicornis. Rhinoceros unicornis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 104 (1766); Gray P. Z. S., p. 1010 (1867); P.L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. ° 645, pl. xcv; Flower P. Z. S., 1876, p. 454. Rhinoceros indicus G. Cuvier Menagerie du Mus. Hist. Nat. (1801)* ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxx, p. 194; id. F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 151; id. Cat, p. 136; Ferdon Mamm., pv. 232, Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlix, p. 135; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 407. i Rhinoceros asiaticus, Blumenbach Handb. Naturg., 12thed., p. 107 (1830). Rhinoceros stenocephalus, Gray P. Z.S,, p. 1018 (1867). The Indian Rhinoceros; Genda or Gonda, Hind.; Gor in Assam. Distribution.—The Terai and country between the Himalayas and the Ganges; from Rohilkund (Jerdon) in the west to Assam; it was formerly plentiful in the Purneah district, but now seems to be almost confined to the Doars to the east of the Teesta River. a. Stuffed and ¢ Purneah dist. G. W. Shillingford, 1871. bones of feet. 6. Skeleton @ ‘Barrackpore Park” Medical College Mus. [Ex.], mted. 1879. ce. Skullyskeleton Gauhati, Assam F. T. Pollok, 1870. incomplete. d. Skullskele- 9 nenene Zoological Gardens, 1880. ton. e. Skullskele- 9 tenes Rajah of Kuch Behar, 1879. ton. Sf. Skull sneawe A.S.B. g. Skull sas A.S.B. hk. Skull @ Nepal Terai Sir E. Baring, 1875. gj. Skull Nepal Terai Sir E. Baring, 1875. k. Skull sisted No history. Z, Skull wesiies Rajah R. Mullick, 1871. m. Skull seiisea W. T. Blanford, 1879. a. Skull eevee A.S.B. o Skull have A.S.B. p. Skull Gauhati, Assam Mus Coll., 1868. qg. 3 Hoofs Nepal Terai J. Anderson, 1880. 7. Stuffed juv. rary) A.S.B. and skele- ton. Rhinoceros sondaicus, Rhinoceros sondaicus, Desmarest Mamm., ii, p. 399 (1822); Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate; Miiller and Schlegel, Tem. Verhandl., p. 184, pl. xxxiii; Blyth F A. S. B, xxxi, p. 151; id. Cat., p. 137; Ferdon Mamm., p. 234; P.L. Sclater, P. Z. S., 1874, p. 182, pl. xxviii; Fraser F. A. S. B., xliv, p. 10, pl. v; P. L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 649, pl. xcvi; Flower P.Z. S., 1876, p.454; Blyth F. A S. B., xliv, Burma List, p.50; Rainey P. A. S. B., 1878, p. 139; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 410. Rhinoceros javanicus F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. 45, with plate (1824); Gray P.Z. S., p. 1009 (1867). f RHINOCEROS. 203 Rhinoceros floweri, Gray P. Z. S., p. 1015 (1867). Rhinoceros nasalis, Gray P.Z. S., p. 1012 (1867). The Sondaic Rhinoceros. Distribution.—The Sunderbunds and formerly the Rajmahal hills in Bengal; Assam, south of the Brahmaputra and Burma, extending southwards through Tenasserim and the Malay penin- sula to Sumatra, Java and Borneo, The comparison of the very fine collection of skulls in the list below, shows that there is no discernable distinction between the Sondaic Rhinoceros of the Sunderbunds, of Tenasserim, and of Java; the skull from Java, though very aged, shows no points of distinction from that of the Sunderbunds. The ossified meseth- moid (c.f. Fraser J. A. S. B., xliv, p. 10) is present in only two of the skulis in the collection; in one or two others, however, there are traces of where it should have been, but it has evidently dropped off in the cleaning of the skull; there can be little doubt that it will be found in all carefully cleaned skulls. The mesethmoid does not appear ever to be ossified in Rhinos- ceros unicornis. The large stuffed female “a” in the list below shows no trace of a horn, whether this is a constant characteristic of the female of this species or not, it is impossible to state without further evidence ; several people, however, who have seen this species alive, confirm this; Blyth asserted that there was no sexual differences in R. uni- cornis and R. sondaicus; if therefore the female of R. sondaicus has no horn this is not correct. a. Stuffed, ske-9 Sunderbunds O. L. Fraser and J. F. Barcke leton, ley, 1874. b. Stuffed, 9 juv. Sunderbunds J. F. Barckley, 1872. skeleton, c. Skeleton Q Jessore dist. J. H. Barlow, 1834, A.S.B. d. Skeleton a Seetens Babu H. M. Roy, 1884. e. Skeleton, ¢juv. eaiies Purchased, 1880. skin, Jf. Skeleton, 9 juv. snr W. Rutledge, 1881. skin. g. Skeleton, g juv. ese W. Rutledge, 1879. skin, h. Skeleton, 9 juv. weheoes W. Rutledge, 1880. skin. j Skull = @juv. saitiges W. Rutledge, 1875. &. Skin g juv. rere No history. 2. Skull saree’ N. Wallich, A.S.B. m. Skull Tenasserim Sir T. H. Maddock, 1842, A.S.B. n. Skull Tavoy Point Genl. Fytche, 1861, A.S.B. o. Skull % ies A.S.B. ‘ ge. Skull Java Batavian Soc., 1846, A.S.B. g. Skull Sunderbunds W. W. Shepperd, 1867. r. Skull = fjuv. Po) Zoological Gardens, 204 MAMMALIA. s. Skull and g Matabangah R., Sunder- Purchased, 1875. feet bones. bunds. z. Skull Q Chillichang Creek, Sun- Capt. Charling. derbunds. u. Skeleton wine No history (1869). ov. Lower jaw gaa No history. w. Lower jaw sioea No history. Rhinoceros lasiotis. ? ee crossii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 250 (1854); Blyth P. Z.S., p. 306 1861). Rhinoceros sumatrensis, afud Anderson P. Z. S., p. 129 (¥872). Rhinoceros lasiotis, P, L. Sclater P. Z. S., pp. 493, 791, pl. xxiii_(1872) ; id. P. Z. S., 1875, p. 566; id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), X, p. 299; id. Trans, Zool. Soc., ix, p. 652, pl. xcviii; Flower P. Z. S., 1876, p. 455; id. P.Z. S., 1878, p. 634. Rhinoceros sumatranus, apud Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), X, p. 208 (1872). ? Ceratorhinus crossii, Blyth F.A.S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 51 (1875) The Hairy-eared Rhinoceros, Distribution.—The Chittagong and Tipperah Hills; this species is replaced by the next in the Malay peninsula and the line of division between the two is not actually made out, but probably this species will be found to be the one distributed all over Burma. [No specimen in the Museum.] Rhinoceros sumatrensis. ‘‘ Double-horned Rhinoceros of Sumatra,’ Bell Phil. Trans., p. 3, pls. ii, iii, iv (1793). Rhinocero ssumatrensis, Cuvier Regne An., i, ist ed,p. 240 (1817); P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1872, p- 790, pl. Ixvii; Bartlett P. Z. S., 1873, p- 104, pl. xi; P. ZL. Sclater. Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 650, pl. xcvii. Rhinoceros sumatranus, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 208 (1822); Muller and Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 190, pl. xxxiv; Blyth F. A. S.B., xxxi, p- 151; id, Caz. p. 137. 3 Rhinoceros sondaicus, apud F. Cuvier Hist, Nat. Mamm. lior. 47, with plate (1825). ; ‘ Ceratorhinus sumatranus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 1021 (1867); id. Ann. Mag. NV. H. (4), xi, p. 357. Ceratorhinus crossii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), X, p- 209 (1872). Ceratorhinus sumatrensis, Garrod P. Z. S., p. 92 (1873); Flower P. Z.S. 1876, p. 455; Blyth $. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 52; Flower P. Z. Sy, 1880 p. 69. Ceratorhinus niger, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), 8i, p- 357: Ceratorhinus blythii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), 8i; P- 360. The Two-horned Rhinoceros. . Distribution.—The Malay peninsula and South Tenasserim ?; the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo. The skulls of the two-horned Rhinoceros in the Museum do not show any very appreciable variation with the exception of two formerly in the collection of the Asiatic Society ; these two skulls, RHINOCEROS. 205 however, have no recorded history and it is, therefore, impossible to say whence they came. One of these skulls is remarkable for being much broader than all:the others; the other, which, although narrower than the first, is still broader than all the others, is more remarkable still for the extreme length of the tooth row. As these are the differences specially pointed out by Prof. Flower (P. Z. S., 1878, p. 634) between the Tipperah skull which was supposed to have belonged to an example R. lasiotis and the typical Sumatran skulls, it seems probable that these two skulls may also be referable to R. lasiotis. a. Stuffed andg ‘ Singapore” W. Rutledge, 1875. skull. 6, Skeleton Q@ Malacca Purchased, 1875. mted. c. Skin, skele- 9 seeaee W. Rutledge, 1879. ton. d. Skeleton gjuv. Malacca Purchased, 1875. e. Skeleton anslewe Zoological Gardens, 1889. f- Skeleton (skull Malacca Dr. Maingay, 1867. impt.) g. Skull (with g¢ Tenasserim E, O'Reilly, 1847, A.S.B. limb bones), h. Skull & Tenasserim oe H. Maddock, 1842, S.B. 7. Skull Tenasserim a a H. Maddock, 1842, .S.B, k. Skull toseee No history, A.S B. Z. Skull No history, AS.B. m. Skull No history. nm. Skull No history. o. Skin, skull 9 “Singapore” W. Rutledge, 1885, juv. p. Pt. of skull Upper Martaban g- Nasal bones Sumatra? r. Two horns Akyab attached. s. Skeleton tonnes E. Blyth, 1861, AS.B. Miss Lloyd, A.S.B. Sir P. Sladen, 1877. Zoological Gardens (18809). Rhinoceros bicornis. Rhinoceros unicornis, var. bicornis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 104 (1766). Rhinoceros bicornis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 57 (1788); P. L. Sclater Trans. Zool. Soc., ix, p. 655, pl. xcix ; Selous P. Z. S. 1881, p. 725. Rhinoceros africanus, Desmarest, Mamm., p. 400 (1820); Blyth Cat., p. 138. Ridssectos keitloa, A. Smith S. African Zool. pl. i (1849); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 243. Distribution.—South Africa, extending northwards to Abyssinia. a-b, 2 Anterior horns tones W.S. Sherwill, 1843, A.S.B. 206 MAMMALIA. Rhinoceros simus. Rhinoceros simus, Burchell Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 96 (1817)*; A. Smith S. African Zool., pl. xix ; Blyth Cat., p. 138; Selous P. Z. S., 1881, p. 725, pl. Ixii. Distribution.—South Africa. a. Anterior horn sua W.S. Sherwill, 1843, A.S. B. Order PROBOSCIDEA. Animals of large size provided with a long flexible proboscis with finger-like prehensile tip; no clavicles ; radius and ulna per- manently crossed ; tibia and fibula complete ; hind-legs pillar-like, femur vertical when standing; manus and pes each consisting of five digits united but separately hoofed; in the skull the jugal bones form the middle of the zygoma only; nasals very short; large and extensive frontal sinus present; tusks are permanent incisors with persistent pulps, but with no enamel; placenta deciduate and zonary. Genus ELEPHAS. Elephas, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 48 (1766). Elephas indicus. Elephas indicus, Linneus Mus. Frid. Adolph., i, p. 11 (1754)*; Cuvier Tab. Element d Hist. Nat., p, 148 (1798)*; Corse As. Res., iii, p. 29; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 219; Blyth Cat., p.134; Ferdon Mamm., p. 229; Fohnstone P. A. S. B., 1868, p. 127. Elephas maximus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed, i, p. 48 (1766) [pt.] Elephas asiaticus, Blumenbach Handbuch der Naturges., 12th ed., p. 106 (1830). The Indian Elephant; Hasti or Gaja, Sanscrit; Gaj, Bengali; Hati, Hind.; Ani in South India; Allia, Cingalese; Shanh, Burmese. Distribution —The peninsula of India, especially the Western Ghats; the Terai region of the Himalayas, Assam, Cachar, Burma and Siam, extending southwards to the Malay peninsula. In Ceylon and Sumatra elephants are also found, but it seems doubtful whether they are a distinct species or not. Professor Schlegel in a paper published in the Academy of Sciences of Holland (Verslagen en Med. der Koninklj. Acad. van Vetens. Afd. Natuurkunde, 1861, p. 101) a translation of which ap- peared in the Natural History Review, II, p. 72, 1862, has pointed out the distinctions between the true Indian Elephant and that in- habiting the Islands of Ceylon and Sumatra. ELEPHAS. 207 The differences seem to resolve themselves into the two follow- ing points of distinction: the laminz of the molar teeth are wider in E. sumatranus and approach those of E. africanus ; there are in E. sumatranus 20 dorsal vertebrae and 19 pairs of ribs, while in E. indicus the numbers are respectively 19 and 18. With regard to the size of Elephants, Sanderson has main- tained both in his book “ Thirteen Years among the Wild Beasts” and elsewhére that no elephant has ever exceeded 11 feet when measured in the ordinary way at the shoulder. The largest ever measured by Sanderson, who has certain- ly had vast experience, was one belonging to the Sirmoor Rajah, which was 10 feet 73 inches at the shoulder. The elephant, whose skeleton is mounted in the Museum Gallery (‘‘a” in the list) certainly exceeds this limit; a plumb line drop- ped from a bar placed on the anterior dorsal vertebrae just above the scapule makes him no less than 11 feet 3 inches, so that in life he must have measured several inches more. Flower mentions in his ‘‘ Catalogue of the Osteologival Speci- mens in the Royal College of Surgeons,” Part II, Mammalia, P- 443, a very large femur and humerus, measuring respectively 112 c.m, and go c.m., which is roughly equal to 43 and 35 inches; the femur and humerus of the large elephant “a” in the list measure respectively 477 and 39 inches. a. Skeleton @ Bilkandi, Sonthal W. M. Smith, 1870. mted. Pergunnahs, b. Skeleton ¢@ sciine King of Oude, 1839, A.S.B. mted. ¢, Stuffed, jav. snes Commissariat Department, skeleton 1877. a. Skeleton, ¢ Garo Hills Purchased, 1877. skull, e. Skeleton ¢ W. Rutledge, 1874. Jf. Skeleton, ¢ W. Rutledge, 1881. skin. g. Skeleton, ¢. aries G. P. Sanderson [Ex.], 1881, imft. hk. Skin, skull $ sees Zoological Gardens, 1877. je Skin & = Tikri Killah, Garo’ G. P. Sanderson, 1886. juv. Hills. k. Skull 2 ju, wean W. Rutledge, 1874. 2. Skull é evaces G. P. Sanderson, 1885. uv. m, Skull _¢ atin G. P. Sanderson, 1885. juv. n. Skull, é ssaises W. Rutledge, 1876. skeleton juv. o. Skull — foetal eaten Capt. Johnstone, 1868. p. Splitskull aa : A.S.B. q-7. 2 Tusks iPiigee General Bhima Sinha, 1836, A.S.B. o. Tusk ¢ aegaes R. Home, A.S.B. 208 MAMMALIA, #. Tusk (gnaw- siadee H. B. Medilicott, 1878. ed by Porcu- pines) u-x. 4Tusks ¢ neehee Capt. Johnstone, 1868, y. Tusk 2 desiete A.S.B. gz. Milk tusk ean ASB. a, Tusk Garo Hills G. P. Sanderson, 1879. 3. Pr. of tusks as siau A. J. Shillingford, 1888. (Mukna) g c?, Concretion aastias ASB, in tusk. d*, Pt. of tusk sadaee A.S.B. with rifle ball im- bedded. e*, Several molar nes No history. teeth. ‘ f*-g?. 2 Molars Kapatakshi R., Babu S. Banerjee, 1888. Koolna dist. -h3, Molar teeth oot No history. of a foetal specimen. Elephas africanus. Elephas maximus Linneus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 48 (1766) [pt.] Elephas africanus, Blumenbach Handb. der Naturges. (1779)*; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 258. lophas capensis, G. Cuvier Tabl. Element, d’ Hist. Nat., p. 142 (1798)*. Distribution.—Africa generally, south of the Sahara. a, Skeleton ¢ eeeeea W. Rutledge, 1883. juv. 6. Skull Kokai, Lebkavalley W. T. Blanford, 1867. Abyssinia. ce. Tusk Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1867, d. 4 Molars asewes No history, A.S.B. Order HYRACOIDEA., There are no representatives of this order in the Indian Region, so no definition is given. Genus HYRAX. Hyrax, Hermann Tab, Affinit. Anim., p., 115 (1783). Hyrax capensis. Cavia capensis, Pallas Spic. Zool., ii, p. 16 (1767). Hyrax capensis, Hermann Tab. Affinit. Anim., p. 115 (1783); Blyth Cat. p- 138. Distribution.—South Africa. HYRAX, 209 a-b. Stuffed, @&Q aaa W.S. Sherwill, A.S B. e-d. Stuffed juve oa W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. e. Skull Spitz-koff Mt. S. W.S. Sherwill,A.S.B. Africa. Ff Skull eens W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. ‘gs Skull juv. er W.S. Sherwill, A.S.B. h. Skin pea No history, A.S.B. Hyrax brucei. Hyrax brucei, Gray Ann, Mag. N. H., (4), i, pe 44 (1868); Blanford P.Z.S., 1869, p. 642; id. Abyssinia, p. 252. Hyrax alpini, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., (4), i, p- 45 (1868). Hyrax eee et irroratus, Gray Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), iii, p. 242 (1869). Distribution.—The Abyssinian Highlands. uw. Skin Q Adigrat, Abyssinia, W.T. Blanford. 8,000 ft., 26-4-68. 6. Skin Anseba valley, Abyssie W. T. Blanford. nia, 4,000 ft, 7-68. e. Skull Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1868. d. Skeleton Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 1868. e. Skin Adigrat Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 8,000 ft., 7-4-68. f Skin Adigrat, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford. 8,000 ft., 24-4-68. g-h, 2Skinsjuv.g Adigrat, Abyssinia, W. ¥. Blanford. g 8,000 ft. 24-4:68. j» Skin Abyssinia W. T. Blanford. PR. Skin Somali land J. H. Speke, 1855, A.S.B, Order CARNIVORA. Mammalia with hairy bodies; with clavicles incomplete or wanting ; radius and ulna, tibia and fibula complete; radiale and intermedium fused ; no centrale ; manus and pes with five digits ; thumb never opposable; terminal phalanges armed with sharp claws; skull with strong occipital ridges, wide zygomata, and generally incomplete orbital ring; nasals large and thin ; glenoid cavity transversely elongated to which the mandibular condyle corresponds, thus limiting the motion of the lower jaw to a verti- cal movement; dentition heterodont and diphyodont; teeth simply coated with enamel, not compound ; incisors 2 generally; in some forms the last enlarged premolar of the upper jaw and the first molar of the lower have trenchant edges and act as a pair of scissors and are called the sectorials; placentation zonary. Sub-order I. FISSIPEDIA, Terrestrial carnivora with manus and pes rarely webbed but bearing well-developed claws; hind-limbs and tail free ; pinnze of ear well developed ; incisors 3. 210 MAMMALIA. Synopsis of Indian Genera. a. Digitigrade with retractile or partially retractile claws; skull with the condylar foramen confluent with the foramen lacerum posterius; the paroccipital process applied to the bulla; mastoid process obsolete ; last upper premolar and first lower molar generally sectorial. [= Aeluroidea.] 6. With only 2 lower premolars; no alisphenoid canal ; bulla not externally constricted or internally divided ; metatarsus hairy. [=Felidae.] ce. Claws completely retractile ; inner cusp of upper sectorial moderate. Felis, p. 212. c, Claws incompletely retractile; inner cusp of upper sec- torial radimentary. Cynaelurus, p. 235. 6, With 3 lower premolars ; alisphenoid canal present (except Viverricula) ; bulla externally constricted and internally divided ; metatarsus hairy or naked. = [= Viverridae.] d, Claws strongly curved and more or less retractile ; bulla not posteriorly everted ; prescrotal glands present; anus not generally opening into a sac, é, Tarsus and metatarsus entirely hairy; ears never tufted. f. A second upper molar present, g. Alisphenoid canal present. Viverra, p. 235. g”. Alisphenoid canal absent. Viverricula, p. 238. f*. No second upper molar. Prionodon, p. 239. é&. Tarsus and metatarsus half bald; ears not tufted. h. Teeth small ; hinder part of the alveolar margin of the mandible crested. Arctogale, p. 241. #*, Teeth large; hinder border of mandible not crested. Paradoxurus, p. 242. é5. Tarsus absolutely naked ; ears tufted ; tail prehensile. Arctictis, p. 249, d@, Claws elongated, not retractile ; bulla posteriorly everted ; canines large ; no prescrotal glands; anus opening into a sac, Herpestes, p. 25¢. CARNIVORA, 211 48, With 3 lower premolars; no alisphenoid canal; bulla not divided or constricted, with only a rudiment of a septum ; metatarsus hairy ; claws blunt and not retractile. [=Hyaenidae.] Hyaena, p. 258. a*, Digitigrade, with non-retractile claws; condylar foramen dis- tinct from the foramen lacerum posterius; paroccipital process closely applied to the bulla ; clavicles rudimentary ; last upper premolar and first lower molar sectorial. . [=Cynoidea.] A. A sinus in the frontal bone, postorbital process large, thick and swollen and bent down at the tip. : j» With only two true molars in the lower jaw, ze. the lower sectorial and one other; contour of facial line convex. Cuon, p. 260. j*. With a complete set of three true molars in the lower jaw ; contour of the facial line generally concave. . Canis, p. 261. #?, No sinus in the frontal bone; skull slight and elongate ; postorbital processes thin, concave above, spread out more or less horizontally. Vulpes, p. 267. a*, Plantigrade with generally non-retractile claws; skull with the condylar foramen distinct from the foramen lacerum posterius ; paroccipital process widely separated from the bulla ; mastoid process very large ; auditory bulla not round- ed or divided ; no caecum. [=Arctoidea.] k. With no alisphenoid canal ; molars } or2., [=Mustelidae.] 1, Kidneys simple; feet short, digitigrade partially webb- ed; claws short, often semi-retractile ; dentition, sectorial. m. Premolars four above and below; lower sectorial with an inner tubercle ; habits arboreal. Mustela, p. 273. m*, Premolars three above and below ; lower sectorial with no inner tubercle ; habits terrestrial; Putorius, p. 276. P, Kidneys simple ; feet elongated ; toes straight; claws non-retractile, blunt ; habits terrestrial and fossorial. P2 212:- MAMMALIA. - n, First upper molar as broad as long; with pig-like stiout ; palate produced back, level with the glenoid surface. Arctonysx, p. 290. n*, First upper molar much broader than long. o. External ear present; molars, p. m. 4 m. 4 Helictis, p. 284. o*, No external ear; molars, p. m.# m. 2. Mellivora, p. 287. 4 B. Kidneys conglomerate; feet short and rounded; toes webbed; claws small, curved and blunt; upper posterior molar large and quadrate ; habits aquatic. Lutra, p. 291. #, With an alisphenoid canal; ‘true molars 2 obtusely tuberculated ; dentition not sectorial. Aelurus, p. 300. #3. With an alisphenoid canal; kidneys conglomerate ; true molars~2 longer than broad; dentition not sec- torial; feet completely plantigrade. [= Urside.] p. Six incisors in upper jaw; snout not much produced. Ursus, p. 301. p’. Four incisors in upper jaw; snout considerably pro- duced. Melursus, p. 306. Genus FELIS. Felis, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 60 (1766). Type, F. leo. Leo, Tigris, Leopardus, Caracal, Chaus et Lynchus, Gray List Mamm. B, ., pp. 39-46 (1843). Types, F. leo, F, tigris, F. leopardus, F. caracal, F. chaus et F. canadensis. : Uncia, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 394 (1854). Type, F. uncia. Ailurina, Gervais Hist. Nat. Mamm, ii, p.87 (1855)*. Type, F. planiceps. Neofelis, Catolynx et Viverriceps, Gray P. Z. S., pp. 265-268 (1867). Types, F. nebulosa, F. marmorata et F. viverrina. Serval, Pyrofelis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xiv, p. 352-4 (1874). Types, F. serval, F, temmincki. Key of the Indian Species. a. Cats proper with three upper premolars generally present, with a rounded ear-conch, and with a long tail. é. Cats with a concolorous coat, neither spots or stripes. c. Of large size; up to 1o feet in length; tail with a black brush ; nasal bones short, flat and not reaching so far back as the frontal processes of the maxillae. F, leo, p. 214 FELIS 213 e*. Of moderate size; colour varies from bright red to dark brown ; tail short, not brushed ; cheeks and forehead hori- zontally streaked with white and brown; faint traces of spots sometimes present on the flanks and abdomen. F, temmincki, p. 222. c8, Of small size; resembles the last, but is half the size ; skull of different shape, having narrow nasals, forming a ridge as in F. viverrina; anterior upper premolar large and two- rooted. F. planiceps, p. 222. 8? Cats of large size with vertical stripes. F, tigris, p. 216. 8*, Cats with clouded fur, ¢.e., with large spots or blotches ex- ceeding two inches in diameter. @. With very large canines, half the length of palate ; ground colour pale yellow to gray, clouded with black not spotted ; tail very long and thick ; of large size measur- ing 2 feet 2 inches to 3 feet 10 inches; skull long and narrow. F, nebulosa, p. 220. @*, With canines not half the length of palate; of small size ; skull short and rounded; nasal area very broad and flat ; orbit generally complete behind ; anterior upper premolar generally absent; external characters as in the last, with the same long, bushy tail; colour fulvous to gray, mottled with black. F, marmorata, p. 221. 4*, Cats with distinct spots. e. Of large size, up to 8 feet, with broad nasal bones. Ff. Ground colour yellow, covered with distinct black spots or rosettes. _ F, pardus, p. 218. /*. Ground colour white ; fur thick and bushy; spots not well defined except on the head; skull witha more swollen palate, flatter bulla, smaller paroc- cipital process and shorter, more lion-like nasals than the leopard. F. uncia, p. 217. e*, Of moderate or small size, less than 5 feet in length; the nasals form a more or less sharp ridge, and the part of the cheek formed by the mazxillae is con- cave. g. Large; grizzled gray with spots formed by longitu- dinal lines broken up; hind-quarters with small black spots ; tail short and thick, about one-third 214 MAMMALIA. the length of the head and body; skull with nasal region very much attenuated; orbits generally complete. F, viverrina, p. 225. g®. Moderate size; markings very variable, ground colour yellowish gray or bright yellow to white on abdomen, with irregular dark brown blotches; tail spotted and long, about 3 the length of head and body; skull shorter and rounder and with only slightly attenuated nasals; three upper premolars present; orbits incomplete behind. F. bengalensis, p. 223. g*. Small; colour grizzled gray with reddish-brown spots ; tail unspotted; skull short and rounded as in F. bengalensis, but with the nasals con- siderably more attenuated; orbit complete be- hind; only two upper premolars. F, rubiginosa, p. 225. a*. Lynxine group with pencilled ear-conch; generally only two upper premolars ; a short tail; orbits incomplete behind. h. Tail extremely short, one-quarter of length of head and body and black tipped, not reaching the hocks; ears strongly pencilled ; skull with posterior nares very wide; no trace of the anterior premolar; inner lobe of upper sectorial tooth small. F, lynx, p. 229. #®, Tail reaching the hocks. j. Unspotted ; red with black ears, strongly pencilled; skull with small lobe to upper sectorial; nasal area flat; ante- rior premolar absent. F, caracal, p. 230. j*. Unspotted; ears yellow, black-pencilled, colour tawny ; legs with indications of transverse bars ; skull with inner lobe of sectorial well developed ; anterior premolar pre- sent or absent. F, chaus, p. 227. 7®. Spotted; pale yellow with regular small black spots ; tail ridged with black posteriorly ; ears with smal] brown pen- cil; skull resembles F, chaus. F. ornata, p. 226. Felis leo. Felis leo, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 60 (1766); Blyth Cat., p. 53; id. P. Z, S., 1863, p. 182; ¥erdon Mamm., p. 91; Blanford F. A. S. B., xxxvi, p. 189 ; G. King P. A. S. B., 1868, p. 198; Stolicska F. A. S.B., xli, p. 226; Blanford Persia, p.29; Ball P. A.S.B., 1881, p. 3; Elliot Monog. Felid@ no. i; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 159; Blanford Mammals, p. 56. Felis leo goojratensis, Smee Trans. Zool. Soc., i, p. 165, pl. xxiv (1833). Leo barbarus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 39 (1843). Leo nobilis, Gray P. Z, S., p. 263 (1867); id., Cat, Carn, Mamm., p. 9. FELIS. 215 ‘- The Lion; Hindustani, Sher, Singha; Persian, Shir; Bengali, Shingal ; Guzerat, Untia bag ; Kattywar, Sawach. Distribution.—Africa from Algeria to the Cape; Mesopotamia on the west flanks of the Zagros range and Persia south of Shiraz, but not on the tableland ; India (see notes below). _ The Lion was formerly more widely spread in India than it is at the present day. The districts in which it occurs or has occurred are Guzerat in the extreme west of India, Central Indiaand Bundelcund. Blanford in the Journal As. Soc., vol. xxxvi, p. 189, gives accounts of alion shot near Rewah in 1866; also of a lion stoned to death bya Mr. Arratoon of the Police at Sheorajpur, 25 miles west of Allaha- bad ; in the Asan newspaper of June 30th, 1885, Colonel Martin, of the Central India Horse, mentions that he and General Travers killed in 1860. two lions on a hill to the west of Goona in Gwalior ; and in 1862 he, with Colonel'Beadon, Deputy Commissioner, turned out and killed no less than eight lions at a place called Patulghur, 70 miles north-west of Goona. The last lion in Central India, of which I can find any record, was shot by Colonel Hall near Goona in 1873. Of the Lions of Guzerat, an exceedingly good account is given by Major General Rice in a book called “ Indian Game,” published in 1884. Ihave heard too of alion being killed in 1888 in Guzerat, so that it is evident that the lion is not extinct in India yet, although it seems probable that he soon will be. An account of the lion of Mount Abu (a skull of which is in the collection) is given by Dr. G. King (1d. ¢.). The skull of the lion is easily distinguished from that of the tiger by the two following points :— (1) In the lion the posterior processes of the nasal bones do not extend so far back as the frontal processes of the maxillz; in the tiger the posterior processes of the nasals extend back far beyond the frontal processes of the maxille. (2) In the lion the distance between the anterior parietal suture and the postorbital processes is much shorter than in the tiger, so that the former may be called a short-waisted skull as compared with the latter. There does not seem to be any differences in the teeth. a. Skin, skull ceases Babu H. M. Roy. 6. Skin, skull 9 juv. Kattywar Zoological Gardens. c. Skin, skull Q juv. suaieas Zoological Gardens. d. Stuffed’ f juv. wie Uiaies Zoological’ Gardens. e. Skeleton Algeria A. D. Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. S-h. 3 skulls benees E. Blyth, A.S.B. j. Skull S 6 avares People’s Park, Madras. &. Skull’ Q juv. Mount Abu, Rajputana G. King, 1868, 1, Skeleton a tense: Woombell’s Menagerie, m Skeleton é senses Zoological Gardens, nz, Skull juv, (newborn) teu O. L, Fraser, 216 MAMMALIA. Felis tigris. Felis tigris, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 2th ed., i, p. 61 (1766) ; Raftes Linn, Trans, . xili, p. 249; Sykes P. Z.S., 1831, p. 102; Elliot Madras Fourn, x, p. 104; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p..243; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 433 Blyth Cat., p.54; id. P.Z. S., 1863, p. 182; Ferdon Mamm., p. 92; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, pp. 19, 150; Schrenck Amurland Sdugeth., p. 90; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870 p, 626; Stolicska, ¥. A. S,B., xli, p. 226; Blyth §F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma list, p. 27; Blanford Persia, p. 34; Severtsof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 49; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 160; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 3 ; Dode P. Z.S., 1871, p. 480; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 161; Inverarity F. Bomb. Soc., iii, p. 143; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 53; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1009; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, p. 338; Blanford Mammals, p. 58. Tigris regalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 40 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll. 1st ed., p. 4; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, pe 513; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 10. The Tiger; Hind. Bagh, Pantayat bagh or Sher; Bengali, Gowagh or Salawagh; Marhatta, Wahag, Pultite wagh; Bundel- cund, Nahar; Telegu, Puli; Canarese, Huli; Lepch., Suhtong ; Bhot., Tukh; Gonds, Publiah; Sind, Sheendh; Tibet, Tagh; Burmese, Kya. Distribution From the Caucasus through Northern Persia (Blanford), Turkestan and Afghanistan, India, Assam, Lower and Upper Burma, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra, Java (Temminck), Borneo? extending through China (Swinhoe) and Manchuria to Amurland (Schrenck), In India found nearly everywhere from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin, but is not known from Ceylon. The largest skull in the collection is the one marked “z” from the Purneah District, presented by Mr. J. Shillingford; this skull measures 15 inches from the premaxille to the posterior end of the supraoccipital; across the zygomata 10°3 inches; and in height with the lower jaw 7'5 inches; the largest skin is “a” from Barrackpore Park which, from the tip of the nose to the end of the tai], measures 10 feet 1 inch or, without the tail, 7 feet; these of course are measurements from the dried skin and are probably therefore considerably larger than measurements taken from the animal in the flesh would have been. The size of tigers has been a source of much discussion, some authors, z.e. Mr. G. P. Sanderson and Dr. Jerdon believe that the tiger fairly measured never exceeds 10 feet and perhaps a few inches ; others maintain that 11 and 12 feet tigers are by no means uncommon. Sir J. Fayrer (Nature, xviii, p. 219) gives a good many well-authenticated cases of tigers well over 10 feet, among them is included the tiger, the measurement of whose skull is given above ; this, the Purneah large tiger measured 10 feet 8 inches according to Sir J. Fayrer; Sterndale discusses the question at some length in his book on the Indian Mammalia, he has worked FELIS. 217 out a formula by means of which the total length of a tiger can be calculated from the skull measurements; from the formula Mr. Sterndale calculates the length of the Purneah tiger to be 10 feet 10 inches. : There seems to be no doubt that the Bengal tiger is a larger and more lanky animal than the tiger of the Central Provinces and Southern India, though in an all round measurement (Sterndale, p. 167), the Southern Indian tiger sometimes has the advantage. The tiger of Central Asia and of Amurland is generally of a much richer colour with darker stripes, and the fur is very much more woolly, this can be seen very clearly in the case of the Afghan tiger brought home by Dr.:Aichison of the Afghan Boun- dary Commission now or lately living in the Zoological Society's Gardens in London. a. Skin, skull a 6. Skin @ juv. ce, Skin é d. Skin & juv. e. Skin, skull 9 juv. f. Skin, skeleton @ g. Skin Q juv. h, Stuffed head j. Stuffed Q juv. &. Skeleton 9 juv. 1, Skeleton 2 m, Skeleton, n, Skeleton é o. Skull Q juv. é. Skull & juv. q. Skull juv. 7. Skull é s. Skull Q zt, Skull é u. Skull a Skull w, Skull x, Skull y. Skull 2. Skull a*, Bones of feet 8, Skull ce, Alc., 9 juv. (1 day old). d®, Alc., foetus e*, Alc., foetus 1 Veroee weeeee Purneah, ‘Bengal Jessore, Bengal’ Mergui, Tenasserim ae nee Dehing, Assam Purneah, Bengal Gandhra, Rohtak Assam Felis uncia. Barrackpore Menagerie, W. Rutledge, 1875. W Rutledge, 1875. J F. Barckley, 1875. W. Rutledge, 1882, Purchased. W. Rutledge. Barrackpore Menagerie. W. Rutledge. No history. O. L. Fraser. J. Anderson. Barrackpore Menagerie. W. Rutledge. W. Rutledge. J. F. Barckley. Barrackpore Menagerie. A.S B. A.S.B. Barrackpore Menagerie, A.S.B. Ss Ss S. BE, J. Shillingford. Lahore Museum. E. Blyth, 1855, A.S.B. W. Rutledge. Purchased, A.S.B. Felis uncia, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 386, pl. c (1778) ; Blyth Cat., p. 58; ids P. Z. S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm., p. 101; Lydekker F. A. S.B., xlvi, p. 284; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p.19; id. Persia, p. 35; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 201; Dode P. Z,S., 1871, p. 480; Elliot Monog’s Felide no. 4; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 184; Blanford Mammals, p. 71. 218 MAMMALIA, Felis pardus, afud Pallas Zoog. Rosso As.,i., p. 17 (1811). Felis irbis, Ehrenberg Ann. Sci. Nat., xxi, p. 304 (1830); Radde Ost Siberien, i, p.104; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 96; Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p- 49; Milne Edwards Rech. Mamma, p. 213 Leopardus uncia, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 41 (1843); aa, Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 5. Uncia irbis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H.(2), xiv, p. 394 (1854); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 9. Felis uncioides, Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 105 (1855). Ounce or Snow Leopard; Simla, Burrel hay; Bhotea, Sah; Lepcha, Pahte; Tibetan, Tker, - Distribution.—All the high regions of Central Asia, Gilgit, Hunza (Scully), Turkestan, Trans-Baikalia, Amurland, Persia (Blanford), Western China (Milne Edwards). In India the ounce has only been got in thé higher ranges of the Himalayas, and, as a rule, not below an elevation of 8,000 feet. a. Skin, skull ohaite Sir A. W. Croft, 1883. &. Skin Leh Ladak H. J. Elwes, 1879. c. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. d. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. e. Stuffed sawed G. T. Lushington, 1845. Ff. Skull juv. Serikol, Kashgar F. Stoliczka. g. Skin, skull g Chaprot, Gilgit, 4-4-79 J. Scully. h. Skull Gilgit J. Scully. Felis pardus. Felis pardus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p. 61 (1766) ; Sykes P.Z. S., 1831, p- 102; Elliot Madras Fourn., x., p.106; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl. p. 29; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 46; Blyth Cat. no. 173, p- 55; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm., p. 97; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 23; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 628 ; Stoliczka F. A. S.B., xli, p. 226; Lydekker F. A. S.B., xlvi, p. 284; Blyth FA. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 27; Blanford Persia, p. 34; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 161; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 550; Danford and Alston P. Z.S., 1880, p. 51; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no.6; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 27; Sterndale Mamm. Ind. p. 179; Radde Zool. F. B., iv. p. 1010; Blanford Mammals, p. 67. Felis leopardus, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 509 (1777); Sykes P.Z.S., 1831, p. 102; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 243; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p.45; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 45. Felis panthera, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As., i, p. 18 (1811); Sterndale Mamm, Ind., p. 183. Felis melas, Desmavest Mamm., p. 223 (1820). Leopardus varius, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 40 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 5; Adams P. Z.S. 1858, P- 513- Felis tulliana, Valenciennes Comptes "Rend., xlii, p. 1039 (1856). Felis poecilura, Valenciennes ace Rend., xlii, p. 1036 (1856). Leopardus japonensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 262, pl. XXxiii (1862); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 11. Leopardus perniger, Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 3 (1863). Felis fontanieri, Milne Edwards Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. 6), viii, p. 375 (1867) ; id. Rech, Mamm., p, 208, pls, xxix-xxxi (1869). FELIS. 219 Leopardus chinensis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 264 (1867); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm p.1l. Leopardus pardus, Gray P, Z, S., p. 263 (1867); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm. p. Io. The Leopard or Panther ; Tendwa, Chita, Chitabagh, Sher, Gor- bacha, Hind; Beyhewe, Tahirhay, Segabaga, Ghurbag, Dheer hay, in the Himalayas; Asnee, Beebeerbagh, Mahrat.; Honiga, Kegkal, Canarese; Chinnapulli, Telegu; Burkel bille of Gonds; Sik, Tibetan ; Cooteal, Singalese; Kyamai, Keythit, Burmese. Distribution.—Africa generally, Asia Minor (Alston), Persia (Blanford), Baluchistan (Murray), India, Assam, Ceylon (Kela- art), Lower Burma, Upper Burma (Anderson), Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra and Java (Temminck), South China (Swinhoe); North China (Swinhoe, Gray and Milne Edwards). In India the leopard seems to be generally distributed from Sind (Murray) and the Himalayas throughout at moderate eleva- tions to the extreme south. There is a very large series of leopards’ skulls in the Museum, and from an examination of these it is manifest that no real speci- fic distinction can be drawn between the so-called Leopard and Panther. The skulls of the Leopard differ enormously in size, so that at first it seemed possible to separate them into two groups, a larger and smaller ; further examination, however, showed that there was a perfect gradation between the two extremes as the following measurements will show; Nos. 1 and 2 were the two extremes of the panthers, z.e., larger variety, Nos. 3 and 4 of the leopard or smaller variety :— ; Measurements in inches. In the list, Length, Palate length, me Aa Lower jaw. i yn 7°70 3°75 3'10 5'90 2. be) aa 6°95 3°50 2°70 5°23 3. ee 6'40 3°30 2°50 4°75 4. ge 5 80 2°80 2°45 4:20 These measurements on being reduced to a common base, ze., the total length of the skull being taken as 100, show that there is a progressive increase in the width of the brain-case, as the skull decreases in length, which is the character that has been given for the leopard’s skull as opposed to the panther. 1. ae age 100 48 27 76 2. i a” 100 50 30 75 3. As 100 51 39 74 4. tegen? 100 48 41 q2 220 MAMMALIA, a. Skin, skull ¢ saeeae Zoological Gardens, 1878. 6. Skin ¢@ juv. asians W. Rutledge, 1875. e Skin @ juv. sevens W. Rutledge, 1875. d, Skin Muangla, Sanda Valley, J. Anderson. Yunan, e. Skin Muangla, Sanda Valley, J. Anderson, Yunan, Ff. Skin, skull 9 sash Zoological Gardens, 1879. g. Skin,skeleton 2 acess W. Rutledge. 2 h. Skin So iar W. Rutledge. j. Staffed savisa No history, 1867. k. Stuffed ‘spas Barrackpore Menagerie,1869, 1, Skin and [Black var.] W. Rutledge, 1883. skull é m, Skin and (Black var.] Zoological Gardens, 1880. skull 2 n. Stuffed {Black var.] Assam. F. Jenkins, 1844. o. Skeleton @ aca Zoological Gardens. p- Skeleton 9 ise No history. juv. g. Skeleton haus Barrackpore Menagerie, 1847, .S.B. r-t. 3 Skulls erease No history, A. S. B. uw. Skull Sima hor peeves W. Rutledge. v. Skuil, skelet. Purneah, Bengal J. Shillingford. @ Skull aaa Zoological Gardens, 1882. x. Skull re Tre Rajah Rajendra Mullick, y. Skull ce W. Rutledge. z. Skull ae Zoological Gardens. @. Skull ae A.S. B. @. Skulljuv. see A.S.B. ce, Skeleton (Black var.] W. Rutledge. ad. Skeleton ae’ W. Rutledge. e*, Skull i 3 G. King. F*% Skull ail cae W. Rutledge. g*. Alc. still a $i Zoological Gardens. born. h®, Alc. juv. ae, Zoological Gardens. ?, Skull juv. Muangla, Yunnan J. Anderson. Felis nebulosa. Felis nebulosa, Griffith Descrip. Vert. p. 37 |(1821)*; id. An, Kingd.,-v, p. 164 (1827); Blanford Mammals, p. 72, Felis diardi, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 2nd ed., iv, p. 437 (1823)* ; Blyth P. Z.S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm., p. 102; Elliot Monog. Felide, no. 7, Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 185. Felis macrocelis, Horsfield Zool. fournal, i, p. 542, pl. xxi (1825) ; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhondl., p.29; Blyth ¥. A. S.B.,xliv, Burma List, p. 27; Spearman Burma Gazett. p. 550; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 228 & 628. Felis sp., Tickell $. A. S. B., xii, p. 814 (1843). Felis macroceloides, Hodgson Calc. Fourn. N. H., iv, p. 286 (1844); Blyth Cat., no. 175. p. 58; Gray Cat. Hodgs, Coll., ist ed., p. 5; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll, and ed., p. 3. . FELIS. 221 Uncia macrocelis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 304 (1854). Uncia macroceloides, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), Xiv, p. 394 (1854). Leopardus brachyurus, Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 352 (1862). Felis brachyura, Blyth P. Z. S., p. 183 (1863). Neofelis brachyurus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 266 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 14. Neofelis macrocelis, Gray P, Z. S., p. 266 (1867); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 13. The Clouded Tiger; Tungmar, Lepch.; Zik, Bhotea.; Lamchitta, Khas tribe of Nepal; Thit-kyoung, Burmese. Distribution.—The Himalayas from Nepal (Hodgson) to Sikkim and Assam, ‘hills of Burma and Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra Java, Borneo (Miller), Formosa (Swinhoe), This species has received a great many different names; the name used here, .c., F. nebulosa, which is apparently the oldest, was recently rediscovered by Mr. Blanford, and, as he has adopted it in his hand-book on Indian Mammals, it has been used here. «. Skin, skull g Sibsagar, Assam Zoological Gardens. (S. E. Peal.) 6, Skin, skelet. einines W. Rutledge, 1886, g ¢e. Skin 3 ee W. Rutledge, 1882. d. Stuffed Sikkim E. B. Ryan, 1843, A. S. B. e. Stuffed Sikkim B. H. Hodgson, A. S. B. Ff Skeleton 2 2 oan W. Rutledge, 1882, g. Skull Labong, Bt. Sikkim Purchased, 1876. Felis marmorata. Felis marmorata, Martin P. Z. S., p. 107 (1836); Cantor $. A. S. B., xv, p. 244; Blyth Cat., no.177, p- 59; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 183; Ferdon Mamm. p-104; Elliot Monog. Felide, no. 8; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 188; Blanford Mammals, p. 74. Felis diardi, apud Fardine Nat. Libr., ii, p. 221 (1837). Felis longicaudatus, Blainville Osteog., ii, Felis, p. 47 (1839-64). Leopardus marmoratus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42}(1843). Felis chaltoni, Gray Ann. Mag, N. H., xviii, p. 211 (1846); Blyth Cat., P: 59, no. 176. Felis ogilbi, Hodgson Calc. Fourn, N. H., viii, p. 44 (1846). Uncia marmorata, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., (2), xiv, p. 394 (1854). Uncia chaltoni, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xiv, p. 394 (1854). Leopardus dorsul, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 3 (1863). Catolynx marmoratus, Gray P. Z.S., p. 267 (1867) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p-16, : Catolynx chaltoni, Gray P, Z. S. p. 268 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 16. 3 P Felis scripta, Milne Edwards Rech, Mamm., p. 341, pls. lvii, lviii, fig. 1 (1874). Distribution —Himalayas from Sikkim to Assam, Burma to Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra (Haagen), Java? and perhaps is the same as Milne Edwards’ Felis scripta from East Thibet. 222 MAMMALIA, The Marbled Cat; Bhotea, Sikmar; Lepcha, Dosal. a, Skin soetee W. Rutledge, 1881. 6. Skin, skull g Bhootan W. Rutledge, 1874, ce. Skin, skelet. saline W. Rutledge, 1882. d, Skin, skull senees W. Rutledge, 1881. e. Skin, skelet.@ see . W. Rutledge, 1885. Jf. Skin Samagooting, Assam = Mus. Coll., Shaik Kureem. g. Stuffed Malacca Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1845, A.S.B. h. Stuffed Malacca Rev. F. J. Lindstedt 1845, A.S.B. j. Skin, skull 9 kine Zoological Gardens. Felis temmincki. Felis temminckii, Vigorsand Horsfield Zool. fourn., iii, p. 451, pl, xxii sup. (1828) ; Elliot Monog. Felid@ no. 15; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 551 . Blanford Mammals, p. 75. Felis moormensis, Hodgson Gleanings in Science, iii, p. 177 (1831); id. P. Z. S., 1832, p. 10; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 49. Leopardus moormensis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 41 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coil., 1st ed, p. 5. Felis aurata, apud Blyth P. Z.S., p. 185 (1863); ¥erdon Mamm., Pp. 107; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1867, p. 816, pl. xxxv; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 181. Felis nigrescens, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed, p. 4 (1863). Leopardus auratus, Gray P. 2. S., p. 265 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 12. The Golden or Fire Cat; Nepal, Murmi. Distributions —Himalayas at moderate elevations from Nepal and Sikkim to the Tipperah hills, Burma, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra? . a. Skin, skull @ sea O. L. Fraser, 1880. 6. Skin, skull g Tipperah Hills, Beng. Zoological Gardens, 1878. ce. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. da. Skin, skelet. g Sumatra? W. Rutledge, 1882. e, Stuffed Malacca Dr. Maingay, 1867. Felis planiceps. Felis planiceps, Vigors and Horsfield Zool. Fourn., iii, p. 450, pl. xxii (1828) ; Miller Over de Zoogdierenin Tem. Verhandl., p. 29; Cantor F:: Ay SoBe, xv, p. 245; Blyth Cat. no. 180, p.62; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 185; Elliot Monog. Felide no. 16. Ailurina planiceps, Gervais Hist. Nat. Mamm., ii, p. 87 (1855)*. Viverriceps planiceps, Gray P. Z, S., p. 269 (1867) ; id. Cat, Carn. Mamm., p-17- The Little Fire Cat. Distribution.—Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo (Miller) perhaps extending into Tenasserim. a. Skin, skelet. g ease W. Rutledge. 6, Stuffed, skull err Purchased, 1869. c. Stuffed Malacca C. Huffnagle, 1846, A.S.B. FELIS. 223 Felis bengalensis. Felis bengalensis, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 151 (1792)* ;. Raffles Li Trans., xiii, p. 249; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., re re oe 1858, p. 514; Blyth Cat, no. 178, p. 60; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 184; Ferdon Mamm., p.105; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 20; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 164; Elliot Monog. Felidae no, 20; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 189; Blanford P. Z, S., 1887, p. 627; id. Mammals, p.-78, Felis javanensis, Desmarest N. Dict. d' Hist. Nat., vi, p. 115 (1816); Hors- field Zool. Res, with plate; id. Cat. Z. I. Mus., p. 48; Elliot Monog. Felidae no, 27. Felis sumatrana, Horsfield Zool. Res. with plate (1824); id. Cat. E. J. Mus., p. 48. Felis minuta, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 130 (1827); Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 29; Giinther P. Z. S., 1879, p. 783 Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., v, p. 177: } Felis nipalensis, Vigors and Horsfield Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 382 (1820). Felis chinensis, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 577 (1837); Swinhoe ara S., 1870, p. 629; Milne Edwards Rech. Mamm., pl. xxxib, p- 216. ae ty “Wagati of Mahrattas;” Eiliot Madras Yourn., x, p. 108 1830). Leopardus ellioti, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 260 (1842) ; id. Cat. Hodgs, Coll,, ist ed., pe 6. Leopardus horsfieldii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 260 (1842). Chaus servalinus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 45 (1843). Leopardus javanensis, id. ibid, p. 43 (1843). Leopardus sumatranus, id. ibid, p. 43 (1843). Leopardus chinensis, id. ibid, p. 43 (1843). Leopardus reevesi, id. ibid, p. 44 (1843). Felis pardochrous, Hodgson Calc. fourn. N. H., iv, p, 286 (1844); Horsfield Cat, E. 1, Mus.,'p. 47. Felis jerdoni, Blyth P. Z.S., p. 185 (1863) ; Ferdon Mamm, p. 107. Felis servalina, Gray P. Z. S., p. 401 (1867). Felis tenasserimensis, id. ibid, p. 400 (1867). Felis wagati, id. ibid, p. 400 (1867). Viverriceps ellioti, id. ibid, p. 269 (1867). Felis herschellii, Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 28 (1869), Felis undata, apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 27 (1873); Radde Ost Siberien, p.106 ; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 551. : Leopard Cat ; Chita billa, Hindi; Bun beral, Bengali; Wagati Shan-rahu-manjur, Mahrattas; Theet-kyoung, Arakan; Khye- thit, Burmese. Distribution.—India from the Himalayas to the extreme south (not including Ceylon), Assam, Upper and Lower Burma, Malay Peninsula, Java, Sumatra and Borneo (Miiller), Philippines (Giin- ther), South China and Formosa (Swinhoe), North China (Milne Edw.) and Amurland (Radde). This species, as is evident from the number of synonyms which have been applied to it, is a very variable one; the three chief forms beside the typical F. bengalensis are Felis pardochroa of Hodgson, F. javanensis of Desmarest and F, sumatrana of Hors- 224 MAMMALIA. field; there are in the Museum typical specimens of all these three varieties, F. pardochroa (“w’’) differs from the ordinary F. bengalen- sis merely in having the ground colour a bright yellow instead of the ordinary gray or grayish yellow; the skull, however, resem- bles in every respect the typical F. bengalensis. Felis javanensis (“k?”) has some resemblance to F. viverrina in having a grizzly gray ground and in the spots being arranged to a certain extent in straight lines instead of irregularly. Felis sumatrana (‘‘l?”) resembles the ordinary F. bengalensis in every way. There does not seem to be any differences in the skulls of these three forms. a. Skin, skull 4 races W. Rutledge, 1875. 6. Skin, ske'e- saree Zoological Gardens, ton a c, Skin, skull 9 Tipperah hills Zoological Gardens. d. Skin, skull 2 aaa W. Rutledge, 1881. e. Skin, skull ¢ ee W. Rutledge, 1881. J. Skin, skele- ougies Zoological Gardens. ton g g. Skin, skele- sneer Zoological Gardens, ton Q h, Skin, skele- wsaweax Zoological Gardens, ton. gj» Skin Momien, Yunan, 6,000 ft. J. Anderson. k. Skin Momien, Yunan, 6,000 :t. J. Anderson. 2. Skin Momien, Yunan, 6,000 ft. J. Anderson, m. Skin Kakhyen Hills J. Anderson. a. Skin Chittagong E R. Shopland, A. S.B. o. Skin Coromandel Coast Sir W. Elliot, A. S. B. p- Skin Malay Peninsula Rev. F, J. Lindstedt. gq Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 7. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. s. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. #. Skin Sikkim No history. aw. Skin Sikkim No history. v. Skin Sikkim No history. : w. Skin, skull © Nepal (Hodgson) India Mus., London. x. Stuffed Sunderbunds, Beng. No history, y» Stuffed sain Barrackpore Menagerie. a. Stuffed Assam F. Jenkins, 1842, A.S.B. a’, Stuffed Sikkim Dr. Brougham, 1871. . 6%”, Stuffed Sikkim Dr. Brougham, 1871. c. Stuffed Coromandel Coast Sir W, Elliot, 1848, A.S.B. d’. Skeleton cages A.S.B. mted. Zoological Gardens, 1879. apices Zoological Gardens. ea W. Rutledge, e?. Skull J? Skeleton g?. Skeleton 22. Skin Sikkim ? Purchased. jy Skin Sikkim Purchased. #. Skin, skull Java (Horsfield) India Mus., London. @, Skin, skull Sumatra (Sir S. Raffles)| India Mus., London. FELIS. 225 Felis viverrina. Felis viverrina, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 68 (1833); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 49; Blyth P. Z. S., 1863, p. 184; Ferdon Mamm., p. 103; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p.28; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 628; Blyth F. A. S.B., xliv, Burma List, p. 27; Atkinson N.-W.P. Gazett., xi, p.17; Spearman Burma Gasett., p. 551; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 21; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 28; Blanford Mammals, p. 76. Felis viverriceps, Hodgson $. A. S. B., v., p. 232 (1836) ; Kelaart Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 46. ’ Felis himalayana, fardine Nat. Libr. Mamma, ii, p. 230 (1837). Leopardus viverrinus, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 43 (1843). Leopardus celidogaster, apud Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 6 (1846). Felis celidogaster, Blyth Cat. no. 170, p. 61 (1863). Viverriceps bennettii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 268 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm. p. 16. The Large Tiger Cat or Fishing Cat; Bunbiral, Kupya-bagh, Hindi; Machbagrul, Bagh-dasha, Bengali; Handoon deeva, Cing- alese. Distribution.—India, Ceylon (Kelaart); Lower Burma (Mc Master), Tenasserim (Spearman), and Formosa (Swinhoe). In India is recorded from the banks of the Indus (Murray), Lower ranges of the Himalayas, Nepal Terai (Hodgson), Assam and Bengal ; Jerdon also gives Travancore and the Malabar coasts. It does not seem to be found in Central India. a. Skin, skele- weuives Rajah Rajendra Mullick. ton a 6. Skin, skele- sintaes W. Rutledge, 1873. ton g c. Skin Cachar Mus. Collector. d. Skin Calcutta A. S.B. e. Stuffed Calcutta Sir J. Fayrer. f. Stuffed Bengal Purchased. g- Skull Bengal Purchased. h. Skull: eh cee A.S.B. 7. Stuffed and seis W. Rutledge. skull juv. &. Stuffed juv. Calcutta R. Swinhoe. 2. Skeleton Calcutta No history. m, Skull — juv. aaa A.S. B. 2”. Skin Ceylon Colombo Museum. Felis rubiginosa. Felis rubiginosa, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Voy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, p. 140, pl. vi (1834) ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 47; Blyth P. Z.S., 1863, p- 185; Ferdon Mamm., p.108; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 28; Sterndale Mamm, Ind., p. 192; Blanford P. Z, S., 1887, p. 629; id. Mammals, p. 8r. Miersiceps rubiginosa, Gray PZ. S., p. 269 (1867) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 18, Q 226 MAMMALIA. The Rusty Spotted Cat; Namali pilli or Verewa puni, Tamil; Coolla-deeva, Cingalese. Distribution.—Madras coasts, hills of Southern India, Ceylon (Kelaart), and perhaps Central India, Seonee (Sterndale). a, Skin, skull 9 seeexs Zoological Gardens. é. Skin. skull suena Zoological Gargens. c. Stuffedskele- ene : Zoological Gardens. ton 2 d. Skin Ceylon Colombo Museum, 1887. e. Skin ¢@ Bangalore Museum Coll. (Jaffa). Felis manul. Felis manul, Pallas Reise, iii, p. 692 (1776)* ; Brandt Bull, Acad. St. Petersb. ix, 1841, p- 377: Blyth P. Z.S., 1863, p. 185 ; Elliot Monog. Felide, no. 9 Blanford Mammals, p. 83; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1013. ' Felis nigripectus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xi, p. 276, with plate (1842). Pallas’ Cat. Distribution.—Central Asia generally from Mongolia and Thibet to the Transcaspian region, extending to within the Indian Empire at Ladak. [No specimen in the Indian Museum.] Felis ornata. Felis ornata, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. ii (1830); Blyth Cat. no. 184, p- 633 Elliot Monog. Felidae no 31; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 29; Thomas P.Z, S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford Mammals, p. 84. Felis servalina, fardine Nat. Libr. Mamm., ii, p. 232, pl. xxv (1837). Chaus pulchellus, Gray List Mamm. B. M,, p. 45 (1843). Chaus servalinus, id. ibid. Felis torquata, apud Blyth P. Z. S., p. 185 (1863); Ferdon M 3. ‘Ds 110; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 193 a iF amen Chaus ornatus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 275 (1867). Distribution—The dry rocky countries of North-West India, from Banda, North-Western Provinces (Cockburn), thence west- ward through Agra, Sambhar (Thomas), to Sind where common (Murray). This species and the next three, 7e., F. shawiana, F. chaus and F. caudata, all appear to be very nearly allied forms, all four have a slight pencil of hairs on their ears; F. chaus can be distinguished at once by its black pencil, its pepper-and-salt colour with no trace of lines or spots on the body; F. caudata is very indistinctly spotted, but has a very long tail, twice the length of that of F. chaus; F. ornata and shawiana seem to resemble each other in every respect; Blanford (Yarkand Mammals, p. 19) dis- tinguishes F. shawiana from F. ornata by (1) its shorter tail, (2) its more rufous colouration, (3) distinct black spots on the abdo- men. FELIS. 227 With regard to the first distinction, the tails of the two speci- mens of F. shawiana are certainly shorter than those of the speci- mens of F. ornata; but the skinsare furriers, skins, both having been bought in the bazaars at Yarkand and Kashgar, and the tails in both cases seem mutilated, the tails, too, of F. ornata in the Museum collection vary considerably in length, from 8 to 13 inches in specimens of approximately the same size; with regard to the second point, that of colour, the difference of shade is ‘so slight that itis only perceptable in a strong light ; finally, there are in the Museum collection many specimens of F. ornata with quite as distinct spots on the abdomen as F. shawiana. With regard to the skulls of F. ornata, F. chaus and F. shawi- ana [there isno skullin the only specimen of F. caudata], there . does not seem to be any real substantial difference, although there are minor differences which have been pointed out by Mr. Blan- ford, yet it does not seem that any of the differences are sufficiently important to be due to anything but individual variations. a-h. 8 skins Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. 7, Skin @. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Mus, [Ex.] g J k. Skin Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Mus. [Ex.] 2, Skin Hazara Hills, Punj. T. Hutton, 1845, A.S.B. m. Skin Hansi, Punjab D. Scott, A.S.B. n. Skin Hansi, Punjab D. Scott A.S.B. o. Skin nr. Karachi, Sind Karachi Museum. é Skin Mullier, Sind Col. Meurant. gt. 4 Skulls Banda dist., N.-W.P. J. Cockburn. zw. Skull Karachi, Sind Karachi Museum. Felis shawiana. Felis shawiana, Blanford ¥, A.S. B., xlv, p. 49 (1876); id. Yarkand Mamm., p- 17, pls. id, ic; Elliot Monog. Felide@ no. 34. Distribution —Eastern Turkestan (Yarkand and Kashgar). a. Skin, skeleton Yarkand W. B. Shaw. (Type of F. shawiana, Blanford]. é. Skin Yarkand bazaar F. Stoliczka. ce. Skin Kashgar, 11-74 J Scully. Felis chaus. Felis chaus, Guldenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., xx, p. 483 (177¢); Sykes, P.Z. S., 1831, p. 102; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 103; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 50; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan, p. 48; Blyth Cat. no. 186, p. 63; id. P. Z. S., 1863, p. 186; Tristram P. Z. S., 1866, p. 92; Ferdon Mamm., p. 111; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 29; Stoliczka, F.A.S.B., xli, p. 227; Blyth $. A. S.B., xliv; Burma List, p. 28; Blan- ford Persia, p. 36; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p.17; Alston P. Z.S., 1880, p. 52; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p.195; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 32; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 29; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 551 ; Thomas P. Z.S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford Mammals, p. 86; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1015. Q2 228 MAMMALIA. Felis catolynx, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As. i, p. 23 (1811). Lynx chaus, Fischer Zoognosie, p. 230 (1814)*. Felis kutas, Pearson $. A. S. B., i, p. 75 (1832). Felis affinis, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool.,i, pl. iii (1832). Felis erythrotis, Hodgson $. A. S. B., v, p. 233 (1836). Felis inconspicua, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. §77 (1837). Chaus lybicus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 45 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p.7; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 514. x (1844). Felis lybicus, Loche Expl. Scient. Alger., iii (1850)*. Chaus jacquemonti, Gerrard Cat. Bones B, M., p. 66 (1862); Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm,, p. 34+ The Jungle Cat; Gurba-i-kuhi, Persian; Jangli billi, Deccani and Hindustani; Ban billi, in Kumaon; Katas, Banberal, Bengali ; Hoppa, Assamese; Maut bek, Kadu bek, Bella bek, Canarese; Mota rahu, Manjur, Mahratta; Bhooga, Mahrattas (Ghats) ; Birka, Bhagulpore Hills; Jurka pilli, Telegu; Cherru pili, Malay- alim ; Kyoung tsek-koon, Arakan. Distribution —Throughout North Africa, Egypt, Nubia and Barbary, Asia Minor (Alston), Palestine (Tristram) ; shores of Caspian, West and Southern Persia (Blanford), Afghanistan and Candahar, India, Ceylon (Kelaart), Assam and Burma (Spearman). In India universally distributed from the Himalayas and Sind to the extreme south extending eastwards to Assam; a, Skin @ Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Museum. 6. Skin g Agra dist., N.-W. P. Lucknow Museum. ce. Skin juv. Q Agra dist., N.-W. P. Luckpow Museum. @. Skin Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, A. S. B. e. Skin Kisht, nr, Bushire (2,000 Sir O. St. John. ft). f. Skin Cachar Sir O. St. John. g. Skin Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. A, Skin Travancore Purchased. ge Skin atv J. E. T. Aitchison. k. Skin juv. 9 Zoological Gardens. 1. Stuffed No history, A.S.B. m, Stuffed caine’ W. Rutledge. n, Stuffed Garriah, nr, Calcutta Museum Coll., 1870. o. Stuffed Gurriah, nr. Calcutta Museum Coll., 1870. p. Stuffed Raneegunge, Bengal J. Diveria, 1867. gq. Stuffed Simla T. Hutton, A.S.B, 7. Stuffed Calcutta Purchased. s. Skull faves Purchased. 2. Skull Kabul Sir A. Burnes, A.S.B. uw. Skull Kandahar T. Hutton, A S.B. ». Skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. a-b*, 6 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P, J. Cockburn. ce, Skulljuv. @ eviuas Zoological Gardens, d®, Skeleton sia se A.S.B. e?, Skin, skull g Kendrapara, Bengal A. J. Fraser. f?-l7, 6 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. m, Skin, skull Shevaroy Hills, Mdr. Mrs. W. King. FELIS. 229 Felis caudata. ‘ Felis servalina, apad Brandt Bull, Acad. St. Petersb., ix, p. 34 (1841)*; Eversmann Bull, Nat. Mosc., 1848, p. 200; Severteofi Ann. Mag. N. H, (4), xvili, p. 49. Chaus caudatus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 31, pls. vi, vii, (1874). ’ Felis caudata, Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 33 (1878-83) ; Scully ¥. A. S. B.,\vi, p. 69; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 57; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1014. Distribution —Transcaspian region eastwards to Afghan and Russian Turkestan. a, Skin Maimanah, Afghanistan C, E. Yate, 1887. Felis lynx. Felis lynx, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p.62 (1766) ; Blyth Cat. no. 189, p: 64; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 89; Schrenck Amurland Séugeth., p. 87; Severtzof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 49; Alston P. Z.S., 1877, p.272 ; id. 1880, p.52; Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 201; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 19; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 38; Blanford Mammals, p. 89. Felis lupulina, Thunberg Denkschr. Akad. Minch., ix., p. 189 (1825). Felis vulpinus, Thunberg Denkschr. Akad. Minch., ix, p. 189 (1825). Felis virgata, Nilsson Illum, Fig. till Faun., pls. iii and iv (1829)*; id. Skand. Faun., p. 126*. Felis borealis, Keyserling & Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 63 (1840). Lyncus vulgaris, Gray Cat. Hodgs, Coll., 1st ed., p. 7 (1846). Felis isabellina, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xvi, p. 1178 (1847); id., Cat, no. 183, p- 64; id. P. ZS. 1863, p. 186; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 18, with plate. Lynchus lynx, Severtzoff Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), x, p. 385 (1858). Lyncus isabellinus, Gray P, Z. S., p. 276 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., . 38. ; ino borealis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 276, (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm. P- 37- Distribution.—Northern Europe, Siberia, Baikal (Radde); Amur- land and Sachalin (Schrenck) ; Turkestan (Severtzoff) ; Eastern Turkestan (Blanford), Gilgit (Scully), Western Thibet (Kinloch) and Eastern Thibet (Blyth). a, Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka, &. Skin vs - F. Stoliczka. c. Stuffed Norway Christiania Univ., A. S. B. d. Stuffed : vr Christiania Univ., A. S. B. e. Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, 1845, A.S.B. Ff. Stuffed ” G. T. Lushington, 1845, A. S.B. g. Stuffed juv. Norway C..S. Bonnevie, 1850, A.S. B. hj. 2 Skulls tense No history, A.S. B. k. Skin, skull Kashgar, 11-74 J. Scully. 1, Skin, skull Bagrot, Gilgit, 5,000ft., J. Scully, 104-79. -m, Skin Bargo, Gilgit J. Scully. 230 ‘MAMMALIA, Felis caracal. Felis caracal, Gildenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop,, xx, p. 500, (1766) ; Blyth Cat. no. 187, p. 64; id. P,Z.S., 1863, p. 186; Tristram P. Z.S., 1866, p. 92; Ferdon Mamm., p. 113; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, Pp. 31; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xli, p. 227; Blanford Persia, p. 37; Atkinson N, W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 18; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 273; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 40; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 30; Sterndale Mamm. Ind. p.198; Blanford Mammals, p. 88; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1016. ; Lynx caracal, Fischer Zoognosie, p. 200 (1814)*. Caracal melanotis, Gray List Manm, B. M., p. 46 (1843); id. Cat, Carn, Mamm., p. 38. Siahgosh, Persian and Hind, Distribution.—Africa generally, Palestine (Tristram), Arabia, Smyrna and Taurus (Danford) ; Mesopotamia, Persia (Blanford), and Transcaspia. In India proper is generally distributed but found more abundantly in the west, 2. ¢., Sind (Murray), Cutch (Stoliczka), Dehra Dun? (Atkinson), and Nepal terai (Hodgson). The anterior pper premolar present in the skull of specimen “a” is a rather uncommon variation. a. Skin, skelet. oa W. Rutledge. 4. Skin, skull Dee aN ‘ Zoological Gardens. c. Skin, skelet. Q egies W. Rutledge. d. Skin, skull & re Zoological Gardens, e. Skin,skulljuv..@ W. Rutledge. Sf Stuffed aa W. Rutledge, 1870, g. Skeleton suka No history. h. Skeleton a olathe Babu H. H. Roy. j. Skeleton bain W. Rutledge, Felis concolor. Felis concolor, Linnaeus Mantissa, p. 522 (1771)* ; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 2, Felis puma, Molina Sage. Stor, Nat. Chili, p. 245 (1817)*. Felis couguar, Lesson Man, Mamm., 190 (1827). Felis unicolor, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 190 (1827). Leopardus concolor, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 41 (1843). The Puma, Distribution.—North and South America from 45° N. lat. to the Straits of Magellan. a, Skin, skull 9 waxtes W. Rutledge, 1883, & Skin Souih America W. Jamrach [P.] e. Skin, skull Mexico British Mus, [Ex.] d. Skul sore: E. Blyth, 1865, FELIS, 231 Felis yagouarondi. Felis jagouarondi, Lacepede Guvres d’Azarva Atlas, pl. x*; Fischer Zoogs nosie, p. 228 (1814)*; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 12. Felis mexicana, apud Desmarest N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., vi, p. 112 (1816), Felis unicolor, Traill Mem. Wern. Soc., iii, p. 170 (1819). Felis darwinii, Martin P. Z. S., p. 3 (1837). Leopardus yagouarondi, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42 (1843). Felis calomithi, Baird N. Amer, Mamm., p. 74 (1859)*. Distrtbution —From Mexico through Central and South America as far as Southern Paraguay. a. Skin soneiie British Mus, [Ex.] Felis pardalis. Felis pardalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p.62 (1766) ; Gray Cat, Carn, Mamm., p. 19; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 17. Felis ocelot, Grifith Anim. Kingd., v, p. 169 (1827). Felis cateneta, Griffith Anim. Kingd., v, p. 169 (1827). Felis canescens, Swainson Anim. Menay., p. 118 (1838)*. Leopardus pardalis, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42 (1843). Leopardus griseus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 42 (1843). Leopardus pictus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., 43 (1843). Felis melanura, Ball P. Z.S.,p. 128 (1844); Gray Cat Carn. Mamm., p. 19. Felis albescens, Pucheran Voyage Autour du Monde Venus Zool., p. 137, pl. viii (1855). ee anes Gray P. Z. S., p.270 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 19 1869). Felis picta, Severtzoff Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) X, p. 194 (1858) ; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p - 19. ‘ Felis pardoides, Gray P, Z. S., p. 403 (1867) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 20. The Ocelot. Distributton.—Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Mexico, Central America, and South America, East of Andes. a. Skin,skull @ aaa e Purchased, 1880. é. Skull ease E. Blyth. Felis serval. Felis serval, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. $23 (1777) Blyth Cat. no. 181, p. 62; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 23; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 25. Felis capensis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 81 (1788), Felis galeopardus, Desmazest Mamm., p. 227 (1820). Felis senegalensis, Lesson Mag. de Zool., x (1839)*- Felis servalina, Ogiloy P. Z. S., p. 94 (1839). Leopardus serval, Gray List Mamm. 8B. M. p, 41 (1843). Distribution.—Africa from Algiers to the Cape. a. Stuffed Cape Colony E. L. Layard, 1858, A.S. B 232 MAMMALIA, Felis caffra. Felis caffra, Desmarest Mamm. Sufpl., p. §40 (1822); Blyth Cat., no, 185, p- 63 ; Elliot Monog. Felidae, no. 30. : Felis obscura, Desmarest Mamm., p. 230 (1820). Felis nigtipes, Burchell’s Travels., ii, p. 592 (1824). Felis maniculata, Cretzschmar Ruppell’s Atlas, i, pl.i (1826). Felis pulchella, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §77 (1837). Chaus caffer, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 45 (1843). Leopardus inconspicuus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 44 (1843). Felis caligata, Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, p. 49, pl. iii, fig. 2 (1844). Felis lybica, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Facquemont Voyage, p. 56 (1844). Felis margarita, Loche Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), x, p. 49 (1858). Felis inconspicua, Gray P. Z. S., p. 273 (1867); id, Cat. Carn. Mamm., P- 3h Distribution—Africa from Algeria to the Cape. a. Stuffed Cape Colony E. L. Layard, A.S.B. 6. Skull es A.S.B. Felis catus, Felis catus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 62 (1776) ; Blasius Saugeth, Deutsch., p. 162; Blanford Persia, p. 35; Danford and Alston, P. Z. S., 1877, p. 272 and 1880, p. 52; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 29. Felis sylvestris, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 397 (1778) ;.Blyth Cat., no. 182, p- 62. Distribution—Europe generally, extending eastwards into Persia (Blanford) and Asia Minor (Alston). a, Stuffed, skull Scotland Sir W. Jardine, 1843, A.S.B, Felis pardina, Felis pardina, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p.116 (1827); Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 37. Lyncus pardinus, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 46 (1843); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 38 (1869). Distribution—Portugal, Spain, Sardinia, Sicily, Turkey and Asia Minor. «. Stuffed Sardinia British Museum [Ex.] Felis canadensis. Felis canadensis, Desmarest N, Dict. d’ Hist. Nat,, vi, p. 108 (1816) ; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 36. tynx canadensis, Rafinesque Amer. Month. Mag., ii, p. 46 (1817)*. Felis borealis, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 109 (1827). Lyncus canadensis, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 46 (1843); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 37- Lyncus borealis, Diley New York Zocl.,p § (1842). FELIS. 233 Distribution—Northern Europe, Scandanavia, Russia, and Siberia, North America, as far south as Pennsylvania and Cali- fornia. a. Skin Hudson’s Bay British Museum [Ex.] &. Skin . Alumette Isle, Ottawa J. H. Garnier [Ex.] ce. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald, 1869. d. Skull Umbagog Lake, Maine, W. Theobald, 1869. U.S.A. Felis rufa. Felis rufa, Guldenstadt Nov. Comm. Acad. Petrop., xx, p. 499 (1776); Blyth Cat. no. 190, p. 65; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 39. Felis carolinensis, Desmarest Mamm, p. 234 (1820). Lynx floridanus Lynx montanus Lynx rufus Rafinesque Amer. Month, Mag., ii, p. 46 (1817)*. Lynx aureus Lynx faciatus Felis maculata, Vigors and Horsfield Zool, Fourn., iv, p. 381, pl. xiii (1829). Distribution—North America to Mexico, a, Skin Lake Amhee, Ontario J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 6. Skin juv. Blue Ridge, Ontario J. H. Garnier [Ex.] ¢e Skull North Carolina Rev. F. Fitzgerald, A.S.B. Felis domestica, Felis domestica, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 80 (1788); Elliot Monog, Felidae no. 41; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, p. 57- 2 te Felis catus, Evxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 518 (1777); Blyth $. A. S.B., EXv, p. 442; id. Cat. no. 183, p. 62; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. xviii, p. 505 "Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 17. a ah Felis torquata, F. Cuvier Hist, Nat. Mamm., livr. liv, with plate, (1826) ; Sykes P. Z.S., 1831, p. 102; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 49; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 55; Blanford Mammals, p. 85. Felis maniculata, fenyns Brit. Vert. Anim, p. 15, (1835). Felis megalotis, Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., Pp. 54 (1839-44). Felis huttoni, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 169 (1846); id. ¥ ALS. B,, Xvii, Pp. 247. The Domestic Cat of India differs considerably from the English domestic cat; Blyth distinguishes two races of Indian domestic cats—(1) the spotted type in which the spots tend to form them- selves into streaks, especially on the anterior parts of the body ; the tail of this form is slender and of uniform thickness, with a series of black rings ; this form is frequently found in a feral state and it is prebable that it was from an animal of this kind that Felis terquata of F. Cuvier was originally described ; (2) the other form was called by Blyth the Chaus-coloured cat; it is of a uniform fulvous colour with barred legs and a ringed tail, resembling F. chaus; in its proportions, however, it differs from 234 MAMMALIA, F. chaus considerably, its legs and ears are much shorter and its tail much longer, this Blyth suspects to be derived from the domestic cat with an admixture of chaus blood. The two examples of this latter form are “e” and “j” of the list below; “‘e” is specially to be noticed since it was shot in the town of Banda, round which F. chaus abouuds. s¢ The English tabby is never seen in India; this may possibly be due to the fact that the tabby markings of the English domestic cat are due to an admixture of the blood of the wild cat (F. catus). Evidence to show that domestic cats breed with some of the different species of wild cats will be found in Pennant where, after the description of F. bengalensis, he mentions that the specimen from which the description was drawn up, coupled with female domestic cats and produced offspring; Blyth also quotes the evidence of Sir Walter Elliot on the subject (vide J.A.S. B., xvii, pp. 247 and 559) in the cases of F. chaus and F. rubiginosa, There are also in the collection two skins which seem to require further remark, these are ‘‘f”, the skin procured by Dr. Scully at Kashgar, and “‘g” one procured by the Afghan Boundary Com- mission at Wen Male. The former, which is a flat skin without a skull, was described by Mr. Blanford in the Yarkand Mammals as F. catus, but it differs from F. catus in having a slender and tapering tail instead of a clubbed one which is so characteristic of the true F. catus of Europe. The other skin from Afghanistan also has a slender tapering tail; a comparison of the skull of this specimen with a skull of an English F. catus, and with the skulls of several speci- mens of F. domestica shows that this Afghan cat agrees with the domestic cat in the several points in which the latter differs from F. catus, ze, in F. domestica, the frontal and squamosal bones are separated from one another by the parietals and alisphenoids, the nasals are not produced posteriorly beyond the frontal pro- cesses of the maxille, and, finally, the teeth are small as compared with F. catus. In ail these points the Afghan cat agrees with the domestic cat and not with Felis catus. a. Skin Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, A.S.B. 6. Skin Hansi, Punjab D. Scott, A.S.B. CESK iy os pees E. Blyth, A.S.B. d. Skin Deccan (Col. Sykes) India Mus., London, e. Skin, skull Banda (town), N.-W.P. J. Cockburn (1881). f. Skin Kashgar J. Scully. g. Skin Wen Male, Afghanistan J. E. T. Aichison. h. Stuffed(tabby) aa. No history, A.S.B. j. Stuffed, skull Calcutta No history, A.S.B. k. Stuffed Sh cat No history, A.S.B. bSkull ants No history, A.S.B. m.Skeleton saa No history, A.S.B, n. Skeleton Calcutta Purchased, CYNAELURUS, 235 Genus CYNAELURUS. Cynailurus, Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 30 (1830). Cynofelis, Lesson Nouv. Tab. Reg. Anim., p. 48 (1842). Gueparda, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 46 (1843). Cynaelurus jubatus. ; Felis jubata, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 510 (1777); Sykes P. Z.S.,p. 102 (1831); Elliot Madrus Fourn., x, p.107; Blyth P.Z.S., 1863, p. 181; Ferdon Mamm., p. 114; Blanford F. A. S. B., xxxvi, p. 191, McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 31; Stolicska, F. A.S.B., xli, p.227; Blanford Persia, p- 35; Ball P. A. S. B., 1877, p. 169; Alston P.Z.S., 1880, p. 52; Severts- off Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 49; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 30; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 200; Thomas Linn. Trans, (2),v, p.56; Radde Zool. $. B., iv, p. 1012. Felis guttata, Hermann Obser. Zool., p. 38 (1804). Cynailurus jubatus. Wagler Nat. Syst. Amphib., p. 30 (1830): Blyth Cat., no. 191, p. 65; Elliot Monog. Felidae no. 42; Blanford Mammals, p. 91. Cynofelis jubata, Lesson Nouv. Tab. Regn. Anim., p. 49 (1842). Cynofelis guttata, id. ibid. Gueparda guttata, Gray P.Z.S, p.277 (1867); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 39. Felis megabalia, Heuglin Zeitschr. Allg. Erdkunde, iii, p. 53 (1868)*. The Cheetah or hunting leopord; Yuz palang, Persian; Yuz- cheetah bagh, Hindustani; Kendua bagh, Bengali; Cheeta, Deccani; Chircha, Sivungi, Canarese ; Chita puli, Telegu. Distribution.— Africa generally; has been recorded by Alston from Euphrates valley, Transcaspia, Western Turkestan (Severtz- off) and Persia, (Blanford). In India it is found in the Central and western districts, 7.e., Deccan (Sykes), Saugor, Central India (Jerdon), the Punjab, Sind (Murray), Cutch (Stoliczka), and has been procured as far as east as Deogurh in the Sonthal Pergun- nahs (Blanford). a. Skin, skull @ meee Babu H. M. Roy. 6, Skin, skeleton 9 Pre Zoological Gardens. ce. Skin Q juv. ania W. Rutledge. d. Skin (eT W. Rutledge. e. Skeleton g avis W. Rutledge. Ff. Skull Q juv. oy W. Rutledge. g. Stuffed E. Blyth, 1857, A. h. Skeleton Paere S.B. E. Blyth, 1857, A. S. B. Genus VIVERRA. Viverra, Linnaeus Syst. Nat,, tzth ed., p.63 (1766). Key of the Indian Spectes. a. Tail with complete light and dark rings; body markings indis- - tinct and cloudy, not spotty; size large; anterior upper molars distinctly triangular. V. zibetha, p. 236 236 MAMMALIA. a®, Tail with light and dark rings incomplete. &. Large size; black rings all complete, light rings just broken by the dorsal black band of the tail; flanks distinctly spotted with large spots. c. Mane commencing between the ears; skull with anterior upper molars quadrangular as compared with V. zibetha. V. civettina, p. 237. c, Mane commencing between the shoulders. V. megaspila, p. 237. 62, Smaller; only a few of the posterior black rings of the tail complete, and the dorsal black band broad. V. tangalunga, p, 237. Viverra zibetha. Viverra zibetha, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12thed.,i, p.65 (1766); Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. v; M’Clelland Calc. Fourn. N. H.,i, p. 56; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., tsted., p. 7; Horsfield Cat. E. 1, Mus., p. 54; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 331; id. Cat., p. 45; Gray P. Z. S., 1864, p. 512; Ferdon Mamm., p.120; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 46 ; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 227,630; Blyth F. A.S.B., xliv, Burma list, p. 25; Sterndale Mamm, Ind., p. 208; Spearman Burma. Gazett., p. 547; Blanford Mammals, p. 96. Viverra undulata, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 9 (1830). Viverra melanurus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., %, p. 909 (1841) ; id. Cale. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 47. Viverra civettoides, Hodgson id. ibid. Viverra ashtoni, Swinhoe P. Z. S., p. 379, (1864). The Indian Civet Cat; Katas, Hindustani; Machbhondar, Bagdos, and Pudogaula, Bengali; Bhras, Nepal terai; Nit biralu, Nepal; Kung, Bhotea; Saphiong, Lepcha; Kyung-myeng, Bur- mese; Hagah gendrah, Assamese. Distribution.—Bengal, extending northwards to the Nepal Terai and southwards to Cuttack, Assam, Burma, Southern China and Hainan (Swinhoe) ; its occurence in the Malay Peninsula seems doubtful since it has been so often confused with V. megaspila and V. tangalunga. a. Skin, skull sees No history. 6. Skin, skull 9 Calcutta Purchased, 1870. ec. Skin é Maldah, Bengal Mus. Coll., 1870. d. Skin, skull ¢ Calcutta Purchased. e. Skull é ins W. Rutledge, 1876. Jf. Skin, skull # gcd W. Rutledge. g. Skin g stiuie Zoological Gardens, & Skolt ‘ A.S. B. j» Skull isa A. S. B. &. Stuffed é Calcutta Purchased, 1871. 2. Skeleton setice A. S. B. m. Skull wreaxe A.S.B. a. Skull gy juv. areas W. Rutledge, 1872, VIVERRA. 237 Viverra civettina. Viverra civettina, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 332 (1862); id. P. 2. S., 1864, p. 484; id. Cat. no. 140 p. 443; Ferdon Mamm., p. 121; Blanford Mam- mals, p. 98. : Distribution.—Malabar Coast, Wynaad and Coorg. This species, described first by,Blyth from Southern India, seems to differ in several respects from V. zibetha; instead of the indefi- nite stripy markings of V. zibetha, the hinder part of the body of V. civettina is covered with distinct large black spots and the ground colour is distinctly yellow; the yellow rings on the tail are broken by the longitudinal dorsal black band down the tail, where- as in V. zibetha the yellow rings completely surround the tail. The skulls too, differ in several respects ; the large upper molar of V. civettina is much more quadrangular and its length bears a much greater ratio to its breadth than in V. zibetha, in which the tooth is almost triangular ; the postorbital processes of the frontal bones are almost absent in V. civettina, whereas in V. zibetha they are quite distinct, a. Skin, skeleton seeens W. Rutledge. 6. Skin, skull South India Lord A. Hay, 1845, A.S.B. [Type of V. civettina of Blyth.] ce. Skin oo ces Purchased. d. Skin eennes Purchased. Viverra megaspila. Viverra tangalanga, apud Cantor $, A. S. B., xv, p. 197 (1846). Viverra megaspila, Blyth F. A, S, B., xxxi, p. 331 (1862); id. ¥ A. S. B. xliv, Burma List, p. 25; Spearman Burma Gasett., p. 548, Gunther P. Z.S., 1876, p. 428, pl. xxxvii; Blanford Mammals, p. 99. Distribution.—Burma and the Malay Peninsula, Cochin China ‘and Sumatra, : [No specimens in Indian Museum.] Viverra tangalanga, Viverra tangalanga, Gray P. Z.S., p. 63 (1832); 'Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., P. 57; Blyth F. A, S. B., xxxi, p. 332; id. Cat. no. 142, p. 45; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 47, Gunther, P. Z. S., 1876, pp. 427 and 735. Viverra zibetha, apud F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr xxi, with plate (1820); Rafies Linn, Trans., xiii, p. 251; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p.30; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 197. Distribution.—Malay Peninsula, Sumatra (Raffles), Borneo Celebes and Amboyna (Miller), Philippines (Gunther). 238 MAMMALIA a. Skin, skull Malacca F. W. Lindstedt, 1846, -A.S B. 6. Skin, skull ¢ aietiad W. Rutledge. c. Skeleton é actos Purchased, 1867. d. Stuffed Malacca F. W. Lindstedt, A.S.B. e. Stuffed g Malay Peninsula J. Anderson. Ff. Skin aire Purchased, 1867. g- Skin, skull 9 Penang Zoological Gardens. _. juy. h. Skin, skelet. 9 somes W. Rutledge. juy. j. Skin a setieus W. Rutledge. Viverra civetta. Viverra civetta, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 418, Aélas, pl. cxi (1 778) ; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 46. Distribution—Africa generally. a. Skin Gs esi ; W. Rutledge. Genus VIVERRICULA. Viverricula, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H.,i., p. 152 (1838). Type, V. malac- censis. Viverricula malaccensis. Viverra malaccensis, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 92 (1788); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 8; Ferdon Mamm., p, 122; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., .21t. heave leveriana, Shaw Mus. leverianum (1792)*. Viverra indica, Desmarvest N. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., vii, p. 170 (1817); Sykes P. Z.S., 1831, p.101; Elliot Madr. Fourn.,x, p. 102; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 58. Viverra rasse, Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate (1824); id, Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 59; Peters Reise nach Mossambique, i, p. 113. Viverra bengalensis, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. iv (1832). Viverra pallida, Gray P. Z. S., p. 63 (1832); id. Idlustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. vi; Swinhoe P. Z. S. 18625-p. 353. Viverricula indica, Hodgson F. A. S.B, x, p. 909 (1841). Viverricula malaccensis, Cantor ¥. A. S. B., xv, p. 199 (1846) ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 37; Blyth Cat. no. 143, p.45; Gray P. Z.S., 1864, P- 513; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p.47; Swinhoe P.Z.S, 1870, pp. 227, 630; Atkinson N.W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 19; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 25; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. p. 166; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 548; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 55; Flanford Mammals, p. 100. The Small Civet; Mushak billi, Deccani and Hindustani; Gandha gokul, Bengali; Kasturi, Juwadee manjar, Mahratta ; Punagin bekh, Canarese; Punagu pilli, Telegu; Saiger, Bugmyal, Terai of Nepal; Ooralawa, Cingalese; Wa-young-kyoung-bonk, Arakanese ; Kyoung kado, Burmese. Distribution.—Comoro Isles, Socotra and Madagascar(Thomas), PRIONODON. 239 India, Ceylon (Kelaart), Assam, Burma, Upper and Lower, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Java (Horsfield), South China, Hainan and Formosa (Swinhoe). In India this form seems to be found everywhere except perhaps in the Punjab and Sind; it is recorded from Sambhar Lake, Raj- pootana (Thomas), from the Terai of Kumaon (Atkinson), and Nepal (Hodgson), Central India, Bengal, Assam, the Deccan (Sykes), and Southern Mahratta country (Elliot). a. Skin, skull Assam J. Anderson 1872. 6. Skin, skull Assam J. Anderson 1872, ce. Skin Cachar Museum Collector. da. Skin Naga Hills, Assam A, W. Chennell, 1877, e. Skin Q Bhamo, 600 ft. J. Anderson 1868. Jf. Skin Goona, C. India A. Barclay. g. Skin, skull ¢ Calcutta Purchased, 1870. A, Skin Calcutta Purchased j. Skin North Africa? British Museum [Ex.] &. Skin juv. fairs No history, A.S.B. 2. Skin juv. eile No history, A.S.B. m. Skull is No history, A.S.B. m. Skull kn ee No history, A.S.B. o. Skull Te ; Purchased. pov. 7 Stuffed on one Siiwee No history, A.S.B, stand, asuas No history, A.S.B. w. Skeleton 4422 wares : No history, A.S.B. x. Skull Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. y. Skin, skull Chumbi, Thibet ? Schneider [P.] zg. Skin Ceylon Colombo Museum. Genus PRIONODON. Prionodon, Horsfield Zool. Res. (1824). Type, P. gracilis. Linsang, Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 28 (1839). Type, P, gracilis. Key of the Indian Species. a. Large, about 35 inches, including the tail; dorsal surface covered with large patches of black. P. maculosus, p. 239. a, Smaller, about 30 inches, including the tail; back with broad transverse bands. ; P. pardicolor, p. 240. Prionodon maculosus. Prionodon maculosus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvii, p. 152, pls. vi, vii (1878) * Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 66; Blanford Mammals, p. 104. Distribution,—Known only from Tenasserim. (No specimen in the Museum.] 240 MAMMALIA. Prionodon pardicolor. Prionodon pardicolor, Hodgson Cal. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 57, pl. i; figs. 3, 6 (1842) ; id. ibid., viii, p. 40; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p. 52; Blyth Cat. no. 146, p. 46; Ferdon Mamm., p. 124; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 166; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 212; Blanford Mammals, p. 103. Linsang pardicolor, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 49 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 8. Viverra perdicator, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 366 (1844). The Tiger Civet ; Zik-chum, Bhotea; Suliyu, Lepcha. Distribution.—Nepal, Sikkim and Kakhyen Hills of Upper Bur- ma (Anderson). a. Skin, skull Darjeeling E. R. Henry. 6. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. ce. Skin, skull Gumpah, Sikkim J. Knight. d. Skin Kakhyen Hills J. Anderson, e. Skin ten nee No history, A.S.B. Ff. Skin Roath No history, A.S.B. g. Stuffed Darjeeling Mrs, Saxon, A.S.B. Genus GENETTA. Genetta, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., ist ed., i, p. 156 (1817). Genetta vulgaris. Viverra genetta, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 65 (1766). Genetta afra, F. Cuvier Nat. Hist. Mamm.,livr. lii, with plate (1825) ; Blyth Cat. no. 144, p. 46. Genetta vulgaris, Lesson Man. Mamm., p 173 (1827). Genetta bonapartii, Loche Rev. Mag. Zool (2), ix, p. 385, pl. xiii (1857). Distribution.—South Europe, 7., France, Spain and Turkey, North Africa and Palestine. u. Stuffed Algeria A. Malherbe, 1848, A.S.B. Genetta tigrina. Viverra tigrina, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 425, Atlas, pl. exv (1778). Genetta abyssinica, Rippell N. Wirbelth., p. 33, pl. xi (1835). Senrt tigrina, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., p. 49 (1843) ; Blyth Cat. no. 145, p. 46. Viverra genetta, Peters Reise nach Mossambique, i, p. 113 (1852) Viverra abyssinica, Gerrard Cat. Bones B, M., p. 71 (1862). Distribution —South Africa and up through Mosambique to Abyssinia, a. Stuffed South Africa E, L. Layard, 6. Stuffed South Africa ee ie 1850, A.S.B. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. HEMIGALE, 241 Genus HEMIGALE. Hemigalus, fourdan Comptes Rend., v, p. 442 (1837). Type, H. hardwickii. Hemigalea, Gray P. Z.S., p. 524 (1864). Hemigale hardwickii. Viverra hardwickii, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 9 (1830). Hemigalus zebra, Fourdan Comptes Rend., v, p. 442 (1837). . Paradoxurus derbianus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. Nat. Hist., i, p. §79 (1837); Cantor F$. A. S. B., xv, p. 202. - Paradoxurus zebra, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. §79 (1837). Viverra boiei, Miller Tijdschr. Natuur. Ges., v, p. 144 (1838); Miller & Schlegel Tem. Verhandl., p. 121, pl. xviii. Hemigalea derbiana, Blyth Cat. no. 147, p. 46 (1863); Fentink Notes Leyd, Mus., Xi, p. 23. Hemigalea hardwickii, Gray P. Z. S., p.524 (1864) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 57; Thomas P. Z.S., 1886, p. 73. ; Distribution.—Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. a. Stuffed Malacca M., de Stow, 1843, A.S.B. Genus ARCTOGALE. Arctogale, Gray P. Z. S., p. 542 (1864). Arctogale trivirgata. Paradoxurus trivirgatus, Gray P. Z.S., p. 68 (1832); Temminck Monogr. Mamm,, ii, p. 333; pl. lxiii. Arctogale ‘trivirgata, Blanford P,Z. S., p. 789 (1885). Distribution —Java only The single specimen A. trivirgata is from Java, and seems to differ from A. leucotis in being smaller, having the three dark lines down the back much more distinct, and wanting the dark patch at the base of the ear. The skull also differs in being smaller, and the palate is not produced back so far as in A. leucotis. a, Stuffed, skull Java W. Rutledge, 1870, e Arctogale leucotis. Paguma trivirgata, apud Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 55 (1843); Cantor ALS. B., Xv. p. 201. : Pap pa eee Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 66 (1851); Blyth F. A. S B., xxvii, p. 274; Blyth Cat. no. 153, Pp. 48; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 76; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 26. ; Paradoxurus stigmaticus, Temminck Esquis. Zool., p. 120 (1853); Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., vii, p. 35; id. ibid, xi, p. 23. R 242 MAMMALIA. Paradoxurus trivirgata, apud Blyth Cat. no. 150, p. 47 (1863). Arctogale trivirgata, Gray P. Z.S., p. 543 (1864); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., + 75° “ Povadoxtint prehensilis, apud P. L. Sclater P. Z, S., p. 681, pl. xxi (1877). Arctogale leucotis, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 789 (1885) ;. Thomas P. Z.S., 1886, p- 73; Blanford Mammals, p. 115; Anderson F. Linn, Soc., xxi, p. 338. Small Palm Civet; Na-zwet-phyoo, Arakan; Kyoung-na-ga in Tenasserim, Kyoung-na-rwek-phyoo, Burmese. . Distribution.—Sikkim, Arakan, Burma, Malay Peninsula, Suma- tra and Borneo. There has been some confusion with regard to the species of Arctogale which, according to Blanford (P. Z.S., 1885, p. 789), are two in number, Arctogale trivirgata, Gray, confined to Java, and Arctogale leucotis, Horsf. (=A. stigmatious of Temminck), found in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra and stretching up through Arakan to Darjeeling, whence there is a skin in the Museum “a” which is probably referable to this species though, in the absence of the skull, it is not possible to make an authoritative assertion. The specimens “f,” “g” and “h” were all identified by Blyth as A. trivirgata, of these “‘g” and “h” seem to accord better with A. leucotis and have been re-named so; the third “f” is from Malacca and is larger and of a darker colour, and wants the black patch at the base of the ear, so that it is poss'ble that it will turn out to be a new species. a, Skin Darjeeling Dr. Stewart 1856, A. S. B. 6. Skin, skull Moulmein dist. Museum Collector, 1873. ec. Skin, skull sa No history. : d, Stuffed, skull uaa F. Skipwith, 1845, A. S. B. e. Stuffed, skull Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1846, A. S. B. J. Stuffed, skull Malacca Rev. F, T. Lindstedt, 1846, A.S. B. g. Stuffed Rangoon Zoological Gardens, 1878. h, Stuffed, skull Malacca ~ Rev. F. T. Lindstedt, 1847, juv. A.S.B. @% Skull ae No history, A. S. B. k. Skeleton 2 seis Zoological Gardens. 2, Skin 3 King Isle, Mergui, J. Anderson. 7-2-82, Genus PARADOXURUS, Paradoxurus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. live. xxiv (1821). Type, P, niger. Paguma, Gray P. Z. S., p. 95 (1831). Type, P. larvatus. Platyschista, Otto Nova Acta Acad, Leop, Caro., xvii, p. 1089 (1835). Type, P. hermaphroditus. Key of the Indian Species. a. The bony palate extends less than ‘25 inches behind the posterior molars ; vibrissae in general dark coloured. PARADOXURUS, 243 4. Colour fulvous, ashy or black ; the anterior palatine foramina, only extending as far as the canines. c. Teeth moderate; upper sectorial -30 inches long by °25 inches wide. P. hermaphroditus, p. 243. ce, Teeth very large; upper sectorial *39 inches long by °33 inches wide. P, macrodus, p. 246. 4. Colour dark brown, fur grizzled, not glossy, with brown tips; anterior palatine foramina extending to opposite the ante- rior premolars. P. jerdoni, p. 246. 88, Colour rusty red throughout. P, aureus, p. 247. a The bony palate extends more than °25 inches behind the poste- rior molars; vibrissae in part at least conspicuously white. d, Colour gray or fulvous; head markings indistinct; skull 4°5 to 4°75 inches long. P. grayi, p, 247. d*, Colour brown or rufous; head markings generally dis- tinct brown and whitish, a broad pale band across forehead or whole face whitish; skull about 5 inches long. P, leucomystax, p. 248. Paradoxurus hermaphroditus. Var A.—typicus. Viverra hermaphrodita, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 426 (1778). Viverra prehensilis, Desmavest Mamm., p. 208 (1820). Viverra musanga, Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 252 (1820); Horsfield Zool. Res., with plate (1824). Paradoxurus prehensilis, Gray P. Z. S., p. 66 (1832) ; id. Lusty. Ind, Zool. li, pl. ix. : Pi esosuras musanga, Gray P. Z.S., p. 66 (1832); Cantor F. A.S. B., xv, p. 201 ; Blyth Cat. no. 148, p. 46. [pt.]; Ferdon Mamm., p. 125; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl,, p. 31; Blyth F. A.S.B., xliv Burma list, p. 26; Sterndale Mamm. Ind. p. 216; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus,, xi, p. 22. Paradoxurus dubius, Gray P. Z. S., p. 66 (1832). Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Gray P.Z.S., p.67 (1832); Blanford P, Z.S. 1885, p. 794; Thomas P. Z, S., 1886, pp. 67,73 ; W.L. Sclater P. A. S. Buy 1888, p. 125 ; Blanford Mammals, p. 108; Anderson F. Linn. Soc., xxi, » 338. Paradoeurda pallasii, Gray °. Z. S., p.67 (1832). Paradoxurus crossii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 67 (1832). Paradoxurus finlaysonii,. Gray P..Z. S., p. 68 (1832). Paradoxurus quinquelineatus, Gray Charvlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 579 (1837). Paradoxurus musangoides, Gray Charlesw. Mag, N. H.,i., p. 579 (1837). R2 244 MAMMALIA. Paradoxurus felinus, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl, ii., p. 349 (1841). Paradoxurus nigrifrons, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 55 (1843). Paradoxurus setosus, Pucheran Hombr. et Facg. Voy. au Péle Sud Zool., iii, p. 25, pl. vi (1853). Paradoxurus fasciatus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 536 (1864). Var. B.—strictus. Paradoxurus strictus, Hersfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 10§ (1855).. Paradoxurus quadriscriptus, Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p. 106 (1855) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 5. Var. C.—niger. Viverra niger, Desmarest Mamm., p. 208 (1820). Viverra bondar, Desmarest Mamm, p. 210 (1820). : Paradoxurus typus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xxiv (1821); Sykes P.Z.S., 1831, p. 102 ; Elliot Madr, Fourn., x, p. 103; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus., p. 60; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylat., p. 38. Paradoxurus leucopus, Ogilby Zool, Fourn., iv, p. 304 (1828), Paradoxurus bondar, Gray P. Z. S., p. 66 (1832) ; id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p- 10; Ferdon Mamm., p. 128. Paradoxurus pennanti, Gray P. Z, S., p. 66 (1832). Platyschista pallassi, Otto Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro., xvii, p. 1089 (1835). Paradoxurus hirsutus, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 72 (1836) ; id. ¥. A. S. B., x, P. 909. Paguma bondar, Horsfield Cat. Mamm. E. I. Mus., p. 68 (1851). Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, apud Gray P. Z.S., p. 532 (1864). Paradoxurus musanga, apud Blyth Cat. n0. 148, p. 46 (1863); Ferdon Mamm., p. 125 [pt.} | Paradoxurus niger, Blanford P. Z.S., p.792 (1885); Thomas P. Z. S., 1886. Pp 55 W. L. Sclater P, A. S. B., 1888, p. 125; Blanford Mammals, p. 106. The Toddy Cat or Palm Cat; Lakati also Jharka kutta, Hindus- tani; Bhondor, Bengali; Menuri, Deccan ; Ud, Mahrattas; Kera bek, Canarese; Manu pilli (tree cat), Telegu; Marra pilli, Malayalim ; Oogoodova, Cingalese ; Kyoung woon bouk, Arakan and Burmese ; Jymabel (Walker), Assamese. Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout Burma Siam, the Malay Peninsula, and the Islands of Sumatra, Borneo and Java; var. strictus seems to be confined to the Sikkim Terai and Assam; var. niger is found throughout India proper, from the Himalayas southwards, including Ceylon, becoming rarer towards the north-west and in the east in Lower Bengal, where it mixes with the typical variety. Blanford in his monograph of the genus Paradoxurus (P. Z.’S., 1885, p. 780) divided the common toddy cat into two distinct species ; it seems however more in accordance with the facts to recognize the two species only as geographical races; since, PARADOXURUS. 245 although the toddy cat of Southern India is fairly distinguishable from that of the Malay Peninsula, the forms met with in Lower Bengal are intermediate between the two. The typical variety is distinguished by the marked longitudinal stripes down the back ; the hill variety (var. strictus), by its darker colour, more distinct spots, and smaller size, the Indian variety (var. niger) by the absence of definite stripes and spots which are replaced by dusky patches. Var. A.—typicus. @ Skin eee W. Rutledge. é. Skin, skelet.@ Calcutta H. Philips. ce. Skin, skull @ Midnapore jungles Zoological Gardens. uv, d@, Skin,skelet.Q = anes W. Rutledge. e. Skin, skull @ Calcutta Rajah R. Mullick. juv. f. Skin,skelet.g Calcutta Rajah R. Mullick. g. Stuffed @ Calcutta Purchased, 1870. A. Stuffed juv, Calcutta J. Hinder, 1868, j. Stuffed Bengal J. W. Laidlay. &. Skin, skull Calcutta Purchased, 1870. 1, Skin, skull Calcutta Purchased, 1870. -m. Stuffed Calcutta Purchased, 1870. n, Skin, skull King Isle, Mergui,31-1-82 J. Anderson. o. Skin ¢g KingIsle, Mergui, 10-2-82 J. Anderson, p. Skin King Isle, Mergui, 1-2-82 J. Anderson. Var. B.—strictus. a Skin eee Zoological Gardens, & Skin Dikrang, Assam H. H. Godwin Austen, ce. Stuffed Assam J. Anderson, 1870. d. Stuffed Assam J. Anderson, 1870, Var. C.—niger. a. Skull oe ees No history. é. Skin, skull 9 Calcutta Purchased, e. Skin juv. (Kitten of “b”). @. Skin sees T. Galaffle. e. Skin @ Paresnath, Bengal E. V. Westmacott, 1868. Jf. Skin Goona, C. I. A. Barclay, 1878. g. Skin Benares, N.-W.P. C. Horne, 1864, A.S.B, h. Skin,skelet. g Koila Ghat, Bengal Zoological Gardens, j. Skin, skull g Museum compound Museum Coll. juv. Calcutta. &. Skin, skull 9 Rangoon ? W. Rutledge. 2, Skin, skull canes Babu P. K. Shaw, 1863, AS.B. 246 MAMMALIA. m. Stuffed Agra, N..W.P. Agra Museum, 1870. n. Skin, skull 9 issees Zoological Gardens, 1878. o. Skull Calcatta A.S.B, b. Skull Goalpara, Assam No history. q. Skull eT Ty A.S.B. r. Skeleton siapees A.S.B. s. Skull eens No history. t. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Mus, #. Skin Shevaroy hills Mrs. W. King. v. Skull, skin of Shevaroy hills Mrs. W. King. head. w. Skull teneee A.S.B. Paradoxurus macrodus. Paradoxurus macrodus, Gray P, Z.S., p. 538 (1864) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 70; Blanford P, Z. S., 1885, p. 801; W. L. Sclater P. A, S. B,, 1888, p. 125. Distribution —Malay Peninsula. Among the specimens of Paradoxurus belonging to the old collection of the Asiatic Society are four obtained from Malacca, identified by Blyth as Paradoxurus musanga, on examining the skulls, however, it was at once seen that these specimens were really Paradoxurus macrodus of Gray, only known hitherto from a single skull in the British Museum (Blanford P.Z.S., 1885, p. 801). In external characters this species does not differ appreciably from Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, but the skulls are at once distin- guished by the large size of the teeth. a. Stuffed, skull Malacca E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. &. Stuffed, skull Malacca E, Lindstedt, A.S.B. ¢. Stuffed, skull Malacca E. Lindstedt, A.S.B, juv. d. Stuffed juv. Malacca E. Lindstedt, A.S.B. e. Skeleton Q eecuce Zoological Gardens, J. Skeleton @Q sees Zoological Gardens, Paradoxurus jerdoni. Paradoxurus jerdoni, Blanford P. Z. S., pp. 613 & 802, I. xlix (188) W. L. Sclater P. A. S, B., 1888, p. 124; Blanfora Mammake, o nent Zs, p. 111, Distribution —Southern India, Madura Hills (Blanford), and Nilgiris. ; This species of Paradoxurus lately described by Blanf (P. Z.S., 1885, p. 613), is at once distinguished from P, feaneee ditus by the length of the anterior palatal foramina which extend back to a line drawn through the middle of the rst pair of pre- PARADOXURUS. - 247 molars. The tip of the tail in the single specimen in the Museum fs black, not white as described and figured by Blanford. a, Skin, skull Ootacamund, 2-88 J. Ross. Paradoxurus aureus. Paradoxurus aureus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, ix, p. 48, pl. iv (1822); Blanford P. Z. S., 1885, pl. 1, p. 802; id. Mammals, p. 110. Paradoxurus zeylanicus, Kelaart Prod. Faun. Zeylan. p. 39 (1852); Blyth F A. Sv By xx, pp. 161, 184; id. Cat, p. 47; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 64. ea montanus, Kélaart apud Blyth F, A. S. B. xx, p. 161 1851). Coolla wedda, Cingalese. Distribution.—Ceylon. a. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. L, Layard, 1849, A.S.B. 6. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E, L. Layard, 1849, A.S.B. ce. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. L, Layard, 1849, A.S.B juv. a, Skin Ceylon (West Prov.) Colombo Museum. Paradoxurus grayi, Paradoxurus grayi, Bennett P. Z, S., p. 118 (1835); Blyth Cat. no. 154, p. 48; Ferdon Mamm., p. 128; McMaster Notes on F$erdon, p. 37; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 26; Spearman Burma Gazett., p- 549; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 217; Ball Stray Feathers, ii, p. 369; Blanford P. Z. S. 1885, p. 803; id. Mammals, p. 112. Paradoxurus nipalensis, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 76 (1836). Paguma grayi, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 54 (1843) ; id. Cat. Hodgs, Coll., ist ed., p. 9; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 73. Paradoxurus tytlerii, Tytler ¥. A. S. B., xxxiii, p. 188 (1864). Paradoxutus laniger, apud Blyth Cat. no. 152, p. 48; id. $. A. S. B., xxvii, Pp. 274. Distribution —The Himalayas from Simla to Assam, Arakan and the Andamans; Chota Nagpore? (Ball) Northern Circars ? (McMasters). Paradoxurus tytleri was described by Tytler as the species of Palm Cat inhabiting the Andamans, it is represented in the Museum collection by several specimens, ze, “1,” “m,” “n,” “‘p,” “q;” these specimens confirm, what has been already shown by Blanford, that this insular form in no way differs from the ordinary P. grayi. Blyth named one of the specimens below “o” P. laniger of Hodgson, it does not agree, however, with the description of P. laniger, in which the tail is said to be 4 the length of the body and tapering; the tail of specimen ‘‘o” is quite as long as the body, and approximately of the same width throughout, and the 248 * MAMMALIA, whole appearance of the skin accords with that of P. grayi; un- fortunately the skull is missing. a. Skin, skull 6. Skin, skull 2 c. Skin ooacee Assam . No history. A. W. Chennell, 1875. India Mus., London. ad, Skin Sikkim (Hodgson) India Mus.. London. e. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. J. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli, 1877. g. Skin Chota Nagpore V. Ball, 1876. hk, Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1844, A.S.B. j. Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1844, A.S.B, k, Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A.S.B, 2, Stuffed, skull Andamans R.C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. m, Stuffed, skull Andamans R. C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. n. Stuffed, skull Andamans R.C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. o, Stuffed Himalayas en of Burdwan, 1858, WS.B. p. Skeleton Andamans R.C. Tytler, 1864. g- Skull Ardamans R. C. Tytler, 1864. 7 Skull Benares ? C. Horne, 1868, s. Skeleton #, Skin, skull ¢ No history. W. Rutledge, 1880. jyuv. zw. Skull Darjeeling No history. v. Skull Darjeeling Dr. Stewart, 1856, A.S.B. w. Skull Andamans R. C. Tytler, A.S.B. x, Skin Nepal J. Scully. y. Skin Shillong, Assam T, LaTouche. Paradoxurus leucomystax. Paradoxurus leucomystax, Gray P. Z.S., p. 88 (1836) ; id. Charlesw, Mag. N. #1, i, p. $79 (1837) 5 Blyth Cat., p. 48; Miller Over de Zoogdieven in Tem. Verhandl., p. 32; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus. v,p.178; Blanford P. Z, S. 1885, p. 805; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus.,, xi, p. 23 , Paradoxurus jourdani, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 879 (1837). Paguma leucomystax, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. §8 (1843); Cantor Ff. A. S. B., xv, p. 200; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., P> 73. Paradoxurus ogilbyi, Fraser Zool. Typ. pl. x (1849). Paradoxarus auratus, Blainville Osteog., ii, Viverra, p. 06 (1839-64). es tubidus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 275 (1858); id. Cat. no, 155) P, 48. : Distribution —Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and other islands but not Java (Blanford). Aone? a. Skin, skelet. 9 5. Skin, skelet. 9 ee e. Skin, skull 9 Malacca (Cantor) d, Stuffed,skull Malacca taneae W. Rutledge, 1875, Purchased, 1879. India Mus,, London. Messrs. Lindstedt and Frith, 1843, A.S. B. e. Stuffed, skull Malacca Messrs, Lindstedt and Frith, 1843, A.S.B. J Stuffed, skull oaseee Purchased, 1857, A. S. B, {Type of P, rubidus, Blyth.] ARCTICTIS. 249 Paradoxurus laniger. Paradoxurus laniger, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 79 (1836); Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 74; Blanford P. Z. S., 1885, p. 807; id. Mammals, p. 114. Paguma laniger, Gray List Mamm. B, M.,"p. §5 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll, 1st. ed. p. g. Disiribution.—Thibet? [No specimen in the Museum ] Genus ARCTICTIS. Arctictis, Temminck Prospec. Monogr. Mamm. (1824)*; id. Monogr. Mamm., i, p. xxi, and ii, p. 310. ; Ictides, Valenciennes Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), iv, p. 57 (1824). Arctictis binturong. Viverra binturong, Raffles Linn, Trans., xiii, p. 252 (1822). Paradoxurus albifrons, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, ix, p. 48, pl. iv (1822), Ictides ater, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. xliv (1824); M’Clelland Cale. $. N. H., ii, p. 457. Ictides albifrons, Valenciennes Ann. Sci. Nat., (1) iv, p. 57 (1824). Arctictis binturong, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., ii, p. 308 (1835); Cantor F. A. S. B. xv, p. 192; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p.94; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 58; Blyth Cat. no. 157, p.49; Ferdon Mamm., p.130; Mc Master Notes on Ferdon, p. 37; Blyth F. A.S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 26; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 550; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 221; Blanford Mammals, p. 118. ees pencillatus, Maller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 32 (1839). The Binturong or Bear Cat; Myouk kya, Burmese. Distributton.—The Himalayas from Simla to Assam, Burma, Siam, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Java and Sumatra (Muller). a. Skin : Chittagong E. Sanders. 6. Skin, skelet. ¢ spain Purchased, 18709. c. Skin, skull ¢ stssisa Purchased, 1879. d. Skin, skull 9 sieves Zoological Gardens. e. Skin juv. 9 weal W. Rutledge, 1878. Ff. Skin, skull Q eaiiaaa W. Rutledge, 1882. g. Skin, skelet.g Malacca? Rajah R. Mullick, 1873. h. Skin, skelet. seenes W. Rutledge. j. Skeleton g Arakan Sir A. Phayre, A. S. B. & Skull aad H. Falconor, 1854, A. S. B, 2. Skin, skull g Stee Purchased, 1879. m. Skeleton ¢ Seis Purchased, 1879. nm. Skull esenes No history, A. S. B. Genus CYNOGALE, Cynogale, Gray P. Z. S., p. 88 (1836). Potamophilus, Miller Tijdsch. Natuur. Gesch.,v, «140 (1838). 250 MAMMALIA. Cynogale bennetti. Cynogale bennettii, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. #.,i, p. 579 (1836); Gervais Voyage Bonite Zool., p. 24, pl. vi; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p, 203; Wallace Island life, p 351; Blyth Cat. no. 156, Pp. 49; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 78; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., Xi, p. 24. " . Viverra carcharias, fourdain Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), viii, p. 281, pl. viii 1837). Be ils barbatus, Miiller Tijdsch. Natuur. Gesch., vs p. 142 (1838); _ Miller and Schlegel in Tem. Verhandl., p. 115, pl. xvii. Cynogale barbata, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 388. Distribution.—Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra and Borneo. a, Stuffed, skull Malayan Peninsula Rev. F. J. Lindstedt, 1845, A. S. B. 6. Skin, skelet. uae i W. Rutledge, 1882. Genus EUPLERES. Eupleres, Doyere Aun. Sci. Nat. (2), iv, p. 280'(1835). Eupleres goudoti. Eupleres goudotii, Doyere Ann. Sci. Nat. (2), iv, p. 281 (1835) ; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 177- Distribution —Madagascar. a. Skin Madagascar Brit. Mus. [Ex.] 4. Skelet. Madagascar Brit, Mus. [Ex.] Genus HERPESTES. Ichneumon, apud Lacépéde Mem. Insti. Paris, iii, p. 492 (1801). Type, H. ichneumon. Herpestes, Ildiger Prodr., p. 135 (1811). Tye, H. ichneumon. Mangusta, Olivier apud Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 162 (1820). Mungos, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 103 (1835). Type, H. vitticollis. Urva, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B,, vi, p. 561 (1837). Type, H. urva, Mesobema, Hodgson F, A. S. B., x, p. 910 (1841). Type, H. urva. Osmetectis, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 260 (1842). Type, H. urva. Calogale, Gray P. Z. S., p. 560 (1864). Type, H. auropunctatus, Calictis, Gray t. c., p. 564 (1864). Type, H. smithi. Taeniogale, Gray t. ¢., p. 569 (1864). Tyse, H. vitticollis. Onychogale, Gray t. c., p. 570 (1864). Type, H. maccarthiz, Key of the Indian Species. a. No bands or stripes on the body; colour more or less con- colorous. 5, Small (skull under 2} inches long), fur adpressed; hairs HERPESTES 251 on the posterior part of the back and commencement of the tail not longer than those of the rest of the body. H. auropunctata, p. 251. 2, Large (skull over 3 inches long), fur not adpressed ; hairs on the posterior part of the back considerably elongated. ¢. Tail black tipped. . H. smithi, p, 254. ¢*. Tail without black tip, e. Hair with 3 very narrow light bands, about ? the length of the dark bands. /. Very dark, under-fur dark-brown. H. fuscus, p. 255. f°. Light yellowish ; tail-tip pure yellow. H. fulvescens, p. 255. é. Hair with light and dark bands of equal length. H. mungo, p. 253. a®. With streaks behind the ears. h. Black streak behind the ear; limbs dark; tip of tail black; red onhind-quarters. . - Hz. vitticollis, p, 256. #®, White streak behind the ear; tail not black tipped; back with white tips to the fur; below chest and limbs reddish brown. ‘ ‘ - - H. urva, p. 256, Herpestes auropunctatus. Var, A.—typicus. Viverra auropunctata, Hodgson F. A. S. B., v, p. 235 (1836). Herpestes nipalensis, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H.,i., p. 578 (1837); Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 9; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p.gt ; Blyth Cat, no. 165, p. 51; Ferdon Mamm., p. 136. Herpestes auropunctatus, Wagner Schrebr. Saugeth. Suppl, ii, p. 310 (1841); Cantor F. A. S B., xv, p. 242; Alston P. Z. S., 1870, p. 665; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 173, pl. xi, figs. 11and 12; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 20; Blanford Mammals, p. 121. Herpestes pallipes, Blyth F. A. S. B., xiv, pe 346 (1845). Herpestes griseus, apud Hutton F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 346 (1845). Herpestes javanicus, Blyth ¥. A, S. B., xxi, p. 349 (1852). Herpestes persicus, Gray P.Z.S., p. 554 (1864); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 151; Blanford Persia., p. 42; id. P. Z. S., 1874, p. 663; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 33; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 174, pl. ix, figs. 9 and 10. Calogale nepalensis, Gray Cat, Carn. Mamm,, p. 158 (1869). 252 MAMMALIA. Var. B.—birmanicus. Herpestes auropunctatus birmanicus, Thomas Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xvii, p. 84 (1886) ; id. P. Z. S., 1886, p. 58. Herpestes birmanicus, Blanford Mammals, p. 122 (1888). Mush-i khourma, Persian. ‘ Distribution.—South-west Persia (Blanford), Sind (Blanford), Kandahar (Hutton), and the lower ranges of the Himalayas and their neighbouring plains from Kashmir to Sikkim, including Lower Bengal. The Burmese variety is found in Assam, Upper and Lower Burma and perhaps the Malay Peninsula. There is now in the Museum a very fair series of Herpestes persicus of Gray; Anderson in his Zoological Researches seems to doubt whether this species is separable from H. auropunctatus ; he, however, asserts that the skull of Herpestes persicus is less elongated with a broader and shorter muzzle, wider palate and broader frontal area between the orbits; all these differences seem to break down on examining a larger series of skulls, such as the Museum now possesses, and it is quite impossible to find any point of distinction between these two so-called species. Thomas has also separated the Assamese and Burmese small mungoose as a distinct geographical race, and Blanford has raised this race to the dignity of a species. There seems no ground for specifically separating these two races, as the distinction seems to rest merely on the slightly larger size and darker colour of the Burmese race; the hind-foot and tarsus of the four representatives of this race in the Museum varies from 1°95 to 2'05 inches, while those of the typical raée run up to 2°05 as well. Var. A.—typicus. a. Skin : Pind Dadan Khan, W. Theobold, 1867, A.S.B. Punjab. 6, Skin @ Shahpur, Punjab G. Henderson. ¢. Skin, skull Quetta, Br. Baluchis- Zoological Gardens, 1887. tan, (Sir O. St.John). d, Skin, skull Sukkur, Sind F. Day [P.], 1876. e. Skin, skull g Agra, N.-W. P. Agra Museum. J. Skin Agra, N.-W. P. No history. g. Skin N.-W. Himalayas T. C. Jerdon. A. Skin, skull Nepal Mus. Coll, 1872. J. Skin Nepal J. Scully, & Skin, skull Calcutta (Bot. Gar- J, Anderson. dens). 2. Skin Calcutta J. Anderson, 1869. m. Skin,skull g Calcutta J. Anderson, 1869, n. Skin é Calcutta Purchased. HERPESTES. 253 o. Skin Mutlah, Bengal Mus. Coll., 1870. fp» Skull Manbhoom, Bengal J. Anderson, 1877, q- Skull Manbhoom, Bengal J. Anderson, 1877. 7. Skeleton é ore Calcutta Zoological Gar- dens, 1877. s. Skeleton é eevee J. Anderson. t. Skeleton é we be8 J. Anderson. u, Skeleton seeee Purchased. v. Skeleton @ Botanical Gardens J. Anderson, 1866. w. Skeleton é Calcutta ~ J. Anderson, 1865. x. Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. y. Stuffed Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. z. Stuffed juv, Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. a®, Stuffed juv. Calcutta E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 6°, Stuffed Midnapore R. Rollo, A.S.B. c?, Stuffed Midnapore R. Rollo, A.S.B. d?, Stuffed Agra, N.-W. P. Dr. Stewart, A.S.B. e?, Stuffed Agra, N.-W. P. Dr, Stewart, A.S.B. f?. Alc. skull @ Rajanpur, Punjab E. Sanders, 2%. Ale. skull g Sind Karachi Museum. A. Alc. skull @ Karachi Karachi Museum. Var. B.—birmanicus, ae Skin Cachar Mus. Coll, 6 Skull Cachar Mus. Coll. ee Skin, skull Chittagong D. Thorburn, 1864, A.S.B. a. Skin, skull Sawaddy, Burma J. Anderson, Herpestes mungo. Viverra mungo, Gmelin Syst. Nat. i, p. 84 (1788). Herpestes griseus, Desmarest Mamm., p, 212 (1820). Herpestes frederici, Desmarest Dict, Sc. Nat., xxix, p. 60 (1823). Mangusta malaccensis, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 164 (1820). Mangusta grisea, id. ibid. ; Herpestes griseus, Sykes P. Z.S., p.102,(1831); Wagner Hugel’s Rasch. mir, iv, p. 570; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 242; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Museum, p.90; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 41; Adams P, Z. Ss, 1858, p. 516; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 151; Blyth Cat. no. 164, Pp. 51; Ferdon Mamm., p, 132; Stoliczka F. A. S. B.,xli, p. 227; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 33; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 223; Thomas P. Z. S:, 1886, p. 56; Bligh and Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 58. Herpestes nyula, Hodgson F. A. S.B.,v, p. 236 (1836) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 8. Mangusta mungos, Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 102 (1839). Herpestes pallidus, Wagner Schrebr. Sdugeth. Suppl., ii, p. 311 (1841); Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 181. ° Herpestes malaccensis, Blyth F. A. S. B, xxi, p. 349 (1852); id. Cat. no. 163, p. 51; Ferdon Mamm., p. 134; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm, » 153. Herpestes fimbriatus, Temminck Esquis. Zool., p. 112 (1853). 254 MAMMALIA, Calogale nyula, Gray P. Z. S., p. 560 (1864); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., . 158. cyricds fimbriatus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 171 (1869). ' Herpestes ferrugineus, Blanford P.Z.S., p. 661, pl. Ixxxi (1874); Murray Zool. Sind, p. 33; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 182. Herpestes andersoni, Murray Zool. Sind, p. 34 (1884). Herpestes mungo, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 631 (1887); id. Mammals, p. 123. The Gray Mungoose; Mungli, Canarese; Mongus, Mahratti; Moogatea, Cingalese; Nyul, Hindustani; Benji, Bengali ; Mungi, Mungisu-yentawa, Telegu; Koral, Gonds; Baj or Bij, Behar; Newera, Nore, Sind. ‘ Distribution.—India generally, from the Himalayas southwards, z.e., Kashmir (Hugel), Punjab (J. M.), Deccan (Sykes), Cutch (Sto- liczka), Sind (Murray), Travancore (I. M.), Assam also Ceylon (Kelaart) and has been recorded fromthe Malay Peninsula, but was probably imported there. a. Skin &@ Agra, N-W P. Agra Museum, 1870. 6-d, 3 Skins Q Agra, N.-W.P. Agra Museum, 1870. e-g. 3 Skins Travancore Purchased. hk. Skin Travancore Rev. T. Baker, A.S.B. jem. 4 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1881. n. Skull Manbhoom, Beng. J. Anderson, 1877. o. Stuffed a No history, A S.B. &. Stuffed an ‘ No history, A.S.B. q. Stuffed juv. Bengal No history, A.S.B, 7 Stuffed a, ‘ G. Finch, 1848, A.S.B. s. Stuffed é& Calcutta Parchased. #. Stuffed Assam H. P. Pierre. u, Skin Deccan (Sykes) India Mus., London. v. Skin Shevaroy Hills, Md. Mrs. W. King. w-x 2 Skins ¢ Bangalore Mus. Coll., Jatfa. Var.—ferrugineus. a. Skin, skull Larkhana, Sind, F. Day [P ], 1876° {Type of H. ferrugineus, Blanford.] 62 Skin, skull Bushire, Persian Gulf Karachi Mus. [Ex.] ce. Stuffed beseas No history, A. S. B. Herpestes smithi. Herpestes smithi, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §78 (1837); id. P. Z. S. 1851, p 131, pl. xxx; Blyth Cat. no. 162, p- 50; Ferdon Mamm., P- 135; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res.,p.176; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, p. 126; Bligh and Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 58. Herpestes thysanurus, Wagner Minch. Gel. Anz., ix., p. 439 (1839); id. Schreber Saugeth. Suppl., ii., p. 301. Crossarchus rubiginosus, Wagner Schreber Siugeth. Suppl., ii, p. 329 (1841). Herpestes ellioti, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xx, p. 162 (4851). Herpestes rubiginosus, Kelaavt Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 213 (1852). Calictis smithi, Gray P. Z. S., p. 565 (1864). HERPESTES. 255 Herpestes jerdoni, Gray P.Z. S., p. 550 (1864); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p- 148; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 183; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 225. Herpestes monticolus, ferdon Mamm., p. 135 (1867). The Ruddy Mungoose; Konda yentava, Telegu; Erima-kiri- pilai, Tam. ; Deeto, Cingalese. Distribution.—Over the whole of India but rare, from Kashmir southwards, also Ceylon. a. Skin é Bangalore Mus. Coll., Jaffa. 6. Stuffed and Ceylon E. F, Kelaart, 1852, A.S.B. skelet. mtd. c. Stuffed é Singhbhoom V. Ball, 1869. Herpestes fuscus. Herpestes fuscus, Waterhouse P. Z. S., p. 55 (1838); Blyth Cat. no. 167, p. 52; Ferdon Mamm., p. 136; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p.152; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 184, pl. viii, figs. 1, 2; Blanford Mammals, p. 127. Distribution.—Travancore and Nilgiri Hills (Jerdon) ; stated by Anderson to be found also in Ceylon. a. Stuffed Ootacamund, Md, T.C, Jerdon, 1842, A.S.B. Herpestes fulvescens. Herpestes fulvescens, Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 162 (1851); id. ibid, xxi, p. 348; id Cat., p. 52; Blanford Mammals, p. 127. Herpestes flavidens, Blyth F. A. S. B., xx, p. 184 (1851); Kelaart Prodr, Faun. Zeylan., p. 44. Cynictis maccarthie, Gray P. Z. S., p. 131, pl. xxxi (:851). Onychogale maccarthiz, Gray P. Z. S., p. §70 (1864). Herpestes maccarthiz, Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 178 (1878); Nevill and Bligh Taprobanian, i, p. 58. Herpestes ceylanicus, Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 62 (1885). Ram-mugatea, Cingalese. Distribution.—Ceylon. uw. Stuffed, skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, 1852, A.S.B. b-c. 2 Skulls dasa No history, A.S.B. ad. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Mus,, 1888. Herpestes brachyurus, Herpestes brachyurus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 578 (1837); Cantor F.A.S. B., xv, p. 243 ; Blyth Cat.no. 170, p. 52; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p- 154; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 187; Wallace Island Life, p. 351 ; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., Xi, p. 23. Distribution. —Malay Peninsula and Borneo, a. Stuffed Malay Peninsula C. Huffnagle, 1846, A.S.B. 6. Skull Malay Peninsula C. Huffnagle, 1846, A.S.B. c. Skin aaa Zoological Gardens, 1882, 256 Herpestes vitticol Zeylan, p. 42; Ferdon Mamm., p. 188; Blanford Mammals, p. 12 Mungos v Mangusta vitticollis, MAMMALIA. Herpestes vitticollis. lis, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 67 (1835); Kelaart Prodr. Faun. p. 137; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., 8; Nevill Taprobanian, i, p. 60. itticollis, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 103 (1835) ; Blyth Cat., p. 50. Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 103 (1839). Taeniogale vitticollis, Gray P. Z.S., p. 569 (1864); id, Cat. Carn. Mamm., Pp. 167. Loco moogatea, Cingalese. Distribution.—Southern India, Malabar Coast (Jerdon), and Ceylon (Kelaart). a. Skin Travancore 6. Stuffed, skull Malabar: c. Stuffed Ceylon d. Skull, juv. ‘iets e. Skin Ceylon The Purchased. T. C. Jerdon, 1846, A.S.B. E. L. Layard, 1848, A.S.B. No history, A S.B. Colombo Museum. Herpestes urva. ?Viverra fusca, Gray Il!ustr. Ind. Zool., i, pl. v (1830). Gulo urva, Hodgson F. AS. B., v, p. 238 (1836) ; M’Clelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 458, pl. xiii. Urva cancrivora, Hodgson $. A. S. B., vi, p. 561 (1837); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p.8; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 93; Blyth Cat. no. 158, p-. 49; Ferdon Mamm., p. 138; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 630; Blyth FA. S. B, xliv, Burma List, p. 26; Spearman Burma Gazett., p. 550. Mesobema cancrivora, Hodgson F. A. S. B., x, p..910 (1841). Osmetectis fusca, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 2b0 (1842). Herpestes urva, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 189, pl. ix, figs. 5, 6 (1878) ; Blanford Mammals, p. 129. Burmese. Distribution.—Himalayas from Nepal (Hodgson) to Assam, Arakan, Burma, to North Tenasserim and Svuth China (Swinhoe). a. Skin Chittagong Skin, skelet.@ uaa Shiga . Skin, skelet. g x Stuffed, skull Arakan Stuffed, juv. Arakan ?Skull ma weits Skin Assam Crab-eating Mungoose ; Urva, Nepalese; Mywe-ba, E. R. Shopland. Zoological Gardens, 1881. G. King, 1878. Zoological Gardens, 1878. Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. Zool. Gardens, 1882. O.L. Fraser. Herpestes caffer, Viverra cafra, Gmelin Syst, Nat., i, p. 85 (1788). Herpestes griseus, Smuts Enum. Mamm. Capens., p. 19 (1832). ae madagascariensis, Smith S. African Quart. Fourn., ii, p. 114 I 2 Herpestes bennettii, Gray Charvlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. §78 (1837). ae a caffer, Blyth Cat, no, 168, p. 52 (1803); Thomas P. Z. S., 1882, p. 66. HERPESTES, 257 Distribution.—Africa, south of the Sahara. a, Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. b, Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. ce. Skull, skelet. ¢ sence No history. Herpestes galera, Mustela galera, Evxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., ps 453 (1777) Viverra nems, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 160 (1792)*. Mustela afra, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd., p. 175 (1792)*. Ichneumon gaiera et major, Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Descrip. Egypt Hist. Nat., ii, p- 139 (1813). . Atilax vansire, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. liv (1826). Herpestes paludinosus, G. Cuvier Regne Anim,, 2nd ed., i, p. 158 (1829). Mangusta urinatrix, A. Smith Zool: Fourn., iv, p. 437 (1829). Herpestes pluto, Temminck Esquis. Zool., p. 95 (1853). Herpestes loempo, Gray P. Z. S., p. 551 (1864). Athylax vansire et paludosus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 557 (1864). Athylax robustus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 558 (1864). Herpestes paludosus, Blyth Cat. no. 169, p. 52 (1863). Herpestes galera, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 72 (1882). Distribution.—Africa, south of the Sahara. a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A.S. B. Herpestes gracilis. Herpestes gracilis, Rippel N. Wirbelth., p. 20, pl. viii, fig. 2 (1835); Thomas P. Z.S., 1882, p. 68. Herpestes mutgigella, Rippel t.c., p. 29, pl. ix, fig. 1 (1835); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 234. Cynictis melanurus, Martin P. Z. S., p. §6 (1836). aoe ratlamuchi et cawi, A. Smith App. Rep. S. Afr. Exp. p. 42 1§36)*. Ichneumia nigricaudatus, /s Geoff. St. Hil. Mag. de Zool., p. 18 (1839)*. Herpestes ochraceus, Gray P. Z.S., p. 138, pl. viii (1848). Herpestes badius, A. Smith S. African Zvol., pl. iv. (1849). Herpestes galinieri, Guérin Ferret,and Galinter Voy. Abyss. Atlas Zool., pl. i (1850)*. Herpestes ornatus, Peters Reise nach Mossambique Mammi., p. 117, pl. xxvi (1852). Herpestes ochromelas, Pucheran Rev. Mag. Zool. (2) vii, p. 393 (1855). gene ea al Heuglin Nova Acta Acad. Leop. Caro,, xxix, - 23 (1861). Harpestes adailensis, Heuglin Peterm. Mitth., p. 17 (1861). Calogale granti, Gray P.Z.S, p. 561 (1864). Calogale venatica, Gray ¢. ¢., p. 563 (1864). Galerella ochracea, Gray t. c., p. 564 (1864). Herpestes mutscheltschela, Heuglin Reise N. O. Afrika, ii, p. 43 (1877)*. Distribution.— Africa, south of the Sahara. a, Skin § Adegrat Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T, Blanford, 1868. ooo ft. s 258 MAMMALIA, 6. Skin g Adegrat Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 1868. 8,000 ft. ce. Skin é Senafé Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 1868. - 7,500 ft. d. Skin, skelet. ¢ Senafé Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, 1868. 8,000 ft. e aS Genus CROSSARCHUS. Crossarchus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr, xlvii (1825). Crossarchus fasciatus. Viverra ichneumon, pt. Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 430, pl. exvi (1778). Herpestes mungo, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 211 (1820). Herpestes fasciatus, Desmavest Dict. Sci. Nat., xxix, p. 58 (1823). Ichneumon tenionotus, A. Smith S. African Quart. Fourn., ii, 114 (1835)*. Mungos fasciatus, Blyth Cat. no. 160, p. 50 (1863). Ariela taenionota, Gray P. Z. S., p. 565 (1864). Crossarchus fasciatus, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 90 (1882). Distribution —South-East Africa, Caffraria to Mozambique. a. Skin, skelet. 9 Sevan Zoological Gardens, 1883. b. Stuffed Somali land Messrs. Burton and Speke, 1855, A.S B. Genus PROTELES. Proteles, Zs. Geoff. St. Hil. Mem. Mus, Paris, xi, p. 354 (1824). Proteles cristatus. Viverra cristata, Sparrman Resa till Goda Hopps Udden, p. 581 (1783). Viverra hyaenoides, Desmarest Mamm. Suppl., p. 538 (1822). Proteles lalandi, Is. Geoff. St. Hil. Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 371 (1824); Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 214. Proteles cristatus, Blyth Cat. no. 139, p. 44 (1863); Flower P. Z. S., 1869, P- 474, pl. xxxvi. Distribution.—South Africa, Cape of Good Hope. a. Skin, skull South Africa E, L. Layard, 1859, A.S.B. Genus HYAENA, Hyaena, Zimmermann Spec. Geogr. Quad., p. 365 (1777). Crocuta, Gray P. Z.S., p. 525 (1868). Type, H. crocuta. Hyaena striata, Canis hyaena, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 58 (1766). Hyaena striata, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p 256 (1780) ; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, p. 514; Blyth Cat. no. 138, p. 44; Tristram P. Z. S., 1866, p.91; Ferdon Mamm., p. 118; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 2123. HYAENA. 259 McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 34; Stoliczka F A. S. B., xii, p. 227; Atkinson N. W. P. Gaszett., xi, p. 18; Blanford Persia, p. 42; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 273, and 1880, p. 53; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 38; Sterndale Mamm, Ind., p. 205; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, p. 132; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1021, Hyaena orientalis, Tiedemann Zool., i, p, 350 (1808). Hyaena fasciata, Thunberg Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Handl. p. 59 (1820). _ Hyaena antiquorum, Temminck Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., iii, p. 51 (1820)*. Hyaena vulgaris, Desmarest Mamm., p. 215 (1820); Sykes P. Z. S., 1831, p..102; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 103; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., ili, p. 266; Hutton $. A. S. B., xiv, p. 345. The Striped Hyaena; Kirba, Kutkirba, Canarese; Turras, Mahrathi; Hondar, Lakrabagha, Jhirak, Bhagiah, Hindustani ;. Lankrabagh, Bengali; Renhra, Central India ; Cherrag, Sind. Distribution.—North Africa as far as the Senegal. Asia Minor, Palestine (Tristram), Euphrates valley, Baluchistan, Persia (Blan- ford), and Transcaspia. In India common in dry open country, 2.e., Sind (Murray), Kutch (Stoliczka) ; Kumaon submountain tracts- (Atkinson), Southern India (Sykes and Elliot), and Assam? (Walker). Notfound in Ceylon or east of the Bay of Bengal. a. Skin, skull ¢ sivas Zoological Gardens, 1876. 6. Skin Go atv es Purchased, 1879: ec, Stuffed iasaes Barrackpore Menagerie,1869.) da. Stuffed Benares, N.-W. P. Purchased, 1870. e. Stuffed juv, assess : L. C. Mullins, 1867. Ff. Stuffed, skull Midnapur, Bengal W. Rutledge, 1874. juv. g. Skeleton fuse Zoological Gardens, 1878. hk, Skeleton 3 seines No history. juv. gl. 3 Skulls sae A.S.B. m. Skall Agra, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1881 °P.] n-o, 2 Skulls Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1881. é. Skull Manbhoom, Bengal R. C. Beavan, 1865,.A.S.B. g- Skull Agra, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn, 1879. r. Skin nr. Benares, N.-W. P. No history. s-¥, 4 Skulls Banda dist., N..W.P. J. Cockburn, 1881. Hyaena crocuta. Canis crocuta, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. §78 (1777). Hyaena maculata, Zimmermann, Spec. Geogr. Quad., p. 470 (1777). Hyaena crocuta, Zimmermann Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 256 (1780); Blyth Cat., p. 43; Blanford Abyssinta, p. 235. Hyaena capensis, Desmarest Mamm., p. 216 (1820). Crocuta maculata, Gray P. Z. S., p. 525 (1868); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p- 213. Disiribution.—Africa, south of Sahara. a. Skin, skull g¢ Abyssinian Highlands W. T. Blanford. b. Skull Somali land ee Speke and Burton, A.S.B, $2 260 | MAMMALIA. Genus CUON, Cuon, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N. H., i, p. 152 (1838). Type, C. dukhunensis. Chrysaeus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 167 (1839). Type, C. dukhu- nensis. The species of the family Canidae have been arranged as far as possible according to the system adopted by Prof. Huxley in his paper on the Canidae (P. Z. S., 1880, p. 238); beginning with the higher Thooids, theWild Dogs and Wolves, then follow the Jackals and their allies, Canis procyonides being the lowest true Thooid represented ; the Alopecoid Series follows, beginning with the most highly developed foxes, Vulpes alopex and Vulpes fulvus and gra- dually descending to the microdont V. bengalensis and V. caama. Cuon dukhunensis, fCanis javanicus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 198 (1820). Canis familiaris, var. sumatrensis, Hardwicke Linn, Trans., xiii, p. 235, pl. xxiii (1822). Canis dukhunensis, Sykes P. Z.S., p. 100 (1831) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 501. Canis primevus, Hodgson As. Res., xvili, pt. 2, p. 221, (1833); Walker Cale. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266. Cuon primzvus, Hodgson Ann. Mag. N.H., i, p. 152 (1838); id. Cale. Fourn. N. H., ii, p. 205; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 10; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv, p. 196; Horsfield Cat. E. 1. Mus, p.73; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 514; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 184; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, Pp: 202. Canis familiaris var., Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 100 (1839). Canis rutilans, Miller Over de Zoogdierenin Tem. Verhandl., p. 17 (1839) ; Blyth $. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 24. : Chrysaeus primevus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Lib., ix, p. 170 (1839). Chrysaeus scylax, id. ibid, p. 179 (1839). Cuon dukhunensis, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p.73 (1851) ; Gray Cat. Carn. . Mamm., p. 186; Blanford Mammals, p. 143. Cuon sumatrensis, Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p- 79 (1851) ; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 184. Cuon rutil ans, Blyth Cat., p. 37 (1863); Ferdon Mamm., p. 145; Blanford F. A.S. B., xxxvi, P- 191; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 42; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 21; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285 ; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 239; Spearman Burma Gasett., P- 547; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 17, with plate. The Indian Wild Dog; Kohiya, Dhole, Jungli kutta, Hindustani; Kolsa, Mahratti ; Buansu, inthe Himalayas ; Tawkhwe, Burmese ; Ram hun, Kashmir; Sona kutta, Central India ; Ban kutta, North India; Reza _kutta, Adavi kutta, Telegu; Shennai, Malayalim ; Eram naiko, Gond ; Saddaki, Tibetan (Ladak) ; Suhutum Lepcha; Paoho, Bhotea ; Konaug, Assamese. : : Distribution.—India generally, ie, Gilgit (Scully), West Hima- layas (Adams), Central and Southern India (Jerdon), Nepal (Hodgson), Assam (Walker), Burma (Spearman), Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra (Hardwicke), Java and Borneo (Temminick). CUON. 261 There are said to be three varieties of Red wild dogs, which have been all classed together in the genus Cuon, 7.¢., C. dakhunensis (=primevus), C. javanicus (=C. familiaris var. sumatrensis and C. rutilans), and finally, C. alpinus. Following Scully, C. alpinus has been separated since it has a short upper sectorial compared with C. dakhunensis. The Malayan form is considered distinct by Mr. Blanford in his recent work on Indian Mammals; it is said to be smaller and rather darker coloured. The above synonymy, however, refers to the Malay as well as the Indian variety. a. Skin @ juve eee Zoological Gardens, 6. Skin @ Chybassa, Bengal A. Grote, Esq., 1856, A. S. B. ce. Skin OT Ey eee Zoological Gardens. d. Skin, skull g Banda dist., N.-W. P. J. Cockburn [P.] e. Skin, skull Buxa, Doars A. A.2A. Kinloch. Ff. Skin Sikkim L, Mandelli. g. Skin sais No history, A. S. B. h. Skin, ssnae Zoological Gardens. skelet. g juv. j. Skin, skull Sumatra ? W. Rutledge. k. Stuffed g ssnies Zoological Gardens. 1. Stuffed Darjeeling tests: Colvin Ainslie & Co., .S.B. m. Skeleton Q = = ave A A. S. B. n, Skull Nepal B. H. Hodgson, A.S.B. o. Skeleton aaa No history. p. Skin, skull Chaprot, Gilgit J. Scully. Cuon alpinus. Canis alpinus, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As., i, p. 34 (1831) ; Blyth Cat., p. 38; Van der Hoven Verh. Kon. Akad. Amster., 1856, iti; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 48, pl. ii; Radde Ost Siberien, p. 60; Severtsoff Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 48. Cuon alpinus, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xvii, p. 293 (1846); Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm.,, p. 184. Distribution.—Siberia, Turkestan (Severtzoff), Amurland (Schrenck) and Thibet (I. M.), in fact the highlands of Central Asia. The specimen below may possibly be referred to Cuon dukhunensis. a Stuffed Thibet Capt. Munro., 1845, A. S. B. Genus CANIS. Canis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 56 (1766). Saccalius, H. Smith, Fard. Nat, Libr., ix, p. 206 (1839). Type, Canis aureus, Lupus, 1. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 129 (1839). Type, Canis lupus. Oxygous, Hodgson F. A.S. B., x, p. 908 (1841). Type, Canis aureus. Key of the Indian Species. a, Skull generally exceeds 7} inches in length; head and body 3 ft. to 3 ft. 6 in.; legs long. 262 MAMMALIA. 6. The carnasial tooth exceeds in length the two posterior molars, a black stripe down the forelegs. C, lupus, p. 262, o°. The carnasial is either of the same length or else shorter than the two posterior molars, ¢. Fur smooth, thin and fulvous, little or no under fur. C. pallipes, p. 263. ce, Fur soft and woolly, colour pale and isabelline, owing to the absence of black-tipped hairs on the flanks, C. laniger, p. 262. a’, Skull generally less than 6 inches in length; head and body about 2 feet 6 inches ; legs short. C, aureus, p, 264. Canis lupus. Canis lupus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 58 (1766): Hutton F. A. S. B., xiv, p. 345; Blyth Cat., p. 39; Schrenck Amurland Sdugeth., p.44; Middendorg Siberische Reise, ii, pt. ti, p. 70; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 48; Blanford Persia, p. 37; id. Yarkand Mammals, Pp. 20; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 201; id. Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 224; id. F. A. S. B., lvi, p. 69; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2),v, p. §73 Blanford Mam- mals, p. 135; Radde Zool. ¥. B., iv. p. 1017. Lupus vulgaris, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 148 (1839); Gray Cat- Carn, Mamm., p. 186, Distribution.—The Palearctic region generally, from France to Amurland, extending to Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Gilgit, and probably found in Western Sind and the Punjab. a. Skin Yarkand ? F. Stoliczka, 1873. &. Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka, 1873. c. Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka,-1873. ad. Skin Kashgar bazaar F. Stoliczka, 1873. e. Skin Afghan-Turkestan C. E. Yate, 1887. #, Skull Bushire No history, g. Skull Bokhara ? Purchased, 1872, A. Skin, skull g Khornor, Gilgit, 21-11-79 J. Scully. j. Skin, skull g Gilgit, 17-4-79 J. Scully. 4, Skin, skull 9 Gilgit, 23-1-79 J. Scully, 2, Skull juv. Gilgit J. Scully, Canis laniger. Canis laniger, Hodgson Calc. Fourn. N. H., vii, p. ‘i F. A. S, B., xvi, p. 1176; Horsfield Ann. Mag. ae are Gea) : sede Blyth Cat. p. 39; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 5; ee oe 4 Bl S.B. 1877, p. 114; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, i, p. 18. anford P. A, CANIS. 263 Canis ¢hanco, Gray P. Z. S., p. 94 (1863). : Lupus chanco, Gray P. Z. S., p. 501 (1868) ; id., Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 187. Canis niger, P. L. Selater P. Z. S., p. 654, pl. Ixxviii (1874); Blyth FA. S. B., xvi, p. 1176; Kinloch Large Game Shooting, and ed., p. 39. Chanko and Chanko nagpo, (black var.) Thibetan. Distribution.— Eastern (Hodgson) and Western Thibet (Kinloch) including Ladak. Mr. Blanford in his recent work on Indian Mammals considers Canis laniger to be conspecific with Canis lupus; the differences as described are certainly not striking, but probably as marked as the differences between many other species; the difference formerly pointed out by Blanford, with regard to the sectorial being shorter than the two molars, is now said by him to be not constant, The skin “h”, which is in a very bad state of preservation, is the skin of the black wolf of Thibet (c. 7% Blyth J. A. S. B., xvi, p. 1176,) which was afterwards described by Mr. Sclater as Canis niger, from living specimens in the London Zoological Gardens. It is probable that this black form is merely a variety of the typical form, similar to that of the European wolf which was des- cribed as Canis lycaon by Schreber, a. Skin, skull. Nanskar, Thibet J. B. Lee. 6. Skin Thibet G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. ce. Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. a-g. 4 Skulls Thibet G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. hk, Skin Thibet R. Strachey, 1847, A. S. B (black var.). j» Skin Phialung, Ladak, S. J. Stone. (black var.). 29-6-88, Canis pallipes. Canis pallipes, Sykes P. Z.S., p» tor (1831); Blyth Cat., p. 39; Ferdon Mamm., p. 139; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xii, p. 227 ;McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 38; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gasett., xi, p. 20; Murray Zool. Sind, p- 36; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 232; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, p. 137+ Canis lupus, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. ror (1839). Lupus pallipes, Gray P. Z. S., p. 504 (1868); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 189. : The Indian wolf; Tola, Canarese; Landga, Deccani; Bherya nekra, Hundar, Hurar, Hindustani; Bigana, Bundelcund ; Toralu, Telegu; Buggyar, Sind. ae Distribution.—The Indian wolf is generally distributed over the whole of the Indian peninsula south of the Himalayas, more especi- ally inthe open country. Is recorded from Sind (Murray), Sambhar Lake (Thomas), Cutch (Stoliczka), Central Provinces (Jerdon)‘ and South India (Elliot and Sykes). a. Skin, skull meaty Zoological Gardens. Q juv. 2604 MAMMALIA, 6. Skin antlers Purchased, 1870. -¢. Skin Pind Dadun Khan, Punj. W. Theobald, 1854, A. S. B. d. Skin Chybassa, Bengal S. R. Tickell, 1848, A.S.B. e. Skin seaves J. Anderson. Sf. Stuffed Q seis Purchased, 1870. g. Stuffed rd J. Anderson. h. Skin @ juv. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Museum [Ex. j. Skin Q juv. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Museum [Ex. &. Skin juv. Chaman, Baluchistan J. A. Murray. 7, Skin, skull, g eveeee Zoological Gardens. uve m. Skin ¢@ juve esses Zoological Gardens. mn. Skull @ Shiurajpur, N.-W.P. |: Cockburn [P.] o. Skull juv. Agra dist., N.-W.P. . Cockburn [P.] p. Skull @ Banda, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn. g- Skin Q juv. Agra dist., N.-W.P. Agra Museum [Ex.] vr. Skin @ Purneah, Bengal Zoological Gardens. s Skin asa . Purchased, 1870. #, Alc, & Motihari dist. Behar L. Cameron, 1882. u. Alc. Q Motihari dist., Behar L. Cameron, 1882. v. Skeleton @ Bandadist., N.«W.P. J. Cockburn, 1881. w, Skull acueee Agra Museum [Ex.] Canis lagopus. Canis lagopus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 1766). ae fuliginosus, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. meee ass ulpes lagopus, Audubon and Bachman aN. Amer., ii * Blyth Cat. no. 129. a near Leucocyon lagopus, Gray P. Z, S., p. 521 (1868). Distribation.—Arctic regions of both continents, a, Skin, skull senses Ww. Rutledge 1874, 4. Stuffed Arctic regions Christiania University, 1844 A. S. B. ’ e. Skull eesees Royal Acad. Copenhagen, ; : 1839, A. S.B. d,. Skull 4 Arctic regions W. Rutledge. e. Skull 9 Lapland Stockholm Mus. [Ex.] Canis aureus. Canis aureus, Liznaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 1766) ; Sykes 1831, p. 101; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. Lg Win atte on ist ed., p. 11; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 80; Kelaart Prodr. Faun. Zeylan., p. 30; Blyth $. A. S. B., xxiv, p. 471; Adams P. Z.S. 1858, Pp. 515; Blyth Cat., p. 40 ; Tristram P. Z, S., 1866, p.gt ; ¥erdon Mamm : p- 142; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 41; Stolicska F. A. S.B,, xli, P. 227; Blanford Persia, p.37; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma list, p. 25: eae NW, P., Gaszett., xi, p. 20; Alston P. Z. S.,1877, p. 273 and ea P- 53; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 35; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 237; omas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), v, Pp. 37; Blauford Mammals, p, 140; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1017. , CANIS. 265 Canis barbarus, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 311 (1800). Canis aureus indicus, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, pt. ii, p. 237 (1833). Saccalius aureus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 214 (1839). Saccalius barbarus, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, 218 (1839). Oxygous indicus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., x, p. 908 (1841), Lupus aureus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 188 (1867). The Jackal ; Nari, Canarese ; Kolah, Shighal, Deccani and Mah- ratti; Nareeah, Cingalese ; Gidhur, Hindustani ; Sheal, Sial, Shialu, Bengali; Srigal, Sanskar, Syar, Nepalese; Nakka, Telegu; Nerka, Gond; Amu, Bhotea ; Tholuk, Mekranees ; Mye-khwe, Burmese. Distribution.—South-East Europe, North Africa and Egypt, Asia Minor (Alston), Persia (Blanford), India, Assam, Burma (Blyth and Spearman); in India is found everywhere from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin and also in Ceylon; in Burma it has been recorded as far south as Moulmein. a. Skin @ Agra dist, N.-W. P. Agra Mus. 1870 [Ex.] 6. Skin @ Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Mus, 1870 [Ex.] ec. Skin Manbhoom R. C. Beavan, @d. Skin, skull aa Babu H. Mullick. (white var.) 2 e. Skin, skull a . Zoological Gardens, (white var.) 9 jf Skin, — skull eijeee Barrackpore Menagerie. (black var.) g. Skin Burma J. Anderson. h. Skin, juv. Calcutta No history, A. S. B j- Skull & Nepal No history, A. S. B. k& Skull wee No history, A. S. B. 2 Skull y No history, A.S B. m. Skull eciars No history, A. S. B. n. Skull Sadiya, Assam J. Cockburn [P.] ‘0. Skull Botanical Gardens, Cal- ]. Anderson, 1873, cutta. p- Skull Agra, N.-W. P. J. Cockburn [P.] g- Skull Banda dist., N..W.P. ‘J. Cockburn. vy. Skeleton @ eeaues No history. s. Stuffed ‘Calcutta Purchased, 1870. (dark var.) t. Stuffed 4 Calcutta J. Anderson, 1869. u. Stuffed (Pyr- Calcutta W. Stalkart, 1843, A. S. B. rhous var.) v. Stuffed cates Maharaja of Burdwan, 1859, (white var.) A.S.B. w. Skeleton : dacsis No history. x, Stuffed juv. Calcutta No history, A. S.B. y. Skeleton dauires Purchased. g. Skin . No history, A.S.B. a’, Skin Shiraz, Persia Sir O. B. C. St. John. 4. Skin,skull@ Bampur, Baluchistan, W. T, Blanford, 1872. 2,000 ft, é*. Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Museum. @. Skin g Nepal J. Scully, 266 MAMMALIA. Canis mesomelas. Canis mesomelas, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 370, pl. xev (1778); Blanford Abyssinia, p. 237. : Vulpes mesomelas, Gray P. Z.S., p. 516 (1868); id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 203. Distrtbution.—South and East Africa, Abyssinia and the Cape of Good Hope. a. Skin, skull g die ha Zoological Gardens, Canis variegatus, Canis variegatus, Cretzschmar Riippell’s Atlas, p. 31, pl. x (1826); Blyth Cat., p. 40; Blanford Abyssinia, p. 238. Vulpes variegata, Gray P. Z.S.,p. 516 (1868); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 203. Distribution.-Upper Egypt, Nubia and Abyssinia to Somali land. a. Skin Q Hulai, Abyssinia W. T. Blanford, 6. Stuffed Somali land Messrs, Burton and Speke, 1855, A. S. B, Canis procyonoides. Canis procyonoides, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. i (1833); Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 53. di Nyctereutes procyonoides, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 62 (1843); Swin- hoe, P.Z S., 1870, p. 631. Nyctereutes viverrinus, Tem minck & Schlegel Faun. Fap. Mamm., p. 40, pl. viii (1850). Disiribution.—Eastern Asia from Amurland to Canton, Japan (Temminck), but not Formosa. a, Skin, skull ¢ sees Zoological Gardens. Canis familiaris. Canis familiaris Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 56 (1766); Blyth Cat., p. 38; Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 193. Var.—dingo. Canis dingo, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 277 (1800); Gould Mamm. Austr, tii, pls. li, lii. Canis familiaris var. australasize, Leswarest Mamm., P- 191 (1820). Chrysaeus australia, H. Smith Yard. Nat. Libr. ix, p. 188, pl. x (18309). Distribution —Cosmopolitan in a domestic state; the dingo is confined to Australia, and may perhaps be considered a distinct species. VULPES. 267 a. Skin Yunnan J. Anderson. 6. Skin Kashgar F. Stoliczka. c. Skin ¢ Japan Dr. Tonnerre. d. Skull India (pariah) G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. e. Skull India (pariah) G. T. Lushington, A. S. B. f. Skull India A. Masters, 1845, A. S. B. g. Skull India (spaniel) A. Masters, 1848, A.S B. h. Skull Formosa R. Swinhoe, 1859, A. S. B. 7. Skull Amoy R. Swinhoe, 1859, A. S. B. k. Skull (Bulldog ?) A. S. B. t, Skin, skull g Bhutan T. R. Doucett. m, Skull (Greyhound) J. Cockburn [P.] n, Skull Allahabad, N.-W., P. J. Cockburn [P.] o. Skull Dhappa, Calcutta Museum Collector. p. Skull Cherra Poonjee, Assam. H. H. Godwin-Austen, 1868. q. Skull China (pug) No history. ’, one and ske- China (pug) F. Day, 1869. eton, s. Skeleton (Hybrid kangaroo hound No history, 1868. and retriever). ¢, Skin é@ India T. R. Doucett. uw. Skull Japan (pug) Dr. Tonnerre. v. Alc. Q juv. (Yorkshire terrier) W. Rogerson. Var.—dingo. a, Skin peaeen Zoological Gardens. 6, Stuffed Australia A. Grote, 1864, A. S. B. ce. Skull South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] ad, Skull Australia C. Hollings, 1856, A. S. B. Genus VULPES. Vulpes, Brisson Regnum animale (1758)*. Type, V. alopex Cynalopex, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr, ix, p. 222 (1839). Key of the Indian Species. a. Of large size, fur soft and thick, ears black, carnasial teeth, brush white-tipped. nea 6, Large, tarsus about 6 inches ; skull about a: ‘ carnasial teeth long. 5a inches in length, V. alopex var. montanus, p. 268. 6 . Smaller, tarsus 4 to 5 inches skull about 47 i es i length : 2 4 inch carnasial teeth short . . leucopus P. 2 a +P 7 . a®, Of small size, skull about 32 inches, brush black-ti grey outside. : v. cana ne 268 MAMMALIA, a?. Small, fur rather harsh, ears not black, skull small with small carnasial teeth. c. Brush black-tipped, body concolorous. V. bengalensis, p. 271. 2. Brush white-tipped, back reddish, sides grizzled iron gray. V. ferrilatus, p. 272. Vulpes alopex. Var, A.—typicus. Canis vulpes Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed.,i, p. 59 (1766). Canis alopex, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 59 (1766). ; Vulpes melanogaster, Pr. Bon 1parte Iconog. Faun. Ital. no. 1, pl. i (1832). Vulpes vulgaris, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 59 (1842) ; Blyth Cat., p. 42. Vulpes alopex, Blanford P. Z. S., ps 635 (1887); id. Mammals, p. 153. Var. B.—fulvus. Canis fulvus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 203 (1820). Vulpes fulvus, Dekay New York Zool., p. 44, pl. vii, fig. 1 (1842). Var. C.—montanus. Canis (Vulpes) montana. Pearson F. A. S. B., v, p. 213 (1836). Vulpes himalaicus, Ogilby P. Z. S., p. 103 (1836). Vulpes nipalensis, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. 578 (1837). Vulpes montanus, Blyth F. A. S. B., xi, p. 589 (1842); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., st ed., p. 12; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 87; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxiii, p. 730; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 516; Blyth Cat., p. 42; $Ferdon Mamm., p. 152; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Blanford F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 323; id. ibid., xlviii, p. 95; Scully P. Z S., 1881, p. 202; id. ‘Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), viii. p. 225; id. ¥. A. S. B., lvi, p 60. : Vulpes flavescens, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xi, p. 118 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 11; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 86; Adams P. Z.S., aa p. 516; Blyth Cat., p. 42; Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 22, pl. ii. Vulpes alopex, Blanford P. Z. S., p. 635 (1887); id. Mammals, p. 153. The Mountain Fox; Loh of Kashmir; Wamu of Nepal. Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout the Palearctic region from England to Siberia; var. fulvus is found throughout the Nearctic region in the States and Canada; and une aaa te is Seg ee over the Himalayas from Sikkim to ashmir, Eastern Turkestan (Blanford), Candah Upper Burma (Anderson)? ‘ » ana Seenlly)s The skulls of Indian foxes present little or no points of differ- ence except in actual size, and in the proportions of the teeth thus in a series formed by V. bengalensis and passing up through V. leucopus and V. griffithii to V. montanus there can be traced VULPES. 269 (1) a gradual increase in size of the upper and lower sectorial, (2) a decrease in length and increase in breadth of =; this is well shown in the following table of measurements of 4 typical skulls of the four species, the total length of the skull being re- duced in each case to 1,000 after Huxley’s method :— Total p.m. 4 pos oe Length Length of length, length. . a mt. inches. V.montanus .| 1,000 110 70 96 128 5'50 V. griffithii 1,000 100 76 92 116 495 V. leucopus 1,000 96 75 88 117 4°70 V. bengalensis .| 1,000 86 q7 86 106 410 Var. A.—typicus. a, Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, 1843, A.S. B. 6. Skeleton aehee's J. H. Gurney, 1860, A. S. B. ¢-e. 3 Skulls England A. D. Bartlett, A. S. B. a. Skin 6. Skin ce. Skull a. Skin 6. Skin c Skin . Skin . Skin Skin . Skin, skull Skin, skull . Skin, skull . Skin, skull Skin, skull Skin Skin Skin . Skin, skull . Skin, skull Skin Skin . Skin, skull . § Skins . Skin, skull bw 1 at ha ROBOT FS RES PR & juv. Var. B—fulvus. Lucknow Ont., Canada Lucknow Ont., Canada Upton Maine, U.S. A. J. H. Garnier. J. H. Garnier. J. G. Rich, A. S. B. Var, C.—montanus, Kashgar bazaar Yarkand bazaar Kashgar bazaar Kashgar bazaar Kashgar bazaar Kashgar bazaar Kashgar bazaar Gilgit Gilgit Moralbashi Chenab poel, Ramban Afghan Turkestan Afghan Turkestan Turkestan Gilgit, 5,000 ft. Gilgit, 5,000 ft. Leh Leh Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. 1873. 1873. 1873. F. Stoliczka, 1873. 1873. F Stoliczka, 1873. F. Stoliczka, F. Stoliczka, F. Stoliczka, F. Stoliczka, J. Biddulph. . Biddulph. J J. Biddulph, 1874. J . Biddulph. C. E. Yate. C. E. Yate. C. Ellis. G. M. Giles. G, M. Giles. No history. No history. Purchased, 1871, Purchased, 1871, J. Biddulph. 270 MAMMALIA. a, Skin Hunza, 8,000 ft. J. Biddulph. 8, Stuffed Thibet re Lushington, 1847, .5.B. c, Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, 1847, A. S. B. @. Stuffed, skull North-West Himalayas J. T. Pearson, 1835, A.S.B. (Type of Canis (Vulpes) montana, Pearson.] &. Stuffed dgnaté Purchased, 1871. f*. Skull signe A.S.B. g?, Skull é sities No history, A. S. B. Rh Skull tae Purchased, 1872. jp. Skull steers Purchased, 1872. B, Skin, skull Mormien, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 1868. juv. 4,500 ft. B Skull net aes No history. m, Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 25-12-79 J. Scully. é . vn}, Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 4-3-80 J. Scully. 3 o%. Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 1-8-79. J. Scully. 3 p2. Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 8-12-79 J. Scully. g g. Skin, skull Gilgit dist., 7-4-79 J. Scully. g 7, Skin Gilgit dist., 1g-11-78 J. Scally. s?, Skin Shaiot, Gilgit, 1-80 J. Scully. 2, Skin Chaprot, Gilgit, 1-80 J. Scully. w. Skin, skull Chitral (J. Biddulph), J. Scully. . & 5,000 ft., 7-11-78. v?. Skin, skull Bunji, Indus valley, J. Scully. : 4,000 ft., 1-79. w2 Skin juv. Sinjah, Punjab, 29-5-79. J. Scully. 22, Skin, skull Gilgit, 4-4-80 ]. Scully. é Vulpes leucopus. i a eee at ee auales a 1 AG Per emi te ee i868: $61 Blanford Morimaly piste cat nos a BOE ite meee he nee aes Sera ri . Mag. N. H. (4), xvi, p. 310 (1875); id. Distribution.—The dry parts of North-West India, z.e., the P jab, Rajputana, Sind and Cutch, extending through iy heed and Baluchistan to Persia; Blanford also records it from Arabia. This species, from which V. pusillus, V. griffithii and V. persicus cannot be separated, is closely allied to the foregoing V. mon- VULPES. 271 tanus from which it differs solely in respect of size; it seems to occur rather in the lower ranges of the hills and also quite down on the plains in the north and north-west of India. a. Skin Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, 1853, A.S.B. 6. Skin 4 nr. Sehwan, Sind W. T. Blanford, 1875. e. Skin @ = Khairpur, Sind W. T. Blanford, 1875. @, Skin @ or. Rohri, Sind W. T. Blanford, 1875. e. Skin g eats Zoological Gardens. J. Skin veriws Purchased, 1871. g. Skin @. Agra dist., N.-W. P. Agra Mus. (Ex.], 1870. h. Skin Q Agradist.,N.W. P. Agra Mus, [Ex.], 1870. jg. Skin seis Purchased, 1871. & Skin juv. Bushire ? Karachi Mus. i, Stuffed, skull Punjab Salt Range W. Theobald, 1853, A.S:B. [Type of V. pusillus, Blyth.] m, Stuffed North-West India A.S.B. [Type of V. leucopus, Blyth.] m2. Stuffed North-West India D. Scott, 1857, A.S.B. o. Skull North-West India ? AS.B. p. Skeleton nr. Rohri, Sind W. T. Blanford. q-7. 2Skinsand # Quetta Sir O. B. St. John, 1888, skulls. s-t, 2SkinsandQ Quetta Sir O. B. St. John, 1888, skulls. us Skin Afghanistan T. Hutton, A.S.B. v. Skin, skull Ispahan ‘Sir O. B. St. John. {Type of V. persicus, Blanford.] wm, Stuffed, skull Afghanistan T. Hutton, A.S.B. (Type of V. griffithii, Blyth.) x. Skin Afghanistan ? W. Griffith. ye Stuffed Candahar T. Hutton, 1844, A.S.B. 5 Vulpes bengalensis. Canis bengalensis, Shaw Genl, Zool., i, p. 330 (1800) ; Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 102; Walker Calc. Fourn. N. H., iii, p. 266. Canis kokree, Sykes P. Z. S., p. 101 (1831); Gray Illustr. Ind, Zool., ii, pl. ii. Vulpes rufescens, Gray Jilustr. Ind Zool., ii, pl. iii (1833). Canis (Vulpes) indicus, Hodgson As. Res., xviii, pt. ii, p. 237 (1833). Canis chrysurus, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H.,i, p. 577 (1837). Cynalopex insectivorus, H. Smith F¥ard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 229 (1839). Vulpes bengalensis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed, p. 11 (1846); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 84; Adams P. Z, S., 1858, p. 515; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 204; Ferdon Mamm., p. 149; McMaster Notes on F$erdon, Pp: 45; Stoliczka F. A. S.B., xli, p. 228; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 22; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 36; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 243; Thomas P.Z.S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, p. 148. Cynalopex bengalensis, Blyth Cat. no, 126, p. 41 (1863). 272 MAMMALIA, The Indian Fox; Lomri, Hind.; Lomer in Nepal ; Lokerie in Central India ; Khek-siyal, Bengali ; Khekar in Behar; Kokree, Mahratti; Konk, ‘Kempnari or Chandak nari, Canarese ; Konka nakka or Gunta nakka, Telegu. Distribution —Found throughout India in the open country from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin. Not found west of Sind, rare in Assam ; not known from Burma or Ceylon. a, Skin Q vas nae Mus. [Ex.], 1870. 6 Skin nr. Calcutta’ A.S.B c. Skin Q Base of Sehwan hills, W. T. “Blanford, 1877. Sind. ad, Skin Agra dist. Agra Mus. [Ex.],1870. e. Skin ec dae ee Purchased, 1869. Ff Skin Manbhoom, Beng. R. C. Beavan, 1869. g. Skin 9 nr. Rohri, Sind W. T. Blanford. kh. Skin Sehwan, Sind Karachi Mus. [Ex.] j- Skin juve Bs aaeane S. F. Holquette. & Skin juve S| eeaees S. F. Holquette. 1, Skin juv. g Agra dist. Agra Mus. [Ex.], 1870. m. Skin juv. Agra Dist. Agra Mus. [Ex.], 1870. n, Stuffed, skull Calcutta dist. A.S.B. o. Stuffed, skull saa A.S.B. pe Skeleton Sases A.S.B. gq. Skull ere A.S.B. 7. Stuffed juv. Calcutta A.S.B. s. Skin, skull 9 Agra dist., N.-W.P. A.C. L. Carlyle, 1870. t. Skin, skull Deoli, Rajputana J. Biddulph, 1887. u. Skin,skull Deoli, Rajputana J. Biddulph, 1887, 2. Skull Banda dist., N..W. P. J. Cockburn, w. Skin @ Residency Katmundu, J. Scully. 14-11-77. x. Skin @ Ranijangal, Nepal val- J. Scully. ley, 28-2-78. y-s. 2 Skins g 9 Shahpur, Punjab, 10-88 G. Henderson. Vulpes ferrilatus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xi, p. 278, with plate (1842); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 12; Gray Cat. Vulpes ferrilatus. Carn. Mamm,, p. 204; Stolicska F. A. S. B., xxvii, p. 5; Blanford Mammals, p. 155. Cynalopex ferrilatus, Blyth Cat. no. 127, p. 41 (1863). Distribution.—Thibet near Llassa ; has been recorded by Stoli- czka from the Upper Sutlej valley. a. Skin juv. Thibet? A. Campbell, 1853, A.S.B. & Skin = ase No history, A.S.B. ce. Stuffed Thibet ? A. Campbell, 1853, A.S.B. Vulpes cana. Vulpes canus, Blanford $. A.S.B., xlvi, p. 321 (1877); P.L. Sclater P. z. S. 1878, p. 392; Blanford Mammals, p. 150, MUSTELA. 274 Distribution.—Baluchistan and Southern Afghanistan, possibly extending to Sind. [No specimen in the Museum.] Vulpes caama. Canis caama, A. Smith S. African Quart. Fourn. (1833)*. Megalotis caama, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., ix, p. 236 (1839); Blyth Cat. no. 128, £. 41. Vulpes caama, Gerrard Cat. Bones B. M., p. 87 (1862). Fennecus caama, Gray P. Z. S., p, 520 (1868); id, Cat, Carn. Mamm., Pp. 207. Distribution.— South Africa. «. Stuffed South Africa E.L. Layard, 1859, A. S. B. Vulpes virginiana. Canis virginianue, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 74 (1788). Canis cinereo-argentatus, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 369 r'. xi ( 778). re virgineana, Dekay New York Zool., p. 45 (1 42); ilytn Cut no. 139, p. 43. Urocyon virgineanus, Gray P. Z, S., 1868, p. 522; id. Cat, Carn. Mamm., Pp. 209. Distribution.—North America, from New England to Costa Rica. a. Stuffed. North America. E. Rippel, 1885, A.S.B, Genus MUSTELA. Mustela, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 66 (1766). Martes, Nilsson Skand, Faun,, ist ed.,i, p. 41 (1820)*. Key of the Indian Species. a.Blackish brown, with very thick under fur; throat white ; tail without hair, one half the length of the head and body. M. foina, p. 275. a’, Yellowish ; head, neck, rump and legs black; tail without hair, three-fourths the length of the head and body. M. flavigula, p. 273, Mustela flavigula. Mustela flavigula, Boddaert Elench, Anim., i, p 88 (1785)* ; Cantor F. A. S. B., xv., p. 194; Thomas P. 2. S., 1886, p. 67 ; Blanford Mammals, p. 158. Viverra quadricolor, Shaw Genl. Zool.,i, p. 429 (1800). Mustela leucotis, Grifith An. King., ii, p. 297 (1827). Mustela hardwickii, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., iv, p. 238, pl. viii (1828) ; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 30. T 274 MAMMALIA. Martes favigula, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., vi, p. 860 (1837) ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., isted., p.12; Horsfield Cat, E. I. Mus., p. 98; Blyth 7. A. S.B., xxvi, p. 316 ; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 516; Blyth Cat., p 67; id. P.2.S., 1864, p. 485 ; ferdon Mamm., p. 82; Radde Ost Siberien;1, p. 19; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 86; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 623; Blanford F. A.S.B,, Xlvii, pe 150; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 29. Galidictis chrysogaster, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., xiii, p. 167, pl. vii (1842). Martes gwatkinsii, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p.99 (1851) ; Blyth F. A. S. B., xxvi, p. 316. The Indian Marten ; Mul sumpra, Nepal; Tutural or Chitrala, in Kumaon ; Huniah, Bhotea ; Sekku, Lepcha ; Surmar, Khasia hills ; Takere Mahee in Assam. Distribution.—The Himalayas from Kashmir (Adams), to Assam, Southern India on the Nilgiris and Travancore hills ; the hills of Burma, Tenasserim and the Malay Peninsula and the islands of Java? and Sumatra, it has also been procured from Amurland by Radde and from Formosa by Swinhoe, and is therefore probably found throughout China, The Malayan race is very much paler than the common Indian race; the head being very little darker than the back ; in the Indian race the head is very dark and contrasts strongly with the back and throat ; the skulls present no points of difference. a. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. 6, Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. c. Skin juv. Sikkim L. Mandelli. d. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. e. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. J. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. g. Skin Samagooting, Assam J. Butler, 1872, A. Skin Samagooting, Assam J Butler, 1872. j- Skin Assam F. Day [P.] &. Skin Sibsagar, Assam S. E. Peal. 2. Skin Naga hills, Assam H, W. Chennell. m. Skin Kashmir J. E. T. Aitchison. na. Skin Salt Range, Punj. Capt. Bengaugh, 1867. o. Skin : Mussoorie, N.-W. P. L.C. Stewart, A.S.B. p. Skin, skull Malacca R. W. G. Frith, A.S.B. g- Skin Malacca R. W. G. Frith, A.S.B. 7. Stuffed Himalayas F. Stoliczka, 1869. s. Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1844, A.S.B. #, Skull 2 Assam No history, A.S.B. u. Skull 2 West Himalayas No history, A.S.B. 2. Skull OO vesinesi A.S.B. a. Skull eT W. Rutledge. x. Skin 3 = Nepal, 26-7-79 J. Scully. y. Skin Nimbotar, Nepal, J. Scully. : 16-12-77. s-a*, 2 Skins Simla E.C. Cotes, 1888. Mustela martes Muste'a martes, Linnaeus Syst, Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766); Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N.H. (4), xviii, p. 45; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 36. MUSTELA. 275 Marte sylvatica, Nilsson Skand. Faun., i, p. 41 (1820)*; Alston P, Z. Sy * 1879, p. 468. ou Martes vulgaris, Grifith An. Kingd., v, p. 123 (1827). Martes abietum, Fleming Brit, Anim., p. 14 (1828)* ; Blyth Cat. no. 193, p- 66; Gray Cat. Carn. Mammals, p. 81. The Pine Marten. Distribution.—England and Northern Europe, Northern Asia, 7e., Turkestan (Severtzoff), and Amurland (Schrenck). a, Skin senees British Mus, [Ex.] &. Stuffed, skull Norway Christiania University, 1846, A.S.B. W. Rutledge. c. Skin, skelet. Mustela foina. Mustela foina, Evxleben Syst. Regn. Anim, p. 458 (1777); Severtzoff Ann, he N. H. (4), xviii, p. 45 5 Blanford Mammals, p. 160; Radde Zool. ¥. 4 1V, p. 1022, Martes Pina, Nilsson Shand. Faun., i, p. 38 (1820)* ; Alston P. Z, S., 1877 p. 274, 1879, p. 469, and 1880, p. 53; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 86 Scully P, Z. S., 1881, p. 202; id. Ann. Mag. N. H.(s3), viii, p. 06. Martes toufaeus, apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xvi, p. 353 (1847) [ pt.J; Blyth Cat. no. 104, p. 66. Martes abietum, apud Horsfield Cat. E, I, Mus., p. 101 (1851); Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 517- ; Martes leucolachnaea, Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 26 (1879). ? Mustela intermedia, Severtaog Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 45. The Beach Marten. Distribution.—Northern Europe (except England), Asia Minor (Alston), Turkestan (Severtzoff), Eastern Turkestan (Blanford), and Afghanistan. In the Himalayas from Gilgit eastwards as far as Sikkim or the country to the north of Sikkim. j a. Stuffed Germany W. T. Blanford, 1879. 6. Skeleton Germany W. T. Blanford, 1879. ¢, Skin, skull Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1874. a. Skin, skull Gilgit, 5,000 ft. G. M. Giles. e. Skin Leh, Kashmir No history. Ff. Skin ay r H. H. Godwin-Austen. g. Skin Yarkand J. Scully. hem. § Skins. Kabul ? Purchased, 1872. n. Stuffed, skull Kabul? Purchased, 1872. o. Stuffed Thibet: G, T. Lushington, A.S.B. p Stuffed Thibet G. T. Lushington, A.S.B. g. Stuffed Thibet G,. T. Lushington, A.S.B. vy. Skull Thibet G. T. Lushington, A.S.B. s. Skull Afghanistan ? Sir A. Burnes, A.S.B. t, Skin, skull ¢ Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 8-10-80 J. Scully, uw. Skin, skull Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 24-10-79 J. Scully. v. Skin Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 5-79 J. Scully, w@. Skin Nagar, Gilgit, 2-79 J. Scully. (Type of M. leucolachnaea, Blanford.] T3 276 MAMMALIA. Mustela zibellina. . Mustela zibellina, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p. 68 (1766); Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 29; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 27. Martes? toufceus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xi, p. 281 (1842). Martes zibellina. Gray P. Z.S., p. 105 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 83 ; Blyth Cat. no. 195, p. 66. Distribution.—Northern Europe, Northern Asia, Saghalien Isle (Radde) Amurland, (Schrenck) and Thibet (I.M.) a. Stuffed Thibet Purchased, 1855, A.S.B. Mustela pennanti. Mustela pennanti, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 470 (1777); Coues Fur- bearing Animals of North America, p. 62. Mustela canadensis, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 492, pl. cxxxiv (1778). Mustela melanorhyncha, Boddaert Elench. Anim., p. 188 (1784)*. Viverra piscator, Shaw Gen. Zool., i, p. 414 (1800). Mustela nigra, Turton Syst. Nat., i, p. 60 (1806)*. Mustela piscatoria, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 150 (1827). Mustela godmani, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 217 (1829). tie pennantii, Gray P.Z.S., p. 107 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 85. The Pekan. Distribution.—North America between 35° and 65°N. lat. in wooded parts of the country. a. Skull Umbagog Lake, Maine, W. Theobald [P.], 1868. U.S.A. (A. F. Verril, Col.) Mustela americana. Mustela martes, apud Forster Phil. Trans., \xii, p. 372 (1772). Mustela americana, Turton Syst. Nat.,i, p. 60 (1806)*; Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p. 81. Mustela leucopus, Kuhl Beitr., p. 74 (1820). Mustela vulpina, Rafinesque Am, F. Sc., i, p. 82 (1819)*. Mustela huro, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 337 (1844). Martes americana, Gray P. Z. S., p. 106 (1865). Mustela martinus, Ames Bull, Minn. Acad., p. 69 (1874). Distribution.—Northern parts of North America as far south as California in the west and Pennsylvania in the East. a. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald, 1868. (J. G. Rich.) ' Genus PUTORIUS. Putorius, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed., i, p. 147 (1817). Foetorius, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 21 (1849). Vison, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 64 (1843). Type, P. lutreola, Gymnopus, Gray P, Z, S., p. 118 (1865). PUTORIUS, 277 Key of the Indian Species. a Limbs and lower surface darker than the upper parts; skull large and thick; the bulla connected with the hamilar process of the pterygoids by a narrow bridge of bone. 5, Back fulvous, longer hairs black-tipped. P. larvatus, p. 278. 6?, Back dark-spotted and blotched with yellow. P. sarmaticus, p. 278. a*, Limbs and lower surface not darker than the back. ¢. Tip of tail dusky or black. d. In winter pure white; in summer dark brown above; yellowish white below; bulla not very flat, rounded in front. P. erminea, p. 278. d?, Lower parts brown, P, subhemachalanus, p. 280. c?, Tip of tail not darker. e. A pale yellow median dorsal stripe present ; the yellow of the ventral surface not extending further than the breast, P. strigidorsus, p. 282. e*, No dorsal stripe. J. Nose white, above chestnut. P. canigula, p. 280.. J. Nose the same colour as the forehead. g. Back dark brown; below bright yellow; bulla pointed in front. P. kathiah, p. 281. g*. Back very light brown, below a little paler. P. alpinus, p. 281. Putorius foetidus. Mustela putorius, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766); Blyth Cat. no. 197, p. 67. Mustela furo, id. ibid, p. 68 (1766) [ dom. var]. Putorius vulgaris, Griffith Anim. King., v, p.120 (1827). Putorius fcetidus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 64 (1843); Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p.87; Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p, 154. Feetorius putorius, Blasius Séugeth. Deutschl., p. 222 (1857). The Pole Cat. Distribution.—Middle and Northern Europe, Asia, Northern and Central regions? a. Skin, skull ¢ ene Purchased. b. Skin, skull @ F: aaeeee Purchased. ec. Stuffed Scotland Sir W. Jardine, 1852, A.S.B. da. Stuffed - Sir W. Jardine, 1852, A.S.B. e, Skeleton England J. H. Gurney, 1860, A.S.B. 278 MAMMALIA. Var.—furio (=domesticated ferret). a. Skin, skelet. ¢ aaabay W. Rutledge. 6. Skin 3 saaeis W. Rutledge. c. Skin, skelet. g aasives W. Rutledge. @. Skin, skull 9 seat W. Rutledge. e. Skin, skelet. wees W. Rutledge. J. Stuffed, skull Europe Maharaja of Burdwan, 1858, A.S.B. Be Ale, } } — ieeuce O. L, Fraser. Putorius larvatus. Putorius larvatus, Hodgson F. A. S. B., xviii, p. 447, pl. xi (1849) ; Blanford Mammals, p. 163. Putorius tibetanus, Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 105 (1851). The Thibetan Pole Cat. Distribution—Thibet ; the type was procured in the Utsany district north of Sikkim, another specimen in the Biitish Museum was obtained from Ladak by General Strachey. (No specimens in the Indian Museum.] Putorius sarmaticus. Mustela sarmatica, Pallas Itin., i, p. 453 (1771)*; Hutton ¥. A. S. B., xiv, p- 346; Blyth Cat. no. 198, p. 68; Alston P. Z.S., 1880, p. 53; Scully Ann, Mag. N. H. (5), viii, p. 227. : Mustela peregusna, Guldenstadt N. Comm. Petrop., xiv, p. 441 (1770). Foetorius sarmaticus, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 68 (1840) ; Blasius Saugeth. Deutschl., p, 226, : Putorius sarmaticus, Grifith An. Kingd.,v,p. 121 (1827); Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p.157; Blanford Mammals, p. 164; Thomas Linn. Trans. (2), ¥, p. 58; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1023+ Distribution.—Eastern Europe, Poland and Russia, Western Asia from Asia Minor (Alston) to Kandahar (Hutton and Scully); also throughout the Transcaspian region. -f. 6 Skins Afghanistan Purchased, 1872. — Stuffed e in T. Hutton, 1845, A.S.B. kh. Skall “s Sir A. Burnes, 1841, A.S.B. Putorius erminea. Mustela erminea, Linnaus Syst. Nat. 12th ed., i, p. 68 (1766); Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., vi, p. 564; id. ibid, x, p. 909; id. ibid, xi, p. 280; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., tsted., p. 13; Adams P. Z. S., 1858, p. 5173; Blyth Cat., no. 201, p. 68; Radde Ost Sibiriens, p. 52; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p- 40; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 88; Severtsof Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p- 45; Brauns Fena Zeit. Zool., xvii, p. 454; Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 32. Putorius erminea, Grifith An. Kingd.,v, p. 122 (1827); Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p. 109; Blanford Mammals, p. 165. PUTORIUS, 259 Mustela cicognani, Bonaparte Charlesw. Mag. N. H., ii, p. 37 (1838). Mustela richardsoni, Bonaparte, id. ibid ., p. 38 (1838). Foetorius erminea, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth. Europ., p. 69 (1840); Blasius Sdugeth. Deutschl., p. 228. Putorius noveboracensis, Dekay New York Zool., p. 36, pl. xii (1842). Mustela fusca, Audubon and Bachman Fourn. Acad. N, Sei. Philad.,, viii, pt. 2, p. 288 (1842). ss Putorius agilis, Audubon and Bachman Quad. N. Amer,, iii, p. 184 (1853)*. Putorius kanei, Baird North Amer. Mamm., p. 172 (1857)*. The Ermine or Stoat. Distribution.—Northern Palearctic region and America as far as the southern border of the States ; it extends to the Himalayas whence it was got by Dr. Henderson (see below) and is aiso recorded from Afghanistan by Griffith. a, Skin (winter Hudson’s Bay, 1883 J. H. Garnier, [ Ex.] dress). ’. Skin(summer Hyde Park, Ont.,D.C. J. H. Garnier [ Ex.] dress). c. Skin : Europe No history, A.S.B. d. Skin E urope A.S.B. e. Skin Europe AS.B. JF. Skin d Hungary Hungariar Mus,, A.S.B. g. Stuffed Europe AS.B. A. Stuffed Europe A.S.B. j. Stuffed Dras, Kashmir G. Henderson. + A. Skull iange AS.B. 2, Skull Seis A.S.B. m. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S.A. . Theobald, 1868, Putorius vulgaris. Mustela nivalis, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i., p. 69 (1766); Radde Ost _ Siberiens, p. 53; Schrenck Amurland, i, p. 40 ; Brauns Fena Zeit. Zool,,xvii, P- 452. Mustela vulgaris, Zrxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 471 (1777); Blyth Cat. no, 204, p. 69. Putorius vulgaris, Grigith Animal Kingdom, v, p. 121 (1827); Coues Fur- bearing Animals of North America, p. 102. Mustela gale, Pallas Zoog. Rosso As., i, p. 94 (1834). Foetorius vulgaris, Keyserling and Blasius Wirbelth, Europ., p. 69 (1840); Blasius Stiugeth. Deutschl., p. 231. Mustela pusilla, Dekay New York Zool., p. 34 (1842); Blyth Cat. no. 205, p. 69. Putorius pusillus, Audubon and: Bachman Quad. N. Amer., ii, p. 100 (1851)*. The Weasel. Distribution —North Europe and America (Northern States and Canada), Asia, Siberia, Amurland, and Yezzo. a. Skin Hungary Hungarian Museum, 1863» A.S.B. 6-d, 3 skins England A.S.B. + See Henderson Lahore to Yarkand, p, 42, 280 MAMMALIA. e. Stuffed Europe A.S.B. f. Stuffed England A. D. Bartlett, 1842, A. S.B. g. Stuffed N. Carolina, U.S. A. arts Fitzgerald, 1852, h. Stuffed N. Carolina, U.S. A. Rev. oi, Fitegerald, 1852, j. Skull? Upton, Maine, U.S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. Putorius stoliczkanus. Mustela stoliczkana, Blanford ¥. A. S.'B., xlvi, pt. 2, p. 260 (1877); id. Yarkand Mammals, p. 30, pls. ia, fig. 3, lib; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1023. Distribution —Eastern Turkestan. a. Skin Yarkand F. Stoliczka, 1873. (Type of M. stoliczkana, Blanford.] 6. Skin, skull g nr. Yarkand, 29-6-75. J. Scully. Putorius subhemachalanus, Mustela (Putorius) subhemachalana, Hodgson . A. S. B., vi, p. 563 (1837): Mustela subhemachalana, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xi, p. 280 (1842); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 13; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 103; Adams P. Z.S., 1858, p. §17; Blyth Cat. no. 202, p. 68; Ferdon Mamm., p. 83. Mustela humeralis, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xi, p. 99 (1842). Mustela horsfieldii, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H. (1), xi, p. 118 (1843). Mustela hodgsoni, apud Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 103. Vison iat and V. horsfieldii, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 95, (1869). Putorius subhemachalanus, Blanford Mammals, p. 166 (1888). Bhotea, Zimiong; Lepcha, Sang king. Distribution —The Himalayas of Nepal and Sikkim (Hodgson), possibly extending through the North-West Himalayas to Kashmir. a. Skin Landour, Mussoorie L. C. Stewart, A. S. B. 6. Skin Nepal (B. H. Hodgson) E. I. Mus., London. c. Stuffed Darjeeling J. T. Pearson, 1842, A. S. B. [Ty pe of M. humeralis, Blyth.] Putorius canigula, Mustela canigula, Hodgson $. A.S. B., xi, p. 279 (1842); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 13. Mustela hodgsoni, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., xi, p. 118 (1843). Putorius canigula, Blanford Mamm., p. 167 (1888). Disiribution.—Thibet and the North-West Himalayas, probably extending to Kashmir. a. Skin @ Bagee, nr. Simla J. Biddulph, 1875, 5. Stuffed Sissines No histor es PUTORIUS. 281 Putorius alpinus. Mustela alpina, Gebler Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, vi, p. 213 (1824)* ; Radde Ost Siberiens i, p. 48; Severtzof Ann, Mag. N. H. (4), xviii. P- 45- Mustela temon, Hodgson F. A, S. B., xxvi, p. 207 (1857); Blanford Yarkand Mamm., p. 32; Scully P. Z. S., 1881, p. 203; id. Ann, Mag. N. H. (5), viii, P- 97. Putorius alpinus, Blanford Mammals, p. 168 (1888). Distribution.—Central Asia, the Altai mountains and Amurland, extending southwards to Thibet and the Himalayas, whence it has been recorded from Gilgit, the Kumaon and the ‘Sikkim frontier. Mr. Blanford remarks on the difference in size of the examples of this species and suggests that the larger individuals may be males, the smaller females, that this is the case is shewn by the following measurements of the individuals in the flesh taken from the tickets of Dr. Scully’s specimens, the individuals were also sexed by Dr. Scully himself :— a. $ b. f « Q Total length . : - 170 17°4 15'0 Head and body . . + 10°0 98 87 Tail . 7 E . - S57 6:2 50 Hair at end of tail F . +g 13 13 Height at shoulder. » 3°25 36 _ ” » Trump . « 3°90 40 = Palm . : A » 095 ae) _ Sole . : . - OF O75 _ Ear in front . «4 09 ro _ » vy breadth . 5 ae ba | VI 65 Weight 8'3 0z. Weight 4'0 oz. a. Skin, skull g Bassin, Gilgit, 2-11-79 J. Scully. 6, Skin, skull é@ Farfu, Bagrot, nr. J. Scully. Gilgit, 6-11-79 c. Skin Q Gilgit, 26-6-79. J. Scully. d, Skin, skull Chashi Yassin, nr. J. Scully. Gilgit, (J. Biddulph, 8-80, 9,500ft). e. Stuffed, skull 9 Sanju Pass, Kuenlun G. Henderson. Mts. Putorius kathiah. Mustela kathiah, Hodgson $. A. S. B. iv, p. 702 (1835); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 13; Walker Cale. Fourn, N. H,, iii, p. 266; Horsfield Cat. E, 1. Mus., p. 102; Blyth Cat. no. 203, p. 69; Ferdon Mamm., p. 84. Mustela auriventer, Hodgson $. A.S.B., x, p. gog (1841); id. ibid, xi, p. 280. Symnopus kathiah, Gray P. Z.S., p. 119 (1865); id. Cat, Carn, Mamm., . 96. parua cathia, Blanford Mammals, p, 169 (1888). 282 MAMMALIA. Nepal, Kathiah nyul; Assam, Darrup. oe Distribution —The Himalayas from Mussoorie to Sikkim, and the Khasia hills in Assam. a, Skin Assam F. Jenkins, 1846, A.S.B. 6. Skin Shillong, Assam J. Cockburn [P.] c. Alc., skull Darjeeling Zoological Gardens. a, Alc., skull Darjeeling, 5,000ft. G. King; 1871. e-f, 2 Skins Shillong T. la Touche, 1889. Putorius strigidorsus. Mustela strigidorsa, Gray P.Z.S., p. 191 (1853); Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2), xvi, p.107; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p.6; Ferdon Mammals, p. 85. Gymnopus strigidorsus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 119 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 97. Putorius strigidorsus, Blanford Mammals., p.170 (1888). Distribution.—Only known from the Sikkim Himalayas. a. Skin, skull juv. ? Nepal (B.H. Hodgson) India Mus., London. b {Sse in alc. Skull a Darjeeling G. B. Mainwaring. - Putorius sibericus. Mustela siberica, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiv., p. 86 (1780); Blyth Cat. no. 200, p- 68; Radde Ost Siberiens,i, p. 45; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., P- 37; Swinhoe P.Z.S., 1870, p. 624. Putorius sibericus, Griffith An, Kingd., v, p. 122 (1827) ; Cowes Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p. 171. Mustela itatsi, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fapan Mamm., p. 34, pl. vii (1850). Vison sibirica, Gray P. Z. S., p. 117 (1865). Distribution.—Siberia generally, Amurland (Schrenck) ; Japan (Temminck) and China (Swinhoe). a. Stuffed Amoy, China R. Swinhoe, 1859, A.S.B. 6 Skull Amoy, China R. Swinhoe, 1859, A.S.B. Putorius vison. Mustela lutreola, Forster Phil. Trans. \xii., p. 371 (1772); Blyth Cat. no. 199, p. 68. Mustela canadensis, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim. p. 455 (1777)- Mustela vison, Schreber Saugeth., iii, p. 463, pl. cxxviib (1778). Lutra vison, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 448 (1800). Mustela winingus, Barton Am. Phil. Trans., vi, p. 70. (1804). Mustela minx, Turton Syst. Nat., i, p. 58 (1806)*. Mustela lutreocephala, Harlan Faun. Amer., p. 63 (1825). Putorius vison, Gapper Zool. Fourn., v, p. 202 (1830); Coues Furebearing Animals of North America, p. 160. GULO. 283 Vison lutreola, Gray List Mamm., B. M., p. 64 (1843). os Putorius nigrescens, Audubon and Bachman Quad. North Amer,, iii, p. 104 (1853)*. Vison lutreocephala, Gray P. Z. S., p. 116 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p.93- Putorius lutreolus, Allen Bull. Mus. Comp, Zool., i, p. 175 (1869). The Mink. Distribution.— North America generally ; from the Arctic Ocean to the southern part of the States. a. Skin gd Ontario, Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.] 6. Skull N. Carolina Rev. F. Fitzgerald, A.S.B. c. Skull Upton, Maine, U.S. A. W. Theobald, 1868. Genus GULO, Gulo, Storr Prodr, Meth. Mamm., p. 34 (1780)*. Gulo luscus. Mustela gulo, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766). Ursus luscus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 71 (1766). Ursus gulo, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 525, pl. cxliv (1778). Gulo sibericus, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiv, p. 25 (1780). Meles luscus, Boddaert Elench. Anim.,, i, p. 80 (1784)*. Gulo borealis, Nilsson Illum. fig. till Skand. Faun. (1829)*; Blasius Séugeth, Deutschl., p. 209; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 98. Taxus gulo, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 377 (1808). Gulo arcticus, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 174 (1820). Gulo luscus, Sabine Franklin's Fourn., p. 650 (1823)* ; Blyth Cat, no, 192, p- 65; Cowes Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p. 34. The Wolverene. Distribution.—Circumpolar, ze, the northern parts of both continents. a. Stuffed Siberia British Mus. [Ex.] 6. Skull Norway University of Christiania, 1846, A.S.B. Genus GALICTIS. Galictis, Bell Zool. Fourn., ii, p. §52 (1826). Type, G, vittata. Galera, f , Type, G. barbara, eats Gray List Mamm. B. M., pp. 67, 68 (1843). Hee G. vittata, Galictis barbara. Mustela barbara, Linnaus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 67 (1766). Gulo barbatus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 175 (1820). Viverra poliocephala, Traill Mem. Wern. Soc., ili, p. 440 (1821). Galictis barbara, Wagner Schreber Séugeth, Suppl.,ii, p. 214 (1841); Alston Biol. Centr, Am. Mamm., p. 79. 284 MAMMALIA. Galera barbara, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 67 (1843). Galera barbata, Gray P. Z. S., p. 121 (1865) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 99. Distribution.—From Mexico southwards to the Rio de la Plata. a, Skin, skull 9 weasee Zoological Gardens. Galictis vittata. Viverra vittata, Schreber Sdugeth., iti, p. 447, pl. cxxiv (1778). Viverra cuja, Sham Genl. Zool., i, p-°433 (1800). Viverra quiqui, Shaw Genl. Zool., P- 432 (1800). Gulo vittatus, Desmarest Manis P. 175 (1820). Galictis vittata, Bell Trans. Zool. Soe il, Pp. 203, pls. XXXV) xxxvi (1837). Galictis allamandi, Bell Trans, Zool. Soc. li, 204, pl. xxxvii (1837). Grisonia vittata, Gray P. Z. S., p. 1a2 (1865) ; id. Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 99 Distribution.—South America. a. Skin Sc f W. Rutledge. 6. Skin é verse. W. Rutledge. Genus ann YX, Ictonyx, Kaup Thierreich, i, p. 352 (1835 Zorilla, ‘Lieblein Grunds. Ueber, Ti neil (1830)*. Ictonyx zorilla. Viverra zorilla, Zrxleben Syst. Reg. An., p. 492 (1777). Viverra striata, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, p. 387 (1800). Mephitis zorilla, Lichtenstein Daeseie, pl. xlviii (1827-34). Ictonyx capensis, Kaup Thierreich, i, p. 353 (1835)*. Zorilla capensis, Waterhouse Cat. Mamm. Mus. Zool. Soc., p. 33 (1838). Zorilla striata, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 67 (1843); Blyth Cat, no. 206, p. 69; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 140. Rhabdogale mustelina, Wagner Schreb. Saugeth. Suppl., ii, p. 219 (1841). Distribution.—Africa, Senegal and the Cape. a. Stuffed South Africa E. L. Layard, 1859, A. S. B. 6 Skeleton Q imam Purchased. Genus HELICTIS, Helictis, Gray P.Z.S., p. 94 (1831). Type, H. moschata. Melogale, Js. Geoff. St. Win Voy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, p. 129 (1834). Type, H. personata. The species of this genus seem to require rev sion; Anderson (Anat. Zool. Res., p., 193) recognized four species, H. nepalen- HELICTIS. 285 sis from Nepal, H. orientalis from Java and Sumatra, H. subau- rantiaca from Formosa and the allied H. moschata (of which he considered H. personata of Geoffroy as asynonym) from China and Yunnan. Thomas (P. Z. S., 1886, p. 62), states that H. personata of Geoffroy cannot be considered a synonym of H. moschata, as its teeth are of large size as is shown by Blainville’s figure (Osteogra- phie, Il), and that it belongs to the large-toothed section of the genus; he also remarked that he could perceive no distinction between H. orientalis and H. nepalensis from Java and Nepal respectively. Blanford (Mammals, p. 172) practically adopts Thomas’ views on this subject, and distinguishes only two species from the Indian Empire, H. orientalis from Nepal, Sikkim and Java of a dark- brown, almost chocolate colour, with the upper sectorial tooth of moderate size, of which the outer lobe projects anteriorly and posteriorly beyond the inner lobe, and the anterior inner cusp considerably exceeds the posterior inner cusp in size; and H. personata with brownish gray fur and a trapezoidal upper sectorial with the two inner cusps almost equally deve- loped. The specimens in the Indian Museum cannot in any way be fitted to these two descriptions, as the following brief characters show :— Specimen. Colour. Sectorial. Skin, skull, juv. Reddish brown Outer lobe not projecting, Darjeeling. inner cusp subequal. Skin, Arakan Pale brown : od Stuffed, skull, Pale brown Very worn, but with outer Arakan. lobe projecting and inner : cusps very unequal. Stuffed, Tippera Palebrown 2 J, Skeleton, Rangoon settee Outer lobe projecting slight- ly in front, more behind ; inner lobes unequal. Skin, skull, Blackish-gray, no red- Quter lobe markedly pro- Shillong. dish tinge; head al- jecting in front and be- most black. hind; inner lobes very unequal. From this it will be seen that the Darjeeling specimen, though of the colour of H. orientalis, has a skull resembling that of H. personata, while the Shillong specimen, with the colouring of H. personata, has a skull resembling that of O. orientalis. In the list below all the specimens have been identified as H. personata, except the Darjeeling one, as until more specimens are ex- amined, it is impossible to ccrrectly determine the limits of the species, 286 MAMMALIA. The following key is adopted from Blanford :— Key of the Indian Species. a. Forms with large teeth. 4. Colour brown or yellowish brown, not gray. H. orientalis, p. 286. 6®, Colour brownish gray. H. personata, p. 286. a*, Forms;with small teeth. H. moschata, p. 286, Helictis orientalis. -Gulo orientalis, Horsfield Zool. Res. with plate (1824). : Gulo nipalensis, Hodgson F. A.S.B., v, p. 237 (1836); id. ¥. A. S. B., vi, p. 560. Helictis nipalensis, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll. ist ed., p. 14 (1846); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 108; Gray P.Z.S., 1853,p.191 ; ¥erdon Mamm.,, p. 80. Helictis orientalis, Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 106 (1851); Blanford Mammals, p. 173. Oker, Nepal. Distrtbution.—Nepal, Sikkim and Java. a. Skin, skull juv. nr. Darjeeling, 9-65 J. Anderson. Helictis personata, Melogale personata. Js. Geoff. St. Hil. Woy. aux Indes Orient. Belanger, + p. 137, pl. v (1834). : Mustela personata, Blainville Osteog., ii, Mustela, p. 16; Atlas, ii, Mustela, pl. xiii (1839-64). Helictis orientalis, apud Blyth F. A. S. B., xxxi, p. 352 (1862). Helictis nipalensis, apud Blyth Cat. no, 208, p. 70 (1863); id. ¥. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 29. Helictis personata, Thomas P.Z.S., p. §9 (1886) ; Blanford Mammals, p. 174. Distribution —Assam, Manipur. (Thomas); Tippera, Arakan and Lower Burma. a. Skin Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. 6. Stuffed, skull Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. c. Stuffed Tippera dist. Beng. F, Skipwith, 1845, A.S.B. @. Skeleton Rangoon, Burma Sir A. Phayre, 1843, A.S.B. e. Skin, skull Shillong, Assam T. laTouche, Helictis moschata. Helictis moschata, Gray P. Z,S., p. 94 (1831); Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 228 and 623; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 193. MELLIVORA. 287 Distributionn—Yunnan (Anderson); China from Shanghai southwards and Hainan (Swinhoe); in Formosa replaced by H. aurantiaca. uw. Skin Teng ye chew, Yunnan, ‘J. Anderson. 7 5258. 6, Skin Mormien, Yunnan, 4500ft., J. Anderson. 7-68, Genus MELLIVORA. Mellivora, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 34 (1780)*. Ursitaxus, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 60 (1836) ; Type, M. indica, Mellivora indica. Meles indicus, Boddaert Elench. Anim,, i, p. 80 (1785)*. Ursus indicus, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 188 (1792)*. Meles indica, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 151 (1829). Ratelus mellivorus, Bennet List An. Gard. Zool. Soc., p. 13 (1835)*. Ursitaxus inauritus, Hodgson As. Res., xix, p. 60 (1836); id. ¥. 4. S. B., v, . 671. Mellivora ratel, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 13 (1846) ; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 120; Blyth Cat. no. 207, p. 69. Ratelus indicus, Schine Synop. Mamm., i, p. 329 (1844). Mellivora indica, ferdon Mamm.,p.78; McMaster Notes on ¥erdon,p.18; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 122; Murray Zool, Sind, p.32; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 134; Thomas P. Z. S., 1886, p. 56; Blanford Mammals, p. 176. The Indian Ratel; Biju or Bijru Bhal, Hind. Biyu kharwar, Telegu; Tava karadi, Tamil; Gore pat, Sind; Bhassiar, Nepal. Distribution.—India generally from the base of the Himalayas southwards, but does not seem to occur in Lower Bengal or on the Malabar Coast; is recorded from Sambar Lake (Thomas), Sind (Murray), the Deccan and Northern Circars (McMasters) and Goona, C. I. (I. M.) The distinctness of the African and the Indian Ratels has never been satisfactorily settled ; Blyth believed them to be the same when he wrote his catalogue, afterwards (cf. Jerdon’s Mammals) he believed them to be different from one another, and distinguished the African form by the possession of a white stripe along the cheeks which does not occur in the Indian form. P. L. Sclater (P. Z. S., 1870, p. 232) says that the animal which he described as M. leu- conota could not when adult be distinguished from the Indian Ratel; and as there was no reasonable doubt that the type of M. leuconota came from Africa, he came to the conclusion that Si was no specific distinction between the Indian and African tels.” Two fossil species (M. sivalensis and punjabensis) have been described from the Siwalik beds [Pal. Ind. (10), ii, p. 180.] 288 MAMMALIA. a. Skin Q nr. PaeenehD Beng., E. V. Westmacott. 1-2- 6. Skin Goona, C. I. A. Barclay. ce. Skin, skull 9 W. Rutledge. d. Skin g weiilisn Barrackpore Park, 1868. e. Stuffed a Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858. A:S.B. SJ Stuffed nn Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858, A.S.B. g- Skeleton & Coromandel Coast Sir W. Elliot, 1847, A.S.B. AeSkul B. H. Hodgson, 1836, A.S.B. j. Skin Agra dist., N.-W. P., Agra Museum. 5 _20-7-70 Genus MELES. Meles, Story Prody. Method. Mamm. (1780)*. There are apparently several species of Badger in Central Asia; besides Hodgson’s Tumpha (Meles leucura) there is Blyth’s Meles albogularis (J. A.S. B., xxii, p. 590); Blanford’s unnamed species from Kashgar, and Milne-Edward’s Meles leptorhynchus (Recher- ches Mammiferes, p. 190). M. leucura is said to have a very distinct skull, the lower part of the hind-feet covered with hair, and it is also distinguished by its fur, which is longer, thicker and more flaccid than that of M. taxus. 4 M. albogularis is apparently distinguished by its white throat with a very narrow band of black only separating it from the white cheek. M. leptorhynchus (M. chinensis of Gray) from China resembles the European badger externally and differs from it only in certain cranial characters. Finally, the unnamed species from Kashgar differs from M. taxus only in that the median white mark in the middle of the face does not extend back further than the ears, Meles taxus. Ursus meles, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed.. i, p. 70 (1766). Meles taxus, Boddaert Elench. Anim., i, p. 80 (1785)*; Blyth Cat. no. 210, p. 70; Middendorf Siberische Reise, ii, pt. 2, p.3; Blasius Séugeth. Deutschl., p. 204; Radde Ost Siberiens, i, p. 14; Schrenck Amurland Sdugeth., p.17; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 124; Severtsoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 45; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 274. Taxus vulgaris, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 376 (1808). Meles europaeus, Desmarest N. Dict. Hist. Nat., iti, p. 465 (1816). Meles vulgaris, Desmarest Mamm., p. 173 (1820). Meles canescens, Blanford Persia, p. 44, pl. iii (1876); Alston P. 2. S, 1 877, Pp. 274: MYDAUS. 289 Distribution,—Europe, Northern Asia, Turkestan (Severtzoff), Persia (Blanford), and Asia Minor (Alston). a. Skin, skelet. 9 Spain? W. Rutledge. 6. Skin, skull ¢ pews W. Rutledge. ce. Skin,skull g@ aaa - W. Rutledge. d. Skin, skull seses W. Rutledge. e. Skin, skelet. 9 senna W. Rutledge. Ff. Stuffed England W. Davison, 1846, A.S.B. g. Skeleton England J. H, Gurney, 1860, A.S.B. h, Skeleton France Prof. Gervais. j. Skull England A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B. &. Skin, skull Ispahan Sir O. B. C. St. John. [Type of M. canescens, Blanford.] Meles leucura. Taxidea leucura, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 763, pls. xxix-xxxi (1847); Blyth Cat. no. 209, p. 70; Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 7. Meles leucurus, Gray P. Z. S., p. 190 (1853); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 126; Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H. (2) xvi, p. 108. Tibetan, Tumpha. Distribution.—Thibet. a. Skin Thibet A. Campbell, 1853, A.S.B. Meles sp. ? Meles sp., Blanford Yarkand Mammals, p. 25. a. Skin Kashgar F, Stoliczka, Genus MYDAUS. Mydaus, F, Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm, livr. xxvii (1821). Mydaus meliceps. Mydaus meliceps, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm,. livr. xxvii (1821) ; Horsfeld Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 109; Gray Cat, Carn. Mamm., p.131; Forbes P. Z. S., 1879, p. 664. ; Mephitis javanensis, Desmarest Mamm., p. 187 (1820); Raffles Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 251. a eae (Horsfield), Sumatra (Raffles), Borneo ) a, Skeleton Borneo : J. Anderson, 290 MAMMALAA, Genus ARCTONYX. Arctonysz, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. li (1825). Besides the two Indian species mentioned below, Milne Edwards (Recherches Mamm., p. 195) has described two other species: Arctonyx leucolemus from the neighbourhood of Pekin, and A. obscurus from Thibet, Rey of the Indian Species. a, Skull about 6 in. in length; 4th upper premolar with two internal cusps and with the larger external cusp about equidistant from the anterior and posterior ends of the tooth, which is of a distinctly triangularshape. A. collaris, p. 290. a*, Skull about 4 in. in length; size about half that of A. collaris; 4th upper premolar with no internal cusps, the large external cusp being at the anterior end of the tooth, and the tooth itself approaching a quadrangular form. A. taxoides, p. 291. Arctonyx collaris. Arctonyx collaris, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr.1i (1825); Evans $.A.S. B,, vii, p. 732; id. ibid, viii, Pp 408; Horsfield Cat. E. I, Mus., p. 114; Gray. Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 2nd ed., p. 7; Walker Calc. fourn. N. H., iii, p. 265; Blyth Cat. no. 212, p. 71; Ferdon Mamm., p.77; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 122; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 15; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 196; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p.29; Blan- ford Mammals, p, 178. : z Mydaus collaris, Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., i, pls. vi and vii (1830). Mephitis assamensis, McClelland Ind. Rev., ii p. 509 (1838). Arctonyx isonyx, Horsfield P. Z. S., p. 398, pl. 1 (1856). The Hog Badger; Bhalu sur (= bear pig), Hind. ; Hunteree bora, Assamese; Khway-htoo-wet-htoo, Arakan; Khwe-ta-wek- wek-ta-wek, Burmese. ; Distribution.—Lower ranges and bases of the Himalayas, from Nepal to Assam, Sylhet, Arakan, both Upper and Lower Burma, not apparently found south of Tenasserim. a, Skin Momein, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 6,o00ft. 7-68, 6. Skin Chittagong hills J. T. Jarbo. ce. Skin caine Purchased. da, Skin juv. Darjeeling Purchased. e. Skin Assam J. Butler. f. Skin Chittagong 2 E. R, Shopland, g. Stuffed juv. Sylhet C. Huffnagle, A.S.B. LUTRA. 291 a, Stuffed eeaaed Captain Paterson, 1838, A.S.B. j. Skull JUV. eee ‘ No history, A.S.B. & Skull juv. sas age No history, A.S.B. 2. Skull reo AS.B. m, Skeleton @ = =——— saunas F. Skipwith, 1847, A.S.B. Arctonyx taxoides, Arctonyx taxoides, Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xxii, p. 591 (1853) ; Blyth Cat. no. 213, p.71; Spearman Burma Gazett, p.§53; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 196; Blanford Mammals, p. 180. Distribution,—Probably the same as thé last. Assam, Sylhet, Arakan and possibly China, if Meles leucolemus, Milne Edw. is indistinguishable from this species as suggested by Blanford. a, Stuffed, skull Assam J. McClelland, 1843, ASB. (Type of A, taxoides, Blyth], 6 Stuffed juv. Arakan Sir A. Phayre, 1848, A.S.B. Genus MEPHITIS. Mephitis, G. Cuvier Tableau Gen, in Legons d’ Anat. Comp., 1st ed., i, (1800)*. Mephitis mephitica, Viverra putorius, Linmeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 64 (1766). Viverra mephitis, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 444, pl. cxxi (1778). Viverra mephitica, Shaw Mus. Leverianum, p. 171 (1792)*. Mephitis varians, Gray Chavlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. §81 (1837) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm.,, p. 136. Mephitis mephitica, Baird N. Amer, Mamm., P. 195 (1857)* ; Comes Fur- bearing Animals of North America, p. 195. Distribution. —North America, from Hudson’s Bay and Great Slave Lake to Guatemala. a. Skin nr. Lake Scugog, J. H. Garnier [Ex.}. Canada. 6, ~Skelet. senses No history. e. Skull Upton, Maine, W. Theobald. U.S. A., 29-9-68, ; d, Alc. g serene W. Rutledge, Genus LUTRA. Lutra, Erxleben Syst. Regn, Anim., p. 445 (1777). Aonyx, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 157 (1827). Type, Lutra capensis. Lataxina, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 70 (1843). Type, Lutra canadensis, Barangia, Gray P. Z. S., p. 123 (1865). Type, Is. sumatrana. UZ 292 MAMMALIA. Key of the Indian Species. a. Claws well developed ; tail about 2 of length of body. b. Teeth moderate; portion of frontals behind the postorbital processes decreasing regularly in width to constriction in front of brain case ; fur longish and loose; upper bor- der of naked nose-pad forming a salient angle. L. vulgaris, p. 292. 3%, Teeth large; portion of frontals behind the postorbital process of equal width as far as the constriction in front of the brain case ; fur short and adpressed ; upper border of naked nose-pad straight. L. ellioti, p. 294. 88, Rich chestnut-brown above, golden red below and on the extremities (skull not known). L. aurobrunnea, p. 295. a*, Claws in adults rudimentary ; tail not more than half the length of the head and body. L. leptonyx, p. 295. Lutra vulgaris. Mustela lutra, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 66 (1766). Lutra vulgaris, Evwleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 448 (1777); Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fap. Mamm., p.35; Middendorf Siberische Reise, ii, pt. ii, p- 70; Schrenck Amurland Saugeth., p. 42; Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 54; Kelaart Prod, Faun. Zeylan., p. 35; Blyth Cat., no. 216, p. 73; Ferdon Mamm., p. 88 (pt.]; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 103; Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 48; Blanford Persia, p. 43; id. ¥. A. S.B., xlvi, Pp 324; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 275 ; id. ibid, 1880, p. 54; Lydekker F. A, S. B., xlix, p.6; Scully P.Z. S., 1881, p. 203 ; Blanford Mammals, p. 182; Thomas P. Z. S., 1889, p. 195; Radde Zool. F. B., iv, p. 1022. Lutra nair, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci., Nat., xxvii, p. 247 (1823); Sykes, P.Z.S., 1831, p. 100; Horsfield Cat. EZ. 1. Mus,, p. 115 ; Blyth Cat. no. 214, p. 72 [pt.]; Ferdon Mamm., p. 86 [pt.]; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p- 15 [pt.]3 Swinhoe P. Z. S, 1861, p. 390; id. ibid., 1864, p. 381; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 208, pl. xi; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 153, Viverra lutra, Pallas Zoog. Ross. As., i, p. 76 (1831). Lutra roensis, Ogilby P.Z.S., p. 111 (1834). Lutra nudipes, Melchior Sdugeth. des Danisch. Staats (1834)*. Lutra chinensis, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. §80(1837); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 104; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, pp. 228, 624; Anderson Anat, Zool. Res., p. 211. Lutra indica, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i, p. 580 (1837) ; id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 104. Lutra monticolus, Hodgson #, A. S. B., viii, p. 320 (1839). Lutra monticola, Blyth $. A. S. B., xi, p. 99 (1842) ; id. ibid. xiv, p. 351; Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 14 [pt.]. Lutra kutab, Schinz Syn. Mamm., i, p. 354 (1844). Lutra ? Blyth Cat. no, 215, p. 73 (1863). LUTRA. 293 The Common Otter: Udbilao, Panikutta, Hind; Sag-i-ab, Punjab; Nirunei, Tam.; Niru-kuka, Telegu; Deeya balla, Cinga- lese. Distribution.—The typical variety is found throughout the Palae- arctic region from England to Japan, it extends to the Himalayas from Gilgit to the Brahmapootra, at elevations of from 4,000 ft. to 12,000 ft. The var. nair is found throughout Assam and the eastern half of the Indian peninsula from the foot of the Hima- layas to Pondicherry, and also probably throughout the western half, but this is uncertain. The var. chinensis is found throughout South China, extending as far as Yunnan and Upper Burma about Bhamo, and another variety unnamed is found in Ceylon. a. Skin, skull Gilgit, J. Scully. @ Punyal, nr. 6, Skin pam nr. Gilgit, J. Scully. -79. ce. Skin juv. Gilgit, 5,000 ft., 3-6-80 J. Scully. d, Skin & Gilgit, 16-6-79 J. Scully. e. Skin, skull Q Gilgit, 10-2-80 J. Scully. Ff. Skin Gilgit J. Biddulph. g. Skin Rungbee, Darjeeling J. Munro. . Skull Himalayas A.S.B. j. Skin, skull juv.g Assam? Zoological Gardens. jh. Jj 4. Stuffed Z, Stuffed mm. Neuralia, Ceylon Neuralia, Ceylon E, F. Kelaart, A.S.B, E. L. Layard, A.S.B. . Skin, skull Ceylon Colombo Mus, n. Stuffed @ Calcutta, 4-4-70. No history. v. Stuffed Calcutta. ee abana 1848, b. Skull juv. Calcutta A.S.B., 1845. g. Skeleton saevs J. Armstrong. 7. Skin, skull 2 Balligunge, Calcutta Purchased. s. Skin, skelet. Behala nr, Calcutta Zoological Gardens. #. Skin, skull ; Baraipore S. of Cal- Purchased. © cutta. a, Skin, skull Boitakkhana, Cal- Purchased. cutta. 2, Skin juv. Bengal No history. mw, Skin Sibsagar, Assam, _ S. E. Peal. 14-6-70. x, Skull Assam Zoological Gardens, y» Skin, skull Deccan (Sykes) India Mus., London. zg, Skin juv. Bae Upper Burma, J. Anderson. 2-68, a, Skin Bhamo; Upper Burma J. Anderson, 2-68, 63, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 6,000 ft., 6-68. e, Skin 9 . J. Anderson. a3, Skin i 7 J. Anderson. e?, Skin i i J. Anderson. f?. Skin 53 . J. Anderson, g?, Skin ” J. Anderson, 294 MAMMALIA. 2, Skin Momein, Yunnan J. Anderson. 6,000 ft., 6-68. 4% Skin is fe es J. Anderson, B. Skin és ary J. Anderson. @, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 4,500 ft. 6 68. m, Stuffed Malay Peninsula Ne history. nm. Stuffed England W. Davison, 1244, A.S.B. oe. Skull Derbyshire, England D. Scott, A.S.B. ; p'. Stuffed Europe Christiania University, 1846, A.S.B. ¢@. Skull Q Europe Hungarian Mus., 1863, ASB. 7, Skull Evrope Christiania University, : AS.B. s*. Skull Algeria A. Malherbe, A.S.B. #. Skin jQVe aw : Purchased, 1871. uw. Skull senies No history. v=. Skin, skull aaa No history. w’, Skin, skull juv. g © cranes Zoological Gardens. x7, Alc, juv. Q Calcutta O. L. Fraser. y® Skin juv. @ ste O. L. Fraser. 2’,Skin,skull a No history, 186 a’, Skin, skull ves No history. 68. Skin fries No history. ec, Skin, skull ¢ wanes Purchased. @ Skin nea ae No history. e*. Skeleton juv. ea No history. f?. Skeleton ae saveat Purchased, 1871. g’.. Skull aires No history. AS, Skull A.S.B. 7%. Alc. juv. 9 r Zoological Gardens, Lutra ellioti. Lutra tarayensis, Hodgson F. A. S. B., viii, p. 319 (1839) [in part]; Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xi, p. 99. Lutra nair, apud Elliot Madr. Fourn., x, p. 100 (¥830}; Cantor F. A. S. By, Xv, p. 195; Blyth Cat. no. 214, p. 72 [in part]; Ferdon Mamm., p. 86, {in part]; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 28; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 15 (in part]; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 31. Lutra monticola, apud Gray Cat. Hodgs, Coll., 1st ed., p. 14[in part]; Grag ie Carn. Mamm., p. 105; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 200, ple xii, gs. 1, 2, 3. Lutra ellioti, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., pp. 211, 212 (1878); Sterndale, Mamm. Ind, p. 155; Blanford Mammals, p. 185. Lutra stmung, apud Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 213 (4878). Lutra barang, apud Thomas P. Z.S., p. 195 (1889). Distribution.—Throughout the Indian Peninsula, from the foot of the Himalayas to Travancore, and from the mouths of the Ganges to the river Indus in Sind; but not found in the hills in any part a its canbe extending eastwards through Burma to the Malay eninsula. a. Skull @ Dehra Dun. L. C. Stewart, A.S.B. b. Skull Jumna River, N.-W. P. J, Cockbarn [P.] ec. Alc, é @, Skin é e. Skin, skull Q f Skeleton 9? adult. g. Skeleton @ h. Skull 9 j» Skull g &. Skull 2. Skull m. Skin, skull n. Skull o. Skin p. Skin q. Skull 7. Skull g s. Skin, skull, ¢ skelet, # Skull Q uw. Skeleton, v. Skis, skull g uv. J w. Skin,skele- g juv. a7, Skull juv. 67, Skin 3, Alc. d®. Stuffed juv. e?, Skull juv, Coll., ist ed., p14; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., LUTRA. Sind Goona, C. I, ” ” yy Wy South India 295 Karachi Mus. [Ex.]. Zoological Gardens. . Barclay, Barclay. >> Barclay. . Barelay. . Barclay. - Barclay. A. Barclay. Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. >>>> {Type of L. ellioti, Anderson.] South India Travancore ” Purneah, Beng. nr, Calcutta Alipore, Calcutta Salt Water Lakes, Calcutta. Sunderbunds, Beng. Rajshahye dist., Beng. Bengal Assam Arakan Momien, Yunnan, 6,000 ft., 6-68. Amiah, Tavoy eeeeee Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. Purchased. Purchased. Rev. H. Baker, A.S.B. G. W. Shillingford. E. Blyth, A.S.B., 1842. Zoological Gardens. O.L. Fraser, Zoological Gardens. Zoological Gardens. Zoological Gardens. A.S.B. Zoological Gardens. Sir A. Phayre, 1845, A.S.B. J. Anderson, Mus. Coll. No history. ASB. Lutra aurobrunnea. Lutra aurobrunneus, Hodgson ¥. A. S. B., viii, p. 320 (1839). Lutra aurobrunnea, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 71 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. p- 212. Aonyx aurobrunnea, Gray P. Z, S., p. 131 (1865); id. Cat, Carn. Mamm., p. 111. ? Barangia nepalensis, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. tot (1869). Distribution.—Upper Hill Region of Nepal (Hodgson). [No specimens in the Indian Museum]. Lutra leptonyx, Lutra leptonyx, Hovsfield Zool. Res. with plate (1824); Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem, Verhandl., p.§1; Blyth Cat. no. 217, p. 73; Ferdon Mamm., p.89; McMaster Notes on $erdon, p. 18; Sterndale Mamm. Ind,, p. 156; Blanford Mammals., p. 187. 296 MAMMALIA, Aonys horsfieldii, Gray Charlesw, Mag. N. H., i; p. 580 (1837); Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, p. 229; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 213. Lutra indigitatus, Hodgson $ A. S. B., viii, p. 320 (1839). Aonyz leptonyx, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 71 (1843) ; Cantor F. A. S. B., XV, p. 1953 Horsfield Cat. E.I. Mus., p. 117; id Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 110; Swinhoe P.Z. S., 1870, p. 229; Blyth F A.S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 28; Fentink Notes Leyd. Mus., Xi, p. 25. _ Aonyx sikimensis, Horsfield Ann. Mag. N. H., xvi, p. tog (1855); Gray Cat, Hodgs. Coll., and ed., p. 7- Aonyx indigitatus, Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 14 (1846); Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus,, p. 119; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 110, Lutra swinhoei, Gray P. Z, S., p. 182 (1867); id., Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 105; Swinhoe P. Z.S., 1870, p. 625; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 213. Lutra aurobrunnea, apud McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p. 18 (1870). Lutra (Aonyx) leptonyx, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. pp. 202, 213 (1878). Lutra cinerea, Thomas P. Z. S., p. 195 (1889). The Clawless Otter; Chusam, Bhotea; Suriam, Lepcha. Distribution.—Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Hainan, South China, Malay Peninsula, Burma, Yunnan, Assam, Himalayas up to 8,cooft. and as far west as Mussoorie, and throughout the eastern half of the Indian Peninsula from the Himalayas to Cape Comorin - including the Nilgiris, a. Stuffed N. W. Himalayas Purchased, 1851, A.S. B. 6. Skull Mussoorie L. C. Steuart, 1843, A.S.B. e. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. a. Stuffed, skull Darjeeling Mrs. Saxon 1844, A.S.B. e. Skull Cochin, South India Rev. J. Baker, St. Skull ” ” Rev. Je Baker. g. Skin Travancore, 9-70 Rev. J. Baker. kh, Skin - a Rev. J. Baker. j. Skull Calcutta R. C. Beavan, A.S.B. k. Skeleton @ Calcutta Zoological Gardens. 2. Skin, skull9 24-Pergunnahs, Bengal Zoological Gardens. m, Skin, skull g ‘ » Zoological Gardens, 3 a. Skin Assam A. W. Chennell, o, Skin Naga Hills, Assam A. W. Chennell. e. Stuffed Arakan Sir A. Phayre 1844, A.S.B. g. Skin Ponsee, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 6,oo00ft., 7-68. vy. Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson, A 4,500ft, 6-68. s. Skin $y J. Anderson. #. Stuffed Malacca R. W. G. Frith, 1847 ASB. : u. Stuffed juv. Malacca R. W. G. Frith, 1847 ; ASB. , a. Skin ieeaie No history. @. Skin sei No history, x. Stuffed No history, y. Skull A.S.B. 3. Skull ieee AS.B. ENHYDRA, 297 a*, Skull F sie No history. bo. Alc. setae No history. ce, Alc. eeeeve No history. Lutra canadensis. Mustela (Lutra) canadensis, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., i, p. 173 (1792)*. Lutra brasiliensis, Desmarest Mamm., i, p. 188. (1820) [in part]. Lutra lataxina, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat., xxvii, p. 242 (1823). Lutra canadensis, Js, Geoff. St. Hil. Dict. Class. Hist. Nat., ix, p. 520 (1826) ; Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America., p. 205. Lutra hudsonica, F. Cuvier Suppl. Buffon, i, p. 194 (1831)*. Lataxina mollis, Gray List Mamm.B. M., p. 70 (1843). Lutra americana, Wyman Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., ii, p. 249 (1847). Lutra californica, Baird N. Amer. Mamm., p. 187 (1857)*. Latax canadensis, Gray P. Z.S., p. 133 (1865); id. Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 112. Distribution.—The whole of North America. a. Skull Umbagog Lake, Maine, U.S.A. W. Theobald. Lutra brasiliensis. Lutra brasiliensis, Zimmerman Geogr. Geschichte, ii, p. 316 (1780); Thomas P. Z, S., 1889, pe 197. Lutra lupina et paraguaensis, Schinz Cuv. Thierr.,i, p 213 (1821). Pteronura sandbachii, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. #., i, p. 580 (1837). Distribution.—The Guianas and Brazil, d, Skin Surinam Oxford Museum, 1870 [Ex.] Genus ENHYDRA, Pusa, Oken Lehrb. Naturg. (1816)*. Enhydra, Fleming Philos. Zool., ii, p. 187 (1822). ’ Enhydra lutris. Mustela lutris, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 66 (1766). Lutra marina, Erxleben Syst. Regn. Anim., p. 445 (1777). Pusa orientalis, Oken Lehrb. Naturg,, iii, p. 986 (1816)*. Lutra lutris, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 155 (1827). Lutra stelleri, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 156 (1827). Enhydris stelleri, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 229 (1829). Phoea lutris, Pallas Zoog. Ros. As., p. 100 (1831). Enhydra lutris, Dekay New York Zool.,p. 41 (1842); Coues Fur-bearing Animals of North America, p. 326. Latax marina, Lesson Nouv. Tall, Reg. Anim., p.71 (1842). Enhydris lutris, Gray P. Z. S., p. 136 (1865); id. Cat, Casn, Mamm., p. 119. 298 MAMMALIA, The Sea Otter. Distribution.—Shores of North Pacific, north of 50°, extending on the American side as far as Lower California. a. Skeleton N. E. coast, Siberia New York Mus. &. Skeleton apa New York Mus. Genus PROCYON. Procyon, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 35 (1780)*. Procyon lotor, Ursus lotor, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 70 (1766). Procyon lotor, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 35 (1780)* ; Blyth Cat. no. 220, p. 74; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 242; Allen Bull. U.S. Geol. Sura., ii, p. 325. Mates lotor, Boddaert Elench. Anim.,-i, p. 80 (1784)*. Lotor vulgaris, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 380 (1808). Procyon hernandezii, Wagler Isis, p. 514 (1831). Procyon brachyurus, Weigman Archio f. Nat., iii, p. 369 (1837). Procyon obscurus, Weigman Archiv f. Nat., iii, p. 370 (1837). Procyon nivea, Gray Charlesw. Mag. N. H., i, p. 580 (1837). Procyon psora, Gray Ann. Mag. N. H., x, p. 261 (1842). Procyon gularis, H. Smith Fard. Nat. Libr., xiii, p. 222 (1842). The Racoon. Distribution.—North America from Alaska southward to Costa Rica in Central America. a, Skin juv. Bruce Co., Ont., Canada J. H. Garnier [Ex.]. 6. Skin Texas, U.S.A. J. H. Garnier [Ex.]. e. Skin Ontario J. H. Garnier LEx.]. d. Skin, 3 seaiees Purchased, skelet. : e. Skin, 3 tenes W. Rutledge. skelet, j Ff. Skin, é egies Purchased. skelet, g. Stuffed é America No history, 1872. h. Skull North America A. D. Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. 7. Skull Suites mae Fitzgerald, 1853, SB. Genus NASUA. Nasua, Storr Prodr. Method. Mamm., p. 35 (1780)*. Caoti, Lacépéede Mem, Inst. Paris, iii, p. 492 (1801). Nasua rufa. Viverra nasua, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed, i., p. 64 (1766). Viverra vulpecula, Zr leben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 490 (1777)s Viverra quasje, Gmelin Syst. Nav, p. 87 (1788). CERCOLEPTES. 299 Ursus. nasua, G. Cuvier Tabl. Elément. d' Hist. Nat., p. 113 (1798)*. Nasua quasje, Desmarest N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., vii, p. 217 tia) Nasua rufa, Desmarest Mamm., p. 170 (1820) ; Allen Bull. U. §. Geol. Surv.,v, p. 170. Nasua fusca, Desmarest Mamm., p. 170 (1820). Nasua solitaria, Pr. Maximilian zu Wied Beitr. Naturg. Bras., ii, p. 292 (1826) *. Nasua socialis, Pr. Maximilian su Wied Beitr. Naturg. Bras., ii, p. 283, (1826)*. —» Nasua vittata, Tschudi Faun. Peruan., p. 101 (1844). Nasua montana, id. ibid, p. 102, pl. v (1844). Nasua narica, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 74 (1843) [pt.]- Nasua olivacea, Gray P.Z.S, p. 703 (18 864 Nasua dorsalis, Gray P. Z. Sus Pe 169, pl. xvii (1866). The Ring-tailed Coati. Distribution.—South America from Surinam to Paraguay and from the Atlantic to the Andes. a. Skin, skelet. tenses W. Rutledge. é 4. Skin, skelet. seaicee Purchased. juv. 2 e, Skin, skelet. eines Purchased. r) d. Skin, skelet, sates W. Rutledge. e. Stuffed Brazil Rajah R. Mullick, 1866. JF. Skull Surinam A. D.Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. Nasua nasica. Viverra narica, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 64 (176 Nasua narica, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 74 (1843) jel, atyth Cat. no. 221, p. 75; Allen Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, v, p. 162. Nasua leucorhynchos, Tschudi Faun. Peruan., Pp. 100 (1844 Nasua solitaria var. mexicana, Weinland Zool. Gart.,i, p. 191 (1860)*, Nasua socialis, De Saussure Zool. Gart., iii, p. $3 (1862) y*. Bassaricyon gabbii, Allen P. Acad, N. Sci. Philad., p, 20 (1876). The White-nosed Coati. Distribution Central America, Texas and California south. wards as far as the Isthmus of Panama. a. Skinand 9 esas Purchased, 1878. skelet. & Stuffed g America W. Ratledge, 1870, Genus CERCOLEPTES. Potos, G. Cuvier Tableau Gen.in Legons, d'Anat. Comp., ist ed. i, (1800)*. Kinkajou, Lacépéde Mem. Inst. Paris, iii, p. 492 (1801). Cercoleptes, Idliger Prodr., p. 127 (1811). Cercoleptes caudivolvulus. Viverra caudivolvula, Schreber Sdugeth., iii, p. 453, pl. xxv (1778 Lemur flavus Sckreber Saugeth.,i, p. 145) pl. xii 1778), 300 MAMMALIA. Ursus caudivolvulus, G. Cuvier Tabl. Elément. d’Hist. Nat. p. 113 1798)*. : Cand oetviles flavus, Tiedemann Zool., i, p. 381 (1808). Cercoleptes caudivolvulus, Jiliger Prodr., p. 127 (1811) ; Blyth Cat. no, 218, p- 74; Alston Biol. Centr.-Amer. Mamm., p. 76. Potos caudivolvulus, Desmarest Mamm., p. 171, pl. xlii (1820). Cercoleptes megalotus, Martin P. Z. S., p. 83 (1836). Cercoleptes brachyotus, Martin P. Z. S., ps 83 (1836). The Kinkajou. Distribution.—From Mexico southwards to the Rio Negro and Peru. a. Stuffed, skull Tropical America Zoological Gardens, 1878. 2 6. Skeleton iddeae A. D. Bartlett, 1849, A.S.B. Genus AELURUS. Ailurus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., liver. 1 (1825). Aelurus fulgens. Ailurus fulgens, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., live. 1 (1825); Hardwicke Linn. Trans., xv, p. 161, pl. ii ; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p. 15; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus., p. 126; Blyth Cat. no. 219, p. 74; $erdon Mamm., p.74; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 247; P. L. Sclater P.Z.S., 1869, p. 408, with figure ; Simpson P. Z. S., 1869, p. 507, pl. xli; Sterndale Mammi. Ind., p. 128. Aelurus ochraceus, Hodgson $. A. S. B., xvi, p, 1118, pls. lii, liii (1847); id. F. A. S. B., xvii, pt. 2, pp. 475, 573- Aelurus fulgens, Flower P. Z. S., p. 752 (1870); Bartlett P.Z. S., 1870, p. 769; Blanford Mammals, p. 190. The Cat-bear or Panda; Wah, Nepal; Wahdonka, Bhotea; Suk- nam, Lepcha. Distribution —Himalayas at 7,000 to 12,000 ft. from Nepai eastwards through Assam to Yunnan. This peculiar animal is very distinct from all other carnivora and forms a distinct genus, and according to some views a distinct family; recently, Prof. Boyd Dawkiris (Quat. Journ. Geol. Soc., xliv, p. 230) has described a new species (Ailurus anglicus) from the New Crag of Norfolk and Suffolk which is of pliocene age, this is a very interesting discovery since it extends the range of the genus Aelurus considerably and offers fresh evidence in support of the view that the pliocene Mammalia of Europe are closely related to those of the Oriental Region now living. a, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 4.600 ft., 7-68. , b. Momien, Yunnan, J. Arderson. 4,600 ft., 6-68, URSUS. 301 e. Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson, 4,600 ft., 7-68, ad, Skin Momien, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 4,600 ft., 6-68. e. Skin Sanda, Yunnan, 4,500 J. Anderson. ft., 7.68. Jf. Skin Sikkim, 11-71 T.R. Doucett. g. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. kh. Skin Sikkim L. Mandelli. j. kin Sikkim P Purchased. k. Skin, skeleton saute Zoological Gardens. 1. Skin, skeleton @ seenee Zoological Gardens. m, Skin Sikkim ? Purchased. a, Skin Sikkim P Purchased. o. Skin Sikkim P Purchased. p. Skin Sikkim ? Purchased. g. Stuffed Darjeeling B. Mainwaring. 7 Skeleton @ Himalayas Zoological Gardens. s. Skeleton Fy usaaies Zoological Gardens. #. Skull ( ey . O.L. Fraser. mw Skull nee No history. v. Skin Nepal J. Scully. Genus AILUROPUS, Ailuropus, 4. Milne Edwards Arch. Mus, Paris, vii, Bulletin p. 88 (1871). Ailuropus melanoleucus. Ursus melanoleucus, David Arch. Mus. Paris, v, Bulletin p. 13 (1869). Ailuropoda melanoleucus, A. Milne Edwards Ann. Sc. Nat. (5), xiii, no. 10 (1870). Ailuropus melanoleucus, A. Milne Edwards Arch. Mus. Paris, vii, Bull, p. 92 (1871); id. Rech. Mamm., p. 321, pls. I-lvi. Distribution.—Mountains of Eastern Thibet. @ Skull (cast), aaa Paris Museum [Ex.] Genus URSUS. Ursus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 69 (1766). Helarctos, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., ii, p. 221 (1826). Type, U. malayanus, Key of the Indian Species. a. Upper molar equal in length to the two premolars immediately in front of it. 4, Forehead concave ; fur generally whitish or grayish to brown; claws white or brown. U. isabellinus, p. 302. 6?. Forehead flat; fur generally black with a broad white mark on the chest ; claws black. U. torquatus, p. 303. 302 MAMMALIA. a. Upper molar equal in length to the one premolar immediately in front of it; skull with a very short nasal portion, the nose ferrugineus and the chest with a semi-lunar yellow patch. U. malayanus, p. 304. Ursus isabellinus. Ursus isabellinus, Horsfield Linn. Trans., xv. p. 332 (1826); Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., 1st ed., p.15; Wagner Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 570; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 517; Blyth Cat. no. 224, p. 76; Ferdon Mamm., p. 69; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 223; Atkinson N.-W. P., Gazett., Xi, p» 9; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285.3 Scully P. Z.S., 1881, p. 203; Kinloch Large Game-shooting, i, p. 46. ? Ursus syriacus, Hempr. & Ehr. Symb. Phys. pl. i (1828); Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm,, p. 224. ? Ursus leuconyz, Severtzoff Ann. Mag. N. H. (4), xviii, p. 43 (1876). Ursus pruinosus, Blanxford F.A.S,.B., xlvi, p. 318 (1877); Blyth F.A.S.B., xxii, p. 589. The Snow or Brown Bear also the Blue Bear ( = var. prui- nosus; Lal Bhalu, or Barfkarich, Hind,; Harpat of Kashmir; Drinmor of Ladak. : ; Distribution.—The higher ranges of the Himalayas, both north and south of the watershed, from Gilgit, eastwards to Assam. On comparing the skulls of Ursus isabellinus with those of the European and Northern Asiatic bear (U. arctos), the only apparent point of difference is that the forehead of the former species is distinctly concave, while that of the latter is flat, ze, the line between the postorbital processes and the nasal opening is in the case of U. arctos a straight one, and in the case of U. isabellinus a curved one, beyond this there does not seem to be any difference between the two species, and Blanford has in his Mammals of India combined the two under the name of Ursus arctus. In the Eastern Thibetan variety (U. pruinosus), the hair is black- ish or bluish, but it is hardly worthy of separation even as a geographical race. a. Skin enciees G. T. Lushington, 1847, A.S.B. 6. Skin,skull uae ‘ Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858, A.S.B. e. Skin, skull veces Maharajah of Burdwan, 1858, A.S.B. d. Skin juv. Qs aseaee Zoological Gardens. e. Skin, skelet. ¢ fais Zoological Gardens. Jf Skin,skull @ uae . Zoological Gardens. gx Stuffed, skull = sueaue Zoological Gardens. juv. h. Stuffed juv. g aie ‘ Rajah R. Mullick. j- Skull é Seetet A. Campbell,.1856, A.S.B. &. Skull Q Kashmir T. Brownlow, 1856, A.S.B. 1. Skull Kashmir Purchased, 1858, A.S.B. URSUS, 203 m, Skeleton 9 aateae King of Oudh, 1865. n, Skull SC cr Zoological Gardens. ov. Skull g ets Babu H. M. Roy. p. Skin, skull g Napin, nr. Gilgit, J. Scully. 29-10-79. q- Skin, skull 9 Gakuch, nr. Gilgit, J. Scully. 22*10°79. y. Skull g Sharot, nr. Gilgit J. Scully. Var.—pruinosus. a, Skin Thibet A. Campbell, A.S.B. ’, Skin, skull pt. Lhassa W. T. Bianford. [Type of U. pruinosus, Blanford.] Ursus torquatus, Ursus thibetanus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xli (1824); Blyth Cat. no. 225, p. 76; Ferdon Mamm., p. 70; Radde Ost Siberien, i, p. 12; Swinhoe P. Z. S., 1870, pp. 230 and 621; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gazett., xi, p. 10; Lydekker F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 285; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res. introd., p. xxi; Murray Sind Zool., p.39; id. Ann. Mag. N.H. (s), xiv, p. 98; Kinloch Large Game-shooting, i, p. 49. Helarctos malayanus, apud Hodgson F. A. S. B., i, p. 340 (1832). Ursus torquatus, Wagner Schreb. Sdéugeth. Suppl., ii, p.144, pl. 141d (1841) ; id. Hugel’s Kaschmir, iv, p. 570; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamma, p. 225; Blan- ford F. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 320; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 113; Blanford Mammals, p. 197. Ursus ferox, Robinson Assam, p. 96 (1841). Helarctos thibetanus, Gray List Mamm, B. M., p. 73 (1843); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coil., 1st ed., p. 15; Horsfield Cat. E, I. Mus., p.122; Adams P.Z.S., 1858, p. 518. Ursus formosianus, Swinhoe P. Z.S., p. 380 (1864). Ursus gedrosianus, Blanford $. A. S. B., xlvi, p. 317 (1877); id. P. A. B,, 1879, p. 4- The Black Bear; Harpat in Kashmir; Mumh in Baluchistan; Bhalu Reench or Reech, Hind.; Thom, Bhotea; Sona, Lepcha. Distribution.—From Baluchistan and the Khirthar hills in Sind (Blanford) to Kashmir (Hugel) and so along the entire range of the Himalayas to Assam, extending southwards through Burma as far as Mergui; and eastwards through China to Shantung and the Islands of Hainan and Formosa (Swinhoe) and South-Eastern Siberia. a. Skin sua Zoological Gardens, 6. Skin Sanda Valley, Yunnan, J. Anderson. 1,700 ft. ; c. Skin Assam, 27-6-72 S. E, Peal. d Skin, skull ¢ veeaee L. C Griesbach. e. Stuffed tenses No history. Jf. Skeleton series No history. g. Skull Assam F. Jenkins, 1847, A.S.B. A, Skull aida No history, A.\S:B. Jj. Skull aleias H. H. Godwin Austen, 304 MAMMALIA. k, Skull Mand Hills, Baluchistan Karachi Mus. [Ex.]. 2. Skull @ Mand Hills, Baluchistan Karachi Mus. [Ex.] m, Skull @ Mand Hills, Baluchistan Karachi Mus. [Ex.] n, Skull Himalayas - Rajah R. Mullick. o. Skeleton aeeiails Zoological Gardens, p Skull g ages Zoological Gardens, g. Skull Zoological Gardens, 7, Skin, skull. No history. Ursus malayanus, Ursus malayanus, Rafies Linn. Trans., xiii, p. 254 (1820); Blyth Cat. no. 226, p. 76; Miller Over de Zoogdieren in Tem. Verhandl., p. 32; Me- Master Notes on Ferdon, p. 10; Blanford Mammals, p. 199. Prochilus malayanus, Gray Ann. Phil., p. 61 (1825)*. Helarctos malayanus, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., ii, p. 234 (1826); id. Cu. E.I. Mus., p. 122; Cantor F. A. S. B. xv, p. 191; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 234; Blyth F. A. S. B., xliv, Burma List, p. 30. Helarctos euryspilus, Horsfield Zool. Fourn., ii, p. 234 (1826). The Malayan Bear; Wetwoon, Burmese ; Bruang, Malay. Distribution.—Garo Hills, Assam, Chittagong, Arakan, Tenas- serim, Malay Peninsula (Cantor), Sumatra, Java and Borneo (Temminck). a. Skin, skull 9 Sibsagar, Assam Zoological Gardens. b. Skin, skull @ uuen Zoological Gardens. c. Skin, skelet. Assam H. Phillips. d, Skin, skelet. 9 tes Rajah R. Mullick. e. Skin, skull. 9 anes W. Rutledge. Ff: Skin, skull ¢ Garo Hills, Assam Zoological Gardens g. Skin soeees No history. h, Skin Java Captain Scholefield, A.S.B. j. Skin, skull Arakan Sir A, Phayre, 1845, A.S.B. k. Stuffed, skull Sumatra W. Rutledge. .- juv. g 1, Stuffed, skull sass H. W. Bennett, 1853, A.S.B. juv. < m. Skull g = Malay peninsula No history. nv, Skull juv. Arakan Hills Zoological Gardens, o. Skin, skull, eaeinen W. Rutledge. juv. 2 p. Skin tenes No history, 1885. Ursus arctos. Ursus arctos, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 69 (1766); Blyth Cat. no. 223, p. 75; Radde Ost Siberien., i,p.1; Schrenck Amurland Séugeth., p. 8; Alston P. Z. S., 1877, p. 275 ; Gunther P. Z. S., 1880, p. 442. Ursus pyrenaicus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. live. xliv (1824). Ursus collaris, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm. livr. xlii (1824). Ursus ferox, apud Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Mamm. Fap., p- 29 (1850). Distribution.—Europe, Northern Asia, Asia Minor (Northern pt.), Amurland (Schrenck), Kurile Isles (Gunther) and Yesso. URSUS. 305 a. Stuffed gf Europe Purchased, 1869. 6. Skull a Norway Christiania Univ.,1846, j AS.B. c. Skull g Norway Christiania Univ., 1846, A.S.B. d Skeleton @ seers Babu H. M. Roy. e. Skull stead H. F. Blanford, 1863, A.S.B. F. Skull Japan Hakodate Mus. Yesso [E.] Ursus japonicus, Ursus tibetanus, apud Temminck and Schlegel Faun. Fap. Mamm., p. 29 (1850). Ursus japonicus, Schlegel Handleid Beoefning Dierk., pt. 1 p. 42 (1857)*; P. L. Sclater P. Z. S., 1862, p. 261, pl. xxxii; Gunther P.Z.S., 1880, p. 442; Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 227. Distribution.—Japan. a. Skin Q Japan O. L. Fraser, Esq., 1886. Ursus americanus. Ursus americanus, Pallas Spic. Zool., xiv, p. 5 (1780); Gray Cat.Carn* Mamm., p. 229. Ursus niger americanus, Schinz Synop. Mamm.,i, p. 301 (1844). Ursus cinnamoneus, Baird Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Surv ., ii, Mamm., p. 29 (1859)*. Distributionw—North America from Alaska southwards to Mexico. a. Skull Beeies E. Blyth, 1865, A.S.B, 6. Skull ages W. Theobald, 1868. Ursus maritimus. Ursus maritimus, Evzleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 160 (1777); Blyth Cat. no. 222, p. 75. Ursus polaris, Shaw Mus. Leverianum, i, p. 7 (1792)*. Ursus marinus, Pallas Jtin., iii, p. 691 (1793)*. Thalarctos polaris, Gray Ann. Philos., p. 62 (1825)*. Thalarctos maritimus, Gray List Mamm. B. M., p. 73 (1843). Thalassarctos maritimus, Gray Cat. Carn, Mamm., p. 218 (1869). Distribution —Circum-polar, Arctic coasts of Europe, Asia and America, a. Skin, skelet. 9 dents W Rutledge. & Skull as E. Blyth, 1865, A.S.B. e. Skull Greenland Copenhagen Mus., A.S.B. d. Skull Greenland Aberdeen University, Ww 306 MAMMALIA. Genus MELURSUS. Melursus, Meyer Uebers. neust. Zool. Entdeck, p. 155, (1793)*. Prochilus, J/tiger Prodr., p. 109 (1811). Melursus ursinus. Bradypus ursinus, Shaw and Nodder Natur. Miscell., ii, pl. lviii (1791) ; id Genl. Zool., i, pt. 1, p. 159. Melursus lybius, Meyer Uebers. neust. Zool. Entdeck., p. 155 (1793)*; Gray Cat. Hodgs. Coll., ist ed., p. 15. Prochilus ursinus, Jdliger Prod7., p. 109 (1811). Ursus labiatus, Blainville Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 74 (1817)*; Sykes P.Z.S., 1831, p. 100; Elliot Madras Fourn., x, p. 100 ; Tickell Calc. fourn, N.H., i, p. 190, pl. vii; Blyth Cat. no. 227, p. 77; Ferdon Mamm., p. 72; McMaster Notes on Ferdon, p.12; Stoliczka F. A. S. B., xli, p. 226; Atkinson N.-W. P. Gasett., xi, p. 11; Sterndale Mamm. Ind., p. 119. Ursus longirostris, Tiedemann Abhandl., p. 4 (1820)*. ~ Prochilus labiatus,Gray Ann. Philos., p. 60 (1825)* ; Kelaart Prodr. Faun, Zeylan., p. 34- Ursus inornatus, Pucheran Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), vii, p. 392 (1855). Melursus labiatus, Gray Cat. Carn. Mamm., p. 237 (1869). Melursus ursinus, Blanford Mammals, p. 201 (1888). The Sloth Bear; Aswail, Mahrathi; Kaddi, Canarese; Rinch, Deccani; Oosa, Cingalese; Ballu Riksha, Sanskrit; Reech, Hindustani; Bhalu, Bhaluk, Bengali; Yerid, Gonds ; Banna, Kols ; Elugu, Telegu. Distribution.— Over the whole Peninsula of India and Ceylon (Kelaart). It is apparently found in Cutch:but not in Sind or in the Himalayas, eastwards it extends to Lower Bengal and apparently to Assam. The Indian Bear is very distinct from the other bears, both in its distribution and its morphological characteristics. It is confined to the Peninsula of India strictly speaking, while the other Indian bears are all extra-peninsular ; it is distinguished from the other Indian bears by its very elongated snout ; by its very small cheek- teeth and by its concave and curved palate. Of the two fossil] bears found in India, one Ursus theobaldi from the Siwaliks [Pal. Ind. (20), ii, p. 211] is distinctly allied to Melursus ursinus. a. Skin seneee No history. 6. Skin eaagee No history. c. Skin, skelet. cilise W. Rutledge. juv. 9 d. Stuffed, juv. aise W. Rutledge. e. Skull @ Umsuing nr. Shillong, J. Cockburn. Assam, Ff. Skeleton canneee No history, A.S.B. » Skull tere R. C. Beavan, 1864, A.S.B. why . Skull whee Dr. McCosh, A.S.B. _PHOCA. 307 jel. 3 Skulls sennee No history, A. S. B. m. Skull Ceylon E. F. Kelaart, A.S.B. n-o. 2 Skulls tonnes A.S.B. . Skeleton 9 sevees Purchased, g. Stuffed g Chota Nagpore V. Ball. vy. Skull juv. egies No history, A. S. B. s. Skull juv, seeaee Maharajah of Burdwan, oeenes 1858, A.S.B. #, Skull juv. g tonane Purchased, #. Skull vs V. Ball, 1869. v. Skeleton ore No history, A.S.B. Sub-order II—PINNIPEDIA. Genus TRICHECHUS. Trichechus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., t2thed.,i, p. 49 (1766). Trichechus rosmarus., Trichechus rosmarus, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p 49 (1766) ; Blyth Cat. no. 232, p. 79. esa rosmarus, Sundevall Kongl. Vetens. Akad. Oefvers., p. 442 1859). Rosmarus trichechus, Lamont Seasons with the Sea-horses, p. 141 (1861)*. Rosmarus obesus, Gill Proc. Essex Inst., v, p. 13 (1866). eae arcticus, Lilljeborg Fauna Gfvers Swer. och Norg, Ryg., p. 674 1874)*. The Walrus. Distribution—North Atlantic shores of North America from Labrador northwards, Greenland ; Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla. a. Skull & Greenland Copenhagen Mus, 1839, AS.B. 6. Skull 9 Sssiaee Copenhagen Mus, 1899, A.S.B. e. Skull No history. d, Tusk 2 asda No history, A.S.B. Genus PHOCA. Phoca, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. §5 (1766). Phoca vitulina. Phoca vitulina, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 56 (1766). Callocephalus vitulinus, F. Cuvier Dict. Sci. Nat., xxxix, p. 544 (1826); Blyth Cat. no. 228, p. 77. Phoca canina, Pallas Zoog. Rosso Asiat., i, p. 114 (1831). Halicyon richardii, Gray P. Z. S., p. 28 (1864). _Phoca pealei, Gill Proc. Essex Inst., v, p. 13 (1866), 308 MAMMALIA. Distribution —The North Atlantic and Pacific coasts, from Japan to Southern California and from New Jersey round to Spain. a. Skull @ Greenland Copenhagen Mus. 1839, A.S.B. Phoca grenlandica. Phoca greenlandica, Fatvicius in Miller's Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. viii (1776)*. Phoca oceanica, Lepechin Act. Acad. Petrop., i, pt. 1, p. 259 (1778). Phoca albicauda, Desmarest Mamm. Supfl., p. 541 (1822). Callocephalus grcenlandicus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 186 (1824) ; Blyth Cat. no. 230, p. 78. Phoca legura, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 3rd ed., v, p. 238 (1825)*. Phoca dorsata, Pallas Zoogr. Rosso. As., i, p. 112 (1831). Pagophilus greenlandicus, Gray Cat. Mamm. B. M., i, p. 25 (1850). Distribution.—North Atlantic and Pacific, Newfoundland to Greenland, Iceland, Spitzbergen, Nova Zembla and the Arctic coast of Europe; also Northern Pacific, Kamschatka and Sitka. a, Skull é Greenland Copenhagen Mus., A.S.B. 6. Skull 2 Greenland Copenhagen Mus., A.S.B. Phoca barbata. Phoca barbata, Fabricius in Miller's Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. viii (1776)* ; Blyth Cat, no. 231, p. 78. Phoca leporina, Lepechin Act. Acad. Petrop., i, pt. i, pe 264 (1778). Callocephalus barbatus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p..189 (1824). Phoca albigena, Pallas Zoogr. Rosso As., i, p. 109 (1831). Phoca nautica, Pallas Zoogr. Rosso As., i, p. 108 (1831). Erignathus barbatus, Gill Proc. Essex Inst., v, p. 12 (1866). Distribution.—Circum-polar but northerly in its range, southern limits, Labrador and Scandinavia on the Atlantic, Amur River and Sitka on the Pacific side. a. Skull g Greenland Copenhagen Mus., 1839, ‘ A y Genus STENORHYNCHUS. Stenorhynchus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 190 (1824). Stenorhynchus carcinophagus. Phoca carcinophaga, Hombron and $¥acquinot in Dumont d’Urville, Voy: au Péle Sud, Atlas, Mamm., pls. x. and x a (1842. Stenorhynchus serridens, Owen Ann. Mag. N. F., xil, p. 331 (1843). Lobodon carcinophaga, Gray Zool. Ereb, and Terr., p. 5 (1844). MACRORHINUS, 309 Distribution.—Antarctic Seas. a. Skull Antarctic Ocean Brit. Mus, [Ex.] Genus CYSTOPHORA, Cystophora, Nilsson Skand. Fauna, i, p. 382 (1820)*. Cystophora cristata. Phoca cristata, Erxleben Syst. Reg. Anim., p. 590 (1777). Cystophora borealis, Nilsson Skand. Faun., p. 383 (1820)*. Stemmatopus cristatus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 196 (1824). Phoca mitrata, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 3rd ed., v, p. 210 (1825)*. Mirounga cristata, Gray Griffith's An. Kingd., v, p. 179 (1827). Cystophora cristata, Nilsson K. Vetens, Akad. Handl. (1837)*; Blyth Cat. NO. 233, p. 79+ Cystophora antillarum, Gray P. Z.S., p. 93 (1849). Distribution.—Northern parts of the Atlantic Ocean from La- brador to Norway. a, Skull 3 senens Copenhagen Mus., 1839, cai . A.S. B. 6. Ska g veeras openhagen Mus., 18 “4 A. S. B. oan e Skull juv. Saas Copenhagen Mus. 18 A.S. B. bare Genus MACRORHINUS. Macrorhinus, F. Cuvier Mem. Mus. Paris, xi, p. 200 (1824). Macrorhinus leoninus. Phoca leonina, Linnaus Syst. Nat., 12th ed. i, p. 55 (1766). Phoca elephantina, Molina Saggio sul Stor. Nat. del Chili, p. 280 (1782)*. Phoca proboscidea, Peron Voy. aux Terr. Austr., ii, p. 34 (1817) *; Blyth Cat, no. 234, p. 79. ‘ Phoca byroni, Desmarest Mamm., p. 240 (1820). Phoca ansoni, Desmarest Mamm., p. 239 (1820) [in part]. Mirounga patagonica, Gray Griffith's Anim. Kingd., v, p. 180 (1827). Cystophora leonina, falklandica, proboscidea, et kerguelensis, Peters Mo- natsber. Akad. Berlin, p. 394 (1875). i Distribution.—Antarctic and Southern seas, 7.¢., Kerguelen, Falkland, Patagonia, Juan Fernandez. a. Upper canine oe C K. Hamilton, 1860, AS.B. 310 MAMMALIA, Order CETACEA. Marine rarely fluviatile Mammals, with a thick, hairless skin and a flattened caudal fin;a certain number of the seven cervical vertebra confluent ; no sacrum ; only very few of the ribs are provided witha capitulum or are connected with the sternum; no clavicles; the forelimbs are not provided with nails and form broad flattened paddles ; the traces of the hind limb are scanty and entirely inter- nal; the brain case is spheroidal, with broad basis cranii; the fused supraoccipitals and interparietals generally meet the frontals in front and separate the small laterally placed parietals from one another ; a large supraorbital present ; nasal bones very short, not covering the ventral nasal passages; rami of mandible with no ascending process; dentition homodont, monophyodont, teeth with single roots ; pinna auris absent ; stomach complex; salivary glands absent; kidneys lobulate; os penis not present ; mammz inguinal two in number ; placenta diffuse. Our knowledge of the Indian Cetacea is primarily due to Blyth, who wrote a paper in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, Vol. XXVIII, describing all the remains of Cetacea from Indian seas which he had been able to secure for the Museum of the Asiatic Society ; secondly, to Anderson, who in his Anatomical and Zoolo- gical Researches, gives a complete account of the two fresh-water Dolphins of Indian Rivers, and of the skeleton of the fin-back whale found in the Indian Ocean; and, lastly, to Owen, who (Trans. Zool. Soc., Vol. VI) described the remains of a large number of Indian Cetacea collected by Sir W. Elliot on the Madras Coast. The following synopsis is entirely based on the various writings of Prof. Flower, of which the chief are the papers in the Transactions of the Zoological Society, Vol. VI, in the Proceedings for 1883, and the articles Mammalia and Whales in the Encyclopedia Britannica, Synopsis of Indian Genera, a. Teeth never functionally developed ; upper jaws provided with plates of baleen; external respiratory aperture double; rami of mandible arched outwards; the anterior ends connected by fibrous tissue only ; sternum a single piece connected with one pair of ribs only [ = Mystacoceti]. Balenoptera, p. 313. a*, Teeth present and functional ; no baleen; external Tespiratory aperture single; rami of the mandible straight, the anterior ends forming a true symphysis ; sternum of several pieces and connected with several pairs of ribs. [ =Odontoceti.] 4, Costal cartilages not ossified ; hinder ribs loose the tubercular and retain the capitular articulation with the vertebra ; CETACEA. 311 cervical vertebree ankylosed together ; no functional teeth in the upper jaw; pectoral limbs small; dorsal fin usually present. c. Teeth in lower jaw, 20 to 25 in number; rostrum greatly elongated; mandible long and narrow, the symphysis occupying more than half the length of the ramus. Physeter, p. 314. ¢*, Teeth in the lower jaw, 9to 12 in number; rostrum short, not exceeding the cranium in length; mandibular symphysis less than half the length of the ramus, ' Kogia, p. 315. 2". Costal cartilages not ossified; the tubercular and capitular articulation of thé ribs blending posteriorly; cervical verte- brze all free ; mandibular symphysis very long, exceeding half the length of the ramus; dorsal fin rudimentary ; eye rudimentary ; fluviatile or estuarine. Platanista, p. 315. é3, Costal cartilages firmly ossified ; posterior ribs lose their capi- tular articulation and are united to the transverse processes of the vertebrze by the tubercular process ; some of the ante- rior cervical vertebrz generally ankylosed ; numerous teeth in both jaws; symphysis of mandible short or moderate, not exceeding 2 of the ramus; dorsal fin usually present. [= Delphinide.] d, With rounded head ; no distinct rostrum or beak ; in the skull the rostral equals the cranial portion in length ; atlas and axis firmly united; pterygoids small and widely separated. e. Crowns of the teeth laterally compressed ; teeth }§ to 22; no dorsal fin. Neomeris, p. 318. e*. Crowns of the teeth conical and pointed. f. Pterygoid bones widely separated from one another; teeth 12 to 1+ small, occupying the whole length of the rostrum. Orcella, p. 318. f°. Pterygoid bones normal, meeting in the middle line; teeth 2 to 8 occupying only the anterior part of the rostrum; dorsal fin low and triangular. Globicephalus, p. 319. f®. Pterygoid bones normal, meeting in the middle line; teeth small 23 to 38, not exceeding 4 mm. in diameter; rostrum slightly exceeding in length the cranium, Lagenorhynchus, p. 21. 312 MAMMALIA. @, With distinctly elongated rostrum generally marked off from the antenarial adipose elevation by a V-shaped groove; the rostral considerably exceeds the cranial portion of the skuli in length; atlas and axis united, other cervical vertebre free. g. Pterygoid bones normal, meeting in the middle line. A. Palate with deep lateral grooves; symphysis of lower jaw short; teeth small not exceeding 3 mm. in diameter and 49 to 89 in number. Delphinus, p. 321. h®, Palate not grooved; symphysis of mandible short; teeth stout 6 to 7 mm. in antero- posterior diameter, 3} to 22 in number. Tursiops, p. 323.. hs, Palate not grooved; symphysis of mandible short; teeth $8 to £8, small not exceeding 3 mm. in diameter. Prodelphinus, p. 324. h*. Palate not grooved ; symphysis of the mandi- ble longer than 3th the length of the ramus; rostrum long and narrow; teeth 23 to 28, large 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. Steno, p. 324. g*. Pterygoid bones narrow, separated inthe middle line, their inner borders diverging posteriorly ; teeth 39 to $8 in number, 4 to 5 mm. in dia- meter. Sotalia. p. 325. Genus BALAENA, Balena, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 105 (1766). Balaena australis. Balena australis, Desmoulins Dict. Class, H. N., ii, p. 161 (1822); Blyth, F. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 488; id. Cat. no. 200, p. 94; Flower P. Z. S., 1864, p. 390; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 1. The Southern Right Whale. Distribution.—Southern Seas. Bp Beeps } sate No history, A.S.B. 3 vertebra Balaena mysticetus. Balaena mysticetus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12thed., i, p. 105 (1766) ; Blyth Cat. no, 289, p.93; Flower P.Z. S., 1864, p. 390; id. List Cetacea B. M., p.t BALAENOPTERA. 313 The Greenland Right Whale. Distribution.—Arctic Seas. a. Aflake of Baleen saa Dr. McGowan, 1860, A.S.B. Genus BALAENOPTERA. Balaenoptera, Lacépéde Hist. Nat. Cétacés Tab. Ordres, p. xxxvi (1804)*. The Whales inhabiting the Northern Indian Ocean were first investigated by Blyth who described, from the remains catalogued below, Balaenoptera indica; Anderson (see below) believes that there are at least 3 species of Finback whales found in the Indian seas. Balaenoptera indica, the largest about 84 feet in length ; a median-sized whale, whose existence is only indicated by certain vertebre now in the Museum, attaining a length of about 60 feet for which he proposed the name Balaenoptera blythi; and a small species not exceeding 40 feet, which is founded on the nearly complete skeleton of the Sittang Whale (see below), for which the ‘name B. edeniis proposed ; these whales all seem to be closely al- lied to a species, Balaenoptera schlegelii, described by Prof. Flower (P. Z. S., 1864, p. 400) from Java and afterwards described and figured in great detail by Van Beneden and Gervais in the Osteo. graphie des Cétacés ; they donot seem to differ from one another at all except in size, Balaenoptera indica. Balaenoptera sp., Blyth $. A. S. B., xxi, p. 358 (1852); id. F. A. S. B., xxii, P. 414. Balaenoptera indica, Blyth $. A. S. B., xxviii, p. 488 (1859); id. F. 4. S. B, xxix, p. 451; id. Cat. no. 288, p. 93; Ferdon Mamm., p. 161; Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 551; Murray Zool, Sind, p. 41. Distributione—The Bay of Bengal and the northern part of the Indian Ocean ; this is probably also the whale recorded from the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf. a, Lower jaws, ee radius, 1st, 2n oth, ath lntbar, yar ie Isle, Arakan T. P. Sparks, A.S.B. 3rd caudal verte- . brae and 1 rib. [Type of Balaenoptera indica, Blyth.] b, Pt. of skull, atlas, 1 lumbar 2 cau- dal, body of a dorsal vertebra, ie Sondip Isle, Babu Uday Chand 3 ribs, right * nr, Chittagong, 11-74. Dutt. shoulder girdle, hyoid and some epiphyses. 314 MAMMALIA. Balaenoptera blythi. Balaenoptera blythi, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. 564 (1878). Distribution.—? Bay of Bengal. a4 bis ae ? Bay of Bengal Medical College [Ex.], 1879. iri [Type of Balaenoptera blythi, Anderson.} Balaenoptera edeni., Balaenoptera edeni, Anderson Anat. Zool. Res., p. §51, pl. xliv (1878). Distribution.—Only known from the Bay of Bengal. Thaybyoo Choung, Gulf Sir A. Eden and Major ribs and one pec- of Martaban, Burma, Duff. toral arch re- «. Skeleton =| stored in plaster. [Type of B. edeni, Anderson.] b. Skeleton al- Sidhi Isle, Noakholly C.E.F. Tonnerre. most com- Dist., 1-go. plete. Cm Skull Arakan Coast (Prof. Medical Coll. Mus. [Ex.] Walker). Genus PHYSETER. Physeter, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 107 (1766). Physeter macrocephalus. Physeter macrocephalus, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p. 107 (1766); Blyth $. A. S. B., xxix, p. 452; Blyth Cat. no. 287, p. 93; Flower Trans, Zool. Soc., vi, p. 309, pls. lv, lvi; Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 8. The Cachalot or Sperm Whale. Distribution.—The temperate seas of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres ; it has been recorded (Blyth /.c.) from the seas round Ceylon and the Malabar Coast; and a specimen about 24 feet long was washed ashore at Madras in January 1889, the skull of which has been preserved in the Madras Museum; the lower jaw contained 23 functional teeth and above imbedded in the gum were 12 rudimentary teeth on either side. a-c. 3 Teeth seared No history, A.S.B. d. Small tooth ren R. C. Tytler, 1864, A.S.B. ef. 2 Teeth Australia C. S. Guthrie, 1867. g. Tooth Mauritius S. R. Elson. PLATANISTA. 315 Genus KOGIA, Kogis, Gray Zool. Eveb. and Terr., p. 22 (1846). Euphysetes, Wall Hist. and Descript. New Sperm Whale, Sydney (1851)*. Kogia breviceps. Physeter breviceps, Blainville Ann. Anat. Phys., ii, p. 337 (1838)*. Kogia breviceps, Gray Zool, Eveb, and Terr., p. 22 (1846); Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 9. Euphysetes gray1, Wall Hist. and Descript. New Sperm Whale, Sydney (1851)*. Euphysetes simus, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p. 30, pls. X-xiv (1865). Distribution —The temperate and tropical seas of both hemi- spheres ; was procured by Sir W. Elliot at Waltair near Madras. (No specimens in the Indian Museum.] Genus PLATANISTA. Platanista, G. Cuvier Oss. Foss., 3rd ed., v, pt. i, p. 279 (1824)# Platanista gangetica. Delphinus gangeticus, Lebeck N. Schrift. Ges. naturf. Freunde, iii, p. 280 (1801)* ; Roxburgh As. Res., vii, p. 170, pl. v; Home Phil. Trans., 1818, p- 417, pl. xx; Lesson Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 215. Gelphinus rostratus, Shaw Genl. Zool., ii, pt. 2, p. 514 (1801). Delphinus shawensis, Blainville N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat.,ix, p. 153 (1817). Platanista gangetica, G. Cuvier Oss. foss., 3rd ed , v, pt.i, p. 279, pl. xxii, figs. 8to 10, pl. xxiii, fig. 19 (1824)* ; Gray Illustr. Ind. Zool., ii, pl. xxiv ; Cuvier Hist. Nat. Cét., pl. viii, fig. 2*; Fardine Nat, Libr. Mamm., vi, p. 254, pl. xxviii; McClelland Calc. Fourn. N. H., i, p. 425; Eschricht Naturud, Kong. danske, videns. Selskab. (5), ii, p. 347* ; Horsfield Cat. E. I. Mus. p. 139 3 Eschricht Ann. Mag. N. H.,(2) ix, pp. 161, 279, pls. v, vi, viii ; Blyth F.A.S. B., xxviii, p. 492; id. Cat. no. 286, p.92; Ferdon Mamm. no 144, p. 158; Flower Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p,87; Anderson Anat. Zool, Res., p. 417, pls. xxv, etct.; Flower List Cetacea B. M.,p. 12. Platanista indi, Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 493 (1859); id. Cat. no. 285, p. 92; Fferdon Mammals, no. 145, p. 159; Murray Zool. Sind, p. 40. The Gangetic Dolphin; Susa, Sous, Sunsar in the Ganges; Bulhan in Sind ; Hihoo, Sihoo, Huh in Assam. Distribution, — The Ganges and its tributaries, including the Bra- mapootra and the Cachar Rivers and the Karnaphuli River of Chittagong ; the Indus and its tributaries, all from their exit from the hills to their mouths. a. Stuffed @ iene A. Duvancel, A.S.B. _ 6, Stuffed 9? aaa _E. Blyth, 1843, A.S.B. 316 ec. Stuffed juv. d. Stuffed e. Skeleton J. Skeleton g- Skeleton h. Skeleton j- Skeleton k. Skeleton 2, Skeleton (skull in spirit). m, Skeleton n. Skeleton juv. o. Skeleton WWwKKBRO 40 OO» ~ juv. p. Skeleton Ce juv. q. Skeleton ju. g r-t. 3 Skeletons of juv. and 9. u. Skeleton 9 v. Skeleton w. Skeleton juv. x. Skeleton juv. y-2 2 Skeletons a’, pt. of skele- ton. &, Skeleton mted. ¢3.d3, 2 Skulls e, Skull juv. f?. Skull g3. Skull #7, Skull juv. a’, Brain 23, Coecum F*. Placenta and foetal membranes. e8, Penis MAMMALIA, Sutlej River Hughli River, 19-7-66 _12-8-66 16-8-66 23-8-66 ” 1 12-2-67 13-2-67 ” ” ” ” 24-2-69 29-10-76 Bansi Creek, N.-W. of Dacca,16-7-67. Gauhati, Assam, 4-12-69. Cachar, 26-10-67 Indus River Baraset, 5-8-67 Hughli ? Dacca Chupra, Sarun Dist. Indus E. Blyth, 1849, A.S.B. G.E. Wakefield, 1867. J. Anderson, ia J. Anderson. J. Anderson. J. Anderson, ]. Anderson. J. Anderson. J. Anderson. J. Anderson. Coms. Police. J. Wood Mason, Purchased. Purchased. Purchased. A. L. Clay. J. Butcher. Sir J. Edgar. Karachi Mus. [Ex.] No history. No history. H. Clark. N. Wallich, A.S.B. A. L. Clay. C. B. Garrett. Sir A. Burnes, A.S.B. [Type of P. indi of Blyth.] Anatomical. No history. c8. Kidney, d°. Generative organs. g’. Skeleton in spirit. Genus MONODON. Monodon, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, Pp. 105 (1766). PHOCAENA. 317 Monodon 'monoceros. Monodon monoceros, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed., i, p, 105 (1766); Blyth Cat. no. 276, p. 90; Flower P. Z. S , 1883, p- 504 ; id. List Cetacea B. M., Pp» 14. The Narwhal. Distribution.—Arctic Seas, north of 65° N. lat. a. Skelet. mtd. Lancaster Sound (Capt. Dundee Mus, [Ex.] McLennan in Steam- whaler Narwhal, 7-76). &. Tooth savas va Lumsden, 1820, Genus DELPHINAPTERUS. Delphinapterus, Lacépéde Hist. Nat, Cétacés Tabl, des Ord., p. xli (1804)*, Beluga, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 2 (1828). Delphinapterus leucas. Delphinus leucas, Pallas Reise, iii, p. 85 (1776)*- Balaena albicans, O. F. Miiller Zool. Dan. Prodr., p. 7 (1776)*. Delphinapterus beluga, Lacépéde Hist. Nat. Cétacés, p. 243 (1804)*. Beluga catodon, Gray Zool. Ereb. & Terr., p. 29 (1846) ; Blyth Cat. no. 2752 P- 90. Delphinapterus leucas, Flower P.Z.S., p- 505 (1883); id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 14. The White Whale. Distribution —Arctic Seas and perhaps the Australian coasts (Delphinus kingi of Gray). a, Skull Greenland Copenhagen Mus., 1840, A.S.B. Genus PHOCAENA. Phocaena, G. Cuvier Regne Anim., 1st ed.,i, p. 279 (1817). Phocaena communis. Delphinus phocaena, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 108 (1766), . Phocaena communis, Lesson Man. Mamm., p. 413 (1827); Blyth Cat, no. 271, p. 88; Flower P. Z. S., 1883, p. 505; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 15. , Distribution.— Coasts of tbe North Atlantic, both European and American, the species found in the North Pacific is probably dis- tinct. a-b, 2 Skulls Greenland eopeiegen Mus, [Ex.] : 0B é Skalcton Christiania Univ., A.S.B. 318 MAMMALIA. Genus NEOMERIS, Neomeris, Gray Zool, Erebus and Terr., p. 30 (1846). Neomeris phocaenoides. Delphinus phocaenoides, G. Cuvier Reg. Anim., ond ed., i, p. 291 (1820)*, Delphinus melas, Temminck and Schlegel Faun. fap. Mamm., p. 14, pls XXv, Xxvi (1850). Neomeris phocaenoides, Gray Zool. Erebus and Terv., p. 30 (1846); Blyth F. A.S. B., xxix, p. 449; id. Cat. no, 272, p. 89; Flower P. Z.S., 1883, pe 506. Delphinapterus molagan, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p.24 (1869). Distribution.—Is recorded from the seas of Japan, the Bay of Bengal and the Cape of Good Hope. A second species from Karachi harbour which, however, does not seem to differ in any essential manner from the present species, has been described by Murray (Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), xiii, p. 348) under the name of Neomeris kurrachiensis, (see also J. Bomb. N. H. Soc., i, p. 159, with plate), a. Skeleton ¢ Bay of Bengal Calcutta Bazaar [P.] A.S.B. 6, Stuffed tones No history. Genus ORCELLA. Orcealla, Gray Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 285 (1866). Orcella, Anderson P. Z. S., p. 142 (1871). Synopsis of the two Indian Species. @. Dorsal fin lower and more falcate; pectoral fins shorter and broader. QO. brevirostris, p. 318. @*, Dorsal fin higher and less falcate; pectoral fin longer and narrower ; skin marked with streaks. O. fluminalis, p. 319. Orcella brevirostris. Globiocephalus indicus, [pt.], apud Blyth $. A. S.B., xxi, p. 358 (1852); id. F. A. S.B., xxviii, p. 490; id. Cat, no. 274,p. 89; Ferdon Mammals, no. 146, p. 160. ee brevirostris, Owen Trans. Zool, Soc., vi, p. 24, pl. ix, figs, 1, 2, 3 I . Orca (Orcaella), brevirostris, Gray Cat. Seals Whales B. M., p- 285 (1866). Orcella brevirostris, Anderson P.Z.S., p. 143 (1871) ; id. Anat. Zool. Res., p- 369, pl. xxv, etct.; Flower P. Z.S,, 1883, p. 507; id. List Cetacea, B. M., p. 17. GLOBICEPHALUS. 319 Distrit stion.—Estuaries of the rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal, recorded from Vizagapatam, the Hughli and Singapore. a. Stuffed, skull HughliR.,Serampore G. T. Lushington, A.S.B. é. Skull Chilka Lake, Orissa L. Schwendler, 1875. e. Skull Chilka Lake, Orissa W. C. Taylor. ad, Skull Amherst beach, Burma Rene Commr., Amherst, 1867. e. Skeleton ¢ Hughli River River Police. Ff. Skeleton Q Budge Budge, Hughli R. Purchased. g- Skeleton @ Circular Canal, Calcutta J. F. Barckley. h. Skeleton Calcutta Bazaar Purchased, 1859, A.S.B. Jj. Skeleton Kistna R., Madras Pr. R.S. Ellis. _ k. Skeleton sovese Purchased, 1867. 1. Skeleton 9 eaeues Purchased. Orcella fluminalis. Orcella fluminalis, Anderson P. Z.S., p. 143 (1871); id. Anat. Zool, Res. p- 358, pl. xxva,etct; Flower List Cetacea B, M., p. 17. Distribution—The Irrawaddy and its affluents, from Prome upwards extending to just beyond Bhamo. a, Skeleton ¢ Bhamo Capt. Bowers, 1870. [Type of O. fluminalis, Anderson.] 6. Skeleton g Bhamo Capt. Cooke [P.] c. Skeleton Irrawaddy, above Major Adamson. Bhamo. Genus GLOBICEPHALUS. Globicephalus Lesson Nouv. Tabl. Regn. Anim., p. 200 (1842). Globicephalus melas. Delphinus melas, Traill Nichol, fourn., xxii, p. 81 (1809)*. Delphinus globiceps, Cuvier Ann. Mus. Paris, xix, p. 14, pl. i (1812), Globiocephalus svineval, Gray Zool. Eveb. and Terr., p. 32 (1846). Globicephalus deductor, apud Blyth Cat, no. 273, p. 89 (1863). Globicephalus melas, Flower List Cetacea B, M., p. 19 (1885). Distribution.—Apparently Cosmopolitan ; there are specimens in the British Museum from the English and American coasts in the Northern Hemisphere, and from the Falkland Islands and New Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere. a. Skull Greenland erase Museum, 1840, Globicephalus indicus. Globicephalus sp., Blyth ¥. A. S. B., xix, p. 426 (1850). Globicephalus indicus, Blyth F. A. S.B., xxi, p. 358 (1852); id., ¥.4.5.B., xXviii, pe 490; id. Cat., no. 274, p. 89; Ferdon Mammals no. 146, p. 160. 320 MAMMALIA. Distribution.—Bay of Bengal. The above synonymy also refers partly to what Blyth consi- dered the young form of this species, but which was subsequently shown by Anderson to be really a different species (Orcella brevi- rostris, see supra). : The skull of Globicephalus indicus differs from that of G. melas, in having the premaxillz on the rostrum so broadened, as to cover the maxillee completely; the teeth are also much larger and less numerous than in G. melas. This is exactly the difference pointed out by Prof. Flower be- tween the skull of G. melas and G. macrorhynchus (Gray Zool. Ereb. Terr., p. 33) which was got from the Cape of Good Hope. To this broad-snouted group of the genus Globicephalus, there also belong G. scammoni Cope from the Pacific, and G. brachypterus Cope from the Atlantic coasts of the Southern States and also G. guadaloupensis (= G. intermedius) ; True (Contribu- tions to the Natural History of the Cetaceans in Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 36) considers that G. scammoni of the Pacific and G. brachypterus of the Atlantic differ specifically, and G. indicus seems to be rather more allied to the latter than to the former. The following are the measurements of the two skulls of G. indicus and also of the one of G. melas above; the measurements are the same as those given by True in the paper quoted above and are given in centimetres. G. indicus, G,indicus, G, melas, a 6 a Total length . 2 < . . 563 65 69 Length of beak. . 3 . 294 °33 364 Breadth of beak, at its base. ‘ 23 28 24% a a at its middle 5 204 25 21 Breadth of premaxille at middle of beak . . . . . 5 19 22 17 Greatest breadth between the outer margins of the premaxillz proxi- mally . . . . : 163 164 Length of tooth line ; 5 . 1st 14 18 Last tooth to base of maxillary notch 18 20 21 -Extremity of beak to the anterior mar- gin of the narial opening. . 4t 44% 49 Extremity of beak to the end of the pterygoid crest . ‘ * : 38 44 48 Breadth between the orbits. : 4l 47 43 Breadth between the hinder margins of the temporal fossz : . 27% 34 39 Length of the temporal fossz ie 123 rik 13 Depth of the temporal fosse . P 144 144 10 Length of the mandible . 3 : 47 56 53 Length of mandibular symphysis . 8 9 8 Length of the mandibular tooth row 13 I Number of teeth. i ‘ : aXe txt 19x 19 DELPHINUS, 321 a, Skeleton mtd.@ Salt Water Lakes, E. Blyth, 1850, A.S.B. Calcutta. 6. Skull @ Salt Water Lakes, E. Blyth, 1850, A.S.B. Calcutta. [Types of Globicephalus indicus, Blyth.] e Skull teins No history. Genus LAGENORHYNCHUS. Lagenorhynchus, Gray Zool. Eveb, & Terr., p. 34 (1846). Lagenorhynchus acutus. (1843). Lagenorhynchus leucopleurus, Gray Zool, Ereb, & Terr., -p. 34 (1846) ; Blyth Cat. no. 281, p. Qt. Leucopleurus arcticus, Gray Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 78 (1871). Lagenorhynchus acutus, Flower P.Z,S., p. 511 (1883); id. List Cetacea B.M.,p. 23- Distributton.—North Atlantic and North Sea. a. Skeleton Norwegian Coast Christiania Univ. [Ex.], A.S.B. Lagenorhynchus electra. Lagenorhynchus electra, Gray Zool. Ezeb. & Terr., p. 35 (1846); Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 23. : Phocaena pectoralis, Peale Mamm. and Ornith. U, S. Explor, Exped., 1st ed., p. 32, pl. vi, fig. 1 (1848)*. Electra obtusa, Gray Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 76 (1874). Delphinus (Lagenorhynchus) fusiformis, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p.22, pl. v, fig. i (1856). Distribution—Bay of Bengal (Elliot) and Pacific (Sandwich ’ Isles). [Xo specimen in the Indian Museum.] Genus DELPHINUS. Delphinus, Linnaeus Syst, Nat,, 12th ed., i, p. 108 (1765). Delphinus delphis. Delphinus delphis, Linneus Syst. Nat., t2th ed., i, p. 108 (1776); Flower P. Z. S., 1883, p. 512; id. List Cetacea B. M., p. 24. x 322 MAMMALIA. Distribution.—Cosmopolitan ; there are in the British Museum specimens from the North and South Atlantic, and from the seas of New Zealand and Tasmania, a. Skeleton 2 2 aaa No history, A.S.B. 6. Lower jaw Indian Ocean Purchased. only. «. Lower jaw Nicobar Isles F. A. de Roepstorff, only. [The above two probably of this species.] Delphinus frithi. Delphinus sp., Blyth $. A. S. B., xvi, p. 386 (1847). Delphinus frithi, Blyth $.A. S. B., xxviii, p. 492 (1859); id. Cat. no. 279, p- Ol Distribution.—Probably the Indian Ocean. This species, which is represented only by a skull, _ is closely allied to Delphinus delphis, it has the grooved palate characteristic of the genus as restricted by Flower; the teeth are not in good condition, many of them having fallen out; the number given by Blyth is ae but it does not appear that there could ever have been more than 45 teeth above and below from the present state of the skull; the character by which Blyth thought to differentiate this species, namely, the fusing of the premaxillz together in the middle of their length is probably merely due to age and is shown to be also the case in the speci- men of D. delphis figured by Van Beneden and Gervais; there seems therefore to be no reason why this skull should not be referred to D. delphis; as, however, there is no authentic specimen of D. delphis in the Indian Museum with which to compare it, it will perhaps be better for the present to let Blyth’s name stand. a, Skull Indian or Atlantic R. W. G. Frith, A.S.B. Oceans. [Type of D. frithi, Blyth.] Deiphinus pomeegra. Delphinus pomeegra, Owen Trans. Zool. Soc., vi, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 3, pl. viii (1866) ; Flower List Cetacea B. M, p. 26. Distribution. —Bay of Bengal. Probably conspecific with D. delphis. [No specimen in the Indian Museum. ] Delphinus longirostris. Del phinus longirostris, G. Cuvier Regn. Anim., 2nd ed., p, 228 (1829)* Van Beneden et Gervais Osteog. des Ceiacés, p. 604, pl. xxxix, figs. 10-11, TURSIOPS. 323 Distribution.— Malabar Coast. This species is distinguished from Delphinus delphis by the number of its teeth oe the beak forms 67°9 per cent. of the total length of the skull, a proportion never reached in any speci- men of D. delphis (cf. True Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., no. 36, p. 59). [No specimen in the Indian Museum.] Genus TURSIOPS. Tursiops, Gervais Hist. Nat. Mamm., ii, p. 323 (1855)*. ‘Tursiops tursio. Delphinus tursio, Fabricius Faun. Grenl., p. 49 (1780)*. Delphinus truncatus, Montagu Mem. Wern. Soc., iii, p. 75 , pl. iii (1821). Delphinus eurynome, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr., p. 38 (1846); Blyth Cat. NO. 277, P. 90. Tursiops tursio, Flower P.Z.'S. p. 512 (1883); id. List Cetacea B. My p. 20. ‘ Distribution.—Atlantic and Indian Oceans extending to the Bay of Bengal. There is a specimen identified by Prof. Flower with this species in the British Museum from the Seychelle Islands, so there is no reason that the two specimens catalogued below should not be identified with this species, though without direct comparison it f$ impossible to be certain, a Skull ee Medical College, Calcutta, A.S.B. &. Skull Bay of Bengal Capt. Fairweather, A.S.B. c, Skeleton Port Natal O. L, Fraser. Tursiops perniger. Delphinus perniger, Blyth ¥. A. S.B., xvii, p. 250 (1848); id. ¥. A. S. B,, xxviii, p. 491; id. Caz. no. 280, p.g1; Ferdon Mamm., p. 157. Distribution.—The Bay of Bengal. This species can never be properly identified as the type con- sists of a stuffed specimen and only about 8 inches of the beak of the skull; it is best assigned to Tursiops, from the typical speci- mens of which, however, it differs in the fact that the tooth row above is only about 73 inches long, whereas in Tursiops tursic the measurement is between g and 10 inches; the teeth are large between 5 and 6mm. in antero-posterior diameter. a. Stuffed and _ Bay of Bengal Sir W. Elliot, A.S.B. pt. of skull. {Type of Delphinus perniger, Blyth.] 324 MAMMALIA. Genus PRODELPHINUS. Clymene, Gray P. Z. S., p. 237 (1864). Clymenia, Gray Suppl. Cat. Seals and Whales, p. 69 (1871). Prodelphinus, Van Beneden et Gervais Osteogr. des Cétaces, p. 604 (1880). Prodelphinus obscurus. Delphinus obscurus, Gray Spiceleg. Zool., p. 2 (1828); Blyth Cat. no. 278, Pp. 90. 5 Clymenia obscura, Flower P. Z. S., p. 512 (1883). Prodelphinus obscurus, Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 28 (1885). Distributton.—Southern seas ; there are in the British Museum and in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons specimens from New Zealand, the Capeand the west coast of South America. The skulls catalogued below certainly belong to the genus Pro- delphinus as defined by Prof. Flower (P.Z.S., 1883); they seem more nearly allied to P. obscurus than to any other species. a. Skull ee No history, A.S.B. 6. Skull Palk Straits, Ceylon O. L. Fraser. Prodelphinus attenuatus. Steno attenuatus, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr., p. 44, pl. xxviii (1846); Blyth Cat. no. 283, p. 92. Clymenia attenuata, Flower P. Z. S., p. 512 (1883). Prodelphinus attenuatus, Flower List Cetacea B. M., p. 30 (1885). Distribution —Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal to the Cape. The specimens attributed to this species, bear a considerable resemblance to the specimens identified with the previous P. obscurus, but the rostra are considerably narrower and the teeth . 38-40 : 30, more numerous, being about er instead of oe a. Skull aaeees No history, A.S.B. 6, Skull Bay of Bengal Capt. Jethro Fairweather, 1859, A.S.B. e. Skull Cape of Good Hope R. C. Tytler, 1859, A.S.B. d. Lower jaw tans C. Henry, A.S.B. e-f. 2 Skulls, no Banned No history, A.S.B. lower jaws. Genus STENO. Steno, Gray Zool. Ereb. and Terr. p. 43 (1846). Steno rostratus. Delphinus rostratus, Desmarest N. Dict. d' Hist. Nat., ix, p. 160 (1817). SOTALIA. 325 Delphinus frontatus (pt.), G. Cuvier Oss, foss., 2nd ed., v., pt. 8 pl: Distribution.—Tasmania and perhaps Victoria. a. Skin & Victoria Dr. Scone. &, Stuffed Tasmania Melbourne Inst., 1862, A.S.B, Perameles bougainvillei. Perameles bougainvillei, Quoy.et Gaimard Voy. Uranie Zool., p. 56, Atlas pl. v (1824); Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 246. Perameles myosuros, Wagner Archiv f. Natur., vii, pt. i, p. 293 (1841) ; Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. x. Distribution.—Western Australia. a. Skin Gawler Ranges, S. Austr. Adelaide Mus. {Ex.] Genus THYLACINUS., Peracyon, Gray Ann. Philos., (2), p. 340 (1825)*, Thylacinus, Temminck Monogr, Mamm., i, p. 60 (1827). 346 MAMMALIA, Thylacinus cynocephalus. Didelphys cynocephala, Harris Linn. Trans., ix, p. 174, pl. xix, fig. i, (1808), Thylacinus harrisi, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 63 (1827). Thylacinus cynocephalus, Fischer Syn. Mamm., p. 270 (1829); Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pls. liii, liv; Blyth Cat., p.180; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 255. Distribution —Tasmania. a. Skin, impft. No history, A.S.B. 6 Skull 4 Dr. J. Henderson, A.S.B. «. Skull Q No history, A.S.B. Genus SARCOPHILUS. Sareephilus, F. Cuvier Hist. Nat, Mamm., live. 1xx (1837)*. Diazbolus, Gray App. Grey’s Travels Austr., p. 400 (1841) *. Sarcophilus ursinus, Didelphys ursina, Harris Linn. Trans., ix, p. 176, pl. xix, fig. 2 (1808). Das) urus ursinus, Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, xv, p. 30§ (1810). Sarcophilus ursinus, PF, Cuvier Hist. Nat. Mamm., livr. |xx (1837); Gould Mamm. Austr, i, pl. xlviii; Blyth Cat., p. 180; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p- 259. Distribution.—Tasmania. a. Skin, skull aay Calcutta Exhibition. 6, Skull neg E. Blyth, A.S.B. Genus DASYURUS. Dasyurus, Et. Geoff. St. Hil. Bull. Soc. Philom., i, p. 106 (1796). Dasyurus maculatus. Viverra maculata, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 170 (1792)*. Dasyurus macrourus, E?. Geoff. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, iii, p. 358 (1804).. Dasyurus maculatus, Fischer Zoognosie, ii, p. 584 (1813)*; Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. xlix; Blyth Cat., p. 181; Thomas Cat. Mars, B. M., p. 263. Distrtbution.—Eastern and South-Eastern Australia and Tasma- Nila. a. Skin, skull N.S. Wales Calcutta Exhibition, 6. Stuffed Tasmania G. Sceva, 1867. ¢. Skull Mt. Gambier, S, Austr. Adelaide Mus, [Ex.] a. Skull dtd No history. PHASCOGALE, 347 Dasyurus viverrinus. Didelphis maculata, Kerr Linn. Anim. Kingd., p. 199 (1792)* (nec Viverra maculata, id. of. ci.¢ p. 170). Didelphis viverrinus, Shaw Genl. Zool,, i, pt. ii, p. 491 (1800). Dasyurus viverrinus, Et. Geof. St. Hil. Ann. Mus. Paris, iii, p. 360 (1804); Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. 1; Blyth Cat., p. 181; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M,, p. 265. Dasyurus maugei, Et. Geof’. St. Hil. Ann, Mus. Paris, iii, p. 359 (1804). Distribution.—South-Eastern Australia and Tasmania. a. Skin, skeleton situa Zoological Gardens. juv. 6. Stuffed Hunter R., N.S. W. British Mus. [Ex.] ce. Stuffed N.S. Wales Bengal Econ. Mus. d-e.2Skulls as . A. D. Bartlett, A.S.B, J. Alc. 3 sivas Zoological Gardens. Dasyurus geoffroyi. Dasyurus geoffroyi, Gould P. Z.S., p. 151 (1840); Gould Mamm., Austr,, i, pl. li; Thomas Cat. Mars, B. M., p. 268. Distribution.—All Australia, except extreme north and Tas- mania. a. Skin West Australia Adelaide Mus, [Ex.]. 6. Skin ese Adelaide Mus. [Ex.]. ce. Stuffed dae Purchased, 1846, A.S.B. d. Stuffed Melbourne ? No history. Genus PHASCOGALE, Phascogale, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. 56 (1827). Antechinus Macleay Ann. Mag. N. H., viii, p. 242 (1841). . Phascogale flavipes. Phascogale flavipes, Waterhouse P. Z.S., p. 75 (1837); Blyth Cot, p. 181; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 289. Antechinus stuarti, Macleay Ann. Mag. N. H., viii, p. 242 (1841). Antechinus flavipes, Gould Mamm. Austr., i, ‘pl. ae 854). Distribution.—Eastern Australia. a. Stuffed avetga Melbourne Inst., A.S.B. Phascogale penicillata. Didelphis penicillata, Shaw Genl. Zool., i, pt. ii, p. 502 (1800). Dasyurus tafa, Et, Geof’, St. Hil. Ann. Mus, Paris, iii, p. 360 (1804). 348 MAMMALIA. Phascogale penicillata, Temminck Monogr. Mamm., i, p. §8 (1827); Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. xxxi; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 294. Distribution.—Throughout Australia, except the extreme north. a. Skin West Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] 6. Skull South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] Genus SMINTHOPSIS. Podabrus, Gould Mamm. Austr., letterpress to pl. xlvii (1845). Sminthopsis, Thomas Ann. Mus. Genova (2), iv, p. 503 (1887). Sminthopsis crassicaudata. Phascogale crassicaudata, Gould P. Z. S., p. 105 (1844). Podabrus crassicaudatus, Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. xlvii (1845); Blyth Cat., p. 181. Podabrus macrurus, Gould P. Z.S., p. 70 (1845). Sminthopsis crassicaudata, Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 306 (1888). Distribution,—Throughout Australia. a-b, 2 Stuffed sonia Melbourne Inst., A.S.B. Genus MYRMECOBIUS. Myrmecobius, Waterhouse P.Z.S., p. 69 (1836). Myrmecobius fasciatus. Myrmecobius fasciatus, Waterhouse P.Z. S., pp. 69, 131 (1836); Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl. iv; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 312. Distribution.—Western and Southern Australia. a. Skin South Australia Adelaide Mus. [Ex.] (A. Anderson, 12-73). Genus DIDELPHYS. Didelphys, Linnaeus Syst. Nat., rath ed., i, p. 71 (1766). Didelphys marsupialis. Didelphys marsupialis, Linneus Syst. Nat., 12th ed.,i, p. 71 (1766); Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 323. Didelphys cancrivora, Gmelin Syst. Nat., i, p. 108 (1788). Didelphys virginiana, Kerr Linn, Anim. Kingd, p. 193 (1792)*. ORNITHORHYNCHUS. 349 Didelphys aurita, Pr. Maximilian su Wied Beitr. Natuurg. Bras., ii, p. 395 (1826)*. Didelphys californica, Bennett P. Z. S., p. 40 (1833). Didelphys breviceps, Bennett P. Z.S., p. 40 (1833)- Distribution.—America from the States to Chili and South ‘Brazil. w. Skin juv. g wines’ Zoological Gardens, Order MONOTREMATA. Genus ECHIDNA. Echidna, G. Cuvier Tab. Elément, d’ Hist. Nat., p. 143 (1798)*. Tachyglossus, Jiliger Prodr., p. 114 (1811). Echidna aculeata. Myrmecophaga aculeata, Shaw Nat. Miscell., iii, pl. cix (1792). Ornithorhynchus hystrix, Home Phil. Trans., p. 348 (1802). Echidna hystrix, Et. Geogf. St. Hil. Cat. Mamm. Mus, Hist, Nat., p. 224 (1803)* ; Gould Mamm. Austr., i, pl. ii. Tachyglossus aculeatus, Iliger Prodr., p. 114 (1811). Echidna aculeata, Garnot Bull. Soc. Philom., p. 45 (1825)*; Thomas Cat, Mars. B. M., p. 379. Echidna acrobata, apud Blyth Cat, p. 187 (1863). Distribution.—Throughout Australia, replaced by geographical races in New Guinea and Tasmania. a. Skin, skeleton aie Purchased. bed. 3Stuffed ae A.S.B. e. Stuffed New South Wales Bengal Econ. Mus. f. Alc. wenhes Calcutta Exhibition. Genus ORNITHORHYNCHUS. Platypus, Shaw Nat. Miscell., x, letterpress to pl. ccclxxxvi (1799) (nec Herbst). Ornithorhynchus, Blumenbach Voigt’s Mag. Naturk., ii, p. 205 (1800)*. Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Platypus anatinus, Shaw Nat. Miscell., x, pl. ecclxxxv, (1799). Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Blumenbach Voigt’s Mag. Naturk., ii, p. 205 (1800)*. Ornithorhynchus rufus et fuscus, Péron et Lessucuy Voy, Terr, Austr., Atlas, pl. xxxiv (1807)*. 35° MAMMALIA. Ornithorhynchus anatinus, Waterhouse Nat. Hist. Mamm., i, p. 35(1846); Gould Mamm. Austr.,i, pl.i; Blyth Cat., p. 186; Thomas Cat. Mars. B. M., p. 388. Distribution.—Eastern Australia and Tasmania. ANN AH H&A . Skin a Skin Stuffed Stuffed Skeleton mted. Alc. Alc. N.S, Wales S. E. Australia N.S. Wales N.S. Wales No history, No history. No history H. T. Prinsep, 1842, A.S.B. A.S.B. Brisbane Mus, [Ex.] Calcutta Econ. Mus. INDEX. [Names of synonyms are printed in italics; recognized names in Roman A abietum, Martes, 275. abyssinica, Genetta, 240. abyssinica, Viverra, 240. abyssinicus, Lepus, 119. abyssinicus, Mus, 78. Acanthion, 104 Acanthoecherus, 104. accadians, Meriones, 99. acrobata, Echidna, 349. Acrobates, 339 aculeata, Echidna, 349. aculeata, Myrmecophaga, 349. aculeatus, Tachyglossus, 349. acuticornis, Panolia, 181, acutus, Delphinus, 321. acutus, Lagenorhynchus, 321. adailensis, Herpestes, 257. aegagrus, Aegoceros, 143. aegagrus, Capra, 142. Aegoceros, 142. aegyptiacus, Lepus, 119. aegyptius, Dipus, 100. aegyptius, Lepus, 1109, aeliani, Phacochoerus, 197. Aelurus, 300. Aepyceros, 169. Aepyprymnus, 338. aequicaudalis, Mus, 63. aethiopicus, Aper, 197. aethiopicus, Camelopardalis, 171. aethiopicus, Phacochoerus, 197. aethiopicus, Sus, 197. affinis, Cervus, 184. affinis, Felis, 228. affinis, Sciurus, 7, 20. afra, Genetta, 240. afra, Mustela, 257. afra, Myrmecophaga, 332. africana, Atherura, tog. africanus, Elephas, 208. africanus, Phacochoerus, 197. africanus, Rhinoceros, 205. africanus, Sus, 197. agilis, Halmaturus, 334. characters,] agilis, Macropus, 334. agilis, Putorius, 279. agrestis, Arvicola, 92. agrestis, Mus, 92. Agricola, Subg., 92. Aigocerus, 150. Ailurina, 212. Ailuropus, 30!. Ailurus, 300. aipomus, Sus, aper vat., 193. Alactaga, 101. alba, Phalangista, 343. albescens, Felis, 231. albicans, Balaena, 317. albicauda, Phoca, 308. albiceps, Sciurus, 7. albidiventris, Mus, 80. albifrons, Ictides, 249. albifrons, Paradoxurus, 249. albigena, Phoca, 308. albipes, Antilope, 154. albipes, Sciurus, 11. albipilis, Lagorchestes, 337. albiventer, Pteromys, 35. albogularis, Heteropus, 336. alboniger, Sciuropterus, 38. alborufus, Pteromys, 34. albovittatus, Sciurus, 31. albus, Lepus, 118. albus, Macropus, 334+ Alcephalus, 170. Alces, 186. alces, Cervus, 186. alexandrinus, Mus, 62. alexandrinus, Mus, rattus var., 63. alfurus, Babirussa, 196. allamandi, Galictis, 284. alopex, Canis, 268. alopex, Vulpes, 268. alophus, Hystrix, 106. alpina, Marmota, 44. alpina, Mustela, 281. alpinus, Canis. 261. alpinus, Cuon, 261, alpinus, Hypudaeus, 92. alpinus, Pieromys, 40. INDEX alpinus, Putorius, 281. alpinus, Sciurus, 23. alstoni, >ciurus, 21. altaicus, Moschus, 172. Alticula, Subg., 89. americana, Antilocapra, 171. americana, Antilope, 171. americana, Antilope (Kupicapra), 151. americana, Lutva, 297. americana, Martes, 276. americana, Mustela, 276, americana, Tamias, 30. americanus, Alces, 186 americanus, Bison, 131. americanus, Bos, 131. americanus, Castor, 44. americanus, Dipus, 9o. americanus, Lepus, 120. americanus, Lepus, 120. americanus, Mus, agrvarius var., 85. americanus, Ursus, 305. ammon, Cvis, 136. ammonoides, Ovis, 136. Ammotragus, 131. amphibius, Arvicola, 92. amphibius, Hippopotamus, 197. amphibius, Mus, 92. anatinus, Ornithorhynchus, 349, anatinus, Platypus, 349. anatolica, Ovis, 139. andamanensis, Mus, rattus var., 63. andamanensis, Sus, 195. andersoni, Herpestes, 254. annulatus, Sciurus, 30. Anoa, 124. ansoni, Phoca, 309. Antechinus, 347. Antidorcas, 157. antillarum, Cystophora, 309. Antilocapra, 170. Antilope, 162. antiquorum, Hyaena, 259. Aonyx, 291. apicalis, Hapalotis, 84. Aploceros, 151. arabica, Antilope, 159. arabica, Capra, 144. arabica, Gazella, 158. arabicus, Camelus, 192. arboreus, Mus, 63. Arctictis, 249. arcticus, Gulo, 283. arcticus, Lepus, 118, arcticus, Leucopleurus, 321. arcticus, Rosmarus, 307. Arctogale, 241. Arctomys, 41. Arctonyx, 290. arctos, Ursus, 304. argalt, Caprovis, 136. argentoratensis, Arvicola, 92. arianus, Mus, 75. ariel, Belideus, 340. aristotelis, Cervus, 176. avistotelis, Rusa, 176. arna, Bubalus, 129. arnee, Bos, 129. artemesia, Lepus, 120. arundinacea, Antilope, 164. arundinacea, Cervicapra, 164. arundinaceus, Eleotragus, 165. arvalis, Arvicola, 93. Arvicola, 87. Arvicola, Subg., 93. Ascomys, 9). ashtoni, Viverra, 236. asiaticus, Elephas, 206. asiaticus, Halmaturus, 337. asiaticus, Mus, 63. asiaticus, Rhinoceros, 202. Asinus, 198. asinus, Equus, 200. aspera, Manis, 332. assamensis, Mephitis, 290. assamensis, Sciurus, 18. asseel, Bibos, 125. assimilis, Mus, 79. ater, Arvicola, 92. ater, Ictides, 249. ater, Poephagomys, 102. Atherura, 104. atricapillus, Sciurus, 24. atrodorsalis, Sciurus, 15. atrodorsalis, Sciurus, 18. attenuata, Clymenia, 324. attenuatus, Prodelphinus, 324. attenuatus, Steno, 324. Auchenia, 192. auduboni, Lepus, 120. aurantiacus, Pteromys, 39. aurata, Felis, 222. auratus, Leopardus, 222. auratus, Paradoxurus, 248. aureus, Arctomys, 43. aureus, Canis, 264. aureus, Cervulus, 173. aureus, Cervus (Stylocerus), 173. aureus, Lupus, 265. aureus, Lynx, 233. aureus, Paradoxurus, 247. aureus, Saccalius, 265. aurita, Didelphys, 348. aurita, Manis, 330. auritus, Lagomys, 110. auriventer, Mustela, 281. INDEX. auriventer, Sciurus, 7. aurobrunnea Aonyx, 295. aurobrunnea, Lutra, 295. aurobrunnea, Lutra, 206. auropunctata, Viverra, 251. auropunctatus, Herpestes 251. australasia, Canis, familiaris var., 266. australiae, Chrysaeus, 266. australis, Balaena 312. australis, Belideus, 340. australis, Cavia, 109. australis, Halicore, 327. australis, Petaurus, 340. avellanarius, Mus, 45. avellanarius, Muscardinus, 45. avellanarius, Myoxus, 45. Axis, 174. i axis, Cervus, 181, axis, Cervus, 182. B Babirussa, 196. babirussa, Sus, 196. bachmani, Lepus, 120. bactriana, Alactaga, \10t. bactrianus, Camelus, 1g. bactrianus, Mus, 74. bactrianus, Spermophilus, 41. badging, Sciurus, 23. badius, Herpestes, 257. badius, Mus, 83. badius, Rhizomys, 97. bahrainja, Cervus, 179. baibacina, Arctomys, 44. baillonii, Arvicola, 93. bairdi, Lepus, 120. Balaena, 312. Balaenoptera, 313. bandicota, Mus, 57, 58. bandicota, Mus (Nesokia), 57. bandicota Nesokia, 57. bangkana Sciurus prevostii, var., 24. banteng, Bibos, 127. barang, Lutra, 294. Barangia, 291. barbara, Galeva, 284. barbara, Galictis, 283. barbara, Mustela, 283. barbarus, Canis, 265. barbarus, Cervus, 183. barbarus, Leo, 214. barbata, Cynogale, 250. barbata, Galera, 284. barbata, Phoca, :s08. barbatus, Callocephalus, 308. barbatus, Erignathus, 308. 353 barbatus, Gulo, 283. barbatus, Potamophilus, 250. barbei, Sciurus, 27. barclayanus, Mus (Nesokia), §5. Bathyergus, 98. beatrix, Oryx, 156. beavani, Mus, 80. beden, Aegoceros, 144. beden, Capra, 144. beisa, Antilope, 155. beisa, Oryx, 155. Belideus, 340. Beluga, 317. beluga, Delphinapterus, 317. bengalensis, Arvicola, 55 bengalensis, Canis, 271. bengalensis, Cynalopex, 271. bengalensis, Felis, 223. bengalensis, Hystrix, 106. bengalensis, Mus (Nesokia), 55- bengalensis, Nesokia, 55. bengalensis, Sus, 193. bengalensis, Viverra, 238. bengalensis, Vulpcs, 271. bennetti, Antilope, 159. bennetti, Cynogale, 250. bennetti, Gazella, 159. bennetti, Halmaturus 334. bennetti, Herpestes, 256. bennetti, Macropus, ruficuoliis var, 334- bennetti, Tragops. 159. bennetti, Viverriceps, 225. berdmorei, Mus, 71. berdmorei, Sciurus, 26. Bettongia, 338. besoartica, Antilope, 155, 162- bezoartica, Cervicapra, 162. Bibos, 124, bicolor, Arvicola, 8g. bicolor, Macroxus, 7. bicolor, Sciurus, 7. bicolor, Sciurus, 8, U1. bicolor, Tajirus, 198. bicornis, khinoceros, 205. biddulphi, Lepus, 114. bilineatus, Sciurus, 23. billardieri, Halmaturus, 335. billardieri, Kangurus, 335. billardieri, Macropus, 335. binturong, Arctictis, 249. binturong, Viverra, 249. bipes, Dipus, 100. birmanicus, Herpestes, auropuncta- tus, var., 252. Bison, 123. bivittatus, Scturus, 23. blanfordi, Arvicola, 91. 354 blanfordi, Dipus, 100. blanfordi, Mus, 70. blanfordi, Sciurus, 12. blanfordi, Sciurus, pygerythrus vaz., 12. blythi, Arvicola, 91. blythi, Balaenoptera, 314. blythi, Cabra, 143. blythi, Ceratorhinus, 204. blythi, Sciurus, 18. blythianus, Mus (Nesokia), 55. bobac, Arctomys, 41, 42, 43. bocourti, Sciurus, 22. boiei, Viverra, 241. bombayanus, Sciurus, 10 bonapartii, Genetta, 240. bondar, Paguma, 244. bondar, Paradoxurus, 244. bondar, Viverra, 244. booduga, Leggada, 80. borealis, Cystophora, 309. borealis, Felis, 229, 232. borealis, Gulo, 283. borealis, Lepus, 118, 120. borealis, Lyncus, 229, 232. bornensis, Sciurus, prevostii var., 24. Bos, 123. Boselaphus, 154. bougainvillei, Perameles, 345. bougensis, Sciurus, 30. bowersii, Mus, 62. brachyotus, Cercoleptes, 300. brachyotus, Sciurus, 31. brachyura, Felis, 221. brachyura, Manis, 330; 331. brachyura, Nesokia, 55. Brachyurus, 87. brachyurus, Halmaturus, 336. brachyurus, Herpestes, 255. brachyurus, Kangurus, 335. brachyurus, Leopardus, 221. brachyurus, Macropus, 335. brachyurus, Neofelis, 221. brachyurus, Procyon, 2¢8. brasiliensis, Lura, 297, brasiliensis, Lutra, 297. brevicaudatus, Gerbillus, 50, breviceps, Belideus, 340. breviceps, Didelphys, 348. breviceps, Geomys, 99. breviceps, Kogia, 315. breviceps, Petauras, 340. breviceps, Physeter, 315. brevirostris, Orcella, 318. brevirostris, Phocaena, 318. brittanicus, Arvicola, 93. brodiet, Sciurus, 25. broohes, Ovts, 136. INDEX. bruni, Didelphys, 337+ bruni, Dorcopsis, 337- bruni, Kangurus, 333: brunneus, Mus, 61. brunneusculus, Mus, 63. butalina, Antilope, 149. bubalina, Capricornis, 149. bubalinus, Nemorhaedus, 149 bubalis, Bos, 129. Bubalus, 124. bubalus, Bos, 129. Budorcas, 151. ~buduga, Leggada, @o. buduga, Mus (Leggada), 80. buffelus, Bos, 129. buffelus, Bubalus, 129. burcheli, Asinus, 200. burchelli, Equus, 200. burrhel, Ovis, 140. bursarius, Geomys, 99. bursarius, Mus, 99. bursarius, Pseudostoma, 99. bursarius, Saccophorus, 99. byroni, Phoca, 309. Cc caama, Alcephalus, 170. caama, Antilope, 170. caama, Boselaphus, 170. caama, Bubalus, 170. caama, Damalis (Acronctus), 170. caama, Fennecus, 273- caama, Megalotis, 273. caama, Vulpes, 273. caballus, Equus, 200. caecutiens, Buthyergus, 98. caffer, Bos, 130. caffer, Bubalus, 130. caffer, Chaus 232. caffer, Herpestes, 256. caffra, Felis, 232. caffra, Viverra, 256. Calictis, 250. californianus, Ovis, 138. californica, Didelphys, 348. californica, Lutra, 297. caligatu, Felis, 232. callotis, Lepus, 120. Calogale, 250. calomith:, Felis, 231. Calotragus, 166. calotus, Mustela, 28. calotus, Sciurus, 28. Camelopardalis, 171. camelopardalis, Cervus, 171. INDEX. 355 camelopardalis, Girafta, 171. Camelus, 191. campestris, Antilope, 166. campestris, Pediotragus, 166. cana, Vulpes, 272. canadensis, Ascomys, 99. canadensis Castor, 44. canadensis, Cervus, 185. canadensis, Dipus, 99. canadensis, Felis, 232. canadensis, Latax, 297. canadensis, Lutra, 297. canadensis, Lyncus, 232. canadensis, Mustela, 276, 282, 297. canadensis, Ovis, 137. cancrivora, Didelphys, 348. cancrivora, Mesobema, 256. cancrivora, Urva, 256. canescens, Felis 231. canescens, Lepus, 118. canescens, Meles, 288. caniceps, Macroxus, 14. caniceps, Pteromys, 36. caniceps, Sciuropterus, 36. caniceps, Sciurus, 13. canigula, Mustela, 280. canigula, Putorius, 280. canina, Phalangista, 342. canina, Phoca, 307. caninus, Trichosurus, 342. Canis, 261. canna Antilope (Oreas), 152. canna, Damalis (Boselaphus:, 153. canna Oreas, 152. Caoti, 298. Capella, 1§1. capensis, Cavia, 208. capensis, Elephas, 208. capensis, Felis, 231. capensis, Georychus, 99. capensis, Hippopotamus, 197. capensis, Hyaena, 259. capensis, Hyrax, 208. capensis, Ictonyx, 284. capensis, Lepus, 119. capensis, Mus 99. capensis, Myrmecophaga, 332. capensis, Orycteropus, 332. capensis, Oryx, 155. capensis, Sciurus, 31. capensis, Sti epsiceros, 153. capensis, XNerus, 31. capensis, Zorilla, 284. capistratus, Sciurus, 29. Capra, 142. capraea, Capreolus, 187. Capreolus, 187. capreolus, Cervus (Capreolus), 187. Capricornis, 147. Caprolagus, 112. Caprovis, 131. capybara, Hydrochoerus, 109. Caracal, 212. caracal, Felis, 230. caracal, Lynx, 230. carcharias, Viverra, 250. carcinophaga, Lobodon, 308. carcinophaga, Phoca, 308. carcinophagus, Stenorhyncus, 308, Cariacus, 187. caribou Rangifer, 188. CARNIVORA, 209. carolinensis, Felis, 233. carolinensis, Sciurus, 29. carolinus, Sciurus, 29. cashmeerianus, Cervus, 184. cashmerensis. Cervus, 184. castaneoventris, Sciurus, 17. castaneus, Rhizomys, 97. Castor, 44. catenata, Felis, 231. cathia, Putorius, 281. Catoblepas, 170. catodon, Beluga, 317. Catolynx, 212. catolynx, Felis, 228. catus, Felis, 232. catus, Felis, 233. caucasica, Capra, 143. caudata, An‘ilope, 149. caudata, Felis, 229. caudatior, Mus, 69. caudatus, Arctomys, 43. caudatus, Arctomys, 43. caudatus, Chaus, 229. caudatus, Nemorhaedus, 149. caudatus, Urotragus, 149. , caudimaculata, Hapalotis, 84. caudivolvula, Didelphys, 341. caudivolvula, Viverra, 299. caudivolvulus, Cercolept s, 299. caudivolvulus, Potos, 300 caudivolyulus, Ursus, 300. Cavia, 108. cavifrons, Bibos, 124. cawi, Ichneumon, 257. ceilonensis, Sciurus, 11. celebensis, Cuscus, 343. celebensis, Phalanger, 343. celidogaster, Felis, 225. celidogaster, Leopaidus, 225. Cephalophus, 167. Ceratorhinus, 201 Cercolabes, 103. Cercoleptes, 299. Cervicapra, 104. 356 cervicapra, Antilcpe, 162. cervicolor, Mus, 75. cervicolor, Mus, 8o. eervina, Ovis, 138. Cervulus, 172. Cervus, 174. CETACEA, 310. ceylanicus, Herpestes, 255. ceylonicus, Sciurus, 11. ceylonus, Mus, 63. chaltoni, Catolynx, 221. chaltoni, Felis, 221. chaltoni, Uncia, 221. chanco, Canis, 263. chanco, Lupus, 263. Chaus, 212. chaus, Felis, 227. chaus, Lynx, 228. chickara, Antilope, 168. chickara, Tetracerus, 168. chinensis, Felis, 223. chinensis, Leopardus, 219, 223. chinensis, Lutra, 292. chinensis, Sciurus, 19. Chiropodomys, 81. chiru, Antilope, 164. Cholopus, 328. christt, Gazella, 159. Chrvsaeus, 260. chrysogaster, Galidictis, 274. chrysogaster, Hydromys, 45. chrysogaster, Moschus, 172. chrysonotus, Sciurus 13. chrysothryx, Sciuropterus, 35. chrysurus, Canis, 271. cicognani, Mustela, 279. cineraceus, Eupetaurus, 4o. cineraceus, Pteromys, 33. cineraceus, Pteromys, oral var., 33. cinerea, Lutra, 299. cinereo-argentatus, Canis, 273. cinereus, Geomys, 99. cinereus, Phascolarctus, 343. cinereus, Rhizomys, 95. cinereus, Sciurus, 29. cinnamoneus, Mus, 69. cinnamoneus, Sciurus, 22. cinnamoneus, Ursus, 305. civetta, Viverra, 239. civettina, Vive-ra, 237. civettoides, Viverra, 236. Clymene, 324. Clymenia, 324. cobaya, Cavia, 109. coecutiens, Georychus, 98. Coelogenus, 108. Coelogenys, 108, coffaeus, Mus, 84. INDEX, collaris, Arctonyx, 290. collaris, Mydaus, 290. collaris, Ursus, 304. communis, Phocaena, 317. concolor, Felis, 230. concolor, Leopardus, 230. concolor, Mus, 68. concolor, Sciurus, 14. conditor, Hapalotis, 84. conditor, Mus, 84. congicus, Xerus 31. Connochaetes, 170. cooki, Phalangista, 341. cooki, Pseudochirus, 341. cora, Gazella, 158. couguar, Felis, 230. craspidotis, Lepus, 115. crassicaudata, Manis. 330. crassicaudata, Phascogale, 348. crassicaudata, Sminthopsis, 348. crassicaudatus, Podabrus, 348. crassipes, Mus, 63, 73. Cricetomys, 87. Cricetus, 85. crispa, Antilope, 149. cristata, Cystopkora, 309. cristata, Hystrix, 105. cristata, Hystrix, 105. cristata, Mirounga, 309. cristata, Phoca, 309. cristata, Viverra, 258. cristatus, Proteles, 258. cristatus, Stemmatopus, 309. cristatus, Sus, 193. Crocuta, 258. crocuta, Canis, 259. crocuta, Hyaena, 259. Crossarchus, 258. crossit, Ceratorhinus, 204. crossti, Paradoxurus, 243. crossit, Rhinoceros, 204. cryptorhinus, Gerbillus, 50. cuandu, Hystrix, 103. cuja, Viverra, 284. cummingii, Octodon, 103. cunicularis, Mus, 75. cuniculus, Bettongia. 338. cuniculus, Hypsiprymnus, 338. cuniculus, Lepus, 118. Cuon, 260. curzoniae, Lagomys, 110. Cuscus, 343. cuviert, Acanthion, 105. cuviert, Gerbillus, 47. cuvieri, Oedocephalus, 105. cycloceros, Ovis, 138. ynaelurus, 235. Cynailurus, 235. INDEX. 357 Cynalopex, 267. dorcas, Capra, 157. cynocephala, Didelphys, 346. dorcas, Gazella, 157. cynocephalus, Thylacinus, 346. dorcas, Gazella, 157, 158. Cynofelis, 235. Dorcopsis, 337. Cynogale, 240. dorsalis, Halmaturus, 334. Cystophora, 309. dorsalis, Macropus, 334. dorsalis, Nasua, 299. dorsata, Hystrix, 103. D dorsata, Phoca, 308. dorsatus, Erethizon, 103. dabagala, Xerus, 31. dromas, Camelus, 192. daccaensis, Mus, 55. dromedarius, Camelus, 192. dalmanni, Pholidotus, 331. Dromicia, 339, Dama, 174. drummondii, Geomys, 99. dama, Cervus, 186. dubius, Mus, §5, 71. darjeelingensis, Mus, 71. dubius, Paradoxurus, 243. darwinii, Felis, 231. dugong, Halicore, 326. Dasypus, 320. dugung, Trichechus, 326, Dasyurus, 346. dukhanensis, Canis, 260. dayanus, Lepus, 115. dukhunensis, Cuon, 260. decumana, Alactaga, 1o1. dumecolus, Mus, 83. decumana, Dipus, 101. dumeticola, Mus (Vandeleuria), 83. decumanoides, Mus, 61, 63. dussumierti, Sciurus, 25. decumanus, Mus. 61. duvaucellii Antilope (Nemorhae- deductor, Globicephalus, 319. dus), 148. degus, Dendrobius, 103. duvauceli, Cervus, 179. degus, Octodon, 103. aduvauceli, Recurvus, 180. degus, Sciurus, 103. dybowskii, Cervus, 182. dekan, Nyctocleptes, 95. dekan, Rhizomys, 96. delesserti, Sciurus, 26. E Delphinapterus, 317, Delphinus, 321. Echinoprocta, 103. delphis, Delphinus, 321. Echidna, 349. Dendrobius, 102. edeni, Balaenoptera, 314. depressicornis, Anoa, 130 EDENTATA, 327. depressicornis, Antilope, 139. edwardsii, Antilope (Nemorhaedus), depressicornis, Bos, 130. 150. derbiana, Hemigalea, 241. Egoceros, 156. derbianus, Halmaturus 335. elaphoides, Cervus, 179. derbianus, Paradoxurus, 241. elaphoides, Cervus (Recurvus), 180. destructor, Arvicola, 92. elaphus, Cervus, 183. Diabolus, 346. elaphus, Cervus, 184. diardi, Felis, 220. eldi, Cervus, 180. diardi, Felis, 221. eldii, Panolia, 181. dichrous, Arctomys, 43. electra, Lagenorhynchus, 321. Dicotyles, 196. elegans, Macropus, 337. Dicranocerus, 170. eleotragus, Antilope (Cervicapra), didactylus, Bradypus, 328. 164. didactylus, Cholopus, 328. eleotragus, Antilope (Redunca), 165. Didelphys, 348. elephantina, Phoca, 309. dimorphe, Cervus, 181. Elephas, 206. dingo, Canis, 266. elliotanus, Mus(Nesokia), 58. dingo, Canis, familiaris var , 266 ellioti, Golunda, 83. Diplostoma, 9g. ellioti, Herpestes, 254. Dipus, 100. ellioti, Leopardus, 223. domestica, Felis, 233. ellioti, Lutra, 294. dorcas, Antilope, 157. ellioti, Viverriceps, 223. 358 ellipsiprymnus, Antilope, 164. ellipsiprymnus, Kobus, 164. E llobius, 94. elphinstonit, Sciurus, 10. empetra, Arctomys, 44. encoubert, Dasy'pus, 329- Enhydra, 297. ephippium, Macroxus, 7. ephippium, Sciurus, 7. equina, Antilope, 150. eguina, Antilope (Aigoceros), 156. equinus, Cervus, 176. equinus, Hippotragus, 156. Equus, 198. - Erethizon, 103- erminea, Foetorius, 279. erminea, Mustela, 278. erminea, Putorius, 278. erythraeus, Sciurus, 15. erythraeus, Sciurus, 17. erythrogaster, Macroxus, 16. erythrogaster, Sciurus, 16. erythrogenys, Rhiz mys, 96. erythrogenys, Sciurus, 24. erythromelas, Sciurus, 24. erythronotus, Mus, 75. erythropus, Sciurus, 31. erythropus, Xerus, 31. erythrotis, Felis, 228. erythrotis, Mus, 70. erythrourus, Gerbillus, 49, 50. erythrurus, Gerbillus, 49. eschrichti, Delphinus, 321. esculentus, Glis, 45. euchore, Antidorcas, 162. euchore, Antilope, 162. euchore, Gazella, 162. eugenit, Kangurus, 325. eugenii, Macropus, 335. Eupetaurus, 40. Euphractus, 329. Euphysetes, 315. Eupleres, 250. europaeus, Capreolus, 187. europaeus, Castor, 44. europaeus, Lepus, 118. europaeus, Meles, 288. europaeus, Sciurus, 28. eurynome, Delphinus, 323. euryspilus, Helarctos, 504. eustephanus, Cervus, 184. F falconeri, Aegoceros (Capra), 145. falconeri, Capra, 145. falklandica, Cystophora, 305. INDEX. familiaris, Canis, 266. familiaris, Canis, 260. fasciata, Hyaena, 259. fasciatus, Crossarchus, 2538. fasciatus, Herpestes, 258. fasciatus, Kangurus, 337. faciatus Lagorchestes, 337. fasciatus, Lagostrophus, 337- fasciatus, Lynx, 233. Jasciatus, Mungos, 258. fasciatus, Myrmecobius, 348. fasciatus, Paradoxurus, 244. fasciculata, Atherura, 104- fasciculata, Hystrizx, 106. felinus, Paradoxurus, 244. Felis, 212. Senestratus, Dasypus, 329. ferox, Ursus, 303, 304. Serrilatus, Cynalopex, 272. ferrilatus, Vulpes, 272. Serrugineus, Herpestes, 254. ferrugineus, Sciurus, 22. Fiber, 87. fiber, Castor, 44. jimbriatus, Cynictis, 254. jimbriatus, Herpestes, 253. Jjimbriatus, Pteromys, 37- fimbriatus, Sciuropterus, 37. Jintaysonii, Paradoxurus, 243. finlaysoni, Scturus, 22. flavescens, Mus, 63. flavescens, Vulpes, 268, 270. fiavidens, Herpestes, 255. fiavigula, Martes, 274. filavigula, Mustela, 273. flavimanus, Sciurus, 12, 15. flavipes, Antechinus, 347. flavipes, Phascogale, 347. Slaviventer, Belideus, 340. fiaviventer, Petaurus, 340. flavus, Caudivolvulus, 302. flavus, Lemur, 299, flavus, Xerus, 31. floridanus, Lynx, 233. floweri, Rhinoceros, 203. fluminalis, Orcella, 319. foetidus, Putorius, 277. Foetorius, 276. foina, Martes, 275: foina, Mustela, 275. Sontanieri, Felis, 218. Sormosianus, Ursus, 303. Sossor, Wombatus, 344. fraenatus, Macropus, 336. Srederici, Herpestes, 253. frenata, Onychogale, 336. frithi, Delphinus, 322. frontalis, Bibos, 125. INDEX. frontalis, Bos, 126. frontalis, Cervus, 181. frontalis, Gavaeus, 126. Srontatus, Delphinus, 325. frontatus, Steno, 325. fulgens, Aelurus, 300. fuliginosus, Canis, 264. fuliginosus, Sciurus, 29. fuliginosus, Trichosurus, vulpecula var, 342. fulvescens, Herpestes, 255. fulvescens, Mus, 69. fulvidiventris, Mus, 80. fulviventer, Moschus, 189. fulvolavatus, Hydromys, 46. fulvus, Arvicola, 89. fulvus, Canis, 268. fulvus, Coelogenus, 108. Sulvus, Cricetus, 86. Sulvus, Meriones, 50. fulvus, Sciurus, 28. fulvus, Vulpes, 268. fulvus Vulpes, alopex var., 263. fumigatus, Lepus, 120. Surcifer, Antilope, 171. furcifer, Antilope (Dicranoceros), 171. Suro, Mustela, 277. furo, Putorius, foetidus var., 278. fusca, Mustela, 270. fusca, Nasua, 299. fusca, Osmetectis, 256. fusca, Viverra, 256. Suscatus, Tragulus, 190. fuscifrons, Gazella, 160. fuscocapillus, Ellobius, 94. Suscocapillus, Georychus, 94- Suscocapillus, Myospalax, 94. fuscocapillus, Pteromys 39. fuscocapillus, Sciuropterus 39. fuscus, Herpestes, 255. Fuscus, Ornithorhynchus, 349. fuscus, Phascolarctus, 343. fuscus, Schizodon, 102. Suscus, Xerus, 31. Susiformis, Delphinus, 321. G gabbii, Bassaricyon, 299. gadamu, Delphinus, 325. gadamu, Sutalia, 325. gale, Mustela, 279. galeopardus, Felis, 231. Galera, 283. galera, Herpestes, 257. galera, Ichneumon, 257. 359 galera, Mustela, 257. Galictis, 283. galiniert, Herpestes, 257. gambianus, Cricetomys, 87. gambianus, Sciurus, 30. gangetica, Platanista, 315. gangeticus, Delphinus, 315. gaurus, Bibos, 124. gaurus, Bos, 124. gaurus, Gavaeus, 125, Gavaeus, 124. gavaeus, Bos, 126. gayaeus, Bos, 124. Gazella 157. gazella, Capra, 155. gazella, Oryx, 155. gedrosianus, Ursus, 303. Genetta, 240. genetta, Viverra, 240. geoffroyi, Dasyurus, 347. Geomys, 99. Georychus, 98. gerbillinus, Mus, 74. Gerbillus, 46. gerbillus, Dipus, 51. gerboa, Dipus, 100. germani, Sciurus, 22. ghoral, Kemas, 148. gibbosus, Zebus, 131. gigantea, Yerboa, 333- giganteus, Macropus, 333- giganteus, Mus, 57. giganteus, Mus (Neotoma), 57. giganteus, Mus (Nesokia), 57- giganteus, Sciurus, 8. giganteus, Sciurus, bicolor var., 8. gingianus, Sciurus, 23. Giraffa, 171. giraffa, Camelopardalis, 171. glacialis, Lepus, 118. glama, Auchenia, 192. glama, Camelus, 192. glareolus, Arvicola, 89. glareolus, Mus, 89. gleadowi, Gerbillus, 52. gleadowi, Mus, 77. gliriformis, Dromicia, 339. gliriformis, Phalangista, 339. glroides, Chiropodomys, 82. glirvoides, Mus, 82. glis, Mus, 45. glis, Myoxus, 45. glis, Sciurus, 45. Globicephalus, 319. globiceps, Delphinus, 319. gmelini, Ovis, 139. gnu, Antilope, 170. gnu, Antilope Boselaphus), 170. 360 gnu, Catoblepas, 170. gnu, Connochaetes, 170. godmant, Mustela, 276. Golunda, 83. goral, Antilope, 148. goral, Nemorhaedus, 148. gordoni, Sciurus, 16. goudoti, Eupleres, 250. gouldii, Hapalotis, 85. gouldi, Mus, 79. gour, Bos, 124. gracilis, Herpestes, 257. grandis, Pteromys, 30. granti, Calogale, 257. grayt, Bettongia, 338. grayi, Euphysetes, 315. grayi, Hypsiprymnus, 338. grayli, Mus, 79. grayi, Paguma, 247. gray, Paradoxurus, 247. gregarius, Mus, 92. grifithiz, Nesokia, 54. grifithit, Vulpes, 270. Grimmia, 167. grimmia, Cephalophus, 168. grisea, Antilope, 167. grisea, Antilope (Cervicapra), 167. grisea, Antilope (Tragulus), 167. grisea, Felis, 231. grisea, Mangusta 253. griseimanus, Sciurus, 12. griseimanus, Sciurus, pygerythrus var., 12. griseiventer, Pteromys, 33. griseiventer, Sciurus, 23. griseopectus, Sciurus, 17. griseus, Herpestes, 251, 253, 256. griseus, Lagomys, 110. griseus, Leopardus, 231. griseus, Oreotragus, 167. Grisonta, 283. groenlandica, Phoca, 308. groenlandicus, Callocephalus, 308. groenlandicus, Pagopilus, 308. groenlandicus, Rangifer, 188. grotei, Acanthochoerus, 106. grunniens, Bos, 128. grunniens, Poephagus, 128. guentheri, Arvicola, 93. Gueparda, 225. gularis, Procyon, 298. Gulo, 283. gulo, Mustela, 283. gulo, Taxus, 283. gulo, Ursus, 283. gunni, Perameces, 345. guttata, Cynofelis, 235. guttata, Felis, 235. INDEX. guttata, Gueparda, 235. guy, Manis, 332. gwatkinsti, Martes, 274. Gymnomys, 84. Gymnopus, 276. gymnotis, Lagorchestes, 337+ H habessinicus, Lepus, 119. Halicore, 326. Hapalomys, 82. Hapalotis, 84. Haploceros, 151. hardwickii, Gerbillus, 47. hardwickii, Hemigale, 241. hardwickii, Mus, 5%. hardwickit, Mus (Nesokia) §4. hardwickii, Mustela, 273. hardwickii, Nesokia, 53. hardwickit, Viverra, 241. haroja, Phacochoerus, 197. harrisi, Thylacinus, 346. hazenna, Antilope, 159. Helarctos, 301. Helictis, 284. hemachalanus, Arctomys, 42, 43- Hemigale. 241. Hemigalea, 241. Hemigalus, 241. hemionus, Asinus, 199. hemionus, Equus, 198. Hemitragus, 142. hemprichiana, Antilope, 165. Hepoona, 341. hercynicus, H pudaeus, 80. hermaphrodita, Viverra, 243. hermaphroditus, Paradoxurus, 243. hermaphroditus, Paradoxurus, 244. hernandezit, Procyon, 298. Herpestes, 250. herschelli, Feliis, 223. Hesperomys, 85 heterocurvus, Rusa, 176. Heteropus, 336. hiternicus, Lepus, 118. Aimalaicus, Vulpes, 268. Aimalayana, Capra, 144. himalayana, Felis, 225. himalayanus, Arctomys, 41. hippelaphus, Cervus, 179. hippelaphus, Cervus, 176. hippelaphus, Tragelaphus, 154. Hippopotamus, 197. Hippotragus, 156. hippurus, Sciurus, 18, hippurus, Scturus, 16. Hurcus, 142. hircus, Capra, 147. hirsutirostris, Hystrix, 105. hirsutus, Mus, 84. hirsutus, Paradoxurus, 244. hispidus, Caprolagus, 117. hispidus, Lepus, 117. hodgsonii, Acanthion, 106. hodgsonit, Antilope, 163. hodgsoni, Arctomys, 42. hodgsonii, Hystrix, 106. hodgsonti, Kemas, 164. hodgsonii, Lagomys, 112. hodgsont, Mustela, 280. hodgsoni, Ovis, 126. hodgsoni, Pantholops, 163. hoffmanni, Cholopus, 328. homourus, Mus, 71. horeites, Mus, 63. horsfieldit, Aonyx, 296. horsfieldit, Leopardus, 223. horsfieldit, Mustela, 280. horsfieldii, Sciuropterus, 39. horsfieldii, Vison, 280. hottentottus, Bathyergus, 98. hudsonica, Lutra, 297. hudsonius, Dipus, 99. hudsonius, Hystrix, 103. hudsonius, Lepus, 120. hudsonius, Sciurus, 29. hudsonius, Sciurus, 40. hudsonius, Zapus, gg. humei, Mus, 70. humeralis, Mustela, 280. humeralis, Scvurus, 7. hurrianae, Gerbillus, 50. huttoni, Felis, 233. huttoni, Mus, 54. huttoni, Nesokia, 54. Hyaena, 258. hyaena, Canis, 258. hyaenoides, Viverra, 258. Hydrochoerus, 109. Hydromys, 45. hydrophila, Nesokia, 58. Hyelaphus, 175. hylocrius, Capra, 146. hylocrius, Hemttragus, 146. hylocrius, Kemas, 146, hyperythrus, Sciurus, 15. hypoleucus, Sciurus, 7. hypsibius, Lepus, 113. Hypudaeus 93. Hypudaeus, 87. HyracolpEa, 208, Hyrax, 208. Hystrix, 104. INDEX, hystrix, Echidna, 349. hystrix, Ornithorhynchus, 349. Ibex, 142. ibex, Aegoceros, 143. ibex, Capra, 143. Ichneumon, 250. ichneumon, Viverra, 258. Ictides, 249. Ictonyx, 284. imberbis, Strepsiceros, 153. inauritus, Ursitaxus, 287. inconspicua, Felis, 228, 232. inconspicua, Leopardus, 232. indi, Platanista, 315. indica, Alactaga, 101. indica, Arvicola, 53. indica, Balaenoptera, 313. indica, Lutra, 292. indica, Mellivora, 287. indica, Meminna, 189 tnd-cu, Nesokia, 55. indica, Spalacomys, 54. indica, Viverra, 238. indica, Viverricula, 238. indicus, Asinus, 199. indicus, Bos, 131. indicus, Canis aureus, 265. tndicus, Canis (Vulpes), 271. indicus, Dipus, 47. indicus, Elephas, 206. indicus, Gerbillus, 47. indicus, Globicephalus, 319. indicus, Globicephalus, 318. indicus, Halicore, 326. indicus, Manis, 330. indicus, Meles, 287. indicus, Mus, 57, 63. indicus, Oxygous, 265. indicus, Pholidotus, 330. | indicus, Ratelus, 287. | indicus, Rhinoceros, 202. indicus, Sciurus, ro. indicus, Sus, 193. indicus, Tapirus, 198 indicus, Ursus, 287. indigitatus Aonyx, 206, indigitatus, Lutra, 296. infrulineatus, Mus, 63. inornatus, Pteromys, 1,6. tnornatus, Sciurus, 12, inornatus, Ursus, 306. insectivorus, Cynalopex, 271%, insignis, Sciurus, 28. 361 362 insularis, Lemnus, 93. intermedia, Mustela, 275. intermedius, Ellobius, 94. interscapularis, Antilope, 159. todes, Tetracerus, 169. todoprymnus, Herpestes, 257. irbis, Felis, 218. irbis, Uncia, 218. isabella, Gazella, 157. isabellina, Felis, 229. isabellinus, Cricetus, 85. isabellinus, Lyncus, 229. isabellinus, Ursus, 302. Isomys, 53. isonotus, Sus, aper var., 193. tsonyx, Arctonyx, 290. Lsoodon, 345. italicus, Sciurus, 28. itatsi, Mustela, 282. J jacquemo.ti, Chorus, 228. jacquemonti, Felis, 228. jaculus, Dipus, roo. jaculus, Dipus, 101. jaculus, Mus, 100, 101. jagouarondi, Felis, 231. japonensis, Leopardus, 218, japonica, Rusa, 183. japonicus, Ursus, 305. jarat, Cervus, 176. jaraya, Rusa, 176. Jjavanensis, Felis, 223. Javanensis, Leopardus, 223. javanensis, Mephitis, 289. javanica, Manis, 331. javanica, Manis, 331. javanicus, Canis, 260. javanicus, Herpestes, 251. javanicus, Moschus, 190. Javanicus, Rhinoceros, 202 Javanicus, Tragulus, 190. javanus, Pholidotus, 332. javanus, Sbalax, 95. Javensis, Sciurus. 7. jemlaica, Capra, 146. Jemlaicus, Hemitragus, 146. jerdoni, Capra, 146. jerdoni, Felis, 223. jerdoni, Herpestes, 255. jerdoni, Leggada, 69. jerdoni, Mus, 69. jerdoni, Paradoxurus, 246. Jharal, Capra, 146. Joong shaiensis, Lepus, 115. Jourdani, Paradoxurus, 243. INDEX. jubata, Cynofelis, 235. jubata, Felis, 235. jubata, Myrmecophaga, 328. jubatus, Cynaelurus, 235. K kakhyensis. Mus, 72. haleensis, Sciuropterus, 38. kanchil, Moschus, 189. kanchil, Tragulus, 189. kandianus, Mus, 63. kanei, Putortus, 279. karelini, Ovts, 133. kathiah, Gymnopus, 281. kathiah, Mustela, 281. kathiah, Putorius, 281. keitloa, Rhinoceres, 205. kelaarti, Sciturus, 25. Kemas, 147. kemas, Antilope (Oryx), 164. keraudrenit, Sciurus, 22. kerguelensis, Cystophora, 309. kiang, Equus, 199. kiang, Equus, haemionus var., kingit, Halmaturus, 334. kingit, Kerodon, 109. Kinkajou, 299. kirki, »seotragus, 166. Kobus, 164. Kogia, 315. kok, Mus, 55. kok Nesokia, bengalensis var., 55. kokvee, Canis, 271. kudu, Strepsiceros, 153. kudu, Sti epsiceros, 153. kutab, Lutra, 292. kutas, Felis, 228. 199. L labiatus, Melursus, 306, labiatus, Prochilus, 306. labiatus, Ursus 306. labradorius, Dipus, 49. ladacensis Lagomys, 110, Lagenorhynchus, 321. lagomys, 109, lagopus, Canis, 264. lagopus, Dipus, too. lagopus,. Leucocyon, 264. lagopus, Vulpes, 264. Lagostomus, 108. Lagostrophus, 337. lagotis, Peragale, 344. lagotis, Perameles, 344. lalandi, Proteles, 258. Lama, 192. laniger, Canis, 262. laniger, Macropus, 333. laniger, Paguma, 249. laniger, Paradoxurus, 249. laniger, Paradoxurus, 247. lanigera, Antilope, 151. lanuginosa, Phalangista, 341. lanuginosus, Mus, 76. larvatus, Putorius, 278. lasiorhinus, Phascolomys, 344. lasiotis, Rhinoceros, 204. lasiurus, Platacanthomys, 46. Lataxina, 201. lataxina, Lutra, 297." laticauda, Manis, 330. laticaudatus, Rhinosciurus, 30. laticaudatus, Sciurus, 30. latifrons, Phascolomys, 344. latizrons, Phascolomys, 344. layardi, Sciuropterus, 39. layardi, Sciurus, 26. leachit, Pteromys, 37. lebrunti, Arvicola, 92. Leggada, 79. legura, Phoca, 308. lehmanni, Lepus, 114. Lemnus, 87. lemnus, Mus, 93. lemnus, Hypudaeus, 93. leutigenosa, Sotalia, 325. lentigenosa, Delphinus, 325. Leo, 212. ; leo, Felis, 214. leonina, Cystophora, 309. leonina, Phoca, 309. leoninus, Macrorhinus, 30g. Leopardus, 212. leopardus, Felis, 218. lepida, Leggada, 80. lepidus, Mus, 80. leporina, Phoca, 308. leptonyx, Aonyx, 266. leptonyx, Lutra, 295. leptura, Manis, 332. Lepus, 112. leschenaultii, Cervus, 176. leschenaltii, Sciurus, 7. lesueuri, Bettongia, 338. lesueurs, Hypsiprymnus, 338. leucas, Delphinapterns, 317. leucogaster, Hydromys, 46. leucogaster, Moschus, 172. leucogaster, Sciurus, 22. leucolachnaea, Martes, 275. leucomystax, Pag uma, 248. leucomystax, Paradoxurus, 248. INDEX, leuconyx, Ursus, 302. leucophueus, Hippotragus, 156. leucopleurus, Delphinus, 321. 363 leucopleurus, Lagenorhy nchus, 321. leucoprymnus, Bos, 127. leucopus, Hesperomys, 85. leucopus, Musculus, 85. leucopus, Mustela, 276. leucopus, Paradoxurus, 244. leucopus, Sciurus, 12. leucopus, Vulpes, 270. leucorhynchos, Nasua, 29. leucoryx, Antilope, 156. lercoryx, Oryx, 156. leucotis, Arctogaie, 241. leucotis, Mustela, 273. leucotis, Paradoxrurus, 241. leucotis, Sciurus, 29. leucotis, Tamtas, 27. leuco-umbrinus, Sciurus, 31. leucura, Arvicola, 93. leucura, Manis, 332. leucura, Meles, 289. leucura, Taxidea, 289. leucurus, Arvicola, 92. leucurus. Hystrix, 105. leucurus, Phaiomys, 91, levaillanti, Scturus, 32. leveriana, Viverra, 238. Linsang, 239. Lipurus, 343. - llacma, Auchenia, 102. loempo, Herpestes, 257. lokriah, Sciurus, 20. lokviah, Sciurus, 21. lokroides, Sciurus, 18. longicauda, Hystrix, 106. longicaudatus, Felis, 221. longicaudatus, Hapalomys, 82. longicaudatus, Lepus, 120. longipes, Dipus, 50. longipes, Mus, 50. longipilis, Mus, 79. longirostris, Delphinus, 322. longirostris, Ursus, 306. lotor, Meles, 208. lotor, Procyon, 298. lotor, Ursus, 298. lunata, Onychogale, 337. lunatus, Macropus, 337. lupina, Lutra, 297. lupulina, Felis, 229. Lupus, 261. lupus, Canis, 262. lupus, Canis, 263. luscus, Gulo, 283. luscus, Meles, 283. luscus, Ursus, 283. 364 Lutra, 291. lutra, Mustela, 292. sutra, Viverra, 292. lutreocephala, Mustela, 282. lutreocephala, Vison, 283. lutreola, Mustela, 282. lutreola, Vison, 283. lutreolus, Putorius, 283. lutris, Enhydra, 297. lutris, Lutra, 297. lutris Mustela, 297. lutris, Phoca, 297. lybica, Felis, 232. lybicus, Felis, 228. lybius, Melursus, 306. lynx, Felis, 229. lynx, Lynchus, 229. lyratus, Cervus, 181. dysteri, Sciurus (Tamias), 30. M maccarthiae, Cynichs, 255. maccarthiae, Herpestes, 255. maccarthiae, Onychogale, 255. macclellandi, Sciurus, 27. machlis, Alces, 186. macrocelis, Felis, 220. macrocelis, Neofelis, 221. macrocelts, Uncia, 221. macroceloides, Felis, 220. macroceloides, Uncia, 221. macrocephalus, Physeter, 314. macrodus, Paradoxurus, 246. Macropus, 332. macropus, Gymnomys, 84. macropus, Mus, 58, 84. macropus, Uromys, 84. Macrorhinus, 309. macrotarsus, Dipus, 100. Macrotis, 344. macrotis, Lagomys, 110. macrotus, Lepus, 116. macroura, Atherura, 104. macroura, Hystrix, 104. macroura, Voluce/la, 340. macrourus, Dasyurus, 346. macrourus, Sciurus, 11. Macroxus, 4. macruroides, Sciurus, 8. macrurus, Podabrus, 348. maculata, Axis, 181. maculata, Crocuta, 259. maculata, Didelphys, 347. maculata, Felis, 233. maculata, Hyaena, 259. INDEX. maculata, Viverra, 346. maculatus, Dasyurus, 346. maculosus, Prionodon, 239. madagascariensis, Herpestes, 256. magnificus, Pteromys, 35. major, Axis, 181. major, Ichneumon, 257. major, Mactropus, 333- malabarica, Hystriz, 105. malabaricus, Mus, 57. malabaricus, Sciurus, 10. malaccensis. Herpestes, 252. malaccensis, Viverra, 238. malaccensis, Viverricula, 238. malayanus, Helarctos, 303, 304. malayanus, Prorhilus, 204. malayanus, Tapirus, 198, malayanus, Ursus, 304. mandoka, Antilope (Neotragus), 165. mandoqua, Anvilope, 168. mandoqua, Cephalophus, 168. mandoqua, Grimmia, 168. manei, Mus, 71. Mangusta, 250. maniculata, Felis, 232, 233. Manis, 329. manul, Felis, 226. maral, Cervus, 184. margarita, Felis, 232. marina, Lutra, 297. marina, Latax, 297. marinus, Ursus, 3 5. maritimus, Bathyergus, ¢8. maritimus, Mus 98. maritimus, Thalarctos, 305. maritimus, Thalassarctos, 305. maritimus, Ursus, 3c5. marmorata, Felis, 221. marmorata, Uncia, 22:. marmoratus, Cutols 1x, 221. marmoratus, Leopardus, 221. marmota, Arctomys, 44. marmota, Mus, 44. MARSUPIALI4, 332. marsupialis, Didelphys, 348. Martes, 273. martes, Mustela, 274. martes, Mustela, 276. martinus, Mustela, 276. maugei, Dasyurus, 347. mauritanicus, Dipus, 100. maximus, Sciurus, 10, 11. maximus, Elephas, 206, 208. Mazama, 187. megabalia, Felis, 235. megaceros, Capra, 145. megaceros, Hircus, 145. megalotis, Felis, 233. megalotus, Cercoleptes, 300. megaspila, Viverra, 237. melampus, Aepyceros, 169. melampus, Antilope, 169. melanauchen, Lepus, 117. melanogaster, Vulpes, 268. melanoleucus, Atluropoda, 301. melanoleucus, Ailuropus, 301. melanoleucus, Ursus, 301. melanopsis, Pteromys, 36. melanorhyncha, Mustela, 276. melanotis, Antilope, 167. melanotis, Calotragus, 167. melanotis, Caracal, 230. melanotis, Hypsiprymnus 338. melanotis, Nanotragus, 167. melanotis, Pteromys, 30. melanotis, Sciurus, 21. melanura, Felis, 231. melanura, Cynictis, 257. melanurus, Viverra, 235. melas, Cervus, 173. melas, Delphinus, 318, 319. melas, Felis, 218. melas, Globicephalus, 319. Meles, 288. meles, Ursus, 288. meliceps, Mydaus, 289. Mellivora, 287. mellivorus, Ratelus, 287. Melogale, 284. meltada, Golunda, 76. Melursus, 306. Meminna, 188. meminna, Moschus, 189. meminna, Tragulus, 189. mephitica, Mephitis, 291. mephitica, Viverra, 291. Mephitis, 291. mephitis, Viverra, 291. mergens, Antilope, 167. mergens, Cephalophus, 167. meridianus, Dipus, 50. meridianus, Gerbillus, 50. meridianus, Meriones, 50. meridianus, Mus, 50. meridianus, Rhombomys, 50. Meriones, 46. — Mesobema, 250. mesomelas, Canis, 266. mesomelas, Vulpes, 266. messorius, Mus, 78. mettada, Mus, 76. mexicana, Felis 23. mexicanus, Cariacus, 187. mexicanus, Cervus, 187 microcephalu , Meriones, 9g. microphthalmos, Spalax, 94. INDEX, 365 Microtus, 87. micrurus, Cervulus, 174, migratorius, Sciurus, 29. milne-edwardsti, Capricornis, 150. mimenoides, Tragulus, 189. minor, Axis, 181. minuta, Felis, 223. minutus, Mus, 78. minx, Mustela, 282. ' mitchellii, Dipus, 85. mitchelli, Hapalotis, 85. mitchelli, Phascolomys, 344. mitrata, Phoca, 309. modestus, Sciurus, 20, molagan, Delphinapterus, 318. mollis, Lataxina, 297. monax, Arctomys, 44. monax, Mus, 44. monoceros, Monodon, 317. Monodon, 316. MoNOTREMATA, 349. montana, Antilope, 166. montana, Nasua, 299. montana, Ovis, 138, 139, 151. montanus, Haploceros, 151. montanus, Lynx, 233. montanus, Nanotragus, 166. montanus, Paradoxurus, 247, montanus, Scopophorus, 166. montanus, Vulpes, 268. montanus, Vulpes, alopex var., 268, -monticola, Arvicola, 92. monticola, Lutra, 294. monticolus, Herpestes, 255. monticolus, Lutra, 292. moormensis, Felis, 222. moormensis, Leopardus, 222, morungensis, Mus, 55. moschata, Helictis, 286. moschatus, Cervulus, 173. moschatus, Prox, 173. moschiferus, Moschus, 172. Moschus, 171. mouhotii, Sciurus, 26. maulleri, Dorcopsis, 337. mullert, Macropus, 337: multicolor, Sciurus, 30. mungo, Herpestes, 253. mungo, Herpestes, 258. mungo, Viverra, 253. Mungos, 250, mungos, Mangusta, 253. muntjac, Cervulus, 173. Muntjacus, 172. muntjacus, Stylocerus, 173. muntjak, Cervus, 173. Mus, 59. musanga, Paradoxurus, 243, 244. 366 musanga, Viverra, 243. musangoides, Paradoxurus, 243. Muscardinus, 45. muscardinus, Myoxus, 45. musculus, Mus, 78. musculus, Mus, 71. musignant, Arvicola, 92. Mustela, 273. mustelina, Rhabdogale, 284. mutgigella, Herpestes, 257. mutscheltschela, Herpestes, 257. Mydaus, 289. Myodes, 87. Myodes, Subg.. 89. Myospalax, 94. myosuros, Perameles, 345. . Myoxus, 45. Myrmecobius, 348. Myrmecophaga, 328. mysticetus, Balaena, 312, N nageri, Hypudaeus, 89. nahoor, Ovis, 140. nahoor, Pseudois, 140. nair, Lutra, 292, 29-4. namaquensis, Sciurus, 31, nana, Dromicia, 339. nana, Phalangista, 339. Nannomys, 79. Nanotragus, 166. nanus, Gerbillus, 51. nanus, Lepus, 120. napu, Moschus, 190. napu, Tragu.us, Igo. narica, Nasua, 299 narica, Viverra, 299. nasalis, Rhinoceros, 203. nasica, Nasua, 299. Nasua, 208. nasua, Ursus, 209. nasua, Viverra, 298. nasuta, Perameles, 345. natalensis, Antilope, 168, natalensis, Cephalophus, 168. nautica, Phoca, 308. nayaur, Ovis, 136, 140. nebulosa, Felis, 220. neglecta, Arvicola, 93- nemoralis, Mus, 63. Nemorhaedus, 147. nemorivagus, Mus, 58. nemorivagus, Nesokia, 58. nems, Viverra, 257. Neodon Subg,, 93. Neodon, 87. INDEX, Neofelis, 212. Neomeris, 318. Neotragus, 165. nepalensis, Barangia, 295. nepalensis, Calogale, 251. nepalensis, Lagomys, 112. Nesokia, 53. Nesotragus, 166. newera, Golunda, 84. nictitans, Grimmia, 168. niger, Canis, 263. niger, Ceratorhinus, 204, niger, Paradoxurus, 244. niger, Paradoxurus, hermaphroditus var, 244. niger, Sciurus, 29. niger, Sciurus, 29. niger, Ursus, 205. niger, Viverra, 244. nigra, Mustela, 276. nigra, Volucella, 340. nigrescens, Felis, 222. nigrescens, Putorius, 283. nigricaudatus, Ichneumia, 257. nigricaudatus, Lepus, 121. nigricollis, Lepus, 116, nigrifrons, Paradoxurus, 244. nigripectus, Felis, 226. nigripes, Felis, 232. nigripes, Sus, screfa var., 195. nigrovittatus, Sciurus, 23. nilagiricus, Mus, 83. nipalensis, Felis, 223. nipalensis, Gulo, 286. nipalensis, Helictis, 286. nipalensis, Herpestes, 251. nipalensis, Mus, 71. nipalensis, Paradoxurus, 247. nipalensis, Rusa, 176. nipalensis, Vulpes, 268, nitidus, Mus, 63. nitidus, Mus, alexandrinus var., 63. nitidus, Pteromys, 36. nitidus, Sciuropterus, 35. nitulidus, Mus, 76. nivalis, Arvicola, 92. nivalis, Mustela, 279. nivea, Procyon, 208, niviventer, Mus, 79. niviventer, Mus (Rattus), 70. nobilis, Leo, 214. nobilis, Pteromys, 35. nobilis, Sciuropterus, 35. noctivagus, Psammoryctes, 102. norvegicus, Lemnus, 93. notatus, Belideus, 340. notatus, Sciurus, 23. noveboracensis, Putorius, 270. novemcincta, Tatusia, 329. novemcinctus, Dasypus, 329. nubiana, Capra, 144. nudipalpebra, Cervus, 181. nudipes, Lutra, 292. nuttalli, Lepus, 120. Nyctocletes, 95. nyula, Calogale, 254. nyula, Herpestes, 253. oO obesula, Didelphys, 345. obesula, Isoodon, 345. obesula, Perameles, 345. obesus, Gerbillus, 52. obesus, Meriones, 52. obesus, Psammoniys, 52. ohesus, Rosmarus, 307. obscura, Clymenia, 324+ obscura, Felis, 232. obscurus, Delphinus, 324. obscurus, Procyon, 298. obscurus, Prodelphinus, 324. obtusa, Electra, 321. occidentalis, Pseudochirus, 341. oceanica, Phoca, 308. ocelot, Felis, 231, ochracea, Galerella, 257. ochraceus, Aelurus, 300. och:aceus, Herpestes, 257. echropus, Lipus, 119. Octodon, 102. octomammis, Mus, 69. ocularis, Sciurus, 32. Oedocephalus, 104, ogilbyt, Felis, 221. ogilbyi, Hypsiprymnus, 338. ogtlbyi, Paradoxurus, 248. oistolus, Lepus, 112. oistolus, Lepus, 114. oleracea, Vandeleuria, 83. oleraceus, Mus, 83. olivacea, Nasua, 299. onager, Asinus, 199+ Onychogale, 336. Onychogale, 250. oral, Pteromys, 33. Orcealla, 318. Orcella, 318. Oreas, 152. oreas, Antilope, 152. oveas, Boselaphus, 153. orveas, Damalis (Bosclaphus), 153. oregonensis, Geontys, 99. oregonensis, Pteromys, 40. INDEX. 367 Oreotragus, 166. oreotragus, Antilope, 167. oreotragus, Antilope (Tragulus), 167. oreotragus, Nanotragus, 167. orientalis, Cuscus, 343. orientalis, Didelphys, 343. orientalis, Gulo, 286. orientalis, Helictis, 286, orientalis, Helictis, 286. ortentalis, Hyaena, 259. orientalis, Lepus, 116. orientulis, Ovis, 139. orientalis, Phalanger, 343. orientalis, Pusa, 297. ornata. Felis 226. ornata, Ovis, 141. ornatus, Chaus, 226. oonatus, Herpestes, 257. Ornithorhynchus, 349. Orycteropus, 332. Oryx, 155. oryx, Antilope, 152, 155. oryaus, Axis, 178, Osmetect-s, 250. Ovis, 13). Oxygous, 261. P paca, Coelogenys, 108. paca, Mus, 108. paccerois, Tetracerus, 169. pachycercus, Mus, 77. Paguma, 242. pallasii, Capra, 144. pallasit, Paradoxurus, 243. pallasii, Phacochoerus, 197. pallasit, Platyschista, 244, pallasti, Spalax, 94. pallida, Viverra, 238. pallidus, Herpestes, 253. pallidus, Octodon, i03. pallipes, Canis, 263. pallipes, Herpestes, 251. pallipes, Lepus, 113. pallipes, Lepus, 114. pallipes, Lupus, 263. palmarum, Mus, 63. palmarum, Sciurus, 24. palmarum, Sciurus, 25. palmatus, Alces, 186. Paludicola, Subg,, gr. paludinosus, Herpestes, 2£7, paludosus, Athylax, 257. paludosus, Herpestes, 257. 368 pamirensis, Lepus, 114. Panolia, 175. panthera, Felis, 218. Pantholops, 163. Paradoxurus, 242. paradoxus, Ornithorhynchus, 349. paraguaensis, Lutra, 297. pardalis, Felis, 231. pardalis, Leopardus 231. pardicolor, Prionodon, 240. pardicolor, Linsang, 240. pardina, Felis, 232. pardinus, Lyncus, 232. pardochrous, Felis, 223. pardotdes, Felis, 231. pardus, Felis, 218. pardus, Felis, 218. pardus, Leopardus, 219. patazonica, Mirounga, 309. pealei, Pnoca, 307. pearsoni, Pteromys 38. pearsoni, Sciuropterus, 38. peba, Dasypus, 329. peba, Tatusia, 329. Pectinator, 101, pectoralis, t hocaena, 321. peguensis, Lepus, 117. peguensis, Mus, 82. pelandoc, Tragulus, 189. pembertoni, Sciurus, 27. penicillata, Bettongia, 338. penicillata, Didelphys, 347. penicillata, Petrogale, 336. penicillata, Phascogale, 347. penicillatus, Arctictis, 249. penicillatus, Chiropodomys, 82. penicillatus, Kangurus, 336. penicillatus, Macropus, 336. penicillatus, Sciurus, 24, 25. pennantii, Martes, 276. pennanti, Mustela, 276. pennanti, Paradoxurus, 244. pennsylvanicus, Sciurus, 2y. pentadactyla, Manis. 330. pentadactyla, Manis, 330, 331. Peracyon, 345. Peragale, 344. Perameles, 345. perchal, Mus, 57. perdicator, Fiverra, 240. beregrinus, Didelphys, 341. peregrinus, Pseudochirus, 341. beregusna, Mustela, 278. berniger, Delphinus, 323. perniger, Leopardus, 218. perniger, Tursiops, 323. persicus, Gerbillus. 49. persicus, Herpestes, 251. INDF RN, persicus, Vulpes, 270. personata, Helictis, 286. personata, Melogale, 28). personata, Mustela, 286. pertinax, Arvicola, 92. peruana, Lama, 192. Petaurista, 340. petaurista, Pteromys, 33, petaurista, Sciurus, 33, 36. Petauroides, 340. Petaurus, 340. petaurus, Didelphys. 340. Petrogale, 339. petrophilus, Hypudaeus, 92. Fhacochoerus, 197- phaeus, Cricetus, &5. phaeus, Mus, 85. Phatomys. 87. Phalanger, 343. Phalangista, 343. Phascogale, 347. Phascolarctus, 343. Phascolomys, 343. phayret, Scturopterus, 39. phayrei, Sciurus, 12. phayrei, Sciurus, pygerythrus var., 12. philippensis, Pteromys, 33. Phoca, 307. Phocaena, 317. phocaena, Delphinus, 317. phocaenoides, Delphinus, 318. phocaenoides, Neumeris, 318. Pholidotus, 329. Physeter, 314. picta, Antilope, 154. picta, Antilope (Boselaphus), 154. picta, Capra, 143. picta, Felis, 231. picta, Portax, 154. picticaudata, Gazella, 161. picticaudata, Procapsa, 161. pictus, Leopardus, 251. victus, Myoxus, 45. PINNIPEDIA, 307. piscator, Viverra, 276. piscatoria, Mustela, 276. . planiceps, Ailurina, 222. planiceps, Felis, 222. planiceps, Viverriceps, 222. plantani. Sciurus, 23- Platacanthomys, 46. Platanista, 315. platyceros, Panolia, 181. Platypus, 349. platyrhinus, Phascolomys 344. Platyschista, 242. platythrix, Leggada, 80. INDEX. blatythrix, Mus, 80. plumbea, Sotalia, 325. plumbeus, Delphinus, 325. plurimammis, Mus, 55. pluto, Herpestes, 257- pluto, Macroxus, 24. Podabrus, 348. poecilura, Felis, 218. Poephagomys, 102. Poephag us, 124. poephagus, Bison, 128. poephagus, Bos, 128. poeppigii, Spalacopus, 102. polaris, Thalaretos, 305. polaris, Ursus, 305. poli, Ovis, 133. poliocephala, Viverra, 283. polyodon, Asinus, 199. pomegra, Delphinus, 322. porcellus, Cavia, 109. porcellus, Mus, 109. porcinus, Axis, 178. porcinus, Cervus, 178. porcinus, Hyelaphus, 178. Porcula, 195. Portax, 154. Potamophilus, 249. Potos, 299. povensis, Mus, 83- pratensis, Mus, 78. prehensilis, Cercolabes, 103. prehensilis, Hystrix, 103. prehensilis, Paradoxurus, 242, 243. prehensilis, Synetheres, 103. prehensilis, Viverra, 243. prevostii, Sciurus, 23. primaevus, Canis, 260. primaevus, Chrysaeus, 260. primaevus, Cuon, 260. Prionodon, 239- ProBoscIDEA, 206. proboscidea, Cystophora, 309. proboscidea, Phoca, 309e Procapra, 157: Prochilus, 300. proclivus, Nemorhadus, 149. Procyon, 298. procyonoides, Canis, 266. procyonoides, Nyctereutes, 266. Prodelphinus, 324. Proteles, 258. providens, Mus (Neotoma), 55. providens, Mus (Nesokia), 55- Prox, 172. pruinosus, Rhizomys, 96. pruinosus, Ursus, 302. Psammomys, 46. psammophilus, Gerbillus, 50. 369 Psammoryctes, 102. Pseudochirus, 341. Pseudois, 131, Pseudostoma, 99. psora, Procyon, 298. Pteromys, 32. pulchella, Felis, 232. pulchellus, Chaus, 226. puma, Felis, 230. pumelio, Mus, 79. pbunctatissimus, Macroxus, 16. purpureus, Sciurus, 10. Pusa, 297. pusilla, Mustela, 279. busillus, Putorius, 279. pusillus, Vulpes, 270. Putorius, 276. putorius, Foetorius, 277. butorius, Mustela, 277. putorius, Viverra, 2g1- pyctoris, Mus, 63. pygarga, Antilope, 162. pygargus, Ovis, 138. pygerythrus, Sciurus, 11. pygmaea, Didelphys, 339. pygmaeus, Acrobates, 339. pytamidarum, Dipus, 52 pyramidarum, Gerbillus, 52. pyrenaicus, Ursus, 304. Pyrofelis, 212. pyrrhocephalus, Sciurus, 26. pyrrhopus, Sciurus, 31. Q quadricolor, Viverra, 274. il a Antilope (Cervicapra), I quadricornis, Tetracerus, 168. quadrimammis, Hemitrag us, 146. quadriscriptus, Paradoxurus, 244. quasje, Nasua, 290. quasje, Viverra, 208. quinguelineatus, Paradoxurus, 243. quinquestriatus, Sciurus, 21, quiqui, Viverra, 284. R vaflesii, Macroxus, 24. rafflesii, Sciurus 23. rama, Mus, 71. Rangifer, 188. rangifer, Tarandus, 188. 2A 370 vasse, Viterra, 238. ratel, Me.livora, 287. ratlamuchi, Ichneumon, 257. rattoides, Mus, 63. rattus, Mus, 62. ratwa, Cervus, 173. Recurvus, 174. vedimitus, Sciurus, 23. Redunca, 164. reduncus, Eleotragus, 165. reevesi, Cervulus, 174. reevesi, Cervus, 174. reevesi, Leopardus, 223. vegalis, Felis, 216. Rhinoceros, 201. Rhinochoerus, 198. Rhinosciurus, 30. Rhizomys, 95. Rhombomys, 46. vichardi, Halicyon, 307. richardsoni, Mustela, 279. riparia, Arvicola, 89. risia, Damalis (Portax), 154. robustulus, Mus, 63. robustus, Athylax, 257. robustus, Gerbillus, 52. RODENTIA, I. rvodolphi#, Sciurus, 27. roensis, Lutra, 292. rosmarus, Odobaenus, 307. rosmarus, Trichechus, 307. rostratus, Delphinus, 315, 324. rostratus, Steno, 324. rostratus, Tarsipes, 339. rouderi, Psammomys, 52. roylei, Arvicola, o1. roylei, Arvicola, go. roylei, Lagomys, 112. rubida, Capricornis, 150. rubidus, Lemnus, 89. rubidus, Paradoxurus, 248. rubiginosa, Felis, 225. rubiginosa, Viverriceps, 225. rubiginosus, Crossarchus, 254. rvubiginosus, Herpestes, 254. rubiventer, Sciurus, 7. rubricosa, Mus, 68. rubrolineatus, Sciurus, 29. rufa, Felis, 233. rufa, Nasua, 298. tufescens, Aepyprymnus, 338. rufescens, Arvicola, 89 rufescens, Bettongia, 338. rufescens, Lagomys, 111. rufescens, Mus, 63. rufescens, Mus, rattus var., 63. rufescens, Vulpes, 271. ruficaudatus, Lepus, 116. INDEX. ruficollis, Halmaturus, 334, 335+ ruficollis, Kangurus, 334- ruficollis, Macropus, 334. rufigenis, Sciurus, 21. rufinucha, Lepus, 120. rufiventris, Sciurus, 29. rufobrachiatus, Sciurus, 30. rufogaster, Sciurus, 18. rufogularis, Sciurus, 23. rufonigra, Sciurus, 23. rufus, Kangurus, 333- rufus, Lynx, 233- rufus, Macropus, 332. rufus, Ornithorhynchus, 349- rufus, Osphranter, 333. rupestris, Antilope (Tragulus), 166. Rupicapra, 151. rupicapra, Antilope (Rupicapra), 151. rupicapra, Capella, 151. Rusa, 174. russa, Cervus, 179. rutilans, Canis, 260. rutilans, Cuon, 260. rutilus, Mus, 89. rutilus, Sciurus, U1. rutilus, Xerus, 31. Ss sabrinus, Sciuropterus, 40. Saccalius, 261. Saccophorus, 99. sagitta, Sciaropterus, 39. sagitta, Pteromys, 38. sagitta, Sciurus, 39. sakeen, Capra, 143. sakin, Ibex, 143. saltatriz, Antilope, 167. saltatrix, Oreotragus, 167. saltiana, Antilope, 165. saltiana, Antilope (Cervicapra), 165. saltiana, Mandoqua, 165. saltiana, Nestragus, 166 saltianus, Neotragus, 165. salvania, Porcula, 195. sandbachii, Pteronura, 297. saramakensis, Macroxus, 24. Sarcophilus, 346. sarmatica, Mustela, 278. sarmaticus, Foetorius, 278. sarmaticus, Putorius, 275. INDEX. 371 saturatus, Moschus, 172. savit, Gerbillus, §2. saxatilis, Lepus, 120. schermaus, Lemnus, 92. Schizodon, 102. schomburgki, Cervus, 180. schomburgki, Recurvus, 180. Scirtetes, 101. Sciuropterus, 37. Sciurus, 4. sciurus, Belideus, 340. sclateri, Phacochoerus, 197. Scopophorus, 166. . scripta, Felis, 221. scrofa, Sus, 195. scrofa, Sus, 193. scullyi, Nesokia, 54. scylax, Chrysaeus, 260. senegalensis, Felis, 231. senegalensis, Hippopotamus, 197. senex, Sciuropterus, 30. serridens, Stenorhynchus, 308. Serval, 212. serval, Felis, 231. serval, Leopardus, 231. servalina, Felis, 223, 226, 220, 231. servalinus, Chaus, 223, 226. setifer, Mus, 58. setosa, Bettongia, 338. setosus, Paradoxurus, 244. setosus, Pteromys (Sciuropterus), 38. setosus, Sciurus, 32. setosus, Xerus, 31. sexcinctus, Dasypus, 229. shawensis, Delphinus, 315. shawiana, Felis, 227. siamensis, Sciurus, 22. sibirica, Capra, 143. siberica, Mustela, 282. siberica, Vison, 282. sibericus, Gulo, 283. sibericus, Moschus, 172. sibericus, Putorius, 282. sika, Cervus, 183. sikimensis, Arvicola, 93. sikimensis, Aonyx, 296. sikimensis, Neodon, 93. similis, Macroxus, 18. simplex, Sciurus, 31. simung, Lutra, 204. simus, Euphysetes, 315. simus, Rhinoceros, 206. sinaitica, Capra, 144. sinensis, Lepus, 117. SrreniA, 326. skyn, Aegoceros, 143. skyn, Capra, 144. sladeni, Mus, 63. sladeni, Sciurus, 18. Sminthopsis, 348. smithi, Calictis, 254. smithi, Cervus, 180, smithi, Herpestes, 254. socialis, Nasua, 200. soemmerringi, Antilope, 161. soemmerringi, Gazella, 161. Solitaria, Nasua, 299. sondaicus, Bos, 127. sondaicus, Givaeus, 127. sondaicus, Rhinoceros, 202. sondaicus, Rhinoceros, 204. soricinus, Mus, 78. sovricinus, Sciurus, 21, Sotalia, 325. spaduceus, Pteromys, 40. spadaceus, Sciuropterus, 40. Spalacomys, 53. « Spalacopus, 102, Spalax, 94. spekii, Gazella, 158. spekii, Pectinator, lor. spenserae, Tarsipes, 339. Spermophilus, 41. spiculum, Dipus, 101. spinulosa, Leggada, 80. spinulosus, Mus, 80. splendens, Bathyergus, 98. splendens, Sciurus, 22. splendidus, Scturus, 22. stanleyanus, Moschus, 191. stanleyanus, Tragulus, 191. stelleri, Enhydris, 297. stellert, Lutra, 297. stenbock, Antilope (Cervicapra), 166. Steno, 324. stenocephalus, Rhinoceros, 202. Stenorhynchus, 308. stigmaticus, Pavadoxurus, 241, stolicskana, Mustela, 280. stoliczkanus, Arvicola, 89. stoliczkanus, Lepus, 115. stoliczkanus, Putorius, 280. stracheyi, Arvicola, go, Strepsiceros, 153. strepsiceros, Antilope, 153. strepsiceros, Antilope (Tragelaphus), 153. strepsiceros, Damalis (Strep siceros), 153. striata, Hyaena, 258. striata, Viverra, 284. striata, Zorilla, 284, striaticornis, Tetracerus, 168, striatus, Sciurus, 30. striatus, Tamias, 30, 372 INDEX. strictus, Paradoxurus, 244. ; strictus, Paradoxurus, hermaphrodi- tus var., 244. strigidorsa, Mustela, 282. strigidorsus, Gymnopus, 282. strigidorsus, Putorius, 262. strophiatus, Mus, 75. stuarti, Antechinus, 347. Stylocerus, 172. subflaviventris, Sciurus, 20. subgutturosa, Antilope, 160. subgutturosa, Gazella, 160, subhemachalana, Mustela, 280. subhemachalana, Vison, 280. subhemachalanus, Putorius, 280. subhemachalus, Bibos, 124. sublimis, Mus, 73. sublineatus, Sciurus, 26. subniger, Coelogenus, 108. sub-4-cornutus, Antilope, 168. suillus, Mus, 98. sumatrana, Felis, 223. sumatrana, Sciurus, prevostii var., 24. sumatranus, Ceratorhinus, 204. sumatranus, Leopardus, 223. sumatranus, Tapirus, 198. sumatranus, Rhinoceros, 204. sumatranus, Rhinochoerus, 198. sumatrensis, Antilope, 150. sumatrensis, Antilope (Nemorhae- dus), 150. sumatrensis, Canis, familiaris var., 260. sumatrensis, Capricornis, \§0. sumatensis, Ceratorhinus, 204, sumatrensis, Cuon, 250. sumatrensis, Mus, 05 sumatrensis, Nemorhaedus, 150. sumatrensis, Rhinoceros, 204. sumatrensis, Rhizomys, 95. Sus, 102, svineval, Globicephalus, 319. swinhoei, Capricornis, 150, swinhoei, Cervus, 178. swinhoei, Gerbillus, 52. swinhoei, Lutra, 296. swinhoei, Rusa, 178. swinhoei, Sciurus, maclellandii var., 27. sylhetanus, Bos, 126. sylvatica, Antilope, 154, sylvatica, Martes, 275. sylvaticus, Lepus, 120. sylvaticus, Mus, 78. sylvaticus, Mus, 7-, 77, 88. sylvaticus, Tragelaphus, 154. sylvestris, Felis, 232, ' Synetheres, 103. syriacus, Ursus, 302. 2 tabernaculi, Halicore, 326. Tachyglossus, 349. Taeniogale, 250. taenionota, Ariela, 258. taenionotus, Ichneumon, 258. taevanus, Cervus, 183. tafa, Dasyurus, 347. taguanoides, Petaurista, 340. taguanoides, Petaurus, 340. taiouanus, Cervus, 183. tajacu, Dicotyles, 196. tajacu, Sus, 196. Tamias, 30. tangalanga, Viverra, 237. tangalanga, Viverra, 237. Tapirus, 1¢8. Tarandus, 188. tarandus, Cervus (Rangifer), 188. tarandus, Rangifer, 188. a tarayensts, Mus, 55. Tarsipes, 339. tataricus, Arctomys, 41. Tatusia, 328. taurus, Bos, 131. taxicolor, Budorcas, 151. taxoides, Arctonyx, 291. taxus, Meles, 283. temmincki, Felis, 222. temon, Mustela, 281. tenasserimensis, Felis, 223. tendal, Strepsiceros, 153. tennentii, Sciurus, 11. Tenotis, 30. tenuis, Sciurus, 20. terrestris, Mus, 92. terricolor, Mus, 80. Tetracerus, 1€8 tetragonurus, Mus, 63. texitanus, Lepus, 121. texianus Sciurus, 29. thar, Antilope, 149. thar, Capricornis, 149. theobaldi, Mus, 74. thetidis, Halmaturus, 335. thetidis, Macropus, 335. thetis, Halmaturus, 335. thibetanus, Helarctos, 303. thibetanus, Ursus, 303, 305. thricolis, Arvicola, 93. INDEX, Thylacis, 345. Thylacinus, 345. thysanurus, Herpestes, 254. tibetanus, Arctomys, 41, 42, 43. tibetanus, Lepus, 114. tibetanus, Lepus, 1t4. tiberanus, Putorius, 248. tibetensis, Arctomys, 41. tigrensis, Lepus, 119. tigrina, Genetta, 240. tigrina, Viverra, 240, Tigris, 212. tigris, Felis, 216. timidus, Lepus, 118. timidus, Lepus, 118. torquata, Felis, 226, 233. torquatus, Dicotyles, 190. torquatus, Ursus, 303. toufaeus, Martes, 275. Tragelaphu:, 154. tragelaphus, Ammotragus, 141. tragelaphus, Ovis, 141. tragocamelus Antilope, 154- tragocamelus, Boselaphus, 154. tragocamelus, Portax, 154. Tragops, 157- Tragulus, 188. tragulus, Antilope (Gazella), 166. tragulus, Calotragus, 166. tragulus, Nanotragus, 166. tragus, Rupicapra, 151. Trichechus, 307. trichechus, Rosmarus, 307. trichodactylus, Lagostomus, 108. Trichosurus, 341. trilineatus, Sciurus, 26. tristriatus, Sciurus, 25. trivirgata, Arctogale, 241. trivirgata, Arctogale, 242. trivirgata, Paguma, 241. trivirgatus Paradoxurus, 241, 242. truncatus, Delphinus, 323. tulliana, Felis, 218. tunjac, Cervus, 179. tupaiotdes, Rhinosciurus, 30. tupaioides, Sciurus (Rhinosciurus), 30. turnbulli, Sciuropterus, 38. tursio, Delphinus, 323. tursio, Tursiops, 323. Tursiops, 323. typhlus, Mus, 94. typhlus, Spalax, 94. typus, Pavadoxurus, 244, tytleri, Lepus, 116. tytleri, Mus, 71. 373 tytlerti, Paradoxurus, 247. U ualabatus, Halmaturus, 333« ualabatus, Kang urus, 333- ualabatus, Macropus, 333. Uncia, 212. uncia, Felis, 217. uncia, Leopardus, 218. uncioides, Felis, 218. undata, Felis, 223. undulata, Viverra, 236. UNGULATA, 121. unicolor, Cervus (Rusa), 176. unicolor, Dromicia, 339. unicolor, Felts, 230, 231. unicornis, Rhinoceros, 202. unicornis, Rhinoceros, 205. urbauus, Mus, 71. urinatrix, Mangusta, 257. Uromys, 84. Urotrag us, 147. ursina, Didelphys, 344, 346. ursinus, Bradypus, 306. ursinus Dasyurus, 346. ursinus, Phascolomys, 344. ursinus, Prochilus, 306. ursinus, Melursus, 306. ursinus, Sarcophilus, 346. Ursitaxus, 287. Ursus, 301. Urva, 250. urva, Gulo, 256. urva, Herpestes, 256. Vv vaginalis, Cervulus, 173. vaginalis, Cervus, 173. vaginalis, Montjacus, 173. Vandeleuria, 83. vansire, Atilax, 257. vansire, Athylax, 257. variabilis, Lepus, 118, varians, Mephitis, 291. variegata, Vulpes, 266. variegatus, Canis, 266. variegatus, Isomys, 53. variegatus, Mus, 53. variegatus, Sciurus, 20. varius, Leopardus, 218. 374 varius, Sciurus, 28. venetica, Calogale, 257. vera, Gazella, 158. veterum, Kangurus, 337: vexillarius, Dipus, 101. viculorum, Mus, 72. vignii, Ovis, 139. vignii, Ovis, 138. willosus, Sciuropterus, 38. virgata, Felis, 229. virginiana, Didelphys, 348. virginiana, Vulpes, 273. virginianus, Canis, 273. virginianus, Cariacus, 187. virginianus, Cervus, 187. virginianus, Cervus (Mazama), 187. virginianus, Lepus, 120. virginianus, Sciurus, 29. virginianus, Urocyon, 273. Vison, 279. vison, Lutra, 282. vison, Mustela, 282. vison, Putorius, 282. vittata, Galictis, 284. vittata, Grisonia, 284. vittata, Naswa, 299. vittata, Viverra, 284. vittatus, Gulo, 284. vittatus, Sciurus, 23- vitticollis, Herpestes, 256. vitticollis, Mangusta, 256. vitticollis, Mungos, 256. vitticollis, Taeniogale, 256. vitulina, Phoca, 307. vitulinus, Callocephalus, 307. Viverra, 235- Viverriceps, 212. viverriceps, Felis, 225. Viverricula, 238. viverrina, Felis, 225. viverrina, Phalangista, 341. viverrinus, Dasyurus, 347. viverrinus, Leopardus, 225. viverrinus, Nyctereutes, 266. volans, Didelphys, 340. volans, Petauroides, 340. volans, Sciurus, 40. Volucella, 340. volucella, Sciuropterus, 4o. volucella, Sciurus, 40. vombatus, Phascolomys, 344. oulgaris, Asinus, 200. vulgaris, Dama, 186. aulgaris, Foetorius, 279. vulgaris, Genetta, 240. vulgaris, Hyaena, 259. gulgaris, Lupus, 262. yulgaris, Lotor, 298. INDEX. vulgaris, Lutra, 292. vulgaris, Lyncus, 220. vulgaris, Martes, 275+ vulgaris, Aeles, 288. aulgaris, Mustela, 279 vulgaris, Putorius, 279. vulgaris, Putorius, 277+ vulgaris, Sciurus, 28. gulgaris, Sciurus, 29+ vulgaris, Taxus, 288. vulgaris, Vulpes, 268. vulpecula, Didelphys, 341. vulpecula, Trichosurus, 341. vulpecula, Viverra, 298. Vulpes, 267. aulpes, Canis, 268. vulpina, Didelphys, 342, aulpina, Mustela, 276 vulpina, Phalangista, 342 ovulpinus, Felis, 229. vulpinus, Sciurus, 29. Ww wagati, Felis, 223. wagneri, Mus, 77. wallichii, Cervus, 184. mwapiti, Cerous, 185. warryato, Capra (Iiex), 146. mwarryato, Kemas, 146. mwashingtoni, Lepus, 120. watsoni, Pelomys, 84. winingus, Mustela, 282. wombat, Phascolomys, 344- Wombatus, 243. wynnei, Arvicola, go. x xanthodon, Spalax, 95. xanthopus, Petrogale, 336. xanthopus, Phalangista, 342. Xerus, 31. Y yagouarondi, Felis, 231. yagouarondi, Lropardus, 231. yarkandensis, Lepus, 115. yunnanensis, Hystrix, 107. yunnanensis, Mus, 63. yunnanensis, Pteromys, 35. INDEX. 375 Zz zibellina, Mustela, 276. Zapus, 99. zibetha, Viverra, 236. zebra, Hemigalus, 241. zibetha, Viverra, 237. zebra, Paradoxurus, 241. sibethicus, Castor, 87. sebroides, Equus, 200. zibethicus, Fiber, 87. Zebus, 124. sibethicus, Ondatra, 87. geylanicus, Paradoxurus, 247. Zorilla, 284, seylanicus, Sciurus, 11. zorilla, Ictonyx, 284. zeylonensis, Hystrix, 105, sorilla, Mephitis, 284. seylonensis, Sus, 193. sorilla, Viverra, 284. sibellina, Martes, 276, G. 1. C. P, O.—No, 8 1. 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