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THE JOHN - CRAIG

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COLLEGE OF

AGRICULTURE

NEW YORK STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,

EPARTMENT OF HORTICULTUE

ITHACA, WM. Y,

The strawberry, and its culture:with a

Cornell University

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THE PRESIDENT WILDER STRAWBERRY.

" THE

STRAWBERRY,

AND

ITS CULTURE:

WITH

\ A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

ra

OF ALL KNOWN VARIETIES.

BY

J. M. MERRICK, JR.

BOSTON: J. E. TILTON AND COMPANY. — 1870.

ding to Act of Congress, in the year 1870, by J. M. MERRICK, JR., In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.

@i4453

STEREOTYPED AT THE BOSTON STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY, 19 Spring Lane.

THE AUTHOR

DEDICATES THIS LITTLE TREATISE

TO HIS FRIEND

FRANCIS PARKMAN.

PREFACE.

AN annually increasing interest is felt in this country in the cultivation of strawberries. Every year brings with it new varieties, and a better knowledge of old kinds, new methods, and a clearer insight into the merits and defects of those heretofore practised. The old days when the Wood strawberry, the Early Virginia, and one or two now forgotten kinds, supplied the market, and when a man who picked fifty boxes a day was held ‘to be a large strawberry grower, are past and gone. We have now scores of varieties for each one of the old kinds, and single commission houses sell sometimes twelve thousand boxes a day.

The magnificent success of Hovey in producing his Seedling stimulated many other horticulturists to ex- periment, and has led to the. productidn of countless kinds, many of them of high rank. The war of words that was caused by the production of Hovey’s Seedling has been succeeded by peace, or by acalm, and it has led to much. good; for those who fought ‘so bitterly with tongue and pen have attempted to work out their theories in the garden, and in so dging have produced new and most valuable kinds of strawberries.

5

6 Preface.

Myatt, Rivers, Nicholson, and Ingram, in England ; De Jonghe in Belgium; Dr. Nicaise (now no more), Gloede, Robine, Pelvilain, Boisselot, and others, in France; Burr, Prince, Scott, Fuller, Read, Durand, ‘Downer, Boyden, Wilder, and many others, at home, — have given us a host of varieties, some of them so good that we are embarrassed in choosing amid such pro- fusion.

Many of these, to be sure, do not rise above a certain grade of goodness; but once in a while one comes that towers above its fellows, and stands alone in its pecu- liar place. Such berries are the Hovey, La Constante, the British Queen, and our great recent acquisition, the President Wilder.

The hope of drawing prizes like these keeps experi- menters busy with their lotteries of seedlings. The number of amateurs at work, the pride they take in their own results, the interest they feel in their neigh- bors’ success, and the broad acres cultivated with straw- berries, to supply the ever-greedy markets of our cities, are all proofs of the deep hold the strawberry has upon the attention of tens of thousands of intelligent culti- vators in this country.

In the hope that one in a thousand of these may feel kindly disposed towards a new strawberry manual, I have written this little treatise.

I intended to preface it with a chapter on the botan- ical relations of the strawberry, and to discuss the ques- tion of the number of species, &c.; but finding the matter so much confused, and learning from the highest botan- ical authority in the country (whose kindness to me I

Preface. 7

desire to acknowledge), that Ze might possibly settle the problem, if he gave it @ year’s study, I concluded to omit my prefatory chapter, and to begin with the’ more ‘tangible topics of soil and manure.

“I may add that it would have been easy for the pub- ‘lishers to fill this book with illustrations of strawberries taken at second hand, and for whose accuracy they could not vouch; but it has been thought better to use only drawings made from actual specimens of fruit. Such illustrations will be given in future editions.

. J. M. M., Jr. February 8, 1870. ®

CONTENTS.

I. On Manures AND PREPARATION OF THE SOIL. .

II. On PEANTING: « «© & « «© @ eee we SB III. METHODS OF CULTIVATION. . . . 2 6 6 IV. On WINTER PROTECTION. . . 4 6 oar V. On PROPAGATION. . . 2. «© 2 © «@ © @ VI. “On Insecr ENEMIES. + . + 6 2 2 2 + © VII. Ow Forcinc STRAWBERRIES. . . « 2 « «

VIII. On THe PropucTrion oF NEW VARIETIES..

IX. THe QuEesTION oF TASTE. . « « 6 6 6 «

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES. .-. « « « « «

THE STRAWBERRY BOOK.

CHAPTER I. QN MANURES AND PREPARATION OF THE SOIL.

Norninc. marks the different kinds of strawberries more strikingly than their behavior with regard to the ‘soils in which they succeed or fail. The wild native ‘strawberry grows and ripens its little berries in the poor- est and dryest soil, where our choicer kinds would quickly come to nought.

Taking this as the lowest point, we find next above it, in regard to poverty of soil, such kinds as the Scotch Runner, the Downer’s Prolific, and the Cutter’s Seedling. These will all grow and do passably well in a light, poor soil. Ihave had a bed of Downer’s Prolific that made a very decent show of fruit in very light, poor ground after three years of total neglect.

The Agriculturist, although, to he sure, it loves a good soil, will do very well in light, sandy land, as will the Brooklyn Scarlet, the Scarlet Magnate, and French’s Seedling.

Hovey’s Seedling (and fine fibrous-rooted kinds gener- ally), Triomphe de Gand, Jucunda, President Wilder, and, in short, our best large varieties, love a.rich, deep, and mellow soil, and one that is a little moist; while for La Constante, the Bicton and Elton Pines, Haquin, Dr.

II

12 . Lhe Strawberry Book.

Nicaise, Admiral Dundas, &c., the ground can hardly be made too deep or too rich. The latter varieties will fail utterly where the Wilson or the Agriculturist would do tolerably well. The President Wilder exhibits in many respects its relationship to La Constante, and, like that fine berry, it is fond of good feeding.

While many kinds of strawberries will do well, al- though poorly fed, there is hardly one that will not do better on well-manured land; and in general, we may say, as in the case of other crops, the more manure the more strawberries.

The Germans are fond of saying of their vineyards, “ Well dug is half manured;” but deep cultivation and fine working the land for strawberries, although of ex- ceeding value, will not take the place of manure.

It is hard to name the fertilizer that cannot be used to advantage, either: in preparing the soil for a strawberry plantation, or as a top-dressing for it. Stable manure, compost, unleached ashes, superphosphate of lime, guano, fish manure, and hen dung, may each and all be used with profit. Market gardeners, who can command an abundance of stable manure, generally give that the pref- erence, using Peruvian guano, however, as a tonic, or special means ‘for bringing up to the mark any part of a field that seems to be behind the rest in vigor or health. Lime alone is considered by some injurious, but super- phosphate of lime is certainly beneficial. Guano alone, scattered broadcast half a dozen times through the sum- mer, before a rain in each case ‘if possible, using in all eight hundred or a thousand pounds to the acre, produces wonderful results, and may take the place of all other manures. I have used it in this way with excellent results. Guano composted in the fall, with say fifty times its bulk of peat earth, and allowed to remain through the winter in a pile, well covered with a few inches of soil, makes, in the opinion ef many, the best possible of all composts, 5 :

The Strawberry Book. 13

Unleached wood ashes is an admirable fertilizer. It tends to produce runners, and hence is valuable in propa- gating new varieties, or in securing what is technically called a good spread, i. e., making single rows of plants, set‘three or four feet apart in the spring, cover thé whole intermediate space by fall. Ashes, of course, should not be used together with guano.

No definite rule can be given as to the amount of ma- nure an acre of strawberries requires. The best and most successful cultivators I know, — men who make a. large share of their income from their strawberries, — in reply to my question, ‘“‘ How much manure do you use?” have. invariably said, “All we can get.” Ihave seen a field of naturally strong soil, where the owner ploughed in all the stable manure he could conveniently spread, then spread and ploughed in a quantity equal to the first, and, when his plants had become established, spaded a third dressing in between the rows. The variety planted was the Triomphe de Gand, and the result was an enormous crop of immense Bertics, selling at the highest price, and, I presume, an equally enormous crop .of some market vegetable the next season. For it should be noticed that the system of cultivation adopted must in some measure regulate the amount of manure applied. For ‘instance, where strawberries are planted in rows or hills, and are -to remain thus for two or three years, good results may be looked for with perhaps half the amount of manure required in the annual system — where rows set out in April or May are to fill the spaces with strong, vigorous plants by the first of September. The finer the manure the better ; and whatever is applied should be thoroughly mixed and incorporated with the soil— guano and ashes excepted, which do very well if merely sprinkled on the surface before a rain. ‘

With these two admirable fertilizers little and often should be the rule. A fall top-dressing of light, strawy

14 The Strawberry Book.

horse manure is excellent, acting, as it does, as a fertilizer and a protection at once, but it should be very light and strawy. <A top-dressing of heavy, green manure, applied in the fall, will, as I can testify, give the grower a bed of black and stone dead plants in the spring.

The different manures have different claims. Guano and ashes, for instance, are portable and convenient, and give much strength in a small bulk, while stable manure lightens heavy land, and leaves the field in better heart, to use a farmer’s expression.

It is said to be unprofitable to use more than half a ton of Peruvian guano to the acre. I applied it to a small field of plants set out this year at the rate of- twelve hun- dred pounds per acre, with excellent results, so far as a good spread and stockiness of the young.vines are con- cerned. ;

The best preparation the soil can have to fit it for straw- berry cultivation is deep and thorough ploughing. The soil for strawberries, whether poor or rich, can hardly be too fine or too deep. Charles Downing, I think, says that he has unearthed strawberry roots that were four feet long ; and any one can convince himself of the fact that they spread very widely, by carefully tracing out the fibrous roots of a Hovey in a good garden soil,

A clean-hoed crop of corn is, perhaps, as good as any- thing to precede strawberries, although, of course, pota- toes, or any market vegetable that requires clean culture, may be substituted for corn. (I may add, in parentheses, that, on the other hand, a strawberry bed that has done bearing may be ploughed under and followed by potatoes with surprisingly good results.) .

Freedgm from weeds is a great blessing in all cases, but is especially desirable in strawberry culture, and one or two extra hoeings bestowed on a crop of potatoes or corn, that is to be followed by strawberries, will not only benefit the plants that are hoed, but will be clear gain in

The Strawber?y Book. 15

the next year’s operations. If a piece of pasture or grass land be selected for strawberries, it must be cultivated for one year, at least, with some clean-hoed crop.. The awful result of doing otherwise is shown in the chapter on in- sect enemies.

If the land is heavy and inclined to wetness, ploughing up the soil in ridges very late in the fall is an excellent plan. A good deal: of surface is thus exposed to the weather, the ridges keep freezing and thawing. through the winter, and a good many grubs probably meet their death. Any process that leaves the field deep, rich, and mellow, insures success, so far as soil alone is concerned.

Now and then we find a soil that is black and unctuous, neither wet nor dry, but delightfully moist throughout, and light enough to let the roots penetrate easily; and on soils like this are raised the crops that figure in the news- papers and.in reports of premiums, Fields of this soil, well manured, give results that amaze even their owners. I have in-my mind some fields of this rich, black soil, from which, I am told, have been picked nine thousand boxes per acre in a single season,

16 The Strawberry Book.

CHAPTER II. ON PLANTING.

STRAWBERRY plants may be set out in any month from April to December, but practically are usually planted either in April or May, or in the fall, i.e., in the month of September. ‘There can be no question that the spring is the best time for planting, and I believe that the earlier the vines are set the better. The reasons are obvious. In the spring there is less danger of losing the plants by drought and hot weather before they get established ; they have the benefit of the genial vernal rains; and the earlier the vines are set out, the longer time they have, of course, to perfect and ripen the fruit buds on which the next year’s crop depends. Again, a plant set out in August or Sep- tember does little more by the end of the season than estab- lish itself, and make sure of living over winter, while a plant set in April not only assures its own safety and growth, but puts out a host of runners which take root and become independent plants before fall. A notion is prevalent that we can plant in the fall and get a crop the ensuing summer ; but while this is to a certain extent true, and while a moderate crop may be had from strong plants carefully set in September, the yield obtained cannot be compared with that from similar plants set five months earlier. Planting in the fall is attended with risks from drought and failure to get established, from which spring planting is almost entirely exempt. I have had the best success in very early planting, that is to say, as early in the season as the frost is well out of the ground, and it is

« The Strawberry Book. 17

not likely that the surface of the soil will freeze hard again. Plants set at this time not only get settled, but begin to

. grow by the first of May, soon put out runners, and by the first of Septemiber present the well-ripened stocky appear- ance that gives promise of an abundant yield.

These remarks should not discourage any one from planting in the fall if he mzs¢ plant at that time or not at all, or if he has new varieties to set, from which he wishes an immediate return. Plants that have been carefully layered in.pots may be transplanted at almost any time in the fall, and will give a moderate crop the next year.

I planted on the 21st of September, 1868, a hundred vines of. the President Wilder, layered in pots, and got a very decent crop the following season.

T have planted in August ordinary vines of the Agricul- turist and Brooklyn Scarlet, and had moderate success, but almost entirely failed with the Triomphe de Gand set a little later. The vines of the latter kind lived and grew well, but showed no fruit.

The time being fixed upon, the soil prepared, and the vines made ready, shortening their roots one third with a clean cut, planting is a comparatively ‘simple affair. A strong line should be stretched across the field, the plants (which should be kept in a basket, well protected by wet moss) dropped at regular intervals, and set out by two or three hands distributed along the line. They should all work in the same direction, and a gery little practice will show who sets fastest, and, consequently, at-what intervals they must be placed. While they‘are planting, another hand (generally the boy who has dropped the plants for the first row) stretches a second line at the proper distance, and drops plants alorig it, so that the planters need not be delayed a moment. If the soil is as it should be, viz., well worked, fine, and free from stones, the planters will not need any trowel, but will make a little excavation with the fingers, and set the plant with the left hand, giving

2

18 The Strawberry Book. i

the roots equal distribution, while the right is strowing the earth around them. The finish is given by pressing the soil firmly round the young plant, the thumbs and fore- fingers of both hands steadying it at the same time. A vast number of plants perish every year because, in setting, the earth is not drawn up around them and" then forcibly pressed down around the crown of the vine. A certain knack — gained only by practice — is required to do this work well; but an experienced planter will set vines in favorable gail at a marvellous rate, and yet make them all live. If it be necessary to use a trowel, the progress is of course slower.

When the planting is done very late, say during the first week in June, and the weather is hot, certain precautions must be used to insure success. The planting should be post- poned till about four P. M., and then every minute of the time improved until dark. The plants should be brought to the field in a bucket of water, and not exposed to the sun and wind a moment more than is necessary. The holes should be made beforehand along the line, and a man should go ahead of the planters with a water-pot and fill each hole with water. Plants set thus have all night to recover in, an abundant supply of moisture about their roots, and will live and do well, when without these pre- cautions they would certainly perish.

The strawberry grower will of course select a cloudy or rainy day for planting when he can. The vines once set, a day or two settles the question of their living or dying.

Lhe Strawberry Book. 19

CHAPTER IIt. METHODS OF CULTIVATION.

STRAWBERRIES are grown in various ways as regards the number of plants originally set per acre, the manner in which these are allowed to grow, and the length of time the beds remain in bearing. They may be grown in beds, in rows, in single hills, or in matted rows, and the vines may be allowed to fruit three or four seasons, or may be ploughed under as soon as one crop has been picked. -

Mr. C. M. Hovey, in a practical article; remarks, “ In either way,-with good judgment and proper treatment, good crops may be produced ; and under ordinary garden cultivation it is hardly possible, with a good soil and lib- eral manuring, to prevent a successful result, whatever may be the mode adopted. But in market culture on an extended scale, where the greatest profit is, and ought to be, the object, it is all important to follow that system that will give the greatest paying crop, for*it may be that two thousand quarts to the acre under one mode of culture will pay better than the same crop, or even three thousand quarts, by another; the cost of labor and the quality of the fruit consuming the difference. It is, therefore, the great object with market gardeners to find out that system which gives the best paying results, and to follow it up.”

The very largest fruit in most cases brings the highest . price, and a market gardener is better off with five hun- dred quarts of immense, choice berries, than with three times that number of small ones. He will therefore study

20 The Strawberry Book.

how to produce the largest fruit, regardless of other con- siderations.

In another market he may find it better to spend less labor on his beds, and let them produce as large an amount as they will of medium-sized fruit.

Generally speaking, the large foreign kinds require to be cultivated in hills, and to have their runners often clipped, in order to produce the best results. On the other hand, many varieties, and especially American kinds, grow and bear best in beds, the runners being allowed to spread and root at will. The Jucunda and the Hovey may stand as examples of these two classes. The Jucunda in hills gives a large crop of enormous showy berries, -but a very much smaller crop when allowed to spread, while it is impossible to get any results of value from the Hovey unless it is grown in a wide bed. The contrast is seen further in the fact that the British Queen, Jucunda, Tri- omphe de Gand, &c., may be kept in hills for three or four years and good crop obtained, while the best results are obtained with the Hovey and its congeners by what is called the

ANNUAL SYSTEM.

This plan, considered by many the neatest of all, re- quires a very rich soil, the best plants carefully set out to start with, and geod cultivation, for complete success. ‘Where all the conditions are favorable, the results obtained by the annual method are amazing.

The soil being well prepared, — deep, rich, and abun- dantly manured, — the plants — of the best quality, and carefully handled — are set out in the spring in rows four feet apart, and one foot apart in the row.

The soil between the rows is kept clean by the frequent use of the cultivator until the runners begin to spread con- siderably, when nothing more remains to be done until fall, except to pull out by hand any conspicuous weeds.

The Strawberry Book. 21

If everything goes well, by the first of October, and some-

times much earlier, the ground should be completely cov--

ered with a green carpet of vines. A walk a foot wide is then sometimes cleared out in the middle of the rows, leaving beds three feet wide and solid with plants. But where there is a demand for strawberry vines early:in the season, this operation is deferred until spring. -

On the approach of winter the beds are covered with some protecting substance, generally three or four inches of old hay. This hay, except enough to fill the foot-wide alleys for the pickers to walk in, is raked off in the spring, and stacked, to be used again the ensuing autumn for the same purpose.

The berries being picked for market as fast as they ripen, the whole crop is off in this latitude by the roth of July, and the entire plantation is then cmmedéately ploughed under, — vines, weeds, and all, — another. bed

having been made in the spring to take the place of, the’.

one that is destroyed.

The advantages of this method are obvious.

First. The first full crop from a strawberry bed is the largest and best; and here, the vines, being in perfect health and vigor, and the soil very rich, the plants are made to do their very utmost, no regard being had to in- juring. them, for they are to be ploughed up as soon as the

” fruit is gone.

Second. In this method a few weeds, more or less, are not the very serious annoyance that they prove in a bed that is to be kept up year after year, for before they can go to seed they are turned into the soil.

Of course the best’ grower will have the fewest weeds, other things being equal ; but I have sometimes seen quite a little crop of grass and weeds in the beds of one of the best growers I know — grass and. weeds. derived from the seed in the hay used for covering. But they never were numerous enough to do any harm, and were all destroyed

f

22° The Strawberry Book.

in July. The same number of weeds would have ruined the bed if it had been kept another year.

Third. The land that bears strawberries one year be- ing planted with some other crop, generally potatoes the next, is in most excellent condition for a new plantation of strawberries in the third season, it having been found much better not to take two crops of strawberries in suc- cession from the same field. :

This is an old English method, but has been revived, and carried to the highest perfection, in this country.

The growers in Belmont, near’ Boston, have employed this method, and obtained astonishing results with Hov- ey’s Seedling, using Brighton Pine, or sometimes Boston Pine, as a fertilizer. From four thousand to five thousand quarts per acre is a fair average crop, some exceptional instances showing much higher figures. The productive- ness of a variety, I may here remark, must never be esti- mated on the basis of the yield obtained from a small garden bed in exceptionally favored circumstances ; for if this method were fair, stories approaching the marvellous might be told of some strawberries. If I do not mistake, Mr. C. M. Hovey says that a bed of his Seedling, twelve feet by two and a half; has borne twelve quarts in one season. This would be more than seventeen thousand quarts to the acre — a result never yet attained on a large scale.

I have no exact data at command for fixing the average yield of English varieties at home, but I find that a prod- uct on a small scale, at the rate of thirty-eight hundred quarts to the acre, is thought worthy of being chronicled, the varieties being the British Queen and Keens’ Seedling.

Hint Cuitrure.

As I have remarked, the foreign varieties, such as the Jucunda and the Triomphe de Gand, make high, promi- nent crowns, and give much better returns when raised in

‘

The Strawberry Baok. : 23

hills. This is perhaps true also of some American vari- .eties, such as the Agriculturist, Russell’s Prolific, and Wilson’s Albany, which do well in hills. The distance between the hills in the rows, and the distance from one row to another, differ according to the notions of different growers.

Two and a half feet between the rows, and one foot from plant to plant, are the distances given by one of the best strawberry growers in the country. Others set their plants eighteen inches apart, with three feet between the rows, while such monstrous stools as Triomphe de Gand and some other varieties sometimes make, will not be too far apart if they have two and a half feet each way.

One very successful strawberry grower in this state adopts a method of setting out his plants for hill culture that seems very neat and satisfactory in its results.

Instead of setting out as many vines as he means to have hills, he sets in the spring one third as many, and then allows each plant to make but two runners. These are carefully layered one on each side of the old plant, and in a line with it, and the soil being good and the other runners suppressed, these two make vines by Sep- tember hardly smaller or less vigorous than the plant from which they spring.

Hill cultivation does not necessitate so rich a soil as the annual system ; but in all cases a good soil is needed, and weeds and runners are to be treated alike, that is, de- stroyed as soon as they appear. If the variety is valuable, and new plants are much needed, one or two runners may be allowed to root, but this interferes very much with clean cultivation.. A good, thorough covering is needful to carry the vinés well threugh the winter (as we shall see farther on), and an abundance of hay or some similar mulch must be ‘kept round the plants in the summer to ‘keep the fruit from contact with the soil,

As the stools get older they tend to rise up more and

"24 The Strawberry Book: more out of the ground, and the. earth has to be hoed up to them. An annual manuring is of course needful.

Strawberries may be kept in hills and made to do well several years in succession; but four years, or at the most five, is probably as long a time as it pays to leave the beds. undisturbed. I have, indeed, heard of hills being kept for twelve years; but this must have been an excep- tional case. aa

It is' the custom with many gardeners to mow down the vines‘as soon as the fruit is picked, rake off, and clean the bed, and then to dig in among the hills a good dressing’ of manure. The foliage being cut off, and the roots broken and greatly disturbed, the plant is stimulated by the manure to. go to work and repair the damage done, which it effectually does by autumn, getting a new crown of leaves and filling the soil with roots. In this way. it may be said to practically become a new plant, and the beds are thus kept along from year to year.

GULTIVATION IN Rows. .

This is in effect a compromise between hill culture and cultivation in broad beds. Rows of plants may be set in the spring, three feet apart, with the plants nine inches asunder in the rows; and when the runners appear, the first five or six are carefully laid in lengthwise of the row, and the rest cut off as fast as they appear. In good soil a thick, continuous, bushy row is the result, and some varieties do, very well when grown in this manner, partic- ularly Lennig’s White, which most admirable berry is very unproductive in a matted bed. The soil on each side of the row must be well mulched with straw or hay, to keep the fruit off the dirt.

A method of cultivation somewhat in vogue at the West is, to plant the strawberry vines in hills, at a suita-

‘ble distance apart, and to put on in the fall a mulch of three or four inches of hay. This hay is not removed in

The Strawberry Book. 25

the spring, but the laborers go along the rows of hills early in the season and poke away enough of the mulch to expose the crown of the plant, which soon begins to grow. This operation has to be repeated several times to make sure that the plants are not smothered, and that no weeds are coming up around the vines. The hay, which remains on till the fruit is picked, keeps the weeds down and the ground moist. It is taken off with a horse-rake, and returned in the fall, after the ground has been well cultivated and kept clean through the summer months.

As to the absolute value of the different methods of cultivation no fixed rule can be given. Certain varieties, like the Hovey, cannot be grown in hills. Some, or per- haps most, foreign kinds, with high crowns, do not do well in matted beds. Some kinds, like the Wilson, make the best of circumstances, and get along pretty well under any system. Those who grow strawberries on the annual plan insist that the first crop from a bed— which with them is the only one —is better than the second, and much better than the third; but a, most successful grower of my acquaintance, who mows off the leaves, weeds, and ma- nures as soon as the fruit is picked, took off a third crop of Wilson’s last year which he thought was rather better than the first, and he thinks his plants will make a good return the present season.

Strawberry growers who wish to make a pretty display of a few hills sometimes make use of what is called the strawberry crinoline, — a neat little wire frame, which is opened and sprung together around the plant, and holds up leaves, fruit, and ail, so that they cannot touch the soil or get defaced.

Tiles are made of flower-pot material for the same pur- pose. Two of them make a square, with a hole in the centre large enough for the collar of the plant. Being pushed up one on each side till they meet, they serve as a mulch, and prevent the fruit from getting dirty.

26 The Strawberry Book.

Mr. Augustus Parker, of Roxbury, Mass., a very suc- cessful cultivator of strawberries for market, gives his method in Tilton’s Journal of Horticulture, vol. vi., p. 281, as follows : —

“I set my plants about the first of May, about a foot apart, in a single row, and the rows four and a half feet apart, on good, well-manured ground. I keep the culti- vator going between the rows till about the Sth of July, when the runners begin to run, and then go over the ground with a rake and make it level; after this I go over the beds and place the runners so that the plants will be as near four inches apart as possible. With me the runners cover all the ground between the rows. Keep- ing the ground light till you set the runners gives the young plant a chance to make good roots, which stand the dry weather the next summer when they are in bear- ing. If you let the ground get hard for the new plants, the roots will be short, and the plants will not be able to carry their fruit to the size and quantity they otherwise would. I cover my beds, when they are frozen in the fall so that I can drive my team over them without leav- ing a mark, with fine, light horse manure ; cover as ight- ly as posstble, and yet have them covered. In the spring T let the plants come up through the manure, which serves as a mulching to keep the berries clean. As soon as the plants are started enough in the spring to see the old plants that were set the spring before, I put a line on the beds, and take out the old row, and make the path about fourteen inches wide; so as to keep the pickers in their proper places. I do not set every year, as some growers do; but, as soon as I get through picking, I dig or plough up the sides of my beds to a strip eight or ten inches wide; from this strip new runners will start, which I set over the ground as at the first season. I cart off all the plants I plough up, and make the ground as light as pos- sible ; then, the next spring (of course, manuring in the

The Strawberry Book. 24

fall, as above), I take out the old strip with some of the new for my path; and thus I keep my plants one year old, which is the best for bearing. I ever allow weeds to grow at any season of the year.”

Mr. Parker’s success is a guarantee that in his hands, at least, this system is a very profitable one.

If more specific directions are needed for laying out a garden bed of strawberries, to be used for the supply of one’s own table, the following proportions will be found convenient : —

Select a piece of good strong soil, — say sixty feet long and twelve wide, — spread on it early in the spring, and spade in, two or three inches of well-rotted stable manure. Rake off, and level the surface, removing all sticks, stones, and coarse lumps of manure; stretch a line one and a half feet from

‘the edge of the bed, and set a row of plants one foot apart the whole length of the piece. Move the'line along three feet and set a similar row. Then set a third and fourth row in the same way, the fourth row, of course, being a foot and a half from the other edge of the bed. This being done early in April — in this latitude — the spring rains will soon give the young plants a good:start. Until the runners begin to grow, keep the bed hoed clean, and through June and July sprinkle a few handfuls of guano or unleached wood ashes over the bed on the ap- proach of showers or during settled rain. By the first of September the bed will be one thick carpet of healthy, luxuriant, well-rooted vines, which must have a good cov- ering of leaves and pine boughs in November.

The next spring rake off the leaves, and put on a light dressing of well-rotted manure or a sprinkling.of guano, and pull out any large weeds that may show themselves. A narrow path, six inches wide, might be cut out through the middle of the bed for convenience in picking, but in a small garden this may be neglected, the pickers taking a little extra care not to step on and crush the crowns of the

28 The Strawberry Book.

plants. A bed of the size described will require two. hundred and fifty plants for its four rows, and if produc- tive varieties are planted, should‘yield a hundred quarts of berries. When the crop has been picked, the leaves may be mown, the bed manured and weeded, and thus made to last another year.

The Strawberry Book. 29

CHAPTER IV. WINTER PROTECTION.

No argument is needed to show the necessity of winter protection for strawberry beds in a climate where the soil is not covered with snow throughout the winter. If, in a cold climate, we could be sure of snow the first of Decem- ber, and sure that an unbroken coating of it would remain on the ground till the middle of March, it is probable we should never need to cover our strawberry vines. It is likely that there are but very few kinds that can be injured by the mere cold of the winter; hut what kills the hardi- est varieties is the constant freezing and thawing to which they are too often subjected in this climate if left uncovered. The foreign varieties, especially, since they make high, prominent crowns, are apt to suffer very much if unpro- tected, and thus get the reputation of being tender.

Almost any cheap non-conducting substance suitable for mulching will answer to cover strawberry vines. Old hay, strawy manure, salt marsh or meadow hay, straw, leaves, spent tan, chopped. straw, pine needles, pine boughs, corn- stalks, &c., are among the numerous articles used, as con- venience dictates, for covering strawberry beds. Market gardeners often use coarse hay, which they spread on the vines in the fall, rake off so much as is not needed in the spring, and stack up ready for the next autumn’s work. Hay is very convenient, the only objection to it being the fact that it brings in grass and weed seed. This, however, does not matter much if the strawberries are grown on the annual system. Perhaps leaves make the best covering

30 The Strawberry Book.

when they are easily obtained; and of these, oak leaves are the worst, blowing off sometimes faster than they can be raked back, and pine needles the best. A uniform, even covering of two or three inches of pine leaves, somewhat matted by long lying in the woods, with a few pine boughs on top, if the bed is much exposed to the wind, is about as good a winter protection to the plants as can be desired.

The beds should be covered before the ground has frozen very hard, and, of course, in time to anticipate the first heavy fall of snow. One gardener I know, having plenty of labor at command, covers his beds early in the winter with about eighteen inches of oak leaves, with boughs on top, so that I do not believe the soil of his beds freezes from one year’s end to another.

Where leaves are used, enough will generally settle in among the plants to make a very excellent mulch for the summer months.

A covering of light,’ strawy manure will answer very well for a winter protection; but a covering of solid, wet, barn-yard manure, if applied late in the fall, will almost certainly kill every vine.

A few garden rows of valuable plants may be very neatly protected by covering each row with leaves, and then with two old boards leaning against each other, so as to make a covering like an inverted V, thus keeping down the leaves, and turning off the rain. But I must add that I have in this manner so thoroughly protected strawberry plants in pots, standing on the surface of the ground, that they got as dry as ashes in the winter, and were stone dead in the spring.

The Strawberry Book. 31

CHAPTER V. ON. PROPAGATION.

Very few cultivated plants of any value can rival the strawberry in the ease with which they may be propagated. A strawberry vine, as soon as it gets well established, be- gins to throw out runners, each one of which may take root and send out others to multiply in their turn. This occurs in open culture, where I have known a single plant of the Agriculturist variety to make two hundred and thirty- two in the course of the season.

In rich soil, rows of vines set in April, three feet apart, with the plants nine inches asunder, will cover all the inter- mediate space with a close carpet of vines before fall. With new and rare varieties the artificial aid of a hot-bed or frame may be called into use, and then the multiplication of vines goes on very rapidly. I know a gardener who obtained in a certain spring, when- Hovey’s Seedling was new, six plants of that variety, and got from them, by autumn, a, bed of fifteen hundred. The various kinds differ much in regard to the number of runners they send out. In the same soil La Constante would put out comparatively few runners, the Jucunda a moderate number, while some of our native kinds would produce myriads. A sprinkling of ashes now and then stimulates plants to produce run- ners in large numbers.

Generally the runners will root themselves, and fasten upon the soil; but with new and-choice kinds it pays very well to assist nature a little by pressing the end of the run-

32 The Strawberry Book.

-ner gently into the ground, and laying a small stone or a little earth upon it.

Again, in garden culture, where neat, compact rows are desired, it is well to lay in the straggling runners, and press their roots into the soil among the parent plants, thus leav-

ing the space between the rows clear for the use of the hoe.

Where the cultivator has a bed of a choice variety, and wishes to obtain from it every possible plant, he may go over his bed late in the season, take out every small, weak plant, and every tip of a runner just rooting, and set them an inch or two apart in a spent hot-bed. -If there is a little heat left in the bed, and the vines are watered and shaded a very little, they will all grow, and make fine strong plants in a few weeks.

But the most practicable way of obtaining fine healthy plants, that will suffer but little from being transplanted, is to layer the runners in small flower-pots i in the-open field. The pots, in any convenient number, should be plunged to their rims along the rows in July or August, and filled with soil. Runners just beginning to root are pressed into the soil in the pots without detaching them from their par- ent plant, and in a week or two the whole pot will be filled with roots. The runners may then be cut off, and the new plant transplanted wherever it is needed. Ihave said this may be done in July and August, but of course it may be done at any time, a week or two before the plants are needed. The size of the plant depends upon that of the pot. Three and four inch pots are generally employed by the propagators of strawberry vines, who have begun of late years to offer for sale plants thus layered. In sending such plants to their customers, they turn them out of the pots to pack them, the numerous fibrous roots holding the earth together in a compact ball.

The value of such plants, especially for early fruiting, is very great. They do not suffer at all from transplanting ; and vines carefully layered thus in the fall, and removed

Lhe Strawberry Book. 33

_in the spring, will give quite a decent show of fruit the first season. To the impatient amateur, a plant layered in a pot is worth ten vines transplanted in the ordinary way. One Western grower appreciates so highly the value of pot plants that he raises them in large quantities for his own use for planting by the acre. He finds that the extra labor, which is not so very great when the work is reduced to a system, is more than compensated by the excellence

‘of the plants, and by the fact that he can get a large and certain crop in June from pot plants set in August or Sep- tember.

The Bush Alpine strawberries produce very few run- ners, or none at all, and are propagated by dividing the roots. The Alpine strawberries come true from seed, and seédlings are usually grown to make new beds, instead of transplanting from old ones. Of propagation by seed to obtain new varieties I shall speak in a separate chapter.

3 a

34 The Strawberry Book.

CHAPTER VI. ON INSECT ENEMIES.

THE insect enemies of the strawberry are few in num- ber, but some of them are very malevolent and destruc- tive. Chief among them I place the larva of the May. beetle, or dor-bug, Phyllophaga Quercina, whose rav- ages are sometimes most disheartening. This, sometimes known as the white grub, and sometimes incorrectly called by farmers the potato worm, but not to be con- founded with the true potato worm, which is the larva of a sphinx, is about an inch and a half long, three eighths of an inch in diameter, with a brownish-red head. It is occasionally found in ordinary garden soil, and its pres- ence is made known by the leaves of a strawberry vine wilting down, when on pulling it gently the whole plant comes up, the root being eaten completely off. But it abounds in old grass land and pastures.

+ Vines planted on such land recently ploughed will in one case out of a hundred thrive and do well, but the chances are, that every one will be killed by the white grub. I manured thoroughly and ploughed up last spring a little more than an acre of pasture land, and set out upon it about twenty thousand choice strawberry plants, a large percentage of them being of the President Wilder variety. The vines took root and began to grow, and some of them had begun to send out runners, when the grub attacked them, and made clean work of the whole field, devouring almost every plant. The field was kept clean by constant hoeing, and I attempted to dig out the grubs, as some of

The Strawberry Book. 35

the vines were new and valuable; but I was obliged to abandon this plan as equally ineffectual and expensive.

It is always safer to raise one or two hoed crops on land intended for strawberries, as the May beetle seldom lays eygs in ploughed soil, choosing grass land where the larve will be protected from birds. These offensive grubs. live chiefly upon grass roots, and in some places devour them so completely that if two parallel lines be cut in -the turf, the sod between them may be rolled up like a carpet.

Where only a few grubs show signs of their presence in well-established beds of strawberries, they must be at once dug out and killed. They can be found early in the morning close under the plant they have ruined ; but as it grows warmer they burrow down in the soil to a depth of eight or ten inches, so that an unsuccessful search is frequently made for them by those who do not know their. habits. Skunks are very fond of white grubs, and dig them out and eat them with avidity.

There is another white grub, resembling this one, but of a lighter color, and somewhat bluish shade, found usu- ally under old manure heaps. It is the larva of a dung beetle, —the Scarabaeus relictus of Say, — but whether it is destructive or not I have no means of knowing. I have found them in great numbers in old hot-beds-in the middle of a vegetable garden, but never saw any injury done to plants that could be traced to their presence.

The rose-bug (A/elolontha subspinosa) is not too dainty to despise strawberry leaves, when roses and grape- blossoms are not at hand. They invaded a strawberry plantation of mine last year in vast numbers, and destroyed half the foliage of the plants, leaving only the skeleton of the leaves. I killed an immense number by hand-picking, finding sometimes as many as ¢hirty-ezght on a single leaf; but I did not prevent their doing great injury. I count them second only to the white grub jn power of mischief, ,

36 The Strawberry Book.

In the case above cited the rose-bugs seemed to come from a piece of woods on the west of the strawberry field, and they are noticeably more active in a bright, hot day than in a dull one. I have noticed, late in the after- noon, the air alive with rose-bugs the moment the sun has shone out after a cloudy day, while before that hardly one was to be seen.

I presume there is no means of destroying these pests except by hand-picking, and burning or scalding. The novice who has secured a rose-bug should adopt no half- way measures, but should have evidence of the bug’s actual death. I heard last season of a vigneron in a neigh- boring town who picked from his vines in blossom time about two quarts of rose-bugs, which he carefully durded, stamping the earth firm over them. The next motning he found, to his horror, that each bug had bored his way to the upper air, and sailed off to fresh woods and pas- tures new.

Cut-worms, the larve of various Agrotides, sometimes attack the strawberry. I have, however, lost but few from their ravages. Their presence is indicated by the wilting of the leaves; and the only thing to do is to dig the worms out and smash them. If one is not found near the plant he has cut off, search must be made about the roots of the next.

The wire-worm (Judus) is said to be sometimes de- structive to the strawberry, but I have never seen any vines injured by it. Deep and clean cultivation would perhaps be the best remedy.

Common ants sometimes swarm upon the berries, but may be disposed of by pouring hot water into their hills.

T have seen a small green worm upon strawberry vines ; the same, I presume, as that described by Fuller in his Manual; but I never found more than half a dozen, and they did but little harm. If they should appear in large numbers I should try sprinkling with lime or ashes. A

The Strawberry Book. 37

e

scattering of guano on the damp leaves might perhaps annoy them.

Ashes is also a useful means of assailing the aphis, or plant louse, which sometimes congregates upon the roots of strawberry vines in light soils.

“Some tender kinds of strawberries are subject, in our climate, to sun-scald, and have consequently unhealthy * foliage ; but, generally speaking, the strawberry is singu- larly free from disease. A sudden cold rain will some- times cause the blossoms to blight, and the over-ripe fruit will mould on the vines in damp weather; but a straw- berry bed is never at the mercy of any scourge like those that so often threaten, and which not seldom ruin, a wheat- field, a vineyard, or a potato plantation.

38 The Strawberry Book.

CHAPTER VII. ON FORCING STRAWBERRIES.

With the proper appliances forced strawberries can be raised with less trouble than any other forced fruit. If proper care and precaution are used, if the plants are of a suitable variety, well grown, and well ripened, and if the gardener, in forcing, makes haste slowly, failure is not far from impossible. The strawberry is one of the earliest. out-door fruits, and therefore it requires less time for per- fection under glass than any other; and it often happens that a good crop of strawberries can be grown on an un- occupied shelf or some other place in a green-house that would otherwise be useless.

A grape vine under glass must be three years old to bear a good crop; a peach tree requires considerable care before coming into bearing; and if trees or vines under glass are killed, the loss is quite serious ; while, on the other hand, strawberry vines can be grown and got ready for for- cing in three months ; and even if they are not set out in the open ground after bearing their spring crop, the loss of the plants is nothing compared with the loss of a row of three- year-old vines. Again, forced strawberries — if the plants are started at the usual season — come into the market in advance of other hot-house fruit, and generally command a good price, and sometimes are sold at rates that seem really extravagant.

‘With houses adapted especially for strawberry culture

-it is extremely probable that forced strawberries can be raised and sold to the public at lower prices and in much

_ Lhe Strawberry Book. 39

larger quantities than ever before, and yet afford the grower a better profit than he obtains from any other forced fruit. Indeed, one of the largest growers of forced strawberries in this part of the country tells us that they yield an income of a dollar per pot, and sometimes twice that amount. In’ addition to this fact, an equally important one should be kept in mind, viz., that the crop is all off in March, and the house is left vacant for other uses — a matter of no little moment to the market gardener.

As, in cooking a hare, the hare must first be caught, so, in forcing strawberries, the vines must first be obtained, and grown the season previous to the very maximum of size, strength, and ripeness. The crowns must be full, plump, well ripened, and mature. Such varieties, too, must be selected as have been tested and found to force well; and these, generally speaking, are those that make a full, high crown, like the Triomphe de Gand, which is here held in high esteem for a forcing variety. Trollope’s Victoria has been commended for forcing, and I have seen very splen- did crops of La Constante ripe in March. The foreign catalogues give long lists of varieties that force well, very few of which, we presume, have ever been tested for that purpose in this country. Among the kinds thus ‘marked are the Eclipse, Gweniver, President, Princess of Wales, Eliza, Lucas (these last two, from my success with them out doors, I should think would do well in pots), Sir Harry, Louis Vilmorin, Oscar, and many others; but while the Triomphe de Gand gives so sure and certain a crop of high-priced berries, our growers will be slow to abandon it. I may add, that the Hooker and the Boston Pine have been tried, and found to do well in the forcing-house. I have forced a very few plants of the President Wilder (Wilder) in a hot-bed, and they did very well, although I let all the runners grow, and the plants had not been especially prepared for forcing.

The variety having been fixed upon, the next step is to

40° The Strawberry Book.

layer the plants in small pots. This should be done early in July. The first runners from good plants should be taken and layered in thumb-pots, filled with any good soil. Before the first of August the thumb-pots will be filled with roots, and the young plants will be ready for a shift into three or four-inch pots.

The compost now employed should consist of thoroughly decomposed sods and top-soil from a pasture, with one third well-rotted manure. If this mixture has lain in heaps:sev- eral months, all the better.

The plants having been shifted, the soil should be firmly pressed around the roots, and the pots should be liberally watered and set in a cold-frame, which will hasten their growth a little, and at the same time protect them from too severe rains. When this set of pots is well filled with roots, the vines should be shifted into a larger size.

Here growers differ. Some transfer the plants into the six-inch pots, in which they are to fruit, and others put them into five-inch pots, and give them a final shift into eight-inch pots. The two most successful growers I know use, the one six, and the other eight-inch pots for fruiting. It must, however, resolve itself into a question of room in the green-house ; and it seems reasonable to think that a plant whose well-grown roots fill an eight-inch pot will give more fruit than one whose pot is two inches less in diameter.

If the plants are in a frame, it should be left open, ex- cept in a storm after the first of October, the vines watered sparingly, and allowed to ripen off very thoroughly. By the middle of November the cold weather will check all growth, and the vines, if all has gone well, will be healthy, stout, and plump. The frames may now be filled with leaves, and covered with boards, until the vines are needed for forcing. The best growers are strongly inclined to think that a month’s rest and inaction after the plants are ripe, and have stopped growing, lead to much better re-

The Strawberry Book. *4I1

sults than to force them at once. This rest may be taken through the month of December, and the plants brought into the green-house the first of the new year.

The pots can be put in any part of the house until the vines start, and they should be watered at first very spar- ingly. It is of much importance that the start the plants make should be very gradual.

As soon as the plants begin to grow, the pots should be brought close to the glass. This is important, as they need all the light they can get; and if away from the glass they will grow up towards it weak and spindling. Water the pots carefully with guano water, made by dissolving - four or five pounds of guano in a barrel of water. Keep the runners cut off, and if the red spider appears, syringe the vines early and late, when they are not in blossom.

If the aphis appears, he will have to be destroyed by fumigation with tobacco. When the vines are in blossom, give them a little more air than at other times. A tem- perature of seventy-five degrees by day, and ten or fifteen degrees less by night, will be found about right. The crop will be ripe in from ten to fourteen weeks after the vines are brought into the green-house.

For forcing, a one-sided house with a very steep roof ‘will be found best, the whole roof, or rather the whole house, being occupied by a steep stage, close to the glass, each step of the stage holding one row of plants. The plants are examined and handled from a walk behind them.

A very good autumnal crop may be obtained from the plants that have been forced, by turning them out into a bed in the open ground in April. The Triomphe de Gand, in particular, will do well in this way, and will make enor- mous stools if the runners be clipped during the summer.

42. The Strawberry Book.

CHAPTER VIII. ON THE PRODUCTION OF NEW VARIETIES.

Tue fascination that attends the raising of seedling fruits is well marked in the case of the strawberry. ‘Fhe abundance of seeds,.the ease with which they germinate, the early age at which the new plants bear fruit, and the tolerable certainty of getting a very good variety from a hundred or two seedlings, all conspire to lead on the am- ateur, and induce him annually to increase the size of his seed-beds.

At the same time it must be borne in mind that, while it is easy to raise a very good seedling strawberry, it is very difficult to raise one possessing qualities that set it above the best old kinds, or even on a level with them.

In a thousand seedlings, raised from the seed of an ap- proved variety, it would hardly be possible not to find two or three worth preserving; but to get a strawberry supe- rior to all before it is a triumph that does not come for the asking.

Extended experiments, repeated, trials, and repeated failures must pave the way to success.

The seeker for new kinds may go to work in two ways, viz., by hybridizing and by direct planting.

The process of hybridizing the strawberry is simple, and not very difficult. It consists essentially in impreg- nating the- blossom of one variety with pollen from those of another, so that seedlings resulting trom the seed thus crossed shall partake of the nature of both parents. In practice it is convenient that the plant to be fertilized

.

Lhe Strawberry Book. 43

should be a pistillate variety, for in this case we can make

- absolutely certain that it is not self-fertilized, and shall

not be plagued by lingering doubts as to whether we suc- ceeded in removing every anther before its pollen ripened or had a chance to do its work.

The pistillate plants selected for experiment should be isolated from all other kinds, and from each other; and this is best effected by covering them with a glass box or frame. The staminate or male plant having been fixed upon, its blossoms should be watched, and when they are fully expanded, and the anthers shed abundant pollen on being snapped or jarred, the whole flower may be cut off, and its anthers shaken over the stigma of the pistillate flower, or the anthers may be very gently rubbed upon

.the stigma itself. It sometimes happens that we desire to

experiment with a new variety, whose flowers are too val- uable to be totally sacrificed. In that case a few of the anthers may be cut off with a fine-pointed pair of scissors, and conveyed to the pistillate plant on a dry slip ef smooth paper. If both varieties on which we work have perfect flowers, the task is more difficult. Every anther must be removed with the utmost caution and delicacy from the blossom of the plant we desire to fertilize before the pollen has ripened or has had a chance to reach the pistil.

It is best to watch the flowers with patient care, and, as. they show signs of expanding, to unfold the petals prema- turely, and immediately remove the anthers. In no case must the hybridist speak with any confidence of the parentage of his seedlings, unless he has insured the ab- sence of all foreign pollen by isolating his plants, or, better still, by protecting them by glass. The operation of hy- bridizing is best carried on in the middle of a warm, sunny day, when every part of the flower is dry. ,

If unhybridized seed is to be planted, the vines that produce it should be the strongest and most vigorous of their kind, and should be limited to one berry each — gen-

44 The Strawberry Book.

erally the central one produced by the first blossom, all others having been cut off.

‘a The berries that are to furnish seed, whether crossed or not, should be allowed to get fully ripe before they are gathered. As soon as picked they should be crushed, and mixed thoroughly with fifty or a hundred times their vol- ume of clean, dry sand, to absorb the juice and divide the seeds evenly among the mass. A bed of deep, very rich, and dry soil having been prepared, the sand and seeds mixed should be sprinkled over the surface, very lightly raked in, the soil thoroughly watered, and a frame and sashes put on over the whole. If the planting be made in the middle of July, young plants may be expected to appear during the first week in August, if the sashes have been kept closed and the soil well wetted every day. As soon as the yeung plants appear in numbers they should be shaded. This is best done by whitening the glass. The frames may then be kept closed a good part of the time, and the seedlings will grow so vigorously that they will bear transplanting in a few weeks to the bed where they are to remain and fruit. This method is well adapt- ed for bringing seedling vines into bearing in the shortest possible time, as they get a very strong growth the first year.

Another way, involving even less trouble, is this: Sow the mixed sand and seed on a bed of rich soil in July, and rake it in lightly, putting on no sash atall. <A few seeds will germinate in August and September, but by far the greater number will come up the next spring, and should be thinned and transplanted as soon as large enough. In either case the young plants must be pro- tected, at the approach of winter, by a thick covering of leaves and pine boughs. This is absolutely necessary to prevent heaving by frost and thaw.

The seedlings should be transplanted into beds of rich earth, encouraged to make stout, stocky plants, and to this

The Strawberry Book. 45

end they should not be allowed to make more than one or at most two runners.

The seedlings may be set in the bed where they are to fruit, in rows two feet apart, with the plants eighteen inches asunder in the rows. If space is limited, the rows may be narrowed six inches, and the plants brought six inches nearer each other in the rows. If one or two run- ners are allowed to grow, they should be made to take root close to the parent plant. / All vines whose leaves burn, or suffer from sun-scald, may profitably be pulled up and thrown away before they fruit. Many seedlings that are perfectly healthy are pulled up and destroyed by the experienced grower before they fruit. A beginner cannot be trusted to do this; but after raising a few gen- erations of seedlings he will be able to select quite a large percentage, of which he can prophesy that they will come to no good, and which may as well be put out of the way at once. _

As the fruit on the seedling begins to ripen, it should be closely watched from day to day, and its progress noted. When fully ripe it should be tested, and marked, not ab- solutely as good or bad, but comparatively, by reference to some standard kind. If a seedling seems worthy of preservation it should be encouraged to make runners, twenty or thirty of which may easily be obtained; and these, carefully transplanted as soon as possible, will give a little bed of the new variety for. more liberal testing the next year.

No seedling should be preserved — a few rare cases ex- cepted — which is not healthy, vigorous, and productive, These are prime requisites. Besides these, its fruit should be large, of tolerably uniform size and symmetrical shape, with few small berries, bright colored and firm, not too acid, and with as high a flavor as possible. Almost all these good traits are united in some berries we now pos- sess, so that our ideal strawberry is not an impossible one.

46 The Strawberry Book.

For hybridizing, no better pistillate plant can be found than the Hovey. For a fertilizer La Constante may be used with a tolerable assurance of good results. These two standard kinds by their union gave us the President Wilder, which combines the good qualities of both. In- stead of La Constante — which is not without its defects — choice may be made of Triomphe de Gand, or some of the immense but shy bearing English kinds. I have seedlings from Hovey crossed with Admiral Dundas, from which I look for some curious results. ~ Again, Hovey crossed with Jucunda ought to give plants bearing fruit as immense as the latter and as good as the former. A distinguished experimenter tells me that his seedlings from the Jucunda come weak. I have found this true, having thrown away this year some showy Jucunda seedlings; but uniting this kind with the Hovey we ought to have fine results.

Lennig’s White and the Bicton Pine crossed should give a berry as large and abundant as the former, with the shape of the latter, and a mingling of the high flavor of both.

The Wilson, crossed with a high-flavored, productive kind, say the Bonté de St. Julien, would be likely to give good results.

The Agriculturist presents a very fixed type, one hard to break, its seedlings all having a family resemblance. Some decent varieties have been raised, it is said, from the Agriculturist ; but Ido not believe that a very good one will be obtained without hybridizing, and perhaps “La Constante or Napoleon III., strawberries far removed from the Agriculturist, might break up its fixed habit.

If the experimenter has size alone in view, he might cross Dr. Nicaise with Admiral Dundas; but the resulting seedlings would be valueless, save as curiosities. Where it is desirable to communicate firmness of flesh, nothing can surpass La Constante as a means of effecting this.

The Strawberry Book. 47

Tt has been supposed that mixed pollen, i. e., the pollen of two different species or varieties mingled, can act con- jointly ; and experimenters have fancied that they saw in a hybrid resemblances to ¢hree progenitors; but Darwin says, ‘* We now know conclusively, from Girtner [a most eminent German hybridist], that two kinds of pollen never act conjotndly on a third species; the only effect of min- gling two kinds of pollen being the production in the same capsule of seeds which yield plants some taking after the one and some after the other parent.”

T instance this to show the experimenter the uselessness of mixing two or three kinds of pollen, as some have advised. :

That the large-fruited scarlet strawberries can be crossed with the Alpines seems to be well settled, and there is no reason to suppose that further experiments will not demon- strate the possibility of making some other crosses here- tofore looked upon as unlikely.

For planting without hybridizing, any choice kind may be used. It has just been remarked that seedlings from the Agriculturist repeat the parent plant; and it may be added that seedlings from Downer’s Prolific, and all strawberries of native origin, show their parentage very strongly.

It is safe to advise amateurs to sow seeds of the very best kinds, such as Hovey, —the parent of many good strawberries, —- La Constante, or, better still, President Wilder.

These will give a sufficient variety, and out of a large number of seedlings from these some must prove very fine.

Perhaps this is the place to inquire what are the qual- ities requisite in a first-class strawberry. Of course we do not expect yet to find -all the excellences of every strawberry united in one, but must be satisfied with as close an approximation to our ideal fruit as we can

48 The Strawberry Book.

obtain by patient experiment. Still it is well to have an ideal towards which to strive; and we may say of a per- fect strawberry, —

1st. The vines should be hardy, vigorous, and pro- ductive, capable of adapting themselves to various soils, not making too many runners, and, if possible, of a close, compact habit of growth.

2d. The fruit-stalks should be firm and stiff enough to hold the fruit clear from the ground ; and,

3d. The berries should be large,—or at least with only a trifling percentage of small ones, — of regular and uniform shape, solid, easily hulled, firm enough to carry some distance to market without injury, not too acid, bright colored, and of the highest possible flavor.

Large fruit, as a rule, brings higher prices than medium sized or small; a regular-and elegant shape adds much to the value of a strawberry, as is shown in La Constante; firmness is of course essential, for the fruit must reach the market in good order ; a bright color is desirable, as help- ing the sale of the fruit; and, finally, we may say that of two strawberries of equal value otherwise, that one which is the easier to hull will be judged the better kind.

4th. The scale of colors laid down by Fuller is, first, scarlet; second, crimson-scarlet; third, crimson; fourth, dark crimson; fifth, white. I think his fourth and fifth should change places.

It is undeniable that the color of a fruit has consider- able weight with purchasers. In fact, a bright color gen- erally turns the scale in favor of a poor fruit. Red cur- rants bring more than white, and it is sometimes difficult to sell cream-colored and yellow raspberries when red ones are in the market.

Poor, but bright-colored, smooth pears will sell better than first-class ones, if the latter have a dull, rough out- side. Lennig’s White and the Bicton White Pine, two of the most delicious berries in the world, would probably

$i The Strawberry Book. 49

fail to be sold, if offered in our markets, on account of their color. These popular notions are due of course to igno-. rance of the best varieties of fruits, and will be eradicated when people become more-familiar with choice kinds.

Productiveness and hardiness. of the vine, with bright color and ‘solidity of the fruit, seem now all that is re- quired in a market berry, and even more than is required, for the Wilson’s Albany has built up and maintains a wonderful reputation in spite of its poor color.

It is a very firm berry, as.far removed in this respect as possible from many kinds, notable among which is the Brooklyn Scarlet —a delicious variety, but so tender that a single layer of berries set, away on a plate over night will lose their shape by morning. La Constante is remarkable for its firmness, and Underwoed’s Seed- ling, raised from La Constante, is quite wonderfyl for its firmness and keeping qualities, the La Constante. type being a very persistent one, as regards not only solidity, but shape and flavor also. Its beautiful shape reappears, a little modified, in the President Wilder.

One word of advice to the amateur may not be out of place here, viz.: if he should obtain a seedling worth naming, let him be sure the name he gives it has not been already appropriated to some other strawberry. Neglect of this precaution is already leading to confusion. We have two Elizas, — Rivers’s and Myatts’s; two Eclipses, — Prince’s and Reeves’s ; two Emilys ; two Charles Down- .

-ing’s, — Downer’s and De Jonghe’s; two President Wil- der’s, — De Jonghe’s and Wilder’s; two Riflemen, — one raised by Roden and the other by Ingram ; two Paulines, —one a seedling of Prince’s and the other a seedling of Dr. Nicaise; two Globes, — Myatts’s and De Jonghe’s ;

* two Cornucopia’s, — Prince’s and Nicholson’s ; and so on to the end of the chapter. There are some other names too near alike; as the Rubis of Dr. Nicaise, and Nicholson’s

‘Ruby; Napoleon and Napoleon III.; to say nothing of

4

xe) s The Strawberry Book. °

x

the numerous Queens, Princes, and Princesses, and doubt- less others which I have overlooked.

I do not share in the opinion that we have too many vari- eties of strawberries, nor do I think we should cease trying to perfect this valuable fruit. What has been done merely shows us how great results we may hope for in the near future. The careful hybridizer can plan in his mind what kind of a strawberry he will have, and bya skilful se- lection of parent plants he can realize his ideal. Not by the first or the hundredth experiment, it may be, but sooner or later he will get what he seeks. Although, to be sure, Downing says, “‘ A new variety must possess very supe- rior qualities to entitle it to regard now that we have so many fine fruits in our collections,” yet no less an au- thority than De Jonghe reminds us that we are very far from having reached the bounds of perfection in straw- berries. ,

The Strawberry Book.. ‘51

-

CHAPTER IX. THE QUESTION OF TASTE.

To most persons, to'a large majority, at least, of those

who buy their berries in the market, a strawberry is a ‘strawberry. That is to say, if it be ripe, bright colored,

and not absolutely sour, it is perfectly sid to the buyer.

With the nice questions of taste and — and the del- icate distinctions drawn by des vrais amateurs gourmets (as a French strawberry catalogue has it), the public has little to do. Yet with amateurs, who are annually called upon to test new varieties, the subtile and refined differ- ences that mark the various berries are certainly important.- But no book can lay down exact rules in this matter. ° *

Speaking generally, we may say that a new berry, to be approved, must be less acid than the Wilson, and must possess, in some measure, the high and refined flavors that distinguish some of our choicest kinds.

There is really a much wider difference in the flavor of different strawberries than many inexperienced people will at first admit. Some havea distinct and delicious pine-. apple flavor, as Lennig’s White — the White Pine-apple

-and White Albion of some foreign lists — and Rivers’s Eliza. The Lucas, a fine seedling from La Constante, has a marked flavor of raspberries, while the Duc de Mala- koff has a strong apricot, or, as some say, mulberry, taste. The Hautbois strawberries are musky. A French berry, the Exposition de Chalons, has a marked taste of currants. Some foreign kinds ave a decided cherry flavor. Our

52 The Strawberry Book.

native wild strawberries have a delicious aroma, which is wholly absent in many of the largest kinds.

Some varieties have a brisk, refreshing, vinous juice, others are simply juicy and sweet, while some are sweet, dry, and almost juiceless. In the first class we might put the Duc de Malakoff, Vineuse de Nantes, and La Con- stante among foreign kinds, and the Hovey, President Wilder, and Lennig’s White among native varieties; in the second class we might put Marguerite and Bijou; and of the third, the Austin, as I have seen it, and Madame Collonge among foreign kinds, are excellent ‘Tepresenta- : tives.

The flavor and taste of most varieties of strawberries. are necessarily sz generis, and incapable of exact descrip- tion, or comparison with other fruits. The exquisite taste of a Brooklyn Scarlet or of a Rivers’s Eliza cannot be set forth in words any easier than the flavor of a Beurré d’Anjou pear or a Northern Spy apple.

In the market, size and color rule. At the table of the amateur, size and color both come into consideration, but" are subordinate to flavor. Many a grower raises for sale large crops of berries, like the Wilson, which he himself does not deign to eat, having his own private bed of Len- nig’s White or Hovey, or some still rarer kind, to supply himself and his family. In fact, I know dealers who, in conversation upon strawberries, always make a wide dis- tinction between berries that are good to sell and those that are good to eat. *

The education of the public taste is only a question of time. Already there are some slight indications of im- provement. The public has found that Hovey’s Seedling is better than the Wilson ; and La Constante, Triomphe de Gand, and Jucunda have been promoted from amateur to market varieties. Yet, to be strictly correct, we might perhaps add, that the enormous size to which the last- named variety can be grown, has, probably, had much to.

The Strawberry Look. 53

do with its advance in public favor, for in many soils it is somewhat deficient in flavor.

: To sum up, we may consider it certain that people who love strawberries well enough to buy and eat berries so poor as some of our market varieties are, would gladly apply themselves to the education of their taste on better kinds, if they could get them.

The Chili strawberries, although some of them are ex- tolled for amateur culture, are of little value. They are large, coarse, very apt to be hollow, with soft, poor-flavored flesh. They have been so thoroughly intermingled with other species, that it is very difficult to say of certain named kinds that they aré or are not partly Chilis.

. The Chili Orange and Wilmot’s Superb are pretty good

types of this class. The Lucida Perfecta I have fruited three seasons, and find it worthless in this climate. It is set down as a Chili, or a hybrid-Chili, in the catalogues. The Souvenir de Nantes and Madame Eliza Vilmorin I know only by reputation.

Hautbois strawberries find very few admirers in this part of the country. La Belle Bordelaise, Royal Haut- bois, and perhaps Bijou des Fraises are the best of the class. Hautbois strawberries seem to be equally neglected abroad.

It is a common question to ask a person who has tested many varieties of strawberries what kinds he recommends for general cultivation, and the writers in the horticultural journals occasionally favor us with a revised list of the best sorts. Yet to make out a catalogue of six varieties for two different localities is a very difficult task. Still some gen- eral idea, may be given to a beginner of the kinds it will be well for him to get together; and he may have those pointed out that will bear neglect, and those that need. careful culture. ;

If but one variety is desired, and if that must be one that will bear neglect, and produce a tolerable crop some-

54 The Strawberry Book.

‘ how, the Wilson stands first. It is too sour to eat; but itis an abundant and unfailing bearer, and generally sells well. Downer’s Prolific, as I know by trial, will bear decent crops after three years’ steady neglect, and is better than the Wilson. French’s Early requires but little care, and is pretty good.

If, however, strawberries are desired for a family supply, and can have decent garden culture, then the list of valuable kinds lengthens till a choice becomes embarrassing. For an early sort, Jenny Lind holds ‘its place, coming in one week before Hovey’s Seedling — and a week, I may say, makes all possible difference both with the buyer in the market and the gardener who is impatiently waiting for his first picking.

After this come a host of well-proved kinds: Hovey and its noble offspring the President Wilder, La Constante, Jucunda, Russell’s Prolific, —a,good berry, but a liftle out of favor just now, —Brighton Pine, Agriculturist, Tri- omphe de Gand, and others which I need not specify. .

Some rows of Jenny Lind for a-first crop, a bed of Hoveys with a row of Brighton Pine for a fertilizer, a row of Triomphe de Gand and another of Jucunda for a late berry (both of these two kinds in hills), will give a good assortment for an ordinary garden.

La Constante, in a deep, rich soil, comes in late, and makes a fine show, paying well for a little extra care, al- though it is sometimes perverse and fickle. For a white berry, Lennig’s White (grown in rows, in a good soil, with its runners clipped) stands at the head, and is really a luscious fruit — no better than the Bicton Pine, perhaps ; but this latter kind is too poor a grower and-too shy a bearer to be much raised here.

The amateur grower needs no advice. It is his mission to test everything that comes to hand, setting the good on one side —a scanty list it may be — and the bad and in- different on the other. I class together the bad and the

The Strawberry Book.” _ 55

indifferent, for where we have so many good kinds we neéd not trouble ourselves about a merely tolerable straw- berry. Dr. Johnson’s question, addressed to Boswell, “Sir, how can you eat a foleraéle egg,” may well be transferred to strawberries.

For, market culture the list of good kinds must neces- sarily be somewhat limited. It is not easy to find all the characteristics of a good market berry united in one kind. The plant must be hardy, vigorous, and an abundant bearer, or else it is not worth growing; the fruit must be large, handsome, and, if possible, sweet, and of good flavor. But absence of flavor or presence of acid will not prevent a variety, good in other regards, from being popular in the market. Witness the Wilson, of which, sour and poor as it is, sixty-four hundred quarts have been raised on five eighths of an acre.

Many kinds too numerous to detail have struggled hard to get and hold a place among market varieties, but have failed from one reason and another, for the capabilities of a strawberry are put to a hard test when it is raised for the market. If it has a weak side it will surely show it under the searching trial it has to pass. Perhaps as good a list of market kinds as can be made would comprise Jenny Lind, Hovey, Wilson, the Brighton Pine, Jucunda, and Triomphe de Gand. I can see that many readers will object to more than one kind here, but yet I believe that that is as good an average as can be struck. In Massa-_ chusetts, after. a review of last year’s market, we are tempted to add the Lady of the Lake to-this list, for it is a good market berry here, and overwhelmingly productive on certain soils. ;

I do not give merely my own opinion, — which might not be worth much, — but that of experienced cultivators and growers, who have seen many new seedlings rise and fall, when I say that the President Wilder will undoubt- edly become a standard market variety. It has all the

56 . The Strawberry Book.

elements of a good market strawberry, and will certainly. prove a rival to some now popular kinds. In England, Alice Maude, the famous British Queen, and I believe Keens’ Seedling, still hold their places as market varieties — Alice Maude for an early crop, and the Queen . for a later supply. There, as here, there is a host' of con- stantly renewed ‘fancy and amateur varieties.

The market price of English’ strawberries does not vary very much from the prices in our markets. In 1867, in the English market, Alice Maude strawberries sold early. in the season for one shilling and sixpence per-basket, the basket holding two thirds of a quart. Later in the season

- they were sold at the rate of two shillings for three quarts. Extra, selected British Queen strawberries sold from one to two shillings per basket, and later in the season the | price fell to ninepence.

In France, the Elton and Princesse Royale are, or were recently, very largely raised for market.

I cannot help adding here one word about strawberry culture on a small scale — in gardens.

It is amazing that’so many comparatively good gardens can be found in all parts of the country with not a straw-

~ berry bed in one quarter.of them. I do not speak wholly

of garden patches, whose. owners have no time to tend and weed'‘a strawberry bed, but of gardens belonging to land-owners, who have time, men, horses, ploughs, and manure at command, and who yet can never firid room enough for a'good bed of strawberries. A very little ob- servation teaches us that a well-cared-for strawberry bed is the exception rather than the rule. Yet strawberries are always welcome in their season ; everybody is fond of them ; people who can hardly afford so expensive a luxury buy them freely, and those who have no beds look with longing, and may be envious, eyes at the plantations of their more provident neighbors.

Then, too, those who raise their own fruit on a gen-

The Strawberry Book. * 57

erous scale, pick and eat ad libitum; not harassed by being limited to a given number of “ boxes,” but revelling in fresh, sound, unpacked, and uninjured berries. This luxury, which habit soon makes a necessity, and which is not a mere gratification of the taste, but is really condu- sive to sound health, costs but a trifle. I believe that ten dollars will establish, and less than that amount expended annually will maintain, a strawberry bed large enough to meet through the season the demands of any ordinary family. But ten dollars will not go far in buying choice strawberries by the box. Knowing by experience how pleasant it is to have good strawberries in abundance through the season, I advise every owner of a garden to set apart space enough for a good bed, to manure it well, plant it with some good, productive kind, and never there- after to be without a supply of luscious berries in their season.

It is worth noticing, that in most cases the neatest and best beds of strawberries, except those of the market gar- deners, are in gardens owned, or perhaps hired, by me- chanics and laborers, who somehow find time to weed and tend them before and after their hours of labor, and whose success very often puts to shame their wealthier neighbors, and affords a parallel to the Lancashire work- men’s gooseberry bushes.

It cannot, thenfbe bad advice to urge those who have the land and the means to plant strawberry beds. For three weeks in the year, at least, their families will call them blessed.

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

I HAVE thought it best to arrange the following varieties

. alphabetically. as almost any other classification would be impossible, or at least would lead to confusion and mis- understanding. Not that the distinction between certain species is not broad enough, but the innumerable acci- dental and intentional crosses that have been produced have made it next to impossible to fix exactly the botan- ical rank and place of any named variety.

I may. add that if any amateur wishes to study the strawberry critically, he will get much help from the ad- mirable essays in the Yardin Fruitier du Museum, and from the papers contributed by Knight and others to the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society.

It is much to be desired that some competent botanist would take in hand the whole question of species and varieties in the strawberry family, and reduce to system and order what is now considerably confused.

A thorough research would probably reduce the num- ber of species to two or three.

Meanwhile it is very desirable that every originator, of a new-seedling should keep a careful record of its origin.

From a comparison of these records with the varieties produced, a good deal of light will one day be obtained.

The following is a pretty full list of the named varieties of strawberries. In a subsequent edition I hope to make

59

60 The Strawberry Book.

it still more full and more accurate; and I shall be much obliged to any one who will help me in this matter. Of the following varieties I have tested a great many, es- pecially the foreign kinds, having fruited some of them four years, and others fewer seasons; others I have care- fully observed in the plantations of friends and acquaint- ances; and for descriptions of the remaining varieties I have had recourse to the best authorities I could com- mand.

ABBREVIATIONS.

The following abbreviations have been used. in this ‘list, viz. :—

Downing. . . . . - Downing’s Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. Edition of 1869.

Hov.Mag.. . . . . Hovey’s Magazine of Horticulture. . Boston.

Hort. . . . . . . Horticulturist. New York,

Rev. Hort... . . . Revue Horticole. Paris.

Fuller. . 2... . © Fuller’s Small Fruit Culturist.

Alb. de Pom... .« Album de Pomologie. Paris.

Lond. Hort. Soc. Trans. Transactions of the London Horticul- tural Society.

Duham.. . . . . . Duhamel. Traité des Arbres Fruitiers.

Jar. Mus. . . . . . Jardin Fruitierdu Museum. (Quoted by the volume, as the plates are not num- bered.)

Fig... . . . . . Figured.

A star (*) prefixed to the name of a variety shows that that va- riety has been rejected by the United States Pomological Society,

CATALOGUE OF VARIETIES.

Az

ABD-EL-KapDerR (Dr. Nicaise). Plant small, but vigorous; leaf- stalks long; leaves small; fruit large to enormous, elongated, orange vermilion; seeds prominent; flesh salmon color; sprightly, somewhat acid, but very good. New. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 470.

* ABERDEEN BEE-HIVE. This is the old Grove End Scarlet.

ABINGTON BLusH (Kohl). Conical; greenish white, with deep scarlet red blush. Very handsome and good. Probably a seed- ling of Lennig’s White. Fig. in Gard. Month. IV. 211.

Apranam Lincotn (Plattman). A new American variety, described as very promising. Name changed to President.

Apair (Elphinstone). (Syn. Sv Adair.) (?)— An English va- riety, described as very large, heart shaped, pointed, of a

. deep varnished red, with rosy flesh. Vigorous and productive.

ADELAIDE. :

ApmrrAL Dunpas (Myatt). This is an enormous English vari- ety. A shy bearer at best, and the vines need to be two years old to show their best fruit. Berries very large, sometimes only eighteen to the pound, variable in form, sometimes cocks- combed, bright orange, with seeds on the surface; flesh rosy, sugary, and pretty good for so large a berry. I have found but very few and very small strawberries on one-year plants.

Aponis (Prince). One of W. R. Prince’s seedlings. Little known.

AFRICAINE (Dr. Nicaise). New. Described by the originator as a strong plant, with large, smooth leaves borne on short foot- stalks; fruit shining, deep red, almost black, truncated, con- ical; seeds prominent; sugary, juicy, and perfumed.

(61)

62 Catalogue of Varieties.

AGRICULTURIST (Boyden). Very large, often monstrous, irreg- ularly conical, with a long neck. This peculiarity, viz., hav- ing a distinct neck, is very noticeable in seedlings from the Agriculturist; color light crimson red; flesh deep red, juicy, and about second rate in quality. Varies very much in different seasons and localities. Fig. in Fuller, p. 88,and Hort. XXII. 264. i ‘ Z Downing gives Abraham Lincoln and President as synonymes.

* Ayax (Nicholson). Large, roundish, deep red; seeds slightly imbedded; flesh pale red, juicy, and tolerably rich. An extraor- dinarily vigorous plant, but a shy bearer. Forces well.

ALEXANDER II. (Gloedé). New, 1869. Figured in the origina- tor’s catalogue for 1870, and there described as very large; heart shaped, orange color, deeper on the sunny side; flesh sal- mon color, very juicy, sugary, and perfumed. Early and pro- ductive. The berries are said sometimes to exceed in size those of Dr. Nicaise.

ALEXANDRA (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit very large, round- ed, flattened, horseshoe shaped, and often larger than the Dr. Nicaise; bright orange red; seeds yellowish, not prominent; flesh rosy, of a pleasant flavor, brisk and sugary. A very good and distinct variety. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 470.

*Atice Maung. (Syn. Princess Alice Maude.) An English va- riety of some repute, and a favorite early market kind at home. With me the feaves have all burned before midsummer. Large, conical, dark, glossy scarlet; flesh light scarlet, juicy, rich and good.

‘ALICE NicHoLson (Nicholson). Named by Nicholson*for his only daughter. Fruit medium to large, conical, with long neck, rosy orange, shaded with yellow; seeds prominent; flesh creamy white, buttery, melting, and exquisite. Fig. in Gloede’s Cat. for 1869.

AmaAzonE (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit larga to very large, elongated conical, of a beautiful form and almost always regu- lar; clear red, vermilion at the tip; seed little sunken; flesh rosy white, sugary, and perfumed, excellent. Plant half dwarf, vigorous, hardy, and productive. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 470.

Amprosia (Nicholson). Very large, roundish, dark shining red; seeds deeply imbedded; flesh rose colored, sugary, and full of juice. Itis said to force well. I have found it only a moderate bearer. The berries have a slight mulberry flavor.

America (Keech). Large, obtuse conical, wedge shaped, crim-

Catalogue of . Vartetzes. 64 son; flesh firm, juicy, rich subacid. The fruit ripens all at once, and as early as the Early Scarlet. Originated in Water- loo, N. Y.

AMERICAN QuEEN (Huntsman), Described by Fuller as large, bright scarlet, pistillate.

Awnanas. (Syn. Fraise Ananas.) Possibly a seedling of a Chili. Fruit round or oval, brilliant rosy yellow; seeds few, large, brown, prominent; flesh white, hollow, with a core; flavor su- gary and delicate, never becoming bitter. Runners few, long, and red. Plant, vigorous, productive, and hardy in France, where it was formerly cultivated largely for the Paris market. Fig. in Jar. Mus. V.

ANANAS DE BRETAGNE. White-fruited.

ANANAS. DE GUEMENE. Seedling of a Chili. Described as a mag- nificent berry, rosy white, juicy, perfumed, late.

ANANAS DE LA HULLE.

AnaNnaAS Fotis Variecata. A striped leaved variety of the above, with small red fruit.

Ananas Lecog. A French variety. Fruit large or very large, elongated, flattened, often truncated, bright red; seeds promi- nent; flesh rosy, sugary, and perfumed. Plant hardy, vigorous, productive, and late. (Gloede.)

ANANAS PERPETUEL (Gloede). (Syn. Gloede’s Perpetual Pine.) Fruit medium, conical, sometimes flattened, scarlet red; seeds prominent; flesh white; moderately firm, juicy, and sugary. Plant vigorous and productive. Said to bear a full crop in the autumn if the runners are cut. Fig. in L’Illustration Horti- cole, XIII. 501.

ANGELIQUE (Prince). Described by the originator as large, con- ical, bright scarlet, juicy, of excellent flavor. Plant vigorous, hardy, and productive.

ANNETTE.

ARIADNE (Prince). Described as rather large, conical, with a

' slight neck, light scarlet, sweet, with very Ane flavor. Pistil- late.

ARoMATic Crimson (Prince). A seedling from the Black Prince, and like its parent. .

Asa Gray. Discovered by Professor Gray, in iis; in Western New York. Remarkable for its peculiar neck, for the bright, transparent red of its skin, and for a peculiar wild flavor. Seeds few, yellow on the shady side, red on the other, very deeply sunken. Fig. in Jar. Mus. II.

Ascot PINE-APPLE (Standish). New, 1868. Figured in Gloede’s

64. Catalogue of Varieties.

Catalogue 1868-9, and described as oval or conical, red, var- nished; seéds prominent; flesh white with red veins, having a decided pine-apple flavor. Season medium.

* ATHLETE. Originated in Easton, Pa. (2)

Atxtinson’s SCARLET. This is the Grove End Scarlet.

ATLISTEL. (?)

Aucusta (Lebeuf). New, 1869. Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue of 1870, and described as of the largest size, elongated, flattened or cockscombed, bright crimson red, with rosy flesh, very su- gary, juicy, and perfumed. Vigorous, hardy, and productive.

AUGUSTE RETEMEYER (De Jonghe). 1854-5. Fruit large or very large, roundish oval, vermilion red, sometimes white at the end; seeds superficial; flesh salmon, firm, juicy, sugary, and perfumed. Season medium.

AuGusTE van Geert. A Belgian variety, described as a good bedrer, with fruit of medium size, dark color, juicy and good.

AUGUSTINE (Prince).

Austin. (Syn. Shaker Seedling.) Originated at Watervliet, N. Y. Accurately described by Fuller as large, roundish, slightly con- ical; large specimens usually hollow, light pale scarlet; flesh white, soft, acid. Third rate in flavor, and ought not to be tol- erated any longer, though productive and vigorous.

AUSTRALIA.

AuTuMN ScaRLeT (Knight). A cross of Knight’s Large Scarlet with the Old Black. Originated in England in 1817. A good bearer. Fruit necked, uniform dark shining red; seeds yellow, deeply imbedded; flesh solid, firm, pale scarlet; flavor good. Very late in ripening.

Avenir (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fig. in Gloede’s Catalogue 1868-9, and there described as somewhat like Marguerite, but without the faults of that variety, being large to very large; oval, brilliant vermilion red; seeds superficial; flesh white with a hollow in the centre, juicy, and of a delicious perfume. Hardy, vigorous, and productive.

AYTBURTH’s SEEDLING. Figured in the Album de Pomologie, IV. 78.

Duc DE Mataxorr, AMBROSIA,

Jucunpa. Boynen’s No. 30,

Catalogue of Varieties. . 65

B .

BALTIMORE ScaRLET. Synonyme of the Scotch Runner.

Barasoo. A Wisconsin strawberry. ;

Barcemon. (Syn. Fragaria Majaufea, Fraisier de Bargemont, Breslinge d’ Angleterre, Caucasian, Green Pine-apple, Green Wood, Powdered Pine, Verte d’Angleterre, Fraister Vert, Wilitams’s Green Pine, Gilbert's Large Brown.) This very old variety, which takes its name from a village in the Alps, has been considered a distinct species; but Fuller calls it a true Alpine. Fruit small, roundish, bright violet red on one side, greenish violet on the other;"flesh greenish, melting, with a raspberry flavor. Known in 1583. Fig. in Jar. Mus. IV., and Duhamel, V. 269.

Barnes’s Mammortu (Barnes). Probably same as Barnes’s Seed- ling, which is described by Fuller as very large and handsome, and-promising to bea very valuable market variety. Very large, roundish, obtusely conical, uneven, crimson; flesh scarlet, firm, juicy, sprightly subacid. Originated in Poughkeepsie, N. Y.,. with D. H. Barnes.

Barnes’s WHITE. (?)

Baron Beman DE Linnick (Deman de Lennick) (?). (Makoy.) Very large, elongated, flattened cone, light scarlet; seeds prom- inent; flesh pink, solid, sweet, and perfumed.

Baron DE QuapT (De Jonghe). 1865. Very large, elongated, bright red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, juicy, and of exquisite perfume. Dwarf, hardy, makes few runners. Very productive, and season medium. (Originator’s description.)

BarrRat’s EMPEREUR.

Barry’s Extra (Barry). Light scarlet, fine flavor. Little ‘known.

BarTLeTtT. Identical with Boston Pine.

Batu Scarlet. (Syn. Bath Strawberry, New Bath Scarlet,

. Liverpool, Golden Drop, Devonshire, and probably others.) An abundant bearer. Berries roundish ovate, small, with short neck, scarlet; seeds dark, varnished red, and very promi- nent; flesh soft, with a large core, pale scarlet, coarse, and no flavor. Old.

BatH STRAWBERRY. Origin unknown. = is the Fragaria

5

66 Catalogue of Varzeties. af

Calycina of Duchesne. Fruit round, slightly elongated, whi-

- tish rose;: flesh spongy, whitish yellow, little juice; fine flavor, but disagreeable when tooripe. Fig. in Jar. Mus. V. Duha- mel, III. 157, and Album de Pom. III. 20.

Baynes’ Earty Scartet. (Syn. Baynes’ Favorite Scarlet.) (?)

Baynes’ INCOMPARABLE.

Beatrice (Prince). Described by the originator as large, ob- tusely conical, deep scarlet, sweet, fine flavor, hardy, vigorous, and productive.

Beauty (Nicholson). Large, wedge shaped, good. An abun- dant bearer. ;

Beauty oF ENGLAND (Frewin). Large, heart shaped, bright

_ Shining red; flesh clear red, juicy, sugary, and perfumed.

BELLE ARTESIENNE (Demay). Very large, conical, dark crim- son, poor, and unproductive. ~“ : ~

BELLE Borpevalse. One of the best of the Hautbois varieties. Roundish oval, dark brownish purple; flesh white, juicy, sweet, with a strong musky flavor. Gives sometimes a second crop, but has not done so with Fuller in six years’ cultivation. This variety is said to be a cross of the old Hautbois with an Alpine.

BELLE BRETONNE (Boisselot). New, 1868. Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1868-9. Described as very hardy and vigorous, fruit-stalks long and firm, holding the- berries well above the leaves; fruit obtusely conical, bright, varnished red, with prominent seeds; flesh rosy, firm, melting, and perfumed. :

Bette Caucuoise (Acher). New, 1869. Figured in catalogues, : and described as large to very large, oval or flattened, bright- cherry red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, firm, buttery, exqui- sitely perfumed. ;

BELLE DE BRUXELLES (De Jonghe). 1852.

BELLE DE MACHETAUX.

BELLE D’ORLEANS.

* BELLE DE PaLLua.

BELLE pe Paris (Bossin). ‘Fruit large, sometimes enormous, obtusely conical or flattened, bright shining red, with sunken seeds; flesh rosy, tender, with a brisk, sugary flavor. Vigor- ous and productive. Late. :

BELLE De ScEAUx (Robine). Conical or oval, vermilion' red; seeds superficial; flesh rosy, juicy, brisk flavored, and good. Late. “

BELte ve St. Gittes (De‘Jonghe). An Alpine. Originated. , about 1845. Comes perfectly true from seed. *

j

~

Catalogue of Varieties. 67

BELLE DE VisertT (Vibert). Large, conical, light crimson, sweet, but not rich; flesh firm. A handsome berry; succeeds poorly, except in a very few localities.

BeLte Lyonnaise (Nardy). New, 1868. Berry large, round, rose colored; seeds prominent; flesh creamy white, melting, sugary, and highly perfumed. Vigorous and productive. Late.

BeLi’s EXCELLENT. - ;

BELVIDERE (Prince). Large, conical, light scarlet, sweet, and good.

BENIcEA (Prince). Described by the originator as very large, obtusely conical, crimson; flesh white, firm, sweet, fine flavor. Vigorous and productive. Pistillate.

BersiLia (Prince). Early, very large, bright scarlet, good. Must be grown in hills.

Bicotor (De Jonghe). 1849 or 1850. Medium size, conical, light crimson, sweet and good.-. A poor grower.

Bicton Pine. (Syn. Belle Blanche, Deptford White, Excelsior.) Large, roundish, pale flesh color, with a reddish tinge on the sunny side. Bears a moderate crop of fragrdnt and tolerably high flavored berries. Requires very careful winter protection. Fig. in Hort. XII. 220, Alb. de Pom. IV. 78.

Byovu (De Jonghe). 1859-60. Fruit medium to large, regularly conical, bright shining rose color; seeds yellow and promi- nent; flesh snow white, juicy, and moderately good. I have fruited the Bijou four seasons, and find it a pretty berry, but a poor bearer.

Byovu pes FratsEes (Wolf). Entirely distinct from the forego- _ing. A Hautbois strawberry.

BisHop’s ORANGE. (Syn. Bishop~’s New Orange, Hudson's Bay.) Medium, conical, regular; color between orange and light scar- let; flesh firm, rich, and excellent. - Pistillate.

Bisuop’s SEEDLING SCARLET (Bishop). A seedling of the Hud- son’s Bay, and originated in England in 181g. A good bearer, very late. Leaves light green, deeply serrate; fruit moderate size, round, with a neck, light scarlet, hairy, seeds deeply im- bedded; flesh solid, pale scarlet, of moderately good flavor.

Bisnop’s Wick. Large, conical, good.

Brack Cuiti. A mere sub-variety of darker color.

Brack: Cone. Medium, conical, third rate.

Brack Derriance (Durand). New. Conical or cockscombed, very dark crimson; flesh solid, juicy, rich, and sprightly.

Brack Havurszois. A seedling of the conical Hautbois, raised in

”

68 Ci atalogue of Varieties.

1815. Fruit conical, dark dingy. purple; seeds little sunken; flesh buttery and high flavored. A great bearer, and early.

BLack Ping. (Syn. Read's Black Pine.) Originated with William H.. Reed, Canada West. Large, short conical, nearly black, glossy; seeds yellow, slightly imbedded; flesh firm; of excel- lent flavor. Late. Fig. in Hort. XIV. 560.

Brack PrINcE (Wilmot). Originated in England in 1820, and known as Wilmot’s Black Imperial. Seedling of Keens’s Impe- rial. Medium size, spherical, hairy, very dark violet; seeds slightly sunken; flesh solid, very firm,-rich dull scarlet, with dark juice, a small core, and peculiar flavor.

Brack Prince (Cuthill). (Syn. Black Imperial, Malcolm's Aber- deen Seedling.) Sent out in 1848, A prodigious bearer, with medium-sized, long conical, dark colored fruit; sour in dull weather, dry and middling in hot. Said to force well. Fig. in Alb. de Pom. IV. 78. ’

Brack RosEBERRY (Williams). An old English variety, a cross of the Roseberry with the Early Pitmaston Black. Fruit of good size, bluntly conical, dark purple red; seeds sunken; flesh dark red, solid, buttery, and juicy. Fig. in Pom. Mag I. 20.

BLANCHE D’ORLEANS. An Alpine strawberry; described as larger than the Old White Alpine.

BiusH PINE (?).

BONTE DE St. JULIEN (Carré). A very productive and delicious berry. Fruit medium to large, brillfant, but rather dark red; flesh red, very sweet and high flavored. I have fruited this kind, and esteem it highly. ;

*Bostock. (Syn. Rostock, Rostock Seedling, Rostock Pine, Wel- lington, Cone, Byram, Caledonian, Vernon's, Montague's, Pro- lific Bath, New Bath, Whitley's Pine, Beattte’s Seedling. Erroneously, Bath Scarlet, Chinese, Red Chili, Devonshire Chili.) A somewhat celebrated English variety. An abun- dant bearer. Fruit very large, nearly round, with a small neck; dark shining red on the sunny side; light scarlet on the other; seeds prominent; flesh pale scarlet, coarse, hollow; no flavor.

Boston Beauty. A rather new: seedling strawberry, said to have originated near Boston. I have seen fruit of this variety raised by Mr. Talbot, of South Dedham, Mass., which was large, handsome, and good, but it seemed a little soft, and somewhat resembled Rivers’s Eliza.

Boston Pine (Hovey). (Syn. Bartlett.) A cross of the Grove End Scarlet and Keens’s Seedling. Medium to large, obtusely conical, light crimson; flesh light colored, sweet, and excellent.

Catalogue of Varicties. 69

Plant vigorous and productive; best grown in hills in a rich, deep soil. The berries lose their color soon after being gath- ered. This variety has been largely used as a fertilizer for Hovey’s Seedling. Fig. in Hovey’s Fruits of America, I. 27.

Boupinor Prouiric (Boudinot). A seedling of the Wilson. Originated in Alexandria, Ohio, in 1862. Vine hardy and pro- ductive; fruit regularly conical, uniform, firm and large; flavor like Agriculturist.

Bouuon (Gloede). Said to be like Sir Charles Napier in growth. Flesh firm, very juiey and sugary.

Boute v’OR (Boisselot). Very large, round, flattened, bright glossy orange-scarlet; seeds prominent; flesh white,. sweet, and good. Fig. in FuJler, p. 104, and described by Gloede as ‘‘ probably the handsomest strawberry known.”

Boypen’s Mammortu. Said to-be identical with Trollope’s Vic~ toria. Described as a roundish, depressed, deep crimson, Vigorous, but not very productive.

Boypen’s No. 15 (Boyden). New. Described as very large, productive, and beautiful.

BoypeEn’s No. 30 (Boyden). An immense roundish, conical ber- ry, with a long neck; crimson or dark scarlet. As I saw it last summer, it was a very striking exhibition berry, but too soft.

BRESLINGE D’ANGLETERRE. (Syn: de Pennsylvante.) A green strawberry. Roundish, ovate, very small and poor.

* BRETTONEAU. ~

BREWER’s EMPEROR. Medium, ovate, dark red, and good. An English variety.

BRIDGETOWN Ping. A Connecticut seedling. :

BRIGHTON Pine (Scott). Medium to large, roundish conical, with short neck; light crimson; flesh ‘a little soft, sweet, juicy, and good. Much employed by cultivators near Boston as a fertilizer for Hovey’s Seedling.

BriLiiant (Prince). Large, conical, deep crimson.

BRITANNIA.

BriTisH QUEEN (Myatt). This is perhaps the most famous strawberry ever raised in England, and has been very widely grown there, where it is a favorite market berry. Unfortu- nately, it does not come to full perfection here; and it is not only tender, but very capricious in its choice of soils. It is the parent of many excellent kinds. Fruit of the largest: size,. roundish, slightly conical, rich scarlet; flesh pure white, and of the highest flavor. Forces admirably. Fig. in Hort. VII. 363, Album de Pomologie, III. 20.

7O Catalogue of Varieties. °

BRITISH QUEEN SEEDLING. Fruit medium-sized, obtusely con- ical, dark red, and greatly inferior to its parent, the preceding.

BRITISH SOVEREIGN (Stewart and Neilson). Said not only to possess the good qualities of the British Queen, but to be more vigorous, hardy, and productive. é

Brittany Wuire Pine. Described as a high Sievored berry, but a poor setter. .

Brooktyn ScarLeT (Fuller). Medium to large, regular coni- cal, with neck, bright scarlet; flesh very soft, sweet, rich, and excellent. Plant very vigorous; rather too rank a grower; in fact, making an amount of leaves out of proportion to the quantity of fruit. .One of the best flavored strawberries I have ever raised, but too soft for anything but home use. Fig. in Fuller, p. 89. Hort. XXII. 266.

Brooxs’s Prouiric. Synonyme of the Iowa.

Brune ve GitsertT. (Syn. Gilbert's Brown.) An Alpine strawberry. Said to be small and high flavored.

Bryan’s SATISFACTION (Bryan). Originated in Vineland, New Jersey, and is a cross of Hooker and Wilson’s Albany. Me- dium sized, very uniform, heart-shaped, rich, glossy crimson. Very rich flavored. New.

BurraLo. Synonyme of McAvoy’s Superior.

Buist’s Prize (Buist). Good size, nearly round, light color; flesh rather soft; flavor good. Plant a strong grower, and tol- erably productive.

BuLtocr’s BLoop. An.-.old English variety; a shy bearer, and late. Fruit ovate, large, uniform, light shining red; seeds dark red on the sunny side, yellow on the other, and prominent; flesh pale red, firm, juicy, of very indifferent flavor.

‘Burr’s New Pine (Burr). Pistillate. Large, pale red; flavor highly aromatic, sweet, and delicious. Early and productive. Originated with Zerah Burr, Columbus, O. Fig. in Thomas’s Fruit Culturist, p. 422. °

* Burr’s Ou1o MammoraH (Burr). Large, roundish, light colored, tolerably good flavor; frequently hollow. Not recommended.

* Burr’s SEEDLING (Burr). (Syn. Burr's Old Seedling, Burr's Staminate.) Large, roundish-conical, light scarlet; flesh juicy, tender, pleasant.

Busy Atring, Rep. (Syn. Wood Strawberry, Buisson & Fruit’ Rouge, Commun Sans Filets, Sans Coulans ordinaire, Sans Filets, ordinaire, De Gaillon a. Fruit Rouge.) Medium, - roundish-ovate, sub-acid, dry, agreeable. The plants make

Catalogue of Varietiés. aE

few or no runners, and are propagated by dividing the roots. Suited for the edging of garden beds. Busn ALPINE, WHITE. (Syn. White Wood Strawberry, Buts- son des Alpes Blanc, Buisson & Fruit Blanc.) Similar to the ’ above, except that it continues in bearing all the season. ByBeRRY. A new Americam seedling, little known as yet.

*

Cc

.

_CaLes Corr. An American strawberry; described as large, pointed, scarlet, white-fleshed and pistillate.

CaL.iope (Prince). Described as larger than Hovey’s. Obovate, crimson, pleasant.

CAMBRIAN PRINCE (Roberts). New, 1869. Figured and de- scribed in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1870, as a large and beautiful -berry, ‘oval elongated, clear vermilion; flesh salmon color, juicy and refreshing. Plant extranrdiausily vigorous and pro- ductive. *

Canapa. Said to be across between Wilson’s Albany and Tri- omphe de Gand. Not yet much known, but described as large, beautiful, and hardy.

Captain Coox (Nicholson). Fruit generally roundish ovate, but irregular; red with | frequently a green point; flavor hardly . ‘second rate. Habit dwarf, leaf-stalks hdiry, leaflets small oval, sharply serrate. :

CARMINE SCARLET (Williams). (Syn. Carmine Roseberry.) Originated i in Pitmaston, England, in 1820. Dwarf, leaves nu- merous, medium size, deeply serrate, light green. Fruit large, obtusely conical, brilliant varnished red; seeds slightly im- bedded; flesh pale scarlet, firm, and high flavored. Late.

CaRNIOLA MaGna (De Jonghe). A fine fruit; size large, form . oval, color bright shining red; seeds superficial; flesh rosy, with red veins; hollow, firm, juicy, and melting. Plant vigor- ous and productive.

CAROLINA. (Syn, Bath Scarlet, Old Pine.) A moderate bearer, and one requiring the highest cultivation. Fruit of the richest flavor.

Carotina Cunt. A Chili seedling, formerly cultivated in this country.

CAROLINA SUPERBA (Kitley). Fruit large, of a beautiful rounded

92-° Catalogue of Variettes. heart-shape, orange red; seeds prominent; flesh firm, pure white, very, sweet, and highly perfumed. Hardy and: produc- tive. Forces well.

Cercitia (Prince). Described as large, pointed-conical, crimson.

Ceres (Lebeuf). New, 1869. Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1870, and there described as large, or very large, elongated conical, truncated; color deep red; flesh red, firm, sugary, and juicy. Plant vigorous and productive. A seedling of Haquin, which it surpasses.

CHAMPION (Neff). Large, firm, melting, sweet. Originated with Dr. J. C. Neff, Carlisle, Pa.

CuaMPION MONTEVIDEO (Prince). Large and late.

CHANCELLOR (Downing). 7 ,

Cuartes Downinc (Downer). Very large, nearly regular, con- ical, deep scarlet; seeds brown and yellow, set rather deep; flesh firm, pink, juicy, sweet, and good. Vines vigorous, tall, and productive. I have seen this variety in fruit several times, and it did not appear to me to make good all that had been said in its favor.

CuarLes Downinc, (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue, and there described as of medium size, oval shape, brilliant red, with very prominent seeds; flesh white,

very firm, melting, ‘and of an exquisite perfume. Plant vig- - orous and productive, and called ‘a worthy companion of La. Constante.”

CHARLES’s Favorite. . Fruit large, coriical, bright scarlet; seeds deeply imbedded; flesh red, solid, sweet, juicy, and pleasant. Handsome, hardy, and productive. A seedling from Hovey’s.

CuaRLET. A sub-variety of the Alpine class.

CrarRLortTe (Keens). (Syn. Princess Charlotte.) Raised in England about 1820. Leaves dense on hairy foot-stalks, with oblong, thick, smooth, dark green leaflets. Fruit round, me- dium size, hairy, dark purplish red. Flesh scarlet, firm, high flavored.

CuarLTon’s Prouiric. Said to be a seedling of the Iowa; but Fuller is unable to see any difference between the two varieties. Early.

CHATAUQUE PERPETUAL. Probably an Alpine strawberry.

* CHESTER.

Cuts. (Syn. Patagonian, Greenwell’s.). Introduced into Europe in 1712. Large, irregular ovate or bluntly conical, dull brown- ish red; seeds dark brown and prominent; flesh slightly red

Dr. Nicaiss.

Catalogue of Varieties. 93,

near the outside, whitish within; hollow, with a small core; flavor poor and acid. Leaves coarse, hairy, and stout. A mere curiosity. Fig. in Duham. III. 160.

Cutt BLanc Rose. Very large, rounded, very regular, w tite, slightly tinted with rose on the sunny side; seeds brown and prominent; flesh white, hollow, juicy, and perfumed. Only moderatel¥ productive, and said to be best adapted to pot cul- ture. Very late; perhaps the latest strawberry known.

CuHiLI ORANGE. (Syn. Fratse Souchet.) A good and hands ‘me fruit; distinct and late. Fig. in Duham. III. 159.

Cuiui VEL. (Syn. Lamana, Premices de Bagnolet.) Fruit lege, rounded, sometimes lobed, dull red, inferior.

CuiLian (Newland). (Syn. Pyramidal Chilian, Newland.) Me- dium, conical, bright crimson, acid, but good flavor; p.ant hardy and productive; of no especial value. Originated in New Jersey.

CHINESE STRAWBERRY. (Syn. Worth’s Seedling, North’s Large ‘Scarlet, Red Chili.) A very old variety, and probably a seed- ling of a Chili. A great bearer, with medium sized, round, compressed berries of a pale varnished red. Seeds brown and prominent; flesh soft, with a great core; light pink, woolly, and of a poor flavor. ‘

Cuorx p’uN ConNoIsszeuR (De Jonghe). 1849 or 1850. A me- dium sized berry, with dark colored prominent seeds, and a peculiar sugary flavor. |

Cinnamon ScarRLetT. Medium, roundish, poor. An old Eng:ish kind.

CLARENCE, (Prince). Very large, obtusely conical, crimson, fine flavor.

Crarissa (Prince).' Medium, conical, light scarlet, sweet, showy, and productive. Pistillate.

Crrome (Prince). Large, short cone, light scarlet, very swect.

Cuimax (Prince). Pistillate. Vines very vigorous; fruit of a very large average size, beautiful light scarlet, but not of first quality as regards flavor.

CLiMAx ScaRLeT. Described as soft, dry, spongy, sour.

Curmton (Camfield). A rather new, and little known New Jer- sey variety. Large, roundish, crimson; flesh firm, juicy, sub- acid. Originated with Elias Camfield, Newark, N.J..

CLUSTERED SCARLET STRAWBERRY. (Syn. Clustered Wood Pine.) Leaflets large, flat, coarse, serrate, hairy, yellowish green; fruit obtusely conical, dark purplish red next the sun; seeds

74 Catalogue of Varieties. 2

same color as the fruit, unequally imbedded; flesh scarlet, firm, well flavored. An old variety.

* Conps’s PROLIFIC.

Cosi Proxiric. Described as producing a fair crop of large, roundish, slightly flattened, dark red berries of medium flavor.

Cocxscoms. An English seedling; described as being of a rosy salmon color; with rosy white flesh. Possibly identical with the Cockscomb Scarlet.

Cocxscoms ScarLet (Wilmot). A seedling of Keens’s Imperial. Originated in 1808. A good bearer; late. Fruit large, com- pressed; the earlier berries very large, and completely cocks- comb shape; bright scarlet; seeds pale, slightly imbedded; flesh pale scarlet, solid, large core, good flavor. Runners few; leaflets very large and nearly round; dark shining green. Re- quires a rich soil.

Caur St. INNocENT. ;

Cotes’s Prouiric (Coles). Originated near Bath, England. Described as of a deeper color than Alice Maude}; largest size, conical, and high flavored.

.Cotrax. An American variety, introduced into South Bend, Indiana, about fifteen years ago, by Schuyler Colfax. Medium,. roundish, very uniform, dark crimson, soft, and poor. Hardy, and a rank grower.

CoLoneL ExLtswortH (Fuller). Very large, irregularly conical, with a long neck; color dark scarlet, fading to a dull crimson; flesh firm, dry, sweet, not rich. A moderate grower, and pro- ductive. Apt to burn on warm soils.

*CoLumBus (Burr). A cross of Hovey with Burr’s. Originated in Columbus, O. Large, nearly round, dark color, rich, sweet flavor, productive, and hardy.

*ComMPTE DE FLANpDRE. Large, conical, good flavor. Fig. in Hort. XIV. 420.

*CompTe pE Paris (Pelvilain). Fruit large, heart-shaped, deep brilliant red; seeds superficial; flesh red, tender, juicy, and brisk flavored; by some considered too acid. Vigorous and productivé; very late.

ComptTEe DE Zans. A Belgian variety, of mediuin growth, con- ical or wedge-shaped, bright colored, moderately good flavor, firm flesh.

CompTesse DE Beaumont. Syn. of Duchesse de Beaumont (?).

*ComPTESSE DE Marnes (Graindorge). Fruit large or very large, varying very much in shape; bright varnished red; seeds

Catalogue of Varieties. 75

sunken; fiesh rosy, tender, juicy, and sweet. Vigorous, and good for forcing. The fruiting period very short.

Conqueror (Prince).

Coox’s Hysrip.

Coprer-LHAVED RoseBERRY. An old English berry. Medium, conical, and poor.

Coprocr’s No. 1 (Coppock). Little known.

Coqueticor (Dr. Nicaise). Described as vigorous, with leaves large, light colored, and thin; fruit long, poppy-red (hence the name Coquelicot); seeds prominent; fiesh rosy white, very sugary, brisk, and perfunied.

Corpova MonrevipEo (Prince). Large, conical, light scarlet, good.

CorINNE (Prince). Large, obtusely conical, crimson, sweet. Pistillate.

Cornish Diamonp (Mrs. Clements). New, 1869. Fig. in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1870. Resembling in shape Boule d’Or. Fruit very large, cockscombed, very deep red; flesh firm, red, sweet, and highly perfumed. Vigorous, productive, and late.

Cornucopia (Nicholson). A seedling of the Filbert Pine, but not quite equal to it in flavor. Large, heart-shaped, orange red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, veined with red. Described as hardy and astonishingly productive.

Cornucoria (Prince). Large, conical, bright scarlet; flesh soft and sweet, good.

Coronation. Described as good, early, and productive.

Coronet Scariert (Prince). Medium, rounded, scarlet, pro- ductive. Pistillate.

Couts’s LATE ScarLtet. (Syn. Sir George Mackenzie's Late Scarlet.) Medium size, deep color, good flavor. Moderately productive. About second rate in quality.

CovopE’s SEEDLING.

Cox’s SEEDLING (Cox). (Syn. Cox’s Hybrid.) (?) A seedling of the Elton Pine, but not so good. Large, light red, very ir- regular; flavor good, but a little acid. A good bearer, and. very late. The above description agrees with that of Cox’s—

Hybrid. -

*CremontT. (Syn. Cremont Perpetual, General Havelock) (?) This is a large, handsome, showy berry, which originated in Louisiana. It is occasionally raised in Massachusetts, and ex- hibited as the Cremont, while the foreign lists make it the same as General Havelock. The latter I have had one season.

76, Catalogue of Varieties.

CRESCENT SEEDLING. Said to be a cross between the British Queen and Keens’s Seedling. This created a slight sensation several years ago as a so-called perpetual strawberry, and was then said to have been fruited seven consecutive months in New Orleans. Probably out of cultivation now. :

Crimson CLUSTER (Mrs. Clements). Medium, round or oval, deep red; flesh rosy, sweet, juicy, with a distinct cherry taste. Said to be hardy and productive.

Crimson Cone. (Syn. Pine-apple, Scotch Runner, &c.) Me- dium, regular, conical, long neck; seeds deep sunken; light crimson; flesh firm, acid, rich flavor, and highly perfumed. An old variety. Too small and too sour, but largely raised for the New York market. Pistillate. Fig. in Fuller, p. go.

Crimson Favorite (Fuller). Large, obtusely conical, dark shining crimson; flesh firm, rich, and sprightly. Seedling of the Wilson, resembling its parent in its fruit, but not in its foliage. Unproductive.

Crimson PERFUMED (Prince). Large, obovate, crimson, sweet, high flavored, and productive. Pistillate.

Crimson Proruse (Prince). Medium, rounded, acid, crimson, firm. Pistillate.

Crimson Pro.iric Prince). Medium, conical, crimson, sweet,” and good. Pistillate. z

Crimson QuEEN (Myatt). (Syn. Doubleday's No. 2.) Fruit

“ large, variable, dull red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, sweet, and perfumed. Vines feeble, but productive. Late. One cul- tivator describes this variety as ‘‘a good grower,” and another calls the fruit bright scarlet, acid.

CROOKSHANK.

Crystal Pa.ace is said to be Eleanor (Myatt).

‘CULVERWELL’s SEEDLING. Long, tapering, ridgy, very dark, blackish red; flesh firm and rich. English.

Cusuinc (Brincklé). Medium, roundish, conical, light scarlet; flesh tender, sprightly, and pleasant. Originated in Philadel- phia. °

Curter’s SEEDLING (Cutter). (Syn. Bunce.) Small to me- dium, conical, with short neck, bright scarlet; seeds yellow and brown; flesh moderately firm, sprightly, and good. Very early and productive, but by no means a first class fruit. I have known twenty-six hundred quarts raised on one half acre of land, with not the highest cultivation. Originated in Massa- chusetts, where it is raised for market.

Cyntuia (Prince). Large, round, crimson, exquisite flavor.

Catalogue of Varieties. 77

D

DaGGe’s SEEDLING (Fuller). New, and little known.

Detanys’ SEEDLING. Little known.

DExices p’AuroMNE (Makoy). A beautiful, large, light crim- son variety, of excellent quality.: Fruit medium to large, clear red; seeds superficial; flesh rosy white, and soft. Said to be tender, but with Fuller, has proved hardy and productive. Does not bear a second crop, though its name seems to indicate this. Fig. in L’Illustration Horticole, II. 52.

Déices pu Paxars (Dr. Nicaise).

De Montrevuit A Fruir Bane.

De MontREvIL A FRuIT RouGe. (Syn. De Montreuil & Marteau, Fressant, De Ville de Bots.) A sub-variety of the Alpine or Wood strawberry.

DENBEIGH SEEDLING. An English variety. Large, coarse, and acid. j

DEPTFORD Pine (Myatt). Fruit medium to large, intermediate in color between the British Queen and Eliza; flesh firm, melt- ing, rather acid. Hardier than the British Queen. Fig. in Jar. Mus. V.

Diack’s SEEDLING. (Syn. Wew Aberdeen.) Large, round, third rate.

Diapem ‘(Prince). Little known. Described by the origina- tor as an enormous bearer. Fuller says it is large, globular, light scarlet; seeds deeply sunk; flesh soft, acid, and agree- able.

Doctor Hoce (Bradley). New, 1867. An immense, irregular shaped berry, often cockscombed; bright shining orange, with very prominent seeds; flesh creamy white, firm, ‘melting, very’ sweet, extremely rich, and perfumed. Hardy, vigorous, and late. This variety has found some favor in England as an ex- hibition fruit. Fig. in Gloede’s Catalogue 1868-9.

Docror Kari Kocu (De Jonghe). 1854 or 1855.

Doctor Nicatse (Dr. Nicaise). A French strawberry, raised by the late Dr. Nicaise, an eminent amateur grower of seedling strawberries. It first fruited in June, 1863, and from its enor- mous size, became an object of great interest to all amateurs. I have fruited it two seasons, and find it a moderate grower;

"8 Ci atalogue of Varietdes.

very unproductive, with light green, unhealthy looking foliage, and bearing a few enormous crimson, misshapen, cockscombed berries, often ripe on one side, and green on the other. Flesh soft, hollow, very poor flavor. Fig. in Rev. Horticole, 186s,’ P- 375+ ‘

Docror THomrson (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Leaves deep green, without lustre; lobes horizontal, regularly incised; corolla small; fruit medium to large, conical, regular, -shining . cherry red; seeds abundant, slightly sunken; flesh pale cherry, juicy and brisk.

Downer’s Protiric (Downer). Originated in Kentucky. Me- dium to large, roundish oval, light scarlet; seeds deeply im- bedded; flesh soft, acid, good flavor, and perfume of the wild strawberry. Early, hardy, and productive. Ihave had a bed bear a good crop of medium berries after three years’ neglect. Good for a near market. -

* Downton (Knight). (Syn. Knight's Seedling, Knight's Straw- berry.) An old and forfnerly much esteemed English straw- berry. Originated about 1817, being a cross between the so-called Old Black strawberry, and a large Scarlet. Fruit large, ovate, often cockscombed, dark purple scarlet; flesh scar- let, firm, and very high flavored. Fig. in Pom. Mag. II. 52, and Lond. Hort. Soc. Trans. III. 396.

Ducnesse DE Beaumont (Lorio). Large to very large; varia- ble, bright shining red; seeds superficial; flesh rosy, with red veins, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Plant vigorous and produc- tive. Medium in ripening.

Ducresse pz Bercuss. A white wood strawberry, said. to be large and productive. ;

Ducnesse DE TREVISE. Syri. of Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury.

Duc pe Brasant. Large, long conical, bright shining red, musky and agreeable. ;

Duc pe Maraxorr (Gloede). One of the most satisfactory - French varieties that I have fruited for an amateur’s strawberry. Berries enormous, sometimes weighing one and one half: ounces; variable, cockscombed, dull red; seeds prominent; flesh very juicy, and with a sort of mulberry flavor. Vigorous, moderately productive, and as hardy as any foreignkind. Said to be a cross of a Chili and the British Queen.

Du PoracEr IMPERIAL DE VERSAILLES. A French sub-variety of the Alpine class.

Dupson House SCARLET.

Catalogue of Varieties. 49

Duxe (Durand). New, and little known.

DUKE oF CAMBRIDGE (Stewart and Neilson). Very large, ob- tusely conical, bright scarlet red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy white, firm, sugary, and brisk. Described as a very beautiful fruit. Hardy, productive, and late.

Dvuxe of CorNWALL (Mrs. Clements). Fruit very large, heart shaped, brilliant vermilion red; seeds prominent; flesh orange, sweet, juicy, and perfumed. Hardy and productive. Season medium.

Duxe or Eprnpurcu (Dr. Roden). New, 1869., Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue, and described as a superb fruit; large to, enormous, round or oval, necked; varnished salmon color; seeds very prominent; flesh white, firm, melting, sugary, and delicious. Vines vigorous, hardy, and very productive.

Duke or Kent Scariet. (Syn. Globe Scarlet, Cluster do., Austrian do., Oatland’s do., Duke of York do., Prolific do., Eaily do. do., Nova Scotia do.) Sent to England from Hal- ifax in 1802, and widely disseminated. Globular, medium to small, rich bright scarlet; flesh solid, pale scarlet; flavor sharp and peculiar. Fruit-stalks very variable in length. Early and productive.

Duncan’s SzEpLING. A seedling of Keens’s Seedling. Origi- nated near Bristol, England. Large, dark colored, and High flavor. Productive.

Dunpexr. Medium, roundish oval, light scarlet, rich acid — productive and late. Pistillate.

DurRAnp’s SEEDLING (Durand). Originated near Newark, N. J. Large, oblong conical, variable, scarlet; flesh firm, solid, nearly white, highly perfumed, and of good flavor. Plant hardy, vig- orous, and productive. Considered promising-by Fuller. Fig. in Hort. XXII. 267.

Durree’s SEEDLING. An American (?) variety. Acid, and out of cultivation.

Dutcu STRAWBERRY. An old variety. It resembles the Chinese and the Surinam. Flesh pale red, hollow, woolly, with a core. Flavor poor.

80 Catalogue of Varieties.

EB

Earty Giose. Roundish, medium, second quality, acid. Eng- lish. ‘

*Earty May. Early, obtuse ‘come, deep scarlet, moderately good. Said to have originated with Robert Buist.

Earty Proriric (Dr. Roden). New, 1869... Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1870, and described as a variety of very great merit. Fruit of the largest size, elongated oval, shining scar- let; seeds prominent; flesh white, firm, melting, very sweet, and of an incomparable perfume. Hardy, of elegant growth, and extremely productive, bearing fruit even on the present year’s runners. Excellent for forcing. ‘

Earty ScarLet. An old variety, now little grown. Medium, conical, light scarlet; flesh firm, moderately acid.

EarLy Vireinia. See Lance EaRLy SCARLET.

EarLy WASHINGTON. Described as a great bearer, hardy, and early. Fruit medium, round, uniform, orange scarlet, of fair flavor, but very doubtful whether distinct or not from the Iowa.

*EBERLEIN. (Syn. Eberlein'’s Seedling.) An American seed- ling. Described by Mr. M. P. Wilder as productive, with some Hautbois flavor. Medium, conical, dark scarlet, sweet, and early.

Eciipsz (Reeves). English. Large, round, or heart shaped, regular, bright red; seeds not deeply imbedded; flesh white, firm, sweet, perfumed, and very rich. Hardy, productive, and forces well. is

Ecuipse (Prince). American. Small to medium, light bright crimson; fruit-stalks very strong, holding the fruit well up; good, but not rich; early, and ripens its whole crop in a few days. » Pistillate. : z

ELEANOR (Myatt). (Syn. Crystal Palace.) Fruit very large, conical, long, flattened, bright scarlet; flesh juicy and good. In this country a poor bearer, setting about one fourth of its berries. Sometimes the fruit is acid.

Exectra (Prince). Medium, conical, dark scarlet, poor flavor. Productive.

*Exiza (Myatt). Fruit medium, ovate, with a neck; light red; flesh pale red next the outside, whitish.towards the centre;

: Catalogue of Varieties.. 81

juicy, sweet, rich, and exquisite. Leaf-stalks hairy; leaflets roundish oval, obtusely serrate. A good bearer in England and hardier there than the British Queen. Medinm in ripen- ing.

Exiza (Rivers). An excellent strawberry, and a tolerably good bearer. Leaves large, deep green, deeply serrate. Fruit very large, light colored. Described in foreign catalogues as orange. Here it is light crimson. The'flesh is somewhat soft, but of exquisite flavor. It came into notice a few years since, when the Rippowam was introduced. I can see no difference in the two, having grown the Eliza several seasons.

ELIzABETH. A pistillate seedling of Burr’s Pine.

ELLa. New. Said to be large, and fine and early. Little known.

*ELTON (Knight). (Syn. Elton Seedling, Elton Pine.) Origi- nated in England about 1827, and a very prominent variety there and on the continent. So late as 1863, two hundred and forty acres of this strawberry were cultivated in the environs of Paris for the market of that city. Fruit very beautiful, large oval, bright red; seeds fine, numerous, brilliant yellow; flesh blood red, acid, not sugary, but of good flavor. Fig. in Pom. Mag. III. 135.

ELton Improvep (Ingram). Fruit large, conical or flattened, bright shining red; flesh red, juicy, sugary, melting, and per- fumed.

EMERITE (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Plant dwarf and strong; foliage like La Constante, and fruit like Bijou, but larger, and elongated conical, bright cherry red; seeds on the surface; flesh firm, flesh-colored, juicy, and delicate.

Emity (Huntsman). American. Originated in Flushing, New York. Little known, but said to be very large, and of excellent flavor. Pistillate.

Emity (Myatt). Fruit large, flattened conical, pale rose; seeds brown, prominent; flesh creamy white, juicy, sweet, and per- fumed. A very distinct strawberry. Said to be hardy and pro- ductive.

Emma (De Jonghe). Fruit large, obtusely conical, bright shin- ing red; seeds few, sunken; flesh rosy white, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Hardy, productive, and forces well. The above is the description of the Emma; but a spurious and wretchedly poor berry, which I have fruited, has been sold as the Emma in this country. Fig. in Tilton’s Jour. Hort. VII. 156.

Empress EvGEnIe. (Knevett). Raised in 1854. Plant very vig-

6

82 Catalogue of Varieties. +

orous, making large, compact hills, but setting its fruit poorly.’ Berries sometimes enormous, round, and cockscombed; shining purple red, juicy, and good. I have fruited this variety one season, when it proved very unproductive. It is said to force well. Fig. in Rev. Hort. I. 70.

ERNESTINE (Prince). Very large, oblong conical, necked, light scarlet; flesh scarlet, juicy, sprightly, fine flavor. Vigorous and productive. ‘

EscuLentTa. Old, medium size, a long time in fruit.

ESTELLE. ,

EuGENE (Prince). Rather large, conical, crimson, necked, very sweet, fine flavor, rather late. Plant vigorous and productive.

Eucenta (Prince). Described as large, obovate, light scarlet, sweet, high flavored.

Eurexa (Prince). Large, regularly conical, light scarlet, firm, juicy, sweet, high flavor, and excellent. Plant vigorous, hardy, and exceedingly productive. Pistillate.

EustTaTiA (Prince).

EVER-BEARING ANDINE. Said to be new; probably an old Alpine.

* EXCELLENTE (Lorio). Fruit very large, oval or variable, some- times round and lobed; deep red; flesh rosy, sweet, juicy, and perfumed. Said by Gloede to be worthy of its name.

Exceisa (Prince). Large, rounded, compressed, crimson, fine flavor. Pistillate,

ExceEtsior (Heffron). (?)

Exce.sior (Prince). Very large, obtusely conical or rounded ; necked, deep scarlet; high flavor, and good. Vines vigorous. ExuiBiTIon (Nicholson). Fruit medium, oblong, ovate or irreg-

ular, bright red; seeds prominent; flesh dull yellow, and of

. poor flavor. Leaf-stalks hairy; leaflets roundish, sharply ser- rate. A good bearer, but of poor quality.

EXPOSITION DE CHALONS (Dr. Nicaise). Vines vigorous, strong, moderately productive. Berries very obtusely conical, dark red, or purple; flesh rosy, with. red streaks, juicy, and of a very peculiar flavor. I have fruited it three or four seasons, but consider it curious rather than useful. In France it is said to stand the drought well.

Catalogue of Varieties. 83

ay

Farry Queen. Raised at the royal garden of Frogmore. ‘Large,. long conical, bright rosy orange; seeds prominent; flesh snow white, firm, juicy, highly perfumed. Very hardy and productive. :

Fanny (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Plant strong and vigorous; leaves large, pale, dull green, acquiring finally a straw color; deeply incised; fruit conical, regular, cherry red, with abun- dant seeds. The flesh is dull white, or flesh colored, juicy and piquant when gathered, vinous and sweet the next day.

FAULKNER’s Kinc. Syn. of Rippowam.

FELTON’s SEEDLING.

FERDINANDE. Large, regular, obtusely conical, deep scarlet red; seeds light yellow; flesh firm, juicy, and high Aavered, A French variety.

FERDINAND GLOEDE (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Figured in cat- alogues of 1870, and described as a very beautiful fruit, conical or heart shaped, very large, cherry color; seeds prominent; flesh white, with red veins; melting, very sweet, and highly perfumed. Gloede calls it one of the best of De Jonghe’s ac- quisitions.

Ferritizep Hautsois (Myatt). The most prolific, largest, and finest of its class.. Medium, conical, deep purple in the sun; sweet flavor. Pretty good bearer. Fig. in Album de Pomologie, IV. 78.

FILBERT PINE (Myatt). This has proved a very feeble grower with me. Fruit conical, rosy orange; flesh white; seeds prom- inent, sweet, and perfumed with a rich, nutty flavor. Forces well, and likes a strong, rich soil. In England its color is dull purple, and its quality variable.

FILLBASKET (Nicholson). Fruit rather large, roundish, some- - times flattened; pale red, hollow, with a core; little flavor. Leaf-stalks very heavy; leaflets deeply and sharply serrate; glaucous beneath.

FILLMore (Feast). Originated in Baltimore. Large, obtusely conical, dark crimson, rich, sweet, and good. Leaves rough, large, round, and very dark green. Gives a fair crop in deep soil. Pistillate. ;

Catalogue of Varieties. 85 glossy, bright red, scarlet in shade; seeds not deeply sunken; flesh tender, rich, red, and of fine flavor. It is a seedling of the British Queen, and in England, where it is reported vigor- ous and productive, it ripens later even than the Elton. In this country it burns very badly. The Brooklyn Scarlet, to my own knowledge, and-doubtless other varieties, have been sold in this country for the Frogmore. Fig. in Florist and Pomologist, 1862, 173.

G

GABRIELLE (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit large, round, wather deep red, varnished; seeds not prominent; flesh red, firm, juicy, sugary, of an exquisite flavor. Leaves strong and erect; leaflets almost round. Vigorous, hardy, setting its ber- ries well, and very late. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 270.

GaLLanp (Vigneron). A French sub-variety of the Alpine class.

* GARDEN OF EDEN.

GaripaLpi (Stewart and Neilson). The foreign variety of this name is described as large, solid, very juicy, and of good flavor, though slightly acid; a good bearer and vigorous grower.

GARIBALDI (Burgess). Described by Fuller as large, crimson, excellent flavor, poor grower. An American variety.

GARNSTONE SCARLET (Henderson). Originated in England in 1819. Fruit round, medium, with a short neck, rich, glossy scarlet; seeds red, deep set; flesh scarlet, firm, sharp, but agreeable. Leaves coarsely serrate, light green. A moderate- bearer and late. :

GazeLe (Prince). Very large, round, light scarlet, juicy, good flavor; vigorous, hardy, and productive. Pistillate.

GELINEAU (Gelineau). Fruit large, conical or oval, flattened, deep red; flesh red, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Vines hardy, and very productive. Late.

GENERAL GRANT (Keech). Good medium size, irregular in form; dark red, or about the same color as Wilson’s Albany; somewhat acid, but represented to be early.

GENERAL GRANT (Burgess). Described as a vigorous grower, prolific bearer, fine flavor, and very firm flesh.

GENERAL HAVELocK (Filey). Syn. in foreign catalogues Cre- mont. Fruit large or very large; obtusely conical or heart shaped, bright red; seeds superficial; flesh rosy, veined with

2

86 Catalogue of Varieties. ; =

red, brisk flavored, and good. Plant moderately vigorous, dwarfish, and productive. Forces well. I have had this variety under cultivation, but have not fruited it, and shall be surprised if the synonyme prove correct. .

GENERAL McCLELLAN. Syn. of McAvoy’s Superior.

GENERAL MEADE (Keech). This and General Grant (Keech), General Sheridan, and General Sherman, are said to be crosses of the Russell with Triomphe de Gand. Large, rich bright scarlet, conical; seeds deep set, of very good quality.

* GENERAL JACQUEMINOT.

GENERAL Lyons.

GENERAL Scott (Burgess). Large, soft, of the Towa class, ac- cording to Fuller. Another authority says it is too soft for market. Large, and very productive. a

GENERAL SHERIDAN (Keech). Medium size, dark rich red, somewhat irregular in form; seeds light colored; flesh light red, pretty firm; promising well for market.

GENERAL SHERMAN (Keech). Medium size, light, rich scarlet red; long, conical; seeds deep set; flavor poor.

GENESEE (Ellwanger and Barry). A cross between Hovey’s Seedling and the Duke of Kent Scarlet.. Large, necked, bright crimson scarlet, and about equal to the Early Scarlet. A luxu- riant grower, and rather late. Said by Fuller to be rather soft and prolific. Fig. in Hort. IX. 221, Thomas’s Fruit Culturist, P- 417. rs

GEORGIA SCARLET. 7 -

GerorGIA MammotH. Medium or small, obtusely conical, dark crimson when ripe; seeds deeply imbedded; flesh very firm, acid, not rich; ripens very late, and this is its only valuable quality. Plant a vigorous, grower; and one of the Iowa class. (Fuller.) Sour, dry, and husky; one of the most worthless. (Prince.)

GERALDINE (Prince). Described as large, obovate, bright scar- let, sweet, and of exquisite flavor. Pistillate.

GERMANIA (Gloede, fils). New, 1869. Figured in Gloede’s Cat- alogue for 1870. Described as very large, oval, clear cherry color; seeds prominent; flesh white, sweet, with a delicious per- fume. Hardy, vigorous, and early.

GERMANTOWN. Syn. of Hovey’s Seedling.

Giant ALPINE (Saunders). Originated near Tedworth, Eng- land, and said to be a cross of one of the Alpines with a Pine.

Catalogue of Varietées. 87.

A prodigious bearer (for an Alpine); dark color, globular, me- dium size, poor flavor.

Grant oF ZuIpwyjk. A new variety from Holland. Said to be large, dark red, highly aromatic, very productive and late, and to make few runners.

Gisss’s SEEDLING BLack (Gibbs). A seedling of the Old Black, which it much resembles, though smaller. Originated in England in 1818. =

Guazep Pine. (Syn. Scarlet Pine-apple, Knott’s Pine.) An old English kind. Variable in shape, generally conical, necked, large, hairy, dark shining scarlet in the sun, paler in the shade; ‘seeds prominent; flesh pale scarlet, firm, with a core; flavor good.

GLosBE (Myatt). Resembles the British Queen in foliage, size, color, and flavor, and is probably a seedling from it. Largest size, globular, very regular and uniform. A good bearer, and of good flavor. :

GLosE (De Jonghe). Large to very large, of a beautiful round or oval shape, crimson red; seeds not deeply sunk; flesh white, or rosy white, juicy, sweet, and a little musky. Plant dwarf, vigorous, productive, and suitable for forcing.

Gtose Haursois. (Syn. Cageron ordinatre, Danish, Antwerp or Musk.) A moderate bearer; fruit nearly spherical, dark pur- ple, [reddish green (Fuller)]; seeds prominent; flesh greenish, firm, with a core; musky, and good.

Giosose CLuster (Prince). Described as large, round, bright scarlet, poor flavor, soft. Vines vigorous and hardy. A seed- ling of the Iowa. Pistillate.

Gioxsose Crimson (Prince). Very large, obtusely conical, crim- son, red flesh, acid, and productive. Pistillate.

GLogpose Scar et (Prince). Little known. Described as large, round, and very productive. Pistillate.

Giososr SwaInsTone (Prince). Described as very large, ob- tuse cone, dull scarlet, very high flavored, and productive.

GrosuLar Hupson’s Bay.

Gore DE St. Gents Lava.

Gioire pu Norp. Alpine sub-varieties.

Guoria (Nicholson). Medium size, conical, or rounded conical with a neck; polished red; seeds prominent; flesh white, firm, juicy,. sweet, and said to. have a piquant Hautbois flavor. Hardy and productive. Ripens middle of the season in Eng- land.

88 Catalogue of Varieties.

Gory oF Zuipwyx. Said to be an exceedingly productive and aromatic berry, and, like the Giant of Zuidwijk, to make very few runners.

Giossy Cone (Durand). New. Little known.

GOLDEN QUEEN. Syn. of Trollope’s Victoria.

‘GoLpEN SEEDED (Read). Medium to large, bluntly conical, sometimes flattened; dark crimson, with prominent yellow seed, making the variety almost unmistakable; sweet, rich and early, though later sometimes than Burrs’s New Pine; but suc- ceeding in only'a few localities. Originated in Canada, and considered by Fuller a seedling of a foreign-variety. Fig. in Fuller, p. 93.

GoLDFINDER (Sclater). Medium to large, variable, bright orange; seeds superficial; flesh rosy white, firm, sweet, juicy, and brisk. Very productive and early. Forces well.

*GoiaTH (Kitleys). A seedling from the British Queen, and originated near Bath, England, about 1848. Large, ovate, not cockscomb. shaped; surface not highly .polished; seeds slightly imbedded; rich red color; flesh solid, with a high vi- nous flavor. Fruit-stalks tall, strong, unusually hairy. The accounts of it in this country are very contradictory. Fuller says it is worthless. Fig. in Hort. VII. 372, and in Album de Pomologie, IV. 78. .

GRANDE MERE DE BOLLWILLER.

GrancE Hupson’s Bay.

Great EASTERN (Stewart and Neilson). Medium to large, long conical, light crimson, firm, acid, not rich, moderately productive. The plants make large stools and few runners. A very good market variety (Fuller). Other authorities give the shape as rounded, color bright rose, and the flesh white. I think there is an American variety of the same name.

GREEN Pro.iric (Boyden). (Syn. Mewark Prolific.) I have fruited this two years, and find it a soft, poor, acid berry, vary- ing between pale crimson and scarlet; flavor miserable; growth very vigorous, and the vinés tolerably productive. Fig. in Fuller, p. 93, and Hort. XXII. 267. | ;

GREEN STRAWBERRY. (Syn. Green Pine, do. Wood, do. Alpine, Fratsier Vert, Powdered Pine.) Fruit small, roundish or de- . pressed, whitish green, and at maturity tinged with reddish brown on the sunny side. Flesh solid, greenish, very juicy, with a peculiar, rich, pine-apple flavor. Ripens late. Little valued or cultivated, being more curious than good. They re-

Catalogue of Varieties. 89 semble in general the Wood strawberries. Leaves light green, much plaited, shy bearers. (Downing.) ‘

Grimstone ScarLet. An English variety. Medium, conical,

. necked, dark scarlet; seeds numerous, unevenly distributed, and imbedded at different depths; flesh solid, pale scarlet; flavor excellent. Leaflets nearly oval, coarsely serrate, hairy, yellowish green. Said to be an abundant bearer.

Grove Enp Scar_eT (Atkinson). An old English kind. Ori- ginated in 1820. Fruit small, round, bright vermilion; seeds sunken; flesh pale red, acid. Early, and an abundant bearer. Fig. in Pom. Mag. I. 7.

GweENIVER (Mrs. Clements). Good sized, often very large, round or cockscombed, bright orange red; seeds little sunken; flesh rosy, juicy, very sweet, and perfumed. Plant hardy and pro- ductive, forcing well.

EL

HAARLEM ORANGE (Dr. Edmondson). Ripens early, and. con- tinues a long time in bearing. Very productive, good size, glossy orange, conical or pine-apple shape; firm; rich flavor. Said to be a great favorite with birds. Tested in France, and’ pronounced pasty, no flavor, and an exceedingly shy bearer.

HAGENBACHIANA. A sub-variety of the Wood strawberry class. |

Haaquin (Haquin). I have cultivated two varieties under this mame; one a very rank, coarse plant, totally worthless; the other not yet in fruit, but looking more promising. Described as large to enormous, obtusely conical or flattened, bright shin- ing rose color; seeds few and prominent; flesh white, with rosy veins; sweet, perfumed, and refreshing. Requires proba- bly a strong, moist, rich soil.

Harrison. Said to be very large, productive, and fine. A chance seedling found in Chester County, Pa. ;

Hatuaway. (Syn. Hathaway's Seedling.) * Large, roundish, obtuse, deep scarlet; seeds yellow and brown; flesh scarlet, juicy, firm, and acid. Vigorous and productive. Raised by B. Hathaway, Little Prairie Ronde, Mich.: :

Havutsois. (Syn. Old Hautbots, Musky do.,.Original do., Die- ctous do., Fragaria Elation.) Medium, roundish ovate; reddish green; flavor musky and strong. Foot-stalks of moderate length, hairy; leaflets medium size, sharply serrate, thin.

90 Catalogue of Varieties.

Fruit-stalks taller than the leaves. Not worth cultivating, the Prolific Hautbois taking its place. Fig. in Duham. IV. 206, 207, 208, 209.

HEtn’s CHERRY PINE.

HEIn’s SCARLET.

Her’s WHITE.

HELENA JAMIN (Jamin and Durand). (Syn. Madume Eliza Champin.) Very large, elongated, square at the end, orange red; seeds sunken; flesh white, sweet, juicy, and brisk. Hardy, productive, and late.

Hewoprigs’s SEEDLING. Large, conical or flattened, orange red; seeds prominent; flesh pure white, firm, juicy, sweet, and. ex- quisite. Plant of the nature of the British Queen, but succeed- ing where that fails. Fruit described as very beautiful.

HERMINE (Prince). Large, obtusely conical, bright crimson, good flavor, late. Said to be vigorous and productive. Pis- tillate. .

Hermosa (Prince). Described as very large, obtusely conical, deep scarlet, pleasant flavor. Pistillate.

Hero (De Jonghe). Fruit large, round or oval, varnished red; seeds little sunken; flesh carmine, or cherry colored; juicy, sweet, and brisk. Hardy, productive, and late. I have found it a moderate grower on a light soil. .

Heroine (Prince). -Large, sweet, fine flavor.

HER Majesty (Mrs. Clements). New, 1867. Described as a superb fruit of very large size, conical, sometimes lobed, shin- ing red crimson, with prominent seeds; flesh white, firm, very sweet, and highly perfumed. Said to be hardy, vigorous,’ and productive. Fig. in Gloede’s Catalogue, 1868-9.

HIGHLAND Cuter. Flesh pale red, soft, rich, and excellent; mildly acid; fruit large, roundish, or roundish ovate, light red; leaf-stalks rough, and very hairy; leatlets obovate, coarsely serrate. Pronounced in England a first-rate sort.

HicHLAND Mary (Cuthill). Fruit large, conical, bright shining red; flesh rosy, juicy, and sour. Hardy and productive.

HiGiey’s EvER-BEARING. Small, long, deep red, poor, sour, and insipid. An Alpine strawberry, probably ever-bearing.

Hirtman. A foreign kind. Medium to large, oval, bright scarlet. , i

Honey.

* HONNEUR DE LA BELGIQUE.

Hooxer (Hooker). Large, short, obtuse conical, nearly globu-

1

Catalogue of Varieties. gt

lar, sweet, and rich; too soft and dark colored for market, but excellent for an amateur. Tender, and always requires pro- tection in winter. Originated in Rochester, N. Y. Tested in France, and pronounced there lacking in sugar. Fig. in Thomas’s Fruit Culturist, p. 418. , * Hoorer’s SEEDLING. Conical and-cockscombed, medium, very -deep crimson, highly glazed; flavor rich and sweet. Thought to be a seedling of Alice Mande. Fig. in Alb. de Pom. IV. 78.

Hovey’s Seepiine (Hovey). (Syn. Germantown, Young's Seedling.) Very large, often measuring five: and a half

: inches in circumference; roundish ovate, slightly conical, with a short neck; never, or very seldom cockscombed; dark shining red; paler when grown in the shade; seeds dark, im- bedded; flesh scarlet, firm, nearly solid, high flavored, and deli- cious. Continues long in bearing. Vines very vigorous, hardy, making many runners; roots fine. Prefers a strong, rich soil; if clayey, better still. Pistillate, and requiring a good fertilizer in the proportion of one staminate, plant to eight or ten Hov- ey’s. A standard market variety. Raised by C. M. Hovey from a cross either of the Methven Scarlet with Keens’s Seed- ling, or of the Mulberry with Keens’s Seedling. First fruited in 1835. A splendid strawberry, whose introduction revolution- ized strawberry culture in this country, and, being a pistillate, caused more discussion than any other new fruit ever intro- duced. The parent of many valuable seedlings, among which. the President Wilder outdoes all that have gone before. | Fig. in Fruits of America, I. 25.

Hupson. (Syn. Hudson's Pine, Hudson's Bay, Late Scarlet, York River Scarlet, American Scarlet.) Medium, conical, fine shining red; seeds variable in size, deeply set; flesh pale scar- let, firm, of a brisk acid flavor. Leaflets concave, bluntly serrate, yellowish above, with conspicuous veins. Runners numerous, brown, and hairy. Flower stems shorter than leaf- stalks. A good bearer in beds, and several years ago considered a good market kind. Erroneously known as Atkinson’s and Hopwood’s Scarlet. :

Hupson’s Earty. New. Said to be very early and promising.

Hupson’s No. 3. New. Untried.

Hupson’s No. 9. New. Said to be very large. |

HuNTSMAN’S FavoriTE (Huntsman). Medium, conical, scarlet, high flavored, and productive.

Huntsman’s PIsTILLATE (Huntsman). Described by the ori-

92 Catalogue of Varieties.

ginator as one of the most productive varieties; fruit large and beautiful, but of very indifferent flavor. -

Huntsman’s Montevipro (Huntsman). Large, bright scarlet, late. Moderately productive. Pistillate. ;

I

Ipa (Cocklin). Erroneously, Miss Zda. Large, slightly conical;: color bright scarlet; acid, but good. Proves hardy and produc- tive, but not equal to the first accounts. Originated in Shep- herdstown, Pa. Pistillate. :

IMoGENE (Prince). Described as large, rounded, light scarlet, very juicy, high flavored, and productive.

IMPERATRICE EuGENIE. Large, conical, bright, glossy rosette, handsome, firm, sweet, perfumed. (Downing.)

IMPERIALE (Duval, fils). Large, heart shaped or flattened, bright orange red; seeds superficial; flesh white, sweet, and brisk. Medium in ripening.

IMPERIAL CriImMSON (Prince). Described as large, rounded con- ical, dark scarlet, or crimson, sweet, sprightly firm, and pro- ductive. Pistillate. ;

IMPERIAL SCARLET (Prince). Described by the originator ‘as large, bright scarlet, firm for market. Stalks upright and strong. Pistillate.

Improvep Havutsois. A sub-variety of the Hautbois family; little known; probably not very different from the ordinary Hautbois. . Y

IMPROVED BLAcK Prince (Toyne). Represented as early, me- dium size, and a good market sort.

‘INCOMPARABLE. Pale; regular shape; flesh soft; flavor worthless.

IpHiceNne (Prince).

Iowa. (Syn. Washington, Early do., Brooks's Prolific.) Large, globular, somewhat compressed; seeds deeply sunk in large depressions ; light orange scarlet; acid, poor, early, productive, and hardy. Much raised in the West for market. A Western seedling. Fig. in Thomas’s Fruit Culturist, p. 418.

Iron Duxe (Graydon). A Canada variety; said to be very large, and wonderfully’ productive. Berries said to have. weighed one and three quarters ounces.

Catalogue of Varieties. 93

J

James VertcH (Gloede). New, 1868. Figured in Gloede’s Cata- logue for 1869, and described as very large, heart shaped, bright vermilion red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, with a central cavity; sweet, perfumed, and having a marked apricot taste.

JAMINETTE. A Belgian strawberry; conical, large, bright red;_ flesh rosy, firm, sweet, and juicy. Said to be one of the most productive of its class.

Janus (Bruant). New. Described as the best of the perpetual strawberries, of good size, handsome, elongated, often lobed. Bears a large crop, according to French authority, from spring till fall. Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue, 1868-9.

JEANNE HacHETTE (Gloede). New, 1867. A handsome, coni- cal fruit, pale rose; seeds brown and prominent; flesh snow white, melting, sweet, and like that of the British Queen. Said to resemble a Chili, but at the same time to be an abun- dant bearer. :

JEANNETTE.

JeNNINGS’s INDIANA.

Jenny Linp (Isaac Fay). Conical, bright scarlet, handsome, glossy, and of very good, sprightly, subacid flavor. A good grower, and productive. One of the standard market kinds grown in the vicinity of Boston. No variety has yet been able to supplant it for an early crop; but-there are several spurious kinds sold as the Jenny Lind, which accounts for some contra- dictory reports.

Jenney’s SzepLine (Jenney). Large, roundish conical, dark, rich red, firm, rich, subacid, and good. A hardy, vigorous, and moderately productive variety, formerly in considerable repute. Late. Originated in New Bedford, Mass., in 1845. Pistillate. The originator has grown thirty-two hundred boxes, on three quarters of an acre. Fig. in Pardee, p. 72.

_ESsigE Reap (Read). Large, roundish conical, light scarlet; flesh soft, sweet, and rich. Originated with W. H. Read, Port Dalhousie, C. W. (Downing.)

Joun Powe. Originated in England at the royal garden at Frogmore. Fruit medium to large, oval, with a very distinct

94 Catalogue of Varieties.

neck; bright shining red; seeds superficial; flesh white, firm, sweet, and perfumed. A long time in fruit.

JOSEPHINE.

Jouna. (Syn. Hauter.)

Jucunpa (Salter). (Syn. Kvzox’s 700.) Large to very large, sometimes obtusely conical and regular, at others cockscombed, bright light scarlet; seeds yellow; flesh pink, very firm, sweet, good, but not very high flavored; often hollow. Vines rather vigorous, making handsome stools if the runners are clipped. Brought prominently before the public, of late years, by Mr. Knox, of Pittsburg. Pa., who has had great success with it. Though not first class in flavor, its beauty and firmness make it a splendid market variety. I have bought vines as Myatt’s Quinquefolia which proved to be Jucunda. Fig. in Hort. XXII. 268.

Juum Gumtor. Very large, globular, shining vermilion red; seeds superficial; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Sea- son medium.

Juxren (Kramer). Handsome, medium, bright scarlet, delicious, and productive.. A seedling of the Peabody. Originated with W. F. Kramer, Dubuque, Iowa.

June Banapoor. Described as large, obtusely conical, crimson; flesh rosy, sweet. Vines hardy and vigorous.

rz

KaminskI (Kaminski). (?) Fruit large or very large, variable in form, bright rose; seeds prominent; flesh white or rosy white, firm, sweet, and perfumed. Hardy, productive, and late.

Kare (Mrs. Clements). A handsome, conical, long-pointed strawberry; bright, glossy red; seeds prominent; flesh red, juicy, sweet, perfumed, and “‘ ¢res-rafraichissante.” Hardy, productive, and very early.

KeeEns’s ImperiaL (Keens). (Syn. Jmferial, Black Imperial, Large Imperial Black, Black Pine, Black Isleworth Pine, Keens’s Black, Keens’s Large Fruited, Keens’s Black Pine.) Raised in England from a seed of a large white Chili, about 1806. Probably an excellent berry for those days, and widely disseminated, as is shown by its numerous synonymes. Large, roundish, blunt point, very dark purplish red next the sun; seeds prominent; flesh not juicy, firm, coarse, and hol-

Catalogue of Varieties. 95

low; flavor tolerably good. Tender. Fig. in Lond. Hort. Soc. Trans. II. ror. *KrEns’s SEEDLING (Keens). (Syn. Keens’s New Pine, Keens’s Black Pine, Murphys Child.) A very famous English straw- berry. Large, round, sometimes cockscombed, purplish crim- son. Said to be tender; excellent for forcing. In this country it is reported as of the highest flavor, a good bearer, and very early. I find it a poor grower, or comparatively poor, in a light soil. Imported into this country in 1826. Fig. in Pom. Mag. II. 91, Rev. Hort. 1864, 470, Jar. Mus. II. Kentucky Srepiinc (Downer). New. Very large, bright scarlet red; flesh firm and white; plants strong and vigorous, with long, stout fruit-stalks. William Parry, in Downing, says, “Large to very large, roundish cqnical, bright scarlet; flesh white, firm, rich, juicy, sweet, and of excellent quality.” ‘Kimper_ey Pine (Kimberley). Large, variable, oval or flattened, with square end; bright red; seeds on the surface; flesh red, very juicy, sweet, and brisk. Very hardy, productive, and late. Kine ArtTuHuR (Mrs. Clements). Large, conical or flattened, bright glossy red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, _brisk. Late. Very hardy and productive. KitLey’s SUPERBA. 4 *Kwnevetr’s New Pine. Roundish, large, second rate, shy bearer. Does not succeed in all soils. Knicuts’s LarGE ScarLet (Capper)., (Syn. Knights’s Scarlet, American do., Great do. do., Hairy-leaved do., Large do., and * (erroneously) Bath do.) An old variety, raised in or near Bir- mingham, England, from American seed. Round, slightly conical, light vermilion, medium size; seeds deep set; flesh white, soft, and pleasant. Not productive. Leaves very large, coarsely serrate, upper side hairy, and of dark shining green. KRAMER’S SEEDLING (Kramer). ‘Fruit deep, dark red, large; seeds small, dark, scattered, slightly sunken; less acid than the Wilson, with a rich, wild-strawberry flavor. Originated near Dubuque, O.

Catalogue of Varieties. 97

*La Lizcroisz. A French strawberry, which, tested in this country, has proved very unproductive. Medium size, bright scarlet, good flavor, and very early.

La MauresqueE (De Jonghe). 1861 or later. (Syn. La Notre.) Medium, oval or conical, reddish brown (very dark when ripe) ; seeds on the surface; flesh blood red, juicy, sweet, with a Haut- bois flayor. Medium in ripening.

La MERVEILLE DE FLANDRES.

La Meuponnalse. (Syn. La Meudonnaise & feutlles de lattue, Triomphe de Hollande.) A sub-variety of the Alpine class, producing fruit the whole season under very high culture. I have had no success with it in-moderately good soil.

La Necresse (Soupert and Notting). Conical, pretty large, dark, but by no means black; sweet and good. A tolerably good grower, which I fruited one or two seasons. Petioles very long, hairy, and reddish. Leaflets deeply serrate, rough, and dull green. Unproductive.

‘LA Paysanne (De Jonghe). 1861 or later. Fruit large, oval,

ale vermilion red; seeds superficial; flesh salmon color, hol- a juicy, neither sweet hor brisk. "Very productive.

La PERLE. 1849 or 1850. Medium, conical, bright red.

La Perire Marie (Boisselot). New, 1867. Described as hand- some, medium, conical, elongated, flattened, bright shining red; flesh red, firm, melting, sweet, and brisk. Hardy, with rather scanty foliage. Very productive. Gloede says it is ‘une fraise par excellence pour les vrais amateurs gourmets.”

La Retne (De Jonghe). 1849 or 1850. Fruit medium, very long and flattened, rosy white; seeds prominent; flesh snow white, firm, sweet, and very rich. Described as a very marked and. distinct variety. A tolerable grower with me in a sandy soil.

La RosBusTE (De Jonghe). 1861 or later. Large or very large, rounded, bright shining red; seeds prominent; flesh red, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Vigorous and productive. Early.

La Ronpe (Robine). Large, regularly round, beautiful vermil- ion; seeds prominent; flesh white, hollow in the centre, juicy, sweet, and good. Early.

La Rustique (De Jonghe). 1861 or later. Large, oval, eloh- gated, a little contracted at the base, bright red; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Season medium. Good bearer.

La Savorevse (De Jonghe). 1857 or 1858. Large, oval, pointed, shining cherry red; flesh white, solid, sweet, very

7

98 ‘Catalogue of Varieties.

agreeable, and of a well-pronounced flavor. Hardy and pro- ductive.

La Suttannz (Dr. Nicaise). Seedling of Prince Arthur. Large, conical, very light red; seeds brown, slightly imbedded; flesh white, with an abundance of sweet and perfumed juice, This has sometimes been sold for, or confounded with La Con- stante.

*La -VERSAILLAISE. Very large, oblong, bright scarlet; flesh reddish, firm, juicy, and sweet. :

Lapies’ Aromatic (Prince). Seedling of the Ladies’ Pine, but | larger, round, pale scarlet, sweet, aromatic, exquisite flavor. Hardy, productive, and pistillaté.

Lavies’ Favorire (Prince).

Lanies’ Pine (Read). Small to medium, round, pale orange scarlet, slightly crimson in the sun; seeds prominent; flesh soft, sweet and rich, and called by Fuller ‘ probably the most delicious flavored variety known.” Requires high culture. Unproductive and pistillate. Originated in Canada, and said ‘to be a seedling of Burr’s Pine.

Lapy, TuE (Underhill). Large to very large, round or flattened, rosy white, brighter near the calyx; seeds superficial: flesh snow white, tender, sweet, and perfumed. Vigorous, produc-. tive, and very late. Its color makes it a very distinct variety.

Lapy’s FINGER (Prosser). Medium, elongated, conical; color brilliant dark scarlet; seeds set in an open cavity; flesh very firm, subacid, good; plant vigorous and productive. Origi- © nated with Benjamin Prosser, Burlington, N. J. (Fuller.) Fig. in Fuller, p. 95.

Lapy’s Fincer. An English variety; described as oblong, orange scarlet; flesh white, sweet, and high flavored. Vines vigorous and productive.

Lapy or THE Lake (Scott). Large, rather uneven, conical, dark red; seeds deep set; flesh pretty firm, not of the highest flavor, but good. Plants very vigorous, hardy, and with the originator astonishingly productive. Pistillate. I have fruited this one season, and do not think it a very choice amateur “berry; but it is fast working into favor with the market-men. Originated in Brighton, Mass. A cross of Prince Albert and Brighton Pine. Originated in 1862. Fig. in Tilton’s Jour. of Hort. IV. 93.

Larayette. <A Syn. of Prolific Hautbois.

Catalogue of Varieties. ° | 99

Larce Biack SEEDLING. Large, roundish, second quality. Late. An old English kind.

LarGe BiusH Cuiri. Large, ovate, third rate, and late.

Larce Criimax (Prince). Large, obtusely conical, bright deep scarlet; flesh white, sweet, of very good flavor. Plant vigor- ous, hardy, and productive. Belongs to the Iowa class.

Larce EARLY ScarLer. (Syn. Early Virginia.) Medium, oval, regular, bright scarlet; flesh tender, rich, sweet, and good. Very early. The Native Scarlet, the presumed parent of this variety, is a few days later. Fig. in Thomas’s Fruit Culturist, p. 418.

Larce Friar Hautsois. (Syn. White, Bath, Formosa, — not to be confounded with the New Formosa of Dr. Nicaise, — Sai- ter’s, Loudon’s, Weymouth.) WRoundish, depressed, light red, pale on the under side; flesh greenish, no core, delicious flavor, but perhaps inferior to the Prolific Hautbois. Seeds imbedded. An old variety, rather late, and a good. bearer.

* Late ProuiFic (Burr). Good size, rich, and excellent. Vines vigorous and hardy. Extremely late. Pistillate. ‘

LaurRELLA. According to Downing, fruit large, broadly conical, scarlet; seeds yellowish brown; flesh soft, pink, acid; accord- ing to others, sourer than the Wilson. Pistillate.

Lawrencia (Prince). Described as large, bright scarlet, ob- tusely conical, fine flavor, and productive. Pistillate.

Le Baron (Prince). A seedling from the Swainstone. Medium to large, obtusely conical, dark red; flesh soft, sweet, and high flavored. Not productive, but vigorous and hardy.

Leeps’s Proxiric. Medium, light scarlet. -

Lennic’s WHITE (Lennig). (Syn. White Pine-apple, Albion White, Albino, White Albany.) Often incorrectly spelled Len- nizgs. An American variety, and the best of all white straw- berries. Thought by some inferior in flavor to Bicton Pine; but the latter cannot compare in vigor or productiveness with Lennig’s, which, if kept in rows with the runners clipped, gives avery goodicrop. Fruit medium to large, roundish, conical, very obtuse or compressed, rosy on the sunny side, pure white on the other. Seeds conspicuous; flesh melting, delicious, and pine-apple flavor. Said tobe a seedling of the Wilson, but this seems very improbable.

- LEONcE DE LAMBERTYE (De Jonghe). 1861 or later. Named probably for M. le Comte Lambertye, the author of an elaborate French work on strawberries. Large, conical, a little flattened

Sa

100 Catalogue of Varieties. s

on the end, varnished red; seeds superficial; flesh firm, rosy white, abounding in juice, sweet, and very sprightly. Phase: tive, and ripens at midseason.

Leon pre St. Laumer (Dupuy Jamin). Large, conical, bright pale scarlet; flesh carmine, rich, juicy, and sweet. Moderately productive. I have not fruited this variety, but it made with me a splendid growth last season, in a soil where the Scarlet

_ Pine grew feebly, and the Filbert Pine almost refused to grow.

Leopotp I. A Belgian variety of medium size, dark color; seeds prominent, fine; sweet flavor, but only a moderate bearer.

LEwIsHAM Scanuer, (Syn. Scarlet Cluster.) Fruit roundish, small, with short neck; purplish red, growing in clusters, slightly hairy; flesh scarlet, firm, solid, of moderate flavor. Leaves small, flat, yellowish green. English, said to bear well

LitTLeE Monitor. Small, roundish, obtuse conical.

*Lizziz RANDOLPH. Medium, roundish, light crimson, poor flavor. Pistillate.

Lonc-FRUITED MuscaTELLE. An old, very small, and poor Hautbois strawberry.

Lone Scaruer. (Syn. Padley’s Early Scarlet, Oblong Scarlet.). Fruit large, oblong, with a long glossy neck, bright light scar- let; seeds few and sunken. Leaves numerous; foot-stalks hairy. Leaflets small, dark shining green.

Lone STEM.

LoncGwortnH’s Prouiric (Schneicke). (Syn. Schueicke’s Her- maphrodite.) (?) Large, roundish, broad at base, light crim- son; flesh firm, scarlet (with numerous rays, the remains of the filaments. Downing), briskly acid, good. Vigorous and pro- ductive. Leaves large, broad, wavy, on long, stout foot-stalks. Originated in Cincinnati, O., in 1848, and was once rather a famous kind. Probably little cultivated now.

Lorp CLypEe (Dean). This was considered at home, when it was introduced, the best novelty among English kinds after John Powell.

Lorp. Murray (Stewart and Neilson).

Lorp SPENCER.

Lorenzo Bootu (De Jonghe). ,1857 or 1858. Large, oval, bright gvossy red; flesh dark crimson, solid, sweet, and sprightly. Said to be hardy, and very early. Other authority gives the color of the flesh cherry red.

Lorio. (Syn. Lorio Pine.) Large, obtusely conical, rich, clear

‘dark red; flesh reddish, juicy, vinous, and sweet.

Catalogue of Varieties. TOL

Louris ViLMorIN (Robine). Large, regularly conical or heart- shaped, beautiful bright red; seeds prominent, or but little sunken; flesh firm, rosy, juicy, sprightly, not very sweet. Leaves dark green. Said to force well. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1865, 391.

Lucas (De Jonghe). Large, roundish, oval, glossy crimson; ‘flesh hard, firm, and crisp. A very good grower with me, and much of the type of Jucunda, but a better fruit. Said to force well. The flesh is remarkable for its firmness.

Lucipa Perrecra (Gloede). A magnificent dwarf plant, with large, dark, shining leaves, looking as if varnished. Petioles red and short. A conspicuous plant, and readily identified among a hundred. Berries round, clinging to the calyx; light

‘ salmon color, very sweet and good, but not large or numerous. Very late, some berries remaining on in 1867, up to July 25. Said to be a cross of a Chili and the Fragaria Lucida of Cali- fornia.

’Lucrz (Boisselot). Large, variable, good, but by no means best. Said to be hardy and late, and though a Chili strawberry, pro- ductive.

Lucy Fircn.

Luscious ScartetT (Prince). Described as large, rounded, dark scarlet, prroductive, and good. Pistillate.

Luxurtanr (Durand). New. American. Described as large, flattened, globose, uniform, of good flavor, and very sweet.

Lynepocu SEEDLING. An old strawberry. Medium, ovate, second quality, late.

WM

Macey’s SEEDLING.

Mapame Bat (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Plant moderately strong, hardy, and productive. Leaf-stalks short and strong; leaves deep green, with little lustre, horizontal, and deeply in- cised.. Fruit conical, medium to large, varnished red: Inte- rior of the berry flesh colored, juicy, vinous, and brisk-flavored.

Mapame Cotionce (Graindorge). Large, round or lobed, pale red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy, hollow, dry, not very sweet, and poor. ‘Vines vigorous and hardy. I have fruited this several seasons. It has been advertised as Madame Col-

102 Catalogue of Varieties.

loque and Madame Cologne. Worthless. Fig. in Rev. Hort. VIII. 415.

Mapame Exiza VitmMorin (Gloede). A Chili strawberry. Large or very large, rounded or lobed, bright rose; seeds prom- inent; flesh white, juicy, very sweet, and exquisitely perfumed,

‘Vigorous, hardy, and late. :

MapaMeE Jacops (De Jonghe). New, 1869. Of moderate growth, leaves small, almost round, dull green, deeply incised. Fruit oval or round, shining orange red; seeds in shallow cavi- ties; interior of the berry between flesh color and cherry; juice abundant, piquant, and brisk flavored.

Mapame Lovesse (Graindorge). First berries’ cockscomhbed ; second, roundish oval, very light red; seeds reddish, deep set; flesh a little hollow, rosy, sweet, a little pasty, delicate, not

_ acid. Fig. in Rev. Hort. VIII. 414. .

Mapame Mavusacu (De Jonghe). New, not yet sent out. .

MacniFicent (Prince). Described as very large, obtusely con- ical, light scarlet, good. Pistillate.

Macnirique. ;

MAGNIFIQUE DE MOULINET.

*Macnum Bonum (Barrat). A variety of the British Queen class, but hardier and more productive than the type. Fruit large, form variable, rosy orange; seeds prominent; flesh pure

-.white, firm, sweet, juicy, and perfumed.

Maip oF THE LAKE. New, little known. Said to be promising.

Matvina (Prince). A seedling from Hovey’s Seedling. De- scribed by the originator as more productive (?), brighter color, better flavor; and one week earlier, than its parent. Little known.

MammotsH (Myatt). Largest size, cockscomb, bright crimson. In this country it is very large, crimson in the sun, white in the shade, flavor bad, nearly tasteless. Called a shy bearer. Said by one amateur to set forty per cent of its flowers. Fig. in Flore des Serres, V. 504.

Marcuerite (Lebreton). Fruit large to enormous, some berries weighing nearly one and one third ounces; of beautiful long conical shape; light bright shining red; seeds sunken; flesh bright orange, juicy; sweet, not high flavored. It fruited with me in poor soil and was handsome, but not first class. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1861, 310.

Marie AMELIE (Plée). Fruit large, obtusely conical, bright vermilion red; seeds sunken; flesh rosy, sweet, brisk flavored,

Catalogue of Varteties. 103

Hardy and productive, something like the Princesse Royale. A hybrid, of which the Elton was one parent. Originated in 1846.

Marie Louise (Dr. Nicaise). Fruit very large and beautiful, elongated, heart shaped, sometimes flattened, deep vermilion; seeds scattered and prominent; flesh rosy, sweet, and perfumed ; like La Chalonnaise.

MARQUISE DE LATouR-MauBourG (Jamine and Durand). (Syn. Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, and Duchesse de Trevise.) Fruit variable in size and form, vermilion red; seeds promi- nent; flesh rosy white, sweet, perfumed, and good. Hardy and productive, but gives only one picking of large berries. At. least this is its reputation abroad; but Fuller says it is second to none of the foreign varieties.

Mary.

MarRYLANDICA (Edmondson). Large, dark crimson; flesh solid and firm, ‘“‘cuts like a pear;” bears transportation well; flavor rich. <A strong growing American seedling which has been tested in France, and found second rate there. Originated in Maryland.

May QueEEN (Nicholson). Medium or small, rounded, pale scarlet; flesh white, sweet, very highly perfumed. A very early strawberry, but neither so early nor so good as the Old Early Scarlet. :

McAvoy’s Extra Rep (McAvoy). Large, roundish, scarlet; seeds sometimes yellowish; flesh yellowish, slightly stained with red; flavor subacid. Pistillate, and very productive. Ex- eedingly acid, according to Downing.

McAvoy’s Superior (McAvoy). (Syn. McAvoy’s No. 12, Bue \ falo, General McClellan.) Large to very large, irregular; color varying from a light to a deep brilliant crimson; seeds crim- son, sometimes yellow; flesh dark red, soft, differing in differ- ent soils; sometimes exquisite, sometimes insipid. Vigorous and productive. Pistillate. A somewhat noted variety sixteen or seventeen years ago; and now occasionally brought forward under anew name. Fig. in Hort. VIII. 392. Origirated, like

‘the above, in Cincinnati, on Mr. Longworth’s grounds.

McAvoy’s No. 1 (McAvoy). Large, roundish, deep scarlet; seeds light crimson, and sunk rather deep; flesh whitish, stained with red, agreeable, and good. An abundant bearer.

MeEanp’s ‘SEEDLING (Mead). Medium to large, conical, often flattened; seeds conspicuous, light bright scarlet, firm, acid,

104 Catalogue of Varieties. and unprodictive. Pistillate. I fruited it one season and found it a pretty berry, but too sour. Fig. in Hort. XXII. 195.

Me.anctuon (Prince). Described as larger than Hovey’s (?); conical, crimson, good flavor, and- productive.

Meanie (Prince). Described as large, conical, deep scarlet, hardy, and excellent. Pistillate.

MELINDA (Prince). Described as early, large, purse-shaped, - scarlet, good flavor, productive. Pistillate..

MeE.ius (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit large, flattened, trun- cated, often larger at the summit than the base, bright red; seeds prominent, distant; flesh white, sprightly, perfumed. '

_ Vines small, vigorous, leaves not abundant.

MeEton. Medium, roundish, dark. A Scotch variety long since superseded.

MENAGERE (De Jonghe). Large, very long, flattened, bright red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy, sweet, firm, brisk. Late, and long in bearing.

METcALF’s EARLY (Metcalf). Small to medium, ovate conical, with long neck; dull scarlet; flesh firm, of fair flavor. Not so early, and not ‘so good, as the Jenny Lind. Overpraised, and

a great failure. Originated in Niles, Michigan. :

* METHVEN SCARLET (Bishop). (Syn. Methven Castle, South- ampton Scarlet.) Large, heart shaped or cockscombed, the later fruit conical; dark scarlet; seeds pale yellow, not deep sunk; flesh scarlet, hollow, poor. Originated in England in 1816, and possibly one of the parents of Hovey’s Seedling. : Pistillate. é i

MEXICAN EVER-BEARING. This is a distinct variety (Fragaria: Mexicana. Syn. F. Gilmannii, Clinton) of the Fragaria Vesca, distinguished by a leaf on the runner. It has been recently. brought forward as very valuable, but will probably prove of” no more worth than the Old Red Alpine.

MicuiGan. Described as a seedling of the Wilson, and ten days later than that variety, and of better quality. Hardy and vig- orous. Fig. in Tilton’s Jour. Hort. VII. 155.

Minerva (Prince). Said by the originator to be an enormous bearer. Little known.

Miss Coutts (De Jonghe). New. Of moderate growth, leaves roundish, dull green. Fruit conical, above medium, regular, . pale, shining cherry red; seeds numerous, slightly sunken; flesh firm, white, juicy, vinous, and brisk flavored.

MopELE (De Jonghe).

Catalogue of Varieties. 105

Monrtor (Fuller). Large, roundish conical, bright scarlet; flesh solid, firm, too acid with me to be agreeable; high fla- vored. Vigorous, and moderately productive. Fig. in Hort. XVII. 418.

Monroe Scarvet (Ellwanger and Barry). Medium to large, roundish, light scarlet, of good flavor. Hardy, and very pro- ductive; has succeeded well in France. Pistillate. A cross of Hovey’s and the Duke of Kent. Fig. in Hort. IX. 221.

Monstrous HavtBois. A comparatively new variety. Said to be large and fine. Two kinds have been sold under this name; one of them, according to Fuller, not a Hautbois at all.

MoNsTRUEUSE DE Rosine (Robine). (?) Very large, irregular, scarlet red; seeds sunken; flesh rosy, hollow, brisk flavored, not sweet or juicy. Hardy and vigorous. Unproductive, and a poor setter. Possibly a Chili.

Montrose (Prince).

MorcGan SEEDLING (Morgan). Known to-me only as a variety which took a prize as the best market variety at a fruit growers’ meeting, held at Rochester, N. Y., in 1866.

“MorRIsANIA SCARLET. Fruit in clusters, round, small, shining dark red; flesh whitish,-soft, poor. A good bearer and early. MotrTier’s SEEDLING (Mottier). (?) Large, acid, productive.

American:(?).

Mount Vesuvius. Described as a long, handsome berry of me- dium quality, and a good bearer.

MoyaMEnsinc (Schmitz). Medium to large, broadly conical, deep crimson; seeds numerous, deeply imbedded; flesh red, rather firm, pretty briskly acid; much like Hudson. Moder- ately vigorous and productive. Pistillate. Raised by Gerhard Schmitz, of Philadelphia. (Downing.)

-Mr. RapcLyrre (Ingram). New, 1867. Figured in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1868-9, and there described as of the largest size, form variable (figured as long, of pretty uniform thickness, round at the end); bright orange red; seeds prominent; flesh pure white, firm, and melting, with a delicious pine-apple flavor.

Mrs. Grant. A new white seedling.

Mrs. WILDER (De Jonghe). New, 1868. Flattened cone, deep varnished red; flesh firm, of a cherry or flesh color; juicy, sweet, and brisk. Vigorous, productive, and good.

Mrs. D. NetLson (Stewart and Neilson). Large, variable, orange scarlet, juicy, sweet, high flavored. Vigorous, produc- tive, and very late.

106 Catalogue of Varieties. SS

Mutserry. (Syn. Mahone, Cherokee King, erroneously Suri- nam.) An old variety; shy bearer and late. Medium, ovate, with a short neck; dark purplish red; seeds slightly im- bedded; flesh red, soft, coarse, with large core, and only mod- erately good. Plant dwarf.

MuscapDIn DE LizGE (Lorio). Fruit large, variable, purplish red; seeds prominent; flesh delicate, sweet, and perfumed. Vines very hardy and productive.

Myatt’s Prnz-appLe (Myatt). (Syn. Myati’s Pine.) (?) Fruit very large, variable, bright rose; seeds prominent; flesh yel- lowish white, firm, juicy, with a sweet, rich pine-apple flavor. Tender in some soils, and a shy bearer, but recommended to amateurs as a fruit of the first quality.

Myatt’s Protiric (Myatt). Large, resembling Myatt’s Eleanor, but more pointed; light, glossy scarlet, sweet, and rich. Not very prolific in this country.

Myartr’s Protiric Hautsois. Large, conical, rounding to both ends, dull deep pink; on one side nearly white; flesh very sweet with a peculiar musky flavor.

IN

Nairns SEEDLING (Nairns). Moderate size, ovate, irregular, sometimes with a short neck; deep, rich shining red; seeds deeply imbedded; flesh pale scarlet, firm, with a core, not rich. A good bearer, and late. Originated in England in 1819.

Naimette (Lorio). :

Naomi. Medium, roundish oval, quite deep scarlet; flesh white, sweet, soft, not high flavored. An accidental American seed- ling. (Downing.) ;

Naporeon (Lorio). Large, roundish, light cléar red or scarlet; flesh firm, juicy, and sweet. Belgian. ;

Naroteon III. (Gloede). Fruit very large, flattened or cocks- combed; described variously as rosy red, brilliant, crimson, light scarlet, and bright orange; seeds yellow or reddish, little sunk; flesh very firm, white, sweet, and delicious. The ¢rwe Napoleon III. is doubtless a splendid and valuable berry; but the Austin has been sold in this country as the Napoleon, and probably other varieties have been substituted. I have fruited two kinds sold as Napoleon III.; one a large, conical, dark colored, and very fine strawberry; the other a handsome, rank

Catalogue of Varieties. 107

grower, with a few small to medium, light red, pasty, and taste- less berries; but I think not the Austin. Fig. in Rev. Hort. I. 7o.

NARROW-LEAVED SCARLET (Knight). A cross of Knight’s Large Scarlet and the Old Black. “Medium, conical, with neck, hairy, uniform bright scarlet; seeds projecting; flesh firm, solid, pale scarlet, tglerably rich. A good bearer, and late.

NATHALIE.

*NecKED Ping. (Syn. Unigue Prairie, Pine-apple.) An old variety. Conical, with a neck or shoulder; scarlet, early, and a great bearer. Flesh tender, sprightly, acid. Pistillate. American.

Necro. Described as large and sweet; nearly tank:

NERo.

Ne Pius UttrA (De Jonghe). Fruit large to monstrous, varia- ble, dark purple red; flesh red, juicy, not sweet, ‘but brisk. Vigorous and productive. Early. Good for preserving.

Newark Prouiric (Brill). Described as late, and of good flavor.

NEWLAND. See Gumian,

NEwLAND’s MammoTH ALPINE (Newland). Brought forward some years ago as a great acquisition. Now unheard of, and _probably nothing but the Old Red Alpine. Its place seems to be filled just now by the Mexican Ever-bearing.

Newton SEEDLING (Challoner). Large, handsome, conical, regular, bright shining red; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Plant hardy and productive, but demands a strong, rich, moist or well irrigated soil.

New Jersey (Durand). New. Described as conical, crimson white fleshed, good, and showy.

New Jersey ScarRLeT. Medium, conical, with long neck; bright scarlet; flesh moderately firm, sprightly flavor, and good. Suc- .ceeds in sandy soil. Originated near Burlington. Fig. in Fuller, p. 97.

Nicanor (Ellwanger and Barry). A seedling of the Triomphe. Originated about 1861. Medium to large, regular, and even rounded; cockscombed ; glossy, bright deep scarlet; seeds dark, not very deep sunk; flesh reddish, rich, sweet, and high fla- vored; truss with long foot-stalks, and usually from eighteen to twenty-four berries on a truss. Leaf large, broad oval, deep pea-green color, and deeply serrate. More uniform in size

108 Catalogue of Varieties.

than the Wilson, and ripens more gradually. Fig. in Hort. XXII. 273. 7 :

NicHotson’s Surerg (Nicholson).

*Nimrop (Lucombe, Pince & Co.) Oblong, conical, same color as the British Queen; sweeter, richer, and hardier than that variety. Forces well. Said to be very much like Elphinstone’s Adair. |

Nownsucu (Robertson). Medium, round, shining purple red; seeds very prominent; flesh red, juicy, sweet, very highly per- fumed. Moderate grower and bearer. Very late.

o)

Onto Mammotu (Burr). A cross of Burr’s Seedling and Hov- ey’s. Fruit very large, long conical, angular, light red, sweet,

_ and excellent; foliage large; plants vigorous, hardy, and pro-

* ductive.

Otp Brack. (Syn. Black Canterbury, Black Pine, Black Beacon, Turkey Pine, Mulberry.) Medium, conical, elongated,

pointed, with a neck; hairy, and very dark purple red next the - sun; seeds same color; pale, with yellow seed on the shady .

side; flesh firm, with a core, scarlet, buttery, rich, and very high flavored. Leaflets very small, oval, blunt, serrate, very

thin, shining light green. An old and tender English variety. :4

tN,

Op Joun Brown (Schroeder). Described as a cross between .

Wilson’s Albany anda Chili. Broadly conical, pointed, light crimson; flesh tender, sweetish, fine flavored. Originated in Bloomington, IIl., and first fruited in 1859.

Op Ping. (Syn. Pine, Carolina, Scarlet Pine, Old Scarlet do,

Old Carolina do., Large do., Miss Gunning’s, North's Seed- ling, Devonshire Scarlet Pine, Blood Pine, Kew do., Varnished do., Windsor do., Cockscombed do., Regent's Favortte, Barham Down. Erroneously, Black Pine, Surinam, and Bath Scarlet.)

Large, ovate, with a neck; conical compressed, slightly hairy, |

uniform bright scarlet; seeds slightly sunken; éarly fruit cocks-

combed; flesh pale scarlet, rich, juicy, high flavored, the largest - fruit hollow. A famous old kind. American. Its numerous. synonymes show its former popularity. Prefers a clay soil. -

Fig. in Pom. Mag. I. 47. Omer Pacua (Ward). Large, regular and handsome, pale scar- let, somewhat cockscombed, with a refreshing flavor, like

Catalogue of Varieties. 109

British Queen. Often confounded with Myatt’s Eliza, and by some said to be undistinguishable from the Rival Queen.

Onarca (Owens). New. Roundish conical, bright scarlet; flesh solid and white, with a rich, wild flavor; highly perfumed. A very large-leaved, tall, strong growing variety. Originated in Onarga, IIl.

OnonpaGa {Ford). A cross between the Victoria and Hovey’s. Large, soft, good flavor, considered promising.

ONE-LEAVED STRAWBERRY. (Syn. Fragaria Monoplytia) An Alpine strawberry similar to the Green Alpine. Leaves simple, not divided. Fig. in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, II. 63, and in Duhamel, VI. 342. Fuller, with whom a similar strawberry. has orginated, says probably ‘not in cultivation, but it is adver- tised in the late French catalogues.

OPHELIA (Prince). Described as sweet and pleasant. Said to be a seedling from the Scarlet Magnate. Best if grown in stools, and an excellent fertilizer for pistillate kinds.

ORANGE OR ORANGE Pine. Syn. of Hudson’s Bay.

OranGeE Pro.iric (Ellwanger and Barry). “Large, roundish, somewhat oblate, often necked, deep crimson; seeds deeply sunken; flesh rather firm, brisk, acid. Originated i in Roches- ter, N. Y. _

Ors (Nicholson). Round, very light colored, sweet, rich, and good. Plants dwarf, of peculiar growth, the leaflets being a little folded. I have fruited this three seasons, and consider it the poorest bearer I know. Probaply not one flower in twenty sets a berry.

ORNEMENT DES TABLES (Soupert and Notting). Fruit. large, oval or flattened, bright red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy,

‘firm, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Hardy and vigorous. De- scribed by Gloéde as an excellent'berry.

OsBanp’s MamMoru.

Oscar (Bradley). Large, ovate, angular, sometimes cocks- combed; seeds variable ; color from very dark red to mulberry; flesh described both as rosy white and as red;..solid and firm; juicy, and of rich flavor. In this country a poor grower, and unproductive. Fig. in L’Illustration Horticole, VI. 223.

OTHELLO (Mrs. Clements). New; 1868. Medium, oval or round; brilliant purplish red; deeper when perfectly ripe; seeds on the surface; flesh red, firm, sweet, juicy, and brisk.

OTTOLANDER’S PERPETUAL. New. Said to be an ever-bearing strawberry, superior to Gloede’s, very aromatic, and bearing till frost. |

110 Catalogue of Varieties.

P

Pacr’s SEEDLING (Page). Good size, conical, dark colored; flesh rather soft, but of good flavor. Early.

PaLaTIneE (Prince). Described as very large, obtusely conical, scarlet, juicy, and productive. Pistillate.

Patmée (Vibert). :

Patmyre (Berger). Large, obtusely conical, pale rose; seeds prominent; flesh rosy white, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Mid- dling early, hardy, and productive.

PassE-PartoutT (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit very large; the first large and flattened, the others more elongated; deep varnished red; seeds distant, almost black, not prominent; flesh red, veined with white, sugary, and perfumed; slightly acid. Plant semi-dwarf, with very deep green leaves. Very: late. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 270.

*Patrick. Large, elongated, bright red; seeds imbedded; flesh rosy white, hollow, sweet, and juicy. Early.

Pautrna (Prince). Described as obtusely conical, crimson, and sweet. Pistillate. 3

Pauine (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit large, elongated, deep varnished red; flesh red, juicy, sugary, brisk, and very good. Plant vigorous, leaves shining green. Very productive.

PavuLine (Prince). Very large, obovate, bright scarlet, acidu- late; good flavor, late. Vigorous, hardy, and productive.. Pis- tillate.

Pau.inus (Prince). Described as large, conical, bright scarlet, and productive. Pistillate.

Prasopy (Peabody). (Syn. Peabody Seedling, New Hautbois) Conical or cockscombed, deep crimson; flesh sweet and dry, lacking high flavor. Does not set well. ‘Introduced some years ago with high praise, but has proved an utter failure. Down ing ae “flesh firm, sweet, melting,- juicy, with a pine-apple: flavor.” Originated in Columbus, Ga.

PEAK’s EMPEROR (Peak). Firm, conical, symmetrical,. some- what cockscombed, dark crimson, and very large. Plant like the Agriculturist, hardy and productive. South Bend, Indiana.

PENELOPE (Dr. Nicaise). “New, 1868. Fruit very large, rounded, sometimes flattened; clear red; seeds small, distant, somewhat

Catalogue of Varieties. 111

__ prominent; flesh salmon color, juicy, and slightly acid. Plant

" dwarf, hardy, and productive. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 270.

PENNSYLVANIA (Schmitz). (Syn. Pennusylvanica.) (?) A seed~- ling of the Moyamensing. Large, broad conical, dark crimson; seeds yellow; flesh red, of fine flavor. Leaves large, and very dark green. Pistillate, and in fruit similar to its parent. |

PERFECTION (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Fruit large or very large, lobed or conical, regular, very deep red (purplish in col- ored engraving); seeds in regular rows, of a bright red, which contrasts with the color of the berry; flesh rosy white, sugary, and perfumed, recalling the flavor of the Brune de Gilbert. Plant vigorous and hardy, and in some respects resembling Marguerite. Fig. in Rev. Hort. 1869, 270.

PERFUMED CONE.

PERFUMED Pine (Prince). A seedling of Burr’s Pine. De- scribed by the originator as obtusely conical, very large, bright scarlet, juicy, high flavored. Vines vigorous and hardy.

PERFUMED SCARLET (Prince). Described as medium, rounded, light scarlet, and high flavored. Pistillate.

PERPETUAL PINE (Gloede). See ANANAS, PERPETUEL.

PERPETUELLE DU Poirou. Given in the French list as a sub- variety of the Alpine class. .

Perry’s SEEDLING (Perry). Medium to large, globular, with a slight neck; bright crimson; sweet, rich, and sprightly. Origi- nated in Georgetown, Conn. Fig. in Fuller, p. 98.

PHILADELPHIA. Medium to large, uniformly conical, bright scar- let, moderately firm. Very early and productive. :

Puasus (Dr. Nicaise). Very large, elongated, flattened at summit, clear red; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet; seeds brown._A splendid berry. Plant vigorous and productive, with erect leaves.

Pirmaston Biack (Williams). (Syn. Late Pitmaston Black.) Originated in England in 1808. A seedling of the Old Black. Resembles its parent, but tender, and a shy grower. |

Pirmaston Brack Scarier. (Syn. Zarly Pitmaston Black.) Medium, oblong, with neck; dark purple red, slightly hairy; seeds dark purple on one side, yellow on the other; not deeply set; flesh scarlet, with small core; tender, sweet, and pleasantly acid, with a Roseberry flavor. Productive.

PLOVER (Nicholson). Described as medium size, rich. scarlet, with a very rich, luscious, Hautbois flavor. A good bearer.

PREMIER (Ruffet). (Syn. British Green Seedling.) Very large,

IZ Catalogue of Varieties.

oval or round, beautiful shining vermilion red; flesh white, with rosy veins; sweet and perfumed. With me, a very splendid.’ grower in light soil.

PRESIDENT (Green). Large or very large, beautiful round form, ° oval or lobed, bright red; seeds prominent; interior flesh col- ored; juicy and sweet. Vigorous, productive, and forces well. English. (?)

PRESIDENT, OR PRESIDENT LINCOLN (Plattman). American. New, and little known.

PRESIDENT WILDER (De Jonghe). New, 1868. Figured in the foreign catalogues for 1868-9, and described as large, oval or conical, with a long and very distinct neck; varnished crimson. red; seeds yellowand prominent; flesh firm, red, veined with rose, sweet, and perfumed. Vines dwarf, hardy, very produce, tive, and late. Said to surpass La Constante. The shape is very different from that of the next variety.

PRESIDENT WILDER (Wilder). A cross of La Constante and Hovey’s Seedling, and retaining the good qualities of both va- rieties. Fruit large to very large, many specimens in 1868 and

1869 weighing an ounce each; roundish, obtusely conical;-- always uniform and regular; bright crimson scarlet; seeds yel- low, and near the surface; flesh rosy white, firm, juicy, rich, and exquisitely flavored with a faint, hardly perceptible, Haut- bois taste. The plant is of dwarf, compact habit, with strong, healthy leaves on stout foot-stalks; vigorous and productive. ¢ One year old plants, not allowed to make runners, sometimes’ send up four fruit-stalks. -The foliage resembles that of the Hovey more than that of La Constante, and in the nine years’ trial it has had, has never burned. The fruit borrows its shape, and much of its beauty, from La Constante, and it is alrnost im- possible to find a misshapen berry. My first plants were set in only moderately good soil, September 21, 1868, and they gave me a very good crop in 1869. It originated with M. P. Wilder,

- of Dorchester, Mass., in 1861, and was selected as the best re- sult he has obtained from many thousand seedlings in thirty years’ continual experimenting, and is the most promising new strawberry now before the public. Fig. in Tilton’s Jour. of Hort. 1869, p- 1.

PRIMATE (Prince). Conical, crimson, moderate flavor, showy market berry. A good setter, and very productive.’

Primorp1an (Prince). Large, conical, deep scarlet. Pistillate.

* PRINCE ALBERT. ;

Catalogue of Varieties. 113, u

Prince ALFRED (Ingram). Very large, heart shaped, beautiful purplish red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Plants dwarf, very moderate growers, and very late.

Prince ARTHUR (Ingram). Medium, handsome, oval or coni- cal, rosy salmon; seeds prominent; flesh white, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Hardy, productive, andearly. |

Prince ArtTHUR (Wilmot). Large or very large, variable, bright rose; seeds on the surface; flesh pure white, firm, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Productive, but demands very careful cultiva- tion. Late.

Prince Grorce (Nicholson). Large to very large, regularly round; seeds brown and prominent; flesh yellowish white, buttery, sweet, and exquisite. Vigorous, hardy, and middling early. : d :

Prince ImperraL (Graindorge). Medium, variable, bright glossy red; seeds prominént; flesh rosy, delicate, sweet, and perfumed. Hardy, productive, very early, and forces well. —

PRINCE OF ARGENTINE. New, and little known. —

* PRINCE OF ORLEANS. Medium, tender, rather pleasant flavor. Accounts vary as to its productiveness.

*Princg oF Wares (Cuthill). Large, conical, vermilion red; seeds on the. surface; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, and somewhat acid. Hardy, productive, and very late.

PRINCE OF WaLzes (Ingram). Very large, oval or elongated,

' bright red; flesh rosy,.juicy, sweet, and brisk. Hardy, produc- tive, and early.

PRINCE OF WALES (Stewart and Neilson). Large or very large, rounded or lobed, purplish red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy white, juicy, and perfumed. Very productive and early.

Princeps (Prince). Very large, long cone, dark crimson; flesh scarlet, sweet, fine flavor, vigorous and productive.

Prince’s LATE GiLosnose (Prince). Described as very large, round, firm, orange-scarlet, and very late. Pistillate.

Princess DaGmMarR (Mrs. Clements). New,:1868. Round, coni-~* cal, with a blunt point; bright rose; seeds brown and prom- inent; flesh yellowish white, buttery, sweet, and melting. Hardy, productive, and very early. Fig. in Gloede’s Cata- logue, 1868-9.

‘PRINCESS FREDERICK WILLIAM (Niven). - Large, roundish, sometimes flattened or cockscombed; bright scarlet; flesh rosy white,-sweet, and a little pasty. Fuller says the plants are tender. ; :

8

114 Catalogue of Varieties.

PRINCESS oF Wa ss (Knight). Large, round, oval or flattened, bright red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy white, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Vigorous, forces well, and extremely early.

*Princess Royat (Ingram). Uniform, obtusely scarlet, dark crimson; flesh firm, highly perfumed, and richly flavored. Has proved a good bearer in this country. Pistillate. (?) Fig. in Hort. XIII. 467.

PRINCESSE ROYALE (Pelvilain). Seedling of the Keens’s Seed- ling, that from Keens’s Imperial, and the latter from the White Carolina. Obtained at Meudon, in France, about 1846, and in 1859 about twelve hundred acres were cultivated for the Paris — market. Fruit very large, regularly oval, very bright red; flesh rosy, firrn, with a central cavity, and filled with an acid and not highly flavored juice. A favorite abroad; but Gloede © remarks that it should be replaced by better kinds. Fig. in Jar. Mus. II. and Alb. de Pomol. IV. p. 78.

Princess Roya oF ENGLAND (Cuthill). Medium size, light color; flesh lemon color, fine flavored. Productive.

Prince’s IMPERIAL SCARLET (Prince). Fruit large, light scar- let, and of excellent flavor. Pistillate. Obtusely conical, firm fleshed, juicy, and pleasant, according to another authority. Fig. in Hort. XIV. 419. :

PRISCILLA.

PrRoFusE ScaRLeT. Medium, scarlet, productive.

* PRoFuUSION (Burr). Medium or small; rich and sweet; a pro- digious bearer. Pistillate.

Procres (De Jonghe). Fruit large, rounded or flattened, squared at the end, deep purple red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy white, firm, sweet, and brisk. Early.

Prouiric. Large, conical, light glossy scarlet, rich flavor, unpro- ductive. English. (Downing.)

Protiric Haursors. (Syn. Double Bearing Hautbois, Musk, Regent's, Hermaphrodite, Dwarf, Sacombe, Sir Foseph Banks's, Spring Grove, and probably others.) Large, obtusely conical, dark, but not so dark as the Black Hautbois; seeds slightly imbedded; flesh solid, greenish, and high flavored. The best of its class, and sometimes gives a second crop. Fig. in Pom. Mag. I. 31.

Prouiric Iowa (Prince). Described by the originator as large, conical, bright scarlet, and productive.

PROLIFIC ORANGE. (See ORANGE PROLIFIC.)

Catalogue of Variettes. 115

Q

QuinqueFoLia (Myatt). Large, variable, bright red; seeds prominent; flesh white, firm, sweet, highly perfumed. Said to have five leaflets; but the variety I once fruited under this name, and which was very like the Lucas, did not have this peculiarity. I have never been able to get the.genuine, although I have tried by advertising and otherwise for several years.

QvueEN’s SEEDLING. (?)

QurEn VicToria.

R

RanDOLPH Pine (Hobbs). A little known Pennsylvania seed- ling. .

REApD’s No. I. .

Reap’s Brack Pine (Read). Large, scarlet, good..

Rep Anping Montuiy. (Syn. Autumnal Galande, Des Alpes & Sruit rouge, Des Alpes de tous les Mots & fruit rouge, do. & Deux Saisons, Des Alpes « Quatre Saisons, Alpine Rouge, Prolific Alpine, Poitou Alpine Monthly La Meudonnaise; &c., &c.) Sim- lar to next, but with very high culture fruits continuously.

Rep Apine. (Syn. American Alpine, Besancon, De’ Montreuil a fruit rouge, do. do. & Marteau, Fressant, Dent de Cheval, De Ville de Bots.) Medium, conical, light crimson; secds- prominent, subacid, not rich, and not very good. Hardy, and moderately productive.

Rep Cong. Large, conical, second rate, early. This and the © next are old English kinds.

Rep FINGER. Small, ovate, second rate, and early.

ReeEves’s SEEDLING (Reeves,. A new variety from Long Island. Large and handsome, ripening late. :

REFULGENT,

Reeina (Prince). Seedling of Longworth’s Prolific, and much like its parent.

REGULATOR (Durand). New, and little known.

RHINE DES Betces. Large, varying between long conical and obtuse conical; bright rich scarlet; flesh firm, juicy, sweet.

116 Catalogue of Varieties.

Reine Hortense. Large, dark crimson; quality best. . Hardy, : and moderately productive. :

REINE DE QuaTRE Saisons. An Alpine,

Reus Van Zuiwwyk (Van de Water). New, 1869. Enormous, elongated, flattened or cockscombed, bright vermilion red; flesh rosy, melting, sweet. Hardy, vigorous, and late. Making few runners. Fig. in Gloede’s Catalogue for 1870.

Ruobe Istanwp Seepiinc. Described as large, variable, conical, dark scarlet, moderate flavor, sour.

* RIcHARDSON’s EarLy (Richardson). Medium, very dark crim- son, pleasant, subacid, and good. Ripens with the Early Vir- ginia. Pistillate.

* RICHARDSON’S CAMBRIDGE (Richardson.)

. *RicHarpson’s Late (Richardson). Large, roundish, with short neck; light crimson scarlet. Rich, subacid, sprightly, and good. Sometimes as late as the 21st of July.

‘RicHMonpD.

RIFLEMAN (Ingram). Very large to enormous, elongated; some- times cockscombed, sometimes squared; bright orange red; seeds on the surface; flesh white, firm, sweet, and perfumed.” Vigorous, and extremely productive in some rich, sandy soils, while in others it does nothing. Very late. .

RirteMan (Dr. Roden). Large, variable, flattened, brilliant red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, veined with red; juicy, sweet, and brisk. Early.

Riprowam (Faulkner). (?) (Syn. Faulkner's King, Ripawam.), Probably this is identical with Rivers’s Eliza. See the whole subject discussed in Mov. Mag. XXXIV. 74. I am inclined to think the Boston Beauty another synonyme of Rivers’s Eliza.

Riva, Hupson (Burr). A cross of the Hudson and Burr's.

“Dark shining red, rich, and excellent. Pistillate. Hardy and productive.

Rivat. QuEEN (Tiley). Said to be identical with Omer Pacha, or not distinguishable from it.

RoserT TRAIL.

Roginson’s DEFIANCE. Medium, roundish conical, necked, dull red; flesh firm, acid. Vigorous and unproductive. (Downing.) Robinson’s Seedling is probably identical. An Ohio seedling.

Roi p’Yverot (Acher). Large or very large, bright red, vari- able in form; flesh red, very sweet, and perfumed. Vigorous, hardy, and very late, New.

Romeyn’s SEEDLING. Undistinguishable from Triomphe de

Catalogue ef Varieties. 117

Gand. At least I cannot tell one from the other by the most careful examination.

RosatBa. A cross of the Chili Orange with the Rosy White Chili, and resembles the latter, but succeeds in a greater variety of soils.

Rosainp. (Prince). Described as large, conical, bright scarlet, showy, fine flavored, and productive. Pistillate.

*ROSEBERRY. (Syn. Hose Strawberry, Scotch Scarlet, Aber- deen, do. Seedling, Prolific Pine.) Medium, elongated, with a

-neck; clear red; seeds yellow, somewhat prominent; flesh somewhat acid, with but little perfume. Sometimes gives a second crop. Discoyéred by Robert Davidson, in 1808, in Aberdeen, under a-rose bush. Hence the name. Fig. in Pom.

* Mag. I. 20, Jar. Mus. V. Trans. Lond. Hort. Soc. II. 380.

RosEBup. Large, ovate, cockscombed, with a neck; bright red;

‘flesh rich. English. (?) '

RosETTE (Dr. Nicaise). Plant strong; fruit abundant, rounded, beautiful vermilion; seeds a little sunken; flesh white, sweet,. and perfumed.

Rosina (Prince). .Described as large, round, light scarlet, sweet, and good.

Ross’ PHa@nix (Ross). A seedling from Keens’s Seedling, raised in Hudson, N. Y., in 1836. First fruited in 1839, and of note only as one of the parents of the Peabody. Large, cockscombed or compressed, dark red; flesh firm, of fair flavor. Sometimes productive. Fails in clay soils, and burns in lighter ones. Originated in Hudson, N. Y.

RoyaL Hautsors (Rivers). Medium to large, roundish conical, regular, rich, dark crimson; seeds yellow; flesh whitish, soft, sweet, and extremely rich. A seedling of Belle Bordelaise, but later. One of the best of the class.

* ROYAL PINE. :

*RoyvaL SCARLET.

Roya VicToria (Stewart and Neilson). Large, rounded, bright glossy red; seeds prominent; flesh white, firm, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Hardy, productive, and late. ~

RoyaLe pE Normanpiz. An Alpine. —

Rusis (Dr. Nicaise). New, 1868. Large, round, clear varnished red; seeds little imbedded; flesh rosy white, juicy, sweet, brisk. Season medium. Vigorous and productive.

*Rusy (Nicholson). A very large and beautiful fruit; elongated,

118 Catalogue of Varieties.

compressed, bright glossy red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy white, sweet, juicy, and brisk. Productive and early.

Russetu’s Proxiric (Russell). Fuller’s description is extremely., accurate, viz.: very large, irregular, roundish conical, with neck; deep crimson, moderately firm, sweet and perfumed, good; in sandy soils very good; flesh lighter than the skin; leaves large; upper surface wavy; lobes broadly ovate. The Russell is a much stronger grower than McAvoy’s Superior, and perfectly distinct from it. It has proved an abundant. bearer with me. Pistillate. Originated with H. Russell, Sen- eca Falls, N. Y., 1856.

Ss

SACCHARINE SCARLET (Prince). Described as ‘moderate vise, conical, scarlet, sweet. Pistillate. ‘

Sapreur (Mrs. Clements). Large, handsome, conical, pointed, pale orange red; seeds very prominent; flesh solid, firm, and delicious. Very hardy and BrOmutive, Season medium. Fig. in Fuller, p. 108.

Saint LAMBERT. . SALTER’S VERSAILLAISE (Salter). Large, ovate, sometimes flat- tened or cockscombed; dark red; flesh pale, juicy, and rich. SANSPAREIL. Long, tapering, uneven, dark blackish red; flesh very solid and firm, red throughout; high flavor. Forces well.

Sapruo.

Séaruet Cui. Large, ovate, second quality, and late.

ScaRLET Cone (Ellwanger and Barry). Large, perfect cone, bright scarlet, vigorous, and productive. Pistillate. (Down- ing, who does not mention its quality.) ,

ScarLet Excexsior (Prince). Described as very large, obtusely conical, deep scarlet, sweet, and high flavored. Pistillate.

*ScarRLeT Macnate (Prince).: Large, roundish, compressed, bright scarlet; flesh white, not high flavored; firm, and pretty good. A vigorous grower, and productive. Pistillate. I have found it to bear next to nothing the second year.

ScaRLET MELTING (Burr). Long, with a neck; bright scarlet; flesh very tender and soft; very delicious. Productive and hardy.

ScaRLET NonpPAREIL. Large, roundish conical, bright red, rich, high flavor. iY ;

Catalogue of Varieties. 119

ScarLeT PrRimorDIAN (Prince). Described as early, large, dark scarlet, oblong, conical, pleasant flavored.

ScarRLeT QUEEN (Standish). New, 1868. Large, elongated, : with a neck; bright glossy scarlet; flesh pure white, firm, melt- ing, sweet, with a very distinct pine-apple taste. Late.

ScarRLet Pine. Medium, conical, with a neck; bright scarlet; seeds supesficial; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, with a distinct pine- apple taste. Hardy and vigorous, according to foreign descrip- ‘tions; with me, a very moderate grower in a light soil, where Rivers’s Eliza and Haquin do very well.

ScarLet Prize (Prince). Described as very large, bright scar- let, fine flavored, and productive. Pistillate.

ScarRLet Prowiric (Prince). Medium, conical, bright. scarlet, sweet, and productive. A seedling of Burr’s New Pine. Pis- tillate.

ScaRLeT ROCK.

* ScHILLer. Fruit paler than the British Queen ;. capriciously conical; flesh firm, rich, aromatic, acid, and sprightly. Late. *ScHNEICKE’s PrisTILLATE (Schneicke). Medium, obovate,

bright scarlet, of good flavor, and vigorous.

‘Scumirz’s No. 3 (Schmitz). A seedling of the Iowa. Large, roundish’ ovate, conical, light crimson; seeds crimson, often yellow, deeply sunken; flesh pale red; flavor pleasant. Leaves large; light green. Pistillate.

* Scioto (Prince). Large, bright scarlet, rich, sweet, and good. Vigorous, hardy, and productive. Pistillate.

Scone ScarLer (Beattie). Medium, round, no neck; light shining red on one side, pale on the other; seeds dark brown, and deeply sunk; flesh firm, pale pink, and acid. Good bearer.

- Late. Originated in England in 1813.. %

Scotco Runner. Small, oval; bright scarlet; flavor good, but berry too small. Formerly raised for market in New Jersey: Fig. in Fuller, p. 99.

Scort’s SEEDLING (Scott). (Syn. Scarlet Runner.) Said to be a cross of the Prince Albert and Boston Pine. Large, long conical, deep crimson scarlet; surface shining and uneven; seeds yellow, sunken; flesh pale red, hollow in the centre; rich, and melting. <A very beautiful berry, and with high cultiva- tion gives good crops. Fig. in Fruits of America, II. 67. Ori- ginated in Brighton, Mass.

Szmpronia (Prince). Very large, obtuse cone, bright deep scar-

120 Catalogue of Varieties.

let; flesh white, sweet, very good flavor. Plant very vigorous, A seedling of the Hovey.

SERAPHINE (Prince). Described as monstrous, pleasant flavored. . Pistillate.

SERENA (Prince). Described as rather large, conical, bright scarlet, sweet, good flavored, productive.

Str Cuaries Napier (Smith). Heart shaped and cockscombed; varying between glossy orange red, and bright scarlet; very -handsome; flesh white, juicy, brisk, but notrich. This variety, probably from its beauty, has made some stir in England.

Sir Harry (Underhill). A cross of Keens’s Seedling and British Queen. Large, cockscombed, dark red; flesh solid, juicy, and very good. Forces well: Originated in 1853, at Edgbaston, near Birmingham. Sometimes confounded with Trollope’s Victoria. Gloede says Sir Harry is amazingly pro- ductive, and advises to cultivate it on the annual system.

Str Harry ORANGE (Makoy). Fruit large or very large, rounded, glossy orange red; seeds prominent; flesh white, juicy, perfumed, and sweet. Season medium.

Sir JoserH Banks SCARLET. Oblong or bluntly conical, with a neck; bright scarlet; seeds prominent; flesh bright scarlet, firm, high flavored. A moderate bearer, ripening early. Leaf- lets medium, oval, flat. .An old kind:

Sir JosrrH Paxton (Bradley). Rounded conical, ee : brilliant crimson red; seeds prominent; flesh salmon’ colored,’ firm, sweet, and good. : Extremely productive, and said to be equally good for open culture or forcing. Early.

Sir WALTER Scott. Large, oblong, pointed, deep red; seeds proininent; flesh pale, firm, and poor. A. dwarf, robust: grower. Leaf-stalks very hairy; leaflets roundish or roundish ovate, not deeply serrate. :

Sir Watkin. A cross between Sir Harry and Black Prince. Conical, and dark crimson. Not commended.

Sirius (Prince). Described as monstrous size, light orange scarlet, showy, good-flavored, and productive.

SLtoucH Scarter. (Syn. Brown’s Scarlet.) Very small, round: ish, of second quality, and resembles the Duke of Kent.

Smiry’s SEEDLING (Smith). A Canada (?) variety. Large, good flavor, productive, and hardy. ‘Resembles the Wilson, but is softer.

Sotip Scaruet. (Syn. Solid-fleshed.) :

Catalogue of Varieties, 121

* SOUTHBOROUGH SEEDLING. Medium, ovate, conical, scarlet, flesh firm, mild, and rich. An old English variety.

SouvENIR D’EMILIE (Jamin and Apurantys Enormous, irregular, high flavored. F

Souvenir DE Kierr (De Jonghe). Large, conical, sometimes truncated; beautiful, bright glossy red; seeds very prominent; flesh white, firm, sweet, juicy, and good. A moderately good grower with me.

Souvenir DE Nantes (Boisselot). Very large or enormous, variable, glossy orange red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, juicy, sweet, and highly perfumed. A Chili strawberry, and like all its class, a poor bearer, and late.

Starr's SEEDLING (Starr). Described as medium, conical, scar- let, and productive.

Stewart. Described as early, large, conical, scarlet, firm, and handsome.

STINGER’s SEEDLING (Stinger). First known as Union. Large. size, scarlet and showy; flesh not firm enough. Said to be more acid than the Wilson, but this is hardly credible. Hardy, early, and productive. Said to be a seedling of the Triomphe de Gand. Originated near Philadelphia. Likes a warm soil. Fig. in Tilton’s Jour. Hort. VII. 155.

* STIRLING CASTLE PiNnE. Conical, pale, rosy orange; flesh white, very buttery and delicious; full of a fresh, sugary juice. Vigorous, but a poor bearer. Originated in 1848. Leaf-stalks rough and hairy; brownish red, when old, like the Hudson’s Bay, of which it is a seedling. Fig. in Jar. Mus. III., Rev. Hort. 1864, 470.

StToppDARD’s SEEDLING (Stoddard). An Alpine.

Succes (De Jonghe). New. Vigorous and strong; leaves large, deep shining green, with horizontal, deeply incised leaflets. Fruit large, obtusely conical, yellowish, cherry color; seeds- abundant in shallow cavities. Interior of berry firm, flesh col ored, juicy, and good. This variety sends out abundant run- ners when the fruit is half grown. (De Jonghe.)

Suttana (Prince). Large to monstrous, obtusely conical, orange scarlet; flesh pure white, fine flavor, juicy. Plant hardy and vigorous. A showy berry.

Surpasse Grosse Sucrre (De Jonghe). Very large, conical, bright red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy white, juicy, sweet, and perfumed. Season medium.

SUPERLATIVE (Prince). A seedling of Burr’s New Pine; abont

4

122 Catalogue of Varieties.

equal to its parent in size and flaver, but more vigorous, and perhaps more productive. Pistillate. .

Suprema (Prince). Described as large, sprightly flavored, very productive. Pistillate. ;

Supreme STAMINATE (Prince). Described as monstrous, ob- tusely conical, bright scarlet, of good flavor, and productive.

-* SURPRISE (Myatt). Pale scarlet, cockscombed, very soft, acid, and deficient in flavor.

Surinam. (Syn. Red Pine, Oldaker’s Pine, Red Pine-afpley Sutton’s Large.) Ovate or round, no neck; very large, light . shining red next the sun, pale on the other side; seeds yellow . and prominent; flesh firm, with a large core; pale red, and of poor flavor. An abundant bearer, and late. A very old kind, formerly cultivated in England.

*SwaINsTONE. (Syn. Swaznstone’s Seedling.) Regular oval or - conical, glossy light scarlet; seeds slightly sunken; flesh solid,, and of very high flavor. Foliage large; footstalks long. Fruit- stems high and strong. Anold English variety, once much es- teemed. Fig. in Hort. I. 32. Je

SwepisH HauTBois. ‘Very small, roundish, second rate, of dwarf habit, not worth cultivating. Old, and probably now unknown.

Sweet Cone (Knight). A cross of the Old Pine with the Old Black. Small, conical, with a neck; bright shining scarlet; hairy; seeds prominent; flesh firm, brighter than the skin; hollow, or with a small core; high flavor. A poor grower.

Syztvanta (Prince). Described: as large; conical, dark scarlet, dark red flesh, acid, but good. Pistillate.

vi By

TATNALL’s SEEDLING (Tatnall). Described as large, on a stiff truss, and very good. :

TayLor’s New EMPEROR.

*TAYLOR’S SEEDLING.

Terpsicuore (Prince).. Described as very early, large, conical, bright scarlet, vigorous. =

THE, PRAIRIE FARMER (Neff). Very large, oblong, compressed or ovate, occasionally cocksconibed, irregular, deep scarlet; texture firm, subacid. Plant strong and vigorous; foot-stalks large and tall. Promises well for market. Originated: with

Catalogue of Varieties. 123

William D. Neff, Ottawa, Ill, (Downing, from Prairie Farm- er.)

TuHorn’s SEEDLING.

TimotHzr Trim (Dr. Nicaise). Very large, elongated conical; flesh hollow, rosy, sweet, with a peculiar flavor. Leaves large, on short petioles. Vigorous and productive. New.

TINGLEY’s SCARLET.

Titien (Henderson). Large, very long, with a neck; bright glossy red; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy, firm, sweet, highly perfumed. Medium in ripening.

Topsy (De Jonghe). Medium to large, extremely long conical, very peculiar, glossy orange; seeds on the surface; flesh rosy, firm, juicy, sweet, and excellent. Medium in ripening. Fig. in Fuller, p. 108. : °

TRANSCENDENT SCARLET (Prince). Described as extra large, dark scarlet, roundish, sweet, and good.

TREVIRANA (Prince). Large, obtusely conical, light scarlet. Pistillate.

TRIOMPHE DE GaNpD. Very large to monstrous, conical nor- mally, but generally much flattened and cockscombed; bright crimson; paler towards the calyx, and looking as if varnislied; exact color very peculiar, and not easily described; flesh j juicy,, crisp, of a distinct and very good flavor. A good grower. It makes immense stools the second season if the runners are clipped. Forces admirably. This is the best, perhaps, of all the foreign varieties for general cultivation. In a good soil, with good culture, it seldom fails. Fig. in Fuller, p. 108.

TRIOMPHE DE LizcE (Lorio). Large, variable, sometimes cockscombed, deep red; seeds sunken; flesh red, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Hardy, productive, and early.

TRIOMPHE DE PARIS (Souchet). New, 1867. Described as a Superb berry of the largest size, round or cockscombed, glossy orange red; seeds prominent; flesh rosy, with a centre cavity; juicy, melting, and highly perfumed. Vigorous, hardy, and productive. Season medium. This received the: first prize of the French National Society of Horticulture, and Gloede re- tains it in his Catalogue among the novelties of 1868, saying that it has exceeded the hopes he had formed of it. Fig. in Gloede’s Catalogue, 1868-9.

TriumrH (Prince). Resembles the Large Early Scarlet in color and flavor, but of twice the size. Very productive. Fruit-borne . on strong trusses.

124 Catélogue of Varieties. — :

TriumpyH oF America (Dreer). New. Described as of the largest size, and, in comparison with the Triomphe de Gand, - sweeter, larger, more vigorous, and better adapted to light soil,

TRIUMPH OF HOLLAND (Verkroost).. (Syn. Triomphe d’Hol- lande, Triumph of Holland Alpine, Des Quatre Saisons,). Large for its class, regular, roundish conical, light scarlet red; seeds light yellow; flesh juicy, sweet, rich, aromatic, delicious, , Growth vigorous, compact. Very productive. A new variety from the Netherlands. (Downing.)

TRIUMPHANT SCARLET (Prince). Described as very large, con- ical, deep scarlet, fine flavored, two or three weeks in bearing: °

TRIUMVIRATE (Prince). A seedling from the Iowa. Said to be large and productive.

TRo.iope’s Vicroria (Trollope). (Syn. Golden Queen, Trem- bly’s Union, and probably others.) Very large, roundish coni- cal, .varying between light pale scarlet and brick red; seeds slightly sunken, and set wide apart; flesh white, juicy, but not rich. Very variable in amount of fruit. Said to force well. , An old English berry, occasionally brought out with a new name. Fig. in Fuller, p. 109.

TRouBapour (Prince). Described as large, conical, scarlet, handsome, of good flavor, and productive. Pistillate.

TrumPET (Keech). New. Described as light colored, with a brisk, pleasant flavor. ;

TurENNE. Described as very large, obtusely conical, crimson, pleasant flavored. ;

TuRNER’s QuEEN (Turner). New. Originated with Joseph. Turner, Moorestown, N. J. Said to resemble the next variety, but to be of better flavor. Pistillate.

Turner’s Favorite (Turner). Very large, bright colored, firm, of good flavor; plant vigorous, holding the fruit well up.

‘Same origin as the preceding, and like the next three, figured in the originator’s circulars. _

TurNER’s Nonsucu (Turner). Berries said to be not quite so large as those of the Favorite or Queen, but to be exceedingly. “solid. Productive, and a strong grower. Pistillate.

Turner’s Beauty (Turner). Berries bright red, large, and of good flavor. Plant an exceedingly strong grower.

TurNeR’s Proriric (Turner). Berries large, light scarlet. Vig- orous, and.a strong grower, Said to be very productive, ap- proaching in this respect Wilson’s Albany. Pistillate.

Turner’s Pine. Large, ovate, second quality. Late. English.’

Catalogue of Varieties. 125

TWICE-BEARING SWAINSTONE (Prince.) Said to be very produc- tive, early, of medium size, to be equal in flavor to Hovey’s, and to bear a second crop in September. Pistillate.

Uw

UnpERWoon’s SEEDLING (Underwood). A seedling of La Con- stante. Raised by W. J. Underwood, Belmont, Mass. A good grower, productive, and distinguished by its remarkably firm flesh, the berries being firm and handsome, after having been packed in boxes two days and more. Its flesh is white, juicy, and good. Not yet disseminated.

‘Union. Syn. of Trollope’s Victoria, and of Stinger’s Seedling.

UNIQUE SCARLET.

Ww

Vatencia (Prince). Described as nly conical, deep. scarlet, _ vigorous, and productive.

Van ‘Boscoor.

VARIEGATED Pine. A weak, shy hearer; leaves,variegated with white.

VERNON’s ScARLET. (Syn. White's Scarlet.) Medium,_round, dark red, rather hairy; seeds slightly imbedded; flesh pale :vermilion, white in centre; solid, well flavored. A good bearer, and early. Leaflets small, oval, dark shining green. An old variety. :

Victoria OvaTa-(Robine). New, 1867. Large, oval or heart shaped, clear vermilion; -flesh firm,.rosy at the centre, red near the -outside; well flavored; brisker than Trollope’s Victoria; seeds prominent. Vigorous and productive. - :

Vicroring (Prince). Early, very large, conical, bright scarlet.

‘Vicrory.

Victory oF BaTH (Lydiard). Large, oval, bright orange red;

seeds slightly « ‘imbedded ; flesh white, firm, juicy, sweet, and “perfumed. Hardy and productive.

VINEUSE DE NaNTEs (Boisselot). Medium, round, very obtusely conical, -bright glossy crimson; seeds very prominent; flesh xed, solid, sweet, and vinous. Fig..in Fuller, P+. 109.

120 Catalogue of Varieties. !

VINEUSE DE CHAMPAGNE. Fig. in Duhamel, VI. 361, and de- scribed as poor and small. ; :

VirGINIE (De Jonghe). Large, rounded or conical, varnished red; seeds on the surface; flesh clear red, juicy, sweet, and brisk. Vigorous, or tolerably so, hardy, and productive. Sea- son medium.

VirGINIA SCARLET. (See Lance Earty Scarxer.) Fruit small, round, uniform, bright red; seeds small, yellow, deep sunk; fiesh not firm, puffed up around the seeds; flavor fresh and fine, sweet, and a little acid. Fig. in Jar. Mus. II.

Vooruis’s Queen (Voorhis). (?). Medium, deep scarlet, good flavor. ‘

WwW

WALKER’s SEEDLING (Walker). Said to be a seedling from the Black Prince. Medium to large, regularly conical; color very deep crimson, becoming a maroon whenripe. Flesh deep crim: son, tender, juicy, fine flavored. Raised by the late Samuel Walker, Roxbury, Mass. Fig. in Thomas’s Fruit Culturist, , Pp- 420.

* WALWORTH.

Warp’s Favorite (Ward). Fruit medium to large, roundish, deep crimson, sweet, and rich.

WarDLaw.

WarRREN.

WarrincTon (Prince). Described as large, obttsely conical, dark scarlet, a moderate bearer. A seedling form the’Swain- stone.

WavERLEY (Prince). é

Weur.ey’s SEEDLING (Wehrley). Seedling of Triomphe de Gand. Medium to large, roundish conical, inclined to cocks- comb shape; very light crimson; flesh firm and good. Season medium. Said to be more productive than its parent. |

We tcome (Prince). Described by the originator as a very supe- rior and very early berry. Little known. : e 5,

. WELLINGTON.

WestTBERE. Ovate, medium, second quality. Old, and probably. worthless. : WESTCHESTER. Described as large, obtusely conical, crimson. . WESTERN QUEEN (Kirtland). Medium to large, roundish. coni- cal, rich, glossy, dark red; flesh firm, juicy, subacid, sprightly.

Catalogue of Varieties. 1247

Hardy and productive. Pistillate. Originated in Cleveland, Ohiv.

Wuire Arsion. Syn. of Lennig’s White. :

Wuire Aupine. (Syn. Alpine Blanc, White Monthly, Des Alpes & Fruit Blanc.) Differs from the Red Alpine only in color.

Wuire Caroiina. (Syn. White Pine, White Bath, White Chilt, Pale do., Flesh-colored do., Long White.) There are two va- rieties, viz., the above, and the Dwarf White Carolina; both brownish white, soft, woolly, poor flavored. The fruit of one is roundish, with sunken seeds; of the other ovate, with prom- inent seeds. The first is the larger of the two.

*Witiey. Medium, roundish, deep crimson; flesh firm, with a sprightly, acid flavor. Pistillate. Fruit in clusters. Downing says, ‘“‘ good for preserving.”

WiLuirams’s GREEN Ping. Medium, roundish, second rate. Old.

WiLLow. a

Wiimor’s Late Scaret (Wilmot). (Syn. Wilmot’s New Scar- let, Wilmo?t’s Seedling, Large Virginia, Late do., Wilmot's Im- perial.) Very large, bluntly conical, irregular, light shining red; seeds small, deeply sunken; flesh white, soft, hollow; flavor moderately good. Leaflets large, nearly round, dark shining green. Originated in 1815. :

Witmor’s Supers (Wilmot). (Syn. Frazse Forest.) Large, irregular, roundish, always hairy, rather dark red; seeds brown and prominent; flesh firm, hollow, pale scarlet, some- times buttery and rich; at others poor. A cross of the Chili and the Roseberry. Originated in England in 1821. Fig. in Lond. Hort. Soc. Trans. VI. 392.

Wirson’s ALBANY (Wilson). Large, irregularly conical, dark crimson, extremely acid, only tolerably good when dead ripe; flesh crimson, exceedingly vigorous, productive, and hardy,. generally giving a good crop on any soil, whether raised in hills or in beds. Fuller says the Wilson has done more to ad- vance strawberry culture, in this country, than any other variety that has appeared since the Hovey. This is true, but at the same time it is not more than third rate in flavor, and it owes its popularity to its great firmness, and its good behavior under careless culture. It has been cultivated with much success at the South as a winter crop, ripening in December. Originated with John Wilson, of Albany, N. Y. Not much known before . 1857. Fig. in Thomas’s Am. Fruit Culturist, p. 421.

128 Catalogue of Varieties.

Wizarp oF THE Nortu (Robertson). Medium, roundish oval, dull red; seeds on the surface; flesh red, acid, soft, poor. Very late. A Scotch variety.

WONDERFUL (Jeyes). (Syn. Feyes’s Wonderful, and, according ‘to Downing, AMyati’s Prolific, which see.) Fuller says it is a large, irregular berry, firm flesh, , high flavor, and a poor bearer, According to Hogg it is large, conical, cockscombed, pale red, whitish at apex; seeds numerous; flesh white, tender,. melting, with a fine aroma. Resembles Myatt’s Surprise, but larger, and more seeds.

Woop STRAWBERRY. Fragaria Vesca. (Syn. Common Rouge,

- Des Bois & Fruit Rouge, English Red Wood, Newland’s Mam- moth, Stoddard’s Alpine, Washington Alpine, &c.) Thisis the: wild strawberry of Europe. Long more commonly cultivated in our gardens than any other sort, and still perhaps the easiest of cultivation, and one of the-most desirable kinds. It always bears abundantly, and though the fruit is small, yet it is produced ‘for a much longer time-than that of the other classes of strawberries, and is very sweet and delicate in flavor. Flowers always perfect; fruit red, small, roundish ovate; .seeds set even -with the surface of the fruit. It ripens at medium: season. -(Downing.) Fig. in Jar. Mus. II. :

‘Wyomine.

xy

YeELLow Cui (Williams). A cross of the Chili-and Downton. Long, irregularly oval, cockscombed, brown on the sunny side, yellow on the other; seeds brown, and slightly sunken; flesh yellowish, said to be firm; buttery, with’ a rich acid flavor. Originated in 1821.

Youne’s SzEpLinc. By some said to be a seedling from the Hovey’s Seedling, but probably only a synonym of the Hovey’s.

TILTON’S

Journal of Horticulture.

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FRUITS, FLOWERS, and VEGETABLES, with . ILLUSTRATIONS of New Fruits, Flowers, fe and Vegetables.

3 Sample copies sent on receipt of. 10 cents. Address

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TILTON & CO., Boston.

IN THE FOLLOWING PARTIAL LIST OF CONTRIBU- TORS to the “Journal” for a year past, will be recognized names of the ablest practical horticulturists in every part of the country.

MARSHALL P. WILDER, C. N. BRACKETT, HENRY WARD BEECHER, PHILIP SNYDER, JOHN A. WARDER, SUEL. FOSTER, PETER HENDERSON, W. C. STRONG, W. C. FLAGG, J. M. MERRICK, JR, GEORGE W. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM SAUNDERS, J. F. C. HYDE, i ALEXANDER HYDE, M. L. DUNLAP, CHARLES DOWNING, M. B. BATEHAM, S. MILLER, : P. BARRY, D. L. ADAIR, FRANCIS PARKMAN, A. VEITCH, E. S. RAND, JR, ELMER BALDWIN, C. M. HOVEY, EDW. F. UNDERHILL, JOHN ELLIS, - §. B. PARSONS, PARKER EARLE, C. B..DENSON, JOSEPH BRECK, GEORGE SUCH, ROBERT MANNING, C. C. MILLER, FEARING BURR, D. FOULIS, J. J. H. GREGORY, g WILLIAM PARRY, “ BISMARCK,” E.’S. ROGERS,

D, W. ADAMS, F, B, SEDGE,

ie