ALBERT R. MANN
LIBRARY

NEW YorK STATE COLLEGES
OF
AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS

AT

CORNELL UNIVERSITY

‘ornell University Librai

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MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE

(MARINE, ESTUARINE, FRESHWATER, AND LAND)

AND

THE BRACHIOPODA.

BY

JOHN CLAVELL MANSEL-PLEYDELL, B.A.
(Late of St. John’s College, Cambridge ),
Fes, ELS,
President ot the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club,

AUTHOR OF

“The Flora of Dorsetshire ’ and ‘‘ The Birds of Dorsetshire.”

Dorchester:
‘“ DORSET COUNTY CHRONICLE” PRINTING WORKS.

1898

Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http:/Awww.archive.org/details/cu31924003403619

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INDEX TO COLOURS.
TERTIARY CRETACEOUS UPPER OOLITE LOWER OOLITE LIAS
Pliocene (Dewlish) Weald. Purbeck Beds. Forest Marble. Upper Lias.
Middle Eocene. Chalk. Portland Beds. Bradford Clay. Maristone.
Lower Eocene. Greensand. Kemmeridge Sand Cornbrash Lower Lias.
and Clay. Fuller's Earth. a ee
Corallian. Inferior Oolite.
Oxysord Clay.
1 = se Seas pa ech a a sereoreaiall.
3’ W. of Greenwich 50 40"

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Bill of Portland
+
English Miles
ee ee ee
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George Philip & Son, London & Livery: ah

Dedicated

TO

ERNEST RUTHVEN SYKES, Esg., F.Z.S.,

Late Secretary of the Malacological Society,

IN GRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF MOST GENEROUS ASSISTANCE
RENDERED DURING THE PREPARATION OF THIS VOLUME, BOTH
IN THE INTRODUCTORY PORTION AND IN THE TEXT.
MANY OF ITS PAGES TESTIFY TO HIS
NUMEROUS AND VALUABLE

CONTRIBUTIONS.

By HIS SINCERE FRIEND,

J. C. MANSEL-PLEYDELL.

PREFACE.

It is nearly 100 years ago since Dr. Pulteney published his
Catalogue of ‘‘ Shells found on the Dorsetshire Coast,” since which date
Malacology has naturally received considerable additions in this County.
Among the earliest works on British Shells since Pulteney’s time are
Montagu’s ‘‘ Testacea Britannica,” and Maton and Rackett’s ‘‘ Des-
criptive Catalogue of the British Testacea,” published in the sixth
volume of the ‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society.” After an
interval of about 50 years, Professor E. Forbes and Mr. S. Hanley’s
“British Mollusca,” in four volumes, in which was incorporated the
Professor’s work in conjunction with Mr. McAndrew on the coast of
Weymouth and the neighbourhood, appeared.

In 1870 I brought out a Catalogue of the ‘‘ Mollusca of Dorset”
in the Introduction of the third edition of Hutchins’ ‘‘ History of
Dorset,” which I have made the basis of this Volume.

Through the help of the undermentioned friends I have been able
to considerably enlarge the list as to localities, and also to add some
few new species and genera. My grateful acknowledgments are due to
Mr. E. R. Sykes, to whom I have dedicated this Volume. I owe a debt
of gratitude also to Mr. Clement Reid, whose investigations on the
superficial deposits of the County gave him opportunities of which, as
an experienced malacologist, he has taken advantage, and enabled
him to add new localities and confirm some of Pulteney’s more dubious
records. For instance, he rediscovered Helix (Theba) cantiana at
Spettisbury, where Rackett found it in 1813; he also collected it at
Winterbourne Stickland, the only other Dorset record. I am indebted
to him also for directing me to some ancient hedgerows in search
of Helix ( Helicodonta) obvoluta, a rare shell found only in England, in
Hampshire and two other counties. Although unsuccessful with respect
to Helix (Helicodonta) obvoluta, I found an equally rare snail,
Clausilia Rolphii, a valuable addition to the County list.

The late Messrs. W. Thompson, J. H. Austen, W. Kendall,
and R. Damon gave me valuable assistance, as also Dr. Turner,
Mr. C, P. Cambridge, and Miss Colson. I may have omitted to mention
some to whom thanks are also due, whose names are in the body of this
Volume.

J. C. MANSEL-PLEYDELL.
November 17th, 1898.

MOLLUSCA.

This group includes the shell-bearers, as well as the naked forms
whose shells are either hidden under the mantle, or are entirely
absent. Cuvier was the first to place them among the principal
groups of the Animal Kingdom, and in the following order :—
1. The Cephalopoda; 2. The Gastropoda (Snails and Slugs,
terrestrial and aquatic) ; 3. The Pelecypoda ; 4. The Brachiopoda ;
5. The Ascidians (Sea-Squirts) ; 6. The Pteropoda (Winged
Snails), Clio, &. ; 7. The Cirrhipoda (Barnacles). This last soon
gave way to malacological criticism. The Ascidians, which Cuvier
considered to be Pelecypoda without shells, soon followed, after
being tossed about and joined to various groups, even with the
Vertebrata, through embryonic similarities. Instead of sccret-
ing a calcareous shell on the surface of their bodies they envelope
themselves in a case varying in consistence from soft jelly to tough
leather. The Cephalopoda derive their name from the attachment
of the feet, or principal locomotive organs, to the head ; in their
general conformation the molluscan character is retained. There
is no trace of the muscular foot of the Gastropod, except in the
Nautilus, which in its general structure approaches that order most
nearly ; itis the only existing Cephalopod which is wholly provided
with an external shell. From the earliest geological periods
thousands of species of this Order swarmed in the primeval
seas. The Cuttle-fish, which has no external shell, is furnished
with an ink-bag, from which it can discharge a black
pigment, and easily effect a safe retreat from the enemy.
Sir Richard Owen divided the Order into two Sections, Dibran-
chiata and Tetrabranchiata, founded on tke existence of two sym-
metrical gills in one and four in the other. The Octopus, the
Sepia, the Loligo, and the Argonaut belong to the first section,

ii.
the Nautilus pompilius to the last. This is the only remnant of the
order which once inhabited every sea of the world. The Pelecy-
poda and the Brachiopoda resemble each other in both having a
bivalve shell ; but differ in the attachment of the animal to the
shell. In the former it is lateral, and marked by one or two
muscular scars on the inside face of each valve. In the latter it
is vertical or dorsal. The Pelecypoda have no distinct head ;
the absence of a jaw is compensated for by a series of vibratory

‘cilia, which fringe the gills, creating currents, propelling the
food in the direction of the mouth, into which it is guided
by palpi on each side. As the Order is exclusively aquatic, and
the animals branchiferous, their uniformity of life determines
their anatomical characters, which are more marked than
with the Gastropods. The Pelecypoda usually rest on the
longer axis’ of the shell, and with the aid of the foot can burrow
vertically down into the sand, or mud below. Some choose for
their homes the tough tegument of an Ascidian. The Pholadide
can perforate solid rock by means of the rasping file-like ridges of
the shell, which they have the power of revolving, and of hollowing
out a highly-polished cist. A colony of several will occupy the same
block of stone. Gastrocheena, Saxicava, and other borers whose
shells are smooth, have also the power of excavating in the solid
rock without any visible appliance, which is possibly done by
chemical action. The Mytilus and Modiola spin a byssus, by
which they are able to attach themselves to some object. These
frequent the shoreline, and thus anchored are not exposed to be
washed away by the incoming sea at low-tides,

The Gastropods receive their name from the situation of the
muscular dise or foot, upon which the animal creeps. The aquatic
species are usually furnished with an operculum attached to the
posterior surface of the body, completely shutting it in when with-
drawn within the shell. Fomatias (Cyclostoma) elegans and Acicula
lineata are the only British land-shells with this appendage, and are
probably the survivals of aquatic ancestors. The shell of Heléx
aperta is so disproportionate to the size of the animal that it can

iii.
scarcely receive one-third of it. Testacella has a very small shell
attached to the upper surface of the tail, for the protection of the
respiratory organs, which extend over a large portion of the body,
and it is remarkable that the Nudibranch in its embryo state has
a shell, dispensing with it when the branchial appendages appear.
The Polyplacophora (Chitons) are furnished with a shell composed
of aseries of plates jointed to cach other ; the animal is thus able to
roll itself up like the Woodlouse, although not so completely. It
has no tentacles, but a large muscular foot, and a well-developed
lingual ribbon. Cuvier divided the Gastropods into seven
Orders. Fischer proposes three :—1, Pulmonata, terrestrial, her-
maphrodite; 2. Opisthobranchiata, marine and hermaphrodite,
respiration branchial, or cutaneous, the branchie and auricle
placed behind the ventricle ; 3. Prosobranchiata, sexes distinct,
respiration branchial, or pulmonary ventricle in rear of the auricle.
The greater proportion of the marine Gastropods belong to this
Order. Nearly all the terrestrial Gastropods are vegetable feeders,
Testacella is an exception ; its food consists principally, if not
entirely of the earth-worm. The marine Gastropcds with a notched
peristome (for the extrusion of the siphon) are mostly carnivorous.
Those with an unnotched are herbivorous. Beyond the depth of
15 fathoms vegetation is restricted to calcareous alge (Nullipores,
Corallines, &c.) These were formerly ranked as animals on account
to their resemblance to Zoophytes. The tissue of their stems is so
consolidated with carbonate of lime as to obtain a stony hardness,
only yielding to an application of acid, which restores it
to the condition of an ordinary alga. The Gastropoda, in contrast
to the Pelecypoda, whose life results in cephalic atrophy,
lead an active life, and have not only a well-developed head, but a
special organ in connexion with the mouth, the odontophore,
which consists of a lingual ribbon, or radula with its cushion and
muscles. This radula is set with minute teeth like a rasp and it is
continuously growing forward as the fiuger-nail does on its bed.
The radula and jaws are not only used for feeding, but in some
instances for boring the shells of other Mollusca or for crushing

iv.

the shells of Crustacea. There is abundant proof of this destruc-
tive work on every shore, by the perforated shells strewn about
in every direction. There are traces of organs of hearing in
many of the Mollusca, consisting of a calcareous concretion,
termed an otolith, which is in continual vibration. Among
the Cephalopods this sac is placed in the cephalic region,
foreshadowing the auditory arrangement of the vertebrates.
Ocellary spots occur on the margin of the mantle of Pectens and
other free-swimming Bivalves. Many of the Gastropoda have
no eyes ; when present they are small in proportion to the size of
the body. In the more highly organised Cephalopods they are
much larger and more highly developed, a necessary provision for
their active habits.

Marine Mollusca are mentioned in these pages as inhabiting depths
of so many fathoms, or frequenting different zones. The phrase
must be understood to refer to the several belts stretching out in suc-
cession from the shore to the farthest limits of measurement. These
have been divided into five zones by the late Professor E. Forbes.
1. The Littoral zone, between tide-marks. 2. The Laminarian zone, so
called from the prevailing sea-weed, extends from low-water-mark
to 15 fathoms. 3. The Coralline zone, extending from 15 to
50 fathoms; here many of our rarest species are found. 4. The
ceep-sea Coral zone, extending from 50 to 300 fathoms. Beyond
this depth is the Abyssal zone, which Forbes considered to be
scarcely developed within the British area. It must be remarked
these zones have been much criticised of late. Of all the land and
fresh-water mollusca Helix and Unio have the widest distribution.
Some no doubt have been transported great distances by human
agencies. Cryptomphalus aspersa to Algeria, the Azores, and Brazil,
and many other places. Tachea hortensis has been naturalised in
New England, and on the banks of the St. Lawrence. The minute
Vallonia pulchella is found in Madeira, the Caucasus, and in nearly
all the northern parts of North America.

The partial absence of limestone among the Cambrian rocks
affected the shell-bearing Mollusca, as compared to the succeeding

v.

Silurian, The Brachiopoda are amongst the most numerous and
characteristic of the Paleozoic series. The Pelecypoda first appear
in the Tremadoc rocks, sparingly in the Silurian, becoming very
numerous in the Mesozoic, and have held their ground to the
present day. The Gastropods have also a very wide distribution
in time, from the Arenig, or Skiddaw series, to the present day.

The characteristic families of the Pelecypoda cf the Lower
Silurian are Aviculide, Mytilide, Arcide, Nuculide, Astartide,
Lucinide, Cardiide, Pholadomyide. The Gastropoda are Euom-
phalus, Murchisonia, Natica, Pleurotomaria, Trochus. Old types
gave way to new inthe Triassic age, when the Ostrea appeared for
the first time, with Avicula, Lima, Pecten, Arca, Astarte, Cardium,
Modiola, Trigonia, Pholadomya, among the Pelecypoda ; Alaria,
Cerithium, Chemnitzia, Natica, Pleurotomaria, Trochus, Turbo,
among the Gastropoda. Their development culminated towards
the end of the Jurassic age, when, climatal changes taking place,
lowered the temperature, and to which may be assigned the dis-
appearance of the great Saurians which had previously swarmed
on sea and land.

The Tertiary age shows a gradual change, and an approach
towards the Molluscan life of the present day. Some genera
disappeared altogether. Until within the last 50 years Phola-
domya was supposed to be extinct, it is now found living in the
Australian Seas. Pecten, Mytilus, Avicula, and Nucula have
continued almost without any modification from Paleozoic ages. On
the other hand Caprinide and Hippuritide were restricted to the
Cretaceous age. The Fresh-water Gastropoda, Neritina, Planorbis,
Paludina, Hydrobia, Melania appeared for the first time in the
Oolitic age ; Limneus, Physa, Bithinia, in the Purbecks and
Wealden. Gastropoda are rare in the Lower Chalk and not
well preserved. The fresh-water and land-shells began to take a
prominent place towards the end of the Cretaceous age, and have
continued to the present day.

Most of the genera found in the Eocene and the Oligocene beds
are now living, but the species differ. The marine Miocene

vi.

Gastropods of Europe are now mainly represented in the tropical
seas, Those of the Pliocene age have a closer affinity to those
living in the neighbouring seas. The Upper Pliocenes of Italy,
for instance, contain more than 90 per cent. of the species now
living in the Mediterranean. The influence of climate on the
distribution of species is well marked. Arctic types of the present
day occur in the Crags of Norfolk and Suffolk, and in the Glacial
Pleistocene beds of northern Europe.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE BRITISH MOLLUSCA.

I have endeavoured in the following arrangement to give an
outline of the genera of the Mollusca now living in Britain, or in
the seas which wash our coasts, upon a fairly correct basis, and
in a few instances I have revised the nomenclature, such as
the Helicide, Trochide, Polyplacophora, and Cephalopoda. The
main outline of the scheme is taken from Fischer's well-known
** Manuel de Conchyliologie” ; other works have also been made use
of. The Cephalopoda, for example, follow the ‘ Challenger Report.”
Pelseneer has been laid under contribution for the suppression of
the Class Pteropoda, while the “ Manual of Conchology ” has been
followed in as far as regards the Chitons, the Helicida, and the
Trochide, &c. In a few cases lists of the species have been given,

In nomenclature the Jaw of priority has been kept in full view,
and it may be noted that the word “type” is used in the strictest
sense, as being the species intended by the author ; while “ typical
example” implies that while it is impossible to say that that
particular species was the type, still it, or some closely allied one,
was intended, in so far as the describer confined himself to a
single type-form. In the forms grouped under the genera Rissoia
and Odostomia much remains to be done.

vil.

In the lists published for the last twenty or thirty years in this
country, the land and fresh-water mollusca have been ruthlessly
sundered from their allies, the marine, and, while considerable
care has been expended on the first branch, the latter are still
catalogued without alteration on the principles adopted in the time
of Gwyn Jeffreys. If these notes tend in any measure to
uniformity of nomenclature or arrangement (for in such matters
we must still sadly say tot homines quot sententic) their object will
have been achieved.

CLASS CEPHALOPODA.
ORDER DIBRANCHIATA.
SUB-ORDER OCTOPODA.
Octopodidee.
Octopus, Lam., 1799.
O. vulgaris, Lam.

Eledone, Leach, 1817.
E. cirrosa, Lam.

SUB-ORDER DECAPODA.
Sepiolide.

Sepiola, Leach, 1817.
S. Rondeleti, Leach.
S. Atlantica, D'Or6.

Rossia, Owen, 1834.
R. macrosoma, D. Chiaje.
R. glaucopis, Lovén.
R. Oweni, Ball.

Sepiide.

Sepia, L.
S. officinalis, Z.
S. elegans, D'Orb.
S. Ruppellaria, D'Oré.

viii.
Loligide.

Loligo, Lam., 1799,
L. Forbesii, Steenstrup.
L. media, Z,

Ommastrephide.

Todarodes, Steenstrup, 1880.
T. sagittatus, Lam., 1799.

Illex, Steenstrup, 1880.
I. Coindetii, Vérany.

CLASS GASTROPODA.
ORDER PULMONATA.
SUB-ORDER GEOPHILA.

A. MONOTREMATA.
Testacellide.
Testacella, Cuv,, 1800,
Vitrinide.
Vitrina, Drap., 1801.
Limacide.
Limax, L. 1758.
Agriolimax, Malm, 1868,
Amalia, Mog-Tandon, 1855.
Arionide.
Arion, Fér., 1817.
Geomalacus, Allman, 1842.
Zonitide.

The forms so frequently, in England, called Zonites, still await a
thorough revision ; however, for present purposes it appears wisest to
follow Tryon and Mr. E. A. Smith, and, using their “sections” as
genera, to group them in the following way.

Vitrea, Fitzinger, 1833.
V. erystallina, Midler.

Polita, Held., 1837.
P. Draparnaudi, Beck.
P. alliaria, Midd.
P. glabra, Studer.
P. nitidula, Drap.
P. pura, Alder.
P. radiatula, Alder.

Zonitvoides, Lehman, 1864.
Z. excavata, Bean,
Z. nitida, Mull,

Conulus, Fitzinger, 1833.
C. fulvus, Maid,

Helicide.

M. Pilsbry has very recently in the “Manual of Conchology ”
published such an exhaustive anatomical and conchological study of
the forms grouped under the genus Helix, that a list of the species
according to his classification may be of service. If it is preferred the
last four genera may be placed as sections of Helix,

Punctum, Morse, 1864.
(type, P. minutissimum, Lea = P. pygmaeum, var.)
P. pygmaeum, Drap.
Pyramidula, Fitzinger, 1833.
(type) P. rupestris, Drap.
P. rotundata, Mull.

Heliomanes (Fér.), Mogquin-Tandon, 1855.
(typical example) H. virgata, Drap.

Helicella (Fér.), Risso, 1826.
(example) H. ericetorum, Midd.

Candidula, Kobelé, 1871.
(type H. candidula, Studer.)
C. caperata, Mont,

Cochicella (Fér.), Risso, 1826,
(typical example) C, barbara, L. (= acuta, Drap.)

Theba (Leach), Risso, 1826.
(typical example) T. cantiana, Mont.
T. carthusiana, Alii.

Fruticicola, Held, 1837.
(typical example) F. hispida, Z.
F. granulata, Adder.
F. rufescens, Penn.
F. revelata, Fér.
F, fusca, Mont.

Acanthinula, Bedk., 1846,
(typical example) A. aculeata, Mull.
A. lamellata, Jeff.

Vallonia, Risso, 1826.
(type V. rosalia = V. pulchella + V. costata.)
V. pulchella, Midi.
V. costata, Midd.

Helicodonta (Fér.), Risso, 1826.
(type) H. obvoluta, Midd,
Chilotrema, Leach, 1820.

(first species) C. lapicida, L.

Arionta (Leach), Turton, 1831.
(type) A. arbustorum, L.

Cryptomphalus (Agassiz) Charp, 1837.
(example) C. aspersa (L.)

Helicigona (/ér.), Risso, 1826.
(first species) H. pomatia (Z.)

Tachea (Leach), Turton, 183).
(typical example) T. nemoralis (Z.)
T. hortensis (Miller).

Euparypha, Hartmann, 1842.
(type E. rhodostoma = E. pisana.)
E. pisana (Miiller).

Pupide.
Buliminus, Hhrdg., 1831.
Pupa, Drap, 1805.
Vertigo, Miller, 1774.
Balea, Prideauz, 1824.
Clausilia, Drap., 1805.
Stenogyride.
Cecilioides (Fér.), Blvlde, 1817.
Cochlicopa (Fér.), Risso, 1821.
Azeca (Leach), Fleming, 1828.

The nomenclature as revised by Mr. Smith has been followed in these
three genera.

Succineidee.
Succinea, Drap., 1801.
B. DITREMATA.
Onchidiidee.
Onchidiella, Gray, 1850.

SUB-ORDER GEHYDROPHILA.
Auriculide.
Carychium, Miller, 1744.
Alexia (Leach), Gray, 1847.
Otinide.
Otina, Gray, 1847.

SUB-ORDER HYGROPHILA.

Limnaeide.
Ancylus, Geoffroy, 1767.
Limnaea, Lam., 1801.
Amphipeplea, Nilsson, 1822.
Planorbis, Guettard, 1756.

Physidee.
Physa, Drap., 1801.
Aplexa, Fleming, 1828,

xii,
“ORDER OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.
SUB-ORDER NUDIBRANCHIATA.
These we do not attempt to classify.
SUB-ORDER TECTIBRANCHIATA.
A. CEPHALASPIDEA.
Actaeonidee.
Actaeon, Montfort, 1810.
(type) A. tornatilis, Z.
Tornatinide.

Retusa, Brown, 1827,
(type) R. obtusa, Mont.

Utriculus, Brown, is antedated by Schumacher, in the Conide. Our
other British species are truncatula, Brug., nitidula, Lovén, umbilicata,
Mont., and mammillata, Phil.

Volvulella, Newton, 1891.
(example) V. acuminata, Brug.

Cylichna, Lovén, could not be used for this species, even if it had not
been preoccupied. Volvula, A.Ad., next on the list, clashes with the
prior Volvulus, Oken, and therefore the above is used.

Scaphandride.

Scaphander, Monéft., 1810.
(type) S. lignarius, Z.

Roxania (Leach), Gray, 1847.
(type) R. utriculus, Brocchi.

Diaphana, Brown, 1827.
(type) D. minuta, Brown.

This is the Bulla utriculus of Turton, which clashes with B. utriculus,
Gmel., and we have therefore used Brown’s name. Our other species are
expansa, Jef., ventricosa (= ventrosa), Jeff, and, perhaps, globosa,

Lovén.
Bullinella, Newton, 1891.

B. cylindracea, Penn,

Amongst the synonyms are Bullina, Risso, non Férussac ; and Cylichna,
Lovén, non Cylichnus, Burmeister. Another British species is alba,
Brown.

xiii.
Akeride.
Akera, Miiller, 1776.
(type) A. bullata, Midd.
Haminea (Leach), Gray, 1847.
H. hydatis (LZ. )
Our species is now frequently distinguished as H. navicula, Da Costa,
but sufficient specific distinction is not apparent.
Philinidee.
Philine, Ascanius, 1772.
(type) P. aperta, L.

Our British species will doubtless eventually be broken up into several
sections, but until some general accord is arrived at, it appears safer to
use the old name Philine.

Limacinide.
Limacina, Cuvier, 1817,
L, retroversa, Fleming.
Cavoliniida.
Clio, L.
C. pyramidata, D.
Dr, Pelseneer is followed in the nomenclature, and systematic position
of the last two families.
B. ANASPIDEA.
Aplysiide.
Aplysia, Z., 1767.
(example) A. punctata, L.
Strictly speaking Tethys, Z. (1758), ought perhaps to be used for this
genus.
C, NOTASPIDEA..
Pleurobranchide.
Pleurobranchus, Cuvier, 1805.

The type is P. Peroni, Cuvier ; sub-genera seem hardly necessary for

our two species, P. tuberculatus (= membranaceus) and P. plumula.
Runcinide.

Runcina, Forbes, 1851.
R. Hancocki, Forbes.

Xiv.
ORDER PROSOBRANCHIATA.

SUB-ORDER PECTINIBRANCHIATA.

A. 'TOXOGLOSSA.

Conida.

Our British Pleurotomoid forms require careful grouping. Mangilia,
Risso, has as type WM. costulata, Risso, which, according to Jeffreys,
= nebula, Mont.; again Bela (Leach), Gray, has as type, nebula,
Mont., while Raphitoma, Bellardi, belongs to the same group. Further,
Defrancia, Millet, is preoccupied by Brown in Bryozoa, therefore dealing
conservatively—in the present state of uncertainty—we propose that
Mangilia should stand for the group ot nebula, &c., with Hedropleura,
Monterosata, as a sub-genus for septangularis, and Thesbia, Jeff., as
another for M. nana, Lovén; while Clathurella, Carpenter, shouid cover
the forms allied to purpurea, with Teretia as a subgenus for teres,
Forbes. According to 1ecent authors Donovania, Bueq., Dautz, and
Dollf. = Lachesis, Risso, non. Daudin, nec Savigny, should be placed
here rather than with the Muricide. The type is D. minima, Mont.

B. RACHIGLOSSA.

Fasciolariide,

The following forms have appeared in most British lists as ‘‘ Fusus” :
They do not however accord with the typical forms of that genus, and
may be divided as follows :—

Neptunea, Bolten, 1798.
N., antiqua, L.

Tritonofusns, Beck, 1847,
(type) T. islandicus, Chemn,
T. gracilis, Da Costa.
T. propinquus, Alder.
T. Jeffreysianus, Fischer.
T. fenestratus, Turton,

Troschelia, Aférch, 1876.
T. Berniciensis, King.

XV.
Buccinidee.

Chrysodomus, Swainson, 1840.
C. Turtoni, Bean.

Liomesus, Stimpson, 1865.
L. Dalei, J. Sow.
Buccinopsis had been used both by Conrad and Deshayes before
Jelfreys.
Buccinun, L.
B. undatum, L.

Nasside.
Nassa, Lam, 1799.
N. reticulata, L.
'N. incrassata, Strdm.
N. pygmiea, Lam.
Columbellide.

Columbella, Zam., 1799.
C. Halixeti, Jef

Muricide.

Trophon, Montfort, 1810.
(type T, magellanicum, Gmel. = Ger-
versianum, Padlas.)
T. muricatum, Mont.
T. barvicense, Johnst.
T. truncatum, Strom.

Ocinebra (Leach), Gray, 1847.
O. erinacea, Lam.
O. aciculata, Lam.

This last species belongs to the sub-genus Corallinia, B., D., and D.

C. TAENIOGLOSSA.
Aquillidee.
Aquillus, Montfort, 1810.
(type) A. cutaceus, L.
A. nodifer, Lam.

The genus Triton being preoccupied in other branches of the animal-
kingdom, we have used the above.

XVi.

Cypreide.

Trivia, Gray, 1832.
T. europa, Mont.

Ovula, Brug., 1789.
O. patula, Penn.

Erato, Risse, 1826.
E. levis, Donovan.

Aporrhaide.

Aporrhais, Da Costa, 1778.
A. pes-pelicani, Z.
A. Serresianus, Mich.

We have used this name in preference to Chenopus, FAil. (1836), since
it was adopted by Dillwyn and Gray prior to the publication of
Chenopus.

Cerithiidee.

Triforis, Deshayes, 1825.
(type T. plicatus, Desh.)
T. perversus, L.

Bittium (Leach) Gray, 1847.
(type) B, reticnlatum, Da Costa.

Cerithiopsis, Forbes and Hanley, 1849.
(type) C. tubercularis, Mont.

. Barleei, Jeff.

. Metaxe, D. Ch.

. costulata, Moll.

. metula, Lovén,

. pulchella, Jeff.

oO om

Trichotropide.
Trichotropis, Brod. and Sow., 1829,
(type) T. borealis, Brod. and Sow.
Turritellida.

Turritella, Lam., 1799.
(type) T. terebra, Z.

Our species is now said not to be the true terebra of Linneus, and
perhaps we had best use the name of communis, Risso.

XVii.
Cecide.

Ceeum, Fleming, 1817.
(type) C. trachea, Mont.
C. glabrum, Mont,

Littorinide.

Littorina, Fér., 1821,

(type) L. littorea, LZ.
L. rudis, Maton.
L. neritoides, ZL.
L. obtusata, L.

For the last name it appears advisable to use Neritoides, Brown, as a
sub-genus.
Lacuna, J'urton, 1827.
(type) L. puteolus, Z'urton.
L. divaricata, Fabr.
L. pallidula, Da Costa.
L. crassior, Mont.

Homalogyride.

Homalogyra, Jeff., 1867.
H. atomus, Philippi.
H. rota, Forbes and Hanley.

Skeneidee.

Skenea, Fleming, 1828.
(first species S. depressa, Moné. = 8. planorbis, Fubr.)
S. planorbis, Fabr.

Adeorbiide.
Adeorbis, S. V. Wood, 1842.
A. subearinatus, Mont.
Jeffreysiide.

Jeffreysia, Alder, 1849.
(type) J. diaphana, Alder.
J. opalina, Jef.
J. globularis, Jef.

XVili.
Rissoiidze.

Rissoia, Frém., 1813.
(type R. ventricosa, Desm.; an ally of
BR. membranacea.)

We prefer for the present to reserve our criticism of the sections of

this group.
Barleeia, Clark, 1855,

(type) B. rubra, Mond.

Paludestrinide.
Paludestrina, D’Orb., 1840.

The name Hydrobia having previously (as Hydrobius) been used in
Coleoptera has been replaced by the above. The type of both genera is
P. acuta, Drap. = P. ventresa, Mont.

Bithinia, Gray, 1240.
(type B. ventricosa, Gray = B. tentaculata, L.)

Viviparide.

Viviparus, Montf., 1810.
(type) V. vivipara, ZL.

Valvatidee.

Valvata, O. F. Miill., 1774.
(type) V. cristata, Midd.

Assimineide,

Assiminea (Leach), Fleming, 1828.
(type) A. Grayana, Leach.

Paludinella, Pfeiffer, 1841.
P. littorina, D. Ch.

Truncatellide.
Truncatella, Risso, 1826.

Proposed by Risso for the two forms 7. laevigata and T. costulata, both
of which, as also 7. éruncatula, are synonyms of T. subcylindrica, L.

xix,

Pomatiaside. :

Pomatias, Studer, 1789.
(type) P. elegans, Mill.
The departure of the familiar name Cyclostoma is to be regretted, but

areference to Studer’s original description of Pomatias, and his fixed
type, will prove the necessity of the alteration.

Aciculidee.

Acicula, Hartman, 1821.
(type) A. lineata, Drap,

Capulidee,

Capulus, Montfort, 1810.
(type) C. ungaricus, L.

Calyptraea, Lam., 1799.
(type) C. chinensis, L.

Lamellariide.
Lamellaria, Mont, 1811.

Montagu proposed this named for membranaceus, and haliotoidea,
no special type being named. The former species belongs to Cuvier’s
earlier genus Pleurobranchus, and therefore the name is here used for the
second species. These remarks are made, since authors recently have
used Marsenia, which is many years later in date. Even if this be used
the family name will not be Marseniada, as given by Dr. Bergh, but
Marsentide,

Velutina, Fleming, 1828.
(type) V. levigata, D.

Naticide.
Natica, (Adanson) Scopoli, 1777.

According to Dr. Dall ‘‘ it may be considered positively settled that
the typical Natica has an umbilicus furnished with internal ribs, and a
suleate shelly operculum.” Of our British species, catena, Da Costa ;
sordida, Philippi; Montacuti, Forbes ; grenlandica, Beck ; and Alderi,
Forbes, appear to belong to the section Naticina, Guilding (1834)—type
N. nitida, Donovan; while N. islandica, Gmelin, should be placed in
Amauropsis, Mérch,

XxX.

D. PTENOGLOSSA.

Tanthinide.

Tanthina, Bolten, 1788.

(typical species, I. nitens, Menke).
I. rotundata, Leach.

Scalidee,

Scala, Humphrey, 1797.
(first species S. clathrus, L.)

Those interested in the reasons for preferring this name to Scalaria
will find a valuable discussion by Dr. Dall in his “ Mollusca of the Blake
Expedition,” 1889, pp. 299-307 ; our British species are well known.

Aclis, Lovén, 1846.
(type) A. supranitida, S. V. Wood.

Perhaps Graphis, Jeffreys, might be used as a sub-genus for A. unica,
Mont., and Pherusa, Clark, for A. Gulsone.

E. GYMNOGLOSSA.
Eulimide.
Eulima, Risso, 1826.

Risso’s first species is EZ. elegantissima, which, fide Jeffreys, = EB.
polita, L.

Stilifer, Brod, 1832.

Stylina, Fleming, which is earlier, is preoccupied by Lamarck. The
proper name of our species is Stilifer stilifer, Turton, which is earlier
than S. Turtont, Brod.

Pyramidellidae.
Odostomia, Fleming.

The grouping and correct generic title for this group is under consider-
ation.
Turbonilla, Risso, 1826.

(type T. plicatula, Risso).

This would include all the species near lactea, L.

Eulimella, Forbes, 1846.

(type) E. scille, Scacchi.
Includes also E. acicula, &c.

XXL.

SUB-ORDER SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

A. RHIPHIDOGLOSSA.

Neritide.
Neritina, Lam., 1809.
Turbinide.

Phasianella, Lam., 1808.
(type P. bulimoides, Zam.)
P. pulla, L.

We lack the courage to replace this well-known name by Zutropia,
Humphrey, 1797.

Trochide,

We have followed, in general, Mr. Pilsbry in this group. It will be seen
that the old name of Trochus has vanished from the list, as the genus is
restricted to certain tropical shells. We have thought it of service to
give a full list of our species.

Monodonta, Zam., 1801.
(type M. labio, Z.)
M. lineata, Da Costa.

Gibbula, Risso, 1826.
(type) G. magus, L.
G. cineraria, L.

G. obliquata, Gmel ( = G, umbili-
cata, Mont.)

G. tumida, Mont.

Circulus, Jeff., 1865.
(type) C. striatus, Phil. ( = Duminyi,
Req.)

XX

Valvatella, Gray, 1857.
(type) V. greenlandica, Chemn. ( = undu-
lata, Sou),
V. helicina, Fadr.
V. olivacea, Brown ( = glauca,
Moil.)
V., cineta, Phil. ( = amabilis, Jeff.) -
Valvatella is here used since Leach first proposed Margarita in 1814 for
a group of the Aviculids, and had no right to shift his name to the
Trochide subsequently. Those who do not admit the binomialism of
Chemnitz will perhaps prefer the name of V. undulata, Sow., for the
type species.
Calliostoma, Swainson, 1840.
(type C. conulus, LZ.)
C. zizyphinum, L.
C. occidentale, Migh. and Ad.
C. granulatum, Born.
C. miliaris, Broccht ( = mille-
granus, Phil.)
C. exasperatum, Penn.
C. striatum, L.
C. Montagui, Wood.

Cyclostrematide.
Cyclostrema, Marryat, 1818.

Marryat’s type seems to be C. cancellatum, avery different shell to
our species ; Delphinuloidea, Brown, is, as Jeffreys has remarked,
“cheterogeneous”; perhaps Tubiola, Adams, would be the best name to
use, but the subject being rather uncertain, at present we use the old
name.

Haliotide.
Haliotis, Z,
(type) H. tuberculata, Z.

Pleurotomariide.

Scissurella, D'Orb., 1823.
(type S. costata, D’Ord.)
8. crispata, Fleming.

xxiii.
Fissurellide.
Fissurella, Brug., 1789.
(Type F. nimbosa, an uncertain species, but certainly of this group.)
F. greea, L.

Emarginula, Lam., 1801.
(type) E. fissura, Z.
E. rosea, Bell.

Puncturella, Lowe, 1827.
(type) P. noachina, L.

DOoxoGLOoSsA. Acmeide.

Acmexa, Eschscholtz.
(type A. mitra, Esch.)
A. virginea, Mii.
A. testudinalis, Afudl.

Lepetide.

Lepeta, Gray, 1847.
(type) L. caeca, Mill.

Pilidium, Forbes, 1849.
(type) P. fulvum, Mud.

Propilidium, Forbes and Hanley, 1849.
(type) P. ancyloide, Forbes.

Patellide.

Patella, L.
(typical example) P. vulgata, L.

Patina, (Leach) Gray, 1847.
(type P. cserulea, Monz., non ‘L. = P.
pellucidum, L.)
P. pellucidum, Z.

The type species of Helcion, Montfort, is pectinata, Born, and therefore
the name can hardly be used for our British shell.

XXiv.
CLASS AMPHINEURA.
ORDER POLYPLACOPHORA.

In this Order the recent monograph by Pilsbry has been followed in
the main.

SUB-ORDER EOPLACOPHORA.
Lepidopleuride.

Lepidopleurus, Risso, 1826.
(type L. cajetanus, Poli.)
L. cancellatus, Sow., 1839.
L. seabridus, Jeff., 1880.
L. onyx, Spengler,1797 (= cinereus,
auct., non L.)

Hanleya, Gray, 1857.
(type) H. Hanleyi, Bean.
SUB-ORDER MESOPLACOPHORA.
Ischnochitonide.

Tonicella, Carpenter, 1873.
(type) T. marmorea, Fabr., 1780.
T. ruber, Z.

Callochiton, Gray, 1847.
(type) C. levis, Mont., 1803.

Trachydermon, Carpenter, 1863.
(example) T. cinereus, Z. ( =warginatus, auct.)
T. albus, L.

Acanthochitide.
Acanthochites, Risso, 1826.

According to Mr, Pilsbry the first two species are probably our
British forms.
A. discrepans, Brown, 1845.
A. fascicularis, L.

XXV.
CLASS SCAPHOPODA.
Dentaliide.

Dentalium, L.
(typical example D. elephantinum, L.)
D. vulgare, Da Costa(=Tarentinum,
Lam.)
D. entalis, L.
D. striolatum, Stimpson ( = abys-
sorum, Sars.)

Siphodentalium, Sars, 1849.

S. lofotense, Sars.

Cadulus, Philippi, 1844,
C. subfusiformis, Sars.

C, Jeffreysi, Monterosato.

The classification of the Pelecypoda (frequently called also
Lamelli branchiata) is a subject to which much attention has been
given, especially by continental malacologists, but with results which,
as yet, can hardly be called thoroughly satisfactory. Various schemes
have been tried, of which, perhaps, the most familiar to British
collectors (from its having been followed by Gwyn Jeffreys) is that
founded on the presence or absence of siphons. This was proposed
by D’Orkbigny, but has now been generally abandoned, and
we are chiefly concerned with that of Fischer, extended and re-
written by Pelseneer, and that of Neumayer and Dall. By this
it is not intended to imply that the systems of Fischer and Pelseneer,
Neumayer and Dall, are respectively identical, but merely that they
are founded on similar lines. The former are malacological, founded
on the structure of the gills, the latter conchological, founded on
the characters of the hinge. While admitting in favour of these
last characters that their great value in classifying fossils renders
them of perhaps greatergeneral applicability, still they appear to have
as yet nct been sufficiently tested, and the most satisfactory course, in

XXVi.

such a work as the present, will be to adopt the families (in general)
of Fischer as used in his ‘‘ Manuel de Conchyliologie,” and to
follow, with some minor modifications, the re-arrangement of these
on Pelseneer’s scheme as given by Mr. B. B. Woodward, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist., ser. 6, Vol xi., pp. 156-159. It appears, again, that the
five great divisions of Pelseneer, which result in the separation of
families so nearly related as the Arcide and Nuculide, Aviculida
and Mytilidee, into different Orders can scarcely be justified ; and the
explanation appears to be that our knowledge of the Pelecypoda
has not yet arrived at a point where an ideal classification can be
constructed. The grouping of the Families into Orders being there-
fore somewhat in an unsatisfactory state, the Sub-orders will alone be
used as Orders, and the general arrangement of these will be a
combination of the two schemes which follow; the difference in
their order being due to the fact that in one case a commencement
has been made with the highest forms, in the other the lowest. It
should also be borne in mind that Sub-orders and Families found in
British waters are alone shown here.

The two schemes consist of—(1) the Orders, Families, &c.,
as arranged by Fischer in his ‘Manuel ;” (2) Fischer’s Families
as arranged by Mr. B. B. Woodward on Pelseneer’s scheme.
They are printed side by side for comparison.

PELECYPODA.
FISCHER. WOODWARD.
TETRABRANCHIA, SEPTIBRANCHIATA.
Ostracea. Poromyide.
Ostreide. Cuspidariide.
Rumi, EULAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Anatinacea.
Pectinacea.

Anatinida (ex. Poromya)
Limide. Lyonsiide.

Pectinide. Pandoride.

Mytilacea.
Aviculide.
Mytilide.

Arcacea,
Arcide.

Nuculide.

Subimytilacea,
Unionide.
Astartide.
Kellyellide.

Erycinacea.
Erycinide,
Galeommide.

Cardiacea.
Cardiidze.

Conchacea,
Cyprinide.
Veneride.
Cyrenide.
Ungulinide.
Donacide.
‘Psammobiidee.
Solenide.

Myacea.
Mactridee.
Myide.
Saxicavide.
Gastrochznide.

Adesmacea.
Pholadide.

Teredinide.

XXXVI.
Pholadacea.
Teredinidz.
Pholadidx,

Gastrochanide.

Myacea.
Solenidee.
Myide.

Lutrariide.

Cardiacea.

Cardiide.

Veneracea.
Psammobiide.
Cyrenidx.
Veneride.
Cyprinidae.

Tellinacea.
Scrobiculariida.
Tellinide.
Donacidee
Mesodesmatide.

Mactride (ex. Lutraria).

Submytilacea.
Galeommide.
Erycinide (ex. Montacuta).
Kellyellida.
Ungulinide.
Lucinide (ince. Montacuta),
Astartidee.
Unionide.
Dreissensiide.

Modiolopside.

XXViii.

DIBRANCHIA. PSEUDOLAMELLIBRANCHIATA.
Lucinacea. Ostreidee
Lucinide. Aviculide,
Tellinacea. Pectinidee
Tellinidee. Limide.
Scrobiculariide, FILIBRANCHIATA.
Anatinacea. Mytilide (ex. Dreissensia).
Cuspidariide. Anomiide.
Pandoride. Arcide.
Lyonsiide. PROTOBRANCHIATA.
Anatinide. Nuculide.

The order therefore adopted is :—

Arcacea.
Family Arcide.
Genus Arca, L,
Barbatia, Gray.
Peetunculus, Lam.
Limopsis, Sassi.
Nuculacea.
Family Nuculide.
Genus Nucula, Lum.
Lada, Schum.
Ostracea.
Family Ostieide.
Genus Ostrea, L.

Family Anomiidae.

Genus Anomia, L.

XXix.

Pectinacea.
Family Pectinide.

Genus Pecten, Miiller.

Family Limidae.
Genus Lima, Brug.

Limea, Brown.

Mytilacea.
Family Mytilide.
Genus Mytilus, LZ.
Modiola, Lam.
Crenella, Brown.

Modiolaria, Lovén.

Family Aviculide.
Genus Avicula, Klein.
Pinna, L.

Submytilacea.
Family Dreissensiidz.

Genus Dreissensia, P. Van Beneden.

Family Unionide.
Genus Unio, Phalipsson.

Anodonta, Lam.

Family Cyrenide.
Genus Sphzerium, Scopoli.
Pisidium, C. Pfeiffer.

Family Kelliidz.
Genus Kellia, Turton.
Lasea, Leach.
Lepton, Turton.

Montacuta, Turton.

XXX.

Family Galeommide.

Genus Galeomma, Turton.

Family Kelliellide.

Genus Turtonia, Forbes and Hanley.

Family Ungulinide.
Genus Ptychina, Philippi (= Axinus),

Diplodonta, Bronn.

Family Lucinide.
Genus Lucina, Brug.

Loripes, Poli.

Family Astartide,
Genus Astarte, J. Sow.

Family Arcticide.
Genus Arctica, Schum. ( = Cyprina).

Isocardia, Klein.

Tellinacea.
Family Tellinide.
Genus Tellina, Z.

Gastrana, Schum.

Family Scrobiculariide.
Genus Scrobicularia, Schaum.

Syndosmya, Recluz.

Family Mesodesmatide.

Genus Ervilia, Turton.

Family Donacide.

Genus Donax, L.
Family Mactride.
Genus Mactra, L.

Lutraria, Lam.

XXX1,

Cardiacea.
Family Cardiide.
Genus Cardium, L.

Levicardium, Swainson.

Veneracea,
Family Veneridze,
Genus Venus, L.
Meretrix, Lam.
Circe, Schum.
Dosinia, Scopoli.
Lucinopsis, Forbes and Hanley,
Tapes, Mihlfeldt.

Venerupis, Lam.

Family Psammobiide.

Genus Psammobia, Lam.

Myacea,
Family Myide.
Genus Mya, L.
Corbula, Brug.

Family Saxicavidee.

Genus Saxicava, F. de Bellevue.

Family Solenide.
Genus Solen, L.
Cultellus, Schum.
Pharus, Leach.
Solecurtus, Blvile.
Pholadacea.
Family Pholadide.
Genus Pholas, L.
Pholadidea, Turton.

Xylophaga, Turton,

XXxXil.

Family Teredinide.
Genus Teredo, L.

Family Gastrochenide.

Genus Gastrochena, Spengler.

Anatinacea.
Family Anatinide.
Genus Cochlodesma, Couthuoy.
Thracia, (Leach) Blainville.

Family Pandoride.

Genus Pandora, Brug.

Family Lyonsiide.

Genus Lyonsia, Turton.

Poromyacea.
Family Poromyide.

Genus Poromya, Forbes.

Family Cuspidariidee.

Genus Cuspidaria, Nardo ( = Neeera).

It will be observed that the genus Awinus’ has been replaced by
Ptychina, inasmuch as Kirby has previously made use of the name in
1817, Sowerby’s genus not being published until 1821. Cyprina has been
replaced by Arctica, since the former had been previously used by
Linneus in Fishes. Similarly Newra (Gray, 1834, non Robineau
Devoidy, 1830) has been replaced by Cuspidaria ; and the shell usually
called Amphidesma castaneum has been valled Ervilia nitens, Mont.
Other changes have been dealt with in the systematic portion. The
genus Saxicava might with advantage be provided with a sub-genus
Panomya, Gray, for S. norvegica.

OOF

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Class CEPHALOPODA.
Order DIBRANCHIATA.

Sub-order Decaropa.

SEPIIDA.

SEPIA, Z., 1758.
1. S. officinalis, ZL.

Very common around our coasts, occasionally cast up on the
shore, seldom taken aléwe ; the well-known depressed, ovate-
oblong shell often seen on the sandy shore. Scarce in the
north, very abundant in the Mediterranean.

Weymouth, Smallmouth sands, J. C. M.-P.

Studland Bay sands, J. C. M.-P.

LOLIGO, Lamarck, 1801.

2. L. media, L.

This squid is only about four inches long, with a body taper-
ing to a point, flesh colour, with numerous reddish spots,
transparent.

Kimmeridge Bay ; dredged alive and cast up on the shore,
J, C. M.-P.

2 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Class GASTROPODA.
Order PULMONATA.

Sub-order GEOoPHILA.

MONOTREMATA.

TESTACELLIDA.
TESTACELLA, Cuv., 1800.

3. T. haliotidea, Draparnaud.

Not uncommon in the Metropolitan district, also in Guernsey ;
very common in the South of France.

“ Proceedings” Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. v., p. 138.

Gardens, The Down House, Blandford, J. C. M.-P.

Montevideo, Chickerell, NV. Richardson.

4. T. maugei, Pérussac.

This snail is seldom met with in England. It was originally
(in 1801) noticed as a native of Teneriffe, and it appears
also to be indigenous to Madeira, the Canary Islands,
Portugal, and the South-west of France. Transported here
probably with the earth attached to the roots of plants.

It is one of the few carnivorous land-mollusca, penetrating the
soil to the depth of two or three feet or more, and preying
voraciously upon earthworms, which it pursues through
their galleries. It will devour a lob-worm larger than itself,
seizing it in the middle, and cutting it in two. It has been
seen swallowing one extremity of the worm while the other
was twisting about in all directions. The teeth are recurved
and sharp, and when once fixed in the worm there is no
chance of escape. It is provided with a small shell near the
posterior extremity, about one-fourth of its length.

“Proceedings” Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. v., p. 139.

Corfe Castle Rectory, Eustace Bankes.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 3

VITRINIDA.
VITRINA, Draparnaud, 1801.

Inhabits cold, temperate regions.
Generally distributed.

. V. pellueida, Mill.

Lives in moist situations, in loose earth and decayed timber,
moss, and under stones.

Ulwell ; Whatcombe Park wall; old trees, Clenston Wood,
J.C. M.-P.

LIMACIDE.
AMALIA, 1855.

. A. gagates (Draparnaud). Limax gagates, Drap.

Hedges, roots of grass, under walls,

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iv., p. 25.

Portland, under a stone, at the foot of a thorn hedge,
R. D. Darbishire.

Var. plumbea. Spettisbury, C. Asiford.

Fossil ; Portland, Pleistocene bed, near the Bill, Prestwich,

. A. marginatus, Miller.

This slug is predatory, living especially on live worms and
smaller slugs.

Under old walls, stones, and among dead leaves.

Generally distributed.

LIMAX, Z., 1758.
._ L, flavus, Z

Moist woods, cellars, damp places,
Generally distributed.

. L. agrestis, Z.

Woods, fields, gardens.

Moquin Tandon says this slug lays from 25 to 70 eggs at a
time, and between the months of April and November it
does not lay less than 200. The eggs are hatched from the
seventeenth to the twentieth day. The young attain their
full development within three months,

Fossil; Pliocene,

4 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

10. L. arborum, Bouchard Chanteraus.

Frequents trees, especially the beech and walnut, under the
bark of trees that have been felled and decayed. It is
occasionally found under stones and among rocks. Professor
E. Forbes found it creeping on stones and rocks 1,500 feet
above the level of the sea in County Kerry.

East Lulworth, near the carpenter’s yard, Kendall.

Weymouth, Damon.

Clenston Wood, J. C. M.-P.

11. L. maximus, L.

Woods, gardens, hedges, under old logs of wood.
Generally distributed.

12. L. brunneus, Bouchard Chanteraux.

Regarded by Gwyn Jeffreys as a doubtful species and probably
only a small variety of L. agrestis.

Wool, Kendall.

Whatcombe Park, J. C. M.-P.

ARIONIDA.

ARION, Ferussac, 1819.

13. A. ater, L.
Woods, hedges, fields, damp places.
Generally distributed.

Var. albolateralis, Roebuck ; Maiden Castle, 7. F. Brown.

14. A. hortensis, Férussac.
Like the preceding, the shell is granular, but the granules
differ in being cemented together.
Lives under stones and dead leaves.
Generally distributed.

15. A. eireumscriptus, Johnston.
Conchologist, Vol. i., p. 34, 35.
Var. americanus, Pollonera. Sturminster Marshall, 7. D. A.

Cockerell.
Var. subalbidus, Cockerell. T. D. A. Cockerell.

16.

17.

18.

19.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 5

ZONITIDE.

The forms so frequently called Zonites still merit a thorough
revision ; for present purposes it seems wisest to follow
Tryon and E. A. Smith, using their ‘“ sections” as genera
and grouping them in the following way :—

VITREA, Fitzinger, 1853.

V. erystallina (Mil’.) Zonites erystallinus (Gray).

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 44.

Under stones, among moss in woods, and damp places.

Very smooth, shining, hyaline, depressed.

Generally distributed.

Weymouth, Damon.

Wareham, Stoborough meadows, J. H. Austen.

Creech Grange Wood; Houghton Wood; Whatcombe Park,
J.C. M.-P.

POLITA, Held, 1837.

P. cellaria, Mill. Zonites cellarius, Gray. Helix
nitens (Mat. and Rack.}

Pulteney, p. 54, pl. 10, f. 22.

Cellars, under stones, drains, among grass.
Generally distributed.

Fossil: Blashenwell tufaceous deposit.

P. alliaria (Mdll.) Zonites alliarius, Mii.

Glossy, amber colqur, more transparent and fulgent than
the preceding ; has a smell of garlic.

On stone walls, fallen timber, under stones.

Generally distributed.

Clenston Wood, under the bark of fallen trees, J. C. M.-P.

Smedmore, on walls under ivy, J. C. M.-P.

P. pura (4id.) Zonites purus, Ald.

Among dead leaves and moss.

Bloxworth, C. 0. P. Cambridge.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Weymouth, Damon.

Houghton Wood, Whatcombe Park, J. C. M.-P.

23.

THE MOLILUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Morden Park, J. C. A-P.
Creech Grange Wood, J. C. M.-P.
Wilkes Wood, J. C. M.-P.

P. nitidula (Drap.) Zonites nitidulus, Drap.

Woods, under stones among moss and dead leaves.

Not uncommon.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Clenston Wood, Houghton Stubbs, Whatcombe Park.

Langton Matravers, Leeson Wood, Mrs. Beccles; Wilkes
Wood, Smedmore, J. C. I-P.

Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement Reid.

. P. radiatula (Alder.) Zonites radiatulus, Ald.

Under fallen trees, among dead leaves and moss.

Purbeck Papers, vol. ii., p. 44.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Weymouth, Damon.

Swanage, Godlingston, R. H. Soden Smith.

Leeson Wood, Jfrs. Beccles; Langton Matravers, Wilkes
Wood, J. C. M.-P.

Whatcombe Park, J. C. AZ-P.

Sub-genus ZonrrorpEs, Lehmann.

. Z. nitida (Miller). Zonites nitidus, Mull.

Under loose stones, decayed wood, and roots of grass
especially in marshy places.

Weymouth, Damon.

Morden, Bere Regis, C. 0. P. Cambridge.

Puncknowle, water-courses, and among the roots of grass,
J.C. M.-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, among the roots of grass,
J.C. M.-P.

Houghton Stubbs, J. C. M.-P.

Z. excavata (Bean). Zonites excavatus, Bean.

Under fallen trees, among dead leaves, and moss in shady
woods

East Lulworth, Kendal.

Weymouth, Damon.

24,

LS)
Ot

26.

~y

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

CONULUS, Fitzinger 1833.

C. fulvus (Jil/.) Helix fulva, Mull.

Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 178.

Under decayed wood, leaves, stones, in woods and in
marshy places.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Langton Matravers, in moss, Wilkes Wood Farm, R. JZ.
Soden Smith.

HELICIDZE.

M. Pilsbry gives so exhaustive an account, both anatomical
and conchological, in his ‘* Manual,” that we have followed
him first, and place the last four genera as sections of Lelia.

PUNCTUM, Morse, 1854.

. P. pygmeum (Drap.) Helix pygmea, Drap.

Purbeck papers, p. 44.

Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 177.

Woods, moist places, under stones and dead leaves,

Godlingston, near Swanage, R. H. Soden Smith.

East Lulworth, Kendull.

Whatcombe Park, Houghton Stubbs, J. C. M.-P.

Smedmore, at the foot of stone walls, Swanage, Round-down,
under stones, J. C. AL-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell, J. H. Austen.

PYRAMIDULA, /itz., 1833.

P. rupestris, Drap. Helix rupestris, Studer. H, um-
bilicata, Forbes and Hanley.

Pulteney, p. 19, f. 24.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iv., p. 81, pi. 121, f. 7, 8.

Mont. Test., Brit., p. 434, pl. 13, f. 2.

On rocks, walls, and stones.

Portland, under loose stones, Montayw; Mr. Sykes found
80 under one stone at Portland.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Corfe Castle river, Montagu, very abundant. In Purbeck
there is not a stone wall which is not the resort of this
little snail, J. C. IZ-P.

Puncknowle, stone walls, J. C. IL.-P.

Houghton Stubbs, J. C. 22.-P.

8 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

27. P. rotundata (Miull.) H. rotundata, Mill. H. radiata,
Da Costa.

Pulteney, p. 54, pl. 20, £ 15, 16.

Under stones, logs of wood, bark of old trees.
Generally distributed.

Fossil : Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

HELIOMANES (fér) Mogquin-Tandon, 1855.

28. H. variabilis, Drap. Helix virgata Da Costa.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 20, f. 7.

Brit.-Conch, Vol. i, p. 210.

Downs, limestone, chalk pastures, and heather; exceedingly
abundant on and near the sea coast,

Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys says the largest specimen of H. virgata
that I have ever seen were collected by Mr. W. Thompson
at Weymouth ; they are four-fifths of an inch in breadth.

Mr. Clement Reid sent me specimens of similar dimensions
which he collected last year (1896) at Affpuddle. I have
found them equally large at Puncknowle, J. C. L.-P.

Generally distributed.

Var. carinata, Jefveys. Winfrith, Daniel.

Weymouth, Damon.
White with translucent bands, Maiden Castle and Portland,

E. F. Burrows.

Almost black with traces of lighter peripheral zones, Portland,
LE. R. Sykes.

Fossil: Portland, Pleistocene bed, cliff near the Bill,
Prestwich.

HELICELLA (Fer) Risso, 1826.

29. H. ericetorum (Mull.) Helix ericetorum, Mull.
Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 20, f. 8.
Dry heaths, downs, woods, hedge-banks,
Generally distributed.
Tilly Whim, J. H. Austen.
Especially large and dark banded; Gadcliff and Worbarrow,
J.C. M.-P.

Var. alba, Charpentier.

Hedge-banks, Liscombe Bottom ; quarry on hill above
Kimmeridge, J. C. AL-P.
Fossil: Blashenwell, Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

30.

31.

33.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 9

CANDIDULA, Kobelt, 1871.

C. caperata (Mont.) Helix caperata, Mont.

This is the Helix fasciolata of Poiret.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 19, f. 20.

Downs, on stalks of grass, under stones.

Generally distributed.

Worbarrow, Kendall.

Portland ; covers the downs and grassy lands, Damon.

Muston Down, above Winterborne Kingston ; Clenston ;
Liscombe Bottom, abundant, J. C. M.-P.

Banks of the Fleet, Abbotsbury, J. C. JL-P.

COCHLICELLA (Fer) Risso, 1826.

C. barbara (Z.) Helix acuta, Mill. Bulimus acutus,
Forbes and Hanley.

Pulteney, p, 55, pl. 18, f. 8, 10.

Maton and Rackett, Transactions, Lin. Soc. Vol. viii., p. 210.

Abundance on the waste land on the chalk, Purbeck and Port-
land, Forbes and Hanley.

Bindon Abbey, abundant, Kendall.

Lulworth Cove, Maton and Rackett, E. R. Burrows.

Weymouth, sand banks between Ferry-bridge and Portland,
Damon; The Nothe, J. C. M.-P.

Worbarrow Bay, J. C. M.-P.

Down, between Mewps Bay and Arish Mill, J. C. M.-P.

THEBA (Leach), Risso, 1826.

. T. Cantiana (Mont.) Helix Cantiana, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 19, f. 21.

Hedges, wooded banks, and walls.

Stickland, high-road near Normandy Farm, Clement Reid ;
Spettisbury, Rackett, confirmed by Mr. Clement Reid,
March, 1897.

Weymouth, Damon.

FRUTICICOLA, Held, 1837.
F, hispida (Z.) Helix hispida, L.
Pulteney, p. 54, pl. 21, f. 10.
Under stones, logs of wood, in moss and grass, woods, hedges.
Generally distributed.

Fossil: Blashenwell tufaceous deposit, Clement Reid ; Port-
land, Quaternary bed, near the Bill, Budden.

34

35.

36.

37.

10 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

. F. eoneinna (Jefreys). Helix conecinna, Jeffreys.

H. hispida (var. concinna), Forbes and Hanley.

Jeffreys separates this species from H. hispida. The shell is
sub-conic and not globose as is the case with hispida and
more glossy, the hairs more scattered, and the body of the
snail is reddish-krown, instead of grayish-brown or slate
colour.

Generally distributed.

Wareham; banks of Frome, A. H. Soden Smith,

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Abbotsbury Swannery ; banks of the estuary.

Bushy places, Chapman’s Pool, St. Alban’s Head, J. C. M.-P.

Houghton Stubbs, J. C. M.-P.

F. granulata, Alder. Helix sericea, dill.

Brit. Conch, Vol. i, p. 201.

Under moss, hedge-banks, damp meadows.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Langton Matravers, Worth Wood, J. C. M.-P.

Stoborough, banks of river, left high and dry after floods,
J.C. M.-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis ; water-courses and meadow,
Houghton Stubbs, Whatcombe Park, J. C. JL.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement
Reid.

F. rufescens (Penn). Helix rufescens, Penn.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 20, f. 6.

Hedges, gardens, under stones, or decayed trees.

Generally distributed.

Puncknowle, extremely large and fine, double the ordinary
size, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Dr. Z'urner.

F. fusca (Jfont.) Helix fusca, Mont.

Woods, brambles, young trees, osier beds.

“ Proceedings ” Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. xii., p. 104.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Langton Matravers, on the lower road to Corfe Castle,
J.C. M.-P.

Bloxworth ; Bere Regis, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Houghton Stubbs, J. C. M.-P.

38.

39.

40.

41.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. ll

ACANTHINULA, Beck, 1846.

A. aculeata (Mill.) Helix aculeata, Mull. Helix
spinulosa, Lightfoot.

Pulteney, p. 54, pl. 19, f. 23.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 43. Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 178.

Among dead leaves and in moss woods.

Lloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Langton Matravers, Leeson Wood, Mrs. Beccles; Quarleston
Farm, 2. W. Soden Smith.

Spettisbury, 7. Rackett.

Weymouth, Damon.

Three miles N.E. of Dorchester, Z. R. Sykes.

Fossil: Blashenwell tufaceous deposit, Clement Reid.

VALLONIA, Risso, 1820.

V. pulchella (A/ill.) Helix pulchella, J/i7.

Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 177. Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 43.
Under stones, logs of wood, in moss and roots of grass,
Portland, £. R. Sykes.

Weymouth, C. 0. P. Cambridge.

Bloxworth, C. 0. P. Cambridge.

Creech Grange ; Holme, and on the heaths, Purbeck Papers.
Swanage, Round Down, J. C. IL.-P.

Whatcombe Park, J. C. I1.-P.

Portland Quaternary bed, near the Bill, Bullen.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

V. costata (Muil.) Helix pulchella, Var. costata, A/ilI.

Under stones, logs of wood, in moss and roots of grass.
Swanage, damp spots, &. H. Soden Snith.
East Lulworth, Kendall.

HELICIGONA (£ér), Risso, 1826.
H. lapicida (Z.) Helix lapicida, L.
Pulteney, p. 52, pl. 20, f. 9.
Rocks, walls, woods, hedge-banks.
Generally distributed.
Especially abundant at Portland, £. BR. Sykes.
Bloxworth, C. 0. P. Cambridge.
Gadcliff, abundant, Corfe Castle, J. C. M.-P.
Hedge-banks, Whatcombe, Houghton Wood, Liscombe,

J.C. M.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

42

43.

44,

12 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

ARIANTA (Leach), Turton, 1831.

. A. arbustorum (Z.) Helix arbustorum, L.

Moist shady places, hedges, woods.

Bloxworth, C. 0. P. Cambridge,

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Liscombe Bottom, J. C. M.-P.

Encombe, Swyre Hill, Creech Grange Wood, J. C. M.-P.

Stoke Wake Hill, Houghton Wood, with three bands round
the last whorl, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Biashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement
Reid.

CRYPTOMPHALUS (Agassiz), Charpentier, 1857.

C. aspersa, Mull. Helix aspersa, Mill. H. hortensis,
Pulteney.

Pulteney, p. 55, pl. 20, f. 1.

Woods, gardens, where they are especially abundant.
Generally distributed,

Occasionally found in ancient interments.

TACHEA (Leach), Turton, 1831.

T. nemoralis (Z.) Helix nemoralis, L.

Pulteney, p. 54, pl. 21, f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8.
Woods, gardens, and hedges.
Generally distributed.

Var. hybrida, Potret, Rodwell, Weymouth, Damon.

Var. major, East Lulworth, Kendall; Gadcliff ; brilliantly coloured

with broad dark brown bands, which nearly equal the
ground colour of the shell, J. C. M.-P.

Var. minor, Jeffreys, Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil :. Blashenwell Quaternary deposit.

45.

46.

47,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 13

T. hortensis (Jfil/.) Helix hortensis, Miil.

Pulteney, pl. 21, f. 6.

Differs usually from the preceding by the white peristome and
rib of the same colour. This difference is not always
constant.

Generally distributed.

— ? Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement

eid.

EUPARYPHA, Hartman, 1842.

E. Pisani (Mill.) Helix pisana, Mill. H. cingenda,
ult.

Pulteney, p. 52, pl. 18, f. 5.

‘*‘ Proceedings” Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, Vol. xii, p. 104.

Between Lulworth and Weymouth (very vaywe), Pulteney ;
Muston Down, Winterborne Kingston, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Mr. Cambridge found only two specimens. This shell is
restricted usually to the immediate neighbourhood of the
sea,

PUPIDA.
BULIMINUS, Zhrndg, 183).

B. obscurus (Mill.) Bulimus obscurus, Mull. Helix
obscura, Gel.

Pulteney, p. 55, pl. 19, £. 17.

Mont. Test. Brit., p. 391, pl. 22, f. 5.

Upon trunks of trees, among dead leaves in woods, on walls,
and rocks.

Portland, on the highest parts, under stones, Montagu.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

East Lulworth, Kendall, #. F. Burrows.

Worth Matravers, Seacombe Quarries, Encombe and Chap-
man’s Pool, Smedmore, walls, and under ivy, Gadcliff,
J.C. M.-P.

Houghton Wood, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

Var. alba, Jeffreys. Lulworth, Jeffreys.

48

49,

50.

51.

14 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

. [B. montanus, Draparnaud. Bulimus montanus, Drap.

Lives on trunks of trees, chiefly beech, ash, and hornbeam,
in the woods of southern and western counties.
Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement Reid. |

PUPA, Drap.

P. secale, Drap, 1835. Turbo juniperi, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 19, f. 11.*

Maton and Rackett, Trans. Linn. Soc., Vol. viii., p. 182.
Brit. Conch, Vol. i, p. 243.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 45.

Rocks, cliffs, hills, woods,

Abbotsbury Hill, near St. Catherine’s Chapel, Byer.
Portland, C. O. P. Cambridge.

East Lulworth (rare), Jeffreys, BE. R. Sykes.

Gadcliff, J. C. M.-P.

Swanage, cliffs, Durleston Bay ; Round Down, J. C. M.-P.

P. umbilicata, Drap.

Pulteney, p. 51, in part.

On walls and rocks, under stones, and among dead leaves, and
under bark of trees,

Generally distributed.

Very abundant in the Isle of Purbeck ; on the walls about
Smedmore House.

Ulwell, near Swanage, J. C. M.-P.

Houghton Wood, J. C. JZ-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement Reid.

P. muscorum (L.) P, marginata, Drap. Turbo
muscorum, L.

Pulteney, p. 51, in part.

Brit. Conch, Vol. i, p. 249.

Under stones, roots of grass, and dead leaves.

Less common than the preceding.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Houghton Stubbs, J, C. M.-P.

Var, bigranata, Fossm.

Lulworth, Jeffreys.
Fossil: Portland, Quaternary bed, cliff near the Bill, and
Chesilton, Prestwich.

52,

53.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 15
VERTIGO, Mill, 1774.

V. antivertigo (Drap.) Pupa antivertigo, Drap.

Under stones and fallen timber, on water plants, and in
marshy places.

East Lulworth, Kemdall.

Bloxworth, C. O. P, Cambridge.

Wool, near the railway station, Kendall.

Morden Park Lake, on reeds, J. C. M.-P.

V. pygmexa (Drap.) Pupa pygmea, Drap.

Brit. Conch., Vol. i. p. 258.

Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 178.

Under stones, logs of wood, or roots of grass.

Chapman’s Pool, among moss (rare), £2. H. Soden Smith.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

East Lulworth, #. Kendall.

Weymouth, near the two-mile-stone, Dorchester main-road,
C. O. P. Cambridge.

Houghton Stubbs, J. C. I-P.

Var. pallida, Jeffreys. Bindon Meadows, Wool, Daniel.

54.

55.

V. edentula (Drap.) Pupa edentula, Drap.

Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 178.

Woods, under leaves, roots of trees, reeds.

Frequent aud well diffused in the Purbeck district, 2. H.
Soden Smith.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Yast Lulworth, Cole Wood, Kendall.

Chapman’s Pool, Encombe, R. H. Soden Smith.

Morden Park Lake, on Sparganium, J. C. M.-P.

Whatcombe Park, J. C. M.-P.

V. pusilla (Mill.) Pupa pusilla, Mull.

Under stones and among dead leaves and moss in woods.

Mewps Bay, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement
Reid.

56

57.

58.

16 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

. V. minutissima (Hartmann). Pupa minutissima,

Hartmann.

Brit. Conch., Vol. i., p. 270.

Under stones, dead leaves, in moss.

East Lulworth, G. Jeffreys.

Portland, common on the east coast, £. R. Sykes; Weymouth,
Osmington, C. O. P. Cambridge.

BALFA, Prideaux.

B. perversa (Z.) Turbo perversa, LZ. Balea
fragilis, L.

Pulteney, p. 51.

On trunks of trees, rocks, and walls covered with lichen.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Weymouth, Damon.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Smedmore, J. C. M-P.

Whatcombe Park ; Clenstone Wood, J. C. M.-P.

CLAUSILIA, Dray, 1805.

C, rugosa, Drap. bidentatus, Strém. C. nigricans
(Maton and Rackett).

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 19, f. 10.

On walls, rocks, moss, under stones, and on trees,

Generally distributed.

Abundant on stone walls, Smedmore, J. C. I.-P.

Hedge-banks, Liscombe Bottom ; Milton Park wall, south side ;
among moss, Houghton Stubbs; Whatcombe Park, J.C. M.-P.

Fossil: Blashen well Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement Reid.

. C. laminata (Mont.) Turbo laminatus, AZont.

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 19, f. 9.

Trunks and roots of trees, especially on the beech, and
bushy cliffs.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

Hedge-banks, Bagher, Miltoa Abbas, Clement Reid.

East Lulworth, Kendall; Liscombe Bottom, J. C. M.-P.

Grange Wood, on heech trees; Studland, bushy places, Old
Harry, J. C. M.-P.

Var. albida, Jeffreys. East Lulworth, F. Burrows.

Fossil; Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

60.

61.

62.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 17
C. Rolphii, Gray.

Under stones, among dead leaves, and in the bark of trees.

This shell has hitherto been found only in Kent, Sussex,
Hants, and Gloucestershire, occurring in a few places. As
it is associated in the neighbouring county of Hants with
Felix obvoluta and Buliminus montanus, it is not improb-
able that these too may be found at Liscombe.

This species is an Upper Tertiary fossil.

Liscombe Bottom, among dead leaves, J. C. M.-P.

STENOGYRIDZ.
COCHLICOPA (Fér), Risso, 1819.

C. lubrica (Mull.) Zua lubrieca, Mull. Helix lubriea,
Mont.

Pulteney, p. 55, pl. 21, f. 18.

Under stones, logs of wood, on moss and dead leaves.

Whatcombe Park ; Houghton Stubbs; Chamherlaynes, Bere
Regis, J. C. M.-P.

Smedmore ; Wareham, Stoborough Meadows, J. C. AZ-P.

Fossil : Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit,

CECILIOIDES (Fér), Blainvil/e, 1817.

C. acicula (Mill.) Achatina acicula, Miller.

Rohinson’s Purbeck, p. 117.

Under stones, ronts of trees, grass, bushes, usually beneath
the surface.

Portland, C. O. P. Cambridge ; Weymouth, Damon.

Ulwell, near Swanage, at base of Chalk-range; Punfield,
J.C. M-P.

Houghton Stubbs, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

18 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

AZECA, Leach, 1818.

63. A. tridens (Pult.) Cochlicopa tridens (Pult.) Turbo

64,

tridens, Puld.

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 19, f.12. Mont. Brit. Test., p. 338.
Maton and Rackett, Trans. Lin. Soc., Vol. viii., p. 181.
Among herbage and damp moss in woods, rare.

Stour river, on water plants, Pulteney.

Fast Lulworth ; Bindon, river Frome, Kendall.

Montagu says : “ The species here described we received from
Dr. Pulteney, who has given it a place in his catalogue of
Dorsetshire shells, and who says he has found it on water
plants by the river Stour.”

SUCCINEIDA.
SUCCINEA, Drap, 1801.

S. putris (Z.) Helix putris, Z.

Pulteney, p. 56, pl. 18, f. 19.
On water places, mud, and moist places.
Generally distributed.

Var. with a thickened white outer lip, pond between Whitechurch

65.

66.

and Milborne, 7. Rackett.

S. elegans, Risso.

Similar in habits to S. putrds.
Generally distributed.
Spettisbury, Dorset (C. Ashford).
Chamberlaynes, J. C. 1.-P.

[S. oblonga, Drap. Proceedings Dorset Nat. Hist. and
Ant. Field Club, Vol. xvi, p. 173, 174.

This shell is rare and local in Britain.

Fossil: Portland Quaternary bed, cliff near the Bill, Prestwich,
E. R. Sykes.

Not now living in Dorset. ]

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 19

Class DITREMATA.
Order GEHYDROPHILA.

AURICULIDA.
CARYCHIUM, Miller, 1774.

67. C. minimum, Jill.

Pulteney, p. 52, pl. 19, f. 13.

Under stones, logs of wood, roots of grass, among moss and
dead leaves.

Generally distributed.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Weymouth, Damon.

Bryanston, among moss ; Whatcombe Park, J. C. 1.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Clement
Reid.

ALEXIA (Leach), Gray, 1847.

68. A. denticulata (Mont.) Conovulus denticulatus, Mont.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 45.

On miud-flat sand salt-marshes, under stones, on coast cliffs,
sometimes far higher than high-water-mark, *

Weymouth, Lodmoor, salt-marshes, Bryer.

River Frome, below Wareham, under tidal influence,
J. H, Austen.

Portland, associated with the white variety, very large and
abundant locally, £. R. Sykes.

Tilly Whim, Swanage; Dancing Ledge, Langton Matravers,
J.C. M.-P.

69. A. bidentata (dfont.) Conovulus bidentatus, Mont.

Crevices of rocks near high-water mark, or where the spray
of the sea only occasionally reaches.

Sandsfoot Castle, Weymouth ; Portland ; Fleet ; plentiful under
stones between tide-mark in company with Truncatella
truncatula and Rissoa liticrea, E. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay in crevices of rocks, at and above high-
water mark, associated with Laswa rubra and Otina otis.

Var. alba, Turton. Weymouth, Damon.

70

20 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

HYGROPHILA.

LIMNAIDA.

ANCYLUS, Geoffrey, 1767.

. A. fluviatilis (dfl.) Patella lacustris, L.

Pulteney, p. 58, pl. 22, f. 8 Brit. Conch, Vol. i, p. 102.
Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p, 42.

On submerged stones and on the under side of water plants.

East Lulworth, Arish Mill, G. Jeffreys.

Weymouth, Damon.

Ulwell Bottom, near St. Alban’s Head, J. H. Austen;
Godlingston, Swanage, J. C. M.-P.

Spettisbury, Stour; Chamberlaynes river, Bere Regis,
J.C. M-P.

Var. capuloides, Jeffreys. Corfe river (very rare), @. Jeffreys.

Var. gibbosa, Jeffreys. Osmington Mills, G. Jeffreys.

Var. albida, Jeffreys. Arish Mill, G. Jeffreys.

71. A. lacustris (Z.) A. oblongus, Forbes and Hanley.

72.

Patella oblonga, Lightfoot.

Pulteney, p. 58, pl. 18, f. 20, and pl. 22, f. 8.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 46.

Similar habits to the preceding.

On plants in the river Stour, 7. Rackett; Stour, Spettisbury,
and Chamberlaynes river, J. C. M.-P.

Corfe River, Swanage, stream, J. H. Austen; Ulwell ;
Bottom, between St. Alban’s Head and Chapman’s Pool,
J.C. M-P.

OTINIDA.

OTINA, Gray, 1847.

0. otis, Turton.

Very local, confines itself to the crevices of rocks, between
tide-marks.

Kimmeridge Bay, associated with Laswa rubra and Alexia
bidentatus, J. C. M.-P.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 21

LIMNZA, Zam.

73. L. peregra, Mill. Helix putris, Pen.

Pulteney, p. 56, pl. 12, 613, and pl. 21, f. 13.
Generally distributed.

Var. succineformis, Jef. Extremely common.

Var. labiosa, Jeffreys. Morden Park Lake, J. C. M.-P.

Lo55cL Portland, Quaternary bed, cliff near the Bill, and at Chesilton,
Prestwich.

74. L. auricularia (Z.) Helix auricularia, Z.

Pulteney, p. 21, pl. 56, f. 17.

Marshes, slow streams, ponds.

Less common than the preceding.

Generally distributed.

Wareham, Stoborough Meadows, J. C. M.-P.
Spettisbury, Stour, J. C. 11.-P.; Weymouth, Damon.

Var. acuta, Jeff.

Mr. Jeffreys says: ‘It is apt to be infested, as well as its
congeners, by an annelid allied to the Nats vermicularis
of Miiller, which usually takes up its abode between the
neck and mantle and over the tentacles of the mollusc,
incessantly vibrating, and apparently not parasitic but
feeding on animalcules.” Brit. Conch., Vol. 1, p. 109.

75. L. stagnalis (Z.) Helix stagnalis, LZ.

Pulteney, p. 55, pl. 21, f. 11.

Slow rivers, ponds, and marshes.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Holwell, H. H. Wood.

Weymouth, Damon.

Bryanston, river Stour, J. C. ML-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis river; Almer, in a pond near the
turn off to Spettisbury, J. C. AL-P.

Wareham, Stoborough meadows, ditches, J. C. M.-P.

23 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

76. L. palustris, Z. Helix palustris, Gel.

Pulteney, p. 55, pl. 18, f. 18.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., f. 46.,

Marshes, ponds, ditches.

Holwell, H. Wood.

Weymouth, Damon.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis. '

Langton Matravers, Wilkes Wood; Wareham, Swanage,
J. H. Austen. Stoborough Meadows, J. C. M.-P.

Var. tincta. Dorsetshire, G. Jeffreys.

77. L. truneatula (Jmill.) Helix fossaria, Mont.

Pulteney, Racketts ed., p. 56, pl. 18, f£. 17.

Banks of slow and muddy rivers, marshes, and wet places.

It is nearly amphibious.

Weymouth, Damon; Abbotsbury, ditches near Chesil Beach,
J. C. M.-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

Bryanston Park, Whatcombe, river-course, J. C. M.-P.

Encombe, Chapman’s Pool, Wareham, Stoborough Meadows,
ditches, J. C. M.-P.

Blashenwell, water-course, J. H. Austen.

East Lulworth, Bindon Meadows, Kendall.

Var. minor, Jeffreys. Langton Matravers, Wilkes Wood, J. C. M.-P.

Portland, Quaternary bed, cliff near the Bill, Prestwich.

Limnea truncatula is supposed to be made use of as the
nurse of the liver-fluke Fascioia hepatica, an entozoa.
belonging to a group of the animal kingdom, whose mode of
propagation is by what is termed the alternation of yenera-
tions, in which each individual is unlike its immediate
parent and offspring.

78. L. glabra, Mill. Helix octanfracta, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 55, pl. 18, f. 11.

Ditches and ponds; not common.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii, p. 46.

Lytchett, 7. Rackett.

Weymouth, Damon.

East Lulworth ; Morden, ‘streamlet, Kendall.
Spettisbury, river Stour, J. C. M.-P.
Stoborough meadows, Wareham, J. H. Austen.

79.

80.

81.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 23

AMPHIPEPLEA, Willson, 1822.

A. glutinosa (JMill.) Limnza glutinosus, Mull.

Ponds and water-courses ; rare.

Mantle very expanded, with which the animal when in the
water nearly envelopes its shell, but withdraws it when
touched.

Chamberlaynes river, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

PLANORBIS, Guettard, 1756.

P. nitidus, Miller. Helix fontana, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 19, f. 19.

Mont. Test. Brit., Vol. ii, p. 462, pl. 6, f. 6.

Ponds, marshes, stagnant water.

Wareham, ditches, Montagu ; Stoborough Meadows, J. C. M.-P.
Chamberlaynes river, Bere Regis, water-courses, J. C. M-P.
Morden Park Lake, J. C. M.-P.

P. contortus, (Z.)

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 47.

On water plants in marshes, slow rivers, lakes.

Weymouth, Damon.

Wool, Bindon Meadows, Kendall.

Warcham, Stoborough Meadows, and river, J. C. 1.-P.
Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, rare, J. C. M.-P.

Sturminster Newton, near Liddon, J. G. M.-P.

Fossil: Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, J. C. M.-P.

2. P. nautileus (Z.) Turbo nautileus, (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 50, pl. 19, f. 16.

Robinson’s Isle of Purbeck, p. 178.

Water-plants in marshes, lakes, vonds, slow rivers.

Wareham, water-courses, Stoborough Meadows, J. C. AL.-P.

Swanage, Newton Manor, R. W. Soden Smith; Encombe,
Chapman’s Pool, J. C. AL-P.

Lulworth Castle, pond at South Lodge-gate, Damon; Wey-
mouth, Daniel.

Sturminster Marshall, water-courses, J, C. JL-P.

83

8.

85.

86.

87.

24 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

. P. albus, Mill. Helix alba, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 19, f. 18.
Marshes, ponds, ditches,
Generally distributed.

P. spirorbis (M/ul.) Helix spirorbis, L.

Pulteney, p. 53, pl. 20, f. 17.
On plants in shallow and stagnant water.
Generally distributed.

P. vortex (Z.) Helix vortex, L.

Pulteney, p. 52, pl. 20, f. 12. Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii.
p. 47.

On water-plants in shallow water.

Generally distributed.

Weymouth, Damon.

Swanage, stream, J. H. Austen.

Wareham, water-courses, Stoborough Meadows, J. C. AL.-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

Spettisbury, river Stour, J. C. M.-P.

P. carinatus (J@ll.) Helix planata, Maton and Rackett.

Pulteney, p. 52, pl. 20, f. 18,

On water-plants, marshes and stagnant water.

East Stoke ; Woolbridge, river Frome ; Wareham, Stoborough
Meadows, J. C. M.-P.

Morden Park ; Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

P. complanatus (Z.) P. marginatus, Drap. Helix
planorbis, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 52, pl. 14, f. 8, and pl. 20, f. 10.

Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii, p. 46.

Marshes, ponds, and slow streams.

East Lulworth, Kendall.

Bryanston, river Stour, J. C. A-P.

Wareham, water-courses, Stoborough Meadows, J. H. Austen.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, river, Morden Park Lake,
J.C. M.-P.

88.

89,

90.

91.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 25

P. corneus (Z.) Helix cornea, L.

Montagu Test. Brit., p. 428.

** Proceedings” of Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, Vol. xii., p. 103.

Slow streams, ponds, ditches.

The largest of the European species of Planorbis; Montagu
describes it as plentiful in some parts of England, but that
i had not found it further westward than in Dorset-
shire.

Weymouth, C. 0. P. Cambridge.

[P. glabra, Jeffreys.

On aquatic plants in marshes, lakes, and ponds.

A rare British shell, and occurs as early as the Upper Tertiary
period.

Fossil : Quaternary bed, Chesilton, Portland, Prestwich.

There is no record of a Dorset living specimen. |

P. parvus, Suy. P. glaber, Jef:

This shell is local, although its range is wide. Jeffreys records
only 20 British localities (1862).
Portland, Quaternary deposit, cliff uear the Bill, Prestwich.

PHYSIDZ.
PHYSA, Drap., 1801.

P. fontinalis, (Z.) Bulla fontinalis, Z.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 21, f. 6. Montagu, Test. Brit, Vol. i.,
p. 228. Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 46.

On aquatic plants in streams and ditches.

Weymouth, Damon.

Dorchester, Fordington meadows, water-courses, J. C. ML-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

26 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Sturminster Marshall, J. C. M.-P.

Swanage, stream ; Blashenwell meadows, J. H. Austen;
Wareham, Stoborough meadows, J. C. M.-P.

Physa fontinalis, in common with other water mollusca,
as Limneea glutinosa, L. stagnalis, and Bythinia tentaculata,
have the power of thread-spinning for suspension.
Montagu, at the beginning of the century, noticed this
habit. He says: “ Physa (Bulla) fontinalis has a very con-
siderable locomotive power, and transports itself by adhering
to the surface of the water, with its shell downward,
against which it crawls with as much apparent ease as on
a solid body, and will sometimes let itself down gradually
by a thread affixed to the surface of the water.”

APLEXA, Fleming, 1828.

92. A. hypnorum (Z.) Physa hypnorum (Z.) Bulla
hypnorum ZL.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 18, f. 20. Purbeck Papers, Vol. ii., p. 46.
Robinson’s Purbeck, p. 178.

Upon aquatic plants, in ponds, ditches, wet splashy places
which are dry in summer.

Weymouth, Damon; Kast Burton, ditches, Kendall.

Langton Matravers ; Wilkes Wood, &. H. Soden Smith.

Swanage, stream ; water-course, Blashenwell, J. H. Austen.

Wareham, water-courses ; Stoborough Meadows, J. C. .-P.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, water-courses, J. C. M.-P.

Mr. Sheriff Tye, speaking of Aplexa (Physa) hypnorum, says :
“Tn one case I saw three of these and a Limnca glabra
upon the thread of one of the former at one time. Often
when the two Physce met on the same thread they fought
only as mollusca of this genus can, and the maneeuvres they
went through upon this fairy ladder outdid any that the
cleverest gymnast could perform. I once saw _ one
ascending, and when it was overtaken by another then
came the tug-of-war ; each tried to shake the other off by
repeated blows and jerks of its shell and body in a most
excited manner. Neither being able to gain the mastery,
one began to descend, followed by the other, which it
overtook and reached the bottom first.”—Quarterly Journal
of Conchology, November, 1878.

94,

95.

96.

97.

98.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 27
Order OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.

Sub-order Nupiprancuiata.

DORIDIDA.
DORIS, L., 1758.

. D. tuberculata, Cuv.
Weymouth Bay, dredged ; Sandsfoot, rocks, E. R. Sykes.

POLYCERIDZ.
THECACERA, Fleming, 1838.
T. pennigera (Mont.)
Weymouth, dredged in ten fathoms, W. Z'hompson.
ANCULA, Lovén, 1846.

A. cristata ( Ald.)
Weymouth, dredged ; Sandsfoot Castle, rocks, £. R. Sykes.

TRIOPA, Johnston, 1838.

T. clavigera, A:ill.
Weymouth, dredged ten fathoms, Z. 2. Sykes.

ALEOLIDIDE.
ZEOLIS, Cuvier, 1798.

#. Landsburghi, Alder and Hancock.
Weymouth, Sandsfoot, #. R. Sykes.

&. papillosa (Z.)

One of the largest of the family, attaining a length of three
inches.

Weymouth, “ Once appeared in hundreds at the mouth of the
Fleet,” £. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, several, J. C. f.-P.

99.

100.

101.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

A. CEPHALASPIDEA.

ACTAONIDE.

ACTZON, Montfort, 1810.

A. tornatilis (Z.) Tornatella fasciata (L.) Voluta
tornatilis, LZ.

Pulteney, p. 44, pl. 14, f. 2.

Weymouth, Bryer; £. BR. Sykes.

TORNATINIDZ.
RETUSA.

R. obtusa, (Mont.) Cylichna cylindracea, Mont.
Bulla cylindracea, Pennant.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 18, f. 22. Mont. Test. i, p. 21,

pl. 7, f. 2.

Inhabits various depths, occasionally cast ashore, Weymouth,
(Pulteney) W. Thompson.

Between South Haven and Studland, Carleton Green.

Challenger Expedition, Ascension Island.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

R. truncatula (Brug). Utriculus truneatulus, Brug.
Cylichna truncata, Mont.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 510, pl. 114, f. 7, 8.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 421, 422.

Not uncommon in the Laminarian zone.

Weymouth, dredged, W. Thompson.

. pellucida (Bro.)

Weymouth, G. Jeffreys.
Fossil: Coralline Crag. Raised Beach, Prestwich.

2. R. hyalina (Turton). Amphisphyra hyalina, Turt.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 521, pl. 114, f. 1, 2.

Lives in the Laminarian zone.

Weymouth, dredged, 50 fathoms (dead), Forbes and Hanley,
Poole Harbour, back of Hook, W. Turner.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 29

SCAPHANDRIDZ,
SCAPHANDER, Montfort, 1810.

103. S. lignarius, ZL.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 23, f. 9. Da Costa, p. 26.

Weymouth Bay, W. Thompson.

Portland (one specimen), KH. R. Sykes.

Da Costa mentions having received this shell from
Dorsetshire.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crag,

AKERIDZ.
AKERA, (Miill.) 1776.

104. A. bullata, fii. Bulla akera, Gmel.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 22, f. 13.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 527, pl. 114p, f. 4, 5, 6.

Inhabits the Littoral zone among Zostera; is only locally
abundant.

Poole, Ham shore, 7. Racketts.

The Fleet, five miles above Portland Bridge, where it is very
small, £. R. Sykes.

Weymouth, the mud at high water-mark is fringed with
them, S. Hanley ; among Zostera, W. Thompson.

Poole, Barlee ; Poole Harbour, back of Hook, dredged,
living, Dr. Turner ; Harbour, shore near the mouth, south
side, thrown up dead very abundant, J. C. AL-P.

HAMINEA (Leach), Gray, 1847.

105. H. hydatis (Z.) Bulla hydatis, Z.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 23, f. 10.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 530, pl. 1140, f. 7.

Inhabits the Laminarian zone.

Portland Roads, dredged (alive), 2. BR. Sykes,

Weymouth, Jeffreys.

Poole, on the sands within the Harbour, Dilwynn; back of
“ Hook” and ‘ Lake” within the Harbour, Dr. Turner.

Swanage Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

106.

107.

108.

[Re

109.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

PHILINIDA.

PHILINE, Ascanias, 1772.

P. aperta, Z

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 22, f. 3.

Inhabits muddy g ground at various depths between low-water
mark and 30 fathoms, Pulteney.

Weymouth, ‘ All I know were fished up at Weymouth
and not anywhere else on the British Coasts. They are,
however, not frequent, so that it seems a rare shell,”
Pulteney. Weymouth Bay, 4 fathoms dredged, W.
Thompson.

Poole Harbour, back of Hook, dredged (alive), Dr. Turner.

Studland, Old Harry, dredged (alive), Dr. Turner ; Studland
Bay, dredged (alive), on the sea-shore (dead), J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, off Gadcliff, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Cape Verde Islands and Madeira, 7 to 25 fathoms, Challenger
Expedition.

P. seabra, Jill.

Lives at low water-mark of spring tides and at various
depths from 5 to 140 fathoms.

Sandsfoot, under stones, £. R. Sykes.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil : Coral. Crag.

P. catena, Montagu. Bulla punctata, Adams. Brit.
Conch., Vol. iv., p. 450.

This little shell, which is composed of barely two coils,
measures only a fifth of an inch in length and an eighth
of an inch in breadth.

Weymouth, Damon.

Different parts of coast of Dorset, Jeffreys.

P. punetata (Clark). Bullea puncetata, Clark.

This very minute shell is usually only one line in length, but
it attains soinetimes to a tenth of an inch anda third less
in depth.

Weymouth, Damon.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 31

B. ANASPIDEA.

APLYSIIDA.
APLYSIA, L., 1767.

110. A. punctata, Cw. A. hybrida, Sow.
Lives upon Sea-weed and Zostera from low-water to 5 or
6 fathoms.
Portland, Zostera bed, W. Thompson.
Weymouth, Damon.
Lyme Regis, J. W. Cundell.

PLEUROBRANCHIIDA.
PLEUROBRANCHUS, Cuvier, 1805.

111. P. plumula, Mont.
Weymouth, Sandsfoot, under stones, £. R. Sykes.

Var. alba.
Weymouth, Damon.

112. P. tuberculatus, Meciel, 1808. P. membranaceus
(Mont.) Lamellaria membranacea, Mont.
A very local shell. Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys (1869) knew of only
three records beyond the British seas—the north of
France, Naples, and Trieste.
Shell ear-shaped, membranous, and transparent.
Weymouth, Damon.

RUNCINIDE.
RUNCINA, Forbes, 1853.

113. R. ecoronata, Quatrefages, 1844. R. Hancoeki, Fourves.

Brit. Conch., Vol. v., p. 16. a

“ Specimens sent me from Weymouth by Mr. Thompson
were dark purplish-brown with minute round spots of
yellow, a streak of the former colour on the tail. The
branchial plumes lay on the mght hand side of the vent.
They were extensile and exceedingly active, Jeffreys.

Belmont Bay, near Weymouth, IV. Thompson and Gray;
Sandsfoot, among Zostera, L. 2. Sykes.

32 THE MOLLUSCA OF DURSETSHIRE.
Order PROSOBRANCHIATA.

Respiration, bronchial, or pulmonary gland;species mostly
aquatic ; some frequent brackish water, others freshwater,
some are terrestrial. The respiratory organs are modified
to meet this difference of habit.

Sub-order PEcTINIBRANCHIATA.

A. TOXOGLOSSA.
CONIDZ.

MANGILIA, Risso, 1826 (Mangelia).

114. M. nebula (Mont.) Mangelia nebula, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 46, pl. 14, f. 16.
Weymouth, 7. Racketts.
White Nore (dredged), W. Thompson.

115. M. attenuata (Mont.)

A southern species and rather scarce.
Between Studland and South Haven, Carleton Green.
Fossil: Pliocene, Calabria, and Taranto, Philippi.

116. M. striolata (Scacchi), Philippi, non Risso.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 483, pl. 114a, f. 1, 2.

A very rare Dorset shell.

Weymouth, dredged ten fathoms (dead), J. Hanley. Largest
example, rather more than eight lines, and about two and
a-half lines broad.

Fossil: Pliocene, Sicily.

117. M. brachystoma (Philippi).

A very rare Dorset shell.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 382.

Habitat: mud among stones, and muddy sand.

Weymouth, Thompson.

Taken in 50 fathoms off Cornwall by McAndrew; also
found in shallow water off Torquay, E. R. Sykes.

118.

119.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 33

M. costata (Don.)

Living at low-water-mark of spring-tides ; in many localities
ranges from five or less to fifty fathoms, inhabiting stony
and sandy grounds.

Weymouth, Thompson.

Fossil: Red and Coralline Crags. Glacial deposit at Widford.

M. levigata (Philipp).

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 386.
Fossil : Coralline Crag.

Var. minor, Jeffreys. Length, 0.3; breadth, 0.1 inch.

120.

Weymouth, Damon.

This small variety is found alive at Weymouth, its type form
being probably extinct in the British Isles ; the locality
given in Guernsey has been searched several times of
recent years, but itis believed without success, LE. &. Sykes.

Fossil: Red Crag.

M. rufa (Mont.)

Mont. Test. Brit., p. 263.

Dorsetshire, Montagu.

Weymouth, dredged, W. Thompson. Alive on rocks, Z. &.
Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. AL-P.

Weymouth, dredged, W. Thompson.

Fossil; Raised Beach, Portland, Z. 2. Sykes.

. M. turricula (MJont.)

Pulteney, p. 47, pl. 14, f. 15.
Weymouth, 7’. Rackett, W. Thompson.
Fossil: Red Crag. Raised beach, Portland, #. R. Sykes.

HZEDROPLEURA, Monterosato, 1883.

. H. septangulare (Mont.) Murex costatus, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 46, pl. 14, f. 15.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii, p. 458, pl. 112, f. 6, 7,
Donovan, Vol. v., pl. 179, f. 4.

Weymouth, among rocks (dead), S. Hanley; dredged, W.
Thompson.

34

125.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

CLATHURELLA, Carpenter, 1857.

The cancellated surface, more ventricose form, and more
pronounced canal distinguish it from Mangilia.

. C. purpurea (Afont.) Mangelia purpurea (JJort.)

A very rare Dorset shell.
Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 373.
Weymouth, Thompson and Damon.

. C. linearis (Mont.) Mangelia linearis (J/ont.)

Frequents sandy and shelly sea-beds at various depths.
Distributed round the coast.

Weymouth Bay, W. Thompson.

Between South Haven and Studland, Carleton Green.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. AL.-P.

Fossil: Red and Coralline Crags.

C. gracilis (Mont.) Murex gracilis (Mont.)

Inhabits the Coralline zone.

Pulteney, p. 46, p. 14, f. 18.

Portland, West Bay, 7. Rackett.

Weymouth Bay, dredged off Ringstead and Osmington,
W. Thompson ; scarce, but very large, B. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

. C. Trevelliana (Turton). Mangelia Trevelliana (Turton).

Very rare ; a boreal shell.
Between Studland and South Haven, Carleton Green.
Fossil: Red and Coralline Crags.

DONOVANIA, Bucquoy, Dautz, and Dollfus, 1882.

Fischer points out that the lingual ribbon is most akin to that
of Sipho ( = Tritonofusus) : Journ. de Conch. 1888, pp. 132-6.

. D. minima (Mont.) Lachesis minima, Jfont.

Inhabits the Littoral and Laminarian zones.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 377, pl. 101, f. 7, 8.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 314.

The position of this shell is uncertain. Most authors place
iL among the Mangilice. The operculum approaches the
Muricide.

Weymouth, dredged in three or four fathoms with Phasianella,
S. Hanley.

180.

THE sOLLUSCA OF DURSETSHIRE. 35

ee

Weymouth, alive at extra low tide, Z. R. Sykes.

Poole, sandbank (dead), Dr. Turner.

Between Chapman’s Pool and St. Alban’s Head, dredyed,
shelly ground, J. C. AL-P.

Fossil: Miocene of Italy.
‘BF RPALIL FLISSA,

FASCIOLARIIDA.
NEPTUNEA, Bolten, 1798.

. N. antiquus (Z). Fusus antiquus, L.

Pulteney, p. 47, pl. 17, f. 4.

Thrown up on the Dorset coast with Buccinum undatum, but
not plentifully, Pulteney.

Weymouth, W. Lhonpson.

Studland shore, thrown up alive after a storm, J. C. I/-P.

Red and Mammaliferous Crags.

TRITONOFUSUS, Bech, 1847.

. T. gracilis (Da Costa).

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 335.

Coralline and deep-sea zones, from 20 to 145 fathoms;
common on the northern fishing banks, but rare in the
South of England. It is occasionally brought to Billings-
gate Market, but is not saleable, Jeffreys.

Weymouth, #. R. Sykes.

Fossil : Coralline, Red and Mammaliferous Crags.

BUCCINUM, Z., 1767.

B. undatum, ZL.

Pulteney, p. 45, pl. 17, f. 6.

Gwyn Jeffreys, in a note on this whelk, says “I have seen
between 30 and 40 shells of B. undatum extracted from
the stomach of asingle ecd. After the shell has been
cleared out and ejected by the fish it makes a convenient
habitation for the Hermit Crab. At the enthronization
feast of William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, on
the 9th of March, 1504, there were provided 8,000 whelks
at five shillings per thousand.” Brit. Conch. iv., p. 290.

Generally distributed round the coast.

Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich.

Fossil: Coralline, Red, and Mammaliferous Crags.

36

131.

133.

134.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

PURPURIDA.

PURPURA, Brug., 1789.

P. lapillus (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 44, pl. 15, f. 1-4, 9, 12.

This is the true dog-periwinkle, very predaceous, and caa
perforate the shell of its victim by the rasping action of its
lingual ribbon.

Common all round our coasts; extremely large on the rocks
of Broad Bench, Kimmneridge Bay, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Red Crag; raised beach, Portiand, Prestwich.

NASSIDZA.
NASSA, Lamarck, 1799.

Most of the species are littoral.

2. N. reticulata (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 45, pl. 15, f. 10.

Ranges from the edge of the Littoral to the upper part of the
Laminarian zone.

Very destructive to oysters, upon which it feeds, sometimes
piercing as many as 15 or 20 in succession before its
hunger is satisfied.

N. inerassata (Strdm).

Pulteney, p. 45, pl. 15, f. 8.

Generally distributed round the coast.

Swanage, J. E. Cooper, Aliss Cohon.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged (abundant), J. C. A-P.
Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

N. pygmea (Lamarck).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 394, pl. 108, f. 5, 6.

Weymouth, dredged, abundant, S. Hanley, W. Thompson,
E. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, Gadcliff, on sandy ground, dredged,
J.C. M.-P.

135.

136.
Perse Z

137.

138.

139.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 37

MURICIDA.
TROPHON, Montfort, 1810,

T. muricatus (Mont.)

Weymouth, Damon.

Ringstead Bay, W. Thompson.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil : Coraliine and Red Crags.

[T. truncatus (Strdm.)

A boreal shell, known only in the Pleistocene beds.
Raised Beach, Portland, Z. R. Sykes.]

OCINEBRA (Leach), Gray, 1847.

0. erinacea (Z.) Murex erinaceus, L.

Pulteney, p. 46, pl. 14, f. 7.

Abundant around the coasts, ranging from a depth of 5 to
30 fathoms.

Fossil : Mammaliferous Crag; Raised Beach, Portland,
Prestwich.

0. aciculata (Zam.) Murex aciculatus, Zam. Murex
corallinus, Scacchi.

Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil: Coralline Crag, Pliocene, Italy.

CYPRAIDA.
TRIVIA, Gray, 1832.

T. europsea (Mont.) Cyprea europxa, Mont.
C. pediculus, Penn.

Pulteney, p. 42, pl. 22, f. 6.

Generally distributed round the coast, ranging from low-water
mark to 50 fathoms ; exceedingly common in Kimmeridge
Bay, dredged (alive), J.C. M.-P.

Var. minor, Mar.

Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags,

38

140.

141,

143.

144.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

C. TASNIOGLOSSA.
ERATO, Risso, 1826.

E. levis (Donovan). Marginella levis, Donovan.
Ranges from one to fifty fathoms.

Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.
OVULA, Brug, 1789.

QO. patula (Pen.) Bulla patula, Pen.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 12, f. 8.
Weymouth, Pulteney.

APORRHAIDE.
APORRHAIS, Da Costa, 1778.

. A. pes-pelicani (Z.) Strombus pes-pelicani, Z.

Generally distributed round the coast.

Weymouth Bay (alive), scarce, W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.
Poole sand-hanks, Dr. Turner.

Poole Harbour, shore (dead), J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged (alive), 15 fathoms, J. C. AL-P.

CERITHIIDA.
TRIFORIS, Deshayes, 1825.

T. perversus (L.) Cerithium perversum, L.

Ranges from the Laminarian zone to 15 and 20 fathoms.
Weymouth, Damon.

BITTIUM (Leach), Gray, 1847.

B. reticulatum (Da Costa.) Murex reticulatum,
Pulteney.

Pulteney, p. 47, pl. 14, f. 13.

Lives in the Laminarian zone; ranges from Norway to the
Mediterranean.

Kimmeridge Bay at low-water-mark, alive, shell-sand (dead),
J. CO. M-P.

146,

147.

148.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 39

CERITHIOPSIS, Forbes and Hanley, 1849.

. C. tubercularis (Mont.) Murex tubercularis, Mont.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 365, pl. 91, f. 7, 8.

Portland, West Bay, 18 fathoms, £. Forbes and McAndrew.
Weymouth Bay, W. Thompson.

Poole Harbour, south side, near the mouth, J. C. M.-P.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

TURRITELLIDE.
TURRITELLA, Lam., 1799.

T. communis, Risso. Turbo terebra, Auct non L.

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 15, f. 5, 6.

Lyme Regis, J. W. Cundall.

Weymouth, abundant in 5 fathoms, £. R. Sykes.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged on a muddy sea bottom, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Red and Mammaliferous Crags.

CACIDA.
CHCUM, Fleming, 1824.

C. trachea (Montagu). Dentalium trachea, Mont.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 178, pl. 69, f 4.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 76.

Inhabits the Coralline zone.

Weymouth, Forbes and Hanley, EL. R. Sykes.

Fossil : Coralline Crag, Suffolk, Searles Wood. Jeffreys does
not think Scarles Wood’s species to be C. trachea but C.
mammillata.

C. glabrum (Mozt.)

This little animal frequents the Coralline zone.
Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 181, pl. 69, f. 5.
Weymouth, S. Hanley.

Kimmeridge Bay, shell-sand, J. C. J.-P.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

40

149.

Var.

Var.

151,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE,

LITTORINIDA.
LITTORINA, Férussac, 1821.

L. littorea {Z.)

Pulteney, p. 49, pl. 17, f. 1.

“ Proceedings” Dorset Natural Histcry and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. xvi., p. 173.

Pre-eminently the ‘ Periwinkle ” of our shore. Inhabits the
belt between tide-marks.

Mr. Sykes says some of the specimens of this species
from the Portland Raised Beach show a curious flattening
of the whorls and a tendency to become keeled ; it may be
some brackish water affected them, which the occurrence
of Succinea ublonga suggests.

Fossil: Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich. Blashenwell,
Quaternary tufaceous deposit ; Red and Mammaliferous
Crag.

. L. rudis (Donovan).

Pulteney, p. 49, pl. 18, f. 6.

Inhabits the Littoral zone above, and at, high water-mark.

“ Proceedings” Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. xiii., p. 191.

Stony and rocky shores, estuaries.

Viviparous. Jt has the power of maintaining life a con-
siderable time out of water.

Mr. Sykes’s paper on monstrosities of this species from the
Fleet estuary near Langton, 1m the ‘‘ Proceedings” of the
Dorset Field Club, is worthy of special attention.

Generally distributed.

Weymouth, handsomely coloured, FE. R. Sykes.

patula, Jef. Fleet, Weymouth, brackish water, Z. R. Sykes.
Swannery, abundant on the silk-weed, J. C. M.-P.

tenebrosa, Mont. Fleet, £. R. Sykes.
Fossil: Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich, E. R. Sykes.

L. neritoides (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 49, pl. 18, f. 13.

Rocks above high-water-mark.

Generally distributed.

In immense numbers on the surface of the rocks, at Broad
Bench west side of Kimmeridge Bay.

152.

153.

154.

THE MOLILUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 41

NERITOIDES, Brown, 1827.

N. obtusata (Z.) Littorina littoralis (Z.) L. obtu-
sata (L.)

Pult., p. 57, pl. 16, f. 13-16, and pl. 20, f. 2, 3.

Generally distributed round the coast.

Fossil : Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich. Blashenwell,
Quaternary tufaceous deposit.

LACUNA, Turton, 1827.

L. puteolus (Turton).

Inhabits the Laminarian zone.

Between Studland and South Haven, J. £. Cooper.
Weymouth, Damon.

Kimmeridge Bay, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich.

L. crassior (Mont.)

Weymouth, dredged, W. Thompson. Moderately plentiful,
alive in 6 to 7 fathoms, a few at extreme low-tides, Z. R.
Sykes.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, J. £. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, east side, St. Alban’s Head, shelly sea-
bottom, J. C. M.-P.

. L. divaricata (Fabr.) L. vineta, Mont.

Inhabits the Laminarian zone.
Weymouth, W. Thompson.
Studland Bay, J. C. M-P.

. L. pallidula (Da Costa). Nerita pallidula, Da Costa.

Pulteney, p. 57, pl. 20, f. 4, 5. Da Costa, p. 51; recorded
by him from Dorsetshire.

Whitenose, dredged, W. Thompson. eymouth, Damon.

Luiworth Cove, 4. R. Sykes.

Between Studland and South Haven, thrown up on the
shore, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Raised Beach, Portland, E. R. & yes.

158.

159.

160.

161.

2 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

HOMALOGYRIDA.
HOMALOGYRA, Jeffreys, 1867.

. H. atomus (Phzl.) Skenea nitidissima, Peming.

Weymouth, among green sea-weed on stones, £. R&R. Sykes.
Kimmeridge Bay, sea-sands (dead), J. C. AL-P.

H. rota (forbes and Hanley.) Skenea? rota, Forbes
and Hanley.

This minute shell is less than a half-line in length, and has the
appearance of a miniature Ammonite.
Weymouth, Damon; extremely rare.

SKENEIIDA.
SKENEA, Fleming, 1828.

S. planorbis (Falr.) Helix depressa, Mont.

Found all round the British shores.

Weymouth, Nothe Fort to Sandsfoot, W. Thompson.

Swanage, J. EL. Cooper.

Fossil: Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich. Clyde beds,
Norway.

ADEORBIIDA.
ADEORBIS, S. Wood, 1842.

A. subearinata (Jont.)

Swanage, shore (dead), Z. R. Sykes, J. LE. Cooper.
Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil : Red and Coralline Crags.

RISSONDA.
RISSOIA, Fréminville, 1813.

R. striatula (Mont.) Turbo striatulus, Mond.

Pulteney, p. 50, pl. 14, f. 10.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 73, pl. 79, f. 7, 8.

Weymouth, dredged (dead), W. Thompson ; seven fathoms,
S. Hanley.

Studland Bay, rare, 7. Rackett.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged (alive), shore-sand (dead), J.C. M.-P.

162.

163.

164,

165.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 43

R. cancellata (Da Costa). R. crenulata, Michaud.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 80, pl. 79, f. 1, 2.

Pulteney, p. 49, pl. 14, f. 6, 9.

Found sparingly on the coast, Pulteney.

Portland, West Bay, dredged (dead), 15 fathoms, McAndrew
and £. Forbes.

Shore, between Studland and South Haven, Carletun Green.

R. costata (Adams). Turbo costata, Adams.

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 19, f. 5.

Found by Colonel Montagu on the coast, T. Racket.

Weymouth, Damon.

Sandsfvot, Weymouth, under stones, W. Thompson, E£. R.
Sykes.

Swanage, J. EL. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, between tide-marks, under _ stones,
J.C. M.-P.

Fossil : Middle Pliocene.

R. parva (Da Costa).

Pulteney, p. 50, pl. 19, f. 4.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 98, pl. 76, f. 2, 6,and pl. 77,
f. 6, 7.

On sea-weeds at low-water-mark and in the Laminarian
zone.

Common on the Dorsetshire coast, Pulteney.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, Carleton Green.

Swanage, J. L. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, under stones and on corallines near low-
water-mark (alive), among shell-sand (dead), J. C. M.-P.

Weymouth, common in weed, &. &. Sykes ; dredged alive
twelve fathoms, Forbes and Hanley.

R. inconspicua (Alder.)

Forbes and Hanley. Vol. iii, p. 113, pl. 76, f. 7, 6, pl. 82,
f. 5-9.

A common British shell, subject to great modifications, and
associated with the preceding.

Weymouth, Forbes and Hanley.

Fossil ; Norwich Crag ; post-glacial beds, Norway.

44 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

166, R. membranacea (Adams). R. labiosa, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 49, pl. 18, f. 16. Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii.,
p. 109, pl. 76, £.5, pl. 77, f. 1, 2,3. Brit. Conch., Vol. iv.,
. 32.
Weymouth, Barlee.
Fleet, Wyke Regis, abundant, W. Thompson,
Poole, ZT. Rackett.
Swanage Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Var. minor, Jeffreys.

Weymouth, Barlee.

Several interesting varieties found near the mouth of the
Fleet, H.R. Sykes, and as high up as the Swannery,
J.C. M.-P.

167. R. violacea (Desmarets.) R. rufilabrum (Leach), Alder.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., 34.
Inhabits the Laminarian zone.
Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.
Swanage, J. £. Cooper.

168. R. costulata, Ald.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 103, pl. 77, £. 4, 5.
Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 36.

Weymouth, Jeffreys, E. R. Sykes.

Lulworth, Jeffreys.

Kimmeridge Bay, shore-sand, J. C. M.-P.
Challenger Expedition, Madeira.

Fossil : Middle Pliocene.

169. R. striata (Adams.)

Inhabits stones and muddy places between tide-narks and in
the Laminarian zone.

Weymouth, Damon.

Swanage, J. E. Cooper.

Studland, Old Harry, dredged, Dr. Turner.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at several depths, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich. Coralline Crag.

170.

Var.

171.

172.

Var.

173,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 45

R. fulgida (Adams).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 129, pl. 75, f.1, 2. Brit.
Conch., Voi. iv., p. 44.

Inhabits the Littoral zone.

Length, the twentieth of an inch, breadth one-third less.

Extremely rare.

Weymouth, Jeffreys.

pallida, Jeff.
Luiworth, Jeffreys,

R. semistriata (Afont.)

Inhabits the Littoral and Laminarian zones.
Weymouth, Damon.

R. cingillus (Jont.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 122, pl. 79, f. 9, 10.

Inhabits the Littoral zone.

Generally distributed, living between tide-marks, in muddy
rocky places.

Swanage, J. LE. Cooper.

Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.

Portland, snow-white, H. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, very abundant, dredged alive, and in shore-
sand, J. C. M.-P. .

rupestris, Forbes.
Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.

R. subeylindricata, G. Jeffreys.

Quarterly Journal Geological Society, Vol. xxxi. (1875), p. 52.

“ Proceedings” Dorset Natural Histury and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. xvi., p. 173.

Fossil: Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich.

Mr. Gwyn Jeffreys says: ‘I have examined the shells and
washed shell-sand from the Raised Leach of Portland
collected by Mr, (Sir Joseph) Prestwich. The shells are
rather northern than southern, but I have not detected any
peculiarly arctic species, and certainly none of a Mediter-
ranean or Lusitanian type. All the species inhabit the
British coast from Shetland to Yorkshire except one, which
I consider to be undescribed, and which I propose to name
Rissoa subcylindracata.

Mr. E. R. Sykes suggests that this shell is a form of Rissoa
albella (Lovén.)

46 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

174

BARLEEIA, Clark, 1855.

. B. rubra (Mont.) Rissoa rubra, Adams.

Inhabits Laminarian zone.

Weymouth, Damon.

Kimmeridge Bay, sea-weeds (alive), sea-sand (dead),
J. C. M.-P.

Var. unifasciata, Jeff.

176.

177.

Kimmeridge Bay, J. C. M.-P.

PALUDESTRINA, D’Ov?, 1841.

. P. ulvee (Pen.) Rissoa ulvee, Forbes and Hanley.

Common in brackish water and estuaries between tide-
marks.

Pulteney, p. 49, pl. 18, f. 12.

Weymouth, exceedingly abundant in the ditches of Lodmoor,
W. Thompson.

Poole Harbour, south side, near the mouth (alive), thrown up
on the shore with Zostera, very abundant, J. C. 4f.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

[P. similis (Drap.) Rissoa anatina, Drap. Hydrobia
similis, Draparnaud.

Mudiy ditches to which sea-water has access.
Weymouth, Damon, but very dubious. ]

P. ventrosa (Mont.)

Brit. Conch, Vol. i. p. 66.

Ditches and ponds, which are overflowed only at spring-tides,
and in tidal rivers.

Weymouth, adhering to Ulva lactuca, T. Rackett,

Lodmoor, &. R. Sykes.

Swannery, Abbotsbury, adhering to the silk-weed, J. CG. W-P.

Wareham river (tidal), below Redcliff, adhering to the
water-weeds, J. C. M.-P.

178.

179.

180.

181.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE, 47
BITHINIA, Gray, 1821.

B. tentaculata (Z.) Helix tentaculata, L.
Pulteney, p. 56, pl. 21, f. 12.

Rivers, brooks, ditches.

Generally distributed.

Fossil: Quaternary deposit, Chesilton, Prestwich,
Blashenwell tufaceous deposit, J. C. W.-P.
Fossil : Mammaliferous Crag.

B. Leachii (Sheppard).

Slow rivers, ponds, water-courses ; rare.

Holwell, H. H. Wood.

Wareham, river Frome, J. C. M.-P.

Ulwell and Godlingstone, near Swanage, J. C. M.-P.

VIVIPARIDA.
VIVIPARUS, Montfort, 1810.

[V. contecta, Millet. Paludina Listeri, Yorves and
Hanley. Helix vivipara, Da Costa.

Pulteney, p. 54, pl. 17, f. 2.

Slow streams.

Extremely doubtful. Pulteney gives no locality, but says
“if is common in ponds and rivers on Potamogeton and
other plants.” ]

VALVATIDA.
VALVATA, 0. F. Miiller, 1774.

V. piscinalis (JZill.) Turbo fontinalis, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 50, pl. 18, £. 3, 4.

Slow rivers, ponds, ditches.

Spettisbury, 7. Rachett.

Kast Lulworth, Kendall.

Weymouth, Damon.

Wareham, river below the town, Chamberlaynes, near Bere
Regis, J. C. AL-P.

Sturminster Marshall, river Frome, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Blashenwell Quaternary tufaceous deposit, J. C. M.-P.

48
182,

183.

Var.

184.

185.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

V. eristata, Mill.

Ponds, ditches, and slow streams,
Chamberlaynes, J. C. M.-P.

PALUDINELLA, Pyeifer, 1841.

P. littorina (Delle Chiaje). Helix littorina, Delle
Chiaje.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 132, pl. 81, £. 6, 7.

Brit. Conch., Vol. v., p. 101.

Under stones among seaweed,

Weymouth, inside the Chesil Bank, Metcalfe.

albina, HZ. R. Sykes.

Portland, £. R. Sykes.
Poole Harbour, among seaweed, J. C. M.-P.

TRUNCATELLID.
TRUNCATELLA, Risso, 1826.

T. subcylindrica (Z.) T. Montagui, Lowe. Helix
subcylindrica, Z. Turbo truncatus, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 51, pl. 19, f. 8.

An influx of fresh water appears to be essential for this shell.

Portland, S. Hanley; an isolated spot under deeply buried
stones at high-water-mark (alive), £. R. Sykes.

Fleet (alive), W. Thompson; shore opposite Wyke, cast up
dead at high-water-mark, S. Hanley, J. C. M.-P.

POMATIASIDA.

This and the next are the only two British land-shells
furnished with an operculum.

POMATIAS, Studer, 1789.

P. elegans (JZill.) Cyclostoma elegans, J/ili.

Pulteney, p. 50, pl. 21, f. 9.
Under stones, hedge-banks, rocks, roots of brushwood.
Generally distributed.

187.

188.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 49

Abundant and brilliantly coloured, Gad-cliff, east flank of
Worbarrow Bay.

Liscombe Bottom, abundant, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Portland Quaternary bed near the Bill, Bullen.

Biashenwell Quaternary tufaccous deposit, J. C. M.-P.

In the barrows and earthworks of the county.

ACICULIDZ.
ACICULA, Hartm., 1821.

. A. lineata (Drap.) Acme lineata, Hartmann.

Length of shell only a tenth of an inch.

Under stones, in woods, among decayed leaves.

“ Proceedings” of Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian
Field Club, Vol. xii., p. 104.

Bloxworth, C. O. P. Cambridge.

CAPULIDA.
CAPULUS, Montfort, 1810.

Cc. ungaricus (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 58, pl. 53, f. 7.

Very rare, attached to shells, at various depths,
Weymouth, dredged, Pulteney, McAndrew.
Portland, on the trawling ground, W. Thompson,

CALYPTRAIDZA.
CALYPTRAEA, Lamarck, 1799.

C. chinensis (L.)

A southern shell, abundant in Jersey and Guernsey, extends
to the Mediterranean. Generally found attached to shells
and stones, and is taken at various depths.

Weymouth, frequently attached to Ostrea edulis and Pecten
maximus, occasionally a colony of six or eight on one
shell, W. Thompson.

Between Studland and South Haven, Carleton Green.

Local name, Chinese bonnet.

50

189

190.

191.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

LAMELLARIDA.
LAMELLARIA, Mont, 1811.

L. perspicua (Z.) LL. haliotoidea (Jfoni.)
L. tentaculata (Mont.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 355, p. 358, pl. 99, f. 8, 9.

Pulteney, p. 43, pl. 22, f. 5.

Mont. Brit. Test. p. 211, pl. 7, f. 6.

Studland beach, Afontagqu.

Weymouth, Barlee, Bryer, W. Thompson ; dredged (alive),
EL. R. Sykes. :

Mr. Peach’s excellent observations of this genus were con-
tinued for 10 years. Lamellaria, as if impelled by the
same instinct which takes the salmon to the river and the
herring to shallower water, migrates inshore, and secks its
proper spawning ground. Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 238.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

VELUTINA, Fleming, 1828.

V. laevigata (L.)

Ranges at various depths from the Laminarian zone to thirty
fathoms.

Studland beach, 7. Racketi, J. C. M.-P.

Weymouth Bay, dredged (living) on oysters and other objects,
W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.

Studland Bay (living), Dr. Turner.

Poole Channel, dredged (alive), J. C. M.-P.

NATICIDZ.
NATICINA, Guilding, 1834.

N. catena (Da Costa). Natica monilifera, Lam.

Pulteney, p. 57, pl. 21, f. 7.

Inhabits large sandy bays.

Weymouth, Pulteney, E. R. Sykes.

Poole, Pulteney.

Studland Bay, dredged, Dr. Turner.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, after gales,
J.C. M.-P.

Fossil : Red and Mammaliferous Crags.

192.

193.

194,

196.

197.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 5l

N. Alderi (orbes.)

Lives on all kinds of ground ranging from the shore to as many
as eighty or ninety fathoms. It is smaller than JN. catena.

Weymouth, £. R. Sykes.

Swanage Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

N. Montacuti (Mont.) Natica Montagui, Fortes.

It ranges from Cornwall to Zetland, but is only a common
shell in the north, In the Later Tertiary and Quaternary
beds it is very common.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C, M.-P.

Fossil : Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich.

D. PTENOGLOSSA.

SCALIDA.
SCALA, Humphrey, 1797.

S. communis (Lamarck)

Pulteney, p. 50, pl. 15, f. 11.

Poole Harbour, Pulteney.

Weymouth sands, Pulteney, dredged, 17 inch in length,
E. RB. Sykes ; two living specimens, W. Thompson,

Kimmeridge Bay (rare) dredged, J. C. 40.-P.

. S. Turtonis (Zurt.)

Rare in Dorset, chiefly met with in the south-west of England,
Weymouth, Damon.

S. clathratula (Mort. )

A southern species and rare.
Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil : Coralline Crag.

ACLIS, Zovén, 1846.
Inhabits the Littoral zone.

A. asearis (Turton).

A very rare and small shell, not exceeding the seventh of an
inch in length.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil ; Coralline Crag.

52
198.

199.

200.

202.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

A. unica, Montagu.

Another exceedingly small shell, of similar dimensions as the
preceding.

Weymouth, Damon.

E. GYMNOGLOSSA.

EULIMID.

EULIMA, Risso, 1826.
E. polita (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 55. pl. 19, f. 15.

Lives at various depths from seven to fifteen fathoms.
Portland ; Ringstead, W. Thompson.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, Carleton Green.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, abundant, J. C. I0.-P.

Fossil] : Coralline and Red Crags.

E. incurva, Renieri.

Differs from the preceding in its small dimensions and
curvature.
Weymouth, Damon.

. E. subulata (Donovan.) Helix subulata, Mont.

Shell highly polished ; pale fulvous, with spiral zones of
orange-brown encircling the body.

Pulteney, p. 58, pl. 19, f. 14.

Weymouth (Donovan.)

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

PYRAMIDELLIDA.
ODOSTOMIA, Fleming, 1828.

Living at depths ranging from low-water to 40 fathoms.
Among seaweed at low water mark.

O. Lukisi, Jeffreys.

Brit. Conch, Vol. iv., p. 120.

Lulworth, 10-12 fathoms (living), G. Jeffreys.
Weymouth, Damon.

203.

204.

205.

206.

tHE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. A3

0. nivosa (Mont.) 0. eylindriea, Alder.

Inhabits the lower Littoral and upper Laminarian zones.
Portland, under stones, HZ. R. Sykes.

0. acuta, Jeffreys.

Inhabits the Coralline zone.

Shell conic, smooth, shining, slightly transparent, stained
with a veinous flesh-colour.

Brit. Conch. Vol. iv., p. 130.

Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.

0. pallida (Mont.) 0. eulimoides, Hanley.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 273, p. 95, £. 1-3.
Lives on valves of Pecten opercularis, Coralline zone.
Abounds on the coast of Dorset, Forves and Hanley.
Weymouth, Damon.

0. conoidea (Brocchi.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 260, pl. 95, f. 4. Brit.
Conch., Vol. iv., p, 128.

Weymouth, £. Forbes.

Poole Harbour, near the Powder House (alive), Dr. Turner.

. O. unidentata (Aont.)

A solid little shell, smooth, glossy, and very little trans-

parent.
It bears the general aspect of Paludestrina ulve.

Weymouth, dredged, W. Thompson.

. 0. turrita, Hanley. O. unidentata, var., Forbes and

Hanley.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., 135.

Remarkably long and thin, differing from any other known
Odostomia.

Placed by Forbes provisionally as a variety of O. unidentata.

Under stones, and in rock-pools at low-water mark of spring-
tides; on old oysters, and Pecten maximus, Laminarian
and Coralline zones.

Weymouth, Damon.

54

209.

211.

bo
—
bo

213.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

O. plicata (dMont.)

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 137.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 271, pl. 98, f. 1, 2.
Under stones and among sea-weed at low water mark.
Weymouth, Forbes and Hanley ; Portland, £. R. Sykes.

. O. insculpta (A@ont.) Turbo insculpta, Mont.

Coralline and deep-sea zones,

Rarely found alive, usually dead in shell-sand.

‘‘The incised revolving lines round the lower part of each
whorl serve to recognize the species.” —Jefreys.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

0. diaphana, Jeffreys. O. obliqua, Alder.

Inhabits the Coralline zone.

This very rare shel] is only a line broad and the fifth of an
inch long ; like O. unidentata it verges on the confines of
the genus, and approaches Rissoia,

Weymouth, Damon.

. 0. decussata (Mont.)

Inhabits the Coralline zone ; the length is scarcely a line and
a-half,

A very rare and local species. Forbes and Hanley assign
for it only four English localities (of which Salcombe
Bay, cited by Montagu, is one), three Scotch, and three
Trish.

‘Weymouth, Damon.

TURBONILLA, Risso, 1826.

T. indistincta (Mont.) Chemnitzia indistineta,
Forbes and Hanley.

Ranges from the Laminarian zone to as deep as 40 fathoms.

Distributed all round the shores of the British Islands and
ranges to the Mediterranean.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Coralline Crag, and Pleistocene.

214.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 55

T. spiralis (Mont.) Odostomia spiralis, Forbes and
Hanley.

Distributed round the coasts of the British Isles, cannot be
said to be rare nor local.
Weymouth, Damon.

215 T. fenestrata (Forbes.) Chemnitzia fenestrata, Forbes

216.

217.

218.

and Hanley.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 249, pl. 93, £. 6-7.

This rare shell was first noticed and named by £. Forbes,
dredged in 7 fathoms at the entrance to Dartmouth
Harbour (dead). Taken alive in Torbay.

Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.

T. rufa (Philippi). Chemnitzia rufa, Forbes and
Hanley.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iv., p. 162.

“ Coasts of Cornwall, Devon, and Dorset, in trawl-refuse, and
at comparatively small depths.” —Jefreys.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

T. lactea (Z.) Chemnitzia elegantissima, Forbes
and Hanley.

A common shell round the British coasts from shore-line to
50 fathoms.

Weymouth, Damon, EL. R. Sykes.

Swanage, J. E. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay (east), near Chapman’s Pool, dredged in deep
water on shelly ground, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

EULIMELLA, Forbes, 1846.

E. acicula, Forbes and Hanley.

Inhabits the Coralline zone.
Weymouth Bay, dredged, W. Thompson.

56 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Order SCUTIBRANCHIATA.

A. RHIPIDOGLOSSA.

NERITIDZA.
NERITINA, Lamarck, 1809.

Restricted chiefly to the fresh-water of warm regions.

219. N. fluviatilis, (Z.)
Pulteney, p. 57, pl. 16, f. 17, 18.
Slow rivers.
Generally distributed.
Dorchester, River Frome (very large size), E. R. Sykes.
Spettisbury River, Stour.
Chamberlaynes River, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

TURBINIDA.
PHASIANELLA, Lamarck, 1804.

220. P. pulla (Z.) Turbo pullus, Z.

This beautifully coloured shell is distributed abundantly
round the coast, usually taken in the Laminarian zone.

Lyme Regis, J. W. Cundail.

Weymouth, Damon; abundant, £. R. Sykes.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, Kimmeridge Bay
(dredged), very plentiful, J. C. M.-P.

TROCHIDZ.
MONODONTA, Lamarck, 1801.

221. M. lineata (Da Costa). Turbo lineatus, Da Costa.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 17, f. 3, 7.
A littoral shell found between tide-marks and very common
on the coast. Da Costa cites it as a Dorsetshire shell.
Portland and rocks south-west corner of the island, W.
Thompson.

Lulworth Cove, Mf. G. Stuart.

Kimmeridge Bay rocks, lower tide-marks, plentiful in the
Laminarian zone, J. C. M.-P.

THE MOLILUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 57

GIBBULA, Risso, 1826.

222. G. magus (Z.) Trochus magus, L.

2

2

24.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 16, f. 1, 2.

One of the most beautiful of the Trochidw, variegated
with rosy tints on a white ground. It lives at various
depths.

Weymouth Bay, dredged, W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.

Between Studland and South Haven, cast up on the shore,
J.C. M.-P.

Poole Harbour, shore, J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Lay, dredged (alive) at various depths,
J.C. M.-P.

. G. cineraria (Z.) Trochus lineatus, Pulé.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 16, f. 11, 12.

Around our coasts on stones, and sea-weed at low-water-mark,
abundant in the Laminarian zone.

Generally distributed.

Fossil : Red Crag.

G. umbilicata (Mont.) Trochus umbilicatus (Jfont.)

This Littoral shell, though abundant wherever it occurs, is
confined to the Southern and Western coasts.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 16, f. 7, 8.

Generally distributed.

Fossil : Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich.

. G. tumida (Mont.) Trochus tumidus, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 16, f. 9, 10.

An abundant shell on our coasts, usually found in the
Coralline zone.

Weymouth, Bryer.

Weymouth Bay, dredged, W, Thompson.

Shore, between Studland and South Haven (dead), Carleton
Green.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at various depths, abundant,
J.C. M.-P.

Fossil: Red and Mammaliferous Crags.

w

Paog5Ht ,

95

bo

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.
VALVATELLA, Gray, 1857.

Boreal, under stones, and seaweed near low-water-mark.

26. [V. helicina (0. Fabricius).

Quarterly Journal Geological Society, Vol. xxxi., 1875, p. 52.

“ Proceedings” Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field
Club, Vol. xvi., p. 173.

Its most southern limits at the present day are Yorkshire and
Dublin Bay.

Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich. ]

CALLIOSTOMA, Swainson, 1840.

27. C. zizyphinum (Z.) Trochus zizyphinus, ZL.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 16, f. 3, 4.

Abundant round the coast.

Poole, Pulteney ; living and dead, on sand-banks, Dr. Turner.
Weymouth, Pulteney.

Lyme Regis, J. W. Cundail.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at various depths.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

. C. granulatum (Born.) Trochus granulatus, Born.

Trochus papillosus, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 16, f. 6.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 499, pl. 67, f. 7, and pl. 68, f. 2.
Rare,

Poole, north shore, Pulteney.

Weymouth, Pulteney, S. Hanley.

Portland, West Bay, 15 fathoms, AfcAndrew and E. Forbes.
Lulworth, M@. G. Stuart.

Fossil: Red Crag.

. C. miliaris (Brocchi). Trochus millegranus, Phelippi.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 502, pl. 66, £. 9, 10.

Rare on our coasts.

Portland, West Bay, dredged 15 to 20 fathoms, McAndrew
and . Forbes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

230.

231.

234.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 59

C. exasperatum (Penn.) Trochus exiguus, Pull.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iii., p. 324. Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii.,
p. 505, pl. 66, f. 11, 12. Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 21, f. 4.

Lulworth, dredged, 7 and 12 fathoms, G. Jeffreys.

Weymouth Bay, 7 fathoms (alive), McAndrew and
E. Forbes.

Shore between Stydland and South Haven, Carleton Green.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged alive, J. C. IL-P.

C. striatum (Z.) Trochus striatus, L.
T. erythroleucos, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 48, pl. 18, f. 2.

Inhabits the Laminarian zone. It does not reach as far
north as Scotland.

Weymouth, Damon. Common among sea-weed, Z. R. Syies.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. AL-P.

2, C. Montagui, (Wood). Trochus Montagui, Gray.

Trochus Montacuti, Wood.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 511, pl. 65, f. 10, 11.

Portland, West Bay, dredged from 7 to 20 fathoms,
McAndrew and E. Forbes.

Weymouth Bay, very plentiful, W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at various depths, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

CYCLOSTREMATIDZ.
CYCLOSTREMA, Marryat, 1818.

. C. serpuloides (Mont.) Skenea divisa, Fleming.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. iii., p. 161, pl. 74, f. 4, 5, 6.
Inhabits the lower Laminarian and the upper Coralline zones.

Weymouth, Jeffreys.

C. Cutlerianum (Clark.)

Brit. Conch., Vol., iii., p. 287.
Inhabits the Coralline zone.
An extremely rare shell.
Lulworth, Jeffreys.

60

235.

236.

237.

238.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

FISSURELLIDZ.
FISSURELLA, Brug., 1789.

F. greea (Z.) Patella greea, Pennant.

Pulteney, p. 59, pl. 23, f. 3.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 469, pl. 63, f. 4, 5.

Adheres to shells, from the Laminarian zone to 50 fathoms.
Portland, West Bay, McAndrew and Forbes.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Poole, Pulteney ; sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner.

Studland, J. H. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, various depths, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Coralline Crag,

EMARGINULA, Lamarck, 1801.

E. fissura (Z.) E. reticulata, J. Sow.

Pulteney, p. 59, pl. 23, f. 1.

Ranges from low-water-mark to deep water.

Shore, between Studland and South Haven, J. EZ. Cooper.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged (dead), off Chapman’s Pool,
J.C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

E. rosea, Bell.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 479, pl. 63, f. 3.

Poole, Professor Bell.

Weymouth Bay, 7 fathoms, West Bay, Portland, 15 fathoms,
McAndrew and E. Forbes.

Studland, J. £. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

B. DOCOGLOSSA.

ACMAIDA.
ACMA, E£schscholtz, 1828.

A. virginea (Jfil.) Patella virginea, Mull.
Pulteney, p. 59, pl. 14, f. 11.
Distributed round the coast, adhering to shells, and stones at

various depths from the Laminarian zone to 20 and
30 fathoms.

239.

241,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 61

Weymouth Bay, numerous, W. Thompson ; near Sandsfoot
Castle, under stones, where is also an albino variety,
E.R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay (dredged), J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline Crag ; Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich.

A. testudinalis (Jfil.) Patella testudinalis, iil.

Lives on the under-side of stones at low-water and in the
Laminarian zone. It is a northern species.
Weymouth Bay, W. Thompson.

PATELLIDZ.
PATELLA, L., 1757.

. P. vulgata, Z. P. athletica, Bean. P. vulgata,

var. depressa, Mont.

Both forms generally distributed.
Fossil : Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich ; Blashenwell
Quaternary tufaceous depcsit, J. C. M.-P.

PATINA (Leach), Gray, 1847.

P. pellucida (Z.) Helcion pellucidum (Z.)
Patella pellucida, L.

Two varieties of this limpet are met with on our coast.
One is thin and transparent adorned with longitudinal
lines of a bright blue colour; the other is thicker,
stronger, and’ opaque, irregular in shape and with no
iridescence in the inside.

Inhabits the Laminarian zone, and is generally distributed
round the coast.

Portland, Pulteney.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Studland Bay, shore, J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Var, levis, Pennant.

Weymouth, Damon.

242.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Class AMPHINEURA.
Order POLYPLACOPHORA, Bilaitnvilie.

Sub-order EopracopHora, Shuttleworth, 1853.

LEPIDOPLEURIDA.
LEPIDOPLEURUS, Ztisso, 1826.

L. cancellatus (Sow.), 1839. Chiton albus, Puld.

Pulteney, p. 25, pl. 1, f. 3. Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii.,
p. 410, pl. 59, f 3.

Poole, on valves of shells and other objects, Pulteney.

Weymouth, dredged, from § to 10 fathoms, S. Hanley.

CALLOCHITON, Gray, 1847.

. C. levis (Montagu). Chiton marginatus, Pult.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 411, pl. 3. Pulteney, p. 25,
pl. 1., fig. 2 (probably).

Weymouth, S. Hanley ; dredged 5 fathoms, EZ. R. Sykes.

Poole Harbour, shore and lake ; sandbanks, Dr. Turner.

TRACHYDERMON, Carpenter, 1863.

. T. cinereus (Z.) Chiton cinereus, ZL.

Pulteney, p. 25, pl. 1, f. 4.

Common around our coasts. The greenish type lives under
stones near low-water-mark, very common ; the red type
in deep water.

Weymouth, on the rocks, and on oysters, Pulteney ; common
on the shore and dredged in 5 fathoms, EZ. R. Sykes.

Poole, Pulteney.

Kimmeridge Bay, under stones between tide-marks, dredged
in deep water, J. C. M.-P.

245.

Var.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 63

ACANTHOCHITES, Risso, 1826.

A. fascicularis (Z.) Chiton fascicularis, L.

Brit. Conch., Vol. iii., p. 211; Pulteney, p. 25, pl. 1, f. 1.

Under stones and on shells, at depths ranging from low-
water-mark to 20 fathoms,

Poole, on oyster shells, not uncommon, Pulteney,

Weymouth, plentiful between tide-marks, W. Thompson,
E. R. Sykes.

Lyme Regis, J. W. Cundail.

Kimmeridge Bay, abundant from the shore to deep water,
J. 0. M.-P.

gracilis, Jeff.

Lulworth, Jeffreys.
Weymouth, Metcalfe and Damon.
Fossil : Coralline Crag, Suffolk.

. A. diserepans (Brown). Chiton discrepans, Brown.

Shell larger. The margin is very broad, more so than in the
preceding, and more dilated.

On rocks and stones from low-water-mark to 25 fathorns.

Weymouth, Damon.

DENTALIIDZ.

DENTALIUM, L.

.D. vulgare, Da Costa. OD. Tarentinum, Lamarck.

D. entalis, Z. (in part).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 451, pl. 57, f. 12.

Pulteney, p. 59, pl. 22, f. 10.

A southern British shell, in contrast to D. entalis, which
must be regarded as a northern type.

Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.

Studland Bay, thrown up by the sea (alive), J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged (alive), more common on the
western side of the Bay (Gadeliff), J. C. M£.-P.

64

248.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.
Class PELECYPODA.

The classification of the Pelecypoda has been always a matter
of great difficulty owing to their comparatively uniform
structure. The muscular impressions were for a long time
solely relied upon. An arrangement based on the existence
of one or two adductor muscles only proved unsatisfactory,
as well as the classification based on the form of the foot ;
Fischer based his classification on the respiratory organs.
That of Pelseneer, founded on the gill structures, is
probably the best, and will be generally used.

(Lamellibranchiata, Conchifera, Bivalves.)

ARCIDA.
BARBATIA, Gray, 1840.

B. lactea (Z.) Arca lactea, LZ.

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 11, f. 5.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 238, pl. 46, f. 1-3.

Secretes itself in the cavities of shells, and anchors itself to
stones hy its byssus.

North shore of Poole, Pulteney.

Portland, dredged 15 fathoms, E£. Forbes,

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, different depths, J. C. M.-P.

Swanage, Miss Colson.

Fossil: Coralline an Red Crags.

PECTUNCULUS, Lamarck, 1799.

. P. glycimeris (Z.) Area pilosa, Z.

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 11, f. 2.

Generally distributed round the coast ; inhabits deep water.

Weymouth and Swanage, Pulteney.

Portland, West Bay, of a more ovate form, Z. P. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, 10 fathoms, J. C. M.-P.

Dead valves thrown on shore between Studland and South
Haven, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 65

NUCULIDZ.
NUCULA, Lamarck, 1799.

250. N. nucleus (Z). Arca nucleus, ZL.

Pulteney, p. 37, pl. 12, f. 6.

Abundant ; frequents a coarse sea-bottom.

Weymouth and about Poole Harbour, Pulteney.

Poole, dredged, back of Hook, Dr. T'urner.

Weymouth, plentiful, #. R. Sykes.

Between South Haven and Studland, Carleton Green.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at several depths, J. C. M.-P.

West Bay, between West Bexington and Abbotsbury,
J.C. M.-P.

Fossil: Red and Coralline Crags.

Var, radiata, Forbes and Hanley.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 220, pl. 47, f. 4,5, and pl. 48,
f, 7.

Weymouth, common, £. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

251. N. nitida, G. B. Sowerby.
Ranges from low spring-tides to 86 fathoms.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.
Kimmeridge Bay, abundant, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

LEDA, Schumacher, 1817.

bo
ot
Ww

. L. minuta (Moll.) Area minuta, Fabricius.

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 1, f. 16.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 225, pl. 47, f. 11-13.
Rare in the southern counties.

Weymouth, scarce, S. Hanley.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil ; Red Crag and Pleistocene.

66

Lo
iit
oo

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

OSTREIDA.
OSTREA, ZL.

The genus Ostrea is distinct from the Peetinide in the
structure of its gills and by its resting on the left valve.

. 0. edulis, Z.

Poole, within the harbour, shell pink (living), Dr. Turner.

Fleet, Weymouth, abundant; planted in an oyster-bed,
E. RB. Sykes.

Frequently met with in excavations of the Roman Period.

Var. hippopus, Lamarck, Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 307.

254.

Var.
Var.

Weymouth Bay, dredged, BH. R. Sykes.

In 1873 a bed of this variety was discovered on the trawling-
ground 15 miles south of Portland Bill

Poole, outside the Harbour, or. Turner.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, deep water, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Red Crag. Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich.

ANOMIIDA.
ANOMIA, Z., 1767.

Attached to oysters and other shells. They assume the form
of the surfaces with which their growing margins are in
contact.

A. ephippium, Z.

Pulteney, p. 28, pl. 11, f. 3. Brit. Conch., Vol. ii., p. 33a.

Weymouth, abundant, Damon.

Sandy shore between South Haven and Studland, J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, attached to stems and oyster-shells,
J.C. M.-P.

squamula, ZL. Weymouth, round sea-weed stems, EL. R. Sykes.

aculeata, Mull. Kimmeridge Bay, on a scallop the ridges of
which were repeated on its shell, J. C. M.-P.

The variations are due to the position it takes on the olject
to which it attaches itself.
Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

TIIE MOLLUSCA OF DURSETSHIRE. 67

255, A. patelliformis, Z. Anomia undulata, Gel.

Pulteney, p. 39, pl. 11, £. 4.

It extends from the Littoral zone to 40 and 50 fathoms.
Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

PECTINIDA.
PECTEN, Mull, 1776.

56. P. pusio (L.) Ostrea sinuosa, Z.
Pulteney, p. 38, pl. 10, £. 3-6.

Generally distributed round the coast, ranging from low-

water-mark to several fathoms.
Weymouth Bay, Damon, £. R. Sykes.

Poole, breakwater (living) ; sandbanks, outside Harbour

(dead), Dr. Turner.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, abundant, J. C. A-P.
Fossil : Coralline Crag.

57. P. opercularis (Z.) Ostrea opercularis, L.

Pulteney, p. 38, pl. 9, f. 1, 2, 4, 5.
Generally distributed round the coast ; local name, Squin.

E. —R. Syles.

Var. Audouinii, Payr.; Weymouth Bay, Z. R. Sykes.

Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

58. P. varius (Z.) Ostrea varia, L.
Pulteney, p. 38, p. 10, f. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9.

This beautiful and varialle-coloured shell is distributed

generally round the coast, dredged at various depths, anl
invariably attached to some object by its byssus.

Poole, breakwater (living), outside Harbour (dead), on

the sandbanks, Dr. Turner.
Weymouth, #. RB. Sykes.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. ML-P.
Shore between South Haven and Studland, J. C. I-P.
Fossil ; Lenham beds.

. lineatus, Da Costa; extremely common in Weymouth Pay,

68

259.

260.

261.

Var.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

P. tigrinus, Miller.

An extremely variable species. Some shells are perfectly
smooth while others are ribbed (costata).

Scarce on our coasts.

Swanage, Miss Colson.

Weymouth Bay, dredged, W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : In the Coralline Red, and Mammaliferous Crags.

P. maximus (Z.) Ostrea maxima, L.

Pulteney, p. 37, pl. 9, f. 3.

Has a range of depth varying from 3 to 40 fathoms.

“The sea between Portland and Purbeck has been long
famous for the production of this species,” Pulteney.

Weymouth Bay, a few have been trawled in the Bay and off
Portland, but less abundantly than formerly, EZ. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged in deep water, J. C. M.-P.

Between South Haven and Studland, after storms and high
seas, valves may be seen strewn as high as the sand-
dunes, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

LIMA, Bruguidre, 1792.
The Limas move backwards.

L. Loscombii, G. B. Sowerby.

Portland, dredged, 15 fathoms, McAndrew and E. Forbes.
Weymouth, Damon.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, 10 fathoms, J. C. M.-P.
Worbarrow Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

MYTILIDA.
MYTILUS, Z., 1758.

Several often found together attached by the byssus to
stones and often to floating objects.

. M. edulis, Z.

Pulteney, p. 39, pl. 12, f. 5.
Generally distributed round the coast, and in estuaries.

pellucida, Penn. Weymouth, £. R. Sykes.
Fossil: Coralline Crag. Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich.

263.

266.

267.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 69

MODIOLA, Lamarck, 1799.

Modiola is distinguished from the mussel by its habit of
burrowing, or spinning a nest of small stones, and fragments
of shells, by its byssal threads.

M. modiolus (Z.)

Generally distributed round the coast from low-water-mark
to 60 fathoms.
Fossil : Red and Norwich Crags.

. M. adriatica, Lamarck. M. tulipa, Lamarck.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 189, pl. 45, f. 7, and pl. 48, f. 6.
Portland, West Bay, 15 fathoms, gravel, McAndrew.
Between South Haven and Studland, J. £. Cooper.
Swanage, Miss Colson.

Kimmeridge Bay, Gadcliff, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

. M. barbata, Lamarck.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 190, pl. 41, f. 4.

A rather rare British species, but not uncommon on the
Dorset coast.

Dredged off Portland in fifteen fathoms and in Weymouth
Bay in nine fathoms, McAndrew and Fortes.

Shore between South Haven and Studland, J. C. AL.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, frequent, dredged in several depths,
J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Red Crag.

M. phaseolina, Philippi.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged fifteen fathoms, J. C. M.-P.
First recorded as a British shell by Mr. Jeffreys in 1847.
Fossil : Coralline Crag.

MODIOLARIA, Beck (Lovén).

M. marmorata (Forbes.) Crenella marmorata, Forbes.
Mytilus discors, Da Costa.

Generally distributed round the coast.

Poole and Swanage Bay, attached to oysters, Pulteney.

Weymouth, common in the tests of ascidians, EZ. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged in moderately deep water, usually
found in the tests of Ascidians, sometimes on the valves of
Oysters, J. C. M.-P.

On the shore between South Haven and Studland, J. C. Mf. P.

70 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

268. M. costulata (Jsso.) Crenella costulata (Zsso.)

First notice of it as a British shell in Vol. xix., p. 113,
* Annals of Natural History,” by Gwyn Jeffreys.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

269. M. discors (Z.) Crenella discors, L.

Weymouth, rather plentiful; dredged, attached to oysters,
algee, and zoophytes, W. Thompson.

Weymouth, in seaweed, Z. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at various depths, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Chillesford Crag; doubtfully recorded from the
Coralline.

co th ioe a sa

CRENELLA, Brown, 1827.

The animal does not spin a thick byssus like Modiolaria, but
secretes a single thread only for attachment by which it
holds itself suspended in the water.

270. C. rhombea (Berkeley). Modiola rhombea, Berke/ey.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 209, pl. 25, f. 3.

A single individual of this small and extremely rare shell, the
average length of which does not exceed the fifth of an
inch, was dredged at Weymouth, adhering by its byssus
to a large mass of slate by the Rev. Miles Berkeley,
Forbes and Hanley.

Poole, sand-banks (living), Dr. Turner.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

AVICULIDA.
PINNA, L., 1758.

271. P. rudis, Z. P. pectinata, LZ.

Pulteney, p. 41, pl. 3, f. 2.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 255, pl. 43, f. 1, 2, and
pl. 53, f. 8.

Swanage and Studland, thrown up on the shore after a rough
sea, Pulteney.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 71
Weymouth and Dorset coasts, S. Hanley.
Weymouth, on the beach occasionally, £. 2. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, west side Gadcliff, dredged. J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

UNIONIDA.
UNIO, Philippsson, 1788.

272. U. pictorum (Z.) Mya pictorum, L.

Var.

wo
oe |
~

Lo
1
cr

Pulteney, p. 28, pl. 12, f. 4.
River Stour, ‘‘ Noticed by Henry Seymer, Esq., where I also
have found it,” Pulteney.

ANODONTA, Lamarck, 1801.

. A. cygnea (Z.) Mytilus cygneus, L.

Slow rivers and ponds.
Pulteney, p. 40, pl. 12, f. 2.
Generally distributed.

rostrata, Jeff. Corfe river, G. Jeffreys.

CYRENIDA.
SPHAERIUM, Scop., 1777.

.§. corneum (Z.) Tellina cornea, ZL.

Cyclas cornea (Lam.)

Slow rivers and ponds.
Pulteney, p. 23, pl. 7, f. 2.
Generally distributed.

Fossil: Mammaliferous Orag.

. §. lacustre, Miller.

Ponds and standing waters.

Lulworth, Castle gate pond, Daniel,
Holwell, H. H. Wood.

Stoborough Meadows, Wareham, J. C. M1.-P.

~~

wo

276.

Var.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.
PISIDIUM, C. Pfeifer, 1821.

P. amnicum (Miller).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 135.

Slow ponds and streams.

Lulworth, 7. Rackett.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis, J. C. M.-P.

Corfe river, King Edward’s Bridge ; Stoborough Meadows,
J.C. M.-P.

Wareham, watercourses, meadows, Bevan.

pulchella. Weymouth Daniel.

. P. fontinale (Drap.)

Slow streams and standing water.
East Lulworth, Kendall.

. Henslowiana, Holwell, H. H. Wood.

. pulchella, Weymouth, Damon; river, Chamberlaynes, Bere

Regis, J. C. M.-P.

. cinerea, river Stour, Spettisbury, J. C. M.-P.

. P. pusillum, Gel.

279.

280.

Ponds and ditches.

West Lulworth, Kendall.

Wareham, watercourses, Stoborough meadows, and meadows
on the north side of the town, J. C. M.-P.

Chesil Bank, ditches adjoining Abbotsbury, and West
Bexington, J. C. M.-P.

Sturminster Marshall, watercourses, J. C. M.-P.

P. nitidum, Jenyns.

Ponds and standing water.

Swanage pond, R. H. Smith.

Chamberlaynes, Bere Regis (river), J. C. M.-P.

Burton, near Wool, watercourses, river Frome, J. C. M.-P.
Wilkes Wood ; Langton Matravers, ponds J. C. M.-P.
Chapman’s Pool, J. C. M.-P.

P. roseum, Scholéz.

Marshes, ponds, and stagnant waters.
Weymouth, Damon.

281.

Var.

283.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 73

KELLIIDA.
KELLIA, Turt., 1822.

K. suborbicularis (Jfont.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 87, f. 9, 9a, 9x.

Ranges from low-water-mark to 60 fathoms, abounding mestly
in about 15 or 20 fathoms, It lives in the cavities of
rocks, or of dead bivalves.

Off Portland, in 15 fathoms, Forbes and McAndrew.

Weymouth, from masses of Corallina officinalis, W. Thompson.

Sandsfoot, £. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, 12 fathoms, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

LASZA (Leach), Brown, 1827.

This genus is intermediate between Montacuta and Kellia.

. L. rubra (Mont.) Kellia rubra, Mont.

A strictly littoral species, lives between tide-marks, in crevices
of rocks, and among the roots of Corullines and Fuci.

Weymouth, plentiful on the stems of Corallina officinalis,
W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge Bay, in crevices and nooks of shore-rocks near
high-water-mark, and Coralline roots, J. C. AL-P.

pallida, Jeffreys.

Portland, abundant in one locality to the exclusion of the
typical form, £. R. Sykes.

LEPTON, Turton, 1822.

L. squamosum (Jont).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 98, pl. 36, f. 8, 9.

Frequents the Laminarian and Coralline zones.

West Bay, Portland, dredged, 15 fathoms, Forbes and
McAndrew.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

284,

Var.

Ww
a
=I

74

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

L. nitidum, Turt. Kellia nitida (Turton).

This minute shell is only 0O-lmm. long and 0:29mm. broad.
It is very local, ranges from Shetland to the Channel
Islauds from 10 to ¥0 fathoms.

convexa, Alder.

Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

. L. Clarkise, Clark.

Brit. Conch., Vol. ii., p 202.

This very minute and scarce British shell is only 085mm
long and O0-lmm. broad.

Lulworth Cove, Gwyn Jeffreys.

Weymouth, Damon.

MONTACUTA, Turton, 1819.

. M. ferruginosa (Mont.)

Weymouth, £. BR. Sykes.
Fossil: Coraliine Crag.

. M. bidentata (Afont.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii, p. 75, pl. 18, f. 6., 6a.
Generally found embedded in the thick valves of dead oysters.
Weymouth, Jeffreys.

Portland, in mud under stones, £. 2. Sykes.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

. M. substriata (Jont.)

Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil: Coralline Crag, &c. ‘

GALEOMMIDA, Gray.
GALEOMMA, Turton, 1825.

. G. Turtoni, Sow.

This very minute shell (which is only 0-2mm. long and
‘04mm. Lroad). It inhabits rocky and story ground from
low-water-mark to 20 fathoms.

Weymouth, on Eschara foliacea, W. Thompson.

Lo
wo

-1

cr

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.
KELLIELLIDA.
TURTONIA, Fortes and Hanley, 1849.

Habits similar to those of Laseea, living in pools and crevices
of rocks between tide-marks and on the roots of sea-weeds
and Corallines. Mr. Thompson took them from the
stomachs of Mullets on the north-east coast of Ireland.

. T. minuta (0. Falr.) Cyamium minutum (0. Fabr.)

The occurrence of this minute shell on our coast is confined
to Weymouth and there only sparingly. It rareiy
exceeds the tenth of an inch in length and half of that
amount in breadth. It is found in company with Lassa
rubra.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Remarkable for its abundance in the Raised beach at
Portland.

UNGULINIDZE.
PTYCHINA, Philippi, 1836.

. P. flexuosa (Jfont.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 54, pl. 35, f. 4.
Weymouth, dredged, 7 fathoms, Forbes and McAndrew.
Weymouth Bay, £. BR. Sykes.

DIPLODONTA, Bronn, 1831.

D. rotundata (Mont.) Tellina rotundata, Jont.

Pulteney, p. 30, pl. 5, f. 8.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 66, pl. 35, f. 8.

Poole, I have found dead valves abundant on the rocks
above high-water-mark,” Afontagu.

Poole, sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner.

Weymouth, Damon.

Shore between South Haven and Studland; Poole Harbour
near the entrance on the south side, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

76

293.

294.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

ASTARTIDA.
ASTARTE, Sow.; 1816.

A. suleata (Da Costa).
Weymouth Bay, W. Thompson.
Fossil : Red Crag.

A. triangularis (Mont.)

A more abundant shell in Scotland than in England. Very
abundant in the Scilly Islands,

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

ARCTICIDA.
ARCTICA, Schum., 1817.

. A. islandiea (Z.) Cyprina islandica (Z.)

Venus islandiea, ZL.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 441, pl. 29,f. 4. Pulteney,
p. 35, pl. 6, f. 5.

One of our largest British shells, a northern species, living at
depths from 5 to 25 fathoms.

Weymouth, very frequent, Hanley.

Poole, Z. Forbes ; sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Swanage Bay, dredged, 5 fathoms, Afiss Colson.

Lyme Regis, dredged, J. W. Cundall.

Between Studland and South Haven, numbers thrown up on
the sandy shore after a gale, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : British Pliocene from the Box Stones to the
Weybourn Crag.

DONACIDA.
DONAX, Z., 1758.

Siphons short, separate, divergent.

. D. vittatus, Da Costa. D. anatinus, Lam.

D. trunculus, Pui.

Pulteney, p. 33, pl. 6, f. 3. Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i.,
p. 332, pl. 21, f. 4, 5, 6.

An exceedingly abundant shell on the sandy parts of the
coasts ; often thrown up after a rough sea.

Weymouth, Pulteney, W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.

297.

298,

Var.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 77

Poole, Pulteney.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, J. C. M.-P.

Owing to the tough hinge-ligament the valves are usually
found undetached. The specific name anatinus having
been appropriated by Continental writers for the Mediter-
ranean species, British conchologists have adopted
Da Costa’s name vittatus.

Fossil: Norwich Crag ; doubtfully in the Red Crag.

D. politus (Polz.)

This is one of the brightest-coloured shells of the British seas.
Lives in sand near low-water-mark of spring tides,
Weymouth, Damon.

Whitenose, dredged, 5 fathoms (alive), Z. R. Sykes.

Shore between South Haven and Studland, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

MACTRIDZE.
MACTRA, L., 1767.

M. subtruncata (Da Costa).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 358, pl. 21, f. 8, and pl. 22, f. 2.

Pulteney, p. 32, pl. 5, f. 10.

Weymouth, dredged, 7 fathoms, Z. Forbes and McAndrew.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Poole, sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Abundant on the shore between Studland and South Haven ;
Studland Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

striata, Bro.

Weymouth Bay, on the old oyster bed, £. R. Sykes.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags; it survived through the
Glacial Period.

. M. stultorum, Z.

Pulteney, p. 33, pl. 8, f. 3.

Another abundant shell in the sandy districts of the coast.

North shore, Poole; Weymouth, Pulteney.

Weymouth Bay, large number thrown up alive on the shore
after easterly gales, many tenanted by the pea crab (Pin-
tharis pisum), W. Thompson.

Abundant on the shore between South Haven and Studland,
after a gale, J. C. M.-P.

~

f]

8 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Var. cinerea, Mont.

300.

303.

Weymouth, Damon. '
Fossil : Coralline Crag.

M. solida, Z.

Pulteney, p. 34, pl. 12, f. 1.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i. p. 352, pl. 22, f. 1, 5.

Common in the sandy districts of the coast.

Poole, Pulteney. ;

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Between Studland and South Haven, thrown up on shore
(alive), Dr. Turner, J. C. M.-P.

. elliptica, Brown. Weymouth, W. Thompson.

r, truncata, Mont. Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

. M. elliptica, Brown.

Bears a close resemblance to Jf. solida, but differs in size,
being smaller, broader in proportion to its length, and
less solid. Habits similar.

Studland shore (living), Dr. Turner.

LUCINIDA.
LUCINA, Bruguidre, 1792.

The foot of the Lucina is often twice as long as the animal
and is usually folded and concealed between the gills.

2. L. borealis (L.)

Inhabits muddy gravel and sand from low-water-mark spring
tides to 82 fathoms.
Weymouth, Damon.

LORIPES, Poli, 1791.

Loripes lacteus (Mont.) Tellina lactea, Mont.
Lucina leucoma, Z'urt.

Pulteney, p. 30, pl. 5, f. 9.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 57, pl. 35, 7. 2.

Poole, single valves are often thrown up on the shore, rare,
Pulteney.

Studland, £. Forbes.

Fleet, Weymouth. Very fine specimens commonly obtained
by digging at the mouth of the Fleet, Z. R. Sikes, '

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

304.

305.

306.

307.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 79
TELLINIDZ.

The valves are often richly coloured and ornamented with
finely sculptured lines.

TELLINA, L.
T. crassa, Gel.

Pulteney, p. 30, pl. 7, f. 4.

Poole, sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner.

Weymouth and Poole, S. Hanley.

Portland Bay, West, 15 fathoms, McAndrew and E. Forbes.
Kimmeridge Bay, near Gadcliff, on gravelly sand, dredged.
Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

T. balthica, Z. T. solidula, Puit.

Pulteney, p. 31, pl. 8, f. 4.

Generally distributed round the coast.

Poole sand-banks, living and dead, Dr. Turner.
Poole Harbour, mud, J. C. M.-P.

Weymouth Backwater, common, Z. &. Syles.
Studland, shore, J. C. AL.-P.

Fossil: Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich.

T. tenuis, Da Costa.

Pulteney, p. 30, pl. 5, f. 3.

Da Costa, p. 210.

Extremely common on our sandy shores, living buried in
in the sand below low-water-mark. Da Costa notices it
as a Dorsetshire shell.

Weymouth, W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, J. C. M.-P.

T. fabula, Gronovius.

Pulteney, p. 30, pl. 12, f. 3.

A littoral shell, occasionally ranging to a depth of 7 fathoms.
Poole, sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner,

Studland, sand-banks, 7. Rackett.

Sandy shore between Studland and South Haven, J. C. M.-P.
Weymouth, W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.

Fossil: Mammaliferous Crag, Suffolk,

80 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

308. T. inearnata, Z. T. squalida, Pult. T. depressa, Pult.
Pulteney, p. 30, pl. 5, f. 2.
Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 298, pl. 20, f. 5.
A scarce British shell.
Weymouth, dredged, 7 fathoms, EZ. Forbes and McAndrew.
Poole, north shore, Pulteney.
Weymouth, shore after a storm; lives in sand, at the mouth

of the Fleet estuary, Z. R. Sykes.

309. T. donacina, L.
Pulteney, p. 29, pl. 11, f. 3, 6.
Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 292, pl. 12, f. 3, 6.
A widely-distributed species.
Weymouth, very sparingly, Pulteney.
Portland, West Bay, dredged in 15 fathoms, £. Forbes and
McAndrew.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, 11 fathoms, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

SCROBICULARIIDA.
SCROBICULARIA, Schumacher, 1817.

310. S. piperita (@mel.) Mactra Listeri, Gmel.

Pulteney, p. 33, pl. 7, f. 1.

Usually found at the mouths of rivers and inlets, and not far
from fresh-water.

Poole Harbour and north shore, Pulteney, Dr. Turner.

Mud-flats, Branksea Island, abundant, J. C. M.-P.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

The Fleet, generally dead, #. R. Sykes.

“One valve obtained at Bawdsey Cliff. I have one also
from the Woodbridge district,” MS. by the late Mr. R.
Bell in the possession of £. R. Sykes. This confirms
Searle Wood’s doubtful Red Crag.

Fossil : Quaternary tufaceous deposit, Blashenwell, Clement
Reid.

SYNDOSMYA, Reeluz, 1842.

311. S. prismatica (Mont.) Serobicularia prismatica (Mont.)
This iridescent species has a great range of depth from the
Laminarian zone to 100 fathoms. There is no record
of it, east of Weymouth.
Weymouth, S. Hanley.

312,

313,

314,

315.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 81

S. nitida, Lovén. §. intermedia, Thompson.

A boreal shell.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 31, pl. 17, f. 9, 10.

Lives in slimy mud at different depths.

E. Forbes (1853) gives several British localities for this shell,
but omits Weymouth. McAndrew found it on the
north coast of Cornwall. Messrs. Howse and Mennell on
the Dogger Bank.

Weymouth, Damon, E. R. Sykes.

S. alba (Wood). Mactra Boysii, Mont.

Pulteney, p. 33, pl. 12, f. 7.

Not uncommon on the sandy and muddy parts of the coast.

Studland, 7. Rackett.

Poole, 7. Rackett.

Weymouth, W. Thompson ; dredged, 5 fathoms, E. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, 8 fathoms, abundant, J. C. -P.

Fossil : Upper Tertiaries from the Clyde beds to the
Coralline Crag.

S. tenuis, (Mont.) Scrobicularia tenuis (Mont. )

Pulteney, p. 33. ;

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 323, pl. 17, f. 11.

In the Fleet, west of Portland Bridge, abundant, S. Hanley,
J. C. M.-P.

Fleet estuary (alive) with Rissova membranacea, HE. R. Sykes.

Poole Harbour, south side, near the mouth (dead), abundant,
thrown up with the sea-weed, J. C. M.-P.

LUTRARIA, Lam., 1799.

L. oblonga (Chemnitz. )

Pulteney, p. 33, pl. 2. f. 4.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 374, pl. 13, f. 1.

Lives in moist mud and ooze.

Poole Harbour, north shore; Poole Harbour, opposite
Branksome ; deep mud near Lilliput, J. C. A/-P.

Poole sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner; Studland beach,
Pulteney, J. C. M.-P.

Weymouth, Pulteney ; thrown up on the shore continually
covered with Algw, Sepule, Corallines, only met with ten
living specimens, W. Thompson ; H. R. Sykes.

8

3 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

316. L. elliptica, Zamarck. Mactra lutraria, L.

317.

318.

319.

3

0.

Pulteney, p. 33, pl. 5, f. 11.

Lives in moist mud and ooze on the Dorset coast.
Weymouth, Damon, occasionally after storms.
Poole, cn the sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner.
Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

Order CARDIACEA.

CARDIIDA.

Siphons short; foot large, sickle-shaped.
CARDIUM, Z. 1758.

C. aculeatum, L.

British Conchology, Vol. ii., p. 268.

A local shell, rare on the Dorset coast but very abundant: in
South Devon,

Weymouth Bay, dredged, W. Thompson ; several, one measur-
ing in greatest breadth four and a-half inches, Z. 2. Sykes.

C. echinatum, J.

Pulteney, p. 31, pl. 6, f. 2.

Weymouth, Bay, #. R. Sykes.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: St. Erth beds and Red Crag.

C. tuberculatum, Z. C. rusticum (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 31, pl. 2, f. 2.

British Conchology, Vol. ii., p. 273.

Sandy bays, from low-water-mark at spring-tides to 12 fathoms.
Weymouth, Damon, HE. R. Sykes.

Poole, sand-banks (dead), Dr. Z'urner.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil : St. Erth beds and Red Crag.

C. exiguum, Gmel. C. pygmzum, Don.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 29, pl. 32, f. 8,

Weymouth, Hanley.

Weymouth Bay, on sea-weed, dredged 5 fathoms, Z. R. Sykes,

321.

323.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 83

Poole Harbour (living), outside harbour, sand-banks (dead),
E. R. Sykes.

Swanage Bay, dredged, Laminarian zone.

Fleet, Swannery, abundant on the silk-weed with Paludestrina
ventrosa, J. C. M.-P.

C. fasciatum, Mont.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 25, pl. 32, f. 5.

Portland, dredged, from 15 to 27 fathoms, EZ. Forbes and
McAndrew.

Weymouth, Damon.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at various depths, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil ; Coralline and Red Crags,

. C. nodosum, Turi.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. ii., p. 22, pl. 32, f. 7.
Laminarian zone, but extends occasionally to the Coralline.
Weymouth, Hanley ; E. R. Sykes.

Portland, dredged, 15 fathoms, EZ. Forbes and McAn‘trew.
Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

C. edule, L.

Pulteney, p. 32, pl. 11, f. 1.

Abundant in the sandy parts of Poole Harbour and at
Weymouth, J. C. .-P.

Raised Beach, Portland, Prestwich, E. R. Sykes.

Fossil ; Coralline and Red Ciags.

LEVICARDIUM, Swainson, 1840.

. L. norvegicum (Spengler).

Cardium norvegicum, Speng. C. levigatum, Penn.

Pulteney, p. 31, pl. 7, f. 6.

Inhabits sandy and gravelly ground from 55 to 30 fathoms
depth. The immature valves are very beautifully coloured,

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Swanage, Pulteney.

Poole, north shore, Puléeney.

Shore between Studland and South Haven (dead), where the
valves are profusely strewn, J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged at various depths ; young specimens
very abundant, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Box Stones and Coralline Crag.

84

326.

327.

328,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

Order VENERACEA.

VENERIDZ.
VENUS, 2

. V. verrucosa, L.

Da Costa, p. 185, pl. 12, f. 1.

Pulteney, p. 34, pl. 8, f. 1.

Weymouth, dredged in seven fathoms, HZ. Forbes and
McAndrew.

Fleet estuary, north side, Z. R. Sykes.

Swanage, Miss Colson.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : In beds of the Glacial epoch.

V. fasciata (Da Costa).

Pulteney, p. 34, pl. 7, £. 3.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. L., p. 415, pl. 23, f. 3, and pl. 26, f. 7.

Weymouth, Pulteney ; small dwarfed form, dredged,
E.R. Sykes.

Portland, dredged 15 fathoms, Z. Forbes and McAndrew.

Kimmeridge Bay, off St. Alban’s Head, 15 fathoms, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil ; Walton and Red Crags.

V. easina, ZL.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. I., p. 405, pl. 24, £. 1, 5, 6.
Portland, West Bay, 15 fathoms, Z. Forbes and McAndrew.
Weymouth, live specimens dredged, W. Thompson.
Lulworth Cove, Morton G. Stuart.

Swanage, Mss Colson.

Between South Haven and Studland, Carleton Green.

Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

V. ovata, Penn.

Pulteney, p. 35, t. 1, f. 15.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. II., p. 419, pl. 24, f 2, and
pl. 26, f. J.

A widely- -distributed shell, frequenting depths varying from
three to a hundred fathoms.

Weymouth, Racket? ; fairly common, L. R. Sykes.

Studland, Rackett.

Kimmeridge Bay, plentiful, various depths, di C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags,

329,

330.

331,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 85

V. gallina, Z. V. striatula, Da Costa. V. easina, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 35, pl. 8, f. 2.

Ranges to great depths.

Weymouth, Pulteney; nearly tending to var. gibba, Jeffreys ;
E. R. Sykes.

Poole, Pulteney ; sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner.

Swanage, Pulteney, Miss Colson.

Studland, Pulteney.

Lyme Regis, dredged, J. W. Cundall.

Shore, between South Haven and Studland, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Post glacial, Kelsey Hill, S. V. Wood.

CIRCE, Schumacher, 1817.

C. minima (Afont.)

One of our scarcer species, plentiful in certain localities.

St. Alban’s Head, off Chapman’s Pool, dredged in about six
fathoms, J. C. Jf.-P.

Fossil : Coraliine and Red Crags.

DOSINIA, Scopold, 1777.

D. exoleta (Z.) Venus exoleta, L.
Artemis exoleta, Fortes.

Da Costa, p. 187, pl. 12, f. 5; Donovan, Vol. ii., p. 42, £1,
pl. 12, f. 5.

Pulteney, p. 35, pl. 8, f. 5.

Poole, sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Weymouth, Damon.

Kimmeridge Bay, St. Alban’s Head, off Chapman’s Pool,
dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Lenham Bedsand Red Crag, doubtful in the Coralline.

2. D. lincta (Pult.) Artemis lincta, Puldeney.

Pulteney, p. 35, pl. 1, £ 13.

Weymouth, Damon.

Poole, sand-banks (dead), Carleton Green.
Fossil: Coralline and Walton Crags.

86

333.

334,

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.
LUCINOPSIS, Forbes and Hanley, 1848.

L. undata (Penn).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. I., p. 435, pl. 28, f. 1, 2.

Frequents sandy ground, hasa wide range of depth, from a
few fathoms to 80 fathoms.

Weymouth, dredged seven fathoms, £. Forbes and
McAndrew ; thrown up on the shore after a storm, Z. 2.
Sykes.

Lyme Regis, dredged, J. W. Cundaill.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline and Chillingford Crags.

TAPES, Afihifeldt, 1811.

T. aureus (@mel.) Venus aurea, Gmel.

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 13, f. 3.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 392, pl. 25, £. 5.

A tolerably abundant shell. The internal colouring varies
from a rich golden to a pale yellow colour with strains of
purple on the hinge-margin. The distribution extends to
the Mediterranean.

Weymouth, S. Hanley; cast on shore alive, W. Thompson,
E. RB. Sykes.

Poole Harbour, south shore near the mouth, J. C. M.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

. T. virginea (Z.)

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 13, f. 1.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 388, pl. 25, f. 4.

One of the most beautiful of the British Veneride.

Portland, West Bay, dredged 15 fathoms, EZ. Forbes and
McAndrew.

Poole, £. Forbes.

Studland sands, Dr. Turner, Miss Colson.

Weymouth Bay, W. 7hompson.

Lyme Regis, dredged, J. W. Cundall.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged several fathoms, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

336.

Var.

337.

338.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 87

T. pullastra (Mont.)

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 1, f. 8.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 36, pl. 1., f. 8.

A littoral shell, frequents sandy and muddy gravelly ground,
the tests of Laminaria and the crevices of rocks.

Poole, E. Forbes, J. C. M.-P.

Studland sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

purpurea. Weymouth, Damon.

Both the typical and distorted forms are common at
Weymouth ; the latter are not a true variety, EZ. R. Sykes.
Fossil: St. Erth beds, doubtful in the Coralline Crag,

T. decussata (Z.) Cuneus reticulatus, Da Costa..

Pulteney, p. 36, pl. 6, f. 4.

Forbes and Hanley, p. 379, pl. 25, f. 1; Da Costa, p. 203.

A littoral shell rarely if ever taken by the dredge, At
certain seasons they are seen in great numbers at the
north shore, Poole Harbour, Pulteney.

Weymouth, Pulteney.

Fleet estuary, north side, abundant and fine, Z. 2. Sykes.

Studland sand-banks, Dr. Turner. :

Poole Harbour, near the mouth, south side.

Fossil: Crag of Weybourne.

VENERUPIS, Lamarck.

V. Irus (Z.)

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 156, pl. 67, f. 1, 2, 3.

Da Costa, p. 204.

The lamelle on the surface of the shell distinguish it
from the rest of the rock-borers of our coasts.

Da Costa mentions it as a Dorsetshire shell.

Weymouth, Sandsfoot Castle, embedded in masses of rocks
on the shore, S. Hanley, E. R. Sykes.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

Swanage, J. £. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, embedded in blocks of cement stone (dead),
J.C, M.-P.

Fossil; Coralline Crag.

88 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

PSAMMOBIIDZ.
PSAMMOBIA, Lamarck, 1818.
339. P. tellinella, Lamarck,

Living in deep-water, it is not often thrown up on the
shore.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 277, pl. 19, £. 4.

Portland, dredged 15 fathoms, E. Forbes and McAndrew.

Weymouth Bay, W. Thompson, E. R. Sykes.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

340. P. costulata, Turt.

Very rare and seldom met with in a living state.
Weymouth, Damon.

Poole Harbour, shore, south side, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

341. P. Ferroensis (Chemnitz). Tellina Ferroensis, Chemmitz.

Pulteney, p. 29, pl. 6, f. 1.

Poole Harbour, north shore, Pulteney, J. C. M.-P.

Studland, Mss Colson.

Weymoath, W. Thompson; stray specimens on the shore
after a gale, £. R. Sykes.

Lyme Regis, 7. W. Cundall.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

342. P. vespertina (Chem.) Tellina variabilis, Pudt.

Pulteney, p. 29, 30, pl. 5, f. 2.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 271, pl. 19, f. 1, 2.

Portland, West Bay, dredged 15 fathoms, £. Forbes and
McAndrew.

Weymouth, S. Hanley.

Poole, north shore, Pulteney.

Studland, Miss Colson,

343,

344,

345,

Var.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 89

Order MYACEA.

MYIDA.

MYA, L.
M. arenaria, L.

Pulteney, p. 28, pl. 4, f. 2.

A broad, thick, semi-transparent shell gaping at both
extremities. Lives near low-water mark or near estuaries.
Weymouth, thrown on the shore after gales, W. Thompson.
Poole Harbour, taken alive buried in weed.

Fossil : Pliocene.

M. truncata, L.

Pulteney, p. 27, pl. 3, f. 1.

A deep-sea shell as well as littoral.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

Poole, sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Between South Haven and Studland, single valves,
abundantly strewed on the beach, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Coralline Crag and Boulder Clay at Whitby.

CORBULA, Brug., 1792.

C. gibba, Olie.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 180, pl. 9, f. 7-12.

This shell usually frequents the Laminarian Zone, and is
abundant round the coast.

Portland, West Bay, dredged 15 fathoms, Lieutenant
Thomas, R.N.

Weymouth Bay and mouth of the Fleet, abundant,
E. R. Sykes.

Poole, back of Hook, Dr. Turner.

Between South Haven and Studland, J. £. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, muddy sea-bottom, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

West Bexington, dredged seven fathoms, J. C. J.-P.

rosea, Jeff.

Weymouth, McAndrew ; Damon.
Fossil: Red and Coralline Crags.

90

346,

347.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

SAXICAVIDA.
SAXICAVA, Bellevue, 1802.

S. rugosa (Z.) Mytilus rugosus, Penn.

Pulteney, p. 39, pl. 13, f. 5.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 146, pl. 6, f. 7, 8.

In the young state it gapes at the superior margin.
Successive generations will occupy the same hole. The
last inhabits the place of its predecessor. In this way
two or three pairs of shells are found nested one within
the other.

Burrows in limestones and crevices of rocks, roots of sea-
weed, &c.

Found lodged in calcareous rocks at Weymouth and Portland,
Pulteney.
Weymouth, dredged as well as found on the beach in

detached portions of limestone, S. Hanley.

Portland, West Bay, dredged alive in 20 fathoms, E. Forbes
and McAndrew.

Lyme Regis, dredged, J. W. Cundali.

Swanage, J. £. Couper.

Kimmeridge Bay, in blocks of Kimmeridge clay, dredged
various “depths, not uncommon, J. C. MP.

Raised beach, Portland, Prestwich.

Fossil : Miocene ; : Coralline and Red Capa,

SOLENIDA.

Their process of locomotion is not limited to burrowing,
they can dart from place to place in the water as quickly
as a scallop and apparently in the same way.

SOLECURTUS, Bivile., 1824.

S. antiquatus (Pult.) S. coaretatus, &. and H. non. Gel.
Solen antiquatus, Pulteney. .

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 259, pl. 15, f. 3.
Pulteney, pl. 29.

Portland, West Bay, &. Forbes and McAndrew.
Weymouth, thrown up on the beach, Z. R. Sykes.

348.

349.

350.

351.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 91

SOLEN, ZL.
S. ensis, L.

Pulteney, p. 28, p. 4, f. 3.

Inhabits deeper water than S. sliqua, and is not, therefore,
so frequently found thrown up on the shore. Common on
the sandy parts of the coast.

S. siliqua, L.

Pulteney, p. 28, pl. 2, f. 5.

A very common shell at Weymouth and between South
Haven and Swanage. It buries itself under the sand
to the depth of a foot or more, and on the incoming of
the tide may be seen protruding its body a couple of
inches or more, but suddenly recedes on the approach of
footsteps.

Fossil : Red Crag.

S. vagina, ZL. S. marginatus, Pult.

Pulteney, p. 28, pl. 4, f. 8.

Differs from S. ensts in its straight valve, and from
S. siliqgua in having two teeth in each valve.

Weymouth, dredged, Pulteney; common at low-tide, alive,
E. BR. Sykes.

CULTELLUS, Schumacher, 1817.

C. pellucidus (Pennant). Solen pellucidus, Penn.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 252, pl. 13, f. 3.

This can scarcely claim to be a true Solen. It has an
immense range of depth from 6 to 100 fathoms. Inhabits
sand, and sandy mud.

Weymouth, dredged seven fathoms from 10 to 27 fathoms at
various distances, £. Forbes and McAndrew ; five
fathoms, &. R. Sykes.

Poole, dead on sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Studland, Miss Colson.

Worbarrow Bay, dredged 10 fathoms, J. C. AL-P.

Fossil ; In the Chillesford Crag.

92 THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.
PHARUS, Leach teste Gray, 1840.

352. P, legumen (Z.) Ceratisolen legumen (/orbes.)

Pulteney, p. 29, pl. 4, f. 4.

Da Costa, p. 238.

Found between Poole and Christchurch, but is very rare,
Pulteney.

PHOLADIDA, Gray.
PHOLAS, L.

353. P. dactylus, Z. P. hians, Pulteney.

Weymouth, S. Hanley, E. R. Sykes,

Studland, Pulteney.

Poole, sand-banks (dead), Dr. Turner; north shore, Pulteney.
Lyme Regis, #. Forbes, J. W. Cundaill.

354, P. candida, Z.

Pulteney, p. 27, pl. 1, f. 12.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i. p. 117, pl. 4, £1, 2.

Not half the size of the preceding, and fragile.

Weymouth, Pulteney ; S. Hanley ; E. R. Sukes. ;

Lyme Regis, embedded in blocks of lias, HZ. R. Sykes,
E. Forbes.

Swanage, Pulteney.

Poole, north shore, Pulteney; sand-banks, Dr. Turner.

Shore, between Swanage and South Haven, J. C. JL.-P.

Kimmeridge Bay, in blocks of shale, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil: Norwich Crag.

355. P. parva, Pennant.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i, p. 111, pl. 2, f. 2, pl. 4, f. 1, 2.

Portland, West Bay, dredged alive in 5 fathoms, McAndrew.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

Lyme Regis, J. W. Cundall.

Swanage, J. #. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, in blocks of cement stone, dredged,
J.C. M-P.

Var. quadrangula, Portland, A. H. Cooke,

356,

357,

358.

359,

360.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 93

P. erispata, L.

Pulteney, p. 27, pl. 3, f. 4.

Weymouth, W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged in blocks of shale, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Walton, Red and Weybourn Crags.

PHOLADIDEA (Goodall), Turton, 1819.

P. papyracea (Turton) 1819.

Weymouth, Damon.

Portland, McAndrew.

This very rare shell has only recently been added to the
Dorset list.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

TEREDINIDZ.
TEREDO, L., 1757.

T. norvegica, Spengler.

Weymouth, Damon.
Fossil : Coralline and Red Crags.

T. navalis, Z.
Pellets small, testaceous, forked, and solid at the base.
Weymouth, Damon.

T. megotara, Hanley.

Brit Conch., iii., p. 178.

“Jt is not unfrequently found on floating trees and pieces of
fir cast ashore on the east and north of the Shetland Isles
after a continuance of easterly gales, having been drifted
from the opposite coasts of Norway on pieces of Canadian
timber, which have apparently been transported by tie
Gulf Stream, aided by a succession of westerly gales,
especially during each equinox, on various parts of our
shore, including the Channel Islands, Sussex, Devon,
Cornwall, Dorset, Bristol Channel, &c., Jeffreys.

Lulworth, on the knee-timber of a stranded vessel, Jeffreys.

Weymouth, Damon.

Fossil: Red and Coralline Crags.

94

361.

363.

364.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE.

GASTROCHANIDA.
GASTROCHANA, Spengler, 1780.

G. dubia (Penn). G. modiolina (Lamarck).

Da Costa, p. 234.

Forbes and Hanley, p. 132, pl. 11, f. 5, 8

Pulteney, p. 27, pl. 1, f. 11.

Weymouth, Da Costa; dredged alive, McAndrew.
Sandsfoot Castle, soft rock and mud, alive, &. R. Sykes.
Swanage, J. £. Cooper.

Kimmeridge Bay, in blocks of shale, dredged, J. C. M.-P.
Fossil: Coralline and Red Crags.

ANATIDINZ.
COCHLODESMA, Couthouy.

. C. preetenuis (Mont.) Mya pretenuis, Pulteney.

Pulteney, p. 29, pl. 4, f. 7.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 235, pl. 15, f. 4.
Coast between Weymouth and Portland, Pulteney.
Poole, north shore near Brownsea, Pulteney.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

THRACIA (Leach) Blainville, 1824.

T. papyracea, Poli. T. phaseolina, Lam.
Embedded in rock, near low-water-mark,
Weymouth, S. Hanley ; #. R. Sykes.

Lyme Regis, Z. Forbes.

Fossil: Coralline Crag.

T. pubescens, Pulteney. T. phaseolina, Lamarck.
Mya declivis, Turt.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 226, pl. 16, f. 213.

Pulteney, p. 28, pl. 4, f. 6.

Weymouth, dredged, Pulteney ; W. Thompson.

Portland Breakwater, dredged 10 to 12 fathoms, Z. R. Sykes.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

. T. convexa, Wood.

Very rare.
Weymouth, W. Thompson.
Fossil : Coralline Crag.

366.

367.

Var.

368.

THE MOLLUSCA OF DORSETSHIRE. 95

T. distorta (Montagu).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i, p. 231, pl. 17, f. 1, 2, 3, 8.

Aithough not a borer this mollusc buries itself in the crevices
rocks, and conforms itself to the cavity in which it is

ing.

Weymouth, dead valves on the shores, alive opposite the
Old Castle, S. Hanley; £. R. Sykes.

Kimmeridge Bay, dredged, embedded in blocks of shale and
cement-stone ; not uncommon, J. C. M.-P.

Fossil : Coralline Crag.

PANDORIDA.
PANDORA (Solander) Bruguitre, 1792.

P. ineequivalvis (Z). P. rostrata, Lamarck.

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 207, pl. 8, f. 1-4.

Weymouth, Damon ; abundant, #. R. Sykes.

Shore between Studland and South Haven, abundant after a
storm (living), J. C. ML-P.

obtusa, Jef. Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 210, pl. 8, f. 5.

Portland, frequently obtained dredging, S. Hanley.

Weymouth, #. Forbes.

White Nose, dredged, W. Thompson.

Kimmeridge and Worbarrow Bays, dredged, J. C. M.-P.

Occurs as far as Barton in Hants, £. 2. Sykes.

Fossil : Typical form occurs in the Coralline Crag. Var. obtusa
in the Red Crag.

LYONSIIDA.
LYONSIA, 1822.

L. norvegica (Chemnitz).

Forbes and Hanley, Vol. i., p. 214, pl. 8, f. 6-9.

Weymouth. “The finest specimens we know of are those
dredged off Weymouth (near Portland), which measure
fully one inch and three-quarters in length and seven-
eighths of an inch in breadth,” 2. Forbes and Hanley.

Portland, West Bay, dredged 15 fathoms, McAndrew.

White Nose, W. Thompson. :

Kimmeridge Bay, off Gadcliff, J. C. M.-P.

96 THE MOLLUSCA oF DORSETSHIRE.
Order MOLLUSCOIDA.

Sub-order BracHIOpPopDa.

TEREBRATULIDA.
ARGIOPE, Zudes Deslongchamps, 1842.

369. A. cistellula (S. Wood).
Megathyris cistellula (S. Wood).
Attached to stones and valves of shells in several fathoms
deep.
Off Portland, #. R. Sykes.
Fossil: Coralline Crag.

370. A. eapsula, Jeffreys.

Habits similar to the preceding.

It occurs with A. cistellula in the hollows of old shells of
Pectunculus glycimeris and other bivalves.

Off Portland, 18 to 25 fathoms, Damon.

CTO Y ON?

A.

Acanthinula, x.
aculeata, x., 11.
lamellata, x

Acanthochites, 63.
discrepans, xxiy., 63.
fascicularis, xxiv., 63.

var. gracilis, 63.

Acanthochitida, xxiv.

Achatina, 17.
acicula, 17.

Acicula, 49.
lineata, xix., 49.

Aciculidee, xix., 49.

Aclis, xx.
ascaris, 51.
Gulson@, xx.
supranitida, xx.
unica, xx., 52
Acmea, xxili., 60.
mitra, xxiii.
testudinalis, xxiii., 61.
virginea, xxiii., 60.

Acmeide, xxiii., 60.

Acme, 49.
lineata, 49.
Acton, xii., 28.
tornatilis, xii., 28.

Actzonida, xii., 28.

Adeorbiida, xvii., 42.

Adeorbis, xvit., 42.
subcarinata, xvii., 42.

olidide, 27.

AXolis, 27.
Landsburghi, 27.
papillosa, 27.

Agriolimax, viii.

Akera, xiii., 29,
bullata, xdii. +) 29

INDEX.

Akeride, xiii., 29.

Alexia, xi., 19.
bidentata, 19.
var. alba, 19.
denticulata, 19.
Amalia, viii., 3.
gagates, 3.
var. plumbea, 3.
marginata, 3.
Amauropsis, xix.
Amphidesma.
castaneum, Xxxii.
Amphineura, xxiv., 62.
Amphipeplea, xi., 23.
glutinosa, 23.
Amphisphyra, 28.
hyalina, 28.
Anodonta, 71.
ea, 71.
var. rostrata, 71.

Anaspidea, xiii., 31.

Anatinacea, xxvi.,
XXxXii.
Anatinide, xxvi.,
xxxii., 94.

Ancula, 27.
cristata, 27.
Ancylus, xi.
fluviatilis, 20.
var. albida, 20.
» capuloides, 20.
1» Bibbosa, 20.
lacustris, 20.
oblongus, 20.
Anomia, xxviti., 66.
ephippium, 66.
var. aculeata, 66.
»_ squamula, 66.
patelliformis, 67.
undulata, 67.

XXviii.,

XXVillL,

Anomiide, XXVi., XXVIii.

Aplexa, xi
ypnorum, 26.
Apis er
ybrida, 3,
punctata, xiii, 31.

Aplysiide, 31.
Aporrhaida, xvi., 38.

Aporrhais, xvi.
pes-pelicani, xvi., 38,
Serresianus, xvi.

Aquillidee, xv.

Aquillus, xv.
cutaceus, xv.
nodifer, xv.

pilosa, 64.
Arcacea, xxvii., xxviii.

Arcide, xxvii., xxviii, 64.

Arctica, xxx., xxxii., 76.
islandica, 76

Arcticide, xxx., 76.

Argiope, 96.
capsula, 96.
cistellula, 96.
Arianta, x.
arbustorum, x., 12.
Arion, xii., 4.
ater, 4.
var. albolateralis, 4.
circumscriptus, 4.
var. americanus, 4,
», subalbidus, 4.
hortensis, 4.

Arionide, viii. 4.

Artemis.
exoleta, 85.
lincta, 85.
Assiminea, xviii., 48 (see errata).
Grayana, xviii.
littorina, 48.

Assimineide, xviii.
Astarte, xxx., 76.

sulcata, 76
triangularis, 76.

Astartid, xxvii., xxx., 76.

Auriculide, xi., 19.
Avicula, xxix.

98

Aviculids#, = xxvii.,
xxix., 70.

Axinus, XxXx., XXxil.
Azeca, xi., 18.
tridens, 18.

Balea, xi.
fragilis, 16.
Balia (see errata).
perversa, 16.
Barbatia, xxvili., 64.
lactea, 64.
Barleeia, xviii., 46.
rubra, xviii., "46.
var. unifasciata, 46.
Bithinia, xviii.
Leachii, 47.

ventricosa, xviii.
Bittium, xvi.
reticulatum, xvi., 38.
Bivalves, 64.
Brachiopoda, 96.
Buecinide, xv.
Buccinopsis, xv.
Buccinum, xv., 35.
undatum, 35.
Buliminus, xi
montanus, 14.
obscurus, 13,
var. alba, 13.
Bulimus, 9, 15.
acutus, 9.
montanus, 14.
obscurus, 13.
Bulla.
akera, 29.
expansa, xii.
fontinalis, 25.
globosa, xii.
hydatis, 29.
hypnorum, 26.
patula, 38.
punctuta, 30.
utriculus, xii.
ventricosa, xii,
ventrosa, xii.
Bullza.
punctata, 30.
Bullina, xii.
Bullinella, xii.
cylandracea, x1i.

C.

Cadulus, xxv.
subfusiformis, xxv.
Jeffreysi, xxv.

tentaculata, xviii., 26, 47.

Xxvill.,

Cecide, xvii. 39.

Cecum, xvii.
glabra, xvii., 39.
trachea, xvii., 39.

Callochiton, xxiv.
levis, xxiv., 62.

Calliostoma, xxii.
conulus, xxii.
exasperatum, xxii., 59,
granulatum, xxii., 58.
miliaris, xxu., 58.
millegranus, xxii.
Montagui, xxii., 59.
occidentale, xxii.
striatum, xxii., 59.
zizyphinum, xxii., 58.

Calyptreea, 49
chinensis, 49.

eel etc 49.

Candidula, ix., 9.
caperata, ix., 9.

Capulide, xix., 49.

Capulus, xix., 49.
ungarica, x1x., 49.

Cardiacea, xxvii., xxxi., 82.

Cardiidee, xxvii., xxxi., 82.

Cardium, xxxi.
aculeatum, 82.
echinatum, 82.
edule, 83.
exiguum, 82.
fasciatum, 83.
nodosum, 83.
levigatum, 83.
pygmeum, 82.
rusticum, 82.
norvegicum, 83.
tuberculatum, 82.

- Carychium, xi.
minimum, xi., 19.

Cavoliniidz, xiii.

Cecilioides, 17. «/
acicula, 17.

Cephalopoda, vii., 1.
Cephalaspidea, xii., 28.

Ceratisolen, 92.
legumen, 92.

99

Cerithiide, xvi., 38.

Cerithium.
perversum, 39.
Cerithiopsis, xvi. 39.
Barleei, xvi.
costulata, xvi.
metaxe, xvi.
metula, xvi.
pulchella, XViL.
tubercularis, xx., 39.
Chemnitzia.
elegantissima, 55.
fenestrata, 55.
indistincta, 54.
rufa, 55.
Chenopus, xvi.
Chilotrema.
lapicida, x.
hiton.
albus, 62.
cinereus, 62.
discrepans, 63.
fascicularis, 63.
marginatus, 62.
Chrysodomus.
Turtoni, xv.
Circe, xxxi.
minima, 85.
Circulus, xxi.
Duminyi, xxi.
striatus, xxi.
Clathurella, xiv.
gracilis, 34,
linearis, 34
Pe rpurea, 34.
revelliana, 64.
Clausilia, xi.
bidentata, 16.
laminata, 16.
var. albida, 16.
nigricans, 16.
rugosa, 16.
Rolphii, 17.
Clio, xiii.
ie xiii.
Voc aioe, ix
actta, ix.
barbara, ix., 9.
Cochlicopa, ix.
lubrica, 17.
tridens, 18.
Cochlodesma, xxxii., 94.
reetenuis, 94
Columbella, xv.
Halieeti, xv.

Columbellide, xv.

Conechacea, xxvii.
Conchifera, 64.

Conide, 32.

Conovulus, 19.
bidentatus, 19.
denticulatus, 19.

Conulus, ix.
fulvus, i IX.5. "Be

‘ Corallinia, xv.

Corbula, xxxi., 89.

gibba, 89.
var. rosea, 89.

Crenella, xxix., 70.
costulata, 70.
discors, 70.
marmorata, 69.
rhombea, 70.

Cryptomphalus, x., 12.
aspersa, 12.

Cultellus, xxxi.
pellucidus, 91.

Cuneus, 87.
reticulatus, 87.

Cuspidaria, xxxii.

Cuspidariide, xxvi., xxviii.

XXX.
Cyamium.
minutum, 75.
Cyclas.
cornea, 71,
Cyclostoma, xix.
elegans, 48.
Cyclostrema, xxii., 59.
cancellatum, xxii.
Cutlerianam, 59.
serpuloides, 59.

Cyclostrematide, xxii., 59.

Cylichna, xii.
cylindracea, 28.
truncata, 28.

Cypreide, xvi., 37.

Cyprea.
europea, 37.
var. minor, 37,
pediculus, 37.
Cyprina, xxx., xxxii., 76.
islandica, 76.

Cyprinida, xxvii.

Cyrenide, xxvii., xxix., 71.

100

D.
Decapoda, vii. 1.
Delphinuloidea, xxii.
Dentaliide, xxv., 63.

Dentalium, xxv., 63.
abyssorum, xxv.
elephantinum, xxv.
entalis, xxv.,
striolatum, XXV.
trachea, 39.
Tarentinum, 63. .
vulgare, xxv., 63,

Diaphana. |
minuta, xii.

Dibranchia, xxviii.
Dibranchiata, vii., 1.

Diplodonta, xxx., 75.
rotundata, 75.

Ditremata, xi., 19.
Docoglossa, 60.

Donacida, xxvii., xxx., 76.

Donax, xxx., 76.
anatinus, 76.
politus, 77.
trunculus, 76.
vittatus, 76.

Donovania, xiv., 34.
Mmnuna, X1V~.
minuta, 34.

Doridide, 27.

Doris, 27.
tuberculata, 27.

Dosinia, xxxi., 85.
exoleta, 85,
lincta, 85.

Dreissensiide, xxvii., xxix.
Dreissensia, xxix.

E.

Eledone, vii.

cin" 7 OS, Xi.
Ematginula, xxiil., 60.

fissura, xxiii., 60

reticulata, 60.

rosea, xxili., 60.
Eoplachophora, XXiv., 62,

101

Erato, xvi., 38.
levis, xvi., 38.
Ervilia, xxx., xxxii.

nitens, xxXiL

Erycinacea, xxvii.
Erycinide, xxvii.

Eulamellibranchiata, xxvi.

Eulima, xx., 52.
elegantissima, xx.
incurva, 52
polita, xx., 52.
subulata, 82

Eulimella, xx.
acicula, xx., 55.
scille, xx.

Eulimide, xx, 52.

Euparypha, x
pisana, x., 13.
rhodostoma, x

Eutropia, xxi.

F.
Fasciolariide, xiv.

Filibranchiata, xxviii.

Fissurella, xxiii., 60.
greeca, Xxill., 60.

Fissurellida, xxiii., 60.

Fruticicola, x
concinna, 10.
fusca, 10.
Brenna x., 10.

ispida, x., 9.
revelata, X.
rufescens, x., 10.

Fusus, 35.

antiquus, 35.

G.

Galeomma, xxx., 74.
Turtoni, 74.

Galeommide, xxvii. xxx, 74.

Gastrana, xxx.

Gastrocheena, xxxii.
dubia, 94.
modiolina, 94.

Gastrochenide,
Xxxil, 94.

Gastropoda, viii., 2.

Gehydrophila, xi., 19.

Geomalacus, viii.

Geophila, viii., 2.
Gibbula, xxi.

cineraria, xxi., 57.

magus, xXi., 57.

obliquata, xxi.

tumida, xxi., 57.

umbilicata, xxi., 57.
Graphis, xx.

Gymnogilossa, xx., 52.

H.

Heedropleura, xiv., 33.

septangulare, 33.

Haliotide, xxn.
Haliotis, xxii.
tuberculata, xxil.
Haminea, xiii.
hydatis, xiii, 29.
navicula, xu.
Hanleya, xxiv.
Hanleyi, xxiv.
Helcion, xxiii.
pectinata, Xxili.
pellucidum, 61.
Helicella, ix., 8.
ericetorum, ix., 8.
var. alba, 8

Helicidee, ix., 7.

Helicigona, x
lapicida, x., ail
pomatia, x

Helicodonta, x.
obvoluta, x.

Heliomanes, ix., 8.
variabilis, 8.

var. carinata, 8.
virgata, ix.

XXVil.,

Helix.
aculeata, 11.

alba, 24.
arbustorum, 12.
aspersa, 12.
auricularia, 21.
candidula, ix.
Cantiana, 9.
caperata, ix., 9.
cingenda, 13.
cornea, 20.
concinna, 10.
costata, 11.
depressa, 42.
fontana, 23.
ericetorum, 8.
fossaria, 22.
fulva, 7.
fusca, 10.
hispida, 9, 10.
alice a 12, 13.
lapicida, 11
littorina, 48.
lubrica, 17.
nemoralis, 12.
var. hybrida, 12.
3» major, 12.
5 minor, 12.
nitens, 5.
obscura, 13.
octanfracta, 22.
palustris, 22.
pisana, 13.
planata, 24.
Sion 24.
pulchella, 11.
putris, 18.
putris, 21.
pygmea, 7
adiata, 8,
rotundata, 8. ,
rufescens, 10.
rupestris, 7.
sericea, 10.
spinulosa, 11.
spirorbis, 24,
stagnalis, 21.
subcylindrica, 48.
subulata, 52.
tentaculata, 47.
umbilicata, 7.
virgata, 8.
vivipara, 47.
vortex, 24.
Homalogyra, xvii., 42.
atomus, | xvil. 5 42,
rota, xvii., 42.

Homalogyride, xvii. 42.

9

=

Hydrobia, xviii.
similis, 46.

Hygrophila, xi., 20.

I.

Ianthinide, xx.

Janthinide, xx.
nitens, xx.
rotundata, xx.

Illex, viii.
Coindetii, viii.

Ischnochitonide, xxiv.
Isocardia, xxx.

Jeffreysia, xvii.
diaphana, xvil.
globularis, xvit.
opalina, xvii.

Jeffreysiide, xvii.

K.
Kellia, xxix., 73.

nitida, 74.
suborbicularis, 73.
rubra, 73.

Kelliida, xxix., 73.
Kelliellide, xxvii., xxx., 7.
Kellyellide, xxvii. (bis.)

L.

Lachesis, xiv., 34.
minima, 34.

Lacuna, xvii., 41.
crassior, xvil., 41.
divaricata, xvii. wy Ala
pallidula, xvii., 41.
puteolus, xvii., 41.
vincta, 41

Levicardium, xxxi., 83.
norvegicum, 83.

Lamellarida, xix., 50.

Lamellaria, xix,, 50.
haliotidea, xix., 50
perspicua, 50.
membranaceus, xix,
tentaculata, 50.

Lamellibranchiata, 64.

Lascea, xxix., 73
rubra, 73.

Leda, xxviii., 65.
minuta, 65.

Lepetidee, xxiii.

Lepeta, xxiii.
ceca, xxiii,

Lepidopleuride, xxiv.

Lepidopleura, xxiv.
cajetanus, xxiv.
cancellatus, xxiv.
cinereus, xxiv.
scabridus, xxiv.
onyx, xxiv.

Lepton, xxix.

larkie, 74.
nitidum, 74.

var. convexa, 74,
squamosum, 73.

Lima, xxix.
Loscombii, 68.

Limacids, viii., 3.

Limacinida, xiii.
Limacina, xiii.
retroversa, xiii.
Limax, viii.
agrestis, 3.
arborum, 4.
brunneus, 4.
flavus, 3.
gagates, 3.
marginatus, 3.
maximus, 4.
Limea, xxix.

Limide, xxvi., xxviii., xxix.

Limnexide, xi.

Limnea, xi., 21.
auricularia, 21.
var. acuta, 21.
glabra, 22.
glutinosa, 23, 26.
palustris, 22
var. inate 22.
eregra,
y ie labiosa, 21.
» succineformis, 21.
truncatula, 22.
var. minor, 22.
stagnalis, 21, 26.

103

Limopsis, xxviii.
Liomesus, xv.
Dalei, xv.
Limopsis, xxviii.
Littorina, xvii., 40.
littoralis, 41.
littorea,, xvii., 40.
neritoides, xvii., 40.
rudis, xvii., 40.
var. patula, 40.
»» tenebrosa, 49,
obtusata, xvii., 41,

Littorinide, xvii., 40.
Loligide, viii.

Loligo, viii.
media, viii.
Forbesii, viii.

Loripes, xxx., 78.
lacteus, 78.

Lucina, xxx., 78.
borealis, 78.
leucoma, 78,

Lucinida, xxvii., xxvili., xxx.,
78.

Lucinopsis, xxxi., 86.
undata, 86.

Lutraria, xxx., 81.
oblonga, 81.
elliptica, 82.

Lutrariida, xxvii.

Lyonsia, xxxii., 95.
norvegica, 95

Lyonsiide,
XXXil, 95.

XXVi., | XXvVill.,

M.

Mactra, xxx., 77.
Boysii, 81
Pa deg 78.
Listeri, 80.
lutraria, 82,
solida, 78.
var. elliptica, 78.
», truncata, 77.
stultorum, 77.
subtruncata, 77.
var. striata, 77.

Mactrida, xxvii., xxx., 77.

Mangelia, 34.
linearis, 54.
nebula, 32.

urpurea, 34,
'revelliana, 34.

Mangilia, xiv.
attenuata, 32.
brachystoma, 32.
costata, 33.
levigata, 33.

var. minor, 33.
nebula, xiv., 32.
rufa, 35.
striolata, 32.
turricula, 33.

Marginella, 38.
levis, 38.

Marsenia, xix.

Meretrix, xxx.

Mesodesmatia, xxvii., xxx.

Mesoplacophora, xxiv.

Modiola, xxix.
adriatica, 69.
barbata, 69.
modiolus, 69.
phaseolina, 69.
rhombea, 70.
tulipa, 69.

Modiolaria, xxix., 69.
costulata, 70.
discors, 70.
marmorata, 69.

Modiolopsidx, xxvii.

Molluscoida, 96.

Monodonta, xxi., 56.
labio, xxi.
lineata, xxi., 56.
Monotremata, viii., 2.
Montacuta, xxix., 74.
ferruginea, 74.
bidentata, 74.
substriata, 74.
Murex.
aciculatus, 37.
costatus, 53.
coralinus, 37.
erinaceus, 37.
gracilis, 34.
reticulatum, 38.
tubercularis, 39.

104

Muricide, xv., 37.

Mya, xxxi.
declivis, 94.
pictorum, 71.
preetenuis, 94.

Myacea, xxvii., xxxi.
Myide, xxvii., xxxi.
Mytilacea, xxvii., xxix,
Mytilide,
xxix., 68.

Mytilus, xxix., 68.
cygneus, 71.
discors, 69.
edulis, 68.

var. pellucida, 68.
rugosus, 90.

Xxvil., XXvVill.,

N.

Nassa, xv., 36.
incrassata, Xv. 36.
pygmea, xv., 56.
PF aeilate, XV. 56.

Nasside, xv., 36.

Natica, xix.
monolifera, 50.
Montagui, 51.

Naticide, xv., 50.

Naticina, xix.
Alderi, 51.
catena, 50.
Montacuti, 51.

Neptunea, xiv.
antiqua, Xiv.

Nerita, 41.
pallidula, 41.

Neritide, xxi., 56.

Neritina, xxi., 56.
fluviatilis, 56.
Neritoides, xvii., 41.
obtusata, 41.
Notaspidea, xiii.
Nucula, 65.
nitida, 65.
nucleus, 65.
var. radiata, 65.

Nuculidear, xxvii., xxviii., 65.
Nudibranchiata, xii., 27.

oO.

Ocinebra, xv., 37.
aciculata, xv., 37.
erinacea, xv., 37.

Octopoda, vii.

Octopodide, vii.

Octopus, vii.
vulgaris, vii.

Odostomia, xx., 52.
acuta, 53.
conoidea, 53.
cylindrica, 53.
decussata, 54,
diaphana, 54.
eulimoides, 53.
insculpta, 54.
Lukisi, 52.
nivosa, 53.
obliqua, 54.
pallida, 53,
plicata, 54.
spiralis, 55.
turrita, 53.
unidentata 53 (bis).

Onchidiide, xi.
Onchidiella, xi.
Opisthobranchiata, xii., 27.

Ostracea, xxvi., xxviii.

Ostrea, xxviii., 66.

edulis, 66

var. hippopus, 66.
maxima, 68.
opercularis, 67.
sinuosa, 67.

var. lineatus, 67.

», Audouinii, 67.

varia, 67.

Ostreidsx, xxvi., xxviii, 66.

Otinidee, xi., 20.

Ottna, xi., 20.
otis, xi, 20

Ovula, xvi, 38.
patula, xvi., 38,

P.

Paludestrinide, xviii.

Paludestrina, xviii., 46.
similis, 46,

rostrata, 95.

Pandoride,
XXxi., 95.

XXVi, -XXviil.,

Patella, xxiii.
athletica, 61.
fluviatilis, 20.
greca, 60.
lacustria, 20.
oblonga, 20.
pellucida, 61.
testudinalis, 61.
vulgata, xxiii., 61.

var. depressa, 61.

Patellide, xxiii., 61.

Patina, xxiii., 61.
cerulea, xxiii.
pellucida, xxiii., 61.

var. levis, 61

Pecten, xxix., 67.
maximus, 68.
opercularis, 67.

var. Audoninii, 67.
> linearis
pusio, 67.
trigrinus, 68,
varius, 67.

Pectinibranchiata, xiv., 32.
Pectinacea, xxvi., xxix.

Pectinids, xxvi., xxix., 67.

Pectunculus, xxviii.
glycimeris, 64,

Pelecypoda, xxv., xxvi., 64.

Pharus, xxxi., 92.
legumen, 92.

Phasianella, xxi., 56.
bulimoides, xx1.
pulla, xxi., 56.

Philenc, 30.
aperta, xiii., 30.
catena, 30
punctata, xiii., 30.
scrabra, 30.

Philinide, xiii, 30.
Pholadacea, xxvii., xxxi.

Pholadidea, xxxi., 93.
papyracea, 93.

Pholadida, xxxi., 92.

Pholas, xxxi., 92.

candida, 92.

crispata, 93.

dactylus, 92.

hians, 92.

parva, 92.

var. quadrangula, 92.

Physa, xi., 25.

fontinalis, 25, 26.

Physide, xi., 25

Pilidium, xxiii.
fulvum, xxiti.
Pinna, xxix., 70
pectinata, 70.
rudis, 70.
Pisidum, xxix., 72.
amnicum, 72.
fontanile, 72.
var. Henslowiana, 72.
»» pulchella, 72.
», cinerea, 72.
nitidum, 72.
roseum, 72.
Planorbis, xi., 23.
albus, 24.
carinatus, 24.
complanatus, 24,
contortus, 23
corneus. 25.
glaber, 25.
glabra, 25.
marginatus, 24.
nautileus 23.
nitidus, 23.
parvus, 25.
spirorbis, 24.
vortex, 24.

106

Pleurobranchide, xiii. 31.

Pleurobranchus, xiii., 31.
membranaceus, 31.
Peroni, xiii.
plumula, xvii., 31.

var. alba, 31
tuberculatus, xi., 31.

Pleurotomariide, xxii.

Polita, ix., 5.
alliaria, ix., 5.
cellaria, 5,
Drapernaudi, ix.
glabra, ix,
nitidula, ix., 6.
pura, ix., 5.
radiatula, i ix., 6.

Polyplachophora, xxiv., 52.

Pomatias, xix., 48.
elegans, xix., 48.
Pomatiaside, xix., 48.

Poromya, xxxii.
Poromyacea, xxxii.

Poromyids, xxvi., xxxii.

Propilidium, xxiii.
ancyloide, xxili.

Prosobranchiata, xiv.,
XXvlii, 32.

Psammobia, xxxi., 88.
costulata, 88.
Ferréensis, 88.

telinella, 38.
vespertina, 88.

Psammobiide, xxvii, xxxi.,

Ptenoglossa, xx., 51.
Ptychina, xxx., 75.

flexuosa, 75.
Pulmonata, viii., 2.

Punctum, ix.
minutissimum, ix.
pygmaeum, ix., 7.

Puncturella, xxiii.
noachina, xxiii.

Pupa, xi.
pirvithag 15.
edentula, 1
marginsta, v4.
muscorum, 14,

var. bigranata, 14.
pygmaea, 15,
pusilla, 15.
secale, 14.
umbilicata, 14.

Pupids, xi., 13.
Purpura, 36.
lapillus, 36.

Purpurida, 36.

Pyramidellide, xx., 52.

Pyramidula, ix.
rotundata, ix., 8.
rupestris, ix., Va

R.

Rachiglossa, xiv.

Retusa, xii.

hyalina, 28.

mammnillata, xii.

nitidula, xii.

obtusa, xii., 28.

truncatula, xii., 28.
var. pellucida, 28.

umbilicata, xii

Rhipidoglossa, 56.

Rissoa.
anatina, 46.
crenulata, 43.
labiosa, 44.
rubra, 46.

var. unifasciata, 46.

rufilabrum, 44.
ulve, 46.

10

~

Rissoia, xviii., 42.
cancellata, 43.
cingillus, 45.

var. rupestris, 45.
costata, 43.
costulata, 44.
fulgida, 45.

var. pallida, 45.
inconspicua, 43.
membranacea, 44,

var. minor, 44
parva, 43.
semistriata, 45.
striata, 44.
striatula, 42.
subcylindricata, 45.
ventricosa, XVill.
violacea, 44,

Rissoiide, xviii.

Rossia, vii.
glaucopis, vii.
macrosoma, vii.
Oweni, vii.

Roxania, xii.
utriculus, xii.

Runcina, xiii., 31.
coronata, 31.
Hancocki, xiii., 31.

Runcinide, xiii., 31.

8.

Saxicava, xxxi.
rugosa, 90.

Saxicavide, xxxi., 90.

Scala, xx.
clathratula, 51.
clathrus, xx.
communis, 51.
Turtonis, 51.

Scalide, xx., 51.

Scaphander, xii., 29.
lignarius, xii., "29.

Scaphandride, xii., 29.

Scaphopoda, xxv.

Scissurella, xxii.
costata, xxii.
crispata, xxii.

Scrobicularia, xxx., 80.
piperita, 80.
prismatica, 80.
tenuis, 81.

Serobiculariids, xxvii.
XXviil., xxx., 80.

Seutibranchiata, xxi., 56.

Sepia, vii., 1.
elegans, vii.
officinalis, vii.
Rupellaria, vii.

Sepiide, vii., 1.

Sepiola, vii.
Atlantica, vii
Rondeleti, vii.

Sepiolida, vii.

Siphodentalium, xxv.
lofotense, Xxv.

Skenea, xvii., 42.
depressa, xvii.
divisa, 59.
nitidissima, 42.
planorbis, xvii., 42.
rota, 42

Skeneiidee, xvii., 42.

Solecurtus, xxxi.
antiquatus, 90.
ensis, 91.
marginatus, 91.
pellucidus, 91.
siliqua, 91.
vagina, 91.

Solenide, xxvii., xxxi., 90.

Spherium, xxix., 71.
corneum, 71.
lacustre, 71.

Stenogyrida, xi., 17.

Strombus, 38.
pes-pelicani, 38.

Stylifer, xx.
stylifer, xx.
Turtoni, xx.

Stylina, xx.

108

Submytilacea, xxix.

Succinea, xi., 18.
elegans, 18.
oblonga, 18.
putris, 18.

Succineide, xi., 18.

Syndosmya, xxx., 80.
alba,
intermedia, 81.
nitida, 81.
prismatica, 80.
tenuis, 81.

Tachea, x., 12.
hortensis, x., 13.
nemoralis, x., 12.

var. hybrida, 12.
» major, 12.
»» wainor, 12.

Teenioglossa, xv., 38.

Tapes, xxxi., 86.
aureus, 86,
decussata, 87.
pullastra, 87.

var. purpurea, 87.
virginea, 86.

Tectibranchiata, xii.

Tellina, xxx., 79.
balthica, 79.
crassa, 79.
donacina, 80.
depressa, 80.
fabula, 79.
incarnata, 80.
rotundata, 75.
solidula, 79.
squalida, 80.

tenuis, 79.
Tellinacea, xxvii.,
XXX.
Tellinide, xxviii, xxx., 79.

Terebratulide, 96.

XXViii.,

Teredinids, xxxii., 93.

Teredo, xxxii.
megotara, 93.
navalis, 93.
norvegica, 93.

Testacella, viii., 2.
Sear 2.
Maugei, 2.

Testacellida, viii., 2.

Tectibranchiata, xxvi.
Theba, x., 9.
Cantiana, x., 9.
carthusiana, x
Thecacera, 27,
pennigera, 27.
Thracia, xxxii.
convexa, 94,
distorta, 95.
papyracea, 94.
phaseoclina, 94.
pubescens, 94.
Todarodes, viii.
sagittatus, viii.
Tonicella, xxiv.
marmorea, xxiv.
ruber, xxiv.

Tornatinida, xii., 28.

Tornatella, 28.
fasciata, 28.

Toxoglossa, xiv., 92.

Trachydermon, xxiv., 62.
albus, xxiv.
cinereus, xxiv., 62.
marginatus, xxiv.

Trichotropide, xvi.

Trichotropis, xvi.
borealis, xvi.
Triforis, xvi., 38.
perversus, xvi., 38.
plicatus, xvi.
Triopa, 27.
clavigera, 27.
Triton, xv.
Tritonofusus, xiv.
fenestratus, xiv.
racilis, xiv.
effreysianus. xiv.
islandicus, xiv.
propinquus, xiv.
Trivia, xvi.
europea, xvi., 37.

109

Trochide, xxi. 56.

Trochus, xxi.
erythroleucos, 59.
exiguus, 59.

nulatus, 58.

ineatus, 57.
magus, 57.

egranus, 58.

Montacuti, 59.
Montagui, 59.
papillosus, 58.
striatus, 59.
tumidus, 57.
umbilicatus, 57.
su pats 58.

Trophon, xv.
barvicense, xv.
Gerversianum, xv.
magellanicum, xv.
muricatum, xv.
truncatum, xv.

Troschelia.
Berniciensis, xiv.

Truncatella, xviii.
costulata, xviii.
laevigata, xviii.
Montagui, 48.
subcylindrica, xviii., 48.
truncatula, xviii.

Tubiola, xxii.

Turbinide, xxi., 56.
Turbo.
costata, 43.
fontinalis. 47.
insculpta, 54.
juniperi, 14.
laminatus, 16.
lineatus, 56.
muscorum, 14.
nautileus, 23.
perversa, 16.
pullus, 56.
terebra, 39.
tridens, 18.
Turbonilla, xx., 54.
fenestrata, 55.
indistincta, 54.
Jactea, xx., 59.
rufa, 55.
spiralis, 55.
plicatula, xx.
Turritella, xvi., 59.
communis, 39.
terebra, xvi.

Turritellide, xvi., 39.

Turtonia, xxx., 75.
minuta, 75.

Truncatellida, xviii., 48.

Unio, xxix., 71.
pictorum, 71.

Unionidae, xxvii., xxix., 71.

Ungulinide, xxvii., xxx., 75.

Utriculus, 28. X¢/
truncatulus, 28.

Vv.

Vallonia, x., 11.
costata, x., 11.
pulchella, x., 11.

Valvata.
piscinalis, 47.
cristata, xviii., 48,

Valvatidee, xvii., 47.

Valvatella, xxii.
amabilis, xxii.
cincta, xxii.
glauca, xxii.
groenlandica, xxii.
helicina, xxi.
olivacea, xxil,
undulata, xxii.

Velutina, xix., 50.
levigata, xix., 50.

Veneracea, xxxi., 84.

Venerida, xxvii,, xxxi,,

Venus, xxxi., 84.
aurea, 86.
casina, 84, 85.
exoleta, 85.
fasciata, 84.
gallina, 85.
islandica, 76.
ovata, 84.
striatula, 85.
verrucosa, 84.

84,

110

Venerupis, xxxi., 87.
Trus, 87.

Vertigo, xi., 15.
antivertigo, 15.
edentula, 15.
minutissima, 16.
pusilla, 15.
pygmea, 15.

var. es 15.

Vitrea, viii.,
crystallina, vii. 53a

Vitrina, viii., 3.
pellucida, 3.

Vitrinide, viii., 3.
Viviparida, xviii., 47.

Viviparus, xviii., 47.
contecta, 47.
Voluta, 28.
tornatilis, 28.
Volvulella, xii.
acuminata, xii.
Volvula, xii.
Volwulus, xii.

X.
Xylophaga, xxxi.

Z.

Zonites, viii
alliarius, 5.
cellarius, 5.
crystallinus, 5.
excavatus, 6.
nitidulus, 6.
nitidus, 6.
purus, 5.
radiatulus, 6.

Zonitide, viii., 5.

Zonitoides, ix., 6.
excavata, ix., 6.
nitida, ix., 6.

Zua, 17.
lubrica, 17.

—rZ, a

ERRATA.

Page line Sor read
4 land 13 top Chanteraux Chantereaux.
5 66 1853 1833.
8 13 specimen specimens.
9 17 Abundance Abundant.
11 24 and 25 transpose lines.
14° «5 add 1801.
15 5 bottom omit Pupa pusilla.
16 8 top Balia, Prid. Balea (Prid), Gray, 1821.
19 bidentatus bidentata.
18 17 places plants.
19 6 bottom omit Fleet.
4 Rissoa Paludinella.
21 1 top Lam. Lam., 1801.
2 Mill (Drap).
3 613 f. 13.
23 «2 glutinosus glutinosa,
5 it itself.
12 bottom Liddon river Liddon.
24 5 top Mill L.
2 bottom omit ‘river.’
25 17 top glabra glaber.
26 15 omit Physa hypnorum.
23° ¢«9 Retusa add Brown, 1827.
6 bottom Raised beach add Portland.
30 2 top Ascanias Ascanius.
31 9 and 10 between these lines insert Notaspidea (and in
Index, p. 104, three lines from bottom).
33° 13 bottom omit this line.
35 8 «top antiquus antiqua.
1 and 2, bottom transpose.
43 1,14 top R. Rissoa.
45 3 bottom subcylindricata Subcylindrata (bracket the whole
paragraph).
48 5 top add Assiminea littorina.
67 22 Audouinii Andoninii.

104 21 Mesodesmatie Mesodesmatidie.