Cornell Mniversity Library BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME | FROM THE SAGE EN PE Te la QIN ID menry Ww. olin, ovel 'y Library Ss a 2 oO = = =) = = = ° (S) © f-2) (--) - o © = w r cr SG Report of the Second Norwegian Arctic ex 3 1924 012 281 063 vl Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924012281063 REPORT OF THE SECOND NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE “FRAM” 1898 —1902 VOL. I AT THE EXPENSE OF THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN FUND FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY VIDENSKABS-SELSKABET I KRISTIANIA OOO KRISTIANIA IN COMMISSION BY T. 0. BROGGER PRINTED BY A. W. BROGGER 1907 e REPORT OF THE SECOND NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE “FRAM” 1898—1902 VOL. I AT THE EXPENSE OF THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN FUND FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY VIDENSKABS-SELSKABET I KRISTIANIA KRISTIANIA IN COMMISSION BY T.0. BROGGER PRINTED BY A. W. BROGGER 1907 PREFACE. Lhe Report, of which this is the first volume, will, in a series of treatises, give the scientific results of the Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the ‘Fram’ 1898—1902, under the command of Capt. Orro SVERDRUP. For this Expedition the Norwegian Government lent the above-men- tioned vessel, which is specially constructed for and adapted to Arctic exploring, and which, on the First Expedition 1893—1896 under the leadership of Friptsor Nansen, proved to possess such excellent qualities. The Storthing granted the sum of 20000 Kroner for requisite repairs to the ship and for alterations that were found necessary in her super- structure. All other expenses, reaching an aggregate sum of 216 250 Kroner, were generously defrayed by three gentlemen interested in Arctic explo- ration, viz: Consul AxeL Herserc and the brothers, Messrs Amunp and Etter Rinenes, brewers of this city; the same three men, whose generous support rendered possible the first Arctic expedition in the ‘Fram’, Among the members of the Expedition worthy of special notice are those that have procured the scientific material that will be dealt with in this Report, viz: Lieut. (now Captain) Vicror Baumann, R. N. (second in command), Lieut. (now Captain of Cavalry) Gunnar IsacHsEN (geo- grapher and cartographer), Mr. Per Scuet, assistant in the Mineralogical Institute, Christiania (geologist and paleontologist), Mr. Herman Gore Simmons of the Lund University (botanist) and Mr. Epwarp Bay, of the Copenhagen University (zoologist). As will appear from the various treatises, several of these scientists took part in other investigations than those appertaining to their special branches. # On 24t» June 1899 the Expedition left Christiania, and already in August the same year were able to commence the scientific exploration TER |) ee of the Foulkefjord, on the west coast of Greenland (78° 20’N. lat.). On the 17% August, however, the ‘Fram’ off Cape Sabine, was stopped in her progress by the ice and the Expedition therefore went into winter- quarters in Rice Strait. The autumn was passed in making sledge- excursions on the inland ice of Ellesmere Land and in mapping out and exploring the inner branches of Hayes Sound. In the spring of 1899 two sledge-excursions were undertaken across Ellesmere Land to the west coast, and the mapping out of Hayes Sound was completed. The summer, however, proved so unfavourable that it was impossible to ad- vance in a more northerly direction. Capt. Sverprup therefore decided to force his way through Jones Sound and to go into winter-quarters with the ‘Fram’ in Havnefjord, to the south of Ellesmere Land, where sur- veying and scientific research were continued until 16" November. In 1900, from the beginning of February until the middle of June, sledge-excursions were undertaken from the winter-quarters in a northerly direction (81° n. lat.) and towards the west (98° w. long.) and as soon as the ice broke up, dredging commenced. In August the ‘Fram’ was able to steam westward through Jones Sound to Belcher Channel and through the Cardigan Straits, whereupon the ship went into winter-quar- ters in Gaasefjord (76° 48’ n. lat., 89° w. long.). In the middle of March 1901 sledge-excursions were recommenced and were continued until the middle of June, the land being explored and mapped out up to 79°30’ n. lat., and 106° w. long. From 24 of June until 19* July, dredging was carried on in Jones Sound, from which latter date until the ensuing 7** Aug., North Devon, to the south of the winter-quarters, was explored. On account of ice obstruction, the ‘Fram’ could not advance far, but had to go into win- ter-quarters at no great distance from those of the previous year. In the spring of 1902 the land was explored up to 81°37’ n. lat. as also Elles- mere Land and North Devon. During the summer, dredgings were undertaken in Jones Sound and neighbouring waters. On 6% Aug. 1902 the Expedition left Jones Sound, touched at God- havn, Greenland on 17% Aug. and returned to Norway on the 19* Sept. 1902. The Expedition had explored and mapped out vast tracts of land hitherto unknown and brought home excellent scientific material based on a series of meteorological observations, together with abundant botani- cal, zoological, paleontological, mineralogical and geological collections and some magnetic observations. a Was The botanical collections made by Mr. H. G. Simmons and the geological and paleontological collections made by Mr. P. Scuer prove to be of vast scientific value. On the return to Norway, the leader of the Expedition, Capt. Orro Sverprup, under the title “New Land, Four Years in the Polar Regions,“ published a popular narrative of the doings of the Expedition, which book has been translated into several languages. The Society of Arts and Sciences of Christiania, has undertaken the revision of the material, the pecuniary means with great liberality being provided by the trustees of the Fridtjof Nansen Fund for the Advancement of Science As Editing Committee, the Society of Arts and Science elected Prof. Dr. W. C. Breccer, Prof. Dr. R. Cotterr, Prof. Dr. G. Guppere, Prof. Dr. H. Moun, and Prof. Dr. N. Witte, and these gentlemen appointed as Managing Editor the energetic geologist of the Expedition Mr. P. Scuet. Mr. Scuer succeeded in inducing a number of eminent specialists in various countries to join in the work, and the treatises began to appear in print; he, however, was seized with a severe illness and after long suffering the promising career of this amiable and _ talented scientist came a close on 1* Nov. 1905. The Editing Committee then entrusted to their fellow member of Committee, Professor Witte, the publication of the remaining sections of the scientific results of the Expedition. The Report of the Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the Fram 1898—1902 will be published in numbers or parts, at indefinite periods, containing a series of special treatises in the order in which they are made ready for the press. The first volume contains the following treatises: No. 1. A. G. Natuorst, Die oberdevonische Flora des Ellesmere-Lands. — 9. H. G. Simmons, The Vascular Plants in the Flora of Ellesmere Land. — 8. Emer. Stranp, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Araneae. — 4, H. Moun, Meteorology. The second volume contains the following treatises: No. 5. Gunnar Isacusen, Astronomical and Geodetical Observations. — 6. Axsex S. Sreen, Terrestrial Magnetism. — 7. E. Kirti, Die Triasfossilien vom Heureka Sund. VT = O. Norneaarp, Bryozoa. KE. Rostrup. Fungi. Einar Wantaren, Collembola. . N. Brynn, Bryophyta. Christiania April 1907. W. C. Brogger. H. Mohn. R. Collett. G. Guldberg. N. Wille. No. CONTENTS OF VOL. lI. Preface. . . . . ; LS ots 4 6g ae «AIL VI A. G. Natuorst: Die oberdevonische Flora des Elles- mere-Landes. Mit 7 Tafeln und 7 Figuren im Texte. (Printed August 1904) . Bir nee RE RE SEL Se ode yo Re Gu ke LED H. G. Smmons: The Vascular Plants in the Flora of Ellesmere-Land. With 10 plates, 5 figures and one map in the text (Printed May 1906), 2. 2. 2... 1 2. ee ee ee Emer. STRAND: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera und Araneae. (Printed Januar 1905) . H. Monn: Meteorology. (Printed May 1907). 1— 22 1—197 1-— 30 1—399 DIE OBERDEVONISCHE FLORA DES ELLESMERE-LANDES (MIT 7 TAFELN UND 4 FIGUREN IM TEXTE) AT THE EXPENCE OF THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN FUND FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY VIDENSKABS-SELSKABET I KRISTIANIA (THE SOCIETY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES OF KRISTIANTA) oy LAWN KRISTIANIA PRINTED BY A. W. BROGGER 1904 Einleitung. ‘Von den Sammlungen, die von der zweiten norwegischen Polarexpe- dition an Bord der Fram“, unter Leitung des Kapitans Orro Sverprup, zusammengebracht wurden, nehmen die geologischen und _paldontolo- gischen einen hervorragenden Platz ein. In denselben kommen auch Pflanzenfossilien vor, und als ich im September 1902 Kristiania besuchte, um Kapitan Sverprup und seine Begleiter bei der Riickkehr von ibrer kihnen und erfolgreichen Fahrt zu begriissen, fragte mich Professor W. C. Broccer, ob ich geneigt wire, die betreffenden Fossilien zu unter- suchen und zu beschreiben. Ich wollte selbstverstandlich einige derselben sehen, bevor ich eine definitive Antwort gab; und es gelang Herrn Kan- didat P. Scuer, dessen unermidlicher Energie wir das Zusammenbringen der geologischen und paldontologischen Sammlungen verdanken, einige Kisten aus dem Lastraum der ,,Fram“ hervorzuholen und zu éffnen. An einigen Sticken, die nun zum Vorschein kamen, glaubte ich Abdriicke von Archaeopteris Archetypus Schmalh. oder von einer damit nahe ver- wandten Art zu erkennen, und sprach deshalb schon damals die Mei- nung aus, dass es sich um oberdevonische Pflanzenfossilien handele. Da ich kurz vorher die Beschreibung der oberdevonischen Flora der Baren-Insel vollendet hatte’, war ich selbstverstaindlich sehr gespannt zu erfahren, wie die entsprechende Flora von Ellesmere-Land zusammen- gesetzt sein kénnte, und ich konnte deshalb nicht umhin, die Ausfihrung der erwiinschten Beschreibung der Pflanzenfossilien zu versprechen. Ich wurde allerdings etwas erschrocken, als ich kurz darauf 20 Kisten, deren Gesamtgewicht etwa 1200 Kilogramm betrug, aus Kristiania empfing. Diese Sendung enthielt allerdings auch andere Sammlungen von Pflanzen- fossilien als die oberdevonischen, naimlich Tertiirpflanzen teils aus der 1 A, G. Narnorst, Zur oberdevonischen Flora der Baren-Insel. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akademiens Handlingar, Bd. 36, No. 3. Stockholm 1902. 1 4, A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC, EXP. FRAM Insel Disco, teils auch aus Ellesmere-Land; letztere bieten wegen ihres guten Erhaltungszustandes ein ganz besonderes Interesse. Es ist mir nimlich gelungen, die blatttragenden Zweige von Sequoia Langsdorfit u. s. w. aus dem pflanzenfithrenden Gestein (kohligen Thon) heraus- zuschlammen, so dass man dieselben ebenso gut wie Herbar-Exemplare rezenter Pflanzen untersuchen kann. Obschon also die Sendung nicht ausschliesslich devonische Pflanzen- fossilien enthielt, waren diesen doch zahlreich genug, da sie nicht weniger als 16 Kisten fillten. Die Zahl der Arten zeigte sich allerdings gering, Herr Scuer hat aber den ganz richtigen Weg eingeschlagen, da er, eben weil er nicht selbst Fachmann auf diesem Gebiete war, so viel wie moglich mitgenommen hat. Diesem Umstand haben wir es zu ver- danken, dass, trotz der Einformigkeit dieser Flora, doch interessante Exemplare zum Vorschein gekommen sind, die unsere bisherige Er- fahrung in einigen Fallen erweitern. A. E. Norpenskiéip hat seiner Zeit auf ahnliche Weise gesammelt und dabei viele sehr bemerkens- werte Funde gemacht, die spater bei der Bearbeitung der Materialien seitens OswaLp Heers zum Vorschein kamen und von ihm beschrieben wurden. Das Vorkommen der Pflanzenfossilien. Uber das Vorkommen der devonischen Pflanzen in Ellesmere-Land hat mir Herr Scuer folgende Mitteilung gemacht. »Die Gebirge mit schwacher Boschung, die das Innere des Gianse- fjords (Gaasefjorden) umgeben, sind grésstenteils von Sandsteinen auf- gebaut, die aber nur selten in den Steilabhangen und in den Flussbetten blossgelegt und zuginglich sind. An einigen dieser Lokalitaten habe ich Fossilien gefunden, und zwar an den Stellen, die an umstehender Kartenskizze Fig. 2 mit 1, 2, 3, 4 und 5 bezeichnet sind. »Der Sandstein, dessen Machtigkeit wenigstens 600—700 Meter be- tragt, hat ein flaches Fallen gegen NNW. Etwas siidlich des auf der Kar- tenskizze (Fig. 2) dargestellten Gebiels und nach der Miindung des Fjordes hin ruht er mit konkordanter Lagerung auf eine Reihe von Kalksteinen und Schiefern, die ziemlich reich an Tierfossilien sind. Nach der Be- stimmung Dr. Jonan Krers kiindigen diese Fossilien einen hohen mittel- devonischen oder sogar oberdevonischen Horizont an. 1 A. G. Nataorst, Sverdrups polarexpedition 1898—1902. Ymer 1902, p. 533, Fussnote. Geological Sketch Man ied of “7 ELLESMERE « HEIBERG 14% ete. Drawn by S hee : \ as Lally endon Fy, 5 Zz Me 8OZ0' roe eo TT Tertiary Re NORTH DEVON 19 % 8 Fig. 1. Geologische Kartenskizze der Ellesmere- und Heiberg-Inseln. 6 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM Konglomerate sind klein und bestehen aus Quarz, éfters auch aus Thon- eisenstein. »An der auf der Kartenskizze mit 5 bezeichneten Lokalitat und tiber der mittleren Héhe des Sandsteinprofils im inneren Teil des Gansefjords kommt ein konglomeratartiger Sandstein vor, der eine Menge von schlecht erhaltenen Lamellibranchiaten — vielleicht Modiola angusta — neben haufigen Resten von Holoptychius und Coccosteus und dazu noch un- bestimmbare Zweigabdriicke enthalt. , Weiter gegen das innere Ende des Fjordes ist ein zugingliches Profil an zwei Bachfurchen blossgelegt. Die siidlichste derselben ist auf der Kartenskizze mit 1 bezeichnet. So weit man aus dem Fallen der Schichten — das Gebiet zwischen den beiden Lokalitiiten ist von Schutt bedeckt — schliessen kann, gehért die Fundstatte 3 zu demselben Ni- veau wie 1. »Die Fundstatte 2 liegt unmittel- bar tber dem Profil bei 1. »Dieses Profil zeigt zu unterst einen feinkérnigen, weissen Quarz- sandstein (A auf der Profilskizze Fig. 4), der von einer mergel- artigen Thonmasse hbedeckt wird. Dann folgen zwei Banke von hellem Quarzsandstein, die durch unreinere Sandsteine und z. T. auch durch dunkle, sandige und glimmerreiche Schiefer von einander getrennt sind. Die Machtigkeit dieser Partie (B auf der Skizze) dirfte etwa 40 Meter betragen. Nun folgt eine Schichtenreihe, die hauptsichlich von reinen, hellen Quarzsandsteinen, jedoch auch von diinnen, gewoéholich nur wenige Centimeter machtigen, sandigen Schiefern und ausserdem von verein- zelten Konglomeratschichten aufgebaut ist. Diese Konglomerate sind den vorher erwaéhnten im untersten Teil des Sandsteins ahnlich und sind ebenfalls von kleinen Quarz- oder Thoneisensteingerdllen zusammen- gesetzt. »Diese Schichtenreihe, deren Gesamtmichtigkeit etwa 50 Meter be- tragt, wird von einer dhnlichen etwa ‘0,2 Meter machtigen Konglomerat- Fig. 2. Fossilfundstatten im innersten Teile des Gansefjordes. 1898-1902. No.1.] DIE OBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. v schicht abgeschlossen und von einer etwa 2—3 Centimeter miachtigen Schicht von gliinzenden anthracitartigen Steinkohlen bedeckt. Diinne Streifen ahnlicher Kohlen kommen tbrigens an mehreren Stellen der beschriebenen Schichtenreihe vor. »Nun folgt, tiber der erwihnten Kohlenschicht, eine etwa 15 Meter miichtige Bank von hellem Quarzsandstein, in deren unterem Teil nuss- P. Schei eats Fig. 3. Rechts: Schlucht mit Fossilfundstitte 1, Giinsefjord. und eigrosse Konkretionen in Reihen geordnet sind und grade da, wo sich der Bach zu einem Wasserfall anstaut, aus der senkrechten Steil- wand des Sandsteins hervortreten. »Hoher oben ist alles vom Schutt bedeckt. ,Etwa in der Mitte der Schichtenreihe kam in der stidlichen Wand des Profils, bei C, unmittelhar unter einer Bank von Sandstein eine lenticulare, seitwirts auskeilende, schwarze Schieferpartie vor. Die Lange derselben betrug 5 Meter, die grisste : Machtigkeit nur etwa 0,5 Me- ter. Die Hauptmasse, d. h. die oberen drei Viertel des Schiefers, war beinahe fossilleer, waihrend die untersten 0,1—0,2 Meter reich ap Pflanzenfossilien waren, die allerdings hauptsachlich aus Ab- driicken langer, unverzweigter rig, 4, “Profil bei Fossilfundstiitte 1. Stiel- oder Stengelreste bestanden, Gansefjord. 8 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM zwischen denen aber auch verzweigte Stielreste und Blatterabdriicke er- schienen. »Alles von diesem Schiefer, was ohne all zu grosse Wegriumungs- arbeiten zugiinglich war, wurde von uns herausgenommen und in mehr- tagiger Arbeit von 2—3 Mannern weggefiihrt und an Bord gebracht. »Die Fossilreste beschriinkten sich nicht auf diesen Schiefer allein, vielmehr wurden auch im Sandstein der Abteilung C undeutliche Pflanzen- reste beobachtet, und in den Konglomeraten kamen vereinzelte Bruch- stiicke von verwitterten, bunten Fischschuppen vor. »Hinige Tage nachher — im Spiitherbste 1900 — entdeckten wir einige z. T. recht grosse und zusammengehiiufte Stammabdriicke in einem glimmerreichen, unreinen Sandstein, etwas oberhalb der obersten Bank des Profils bei 1, aber etwas weiter nordlich, und zwar in einer hervortretenden Partie des anstehenden Gesteins. Diese Lokalitat ist die Fundstatte 2. »Die Fundstatte 3 ist eine Wand von anstehendem Gestein, das im Flussbett am Galgeodde (Galgenkap) entblisst ist. »Zwischen zwei Banken grauen Sandsteines kam hier eine, wie es scheinen wollte, lenticulare Partie eines schwarzen Schiefers vor, dessen grosste Machtigkeit etwa 2 Meter betrug. Er keilte gegen Westen aus, wihrend die Fortsetzung gegen Osten unter losen Schuttmassen ver- borgen war. »Die Fossilreste an dieser Stelle waren ahnlicher Art wie bei 1, und sie kamen auch wie dort hauptsichlich in der untersten Partie des Schiefers vor. »Wie oben schon bemerkt, ruht die ganze Sandsteinreihe auf Schichten, die zu einer hohen Abteilung des Mitteldevons oder sogar zum Oberdevon gerechnet werden miissen. Uber die obere Grenze der Reihe kann ich mich dagegen nicht dussern. »Der Sandstein ist, mit flachem Fallen gegen WNW, von der Renn- tierbucht (Renbugten) bei Hell Gate, am Nordstrand (Nordufer) an der Nordkiiste vorbei, bis an die Ostseite des Kingangs in den Eidsfjord an- stehend gefunden. Westlich des Eidsfjords treten Kalksteine auf, die am Store Bjornekap (Grossen Béirenkap) Carbonfossilien enthalten. Ich fand keine Gelegenheit, die Grenze zwischen den beiden Formationen festzustellen. »Dieselbe Sandsteinablagerung tritt ferner an der Siidseite des Bay- Fjords auf. Ich glaubte hier dieselben undeutlichen Fossilreste und bitu- minésen Streifen in den lichtgrauen Sandsteinen wie an den Fundstatten 1 und 3, ja sogar auch dieselbe Blitterabdriicke wie an diesen Lokali- 1898—1902. No.1.] | DIE OBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. 9 taten in den zwischenliegenden diinnen Schiefern erkennen zu kénnen. Leider konnte ich bei der Vorbeifahrt keine Zeit fiir die Einsammlung der Fossilien disponieren. »Wie viel oder wie wenig der iibrigen lings des ganzen Eureka- sundes aultretenden Sandsteinablagerungen von diesem Alter ist, kann ich nicht sagen. Verschiedene itber diese ganze’ Gegend gemachte Funde von Fossilresten mesozoischen Alters machen es aber wahrschein- lich, dass die Hauptmasse der dortigen Sandsteine jiinger ist.“ Zu dieser ausfiihrlichen Mitteilung habe ich nichts anderes hinzu- zufiigen, als dass die Behauptung des Herrn Scuer, die Fossilreste der Lokalitéten 1 und 3 enthielten dieselben Arten, vollkommen richtig ist. Doch habe ich auf den Tafeln die Abbildungen nach den einzelnen Lo- kalitaten geordnet. , 10 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM Beschreibung der Arten. - Lyginodendron J. Gourlie. Mit diesem Namen wurden von J. Gouruie seiner Zeit einige durch die unten zu erwihnende Skulptur ausgezeichnete Abdriicke von Rinden- flichen beschrieben. Als WittraMson spiiter einige Stammreste mit noch erhaltener Struktur untersuchte, konnte er darlegen, dass die Skulptur der von Gourlie beschriebenen Gegenstande durch den eigentiimlichen Bau gewisser Rindenlagen bedingt war. Die parenchymatische Grund- masse der Rinde war niimlich durch radiale, hin und her gebogene, mit einander anastomosierende Platten von Stereiden durchsetzt, die also spindel- oder linsenférmige Stiicke der Grundmasse umschlossen. Da diese Grundmasse bei der Faulnis oder Fossilwandelung zerstért, wahrend die Stereidenplatten als mehr widerstandsfaihig dagegen aufbewahrt wur- den, mussen die Abdricke solcher Rindenplatten die von Gour.ir be- schriebene Skulptur erhalten. Wutiramson fiihrte deshalb den von ihm beschriebenen Stamm, der diese Struktur der Rinde zeigte, als Lygino- dendron Oldhamianum auf!. . Es hat sich aber spater erwiesen, dass auch andere Stimme von verschiedener systematischer Stellung einen analogen Bau der Rinde haben kénnen. Wiahrend Wituamsons Lyginodendron Oldhamianum zu den Farnen oder Cycadophytenfarnen (Cycadofilices) gerechnet wird, kommt namlich ein lyginodendroider Bau der Rinde auch bei Lepido- phyten, ja mitunter sogar bei Calamariaceen vor. Porton hat deshalb mit Recht? die von Witiiamson beschriebenen Stammreste mit noch erhaltener Struktur als Lyginopteris bezeichnet, wahrend Lyginoden- dron fir Rindenplatten im allgemeinen — oder Abdriicke derselben — mit der erwahnten Aussenskulptur behalten wird. Dieser Name ist selbst- verstindlich provisorisch und sagt nichts iiber die systematische Stellung der betreffenden Reste. 1 Wituramson, On the organisation of the fossil plants of the coal-measures. Part 4. Phil. Transactions. 1873, p. 377. 2 Potonié, Lehrbuch der Pflanzenpalaeontologie. Berlin 1899. 18981902. No.1.] DIE OBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. 11 Lyginodendron Sverdrupi n. sp. Taf.1, Fig.1; Taf.2, Fig.4 und 2. Von den beiden Lokalitaéten 1 und 3, insbesondere aber von jener, hat Herr Scuer mehrere Sticke lyginodendroider Rindenplatten mit- gebracht, die sowohl durch ihre Grisse wie durch ihren Bau von den schon bekannten betrachtlich abweichen. Was die Grésse derselben be- trifft, so legen ausser den abgebildeten andere vor, die noch gréssere Dimensionen ankiindigen. Es lisst sich also nicht bezweifeln, dass es sich um Rindenreste einer baumartigen Pflanze handelt. Samtliche Stiicke stimmen hinsichtlich ihres Baues mit einander tiberein, obschon sie im allgemeinen mehr oder weniger zerrissen sind. Es ist namlich offenbar, dass die leeren Raume zwischen den mutmasslichen Stereiden- platten als Ausgangsstellen fernerer Risse und Zerstérungen gedient haben, weshalb die urspriingliche Form dieser Riume nur hier und da zu erkennen ist. Man diwfte jedoch annehmen kénnen, dass dieselbe auf Taf. 1, Fig. 1, links und auf Taf. 2, Fig. 2, unten zum Vorschein kommt. . : Von den hisher beschriebenen lyginodendroiden Rindenplatten wei-- chen die vorliegenden dadurch ab, dass das parenchymatische Grund- gewebe sehr zuriickgedringt ist, d. h. die (Stereiden-)platten, die iibrigens mehr in tangentialer als in radialer Richtung entwickelt zu sein scheinen, walten bedeutend vor, wahrend sie sonst gegen das Grundgewebe zuriick- zutreten pflegen. Doch bildet Wittramson auf seiner Tafel 27 zwei Dictyoxylon-Stiicke (Fig. 28 und 29) ab, bei denen das Grundgewebe ebenfalls sehr zuriickgedrangt zu sein scheint, obschon allerdings bei weitem nicht in solchem Grade wie bei den vorliegenden Exemplaren. Was diese betrifft, sei tibrigens bemerkt, dass die (Stereiden-)Platten stark verkohlt sind und eine eigentiimliche langsrunzelige Skulptur be- sitzen. Da ahnliche Rindenplatten meines Wissens bisher nicht bekannt waren, wandte ich mich an die Herren R. Zeruer in Paris und A. C. SEwaRD in Cambridge, um zu erfahren, ob sie wohl etwas Ahnliches gesehen hatten. Herr ZetLLer teilte mir mit, dass er keine ahnlichen Gegenstiinde kenne, sprach aber wegen des lyginodendroiden Baues und der sonstigen Beschaffenheit derselben die Meinung aus, dass es sich am wahrscheinlichsten um Reste von Farnen oder Cycadopbytenfarnen (Cycadofilicineen) handeln diirfte, und dass er zunichst an Stimme vom Typus der Sphenopteris Hoeninghausi oder Sph. distans denke, die ja als wahrscheinlich zu den Cycadofilicineen gehirend aufgefasst werden. 12 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM Herr Sewarp schrieb, dass die Abbildungen ihn etwas an einen grossen Abdruck auf einer Sandsteinplatte aus den Coal-Measures erinnere, der zu Sigillaria oder Lepidodendron gehiren diirfte. Da aber, wie oben erwahnt, ein lyginodendroider Bau bei ganz verschiedenen Pflanzen vor- kommen kann, lisst sich selbstverstindlich nichts Bestimmtes tiber die systematische Stellung unseres Lyginodendron Sverdrupi folgern. Es diirfte jedoch das wahrscheinlichste sein, dass es sich hier um Reste von Farnen oder Cycadophytenfarnen handelt, da ja keine Lepido- phyten oder Calamitaceen hier vorkommen. Endgiltig wird eine solche Schlussfolgerung allerdings nicht, denn die Abwesenheit der erwahnten Fossilien kann ja eine zufillige sein. Wir miissen also gegenwartig die Frage tiber die systematische Stellung der betreffenden Gegenstinde offen lassen. Vorkommen. Lokalitét 1 und 3, besonders an jener. Lyginodendroide Rinde. Taf. 7, Fig. 5, 6. Das Exemplar besteht aus dicht gedrangten, hin und her gebogenen, mit einander zuweilen anastomosierenden, kaum millimeterbreiten ver- kohlten Bindern, die bei Vergrésserung (Fig. 6) feine Langsstreifen zeigen. Der Fossilrest diirfte als eine Rindenplatte mit lyginodendroidem Bau aufgefasst werden kénnen. Vorkommen. Lokalitét 3. Ein einziges Exemplar. Stengelreste von unbestimmter systematischer Stellung. A. Taf. 4, Fig. 1. Fragment eines breiten Stengels, mit ziemlich regelmassiger Lings- rippung, infolgedessen man sogar an einen Asterocalamites-Rest denken kénnte. Da aber keine Gliederung vorhanden ist — was ja freilich nur durch die fragmentarische Beschaffenheit des Stiickes bedingt sein kann — lasst es sich nicht entscheiden, ob diese Ahnlichkeit eine zufillige ist oder nicht. Um eine calamatoide Knorria handelt es sich jeden- falls nicht. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 1. 1898—1902. No.1.] | DIE OBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. 13 B. Taf. 4, Fig. 2. Auch iiber diesen Rest lasst sich wenig sagen. Die Rippen sind in der Wirklichkeit etwas regelmissiger als die Abbildung wiedergiebt. Die Ahnlichkeit wit einer calamitoiden Knorria ist etwas grésser, ohne dass es jedoch eine zu sein scheint. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 2. Cc, Taf. 4, Fig. 3, 4 Die beiden Abbildungen stellen verschiedene Teile eines und des- selben etwa 47 Centimeter langen Stammstiicks vor. Sie diirften wohl als die zusammengepressten Ausfiillungen eines Markrohreylinders mit dem Abdruck des umgebenden Holzes betrachtet werden kénnen. An der Partie Fig. 4, die den unteren Teil des Stammstiicks darstellt, ist der Abdruck des Holzes auf den beiden Seiten des Markrohrs zu sehen, wihrend es an der Partie Fig. 3 auf der rechten Seite fehlt. Die Aus- fallung des Markrohrs zeichnet sich sowohl durch unregelmassige Langs- streifen wie besonders durch transversal gestellte, mitunter gabelige und mit einander anastomosierende Eindriticke aus, die in einigen Partien noch scharfer zum Ausdruck kommen, als die Zeichnungen zeigen’. Wir haben es also zweifelsohne mit einem Stamme zu thun, dessen weite Markrohrausfiillung eine Artisia-aihnliche Skulptur besessen hat und der wohl also von einem Cordaites oder von einer mit diesem ver- wandten Gattung stammt, was nicht befremden kann, da Cordattes schon vorher als im Devon vorkommend angegeben ist. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 2. D. Taf. 5, Fig. 1. Fs ist wahrscheinlich, dass dies Stammstiick, das mit dem vorigen zu- sammen gefunden ist, zu derselben Art gehdrt, obschon die transversalen Eindriicke fehlen, was vielleicht davon abhingt, dass die unmittelbar an das Markrohr grenzende Flache des Holzes zerstért war, weshalb es 1 Da die Eindriicke auf der rechten Seite der Fig. 4 etwas an die Risse der Kohle von stark verkohlten Staémmen erinnert, will ich besonders hervorheben, dass es sich nicht um solche Risse handelt. 14 | A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM sich um den Abdruck einer angrenzenden Holzschicht handelt. Ich ver- mute dies, weil das Stiick C stellenweise Andeutungen einer ahnlichen Langsskulptur zeigt. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 2. E. Taf. 5, Fig. 2. Stengelstiick mit Ast, vielleicht eines Farnes. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 3. F. Taf. 5, Fig. 3. - Stengelrest mit lyginodendroider oder sogar tylodendroider Skulptur. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 3. G, . Taf. 5, Fig. 4, 5. Stachelige Stengelreste, wie sie haufig im Culm und im Ober- devons vorkommen. Am Exemplar Fig. 4 ist die Austrittstelle eines Astes angedeutet. Diese Reste rihren wohl von Farnen oder Cycadophy- tenfarnen her. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 3. Archaeopteris Dawson. Archaeopteris Archetypus Schmalhausen. Taf. 1, Fig. 2-5; Taf. 2, Fig. 3-5; Taf. 6, Fig. 116. Archaeopteris Archetypus ScumatHausen, Ueber devonische Pflanzen aus dem Donetz-Becken S, 22, Taf. 1, Fig. 9; Taf. 2, Fig. 15-22. (Mém. Com. Géol. Vol. 8, No. 3. St. Petersburg 1894). Archaeopteris Archetypus Naruorsr in Sverdrup, Nyt Land, Vol. 2, S. 369. (Textfigur). Die grosse Ubereinstimmung, die zwischen den Exemplaren des Ellesmere-Landes und den von ScumMatnausen abgebildeten aus dem Donetz-Becken zu bestehen scheint, dirfte zu der Annahme berechtigen, dass es sich um dieselbe Art handelt. Doch habe ich hier keine fertilen Exemplare mit so vollkommen einseitig gestellten Sporangien wie die 18981902. No. 1.] | DIE OBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. 15 von ScumaLuausen auf seiner Taf. 2, Fig. 19—21 abgebildeten beob- achtet, und ebensowenig habe ich fertile Fiederchen gefunden, die nur an ihrem unteren Teile die Sporangien tragen, wahrend ihre Spitze noch blattartig ausgebildet ist. Es ist aber hiebei zu bemerken, dass ich tiberhaupt keine fertilen Fiedern in Verbindung mit sterilen beob- achtet habe, weshalb ich also nicht zu behaupten wage, dass fertile Fie- dern von der betreffenden Art vorliegen. Denn es ist ja mdglich, dass sie simtlich zu Archaeopieris fissilis gehoren. Uberhaupt sind die fer- tilen Fiedern meistens recht schlecht erhalten. Dass Scumatnausens Angabe iiber die einseitige Stellung der Spo- rangien ganz richtig ist, davon habe ich mich an Exemplaren aus Donetz tberzeugen kénnen, die ich durch die Liebenswiirdigkeit des Herrn Aka- demikers Tu. T'scHERNYSCHEW aus dem Museum der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Petersburg zum Vergleichen bekommen habe. Die Sporangien sind tberdies relativ lang und schmal. ScuMaLHausen hebt als besondere Eigentiimlichkeit bei Archaeop- teris Archetypus den Umstand hervor, ,dass die Fiederchen quer an der Spindel und spiralférmig, héchst wahrscheinlich nach 2/5 Divergenz angeheftet gewesen sind“. Die Belegstiicke, die als Beweise fiir eine solche Annahme dienen sollen, erscheinen aber kaum iiberzeugend. Wenn man die Grésse der Fiederchen und die Schmalheit der Spindel (der Fieder), besonders gegen die Spitze derselben hin, bedenkt, so ist es ja verstandlich, dass die Fiederchen, auch wenn sie den Seiten der Spindel angeheftet sind, sich leicht tiber dieselbe biegen kénnen. ScumatHausens Abbildungen beziehen sich ja saimtlich auf Bruch- stiicke apicaler Teile der Fiedern. Sie entsprechen etwa unseren Exem- plaren auf Taf. 1, Fig. 4 und auf Taf. 6, Fig. 9, 14 und 15. Was das Exemplar Fig. 9 betrifft, so kann man jedoch sehr deutlich beobachten, dass die Fiederchen entgegengestellten Seiten der Spindel angeheftet sind (Fig. 12 und 13 vergréssert), und wenn man ferner die Exemplare Taf. 6, Fig. 8 und 10 betrachtet, deren Fiederchen beinahe gegenstindig sind und an der Spindel herablaufen, so wird es einleuchtend, dass die Fiederchen an der Spindel keine spiralige Stellung eingenommen haben. Auch die Exemplare Taf. 1, Fig. 2 und 3 sprechen dafiir, dass die Fiederchen in derselben Weise wie die anderen Arten der Gattung der Fiederspindel angeheftet waren. Soweit man aus ScumaLuausens Abbildungen urteilen kann, stimmt die Pflanze des Ellesmere-Landes im Bau der Fiederchen vollstandig mit der Art des Donetz-Beckens tiberein. Man vergleiche z. B. unsere Fig. 4 und 5 auf Taf. 1 oder Fig. 5 auf Taf. 2 mit Scumatnausens Taf. 2, 16 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC, EXP. FRAM Fig. 20, oder unsere Fig. 7,9 und 11 auf Taf. 6 mit seinen Fig. 15—18. Wir haben in der Sammlung vom Ellesmere-Land allerdings kein so grosses Fiederchen wie seine Textfigur Fig. 1 beobachtet, das ja aber auch bei Donetz zu den Seltenheiten zu gehdren scheint. Kinige Exem- plare aus Donetz, die mir TscHerNyscHEWw giitigst zum Vergleichen ge- schickt hat, stimmen mit den unsrigen gut tiberein. Die Fiederchen sind mitunter etwas asymmetrisch (Taf. 1, Fig. 2; Taf. 6, Fig. 14), was auch bei der Pflanze von Donetz nach den mir vorliegenden Exem- plaren der Fall sein kann und von der Stellung der Fiederchen an der Spindel abhingt. Es scheint also kein Grund vorzuliegen, die Pflanze des Ellesmere-Landes von der des Donetz-Beckens als besondere Art zu trennen. Die Fiederchen der vorliegenden Art scheinen symmetrischer als bei A. hibernica Forbes sp. und bei A. obtusa Lesq. sp. zu sein. Die Fiederchen von A. Gaspiensis Dawson, von der ich seiner Zeit Exem- plare von Dawson selbst bekommen habe, sind gewoéhnlich etwas kleiner und ihr Stiel ist wenig deutlich, aber auf alle Falle breiter als bei A. Archetypus. Immerhin muss zugestanden werden, dass es eine un- dankbare Aufgabe ist, sich tber die verschiedenen amerikanischen Ar- chaeopteris-Arten auszusprechen, denn die Beschreibungen und Abbil- dungen derselben sind noch immer viel zu unvollstandig, um sichere Schlussfolgerungen zu erlauben. Es kénnte allerdings eigentimlich er- scheinen, dass die betreffende Pflanze des Ellesmere-Landes sich am nichsten an eine Art aus Siid-Russland und nicht an eine amerikanische Art anschliesst, wobei jedoch zu bemerken ist, dass die unten zu be- schreibende Art zu einem Typus gehort, der bisher ebenfalls nur aus Stid- Russland bekannt war, wahrend er in Amerika bisher nirgends zum Vorschein gekommen ist. Das Vorkommen von Archaeopteris Arche- typus ist unter solchen Umstanden weniger befremdend. Wie Kinston! zuerst fir Archaeopteris hibernica und ich dann fir A. fimbriata und A. Roemeriana nachgewiesen haben, ist die Blattspindel zu unterst mit zwei Nebenblattern versehen. _ ,Eigentiimlich ist nur,“ heisst es bei mir2, ,dass die Nebenblitter mit dem Blatte zusammen und noch am Blattstiel haftend vom Stamme abgefallen sind, wiihrend es sich bei den jetzigen Marattiaceen anders verhalt.“ Bei diesen lést sich bekanntlich die Basis des die Lamina tragenden Blatt- 1 R. Kipsron, On the fructification and internal structure of carboniferous ferns. Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasgow, vol. 9. 1889. 2 A. G. Narnorst, Zur oberdevonischen Flora der Baren-Insel. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handlingar Bd. 36, No. 3. Stockholm 1902. 1898—1902. No.1.] | DIEOBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. LZ stiels oberhalb des etwas verdichten, von den Nebenblittern umgebenen Teiles ab, der mit den Nebenblattern lange am Stamme sitzen bleibt. Auch aus Ellesmere-Land liegen Exemplare vor, deren Basis mit zwei Nebenblittern, ganz wie bei A. hibernica und A. Roemeriana, versehen sind (Taf. 6, Fig. 1, 2, 4), wihrend sie noch dazu einen ganz eigentiimlichen Bau zeigen. Der Teil des Stieles oberhalb der Neben- blatter traigt namlich breite Cyclopteris-ihnliche Fiedern, die wohl als Aphlebien aufzufassen sind. Ich habe schon in meiner fossilen Flora der Baren-Insel (pag. 21) dargelegt, dass die Blattspindel von A. Roe- meriana unterhalb der ersten Fiedern einige regelmassig gestellte schuppenartige Spreiten tragt, die ich fiir etwas transformierte Zwischen- fiedern! halten méchte. Nach einem Exemplare zu urteilen, ,méchte es stheinen, als ware ihre Stellung nicht zweiseitig, sondern spiralig.“ Dies ist nun bei den hier vorhegenden Aphlebien entschieden der Fall (Taf. 2, Fig. 3; Taf. 6, Fig. 1—6), und sie scheinen noch dazu an der Spindel mit umfassender und herablaufender Basis quer gestellt zu sein. Besonders eigentiimlich erscheint das Exemplar Taf. 6, Fig. 6: die Nebenblitter erstrecken sich hier weit an der Spindel hinauf, so dass diese wie gefliigelt erscheint. Wie aus den Abbildungen erhellt, sind ubrigens die Exemplare ziemlich unvollstaindig, es lasst sich aber nicht bezweifeln, dass diese Cyclopteris-ahnlichen Aphlebien eine dicht ge- drangte Stellung am Basalteil der Spindel unterhalb der Fiedern ein- genommen haben, wahrend sie héher oben durch die Zwischenfiedern ersetzt wurden. Es sei allerdings bemerkt, dass keine Exemplare vor- liegen, die die Aphlebien-tragenden Spindelreste noch mit Archaeopteris Archetypus verbunden zeigen, doch diirfte es kaum bezweifelt werden kénnen, dass beide zusammengehdéren, obschon ja der Umstand, dass sie zusammen vorkommen, diese Zusammengehirigkeit nicht sicher be- weist. Vorkommen. An den Lokalitaiten 1 und 3, recht haufig. Archaeopteris fissilis Schmalhausen erweitert. Taf. 2. Fig. 6—9; Taf. 3; Taf. 7, Fig. 1—4. Archaeopteris fissilis Schmalhausen, Ueber devonische Pflanzen aus dem Donetz- Becken, S. 27, Taf. 1, Fig. 1-8. (Mém. Com. Géol. Vol. 8, No. 3. St. Petersburg 1894). 1 Diese Benennung wurde von mir in der erwahnten Arbeit (p. 18) vorgeschlagen, was wohl Potonié tibersehen hat, da er denselben Namen fir dasselbe Organ in seiner Arbeit ,,Zur Physiologie und Morphologie der fossilen Farn-Aphlebien“, Ber. d. deutsch. Bot. Ges. 21 (1903), p. 152, vorschligt. 2 18 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC, EXP. FRAM Archaeopteris fissilis Nathorst in Sverdrup, Nyt Land, Vol. 2, S. 312 (Textfigur). ; Die unter diesem Namen von ScuMaLHausen beschriebene Art ist durch die feingeteilten Fiederchen mit ,fast borstenformigen Zipfeln“ (Schmalh.) ausgezeichnet. Die Teilung der Fiederchen ist eine?wieder- holte, jedoch mitunter etwas unregelmissige Gabelung. Die Zwischen- fiedern sind wie die tbrigen Fiederchen gebaut. Die Exemplare aus Ellesmere-Land weichen dadurch von der von ScumaLyausen beschriebenen Art insofern ab, als die Zahl der Lappen der Fiederchen weitaus grisser ist. ScHMALHAUSEN giebt hichstens 8 Lappen an, wahrend die vorliegenden Exemplare deren 12 oder vielleicht noch mehr zeigen kénnen. Da die Ubereinstimmung sonst gut ist, scheint es mir jedoch nicht richtig, die vorliegende Pflanze von der rus- sischen Art zu trennen, und zwar um so weniger, als die aus dem Donetz- Becken stammenden Exemplare ja verhaltnismassig klein und fragmen- tarisch sind und es also wohl méglich ist, dass kraftigere Exemplare dieser Lokalitat eine gréssere Ubereinstimmung mit den unsrigen gezeigt haben wiirden. Es kommen hier einige Eigentimlichkeiten vor, die eine besondere Erwahnung verdienen. LEinige Fiedern (oben links) des grossen Exem- plars der Taf. 3 (in etwa °/s der natiirlichen Grésse wiedergegeben), dessen Erhaltung allerdings hitte besser sein kinnen, scheinen namlich gegabelt zu sein, was ich sonst tiberhaupt niemals beobachtet habe. Dass diese Gabelung nicht auf einer zufalligen Spaltung beruht, geht aus dem Umstand hervor, dass auch die Gabeliste an ihren beiden Seiten Fiederchen tragen. Eigentimlich ist auch das Exemplar Taf. 7, Fig. 1, an dessen rechter Seite die Fiederchen so dicht gedrangt erscheinen, als ob sie eine spiralige Stellung an der Fieder eingenommen hitten. Da aber das Exemplar nicht gut erhalten ist, lassen sich keine Details mit Sicher- heit ermitteln. Sowohl das grosse Exemplar der Tafel 3, als auch das Exemplar der Taf. 7, Fig. 4, zeigen Fiedern, die fertil sind. Auf jenem nehmen die fertilen Fiedern den untern Teil des Wedels ein, wahrend die Fie- dern des oberen Teiles simtlich steril sind, was ja auch bei Archaeop- teris Roemeriana und A. fimbriata vorkommt. An dem Exemplar Taf. 7, Fig. 4 sind die Fiederchen an der Basis der Fiedern _ steril, wihrend sie gegen die Mitte und Spitze hin fertil sind. Uber den Bau der fertilen Fiederchen lasst sich nichts Neues sagen, da sie im all- gemeinen nicht gut erhalten sind. 1898—1902. No.1.] | DIEOBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. 19 Von den wbrigen bisher bekannten Archaeopteris-Arten steht A. fimbriata Nath. aus der Biren-Insel der vorliegenden am_nichsten, unterscheidet sich aber von derselben dadurch, dass die Fiederchen der- selben immer eine deutliche Lamina besitzen. Vorkommen. Lokalititen 1 und 3. Fertile Archaeopteris-Fiedern. Taf. 6, Fig. 17—19. Da die fertilen Fiedern vereinzelt vorkommen, lasst es sich nicht immer sagen, zu welcher von den beiden Arten sie gehéren. Das ab- gebildete Exemplar ist eines von den am besten erhaltenen und lisst, wie die vergrésserten Abbildungen 18 und 19 zeigen, den gewohnlichen Bau und die gewodhnliche Aussenskulptur der ,Sporangien“ erkennen. Dass dies wirklich Sporangien sind, lasst sich allerdings ohne Kenntnis ihres inneren Baues nicht beweisen, und angesichts der jiingsten Uber- raschungen in Bezug auf die systematische Stellung gewisser palao- zoischer Pflanzen, die bisher als Farne aufgefasst wurden, dirfte es am kliigsten sein, die Frage itber die naihere systematische Stellung von Archaeopteris vorlaufig als eine noch offene zu betrachten. Vorkommen. Fertile Archaeopteris-Fiedern kommen an beiden Lokalitéten 1 und 3 vor. Sphenopteridium Schimper. Cir. Sphenopteridium Keilhaui Nathorst. Taf. 7, Fig. 7. Sphenopteridium Keilhaui Nathorst, Zur oberdevonischen Flora der Biren- Insel p. 15, Taf. 2, Fig. 3—13. (K. Sv. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, Bd. 36, No. 3, Stockholm 1902). Da nur das abgebildete Fiederchen gefunden ist, lisst sich selbst- verstandlich nicht mit vélliger Sicherheit behaupten, dass es sich um einen Rest von Sphenopteridium Keilhaui handelt, obschon die Uber- einstimmung mit demselben vollstandig zu sein scheint. Diese Art war bisher nur aus den oberdevonischen Schichten der Baren-Insel bekannt. Vorkommen. Lokalitat 3. 20 A. G. NATHORST, [SEC. ARC, EXP. FRAM Riickblick. Obschon die Zahl der oben beschriebenen Arten eine sehr geringe ist, gewihren dieselben jedoch sowohl in botanischer als auch in pflanzen- geographischer und geologischer Hinsicht ein nicht geringes Interesse. In botanischer Hinsicht verdient Lyginodendron Sverdrupi deshalb besonders erwaihnt zu werden, weil es das Vorkommen einer bisher wahrscheinlich unbekannten Pflanze der jiingeren Devonzeit anzukiin- — digen scheint. Auch die Stammreste, die zu Cordaites oder zu einer mit diesem verwandten Pflanze zu gehoren scheinen, diirften bei dieser Gelegenheit nicht unerwihnt bleiben. Das Vorkommen der Cyclopteris- ahnlichen Aphlebien an dem basalen Teil der Blattspindel von Archae- opteris Archetypus hat ebenfalls ein Interesse. Es darf ausserdem nicht unberiicksichtigt bleiben, dass die betreffenden Pflanzenfossilien in keiner Hinsicht andere klimatologische Verhaltnisse als die gleichzeitig in Europa herrschenden anktindigen; die Archaeopteris-Arten erscheinen vielmehr kraftiger entwickelt als die Exemplare aus Donetz, was ja allerdings zufallig sein kann. Auffallend ist der Umstand, dass, obschon so viele Archaeopteris-Reste aus dem nordamerikanischen Kontinent bekannt sind, doch unter denselben kein Vertreter des A. fissilis- oder A. fimbriata-Typus vorkommt. Dieser ist vielmehr bisher nur aus dem Donetz-Becken, der Baren-Insel und dem Ellesmere-Lande bekannt. Dass die Pflanzenreste der Lokalitéten 1 und 3 in unmittelbarer Nahe der Ablagerung gewachsen sind, ist offenbar, und es muss also hier wahrend der jiingsten Devonzeit Land existiert haben, was ja ubri- gens auch durch das Vorkommen der kleinen Kohlenfléze bestatigt wird. Uber die Ausdehnung dieses Landes kann ich mich selbstver- standlich nicht aussern. Dagegen machen die Stammreste der Lokalitat 2 den Eindruck, als wiren sie dahin geschwemmt, und es ware wohl moglich, dass die betreffende Ablagerung sich in einem Meere oder einem Aestuarium abgesetzt hatte. 1898—1902. No.1.] DIE OBERDEV. FLORA D. ELLESMERE-LANDES. 24 Tafelerklarungen. Tafel 1. Fig. 1. Lyginodendron Sverdrupi Nath. S. 11. Grosse Rindenpartie. — 9-5. Archaeopteris Archetypus Schmalh. S. 14. 2, Fragment der Hauptspindel mit Resten der Fiedern; 3, Fragmente mehrerer Fiedern von derselben Seite der Hauptspindel; 4, Fragmente mittlerer Partieen von zwei Fiedern ; 5, Einzelnes Fiederchen. Samtliche Sticke stammen aus der Lokalitat 1. Tafel 2. Fig. 1,2. Lyginodendron Sverdrupi Nath. S. 11. — 3-5. Archaeopteris Archetypus Schmalh. S. 14. 3, Basalteil der Hauptspindel mit Cyclopteris-Aphlebien; 4, Fragment des apikalen Teiles einer Fieder 5, Hauptspindel mit Fiederfragmenten. — 6-9. Archaeopteris fissilis Schmalh. S. 17. 6,7, Teile der Hauptspindel mit Fiedern; 8, Fiederfragment mit zwei Fiederchen; 9, ein Fiederchen des Vorigen in 1'/,-facher Vergrésserung. Samtliche Stiicke stammen aus der Lokalitat 1. Tafel 3. Archaeopteris fissilis Schmalh. S. 17. Grosses Wedelstiick, unten fertil, oben steril, in etwa 8/, der natirlichen Grésse. Das Stiick stammt aus der Lokalitat 1. Tafel 4. Fig. 1. A. §. 12. Unbestimmbarer Stengelrest. — 2. B. 8. 13. Unbestimmbarer Stengelrest. — 3,4 Cc 58. 18. Stammstiicke, verschiedene Teile desselben Exemplars, das wahrscheinlich zu einem Cordaites gehort. Das Exemplar Fig, 1 stammt aus der Lokalitat 1, die tibrigen Stiicke aus der Lokalitat 2. Tafel 5. Fig. 1. D. S. 13. Stammstiick. — 2 E. §. 14. Stengelrest, links mit einem Aste, 22 A. G. NATHORST. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM.| Fig. 3. — 4,5. Fig. 116. Fig. aS F. S, 14. Stengelrest. G. S. 14. Stachelige Stengelreste. Das Exemplar Fig. 1 stammt aus der Lokalitét 2, die tibrigen aus der Lokalitat 3. Tafel 6. Archaeopteris Archetypus Schmalh. S. 14. 1-6, Basalteile der Haupt- spindel mit Nebenblattern (1, 2, 4, 6) und Cyclopteris-aihnlichen Aphle- bien; 7, Teil einer Fiederspindel mit zwei Fiederchen; 8, Fragment der Hauptspindel mit Zwischenfiedern und zwei gegenstandigen, herablaufenden Fiederchen an der Fiederspindel rechts; 9, Fragment einer Fieder mit scheinbar spiraliger Stellung der Fiederchen nach der Spitze hin; 10, Fiederfragment mit zwei gegenstiindigen und herablaufenden Fiederchen; 11, Platte mit mehreren, verhaltnismissig grossen Fiederchen; 12, 13, Par- tieen des Exemplars Fig.9, in 1'/.- und 3-facher Vergrésserung, um die Anheftung der gestielten Fiederchen an der Fiederspindel zu zeigen; 14, drei etwas schiefe Fiederchen in ihrer urspriinglichen Stellung, die Fiederspindel selbst ist im Gestein verborgen; 15, Fiederfragment vom apikalen Teil der Fieder; 16, Teil einer Hauptspindel mit Fragmenten von Fiedern. Fertile Archacopteris-Fieder. S. 19. _ Drei ,,Sporangien“ in 2-facher Vergrésserung. Ein ,Sporangium“ stark vergréssert, die charakteristische Skulptur der Aussenfliche zeigend. ; Sdmtliche Stticke stammen aus der Lokalitat 3. Tafel 7. Archaeopteris fissilis Schmalh. S. 17. 1, Partie eines Wedels, dessen Fiedern rechts durch die dicht gedrangte Stellung der Fiederchen aus- gezeichnet sind; 2, 3, Fiederfragmente mit verhaltnismassig grossen Fie- derchen; 4, Partie eines Wedelstiicks mit fertilen Fiedern, dessen basale Fiederchen jedoch steril sind. Lyginodendroide Rinde. S. 12. Partie der Vorigen, vergréssert. Sphenopteridium Keilhaui Nath. 8.19. Fiederchen. Samtliche Stiicke stammen aus der Lokalitit 3. Printed August 1904, Rep. of the Second Norweg. Arct. Exped. in the Fram. 1898-1902. Net. ‘Taf.7 Thikhlom del. Ljustr A.B. Lagrelius & Westphal. Stockh. REPORT OF THE SECOND NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE “FRAM” 1898—1902. No. 2. H. G. SIMMONS: THE VASCULAR PLANTS IN THE FLORA OF ELLESMERELAND WITH 10 PLATES, 6 FIGURES AND ONE MAP IN THE TEXT AT THE EXPENSE OF THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN FUND FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY VIDENSKABS-SELSKABET I KRISTIANIA (THE SOCIETY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES OF KRISTIANIA) KRISTIANIA PRINTED BY A. W.BROGGER 1906 “2 Introduction. The northernmost great island of the Arctic American Archipelago was first sighted in 1616 by Barrin and Bytor and got its first name, Ellesmereland, that is, the first apart from the Eskimo name “Umingma nuna”, the land of the muskoxen, which is probably of very much older origin. The next European who visited these parts was Captain, after- wards Sir, Jouw Ross, who sailed up to Smith Sound in the “Isabella”, 1818. Both expeditions, however, only sighted the land from their ships, no landings were made. Then, in 1851, two of the ships in the expedi- tion in search of Sir Joun Franxuin under the command of SHERARD Oszorn and Cator, went into Jones Sound, and the first landing was effected on the south coast of Ellesmereland, not however on the main- land but on Cone Island. Again, in 1852, a search-expedition visited the same parts under the command of IycLerieLp, who went further up Smith Sound than his predecessors had done, and looked into the great basin to the north, where also points of a coast were visible to the north-west, which was afterwards regarded as belonging to another island, but he did not land on the west side of the Sound. The first map of the south coast was drawn by the officers of the above-mentioned expedition in 1851. It gives only the eastern parts of both coasts of Jones Sound, and is so far very well in accordance with the true trend of the coast. Such is not the case with the map of INGLEFIELD from 1852, his additions to the chart being almost entirely wrong. He has, however, placed an island, Sir Inglis Peak, about 84— 85° W., close to the coast of Ellesmereland. Now a considerable island really exists, and even if its relative position to the coast is another than in IncLEFieLD’s map, still I think his name for it must be kept. Conse- quently I use it instead of the later name “Skreia” of Sverprup (Neues Land). 1 4 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM During the next expedition to Smith Sound, that of Kane in 1853— 55, the western (“American”) side was first visited, not, however, the southern part, Ellesmereland proper, but the region to the north-west of Kane Basin, which was now named Grinnell Land. It was Dr. Hayes, who made that short trip along the shore, and on his return journey, he followed the coast southwards so as to come very near to the Bache Peninsula and look into Buchanan Strait of IncLerreLp, which he took to be a sound running westwards and separating Ellesmere- and Grinnell Lands. This sound, which in fact did not exist, was named in honour of Haygs. In his own expedition in 1860-61, Hayes again visited the Grinnell Land coast and also Cape Isabella and Gale Point to the south. The Polaris expedition of 1871--1873, has made important addi- tions to a knowledge of the northern part of the Grinnell Land east coast, but still more important are those of the English expedition of 1875—76 under the command of Nares, which visited many points from Cape Sabine northwards to Floeberg Beach on the north coast, the winter quarters of the “Alert” and further to Cape Alfred Ernest. This also was the first expedition which brought home a considerable material of botanical collections and observations, especially from the neigh- bourhood of Lady Franklin Bay, where the “Discovery” wintered. Here also, the United States’ expedition, under the command of GreELy worked in 1881—83, and made very considerable additions to the knowledge of the geography and natural conditions of northern Grinnell Land. Peary, who wintered at Cape Hawks 1898—99, has made some corrections in the map of the adjacent regions and has also gone overland to the west coast. Finally the Hayes Sound region and the south and west coasts have been examined by the Sverprup expedition in 1898—1900. The different parts of the land have been differently named by their explorers, the northernmost portion is called Grant Land, the (at the time not visited) part between Greely Fjord and Cape Alfred Ernest is called Garfield Coast by Greety; south of that fjord, and down to the hypothetical Hayes Sound, we have Arthur Land; Schley Land is an equally hypothetical island in that sound; the south-eastern coast is called North Lincoln; and lastly, the western coast is called King Oscar Land by Sverprup. However it is shown, by the sledging work of Peary (1898—99) and of the Sverprup expedition, that the whole forms one great island, for which I now, following the Geographical Board of Canada (cf. Geogr. Journ. 1904, p. 230), deem it best to adopt the oldest name, Ellesmereland. 1898— 1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 5 Roughly it may be estimated at 60,000 square miles, but almost only the coast can be said to be known, even though some overland trips are also made. The most northern point, Cape Columbia, lies in 83° 8 N., the southernmost, Cape Tennyson, in 76° 8’. The northern part is the broadest, stretching from Cape Union 61° W., to Lands Lokk 92!/2 ° W. The outline of the land is very irregular, deep fjords intersecting the coasts except the northern one. Most parts of the land are high and broken, and the mountains rise to not inconsiderable heights. Only along the western coast wide stretches of low ground are to be found, but the architecture of the mountains is rather different in different parts of the land, according to the variations in the geological nature of the rocks. For information concerning the geology of the southern and weslern parts, I must refer to the preliminary report on the geology of the expedition by my late friend Mr. P. Scuger. An account of the geo- logical features of the northern region is given in the Narrative of Nargs (App. 15, Geology) by Dz Rance and Ferpen. The Hayes Sound region is built principally of archaean rocks, which as far as is known, continue along the coast southward, and as far into Jones Sound as to the west side of the Harbour Fjord. This is by far the richest ground, both in number of species and denseness of vegetation. Out of the 109 species found in the regions I have exa- mined, 22 only are found in the archaean territory, whereas 5 only are found outside it. The Cambrian and Silurian deposits are the poorest of all, therefore the flora of most parts of the coast line to the west along Jones Sound is very poor in species, and shows a stunted vege- tation. The same seems also to be the case in the Bache Peninsula and along the Grinnell Land east coast, which is formed of the same strata. The Silurian limestones especially give an extremely poor soil. Somewhat better conditions for the vegetation, prevail in the south- western part of the land, where younger deposits, devonian and car- bonian, form the ground. To these also, partly at least, is due the richer flora of the interior of Lady Franklin Bay and at Lake Hazen. The vegetation on the mesozoic and tertiary beds on the western coast, is too little known for any opinion to be formed about the conditions it affords for the plants. Considerable parts of the interior are covered with ice and nevés, but no continuous inland ice exists. The loose deposits are either formed by disintegration of the rock in situ, and at most have tumbled down in heaps at the foot of the mountains, or else they have been formed on the bottom of the sea and have afterwards become uplifted. Such is the origin of all the low land along the coast, as 6 H. G. SIMMONS. [sBC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM also the present vallies represent former fjord bottoms. No deposits worth mentioning were found, which were due to a former glaciation of greater extent, only in the immediate Vicinity of present glaciers, there might be a small area which appeared to have been once ice-covered. Doubtless the small extent of glaciation at the present time, stands in connection with the very small amount of precipitation, concerning which I have given some notes in my Zusam. Meteor. in SverpRrup, Neues Land. The knowledge we possess about the flora and vegetation of the land, comprises, almost without exception, only the coasts, the inland trips generally having been made at a season, when no considerable collections could be made; and of the coasts even, only some portion may be said to he comparatively well known from a botanical point of view. The description given by GreeLy of the vegetation in the Lake Hazen Valley implies, that there would probably be an interesting field for botanists, and, as there are also in other parts of the Jand doubt- less large tracts affording favorable conditions for vegetation, inland trips during the summer would certainly well repay the pains with a rich botanical harvest. But our expedition was not equipped for such travelling. The first contribution to the Ellesmereland flora is to be found in OsBorn’s Stray Leaves, p. 244, where “poppies, saxifrage and moss” are mentioned as found on Cone Island, and where it is also said about the vegetation in that region, that it is much better developed than in Cornwallis Island to the south-west (on limestone ground). Specimens were brought on board, but I do not know if they were preserved. The next small contribution is given by Duranp (Enum. Pl. Smith S.), where however, only 9 species from Cape Isabella and the adjacent Gale Point are mentioned as collected there by Hayzs in 1861. Haves himself only casually speaks of mosses, poppies, etc. from that locality, but in the narrative of his spring journey to Grinnell Land, he has mentioned Saxifraga oppositifolia, Salix arctica, and Festuca ovina from Cape Frazer (Op. Pol. Sea, p. 341). The botanical results of the Nares-expedition which, as already mentioned were considerably greater, were published in appendices to the Narrative of the expedition in 1878, and in 1880 the botanist of the expedition Mr. Hart has himself, in the Journal of the Botany, published an account of the botanical observations made by himself, Captain Fempen, Dr. Moss and other members of the expedition. The contribu- lions to our knowledge of the flora of the land laid down in those trea- 1898— 1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 7 tises, are of a very great interest. There are, however, especially per- haps in the lastmentioned, not a few errors in the identification of species, and doubtless, specimens from Danish Greenland have become mixed with those of Ellesmereland, so as to give rise to several false statements of distribution. As I have had an opportunity of seeing the specimens of Hart, Fertpen, and others, now kept in the herbaria of the Natural History Museum at London and at Kew Gardens, I have been able to correct several errors, as will appear in the treatment of the different species. I very much regret not to have had any opportunity of inspecting the American collections. The most important of these is that of the GrEELy-expedition, made at the greatest part at Fort Conger in Lady Franklin Bay and in its vicinity. The main collection of the expedi- tion had necessarily to be left behind when the retreat southwards began, and only GrreELy’s “private collection” was transported to Smith Sound and thence home. Where the specimens have come to anchor I do not know, but the vascular plants are treated by Greety himself in the Appendix 130, Botany of the Report of the expedition; Asa Gray, S. Watson and G. Vasey, however, have assisted him in the identifica- tion of the species. Moreover there is a list of mosses and lichens by Rev. E. Lesanert and A. W. Greety and some lists of specimens in the collections. In his “Three Years of Arctic Service’ GREELY also gives the list of plants with a few additional notes. Later contributions are to be found in WeTHERILL, List 1894, where the collections of the Peary Auxiliary Expedition of that year are treated, containing a few plants from Cape Faraday and a greater number from “north side of Jones Sound”, viz., the neighbourhood of Smith and Cone Islands at the mouth of Fram Fjord, where a landing was made. Fur- ther I have named a few species new to Ellesmereland or, at least to the southern parts of it in my Prel. Rep. and in the botanical appendix to SverpRup’s Neues Land.1 Lastly Mr. Tx. Hotm of Brookland, D. C. has kindly sent me a list of plants collected by the American geologist Dr. Stern in the Smith Sound region. A few of them taken in Ellesmereland, will be men- tioned in the following, the rest will be inserted in another paper about the flora of North-Western Greenland which I am to prepare soon. 1 As I have only seen proof-sheets of the English edition, of which the editor has not thought it necessary to send me any copy, I must always refer to the German one, the editor of which, Mr. F. A. Brocxuaus, has kindly sent me copies. 8 H. G. SIMMONS. (SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Thus I think Ellesmereland may be looked upon as being the best explored of all the Arctic American Islands; but yet large parts of it form, from a botanical point of view at least, an entire terra incognita, and as I could sometimes find a new Ellesmereland citizen in places which I was inclined to regard as well explored, and as several species are only found in an isolated locality, I think many further additions will be made when another botanist comes to visit the land. The best known districts now are the neighbourhood of Discovery Harbour in Lady Franklin Bay, the outer part of Hayes Sound (Buchanan Strait), the environs of Fram Harbour, and in the south coast Fram Fjord, Har- bour Fjord and Goose Fjord. The east coast south of Cape Isabella, the eastern part of the south coast and the greater parts of the western and northern coasts are almost totally unknown. A list of all points whence collections or notes of species exist, is inserted on p. 16, where also the approximate position of each locality is given. The reader will perhaps be astonished not to find any notes about the height above the sea-level to which the different species attain. At first I began making notes about it, but soon I came to the conclusion that it was of no interest. The height is of very little consequence, perhaps of none at all, in these regions. Indeed the higher plants were most abundant in the low-lying grounds or, rather in the slopes at the foot of the mountains, but their diminishing number and more stunted growth, such as could be observed in many places when one went up the mountain sides, was not due to the higher level, but to the decrea- sing depth of loose soil and often to the lesser water-supply. Where there was enough soil, and where some water trickled down even during the summer, after the melting of the main mass of winter-snow was over, there also vegetation would be found, which was not inferior to that of lower levels. Indeed, the richest vegetation, both as to density, development of the plants and numbers of species, was always found in slopes some hundred feet above the sea-level. Even at heights of a thousand feet or more, there would be a flourishing vegetation, if only the other conditions were favorable. In few places have I seen such tall grasses as in the plateau of the peninsula between the Goose Fjord and the Walrus Fjord, at a height of more than 1000 feet, and often, when after climbing a steep slope of some hundred or a thousand feet which was very bare except for mosses and lichens, one arrived at a ledge or plateau, one would find a vegetation which was not any poorer than that near the sea, In fact two circumstances are decisive, the 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 9 water supply during the time of vegetation, and the exposure. South- ward slopes with water enough, always held the best developed vege- tation. The system followed in the special treatment of the Ellesmereland plants is that of Encrer & Pranri, Planzenfam. The order of the families is reversed, because I had to begin with the vascular plants, the lower cryptogamae will follow in other papers. In many cases, rather wide limits have been drawn for the species; it may be, that sometimes they are even too wide, but I have thought it better to use a collective species name than to separate as species forms which I could not with certainty look upon as constant. Indeed I do not doubt that in several genera there are such collective species, that will some time or other be separated into several species of a narrower limit. But for that a closer study is necessary than that which I could bestow upon them when working in the field, and to make such a separation in a number of herbarium specimens I do not think is advisable. In many cases, I think experimental culture such as is possible only in an arctic biological station will be required before a definite treatment is possible. As for the synonymic, I have always tried to go back to the oldest work in which the plant in question is described. Besides I have quoted the principal synoptic floristic works about different parts of the Arctic Regions, papers including the new additions to a district, or treating the distinction or synonymic of the species in question. Under “occurrence” are mentioned all places where the plant is collected (with the numbers from my catalogue of collections added, which will be used in the labels of the specimens) or noted. For very common species no special loca- lities are recorded. As for the collections of others, “!” signifies that I have seen specimens. The Ellesmereland flora as it is known at present, includes 115 vascular plants; 10 species more I have taken up in the list as doubt- ful even though I should have been most inclined, for reasons stated in each case, to exclude them altogether; however I have not thought myself entitled to do so, as I have had no opportunity of proving that a mistake has been made. In many other cases, I have seen the speci- mens which have given rise to a wrong statement and have put the plant in its right place. The 115 species belong to the following families represented by the numbers of species added: 10 H. G. SIMMONS. |SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Compositae 7 Cruciferae . 18 Campanulaceae . 1 Papaveraceae . . .... 1 Scrophulariaceae 4 Ranunculaceae. . . . . Plumbaginaceae 1 Caryophyllaceae . . . . . 10 Primulaceae . Hacer See Sh Polygonaceae 2 Diapensiaceae . ..... f Salicaceae. 1 Ericaceae . 2 Juncaceae . ieee wo 8 Pyrolaceae 1 Cyperaceae . . .... . 15 Onagraceae 1 Gramineae . . .... . 20 Empetraceae . 1 Lycopodiaceae 1 Rosaceae . 5 Equiselaceae . 2 Saxifragaceae . . . . . . 12 Polypodiaceae 4 The genera represented by the largest number of species are Carex and Sawifraga (11), Ranunculus (6), Draba and Poa (5), Pedicularis, Potentilla and Glyceria (4). Only two genera, Androsace and Chrysosplenium are not present in Greenland, and only two more species are totally absent from all parts of that country, viz. Alsine Rossii and Carex membranopacta (and besides the new Taraxacum pumilum and Poa evagans). This ought of course to bear out the opinion of Hooxer (App. Nares) that the flora of Ellesmereland is entirely Greenlandic; even after the number of species has been brought up from the 69 he reckoned with to 115, still the resemblance to the Greenland flora might seem to be almost unaltered. Even at the first glance it must seem astounding that, if a limit between a European flora in Greenland and an American one to the west can be drawn at all, the line should not follow the border of Greenland but should make such a deflection as to include Ellesmere- land and to exclude it from the other Arctic Islands. Indeed it would seem a priori more probable, that its affinity with the flora of the Arctic American Archipelago was at least equally prominent. Now it must be kept in mind, that the archipelago includes a considerable area and stretches as far south as about 62° (Baffin Land) in the eastern part, and about 68° (Victoria Land) in the western part. When the species belonging only to those southern localities are excluded, as they must of course be for the sake of a comparison which shall not be quite unnatural, it will be found that the flora lists are nearly identical. I cannot at present give any such list or any number of species for the Arctic Islands as a revision of their flora must first be made, but this much I know about it, that I can assert that the Ellesmereland flora is very 1898 - 1902. No. 2.]_ VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 11 nearly — and nearest — allied to that of those other islands (except the southern). But still the opinion of Hooxer holds true if it is only altered in so far as the comparison is not made with the flora of Greenland as a whole, but with that of the northern parts and especially of the region which lies nearest to Ellesmereland — north-western Greenland. It would lead too far here to go into the question of the history of the Greenland flora which has been made the subject of quite a literature, it may suffice to accentuate the fact, that the Greenland flora is no unity, there are great differences in the communities of species belonging to the different parts, which clearly show that an immigration from different quarters must have taken place in post-glacial times, and the region north of Melville Bay especially, has a number of american immigrants large enough to show that here the influence of the near neighbourhood to the american flora has been considerable, i. e. the invasion of american species — from Ellesmereland — has put a con- spicuous mark upon the flora of that region. But before this fact can be clearly shown, it is necessary to make a division of the Ellesmereland flora and thereby show its truly american character, and first of all, the distribution of the species within the area itself must be examined. Of the 115 Ellesmereland species 58 (50 °/o) are spread all over the land (the little-explored western coast is here left out of consideration), and of these again 50 are circumpolar species spread in most parts of the Arctic Regions or besides also to the south. Of the 8 others, most are western species with their principal area in America—Greenland; 13 species are found only in the southern coast, 13 more there and in the Hayes Sound region of the east coast; 10 in the latter region alone, 3 there and to the north, 6 are found in the northern parts alone. To the first group, the species spread in all parts of the land, probably also the now first distinguished Draba sub- capitata belongs. Of special interest is a group of 11 species found both in the northern as well in the southern, especially the south-western part of the land, but not in the Hayes Sound territory. Some of them are rather common in the regions where they are found, and their ab- sence from the middle part of the eastern coast, where the natural conditions would doubtless be quite favorable to them, can hardly be accounted for in any other way than that they have immigrated from the south-west, where they are spread (except for the new species Taraxacum pumilum ?), and that they have in their wandering along the coast not yet reached Hayes Sound. The conditions for spreading 12 HG. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM overland to that district from the west coast are very unfavorable. Among these last-mentioned 11 species, there are 3 not found in Greenland, and the others there are generally restricted to the northern parts. Now I think that a comparison with the flora of north-western Greenland may be undertaken, in order to see how far the affinity goes, and if it holds true that this flora as well as that of Ellesmereland may be called entirely Greenlandic and not American. Indeed it would have been very desirable to have at hand, for this comparison, a revised list of the flora of the north-western part of Greenland, but as I have not yet had the time to make up such a list, as I intend to do, the com- paring must be done without it. Natuorst, N. W. Grénl, gives a list of 88 species, but by the additions since made by Meenan, WETHERILL, and myself, the number of species has been brought up to about the same as that in Ellesmereland. In the Ellesmereland flora there are 72 species (63 °%o) which are circumpolar plants spread all over the Arctic Regions and partly out- side them also. Nearly every one of them is found in north-western Greenland also, and consequently the percentage of such species may be taken to be the same there as on the American side of the boun- dary formed by Smith Sound, Kane Basin, Kennedy and Robson Chan- nels. As it is hardly possible to say anything about the former home of these plants and their ways of migration, most of them must be left entirely out of consideration. Five more species, Campanula uniflora, Potentilla pulchella, Saxifraga aizoides, Carex glareosa, C. nardina, may be added to these as circumpolar; even if they have not yet been recorded from Arctic Siberia (or from Asia at all), they are probably overlooked there. Pedicularis lanata, absent from East Greenland, is one of the species in the last group of eleven species (p. 11) and is spread in Western Greenland from the north to 67°; doubtless it has reached there by way of Ellesmereland. Saaifraga Hirculus in the south coast of Ellesmereland, must be an immigrant from the western islands, in Greenland where it is only found in the northern part of the east coast, it probably has immigrated from the south-east. Arenaria ciliata, Carex ustulata, and C. ursina are of very sporadic occurrence in the Arctic Regions, but the two latter have most probably come to Ellesmereland from the American side, none of them are found in north- western Greenland. The occurrence of Carex pedata and Agropyrum violaceum is rather curious, as they are found nowhere in the arctic islands and in Greenland only further south, There are in North-western Greenland at least four species of a 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 13 decidedly american origin, all found in Ellesmereland but not spread to the south in Greenland; these are Pedicularis capitata, P. arctica, Ranunculus Sabinei, Taraxacum hyparcticum to which may be added: Potentilla Vahliana (south to 69°), Arabis arenicola (all over West Greenland), Hesperis Pallasii (spread from America through Arctic Asia to Novaja Semlja, but absent in East Greenland and Spits- bergen), Aspidium fragrans (it has probably come to its South Green- land area by some other way than from Ellesmereland). Species that have immigrated by way of Ellesmereland but have spread also to North-eastern Greenland are: Potentilla rubricaulis, Saxifraga tri- cuspidata (in West Greenland south to 64°), Lesquerella arctica (west coast to 69°), Hrigeron compositus and Dryas integrifolia (all over the west coast), Plewropogon Sabinei (although occurring even in Arctic Asia, Novaja Semlja and Franz Joseph Land). Poa abbreviata is a common arctic American plant, spread in Greenland in both coasts south to 70°; although it is found in Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land and Novaja Semlja, it must be assumed to be an immigrant from the west; the same is the case with Aira caespitosa var. arctica, although as yet only known from the northern east coast. Kobresia bipartita and Dupontia Fisheri are not yet found in North-western Greenland, but as the former, which is absent from the whole of Arctic Asia and Europe, is found only north of 64° in the west, and of 71° in the east coast of Greenland, and the latter only within a limited area of Danish Greenland, they must be regarded as western species. Aira flexuosa is not as yet known from other arctic localities in America and might possibly be an eastern immigrant, but as it is found in Labrador it has most probably come that way to Greenland, even if it may have come to Ellesmereland from the south-east, that is to say from Greenland. The Ellesmereland species not found in Greenland and of a deci- dedly american origin are: Androsace septentrionalis, Chrysosplenium alternifolium (representing genera lacking in Greenland), Alsine Rossii, Carex membranopacta. Among the 72 circumpolar species there are four, the Greenland distribution of which is such, as to make their western immigration thither probable, viz.: Sawxifraga flagellaris, Braya purpurascens, Eutrema Edwardsi, Ranunculus affinis. Finally, the distribution of the following species is too little known as yet for any opinion to be formed about their original home and ways of migration : Taraxacum phymatocarpum, T. pumilum, Saxifraga * exaratoides, Draba subcapitata, Sagina intermedia, Glyceria Vahliana, G. an- gustata, Poa evagans. 14 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM The result of the preceding, may be summarized thus: There are 29 species (25 °/o) in the Ellesmereland flora, which can hardly have come but from the west, consequently there is a strongly pronounced american feature in the flora of the island. But as most of these plants are also found in the northern part of the Greenland west-coast, there also the american immigration forms a prevalent feature. And also in the flora of the north-eastern Greenland coast, the american species play a prominent part. The 29 species are the following (occurrence in West Greenland marked with * and as well in North-East Greenland with **): * Taraxacum hyparcticum. * Eutrema Edwardsi. ** Erigeron compositus. ** Lesquerella arctica. * Pedicularis capitata. ** Ranunculus affinis. * — lanata. * — Sabinei. ‘i — arctica. * Arenaria ciliata. Androsace septentrionalis. Alsine Rossii. ** Dryas integrifolia. Carex membranopacta. ** Potentilla rubricaulis. * — ustulata. * — Vahliana. * — — ursina. Chrysosplenium alternifolium. ** Kobresia bipartita. Saxifraga Hirculus. ** Poa abbreviata. re — flagellaris. * Dupontia Fisheri. ae -—— __ tricuspidata. ** Pleuropogon Sabinei. * Hesperis Pallasu. * Aspidium fragrans. ** Braya purpurascens. With this, the short sketch of the affinity of the Ellesmereland flora must end for the present, I hope to give it a more detailed treat- ment in future, but I have felt that such a review would be in its right place here, and therefore I have compiled it in such a way as the materials at hand would allow. Finally I have to make acknowledgements to all those who have, in some way or another, helped to forward my work. Some of my comrades in the expedition, contributed materially to the collections and observations; among whom I have especially to mention my dear friend, the late Mr. Scuet, geologist of the expedition, whose premature death has been a heavy loss for the working out of the results of the expedi- tion. Mr. Scuer made many contributions to the botanical investigation of Ellesmereland and especially, as will appear in another paper, to that of adjacent islands where I have not myself been. 1898— 1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 15 I owe a great debt of gratitude to the Keeper of the herbarium at the Royal Gardens at Kew, Mr. Hemstey, and to the first Assistant Dr. Srapr, as also to the Assistants at the Botanical Department of the Natural History Museum of London, Messrs Brrrren, Baker and Renpte, who all, with the greatest good will, facilitated my work when I was studying the important collections from the English arctic expeditions with their treasure of original specimens of the species established by Ros. Brown, Ricuarpson, W. J. Hooxer, and others. To the Secretary of the Linnaean Society, Mr. B. Daypon Jackson I tender my sincerest thank for his kindness in letting me examine some species of importance for my work in the herbaria of Linnagus and J. E. Smirx, and also some small, but interesting, arctic collections be- longing to the Society. Further I am greatly indebted to Professor Warmine, who put at my disposal the rich arctic herbarium of the Museum of the Uni- versity at Copenhagen, and to my old friend Inspector OsTEnreLp, the author of the Flora Arctica, who was always willing to let me profit by his comprehensive knowledge of literature concerning arctic plants, during the long time in which I was occupied comparing my material with the Copenhagen collections. To the Director of the Botanical Department of the State Museum at Stockholm, Professor Linpman, I am indebted for the loan of some inportant plants from that Museum, and my old and honoured friend, Professor Norpstept of Lund has now, as in so many previous in- stances, helped me in procuring literature and in other ways. I have to thank my friend, Professor Murseck of Lund, not only for some valuable hints for this work, but also for all that I have learnt from him in systematic botany in bygone years. To my friend, Professor Wue of Kristiania, I am indebted on many grounds, and now as well for the trouble he has, as Editor of the “Report”, taken in getting this treatise printed. Finally I have to acknowledge my debt of gratitude to Mrs. E. Fearensipg, who has kindly revised the English, and to Miss L. Bercxuint, who has made the drawings and photographs for the present paper, and to Mr. Roperr Larsson, who has helped me to read the proofs. Lund, Sweden. March 1906. 16 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM List of Ellesmereland localities, with their approximate geographical position. North coast: Lat. N. Long W. Cape Alewendr. 6 4-9 wie we «a yo Beh oF te Ward Hunt Island « « 2 2. « 2 4 < « 838°-5" 73° James Ross Bay. . . . 2. . . 1. . 82°44 64°30 Cape Joseph Henry. . . . . . . . . 82°48’ 63°30! Feilden Peninsula . . . . . . . . . 89°49’—48' 63°30’ Egerton Valley . . . . . . . . . . 89°40! 63° Dumbbell Bay « « 5 « + = » w & « 8208! 62° Plopher# Beaeh «a: 5 & 3 we Ge 2 w BOB" 61° Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay . . . . .. . . . 81°50 63°30 Carimel Point; 2 «= « ¢ » « © « ~ Gp’ 63° St. Patvick’s Bay... . 2 « 1. « « « « SIMs’ 64° Lady Franklin Bay Water Course Bay . . . . . . . . 81°42’ 64°30/ Bellot Island 2% «4 o-@ » 2 «2 BLS’ 65° Alexandra Lake . . . . . . . . . 81°44 65°30° Discovery Harbour . . . . . . . . 81°43’ 65°30’ Muskox Bay . «2 « « @ wo « « SAY 66°30! Lake Hazen . . ....... . . 81°83’—58’ 68°—73° Radmore Harbour «© « . « a 6 « » « 80°92’ 70°30 Cape Collinson 2 2 1. + 2 ee ee » BOD role Cape Frazer .-y 3s «ee we a yf w T9bo 71°30 Dobbin: Bay. voe wow eos wa « FO 73° Princess Marie Bay. . . . . . . . . 79°20’ 74 —718° Norman Lockyer Island . . . . . . 79°28’ 74°30 (Walrus Island) Franklin Pearce Bay . . . . . .-. 79°98" 75° Vietotia Head. 5 = ecm we « oe FOL 73°30 1898—1902. No. 2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 17 Hayes Sound Region: Lat. N. Long. W. — Interior of Hayes Sound Mouth of Flagler Fjord. . . . . . . 79 4 76°30’ Port: Jmliane «4 04 @).e ce alae ey TP 7? Bettstad Fjord): 4 « «0 2 & & & « « JP 2! 77°30'—79° Weyprecht Islands . . . . 2. 1. 1 7% 76°30’ Alexandra Fjord . 2. . . 2...) . . 78°48’—57’ 75°50’ —76°50° Skraling Island . 2... . 1... 78°53! 75°50’ Twin Glacier Valley. . . . . 78°45'—50' 76° Buchanan Strait (outer part of Hayes Sousa) 78°50! 75° —76° Cape Viele . . . 2... 78°58" 75°50" Eskimopolis (Dedentéd Village) ay: ge GEO 75°30 Lastraea Valley ©... . . . . . . 78°52’ 75°30’ Cape Rutherford . . 2. . 2. . . 78°49" 73° Fram Harbour « 2. @ « « «0 e « Fao 75° Cocked Hat Island . . . . . . . . . 78°48’ 74°50 Bedford Pim Island. . . . . . . . . 78°42'—47' 74°25’—50° Cape Sabine eo. xe 3 ge & Se OR 74°25' Brevoort Island . . . . 1... « . 78°48" 74°20' Southern East Coast: Cape Isabella. 2. 2. 6. ee ee 78°20/ 73° Gale Point. . . . . eee ee 78748" 76° Cape Faraday. . . . «© se + 6 + + TPS5 73° South Coast: Fram Fjord 2 « 2% #0) sos = #4 76°20’—25’ 81°—81°30° Cont iad: .2.¢-s6.o-@ @-4<. ase 81°30 Harbour Fjord . . . 6 ee ee es 76°25/—40’ 84°20’ — 45 Big Valley a4 x 2 a eye ee es 76°28’ 84°20' Seagull Rock . 2 2-2 ee tes 76°28" 84°30" Spade Point. «a ene OY 76°28’ 84°32" Anchorage of the “Fram”. . . - + - 76°30! 84°30! Lake Valley. <2. 4 2-9 # se 4 76°30' 84°25’ Barren Vallies. . . - - + s+ + + 76°37’ 84°95/ Sir Inglis Peak . - - + + + es: 76°25'—32' 84°40! Western Sound . ..- + + + + + 76°30° 84°45/ 2 18 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Lat. N. Long. W. South Cape Fjord . . . 2. . 1.) . . 76°25’—37’ 85° Bouth Capes «< «6 2 « » «© = « « « TORY 84°50" Muskox Fjord. . . . . . . . . . . 76°20'—38' = 87°40° Goose Fjord . . . . 1. we. . 76°28’—51% 88°40! Castle Rock. . . . . . . . . «76°87! 88°40’ Valley inside the Castle . . . . . . 76°39’ 88°40’ Ath quarters. . . . . . . . . « « 76°40’ 88°40’ Wolk Valley «eae ws 6 ae & FOU 88°40’ Yellow Hill. . . 2... . «76°49! 88°40’ Midday Knoll . . 2. 2... 1. 1. 70°44 88°45‘ Bottom Valley. . . . . . . . . . 76°53’ 88°40’ Gallows Point. . . . ... . . . 76°50’ 88°40’ 3rd quarters . . . . . 1. 1 1. 76°49! 88°40’ Ptarmigan Gorge. . . . . . 76°48’ 88°40’ Low land over to the bottom aE Waleas Fjords << @ « 4 = * «8 = = « « 7OSB! 88°45‘ Faleon Cliff. . . . . ... . . . 76°29 88°40’ Gull Cove . . . 2... we 76°98! 88°45/ Walrus Fjord. . . . . 1...) 76°28’—37' = 88°50’ West Coast: Hell Gate . . . 2...) 76°28’—50’ —89°20° Reindeer Cove. . . . . . . . . «76°49! 89°15! Lands End. ........ . . . 76°59’ 89°30’ Nordstrand. . ....... . . . 76°58’ 89° Misiod es: o.) SUe Se wae oe ee EP 87° Baumann Fjord . . . . . . 2. . . 77°20’—78° 83°—88° Weal (Bae. 2. a. cia, @eaoign & ee ot PR 83°30’ Braskerud Plain. . ..... . . . 78°30’ 82°30’ Day Honk aos. eae Se ae Be 82°—85° 1898—1902 No. 2] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 19 90° 80° SKETCH MAP OF ELLESMERELAND , 78! 180 [a 2 x 4 Is re o ‘" pin o 8 aford Cow \cae\sien? 79 wo ) uu e = 7 76" 77" 7) 2 Lands End “ 73 = 5 z : ee E >. ‘B , | 3 4 AB i . } S = E + <9 a in “& cco a) ws N. DEVON lide x EC 90° 85° 80° 75" 20 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM The species of vascular plants hitherto found in Hllesmereland. Compositae. Taraxacum hyparcticum, Dautst. T. hyparcticum, Dantsrept, Stud. arkt. Tarax., 1905; 7. pkymatocarpum, Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb., ex p., non Vani; T. Dens-Leonis, Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; Z. officinale var. pallida, Grey, Rep., ex p.; Leontodon palustre, Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer. (?). Fig. Dauzstept, |. c.; Tab. nostra 1, fig. 1. At first [ thought all my Taraxaca to be referable to T. phyma- tocarpum, Vani, which therefore was quoted in my Prel. Rep., but afterwards I found that I had two species from Ellesmereland besides one other from N. W. Greenland. In the mean time, however, Mr. H. Daut- stepT, Assistant at the State Museum in Stockholm, the well-known Hieracium-specialist, had begun a comparative study of the arctic forms of Taraxacum, and as he wished to see my collection, it was sub- mitted to his inspection, with the result, that he arrived at the conclusion, that most part of the collection from Ellesmereland was to be referred to an allied new species, T. hyparcticum, whereas the true 7. phymatocarpum was only represented by a single individual. Besides he found still another new species. The two latter I had thought to belong to the real T. phymatocarpum. As Dautstent, |. c., has given a detailed diagnosis of the different species, it may be enough here to refer to his paper. The above list of synonyms could perhaps be increased by some more references, but, as the statements in literature are always referable to several species at a time, I have refrained from doing so. T. hyparcticum is mostly found in rock-ledges and slopes with a rich, densely vegetation-clad soil, sometimes also in the clay-plains of valley bottoms. It begins to show its flowers at the end of June or beginning of July, and soon is to be found with fruit in abundance. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (specimens of Hart and Ferpen in the Nat. Hist. Museum !). East Coast: Hayes Sound, mouth of Flagler Fjord, Beitstad Fjord, Skraling Island in Alexandra 1898—1902. No.2.]| VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 21 Fjord; Fram Harbour (1086); Cocked Hat Island; Bedford Pim Island, south side (1188). Southern coast: Western valley in Fram Fjord (1627); Harbour Fjord, in several places (2557, 2582); more scarce and stunted to the westward in the lime and sandstone regions: Muskox Fjord (2118, 2136); Goose Fjord, in several localities (3582, 3645, 3955). Western coast: Coal Bay in Baumann Fjord, Bay Fjord (leg. Bay, 479). Distribution: Northwestern Greenland (Foulke Fjord), probably over the western islands of the Arctic American Archipelago and the arctic coast of the continent. I have seen specimens that seemed to belong to this species, from Duckett Cove (Parry, 2nd voyage), Parry, 3rd voyage (Port Barrow?), and some collected by Rar on the coast at the Coppermine River and at Cape Krusenstern. Taraxacum phymatocarpum, J. Vauu. T. phymatocarpum, Vaut, Fl. Dan., T. 2298, 1840; Dantstepr, Stud. arkt. Tarax.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl., ex p.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl., ex p.; non Kseuiman, in Vegaexp.; nec Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kiirlv.; nec alii; T. offici- nale, Natnorst, N. W. Gronl., ex p. Fig. Fl. Dan., T, 2298; Dauustepr, 1. ¢. This species seems to have a very narrow range, as it is found, outside of Greenland, only in Ellesmereland, all other statements being transferred by Danistepr to other species (cf. |. ¢., p. 8), especially T. arcticum, (Trautv.) Dautst. Among my Taraxaca, it was represented only by a single indivi- dual, collected together with a few specimens of the following species on a clayey slope at the interior part of the Goose Fjord, August 13th 1901, when the plants had just begun to flower. Occurrence. South coast, at Ptarmigan Gorge in the Goose Fjord (4265)'. Distribution: Greenland, northern parts of both coasts; Elles- mereland. Taraxacum pumilum, Dautst. T. pumilum, DaxnustevT, Stud. arkt. Tarax., 1905; 7. Dens-Leonis, Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; I. officinale var. pallida, Greey, Rep., ex p. Fig. Dauustept, I. ¢.; Tab. nostra 1, fig. 2. This very characteristic little plant I had taken to be the true T. phy- matocarpum, principally as it had developed pollen, in contradistinction to the common Ellesmereland form. Dauntstept, however, has shown it to be distinct from that also. 1 | have given it a number of its own and removed it from n. 3394 where it lay previously (not under 3392 as Dautstepr, lc, p. 24, erroneously writes). 22 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM Judging from available herbarium specimens it must be a very rare form, limited entirely to Ellesmereland or perhaps also spread to the south west. Indeed, I cannot affirm that other specimens than those mentioned by Dautstept, |. c., p. 27, belong to it, as the other specimens that I am inclined to refer to it, were inarather bad state. Such was the case especially with the specimen of FrrLpen, mentioned below, which I take to belong here only because it had the characteristic leaves of T. pumilum. Dautstept, |. c., p. 28, thinks the stunted form of T. Dens-Leonis, that Hart, |. c., p. 33, speaks of as frequent in Dis- covery Bay, to be this species, which is the more probable as GREELY, lc, p. 14, says under 7. officinale var. pallida: “There were two shades of colour, deep yellow, and yellowish white”. The latter doubt- less is T. hyparcticum, but the former accords best with T. pumilum. All the species of the phymatocarpum-group must be presumed to be of a very late origin, because of their existence only within rather limited areas, mostly inside the line of former glaciation, but among the forms here in question T. pumilum may be taken to be the youngest, as its area seems to be even smaller than that of the others. Occurrence. North Coast: Dumbbell Harbour, leg. Fremtpen (Nat. Hist. Museum herb.!). East Coast: Discovery Harbour, Hart, GREELY (?) South Coast: Goose Fjord (3394, cf. note p. 21). Distribution: Arctic American Archipelago: Ellesmereland, Mel- ville Island (I must refer hither a specimen in the Nat. Hist. Mus., col- lected by Sainz). That 7. pumilum should have come to Ellesmere- land from the west is made probable by its appearence in the northern part of the land as well as in the south-western part, whereas it is doubtless lacking in the Hayes Sound region, where I could hardly have overlooked it, as the shape of its leaves ‘is so different from that of the common form. Arnica alpina, (L.) Oun. A. alpina, Out, Diss. Arn., 1799; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Narnorst, N, W. Grénl.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; AN- persson & Hessian, Spetsb. kirly.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. FI. (ex p.?); Sim- mons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; A. montana 8 alpina, Linnnaus, Sp. plant., 1753; A. montana 8 angustifolia, Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer., non Dusy: A. angustifolia, Vani, Fl. Dan., T. 1524; A. montana, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greezy, Rep. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 699; Fl. Dan., T, 1524. The Ellesmereland plant is in accord with specimens from Green- land and Scandinavia, ete, As a rule, each individual had only one Taf.1. the Second Norweg. Arct. Exped. in the Fram 1898-1902. Ne 4. Rep. of Gen. Stab. Lit. Anst.Stockt. Luster. ea 8 op) ae ic.e) ep) ee a i= od i £ a § iy E &. & ® S S Ljustr. Gen. Stab. Lit Anst.Stocki.. Ekbiom deél. Hy) a Ul Rep. of the Second Norwes. Arct. Exped. in the Fram 1898-1902. N14. j Tjuste. Gen. Stab. Lit. Anst. Stockh. 1902 juste. Gen. Stab. Lit. Anst. Stockh. Rep. of the second Norweg. Arct. Exped im the Fram 1898-1902. Ne1. juste. Gen. Stab. Lit. Anst. Stock. Be, 24. Arct. Exped. in the Fram. 1898-1902. N! orwes. Rep. of fhe Second N Lusi Gen. Stab. Lit-Anst. Stockh. TREKbiom ae. 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 23 head, some, however, had one or two additional ones from the axils of the upper stemleaves. Aug. 8th, 1900, both specimens in full flower as well as such as had already ceased to flower, were found on open, sunny, grass-clad ledges of rock; in the shade of an adjacent gully, the plant still stood in bud. As I had no occasion to revisit the only place where I found this species, I have had no opportunity to note if it de- velops its fruits. The Nares-expedition only gathered the leaves of it on Bellot Island; GreEeLy, however, notes the flowers of it as early as June 27th, but observes that it flowered late near the sea. Grows mostly on grassy rock ledges, also in clay soil. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Bellot Island in Lady Franklin Bay (leg. Fettpen), Hart; from the coast to 1500 feet, GrrELy. Southern coast: Harbour Fjord, ledges of*the Seagull Rock (2585). Distribution: Northeastern Greenland, West Greenland from Foulkefjord, 78° 20’ southwards to 64° 10’, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Canada(?), Rocky Mountains(?), Unalaschka, Arctic Asia from the land of the Chukches to the Gyda tundra, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia. From Alaska, Rocky Montains, and other more southern localities, I have, especially in the herbarium of the Nat. Hist. Mus., seen several specimens, determined as A. alpina, but certainly not belonging to the common arctic form. Perhaps it is only a variety of it, but I should be more inclined to think that there is an underscribed species distri- buted in those regions. In Drcanpotxz, Prodr. VI, p. 317, also under A. angustifolia, Vani the following observation is to be found: “Folia specim. Groenlandicorum integerrima, sinus Laurentii denticulata, duas forte species indicant”. The specimens from southern latitudes are dist- inguished not only by the dentate leaves, but also by a feebler villosity, especially of the bracts of the involucre, broader rays, long-petiolate leaves and by a coarser rhizome. I have seen no specimens intermediate between A. alpina and A. montana, L. that could warrant its being placed as a variety under the latter species. Antennaria alpina, (L.) GaERtn. A. alpina, Garrryer, Fruct. et sem. plant., 1791; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvse, List E. Greenl.; Narsorst, N. W. Grénl.; R. Brown, Chlor. Melv.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Barrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb. ; Ksrtiman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Gnaphalium alpinum, Linnazus, Sp. plant., 1753. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2786, 24. H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Found only June 6th, 1899 with stems of last year.” The fruit seemed hardly to have been developed. Grew in somewhat boggy, shallow soil on the surface on top of a rock, about 200 feet above sea-level. Occurrence. Eastern coast: Hayes Sound, on a promontory at the mouth of Flagler Fjord (490). Distribution: East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Arctic Asia, Altai a. 0. mountains, Arctic Russia, Northern Scandinavia, the Alps, Iceland. Erigeron uniflorus, L. E. uniflorus, Lamas, Sp. plant., 1753; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusz, List E, Greenl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Harz, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; Lepzsour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hesset- man, Spetsb. karly. As I did not find this species either on the south or east coast, I have only seen some specimens collected by Hart at Discovery Har- bour. These agree with E. eriocephalus, J. Vaux, which is, however, only a variety of E. uniflorus, differing principally in the dense villo- sity of the upper part of the stem and the bracts (cf. Bertin, Karly. sv. exp. Gronl., Rosenviner, 2 Till, and Harrz, Fan. o. Karkr., p. 339 sub E. eriocephalus). Still, it is possible that GreeLy’s specimens are the principal form. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour in Lady Franklin Bay, Hart (!), GREELY. Distribution: East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Unalaschka, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Altai and other mountains, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spits- bergen, Northern Scandinavia, the Alps and other European mountains. Erigeron compositus, Pursu. E. composttus, Pursu, Fl. Amer. sept., 1814; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusz, List E. Greenl.; Hooxzr, Arct. pl. Sabine, et Fl. Bor. Amer.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; E. compositus var. trifidus, Grenty, Rep.; E. trifidus, Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; Cineraria Lewisii, Ricuarpson, App. Franklin I, Ed. IL. Fig. Hooxer, Arct. p]. Sabine, T. 18; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer., T. 120. Of this species also, I have only seen Hart’s specimens in the her- barium of the Nat. Hist. Mus. and at Kew. It was missing in the southern parts of the land; which is the more astonishing, as it seems 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 25 to be rather common in the adjacent parts of Greenland on the other side of Smith Sound. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour in Lady Franklin Bay, “common in many places”, Harr(!), GREELY. Distribution: East Greenland, Northern West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelage, Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, and down to Utah and California. Campanulaceae. Campanula uniflora, L. C. uniflora, Linnaus, Sp. plant., 1753; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Naraorst, N. W. Gronl.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Il. Fl.; Simmons, Pre]. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; ANDERSSON. & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 526; Fl. Dan., T. 1512. The Ellesmereland specimens are, as a rule, well grown and robust, attaining a height of 15 cm., with many flowering, as well as sterile, stems from the rhizome. The corolla is always shorter than the fully developed fruit, sometimes also than the ovary. The relative length of corolla and sepals is very variable; specimens with a corolla of the length of the sepals, and even shorter, are to be found, as well as such as have it longer, in some cases nearly three times as long. These seem to come near to the form that has been called C. Gieseckeana, (VEsT), which, according to DEcanpoLiE, Monogr. Camp., p. 339, and Prodr., 7, p. 482, is distinguished “corolla calyce quadruplo longiore”. According to the latest treatment of the genus Campanula, Wirasex, Beitr. Kenntn. Camp., p. 50—53, however, this name is not meant for any form of C. uni- flora, but for an arctic species, allied to C. rotundifolia, or a sub- species of the latter, comprising the arctic forms that are conveyed to that species. It seems also probable, that Vest originally had such a form in view. _ . In the Ellesmereland- and in most of the Greenland-specimens, the lobes of the corolla are glabrous. The flowering time seems to be very short, about a fortnight, after the middle of July only solitary, belated flowers are to be found among the well-developed ripe or half-ripe fruits. Grows on grassy ledges and slopes, and is therefore, as it seems, restricted to the archaean districts of the eastern and south-eastern coast, probably it is entirely missing in the lime and sandstone territory 26 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM of south-western Ellesmereland, where such localities are scarce and where it was looked for in vain. Occurrence. East coast, outer parts of the Hayes Sound district: slopes of the high land of Cape Rutherford towards the lakes (823), the “green patch” at the north side of Fram Harbour (1091). It would doubtless have been found also in the interior of Hayes Sound, had I only had any opportunities of going there later in the summer. South coast, Harbour Fjord in several places (2156, 2227, 2243, 2590). Distribution: North-eastern Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, St. Paul Island, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Scandinavian mountains, Iceland. Scrophulariaceae. Pedicularis capitata, Apams. P. capitata, Avams, Descr. plant. min. cogn., 1817; Steven, Monogr. Ped.; Lanes, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Hart, Bot. Pr. Pol. Exp.; Grerry, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksevuman, in Vega- exp.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; P. Nelsoni, R. Brown, in Ricwarpson, App. Franklin I. Fig. Hooxer, Bot. App. Parry II, T. 1, fig. 1—5. My specimens fully accord with the figures. This species differs from all other arctic Pedicularis by having a creeping rhizome. The stems have developed leaves only at the base, generally they stand single, sometimes however in denser groups, always accompanied by numerous leafy, but sterile shoots. The leaves are generally twice pin- nately divided, the bracts are more or less reduced from the shape of the vegetative leaves, in especially luxuriant specimens they also show a tendency to acquire the double pinnate lamina of the basal leaves. The flowers in a capitate cluster, generally four in individuals from marshy localities where the plant was usually found. But in individuals from dry places, they were only 1—2, as GreeLy describes the Grinnell Land plant (the figure in Brirron & Brown, |. ¢., depicts such a reduced state). The yellow flowers are pointed upwards, very large compared with the size of the plant, with a long tube and upturned lower lip. The capsule I have not seen, as the plants seems hardly to develop its fruit in Ellesmereland. . . P. capitata is placed in the group Sceptra of the Anodontae by Maximowicz (Diagn. plant. as., p. 83), but Bunce in Lepgsour, |. c., who has placed P. Sceptrum carolinum, L. in a sub-genus Sceptrum, puts 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 27 P. capitata in a group Macranthae. Doubtless the section Anodontae of Maximowicz is very heterogeneous, the Sceptra and Acaules at least should be removed from it, but it is rather difficult to say if P. capt- tata should be united with P. Sceptrum in the same section, sub-genus, or genus. The shape of the flower indeed supports such an arrange- ment, but there is perhaps too great a difference in the form of the cap- sule, which also yields a prominent character of the genus Sceptrum, (Rups.) Hartm. The capsule of Sceptrum is almost spherical (as also in P. acaulis, Wutr.), but it seems perhaps not to be so in P. capi- tata as far as can be judged by the descriptions of Bunce in Lrpr- Bour, l. c. P. capitata grows chiefly in marshy soil and flowers rather late, not before the beginning of July. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, Hart, Greety. Hayes Sound district; rather scarce: Promontory at the mouth of Flagler Fjord, “Fort Juliane”, interior of Beitstad Fjord, Twin Glacier Valley (875); Bedford Pim Island, Rice Strait side (1249); Nargs expedition. South coast; rather common in the archaean district: Fram Fjord (1626); Harbour Fjord in several places (2334, 2509, 2577); and also in the lime and sandstone region: Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord, in several places; Walrus Fjord. Distribution: North-western Greenland, Foulke Fjord; Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Unalaschka, East Arctic Siberia to Taimyr Peninsula, Kamshatka. Pedicularis hirsuta, L. P. hirsuta, Linnzus, Sp. plant., 1758; Lanes, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Gronl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksetuman, in Vega- exp.; Lepzsour, FJ. Ross.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv.; P. sude- tica, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., non Witipenow; P. flammea, Hart, 1. c.(?), non Linnzus; P. Kanei, Tayuor, Fl. pl. Baffin B., non Duranp. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1105; Tab. nostra 2, fig. 7—8, T. 3, fig. 1. Most arctic travellers and authors who have written about arctic floras seem to have been able to distinguish this species from others, so far at least, that when a P. hirsuta is mentioned one may be gene- rally certain that it is the real one. But as the above list of syno- nyms shows, it also figures sometimes under other names. The reason for these mistakes, I think, is mostly to be found in the indication of the floras abcut the colour of its flowers. Both in Hartman, Skand. Fl. (11th Ed., p. 119), and in Neuman & Autrvencren, Sv. F'l.,p. 147, 28 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM the flowers are said to be pink, and Lance asserts the same (I. ¢., p. 76), where he moreover finds fault with the statement of Duranp, Pl. Kan., that the colour is yellow and supposes that the latter has come to this conclusion through having seen only dried specimens (which probably was the case also with Lance himself). However most of the specimens of P. hirsuta that I saw at Godhavn and Egedesminde had flowers that were of a very pale yellow or whitish colour, and in Ellesmereland also this was far more common than the pink. This also agrees better with the fact that in some cases P. hirsuta has been mistaken for P. Oederi, V aut. Such specimens must doubtless have induced Harr to mention P. flammea, L. from Hayes Sound. I neither found it there, nor do any specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus. or at Kew confirm the statement. However, it is not always easy to decide, with the help of the above mentioned herbaria, how the collector or original author has himself determined the specimens, as the label generally contains only the loca- lity where the plant is found, not any specific name, and their present arrangement can consequently very well be of a later date. Still I think myself justified in concluding from the non-existence of specimens in the London herbaria, that at first the plant was wrongly determined but had since been put in its right place. On the other hand, some authors who have rightly identified the P. hirsuéa with yellow flowers, have taken the form with pink flowers for another species. Such was the case with a specimen from Shift Rudder Bay, leg. Fempen, with “P. sudetica, L. (P. Langsdorfi, Fiscu.)” on the label and also with other specimens of Frmpren and Harr in the Kew herbarium, some from Danish Greenland, where the real P. sudetica, L. is entirely lacking (cf. also Stmmons, Dan. Greenl. pl.). A confusion of P. hirsuta with P. lanata, Cuam. & Scuuecut., has also sometimes taken place, to which I shall have to refer again under that species. Indeed the likeness between these two species is small enough and the mistake is only possible for one who has not studied the plants in question from nature. P. hirsuta differs widely from P. lanata in the slenderer growth, the thinner-set spike which is far less hairy, and especially in the very remarkable dilatation of the petiole and rachis of the leaves. The co- rolla has a sack-like, contracted galea that almost entirely encloses the stamens and the style. Sometimes the galea is cleft in the middle (in dried specimens this is not uncommon) so as to give it the appearance 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 29 of being furnished with teeth —a characteristic never found in the spe- cies, as it belongs to the section Anodontae. P. hirsuta bears a greater resemblance to a species of the section Bidentatae, namely P. arctica, R. Br., and a confusion between the two could easily arise if the teeth in the apex of the galea (with which the latter species is furnished) are not observed. P. hirsuta grows chiefly in grassy places, rock-ledges as well as in evener loamy ground, by the side of brooks, etc., but also in more open gravely places. It seems hardly to be in flower before the end of June, and in August specimens still flowering are to be found together with such as already have ripe and opened capsules. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, leg. Harr(!), Shift Rudder Bay, leg. Fetpen(!). Hayes Sound district: rather commen but in general not plentiful. Specimens from: Fram Harbour (281, 1107), Cape Rutherford (685), Twin Glacier Valley (878), South coast: somewhat less common: specimens from Fram Fjord (1651), Harbour Fjord (2232), Goose Fjord (2880, 3647, 3956). - Distribution: East and West Greenland except in the south, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Arctic Russia, Northern Scandinavia. Pedicularis lanata, Cuam. & ScHLEcuHT. P. lanata, Cuamisso & ScuiecuTenpat, Pl. Romanzoff., 1827; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groen. ; Nataorst, N. W. Grénl.; Smmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Kseriman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; P. Langsdorfi, Steven, Monogr. Ped., ex p. et 6; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer., ex p.; P. Langsdorfi var. lanata, Greety, Rep.; P. Kanei, Duranp, Pl. Kan.; P. hir- suta, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Tayzor, Fl. pl. Baffin B.; non Linnacus. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1821; Tab. nostra 2, fig. 1—3. It is rather curious, that such a beautiful and distinct species should not always have been easily distinguished; nevertheless, several authors have confounded it with P. arctica, R. Br. (P. Langsdorfi) or with P. hirsuta, L. The latter mistake is made by Duranp, who in Pl. Kan. has the name P. lanata as a synonym for P. hirsuta and consequently he has set. up what was really P. lanata as a new species P. Kanet (cf. Asa Gray, Pl. Rocky Mtns., p. 251, and Maximowicz, Diagn. plant. as. II). There can be no doubt of this, when the notes about the Pedicularis-torms in the above-quoted papers are compared. The real P. lanata was first brought home from the Bering Sea region, and the name is first used in herbarium labels by WittpeNow and Patras, but 30 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM it is rather difficult to make sure how the have used it. If Steven (I. c.) is right, FiscHerR seems to have put it as a variety under P. Langs- dorfi, but a few years after the publication of Sreven’s monograph, appeared the work of Cuamisso & ScHLECHTENDAL about the plants of the Romanzoff expedition, and here the two very different species were kept apart, as Cuamisso had had the opportunity of studying them from nature. There cannot be the least doubt about the meaning of the name as used by Cuamisso and ScHLECHTENDAL, and consequently it must be used for the species in question. No consideration is to be given to the unpublished names; and even Sreven’s name is put out of the question owing to the confusion in his monograph — a point to which I shall return later. Of subsequent writers, Bunce in Lepesour’s Fl. Ross. follows Cuamisso, and so also does Maximowicz (lI. c.), but Hooker (I. ¢.), on the other hand, has adopted Steven’s arrangement but with the difference, that for him ,the more common woolly-spiked state of the plant“ that Sreven designed as ,f@ calyce lanato“ (,,syn. P.lanata, Paut. in herb. MarsHaut et WiLLDENow“ according to STEVEN, 1. c.) becomes the principal type, which he says that Fiscuer himself has marked is his (Hooxer’s) herbarium as his P. Langsdorfi. In his monograph indeed, Steven has figured his P. Langsdorfi (T. 9, fig. 2), but this figure is not one that can settle the question, for it calls to mind both — having the flowers of P. arctica, with distinct teeth at the upper part of the brim of the galea, while the basal leaves appear to be those of P. lanata. The spike most nearly resembles that of the latter species, but the dense hair is not indicated in the figure. Possibly the figure is schematic, perhaps also the confusion may partly be due to the existence of yet another form. In the Nat. Hist. Mus. herbarium I saw a specimen from Kamshatka, ex. herb. Pattas, which was most like P. lanata, except for the existence of a pair of very slender teeth at the apex of the galea of some flowers. It was also less woolly than the typical P. lanata. It may possibly represent an undescribed species, perhaps a hybrid between P. arctica and P. lanata. This was the only specimen about which I was really in doubt as to how to classify it, in all other cases specimens from Asia as well as from America always clearly showed either the characters of P. arctica or of P. lanata and, in the latter case, were never denticulate at the galea. If P. arctica is removed from the Anodontae as it ought rightly to be, together with P. elata, Wup., and P. striata, Pauu., and these three species are placed among the Bidentatae (Lophodon), we get the sharp difference between these and the Anodontae, that Buncr has estab- 1898— 1902. No.2.]_ VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 31 lished in his excellent arrangement of the genus in Lepesour (1. c.), which I think superior to that of Maximowicz, which is adopted by WertsTEmn in Encter & Pranti, Pflanzenfam. From the nearest allied edentate species, P. hirsuta, our plant is well defined both by its habit and by its specific characters. It is easily distinguished by the stiff, erect stem (solitary in most Ellesmereland specimens, numerous in most specimens from Greenland), by the glabrous deeply incised, fernlike leaves, the rachis of which is not nearly so broad as in P. hirsuta and P. arctica; lastly by the very dense spike, with the thick, woolly clothing, which is retained even in the fruiting state of the plant. The corolla has a rosy colour, is much larger than in P. hirsuta and rather open, but the lips are equally long. The upper forms a galea that is not cucullate but rather spoon-shaped. When fully developed, the style is not included, but protrudes from the galea. The capsule is very short and broad, and more oblique than in the other species. P. lanata grew mostly in rather wet places having a dense vegeta- tion, but it was also found on gravelly bottom, along rivers together with Carices. Outside the archaean district I only found it in one place. Was (1900) in flower from the end of June to the end of July. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart!), (GREELY ?) South coast: Fram Fjord (1649); in the Harbour Fjord it was rather common in grassy slopes (2114, 2174, 2186, 4261); Muskox Fjord in wet slopes in the innermost part and in the bottom of the river valley on gravelly soil. Distribution: Western Greenland down to 67°, Arctic American Archipelago, western Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic Siberia, Kamshatka, Northern Ural, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. Pedicularis arctica, R. Br. P. arctica, Ros. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Duranp, Pl. Kan.: P. Langsdorfi, STEVEN. Monogr. Ped., exp.; Cuamisso & Scuiecutenvat, Pl. Romantzoff.; Hooxer, F'. Bor, Amer., ex. p.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Maximow1cz, Diagn. plant. as.; Ksec-man, in Vegaexp. Fig. Tab. nostra 2, fig. 4—6. In his description of the new species of Pedicularis brought home by Parry from Melville Island 1820, Ros. Brown says: “Corolla pur- purea, glaberrima: galea leviter falcata, obtusa, ante apice oblique trun- cata et ad truncatura basin utrinque dente unico acuto brevi quandoque 32 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM brevissimo”. This description shows clearly enough that the question is about a species of the bidentate section, and had Brown’s descrip- tion only been duly observed, no complications would have arisen about this species, but unluckily, in the same year (1828) there appeared the above-quoted monograph of Sreven where the plant in question was put together with P. lanata under the name P. Langsdorfi, which Fiscuzr had used in herbarium labels, most probably instead of the present P. lanata (cf. above). However the name of Ros. Brown was buried among the synonyms and that of P. Langsdorfi went its way through literature to comprise more or less heterogeneous things in the works of different authors. Some used it only for the plant, which by right should bear the equally old and unambiguous name given by Brown. Such are Cuamisso & ScHLECHTENDAL, Bunce in Lepepour (I. c.) and Maximowrcz. Hooker, as already mentioned, has thrown it together with P. lanata. Duranp alone, in Pl. Kan. has upheld the name of R. Brown, but he too seems to have altered his views afterwards, for in Enum. pl. Smith S., he speaks of P. Langsdorfi instead of P. arctica (p. 94, note). Lance Consp. Fl. Groenl., p. 76, puts P. arctica, R. Br. as a synonym under P. lanata though he says about P. Langsdorfi “a praecedente (P. lanata) abunde differt” (p. 77). And this he does, notwithstanding that he seems to have seen specimens of the plant from the Kane expedi- tion, of which Duranp says: — “Flowers dark purple, with two small teeth at the helmet”; which is enough to show that Duranp has had the real P. arctica and not P. lanata in front of him. The great resemblance in habit, shown by the plant in question to P. hirsuta, caused me, when I first found it, to take it for a variety of that species; but, on closer inspection, it soon proved to be well distinguished from it. But I was inclined to use the name P. Langs- dorfi for it, and, misled by Lanes, I also doubted if the name of Ros. Brown had any reference to it. On seeing the original specimens of Brown’s plant (Melville Island, leg. E. Saprne) in the Nat. Hist. Mus., I immediately recognised it as the same as that which I had collected, and it hardly needed further confirmation of specimens in the Kew her- barium, to convince me that this was the same plant as P. Langsdorfi, and that Brown’s name with its clear description, was the only one that could be used for it. As my specimens are almost entirely in accord with the descrip- tion in Chlor. Melv. it may be enough to refer to it; but there is one point in which they are somewhat different. The Melville Island speci- mens have (a single stem, but my specimens from Hayes Sound have 1898—1902. No.2.]_ VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 33 several assurgent stems. This is also the case with most specimens from other parts of Arctic America; and even specimens collected by Cuamisso at Unalaschka (in the Copenhagen herbarium) show a close resemblance; but I have also seen specimens collected by Ksetiman at St. Lawrence Island, which have larger and more open flowers with longer tube, and somewhat longer upper lip, but for the rest, not differing from mine. Even my specimens have the upper lip somewhat longer than the lower one, which, although the case also with the original specimens, is not mentioned in the description of Ros. Brown. Besides the section-character, the bidentate galea, P. arctica differs from P. lanata in its laxer stems, in the broad rachis of the leaves — which reminds one very much of P. hirsuta — in a shorter and less dense spike, in the less developed wool, in the long tube and upper lip, in the dark purple colour of the flowers and in the shape of the capsule which is much longer and less oblique, protruding with one-third of its length over the calyx, taking almost the middle place between that of P. lanata and P. hirsuta. On the other hand, there is a resemblance in the protruding of the style from the galea. To P. hirsuta it shows a great resemblance in habit and in the shape of the leaves, even ‘though the rachis is less broadened than in that species. The flowers are much larger, longer, more open and the galea is not nearly so cucullate contracted as in P. hirsuta. Even the protruding style forms a distinguishing character from the ordinary specimens of that plant, where the galea is not split open. The purple colour of the flowers also forms a distinguishing character, as far as Ellesmereland specimens of P. hirsuta are con- cerned, but I have seen some specimens from Spitsbergen that resemble P. arctica so much, that I was obliged first to examine them more closely to make sure that the plant really was P. hirsuta. The flowers, also, were unusually large. It is probably of this form that NaTHorst, (Nya bidr., p. 11) speaks, although he characterises the flowers as pink (enbart ljusréda). I was also reminded of P. sylvatica when I first saw P. arctica. The species grew on svampy ground with a dense vegetation of Carices, grasses etc., and at the edges of pools, and was in full flower in the beginning of July 1899, the only time I saw it. The shape of the fruit could be judged from numerous capsules remaining from the previous year, that doubtless had been ripe in the autumn. Occurrence. Only found at the outer part of Hayes Sound (Buchanan Strait): Lastraea Valley (abundant, 858), Eskimopolis (847, 3 34 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM probably the same place which Hart speaks of as “Deserted village”), neighbourhood of Cape Viele (882). Distribution: Northwestern Greenland, Renselaer Bay, leg. Kane (Duranp), Western Islands of the Arctic American Archipelago, Western Arctic America, Alaska, Unalaschka, St. Paul Island, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia westward to the Lena, Kamshatka. Pedicularis lapponica, L. This species is mentioned by Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., for his localities 7, 8 and 12; further he says: ‘“Sparingly at Disco and Rittenbank; more common at Foulke Fjord, Walrus Island, and in Hayes Sound. Scarce in Discovery Bay”. Now P. lapponica is, in reality, the most common species of the genus at Disco Island, where it is met with wherever there is a suitable locality for it, but in Foulke Fjord it is never found by others, not even by Hayes who had his quarters at Port Foulke; moreover it is nowhere observed in Western Greenland north of the Waigat. In Foulke Fjord, as well as in Hayes Sound I looked ‘for it in vain. Consequently I already doubted Hart’s state- ment before I had had an opportunity of inspecting the London collec- tions. In the Nat. Hist. Mus. herbarium there are no specimens from the Nares expedition, except one which has no indication of its source. In the Kew herbarium, however, I found a single specimen with “Dobbin Bay, Harr” on the label. I cannot help thinking that this is a Danish Greenland specimen which has been thus labelled by mistake. Not one other single specimen from the entire Archipelago was to be found. Plumbaginaceae. Statice maritima, Muu. var. sibirica, (Turcz.) m. Armeria sibirica, (Turczaninow, in pl. Dahur. exs.) ex Borssrer, in Decanvote, Prodr. XII, 1848; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl., ex p.; Stmmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; Harrman, Skand.FI.; A. vulgaris var. sibirica, Rosrn- vine, 2 Till.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl ; Statice Armeria, Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer., ex p.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl, ex p.; St. sibirica, Lepesour, FI. Ross. Fig. Fl. Dan., 2769. The old Linnean genus-name Statice has been variously used by later authors, to denote one or other of the two sections of the original 1898—1902. No.2] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 35 genus, and I have been in great doubt as to which was the right course to take. However at last, I came to the conclusion that Statice must be used for those species that are comprehended by most authors in Armeria, Witp. The division in Statice end Limonium seems to have been first used by Fasricrus in a work which I have not however been able to get hold of (Enumeratio methodica plantarum horti medici Helm- stadiensis, 1759). Before the appearance of Linnagus’s Species plan- tarum, the generic names Statice and Limonium had already been used by Mutter in his Gardeners’s Dictionary, and in a new edition of this book of 1768, where the binary nomenclature is adopted, there are descriptions of. both genera, as well as of the typical form of the species now in view. Now as this publication, against which no objec- tion can be brought, is so much older than Wittpenow’s Enum. pl. horti Berol. (of 1809), the question is so far settled; but if the rule be accepted, that old generic names, which have been out of use for more than fifty years, should not be taken up again, it might be possible that the name of WittpeNow ought in such a case to be preferred. There is, however, no difficulty in finding systematic works where the names are differently used, as is already shown in my short list of synonyms. Consequently I must agree with Druce, Brit. Seathrifts, where the question is discussed in detail, that it is necessary to adopt the names of Miter again. Another question is how far Druce is right in distinguishing so many species from St. Armeria, L. Careful study, perhaps preferably in combination with experimental culture, will probably also be neces- sary, before a definite conclusion is possible, if St. maritima, MILtEr, should be looked upon as specifically different from St. Armeria. Druce, as well as Borssrer, |. c., considers that the pubescence of the calyx renders a good character for the discerning of species. As J have no results of investigation to set against his view, I am willing to adopt it so far as to allow St. maritima to stand as a species, but I must transfer the St. sibirica of LepzBour under it as a variety, as they are con- nected by a continual series of intermediate forms. In its most northern localities, St. maritima seems always to be represented by var. sibirica, as also where further south it is found in alpine stations or at least on higher montains, for instance in the Faeroes. In southern Green- land both forms are met with. Among his synonyms Lance (1. ¢.) also has: — “A. labradorica, (Watir.?) Rink”. Now this of course may be right enough for the Greenland plant of Rivx, but even if St. labradorica is also mentioned 36 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM from Greenland by Botsster, |. ¢., p. 678, notwithstanding I doubt whether WaLtrotu’s plant is the same. Indeed I have not seen the original of WaxirotH (Beitrage, p. 185—86), but the description seems to show that, even if a St. maritima is probably meant, it cannnot be var. sibirica. Specimens from Labrador lying in the Nat. Hist. Mus. herbarium under the name “A. labradorica” had the outer bracts of the involucre rather narrow and pointed, without membranaceous margin, which accords with the description. Their most noteworthy character is not mentioned in the description, viz., that the calyx is so minutely and scarcely perceptibly pubescent as to be nearly glabrous on the ribs as well as between them. A. arctica, Wa.ur., which is also found in Arctic America belongs to the Pleurotrichae. The Ellesmereland specimens are very low, densely tufted, because of the multicipital rootstock, but have rather big heads. In its only station within the area, it grew in rather wet, occasionally flooded, places, along small rinlets in company with Carices, Eriophorum polystachium, etc. When found, August 26th, 1899, it had almost ceased to flower. Occurrence. South coast: in the great western valley in Fram Fjord (1625). Distribution (of the variety): Northeastern Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Northern Siberia, Baikal (alpine ?), Finmark, Faeroes, Iceland. The principal form is distributed along the coasts of the temperate parts at least of Europe and America. Primulaceae. Androsace septentrionalis, L. A. septentrionalis, Linnaus, Sp. plant., 1753; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross. Fig. Sv. Bot. T. 483; Fl. Dan., T. 7. For my own part, I have not found this plant, and I was rather inclined to think that sooner A. Chamaejasme, Host, could have reached Grinnell Land, as I knew it to have been found in the south western islands, but specimens seen in the Nat. Hist. Museum and at Kew showed that Hart’s determination was right. It can hardly be sup- posed but that A. septentrionalis must also exist to the southwest, even if as yet it is only found on the arctic coast of the continent. 1898 — 1902. No. 2,] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 37 Grows in clay or rocky soil, doing best in the former (GREELY); in bloom June 22, 1883. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Lady Franklin Bay: Discovery Har- bour(!) Bellot Island, Mount Cartmel (Hart, GREELY). Distribution: Grinnell Land, Western Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, whole temperate Asia and Europe. Diapensiaceae. Diapensia lapponica, L. D. lapponica, Linnaeus, Sp. plant., 1753; Lancer, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruvuse, List E. Greenl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Greety, Rep.; Lepepour, Fl. Ross.; Ksertman, in Vegaexp. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 517; Fl. Dan., T. 47. This species is only stated by Gree.y. As here also no specimens are known from adjacent regions, either on the Greenland, or on the American side, the distribution must be supposed to be only very im- perfectly known. The nearest place where it is found in the Archipelago is southern Baffig. Land, in Greenland it is found northwards to 74° 18’. GreeLy, Three years, App. IX, p. 391, says: “Only a single specimen of this plant was found, and Sergeant Jewell, the collector, was unable to give exact information as to its habitat.” Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (GREELY). ; Distribution: East Greenland to Scoresby Sound, West Green- land, Grinnell Land, Baffin Land, Arctic America westwards to Great Fish River, Labrador, Adirondacks, White Mountains of New Hamp- shire, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chukches, and westward to the Lena River, Kamshatka, Japan, northern Ural, arctic Russia, . northern Scandinavia, Iceland. Ericaceae. Myrtillus uliginosa, (L.) Dres. var. microphylla, (LANGE) Sim. Vaccinium uliginosum, L. *microphyllum, Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; V. wlig. var. microphyllum, Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; V. pube- scens, Hornemann, Fl. Dan., T. 1516, non V. ulig. var. pubescens, Laver, le; V. uliginosum, Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer., ex p.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Myrtillus uliginosa var. microphylla, Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1516. Notwithstanding the intermediate forms between this and the typical one, from Jylland, the Faeroes, etc., of which Lance speaks himself, he 38 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM has made the arctic form a sub-species which seems rather out of place. With equal right could the f. Kruhsiana, (Fiscu.) of which Ksettman and Lunpstrim, Fan. Nov. Seml., p. 305, speak, and of which I have myself seen specimens, be regarded as a species. It is, however, only a still more reduced form than that here in view. That I could have looked up individuals that were small and stunted enough and had sufficiently small and rounded leaves to pass muster as f. Kruhsiana I do not doubt, but on the other side also, plants that differed rather little from the southern, typical form could be found. The growth of the whole shrub, as well as that of the leaves, was very variable, but only in specially favorable localities, such as the Cassiope-heath at Buchanan Strait, it rose to a height of perhaps eight or ten inches above the ground, mostly it crept between grass and mosses, or lay espalier-like spread close to the soil. The flowering was generally rather poor, and only exceptionally any more considerable number of berries was seen. I never saw them quite ripe, but that doubtless was because I never had occasion to ob- serve the plant during the later part of the summer. , In the heath-like vegetation that covered some of the valley bot- toms at Buchanan Strait, Myrtillus was found in great abundance, as well as in grassy slopes, mostly growing sociably. The flowers were found about the end of June. Occurrence. East Coast: Hayes Sound district, rather common; Specimens from: Fram Harbour (1101), slope down from the plateau of Cape Rutherford (804), Lastraea Valley (840). Noted by Harr from “Deserted Village” and Twin Glacier Valley. South coast: rather common in the archaean territory (spec. from Harbour Fjord, 2226) and also observed in Muskox Fjord. Distribution (here no difference is made between different forms of the species): East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, arctic and temperate America to the Saskatschawan, Mountains of New England and Adirondacks, New Foundland, Unalaschka, Siberia down to Altai, Novaja Semlja, northern and middle Europe, Faeroes, Iceland. To give the distribution of the present variety is impossible, as it is not distinguished for instance by Hooker and Lepesour. Probably it occurs here and there along the northern boundary of the area af the typical form, and occasionally even further south. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 39 Cassiope tetragona, (L.) D. Don. C. tetragona, D. Don, Arrang. Eric., 1884; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Kostuman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Andromeda tetragona, Linnatus, Sp. plant., 1753; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; AnpERsson & Hessrtman, Spetsb. kiirlv, Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1080. Most commonly distributed in the archaean districts, where in slopes and valley-bottoms that are not too svampy, but, on the other hand that are not exposed to drying out, it can cover wide areas. Especially in the great valleys at the outer Hayes Sound, Lastraea Valley, Twin Glacier Valley, and others, it forms together with Myrtillus and Em- petrum heaths of considerable extent. A similar vegetation, probably, is that seen by Greezy in the valleys around Lake Hazen, where, how- ever, both accompanying plants are absent. Also Gymnocybe turgida and Peltigera aphtosa (?) are often its companions. In the limestone regions it is scarce, and here as also in very dry localities of the ar- chaean district it appears in a dwarf form, only an inch or a couple of inches high, whereas in favorable localities it can sometimes attain to a height of at least 15 inches. It began to flower about midsummer time, and seemed mostly to fruit abundantly. : Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Lake Hazen Valley (Greety). East coast; common in the entire Hayes Sound district, first noted,by Harr. Specimens from: Bedford Pim Island (275), Cape Rutherford (819), Twin Glacier Valley (876), Fram Harbour (1082). Southern coast, abundant to the eastward, specimens from Fram Fjord (1658) and Harbour Fjord (2247); scarcer to the west, specimens from the Yellow Hill in the Goose Fjord (3575) but also observed at the bottom of the fjord. West coast: Braskerud plain, south of Bays Fjord according to Isacusen (no speci- mens collected); between Baumann Fjord and Eidsfjord. Distribution: Northern Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Unalaschka, St. Lawrence Island, Siberia to Baikal, Ural, Arctic Russia, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia. 40 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Pyrolaceae. Pyrola rotundifolia, UL. var. grandiflora, (Rap.) De. P. grandiflora, Ravius, Diss. Pyrola, 1821; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Gronl.; Srwmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; P. rotundifolia var. pumila, Hornemann, Dansk Oec. Plantel. I, 1821; Hooxer, F). Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; P. groenlandica, Hornemann, |. c. Il; P. rotundifolia var. grandiflora, Decanpottz, Prodr., VII; Rosenviner, Nye Bidr.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; P. chlorantha, Dunanp, Pl. Kan.; Haves, Op. Pol. Sea; et alii, non Swartz. Fig. Ravtus, 1. c., T. 3, fig. 2; Fl. Dan, T. 1817. The plant in question was 1821 described indepedently from two quarters, viz., by Hornemann (I. c., I, p. 463) as P. rotundifolia pumila, and by Rapius (I. c, p. 27) as P. grandiflora. Hornemann 1837 (I. c. II, p. 180) altered his name to P. groenlandica. The latter name can under no circumstances be used, and I cannot decide which of the other two has priority. I have preferred the name of Rantus chiefly because it is the name most commonly used by later authors, and also because it is followed by a rather good figure. To uphold it as a species seems, however, not to be justified, how ever well defined it seems indeed in high latitudes, for already in the southern part of Greenland forms appear, that link it together with P. rotundifolia var. arenaria, Kocu, and therefore I have followed Drcanpo.tz (1. ¢., p. 773) and the later works about the Greenland flora. In its only locality in Ellesmereland, the plant grew in a densely, vegetation-clad slope together with Salix arctica, Oxyria, Polygonum viviparum, Sawifragae, etc., in an undergrowth of mosses. It was more stunted than the Greenland specimens generally are, and July 26th, 1899, when it was collected, it had not yet opened its flowers, even though numerous inflorescences were seen. As no old fruits were found, it is probable, that such are only seldom developed, and conse- quently, it has little chance of spreading further than it can reach with its creeping rhizome. ; Occurrence. Only on the east coast, and there restricted to a small patch in the slope from the plateau of Cape Rutherford down to the great lake on the “Rutherfordeide” (1133). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Alaska, Northern Siberia and 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 41 Ural. Probably it goes over, everywhere to the southward, into typical P. rotundifolia, which has a wide distribution in the three continents. In Europe the var. grandiflora is not found. Onagraceae. Chamaenerium latifolium, (L.) Sweer. Epilobium latifolium, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Natuorsr, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol, Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Kseriman, in Vega- exp.; Lepepour, Fl. Ross.; Chamaenerium latifolium, Sweev, Hort. brit., Ed. 2, 1830; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Simons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl.; Grontunn, Isl. FL;"Ch. halimi- folium, Sauispury, Parad. Lond. Fig. Fl. Dan. T. 565; Hooxer, in Sauispury, 1. ¢., fig. 58. A plant which, even if it is not at all rare in the archaean districts, nevertheless may during many summers not reach to flowering and still less to the development of ripe fruit. During the whole summer of 1899 I could only find sterile specimens of it, except at Twin Glacier Valley, where young flower-buds were seen (July 5th). In the summer of 1900, which was rather warm, I saw it flowering richly at several points, and already at the beginning of August, the fruit was nearly ripe in the neighbourhood of our anchorage in the Harbour Fjord. Probably, however, it had time enough to flower and to ripen its cap- sules even in the preceding summer, at least in the interior of Hayes Sound, to which region I had no opportunity of going after June 12th. But in cold summers, such as 1901, it will probably not even reach to flowering, at least not to development of ripe seed. KyseLuman also says (As. Beringss. Fan., p. 529), that this species in certain parts of the Asiatic north coast, must probably be reduced chiefly to vegetative pro- pagation. For this also it is well provided, the more so, as it grows chiefly on loose, gravelly soil, with scarce vegetation, where its strong rhizome can creep far round about. The severe drying out, however, to which it is exposed in such places, brings with it the risk, that it may not be able, even in a year that is otherwise favorable, to ripen its fruit, as the capsules will dry up already at an early stage. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: North coast, at Floeberg Beach (Hart); East coast: Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound district, inner part: Fort Juliane (674), Beitstad Fjord; outer district: Twin Gla- cier Valley (Hart, Simmons), Cape Viele, Lastraea Valley. Bedford Pim Island, Rice Strait side (1813). South coast: Fram Fjord, Harbour Fjord (common and abundant, 2233, 2458, 2460, 2545), lacking on limestone 42 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM and, in sandstone-ground, only found in a single, small patch in the innermost part of the Goose Fjord (sterile). Distribution: Greenland (probably to the far north), Arctic Ame- rican Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, New Foundland, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Bering Sea region, northern and eastern Siberia, Altai, Himalaya, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Iceland. Empetraceae. Empetrum nigrum, 1. E. nigrum, Linnazus, Sp. plant., 1753; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; KsExt- MAN, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; EH. rubrum, Duranp, Enum. pl. Smith 8. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 975. I only found this species within a limited area, where, however, it was rather abundant, and, as previously mentioned, covered wide stret- ches of the peaty ground in the valleys, forming, together with Cassiope and Myrtillus, a kind of heath. As I had had no opportunity of seeing other fruit than such as had wintered over — I visited its localities only as early as the begin- ning of July — it is impossible to state anything exact about the colour of the ripe fruit. However, I got the distinct impression, that it was red, not black, as is also the case in Foulke Fjord, the northernmost locality of the plant in Greenland. Duranp, Enum. pl. Smith S., p. 95, calls it E. rubrum, Wittp., but in Hayss’ own list, Op. Pol. Sea, p. 398, it is called E. nigrum, and Duranp himself had previously (Pl. Kan.) used the latter name for the north-west Greenland plant. As indeed the last-mentioned plant, and in all probability also, the Ellesmereland one, has red drupes it must represent one of the red-fruited varie- ties, but not E. nigrum var. rubrum, (WittD.) DC. This plant, ori- ginally described by WiLtpENow in his edition (IV) of Liynagus, Sp. plant. IV, p. 718, and afterwards rightly reduced to a variety by Ds- CANDOLLE, Prodr., 16, I, p. 26, is, however not only distinguished from the typical form by its red fruit, but also by its pubescent twigs. This variety of which I have seen specimens from several localities in the southern part of South America, is entirely south-temperate. Further, there is another variety in the southern Andes, which also seems to have red drupes var. Andinum, (Put..) DC., but that also seems to differ from the arctic plant. But there is still another red-fruited variety distin- 1898—1902, No.2] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 43 guished by Drcanpoute (1. c.) as well as by Encier in Encier & Prantu, Pflanzenfam. III, 5. This also is originally separated from E. nigrum and described as E. purpurewm by Rarrnesqug, in his “New Flora of N. America”, etc., which, however, I have had no opportunity of seeing, but as it seems according to be above-quoted works to differ from the type only in its red drupes and in a somewhat smaller stature and thicker-set leaves, there can be no doubt that this is our plant, which consequently is to be called EZ. nigrum, L. var. purpureum, (Rarin.) DC. However, I cannot assert that all Ellesmereland specimens have red drupes; it is possible, that black-fruite¢ forms also grow there, moreover, as I have seen specimens with black drupes, not bigger than those of my specimens, from other high arctic localities. It is curious that red-fruited forms appear to be lacking in Danish Greenland, where the species is very common, the more so as the appearance of red drupes seems to stand in some connection with the climate, as may be inferred from their re-appearance in the far south. Occurrence. East coast: along Buchanan Strait, at Twin Glacier Valley (850), Cape Viele (883), and Lastraea Valley; Cape Sabine (Bed- ford Pim Island) according to Harr. Distribution: The variety, according to DEcaNDoLLE, |. ¢., seems to have been found only in Labrador, New Foundland and in N. W. Greenland. The common form is distributed all over the arctic and temperate regions, as well as in Europe and Asia as in North America. Rosaceae. Dryas integrifolia, Vau.. D. integrifolia, Vauu, Stell. groenl. et Dr. integr., 1798; Lanez, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Stumons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Kseuttman, in Vegaexp. Lepezour, FI. Ross.; D. octopetala *integrifolia, Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; D. oct. var. integrifolia, Cuamisso & Scnuiecurenpat, Pl. Romanzoff.; Greety, Rep.; D. tenella, Pursu, Fl. Am. sept; D. octopetala, Duranv, Enum. pl. Smith S.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Mersan, Contr. Greenl.; et alii, non Liynagus. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1216; Harrz, Fan. o. Karkr., p. 321; Dustin, Gefiisspfl. Ostgrénl., T. 5. I have not tried to insert in the above list of synonyms, all state- ments in the literature about D. octopetala, such as should rightly be transferred to D. integrifolia, as I have not always seen the specimens on which the statement is based, but it may be asserted that all ac- counts about D. octopetala from western Greenland and the Arctic 44 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM American Archipelago, really have reference to broad-leaved forms of D. integrifolia. Among the many specimens that I have seen in going through the collections of the museums of Copenhagen, Stockholm, Lon- don and Kew, there was not a single D. octopetala from this great area. First further south-westward, in the Rocky Mountains and Alaska, this species again appears. The great difficulty of detecting sharply-defined characters for the distingushing of these two specimens, is clearly to be seen from litera- ture. Authors who only have seen D. integrifolia in western Green- land, or know it from specimens from that country, are not in doubt about its being a good species, but in floristic works about regions where both are found, the author either puts D. integrifolia as a sub- species under D. octopetala, or he asserts his opinion that the former is a good species without however being able to give a clear exposition of the differences. Hartz, Fan. o. Karkr., p. 320, who has devoted special attention to the Dryas-forms of north-east Greenland, Dussn, Gefasspfl. Ostgrénl., p. 18, Kotperup Rosenvineg, 2 Till., p. 654, for instance, consider it as a sub-species, whereas Hooker, I. c. I, p. 174, Natuorst, N. W. Gronl., p. 24, Ksettman, As. Beringss. Fan., p. 527, and others, look upon it as a separate species. I must decidedly join with the latter, even if I must admit that the differences between the two species are only relative. In its most typical form, D. integrifolia has leaves with teeth only at the nether part of each edge, and entire for the rest; also leaves, quite without teeth, are found, but besides also such as are dentate along the whole margin. The teeth are however mostly smaller than in D. octopetala and, as arule, more pointed. The strongly involuted margin of the leaves is indeed characteristic of D. integrifolia, but in especially shady localities, such as between great boulders, or in clefts of rock, etc., forms with entirely flat leaves are also often found, and as these are besides mostly stronger dentate, the resemblance to D. octopetala becomes rather great, and the specimens are easily taken for that plant, as Harr and Natuorst have done. On the other hand, there are also D. octopetala- forms with leaves as narrowly involuted as in the typical D. integri- folia; such I have seen, for instance, from Novaja Semlja, collected by Tu. Hotm. Much more usable is another character, which is also ob- served by Hooxer (I. c., I, p. 174), viz., that the veins in D. octopetala are distinctly conspicuous on both sides of the leaves. The upper sur- face then gets a certain corrugated aspect and becomes lustreless, whereas in D. integrifolia, where they are only a little or not at all 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 45 visible, the surface is more or less shiny, bright and smooth. That a denser covering of black glandular hairs (especially on the scape and sepals) should characterize D. oclopetala in distinction to D. integri- folia, as Hooxer (1. c.) and Rosenvincs (I. ¢.) intimate, hardly holds true. Among the Danish Greenland specimens in the Copenhagen herbarium, there are, besides those from Kingigtok at the Vaigat, which the latter author mentions, many more that have densely glandular scapes and sepals. Also some of the specimens which I collected at Egedesminde and Godhavn have a rather dense glandular covering, and still more is this the case with specimens from Foulke Fjord, and with most Elles- mereland specimens. When Pursu (I. c., p. 350), says that the flowers are only half as large as in D. octopetala, this must have been acci- dentally the case with the specimens after which he has made his des- criplion. The flowers of D. integrifolia are not really so small, even if they never become so large as the biggest ones of D. octopetala, and they are mostly a little smaller than the medium size of the flowers of the latter species. Besides they are not so purely white, but rather often have a faint touch of yellow. It appears from the preceding, that it is a rather difficult task to make a distinction between certain forms of both species in districts where both grow. But such common areas are restricted to the border- regions of the two species, and the principal foundation for the distin- guishing of D. integrifolia as a separate species lies, in my opinion, apart from its having proved constant in cultivation (Hooker, |. c.), in its geographical distribution. To a plantform, which has a great con- tinual area of distribution, where it totally excludes another allied one, which on the other hand, is the ruling one in other equally wide tracts with similar conditions of life, I must, for my part, concede the right of being looked upon as a good species, even if the mor- phological characters are not so very distinct. Narnorst, |. c., p. 24, also has a D. octopetala {. intermedia, which he looks upon as a connecting form between the two species, or perhaps a hybrid. Specimens of it seen in the State Museum at Stockholm, have proved to belong to a broad-leaved and dentate form of D. inte- grifolia. 1 have seen plants that could be reckoned as this form. in several localities and they are also represented in my collections (f. 1. n. 4918), as well as such as could easily be taken for D. octopetala (f. i. n. 2345, found in deep shade under a protruding rock). However I also found another variety which seems to deserve a name: 46 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC, ARCT. EXP. FRAM Var. canescens n. var., is characterised by a dense tomentose covering also of the upper surface of the leaves, which even in the old leaves is almost as grayish-white in colour, as the nether one. It forms a parallel to the varieties argentea, Buytr, and hirsuta, Hartz, of D. octopetala. D. integrifolia is one of the three most common plants in Elles- mereland, and is absent from very few places where there is any higher vegetation at all. It also makes only small demands on the nature of the soil, and even if it is most abundant and vigorous in the archaean districts, it can also grow on localities so poor as plains of limestone debris, if only the water supply is not too scarce. Swampy ground it cannot bear, and consequently it is limited to the top of bigger knolls, where it grows out into the bogs. It is one of the first species to come into flower (about the middle of June or even earlier), and fruits abundantly. Occurrence. Northern coast: Cape Joseph Henry and Floeberg Beach, Harr(!). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, Hart(!), GREELY; further as it seems at every station visited by the Nares expedition. Very common in Hayes Sound and the neighbourhood of Fram Harbour (specimens 649, 1081, 1411, 264, 1250). South coast, common (specimens: 1619, 2168, 2345, 3590, 3951, 4218). Western coast, only seen at Lands End, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay, and brought home by Bay from Bay Fjord (480), but doubt less common also here. The var. canescens in dry places among the type: Hayes Sound: Skraling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1376); western valley in Fram Fjord (1884), above the anchorage in Harbour Fjord (2572). Distribution: North-eastern Greenland, rare, in company with D. octopetala, West Greenland from Lockwood Island, 83° 24’ down to the south, Arctic American Archepelago, Arctic America, Labrador, New Foundland, Anticosti, White Mountains of New Hampshire(?), Rocky Mountains down to 52°, Alaska, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chuk- ches. D. octopetala on the other hand, is spread in the mountains of Europe, in Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja and Spitsbergen; in Asia, in the arctic parts as well as in the alpine region of the mountains, every- where alone. In the Bering Sea region, in Alaska and the Rocky Mountains, but probably not in Arctic and Eastern America, it meets D. integrifolia, as is also the case in North East Greenland, where it again seems to have reached by way of Scotland, Faeroes, and Iceland, where it is still found in the higher mountains. Thus, D. octopetala has a still wider range where no D. integrifolia is found. 1898— 1902, No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 47 Potentilla pulchella, R. Br. P. pulchella, Ros. Brown, List of pl., 1819, et Chlor. Melv.; Leamann, Mon. Potent., Suppl. I, et Revis. Potent; Rypserc, Mon. Amer. Potent.; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Smmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Anpersson & Husseuman, Spetsb. karlv.;°“P. nivea var. pulchella, Durann, Enum. pl. Smith S.; P. nivea, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp. ex p.; P. sericea var. dasyphylla, Trautverrer, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml.; Ksrruman & Lunpsrrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; non Lepesour, Ie. pl. Fl. Ross., Fl. Alt. Fl. Ross.; P. Sommerfelti, Leumann, Nov. Stirp. Pug. IX et Revis. Potent.; Lanez, 1. c.; Rypsere, |. Fig. Leamany, Mon. Potent., Suppl. I, T. 7, fig. 1; Fl. Dan., T. 2934; Ryp- BERG, l. c., T. 36, fig. 6. The species in question, is first named by Ros. Brown without description, but in Chlor. Melv. he gives some notes about its charac- ters that are not, however, very satisfying, Perhaps it could be ques- tioned if he has really had the species in view, which has since been understood by this name, the more so as the figure of Leumany, |. c., who has perhaps had an opportunity of seeing the original specimens, is not quite so good as are his figures generally. Leumann’s descrip- tion, however, is rather clear and satisfying. So too, the figure of RypserG, |. c., is not of the best. I think it must be taken for granted, that Ros. Brown has really used the name for the species here in question, the more so, as he has in Chlor. Melv. besides it, also P. nivea from the same district; but there are, in the London collections, no original specimens from Ross’s first voyage, and the specimens under the name of P. pulchella from Melville Island, that I have seen, are really P. Vahliana, to which, however, the description does not apply. At all events, the name P. pulchella is to be upheld, even if Leymann is to be quoted as author instead of Ros. Brown. P. pulchella is one of the most characteristic and easily distin- guished among the arctic Potentillae, but notwithstanding this, it has not escaped the fate of being confounded with other species: generally, I think, forms having only one pair of leaflets have been the cause of mistakes, as they can bear a certain resemblance to the varieties of P. nivea, that have narrow and deeply incised leaflets, such as are most common, for instance in Greenland (cf. Wutrr, Bot. Beob. Spitzb., p. 104—106). But that it “goes over” into P. nivea in Spitsbergen, as Natuorst (Veg. Spetsb. vestk., p. 111) says, and Wutrr quotes, I cannot find. Among the whole of the great collection of specimens of P. nivea in the Copenhagen herbarium, there is not a single one, that I could think of referring to P. pulchella, as little as there could, on 48 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM the other hand, be a question of referring any of the specimens lying under P. pulchella to the former species. Also those specimens from Wwtrr’s own collection that [ have seen, I could easily place under one of the two species. As for some of his figures (I. c., T. 4), I think there must be a mistake; the figures 14 and 15, can hardly belong to any but P. pulchella, unless perhaps there exists another species in Spitsbergen, viz. P. rubricaulis, Leum.; to that I shall return later. From the other Ellesmereland species, P. pulchella is clearly dis- tinguished by its distinctly smaller flowers, whose petals are at most, of the length of the sepals. It is this character also which immediately shows that Trautverter, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml., p. 65, is entirely wrong in using the name P. sericea, L. var. dasyphylla, (Bunce) Lepzs., for it. As Nartuorst, Nya bidr., p. 12, remarks, the Novaja Semlja plant is very like that of Spitsbergen; indeed it differs somewhat in the size of the flowers, but they are not those of the real P. sericea or its var. dasy- phylla (P. dasyphylla, Bunce in Lepepour, FI. Alt). Indeed it is curious enough that an American species such as P. pulchella, should grow in Spitsbergen and Novaja Semlja, and should not be found in the adjacent parts of Siberia, but I think it may still be found there. At least, the explanation is not to be found in that direction, where TRAUTVETTER and Natuorst have sought it, and the Spitsbergen-Novaja Semlja plant is doubtless P. pulchella, as I have had the opportunity of ascertaining by examination of specimens. The real P. sericea and also Bunce’s species, have flowers with large and broad petals, not the short ones of P. pulchella which are so narrow as not to touch each other with the margin. Also in comparing with the figure 331 in Lepe- pour, Ic. pl. Fl. Ross., representing the species dasyphylla of Bunce, one is unable to understand how this can have been referred to the plant from Novaja Semlja, as it represents a Potentilla with large flowers of a dark yellow, with assurgent stems and leaves with several pairs of of longciliate leaflets, that do not.seem to be very hairy over the rest. One arrives at the same result in studying the description in Lepzpour, Fl. Alt. and as I have also seen original specimens of Bunce in the - Copenhagen herbarium, I am quite certain that the Novaja Semlja plant has nothing to do with his species, but must be referred to the arctic P. pulchella, perhaps as a separate variety, with larger flowers than that in America-Greenland. I have also to mention another form which I have found, if not in its most extreme development, viz., the so-called P. Sommerfelti, Lrn- mann, Nov. Stirp. Pug. IX (Fig. Revis. Potent., T. 10, fig. 2). I have 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 49 seen a specimen of this in the Copenhagen herbarium, collected in Spits- bergen by Tu. Fries and determined as P. pulchella, but afterwards referred by Rypsere to P. Sommerfelti. That it is what Fries took it for, a small, slender and almost glabrous specimen of P. pulchella, is obvious. The principal character which should separate P. Sommer- felti from P. pulchella is, according to Ryppere, |. c., p. 91, that the terminal leaflet should be petiolate in the former, but sessile in the latter. But this character is worthless, as many specimens of P. pul- chella, and especially of the large and luxuriant @ elatior, Lancs, have long petiolate terminal leaflet, among them also some revised by Ryp- BERG himself. When it is further observed, that Leumann has originally described it (Pug. IX) on specimens from “terris borealibus — — — ni fallor a cl. Kemuavio lectis”, and that later he has quoted Vai and Ho Bé. as collectors, without mentioning anything more about its home (Revis. Potent., p. 37), as well as that it is never found again in Greenland, and that it has been regarded in Spitsbergen of old, as a mere form of P. pulchella (Natuorst, Nya bidr., does not mention it), one may easily understand, that it cannot here be the question of any distinct species. Consequently, it is astonishing to find it treated as such, in a monograph of the genus. In Ellesmereland, I mostly saw P. pulchella in clayey plains with open vegetation, sometimes also in the rich slopes of rookeries etc. It begins to flower about the begin- ning of July, and fruits abundantly. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach(!), Dumbell Harbour (!) Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (!), (GREELY); probably in other localities southward along the coast. Hayes Sound district, sparingly: interior of Beitstad Fjord (489); Fram Harbour (659); Cocked Hat Island (1267). South coast, scarce but for the Goose Fjord, where it grew in most clay plains: Fram Fjord (1638), Muskox Fjord (2118); Goose Fjord localities: Gull Cove (rookery, 2895), Castle Rock (8964), Yellow Hill (3579, 8596), Midday Knoll (4215), east of 4th quarters (3489), great valley at the bottom (3268), Gallows Point (2990). West coast: Lands End, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay. Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Alaska, East Siberia, Wrangel Land, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. 50 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Potentilla rubricaulis, Levm. P. rubricaulis, Leumann, Noy. Stirp. Pug. 1X, 1851, et Revis. Potent.; Ryppere, Mon. Amer. Potent.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; P. aff. (nivea vel) rubricaulis, OstEn- FELD, Flow. pl. Cape York; P. nivea var., Naruorst, N. W. Grinl.; P. nivea var. subquinata, GrerLy, Rep.(?), non Lane; P. pulchella f. elatior, Dusty, Gefiisspfl. Ostgrénl.; P. pulchella, Naruorst, N. W. Grénl. (?); Kruuse, List E. Greenl., ex p.; P. nivea, auct. ?, non Liynagus. Fig. Lenmann, Revis. Potent., T.30; Rypsene 1. c., T. 40, fig. 1—4; Tab. nostra 5, During my stay in Ellesmereland, I always regarded the species here in question, as P. nivea, L., and that variety of it, which is called subquinata by Lance; and it was after closer examination and com- parison with other specimens, and study of literature, that I came at last to the conclusion that it must be referred to the species of Len- MANN, which seems to have been very little noticed by later writers. As shown in the synonymic, some certainly have taken it for a form of P. nivea, and probably that is the case also with many others, although it is impossible, without having the authentic specimens at hand, to say anything certain about it. Thus, I cannot but believe, that it forms part of the variable P. nivea of Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., probably also of the plant under the same name mentioned by GreeLy, Rep., although I have seen no P. rubricaulis collected by either of them. The names under which it may perhaps further hide are: P. nivea var. pentaphylla, Leum., var. subquinata, Lanes, var. altaica, Ryps. (not P. altaica, Bunex), P. quinquefolia, Ryps., always however, confounded with forms of P. nivea. I therefore think it not out of place here also to devote some attention to an examination of what ought rightly to be meant by those names, notwithstandig the probable non-existence of those plants in Ellesmereland. At first, however, the description of P. rubricaulis in Leumann, Revis. Potent., p. 68, may be quoted. It runs as follows: “P. caulibus e basi adscendente erectis, plurifloris, petiolisque pubes- centibus; foliis infimis bijugis, supra glabriusculis subtus niveo-tomen- tosis; foliolis infimis multo minoribus subcuneiformibus profunde tri — quinquefidis, reliquis oblongis pinnatifidis; segmentis subaequalibus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis integerrimis subfalcatis; flortbus paniculatis sepalis acutiusculis, externis oblongo-linearibus; reliquis ovato-lanceo- latis; petalis obtuse emarginatis fere obcordatis calycem paullo super- antibus’”. Further be adds: “In Habitus gleicht diese Art gar sehr der P. nivea var. pentaphylla, bei welcher aber die Blatter niemals gefiedert sind.”. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 54 The description of Rypsere (I. c., p. 101—102) is, on the whole, well in accord with this, the small differences are probably due to the greater material which he has had at his disposition. He says, for in- Stance: — ‘‘Leaves pinnate of 2—3 approximate pairs and a sessile terminal leaflet, silky above, more or less white-tomentose beneath”, and further “Petals obcordate, a third exeding the sepals”. My specimens accord very well both with these descriptions and with the figures quoted. The principal difference lies in the prevalence of 3-digitate leaves, and in the reduction of the lower leaflets, if such are developed. There is, however, a continuous transition between the forms on the basis of which the original description is made (LEHMANN’S material was collected at Great Bear Lake by Ricuarpson, and that of Ryp- BERG still further to the south), and the most reduced arctic forms with only 3-digitate leaves, such as are found on open gravel soil. Where P. rubricaulis grew in rookeries, or other places with a richer soil, it al- ways showed rudiments of at least one lower pair of leaflets, even if these basal leaflets were very small. I have never seen really 5-digitate leaves in it. In the Nat. Hist. Mus. there were several specimens col- lected by Ricarpson, perhaps from the original locality, and at Kew also from the arctic coast and from Mercy Bay, Banks Land, leg. MiertscHinc. The RicHarpson-specimens especially, were larger and had larger and more deeply incised leaves than my Ellesmereland- specimens, but they only had two pairs of leaflets (or even one only) and the basal ones are at least somewhat smaller than the upper ones. The difference between this form and the arctic one is consequently not greater than might be expected. There may, however, be reason for distinguishing the northern form as a separate variety: var. arctica, n. var., characterised by low growth; mostly 3-digitate leaves, or by very small basal leaflets, furnished only with one or a few feeble teeth. P. rubricaulis, and especially var. arctica, very much resemble P. nivea in habit; there can also be said to exist certain points of like- ness to P. pulchella. It might therefore perhaps, be suspected of being a hybrid between the two last-named species, or perhaps that it had been overlooked in Greenland and Spitsbergen: it might thus have been the cause of the opinion quoted from Naruorst and Wutrr (cf. under P. pulchella). P. rubricaulis, however, is clearly distinct from P. pul- chella in its much larger flowers, broader and darker petals, many- flowered inflorescence, assurgent or erect stems, and in its broader, less deeply incised leaflets. One fact among others which decidedly proclaims against its being a hybrid is, that it is much more common within the 52 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM area here in question than P. pulchella while P. nivea seems to be entirely lacking. As to its possible occurrence in Spitsbergen, I can only say that I have seen no specimens from that country; it also seems improbable that it could have found its way thither as it is never found elsewhere on the Asiatic-European side of the arctic region. From Greenland I have seen specimens from Cape Mary, Clavering Island (leg. Dusen, cf. synonyms); further, I have myself found it in Foulke Fjord, and it is collected in Wolstenholme Sound by Batue (ef. OstenreLp, |. c.) and by Naruorst at Ivsugigsok. From localities further south, I have only seen two specimens, that seem to belong to it. They are in the Copenhagen herbarium, and are both collected at Umanak in Northern Danish Greenland by J. Vani. One is determined as P. nivea and the other as P. subquinata, (Lance) Ryps., by Ryp- BERG who has inspected the arctic Potentillae of the Copenhagen col- lection. They are entirely identical (parts of the same plant?) and are the only ones in the great collection from Danish Greenland, whose leaves show a tendency to become pinnate. In other respects, they resemble P. nivea very much, and consequently, P. rubricaulis may easily have been overlooked in the northernmost colonial districts. A strict search for it in those regions must, therefore, be recommended. Together with the two specimens mentioned, there lay a great many of P. nivea with 5-digitate laves, both under that name and under var. altaica and P. subquinata, (Lance) Ryps. In connection with the forms of P. nivea, found in Foulke Fjord, I shall have to come back to them later, but still [ think it better to say a little about the names that Ryppere |. c., has for the different varieties of the multiform P. nivea. Wutrr, ]. ¢,, p- 105, has already pointed out what he looks upon as a fault in Ryppere’s monograph, viz., that this author has united the var. subquinata of Lance with the var. pinnatifida of Lenmann. This however may, perhaps, be ad- mitted, as it is impossible to keep apart all the varieties that LeHmann has distinguished under P. nivea (in Revis. Potent. 12 besides the principal form), and as the variety of Lance must doubtless be the same as Lenmann’s var. pentaphylla, that together with var. pinnati- fida is characterised by partly 5-digitate, deeply incised leaflets. Still there is a mistake, for P. altaica, Bunce in Lepsour, FI. Alt., p. 212, is quoted as synonymous to the latter variety. This error is due to Lenmann himself (Pug. [X, p. 68), and has been repeated by later authors. The figure of P. altaica in Lepzpour, Ic. pl. Fl. Ross., T. 329, does not indeed give much guidance, as little indeed as does the 1898 --1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 53 description in the same work, but from the description in the Fl. Alt., it is evident, that here there is no question of any form of P. nivea. As I have had the opportunity of seeing original specimens of Bunex’s plant in the Copenhagen herbarium, I can affirm at least, that it does not belong to P. nivea. In the Index Kewensis, it is referred to P. multifida, L., where its right place seems rather to be. As the name P. nivea var. pinnatifida seems only to be used by Leumann for the plant of Bunce (he only has one locality for it in Revis. Potent., p. 169) it is out of the question, and there is the choice between var. penta- phylla, Leum., and var. subquinata, Lancer. As the former is the elder, it must be upheld, there being not the slightest cause to look upon it as a species as Rypperc has done, probably because he has had no opportunity of studying the plant from nature. Rather might it be justifiable to distinguish all the arctic forms with deeply incised leaflets, from the typical P. nivea, which has them more rounded and feebler dentate. I have, however, had too little opportunity of studying them from nature, to be able to give any de- finite opinion about it. In a collection of herbarium specimens, it appears as if a continual series of intermediate forms existed. Ryp- BERG has, however, not only (1. ¢.) established a new species P. quinque- folia for the plant here in question, but he has also put it in a separate group, Subjugae, together with P. subjuga, Ryps. Between the two species, there is not a single character in common, unless the ‘pinnate tendency” (Rypserc, Mon. Amer. Potent., p. 37) is regarded as such, which is said to appear therein that the terminal leaflet is petiolate. This characteristic, however, appears very often in the principal form of the P. nivea, and there can be no doubt but that the group Sub- jugae is merely artificial, and has nothing to do with affinity. Perhaps Rypperc has seen arctic specimens of P. rubricaulis, and has referred them to his P. subquinata, (Lance) Ryps., as later he has called it (Furth. Stud. Potent.). That would perhaps account for his arrange- ment. P. rubricaulis var. arctica in Ellesmereland is found generally in rookeries and vegetation-covered slopes, where it is loosely tufted and thriving, whereas when it grows in open gravel- or clay-plains, it be- comes stunted and very densely tufted, so as to be rather like P. Vahliana in habit. It begins to flower at the end of July, and is flowering all through the summer, besides bearing fruit abundantly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land (?). Hayes Sound and Fram Harbour district: Beitstad Fjord, Skraling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1373), Fram 54 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Harbour (1085, 1880). South coast: Fram Fjord (1630, 1660); Harbour Fjord, “green patch” near the anchorage (2151), Seagull Rock (2599, 2650); Goose Fjord, Falkon Cliff (2882, 3771), Gallows Point. Distribution: Northeastern and Northwestern Greenland (cf. above), Arctic American Archipelago (only a few specimens seen at Kew, but probably spread all over the islands), Arctic America, in the conti- nent down in the temperate parts and Rocky Mountains to Alberta, Wyoming and Colorado. Potentilla anserina, L. This species is recorded by Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., from Cape Sabine (Bedford Pim Island), but there are no specimens in the Nat. Hist. Museums or at Kew, to confirm his statement. He has also recorded it from Foulke Fjord and from Proven in Greenland. Now it is lacking in the list of the plants from the Hayes expedition, which wintered at Port Foulke, and, in the Danish part of the coast no other collector has found it north of the Disco-district, and therefore I think one is well justified in excluding it from the Ellesmereland flora. What Harr can have taken for P. anserina is not easily decided, but most probably, it must have been one of the preceding species. Potentilla nivea, L. This species is recorded by Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., from all his localities from Danish Greenland up to the north coast of Ellesmere- land as well as by Greety, Rep. Indeed it is not to be denied, that it could perhaps grow there, as it is to be found in Greenland, at least as far north as Foulke Fjord, and it seems also to be spread in the Arctic Archipelago. There are, however, no specimens to be found that would give the necessary confirmation to the statement of Hart, which is the more unreliable, as he has thrown together both P. Vahliana, Leum. and P. pulchella, R. Br. with it, which shows, that he has had very little knowledge of theso species (cf. under P. pulchella and P. rubricaulis). In all probability, Hart has taken P. rubricaulis for P. nivea, even if there are no specimens of the former from Ellesmere- land in the London collections, but still it may be possible that Greexy, who has recorded P. nivea as well as the var. subquinata, has also had specimens of the true P. nivea in his collection. At all events, all the localities from Hayes Sound and adjacent parts in Harvt’s list are to be excluded. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 55 Potentilla Vahliana, Lexum. P. Vahliana, Leumann, Mon. Potent., 1820, Revis. Potent., Nov. Stirp. Pug. IX; Rypserc, Mon. Amer. Potent.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; P. hirsuta, Fl. Dan., T. 1390; P. nivea var. hirsuta, Duranp, Enum. pl. Smith S.; P. nivea, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Amer.; P. nivea, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; P. Jamesoniana, Grevitie, Deser. Pot. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1890; Grevitte, |. c., T. 20; Rypsere, |. ¢., T. 35, fig. 8.; Tab. nostra 4, fig, 1. This species is very clearly described by Leumann (Mon. Potent.), and, as it is very distinct from all other arctic species, it is not easy to understand how it can notwithstanding have been so often confounded with others. Hooker, |. c., p. 195, says: “Affinis P. niveae sed certe species distincta, petalis reniformibus facile ab omnibus P. niveae formis discernenda”’: but, notwithstanding he adds: “but I possess many speci- mens of a Potentilla from the higher summits of the Rocky Mountains and from the Arctic Regions, which appear to be quite intermediate between P. Vahliana and P. nivea’. There are, however, no such specimens to be found in the Kew collections, where the Hookerian her- barium is now preserved. Several authors have since put it as a variety under P. nivea, and Meenan (Contr. Greenl.) has even taken it for P. pulchella, asis seen by the corrections of his paper made by Tx. Hotm (Contr. FI. Greenl.). Perhaps also the P. pulchella of Durann, Pl. Kan., is to be referred to this species, as far as can be judged from his description. But he has also P. nivea y, Torr. & Gray, with P. Vahliana, LeHM. as a synonym. The confusion is probably due in great part to the very bad figure in the Flora Danica, that could, but for the flower, which is decidedly that of P. Vahliana, sooner represent any other species than P. Vahliana. Even in a sterile state, the species is very easily distinguished al- ready from afar; its large, densely-packed, hemispherically-tufted indi- viduals immediately catching the eye, as they stand spread over the ground, sometimes with only the naked earth between them. The shape of the leaves also is rather characteristic, but still the flower gives the best distinguishing marks, by its size and its broadly obcordate petals (they are broader than they are long), which are of a beautiful yellow colour, with a saffron-coloured stain. It is mostly found in clay- or gravel-plains, where its strong tap- root goes deep down. Its flowering time seems to be rather late; I have never seen it in bloome before the beginning of July; in the un- 56 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM favorable year 1900, it was first seen on July 31st. But the flowering is very soon ended and the fruit seems to mature regularly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour, Harr (sub P. nivea!). Totally lacking in the Hayes Sound district as well as in the eastern part of the south coast, but common and abundant in the in- terior of the Goose Fjord, for instance: Ptarmigan Gorge (3333, 3392), Gallows Point (3000), Midday Knoll (8650), Wolf Valley. Distribution: West Greenland (northern part), Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Hudson Bay region, Rocky Mountains. Potentilla emarginata, Pursu. P. emarginata, Pursn, Fl. Amer. sept., 1814; Lramann, Mon. Potent., et Revis. Potent.; Ryppere, Mon. Amer. Potent., et Furth. Stud. Potent.; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl: non P.emarginata, Desf.; P. nana, Wittpenow, in Scuieca- TenDAL, Uebers. Willd. Potent.; Lenmann, ll. cc.; Ryprerc, Mon. Amer. Potent.; Hooker, |}. c.; Brirron & Brown, 1. c.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; P. fragiformis var. parviflora, Traurverter, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml.; Kyetiman, in Vegaexp.; Ksettman & Lunpsrrém, Fan. Noy. Seml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Narnorst, N. W. Grénland; P. fragiformis, Rypsere, Mon. Amer. Potent., non (Wittp.) Scutecut.; P. grandiflora var. parviflora, Traurvettrr, Pl. Sib. bor. et FI. rip. Kolym.; P. frigida, Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., non Vittars; (P. maculata, Greety, Rep. (?), non Pourret). Fig. Leamann, Mon. Potent., T. 17; Fl. Dan., T. 2291; Rypsese, Mon. Amer. Potent., T. 32, fig. 1—5. Purso has described (I. ¢., I, p. 353) P. emarginata in such a manner, that one can be tolerably certain which form he meant. Later his description has been made more precise by other authors, such as Leumann and Ryppere, who have also given figures. JI am indeed in no doubt about my plant being identical with that of KoHLmetster, col- lected in Labrador, on which Pursu founded his species, but. still it remains to be seen if there are no objections to the name. It is a fact that it is used already 1804 for quite another plant by Desron- TainEs (Tableau de ]’Ecole de Botanique, p. 177), but without a descrip- tion. The name of Desronraines seems never to have been used, and Pursu was at liberty to avail himself of the same specific name (cf. also Leumann, Mon. Potent., p. 175). Previously, however, WiLttpeNow had, in his herbarium, distin- guished the plant in question as P. nana, and ScuiecuTenpat kept this name when, in Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, he gave an account of some Potentillae in the herbarium Wittpenow. The above-quoted paper of ScHLecaTENDAL is published in volume 7 of Mag. 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 57 d. Ges. naturf. Fr. for the year 1813, but the title-page gives the year of publication as 1816. Even if some part of the volume was printed earlier, that can hardly have been the case with ScHLECHTENDAL’s paper, which is among the last in the volume, and consequently must be of later date than Pursn’s Flora, the more so as the 6th volume of the same periodical (for 1812), is published in 1814, according to the title- page. From this it follows, that one is obliged, in looking upon P. emar- ginala, Pursu, and P. nana, ScuLecut., as synonyms (which, I think, is inevitable), to use the former name. As to the above-quoted name of Trautverrer, it must firstly be mentioned that P. fragiformis is also a herbarium name of WILLDENow, which ScuLecHTenpaL has published in the same paper. The name P. fragiformis is indeed to be upheld, but for quite another species, which has its principal distribution in East Asia and the Bering Sea region. It differs from P. emarginata in its broader and more rounded, less deeply incised leaflets, whose teeth are less acute. The whole plant is larger and coarser, leafy up even to the considerably richer inflores- cence. Generally it is less hairy than P. emarginata or at least it has not the long projecting hairs of the stem so prominent as in the latter species. P. fragiformis can rightly be said to bear a certain resem- blance to a Fragaria, which can hardly be said of P. emarginata. The figure of Lenmann (Mon. Potent., T. 15) is rather good, even if it represents a somewhat hairy form; but the figure of Ryppere (Mon. Amer. Potent., T. 31, fig. 1) cannot have been designed from any spe- cimen of the true plant of ScHiecuTenpaL, as it has much smaller flowers and more narrow petals. This also accounts for the absence of any distinguishing marks in the description of the three species in Rypsere’s monograph. His material for the description of P. fragi- formis, partly at least, has belonged to P. emarginata, for he gives Cape York in Greenland among the places where it is found. He also mentions Alaska, where both species are found, but probably his spe- cimens from there also were P. emarginata. Specimens of the real P. fragiformis I have seen, especially from the Aleutian and other Is- lands in the Bering Sea, and also from Western Esquimaux Land (leg. Seemann), and from Siberia so far east as Patapodskoje at the Yenis- sei River (leg. M. Brenner, 79/7, 1876). Specimens very well in accor- dance with these, lay in the Copenhagen herbarium labelled: “Hort. bot. hafn. 6/6 61, sem. ex hort. Hamburg”. Even if these cultivated spe- cimens are somewhat less hairy than the figure of Leamann indicates, 58 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM still it is probable, that the seed was taken from a plant which Leu- MANN had approved of as P. fragiformis. TRAUTVETTER has here, as in several other cases, done his best to add to the already existing confusion. First be established the name P. fragiformis var. parviflora for the plant, which had already two specific names (cf. synonyms) and later he transferred it to still another species. About P. nana, (WittD.) ScHLEcHT., it must finally be added, that even if it is kept separate from P. emarginata, some authors at least have had a suspicion about their identity. Hooxer, for instance, (l. c., I, p. 194) says: “May not this be the P. emarginata, Pu.?” RypserG, who in his monograph kept three different species, has after- wards (Furth. Stud. Potent., p. 180) been forced to admit, that they are only forms of one. The character by which he has distinguished them, the length of the terminal tooth in the leaflets, is quite useless. I think that under some records of P. nivea, P. emarginata may also be found hiding. To judge from the synonyms, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., p. 19, gives under his P. nivea 8, and from a specimen collected in Melville Island by Sasine, which lay under P. nivea in the Nat. Hist. Mus. herbarium, he has had P. emarginata in front of him. In grass-clad ledges and slopes P. emarginata is a rather common plant throughout the whole region visited by me. Its first flowers came rather early, about the middle of June, but flowering specimens could still be found in August. Like all Potentillae it fruits abundantly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay and Discovery Harbour (Hart). Hayes Sound region, common and plentiful. Speci- mens from: Cape Viele (861), Skraling Island (1877), Eskimopolis (836), Cape Rutherford (318, 684), Fram Harbour (658, 1083), Cocked Hat Island (1268), Bedford Pim Island (1194, 1259). South coast, less abun- dant. Specimens from: Fram Fjord (1629); Harbour Fjord, valley on Sir Inglis Peak (2163); Goose Fjord, Gallows Point (2996), surroundings of 3th winterquarters (3183, 3264, 3481), Midday Knoll (8506), 4th winter- quarters (8958). West coast: Lands End, and between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord. Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic Ame- rican Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 59 Potentilla maculata, Pourrer. This species is recorded by Greety from Discovery Harbour. Most probably it is P. emarginata that has been mistaken for it, as the latter species is absent from Greety’s list. As it is nowhere found in the Arctic Archipelago, and as in Greenland it does not go north of the Disco region on the west coast, it is very improbable that it should grow in Grinnell Land. Saxifragaceae. Chrysosplenium alternifolium, L. var. tetrandrum, Lunp. Ch. alternifolium-tetrandrum, N. Lunn, Beretn. Ostfinm., 1846; Ch. alt. var. tetran- drum, Francuet, Mon. Chrysospl.; Anprrsson & Hesserman, Spetsb. karlv.; Ch. alternifoliwm, Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer., ex p.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. FL. ex p.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross., ex p.; Ch. tetrandrum, Fries, lakt. arkt. vaxt.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb. Even if certain differences are immediately visible when a typical specimen of the arctic Ch. tetrandrum is compared with the Ch. alter- nifolium of temperate regions, they nevertheless are united by inter- mediate forms, and Francuet, the monographer of the genus, has (I. c., p. 107) put the first-mentioned plant back in its old place as a variety of the latter. Tu. M. Fries also, has himself expressed some doubt whether the species established by him could be standing as such (Nov. Seml. veg., p. 37). Warmine, who has studied it from a flower- biological point of view, seems most disposed to keep it as a separate species, even though he says (Arkt. Vaext. Biol. p. 4) that it has doubtless sprung from Ch. allernifolium as a degraded, and for arclic conditions better adapted form. The principal character, the four stamens, he explains directly from the self-pollination, which again becomes a necessity, because insects for the pollination are so scarce (the right ones are perhaps totally absent?). The other differences between the arctic and the temperate form, the shape of the leaves, the stature, etc., can in a greater material be seen to be continually connected by inter- mediate forms. As for the more abundant development of creeping stolons, such may be found equally developed in 8-staminate forms from arctic or sub-arctic regions. It also seems quite natural, that such an adaption for vegetative multiplication should take a prominent place, 60 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM where circumstances are hardly such as to allow of development of fruit or ripe seed every year. The specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus. herbarium are not generally accessible for a closer inspection as they are closely pasted to the paper, some, however, certainly belong to the variety, and as far as may be concluded from habit, that is the case with all specimens from the Ar- chipelago and the arctic part of the continent. Some, however, may have 8 stamens, as certainly some Novaja Semlja plants have, and, perhaps, also some of Lunp’s own specimens. My specimens are, mostly at least, 4-staminate, but show an abun- dant growth. The only locality where I found the plant also was un- usually favorable, a small, sheltered slope below a high rock wall with a southern exposure, and richly watered as well as manured from the height above, where the glaucous gull had a nesting place. Here it formed, together with a large Mniwm sp. and other mosses, a densely matted vegetation. Flowering specimens as well as others with ripe seed in abundance, were found August 8th, 1900 — the only time I found it. Occurrence. South coast: Seagull Rock in the Harbour Fjord (2600). Its occurring here is of special interest, as it had not reachedGreenland !. Distribution. I must take both forms together, as sufficiently detailed statements about the area of the variety are not at, hand; Francuet, |. c., has even omitted the original locality, the Finmark, among the localities for it, which he records. Therefore J mark with an * the countries in which its occurrence is noted, or from whence I have seen specimens: *Arctic American Archipelago, *Arctic America, Northern Temperate America, British Columbia, lowa, *Colorado, *Rocky Mountains, Alaska, *Unalaschka, Pribilof Islands, *St. Lawrence Island, Arctic and Temperate Asia down to the Himalayas and the Caucasus, Northern and Central Europe (*Finmark), *Novaja Semlja, *Spitsbergen. Saxifraga oppositifolia, L. S. oppositifolia, Linnazus, Sp. plant., 1753; Srernsere, Revis. Saxifr.; Enerer, Mon. Saxifr.; Lance, Consp. FJ. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Groénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep., et Bot. Arb.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Kseruman, in Vega- exp.; Leprzour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kiirlv. Fig. Livnazus, Fl. Lapp., T. 2, fig. 1; Fl. Dan., T. 34. This species is the most common one in Ellesmereland, as it is probably everywhere in arctic countries. I have never visited a place 1 Indeed, there is in the Stockholm herbarium, one specimen labelled “e Groen- landia, ded. Vann fil., 1842”, but that probably is from Spitsbergen. 1898-1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 61 where it was not found when an excursion was made, and only in the most utterly poor limestone districts it was not immediately found after walking only a few paces on shore. It grows also in nearly every kind of locality, and even if it absent from the most swampy bottom, it can still be found on the top of the higher knolls, where it is a little drier. It is very variable, both in manner of growing and shoot-system of the individual, as well as in size and colour of the flowers. ANDERSSON & Hessetman, |. ¢., p. 25—26, have distinguished two forms, that differ in their mode of growth, f. pulvinata and f. reptans. They could also be distinguished in Ellesmereland, but I have not found them so sharply defined as, according to these authors, they must be in Spitsbergen. The same distribution of the forms, which is mentioned from Van Keu- len Bay, I have also observed in many places, and I think it is easily explained. The origin of the pulvinate form in depressions, is caused directly by the influence of outward conditions. S. oppositifolia, in fact, is not the only plant which grows thus in such localities. Cera- stium alpinum, for instance, shows there an equal tendency to form dense tufts, and another densely pulvinate plant from similar localities is Alsine Rossii. Most probably this stands in connection with the fact, that such localites, the even clay plains, as well as the depressions in the more undulated fields of the same kind, will, during the melting of the snow, all be inundated by a shallow layer of clay-laden water, which runs very slowly and deposits rather considerable quantities of loam. If S. oppositifolia should grow here as usual, prostrate ‘and spread like a mat, it would every year, be covered by a layer of clay, may be thin, which would impede its early development or even kill it. By growing in tufts which reach over the water, it avoids this, but then the forming of tufts naturally necessitates another kind of ramification. The cause for the appearance, also mentioned by the same authors, of large mats in the river beds, where also the bottom is rather little stabile, may perhaps be sought therein, that a high tuft would too easily catch the gravel transported by the fast-running wather and thus be buried. Here the plants become totally submersed during the flood and then probably, the matlike growth is less apt to hold fast the coarse mate- rial which is here carried along. Very often, however, the mats of S. oppositifolia and other plants growing in such places, are totally covered and killed, or also washed loose and swept away. S. oppositifolia is called the most arctic of all higher plants and sndeed it is found so far north as man has reached on dry ground. It is also one of the first to show signs of life in spring time and 62 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM usually the first to flower. Even so far north as Discovery Harbour, it has been found in bloom already on June 1st (1882, Greeny). In Fram Harbour, I also saw it flowering, June 1st, 1899, but the following years it came a little later. Occurrence. Common and abundant all over Ellesmereland (first mentioned from Cape Frazer by Hayes, and in his collection from Gale Point; by Weruerit from Cape Faraday, and also from Weyprecht Island in the Srein collection according to Hotm). From the western coast I only have specimens from Bay Fjord (482, leg. Bay) and Braskerud Plain (697, leg. Isacusen), but I also saw it in several places up into Baumann Fjord, and I presume that it is equally common there as to the east. Specimens in the collection: Cape Rutherford (325), Fram Harbour (288, 1094, 1162), Bedford Pim Island (265, 1311), Fram Fjord (1614), Harbour Fjord (2050), Goose Fjord (3275, 3901). Distribution: Throughout the Arctic Regions and in the higher parts of the temperate, down to New Foundland, Anticosti, Vermont, Wyoming and Oregon, Unalaschka, Alatau, Tibet, Alps, Siebenbirgen, Appenines, Sierra Nevada. Saxifraga flagellaris, Wi... S. flagellaris, Wittpenow, in Sternsere, Revis. Saxifr., 1810; Enerer, Mon. Saxifr. ; Natnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greeny, Rep.; Brown, Chlor. Melv.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksetuman, in Vegaexp.; Leprpour, FI. Ross.; Anprrsson & Hrsserman, Spetsb. karlv.; S. flag. var. setigera, ENcuzR, Mon. Saxifr.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; S. setigera, Pours, Fl. Amer. sept. Fig. Srernzere, 1. c., T. 6; Fl. Dan., T. 2353; Lepesour, Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. T. 321; Hooker, |. «, 1, T. 87. When Pursu (1. c., p. 312), 1814, described his species S. setigera, he was doubtless quite ignorant of the fact, that the same plant had, four years before, become known from the Caucasus and had been described. Moreover his material must have been very bad, as he has been induced to think that the flowers were white. Other authors soon came to the conclusion that the same plant was meant, but some, for instance Hooker (Il. c.) and Enexer (1. ¢., p. 225) have looked upon it as a variety. The last- mentioned author also gives a description of it, which is, however, some- what different from that of Pursa, who had described it with charac- ters that all, so far as they are correct, apply to the type. The distin- guished mark for the variety of Encier: “Calycis laciniae ovatae ad medium usque coalitae. Tubus ovario adhaerens”, however, does not hold good for most of my specimens, any more than it does for many 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 63 Greenland and Arctic American ones; whereas it can, on the other hand as well be applied to some Spitsbergen and North Asiatic speci- mens. The characters “caulis subuniflorus” cannot have any deciding: value, as naturally a plant gets a smaller number of flowers towards the northern limit of its area, especially when it, as in the present case, seldom or never develops ripe fruit, but spreads by vegetative propaga- tion. Still it is found with three flowers, as far north as Discovery Harbour 81° 42’. The variety of Enauer, therefore, is to be cancelled as well as the species of Pursu. The rosulae of S. flagellaris usually get loosened during the winter, when the mother-plant dies after having flowered, and then, as a rule, they attain to flowering in the following summer: the plant thus be- comes biennial. I have, however, sometimes seen great, vigorous rosu- lae that had developed no flower but only flagellae with daughter-rosulae. Such probably live over another winter and flower at the same time as the next generation. I have also seen specimens, where a daughter- plant had arrived at developing a flower, which was however sessile, already in the same year as that in which it was developed. After the flowering, the mother-plant dies and becomes loosened from the ground, but the dried flagellae still hold the daugther-individuals bound fast to it, and so it can easily come to pass, that the whole conplex is torn up (if the young plants are not yet strongly rooted) and driven away over the snow in winter time. This probably is the manner in which the plant usually spreads, as the fruit seems hardly ever to ripen in these parts. S. flagellaris generally grows in rather wet, sandy or clayey plains, sometimes also among moss, but as a rule, not in a denser vegetation of higher plants. The flowers began to show at the end of June, or beginning of July, and then it flowered until the beginning of the winter. Occurrence. Northern coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay and Discovery Harbour (Hart, GREELY). East cost, rare, only found at Cape Sabine (Bedford Pim I[sland) by Harr, by me on the south side of the same island, abundantly in a limited space (1200), and by Hayes at Gale Point (Duranp). South coast: Fram Fjord (1659), Muskox Fjord (2144); common in the Goose Fjord, specimens from east side of 3rd winterquarters (2744, 3308), Ptarmigan Gorge (3388). West coast: common at least along the Hell Gate and at Lands End, also found at Nordstrand (leg. Fosuem) and most probably spread further northward as it was found by Scuer in Heiberg Land. 64. H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Distribution: Northeast and Northwest Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, Land of the Chukches, Arctic Siberia, Altai and other mountains down to Tibet, Caucasus, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. Saxifraga aizoides, L. S. aizoides, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Srernserc, Revis. Saxifr.; Eneter, Mon. Saxifr.; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Mnrnan, Contr. Greenl.; Stumons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 72. The Ellesmereland form has entirely glabrous leaves, or, excep- tionally they are feebly ciliate. The flowers are purely yellow. In its only locality, the plant grew in wet clay or gravel on rock ledges, and flowered abundantly when first found, August 3rd, 1900. Occurrence. South coast, slopes at the Lake Valley (2025), and from there to the “green patch” (2565, 3993) at the anchorage in Har- bour Fjord. Distribution: North-eastern Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, New Foundland, Anti- costi, down to Vermont, New York, and Michigan, Rocky Mountains (absent in Asia?), Ural, Arctic Russia, Spitsbergen, Northern Finland and Scandinavia, Mountains of Central Europe and of Great Britain, Iceland. Saxifraga Hirculus, 1. S. Hirculus, Liynaeus, Sp. plant., 1753; Srernsere, Revis. Saxifr.; Encrer, Mon. Saxifr.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxrr, F]. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Brown, Chlor. Mely.; Macoun, PL Pribilof; Ksertmay, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & HEssetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Gréntounp, Isl. Fl.; S. Hire. var. alpina, Lanes, Consp. FI. Groenl. (non Eneven, |. ¢.?); S. Hire. 8 uniflora, Srrrnsrre, |. ¢.; 8. propinqua, Brown, List of pl., ex Chlor. Melv. Fig. Sv. Bot. T. 625; Fl. Dan., T. 200. The Ellesmereland form of this plant entirely resembles that from East Greenland, which Lance has identified with the var. alpina ot Encier, whose description (I. c., p. 124) runs as follows: “Caulis hu- milis. Folia basalia numerosa, spathulata atque caulina oblonga, mar- gine ciliata. Sepala fere ovata. Petala obovato oblonga”. Lancer, how- ever, has altered the discription to: “Humilis @—3” longa) condensata et caespitosa, folia latiora quam in forma typica (Fl. Dan. tab. 200!), 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 65 subspathulata; petala majora, intense lutea”. Thus he gets the descrip- tion to apply to the Greenland plant, and further he says, that the same form occurs in Iceland, Spitsbergen, Arctic Siberia and Arctic North America, and that, notwithstanding that Encier has mentioned his plant only from Sikkim and Tibet, the northern one is also to be referred to it. As I have not had any opportunity of seeing authentic specimens of Encuer’s variety, I cannot form any decided opinion about its value. At least it seems difficult to define, as both sepals and petals are very variable in shape even in the same flower. However one of his dis- tinguishing marks could perhaps be more usable, viz. the ciliation of the leaves. But this is not mentioned by Lane, probably because it is entirely wanting in the Greenland and Iceland specimens. Apart from this, at least some of the specimens from Iceland, Spitsbergen, Northern Siberia, etc., in the Copenhagen herbarium, accord rather well with the description of ENGLER, but just one of them, which has most conspi- cuously rosulate and broad basal leaves, broad sepals and large flowers (from Alatau, Brorurerus 1896) is by Encuer himself determined as the typical form. Even if some Sikkim specimens, that I have seen, are rather more in accord with Eneier’s description, I still doubt whether his variety can be upheld, and in each case, the Arctic American-Green- land form must not be referred to it. It differs from the Iceland—Spitsbergen—Siberian plant as well as from the common European form in its manner of growing in great, loose tufts, formed of numerous upright rhizome-branches, that end either in sterile or floriferous shoots. The leaves are very narrow, or even linear, the flowers rather small. Even if the name of Enater must be discarded for this variety, there still exists a name for it, viz., S. pro- pinqua, R. Brown. This indeed from the first is a nomen nudum, but Ros. Brown has afterwards himself given a short description of it in Chlor. Melv., p. 15, where he has reduced it to a variety of S. Hir- culus!, Srernsere, |. c., suppl. II, p. 18, indeed has called the plant of Brown S. Hirculus 8 uniflora, which, however, he had no right what- ever to do. If, therefore, the arctic-american form is to be kept sepa- rate as a variety which seems rather well founded by the above-men- tioned characters that distinguish it from the european and _asiatic forms, it must be called S. Hirculus, L. var. propinqua, (R. Br.). 1 I have had the opportunity of seeing, in the Nat, Hist. Mus., authentic speci- mens from Melville Island. 5 66 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP, FRAM The plant grew in swamps, generally in deep moss. The flowers were seen about the beginning of July. Occurrence. Only found in the southern coast, where it was fairly common in swamps: Fram Fjord, in several places (1615); Har- bour Fjord, Big Valley (2336), Sir Inglis Peak (2450); Muskox Fjord (2118); Goose Fjord, valley at the bottom (3269), Yellow Hill (8724), and many other places. Not found in the west coast, but probably growing there, as Scuet had it in his Heiberg Land collection. Distribution: North-eastern Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago (widely distributed), Arctic America, down to Labrador and Sas- katchawan, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia, Kamshatka, Temperate Asia down to the Himalayas and Caucasus, Northern and Central Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, mountains of Great Britain, Iceland. Saxifraga tricuspidata, Rorts. S. tricuspidata, Rorrséiz, Pl. Isl. Grénl., 1770; Rerzrus, Fl. Seand. Prodr.; Stern- BerG, Revis. Saxifr.; Exeter, Mon. Saxifr.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greery, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooker, Fl. Bor, Amer.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl.; Lepresour, Fl. Ross.; S. Chamissoi, SternBere, |. ¢.. suppl. Fig. Rorrséxt, |. c., T. 6, fig. 21; Fl. Dan., T. 976. Some american botanists (Gray, Bot. N. Un. St. p. 143; Brirron & Brown, |. ¢, II, p. 172) give the colour of the flower as yellow, but as Hart, |. ¢., p. 32, observes, this does not hold true. The petals are either entirely pure white, or more or less dotted with purple or orange stains, but they are never entirely yellow in the living plant. In dried specimens, and especially in badly-preserved ones, they will of course get a yellowish appearance, and the mistake may have arisen from the authors mentioned having had only dried specimens from which to form the description. Hooker, |. ¢., I, p. 254, has “petalis obovato- oblongis albis immaculatis’. Brirron & Brown also are mistaken in recording the plant from “Arctic Europe”. Probably this is due to their quoting Rerzius as author instead of RotrséLt; indeed it is rather misleading, that this merely american plant has been entered in the above-quoted work of Rerzius. The plant is generally found in gravelly localities, where, as also in the dense vegetation of slopes, it can become large, vigorous, long- branched, and forms wide-spread mats. In rock ledges and in very dry places it becomes small and reduced, and sometimes gets entire 1898 — 1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 67 leaves having only one spine at the tip (f. integrifolia, Van Hirren °), thus getting a certain resemblance to S. bronchialis, L. Another stunted form the S. Chamissoi, Srerns. represents, as far as can be judged from the figure (Il. c., T. 10). The flowers were found after the middle of June, and than its flowering time continued until the frost set in. The flowers often remained frozen all through the whole winter, so as to give the plant the appearance, in early spring, of having already begun to flower; but when the blossoms thawed they soon faded. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound region: rather com- mon; specimens from: Skriling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1387), Cape Viele (959), Cape Rutherford (326), Bedford Pim Island (1217). South coast: common in the archaean district, specimens from Fram Fjord (1655), Harbour Fjord (1863, 2566); more rare in the limestone region, for instance, South Cape, Muskox Fjord; more common again in the south western sandstone district, especially in the Goose Fjord (3494). West coast: Braskerud Plain (703, leg. IsacusEn). Distribution: North-eastern Greenland (rare), North-western Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America and down to Labrador, New Foundland, Lake Superior, Rocky Mountains, and Alaska. Saxifraga nivalis, L. S. nivalis, Linnaeus, Sp. plant. 1753; Srernsere, Revis. Saxifr.; Encrer, Mon. Saxifr.; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; GreeLy, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, lll. FL; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & HesseLman, Spetsb. kiirlv.; Kruusr, Jan May. * Fig. Sv. Bot. T. 728; Fl. Dan., T. 28. This species is rather commonly distributed, but rarely abundant. It is rather variable in size, hairiness, etc., and the inflorescence can be either subcapitate or branched, very often there is a stronger branch some way down on the stalk, below the rest of the inflorescence. Be- sides the typical form, also occurs the variety: Var. tenuis, WAHLENB. S. nivalis var. tenwis, Wantensere, FI. Lapp., 1812; Srernpere, |, ¢.; Ksereman, lL. ¢.; Lepesour, |. c.; Anpersson & HesseLman, lc; S. niv. var. tenwior, Wanten- sere, Fl. Suec.; Laner, 1. ¢. Fig: Linnarus, Fl. Lapp., T. 2, fig. 5. This form which is smaller in all parts than the typical one, and almost glossy glabrous, and which has the few flowers of the inflores- 68 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM cence somewhat longer pedicellate than in the type, is spread all over the parts of Ellesmereland visited by me, but rather sparingly. It was generally found in shady, densely moss-covered places. Lange, I. c., p. 60, quotes S. pauciflora, SrernperG, |. c. suppl. I, p. 6 and T. 4, as a synonym of this variety. But according to the description, this should be rather hairy, which points to the type, where also Eneter, l. ¢., p. 145, puts it. But Eneer has also, |. c., p. 147, established a var. ramosa, which seems according to the description: ‘“Caulis apicem versus ramosus, ramis mulltifloris, floribus sessilibus, plus minusve glome- ratis”, soonest to comprehend the largest and most flourishing forms of S. nivalis (for instance, specimens n. 1149 from Cape Rutherford). Nevertheless the older name of WaHLENBERG is cited as a synonym of this variety, as well as the above-quoted figure in Linnagus’ Fl. Lapp. But as this clearly shows a form with unbranched stalk and pedicellate flowers, which moreover is glabrous, and rather small, viz., combines all the characteristics of the variety of WanLENBERG, neither quotation is to be referred to the variety of ENGLER. S. nivalis was generally found in somewhat moist slopes and rock- ledges, the variety with the type or, more often, in shady places. It was most common in the archaean district, less in the limestone tracts, where, however, it could be especially abundant in rookeries. In flower’ about the beginning of July and with flowers to the beginning of the winter. Fruited richly. Britton & Brown (1. c., II, p. 174) have the following curious note: ‘Said to flower beneath the snow”. Probably this statement is due to flowers from last year, found preserved under the snow, which have been believed to be developed in the spring before the thawing of the snow. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart! GrEELy). Hayes Sound district, common, specimens from: Skraling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1366), Cape Rutherford (308, 1149, *4220), Fram Har- bour (1087, *285), Cocked Hat Island (1286), Bedford Pim Island (257, *4219). South coast, rather common; specimens from: Fram Fjord (1616); Harbour Fjord, Sir Inglis Peak (2164), at the Western Sound (2443), Seagull Rock (2580), Lake Valley (*2463), Spade Point (*2573); Goose Fjord, Falcon Cliff (2875), Yellow Hill (8592, *3637), Midday Knoll (3495), 3rd winter quarters (3304), Gallows Point (*2989). Also found by WetueriLt. West coast: common along the Hell Gate to Lands End (*2849), Braskerud Plain (710, leg. Isacusen). Numbers marked with * belong to the variety. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 69 Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Canada, Rocky Mountains to Arizona, Alaska, Unalaschka, Northern Siberia, Kamshatka, Baical Mountains, Ural, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Russia, Finland, Scandinavia, Riesengebirge, mountains of Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Saxifraga stellaris, L. var. comosa, Retz. S. stellaris 8 comosa, Rerztus, Fl. Scand. Prodr., 1779; Porrer, in Lamancs, Encyclo- pédie méthodique, VI, ex Lepesour, FI. Ross.; Encter, Mon. Saxifr.; Lanes, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusz, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Gronl.; Sim- mons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Ksertman, in Vegaexp.; Macovun, PI. Pribilof ; Anpersson & Huzssztman, Spetsb. karlv.; S. stellaris var. prolifera, Srrrnpere, Mon. Saxifr., suppl. II; S. foléolosa, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv.; Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer.; S. comosa, Britron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; S. nivalis forma, Oniver, List fl. pl.; S. virginiensis, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., non Micnavx. Fig. Luvnagus, Fl. Lapp., T. 2, fig. 8; Fl. Dan., T. 2854. In Ellesmereland, I have always seen S. stellaris represented only by this variety, never with even a single flower developed. The same was the case in Foulke Fjord, and Ivsugigsok is the only place north of Melville Bay from which I have seen it with terminal flower (in some of the specimens of Narsorst). At Godhavn, it generally had top flowers, even if the others were replaced by gemmae, but in southern Greenland it passes into the typical form, which probably fruits there. The var. comosa is doubtless only a form adapted to high arctic conditions, and would, if it were cultivated in more southern regions, probably go over to the typical one. To me, it seems therefore quite out of the question to look upon it as a separate species. The variety is first mentioned by Livnarus, Fl. Lapp. (I have only had access to Ed. Il of J. E. Smrrs, 1792, but this is, in most parts, a reprint of Ed. I). Here a clear description is given, as also a rather good figure, but no name. Rerztus, |. c., p. 79, is the first to use the name f comosa, with reference to the figure in the Fl. Lapp., and conse- quently he is to be quoted as author, instead of Porer who later has used the same name, but who is nevertheless quoted by Encier, l. c., p. 133, and others. S. stellaris var. comosa is not common in Ellesmereland and in most localities only single individuals were found, but it is probably spread over the whole country. Hart and Greety indeed have not mentioned it from the northern parts, but the former nevertheless did find it. Specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus. herbarium show that the “S. 70 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM nivalis forma monstrosa, floribus proliferis’ of O iver, about which Hart, |. c, p. 381, says, “may possibly be a variety of S. Virginiensis, Micu.,” is really this plant. It was in general found in wet places, in swamps, or in shady localities among moss. Occurrence, Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay (leg. FEmpen!), Discovery Harbour (leg. Harr!). Hayes Sound district: Skraling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1882), Lastraea Valley (1237), Cape Rutherford (1158), Fram Harbour (1098, 1420), Bedford Pim Island at Cape Sabine (276) and on the south side. South coast: Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Seagull Rock, Sir Inglis Peak, at the Western Sound (2436), Lake Valley (2462), Spade Point (2530, 2574); Goose Fjord, Yellow Hill (4221), and several places around the 8rd winter quarters. West coast: only ob- served at Lands End. Distribution: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Maine, Colorado, Pri- bilof Islands, Arctic Siberia, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia. The main species also in the Baical Mountains, Central and South European mountains, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland. Saxifraga groenlandica, L. S. groenlandica, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; S. caespitosa, Linnakus, |. ¢., ex p., secus Eneier, Mon. Saxifr.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greery, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, III. Fl.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hrssetman, Spetsb. karly.; Hartman, Skand. FI.; S. decipiens, Enruart, ex Encter, |. c.; Sternaere, Revis. Saxifr.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. GreenJ., et Jan May.; Groniunp, Isl. Fl; Osten- reLp, Phan. Faer.; S. decip. f. caespitosa, Ksettman, in Vegaexp. Fig. Sv. Bot. T. 7381; Fl. Dan., T. 71, 1888. Encter, |. c., p. 187, points out, that Linnagrus has understood by his S. caespitosa both certain forms of that plant found in Scandinavia which has afterwards usually passed under this name in our floristic literature, as well as the S. moschata, Wuxr. which is commonly spread in the Alps. As the name S. caespitosa is further used by different authors, now for one, now for another plant, he deems it best to let the ambiguous name S. caespitosa fall, and to use other names for the two plants that Liynarus united. This may be quite right, but in doing so, he nevertheless, in my opinion, becomes guilty of two faults, viz., for one thing he uses the name caespitosa, L. for a sub-species of the plant which he calls S. decipiens, Euru., for the other, he uses the 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 71 latter name instead of S. groenlandica, L., a name which is quite as old as the name caespitosa (Sp. plant., Ed. I, p. 404). Even if it has not from the beginning had reference to the entire range of forms of the species, it must nevertheless be used for it and not for one of the forms only as is done by Enorer, |. c, and others. In Encrer & Prant, Pflanzenfam. III, 2a, p- 55, EncLer again has used S. deci- piens, Enru. for the main species, S. caespitosa, L. is said to exist only “in den arktischen Landern und auf den Rocky Mountains”. I have not been able to find the original description of Euruarr’s S. decipiens; it does not exist where Enater (I. c., p. 186) quotes it from, Earuarr, Beitr. Naturk., V., p. 47. But even if it should apply better to the entire series of forms within the range of the species, the oldest name must, in all circumstances, be kept up, and for the above-mentioned reasons I consider that, as there are two equally old names given by Linnaeus, the right course to take must be to give preference to the name S. groen- landica, which can only apply to the arctic and sub-arctic plant here in question, and not to any of the similar species of central European mountains. In the herbarium of Linnagus, some parts of which I have had occasion, through the kindness of the Secretary of the Linnaean Society of London, Mr. B. Daypon Jackson, to inspect, there is no “S. groenlandica” to be found, and “4S. caespitosa’’ is only represented by one specimen from Idwell in Carnarvonshire, which is the plant com- monly understood by that name, and another quite different one, without any note about its origin. That Lapeyrouse (Fl. Pyren.) and others have used the name S. groenlandica wrongly, is of no consequence. Under his S. caespitosa, ENGLER enumerates a great many diffe- rent forms, that are very difficult to keep distinct. One of the best characterised, however, seems to be the one which Ros. Brown in Chlor. Mely., p. 16, describes as S. uniflora (he had already used the name without description in his List of pl. in Ross, Voyage I). The author himself says about it: ‘“Nimis affinis S. caespitosae Linn.; vix distincta species”. Encier has it, as far as I understand him right, as a form under S. decipiens var. caespitosa (cf. 1. c., p. 190). Too much stress, however, must not be laid upon the characteristic expressed in the name, but the description must be given approximately the form it has in Lance, l. c., p. 62. S. groenlandica, L. var. uniflora, (R. Br.) m. Humilis, pulvinata; foliis radicalibus aggregatis, trifidis, cuneatis, breve petiolatis, laciniis obtusis; foliis caulinis linearibus vel inferne lobis lateratibus angustis instructis; flore unico (vel 2—3): laciniis calycis obtusis; petalis albis, 72 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM calyce duplo longioribus; calyce, ovario, caule, foliisque caulinis super- ioribus nigroglandulosis, plus minus viscidis. This, in Ellesmereland, is the most common form, spread in diffe- rent sorts of localities, principally in gravel plains, slopes, and rookeries. Only in a few places, in the shade of rocks or in especially flourishing vegetation it would go over into forms more like those from southern parts of the area of the species. The flowers were found from the middle of June till the end of the summer. Besides the forms connecting the var. uniflora with the type, there are also two other forms of it to be mentioned. At Walrus Island Hart has, July 1875, collected a specimen, which was all, or at least most of the leaves, entire, rounded, obovate, but for the rest like var. wni- flora. It might perhaps be worthy of a name, but I shall abstain from giving it one, as I have seen so little of it. But to another form a separate name shall be given: forma flavescens n. f.: contracta vel fere acaulis, dense pulvinata, minus nigro-glandulosa, floribus magnis, petalis pallide flavis. In Ellesmereland, this was only once found in a clay plain, but I also collected it in Devil’s Island in Cardigan Strait. In Greenland it also may occur, as Lance says about S. decipiens: “petala luteolo- alba”. In the common form of S. groenlandica the petals are always purely white, but in dried specimens one cannot be quile sure of the real colour. Perhaps this form might be ranged as a variety besides var. uniflora, but still I think it better only to give it rank as a form thereof. Occurrence. Specimens of the main form, or at least very like it, I have from the South coast: Harbour Fjord at the anchorage (2327); valley at the bottom of Goose Fjord (8273). Var. uniflora. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). East coast: common probably every- where along the coast. According to Hart, |. c., p. 30, it should be the most common plant in Grinnell Land, and it is mentioned by Duranp from Gale Point. Specimens from the Hayes Sound region: Cape Rutherford (312), Bedford Pim Island (298, 445, 1185). South coast: observed almost everywhere. Specimens from: Fram Fjord (1656); Harbour Fjord, Sir Inglis Peak (2171, 2448); Goose Fjord, Yellow Hill (3574), Midday Knoll (8496, 3638), 3rd winter quarters (3182), Falcon Cliff (4222), interior of Walrus Fjord, (2112). West coast: along the Hell Gate, at Lands End, and between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fyjord, doubtless also further northwards, but not brought home from the 1900— 1902. No.2. VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 73 Ellesmereland side by the sledging parties. F. flavescens: in clay soil in the great valley at the bottom of the Goose Fjord (3274), Distribution: Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, New Foundland, Canada, Rocky Mountains to Colo- rado, Alaska, Arctic Siberia, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia, mountains of Germany (not in the Alps), Jura, Pyrenées, mountains of France, Belgium, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Saxifraga groenlandica, L. * exaratoides, n. subsp. S. mixta, Lareyrouss, Fl. Pyren., ex p.? 9. exarata, Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer., non Vinvars. Fig. Tab. nostra 7, fig. 1—5. Laxe pulvinata, caulibus numerosis, 1—4 foliatis; folia basalia tri- loba, cuneata, lobis acutiusculis; folia caulina remota, inferiora triloba, superiora linearia, glandulosa; inflorescentia subcorymbosa, flore ter- minali lateralibus majore; flores omnino parvae; lacinia calycina acutius- cula; petala parva, angustata, sepalis parum longiora, alba vel pallide rosea. When I first found this plant, I was in great doubt how to classify it. Indeed I did not doubt that it must belong to the form-series of S. groenlandica, but, on the other hand, there was a certain resemblance in the flowers to S. nivalis that was found rather abundantly in the same locality. The small, agglomerate, reddish flowers at first sight reminded me very much of the latter species. I thought also that it could perhaps be a hybrid between the above-mentioned species, but many things tell against that: firstly that its fruit, to judge from the old stalks, was well developed, that it was found in great numbers and that hybridisation is a thing which must not be too easily assumed in arctic regions. As will be shown below, I have since seen specimens of it from other parts of the world also, and have even found it men- tioned in literature, and at last I arrived at the conclusion that it had to be looked upon as a sub-species of S. groenlandica. From that species it differs, however, evidently in its very small flowers that are very densely clustered in a sub-corymbose inflorescence, with petals that are not purely white but which have a touch of pink. The flowers also are more numerous than in the common S. groen- landica var. uniflora. The central flower is generally considerably 74- H. G. SIMMONS. [sEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM larger than the lateral ones, and has somewhat longer petals, which, however, are hardly more than a third part longer than the calyx-lobes. The glandulose covering resembles that of the var. uniflora but is feebler. Habitually S. *eaaratoides shows a considerable resemblance to S. exarata, Vitu., and has also been taken for that species. When exa- mining my material, and comparing it with specimens in the Copen- hagen herbarium, I was for a time inclined to refer my plant to the latter species, the more so, as it is also recorded from the Rocky Moun- tains; but. upon closer examination, it appeared that the plant which Hooker calls S. exarata could not be identical with the european species. On the other hand, his description applied very well to my Ellesmereland specimens, and in assuming these to belong to the same form as the Rocky Mountains plant, it was easily understood why Hooxer (I. c., I, p. 244) could speak of the difficulty of distinguishing S. exarata from S. caespitosa. Afterwards, when [ was studying at Kew, I found the identical specimens from the Hookerian herbarium from which Hooxer’s description must have been made. They were collected by Drummonp in the Rocky Mountains, and on the label stands: “S. caespitosa ?? var. florib. minoribus sed vix”. The plant was entirely in accord with my Ellesmereland one, as were also some other speci- mens which will be mentioned in the statement about the distribution. In Copenhagen, I also saw european specimens of it, collected in the Western Pyrenées by the elder Biyrr, and also one which was probably from Unalaschka. Buytt’s plant has a certain interest, not only be- cause it extends the range of the sub-species so far, but also because it helps one to understand what is comprehended in S. miata, Lapry- rousg, 1. c. It can hardly be doubted, that his figure 20 represents the same plant as Bryrr’s specimens, but on the other hand the figure 21 gives a plant differing in its looser mode of growth, its strongly veined leaves, and the laxer inflorescence. I should think this must be referred to S. ewarata. Don, Mon. gen. Saxifr., p. 433, puts S. miata, Lap. as a synonym under S. exarata, but Encier has kept S. mixta as a separate species, which may perhaps be right, even if it has originally comprehended different plants. It must, partly at least, have reference to a plant with veined leaves, but the flowers are represented as pink, which does not apply to S. exarata. I must, however, leave aside what is really meant by S. mixta, Lap. The true S. exarata differs habitually from our plant in its far more slender growth, in its very 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 75 much feebler glandulose covering, often 5-cleft leaves with narrower, obtuse segments. Occurrence and habitat. S. *exaratoides was only found at the Falcon Cliff in the Goose Fjord in Southern Ellesmereland, in the rich slope below a nesting-place of glaucous gulls, falcon and other birds. When collected, July 20, 1901, it was in full bloom and many fruit stalks from last year were also seen in the plants (2870). Distribution: West Greenland ? (some specimens in the Copen- hagen herbarium may perhaps be referred to it). Northwest coast of America, Menzies (Nat. Hist. Mus. sub S. exarata), “frequent upon the Rocky Mountains between 52° and 56°,” Drummonp, (Hooker, l. c.), Gray’s Peak, Colorado (1300 feet), Marcus E. Jones 1878 (Nat. Hist. Mus. sub S. caespitosa), Mt Agassiz (Alt. 1200), N. Arizona, J. G. Lemmon and wife 1884 (Nat. Hist. Mus. sub S. caespitosa); Unalaschka (?); probably at Kotzebue Sound. Perhaps in the Land of the Chukches (sub S. exarata in Lepepour, Fl. Ross., II, 1, p. 224). Western Pyrenées (BiyTT). . Saxifraga cernua, L. S. cernua, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Srernperc, Revis. Saxifr.; Eneter, Mon. Saxifr.; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvsr, List E. Greenl.; Natuorsr, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greery, Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anprrsson & Hessriman, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruusz, Jan May. Fig. Livwazus, Fl. Lapp., T. 2, fig. 4; Sv. Bot, T. 730; Fl. Dan., T. 22, 390; Srernpere, |. c., T. 12, fig. 2. Very common in almost every locality except svamps. Most abun- dant in rookeries and places of old Eskimo habitation. More than one flower rarely developed, often none; the bulbillae are probably its only organs of propagation, as the fruit was never developed so far as | have seen. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart, GRreeELy), north of Princess Marie Bay (Hart), probably common. Hayes Sound region, common; specimens from: Cape Rutherford (315), Fram Har- bour (295, 1098), Bedford Pim Island (261). South coast, common; specimens from: Fram Fjord (1657), Harbour Fjord (2438). West coast: between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord. Distribution: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, New Foundland, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Asia, Kamshatka, down 76 H. G. SIMMONS. |SEC. ARCT. EXP, FRAM to Altai and Tibet, Arctic Russia, European mountains down to Spain and Portugal, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland, Novaja Semlja, Spits- bergen, Franz Joseph Land, Jan Mayen. Saxifraga rivularis, 1. S. rivularis, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Srernperc, Revis. Saxifr.; Enezer, Mon. Saxifr.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greery, Rep.;. Hooxer, Fi. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, JI. Fl.; Kszxumay, in Vegaexp.; Jepzsour, Fl. Ross.; An- persson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruusr, Jan May.; S. vaginata, Srern- BERG, l. c, Suppl. Il; S. Lawrentiana, Seriner, in Decanvo.ie, Prodr.; S. petiolaris, R. Brown, List of pl., et Chlor. Melv. Fig. Liynarus, FI. Lapp., T. 2, fig. 7; Srerneere, I. c., T. 12, fig. 4; Sv. Bot., T. 729; Fl. Dan., T. 118. Rather variable in size, shape of the leaves, hairiness, colour of the flower, &c. I have not, however, been able clearly to distinguish any of the forms, which Eneuer, |. c., p. 105, has described, but I think that some of my specimens from rather dry, mossy localities may be refer- red to the var. purpurascens of Lanes, |. c., p.62. They have red flowers, but that seems also to be the case with specimens of Ros. Rrown’s S. hyperborea, which is also a variety of the present species. Lance has the var. hyperborea also as different from his own form, but surely it is very difficult to draw the line between them. My specimens with red flowers have generally a.single stem only, but Lance says about var. purpurascens ‘dense pulvinato-caespitosa”, which again holds true also for some of the hyperborea specimens, at least, that I have seen in the Nat. Hist. Mus. Of S. hyperborea there exists no figure, as it is a mistake when Encter, |. c., quotes STERNBERG, Suppl. II, T. 15. Some plants belonging to S. rivularis are indeed figured, but of S. hyperborea no figure is given. Another peculiar form, which, however, is not sharply defined, was found in several localities (464, 640, 1103); it is almost stalkless, very small, and generally densely tufted. The plants designed with the names S. vaginata, SrernperG, Suppl. I, p. 39 and T. 15, S. petiolaris, R. Brown, List of pl., and Chlor. Melv., S. Laurentiana, Serince in Decanpoze, Prodr. IV, p. 35, are not to be distinguished even as varieties. The name S. Chamissonis is also used for S. rivularis by STERNBERG, but only in labels (I have seen a specimen in the Stockholm herbarium ‘ex insula Chamissonis, misit Chamisso”’), but later, he has transferred the name, altered to S. Chamissoi, to another plant (cf. S. tricuspidata). S. rivularis is spread over the territories visited, but is not plenti- ful. It grew generally in wet places, among moss or in clay soil, the 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. TY. redflowered variety in somewhat drier, but nevertheless moss-covered, rockledges. Flowers from the end of June. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Bellot Island in Lady Franklin Bay (Hart), Discovery Harbour (Greety). Hayes Sound district: Beitstad Fjord, Skraling Island, Cape Viele (884), Eskimopolis (843), Lastraea Valley, Cape Rutherford, Fram Harbour (454, 640, 1103, 1401), Cocked Hat Island, Bedford Pim Island (268, and Cape Sabine, Hart), Brevoort Is- land (1208, leg. Fosuem). South coast: Harbour Fjord, in several places (2440, 2464, 2527); Goose Fjord, in several places. West coast: only seen from Braskerud Plain (708, leg. Isacusen). Distribution: Both coasts of Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America, Labrador, White Mountains, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Alaska, islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic Asia, Kamshatka, Baical Mountains, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia, Scotland, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Cruciferae. Hesperis Pallasii, (Pursu) Torr. & Gray. Cheiranthus Pallasii, Pursu, Fl. Amer. sept., 1814; Ch. ? Pallasii, Hooxrr, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ch. pygmaeus, Apams, Descr. plant. min. cogn.; Greezy, Rep.; Sisym- briwm pygmaeum, Trautverter, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml.; Ksetiman, in Vegaexp.; Hesperis pygmaea, Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer., non Deus; H. Hookeri, Levr- pour, Fl. Ross.; H. Pallasii, Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Amer.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Natsorst, N. W. Gronl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Simons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb. Fig. Hooxer, ]. c. I, T. 19. As the above synonymic shows, there have been rather different opinions as to the place of this species. An examination of the seed, however, has convinced me that the plant must be referred to the Noto- rhizae of DecanpoLtte, Systema. Consequently, it can be no Cheiran- thus, and it differs from Sisymbrium, where TRavTVETTER has placed it, in several respects, such as the rather deeply saccate transversal sepals, the deeply divided stigma and the violet petals. LepEBour is quite right in observing that the species-name of Apams cannot be used when the plant is referred to Hesperis, but evidently at first he has not known the Cheiranthus Pallasii of Pursu, which is the oldest name, as he gives it a new one. However in the Addenda (1. ¢., I, p. 759) he has put Pursu’s name among the synonyms. Among the Ellesmereland plants, H. Pallasii is pre-eminent by its strongly sweet-scented flower. This quality, as is well known, is 78 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM very rare in arctic plants as a whole, as the pollination by means of insects plays so small a part in the Arctic Regions. I have had no opportunity of observing which insects visit the flowers of Hesperis, as I only saw it twice and only in a few individuals; but Harr, 1. ¢., p. 26, speaks of a minute red dipterous insect, which he found in them. The pods are not plane as Hooker, |. c., p. 60, says, but must rather be described as terete, but for the strong middle vein, which forms a sort of keel. Different authors have differently designated the plant in question — as annual or biennial. As a fact, it is, at least in the regions where I saw it, perennial, as was to be seen in individuals furnished with fruit-stalks from last year as well as with new inflores- censes. Some individuals were also seen that had died after flowering (for the first time?), but probably those also were several years old. It was found only on slopes of gravel, where the strong root could descend deeply, and was found in flower already June 11th, 1899. Pods from last year with ripe seed, were also seen at the same time. GREELY, l. c. Il, p. 12, mentions it as flowering in Discovery Harbour already June 8th, 1883. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, Bellot Island, Muskox Bay (Hart). Hayes Sound district: Beitstad Fjord, innermost part (650), Twin Glacier Valley in Alexandra Fjord (881). Not found on the western coast, but probably growing there, as Scuet collected it at Hyperite Cape in Heiberg Land. Distribution: Northwestern Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America, Alaska, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Novaja Semlja. Braya purpurascens, (R. Br.) Buner. Platypetalum purpurascens, Ros. Brown, Chlor. Mely., 1823; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Braya purpurascens, Buner, in Lepenour, FI. Ross.; Geert, Not. Arct. Pl.; Lanes, Consp. Fl. Groen].; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Simons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Ksetpman & Lunp- strom, Fan. Noy. Seml.; B. alpina var. glabella, Greniy, Rep. (?); B. glabella, Ricuarpsox, App. Franklin I (ex p.?); B. alpina, Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Nartuorst, N. W. Gronl.; non Srernperc & Hoppe. Fig. Fl. Dan., 2295; Grtrrt, 1. ¢, fig. 3. GzterT has (I. c., p. 291—294) given an explanation of the rela- tions between the plant here in question and the true B. alpina, and has stated their distribution as far as the material which he has had 1898—1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 79 an opportunity of examining allowed, and I have very little to add to his statement, except the appearance of the species in some of the places that I visited. He has given preference to the specific name of R. Brown, as the synchronous one of RicHarpson is said to be referable to B. alpina, as appears from a specimen, collected by RicHarpson, now in the Nat. Hist. Mus. This I have myself seen and can only verify Grvert’s classification, but I have also seen another specimen in the Copenhagen herbarium, which is labelled (in the handwriting of Lance): “Braya purpurascens (R. Br.) Ledeb., Braya glabella Richards., ex expeditione Franklim’”’. It contains two plants, of which one has very young pods, and the other is in so bad a state of preservation, that it is hardly possible to determine. As far as I can judge, however, Lance seems to be right. If it be so, RicHarpson must have collected both, and made no difference between them, which also seems very probable, for it would be rather curious if he had not found the species which some- what further north, is the only one of the genus. I am most inclined to think, that he has indeed meant the same plant as R. Brown at the same time described from the first Parry-expedition. Still, I think that the. name purpurascens must be retained, as there is no doubt about its meaning, rather than the ambiguous B. glabella. B. purpurascens grows principally in open clay soil, where some- times it will appear in abundance; less often single individuals are found in a closer vegetation. Flowers from the beginning of July, and fruits abundantly. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: St. Patrick’s Bay, Discovery Harbour, Cape Collinson, Norman Lockyer Island(Hart). (Absent from the Hayes Sound region ?). South coast: Fram Fjord (1640); Harbour Fjord, many places (2388, 2555); Muskox Fjord (2118, 2137, 2148); Goose Fjord, common in the inner part (3326). Western coast: Reindeer Cove, Lands End, between Kids- fjord and Bauman Fjord, Coal Bay. Distribution: Northeastern and Northwestern Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Bering Sea Region, Arctic Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. 80 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Arabis arenicola, (Ricuarps.) GELERT. Eutrema arenicola, Ricuarpson, in Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer. I, 1840; Sisymbrium humifusum, Vaut, Fl. Dan.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Arabis humifusa, Warson, Contr. Amer. Bot.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Parrya arenicola, Hooker, Outl. of Distrib.; Greety, Rep. (2); Arabis arenicola, Grtert, Not. Arct. Pl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb. Fig. Fl. Dan, T. 2297; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer., I, T. 24; Geert, 1. c, fig. 1. The synonyms and distribution of this plant are also very thoroughly examined by Getert, |. c., p. 2837—91, so as to make it quite unneces- sary to go into details about it. It may only be added that the plant has nothing to do with A. lyrata, L., to which it is referred in the Index Kewensis. The Ellesmereland specimens, of which I have only a couple, are very small with somewhat more dentate leaves than in the figures quoted, for the rest, they are well in accord with them as also with specimens from Greenland in the Copenhagen herbarium. As they are rather hairy in the lower part of the stem and in the leaves, they may be referred to var. pubescens, (Warts.) GEL. In the only locality where I found it, the plant grew in clay soil mixed with gravel, in company with Lesquerella, Drabae, etc. At the time it was found, June 11th, 1899, it had only some pods of the pre- vious year, with ripe seeds. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (GREELY); I think there need be no doubt about the determination, as the plants of the expedition were examined by Watson among others; indeed there is a note of interrogation put after the name (GregLy, |. c., p. 12) but the plant now being found also further south, the Grinnell Land locality probably has reference to it. Hayes Sound, innermost part of Beitstad Fjord, immediately in front of the bottom glacier (4266). Distribution: Western Greenland, Arctic America, Labrador, Alaska. Draba alpina, L. D. alpina, Liynarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Gererr, Not. Arct. Pl.; Lane, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W.Groénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksexr- MAN, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Naruorst, Nya bidr. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 56; Sv. Bot., T. 771; Geer, 1. ¢., fig. 11. GrLERT, |. c., has begun the comprehensive work of unifying the statements in literature concerning the genus Draba, and he has taken 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 81 the only way which is, in my opinion, possible to take, viz., to throw together a great many species distinguished by different authors, but impossible to keep apart by the characters given for them. Indeed it may be possible, that some of the reduced species may really be con- stant forms, but that can hardly be decided without a systematic culture under natural conditions, such as is possible only in an arctic biologic station; most forms doubtless, are due to some difference or other in the natural conditions under which the plant grows, and will alter with them. At present, I think, the arrangement of Getert is by far the best, even if I differ from him in a few points. One of these has refe- rence to D. alpina; GeterT has namely retained D. glacialis, Apams as a separate species, but so far as I have been able to find, there are no characters to define it from D. alpina. {yi Ay Fig. 1. Typical hairsforms from the leaves of Draba alpina. D. alpina likewise with all other arctic species of the genus, or at least with most of them, is very variable as to shape of the leaves, hair-covering of different parts, form of the pod, &c. As I have had no opportunity of seeing authentic specimens of the many species that Geert has reduced to this, I think it best not to enter into their rela- tive positions to the main species, or into synonyms at all; for these I only refer to GeLert’s paper. Only where I have had, in my own material, specimens of the varieties for examination, I must enter into some details about their systematic value and position. Var. oblongata, (R. Br.) GELertT. D. oblongata, R. Brown, List of pl.; Decanpotze, Prodr. I; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer. Fig. Geert. |. ¢., fig. 12. Getert, who has in his treatment of this form, principally followed Tu. M. Fries (Till. Spetb. Fan. Fl., and Nov. Seml. Veg.), does not hesi- tate to claim the species of Brown as a variety of D. alpina, even if it is rather difficult to decide what the author has understood by his name, which is published (I. c.) without any description. Fries, who has seen the original specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus., has, however, transferred the plant from the Leucodrabae, where it stands in Decan- DOLLE, |. c., p. 168—169, to the Chrysodrabae. He had, already before seeing the specimens, distinguished the plant in question (Till. Spetsb. 6 82 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Fan. FI., p. 130), which he then called D. leptopetala. But afterwards, he puts this among the synonyms of D. oblongata together with 6 other names, that he quotes after TRautverter, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml. In my opinion, GeLerT is quite right in reducing it to a variety of D. alpina, distinguished by a strong and dense hair-covering but not sharply defined from the main form. Var. glacialis, (ADAMS) KsELLM. D. glacialis, Avams, Descr. plant. min. cogn.; Traurvertrr, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml.; Gexert, 1. c., ex p.; non Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; D. alpina var. glacialis, Ksetitman, in Vegaexp. Already TRAUTVETTER (l. c., p. 54) and Tu. M. Fries (Till. Spetsb. Fan. Fl.) have held out that the D. glacialis of Apams cannot be up- held as a species separate from D. alpina, without however reducing it to a variety, as Ksertman (Sib. Nordk. Fan. Fl., p. 266) has done, whereas GELERT again thinks that it may be distinguished as a species. To this he comes, however, by examination of specimens from America, determined by Hooker, and forming his material for the description in Fl. Bor. Amer. I, p. 514. Those indeed belong, as Geert rightly ob- serves, to a species of the section Aizopsis; I have myself seen arctic as well as Rocky Mountain specimens of this plant, which is, however, quite different from the asiatic one of Apams. The D. glacialis of GELERT consequently comprises two different plants of which I do not hesitate to place one, viz. the original D. glacialis of Apams as a variety of D. alpina, notwithstanding that I have seen no original specimens of it, the more so as TravtvetTer, who has probably known the original plant, has referred it to D. alpina, and this author has not otherwise been apt to give a too wide range to his species. Specimens from Taimyr (leg. Mippenporr?) referred by Geert to D. glacialis, from Cape Chelyuskin (leg. Ksetuman) and from Melville Island (leg. TREVELYAN) in the Copenhagen herbarium, as also several specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus., doubtless represent a variety of D. alpina, which has narrow, sometimes even linear, leaves with a very prominent middle vein, which is continued up to the point of the leaf. The covering mostly consists of starry hairs, and the scape and especially the pods, are in general rather glabrous (cf. also Osrenretp, Flow. pl. Cape York, p. 67). This variety, however, is not easily distinguished from the type of the species. 1898— 1902, No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 83 Var. gracilescens n. var. Forma insignis, scapo longiore et tenuiore quam in typo, floribus pallide flavis, racemo post florationem elongato, siliculis elipticis, glabris vel parce hirsutis. Fig. Tab. nostra 6, fig. 1—3. The form here in question was very conspicuous both on account of its rather big, pale yellow flowers and, in fruiting stage, by its con- siderably elongated raceme. I was also inclined to look upon it as a separate species, but forms exists which connect it with D. alpina. It would often appear with only one rosule of leaves and a single or a couple of scapes, but also with a branched rootstalk, which was, however, always elongated and slender. The leaves vary, as in the main species, but generally they are rather broad, thin, and not very densely hairy. The scape is rather tall (3 inches or more), erect, slender. It is still more stretched during the development of the pods, and then also grows somewhat more stout and stiff. It is rather sparsely hairy. In fruiting state, the plant shows a certain resemblance to D. fladnizensis in the build of the raceme and also in the form of the pods, that are more pointed at both ends than in the typical D. alpina. The var. graciles- cens generally grows in moist localities, especially in deep moss, viz., in the same localities as those preferred by D. fladnizensis. Indeed, there might be certain inducements to take it for a hybrid between D. alpina and the last-mentioned species, but, on the other hand, it fruits abundantly. When in flower, it is distinguished easily enough from D. alpina f. typica and other varieties, by its pale flowers, but in fruit it is more difficult to keep apart, and then there arises the further diffi- culty of distinguishing it from D. fladnizensis. Indeed, the arctic Drabae are always most easily separated when in flower, at least when living. Dried specimens are always difficult to distinguish, and I should think, that the statements about D. fladnizensis with a pale yellow flower, that are to be found in several works, are partly due to herbarium speci- mens with flowers that have lost their pure white colour, partly to con- fusion with this variety of D. alpina. When Harz, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., p. 25, speaks of “pale yellow glabrous forms of D. alpina, which occurred in Discovery Bay”, that appeared “impossible to separate from D. androsacea, Waut., which is often pale yellow’, I think he has in fact had this plant in front of him, although I have not been able to identify it among his specimens. Another plant I must refer to it, after 84 ‘HG. SIMMONS. “[SEC. ARCT. “EXP. FRAM seeing specimens in the Stockholm therbarium, is the “Draba alpina, L. var. glacialis narmande sig i(approaching) Dr. Wahlenbergii f. brachycarpa” of Natuorst from Ivsugigsok at Melville Bay, (N. W. Gronl., p. 25). Also in Spitsbergen the -same :variety probably appears, to judge from several specimens :in the Stockholm herbarium, but I cannot be sure of it, as the colour of the flowers is not to be decided upon. I have not been able to find in literature any name which could, without doubt, be referred to it. There is indeed a D. ochroleuca, Bunae, de- scribed in Verz. Altai Pfl., p. 69—70, which seems to have certain resem- blances to it, but the description does not quile apply, and as I have seen no original specimens, I have thought it better not to use the name. But I do not doubt, that Bunee’s plant is a variety of D. alpina, as Geert, |. ¢., p. 301, says. As synonyms of D. ochroleuca LEpEBour, Fl. Ross. I, p. 147, and Geert have D. primuloides, Turcz. and D. gelida, Turcz. Draba alpina is one of the most common plants in Ellesmereland, where it is found in almost every place visited in the most different localities, the varieties oblongata and glacialis together with the type, the var. gracilescens as already mentioned, in wet, mossy places. It flowered from the end of June, or earlier, and fruited profusely. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach, Cape Joseph Henry (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, and southwards (Hart, GreeELy). Hayes Sound district, common. Specimens from: Skraling Island (1381), Cape Rutherford (687, 1201), Fram Harbour (291, 4190), Bedford Pim Island (256, 443, 1189, 1261). South coast, common. Speci- mens from: Fram Fjord (4204), Harbour Fjord (2456), South Cape Fjord (2062), Muskox Fjord (2143), Goose Fjord (3305, 3330, 3430, 3649, 3822). West coast: along the Hell Gate to Lands End (2847) between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay. Var. oblongata. South coast: Fram Fjord (1641, 1671); Goose Fjord, at the Yellow Hill (3595) and Falcon Cliff (4218). Var. glacialis. Hayes Sound district: “Fort Juliane” (673, 1060), Eskimopolis (849), Fram Harbour (4193), Bedford Pim Island (1198, 4186, 4187). South coast: Harbour Fjord, valley on Sir Inglish Peak (2160), east of the anchorage (2234); Goose Fjord, at Falcon Cliff (2874, a broad-leaved and rather hairy form, but with the middle vein running out to the point). Var. gracilescens. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart, cf. above); Hayes Sound district: Skraling Island (4196), islet at Cape Viele 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 85 (1842), Eskimopolis (846), Fram Harbour (1096, 1205). Bedford Pim Is- land (1187, 4192). South coast: Fram Fjord, (4205), Harbour Fjord, valley at the western entrance (4208), Goose Fjord, below the Falcon Cliff (2888, 4007, type specimens of the description), 3rd winter quarters (3188), Yellow Hill (4211), Gallows Point (4209), Ptarmigan Gorge (4210). ‘West coast: Lands End (2851). Distribution: All over the Arctic Regions; alpine in America, in Asia dowa to the Himalayas, in the Ural, in Scandinavia, and Iceland. Draba fladnizensis, Wor. D. fladnizensis, Wurren, PI. rar. Carinth., 1778; Gevert, Not. Arct. Pl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; D. lactea, Apams, Descr. plant. min. cogn.; D. lapponica, Wanvenserc, Fl. Lapp.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; D. androsacea, Wantenserec, |. c.; R. Brown. Chlor. Melv.; D. Wahlenbergii. Hartman, Skand. Fl.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Narsorst, N. W. Gronl.; Ksetiman, in Vegaexp.; Leprpour, Fl. Ross.; Natuorst, Nya bidr.; D. rupe- stris, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p. non R. Brown. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2420; Sv. Bot. T. 770; Gexert, I. c., fig. 14. This species also is rather difficult to define; many species have been established within the range of its form-series, as is to be seen in the synonymic and further in the paper of GELERT quoted above. I can fully accept his views except in one instance, viz., when he puts D. altaica, Buner, under it as a variety. I shall have to speak more about that plant later. In the flowering state, even dried specimens are generally rather easily distinguished, at least if they are in not too bad a state of pre- servation. But in its fruiting state, its resemblance to D. alpina can be so great as to make it very difficult to decide upon the place of a dried specimen, sometimes also of a living one. The variety D. alpina 6 of Hooker, |. c. J, p. 50, which is said to have white flowers, probably belongs to D. fladnizensis; perhaps also he has taken specimens of D. alpina with old, withered, and whitish petals for a white-flowered variety, but I have never seen any D. alpina with white flowers. The forms of D. alpina that are most easily confounded with D. fladnizensis, are especially the more slender ones, such as the var, gracilescens. The shape of the leaves as also the hair-covering vary, just in the same manner as in D. alpina, only the colour of the petals gives a distinct character, all others are relative. Indeed, the different sorts of hairs, especially the forked and stellate ones, are as ‘a rule somewhat different in D. alpina and D. fladnizensis, but their forms are not constant, 86 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM many gradations exist. The figures give some of the more typical forms in both species as well as in D. nivalis and D. hirta. The margin cilias and other unbranched hairs are, of course, alike in the different species, but in D. fladnizensis there are perhaps more inter- mediate forms between all the three types in the hair-covering than in the others. In my collection might be distinguished the different forms of the present species, which Linppiom (Kann. Skand. Drabae) has established, I have not, however, thought it necessary to separate them. 1 Yyewe Fig. 2. Typical hairforms from the leaves of Draba fladnizensis. D. fladnizensis was rather common in the region visited, but not quite so much so as D. alpina. It preferred somewhat wet soil, espe- cially mossy depressions, that were flooded from time to time. The flowers were generally found from the middle of July, and soon after the fruit appeared. Occurrence. North coast and Grinnell Land; this species is not mentioned by Hart, but I have seen specimens among the collections from the Nares expedition, referred to D. rupestris. Even if I can give no special localities, I think it may be assumed to be rather com- mon in the northern parts. Hayes Sound region, rather common. Specimens from: Twin Glacier Valley (890), Skraling Island (1372), Cape Viele (888), Cape Rutherford (1157, 1159, 4194), Fram Harbour (1128, 1163, 4188, 4189), Cocked Hat Island (1271), Bedford Pim Island (444, 1193, 4185). South coast, still more common, especially to the west. Specimens from: Fram Fjord (1643), Harbour Fjord (2170, 2295, 2461, 2524, 2581, 4206, 4214), Goose Fjord (2995, 8307, 3488, 3576). West coast: only noted from Reindeer Cove and Lands End, but prob- ably common. Distribution: East Greenland, Northern West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Canada, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Alaska, Arctic Siberia, Baical Mountains, Altai, Himalayas, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia, Alps and Pyrenées. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 87 Draba subcapitata, n. nom. D. micropetala 8, Hooxer, Flor. Bor. Amer.; D. Martinsiana, Frms, Till. Spetsb. Fan. FI, ex p., non Gay; D. altaica, Fries, Nov. Seml. Veg.; Ksr.iman, in Vegaexp.; Naruorst, Nya bidr.; D. fladnizensis var. altaica, Geert, Not. Arct. Pl.; Kruusz, Jan May.; Wutrr, Bot. Beob. Spitzb.; non D. rupestris var. aléaica, Lrprsour, Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. (nec D. altaica, Bunexr, Verz. Altai Pfl. 2). Fig. Tab. nostra 1, fig. 3—8. The plant here in question, has been variously treated by different authors, and I have first, after comparing a large material and a great many statements in literature, arrived at the conclusion that a new name must be given to it. Hooker has (Bot. App. Parry II) establish- ed-a Draba micropetala, with a description which agrees rather well with the present plant, except for the character: “foliis lato-lanceolatis’’; but then J. D. Hooker has since shown, that the specimens on which it is established, must be referred to D. alpina (Outl. of Distrib., p. 316). In fact, it has not white flowers as said in the description but yellow, as I have had the opportunity of verifying in the Nat. Hist. Museum, where the original specimen from Igloolik is kept. In Fl. Bor. Amer. I, p.52, however, Hooker has added a @, founded on specimens brought home by Ricuarpson from the coast between Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers. These are in the Kew Herbarium and belong to the same plant, as that which I collected in Ellesmereland. Hooxer has, how- ever, given no name to the plant which he wrongly put together with his D. micropetala. Indeed, a “minor” stands after the f, but is not in italics as the names are marked. As there are in the Fl. Bor. Amer. many varieties marked only with Greek letters but having no name, there can be no doubt about the “minor” being only a short description, the more so as it is said about the specimen in flower “which differs only from Capt. Parry’s plant in its smaller size”. As the main D. micropetala, is a form of D. alpina, here no name for our plant is to be found, moreover as Hooxer has placed under it also forms of D. fladnizensis, as I have seen in the Hookerian herbarium at Kew. Another country in which the same plant grows, is Spitsbergen, and from there it was brought home by the Swedish expeditions after the middle of last century. It seems to have been first found by Maumeren, 1861, who in Spetsb. Fan. Fl. doubtfully refers it to D. pauciflora R. Br., which seems, however, to be a small D. alpina. During the expedition of 1868, it was again found in several places by Tu. M. Fries and others, and Fries now called it (in Till. Spetsb. Fan, 88 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Fl., p. 131) D. Martinsiana, using a name which stood in a list of Spitsbergen plants by J. Gay in Cx. Martins Observations sur les glaciers du Spitzberg, ete., in Bibl. Univ. de Genéve, N. S., T. 28, p. 146, from 1840. This indeed was not described, but Fries now gave a de- scription to the name of Gay, which he referred to this plant after having seen an original specimen. But the same specimen, which is now in the Stockholm herbarium!, I have also examined, and have come to the conclusion that it can be no other plant, than a stunted D. alpina (cf. Getert, |. c., p. 301). Fries, however, admits that if the D. micropetala of Hooxer is the same plant, the latter name is to be preferred. Soon after the Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml. of TraurverrEr appeared, and a plant was recorded which was called D. altaica. I have not seen TRAUTVETTER’s specimens, but it seems very probable that, as Fries assumes, the same plant was meant, as that which the latter author had previously called D. Martinsiana. Now the name altaica was the oldest, D. rupestris var. altaica being established in Ic. pl. Fl. Ross., p. 19, T. 260, by LepeBour and consequently Fries in Nov. Seml. Veg., cancels his previous name and calls the plant D. altaica. The question therefore is, has really the same plant as the arctic one, been understood by Levesour? The original description says: “foliis saepius dentatis, scapis plerumque mono- vel diphyllis, rarius aphyllis, siculis ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis”. This does not agree with D. subcapitata, and the figure quoted also shows clearly that it is a small form of D. hirta which is meant. FriEs (p. 37) indeed says that the figure of Lepgsour is so bad, featureless, and partly wrong, that it gives no idea of the plant, but, having seen an original specimen from the Altai, collected by Bunce, in the Nat. Hist. Mus., I must assert that the T. 260 of Leprsour gives a fairly good representation of the plant, which is nothing but a small D. hirta. Also C. A. Meyer in Lepesour, Fl. Alt., p. 72, keeps the same diagnosis and speaks expressly of leafy stems and branches from the lowest axil, so as to leave no doubt that a D. hirta is meant. It is somewhat less clear what Bunes, Verz. Altai Pfl., p. 70—71, means; perhaps he has had not only a small D. hirta, but also our plant, in his material, as also seems necessary to assume in reading the description of D. altaica of Bunce (Del. sem. hort. dorp., 1841) where the plant is elevated to the rank of species, 1 I am greatly indebted to Professor LinpMan, who has kindly sent me a consider- able collection of arctic Drabae from that Museum for a new inspection which was necessary, before I could make up my treatment of the genus. 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 89 as it is quoted in Lepexour, FI. Ross. I, p. 754—55 (The “Delectus” of Bunce I have not seen). However the original D. altaica was doubtless a small D. hirta, and the name can, under no circumstances be used for the plant which I call D. subcapitata. Trautverrer may have known the true altaica and may also have found it in Novaja Semlja, but he has probably con- founded the two plants. Fries’ D. altaica, as specimens in the Stockholm herbarium show, is, in most cases, my D. subcapitata, but as previously mentioned, he has also included in it the D. Martinsiana, Gay, which is a D. alpina, and probably small forms of D. hirta as he can refer the figure of Lepgsour to it. There are also in the Stockholm collec- tion, specimens from Dudinka at the Yenissei River, which are referred by Fries (with doubt), to D. altaica. They are rather bad, but doubt- less belong to D. hirta and may be called var. altaica as far as I can judge. Later Geert, |. ., p. 303, has referred D. altaica to D. fladnizensis, but he can hardly have known the true Altai plant. It is, however, rather curious that D. subcapitata, which is, perhaps, the best defined of all arctic Drabae, should have been so treated by GeLert, with his keen eye for specific differences. It may perhaps be accounted for by his never having had any opportunity of studying arctic plants from nature. The result of these researches in the synonyms may be summed up as follows: D. altaica, (Lepes.) Bunce is D. hirta var. D. micropetala, Hooxer is originally D. alpina, even if other forms have been confounded with it by the author himself. D. Martinsiana, Gay (nomen solum) is D. alpina. D. Martinsiana, Tu. Fries contains principally D. subcapitata, but also includes the last-mentioned, and in all probability the first. It is, therefore, I think, quite justifiable to give the plant a new name. Against the last-mentioned of the older names, the only one that could perhaps be used, the previously existing confusion with other plants tells. Indeed the description in Till. Spetsb. Fan. Fl, p. 131—2, agrees with our plant, except on a few less significant points, which will be mentioned below, and the figures are rather good, except those which represent the plant in its flowering stage, but nevertheless, I think it is best not to adopt theold nomen solum of Gay, which belongs to another plant. A description of D. subcapitata from my Ellesmereland specimens runs as follows: 90 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Parva, dense caespitosa: folia integra, anguste lanceolata vel fere linearia, nervo distincto, pilis rigidis, crassis, ciliata, praeterea glabra vel apicem versus pilis similibus (furcatisque) insita. Scapi humiles, aphylh, pilis furcato-stellatis (simplicibusque) obsiti. Inflorescentia pauci- flora, per anthesin subcapitata, demum plus minus elongata. Flores minuti, sepalis angustis, petalis brevis angustisque. Petala sepalis bre- viora, aequilonga vel paullo longiora, spathulata, apice rotundata vel retusa, alba. Siliculae primum lanceolatae, deinde rotundatae, crassae, purpureo-brunneae, nitidae. : D. subcapitata generally forms dense, low tufts. Each rosule of new leaves is surrounded by numerous old leaves, which are so hard in their texture, as to remain for several years. All, however, are den- sely packed together in the contracted stem. Elongated leafy stems such as are represented in the figure of Fries (Till. Spetsb. Fan. FI., T. 3) are not typical, even though they may sometimes be found where the plant grows among deep moss, or in other dense vegetation. In such individuals also, the leaves will become broader as in the typical catia: sae Fig. 3. Typical hairforms from the scape of Draba subcapitata. form. - I have no such among my material, but I have seen some specimens from Spitsbergen. The “foliis lato-lanceolatis” in HooKer’s description of D. micropetala, the only part of it which does not agree with D. subcapitata has reference to a D. alpina form, the original D. micropetala, as already mentioned. The leaves are coarsely ciliated, and similar unbranched hairs are also developed on the uppermost part of the surfaces, especially the upper one. Sometimes some of these hairs become more or less forked, but stellate hairs are not found. The middle vein is very prominent, sometimes quite to the tip of the leaf. The scapes are always leafless, slender at first, later on more coarse and stiff, covered with hairs which may be said to form a link between the forked ones and the starry hairs of D. hirta and D. nivalis. Frigs in his description of D. Martinsiana says about the stalk, “pilis minutis simplicibus furcatisque puberulis”, but simple hairs are rather seldom found and true forked hairs hardly at all. The same kind of 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 91 “pili furcato-stellati” also covers the short pedicels, here more inter- spersed with simple hairs. The inflorescence is, during the flowering season, very condensed, forming almost a head, hence the specific name. Later on the scape is somewhat stretched, but often the pods also sit densely clustered. There are specimens, however, especially from Spits- bergen, which have the pods further apart, and sometimes the lowest is removed from the others. The flowers are generally 2—5, rarely more, in the raceme. _ The flower is very small with narrow, linear sepals, that are more or less hairy, with long, forked, or generally simple, hairs.. The petals are pure white, spathulate, rounded, or more or Jess emarginate. They are so narrow as not to touch each other with their margins. The flower is so different from that of all other species, as to make D. sub- capitata immediately distinguishable when living and in a flowering state. Also when the pod has begun to develop, the sepals and petals will still remain for a time. The pod is at first broad-lanceolate, with sparse short hairs, but later on it becomes more ovate or almost circular, rather thick, and quite shiny glabrous, purplish-brown. In habit, D. subcapitata resembles small stunted forms of D. alpina as well as of D. fladnizensis and D. hirta, and it may sometimes be difficult enough to distinguish herbarium specimens. This is why I can- not always assert that the specimens from other countries, I have seen, really belong to it notwithstanding a great resemblance. Especially small, glabrous, D. alpina specimens in fruit, are very difficult to separate from it. D. subcapitata was rather common in clay or gravel fields with sparse vegetation along the Southwestern fjords, flowering about the end of June, and developing its pods in a very short time. Occurrence. South Coast: Harbour Fjord, at the Western en- trance (2437); Muskox Fjord, inner part (2118, 2140); Goose Fjord, Gull Cove (2896, 3821), Falcon Cliff (2872), Castle Point (3960), Yellow Hill (8591, 4212), East of 3rd quarters (3187, 3431, 3482), Ptarmigan Gorge, Gallows Point (2991), valley at the bottom. West coast: Lands End (2850), Braskerud Plain (709, leg. Isacusen). The latter is doubtful, as are also some fragments from the Hayes Sound region that may belong to it: Cape Rutherford (322), Bedford Pim Island (4191). I did not ob- serve it the first summer, but the above fragmentary fruiting specimens seem to represent it. Further it is not improbable, that the D. rupestris var. parviflora, OLtver, mentioned by Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., p. 25, 92 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM may belong to D. subcapitata. Ottver does not mention any such plant in his List fl. pl, and I have not seen the specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus., or at Kew, but Hart’s description decidedly points towards it. Indeed, he calls the flowers pale yellow, but as he says below that “the colours white and yellow are of no value in describing a species in these latitudes”, this is of no consequence. If my supposition is right, the localities: North coast, Floeberg Beach and Grinnell Land, Alexandra Lake and Discovery Harbour, have to be added. Distribution. This is very difficult to give, and I can only state its occurrence in the Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Novaja Semlja and Spitsbergen, as quite certain. I have, however, seen specimens that probably belong to it, from East Greenland (not the D. Martinsiana of Dussn, Gefasspfl. Ostgronl., p. 26, which, as speci- mens in the Stockholm collection show, is a D. hirta, that may be referred to var. altaica), Jan Mayen, Arctic Siberia, Sikkim. Further it probably grows in the Altai and other Asiatic mountains, and I think that it will also be found in more localities, when sought for and distinguished. Draba nivalis, Livsesu. D. nivalis, Litszpiap, Svensk Fl, 1798, et N. Sv. Planta, etc.; Griert, Not. Arct. Pl.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruussz, List E. Greenl.; Narnorsr, N. W. Groénl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Ksgtuman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, FI. Ross.; Natuorst, Nya bidr.; Kruusz, Jan May. D. muricella, Wautensere, Fl. Lapp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Fig. Livseszap, N. Sv. Planta, etc, T. 2, fig. 2; Sv. Bot. T. 769; Fl. Dan., T. 2417; Gevert, |. c., fig. 18, This plant is easily enough distinguished from other species except that there may be a rather strong resemblance between it and small forms of D. hirta var. arctica. It is not improbable, that the D. muri- a Fig. 4. Typical hairs from the leaves of Draba nivalis. cella of Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., p. 25, may be this species, but I have not seen specimens, and Ottver, List fl. pl., does not mention it, nor does GreELy, Rep. It grew generally in the richer slopes, especially in the rookeries. It began to flower about midsummer and very soon stood with ripe pods. {898—1902. No. 2] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 93 Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Muskox Bay (?). Hayes Sound region: Twin Glacier Valley (4182); Fram Harbour, abundantly and flourishing at the “green patch” (657, 1090); Bedford Pim Island (1312, 4195). South coast: Fram Fjord (4201); Harbour Fjord, valley on Sir Inglis Peak (2162), Seagull Rock (2584), “green patch” at the ancho- rage; Goose Fjord, Wolf Valley (8959), Falcon Cliff (2872). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic America (not noted in the Archipelago), Labrador, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Alaska, Land of the Chukches, Western Arctic Siberia, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen, Scandinavian mountains, Iceland. Draba hirta, L. D. hirta, Linnarus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1759; Geert, Not. Arct. Pl.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Kyetiman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Natsorst, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruusz, Jan May.; D. rupestris, R. Brown, in Arron, Hort. Kew., Ed. 2; Lane, 1. ¢., Hart, 1. ¢., ex p.; Hooker, 1. ¢.; Lepesour, |. ¢. Fig. Sv. Bot. T. 768, Fl. Dan. 2421, 9422; Grtert, |. ¢., fig. 15, 16. I have not thought it necessary to enumerate all the many syno- nyms of this plant, as they are sufficiently treated of by Geert, |}. c. Especially, I can fully agree with him that the D. rupestris of RoBert Brown is nothing more than a small form of this species, but in two other instances I must dissent from him. As previously mentioned, the D. rupestris var. altaica of C. A. Meyer is really a form of D. hirta and does not belong to D. fladnizensis, but on the other hand D. arc- phe Fig. 5. Stellate hairs from the leaves of Draba hirta. tica, Vat cannot be separated from D. hirta, but must be placed as a variety of that species, into the long-hairy main form of which it merges through a complete series of intermediate forms. Var. arctica, (J. Vani) Warson. D. arctica, J. Vant, Fl. Dan.; Geter, 1. c.; Lanes, 1. ¢c.; Kruuser, ]. ¢.; Narnorst, N. W. Gronl.; Kseriman, Sibir. nordk. fan. fl.; Narsorst, Nya bidr.; D. hirta, var. arctica, Watson, Contr. Amer. Bot. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2294, Gezert, 1 c., fig. 17. I must fully agree with Warson’s arrangement as to this plant. The species of Vant is principally founded on two characteristics, viz, 94 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM the style should be longer and more slender than in D. hirta and the covering should consist mainly of stellulate hairs. Among my material there are specimens that are entirely in accord with those of Vanu from Greenland and Spitsbergen, but in examining the whole material, I soon found that both characters are not always united. One may find forms with a short and dense covering, but having besides, almost sessile stigma, and, on the other hand, such as are covered with only simple or forked hairs, forming a more or less dense clothing but, notwith- standing, supplied with the long and slender style, which should belong to D. arctica. As a variety this may stand, and may comprehend the most short-haired forms of the species. So I have used the name for some of my specimens. The characteristic derived from the style is of no value whatever, as it will be different in the same individual. Already before the middle of June, D. hirta was in flower, and was then found all through the summer both with flowers and fruit. It preferred slopes and especially rookeries and other richly-manured places but was also found in poorer localities. Occurrence. Grinnell Land (and North coast?), Discovery Har- bour (Greety). That part of Harr’s D. rupestris belongs here, I am sure, as I have seen specimens; but, on the other hand, he has con- founded several plants under that name and, consequently, special loca- lities cannot be given. The plant from Dobbin Bay (Hart, |. ¢., p. 26) with pale yellow flowers is certainly no D. hirta (perhaps D. alpina var. gracilescens). Hayes Sound district: Skraling Island (4198), Fram Harbour (656, 1092). South coast: Fram Fjord (1642); Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord at Falcon Cliff (2889), and in the rookery at Gull Cove (2894). Here also grew a {. canescens, which had a dense, and soft grayish hair-covering in stems and leaves, and had also rather hairy pods. The stems were short and coarse, and grew in dense tufts with the leaves very persistent (2897, 3880). At the Castle Point, I found a small, stunted form, with contracted inflorescence, which could perhaps be referred to var. alfaica, C. A. Mny. (3962). Forms resembling the D. rupestris of Ros. Brown, [ have from Fram Fjord (4202) and from the “green patch” at the anchorage in Harbour Fjord (4207). Var. arctica was collected at Twin Glacier Valley (872, 874, 879), Skraling Island (1383), and Cape Viele (886) in the Hayes Sound region and at Fram Fjord (4200, an especially typical D. arctica; 4203), at the Barren Vallies (2399) and the “green patch” (2153, 2546) in the Har- bour Fjord. According to GeExert, |. c. p. 307, it is also collected in Grinnell Land. , 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 95 Distribution: All over the Arctic Regions and further in the Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Islands of the Bering Sea, Kamshatka, Baical Mountains, Altai, Ural, Scandinavian mountains, Scotland, Ireland, Faeroes, Iceland. . Draba borealis, DC. This species is recorded by Greety, Rep. The plant of Decanpo.ze, Systema IJ, p. 342, Geterr, rightly as far as I can judge, reduces to D. incana, L. But as that plant again is not found north of the Disco region in Greenland, and nowhere north of the continental coast of America, I think that the plant cannot be any form of D. incana, but perhaps a D. hirta. Lesquerella arctica, (Wormsxs.) Watson. Alyssum arcticum, Wormsxsotp, FI. Dan., 1820; Vesicaria arctica, Ricwarpson, App. Franklin. I, Ed. 2; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Narsorst, N. W. Gronl. ; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; V. arenosa, Ricnarpson, |. c.; Lesquerella arctica, Watson, Contr. Amer. Bot.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. FI. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1520. This species is rare in those parts of Ellesmereland that I visited, except perhaps in the interior of Hayes Sound, where I had no occasion to make collections during the best season. It was found in open clay fields with sparse vegetation. GreeLy also speaks of it as doing best on stiff clay. It was found in bloom by him already on June 13, 1883. In September 1898, I saw it with ripe pods, but also with a few flowers left. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart! GREELY), Bellot Island (Hart). Hayes Sound: (leg. Freitpen!), abundant in the innermost part of Beitstad Fjord (489), and also at ,Fort Juliane“ (672), a few specimens at the front of the Twin Glacier (877), and at the mouth of Flagler Fjord (891). South coast: Fram Fjord (1672, a single plant found); Barren Vallies in the Harbour Fjord (2401); Muskox Fjord, interior part (2150). Distribution: Northern parts of Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Rocky Mountains. According to Hooker, l. c. I, p. 48, also at Cordova in South America; and besides a variety occurs on Anticosti Island (Brirron & Brown, |. c. I, p. 138). 96 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP, FRAM Cardamine pratensis, L. C. pratensis, Linnarus, Sp. plant, 1753; Lanee, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvuse, List E. Greenl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl.; Kserzman, in Vegaexp.; Levesour, Fl. Ross.; Freipen, Flow. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anprrsson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1039; Sv. Bot., T. 350. In the only place where I found it, this species appeared in a very stunted form. The pairs of leaflets are generally only two, many leaves even have only the terminal leaflet developed. The leaflets, however, are broad, often almost circular, so that Hooxer’s description of his 8 angustifolia which is found in some of the southernmost islands of the Archipelago, does not fit the Ellesmereland form. The plant does not flower in its northernmost stations (cf. also Hart and Kruuss, |. c.) and becomes more or less a submerse water-plant. In the only place where I found it, it grew in a pool with muddy bottom among Carex aquatilis var. stans, totally under water except for some of the leaves. As entirely reduced to vegetative propagation, it must have great difficulty in spreading. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart). Hayes Sound, Skraling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1350). Distribution: Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago (only observed in a few of the South-eastern islands, flowering), Arctic and Temperate North America, islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic and Temperate Asia and Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Faeroes, Iceland. Cardamine bellidifolia, L. C. bellidifolia, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Lanen, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Natsorsr, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. FL; Ksetrman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hessretman, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruuse, Jan May. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 772; Fl. Dan., T. 20. Sporadically over the regions visited, rarely in any abundance. It generally grew in somewhat moist, mossy places or also in wet gravel. In contrast to the last species, it would, in general, flower and fruit freely; I therefore suspect that the plant referred to C. pratensis by 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 97 GreeLy, Rep., p. 18, may perhaps rather be the present species, the more so as the locality mentioned, would further confirm this supposition. C. bellidifolia was found flowering about the end of June and with ripe fruit already before the end of the next month. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, St. Patrick’s Bay and Discovery Harbour (Hart). Hayes Sound region: Skraling Island (1371), Twin Glacier Valley (873), islet near Cape Viele (1347), Eskimopolis (845), Fram Harbour (1129), south side of Bedford Pim Island (1199). South coast: Fram Fjord (4184); Harbour Fjord in several places, specimens from Lake Valley (2477), Sir Inglis Peak (2161), Western entrance (2435); Goose Fjord, especially in the inner part (8185, 3484). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, alpine in the White Mountains, Rocky Mountains and California, Unalaschka, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Scandinavian mountains, the Alps and Pyrenées, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Eutrema Edwardsii, R. Br. E. Edwardsii, Ros. Brown, Chlor. Melv, 1823; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuser, List E. Greenl.; Srmmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; GreeLy, Rep.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Ksertman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Fempen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karly. Fig. R. Brown. Ll. ¢., T, A; Fl. Dan., T. 9240, Sporadically occurring in swamps, seldom in any greater number. Flowers found from the beginning of July. Ripe fruit in August. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Greezy). (Absent from Hayes Sound). South coast: Fram Fjord, in the western valley (1650); Harbour Fjord in several places, specimens from: Big Valley (2338), Spade Point (2416), “green patch” at the anchorage (2246), Barren Vallies (2395), Sir Inglis Peak (2187); Muskox Fjord, rather abundant in the great swamps of the interior part (2118, 2135); Goose Fjord, rather common in the interior part (3184, 3261). Distribution: Greenland (only found in three widely-separated places, to the north of both coasts), Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia, Baical Mountains, Altai, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. 98 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Cochlearia officinalis, L. var. groenlandica, (L) GELERT. C. groenlandica, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl., ex p.; C. fenestrata, Ros. Brown, List of pl., et Chlor. Melv.; Narsorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Werserity, List 1894; KseLtman, in Vegaexp.; Lepresour, FI. Ross.; Frrpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml. C. officinalis, Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl, ex p.; Greety, Rep.; Durano, Enum. pl. Smith S.; GC. officinalis var. groenlandica, Geterr, in ANpersson & HEssEL- MAN, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruusz, List E. Greenl., et Jan May. Fig. Anprrsson & Hessetman, |. ¢., fig. 16, 17. I have thought it best to accept the disposition of the Cochleariae, which is published by Anprersson & Hessetman, I. c., p. 834—40, who have had access to Getert’s figures and diagnoses, the results of his studies of the genus, which unfortunately were not completed in con- sequence of his premature death. I do not, however, presume that this view of the arctic Cochleariae will be standing for the future; there are doubtless, many “small species” within this form-series, constant forms, but having differences between them, which though easily distinguish- able to the eye, are yet very difficult to describe. My friend Mr. OsTENFELD, who has for some years had rather a great number of Cochleariae from different places under cultivation, has shown me some such forms which are very interesting, and which show, that the plants are very little variable even under considerably altered conditions. At present, the disposition of GELERT, is surely the only one that can be used, but there is great difficulty in ascertaining the synonyms in literature for his forms. However I have tried to do so for the var. groenlandica, which is the most common in arctic regions and, farthest to the North, the only one as far as I can judge. In Ellesmereland as in most of the Arctic American Islands, there is no other one represent- ed, only from a few stations to the South I have also seen var. oblongi- folia and var. arctica. The present variety of C. officinalis is gener- ally called C. fenestrata but probably there are also other Cochleariae understood by the same name. In Ellesmereland, C. officinalis var. groenlandica, is a very common plant, but was most flourishing in the rookeries. It is one of the first plants which begins to flower, and throughout the summer, individuals in different states of development may be found. In the region here in question, the seeds seem generally to germinate immediately after getting out of the pods. Then a little rosule of leaves is formed, which will, in the following spring, very soon develop an inflorescence. Perhaps 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 99 also some individuals may attain to flowering already in the first summer, and thus become annual. Biennial, many individuals certainly are, as I have often seen them wither after the seed had ripened. Individuals which had stood in bloom in the autumn and continued their develop- ment in the next spring, such as Kyetiman, Polarv. lif, p. 478—81, mentions from Pitlekaj, I have never seen, although I paid special attention to such individuals. I think it must have been a rather isolated case which Ksetuman has observed, the more so as I have not found it in any other plant either. Flowers and inflorescences that had been surprised by the frost of the beginning of winter, would soon fade when they thawed, even though they appeared to be quite fresh. In some Saxifraga species this was often seen (cf. above). Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: St. Patrick’s Bay, Watercourse Bay, Discovery Harbour (Hart, GreeLy). Hayes Sound region, common: specimens from: Fram Harbour (293, 1099, 1164), Cocked Hat Island (1270), Brevoort Island (1207, leg. FosHem). Southern east coast: Cape Isabella, leg. Haves according to Duranp, |.c., Cape Faraday (WETHERILL). South coast: common except for the Harbour Fjord, where it was only found in the Barren Vallies. Specimens from: Fram Fjord (1639), Goose Fjord (2871, 2892, 2988, 3483). West coast: noted at Reindeer Cove and Lands End. Distribution: The present variety is spread all over the Arctic Regions, to the South in company with other varieties. The main species goes down into the Temperate Region, especially in Europe, where it is found even on the shores of the Mediterranean. Papaveracea. Papaver radicatum, Rorts. P. radicatum, Rorrséut, Pl. Isl. Grénl., 1770; Murpeck, Hybr.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Anpersson & Hessriman, Spetsb. kirlv.; P. nudicaule, Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Grerty Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksetiman, in Vegaexp.; P. alpinum « nudi- caule, Leprnour, Fl. Ross.; P. alpinum, Harv, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl., non Linnarus. Fig. Rorrséz1, L. c., T. 8, fig. 24; Fl. Dan., T. 41. Murseck has (I. ¢., p. 7—9), clearly shown that the name P. nudi- caule which has been commonly used for our plant, cannot apply to it, but that the name P. radicatum must be used in its stead. Probably however, there might also be separated several specimens - within the form-series of P. radicatum as here understood. But as 100 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM the plant seems also to be very variable under different conditions of life, it must first be cultivated before the value of the different forms can be decided upon. Studied from herbarium specimens, or in their habitat, they seem to merge into each other without distinct limits, the form of the leaves, the depth of their incisions, the hairiness, the size and colour of the flower, the shape of the petals are all variable. It is most flourishing in the rich slopes (the “Urteli” of Warmine) and still more in rookeries and in the old Eskimo settlements, whereas in sandy plains, only stunted individuals are met with. The larger and more flourishing the tufts are, the more are the leaves incised, in dry places the leaves may become almost entire. Jn wet clay plains there is also a small form to be found, which is moreover distinguished by its rather small pale yellowish, or even quite white, flowers. As far as can be judged from specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus., now put to P. radicatum, collected by Hart at Discovery Harbour, this must be his “P. alpinum var.” (1. c., p. 24), about which he writes: “the petals are often pale yellow, and occasionally white, and the hairs on the peduncle more ad- pressed. It was to be met with only at low levels and upon an in- organic soil, and its petals did not wither to a verdigris green as much as in the last variety”. (“P. nudicaule”). I have also observed that the hairs of the flower-stalk are more adpressed in this form than in the big one of the richer soil, but as I got the impression that the distinguish- ing marks are not constant, I think it better not to establish a species but only a variety, which I will call var. Hartianum, n. var., in honour of its first discoverer. Among the typical forms of P. radicatum, there were also found in rather many places, individuals of a f. schizopetala, with more or less deeply incised petals; sometimes they were even cleft to the middle in many narrow lobes. It was, however, continually con- nected with the main form. The shape of the petals also would vary from almost broadly linear to rounded triangular, and their length from the same as that of the ovary, to the double of it. The colour varied from saffron, which was the rarest colour, to pure white, generally they were sulphureous. The flowering-lime begins about the middle of June and lasts to the selting in of the winter frost. Fruit and seed well developed. Occurrence. North coast: Cape Alexandra, Ward Hunt Island, Cape Joseph Henry, Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay, Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greezy), stations along the coast to Princess Marie Bay (Hart). Hayes Sound region, common; specimens from: Twin Glacier Valley (889), Lastraea Valley (887), Eskimopolis (844), 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 101 Cape Rutherford (310), Fram Harbour (287, 1414), Cocked Hat Island (1266), Bedford Pim Island (258). Southern East coast: Cape Isabella and Gale Point (DuraND), Cape Faraday (WeTHERILL). South coast: common; specimens from: Fram Fjord (1617), Harbour Fjord (2231, 4197, the latter f. schizopetala), Goose Fjord (2879, 3329, 3646). West coast: along the Hell Gate to Lands End, between Kidsfjord and Baumann Fjord (2735, leg. Baumann), Coal Bay, Braskerud Plain (702, leg. Isacusen). Var. Hartianum: North coast and Grinnell Land (Hart, specimens from Discovery Harbour!). Hayes Sound, recorded by Hart, but not com- mon, as it seemed to me. South coast, abundant in the Barren Vallies (2898) and also at the western entrance (2455) in Harbour Fjord; Plar- migan Gorge (2997) and other places in the interior of the Goose Fjord. Distribution: everywhere in the Arctic Regions (excl. Jan Mayen), Labrador, Rocky Mountains, islands of the Bering Sea, Kam- shatka, Altai, Scandinavian mountains, Faeroes, Iceland. Ranunculacea. Ranunculus affinis, R. Br. R. affinis, Ros. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Ricuarpson, App. Franklin I, Ed. 2; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl].; Smmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer., excl. @ et y; Ksetuman, in Vegaexp.; Leprzovur, FI. Ross.; Natuorst, Nya bidr.; BR. arcticus, Ricuarvson, App. Franklin I, Ed. 1; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; R. amoenus, Lepzsour, Ic. pl. FI. Ross.; Freyn, in ANpERSson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; R. pedatifidus, Davis, Ran. N. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; non Smrrv in Rees, Cyclop. 29, nec Hooker, |. c.; BR. auri- comus, Fritpen, Flow. pl. Nov. Zeml. Fig. Hooker, |. c. J, T. 6; Lepesour, Ic. pl. Fl. Ross., T. 113; Fl. Dan., T. 3029; Tab. nostra 4, fig 2—5. It has been rather troublesome to ascertain which name the plant here in question should rightly bear. For a time I was inclined to think that it might be the R. pedatifidus of Smrru, described in Regs’ Cyclo- pedia, Vol. 29, which name, as already published in 1819, would then have to be preferred. This seemed the more probable, as an american author, who has in later times, especially studied the genus, Davis, |. c., had adopted that name. But, during my stay in London, I had occasion to see the original description as well as the specimen in the Linnaean herbarium from which it is made. Already on the perusal of the de- scription I doubted whether the arctic american plant could be meant. Even though the description applied, in many points, fairly well to my specimens, there were yet some characters which did not correspond to it; for instance, when the stem was described as being “clothed with 102 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM long, soft, lax hairs”, and the fruit as “obovate, seeds not very numer- ous, ovate, tumid, hairy, with short, awlshaped, reflexed beaks”. Further the leaves are said to be “deeply cut, in a pedate manner into five, seven or more, narrow, linear, obtuse, elegantly radiating segments”, which ‘applies better to other allied species, than to that which I had in my collection. I had occasion afterwards, also to see the original specimens. There are in the herbarium of Linnazus, four individuals which doubtless belong to the same collection. On the paper is written in the handwriting of SmirH himself: “R. pedatifidus Sm. in Rees’ Cyclop. n. 72”, and at one plant there is a sign *, which seems to be older than the label of Smrru and here is added “Siberia” (in pencil by Smrru)). Now the original specimens, as well as the description, show that Smiru has had in view, a plant very nearly allied to that which Brown soon after described from Melville Island. There are, however, some differences, that seem sufficient to separate the latter plant from that of Smiro. The characters that especially separate R. pedatifidus from R. affinis are: the almost circular circumference of its basal leaves, that are very deeply cut in a great number of very narrow, or almost entirely linear, segments, with obtuse points, evidently grouped after a pedate design, with a smaller middle, and two larger lateral, main lobes. The middle lobe is only equipped with two lateral secondary lobes halfway from the base, and these show a tendency to be again cleft. The lateral lobes are deeply cut into at least three or four secondary lobes, that only cohere a little above the basis, and are again deeply cleft. The leaf is thus formed of a great number of narrow, or almost filiform, segments. The basal leaves are more or less equipped with sparse white hairs. The stem leaves are sessile or have a very short peduncle. The lower ones resemble the basal leaves, but their segments are longer, do not stand so close together, and become fewer in the upper leaves, finally being only three. The sheath of the stem leaves half-embracing, not so white-membraneous as in R. affinis. The plant is smaller and more slender in all parts, the flowers are not inconsiderably smaller. The white hair-covering of the stem is more prominent, and not reduced only to the parts immediately below the insertions of the leaves. Especi- ally the part of the stem below the lowest leaf is hairy. The flower- stalk is, in the dried specimens at least, prominently canaliculate. The true R. pedatifidus, Sm. is, as far as I know, only found in Asia, especially in Eastern Siberia and also in the islands of the Bering Sea. A very imperfect specimen of Cuamisso in the Kew herbarium, 1898-1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 103 probably belongs to it, but I have seen no other american specimen of it. The american authors who use the name, have as it appears, confounded other species with it. In the herbarium of J. E. Smrru, which I have also seen in the Linnaean Society, there lies a small fragment of a Ranunculus labelled in Smrru’s own handwriting: “Ranun- culus affinis, Melville isld. — Hort. Soc. 1894” and also “R. pedatifidus Sm. in Rees’ Cycl. n. 72? vide H. L.” (herb. Linn.). Now this fragment consists only of a flower, and a bit of the stem with two leaves, but that it does not belong to R. pedatifidus is to be seen by the almost entirely sheathing leaves, with the broad white membraneous margin ot the sheath. The flowers also are much smaller. The ? of Smrra doubtless shows, that he has not thought it to be quite identical with his own species. To the Melville Island plant, I shall soon come back, but it’ must first be seen what Hooxer, ]. c. I, p. 18, and T. 8, B, has under- stood by the name R. pedatifidus. At the first glance, the figure shows that here quite another plant is meant, which stands rather far from the whole auricomus-group. I have also seen specimens of that plant, determined by Hooker himself, which make it quite apparent, that it is rightly to be placed where Hooxer has it, viz., in the neigh- bourhood of R. nivalis. How Hooxer, who must have had access to the Linnaean herbarium, could confound this with R. pedatifidus, I am at a loss to understand. It is a Rocky Mountain plant, collected by Drummonp between 52° and 55°, and should be sought for again and more closely studied, as it seems not to have been examined by later writers; I have, however, seen too little of it, to be able to give any particulars about it. As now the name pedatifidus is out of the question for our plant, it remains to examine whether the name AR. affinis or any other of later authors, is the right one for it. In ANpEersson & HeEssetman, |. c., p. 50—53, Freyn has given an explanation, concerning the Spitsbergen plant, which has usually gone under the name R. affinis or R. arcticus. His exposition is, however, so indistinct, and in some parts even so preposterous, that he only makes the already rather difficult question concerning the synonyms of the auricomus-section still more puzzling. In his second group, FREyN enumerates: “FR. pedatifidus S., R. amoenus Leves., R. arcticus Ricuarps. (R. dahuricus Turcz.) und ein Theil der als R. auricomus v. sibiricus GLeHN bezeichneten Formen — alle, wie jene der Gruppe des R. auricomus, behaartfriichtig, nur R. arcticus kahlfriichtig”. In his third group are to be found: “R. affinis R. Br., 104 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM R. ovalis Rar., R. rhomboidalis Go.piz, durchaus nord-amerikanische Arten”. As may be seen from -this, Freyn keeps as separate species, several forms which are generally put together, and, as will be shown below, even such as have not been upheld by their authors themselves. R. arc- ticus is said to be an older name for R. dahuricus, Turcz., but in Lepesour, Fl. Ross. J, p. 732, the latter name is referred as a synonym to R. pedatifidus, Sm., with the addition “ex ipso”. This is a question I cannot solve, not having seen the specimens of Turczaninow, but it is of less interest here. The Spitsbergen R. * Wilanderi, Narn. is referred to R. arcticus, but the other Spitsbergen form commonly known as R. affinis or R. arcticus is declared to be “der echte R. amoenus Lep.” and “mit dem R. amoenus Lep. vom Originalstandorte an der Kaja bei Jakutsk derart identisch, dass kaum die Individuen von einander unter- schieden werden kénnten”. In the first place, this is not the original lo- cality of LepEBouR’s species, as neither in Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. nor in Fl. Alt., are any other localities mentioned than a few in the Altai besides Nertschinsk in Transbaicalia; more northern localities are first added in FI. Ross. I, p- 37, where LeprBour has himself referred his R. amoenus as a sy- nonym to R. affinis, R. Br. It seems as if more of the many “Original- pflanzen meines Herbars”, that FrEyn mentions, are of the same doubt- ful value. The real original specimens of LEpEBOUR’s species are, consequently, from the Altai, and it may probably be assumed, that specimens in the Copenhagen herbarium, collected in the Altai by Bunce and labelled “dedit Bunge”. or “misit Ledebour”, belong to them. But these are not entirely similar to the Spitsbergen plant, even if the differences, somewhat smaller flowers and a more prominent hairiness (which is also to be seen in the figure of LEpEBour quoted above), may not give it a right to any more prominent place than that of a variety of R. affinis. Freyn also is forced to admit that the hairiness is the only difference. He speaks especially of the hairiness of the fruit (R. arcticus should have glabrous achenes), but it is admitted that the value of this character is not to be over-estimated (I. c., p. 51). This is again maintained (p. 53), where it is said: “R. amoenus Len. .. . ist daher wohl nicht anderes als behaartfriichtiger R. arcticus’. This may be quite right, the more so as the latter species has not quite glabrous fruits either. But when it is declared, that R. arcticus is “sibirisch- dahurisch-spitzbergisch und jedenfalls auch in Novaja Semlja zuhause” contrary to the American affinis-group, this is quite absurd, as R, 1898—1902. No.2.]} VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 105 arcticus is established by Ricwarpson on specimens collected during the first Franklinexpedition. As already mentioned, Freyn puts R. affinis together with a couple of American species with rather small flowers and less divided basal leaves, than has that plant, which for him stands as R. arcticus, in other words, his R. affinis seems to come nearest to the form figured by Hooker, |. c., T.6, as RB. affinis 8. Such forms seem to be widely spread in arctic as well as in temperate North America, and as they have been taken for the type of the species, they have been the cause of the wrong conception which Davis (lI. c.) and Brirron & Brown (Il. c. II, p. 77) have formed of Ros. Brown’s species. The original description (Chlor. Melv., p. 7) runs thus: “Ranunculus affinis, foliis radicalibus pedato-multifidis petiolatis; caulinis subsessilibus digitatis; lobis omnium linearibus, caule erecto 1—2 floro cum calycibus ovariisque pubescentibus, fructibus oblongo-cylindraceis, acheniis rostro recurvo. Obs. R. auricomo proxima species”. This perhaps is not very satisfying, but there is in it at least, some- thing which shows that Brown has not had the # or y of Hooxer in his mind, viz., “foliis radicalibus pedato multifidis’. I have also seen the original specimens from Melville Island, that belong to the same plant as is found in Spitsbergen, Greenland and Ellesmereland as well as southward in America, and which is well represented by the figure T. 6, «, of Hooxer. Consequently that is the true R. affinis, what- ever Hooxer’s 8 and y may be. I have not as yet had an opportunity of inquiring thoroughly about their place, but I am inclined to think that most probably they belong to R. rhomboideus, Goupie. Perhaps also there is a species overlooked which, even if spread principally further south, reaches as far also into the Arctic Region as Melville Island. Of this plant, with smaller flowers and less deeply cut basal leaves, I have seen many specimens from the continent; from Melville Island only the fragment in the herbarium of J. S. SmirH mentioned above. There were none in the Nat. Hist. Mus. or at Kew, notwith- standing that Hooxer records only those forms from Melville Island. They were represented in Ricarpson’s and other collections from the arctic shore of the continent, and were perhaps included in the &. arc- ticus of Ricuarpson, even though he has R. rhomboideus besides it in his list. The name &. arcticus was first used by Ricwarpson in App. Franklin I, Ed. 1, 1823, that is to say the same year as that in which the Chloris Melvilliana of R. Brown appeared, but in the second edition 106 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM of FRANKLIN’s narrative, Ricuarpson cancels his first name and uses that of Ros. Browx. This may perhaps show, that the Chlor. Melv. was printed first, and that Ricwarpson therefore accepted the name given by Brown instead of that he had established himself. That both authors described the same plant is evident, notwithstanding that Freyn has placed R. arcticus, Rica. and R. affinis, R. Br. in different groups, and we must follow RicHarpson in accepting the latter name. I think, however, that a new description, formed after my Ellesmere- land specimens, may not be out of place. R. affinis: perennis, plus minusve caespitosus, caule 15—25 cm. alto, glabro vel pilis parcis, subadpressis, brevisque, inferne longioribus, obsito; folia basalia longe petiolata, vaginis latis, membranaceis, albis, instructa, semper profunde pedatifida, petiolis parce pilosis; folia caulina brevissime petiolata vel sessilia, late membranaceo-vaginata, marginis vaginae pilis longis albis instructis, pedato-multifida, lobis 5—9 angustis, acutiusculis; flos 2—3 cm. latus; sepala purpurascentia, parce pilosa, petalis dimidio breviora; petala flava, violaceo-nervata, obovata; torus cum carpellis per anthesin ovatus, postea.cylindraceus; achenia parce pilosa, rostro brevi recurvo. Grows somewhat caespitose, the stems and leaves are surrounded by old ones from the last year, or at least by the remainders of old sheaths. The stems are stiff, erect, about twice as high as the leaves, almost entirely glabrous simple, single-flowered, or branched, with 2 or more flowers, more or less canaliculate. The basal leaves are long and _ slender-petiolate, with broad white, membranaceous sheaths; their circumference is kidney-shaped — broad-ovate, always more or less deeply cleft in a pedate manner. Generally a middle lobe and two lateral ones may be discerned, often the latter are again cleft almost to the basis, so that the leaf becomes nearly cleft in five. The middle lobe is entire, narrow lanceolate, or with two more or less pronounced secondary lateral lobes about 1/3 below the point. The two first lateral lobes may be cleft in rather many segments, but these are never quite linear, nor are they obtuse as in R. pedatifidus. The petiole is hairy with long, sparse, white hairs, likewise the lower part of the stem, below the first stem leaf. The stem leaves are short- petiolate or sessile, with a broad white sheath having a rim of long white hairs; they are deeply cleft, almost to the base, in several (gener- ally 7 or 9) narrow segments which, however are hardly quite linear and always pointed. Also here the pedatifid manner of segmentation may easily be seen, even if not so sharply defined as in the basal 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 107 leaves. The uppermost stem leaf sometimes has only three lobes. The stem leaves and young basal ones are often minutely hairy. The peduncle is clad with whitish, somewhat adpressed short hairs, as also the sepals, that have a touch of purple or violet. They are pointed outwards or downwards in the open flower and soon fall. The flower is rather large, often over an inch broad. The petals are rather pale yellow, delicately veined in violet or purple at the back, broadly obovate, with rather long claw. The stamens are rather few. The head of pistills is nearly ovate in the flowering state, but later, the torus is stretched so as to become cylindrical at least in the terminal, best-developed flower, where the pistils are very numerous. This is an essential cha- racter, which separates R. affinis from R. auricomus and as far as could be judged, from the rather young specimens in the Linnaean herbarium also from R. pedatifidus. The achenes are somewhat oblique, a little compressed, indistinctly keeled, sparsely and shortly hairy (in my specimens, but this character is variable, especially the asiatic form amoenus has them densely hairy). The beak is short, rather coarse, and curved backwards. : The only time I found this species, August 8, 1900, it bore flowers as well as fruit in all stages abundantly. It grew in rock ledges below a nesting place of the glaucous gull, in a southern exposure and in richly manured soil. I am inclined to think, therefore, that the FR. affinis which GreeLy, Rep., p. 12, mentions as growing in moist, loamy soil, can hardly be the right one. It would also be very curious, if such a conspicuous plant, which must immediately catch the eye, had escaped Harr. Now, indeed, Hart records a “Ranunculus auricomus, L. (R. affinis, Br.)’, but as he also refers to it the “R. nivalis”, “floribus minoribus, pilis calycinis pallidioribus” of Oxiver (List fl. pl.), and more- over refers also a plant from Disco to it, I think that none of these statements can be right. Lanes, |. c. I, p. 255, says about the Disco specimens, “e descriptione non cum R. affinis R. Br. convenire, sed R. nivalis proximus esse videtur”, which doubtless is right, as no affinis specimens from Disco exist in London, and the variety of Oxiver is, in - fact, R. Sabinei, R. Br. as the specimens show. Occurrence. South coast: Seagull Cliff in the Harbour Fjord (2595). Distribution. This is rather difficult to give, because of the muddled synonymic, the species, however, seems to be found in the following countries: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland (only in Isortok and Foulke Fjords), Arctic American Archipelago (specimens 108 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM seen from: Kingnite, Cumberland Sound (Tayzor) in Baffinland; Melville Island; Mercy Bay (Miertscuinc) in Banks Land, Cambridge Bay (Anpersson) in Victoria Land; Arctic America (specimens collected by Back and Ricuarpson seen); Rocky Mountains (specimens seen: JOHN Macoun n. 34, Morley, Foothills of Rocky Mountains, 1885; Lat. 39°— 41°, No 15, E. Haut and J. P. Harsour, colls. 1862; other American localities I dare not to refer to it); Arctic Siberia, Altai, Novaja Semlja (I refer here also Feitpen’s R. auricomus, notwith- standing what is said about the round head of fruits (1. c., p. 7) as a single round one may be formed also from a feeble axillary flower of R. affinis, and as all Novaja Semlja specimens which | have seen belong to the latter plant), Spitsbergen. Ranunculus sulphureus, Souano. R. sulphureus, Sovanper, in Purprs, Voy. N. Pole, 1774; Natuorsr, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Ksetrman, in Vegaexp.; Frimpen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Mameren, Spetsb. Fan. Fl.; Anpersson & Hessriman, Spetsb. karlv.; Hart- maN, Skand. FL; &. nivalis var. sulphureus, Levrsour, FI]. Ross.; Greety, Rep.; R. nivalis 8, Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; R. Brown, Chlor. Melv.; 2. nivalis, Davis, Ran. N. Amer, ex p.; R. altaicus, Laxman, Descr. plant. Sibir., 1774; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruussr, List E. Green].; Leprsour, Fl. Ross. Fig. Laxman, 1. c., T. 8; Suppl. Fl. Dan., T. 82. This species indeed, has a rather great resemblance to &. nivalis, L., which makes it, in early stages or small individuals, somewhat dif- ficult to distinguish. It may, however, generally be separated even then, by its stiff, erect, mode of growth, by the generally somewhat larger flower, and by the basal leaves, which are not so much incised, and have more obtuse lobes. Moreover, R. sulphureus is generally more hairy in peduncle and sepals. In fruiting state it can always infallibly be recognised by its almost orbicular head of fruits and by the torus, which is covered with coarse brown hairs between the carpels. These hairs, in living specimens at least, can also be seen already in earlier stages, if the pistils are carefully removed. In dried specimens in a flowering state, it is not always easy to make this principal character visible, and in this, I think, the cause is to be sought for the fact that authors who have only studied the plant in question from dried material, will so often put it under &. nivalis, whereas those who have had.an opportunity of studying it from nature, in most cases have se- parated them. Matmeren, |. c., also dwells with astonishment upon 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND, 109 the fact, that so many authors have not recognised R. sulphureus as a species. About the relation to R. altaicus, Laxman, l. c., p. 5383, MatmGren says: “Ran. frigidus Wiutp. (R. altaicus Laxm.) petalis obcordatis carpellis stylo subduplo longioribus a R. sulphureo differt”. I have also seen such forms with somewhat emarginate petals, and even with 3-cleft ones (n. 2849 and 3328), which makes me still less inclined to accept R. altaicus as a separate species, at the most it may stand as a variety. The shape of the petals as well as the length of the beak is variable both in R. sulphureus and in R. nivalis, so that no spe- cific characters can be taken from them. I have also seen specimens of R. altaicus in the Copenhagen herbarium, collected in the Altai, and communicated by Lepepour, which are hardly different from arctic ones. The figure of Laxman, |. c., is rather good and might perhaps be an inducement to give the preference to his name, which is from the same year as that of Sotanper, but I have retained, the latter as being the one more commonly used. The principal habitat of BR. sulphureus was in swamps and along brooks often in the water, sometimes, however, it would also occur in somewhat drier mossy places where R. nivalis generally grew. The resemblance between them may have caused some wrong classifications in the field, and therefore I only enumerate such localities where spe- cimens were taken or where I am certain that R. sulphwreus appeared. Flowers from the middle of June and fruits abundantly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (GREELY). Hayes Sound territory: Skraling Island (1369), Cape Rutherford (316, 1152), Fram Harbour (1095, 1127). South coast: Fram Fjord (1661); Harbour Fjord, here and there, specimens from Sir Inglis Peak (2449); Muskox Fjord (2118, 2145); Goose Fjord, several places in the interior, specimens from Bottom valley (3265), Gallows Point (2993), table land on the West side (3328), East of 3rd winter quarters (3180, 3354, 4225), Mid- day Knoll (3648), Yellow Hill (3593), 4th winter garters (3931), valley inside the Castle Rock (8949). West coast: Lands End (2849). Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic Ame- rican Archipelago, Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, Pribilof Islands, Arctic Siberia, Baical Mountains, Altai, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Finmark. 110 . H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM Ranunculus nivalis, 1. R. nivalis, Linnaeus, Sp. plant, 1753; Lanes, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer., ex p.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl. (ex p.?); Davis, Ran. N. Amer., ex p.; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, FI. Ross., excl. 8; Frmpen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv. Fig. Liynagus, FI. Lapp., T. 3, fig. 2; Sv. Bot., T. 394; Fl. Dan., T. 1699. However difficult this species may be to distinguish from the last one when both are young, it is easily discerned even at a distance, in the fruiting stage. The stems then spread outwards, and become assurgent, whereas those of R. sulphureus always are stiff and erect. To the characters of the head of fruits and the torus previously men- tioned may also be added, that the achenes are smaller, thinner, and have a considerably longer beak. The basal leaves are at least twice cleft, and the segments more pointed than in the latter species. The flowers perhaps are a little paler yellow than in &. sulphureus, but never white, as recorded by Brirron & Browy, 1. c. II, p- 76, so long as they are fresh, when fading, however, they will often become almost white. Also in badly dried specimens they may get whitish; such it may be that have caused the wrong statement. Found in flower about the end of June and fruiting in August. Generally growing in mossy soil, which dries up during the summer, often in company with Draba fladnizensis. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (leg. Frtpewn!). Grin- nell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart!), other localities uncertain as Hart has confounded it both with R. sulphureus and with R. Sabinei. Hayes Sound region probably not common, specimens only from Bedford Pim Island, in the slope towards Rice Strait (696). Probably overlooked in other places because of the likeness to R. sulphureus; also recorded by Harr. Southern east coast: Gale Point (DuRAND). South coast; rather common: Fram Fjord (Wetueritt, 1618), Muskox Fjord (2134, 4923), and especially in the Goose Fjord, East of 3rd winter quarters (3354, 3491, 4224), Yellow Hill (8580), 4th winter quarters (4226), Falcon Cliff, and other places. West coast: Reindeer Cove, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord. Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Arctic Siberia, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 111 Ranunculus Sabine, R. Br. R. Sabinei, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; R. Sabinei affinis, Durann, Pl. Kan.; Lanee, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grinl.; R. nivalis var., Oriver, List fl. pl; &. auricomus, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp, ex p.; ? R. pygmaeus yar. Sabinei, Davis, Ran. N. Amer. Fig. Tab. nostra 3, fig. 2—8. Even if the description of Ros. Brown (1. c., p. 6): “foliis radi- calibus elongato-petiolatis tripartitis; lobis ellipticis; lateralibus semibifidis ; caulinis sessilibus tripartitis linearibus, calycibus hirsutis petala retusa subaequantibus” is rather short, it applies so well to the plant here in view, that I cannot hesitate to classify my plant under that name, moreover as it cannot possibly be referred to any other arctic species. Indeed, it shows certain resemblances on the one side to R. nivalis, on the other to R. pygmaeus, and Brown himself pronounces it to be standing between them, but it differs from both, in the characters stated by him as well as in others, which will be stated below. Hooker, |. c. I, p. 17, quotes Brown with the addition, that the species is also brought home from the continent by RicHarpson, as there were in his collection of R. pygmaeus a few individuals of larger size than the rest, and quite agreeing with Brown’s description of R. Sabinei. He also adds, that “they seem indeed almost to form a con- necting link between &. pygmaeus and R. nivalis”. Later Durann, 1. c., p. 185, has mentioned a Ranunculus from the collection of Kang, found in “dry levels” at Bedevilled Reach, 79°, of which he thinks that it “might be &. Sabinei R. Br”. The description he gives of it is such, as to make it quite clear, that in fact no other species can be meant, but nevertheless, Lanes, |. c., p. 56, has uttered a doubt about the classification, and thinks that Kanr’s plant ought perhaps to be put together with the “R. awricomus” of Hart, |. ¢., under BR. nivalis (cf. above p. 110, and Laneg, |. c. II, p. 255). This may be right enough as far as Hart's Disco specimens are concerned, but his plant from Grinnell Land, which is identical with Oxrver’s Ranunculus nivalis “var. floribus minoribus, pilis calycinis pallidioribus” is the true R. Sabinei, as I have had the opportunity of making sure of, by seeing the specimens at Kew and in the Nat. Hist. Museum. Of the original Melville Island plant, I have only seen a single specimen, in a small collection preserved in the Linnaean Society, in the other herbaria I could find no specimens from the first Parry expedition. Neither have 112 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM I seen specimens from the FRANKLIN expeditions, nor of Kanez’s plant, but they must certainly be referred to this species. Lastly Davis, |. c., p. 489, has a var. Sabinei of R. pygmaeus, which is, however, only recorded from Montana. The description: “Flowers larger than the type; sepals hairy”, agrees indeed with R. Sabinei, but is all too scanty for deciding if really that specimens is meant. It is, however, not improbable, as I have seen species of R. Sabinei (cal- led R. glacialis!) from “Sequoia region, Alpine County, Carson Spur, 8500 f., 1898, Geo. Hanson” in the Kew herbarium. The true R. Sabinei, however, is no form of R. pygmaeus, or of FR. nivalis either. It is sufficiently different in characters from both, and further, it has in Ellesmereland, its own range, where no R. pygmaeus is found. Its habitat also is different from that of the latter species. According to Ellesmereland specimens, of which I have a rather good material, the description may be formed as follows: R. Sabinei: humilis, tempore florendi 1—3 cm. altus, 1 (—-8) florus; folia radicalia 83—5, longe petiolata, triloba, lobis lateratibus bifidis, longe ciliata, vaginis albis instructa; folia caulina sessilia vel brevissime petiolata, vaginantia, profunde tripartita, lobis lanceolatis obtusis; pedunculus cum sepalis pilis albis hirsutus, sepala violascentia, petala pallide flava; flores quam in &. nivali multo minores; petala sepala paulo superantia; torus per anthesin cum carpellis rotundatus, postea elongatus, capitulum fructuum fere cylindraceum. | R. Sabinei is a small, low plant, simple or somewhat caespitose ; the few basal leaves (generally 3—5) lie prostrate outspread on the ground and surround the flower, when it first opens; later, the petioles are stretched as well as the stem, which will then reach considerably over the leaves. The lamina of the basal leaves is cuneate at the bases, 3-cleft, often having the lateral lobes more or less deeply incised; the middle segment, as is often also the inner, larger part of the lateral ones, broad lanceolate; all are obtuse. Basal leaves with broad white sheaths. Stem leaves (the lowest included) sessile or very short petiolate, with a very short, but broad, white sheath, deeply 3-cleft, with lanceolate, obtuse segments. Petioles and margins of the leaves with sparse, long hairs. Stem at the beginning of the flowering only 1—2 cm. long, afterwards growing to 10 cm. in the fruiting stage, feebly striate, in the lower part sparsely hairy like the petioles. Peduncle densely hairy. The whole stalk at the ripening of the fruit stiffly erect, not assurgent as in R. nivalis, nor arched as in R. pygmaeus. The flowers are con- siderably larger than in the latter species — almost as large as in a 1898— 1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 113 small-flowered R. nivalis, but paler yellow than in that species. Sepals more or less touched with violet or purple, covered with long white hairs, not turned down and rather durable. Petals of the same length as the sepals, or at most one third longer, narrow obovate or even narrow obcordate, when they are emarginate. The head of fruits is at the beginning nearly spherical, later, during the development of the fruit, it becomes conical or almost cylindrical. The achenes are short, thick, more or less tapering towards the base, with a short beak. From small forms of R. sulphureus and R. nivalis, the present species is easily distinguished? by its pale flowers, the white hairy sepals and peduncle, the short and narrow petals, and by the form and the ciliation of the leaves. From R. pygmaeus, it differs in the hair covering of the stem and petioles, as well as of the peduncle and sepals, in its much larger flowers and longer petals, and in the stem, which is erect even in the fruiting stage, when that of R. pygmaeus is bent archlike towards the ground or lies prostrate. Also the head of fruits of the latter is more rounded, and the achenes are longer beaked. R. Sabinei prefers the fields of stiff clay, that are so widely di- stributed along the south-western fjords. It flowered rather late, at least in 1901, when I had the best opportunity of observing it, and only few developed fruits were seen, but as Harr speaks of it as flowering earlier in Grinnell Land than ,,the true R. nivalis’, that may be set to the account of the unfavorable summer of 1901. Occurrence. North coast: Dumbbell Bay, Floeberg Beach and other places (leg. Fempen!). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (leg. Hart!). South coast: Muskox Fjord (4227, 4228); inner part of the Goose Fjord, Yellow Hill (8788), East of 3rd winter quarters (4229, 1 My friend Professor Lacrruem of the Stockholm University, has sent me a few specimens of an interesting Ranunculus, found by him on Akselfjeld near Svendborg, at Malselven, Norway, wich he had at first taken for R. Sabinei, to which it indeed shows a certain resemblance. After seeing some of my R. Sabinei specimens, however, he had to alter this classification, and later he sent me the specimens, that were collected in the locality mentioned, August 13, 1893, and were still found in full flower, when R. nivalis and R. pygmaeus which also grew there, were everywhere in fruit. The plant indeed, considerably resembles R. Sabinei but yet differs in some important points (shape of the leaves, colour of the hair-covering, &c.), It comes most near to R. nivalis, but I am most inclined to refer it to the hybrid between that species and R. pygmaeus, which J. M. Norman has re- corded from the same neighbourhood. It agrees well with his description of the hybrid (Florae arcticae Norvegiae species et formae, &c., Kristiania Vid. Selsk. Forh., 1893). 8 114 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM 4230), Gallows Point (8787), Ptarmigan Gorge (8334). West coast: Lands End (2849). Distribution: North-Western Greenland, Arctic American Archipel- ago, Arctic shores of America between Coppermine and Mackenzie Rivers, Rocky Mountains. Ranunculus pygmaeus, Wau.ens. R. pygmaeus, Wautensere, FI. Lapp., 1812; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Grinl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep et Bot. Arb.; Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Kserrman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Fempen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anprersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruusr, Jan May. R. nivalis 6, Linnazus, Sp. plant. Fig. Linnagus, Fl. Lapp,, T. 3, fig. 8; Wauntensere, lc. T. 8, fig. 1.; Sv. Bot., T. 748; Fl. Dan., T. 144. As already mentioned, there is a considerable resemblance between this species and the last mentioned one. I have seen pygmaeus- specimens from Spitsbergen and Novaja Semlja, for instance, that were rather like R. Sabine in habit, but on closer examination, the charac- ters of that plant were lacking. It may also be possible, that in places where R. pygmaeus and R. nivalis grow together and hybridize, some forms of the hybrid have been taken for the former species. The figure (1605) in Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl. II, p. 76, as also their description, differs from the european and arctic R. pygmaeus in re- cording the petals as being longer than the sepals. Perhaps it is schematic, not made from one specimen, but it may also be that the american (not the arctic) R. pygmaeus is somewhat different from the european form, as is the case with rather many american species. In my specimens, as in all others that I have seen, the petals are, at most, of the length of the sepals, generally shorter. R. pygmaeus grows in wet places among moss, somewhat caespitose. I have not noted when the flowers first appeared, but flowers were found until the autumn, together with the ripe fruits. Occurrence. Only found on the East coast, along the ponds on the north side of Fram Harbour (452, 1097, 1410) and at Cape Faraday (WETHERILL). Distribution: East and West Greenland (not found elsewhere in the Arctic American Archipelago), Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Unalaschka, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen, Northern Scandinavia, central European mountains, Iceland. 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 115 Ranunculus hyperboreus, Rotts. R. hyperboreus, Rorrsott, Pl. Isl. Grénl., 1770; Layer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvse, List E. Greenl.; Srwmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxrr, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Britron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Ksenrman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, FI. Ross.; Ferpen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karly. Fig. Rotrsott, l. c, T. 4, fig. 16; Sv. Bot., T. 710; Fl. Dan., T. 3381. Rather variable as to the length of the internodes and petioles, doubtless in connection with the station. Also the shape of the leaves varied from cuneate to square or even somewhat cordate at the base and from almost entire to 3-cleft with more or less incised lateral lobes. I have several times seen it with developed fruits, notwith- standing the fact that it propagates principally by vegetative shoots, but open flowers I sought for in vain. The floral buds as well as the heads of fruits were always submerse, and consequently I think that it must here be cleistogamous and the pollination must take place under water. R. hyperboreus was a rather rare plant in small lakes and ponds or other wet localities. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region: Skriling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1341), Lakes of the “Rutherford-eide” (1153), Fram Harbour (294, 1161). South coast: western valley in Fram Fjord (1654), Spade Point in Harbour Fjord (2419), swamps in the valley at the bottom of Goose Fjord (8260). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Pribilof Is- lands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia, Himalaya, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland. Caryophyllaceae. Arenaria ciliata, L. A. ciliata, Liynazus, Sp. plant., 1753; Lanes, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. FI; Ksernman & Lunpstrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Lepexour, FL Ross.; Fempen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anprrsson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karly. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 346, 1269. The Ellesmereland specimens are soonest to be referred to f. humifusa, (Wauntens.) Hart., that is to say the same in which the species occurs in Greenland. It was very small, and grew in its only 116 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM locality among moss and lichens, so as to show almost only the flower. The prostrate stems crept among the moss, only the flowering shoots reached a little above it. Found flowering August 8, 1900. Occurrence. South coast: only in a limited area between Spade Point and Seagull Rock in the Harbour Fjord (2575). Distribution: Northern East Greenland, Northern Danish Green- land, Boothia Felix (? a specimen from Ross’s second voyage 1829—33 in the Nat. Hist. Mus.), Labrador, Canada, Northern Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Finland and Scandinavia, mountains of Central and Southern Europe, Ireland, Iceland. Alsine Rossii, (R. Br.) Fenzu. Arenaria Rossii, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Alsine Rossii, Frnzt, Verbr. d. Alsin.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Smmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Anprrsson & Hesserman, Spetsb. karlv.; Arenaria groenlandica, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greezy, Rep. (?); non Frnz.. Fig. Tab. nostra 6, fig. 4—6. My specimens fully agree with the description of Ros. Brown, l. c., p. 14. The plant is very apt to catch the eye, as its individuals, forming high, compact, pulvinate tufts, usually of a semiorbicular shape, are spread in thousands over the moist (or later in the summer often very dry) clay plains. It seems to flower very sparingly and rather late in the summer. When I found it for the first time, at the Barren Vallies in the Harbour Fjord, July 28, 1900, there were among enormous numbers of individuals, only a few to be found that had flowers, and it appeared as if none had been developed the previous year. The same was the case at the Western Sound, August ist, but in 1901 I saw it further westward in some places both in flower and with flowers from the previous year. Developed fruit was not seen, but it must, of course, ripen its seed some years, as it has no other means of propagation. The flowers are very small, the sepals ovate-lanceolate, rather concave, of a more or less reddish hue, and with a narrow white margin. Petals of the length of the sepals, white, or a little pink. The plant has never been figured before so far as I know. When A. Rossii grows in mossy soil, the individuals become densely tufted and more like the form which RicHarpson has brought home from the arctic coast of America and which forms the @ of Hooker, |. c. I, p. 100. The A. Rossii of Taytor, FI. pl. Baffin B., is, probably, not at all the true one, as I have elsewhere shown (Dan. 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 117 Greenl. pl., p. 470). Harr’s specimens of his Arenaria groenlandica in the Kew herbarium, doubtless belong to A. Rossii, and in all probability the same is the case with Greety’s plant under the same name, which is said to be sterile the same as Hart’s. Occurrence, Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Harr!) South coast: Harbour Fjord, in the Barren Vallies (2390) and in valley at the western entrance (2454). Goose Fjord, valley inside the Castle. West coast: Reindeer Cove, Lands End (2849). Distribution: Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic coast of the continent, Rocky Mountains, Land of the Chukches, Spitsbergen. Alsine verna, (L.) Waun.ens. Arenaria verna, Linnarus, Mantissa, 1767; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; A. propinqua, Ricuarpson, App. Franklin I, Ed. 2; Hooxer, l. c.; A. quadrivalvis, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv.; Hooxer, 1. c; A. hirta, Wormsksotp, F]. Dan., 28; Hooxer, 1. ¢.; A. rubella, Hooxer, |. c.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; A. verna var. hirta, Greety, Rep.; Alsine verna, WaHLENBERG, Fl. Lapp., 1812; Barriine, Beitr.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Kse.iman, As. Beringss. Fan.; Fenzz, in Lepresour, Fl. Ross.; A. rubella, Wautenserc, |. c.; Narnorst, N. W. Gronl.; Kseruman, Sib. nordk. fan.; Ksettman & Lunpsrrim, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Freimpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; An- persson & Hesse:man, Spetsb. kirlv.; A. hirta, Harrman, Skand. Fl. Ed. 3 et sequ.; Alsinella hirta, Harrmay, |. c., Ed. 1. Fig. Wanensere, |. ¢., T. 6; Sv. Bot., T. 764; Fl. Dan., T. 1518, 1644, 2903. Fenzt has in Lepesour, |. c., I, p. 347—350, referred to the Arenaria verna of Linnarus (further defined by Bartiine) a great many forms and species distinguished by different authors, and some botanists who have had an arctic flora for object, have followed him, as I think with good reason. Indeed, the large-flowered main form of the plant, such as grows in the Alps of the Europe and Asia, is not found in arctic regions, but there are, in the first-mentioned parts other forms which connect it with the arctic ones. Knowing such a series of in- termediate forms to exist, I have thought. it best to adopt the above name for the species. The Ellesmereland specimens generally are best referred to var. rubella, (WanLENs.), some may be referred to var. hirta, (Wormsks.), and some others may perhaps represent the var. propinqua, (RicHarDs.). It is, however, quite impossible to draw distinct lines between these forms. In the driest stations the plant appears as var. rubella, generally even smaller and with shorter peduncles as the figure of WAHLENBERG shows. This is the most common form. In somewhat moister and richer 118 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM soil, it gets longer internodes, more leafy branches, and longer flower stalks which are often two- or three-flowered, that is to say, it goes over to var. hirta. I saw it largest and most flourishing on the north side of Fram Harbour, where it formed large, wide-spread, many- flowered tufts. The flowers here also were larger than usual, and had the petals almost longer than the sepals. The flower is pure white in all my specimens, including the smallest and most condensed forms of var. rubella from open, dry, and sunny localities. The species is spread all over the country in almost every kind of soil, except the swamps, but seldom abundant. Flowers were seen from the middle of June; generally it flowered and fruited abundantly. Occurrence. North coast (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound district: reported by Harr and, according to Tu. Hou, collected by Srzin in the Weyprecht Islands; commonly distributed. Specimens of var. hirta from: Fram Harbour (1089); of. var. rubella from: “Fort Juliane” (670), Skraling Island (1384), Lastraea Valley (854), Fram Harbour (1418, 1886), Bedford Pim Island (271, 446, 1190). Also a form with 4-valved capsule was found in Bedford Pim Island (4232). South coast: common. Specimens of var. hirta from: Fram Fjord (1632); several places in the Harbour Fjord, at the anchorage (2544), Lake Valley (2649), ,,green patch” (2556), Seagull Rock (2583); Goose Fjord, Yellow Hill (8954); generally single individuals among var. rubella. Specimens of var. rubella from: Fram Fjord (4262); Harbour Fjord, valley on Sir Inglis Peak (2169), Lake Valley (2476), Spade Point (2576), Barren Vallies (2648); Muskox Fjord (2118); Goose Fjord, east of 3rd quarters (8186, 3302, 3429, 3492), Gallows Point (2992), Bottom-valley (3272), Yellow Hill (3594), Castle Point (8961). West coast: along the Hell Gate, Lands End (2849), between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord (2735, leg. Baumann). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Canada, Vermont, Rocky Moun- tains to Arizona, Alaska, Arctic Siberia, Kamshatka, mountains down to the Altai, Caucasus, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia, Alps, Pyrenées, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland. 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 119 Sagina intermedia, Fernz. S. intermedia, Frnzt, in Leprsour, Fl. Ross. J, 1842; Neuman & Autrvencren, Sv. Fl.; Spergula saginoides 8 nivalis, Linppiom, Bot. Ant, ex p. (2), 1838; Sagina nivalis, Fries, Mantissa 3, ex p.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; Awnpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Harrman, Skand. Fl.; Kruuse, Jan May.; Spergula saginoides, Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer., ex p.? Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2961. The name which is generally used for the plant here in question is S. nivalis, (Linps.) Fr., but I think the right course to adopt, is to use Fenzu’s name for it, as there can be no doubt about what he has meant. An examination of what is understood by the names quoted above of LinnsLom and Figs, leads to the conclusion that the S. nivalis, Fries at least includes both what is usually referred to it, and also the S. caespitosa, (Van). The original plant of LinpsLom perhaps, is identical with the latter, as the description seems to imply, perhaps also it includes both species. The locality Knudshé in Dovre is the same (?) where BagEniTz’s specimens in Herb. Europ. are collected, but as both species grow in those mountains there is no conclusion to be drawn from that fact. In using Fenzi’s name for my plant, I must, however, let it stand as an open question whether the other should be called nivalis, (LinDBL.) or caespitosa, (VAHL), the latter indubitable name being published two years later than the former. In its only Ellesmereland locality, the plant grew at the edge of a little pool among grass and moss. Both flowers and fruits were seen July 30th, 1899. Occurrence. Only on Cocked Hat Island at the East coast (1273). Distribution: East Greenland, West Greenland (not found North of Melville Bay), Arctic America (one specimen, probably from Boothia Felix, from Ross’ second expedition 1829—33, seen in the Nat. Hist. Mus., besides several specimens of S. nivalis), Land of the Chukches, Arctic coast of Asia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. . 120 H. G. SIMMONS. (SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Cerastium alpinum, L. C. alpinum, Lixnarus, Sp. plant, 1753; Mursecx, Nordeurop. Cerast.; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Gronl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor: Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksrriuman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Frmpen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruvusr, Jan May.; C. arcticum, Lanes, 1. ¢, ex p.; C. alp. var. Fischerianum, Duranp, Enum. pl. Smith S., non Series. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 745; Fl. Dan., T. 6, 779. A very common and very variable species, appearing in different forms according to the habitat and sometimes approaching C. Edmond- stonii, (Wats.) Murs. & Osrenr. and the variety caespitosum, (MALMar.) Anperss. & Hessexm. of the latter. The differences between the extreme forms, which, very unlike each other, are however in a greater material, obliterated by a great number of intermediate variations. I tried at first to distinguish C. Edmondstonii also among my material, but at last I arrived at the conclusion, that this species is not represented in Ellesmereland. ©. Edmondstonii, which is only spread in Iceland, Faeroes, Shetland, Scotland, Northern Scandinavia and Spitsbergen, is, I believe, a young species differentiated from C. alpinum, and restricted to the area mentioned. Indeed there are specimens from Greenland that are very like it, but they must be referred to C. alpinum, as I have become convinced in studying the Copenhagen collections. If C. Ed- mondstonit had reached to Greenland, it must of course grow princip- ally in the East coast, but there is only a single locality in the extreme south of that coast mentioned by Lanes, |. c., p. 82, for his C. arcticum. All other localities are on the western side, and principally to the north- ward (several of them are entered on the always very doubtful authority of Kane and Hart). Some new localities have been added later, still principally in the north. There are, however, also a few from the south- western coast and two more from the south-eastern. In the northern parts of the east coast, where the eastern species generally appear, there are no statements about C. Edmondstonii, as far as the main species is concerned. There are indeed, some records of the var. caespitosum, Matmor., which is transferred by Anpersson & HrEsseLman, 1. c., to G. Edmondstonii. But these can hardly be referred to the latter species as will be shown later. Now already this mode of distribution made me very doubtful, whether C. Edmondstonti should really be reckoned as a Greenland 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 191 citizen, and the examination of the specimens further supported my belief. My friend Mr. Ostenretp, one of the authors of C. Edmondstonii is of the same opinion, that no Greenland specimens ought to be referred to that species, but that it is restricted lo the above-mentioned area (in Iceland it grows only in the eastern part of the island, viz., it has the, same distribution there as Alchemilla faeroensis, (LANGE) Buser). The right place of the var. caespitosum, Matmcren, Spetsh. Fan. F'., is, in my opinion, still doubtful, even if it is probably rightly placed by Anpersson & Hesseman in that sense in which they have taken it, Maueren himself, |. c., referred it to C. alpinum, as comprising small- leafed, densely caespitose forms, such as really exist and are to be mentioned in the following as f. pulvinata. It is very probable, that such forms of C. alpinum are found also in Spitsbergen, and they are, when sterile, impossible to distinguish from C. Edmondstonii, which will in all probability vary in the same direction in similar localities. The many forms of C. alpinum are generally directly due to the conditions under which they live, as I am certain after having studied them from nature, not forms which are in the act of differentiation to species, as ANpersson & HessEvman (I. c., p. 64) think, nor have they taken their rise through hybridization. Indeed there exists a complete series of gradations, but still I think the following four types may be distinguished. 1. A large, long-branched, matlike-spreading form with a pubescence which accords rather well with that which Linppiom (Bot. Ant., p. 336) describes as belonging to his e@ legitimum. It has a_ well-developed inflorescence and consequently several scarious bracts. It is found principally in slopes, old settlements and above all in rookeries. 2. A densely caespitose, rather hairy form, not however so hairy as 6 lanatum, Linpst. It has not so many-flowered inflorescences as the first, and the bracts are broader and more herbaceous. The sepals also are here broader and more obtuse, and except for the pubescence, it shows a certain resemblance to C. Edmondstonii. I have seen exactly similar specimens from Spitsbergen, collected at Welcome Point by Wutrr, and referred by him to the latter species (Bot. Beob. Spitzb., p. 110). This form belongs to drier localities, gravel fields and gravelly slopes, especially in the limestone region. 3. A densely caespitose form, far less hairy than the last. The leaves often are quite glabrous except for the ciliation of the margin. The leaves also, as in the last-mentioned form, are very broad and sit close together because the internodes are so short. It flowers very 122 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM sparingly. This form is at home in somewhat moist clay-fields and slopes, up towards drier places it goes over into forms 1. and 2. This most resembles C. Edmondstonii, and I have seen specimens of it collected by Hartz at Scoresby Sound, which (Fan. og Karkr., p. 327) are mentioned as connecting var. caespitoswm with the typical C. alpinum. 4. A small-leafed, condensed form, growing in semi-orbicular tufts or dense mats. It agrees entirely with Maumaren’s description of his variety, has succulent leaves which are quite glabrous or at most furn- ished. with a few ciliae. I always found it sterile. NarworsT says (Nya bidr., p. 22) that var. caespitoswm is more common in the northern coasts of Spitsbergen than C. alpinum, and that it is rarely flowering, or appears to be so, because it flowers late. Anpersson & HESSELMAN on the contrary, speak of C. alpinum as flowering later than C. Edmond- stonii and its variety. I think that these different statements are due to the confusion under var. caespitosum of two separate plants, viz., the analogous varieties of C. alpinum and C. Edmondstonii, of which the latter probably flowers earlier and more abundantly, whereas the former seems to flower very sparingly and then late in the season. | have not had an opportunity of observing it in greater numbers after the beginning of August, but even old inflorescences were sought for in vain in the extreme f. pulvinata. The form 3. also, was rarely found in flower, and only late in the summer. The previously-described glabrous form of C. alpinum, var. glabratum, Rutz., has long inter- nodes and narrow leaves, and flowers normally, that is to say, it is different from the form here in question in every respect. I think that the Ellesmereland form is characteristic enough to get a name and there- fore call it £. pulvinata. It is this form, and not the var. glabratum, which is the counterpart within the formseries of C. alpinum of the var. caespitosum within that of C. Edmondstoniti. The plant which Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., p. 28, mentions as “C. latifolium L. (C. caespitosum Ma.meren)’ belongs, principally at least, to the last-treated form, partly probably also to the form 3. I have seen several specimens in the Nat. Hist. Mus. as may be seen under the occurrence of the forms. The f. pulvinata grows on wet clay fields and its large dense tufts are quite filled with loam. Doubtless this form is directly produced by the local circumstances. It also grows in com- pany with other plants of the same growth, such as Alsine Rossii, Saxifraga oppositifolia {. pulvinata, and others, and is very singular in appearance, but it goes gradually over in the form 3., which is again connected with the other two, I never saw it with flower and of course, 1898-1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 123 it must, in sterile state, be quite impossible to separate from the analogous form of C. Edmondstonii. In Greenland it is found, at least at Hold with Hope, in the east coast. I have seen the specimens of which Hartz (1. c., p. 327) speaks as var. caespitosum, Mauaer. Dustn, Gefiisspfl. Ostgronl., p. 22, and Kruusz, List E. Greenl., p. 159, refer it as a variety to C. Edmondstonii, but as the former at least speaks only of sterile individuals, and as the habitat agrees with that of the f. pulvinata, I cannot hesitate to refer their statements to it. Occurrence. Very common all over Ellesmereland. The localities where the different forms are collected are the following. Form 1. Hayes Sound region: Lastraea Valley (855), Fram Har- bour (1080), Cocked Hat Island (1269), Brevoort Island (1206, leg. Fos- HEIM). South coast: Fram Fjord (1631), Harbour Fjord, Seagull Rock (2596) and at the Western entrance (254). Form 2. Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay (Fempew!), Discovery Harbour (Hart!). Hayes Sound region: Fram Harbour (1471), Cocked Hat Island (1269), Bedford Pim Island (263), Brevoort Island (488). South coast: Fram Fjord (1631); South Cape Fjord (2062); Goose Fjord, Falcon Cliff (2886), Castle Point (3963), Yellow Hill (8589). West coast: between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord (2735, leg. Baumann), Coal Bay, Braskerud Plain (705, leg. Isacusen). Form. 3. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Fempen!). Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay (Fetpen!), Discovery Harbour (Harr!). Hayes Sound region: Rutherford Vallies (451). South coast: Fram Fjord (1631); Harbour Fjord, Western entrance (2457); Goose Fjord, Yellow Hill (3584), East of 3rd quarters (3181, 3487), Bottom Valley (8262). West coast: Lands End (2849). F. pulvinata. North coast: Floeberg Beach (FrrtpEwn!). Hayes Sound region: Rutherford Vallies (3818, 1156), Bedford Pim Island (270). South coast: Harbour Fjord, Barren Vallies, Western entrance (2508); Muskox Fjord (2118); Goose Fjord, spread in the clay fields (3584). West coast: Lands End, Nordstrand (2111), Braskerud Plain (700, leg. IsAcHSEN). C. alpinum is noted from Cape Faraday and Fram Fjord by We- THERILL. Distribution: all over the Arctic Regions and further in Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Caucasus, Northern Scandinavia, Central European mountains, (Faeroes?), Iceland. 124 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Stellaria humifusa, Rotts. S. humifusa, Rorrsé.y, Pl. Isl. Grénl., 1770; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List EK. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Srmmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxerr, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Alsine humifusa, Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl. Fig. Rorrsé.t, J. c., T. 4, fig. 14; Fl. Dan., T. 978. My Ellesmereland plant agrees with Scandinavian and Greenland specimens, only it is somewhat less flourishing than the latter generally are. In its few localities, it grew mostly in company with Glyceria maritima var. reptans, on the beach, generally in loose, sandy, or loamy soil. Jt flowered and fruited profusely. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region: Skraling Island in Alexandra Fjord (1885), Cocked Hat Island (1274). South coast: Muskox Fjord, in the great valley to the west. Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Anticosti, shores of the Pacific down to Sitcha, Arctic Asia, Kamshatka, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Finmark. Stellaria longipes, Gopi. S. longipes, Goxpir, Descr. pl. Canada, 1822; Lansxz, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuser, List E. Greenl.; Narnorsr, N. W. Grénl.; Harv, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; Lrprzour, FI. Ross.; Fempen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hesserman, Spetsb. kiirlv.; S. Ed- wardsti, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv.; Hooker, 1]. c.; S. laeta, Ricuarpson, App. Franklin I; Hooker, |. ¢.; S. stricta, Ricwarvson, 1. ¢.; Hooxer, |. ¢.; S. nitida, Hooxer, in Scorespy, N. Whalefishery; Alsine longipes, Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl. Fig. Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer. I, T. 81; Fl. Dan., T. 2290. As shown in the synonymic this plant has got, almost at the same time, no less than five different names. It is also rather variable, more, however, in the southern parts of its area, than in the far North. Ellesmereland specimens are generally low, condensed, more or less glabrous and very little hairy, agreeing best with the var. humilis of Fenzu in Lepesour, |. c. I, p. 387, and especially with its “lusus 3”, but also specimens differing more or less from it were to be found. It is a very common plant, and grows- under rather different conditions. It was most abundant and vigorous in rookeries, slopes, and old places of habitation. It flowers from the middle of June, but not abundantly ; sparingly fruiting. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 195 Occurrence. North coast, (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greezy), north of Princess Marie Bay (Hart). Hayes Sound region, common, specimens from Skriling Island (1349), Cape Rutherford (3821), Fram Harbour (1102), Bedford Pim Island (267). South coast: common, specimens from Fram Fjord (1646), Walrus Fjord (2112). West coast: everywhere along the Hell Gate to Lands End, between Kidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay, Braskerud Plain (704, leg. IsACHSEN). Distribution: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Nova Scotia, down to Northern New England, Minnesota and California, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Islands of the Bering Sea, in Asia down to Kamshatka, Baical mountains, Altai, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Finmark. Melandrium affine, J. Vaut. Lychnis affinis, J. Vani, in Fries, Mantissa 3, 1842; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Britton & Browy, Ill. Fl.; L. apetala 7 involucrata, Cuamisso & ScHLEcHTEN- pat, Pl, Romanzoff. (?); Melandrium affine, J. Vaut, in Licpman, FI. Dan. 40, 1848; M. involucratum 8 affine, Roursaca, Syn. Lychn.; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Wahlbergella affinis, Frmus, Sum. veg. Seand.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Kseruman & Lunpstrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Anprrsson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Lychnis triflora, Fl. Dan. T. 2178, non R. Brown. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2173. The limits of the genera Melandrium and Wahlbergella are so little defined, that it seems best to follow Roursacu, |. c., who has united them (so also does Pax in Eneter & Prantt, Pflanzenfam.). The present species comes very near to M. triflorum, (R. Br.) Vaut, but must still, I think, be separated from it. Also from M. apetalum it is not easily distinguished where specimens with young fruit are con- cerned. The seeds give a sure distinguishing mark, and flowering speci- mens also of M. affine are easily classified by their erect flowers, much larger white petals and denser pubescence. In my opinion, the arctic-american form is not to be separated from the scandinavian-Spitsbergen-siberian one, which is not biennial as Rourpacu (I. c, p. 216) records but perennial. The petals vary rather much in both, from entire to deeply emarginate. Therefore there is no reason for that division of the species which Rourpacu has made, probably misled by Ruprecut who, in Symb. pl. Ross., p. 24—26, has etablished two species, Wahlbergella vel Gastrolychnis angustiflora 126 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM and Vahlii. The former should agree with Wahlbergella affinis, Fries, as specimens in the Herbarium Normale are quoted instead of description, and the latter with Melandrium affine, Vauu (Fl. Dan., T. 2173 is quoted). RuprecutT consequently has here qouted the names which Vaut and Fries used for the same plant, and has given a new name for each, thus creating, without cause, two new synonyms. Indeed it may be possible that he has had two different forms in front of him, even if that is not to be seen from his description. Lastly, there is the older name of Cuamisso & ScHLECHTENDAL referred here, viz. Lychnis apetala y involucrata. This is given from a single individual of unknown origin (cf. I. c, p. 48) and the descrip- tion applies as well to a form of M. apetalum. The authors themselves speak of: — “Plures varietates, habitu dissimiles, nullis tamen certis distinctas characleribus” and leave to others “specierum condendarum periculum”. Doubtless it would have been better, not to use that name again. M. affine generally grows in somewhat dry places with a dense vegetation, such as rock-ledges and slopes, rookeries, and old Eskimo- settlements. It flowered from the beginning of July and fruited richly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart). Hayes Sound region, rather spread, in some places abundant: Beitstad Fjord, Skraling Island (1867), Cape Viele, Eskimopolis, Lastraea Valley, Fram Harbour (1088), Cocked Hat Island (1272), Bedford Pim Island in several places (278, 441, 1197, 1314). South coast: Fram Fjord (1644); Harbour Fjord, common (1801, 2166, 2825); Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord, in several places (2878, 3505, 3639, 3951). Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, (not found in the Arctic American Archipelago, but probably overlooked), Arctic Ame- rica, Labrador, Western Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Finmark. Melandrium trifiorum, (R. Br.) Vaut. This species is recorded both by Hart and Gregty from Discovery Harbour, but I have seen no specimens of it from Bellot Island where it should grow according to Hart, only Greenland specimens were seen in the Nat. Hist. Mus. The notes about it, wich Greezy, Rep., p. 13, gives, seem also to point to the last species rather than the real M. triflorum. 1 therefore think that it must stand as doubtful, the more so as it is nowhere found outside Greenland, and there only north- wards to Foulke Fjord. 1898 — 1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 197 Melandrium apetalum, (L.) Fenz. Lychnis apetala, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greeny, Rep.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Wahlbergella apetala, Fries, Sum. veg. Scand.; Narsorst, N. W. Grénl.; Ksenuman, in Vegaexp.; Ayversson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; M. apetalum, Fenzt, in Leprgour, Fl. Ross.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl. Fig. Linnazus, FI. Lapp., T. 12, fig. 1; Wanvensere, Fl. Lapp., T. 7; Fl. Dan., T. 806. Generally the Ellesmereland specimens have protruding petals and agree with the var. arctica, Tu. Fries, Till. Spetsb. Fan. Fl. p. 133. This form, however, is closely connected with the main form, which has the petals included in the calyx, which is also found. The pub- escence also is rather variable, sometimes forms are met with, that are almost entirely glabrous (f. glabra RecEt ?). This species generally prefers wetter localities than the preceding, and was found principally along brooks and rinlets and in swamps. It was in flower from the beginning of July, and fruited abundantly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, GREELY), north of Princess Marie Bay (Hart). Hayes Sound region, rarer than M. affine: Rutherford Vallies (1151), Gocked Hat Island (1285), Bedford Pim Island (286, 1192). South coast: Fram Fjord (WetueRiLt, 1652); Harbour Fjord, common (2245, 2337, 2397, 2528, 2552); Muskox Fjord (2139); Goose Fjord, abundant (2884, 3270, 3303, 3393, 3433, 3952, 4931). West coast: Coal Bay in Baumann Fjord. Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic Ameri- can Archipelago, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Kadjak, Islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Baical Mountains, Altai, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia. Closely allied forms also in the mountains of Asia further south. Silene acaulis, (L.) L. Cucubalus acaulis, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Silene acaulis, Livnazus, Sp. plant., Ed. 2; Lanen, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Narsorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Kseuzman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, FI. Ross.; Fripen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv.; Kruusz, Jan May. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 21. Rather often tufts of this plant were found, that had the leaves tinged with dark purple or violet. Sometimes most individuals found in 128 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM a locality showed that colour, sometimes only a single one among many normal green ones, sometimes also only part of a tuft was so coloured. The tufts, which can reach a considerable size, are very hard and compact. Generally it grows in open gravelly soil, especially in slopes to the southward, but it may also be found in level plains both in the low land as well as in the higher plateaus. It flowered from the end of June, and often the tufts were found entirely covered with blossoms, or later, with capsules. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Bellot Island, Discovery Harbour (Hart). Hayes Sound region: “Fort Juliane” (681), Beitstad Fjord, Twin Glacier Valley (871), Cape Viele, ,,Deserted Village’? (Hart). Lastraea Valley, Cape Rutherford, Fram Harbour (1084, 1399), Bedford Pim Island (280). South coast: Fram Fjord (1599), Harbour Fjord, common (2159, 2326); South Cape; Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord, East side from Midday Knoll to the Castle (8578, 3588). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, all over Arctic and Subarctic America from Labrador to the Pacific, in the Rocky Mountains to 52°, Bering Sea Islands, Arctic Asia, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandi- navia, Central and Southern European Mountains, Great Britain, Faer- oes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Polygonaceae. Polygonum viviparum, L. P. viviparum, Liynarvs, Sp. plant., 1753; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List _ E, Greenl.; Narsorst, N. W. Groénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Kaecuman, in Vegaexp.; Levesoour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hesseman, Spetsb. kirlv.; Kruse, Jan May. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 18; Sv. Bot., T. 336. The greater part of the specimens may be referred to f. alpina, — WautenserG, Fl. Lapp., p. 99, but there is no distinct line between this and the narrow-leaved form, which is also found. Consequently, I have not thougt it necessary to distinguish them. It is rather commonly spread especially in moist densely vegetation- clad rock ledges and slopes, but also in other localities. Flowered rather sparingly from the beginning of July. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, GreeLy). Hayes Sound region, com- 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 129 mon, specimens from: Skraling Island (1368), Fram Harbour (1413), Bedford Pim Island (277). South coast, common, specimens from: Harbour Fjord (2158, 2244, 2598), Goose Fjord (2887). West coast: Reindeer Cove, Lands End, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Ford, Coal Bay. Distribution: Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Canada,. New England Mountains, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Alaska, Islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic Siberia, Kam- shatka, mountains of Asia, Caucasus, Northern Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Scandinavia, Denmark, Central European mountains, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Oxyria digyna, (L.) Hu. Rumex digynus, Linnarus, Sp. plant. 1753; Oxyria digyna, Hm, Hort. Kew., 1768; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grinol.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksecuman, in Vegaexp.; Anpersson & Hrs- SELMAN, Spetsb. kirlvy.; Kruusz, Jan May.; 0. reniformis, Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Rheum digynum, Wautensere, Fl. Lapp. Fig. Camppera, Mon. Rum., T. 3; Wauntensenrc, |. c., T. 9; Sv. Bot., T. 692; Fl. Dan., T. 14. Generally at home in moist slopes with a dense vegetation, often found also in gravelly places, or in clayey slopes, where it would sometimes alone form the entire vegetation (Beitstad Fjord). In flower after the middle of June and richly fruiting. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour and southwards to Princess Marie Bay (Harr, GreeLy). Hayes Sound region, common, specimens from: Cape Ruther- ford (809, 686, 1132), Fram Harbour (282, 1416), Bedford Pim Island (262, 1195). Southern East coast: Cape Isabella and Gale Point (Hayes). South coast, common, specimens from: Fram Fjord (WetTHERILL, 1645), Harbour Fjord (2540), Goose Fjord (2998, 3327, 3332). West coast: along the Hell Gate to Lands End, between Kidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay, Braskerud Plain (706, leg. IsacuseEn). Distribution: Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, White Mountains of New Hampshire, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Sitcha, Alaska, Islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic Siberia, Kamshatka, Altai and other mountains, Caucasus, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Scandinavian mountains, Central and South European mountains, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen. 9 130 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Salicaceae. Salix arctica, Pau. S. arctica, Pallas, Fl. Ross., 1790; R. Brown, List of pl., et Chlor. Melv.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Natnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greezy, Rep.; Summons, Prel. Rep. et’ Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Britron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Ksrrumay, in Vegaexp.; Leprpour, FI. Ross.; Lunpstrim, Weid. Nov. Seml.; Anprrsson, in Decanpo.te, Prodr.; S. arctica @ Brownei, Anvrersson, |. c.; Harrz, Fan. og Karkr.; S. Brownei, Lunpstrrém, |. ¢, (non Bess ?)'; S. Pallasii, Anpersson, |. «, S. altaica, Lunpstrém, 1. ¢.; S. cordifolia, Pursu, Fl. Amer. sept.; Hooxer, |. c. Fig. Leprpour, Ic. pl. Fl. Ross. T. 460; Fl. Dan., T. 2488; Luypstrém, 1. ¢., fig. 1; Tab. nostra 7, fig. 6—18. Lunpstrém has, in his very thorough work quoted above, subjected the history and synonyms of the present species to a very recondite examination which must be referred to for particulars, here it may be enough to state, that the original S. arctica of Pattas was a broad- leaved form with short, slender branches, rather reminiscent of S. reti- culata. The same name was, however, used about thirty years later by Ros. Brown, who doubtless has not known Patzas’ plant. This new S. arctica somewhat differed from the first, but not enough to be separated from it as a species. I have seen Brown’s type-specimens for the description in Chlor. Melv., and it has somewhat smaller and narrower, rather glabrous leaves, but does not otherwise differ from specimens determined by Lunpstrém as S. arctica, Patt. But later also the Greenland plant which has since been called S. groenlandica, (Anperss.) Lunpstr., was referred to it, and as Anpersson, l. ¢., re- ferred the name arctica to these, he established a new species S. Pallasii for the original asiatic plant, and moreover a var. Brownei (should be spelled “Brownii”) of the former. Lunpsrrém has conceived the affinity of all these forms and speaks of their continuity, but not- withstanding he says about Brown’s form: “Richtiger wiirde es viel- leicht sein, diese Form unter den Namen S. arctica Pau. var. Brownei (Anps.) nob. hinzufiihren”, he has nevertheless ‘der Kiirze wegen” set it up as a separate species. In this I cannot follow Lunpsrroém, but must let it stand as a variety, as also the form groenlandica. Indeed herbarium specimens of the extreme forms may seem rather different, ' To judge from the distribution given to S. Brownii, Buss, by Brrrron & Brown, lc, I, p. 502, it should not include Ros. Brown’s plant, notwithstanding the synonym. That the figure does not agree with it, is perhaps of less importance, as it is hardly worse than many other figures in that work. On the other hand, Weruernt, List 1894, p. 212, seems to have got his S. Brownii determined by Begs. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 131 but many intermediate forms will also be found, that could as well be referred to one variety as another, and taken together they form an almost complete form-series between S. reticulata} on the one side, and S. glauca on the other. The broad-leaved, reticulata-like forms appear to be most common in Asia, in Greenland and America they are rather rare, here we have instead the var. Brownii as the most common form, especially to the north. In southern Greenland the var. groenlandica is most common and connects the species with S. glauca. Of the latter, Lunpstriém distinguishes a var. subarctica, which, however, I am not able to se- parate from S. arctica var. groenlandica. All the last-mentioned forms appear also in Asia, but are less common there than the typical S. arctica, PALL. In Ellesmereland, the var. Brownii was by far the most common. It grew in almost every locality, very differently developed according to the nature of the habitat. Sometimes it had branches a yard long, and an inch or even more in diameter, but generally, it was much smaller. The branches, however, always lay closely pressed to the soil or even half buried in it, or creeping among moss, at most they would lie espalier-like over the surface of a rock, they never rose free into the air. In the dense vegetation of slopes and rookeries the branches sometimes rose a little from the ground, and here usually the broad-leaved forms were found. The var. groenlandica, Anpverss. (S. groenlandica, Lunpsrrém, |. c.; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.) as mention- ed, is principally a South Greenland plant, which is, however, also found in the northern parts of the land (cf. Harvz, |. c., and Ostenretp, Flow. pl. Cape York). In Ellesmereland it was very rare, yet I have specimens referred to it. Young plants of S. arctica often show a considerable likeness to S. polaris or S. herbacea, and may have been taken for one of them (797, 1846, represent such a young state). Salix arctica was one of the first plants to show signs of life in the spring. I have seen the buds burst and the aments protrude, as early as the middle of May in favorable localities, but then it developed more slowly than some other species and did not attain to flowering as soon as Saxifraga oppositifolia. But generally it came next on the list of flowering species. The capsules were generally ripe rather early, 1 There exist some older statements about S. reticulata from Greenland, which are doubtless to be referred to such forms, as the real S. reticulata is never found there by later collectors. 132 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM and in many places it showed decidedly a defoliation already before the frost set in, a phenomenon not observed in any other plant in these regions, where generally the dead leaves rest upon the plant until they decay. Occurrence. F. typica. Hayes Sound region: Skriling Island (1374), Cocked Hat Island (4234). South coast: Goose Fjord, east of 3rd quarters (4238). Var. Brownii. North coast and Grinnell Land, common (Hart; I have referred all statements from the Northern region to the most_ common form, as Hart has not made any difference between the forms even if he speaks of the great variability), already recorded by Hayes from Cape Frazer; in the interior at Lake Hazen (Greety). Hayes Sound region, extremely common, specimens from: Cape Viele (885), table land of Cape Rutherford (1202), Fram Harbour (1419), Cocked Hat Island (1216), Bedford Pim Island (299, 1310). Southern East coast: Cape Isabella and Gale Point (Haves). South coast: common, specimens from: Fram Fjord (1647); Goose Fjord (2891, 2893, 3299). West coast: along the Hell Gate to Lands End, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay, Braskerud Plain (692, leg. Isacusen), Bay Fjord (476, leg. Bay). Var. groenlandica. Only found on the north side of Fram Har- bour (683). Distribution: Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Islands of the Bering Sea, Arctic Siberia, Kamshatka, Altai, Novaja Semlja. Juncaceae. Juncus biglumis, L. J. biglumis, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Bucuenav, Mon. June.; Geverr, in Osrenrep, F]. Aret.; Laner, Consp. FJ. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Ksettman, in Veguaexp.; Lepepour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 497, f. 2; Fl. Dan., T. 120. Rather commonly spread in swamps, along brooks and in inundated soil. In flower from the beginning of July. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Shift Rudder Bay, St Patrick’s Bay, Discovery Harbour north of Prin- cess Marie Bay (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound region, rather common, specimens from: “Fort Juliane” (677), table land of Cape Rutherford 1898—1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 133 (317), Fram Harbour (1125, 1400), Bedford Pim Island (1255). South coast, common, specimens from: Fram Fjord (1612), Harbour Fjord (4263). West coast: along the Hell Gate to Lands End. Distribution: Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Canada, Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, Northern Siberia, Himalaya, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia, Scotland, Faeroes, Iceland. Luzula arcuata, (Wauvens.) Sw. var. confusa, (LinpEB.) Kse.um. Juncus arcuatus 8, Wanenserc, FI. Lapp., 1812; ZL. confusa, Linpeserc, Resa i ; Norge, 1855; Bucnenav, Mon. June.; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruusg, List E. GreenJ.; Natuorsr, N. W. Grénl.; Z. hyperborea, R. Brown, Chlor. ee eX p.; Cis Rep.; Juncoides hyperboreum, Brirron & Brown, Ml. Fl.: arcuata, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp. ex p.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; ex Ps Lepegour, FI. Ross., ex p.; L. arcuata var. ha yperborea, Anpersson & Hes- SELMAN, Spetsb. ee DL. are. var. confusa, Ksetiman, in Vegaexp.; Geert, in Ostenrexp, Fl. Arct.; LZ. campestris var. congesta, Hart, |. ¢. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1886. It was first after considerable hesitation, that I resolved upon using the above name for the plant here in question. Its near affinity to L. arcuata cannot be doubted, but the difference in the habit and the limits of its area of distribution speak rather decidedly in favour of looking upon it as a separate species, as LinpEpere, 1. c., p. 9, also advocates for. The characters in which, according to LinpEBerG and other authors, it should differ from the typical L. arcuata, are hardly, however, as constant as required for the establishment of a species. Indeed, the perianth-parts are generally shorter than the capsule, which again, is considerably blunted and almost orbicular, but these characters may also be found in a L. arcuata, which is, for the rest, quite typical. Thus the only thing left is to define it entirely by characters of habit, viz., coarser growth, higher and stiffer culm, considerably denser and larger heads (spikes) of flowers, generally in a lesser number (often a single one only), on shorter, coarser and stiffer peduncles. On this hardly more than a variety can be established, even if this form is, within a great area, the only one to be found. All specimens from Greenland in the Copenhagen herbarium, belong to var. confusa, as does also the arctic american specimens I have seen in the London collections. From America I have seen only a single specimen of the main form in the Nat. Hist. Mus. It was collected by Macoun, 1889, at “Mtns n. of 134 H. G. SIMMONS. |SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Griffin Lake”, British Columbia. In Iceland both forms grow, in the Faeroes probably only the main form. In Northern Europe, both are found, as also in Spitsbergen, where the typical L. arcuata is, however, only once collected (by Naruorst at Safe Haven, 1882). In Jan Mayen again, only the latter is found. In arctic Asia var. confusa seems to predominate. Indeed the distribution seems to point to the fact that the var. confusa is a high-arctic modification of the ZL. arcuata of more southern localities, but the fact of the appearance of the latter in Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen again shows that there must be a somewhat more consolidated difference, as the species ought otherwise to have changed into the variety when, for instance, it reached Jan Mayen. LinveserG (1. c.) has also put forward several objections against using the name, L. hyperborea, R. Br. for the plant here in question and quite rightly I think. In fact, the description of R. Brown, I. c., p. 25, is so little clear, that it has been applied to two plants so dif- ferent as the present one and L. nivalis, and, as is pointed out by Tu. M. Fries, Nov. Seml. Veg., p. 40, both species are confounded in the original collection from Melville Island. I have also made sure of that myself, and I think, that there is ample cause for cancelling that name. LinpeperG, however, thinks that it is to be used for the plant which is also called L. nivalis or L. arctica. But this cannot be right either. Only the remark “folia plana” in the description of Brown, 1. c., could be used to show that that plant might be meant, and also L. arcuata var. confusa has flat culm leaves. When the description is not clear enough to show which of the two species is meant, the name must not be taken up again, and moreover there is the confusion of specimens of both, mentioned above. Bucuenav, |. c., p. 121, takes L. hyperborea, R. Br., as a collective species, under which he puts L. arctica, Buyrt, L. arcuata, WAHLENB. and L. confusa, Linpes. If such a combination should be accepted at all, which I think quite out of the question, at least the oldest name, that of WaHLENBERG, must be used for it, not the younger one of R. Brown. Curiously enough, Bucuenau says about the leaves of L. confusa: “lamina plana (raro involuta)’, but specimens in the Copen- hagen herbarium, which he has himself referred to L. confusa, have involute leaves. That the var. latifolia, Kseuum. is to be referred to L. nivalis, Geert has shown (1. c., p. 30). Most part of my specimens can be referred to £. subspicata, Lance, as they have no long pedunculate heads, and have either a spike-like inflorescence reminiscent of L. spicata, (L.) Dc., or a single head. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 135 L. arcuata var. confusa was a very common plant, growing in very different localities, but preferring a dense vegetation. It flowered from the end of June. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach and Feilden Peninsula (Ferpen!). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound region, common, specimens from: Skraling Island (1370), Cape Viele (862, 1343), Cape Rutherford (1896, 1897), Fram Harbour (284, 1109, 1165), Cocked Hat Island (1215), Bedford Pim Island (259, 440, 1248). South coast, common, especially in the archaean district; spe- cimens from: Fram Fjord (1608); Harbour Fjord, Seagull Rock (2588), Sir Inglis Peak (2167, 2655); Goose Fjord (2994, 3266, 3301, 3499, 3581). West coast: Lands End, Braskerud Plain. Distribution: The variety as already mentioned represents the species in nearly all arctic localities, generally alone. Further south it is found together with the main species, especially in Europe and Asia, in America it reaches as far south as the mountains of New England and the Rocky Mountains. True LZ. arcuata from America, I have only seen from the single locality in British Columbia mentioned above. Luzula nivalis, (Lasst.) Beurt. L. campestris 8 nivalis, Larsrapius, Bot. Anm., 1823; L. nivalis, Beurtine, Luz. Scand. consp., 1853; Grtert, in Osrenretp, Fl. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Aypersson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karlv.; non Sprenern, Syst. veg. (?); L. arctica, M. N. Buyrr, Norg. Fl.; Bucaenav, Mon. Junc.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Kseruman, Sib. Nordk. Fan. Fl.; Kaenuman & Lunpstrém, Fan. Nov. Seml..; Z. hyperborea, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., ex p.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer., ex p.; Fries, Sum. veg. Scand.; Liyprsere, Resa i Norge; L. arcuata f. latifolia, Kretuman, As. Beringss. Fan.; L. confusa var. latifolia, Bucuenau, 1, c.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Juncoides nivale, Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2952. As appears already from the long list of synonyms, there has been a great difference in the opinions of different authors about this plant. That it forms part of the L. hyperborea of R. Brown has already been mentioned under the last species, where I have also given my reasons for not adopting that name for either of them. The oldest available name, is that of Larsraptus, |. c., which applies to our plant, as appears from the rather good description as well as from specimens in the Stockholm herbarium. For the transmitting to the genus Luzula, BEuRLING must be quoted, as it is impossible to make out what Spren- GEL (I. c.) meant. 136 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM LinpEBERG says that in Dovre this species grows highest up in the mountains; this as well as the statement of Biyrrt, that he has collected it in wet places, covered with mosses and lichens in the higher moun- tains, accords well with my experience, that L. nivalis, which is considerably rarer and more sporadic in Ellesmereland than the last species, generally prefers poorer places with a scanty vegetation but with a larger supply of water. It flowered somewhat later than the preceding. Occurrence. Northern coast: Egerton Valley (Ferpen !). Grinnell Land (I cannot but assume that some of Hart’s statements under L. arcuata must be referred to this). Hayes Sound region: Eskimopolis (838), Skraling Island (4257), Cape Rutherford (301), Fram Harbour (4259, 4260), Bedford Pim Island (4256, 4258), probably overlooked in other places. South coast, less rare, but not so common by far as was the preceding, especially in the archaean district: Fram Fjord in the Western valley (1662); Harbour Fjord, Spade Point (1799), Western Sound (2439), “green patch” at the anchorage (2508); Muskox Fjord (2146); Goose Fjord, Falcon Cliff (2885), at the bottom of Walrus Fjord (2869). West coast: Nordstrand (2111, leg. Fosnem), Braskerud Plain (698, leg. Isacusen). Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic Ameri- can Archipelago, Arctic America, Alaska, Pribilof and St. Lawrence Is- lands, Arctic Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia. Cyperaceae. Carex membranopacta, Baey. C. compacta, R. Brown, List of pl. 1819; non Krocxer; C. membranacea, Hooxer, Bot. App. Parry II; Boorr, in Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Hooxer & Arnost, Bot. Beechey; Torrey, Am. Cyp.; non Hoppe; C. sawatilis var. compacta» Dewey, Caricogr.; C. saxatilis, Torrey, |. ¢., (?): C. rotundata, Ostrenrerp, Fl. Arct., ex p.; C. pulla, Ksettman, Fan. Vestesk. land; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; C. membranopacta, Battery, Not. on Carex, 17, 1893; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof (?). Fig. Tab. nostra 9, fig. 1-4. The plant here in question seems to be the substitute in arctic America, perhaps also further south, for on the one side the typical C. rotundata, such as it appears in northern Europe and also in Greenland, and on the other for C. pulla, which it resembles in its flat leaves. During my stay in Ellesmereland, I was rather doubtful where to place this plant which though calling to mind both the species mentioned, still 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 137 did not quite agree with either of them. Later I found that the plant was described by Hooker on specimens from Duke of York Bay (Southampton Island) from Parry’s second voyage (I have also seen original specimens in the London and Copenhagen collections). But the name of Hooker cannot be used, as there existed already another C. membranacea, described by Hoppe, 1832. The oldest name of the plant C. compacta, was also previously used by Krocker, 1814, and moreover R. Brown, I. ¢., has instead of description, only the remark “C. pullae affinis’. Batey, |. c., therefore is quite right in giving a new name to the plant, which must doubtless be given the rank of a separate species. OsTENFELD, |. c., has referred C. membranopacta to C. rotundata, to which it doubtless comes nearest and for which it seems to be the substitute all over the american area (according to Brirron & Brown, l. c., I, p. 296, it also goes over to Asia, down to Kamshatka). In Greenland, the european C. pulla and C. rotundatu are found, but not C. membranopacta which may, however, be looked for on the north-western coast. C. pulla is also found in America, where RicHaRpson among others, has collected it. The diagnosis of Hooker runs thus: “C. membranacea, spica mascula_subsolitaria, femineis magis minusve pedicellatis, oblongo- cylindraceis erectis obtusis (atrofuscis, nitidis); fructu laevi rotundato, inflato, breviter acuminato bifido, pedicellato; vaginis perbrevibus”’. The following description also agrees in detail with my plant, it is too long to quote here, but I will give a shorter description as follows: Rhizome with long shoots, creeping under ground and clothed with dark brown, glossy sheaths. Culms 10—30 cm. high, rounded triquetrous, upwards with sharper, scabrous edges; leafy in the lower third or half. Leaves of the length of the culm or generally shorter; 3—5 mm. broad, flat, or becoming somewhat involute in drying; scabrous at the margin. Leafy shoots rather numerous, and, the same as the culms, covered with glossy brown or reddish sheaths at the base. The lowest bract quite herbaceous (as sometimes also the next) reaching the height of the culm, but very rarely the top of the uppermost spike. The upper bracts generally developed only as brown sheaths. Pistillate spikes generally two or three, the lowest one rather often with a short, stiff peduncle; about 2 cm. long or shorter, thickly cy- lindraceous, or nearly ovate when they are short. Staminate spike ge- nerally single, club-like; sometimes there may be another smaller one 138 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM below it, and also the staminate spike (or spikes) may have feminine flowers at the base. Scales of the pistillate spikes dark brown, (sometimes light, scareous at the top) rather abruptly contracted in a short point. Scales of the masculine spikes more obtuse, also dark brown and with lighter points. Utricles membraneceous, inflated, in drying getting more or less crumpled and. collapsed; shiny, dark auburn or lighter at base; with a very short pedicel and above abruptly contracted to a very short, minutely two-toothed beak. The short, rounded, nearly obovate utricles of C. membranopacta form a distinct character from C. pulla, which has them widest near the base and gradually tapering upwards, and also from C. rotundata, which has them rather elliptic. Stigmas ge- nerally three as in C. rotundata, occasionally two. The description of the plant in question which is given by Brirton & Brown I, p. 296, agrees on the whole well with the specimens I have seen only it must be remembered that those authors have probably studied specimens from more southern localities, while mine were from its northern limit. The fig. 685, like so many others of the Ill. Fl, is so little characteristic or partly wrong, that it would be better left out. However, I think that the statements about the distribution may be relied upon, except when Greenland is drawn into its area. I have not been able to find a single specimen of C. membranopacta in the Copen- hagen herbarium, where large collections of C. pulla and C. rotundata are to be found. In northwestern Greenland it may, perhaps, still be found, as it seems not improbable that it might have reached over there as well as a number of other american species. The plant which Macoun, |. c., p. 578, mentions as C. membranopacta, seems to differ somewhat from the arctic one, but is probably not specifically different from it. C. membranopacta grew generally in swamps and along brooks, often in company with C. aquatilis var. stans. It was in flower about the beginning of July and fruited abundantly. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region: Twin Glacier Valley (868); Lastraea Valley (857); Bedford Pim Island, Rice Strait side (1254). South coast, found only in the archaean district, entirely missing in the lime- and sandstone region to the west: Western valley in Fram Fjord (1602); Harbour Fjord, Big Valley (2342), Lake Valley (2229), wet ledges of the “green patch” at the anchorage (2241, 4002). Distribution: Arctic American Archipelago (the following spe- cimens seen: Port Bowen (Jas. Ross), Kingnite (Taytor), Kickertine, 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 139 Southampton Island and Igloolik (Parry, sec. voy.), Minto Inlet). Arctic America (specimens from Boothia Felix (?)), Joun Ross 1829—33; Rae River, Cumberland House, Bear Lake, Ricuarpson, &c.; Alaska (spe- cimens from Port Clarence, Ksetiman), Pribilof Islands, Land of the Chukches (somewhat doubtful specimens with young spikes, taken by KseLtman at Konyam Bay) Kamshatka. Carex capillaris, L. C. capillaris, Liynarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Ostenrenp, FI. Arct.; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Summons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Britron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Torrey, Am. Cyp.; Kseniman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Mrtnsuausen, Cyp. Russl. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2374. This seems to be a very rare species within the area, but as it has rather a great resemblance in habit to small specimens of C. misandra, it may perhaps have been overlooked in some place or other. It grows together with the latter species in densely vegetation- clad slopes, where it is not too dry. Occurrence. South coast: Harbour Fjord, ledges of the “green patch” (2239, 3996), and at the Western sound (2441). Distribution: East Greenland, Danish West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago (only seen from Baffin Land), Arctic America, ‘and down to Labrador, New Foundland, Maine, White Mountains, Michigan, Rocky Mountains to Colorado and Utah, Alaska, Unalaschka, Northern Siberia, Kamshatka, Altai, Caucasus, Northern Russia, North- ern Scandinavia, mountains of Central and Southern Europe, Great Britain, Iceland. Carex ustulata, Waun.eENs. C. ustulata, Wancenserc, Inl. Caricogr., 1803; OsrTenreco, Fl. Arct.; ANpERsson, Cyp. Scand.; Mrmsuausrn, Cyp. Russl.; Dustn, Gefisspfl. Ostgrénl.; Apromer, Phan. Westgrénl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep., Bot. Arb. et Dan. Greenl. pl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Torrey, Am. Cyp.; Ksriiman, in Vegaexp. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 717; Fl. Dan., T. 1590. It is not without hesitation, that I uphold the above name. WaHLEN- BERG, |. c., 4, p. 156, himself gives C. atrofusca, ScHKuUHR, as a syno- nym. This name is two years older than that of WaAHLENBERG, and should, consequently be used for the plant if it could be proved that the author has really had the same species in mind. But this is very 140 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM doubtful; the figure quoted by WanLENBERG (Riedgriis. N. 90 (p. 106) T. 284Y, N. 82) depicts C. atrofusca with scales that are only little more than half as long as the utricles, and this cannot be a casual error, as it is twice repeated. In spite of the resemblance which the figure shows in other points to C. ustulata, I think this is enough to prevent the adoption of the name of Scuxunr. . Moreover there is also said in the description: ‘fast zur Halfte kirzeren Schuppen als die Kapseln”. The author further says that he has got his specimen among C. atrata “ohne Anzeige des Vaterlandes” and lastly he records it from Iceland, where C. ustulata does not grow. Later Scuxunr himself in Bot. Handb., 4, p. 221, accepted the name C. ustulata, Wantens., with his own name atrofusca as a synonym, but here also it is recorded from Iceland. Even if there should exist original specimens to show | that C. ustulata has been understood by Scuxunr under his C. atro- fusca, it can hardly have had reference to that plant alone, but some other must have been included, and it is, partly at least, that other plant which has been described and figured. Consequently the name of WaHLENBERG alone is available. This sedge, which has a rather remarkable sporadic distribution in arctic countries, was one of the rarest in Ellesmereland. Nevertheless I think it quite impossible that I could have overlooked it in other places as it immediately catches the eye, where it stands in the swamps | with its sooty black, long-pedunculate and early drooping spikes. Still in flower July 26, 1900. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (?). Grey, Rep. 2, p. 15, has in his list a “Carex atrata, Linn.; or ustulata, Want.” about which he says: “From 600 to 1200 feet (183 to 366 m.) allitude, in marshy or damp Joamy soil; specimens from 1 to 6 inches (25 to 152 mm.) high”. Of course it is rather difficult to form an opinion about a plant so curiously designed, but still I think it more probably that it really is C. wstulata, which is found in several arctic american localities, than C. atrata, L., of which no specimens from arctic America were to be found in the London collections. Hayes Sound region: “De- serted Village” Hart (one individual together with C. misandra). South coast, Harbour Fjord: Big Valley (2343), Barren Valley (2396). Distribution: East Greenland (only at Hurry Inlet, 71°, Duss, 1901), West Greenland (Préven, 72° 20’, Hart, 1875 (sub C. fuliginosa), Karajak Fjord, 70° 25’, Van Horren, 1897); Arctic American Archi- pelago (Port Bowen, Jas. Ross; Igloolik, Parry’s sec. voy.; Cambridge Bay, Anpersson; these are all the specimens seen in the Nat. Hist. 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. {41 Mus. and at Kew); Arctic America (specimens scen from south side of Fury and Hecla Strait; Rae River, Ricuarpson, and from the voyage of that traveller 1848—49); Labrador (?); Alaska; Land of the Chukches; East Siberia, mouth of the Yenissei, alpine in Asia down to the Hima- layas, Northern Russia, mountains of Scandinavia, the Alps, Scotland. Carex misandra, R. Br. C. misandra, Ros. Brown, Chlor. Mely., 1823; Osrenrerp, Fl. Arct.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvsr, List I. Greenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.: Greety, Rep.; Britton & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; ANnprersson & HesseLMan, Spetsb. kirlv.; Neuman & Autrvencren, Sv. Fl.; A. Biyrt, Norg. Fl; C. fulginosa 8 ‘misandra, Lane, Car. germ. et scand.; C. fuliginosa, Hooxrr, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Torrey, Am. Cyp.; Anprrsson, Cyp. Scand.; Hartman, Skand. Fl.; Mrmnsuavusen, Cyp. Russl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Fempen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml.; C. frigida 8, Lepexsour, Fl. Ross. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2373; Anversson, |. ¢, T. 7, fig. 90. The difference between the C. misandra of R. Brown and C. fuliginosa, Srerns. & Hoppe, is doubtless very small, and the former says himself (I. c., p. 51) about his plant: “Hine ad C. fuliginosam Sternb. 1. ¢. procul dubio referenda”. Nevertheless all the authors who have lately treated the flora of arctic countries, have kept the plant of those regions separate from that of central Europe. I have seen very little of C. fuliginosa from central Europe, and have thought it best to accept the commonly-used name. The name C. fuliginosa is first used by Scuxuur, Riedgras., p. 91 et T. Cc, n. 47 (4801), but the plant there described and figured is most probably C. frigida, Att., FI. Pedem. (1785). Later the name fuliginosa was used by STERNBERG & Horr in Denkschr. d. k. Bayr. Got. Gesellsch. V. 1, 1816 (according to Hopp, Caric. germ., p. 52) for a plant which comes very near to the arctic one and seems to differ principally in its larger growth, longer, more cylindraceous spikes, and the white-tipped beak of the utricle. Rather often the Ellesmereland plant has also the spike below the terminal one androgynous, or sometimes also there is a small female spike placed so near the terminal one, as to give it almost the aspect of being branched. The colour of the scales varies between rather light brown and almost black. In the latter case, especially when the pedunc- les of the spikes are short, and the inflorescence contracted, the plant acquires a certain resemblance in habit to C. atrata. C. misandra is the most common representative of the genus in Ellesmereland. It is rarely lacking in the slopes, and is also commonly found in plain that are not too moist, it grows on the top of higher 142 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC, ARCT. EXP. FRAM knolls in the swamps; and its big, compact tufts often clothe wide stretches of ground. Its size may be very different, but under favour- able conditions, in rich soil and in warm summers, I have seen it attain to the height of 15 inches (at the ‘green patch” near our anchorage in the Harbour Fjord, and in the great valley in the Walrus Fjord, 1902), but also stunted individuals, not more than an inch or two high, could be found It flowered from the end of June and fruited abundantly. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach(Hart). Grinnell Land; Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greety); Franklin Pearce Bay (Hart), Victoria Head. Hayes Sound region, common; specimens from: Cape Ruther- ford (3805), Bedford Pim Island (269, 1251). South coast, common in _the archaean territory; specimens from: Fram Fjord (1622), Harbour Fjord (2238, 2341, 2446, 3997); more rare to the west in the lime and sandstone regions; specimens from: South Cape Fjord (2062), Goose Fjord (8331). West coast: Simmons Peninsula up to Lands End; Braskerud Plain (707, leg. IsacHsen). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America, Hudson Bay region, Rocky Mountains to Co- lorado, Alaska, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chukches, mouths of Lena and Olenek Rivers, East Siberia, Kamshatka, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland. C. fuligi- nosa in the Caucasus and Central European mountains. Carex pedata, Wauntens. C. pedata, Wautenserc, Fl. Lapp., 1812; Ostenrerp, Fl. Arct.; Layer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Leprsour, FI. Ross.; Metnsuavsen, Cyp. Russl.; Anpersson, Cyp. Scand.; Harrman, Skand. Fl.; non Linnarus, Sp. plant. Ed. 2; nec Autioni, Fl. Pedem. Fig. Wantensere, I. c., T. 14; Sv. Bot., T. 684; Fl. Dan, T. 2481. The name C. pedata is first used by Linnagus, |. c., p. 1384, but the plant there understood, is certainly something quite different from that which WanLenBerG has afterwards identified with it. As already pointed out by several authors, the specimens of Linnazus have prob- ably belonged to C. globularis, L., nothwithstanding the quotations point to C. ornithopoda, Wutp. This is especially the case with the quotation “Mich. gen. T. 32, fig. 14”. The figure of Micueurus (N. plant. gen.) can hardly have reference to any other species than the last-mentioned, or C. digitata, L. Attioni, |. c. 2, p. 268, gives no description, but quotes only Linnazus and the authors already quoted by him. In the Alps, however, neither C. pedata, WauHLENB., nor C. 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 143 globularis, L., are found. The question is, can it therefore be assumed, that Attiont has had in mind the plant which generally goes under the name C. ornithopoda, Wiup., and that consequently this should by rights be called C. pedata, Aut., and that the plant of WaAHLENBERG should have a new name? The statement about the habitat “in sylvis subhumidis montanis” and its place beside C. digitata, speak undeni- ably in favour of this. Linnazus also has his C. pedata placed beside C. digitata, and it is recorded as growing “in Helvetia, Anglia, Lap- ponia”, viz., regions where C. ornithopoda is found. But as it is not proved to be a certainty what Linnagus or Attion1 meant by C. pedata, I think it may be better at present to leave their names entirely out of consideration and to keep the name of WaHLENBERG, as now used for nearly a hundred years. This species has never before been recorded from any part of America, and even if found by Feitpen, without being recognised by Hart, it may still be considered a very rare plant in Ellesmereland. Grew in dry, gravelly rock ledges, fruiting when found about the beginning of August, 1900. Occurrence. East coast: Hayes Sound, leg. Fempen, Aug. 1875! (This is probably the “C. alpina, Sw. (C. holostoma, Drej.)” of Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., p. 38). South coast: Harbour Fjord at the Western sound (2445) and together with C. capillaris at the “green patch” near the anchorage (4251). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Alaska, Land of the Chukches, mouths of the Lena and Yenissei Rivers, East Siberia, Altai, Northern Russia and Finland, mountains of Northern Scandinavia, Iceland. Carex rupestris, Auu. C. rupestris, Autiont, Fl. Pedem., 1785; Osrenretp, Fl. Arct.; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvsr, List E. Greenl.; Greety, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer; Brirron & Brown, Ill. FL; Kseruman, Fan: Vestesk. land; Leprsour, FI. Ross.; MetvsHavsen, Cyp. Russl.; Ksertman & Luxpstrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv. Fig. FL. Dan., T. 1401, 2433. Not having seen the specimens of Gresty, I must take it for granted that he has rightly determined the plant, which is probably very rare in Arctic America. I found it in dry rock ledges near our second winter quarters. 144 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (? Greety). Hayes Sound region: “Fort Juliane’ (680). South coast: Harbour Fjord east of the anchorage (2228, 2537). West coast: Bays Fjord (481, leg. Bay). Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Labrador to British Columbia, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Alaska, Baical region, Altai, Yenissei district, Caucasus, Ural, Northern Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, mountains of Central Europe, Scot- land, Iceland. Carex aquatilis, Wan.ens. var. stans, (DREs.) Boort. C. stans, Dresr, Rev, Car. bor., 1841; Lancer, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.: ©. aquatilis var. stans, Boorr ex Battery, Not. on Carex; Ostrn- retp, Fl. Arct.; C. aquatilis var. epigejos, KseLuman, in Vegaexp.; C. rigida, Hart, |. ¢c.; C. vulgaris var. hyperborea, Grerty, Rep. (?). Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2477. During my stay in Ellesmereland, I thought that the specimens now referred here represented two species, but I have since arrived at the conclusion, that not only the tall form growing in the water of pools, etc. (1363, 1893) belongs to the above variety, but also the shorter and stouler Carex, which grew commonly in swamps, along brooks, and also in drier soil, which plant I had originally identified with C. hyperborea, Dres. It is the latter form, which Harr has called C. rigida, as | have ascertained at Kew. It seems rather a probable con- jecture, that the above-quoted statement of GreELy must also be referred to the same. The large water-form may perhaps be referable to f. sphagnophila, Fries, at least it very much resembles some of the specimens distri- buted by the author in the Herb. Norm., Fasc. 11, N. 78, and it also agrees with the description in AnpERsson, Cyp. Scand., p. 47. Fries himself has given no precise description of it but refers in Sum. veg. Scand. only to the above number in the Herb. Norm. Flowered rather late in July, but fruited abundantly. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Harr!), Shift Rudder Bay (Fempen!). Hayes Sound region, rather common: “Fort Juliane”, Beitstad Fjord (489, 651), Skraling Island (1363, 1365), Twin Glacier Valley (1892), Cape Viele (860, 1344, 1893), “Deserted Village” (Hart), Lastraea Valley ({891), Fram Harbour (288), Bedford Pim Is- 1898 — 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 145 land (260). South coast, less common, especially outside the archaean district: Fram Fjord, along a river in the Western valley (4253); Har- bour Fjord, in the Big Valley (2339) and Barren Vallies (2391); Goose Fjord, Ptarmigan Gorge (3391). , Distribution: West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Alaska, Arctic Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Northern Scandinavia. The main species rather widely spread southwards in the continents. Carex glareosa, Wautens. C. glareosa, Wan.ensere, Inl. Caricogr., 1803; Scuxunr, Riedgris. 2; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvsr, List E, Greenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksetrman, in Vegaexp.;_ Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hexsserman, Spetsb. kirlv.; Anpersson, Cyp. Scand. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 645; Fl. Dan., T. 2430. This seems to be a very rare species, as I have only found it in a single locality, in dry places together with C. rupestris. Only old culms were found (June 6, 1899) and I had no occasion to visit the place at a more favorable season. Occurrence. Hayes Sound, “Fort Juliane” (680). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Baffin Land, Labrador, Canada, Alaska, Unalaschka, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chukches, Kamshatka, Northern Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland. Carex ursina, Dew. C. ursina, Dewey, Caricogr., 1835; Torrey, Amer. Cyp.; Osrenretp, Fl. Arct.; Lance, Cenap. FL Groenl.; Kruvsr, List E. Greenl.; Smmmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; Ksrtuman, Sibir. nor. fan.; Ksettman & Lunp- strém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Anpersson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karlv.; C. glareosa ursina, Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl. Fig. Dewey, 1. c., T. 5, fig. 68; Hooxer, 1. c. 2, T. 210; Fl. Dan, T. 2429. A rare species only found in two places, but growing there soci- ably in wet soil, and both times (July 30, 1899 and August 4, 1902), fruiting abundantly. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region: near the Eskimo house on Cocked Hat Island (1275). South coast: great valley on the West side of Walrus Fjord, near the shore (3935). 10 146 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Distribution: East Greenland, Danish West Greenland, Arctic America, (not found in the islands), Northern Siberia (only found in the islands Bjeli Ostrow (White Island) and Preobrascheni), Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. Carex incurva, Licutr. C. incurva, Liewrroot, Fl. Scot., 1777; Osrenrexp, F]. Arct.; Lancer, Consp. FI. Groen].; Kruusz, List E. Greenl.; Stmmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Boor, in Hooxrr, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksertman, Fan. Vestesk. land; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; Mrinsuausen, Cyp. Russl.; Kseriman & Lunpstrim, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Anprrsson & Hessriman, Spetsb. kirly.; Kruusr, Jan May. C. nardina, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p. Fig. Lieutroor, |. c., T. 24; Fl. Dan., T. 432. Widely spread in Ellesmereland but appears sporadically and is very variable in different localities. The rarest is the common european form, with low arched culms such, as it is found in our shores and also in alpine stations. This, however, may be found in sandy as well as in clayey localities. Some of my specimens agree rather well with the var. erecta, Lane, Car. germ. et scand., but in most cases they represent intermediate forms between these. A characteristic form I collected in a pool at an old Eskimo tent- place near Cape Viele; I think it differs sufficiently from other forms to have a right to a name. Var. inflata, n. var.: rhizoma longum inter muscos in aqua. libere natans, culmus erectus, valde inflatus, spica subglobosa. My specimens, collected July 4, 1899, had fruits from the preceding year. Besides the strongly-inflated culm and the dark brown, also very much inflated utricles, it differed from other forms principally in the unusual mode of its growth. C. incurva flowers rather late but sometimes fruits richly. In some places only found sterile. Occurrence. Main form: Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart!). Hayes Sound region at the south side of Fram Harbour (641, 1126), Cocked Hat Island (4250). South coast, more common: Fram Fjord in several places, on the sandy shore and along rivers (1611, 1670); Harbour Fjord, Seagull Rock (near var. erecta, 2578); Goose Fjord, at the Yellow Hill. West coast: Coal Bay in Baumann Fjord. Var. erecta: South coast, Harbour Fjord in wet, grassy ledges at the “green patch” (2237, 4005). 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 147 Var. inflata: Hayes Sound region, old Eskimo encampment at Cape Viele (859). Distribution: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Hudson Bay region, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chukches, mouth of the Yenissei, Baical region, Altai, Himalayas, Caucasus, Northern Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Central European mountains, Great Britain, Faeroes, Iceland, Jan Mayen, Tierra del Fuego. Carex nardina, Fries. C. nardina, Fries, Und. Kobr. nard., et Mantissa 2, 1889; Osrenrenp, FI. Arct.; Dreser, Rev. Car. bor.; Lanexr, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusz, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Anpersson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karlv.; Harrman, Skand. Fl.; C. Hepburnii, Boorr, in Hooxnr, Fl. Bor. Amer. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 23865; Hooxer, 1. c. 2, T. 207. As a synonym of C. nardina Fries records Kobresia nardina, Hornemann, Nom. FI. Dan., which name has_ been put instead of C. Bellardi, Au., as T. 1529 of the Fl. Dan. was previously designed. The plant here figured is, however, C. gynocrates, (Wormsks.) Dreser, as this author (l. c., p. 434—36) and later Lance (Nomencl. Fl. D.) have pointed out. Doubtless Wormsxsotp has confounded at least two dif- ferent species, as certainly the specimens he sent to Fries and that in- duced the latter to identify AnesTrom’s plant from Junkersdalen with the new Greenland-sedge must have belonged to C. nardina, and such also must have been the case with the specimens that Horne- MANN sent to Hooker, which form part of the material for Boort’s C. Hepburnii. There are also specimens collected by WormsxkJoLp in the Copenhagen herbarium representing C. nardina. Dreyer, |. c., has pointed out the error of Fries as to the quotations, and the latter has also in Mantissa 3, corrected his statement and has excluded the quotation of the above-mentioned figure, Fl. Dan., T. 1529, the original of which, a specimen of C. gynocrates, lies in the Copenhagen herbarium. C. nardina is rather a common plant in dry, gravelly slopes and ledges, where it forms large, hard tufts. The leaves and culms are generally taller than in Scandinavian specimens. Flowered late, but developed fruit abundantly. Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land, common according to Hart, especially mentioned as abundant on Norman Lockyer Island. Hayes Sound region, common. Specimens 148 H, G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM from: mouth of Flagler Fjord (491), “Fort Juliane” (676), Cape Ruther- ford (800, 1135), Fram Harbour (1398, 1894), Bedford Pim Island (448). Weyprecht Islands, leg. Stein, according to Tu. Hotm. South coast, common in the archaean territory. Specimens from: Fram Fjord (1606, 1663), Harbour Fjord (2523). Further westward seen at the Muskox Fjord and at several places in the Goose Fjord (8498); lacking as it seemed in the limestone tracts. West coast: Bay Fjord (477, leg. Bay). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Baffin Land, Arctic America, Labrador, Hudson Bay region, Rocky Mountains, Spitsbergen, Northern Finland and Scandinavia, Iceland. Kobresia bipartita, (Au.) D. Torre. Carex bipartita, Attioni, F]. Pedem., 1785; Kobresia bipartita, Datta Torre, Best. Alpenpfl., 1882; Osrenretp, F). Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Brirrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; K. caricina, Wittpenow, Sp. plant.; Laner, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Ksritman, Fan. Vestesk. land; Elyna cari- cina, Mrrrens & Kocn, Deutschl. Fl.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 527; Fl. Dan., T. 2426. The Ellesmereland localities are about 3° north of its limit as formerly known; not previously found in Arctic America. It grew in grassy slopes and rock ledges. Occurrence. South coast, Harbour Fjord: “green patch” at the anchorage (2240, 3994), Lake Valley (2654, 4252), Barren Vallies (2402). Distribution: East Greenland (71°—73° 20’), West Greenland (64°—73°), Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Caucasus, Central European mountains, Scandinavian mountains (not far northwards), Great Britain. Elyna Bellardi, (Aut.) Kocu. Carex Bellardi, Autioni, Fl. Pedem., 1785; Elyna Bellardi, Kocu, Beitr. Fl. Orient., 1848; Ostenretp, Fl. Arct.; Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; E. spicata, Scuraver, Fl. Germ.; Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer.; Lepepour, Fl. Ross.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Kobresia - scirpina, WILLDENow, Sp. plant.; Greety, Rep.; Kseruman, Fan. Vestesk. land. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 24297; Sv. Bot., T. 527. The very great resemblance between this plant and Carex nardina may have caused me to overlook it in the Hayes Sound region during the first year of the expedition. I became aware of its occurrence first on finding it mixed in among specimens of that plant collected at Foulke Fjord, 1899. Later, when looking for it, I found them together in 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 149 many localities in southern Ellesmereland and a specimen from Hayes Sound was also found hiding among C. nardina. It prefers the same localities as C. nardina, dry gravelly slopes, dry rock-ledges and clefts of the rock. Flowered late. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Greety). Hayes Sound: “Fort Juliane” (676); probably spread. South coast: Fram Fjord in several places (1607, 1664); Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Spade Point, Lake Valley (2589), “green patch” (2236, 3995), Barren Vallies, Western sound, Sir Inglis Peak; Goose Fjord, at 4th winter quarters (3790). Distribution: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland, (not hitherto found elsewhere in the Arctic American Archipelago), Arctic America, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, Alaska, St. Lawrence Island, East Siberia, mountains of Central Asia, Caucasus, Northern Europe, Central and Southern European mountains, Iceland. Eriophorum Scheuchzeri, Horrr. E. Scheuchzeri, Horrr, Arten d. Wollgr., 1800; Osvenvexp, Fl. Arct.; Lane, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruvuss, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Gronl.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksevuman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, FI. Ross.; Frmpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hessrtman, Spetsb. kirlv.; E. capitatum, Host, Ic. deser. gram. Austr.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; E. cap. var. Scheuchzeri, Hart, 1. c.; E. vaginatum, Hart, 1. c.; et alii, non LINNAEUS. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 426; Fl. Dan, T. 1502. A confusion between this species and E. vaginatum seems to have arisen rather often, and the latter has thus been reported from many places, where really E. Scheuchzeri alone grows. As far as I can judge, Novaja Semlja and some places on the North coast of Asia, per- haps also inside Bering Straits on the American side, are the only true arctic stations where E. vaginatum is really found. Indeed I have not had any opportunity of revising the specimens from the Kane and Hayes expedition referred by Duranp to E. vaginatum, but as Hart, who has also recorded that species has in fact collected only E. Scheuchzert, as I have seen in the London collections, I do not hesitate to refer the plant from Gale Point (Duranp, Enum. pl. Smith S., p. 95) to the last- mentioned species, as also all which is recorded as E. vaginatum from Greenland (cf. Summons, Dan. Greenl. pl., p. 473). I think the error is in great part due to the indications in literature about the sheaths of the culm, which are said to be inflated in E. va- ginatum but not in £. Scheuchgeri; as a fact also the latter has 150 ~ HG. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM much-inflated, leafless sheaths on the culm. In the living state, both species can immediately be distinguished by their different manner of growth, but herbarium specimens also are easily enough separated. The Ellesmereland specimens always had pure white wool. E. Scheuchzeri: grew in wet clay plains, swamps and small lakes often in rather deep water as well as in pools, where it developed numerous leafy shoots besides the culms from its creeping rhizome. It flowered rather late, hardly before the end of July, but very soon had developed fruit. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour, Shift Rudder Bay (Hart). Hayes Sound region: interior of Beitstad Fjord, Skraling Island (1864), Cape Viele, . “Deserted Village” (Hart), Lastraea Valley, Fram Harbour (1130). Southern East coast: Gale Point (Haves). South coast: Fram Fjord (abundant, 1601), Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Spade Point, Barren Vallies (abundant); Goose Fjord; East of 3rd quarters and in the bottom valley. West coast: Lands End (2849). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America down to Labrador, New Foundland, Manitoba, Oregon, Rocky Mountains, Sitcha, Alaska, Unalaschka, St. Lawrence Island, Siberia, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, North- ern Scandinavia, Central and Southern European mountains, Iceland. Eriophorum polystachium, L. E. polystachinm, Liynarus, Sp. plant., ex p., 1753, Fl. Lapp., Fl. suec., excl. @ et 7; OstenreLp, Fl. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Neuman & AnLFVENGREN, Sv. Fl.; Ascuerson & Grarsyer, Fl. Nordostd. Flachl.; non Torrey, Mon. Cyp.; nec Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; nec Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl; HE. polyst. var. elatior, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; EF. angustifolium, Lancer, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Grénl.; Greety, Rep.; Hooxer, |.c.; Torrey, |. c.; Ksenuman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, F], Ross.; Fripen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karly.; Harrman, Skand. Fl.; A. Buyrr, Norg. FI. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1442; Sv. Bot., T. 490. As the above synonyms show several authors in later times have adopted the Linnaean name £. polystachiwm for the plant, which has usually gone under the name E£. angustifolium, Rotu. This doubtless is a right measure, provided only that it can be proved that LinnaEus has looked upon it as the typical E. polystachium. I have nowhere found a detailed examination of the question, and I have therefore thought it best to undertake it. In Sp. plant.; Ed. 4, p- 52, only £. polystachium is set up without any varieties, viz., no difference is here made between the three species which have afterwards been found to 1898—1902, No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 151 form the original Linnaean one. But Linnarus himself, two years later in Fl. Suec., Ed. 2, p. 17, established two varieties B and y, which have, however, got no names. But here, under the main form, is a quotation from his Fl. Lapp., p. 22, which shows Linnazus to have looked upon the Lapland form as the main species. But that is the plant commonly called E. angustifolium, and consequently according to priority the name E. polystachium of Linnarus must be used for that. From the other quotations I have not been able to draw any inference, as the works in question have either not been at my disposal or have yielded no information. But under @ is quoted: Tournerort, Inst. rei herb., p. 664, “Lin- agrostis panicula minore”, and in the work of TourneFrorT again a reference is found to TaBernaEmontanvs, Ic. plant., p. 230, a figure which doubtless must be referred to E. latifoliwm, Hoppe. By this, I think, it may be inferred that Liynarus has by his # meant the last-mentioned species notwithstanding that he has in the same place another quotation: VaiLLant, Bot. paris., T. 16, fig. 1, which seems to point in another direction. The fig. 1 of Variant, |. c., namely depicts H. angustifolium, the fig. 2 on the contrary, E. latifoliwm, and it can only be thought that Linnarus has by mistake quoted fig. 1 insteed of fig. 2, the more so, as VaILLANT quotes Tournegrort’s “Linagrostis panicula minore” to fig. 2, and “Lin. pan. majore” to fig. 1. But even if it is taken for granted that Linnazus has had in view as a the &. angustifolium of lather authors, and as @ the E. latifolium, we can only say, that the former ought to be called E. polystachium, L., and it seems still doubtful if the original E. angustifolium of Roru, Tent. Fl. Germ., is the same plant. The author gives a description of his species which is on the whole little satisfying, but nevertheless contains something which can hardly have reference to any other plant than that which we usually call EZ. gracile, Kocu, viz.: — “Foliis angusti-_ oribus, latitudine fere culmi, canaliculato triquetris”’. A quotation is also met with here from Scueucuzer, Agrostogr., p. 308, “Linagrostis palustris angustifolia, panicula sparsa, pappo rariore”’, which quotation Linnartus has under his y, and which doubtless is to be referred to “E. gracile”. The name gracile is first used by Kocu in Rotu, Catal. Bot., append., and here a description is given, which leaves no doubt about the plant in view, even though some of the quotations which accompany it can hardly be brought into accord with the description. Especially this is the case with Vamuant, |. c., T. 16, fig. 2, about which Kocu says “bona!” notwithstanding that it represents an un- 152 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM doubted E. latifolium. There is still another name for the same plant, also from 1800, viz., E. triquetrum, Hopes, Arten. d. Wollgr. Besides Horre here has E. angustifolium, which he identifies with the E. polystachium @6 of Linnarus and with the above quotation from Scnrucuzer, Agrostogr., p. 308 (which Linnagus himself referred to his y), and also E. latifoliwm, which he identifies with the a of Lin- NaEUs and with the “Linagrostis panicula ampliore” of Scurucuzer, Agrostogr., p. 306. Even though perhaps Ror and Kocu have had no clear idea about the species, I think it may be inferred from the above examination, that the right names for the three plants must be EL. polystachium, L., E. latifolium, Horrs, and E. angustifolium, Rots, the latter with the synonyms £. gracile, Kocu, and E. triquetrum, Horr. As already mentioned, later european authors have generally iden- tified the main form of the E. polystachium, L., with the plant formerly called E. angustifolium, and they have taken up the Linnaean name for it again, but american florists have since the time of Pursu held another view of the matter. This author has, in his Fl. Am. sept. 1, p. 58, both E. polystachium and E. angustifolium. As his quotation of Engl. Bot., T. 563, shows, he uses the first name partly at least, for E. latifolium, that is to say, he uses the names in the same sense as Rortu, and later authors have followed him, for instance Torrzy and Britton & Brown. The cause for this may be sought partly in an error about that which Linnarus regarded as the main form of his species, but also in a new difficulty which arises therein, that the two species, clearly distinct as they are in Europe in several constant characters, are not so in America. There intermediate forms are found, which have puzzled the florists a good deal. Ros. Brown, Chlor. Melv., p. 26, says that the arctic Eriophorum specimens that he had had for examination were “quasi mediae inter E. angustifolium et E. poly- stachium forsan ab utroque distinctae’. Among them he found forms with glabrous as well as with scabrous peduncles to the spikes. This also is the case with my specimens, even though quite glabrous peduncles are rarely found, and the same variation is met with in the Greenland specimens of the Copenhagen herbarium. The arctic form must, however, because of its terete culms, flat spike-peduncles, long, channeled leaves, large spikes and fusiform achenes, doubtless be refer- able to E. polystachium in the sense in which it is here taken. How the southern american forms ought to be placed is another question (cf. Fernatp, N. Am. Erioph.), 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 153 Ellesmereland specimens generally had more or less dark, even quite black, scales and consequently represent the f. tristis, (Tu. FR.) OsTENF. In swamps the species was never lacking in any place I visited, and also in other more or less wet localities, it was generally found. From the end of June it was generally in flower, and soon the woolly fruiting spikes appeared. Occurrence. North Coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound region, very common, specimens from: Eskimopolis (848), Bedford Pim Island (266, 447, 1252). South coast, also very common, specimens from: Fram Fjord (1621), Harbour Fjord (2538), Wolf Valley in the Goose Fjord (3953). West coast: Reindeer Cove and Lands End. Distribution: all over the Arctic Regions (except Franz Joseph Land and Jan Mayen).and far down in the temperate parts, at least of Europe and Asia (but perhaps not in America). Gramineae. Agropyrum violaceum, (Hornem.) Lance. Triticum violaceum, Hornemann, Fl. Dan., Fasc. 35, 1832; Scueutz, Pl. vase. Jeniss.; Agropyrum violaceum, Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Osrenrerp, Fl. Arct.; Brrr- ton & Brown, Ill. Fl; A. dasystachium var. violaceum, Greety, Rep. Fig. Fl. Dan., T, 2044. As there can hardly be any possibility of a mistake, I must take for good the statement of Greezy, |. c., even without having seen a specimen. No notes about habitat are given, only that the specimens are said to be from 2 to 7 inches high. Occurrence. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour in Lady Franklin Bay (GREELY). Distribution: West Greenland, Canada, mountains of the North Western United States, Rocky Mountains to Colorado, British Columbia (GELERT, in OsTeNFELD, |. c., thinks the varieties purpurascens and nanum of A. repens, which Hooker mentions in Fl. Bor. Amer., 2., p. 954, from Arctic America, collected by Ricuarpson, to be probably refer- able here, but I have seen no T. violacewm from Arctic America in the London collections); mouth of the Yenissei River, Northern Finland and Scandinavia, Iceland, 154 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Festuca ovina, L. F. ovina, Liynarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Hacker, Mon. Fest.; Osrenrenp, Fl. Arct.; Laner, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Narnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Fempen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; F. ovina var. violacea, Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Kyeruman, in Vegaexp.; Leprsour, FJ. Ross.; ANDERSSON & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv.; non F. violacea, Gaupin, Agrostol. Helv. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2462. This species is widely distributed and is rather variable; many spe- cies and varieties have been established within its form-series, some also on arctic specimens. They are, however, very difficult to define, as they are in all probability principally due to local conditions. The most common form in Ellesmereland is: Var. brevifolia, (R. Br.) Harv. F. brevifolia, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Narnorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; F. ovina *brevifolia, Hacker, Mon. Fest.; Dustin, Gefasspfl. Ostgrénl.; Anpersson & Hrsserman, Spetsb. karlv.; F. ovina var. brevifolia, Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; F. ovina *borealis, Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; non F. borealis, Mertens & Kocu, Deutschl. Fl; nec Furiscuer & Linnemann, FI. Ostseeprov.; nec Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2706. The description which Ros. Brown gives of this form runs as follows: — “Festuca brevifolia, racemo subsimplici, erecto, flosculis teretibus supra scabriusculis, arista duplo longioribus, foliis setaceis vaginisque laevibus; culmeo multoties breviore ‘vagina sua laxiuscula”. To this may further be added, that the spikelets are rather large, gener- ally tinged with violet or purple. It is, however, not right to describe the sheaths as closed entirely, or almost in their whole length, as Hac- KEL does (lI. c., p. 84 and 117), as I have found in examining the original specimens from Melville Island in the Nat. Hist. Mus. To this I think the var. violacea of the authors quoted above may be referred. The true F. violacea, Gaup., is distinguished by an open panicle, short awns etc. (Gaupin, Agrostol. Helv., p. 231), and is by Hacker referred to the form-series of &. rubra. From var. alpina, (Suter), found in the Alps and other european mountains, the var. brevifolia, is principally distinguished by its coarse growth, larger and coarser spikelets, and by the very short lamina of the uppermost culm- leaf. However forms are found that come rather near to it (1106, 1150). In richer soil the leaves of the culm as well as of the shoots become longer and broader (1862, 2587, 3999). Rather commonly spread in slopes and grassy fields, rarer in open gravel or clay fields. In flower about the end of June. 1898—1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 155 Occurrence. North coast: Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart), Cape Frazer (Hayes). Hayes Sound region, common, specimens form: Beitstad Fjord (489), Skraling Island (1362), Cape Rutherford (811, 1150), Fram Harbour (1106), Cocked Hat Island (1263), Bedford Pim Island (273, 1186, 1260). South coast; common, specimens from: Fram Fjord (1605, 1669); Harbour Fjord (1862, 2152, 2444, 2587, 3999), Goose Fjord (2877, 3501, 3642). West coast: Nord- strand (2111, leg. Fosneim), between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay. Var. supina, (ScHuR) HacKeEL. F. supina, Scuvur, Enum. pl. Trans., 1866; F. ovina *euovina var. supina, Hacwet, 1. c.; Kruuse, Jan May. My specimens which may be taken to belong to the sub-variety grandiflora of HackeL, are distinguished by their short, generally pros- trate culm, which often does not reach over the leaves of the shoots; by few-spiked panicles, coarse violet or purple spikelets, and by coarser leaves than in the preceding form to which, however, it is allied by intermediate forms. In Ellesmereland it is not proliferous as is often elsewhere the case. I think that its manner of growth, in looser tufts with the radiating, prostrate, short culms, is directly due to the habitat. It grows in gravel- or clay-plains, where it will often be buried at the time when the snow melts. It seems also to be very late in flowering. Occurrence. South coast, in the plains at the interior of the fjords: Fram Fjord (1637), South Cape Fjord (2062), Muskox Fjord (2147); Goose Fjord, valley at the bottom (3263), east of 3rd quarters (8437, 3486), Midday Knoll (4235). Distribution (main species and forms): all over the Arctic Regions (except Franz Joseph Land?), in America at least down to Winipeg, New Jersey, Colorado and California, in Asia down to the Himalayas, over the whole of Europe. The var. brevifolia has principially an arctic distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipel- ago, Arctic America, Spitsbergen, but in America it goes down also _to the Rocky Mountains and the Wahsatch Mountains in Utah. The var. supina is most spread in the alpine region of southern mountains but is also recorded from Greenland, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen. 156 H. G. SIMMONS. [sEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Festuca rubra, L. This species is entered in the list of GreELy, Rep., 2, p. 15, but as the common F. ovina is missing in his list, | am most inclined to refer his statement to F. ovina var. brevifolia, which was already recorded from Discovery Harbour by Hart. Glyceria Vahliana, (Lizsm.) Tu. Fries. Poa Vahliana, Liesmayn, FI. Dan., Fasc. 41, 1845; G. Vahliana, Tu. M. Frits, Till. Spetsb. Fan. Fl., 1869; Getert, in Ostenrep,. Fl. Arct.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusz, List E. Greenl.; Ksetman, in Vegaexp.; ANpERsson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv.; G. Kjellmani, Laner, in Ksrttman & Lunpsrrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; Ksertman, in Vegaexp. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2401, Ksettman & Lunpsrrém, |. c., T. 7. Found very sporadically in wet, clayey localities. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region, sparingly, perhaps overlooked ; Rutherford Vallies (320), Bedford Pim Island on the Rice Strait side (4239). South coast, not quite so rare; Fram Fjord in the Western valley (1604); at the anchorage in the Harbour Fjord (1800), and at the Barren Vallies (2393), valley on the east side of Sir Inglis Peak (2188); Goose Fjord, east of 3rd quarters (4244), Midday Knoll (8502). West coast: Lands End (2849). , Distribution: East Greenland (Scoresby Sound), West Greenland, (Umanak), Arctic America (a specimen from Ross’s voyage 1829—33, probably from Boothia Felix, in the Nat. Hist. Mus., was the only american one I could find), Siberian coast (Dickson Harbour) Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen. In all probability the plant must have been over- looked by the travellers in many other places. Glyceria angustata, (R. Br.) Tu. Fr. Poa angustata, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; G. angu- stata, Tu. M. Fries, Till. Spetsb. Fan. FI., 1869; Geterr, in Osrenrenp, FI. Arct.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl. (?); Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Anpersson & Hessrtman, Spetsb. kirly.: G. maritima var. arenaria, Berun, Karlv. sv. exp. Grénl., non Fries; G. vaginata var. contracta, Lanes, in Ksetiman, Sibir. nordk. fan.; Kseni- man & Lunpstrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; G. Vahliana, Tu. Horm, Nov. Seml. Veg., Atropis angustata, Lepresour, FI, Ross. (?). Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 3006. It is only with great hesitation that I uphold this as a species; there is much that tells in favour of its being reduced to a form of the 1898—1902, No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 157 following species. However in its extreme forms, it its characterized by its narrow leaves, the very contracted panicles and small spikelets. The description of Ros. Brown entirely applies to my specimens and I think that they represent the plant which he has described, notwithstanding there are specimens in the material from Melville Island (in the Nat. Hist. Mus.). that come rather near to G. distans. But others are doubt- less the original plant of the description. Ger.err (I. ¢., p. 126 and 128) in my opinion, has laid too much stress upon the number of panicle- branches from the lower node. Often the peduncles of most spikelets go directly out from the node as it seems, and then the number often reaches five or more. Such, for instance, is the case with an individual belonging to the same specimen as the original of one of the figures in the Fl. Dan., T. 3006 (from Spitsbergen, Kingsbay, 1864, Tu. Fruss). More certain it seems to be, that the number of flowers in the spikelet only reaches four to five; the Fl. Dan. figure, however, also differs in this point. The best distinguishing mark between this and the following seems to lie in the inconspicuous nerves of the lower pale. The ligule is generally somewhat longer and more pointed than in the following species. The leaves are generally narrower and shorter, the sheaths less inflated. Hart, |. c., p. 10, gives a whole collection of different names after G. angustata, and his specimens show a corresponding variety of dif- ferent plants (G. distans var. urctica, Poa glauca, and in the Kew herbarium a single G. angustata). Grows in open clay-plains and seems to be very rare, but may perhaps have been overlooked and confounded with the following species. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Harr !). South coast: Fram Fjord in the Western valley (1633), Goose Fjord, east of 3rd quarters (4247). West coast: Coal Bay in Baumann Fjord (?). Distribution: this is difficult to give, but I may record the localities from whence I have seen specimens, or where GELERT has had an opportunity of verifying the older statements: East Greenland (speci- mens from Kjerulf Fjord, which Kruuss, |. c., p. 202, refers here, most probably represent G. tenella, as I have seen in the Stockholm her- barium), West Greenland (the specimens of Natuorst, N. W. Grénl., p. 27, from Ivsugisok belong to the following), Arctic American Archipel- ago: Baffin Land, Cumberland Sound, (Taytor !), Digges Island, Igloolik 158 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM (Parry !), Melville Island (Parry !); Arctic America (Boothia Felix (?), Ross, voyage 1829—33!); Alaska (?); Pribilof Islands (?); Land of the Chukches; Arctic coast of Asia; Novaja Semlja (!); Spitsbergen (!). Glyceria distans, (L.) Wauntens. Poa distans, Linnarus, Mantissa I, 1767; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; G. distans, Wanutensere, Fl. Upsal., 1820; Gererr, in Ostenrexp, Fl. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Summons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; G. arctica, Hooker, |. c.; Lane, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; G. vaginata, Lanes, Fl. Dan., Fasc. 44, et l.c.; G. angu- stata, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; Atropis distans, Leprnour, FI. Ross.; Puccinellia distans, Brirron & Brown, II. FI. Fig. Hooker, |. c., 2, T. 229; Fl. Dan., T. 2582, 2583. Indeed, the arctic Glyceriae which, following the example of GELERT, I have here referred to G. distans, are rather different from one an- other, the typical form with the long, reflexed panicle-branches is hardly found in any arctic station, and I have seen transitions from it to the arctic forms only from Iceland, but nevertheless [ think they must all be united, as there are no clear distinguishing marks between them. Among my specimens, there are two forms, var. arctica, (Hoox.) GEL., and var. vaginata, (Lance) Get. The third Greenland form, which Lance has identified with Sclerochloa Borreri, Bas., I have not found. G. distans is a rather common grass especially in clay plains, also in rookeries, but generally not where the vegetation is very dense. Flowered late, hardly before the end of July. Occurrence. Var. vaginata: South coast, Goose Fjord, rather common in the clay fields; specimens from Ptarmigan Gorge (3387), east of 3rd quarters (3436, 3478), Yellow Hill (8585), Castle Point (3819). Var. arctica: Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart!). Hayes Sound region: Skraling Island (1378), Fram Harbour (4240), Cocked Hat Island (1890), Brevoort Island (1209), South coast: bottom valley of Fram Fjord (1668), Barren Vallies in Harbour Fjord (2394), east side of Muskox Fjord (2149). G. distans is further noted from several places in the Goose Fjord and from the West coast; along the Hell Gate to Lands End, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay; probably these localities may be referred to var. vaginata. Distribution. The arctic varieties seem to he distributed only in Greenland (both coasts), Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic coast of America, Arctic coast of Asia, Arctic Russia. Allied forms are found in Iceland and the Faeroes. The main form is spread all over Europe, 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 159 down to Northern Africa, in Northern and Central Asia, more rare in America, where it is said to be introduced from Europe (Brirron & Browy, I. ¢., 1, p. 214). Glyceria maritima, (Hups.) Wants. var. reptans, (HartM.) m. Molinia distans var. reptans, Harrman, Excursions fl., 1846; G. distans var. reptans, Hartman, Skand. Fl, Ed. 5; G. reptans, Krox, Finm. Fan.; A. Bryrr, Norg. 1.; Catabrosa vilfoidea, ANpERsson, in Matmeren, Spetsb. Fan. Fl.; G. vilfoidea, u. Fries, Till. Spetsb. Fan. Fl.; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Natuorsr, N. W. Groénl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; G. maritima (vilfoidea), Simmons, Bot. Arb.; G. maritima f. vilfoidea, Ge.ert, in Osrenretp, Fl. Arect.; Kruvsr, List E. Greenl. Fig. Tu. Fries, l. ¢«, T. 4; Fl. Dan., T. 2883. This plant has lately, in the above-quoted paper of Krox, been treated in detail and described, so as only to leave for me to refer to that treatise. But, as the opinion which the author has formed as to the position of the plant is different from mine, I must state my reasons for seeing in G. reptans only the most stunted form of G. maritima which is naturally restricted principally to high-arctic tracts. It is con- nected with the main form by var. arenaria, Fr., which is found in poorer localities further south in the area of the species. ANDERSSON, Skand. Gram., p. 61, says about this form and the main f. palustris, Fr., that in seeing them together in a herbarium, one can hardly realise that they belong to the same species, so great is the difference between them. But when they are observed in their habitat. one will soon find innumerable intermediate forms, that make it impossible to distinguish them from one another. The description of the var. arenaria of Frizs, Mantissa, 2, p. 9, runs as follows: “pumila, culmis basi stolonibusque declinatis saepe radicantibus, -foliis filiformi-convolutis, panicula simplici hinc tota spiciformi-contracta”. And about its manner of growth it is said: “locis arenosis infestatis extimum mappae gramineae contiguae limitem versus oceanum sistens”. ANpERsson, |. c., further completes the description by stating that the spikelets are shorter than in the main form, which, I think, must signify, that the number of flowers is less. But the number of flowers in the spikelets both for Krox and O. Daut (in the above-quoted flora of Biyrt) forms the principal mark of distinction between the two species. However, it seems only natural that the number of flowers in the spikelet is reduced at the same time as the plant becomes smaller in 160 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM other parts. The original material from Spitsbergen, on which AnpeErs- son established his Catabrosa vilfoidea had only two-flowered spikelets — hence the referring to Catabrosa — but in the Copenhagen herbarium I have seen as many as six flowers ina spikelet, indeed in rather large specimens, that it would, perhaps, be better to refer to var. arenaria. Very often the reduction goes still further and no panicles at all are developed; this is rather often to be seeri even in more southern lo- calities, viz., in plants referred to var. arenaria, but in arctic localities it becomes still more common, and generally only single inflorescences are to be found. I cannot see that a plant thus continually connected with another can rightly be looked upon as a separate species. Even if a single panicle is developed, that does not imply that ripe seed will be developed, probably that is rarely the case, and the plant is naturally cast upon vegetative propagation for ils continued existence and spreading. Consequently the creeping radicant stolons are develop- ed to a considerably larger extent than in a form from more favorable localities. Fragments of the stolons .will easily be spread by the ice, which often reaches up to the growing-places of the plant and which can detach parts of it and transport them. For the very few shore plants of the Arctic Regions, this mode of transport may probably play an im- portant part, as they are able to sustain a longer immersion in salt water. My Ellesmereland specimens are all of them typical var. reptans with small leaves and densely radicant stolons, but from Foulke Fjord I have specimens that come nearer to var. arenaria as they are con- siderably larger in growth and have the radicant stolons less developed. But the flowering was very scarce. In Ellesmereland the plant was always sterile. It grew always near the shore-line, sometimes in gravelly places, generally in clay or mud soil, around lagoons, &c. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region: Skraling Island (1386), Twin Glacier Valley, Cape Viele, Cape Rutherford (450, 1155), Cocked Hat Island (1287). South coast: Fram Fjord (1634); Harbour Fjord at the “green patch’; Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord at 3rd quarters, Yellow Hill and 4th quarters; Walrus Fjord. Distribution: East and West Greenland, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Finmark. The main species is spread on the shores of America, Asia and Europe, and also found in salt-localities inland, however I doubt whether some of the localities mentioned for Atropis maritima in LepEsBour, FI. Ross., 4, p. 390, can really be referred to this. ; 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 161 Dupontia Fisheri, R. Br. D. Fisheri, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Ge.ert, in Ostenretp, Fl. Arct.; Simmons, Bot. Arb.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksevuman, in Vegaexp.: Feitven, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hesserman, Spetsb. karlv.; D. psilosantha, Ruerecut, Symb. pl. Ross.; Leprsour, |. ¢.; Lancer, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Colpodium humile, Lancer, in Hoim, Nov. Zeml. Veg. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2521; Ruprecur, |. c., T. 6. As Natuorst (Nya bidr.) and Geter (I. c.) have pointed out, D. psilosantha cannot be separated from D. Fisheri. My specimens agree most with the descriptions of the former. I first found this plant im- mediately before our departure from the Goose Fjord, and was only able to snatch a few straws of it on my way to the boat. It seems probable that it flowers rarely, and has not therefore been observed, either in other localities, or where it was then found, in wet mossy places below the Falcon Cliff, a locality which I had visited previously several times. I am very much inclined to think that I saw it also in the rich vegetation of the large valley on the West side of the Walrus Fjord, which, however, was passed in a forced march only, a fact which is the more regrettable, as there would probably have been much of interest to find. In other arctic tracts, especially in Greenland, the plant is rare and sporadically appearing. Occurrence. South coast: Goose Fjord, below Falcon Chiff (4236). Distribution: Northern Danish West Greenland, Arctic Ame- rican Archipelago (specimens seen from Baffin Land and the original ones from Melville Island), Arctic America, Labrador, Hudson Bay region, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Land of the Chukches, Arctic Siberia, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land. Poa glauca, Vaut. P. glauca, M. Van, in FI. Dan., 1790; Gevert, in Ostenretp, Fl. Arct.; Lane, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvse, List E. Greenl.; Natuorst, N. W. Gronl.; Kset.- Man, in Vegaexp.; Natuorst, Nya bidr.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; P. caesia, Smirn, FI. Britt.; Greecy, Rep.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Lepesour, FI. Ross. ; Harrman, Skand. Fl; A. Bryrr, Norg. FL; P. nemoralis, Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Glyceria angustata, Harr, 1. ¢., ex p. : Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 964; Tab. nostra 9, fig. 5-6. Laneg, l. c., p. 173, has explained why the name of Vaut is to be used for this plant instead of that of Situ, notwithstanding the fact that the former has reference originally to one form only of the many ii 162 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM in which the species occurs. I have had a good deal of trouble in coming to a conclusion as to how my material was to be arranged, and only with hesitation I place here two of the forms mentioned below. It grows most commonly in slopes and rookeries, where it attains its best development, but it is also often found in poorer localities, such as gravel or clay fields, where it becomes more stunted, with smaller and more contracted panicles and smaller spikelets. Some forms may resemble P. alpina rather much, and have probably led to the record- ing of that species by several authors, as I shall discuss below. Besides the common form, I have among my material also a large flourishing form which may be called var. elatior, (ANpDERss.) Lance, and another quite opposite form which was found in clay fields in some places at the Jones Sound coast. I think this is sufficiently character- istic to deserve a description and a name. Var. tenwior, n. var.: dense caespitosa; culmi circa 20 cm. alti, graciles, erecti, infra medium foliosa; folia plana, culmum_ latitudine duplo plusve superantia, ligula elongata, acutiuscula, vulgo integra. Panicula angusta, contracta, vel ramis infimis patulis, solitariis vel duobus; capillaceis vel parum robustioribus. Spiculae 1 — pauciflorae, anguste lanceolatae, violascentes, quam in forma vulgari multo minores. I was, for a time, inclined to identify this form with P. attenuata, Trintus, in Buneg, Verz. Altai Pfl., p. 9, but that plant should have the leaves “perangusta, subconvoluta’”, which does not agree with my plant, which must at present be regarded as a variety of P. glauca. In Fram Fjord, I found in loose sand in the river-valley, a form which agrees with var. arenaria, Hartz, Fan. og Karkr., p. 350, but for the longer and more pointed ligule of the Ellesmereland specimens. I have still another form in my collection, which must for the time be referred to P. glauca, as a member of its large form-series, even if it should perhaps by right have a specific name of its own. It agrees quite with the description of Lance’s var atroviolacea, |. ¢., p. 173, but for its being proliferous, and also in comparing it with the originals of Lance’s plant in the Copenhagen herbarium, I have found it to be like them in every other respect, even in points not mentioned in the description. Lance has only given his plant the rank of variety, notwithstanding which, he says about it and his other variety pallida: — “quae tam habita quam pluribus characteribus a typo ita recedunt, ut facile species distinctas crederem”. The variety atroviolacea is (Lancer, |. c.) described as follows: — “Spithamea, rigida, fol. planis, caulino superiore patulo, basin in- 1893-1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 163 florescentiae subattingente, ligula elongata; panincula virginea dense coarctata, spiculis subbifloris, glumis longe acuminatis, atroviolaceis, paleis basi viridibus albomarginatis, apice purpureo marginatis’’. It must also seem peculiar that the characters are always found together which I deem most important, viz., narrow spikelets with long pointed glumes and a long pointed or erose ligule. The culm is rather short and stout, and the proliferous Ellesmereland specimens have generally only one transformed flower. As no proliferous form of P. glauca is previously described, however common this phenomenon may otherwise be within the genus, I was rather doubtful at first whether the plant could belong to it, and I was for a time very much inclined to refer it to P. stenantha, Trintus, Gram. gen. et spec., the description of which, such as it is rendered by Hooxer, Flor. Bor. Amer., and Geert, |. c. seemed to apply rather well to it. Moreover KsELLMAN, As. Beringss. Fan., p. 558, presumes that the P. stenantha from Senja- vin Bay mentioned by Lepzpour, |. ¢., might in fact be P. glauca. Indeed I think it very probable that the proliferous form of the latter species is found in the Bering Strait region, but the real P. stenantha, which is also very often proliferous, is rather a different plant, as I immediately found when, in London I had access to'the original descrip- tion of Trinrus and saw a great many specimens. The original specimens of Lance’s var. atroviolacea, to which I think it best to refer my plant, are from Umanak in Danish Greenland, collected by Rink, and also specimens brought home by J. Vani from the same tract fully agree with mine, except for the proliferous spikelets of the latter. But even if there are specimens collected in other parts of Greenland, by far the greater part of the specimens that are referred to it in the Copenhagen herbarium do not really belong to it. Even LANGE himself, seems later on to have laid stress only upon the charac- ter expressed in the name “atroviolacea”. The smaller of the two grasses figured in Suppl. Fl. Dan., T. 65 (P. stricta) may probably be referred to the present variety. My specimens of var. atroviolacea {. prolifera as it may be called, are from a rather limited area in the Goose Fjord, where it grew in fields and slopes of stiff clay. Occurrence. F. typica. Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart ’). Hayes Sound region: mouth of Flagler Fjord, Twin Glacier Valley (Hart 867), Cape Rutherford (302), Fram Harbour (1105), Cocked Hat Is- land (1262), Bedford Pim Island (1256). South coast: Fram Fjord (1667); Harbour Fjord, “green patch” (2157), slopes east of the anchorage 164 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP, FRAM (2230), Barren Vallies (2392), Western sound (2447), Seagull Rock (2597), Big Valley, Sir Inglis Peak; Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord, Gull Cove, Falcon Cliff (2883). Var. elatior. South coast: Harbour Fjord, “green patch” at the anchorage (4004), valley on Sir Inglis Peak (2185). Var. tenuior. South coast: Fram Fjord (1628), Goose Fjord at Midday Knoll (8504, 3644). Var. arenaria. South coast: Fram Fjord in the Western valley (4243). Var. atroviolacea {. prolifera. South coast: Goose Fjord, at the Yellow Hill (3587) and Midday Knoll (3500, 3643). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America and down to White Mountains of New Hampshire, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Land of the Chukches, Arctic Siberia, Altai, Arctic Russia, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, moun- tains of Central Europe, Great Britain, Iceland. Poa abbreviata, R. Br. P. abbreviata, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Getert, in Ostenretp, FI. Arect.; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Green]; Greery, Rep.; Simons, Bot. Arb.; Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, PI. Pribilof; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Fermpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hes- SELMAN, Spetsb. kirlv. Fig. Fl. Dan, T. 2884. This high-arctic plant, which in Greenland belongs to the rare ones that are only found in the northern parts, was in Ellesmereland fairly common, and I had an opportunity of collecting a rich material of it. I cannot find the least difficulty in separating it from either P. cenisia or P. glauca, to either of which it is often referred (cf. Ge- LerT, |. c., and Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.). It grew principally in gravelly slopes, in rock fissures or among boulders, rarely in clayey soil or in a denser vegetation. It flowered rather late, rarely before the middle of July, but fruited richly. Occurrence. North coast: Dumbbell Harbour (Femopen !), Floeberg Beach (Fempen!). Grinnell Land, Discovery Harbour (Hart!). Hayes Sound region: “Fort Juliane” (678), Beitstad Fjord, Skraling Island (1880), islet at Cape Viele (1345), Cape Rutherford (814, 1134), Fram Harbour (1104, 1131), Cocked Hat Island (1214), Bedford Pim Island (Cape Sabine (Fempen !), 438 1191, 1253). South coast: Fram Fjord (1610); Harbour Fjord at the Barren Vallies (2400); Muskox Fjord (2118, 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 165 2652); Goose Fjord, very common (2862, 2876, 2999, 3267, 3306, 3390 3903, 3573, 3586, 3640, 3957, 4246). Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic Ameri- can Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land. Poa evagans, n. sp. Laxe caespitosa — stolonifera, 8—12 cm. alta, glabra. Rhizoma tenue, ramis suberectis, vaginis persistentibus vestita. Folia angusta, involuta. Ligula protracta, acuminata, in foliorum culmi brevior, truncata vel paulo lacerata. Folia culmi 2—3, vagina longa inflata, lamina brevi, in superiore brevissima. Culmus strictus, infra medium foliatus. Panicula 2—3 cm. longa, densissime contracta, ovato-cylindracea, ramis brevibus, capillaribus, 1—3 spiculas gerentibus. Spiculae laxae, vulgo 3-florae. Glumae aequilongae ad basin purpurascentes, ceterum mem- branaceo-flavescentes, obsolete carinatae, trinerviae, apicem versus erosae. Paleae obtusae, glumis simillimae; inferior 5-nervia, ad basin pilis paucis, brevibus instructa, superior 3-nervia. Fig. Tab. nostra 8, fig. 2—-7. In habit this grass differs rather much from the common type of a Poa, but there is a certain resemblance to P. abbreviata, and also to P. glauca, var. arenaria, in the company of which it grew. I think it is most nearly. allied to P. abbreviata and the specific name has reference to the difference from that species in the built of the shoot- system. This manner of growth which may be said to hold the middle place between the caespitose and the creeping species of the genus, is doubtless due to the quality of the locality, loose moving sand. Gene- rally a few leafy shoots and one or a couple of culms stood together in a little group, and in digging out the plant, it was found, that the rhizome-branches which were covered by sheaths of old leaves, converged downward to a common point of origin. Sometimes rhizome-branches would creep more horizontally for a while before they began to rise to the surface. The leaves of the sterile shoots have rather narrow sheaths, and are narrow, rather stiff, involute. The sheaths of the culm leaves are longer, very much inflated. Their lamina is very short, especially in the topmost, where it may be represented only by a small point. Leaves and culm are entirely glabrous. The culm is stiff, erect and leafy only as far as the middle. 166 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT, EXP. FRAM The panicle is densely contracted, almost cylindrical, tapering a little towards both ends. The branches from the lower nodes are about three, very short, thin, stiff, and glabrous, each carrying from one to three spikelets. The spikelets are very lax and during the anthesis — I have only seen it in that state — the flowers are spread open. Their number in the spikelet is generally three. The glumes are equally long, the lower one is somewhat broader. and a greater part of it is purple-brown than in the upper one. The greater part of both, however, is membranaceous, of a yellowish, light- brown colour, the nerves reaching to about the middle, 3 in number. In the pales there are three stronger nerves that are visible through the membranaceous part almost to the blunted end, and besides there are two shorter and feebler ones in the lower pale. Only the basal part of the glume and the nerves are purple, the rest is membranaceous. At the base of the lower pale there are a few short hairs. In fruiting state the plant was not seen, but there were many old culms, where the glumes were generally all that was left of the whole spikelet; sometimes also a remnant of a withered flower was to be seen. I am fully aware of the risk in establishing a new species in such a genus as Poa, but my plant certainly cannot be united to any other arctic species of the genus, and I have tried in vain to find specimens of it in the rich London collections, or to seek out a description of a species of Poa to which it could be referred. It may, however, be possible that P. evagans is spread in the Arctic Archipelago, and has been overlooked by the older English expeditions, that have never had any botanist among their members. As already mentioned, this species grew, in the only locality where I found it, in loose moving sand in a river valley near the shore. When found August 26, 1899, it was in full flower. Occurrence. South coast: Western Valley in Fram Fjord (4267). Poa alpina, 1. This species is recorded from north-western Greenland and from Ellesmereland, but I have not found it, and I must admit that I have very little confidence in those statements. The Greenland specimens with one exception, are probably kept in some American collection, and such also is the case with the specimens upon which the statements of GreELy and WerHermL are based (from Discovery Harbour, resp. “north side of Jones Sound” = neighbourhood of Fram Fjord), These 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 167 I have had no opportunity of forming an opinion about, but I do not think they are to be believed in, as the authors by whom these collec- tions are treated have made rather many mistakes in other cases (except WerneriLL), and as there is a considerable probability that forms of P. glauca or P. cenisia which may bear a rather deceptive resemblance to P. alpina, might have been taken for it (cf. P. cenisia). This view receives considerable further support in the fact that no specimens from the localities mentioned for P. alpina by Harr (Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., p. 41) are to be found in the collections at Kew and in the Nat. Hist. Museum. Hart records P. alpina besides from Disco also from Bes- sels Bay in north-western Greenland, from Discovery Harbour and Walrus Island in Grinnell Land, and from Cape Sabine, but as no specimens exist to confirm his statements, I think that the species ought to be excluded from the Ellesmereland flora. Poa Jaxa, Haenxe. This species also is recorded by Greety from Discovery Harbour, and Hart has it as a form of P. flecuosa. I have, however, seen no specimens to bear out the later statement, and I think it most right to exclude this also from the flora, notwithstanding it must be admitted that the plant could perhaps have reached so far north. However, GeELERT in OstenreLp, FI. Arct., p. 124, who gives several localities in the Arctic American Archipelago for it, has excluded Grinnell Land. Poa cenisia, Aut. P. cenisia, Autiont, Auct. Flor. Ped., 1789; Getert, in Ostenrexp, FI. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Greety, Rep.; Brirron & Brown, III. Fl; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Harrman. Skand. Fl.; Kruusz, Jan May.; P. flecuosa, Host, Ic. descr. gram. Austr.; Wastenserc, FI. Carp.; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Gronl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp., ex p.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksetiman, in Vegaexp.; Naruorst, Nya bidr.; P. arctica, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv.; Greety, 1]. c.; Hooxer, J. c.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Lepesour, |. c.; Ksettman & Lunpsrrém, Fan. Nov. Seml.; P. filipes, Laner, l.c.; P. trichopoda, Laner, Fl. Dan., Fasc. 49, et 1. c. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2529, 2885; Hosz, 1. ¢., T. 26; Sv. Bot., T. 704. As for the definition of this species I can only agree with GELERT, lc. It is rather difficult to keep apart from P. pratensis, from which it differs principally in characters of hahit. Proliferous forms can hardly be referred with certainty to either of them. 168 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM P. cenisia is one of the most common grasses in Ellesmereland and is rarely lacking in somewhat moist places, in slopes and rookeries ; and, if only the water supply is sufficient, it is commonly found also in rockledges and in depressions of gravel- or clay-fields. Generally the culms stand more or less isolated and the creeping stolons are well developed, but in a dense vegetation it may go over to a rather caespitose mode of growth, with short stolons only (2653, 4000). I think that such forms have led to the statements about P. alpina mentioned above. I had made the same mistake myself during my stay in the Harbour Fjord, but afterwards it proved that there was no P. alpina in the collection. In Ellesmereland P. cenisia is not often proliferous as it seems; I have only a few specimens which I think ought to be referred here. Such forms doubtless are comprised in P. stricta, LinpeBerc, Resa i Norge; GELERT, |. c., p. 122 refers this as well as P. colpodea, Tu. Fries, Till. Spetsb. Fan. Fl, p. 188, to P. pratensis, as “viviparous” forms of it. I do not indeed doubt that forms of P. pratensis are com- prised under that name; as I have examined the collection of “P. stricta” in the herbarium of the Botanical Museum of Lund, revised by LinpEBERG himself, I think, I can assert that there are also forms of P. cenisia and P. laxa, probably also of P. glauca included. Some bear a rather considerable resemblance to the form wich I have above referred to the latter species as its proliferous state. It is, however, hardly possible to form a precise opinion about the affinity of such forms, as the different parts of the spikelet becomes so entirely altered when it gets proliferous. Occurrence. North coast (Hart). Grinnell Land, common as far as may be judged by the statements of Harr. Hayes Sound region, common; specimens from: Skréiling Island (1379), Cape Viele (864), Eskimopolis (837), Cape Rutherford (803, 449), Fram Harbour (289, 1108), Bedford Pim Island (279, 439, 1124, 1257). In the Sretn collection from Weyprecht Islands (Hot). South coast, common; specimens from: Fram Fjord (1603), Harbour Fjord (2157, 2172, 2249, 2541, 2589, 2653, 4000, 4003), Goose Fjord (8432, 3490, 3497, 3641). West coast: Rein- deer Cove; Braskerud Plain (701, leg. Isacusen). The proliferous form from Seagull Rock in the Harbour Fjord (2579) and Falcon Cliff in the Goose Fjord (2881). Distribution: all over the Arctic ae and also in Labrador, Rocky Mountains, islands of the Bering Sea, Kamshatka, Altai, Hima- layas, Scandinavian and Central European mountains, Iceland. 1898-1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 169 Poa pratensis, t. P. pratensis, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Getert, in Ostenreip, Fl. Arct.; Lanes, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E, Greenl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb. ; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksenuman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Frrpen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Natnorsr, Nya bidr. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 88; Fl. Dan., T. 1444; Tab. nostra 8, fig. 1 (f. prolifera). The few specimens of this species which I have brought home, seem best referable to var. alpigena, N. M. Buiytt, Norg. Fl. They are found in places of old Eskimo habitation, which accords well with what Lance, |. ¢., p. 177, mentions about its appearance in Greenland. At the Jones Sound coast I only found proliferous forms that I could refer to this, that is to say I am not absolutely certain about their place (cf. P. cenisia). Especially is it doubtful whether the proliferous Poa from the Falcon Cliff (4008) which was found in company with P. cenisia ought not rather to be referred to the latter. But the little that could be seen of the structure of the pales, pointed rather to P. pratensis, as the pale was tolerably distinctly veined, with long-haired veins. The proliferous form was found elsewhere in open gravelly or somewhat clayey soil. . Occurrence. Hayes Sound: Skraling Island (1361), Cape Viele (4248). Proliferous forms from the South coast: Fram Fjord at the mouth of the river of the Western valley (1635); Goose Fjord, Falcon Cliff (4008), gravel-ridge east of 3rd quarters (3480). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago (specimens only seen from Beechey Island in North Devon), Western Arctic and Temperate North America (partly introduced ac- cording to Brirron & Browy, |. ¢.), in Asia from the New Siberian Islands and the arctic coast far southwards, all over Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Faeroes, Iceland, Southern South America. Pleuropogon Sabinei, R. Br. P. Sabinei, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Grtert, in Osrenrenp, Fl. Aret.; Natuorst, N. W. Gronl.; Layer, Consp. Fl. Groenl., 2; Kruuss, List E, Greenl.; Simons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Tayzor, Fl. pl. Baffin B.; Hooker, Account Walker; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Ksevtman, in Vegaexp.; Frmpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml. Fig. R. Brown, 1. c., T. D; Norpensxiéip, Vegas fird, 1, p. 318; OstenFexp, 1. ¢., fig. 90; Tab. nostra 10. As I thought it very probable, that this interesting plant, which was previously found both by Naruorsr in north-western Greenland 170 H. G. SIMMONS. |SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM and by others in several places in the Arctic Archipelago, might occur also in Ellesmereland, I kept a constant lookout for it in all ponds and lakelets, that were visited in my excursions. In the Hayes Sound district, however, my search was in vain, but in Fram Fjord it was found, and later on in several places in the south-western corner of the land. It appeared in two forms, one growing in the water of pools and lakelets and having long floating leaves like those of Glyceria fluitans and another which grew in furrows of the soil or other places, where it had doubtless been flooded early in the summer but stood perfectly dry when flowering. This f. terrestris had a culm only 4—6 inches high, and leaves which were only a couple of inches. The panicle also had fewer and smaller spikelets. It could, however, be hardly anything but a form due to less favorable conditions of growth. The figures of the plant that exist in the literature apply most nearly to this form, whereas the f. aquatica with the longer culm, of which only the upper- most part and the panicle rise above the surface of the water, on which the long basal leaves float, has never been figured. Occurrence. South coast: Fram Fjord, both forms rather com- monly spread, the f. aquatica both in lakes and pools in the Western valley (1600) and in the valley at the bottom of the fjord; the f. ¢er- restris also in several places along the west side (1666); Goose Fjord: east of 3rd winter quarters (3434, f. terrestris); in lakelets on the low land belween the Goose Fjord and the bottom of the Walrus Fjord; here also f. terrestris; Walrus Fjord, f. aquatica abundant in the great valley on the west side. : Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland (in a few localities only), Arctic American Archipelago (several localities besides the original one in Melville Island), Arctic America (a specimen from Ross’s voyage, 1829—33, probably from Boothia Felix, in the Nat. Hist. Mus.), Arctic Siberia, Altai, Novaja Semlja, Franz Joseph Land. Catabrosa algida, (Souann.) Fr. Agrostis algida, Soranper, in Pures, Voy. N. Pole, 1774; Wautensers, Fl. Lapp.; Catabrosa algida, Fries, Mantissa 3, 1842; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Nat- Horst, N. W. Groénl.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Ksetuman, in Vegaexp.; Lepesour, FI. Ross.; Anpersson & Hesseiman, Spetsb. karly.; Phippsia algida, R. Brown, Chlor. Mely.; Geterr, in Osrenretp, FI. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Frrprn, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Kruuse, Jan May.; Ph. monandra, Hooker, 1. c. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 1505; Sv. Bot., T. 545; Waunxensere, |. c., T. 1. 1898-1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 171 As this plant, especially through C. concinna, Tu. Fr., stands in near affinity to the species of the genus Catabrosa, there is hardly any cause for taking up the genus Phippsia again. C. algida, as Anpersson & Hessetmay, |. c., also observe, is one of the first grasses to flower — I found it flowering in June — but it may be found still flowering at the end of the summer, as different individuals attain to flowering at very different times. Ripe fruit was seen already in July. It is rather variable as to size, ramosity of the panicle, etc., and was found both in wet places among moss, around pools, and in inundated clay fields, and also in rookeries and other manured places where it becomes especially large and thriving. Hart, 1. c., p. 40, also speaks of it as “srowing in mud by the sea edge on ground which is flooded by spring- tides”, but I have never seen it so near the shore line. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Bay, Radmore Harbour, Norman Lockyer Island (Hart). Hayes Sound region rather common: Beitstad Fjord, Cape Rutherford (307), Fram Harbour (290, 453, 1415), Cocked Hat Island (1264), Bedford Pim Island (274, 1196, 1258). South coast: Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Lake Valley, Spade Point (1798, 2526), Barren Vallies (2389), Western Sound; Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord, very common (3335). West coast: along the Hell Gate to Lands End, Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Ar- chipelago, Arctic America, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, Arctic Siberia and Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland, Jan Mayen. Trisetum spicatum, (L.) Ricur. Aira spicata, Linnasus, Sp. plant. Ed. 1, 1758, n. 7, p. 64, non n, 1, p. 68; Sp. plant., Ed.2; A. subspicata, Livnanus, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10; TRAUTVETTER, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml.; Trisefum subspicatum, Pauisor pe Bravuvois, Nouv. Agrostogr. 1812; Guterr, in Osrenretp, FI. Arct.; Lance, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Green].; Natuorst, N. W. Gronl.; Harz, Bot. Br, Pol. Exp.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. FL; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; Frmpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Awpersson & Hesseuman, Spetsb. karlv.; Harrman, Skand. Fl.; Avena sub- spicata, Crairvitte, Man. Suisse; Leprsour, Fl. Ross.; A. airoides, Kortrr, Deser. gram.; Trisetum airoides, Rommer & Scuutres, Syst. Veg.; Neuman & Autrvencren, Sv. Fl; 7. subspicatum var. molle, Gray, Bot. N. Un. St.; Greery, Rep.; 7. spicatwm, Ricurer, Pl. Europ. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 722; Fl. Dan., T. 228. The confusion concerning the correct name of this plant, is due principally to an error in Linnaeus, Sp. plant., Ed. 1. Here, under the genus Aira, as n.1 is described (p. 63) a species, A. spicata, the 172 G. H. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM home of which is recorded as “India”, but on the next page as n. 7 an A. spicata again appears, which is said to be found in “Lapponia”. In the “Errata” however the name of the first “A. spicata” is corrected to “indicum”, whereas the second “A. spicata” is upheld. But in the next work where he treats these species, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, Vol. 2, p. 873 (1759), both names are altered, the first plant now is called A. indica and the second A. subspicata (it is evident, that no other plant can be meant as the short description from the Sp. plant. is here re- printed: “A. fol. planis, panic. spicata, flosc. medio aristatis; arista reflexa laxiore”). Probably Linnagus has at the time forgotten his own cor- rection or he has then been of the opinion that a name used for two quite different plants (at the same time) must be entirely omitted. But when, 1763, he published the second editon of Sp. plant., he took another view of the matter, as there the two plants are called A. indica and A. spicata in correspondence with the correction to the first edition. As Liynagus has himself corrected the error in the Sp. plant., Ed. 1, his first species name “spicata” must be upheld for our plant and not the second “subspicata’, which he has himself again abandoned. To revive the name Avena airoides of Kor.er (1802) is quite out of the question, as both names of Linnagus are prior to it. To the genus Trisetwm the species was referred by Patisor pg Beauvois, but as he used the species name “subspicatum”, RicHTER is to be quoted in stead of him for the re- ferring of the plant to that genus. In Ellesmereland the species is found pricipally in slopes and rock ledges, especially in rookeries and other places with a richer soil. In the Hayes Sound district I have not found it. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: on Mount Cartmel and Bellot Island in Lady Franklin Bay (Hart), also in GreeLy’s list. South coast: especially in the archaean territory; Fram Fjord in several places (1609, 1665); Harbour Fjord at Seagull Rock (2586), Lake Valley, “green patch” at the anchorage (2154, 4001), Barren Vallies, Western Sound; South Cape; Muskox Fjord; Goose Fjord, rather rare, east of 3rd quarters (3479), Gull Cove (in the rookery). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Ar- chipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Canada, in the higher mountains down to North Carolina, New Mexico and California, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, Arctic Siberia, Kamshatka, Altai, Caucasus, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, mountains of Central Europe, Iceland, Columbia, Peru, Southern South America, Tierra del Fuego, Campbell Islands, Tasmania. 1900— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 173 Aira caespitosa, L. var. arctica, (TRInN.) m. A. arctica, Trintus, Gram. gen. et spec., 1831; Rotarock, FI. Alaska; Deschampsia brevifolia, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Greery, Rep.; Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer.; Seemann, FI. W. Esk. land.; Levesour, Fl. Ross.; Aira brevifolia, Lancer, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Hartz, Fan. og Karkr.; Simmons, Bot. Arb.; A. caespitosa var. brevifolia, Grtert, in Osrenretp, Fl. Arct.; Kseruman, in Vegaexp.; Trautvetrer, Consp. Fl. Nov. Seml.; A. caespitosa var. borealis, Trautvetter, |. c.; ANnpERsson & Hessetman, Spetsb. kirlv.(?); Aira caespi- tosa var., Trintus, Spec. gram.; A. caesp. f. alpina, Kruuse, List E. Greenl. (ex p.?); Deschampsia caespitosa, Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; non Aira brevi- folia, Pursu, Fl. Amer. sept.; nec A, caespitosa * brevifolia, M. v. Birser- stem, Fl. Taur. Cauc.; nec A. caesp. var. brevifolia, Hartman, Skand. FI, Ed. 2; nec Natuorst, N. W. Grénl. Fig. Trinius, Spec. Gram., 3, T. 256; Tab. nostra 9, fig. 7. At the first glance, the plant which Ros. Brown, |. c., p. 833—34, described as Deschampsia brevifolia seems so very unlike Aira caespitosa, that one does not even think that they belong to the same genus. But on closer examination it appears, that only relative charac- ters separate them: the arctic plant is small and short, coarsely built, with short, often somewhat involute leaves and coarse more or less inflated sheaths. The culm leaves, especially the uppermost one, are very short, sometimes reduced nearly to the sheath alone. The panicle is generally densely contracted, almost spike-like. Brown, who had only seen a few specimens collected in Melville Island, could hardly realize that a plant of so different a habit could belong to A. caespitosa, and still it would be tempting enough to uphold it as a species, did not intermedi- ate forms connect it with the type of the species in America as well as in Asia. Hooxer, |. ¢., records a 6 major, which “seems almost to unite D. brevifolia and D. caespitosa”’, and Trinius, who doubtless had had a larger material of intermediate forms at his disposal, does not hesitate to reduce the species of R. Brown to a form of the latter (Spec. gram., 3, T. 256). The same is done by later authors, who have studied those connecting forms (cf. works of TRAUTVETTER, KJELLMAN, and others quoted above). Authentic specimens of the grass, which Trinius, Gram. gen. et spec., p. 56, calls A. arctica, I have not seen, but on the authority of Trinwus himself (figure quoted above) and Lepgsour, 1. c., 4, p. 422, I must assume it to be the same form as Brown described. Then the name of Trintus must be used, as that of Brown must be cancelled on several accounts, viz., Pursu had already, 1814 (I. c.), described an Aira brevifolia from “the plains of Missouri” with the addition “this 174 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM grass is the most common in these plains.’ What he understood by this name I have not been able to find out, as I have seen no spe- cimens and as I have not found it mentioned by later authors, not even as a synonym. The Index Kewensis has it as an upheld species, not as a synonym. Moreover there exists yet another older Aira with the same name, that of MarscHatt v. BiepersTein, quoted above, and that in fact is a variety of A. caespitosa. Hartman, |. c, p. 25, has also reduced it to a variety when he, quite rightly as I think, identified a plant from Jamtland with the sub-species described by BresersTein. This name, consequently as the oldest, must be used for the plant which is found in several places in northern countries (Faeroes, Iceland, Green- land) as well as in higher mountains (Caucasus, Jamtland), and which is distinguished by its short and coarse leaves, but has an open, long- branched panicle. This is widely different from the high-arctic form, which must bear the name given by Trinivs. To the latter, and not to the true var. brevifolia, where GELERT, l. c., p. 118, has it, the synonym var. borealis, TRautv. must be refer- red, as this author, |. ¢., p. 86, quotes Trintus, Spec. Gram., T. 256 B, representing a specimen of var. arctica from Unalaschka, which entirely agrees with the arctic ones. The var. brevifolia of Naruorst, from Ivsugigsok in north-western Greenland will be mentioned under the next species; his plant under the same name from Hare Island in Danish Greenland is a small form of var. brevifolia, M. v. Breperst. But a plant which I think ought to be referred to var. arctica is also found in Greenland, by Hartz at Hold with Hope (I. ¢., p 348) and probably already by the German expedi- tion in 1870. The Grinnell Land plant of Hart is quite the same as mine from the south coast, and consequently I assume that of GrEELy also to be the same. Kysetiman, Sib. Nordk. Fan. Fl. p. 274, mentions A. caespitosa as one of the typical plants of the “rutmark” (polygon-fields); in Ellesmere- land also it was generally found in clay fields. Sometimes it formed large tufts in wet soil or in shallow water, it was rarely found in a denser vegetation. It flowered late, hardly before the beginning of August. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Hart, GREELY). South coast: Fram Fjord, in the Western valley, along the river (1636); Muskox Fjord, inner part (2141); Goose Fjord, rather common in the clay fields; specimens from Goose Valley (8271), Ptarmigan Gorge (3389), east of 3rd quarters (3488, 3485), Midday Knoll (4245), Yellow 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 175 Hill (8577), Falcon Cliff (8789). West coast: Lands End, between Eids- fjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay. Distribution: Northern East Greenland (cf. above), Arctic Ameri- can Archipelago, Arctic America, Sitcha, Unalaschka, Pribilof Islands, Arctic Siberia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen (?). The main species is spread far to the south, and even in Southern South America, Tas- mania, and New Zealand. Aira flexuosa, L. A. flexuosa, Linnaeus, Sp. plant., 1753; Geert, in Osrenretp, FI. Arct.; Lane, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Simmons, Bot. Arb.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Frripen & Gexpart, Fl. Kolguev; A. caespitosa var. brevifolia, Natuorst, N. W. Gronl., ex p.; Deschampsia flexuosa, Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Leprsour, FI. Ross. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 157, 1822. The form in which A. flecuosa appears in its only known locality in Ellesmereland is rather peculiar and different from its southern forms. In its matlike growth, with the numerous rather long leaves, it is reminiscent to a certain degree of A. setacea, Hups., but the leaves are flat and the resemblance is quite limited to the mode of growth. It shows more resemblance to A. flewuosa var. montana f. pallida, Beruy, Karlv. sv. exp. Gronl., p. 77, described from Ivigtut in southern Greenland. Equally with this it has a straight awn which is included within the glumes on account of its shortness. This, however, may be due to the young state in which the specimens had to be collected as we were to leave the place where it grew. During the whole summer I had given my attention to the large mats of the beautifully green grass, which was, however, sterile and could not be determined. When I was obliged to take specimens of it, August 4, 1899, it had just begun to show its panicles. The dense mats, growing among moss at the edge of a pond, consisted of numerous sterile shoots with long, narrow, soft and lax leaves. The culms at the time mentioned, were quite short, even the most developed had not yet brought the base of the panicles above the top of the leaves. The panicle-branches were almost glabrous, 2—3 from each node; the spikelets about a quarter of an inch long, the glumes reaching about two-thirds of the length of the spikelet. Gener- ally one flower only was developed in the spikelet; both pales had awns reaching to their top or thereabout. The awn was straight and not twisted, but probably it might have become more like the typical 176 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP, FRAM one of A. flewwosa, if the specimens had been allowed to develop further. This form perhaps deserved a name, but as my materiel is so small and little-satisfying, I will not establish any new variety on it. By this find, the area of A. flecuosa becomes extended nearly 10° to the north of the highest northern places, whence it is previously re- corded (Kolguev Island, and Godhavn (69° 14’) in Danish Greenland). However it grows also in a locality between the latter and the Ellesmere- land one; Natuorst’s Aira from Ivsugigsok near Cape York (76° 8’) has proved to be the same as mine from Fram Harbour. Probably it is a pioneer of the species which has reached so far north where the plant can hardly develop fruit. The year 1899 was rather favorable, but still the plant had only just begun to show its panicles in the be- ginning of August, and, as there were no old ones from preceding years to be seen in the mats of leaves, I presume that the flowering is rare, and that ripe fruit is very seldom developed. If that is so, it must have little chance of spreading, notwithstanding the abundant develop- ment of the vegetative system. The dense mats which it forms, are such as not to be easily overlooked, but still I may have done so, for instance during the excursions early in the summer, to the interior of Hayes Sound. Occurrence. East coast: at the largest pond on the North side of Fram Harbour (1412). Distribution: Southern East Greenland, West Greenland, La- brador, Canada, New Foundland and down to North Carolina and Tennessee, North-western America, Siberia (not in the arctic parts), Himalayas, Caucasus, all over Europe, Faeroes, Iceland, Southern South America, Falkland Islands. Arctagrostis latifolia, (R. Br.) Grises. Colpodium latifolium, R. Brown, Chlor. Melv., 1823; Lancs, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Naruorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksertman, in Vegaexp.; Feritpen, FI. pl. Nov. Zeml].; Anpersson & Hessriman, Spetsb. kiirlv.; Arctagrostis latifolia, Grisesacu, in Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Geert, in Osrenretp, FI. Arct.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Greety, Rep.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2341; Osrenretp, |. ¢., fig. 82. The Ellesmereland specimens generally are not very large, but in especially favorable years such as 1902, they may reach a height of 15 inches or more, and the panicles become more open. Then the 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 177 plant probably represents the var. arundinacea, such as it is described by Grisepacu, |. ¢., p. 435 (Vilfa arundinacea, Trintus, Gram. unifl.). Besides, I have also found another quite opposite form which is much slenderer in all parts than the main form; however it grows among the latter. The leaves are only half as broad as in the type, the panicle is smaller, narrower, and less dense. Probably it is such a form which Hooker, |, ¢., p. 238, has described as Colp. pauciflorum. This grass grew in more or less wet places, in swamps, along brooks, and in clay fields, rarely abundant. Generally the panicle first protruded late in the summer, only in 1902 I saw it in flower about the beginning of August. . Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, Shift Rudder Bay (Hart, Greety). Hayes Sound region: Twin Glacier Valley (870), Cape Viele (863), Eskimopolis (835), Lastraea Valley (853); Cape Ruther- ford in the plateau and the slopes (1154) as also in the vallies. South coast: Fram Fjord in several places (1624); Harbour Fjord, Big Valley (2335), Lake Valley, Spade Point, Barren Vallies (2387), Western sound, Sir Inglis Peak; Muskox Fjord, abundant in clay fields around the Goose and Walrus Fjords, where it was also spread in the higher tracts and especially flourishing there in 1902; specimens from the low- land east of 3rd quarters (3435). West coast; Coal Bay in Baumann Fjord. Here also the narrow-leaved variety was found (3856), which had previously been seen on the south coast in the Big Valley in Harbour Fjord (4249). Distribution: Northern East and West Greenland, Arctic Ame- rican Archipelago, Arctic America, Hudson Bay region, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Siberia down to Baical and Altai, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Finmark. Alopecurus alpinus, Sm. A. alpinus, Smit, Engl. Bot., 1802; Geterr, in Osrenretp, Fl. Arct.; Laner, Consp. F]. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Nataorst, N. W. Grénl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Simmons, Prel. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brrrron & Browy, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Ksertman, in Vegaexp.; Lepezour, FI. Ross.; Fempen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hesse.man, Spetsb. karlv.; A. ovatus, Hornemann, FI. Dan., Fase. 27. Fig. Engl. Bot., T. 1126; Fl. Dan., T. 1565. The species is the most common grass of Ellesmereland and, in fact, is one of the commonest of all plants in the entire country, where 12 178 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM it is to be found in very different localities. Indeed, it seems to thrive best in swamps, where it is never lacking, and in manured soil such as in old places of habitation and in rookeries, where it may be very flourishing, but it grows also in slopes, rock ledges, clay plains, gravel soil, and even in loose sand. In dry places it becomes small, narrow- leaved, and the spike-like panicle becomes short and almost orbicular. One form, which grew in slopes down to the river of the Western valley in Fram Fjord (1623), was especially peculiar. It flowered sparingly, but instead, it formed quite a sward of creeping shoots with short, narrow leaves. In other localities in the same fjord Alopecurus would reach to a height of at least fifteen inches, but nowhere in Ellesmere- land have I seen it so flourishing as in the rookeries of the little auk at Foulke Fjord. Gregty speaks of specimens 12 and 18 inches high as of frequent occurrence along the shores of Lake Hazen (I. ¢., p. 15). When A. alpinus, as is commonly the case, grows in water, it will often develop long floating leaves like those of Pleuropogon or Gly- ceria fluitans. In flower about the end of June or beginning of July; (GREELY has noted it as being in bloom already June 18, 1883). Occurrence. North coast: Ward Hunt Island (?), Cape Joseph Henry, Floeberg Beach (Hart). Grinnell Land: spread in all localities visited, along the coast and in the interior (Hart, GREELY). Hayes Sound region, common; specimens from: Skraling Island (1375), Cape Rutherford (806), Fram Harbour (292), Cocked Hat Island (1265), Bed- ford Pim Island (272). Southern East coast: Cape Faraday (WETHERILL). South coast: common, specimens from Fram Fjord (1623). West coast: Simmons Peninsula up to Lands End, between Eidsfjord and Baumann Fjord, Coal Bay, Braskerud Plain (699, leg. IsacHsEn), probably every- where. Distribution: East and West Greenland (rare in the south), Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Rocky Mount- ains, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic Siberia, Altai, Ural, Arctic Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Franz Joseph Land, Scotland. 1898-1902. No. 2.] | VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 179 Hierochloa alpina, (Luses..) Roem. & Scuutr. Aira alpina, Livsestap, Svensk FI, 1798; H. alpina, Roemer & Scuuttes, Syst. Veg., 2, 1817; Getert, in Ostenretp, FI. Arct.; Lanez, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Narsorst, N. W. Grénl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Weraeritt, List 1894; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Ksettman, in Vegaexp.; Lrpe- sour, Fl. Ross.; Fermpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hesserman, Spetsb. karlv.; Savastana alpina, Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Rowzez & Wieeanp, List Cornell 1896; Holcus alpinus, Swartz, in Wittpenow, Sp. plant.; Waastensere, Fl. Lapp. Fig. Wantensere, 1. c., T. 2; Sv. Bot. T. 488; Fl. Dan., T. 1508. This is a rare plant in Ellesmereland where I found it only once, in loose gravel in front of a glacier, flowering July 6, 1899. It formed large compact tufts. Occurrence. Hayes Sound: Twin Glacier Valley (869), “Deserted Village” (Hart). South coast: neighbourhood of Fram Fjord (WETHERILL). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Ar- chipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, Mountains of New England, Alaska, Unalaschka, St. Lawrence Island, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Altai, Caucasus, Northern Russia, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, Iceland, Australia, New Zealand. Lycopodiaceae. Lycopodium Selago, L. L. Selago, Linnarvs, Sp. plant., 1753; Geverr, in Osrenrritp, Fl. Arct.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruuss, List E. Greenl.; Harr, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Britron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pri- bilof; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Ferpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & HessEL- MAN, Spetsb. karlv. Fig. Sv. Bot., T. 119; Fl. Dan., T. 104. The Ellesmereland specimens are rather small and have the leaves more or less pressed to the stem, viz., they may be referred to the var. appressa, Drsv., which does, however, go over without any definable limit into the larger common form. It is rather a rare plant, found in wet places with an open vege- tation. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour (Greety has omitted it in his list, but in a table of “mounted specimens” (1. c., 1, p. 803) it is to be found). Hayes Sound region: (mentioned by Hart without locality), Twin Glacier Valley (880), Cape Viele (865), Lastraea Valley (856), Rutherford Vallies (1239), Bedford Pim Island (442). South 180 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP, FRAM coast: only in the archaean territory and very rare there: Fram Fjord, at a lake in the Western Valley (1648); Harbour Fjord, in the Big Valley (2344, leg. Scuez), not seen in the lime- and sandstone region. Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, higher mountains down to North Carolina, Rocky Mountains, Alaska, Pribilof Islands, Northern and Cen- tral Asia and Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Faeroes, Iceland, Azores, South America, Australia. Fiquisetaceae. Equisetum arvense, L. E. arvense, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; Mitpe, Mon. Equis.; Getert, in OsTENrELp, F]. Arct.; Lancer, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooker, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl; Macoun, PI. Pribilof; Kurrz, Fl. Tschuktsch.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Frrtpen, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karly.; EF. arvense f. arctica, Kruusr, Jan May. It is difficult enough to refer my specimens to any of the many forms of the species, that have been named by different authors, but that commingle without any distinction. Generally such small forms with prostrate, assurgent, sterile stems and with fertile stems that bear sterile branches at the base, are referred to var. alpestre, WAHLENBERG (FI. Lapp., p. 296). The description there ‘caulibus sterilibus decum- bentibus”, however, applies to other forms besides that here in question, and the specimens that are distributed in the Herb. Norm., fase. 8, n. 99, under this name are much coarser than mine. It agrees consider- ably better with E. riparium, Fries, Mantissa 3, p- 167—68, and with the specimens distributed in the Herb. Norm., fase. 7, n. 99. Perhaps also its correspondence with var. arcticwm, Rupr. is equally good. The figures of Minne, |. c., T. 1, figg. 11, 12, 18, seem to imply, that the latter form is somewhat coarser and more branched, whereas figg. 9a, 9b, 10, representing var. riparium, (FR.) Mitpg, resemble my speci- mens more nearly. I think, therefore, that the latter name will best apply to them. I have seen the same form, in the Copenhagen her- barium, from East Greenland, Novaja Semlja and Spitsbergen, generally under the name FE. arvense var. alpestre, WaHLENB., some also, when they were somewhat larger, were called var. boreale, (Bone.) Mitpe. Principally sterile stems appeared; at the Rutherford locality also, however, a good number of fertile ones, that had generally begun to 1898—1902. No.2.} VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 181 wither at the time of the collection (July 26, 1899). Probably both kinds of stems appear about the same time, the fertile ones perhaps a little earlier. It grew among moss in svamps or inundated places. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Bellot Island, Discovery Harbour (Hart, GreeLy). Hayes Sound region: (recorded by Hart), Rutherford Vallies (1160). South coast: Harbour Fjord in the Big Valley (2340), interior of the Muskox Fjord (2118, 2138). Distribution (all forms together): East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Rocky Mountains, and down to Virginia and California, Alaska, Unalaschka, Pribilof Islands, Northern and Central Asia, all over Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen, Faeroes, Iceland, North Africa, Cape Colony. Equisetum variegatum, Scu.zicn. E. variegatum, Scuveicuer, Cat. pl. Helv., 1807; Witipenow, Sp. plant.; Mie, Mon. Equis.; Geter, in Osrewrexp, Fl. Arct.; Laner, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Kruvuse, List E. Greenl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greery, Rep.; Hooxer, FI. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; J.cprpour, Fl. Ross.; E. tenellum, Anpersson & Hessetman, Spetsb. karlv. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2490. I am a little doubtful about this plant, as I have seen no Elles- mereland specimens of it. However I may have forgotten, during my stay in London, to look for Hart’s specimens, and as a confusion with the preceding one is hardly to be thought of, I enter it here on the authority of Harr and Greezy. Its occurrence in Greenland (for in- stance in the north-eastern coast) and in the Parry Islands, also tells in favour of the possibility of its existence in Grinnell Land. As to the name, there is a difficulty about that also; a name exists from 1798, E. hiemale A, tenellum, Litsesian, Svensk FIL, p. 384, which Krox in Hartman, Skand. FI., Ed. 12, has adopted for the species. But this name may equally well apply to . sctrpoides, Micuavx, 1803. Indeed, when E. variegatum, and the last-mentioned are considered as belonging to one species, there might be the question of adopting the name of LiusepLap for it, but I think that it is better to use the other names, the meaning of which is not subjected to any doubt. Greety, 1. c. mentions clay and loamy soil as the habitat, and adds “infertile”. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Discovery Harbour, Mount Cartmel (Hart, GREELY). 182 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Distribution: Northern East Greenland, West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, down to New York, New Hamp- shire, Nebraska, Nevada, Pribilof Islands, Land of the Chukches, East Siberia, Altai, Northern and Central Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsber- gen, Iceland. Polypodiaceae. Aspidium fragrans, (L.) Sw. Polypodium fragrans, Linnazus, Sp. plant., 1753; A. fragrans, Swartz, Syn. Fil., 1806; Minox, Fil. Europ.; Gevert, in Osrenrerp, FI. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Kurtz, Fl. Chileat. et FI. Tschuktsch.; Lastraea fragrans, Prest, Pteridogr.; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Simmons, Pre]. Rep. et Bot. Arb.; AmsBronn, Kingua Fjord; Polystichum fragrans, Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; Dryopteris fragrans, Scuotr, Gen. Fil.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl. ; Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 2187. Naturally, this fern is rather small and has short leaves here in the most northernly place where it is found. It grew, however, in great quantities in rock-clefts together with mosses and other plants, and as the weather was fine and sunny when I collected it, the air was strongly perfumed with its agreeable scent of violets. Occurrence. Hayes Sound, outer part, in the Lastraea Valley. Mr. Bay first found it here in a single individual (475) in the autumn of 1898; afterwards I found it there in plenty during the next sum- mer (842). Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America, Labrador and down to the Northern United States, Alaska, Unalaschka, Land of the Chukches, Arctic and Eastern Siberia, Kamshatka, mountains of Central Asia, Caucasus. Cystopteris fragilis, (L.) Brrnu. Polypodium fragile, Linnarus, Sp. plant., 1753; C. fragilis, Bernuarnt, Vers. Anordn. Farrnkr., 1806; Mixpg, Fil. Europ.; Luerssen, Farnpfl.; Gevert, in Ostenrecp, Fl. Arct.; Lanes, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Kruusr, List E. Greenl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Greety, Rep.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Browy, Ill. Fl; Rors- rock, Fl. Alaska; Macoun, Pl. Pribilof; Kurrz, Fl. Tschuktsch.; Leprzour, FI. Ross.; Feitpey, Fl. pl. Nov. Zeml.; Anpersson & Hrssetman, Spetsb. karlv.; Kruvuss, Jan May. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 401; Luerssen, 1. c., fig. 155—159. It might perhaps be possible to distinguish in my material some of the many forms of this species, which Mitpg and Luerssen adopt in 1898— 1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 183 their above-quoted works. They seem, however, to be so little constant and so connected by intermediate forms, that it is of rather little inter- est to distinguish them. It grew principally in clefts of rock and was not rare in the archaean districts. Occurrence. Grinnell Land: Cape Murchison, Discovery Harbour, Bellot Island (Hart, GreeLy). Hayes Sound region: mouth of Flagler Fjord, Lastraea Valley (839), north side of Fram Harbour (1100), also recorded by Hart for Hayes Sound and Cape Sabine (Bedford Pim Is- land), and by Tu. Hotm from the Weyprecht Islands (leg. Stem). South coast: Fram Fjord (1613); Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Seagull Rock (2591), Spade Point, Lake Valley, “green patch” (2553), Western sound (2442), Sir Inglis Peak; on limestone it was found only at Falcon. Cliff (2878) in the Goose Fjord, where it grew abundantly. Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America, and in the mountains down to South America, Unalaschka, Pribilof Islands, Kurile islands, in Asia down to the Hima- layas, Caucasus and Asia Minor, Cyprus, all over Europe, Novaja Semlja, Spitsbergen, Jan Mayen, Iceland, Faeroes, Algiers, Cape Verde Islands, Sandwich Islands, Van Diemens Land, New Zealand, Kerguelen islands. Woodsia ilvensis, (L.) R. Br. var. alpina, (Bott.), Ascuers. & GRAEBN. Acrostichum alpinum, Boxton, Fil. brit., 1785; A. hyperboreum, Lizsesiap, Acrostich.; Woodsia hyperborea, R. Brown, Woodsia ; Lance, Consp. Fl. Groenl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor.Amer.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross.; W. hyp. A arvonica, Mins, Fil. Europ.; Luerssen, Farnpfl.; W. alpina, S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Br. pl.; Brrrron & Brown, Ill. Fl.; W. ilvensis 8 alpina, ASCHER- son & Graepyer, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl.; Gerert, in Ostenrexp, Fl. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl. Fig. Fl. Dan., T. 292. I do not think that this plant can be held apart from W. dlvensis as a separate species, and even to W. glabella its likeness is so great, that I overlooked it in collecting the latter, and found it first among the collected specimens when examining them after our return. It grew in rock-clefts together with Cystopteris. Occurrence. Hayes Sound: first mentioned by Harr from “Ed- wards Grief”; collected by myself at Cape Viele (4264). It may have been overlooked in other places in the same region, but hardly on the south coast. Distribution (var. alpina): East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archipelago, Arctic America, Labrador, down to New York, 184 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Maine, Ontario, Alaska, East Siberia, mountains of Central Asia, Ural, Northern Russia, Scandinavian mountains, Central European mountains, Great Britain, Iceland. The main form has about the same distribution, only a little wider. Woodsia glabella, R. Br. W. glabella, R. Brown. in Ricwarpson, App. Franklin I, 1823; Laner, Consp. FI. Groenl.; Hart, Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.; Hooxer, Fl. Bor. Amer.; Brirron & Brown, Til. Fl; Kurtz, Fl. Tschuktsch.; Lepesour, Fl. Ross; Anpersson & Hesset- man, Spetsb. karlv.; Luerssen, Farnpfl.; W. hyperborea var. glabella, Traur- vetTeR, Syll. Sib. bor. or.; W. ilvensis var. glabella, Geurrt, in OsrenFecp, Fl. Arct.; Kruuse, List E. Greenl. Fig. Hooxer, 1. c, 2, T. 237; Fl. Dan., T. 2921. In my opinion, this plant differs sufficiently from both forms of W. ilvensis to obtain the rank of separate species, and not to be thrown in with it as TrRauTverrerR and Grtert have done. The inter- mediate forms in the Copenhagen collection, of which GeLerT speaks (Il. c., p. 8), may, in my opinion, always without hesitation be placed under one of them. The characters which especially distinguish W. glabella from the last species are: — the stipes is covered with scales only below the node, up to the first pair of leaflets there may be a few hairs, but no scales; the whole rachis and the leaflets are entirely glabrous; the lower leaflets are more rounded than in W. ilvensis, deeply intersected, with cuneate lobes; the veins of the leaflet distinctly visible, divergent, in W. ilvensis so obscure as to be hardly visible even if the leaf is held up to the light. It grew in rockclefts and was doubtless more spread than the preceding one. Occurrence. Hayes Sound region: ‘Edwards Grief” (Hart), Twin Glacier Valley (Hart, 851), Cape Viele (866), Lastraea Valley (1238), low point west of Cape Rutherford (1348). South coast: Harbour Fjord, Big Valley, Seagull Rock, Spade point (2529), Lake Valley and the precipices east of the anchorage (2036, 2235, 2459, 2536, 2543) to the “sreen patch” (1861, 2554), Western Sound, valley on Sir Inglis Peak (2165). Not found outside the archaean territory. Distribution: East and West Greenland, Arctic American Archi- pelago, Arctic America and down to Lake Superior and the North- western United States, Alaska, Land of the Chukches, East Siberia, Kamshatka, mouth of the Lena River, Ural, Arctic Russia, Spitsbergen, Northern Scandinavia, the Alps. 1898— 1902. No. 2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 185 Bibliography. Asromeit, J., Ueber zwei neue Phanerogamenfunde des nérdlichen Westgrén- lands. Allgem. Bot. Zeitschr. 3, Karlsruhe 1897. (Phan. Westgrénl.) Avams, M. F., Descriptiones plantarum minus cognitarum Sibiriae praesertim orientalis, quas in itinere ann. 1805 et 1806 observavit. Mem. de la Soc. imp. d. Naturalistes, T. 5, Moscou 1817. (Descr. plant. min. cogn.) Arron, W., Hortus Kewensis or Catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew. Ed. 2, enlarged by W. T. Arron. London 1812. (Hort. Kew.) Auuiont, C., Flora Pedemontana. Turin, 1785. : (Fl. Pedem.) — Auctarium ad Floram Pedemontanam, etc. Turin 1789. (Auct. Fl. Pedem.) Ampronn, H., Phanerogamen und Gefasskryptogamen von Kingua Fjord. Die internationale Polarforschung 1882—83. Die deutschen Expeditionen und deren Ergebnisse. Berlin 1890. (Kingua Fjord) Anpersson, Gunnar, & Hesserman, H., Bidrag till kannedomen om Spets- bergens och Beeren Eilands karlvaxtflora. Bih. t. K. Sv. Vet. Ak. Handl., 26, Afd. 3, No. 1. Stockholm 1900. (Spetsb. kdrlv.) Awnpersson, N. J., Cyperaceae Scandinaviae. Stockholm 1849, (Cyp. Scand.) — Skandinaviens viixter. 2 Skandinaviens Graminéer. Stockholm 1852. (Skand. Gram.) Ascuerson, P., & Grarsner, P., Flora des nordost-deutschen Flachlandes (ausser Ostpreussen). Berlin 1898—99. (Fl. Nordostd. Flachl.) — Synopsis der Mitteleuropeischen Flora, Bd. 2, Liefg. 8—9, Leipzig 1899. (Syn. Mitteleur. FI.) Bamczy, L. H., Notes on Carex, 11. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club, 1. 1889. al — - — 17 Buil. Torrey Bot. Club, 20. 1893. ; (Not. on Carex) Bartune, F. G., Beitrage zur Flora der Osterreichischen Kistenlinder. Beitr. zur Botanik von Barrie u. Wenvianp II. Gottingen 1825. (Beitr.) Beruin, A., Karlvaxter insamlade under den svenska expeditionen till Grén- land 1883. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Ofvers. 1834. (Kdrlv. sv. exp. Gréni.) Bernuarpvi, J. J., Dritter Versuch einer Anordnung der Farrnkrauter. Neues Journal f. d. Botanik, herausg. v. Scaraper. Erfurt 1806. (Vers. Anord. Farrnkr.) Beuruine, P. J., Luzularum Scandinaviae Conspectus. Bout. Not. 1853. (Luz. Scand. Consp.) Buyrr, A., Norges Flora. Kristiania 1902—0. (Norg. F1.) Buyrr, N. M., Norges Flora. Kristiania 1861. (Norg. FI.) Botton, J., Filices britannicae. Leeds 1785. (Fil. Brit.) Britton, N. L., & Brown, H. A., An IIustrated Flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern Boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102 meridian, 1—38, New York 1896—98. (Tu. FI) Brown, Ros., On Woodsia, a new genus of ferns. Transact. Linn. Soc. London, Vol. 11, 1812. (Woodsia) 186 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Brown, Ros., List of plants, collected on the coasts of Baffin Bay from lat. 70° 30’ to 76° 12’ on the east side and at Possession Bay on the west. side. In Ross, J., A Voyage of Discovery ete. London 1819. (List of pl.) — Chloris Melvilliana. A list of plants collected in Melville Island in the year 1820 by the officers of the voyage of Discovery under the orders of Captain Parry. London 1823. Also as an Appendix in Parry, W. E., Journal of a Voyage for the discovery of a north-west passage, etc. London 1821. (Chior. Melv.) — Miscellaneous Botanical Works, London 1866—7. (Misc. Bot. W.) Bucuenau, F., Monographia Juncacearum. Englers Bot. Jahrb., 12. Leipzig 1890. (Mon. Junc.) Bune, A. v., Verzeichniss der im Jahre 1832 im dstlichen Theile des Altai- gebirges gesammelten Pflanzen Petersburg 1836. Also in Mem. Acad. Imper. d. Sciences de St. Petersbourg, T. 2, 1835. (Vere. Altai Pfi.) Campprra, F., Monographie des Rumex précédée de quelques vues générales sur la famille des Polygonées. Paris 1819. (Mon. Rum.) Cuamisso, A. v.. & Scutecurenpat, D. v., De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis. Linnaea 1, 2, 6. Berlin 1826, 27, 31. (Pl. Romanzoff.) Crarrvite, J. P. pe, Manuel d’herbarisation en Suisse, etc. Wintherthur 1811. (Man. Suisse) Dantstept, H., Studier dfver arktiska Taraxaca. Arkiv f. Bot. 4. Stockholm 1905. (Stud. arkt. Taraw.) Datta Torre, K. W. v., Anleitung zum Beobachten und zum Bestimmen der Alpenpflanzen. Wien 1882. (Best. Alpenpfl.) Davis, K. C., Native and cultivated Ranunculi of North America and segre- gated Genera. Minn. Bot. Stud. 1900. (Ran. N. Amer.) Decanpo.ir, A. P., Regni vegetabilis systema naturale. Paris 1818-91. (Systema) —- Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. Paris 1824—73. (Prodr.) Decanpotie, Atpu., Monographie des Campanulacées. Paris 1830. (Monogr. Camp.) De Rance, C, E., & Fempen, H. W., Appendix 15, Geology. On the geological structure of the coasts of Grinnell Land and Hall Basin. In Nares, Narrative, London 1878. (App. 15, Geology) Desronraines, M., Tableau de lEcole de Botanique du Museum dhistoire naturelle. Paris 1804. (Tableau de V Ecole de Botanique) Dewey, C., Caricography. Amer. Journ. of Se. a. Arts 1826. Appendix ib. 1835. (Caricogr.) Don, D., A monograph of the Genus Saxifraga. Transact. Linn. Soc. V. 13. . London 1821. (Mon. Saxifr.) — An attempt at a new arrangement of the Ericaceae. Edinburgh N. Philos. Journ. Vol. 18. 1834. (Arrang. Eric.) Dreser, S., Flora excursoria hafniensis. Kébenhavn 1838. (Fl. exc. hafn.) — Revisio critica Caricum borealium in terris sub imperio Danico jacentibus inventarum. Kroyers Naturh. Tidsskr., 38, Kébenhavn 1841. (Rev. Car. bor.) Druce, G. Crariper, On the British Species of Sea-thrifts and Sea-lavenders. Journ. Linn. Soc. V. 34, Botany. London 1901. (Brit. Seathrifts) Duranp, E., Enumeration of Plants, ete. In Kane, E. K., Arctic Explorations in the years 1858, 54, 55, Philadelphia 1856, (Enum. pl.) — Plantae Kaneanae Groenlandicae. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Phila- delphia, Vol. 7, Ser. 2, 1856. (Pl. Kan.) Duranp, E., James, Tu. P., & Asumeap, S., Enumeration of the Arctic Plants collected by Dr. J. J. Haves in his Exploration of Smith’s Sound, etc. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia 1863. (Enum. pl. Smith S.) Dustin, P., Zur Kenntniss der Gefadsspflanzen Ostgrénlands. Bih. t. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Bd. 27, Afd. 8. Stockholm 1901. (Gefdsspfl. Ostgrénl.) 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 187 Enrnart F., Beitrage zur Naturkunde, etc. Hannover & Osnabriick 1790. (Beitr. Naturk.) Eneter, A., Monographie der Gattung Saxifraga, mit besonderer Beriick- sichtigung der geographischen Verhiltnisse. Breslau 1872. (Mon. Sasxifr.) Enever, A., & Pranti, K., Die natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Leipzig 1887— 1905. (Pflanzenfam.) Fempen, H. W., The flowering plants of Novaja Zemlja, etc. Repr. from Journ. of Botany 1898. (Fl. Pl. Nov. Zeml.) Fempen, H. W. & Getpart, H. D., A contribution to the flora of Kolguev. ; Transact. Norfolk & Norwich Naturalists Soc. Vol. 6, 1896. (Fl. Kolguev) Fenzi, E., Versuch einer Darstellung der geographischen Verbreitungs- und Vertheilungs-Verhiltnisse der natiirlichen Familie der Alsineen. Wien 1833. (Verbr. d. Alsin.) Fernatp, M. L., North American Species of Eriophorum. Rhodora, Vol. 7, 1905. (N. Am. Erioph.) Fieiscuer, J. G., Flora der deutschen -Ostseeprovinzen Esth-, Liv- und Kurland, herausgegeben von E. Linnemann. Mitau and Leipzig 1839. (Fl. Ostseeprov.) Frora Danica, 1—17. Kobenhavn 1761—1877. (Fl. Dan.) Francuet, A., Monographie du genre Chrysosplenium Tourn. Nouv. Archives du Museum 3e. Serie. Paris 1891. (Mon. Chrysospl.) Fries, E., Novitiarum Florae Suecicae Mantissa I—III. Lund & Upsala 1832—42. (Mantissa) — Underrittelse om Kobresia nardina Horn. Bot. Not. 1839. (Und. Kobr. nard.) — Sileneae Scandinaviae in genera naturalia disposita. Bot. Not. 1842. (Sil. Scand.) — Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae. Upsala 1845, (Sum. Veg. Scand.) Frizs, Tu. M., Iakttagelser rérande nagra arktiska vixter. Bot. Not. 1858. (lakt. arkt. véict.) — Tillagg till Spetsbergens Fanerogam-flora. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Ofvers. 1869. (Till. Spetsb. Fan. F1.) — Om Novaja Semljas vegetation. Bot. Not. 1873. (Nov. Seml. Veg.) Garrtyer, J., De fructibus et seminibus plantarum, etc. Stuttgart 1788. (Fruct. et sem. plant.) Gavoin, J. F. G. P., Agrostologia helvetica. Paris and Genéve 1811. (Agrostol. Helv.) Ge.ert, O., Notes on Arctic Plants. Botan. Tidskr. Vol. 21. Kobenhavn 1898. (Not. Arct. Pl.) Guusert, J. E., Flora lithuanica. Grodno and Wilna 1781—82. (FI. lithuan.) Gotz, J., Description of some new and rare Plants discovered in Canada in the year 1819. Edinburgh New Philos. Journ. Vol. 6, Apr. 1822. (Deser. pl. Canada) Gray, Asa, Manual of the Botany of the northern United States. Ed. 2. New York 1856. (Bot. N. Un. St.) — Enumeration of the plants of Dr. Parry’s Collection in the Rocky Moun- tains (continuation). Amer. Journ. of Science a. Arts, Ser. 2, Vol. 34, New Haven 1862. (Pl. Rocky Méns.) — Synoptical Flora of North America. Vol. 2, P. 1. New York 1878. : (Syn. Fl. N. Am.) Gray, S. F., A-natural Arrangement of British Plants. London 1821. (Nat. Arr. Br. Pl.) Greezy, A. W., Three years of Arctic Service, etc. London 1886. (Three Years) — Report of the proceedings of the United States expedition to Lady Franklin’ Bay, Grinnell Land. Washington 1888. (Rep.) Grevitz, R. K., Description of a new species of Potentilla, from the West 188 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC, ARCT. EXP. FRAM coast of Greenland; with some account of the Arctic Flora. Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. V. 3. Edinburgh 1821. (Descr. Pot.) Gréniunp, Cur, Islands Flora. Kébenhavyn 1881. ; (Isl. FI.) Hacxet, E., Monographia Festucacearum europaearum. Kassel and Berlin 1882. (Mon. Fest.) Hart, H. C., On the Botany of the British Polar Expedition of 1875—76. Reprinted from the Journ. of Bot. London 1880. (Bot. Br. Pol. Exp.) Hartman, C. J., Skandinaviens Flora. Ed. 1—11, Stockholm 1820—79, Ed. 12, by Krox, T. O. B. N., Stockholm 1899 (only begun). (Skand. Fl.) — Svensk och Norsk Excursionsflora. Stockholm 1846. (Excursionsfl.) Hartz, N., Fanerogamer og Karkryptogamer fra Nordost-Gronland c. 75°—70° N. Br. og Angmagsalik c. 65° 40‘ N. Br. Medd. om Gronl. 18, Koben- havn 1895. f (Fan. 0. Karkr.} Haves. J. J.. The open Polar Sea. London 1867. (Op. Pol. Sea) Hitt, J., Hortus Kewensis, sistens, etc. London 1768. (Hort. Kew.) Horeman, G. F., Deutschlands Flora oder botanisches Taschenbuch auf das Jahr 1791. Erlangen 1791. ; — — — fir das Jahr 1800. Erlangen 1800. (Bot. Taschenbd.) Horm, Tu., Novaia-Zemlias’s Vegetation, serligt dens Phanerogamer. Re- printed from Dijmphna-Togtets zoologisk-botaniske Udbytte. Koben- havn 1885. (Nov. Zeml. Veg.) — Contributions to the flora of Greenland. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences Philadelphia 1895. (Contr. Fl. Greenl.) — Catalogue of Plants — — — Baffin Land and West coast of Greenland. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 1900. (Cat. pl. Baffin L.) Hooxrr, J. D., An Account of the plants collected by Dr. Warker in Green- land and Arctic America, etc. Journ. Proceed. Linn. Soc. Botany, Vol. 5. 1862. (Account Walker) — Outlines of the distribution of Arctic Plants. Transact. Linn. Soc., Vol. 23, London 1862. (Outl. of Distrib.) — Appendix 14, Botany. In Narss, G. S., Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875—76. London 1878. (App. Nares) Hooker, W. J., Botanical Appendix. In Appendix to Captain Parry’s Journal of a Second Voyage for the discovery of a north-west passage, etc. London 1825, (Bot. App. Parry ID) — Some account of a collection of Arctic Plants formed by Epwarp Sasine, etc. Transact. Linn. Soc. Vol. 14, London 1825. (Arct. pl. Sabine) — Flora boreali-americana, etc. London 1840. (Fl. Bor. Amer.) — & Arwnort, G. A. W., The Botany of Capt. Brecury’s Voyage, etc. London 1841. (Bot. Beechey) Horre, D. H.. Abhandlung tiber die in Deutschland wild wachsenden Arten des Wollgrases (Eriophorum L.). Horrr’s Bot. Taschenbuch auf das Jahr 1800. Regensburg 1800. (Arten d. Wollgr.) — Caricologia germanica oder Aufziihlung der in Deutschland wildwachsenden Riedgriser. Leipzig 1826. (Caric. germ.) -- & Sturm, J., Caricologia germanica oder Beschreibungen und Ab- bildungen aller in Deutschland wildwachsenden Seggen. (Srurm, Deutschlands Flora, 1. Abth.). Niirnberg 1835. (Car. Deutschl. Fl.) Hornemann, J. W., Dansk oeconomisk Plantelere, 1, Ed. 3. Kobenhavn 1821. II, _ 1837. (Dansk oec. Plantel.) — Nomenclatura Florae Danicae emendata. Keobenhavn 1827. (Nom. Fl. Dan.) Host, N. T., Icones et descriptiones graminum austriacorum. Wien 1801—1809. (Ic. descr. gram. Austr.) Jacgutn, N. J., Miscellanea austriaca ad Botanicam, ete. Wien 1778. (Misc. austr.) Ksetuman, F. R., In Vegaexpeditionens Vetenskapliga lakttagelser. Stock- holm 1882—88, (I have for shortness sake not always repeated the 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 189 titles of the different treatises of the author published in this work). (In Vegaexp.) Ksettman, F. R., Asiatiska Beringssundskustens fanerogamflora. Vegaexp. Vetensk. Iakttagelser 1. Stockholm 1882. (As. Beringss. Fan.) — Om vaxtligheten pi Sibiriens nordkust. Ibid. (Vdat. Sibir. nordk.) — Sibiriska nordkustens fanerogamflora. Ibid. (Sibir. nordk. fan.) — Fanerogamer fran Vesteskiméernas land. Ibid. 2. Stockholm 1883. (Fan. Vestesk. land) — Fanerogamfloran pd S:t Lawrence-én. Ibid. (Fan. St. Lawr.) — Ur polarvaxternas lif. In Norpensxtéip, A. E., Studier och forskningar, foranledda af mina resor i héga norden. Stockholm 1884. (Polarv. lif). — & Louyostrém, A. N., Fanerogamer fran Novaja Semlja, Waigatsch och Chabarova. Vegaexp. Vetensk. Iakttagelser, 1. Stockholm 1882. (Fan. Nov. Semi.) Kocu, G. D. J., Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae, ete. Ed. 1. Frankfurt a/M 1835—37. Ed. 2. Leipzig 1843 —45. (Syn. Fl. Germ.) Kocu, K., Beitraége zu einer Flora des Orientes. Linnaea, V. 21. Halle 1848. (Beitr. Fl. Orient.) Koeter, G. L., Descriptio graminum in Gallia et Germania sponte nascentium, ete. Frankfurt 1802. (Descr. gram.) Krox, T. O. B. N., Tvanne i Finmarken Siena fanerogamer. Bot. Not. - 1899. (Finm. fan.) Kruuse, C., Jan Mayens Karplanter. Botan. Tidsskr. V. 24, 1902. (Jan May.) — List of the phanerogams and vascular cryptogams found on the coast 75°—66° 20’ lat. N. of East Greenland. Medd. om Gréonl. 30, Kében- havn 1905. (List E. Greenl.) Kurz, F., Flora des Chileatgebietes im siidéstlichen Alaska. Englers Jahrbiich. Leipzig 1895. (Fl. Chilcat.) — Flora der Tschuktschenhalbinsel. Ibid. (Fl. Tschuktsch.) Lazstapius, L. L., Botaniska Anmarkningar gjorda i Lappmarken och till- grinsande landsorter. hk. Sy. Vet. Ak. Handl. 1822. Stockholm 1823. (Bot. Anm.) — Om formerna af Luzula campestris och arcuata. Bot. Not. 1858. (Form. Luz.) Lamarck, J. B. M. ve, Flore francaise. Paris 1778. (FIL. franc.) — Encyclopédie méthodique. Paris 1783—1817. (Encycl. méthod.) Lane, O. F., Caricinae Germanicae et Scandinavicae. Linnaea 24, Halle 1851. (Car. germ. et scand.) Lance. J., Conspectus Florae Grvenlandicae. Medd. om Gronl., 3. Kobenhavn 1880. Part 2, ibidem 1887. (Consp. Fl. Groent.) — Nomenclator Florae Danicae. Kobenhavn and Leipzig 1887. (Nomencl. Fl. D.) Lareyrovse, P. P., Figures de la Flore des Pyrenées. I. Paris 1795. (Flor. Pyren.) Laxman, E., Descriptionum Plantarum Sibiricarum Continuatio. N. Comment. Acad. Scient. Imper. Petropol. Petersburg 1774. (Descr. plant. Sibir.) Lepesour, C. F. v., Flora Altaica. Berlin 1829—33, (#1. Alt.) — Icones plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum, Floram rossicam, imprimis altaicum, illustrantes. Riga 1829 —34, ‘(Ic. pl. Fl. Ross.) — Flora Rossica. I—IV. Stuttgart 1842—53, (Fl. Ross.) Leumann, J. G. C.. Monographia generis Potentillarum. Hamburg, London, Paris 1820. (Mon. Potent.) — Monographiae generis Potentillarum supplementum. Fase. J. Hamburg 1835. (Mon. Potent. Suppl. I) — Novarum et minus cognitarum Stirpium Pagillus IX. Hamburg 1856. (Nov. Stirp. Pug.) 190 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Lenmann, J. G. C., Revisio Potentillarum iconibus illustrata. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. Nat. curios. Vol. 23. supplem. Bonn 1856. (Revis. Potent.) Lessine, C. F., Synopsis generum Compositarnm. Berlin 1832. (Syn. gen. Comp.) Liepmann, F. M., & Lane, J., Icones plantarum sponte nascentium in regnis Sueciae et Norvegiae. Supplementum operis Flora Danicae nomine in- scripti. Kebenhavn 1853—74., (Suppl. Fl. Dan.) Licurroot, J., Flora Scotica. London 1777. (Fl. Scot.) Litsesiap, S., Acrostichum hyperboreum, en tillférene okiand svensk vixt. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. V. 14, Stockholm 1793. (Acrostich.) — Utkast till en Svensk Flora. Upsala 1798, (Svensk Fl.) — Draba nivalis, nova Sueciae planta et observationes nonnullae ad species Drabae generis pertinentes. N. Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsaliensis, V. 6, 1799. (N. Sv. planta) Linpstom, A. E., Strédda botaniska anteckningar, till upplysande af Norges Flora. Physiograph. Sallsk. Tidskr. 1. Lund 1837—38, (Bot. Ant.) — Bidrag till ka’nnedomen af de skandinaviska arterna af sligtet Draba. Stockholm 1840. (Kann. Skand. Drabae) Linprpere, C. J.. Resa i Norge 1854. Bot. Not. 1855. (Resa i Norge) Liynarus, C., Species plantarum. Ed. I. Stockholm 1753. Ed. Il. - 1763. Ed. 4 (Wittpenow) Berlin 1797— 1812. (Sp. plant.) — Flora suecica. Ed. II. Stockholm 1755. (Fl. Suec.) — Systema Naturae. Ed. 10, Vol. 2, Stockholm 1759. (Syst. Nat.) — Mantissa plantarum I, Stockholm 1767. Il, - 1771. (Mantissa.) — Flora lapponica. Ed. Il (J. E. Surra). London 1792. (Fl. Lapp.) Lurrssen, C., Die Farnpflanzen. Rasennorsts Kryptogamenflora. Ed. 2. Leipzig 1889. (Farnpfl.) Lunp, N., Forelobig Beretning om en botanisk Reise i Ostfinmarken i Som- meren 1842. Bot. Not. 1846. (Beretn. Ostfinm.) Lunvstrim, A. N., Kritische Bemerkungen tiber die Weiden Novaja Semljas und ihren genetischen Zusammenhang. Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Scient. Upsal. Vol. extra ord. ed. Upsala 1877. (Weid. Nov. Semi.) Macoun, J. M., A list of the plants of the Pribilof Islands. Washington 1899. (Pl. Pribilof) Matmeren, A. J., Ofversigt af Spetsbergens Fanerogam-Flora. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Ofvers. 1862. . (Spetsb. Fan. FI.) — Om E. Durann’s s. k. ,,Grinnell-lands flora“. Bot. Not. 1865. (Grinnell. Fl.) Marscuatt v. Breserstern., F., Flora Tauro-caucasica. Charkow 1808—1819. (Fl. Taur.-cauc.) Martins, Cx, Observations sur les glaciers du Spitzberg, ete. Biblioteque universelle de Genéve N. S. T. 28. 1840. (Obs. Spitzberg) Maximowicz, C. J., Diagnoses plantarum novarum asiaticarum II, IV. Bull. de VAcad. imp. des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. Vol. 24, 27, 1878, 1881. (Diagn. plant. As.) Mecuan, W. E., A contribution to the flora of Greenland. Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences. Philadelphia 1893. (Contr. Green.) Meinsuausen, K. F., Die Cyperaceen der Flora Russlands. Petersburg 1901. (Cyp. Russl.) Mertens, F. C., & Kocu, W. D. J., J. C. Routines Deutschlands Flora. Nach einem verdnderten und erweiterten Plane bearbeit. Frankfurt a/M 1823 —39, (Deutschl. Fl.) Micueuius, P. A., Nova plantarum genera. Florence 1729. (N. plant. gen.) Mupr, J.. Monographia Equisetorum. Dresden 1865. (Mon. Equis.) 1898— 1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 191 Mitpe. J., Filices Europae et Atlantidis, Asiae minoris et Sibiriae. Leipzig 1867. (Fil. Europ.) Mitter, Pu., The Gardener’s Dictionary, ete. London 1768. (Gard. Dict.) Murseck, S.. Neue oder wenig bekannte Hybriden in dem botanischen Garten Bergiilund. Acta Horti Bergiani, V. 2. Stockholm 1894. (Hybr.) — Studier éfver kritiska karlvixtformer, 3. De nordeuropeiska formerna af slagtet Cerastium. Bot. Not. 1898. (Nordeurop. Cerast.) — Die nordeuropeischen Formen der Gattung Stellaria. Bot. Not. 1899. (Gatt. Stellaria) Murray, J. A., Caroli a Linné Systema Vegetabilium. Ed. 14. Géttingen 1784. (Syst. Veg.) Nares, G. S., Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875—6. London 1878. (Narrative) Narnorst, A. G., Om vegetationen pd Spetsbergens vestkust. Bot. Not. 1871. (Veg. Spetsb. vestk.) — Nya bidrag till kinnedomen om Spetsbergens karlvixter och dess véixt- geografiska férhdllanden. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Vol. 20. Stock- holm 1883. (Nya bidr.) — Botaniska anteckningar frén nordvestra Grénland. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Ofvers, 1884, (MN. W. Grénl.) Neuman, L. M., & Autrveneren, F., Sveriges Flora. Lund 1901. (Sv. FI.) Norpensxiéitp, A. E., Vegas fiird kring Asien och Europa. Stockholm 1881. (Vegas fard) Norpstept, O., Om nagra af svenska florans novitier 1880. Bot. Not. 1880. (Sv. fl. nov.) Norratt, T., Descriptions of New Species and Genera of Plants in the natural order. of the Compositae, ete. Transact. Amer. Philos. Soc., N. S. Vol. 7. Philadelphia 1841. (Spec. Gen. Compos.) Nyman, C. F., Conspectus Florae Europaeae. Orebro 1878—82. Supplementum 1. — 1883-84. = 2, — 1889-90. (Consp. Fl. Eur.) Ouin, J. H., Dissertatio de Arnica. Upsala 1799. (Diss. Arn.) Otiver, D., List of flowering plants from Ellesmereland and Grinnell Land. In Appendix 14, Botany, in Nares, G. 8., Narrative of a voyage to the Polar Sea during 1875—76. London 1878. (List fl. pl.) Ossorn, Suerarp, Stray Leaves of an Arctic Journal. London 1852. (Stray leaves) Ostenretp, C. H., Phanerogamae and Pteridophyta. In Botany of the Faeroes, based upon Danish investigations. Vol. 1. Kébenhavn 1901. (Phan. Faer.) — Flora Arctica, etc. Kjobenhavn 1902. (Fl. Arct.) — A List of flowering plants from Cape York and Melville Bay (N. W. Greenland). Medd. om Grénl. Vol. 338. Kébenhavn 1905. ; (Flow pl. Cape York) Pauisor pe Brauvors, A. M. F. J., Essai d’une nouvelle Agrostographie. Paris 1812. (Nouv. Agrostogr.) Patras, P. S., Flora rossica. Frankfurt & Leipzig 1790. (Fl. Ross.) Prest, C. B., Tentamen Pteridographiae. Prag 1836. (Pteridogr.) Porsu, F. T., Flora Americae Septentrionalis, or the plants of North America, . etc. London 1814—16. (Fl. Am. sept.) Rapwws, J., Dissertatio de Pyrola et Chimophila. Leipzig 1821. (Diss. Pyrola) Rees, A., The Cyclopaedia or universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature. Ranunculus by J. E. Smirx in Vol. 29, London 1819. - (Cyclop.) Rerzvs, A. J., Florae Scandinaviae Prodromus, etc. Stockholm 1799. : (Fl. Scand. Prodr.) Ricnarpson, J., Botanical Appendix. In Frankxuin, J., Narrative of a Journey to the shores of the Polar Sea, etc. Ed. 1, London 1823. Ed. 2, London 1824. (App. Franklin) 192 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Ricuter, K., Plantae Europeae. 1. Leipzig 1890. ' (Pl. Europ.) Roemer, J. J. & Scuurtes, J. H., Caroli a Linnt Systema Vegetabilium cum Mantissa 1—3. Stuttgart 1817—30. - (Syst. Veg.) Roursacn, P., Synopsis der Lychnidéen. Linnaea, Vol. (2) 36, Berlin 1869—70. (Syn. Lychn.) Rosenviner, L. Kotperup, Andet Tilleg til Gronlands Fanerogamer og Kar- sporeplanter. Medd. om Grenland, V. 3. Kobenhavn 1892. . (2 Till.) — Nye Bidrag til Vest-Gronlands Flora. Medd. om Gronland V. 15. Kobenhavn 1898. \ (Nye Bidr.) Ross, J., A voyage of discovery in H. M. ships Isabella and Alexander for the purpose of exploring Baffin’s Bay, ete. London 1819. (Voyage I) Rotu, A. W., Tentamen Florae Germanicae. Leipzig 1789. (Tent. Fl. Germ.) — Catalecta Botanica, IJ. Leipzig 1800. (Catal. Bot.) Rorurocg, J. T., Flora of Alaska. Rep. Smithson. Inst. f. 1867. Washington 1867. (Fl. Alaska) Rorrséit, C. F., Afhandling om en Deel — — — rare Planter, som i Island og Gronland ere fundne, ete. Skr. Kobenh. Selsk. Lerd. og Vidensk. V. 10. Kobenhavn 1770. (Pl. Isl. Gronl.) Row.er, W. W., & Wrieeann, K. M., A list of plants collected by the Cornell party on the Peary voyage of 1896. Botan. Gazette 1897. (List Cornell 1896) Ruprecut, F. J., Symbolae ad historiam et geographiam plantarum rossicarum. Petersburg 1846. (Symb. pl. Ross.) Rypsere, P. A., A Monograph on the North American Potentillae. Lancaster, Pa., 1898. (Mon. Amer. Potent.) -—— Further Studies on the Potentillae. Contrib. from the New York Botan. Garden, No. 18. New York 1901. (Furth. Stud. Potent.) Sauispury, R. A., The Paradisus Londonensis, etc. London 1806. (Parad. Lond.) Scuei, P., Preliminary Report on the geological observations made during the second Norwegian Polar Expedition of the “Fram”. Geogr. Journ. 1903. (Prel. Rep. Geol.) Scueucuzer, J., Agrostographia. Ziirich 1719. (Agrostogr.) Scueurz, N. J., Plantae vasculares Jeniseenses inter Krasnojarsk urbem et ostium Jenisei fluminis hactenus lectae. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. 92, 1888. (Pl. Vase. Jeniss.) Scuxunr, C., Beschreibung und Abbildung der theils bekannten, theils noch nicht beschriebenen Arten von Riedgrisern. Wittenberg 1801. (Riedgras.) -- Botanisches Handbuch, 4. Leipzig 1808. (Bot. Handb.) Scutecutenpat, D.F. L. v., Uebersicht der in Willdenows Pflanzensammlung auf- bewahrten Potentillen. Ges. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin Mag. f. d. neu. Entdeck. in d. ges. Naturk. V. 7. Berlin 1816. (Uebers. Willd. Potent.) — Animadversiones botanicae in Ranunculeas Candollei, II. Berlin 1820. (Ran. Cand.) Scuieicuer, C. J., Catalogus plantarum in Helvetia sponte nascentium. Ed. 3. Bex 1807. (Cat. pl. Helv.) Scuorr, H. W., Genera Filicum. Wien 1834. (Gen. Fil.) Scuraver, H. A., Flora germanica. Géttingen 1806. (Fl. Germ.) Scuur, J. F., Enumeratio plantarum Transsilvaniae. Wien 1866. ; (Enum. pl. Trans.) Scorespy, W., Journal of a voyage to the Northern Whalefishery, etc. Edin- burgh 1823, (N. Whalefishery) Seemann, B., Flora of the Western Eskimaux-land. Botany of the voyage of H. M. 8S. Herald. London 1852. (Fl. W. Esk. land) Siptuore, J., Flora oxoniensis. Oxford 1794. (Fl. Oxon.) Smmons, H. G., Preliminary Report on the Botanical work of the second 1898—1902. No.2.) VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND, 193 Norwegian polar expedition 1898—1902. Nyt Mag. f. Naturv., 41. Kri- stiania 1903, (Prel. Rep.) Simmons, H. G., Ubersicht tiber die botanischen Arbeiten der Expedition und deren Resultat. In Sverprup, O., Neues Land. Leipzig 1903. (Bot. Arb.) — Zusammenfassung der meteorologischen Beobachtungen. Ibid. (Zusam. Meteor.) — Notes on some rare or dubious Danish Greenland plants. Medd. om Gronl, Vol. 26, Kohenhayn 1904. (Dan. Greenl. pl.) Smita, J. E., English Botany. London 1790—1814, (Engl. Bot.) — Flora britannica. London 1800—1804. (#1. brit.) — ef. Linnazus, Flora Lapponica, and Ress, Cyclopaedia. Soranper, D. C., Appendix, plantae, in Pareps, C. J., A voyage towards the North Pole. London 1774. (Voy. N. Pole) SprenceEt, C., Caroli Linnaei Systema vegetabilium, Ed. 16. Gottingen 1825—928, (Syst. veg.) Srernsere, C. v., Revisio Saxifragarum iconibus illustrata. Regensburg 1810. Supplementum I — 1822. - II Prag 1831. (Revis. Saxifr.) Steven, C., Monographia Pedicularis. Mém. de la Soc. imp. des natur., Vol. 6, Moskow 1828. (Monogr. Ped.) Suter, J. R., Flora helvetica. Ziirich 1802. (Fl. Helv.) Svensk Boranizx, 1-11. Stockholm 1802—1838. (Sv. Bot.) Sverprup, O., Neues Land. Leipzig 1903. (Neues Land) Swartz, O., Synopsis Filicum. Kiel 1806. (Syn. Fil.) — Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae. Stockholm 1814 (anonymous). (Sum. veg. Scand.) Sweer, R., Hortus britannicus or Catalogue of plants, ete. Ed. 2. London 1830. (Hort. brit.) TapernaEmontanus, J. T., Icones plantarum ete. Frankfurt a/M 1590. (Ic. plant.) Taytor, J., Notice of flowering plants and ferns collected on both sides of Davis Straits ond Baffin’s Bay. Transact. Botan. Soc. Vol. 7, Edin- burgh 1863. (Fl. pl. Baffin B.) Torrey, J., Monograph of North American Cyperaceae. Ann. of the Lyceum of Nat. Hist. 3. New York 1836. (Am. Cyp.) — & Gray, A., Flora of North America. New York 1838—40. (Fl. N. Amer.) Tournerort, J. P. pz, Institutiones rei herbariae. Paris 1700. (Inst. rei herb.) Travtvetrer, E. R. v., Conspectus Florae insularum Novaja Semlja. Acta Horti petropol., V. 1. Petersburg 1871—72. (Consp. Fl. Nov. Sem.) — Flora riparia Kolymensis. Ibidem, V. 5. Petersburg 1877. (1. rip. Kolym.) — Plantae Sibiriae borealis ab A. Czexanowsxy et F. Muerier annis 1874 et 1875 lectae. Ibidem Petersburg 1877. (Pl. Sib. bor.) — Syllabus plantarum Siberiae boreali-orientalis. Ibid, V. 10. Peters- burg 1888. (Syll. Sib. bor. or.) Trintus, C. B., De graminibus unifloris et sesquifloris. Petersburg 1824. (Gram. unifl.) — Graminum genera quaedam speciesque complures definitionibus novis, etc. Mem. de l’Acad. imp. de Sciences de St. Petersbourg. S. 6. T. 1. 1831. (Gram. gen. et spec.) — Graminum in hisce actis a se editorum generibus et speciebus supple- menta, Ibid. T. 4, P. 2. 1838. (Gram. suppl.) — Species graminum iconibus et descriptionibus, etc. Petersburg 1828—36. (Spec. gram.) Vani, M., Stellaria groenlandica og Dryas integrifolia beskrevne. Skr. Natur- hist. Selsk. 4. Kobenhavn 1798. (Stell. groenl. et Dr. integr.) Vamant, S., Botanicon parisiense. Leiden & Amsterdam 1727. (Bot. paris.) 18 194 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Waucsere, P. F., Flora Gothoburgensis. Diss. Upsala 1820. (Fl. Gothob.) Wautenserc, G., Inledning till Caricographien, 4. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. 24, 1803. (Inl. Caricogr.) — Flora Lapponica. Berlin 1812. (Fl. Lapp.) — Flora Carpatorum principalium, etc. Géttingen 1814. (Fl. Carp.) — Flora upsaliensis. Upsala 1820. (Fl. Upsat.) — Flora Suecica. Upsala 1824-96. (Fl. Suec.) Watirorn, F., Beitriige zur Botanik I. Leipzig 1842. (Bettrdge) Warmine, E., Om nogle arktiske Veexters Biologi. Bih. T. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Vol. 12. Stockholm 1886. (Arkt. Veeaxt. Biol.) Watson, 5., Contributions to American Botany. Proceed. of the Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences. Vol. 23, 25. Boston 1888, 1890. (Contr. Amer. Bot.) Werueritt, H. E., List of plants obtained on the Peary Auxiliary Expedition of 1894. Bull. Geogr. Club Philadelphia, V. 1. Philadelphia (1893—) 1895. (List 1894) Witipenow, C. L., Caroli a Linné Species plantarum. Ed. 4. Berlin 1797 — 1812. (Sp. plant.) — Enumeratio plantarum horti regii botanici berolinensis. Berlin 1809. (Enum. pl. horti Berol.) Wirtasex, J., Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gattung Campanula. Abhandl. d. kk. Zool.-botan. Gesellsch, in Wien, Bd. 1, 1902. (Beitr. Kenntn. Camp.) Wutrr, Tu., Botanische Beobachtungen aus Spitzbergen. Lund 1902. (Bot. Beob. Spitzb.) Wotren, F. X., Plantae rariores Carinthiacae. In Jaguin, N. J., Miscellanea austriaca ad botanicam, ete. Wien 1778. (Pl. rar. Carinth.) 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. 195 Fig. 1. | Dre H Explanation of the plates. Plate 1. Taraxacum hyparcticum, Dantsr., habit, specimen from Fram Harbour, July 20, 1899 (1086); '/,. Taraxacum pumilum, Dantst., habit, specimen from Ptarmigan Gorge, Goose Fjord, Aug. 18, 1901 (3894); 1/,. Draba subcapitata, Simm., habit, flowering state, specimen from Gull Cove, Goose Fjord, July 17, 1901 (2896); '/;. = — habit, fruiting state, Yellow Hill, Goose Fjord, Aug. 23, 1901 (8591); */,. = — leaf. 2/,. — — sepal, */,. = — petal, */;,. — — cluster of fruits, ?/,. Plate 2%. Pedicularis lanata, Cuam. & Scatecnt, habit, specimen from the valley on Sir Inglis Peak, Harbour Fjord, July 21, 1900 (2186); '/,. _ — capsule, specimen from Fram Fjord, Aug. 26, 1899 (1649); 1/,. — — corolla, ?/,. Pedicularis arctica, R. Br., habit, specimen from Lastraea Valley, July 8, 1899 (858); 1/,. - — capsule, specimen from the same locality; '/,. _ — corolla, ?/,. Pedicularis hirsuta, L., habit, fruiting state, specimen from Fram Fjord, Aug. 26, 1899 (1651); '/;. - — corolla, ?/,. Plate 3. Pedieularis hirsuta, L., habit, specimen from Fram Harbour, July 20, 1899 (1107); '/,. Ranunculus Sabinei, R. Br, habit, younger specimen from Ptarmigan Gorge, Goose Fjord, Aug. 8, 1901 (8334); 1/,. -_ — habit, somewhat older specimen from Gallows Point, Goose Fjord, July 31, 1901 (3787); '/,. — — habit, fruiting specimen from the ridge east of 3rd quarters, Goose Fjord, Aug. 19, 1901 (4280); '/,. _ — flower, 2/,. - — sepal, ?/,. - — petal, ?/,. = — achene, °/;. Plate 4 Potentilla Vahliana, Lenm., habit, specimen from Gallows Point, Goose Fjord, July 31, 1901 (3000); */,. 196 H. G. SIMMONS. [SEC. ARCT. EXP. FRAM Fig. 2. Ranunculus affinis, R. Br., habit; '/,. —- 2 — — basal leaves, !/,. - & - — flower, all specimens from Seagull Rock, Harbour Fjord, Aug. 8, 1900 (2595); 1/,. — 5B - — achene, 5/,. Plate 5. Fig. 1. Potentilla rubricaulis, Leum., habit, specimen from Seagull Rock, Harbour Fjord, Aug. 8, 1900 (2650); 1/,. -—- %2 -— — 8-digitate leaf from above and from below, specimens from Fram Harbour, July 20, 1899 (1880); 1/,. —- 2 — — pinnate leaf, specimen from the same locality; '/,. Plate 6. Fig. 1. Draba alpina, L., var. gracilescens, Simm., flowering state, specimens from Falcon Cliff, Goose Fjord, July 20, 1901 (2888); */,. - %2— — with young fruit, specimen from the same collection; !/;. - 2&2 - — with ripe fruit, specimen from the same place, Aug. 5, 1902 (4007); */,. — 4. Alsine Rossii, R. Br., habit, specimen from the Barren Vallies, Harbour Fjord, July 28, 1900 (2390); */,. - &B = — flower, from above; 2/,. - &—- — side view, 2/,. Plate 7. Fig. 1. Sasxifraga * exaratoides, Simm., habit. —- % — — habit. —- 2 - — inflorescence, all specimens from Falcon Cliff, Goose Fjord, July 20, 1901 (2870); 1/,. —- 4 — — flower, from above; ?/;. — 5 — — side view, 2 sepals and 2 petals removed; 2/,. — 6. Salix arctica, Par, leaf of f. typica from below, specimen from Cocked Hat Island, July 30, 1899 (4284); '',. - 2. — — var. Brownii, Anprrss., leaf from above, specimen from Falcon Cliff, Goose Fjord, July 20, 1901 (2891); 1/,. —- & — - — leaf from below, specimen from’ Fram Harbour, Aug. 4, 1899 (1419); #/,. - 9% - _— — 2 leaves from above, specimens from Cocked Hat Island, July 20, 1899 (1216); 1/,. — 10. — — — leaf from above, specimen from Bedford Pim Island, July 31, 1899 (1810); */,. ~ il. -— - — leaf in young state, from above, specimen from the Eskimo tentplace at Cape Viele, July 4, 1899 (885); !/,. — 12 — — var. groenlandica, Anperss., leaf from above, specimen from Fram Harbour, June 24, 1899; 1/,. - 13. — — young plant, specimen from Lastraea Valley, July 8, 1899 (797) ; */,. Plate 8, Fig. 1. Poa pratensis, L., f. prolifera, habit, specimen from the gravel ridge east of 8rd quarters, Goose Fjord, Aug. 19, 1901 (3480); oe — 2 Poa evagans, Simm., habit, specimen from the Western valley in Fram Fjord, Aug. 26, 1899 (4249); 4/,. — 38 — — spikelet, 3/,. 1898—1902. No.2.] VASCULAR PLANTS OF ELLESMERELAND. ie Fig. a a a Fig. 1. — 2 sa ote | gt go be Poa evagans, Sim., lower pale; *4/;. _ — upper pale, */,. _ — lower glume, */,. - — upper glume, 4/;. Plate 9 Carex membranopacta, Bat., habit, specimen from swamps east of the anchorage in Harbour Fjord, July 28, 1900 (2329); '/,. — — scale from the staminate spikelet, ?/,. _ — scale from a pistillate spikelet, °/,. _— — utricle, ?/;. Poa glauca, Vant, f. prolifera, habit, specimen from Midday Knoll, Goose Fjord, Aug. 26, 1901 (8643); 1/,. - — var. tenuior, Simm., habit, specimen from the Western valley in Fram Fjord, Aug. 26, 1899 (1628); 1/5». Aira caespitosa, L. var. arctica, (Trin.) Simm., habit, specimen from Yellow Hill, Goose Fjord, Aug. 22, 1901 (38577); */o. Plate 10. Pleuropogon Sabinei, R. Br. f. aquatica, habit, specimen from a lakelet in the Western valley in Fram Fjord, Aug. 26, 1899 (1600); */,. - — f. terrestris, habit, specimen from Fram Fjord, Aug. 26, 1899 (1666); */>. All figures are from specimens collected in Ellesmereland, the figures of habit photographed from dried specimens and of natural size but for the plates 4, 9, and 10, representing plants, that must be reduced on account of the size of the plates. The magnified detail-figures are drawn by Miss L, Brrexuint. i line 14, fig. 1, line 29, read “the knowledge” for ERRATA. “Pflanzenfam.” - “Statice and” m “hairforms” _ “Papaveraceae” _,, “Ranunculaceae” ,, “base” ‘s “a knowledge”. “Planzenfam”. “Statice end”, “hairsforms”. “Papaveracea”’. “Ranunculacea”. “bases”. Printed 14. may 1906. Rep. of the Seecnd Icrurse. Arct. Exped. in the Fram 1898-1902. N:o 2. Plate 1. Auto. o. tr. Justus Cederquist, Sthlm. 1. Taraxacum hyparcticum., 2. T. pumilum. 3-7. Draba subcapitata. Rep. of the Seaond Neorweg,. Arst. Exped. in the Fram 1898—1902. Iso 2. Piate b to Auto. o. tr, Justus Cederquist Sthim. {-3. Pedicularis Janata, 4-6. P. arctica. 7-8. P. hirsuta. Rep. of the Se2end Nerwee. Arot. Exped. in the Fram 1898—1902. N:o 2. Plate 3. 1. Pedicularis hirsuta. our av 1 Auto o. tr, Justus Cederquist Sthlm. 2-8. Ranunculus Sabinei. the Seacnd Nerwree, Arot. Exped. in the Fram 1898—1902. Ike 2. Plate 4, Auto o. tr Justus Cederquist Sthim. J]. Potentilla Vahliana. 2-5. Ranunculus affinis. Rep. cf the Sseend Nerwee. Arct. Exped. in the Fram 1898-1902, N:o 2. Plate 5. Auto, o. tr. Justus Cederquist Sthim. Potentilla rubricaulis. Rep. cf the Second Nerwee, Arct. Exped. in the Fram 1898—1902. I:- 2. Plate 6, Auto o. tr. Justus Cederquist Sthim. 1-3. Draba alpina var. gracilescens. 4-6. Alsine Rossii. Rep. of the Second Nerweg. Arct. Exped. in the Fram 1898-1902. iio 2 Plats 7 Auto o. tr. Justus Cederquist Sthim. 1-5. Saxifraga * exaratoides. 6-13. Salix arctica. Rep. of the Sseond Herweeg. Arot. Exped. in the Fram 1898-1902. I: 2. Plate 8. 1. Poa pratensis f. prolifera. Ruto. o. tr. Justus Cederquist Sthim. 2-7. P. evagans. Rep. of the Second Norwreg. Aret. Exped. in the Fram 1892—1902. N:o 2. P'ate 9. Auto. o. tr. Justus Cederquist, Sthlm. 1-4, Carex membranopacta. 5. Poa glauca f. prolifera. 6. P. glauca var. tenuior. 7. Aira caespitosa var. arctica. Rep. 2? the fo~ EN “7 econd iirwee. Arot. Exped. in ths Fram 1892 -1902. I: Auto. o. tr, Justus Cederquist Sthim. Pleuropogon Sabinei. epee Plate REPORT OF THE SECOND NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE “FRAM” 1898—1902. No. 3. EMBR. STRAND: COLEOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA, LEPIDOPTERA UND ARANEAE AT THE EXPENCE OF THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN FUND FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY VIDENSKABS-SELSKABET I KRISTIANIA (THE SOCIETY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES OF KRISTIANIA) KRISTIANIA PRINTED BY A. W. BROGGER 1905 » Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera und Araneae bearbeitet von Embr. Strand. Dace Kenntniss der Insectenfauna Grénlands ist, Dank den vielen wissenschaftlichen Expeditionen, die dorthin unternommen worden sind, schon als ziemlich gut anzusehen; Grénland gehért in entomolo- gischer Beziehung unter den am besten durchforschten Polarlindern. Klein wie die Anzahl der dort aufgefundenen Insectenarten ist, ist die Litteratur dariiber dennoch ziemlich reich und, wie es mit der entomo- logischen Litteratur leider zu viel der Fall ist, sehr zerstreut. Ein Ver- zeichniss dariiber zusammenzustellen ist deshalb zwar eine miihevolle, aber dankenswerthe Arbeit, wodurch kinftiges Studium der Fauna Grin- lands erleichtert werden wird. Ein solches Litteratur-Verzeichniss bis zum Jahre 1887 verdanken wir Prof. AuRIvILLIUS in seiner schénen Arbeit ,Grénlands Insektfauna I“; die seit dieser Zeit erschienenen Mit- theilungen uber grénlandische Insecten finden sich, soweit sie die von mir bearbeiteten Gruppen behandeln und mir bekannt sind, in der unten gegebenen Liste aufgefiihrt. Die iltere einschlagige Litteratur wolle man also in AuriviLiius suchen. Wenn auch das Material der Expedition grésstentheils von Elles- mere Land herrihrt, hat die Litteratur uber die grénlaindische Fauna jedoch besonderen Werth auch fiir das Studium der Fauna von Elles- mere Land. — Weitere einschlagige Litteratur wird unten in Fussnoten erwahnt. 1890. Aurivitzius: Grénlands Insektfauna I. Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera. [,,Bibang till K. svenska Vet.-Akad. Handlingar“ 15, Afd. IV, No. 1.] 1892, Skinner in ,Entomological News“, Ill. (Ueber Dasychira groenlandica Wcx. und Colias hecla pallida n. var.) 1 4 EMBR. STRAND. [SEc. ARC. EXP. FRAM 1892. Skinner and Mencet: Greenland Lepidoptera. [,,Proc. of the Acad. of Nat. Se. of Philadelphia“, 1892]. 1892. Fox: Report on the Hymenoptera collected in West Greenland [ibid.]. 1893. Lunpseck: Entomologiske undersogelser i Vest-Gronland 1889 og 1890. [,,Med- delelser om Gronland‘, h. 7.] 1894. Fernatp in ,ntomological News“ V. (Beschreibung von Olethreutes Men- gelana Fern.) 1896. Lunpseck in ,,Meddelelser om Gronland“, h. 19. (Ueber Lathridius minutus L., Cryptophagus validus Kr. u. C. acutangulus Gy.) 1896. Lunpseck: Coleoptera Groenlandica. [,,Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den naturh. forening i Kjobenhavn“.] 1896. Lunpseck: Hymenoptera Groenlandica. [ibid.] 1896. Bane-Haas: Lepidoptera Groenlandica. [ibid.] 1897. Vanuiérren in ,Grénland-Expedition der Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde in Berlin 1891—93", II. (Uebersicht der ganzen Insecten-Fauna, biologische Be- obachtungen ete.) : 1898. Frrnatp in ,The Pterophoridae of North America“. (Beschreibung von Steno- ptilia Mengeli Fern.) 1899. Dyar in ,Psyche“* VHI. (Ueber die Raupe von Dasychira groenlandica Wer.) 1900, Avrivinuius: Lepidoptera och Coleoptera insamlade under prof. A. G. Nat- horst’s arktiska expeditioner 1898 och 1899, under den svenska expe- dionen till Beeren Eiland 1899 och under konservator G. Kolthoff’s ex- pedition till Gronland 1900. [,,0fv. af Kgl. Vet.-Akad. Férhandl.“ 1900. No. 10.] 1901. Sraupinerr und Reser in ,Catalog der Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes“. (Ueber das Vorkommen in Gronland von u. a. Agrotis dissona Méscut. (mit Ausschluss von A. islandica Srer.) (Pag. 149); Anarta Zetterstedti Srer. (Pag. 219); Tephrocl. hyperboreata Srer. u. gelidata Miscur. (Pag. 317); Olethreutes boreana Rau. n. nom. statt septentrionana Moscur. (Il. P. 107).) 1901. Pacensrecuer in ,Fauna arctica“, Bd. 2, Lief. 2. (Uebersicht der Lepidopteren- Fauna Grénlands.) 1901. Sautpere: Aleocharider insamlade i polarregionerna af svenska expeditionerna 1883 och 1899. [,,Entomologisk tidsskrift, 1901.] (1894. Torr: Melanism in Greenland [,.Entom. Record“, V, No. 6] ist mir unbekannt.] Ich beschréinke mich im folgenden darauf die von der Expedition mitgebrachten Arten zu besprechen ohne eine Uebersicht tiber sammtliche aus Grénland und Ellesmere Land bekannte Arten der betr. Ordnun- gen zu geben; solche Verzeichnisse wird man in der oben angefiihrten Litteratur (bei AuRivitiius, Lunppeck, Bane-Haas und Vannorren) finden. Nur bei besonders bemerkenswerthen Fiinden werden die zuvor be- kannt gegebenen Fundorte erwihnt, bezw. die allgemeine geographische Verbreitung der Art besprochen. 1898— 1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 95 Coleoptera. 1. Colymbetes dolabratus Px. Eine dieser Art gewiss angehérende Larve wurde bei Godhavn (Grénland) in einem Siisswasserteich gefunden. 2. Micralymma brevilingue Scuiopte. Ein Exemplar dieser bisher nur in Gronland gefundenen, aber dort gemeinen, Art wurde bei Cocked Hat (Cape Sabine, Kane Basin) °°/7 99 von Simmons gefunden ?. 3. Lathridius minutus L. Ein einziges Stiick bei Alexandrafjord (Hayes Sound) */s 99 von Simmons gesammelt. In Grénland wurde diese Art bisher nur bei Egedesminde und zwar ein Unicum gesammelt; wahrscheinlich bezieht aber die Silpha pedicu- laria von Orro Fasricius sich auf diese Art, und sie wire demnach auch bei Fredrikshaab, obendrein ,non infrequens‘ (FaBr.), gefunden worden. 4. Cryptophagus populi Px. Unicum bei Foulke Fjord (Nord-Grénland)(?) "%/s 99 von Simmons gesammelt. Die Art wiire neu fiir die Fauna Grénlands, aber die Lo- kalititsangabe scheint unsicher zu sein, indem sie auf der Etiquette mit Fragezeichen versehen ist, weshalb das Specimen vielleicht anderswo herrithrt. Da die Art in Europa weit verbreitet ist, ware es nicht be- sonders bemerkenswerth, wenn sie dann und wann nach Grénland verschleppt wiirde, wie es mit vielen anderen, in Gronland urspriinglich ~ nicht einheimischen, Arten (z. B. Dermestes lardarius L., Attagenus pellio L., Ptinus fur L., Tetropium luridum L., Callidium violacewm L.) der Fal] ist. Von dieser Gattung wurden nach Lunpsecx (,,Meddelelser om Grén- land“, 19 (1896)) bisher Cr. validus Kr. und Cr. acutangulus GYLL. in Grénland beobachtet; er vermuthet aber, dass sie eingeschleppt worden sind und nimmt sie in ,,Coleoptera Groenlandica* nicht auf. Nach 1 Wo nichts anders gesagt ist, wurden die Specimina von Herrn E. Bay gesammelt. 6 EMBR. STRAND. [SEG. ARC. EXP. FRAM M’Lacutan? brachte Fempen ein Stiick von Cr. acutangulus GyLL. von Floeberg Beach (Grant Land 82° 27’) mit, aber dies Exemplar war gewiss dorthin mit dem Schiffe verschleppt worden. Hymenoptera. Apid2e. 1. Bombus hyperboreus Scuénu. Von dieser in den Polarlindern weit verbreiteten, circumpolaren, Art wurden 3 22 gesammelt und zwar bei Galgeodden (Gaasefjord, Jones Sound, Ellesmere Land) 22/7 1901, ,den gronne plet“ (Havnefjord, Jones Sound) 1%/6 1900 und Rice Strait (Smith Sound) °6/6 1899. Nach Lunpseck kommt die Art lings der ganzen Westkiiste Grén- lands vor und ist auch an vielen Orten langs der Ostktiste gefunden worden. 2. Bombus balteatus Dau.s. (= nivalis Dau.s.). Diese Art wurde viel haufiger gefunden, indem im ganzen 18 Exem- plare mitgebracht wurden, davon waren 6 2°, 5 77 und 7 Ce. Die Fundorte sind die folgenden: Cap Rutherford (Hayes Sound, Ellesmere Land) 27/6 99 (41 72 Ce ); Fort Juliane (ibid.) “7 99 (1 2) und %/7 99(?) (1 @ 1 2): Godhavn 80/7 98 (¢°); Havnen, Rice Strait (Ellesmere Ld.) 2%/6 99 (1 $), %/7 99 (1 ¥) und 1/8 99 (1 >”); Havnen, Havnefjord (Jones Sd.) 2/e 1900 (1 9) (Sim- mons), 7/7 1900 (1 2), 4/7 1900 (1 2), und “/s 1900 (2 6707); Gaasefjord (Jones Sd., Ellesmere Ld.) 3/7 1902 (2 29) und 9/7 1902 (4 ¢) (Baumann). Diese Hummel wurde am weitesten gegen Norden beobachtet, indem sie nach M’Lacuian von Feiipen bei 81° 45’ angetroffen wurde. Ichneumonidae. 3. Jchneumon erythromelas M’Lacuu. Ein Unicum dieser Art wurde bei Rice Strait, Ellesmere Ld., 1/6 99 gefunden. Sie war bisher nur vom Grant Land (82° 33’) bekannt. 1 M’Lacutan: Report on the Insecta collected by Frmpen and Harr...... during the recent Arctic Expedition. [,Journal of the Linn. Soc., Zool. XIV.] 1898— 1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 7 Das Exemplar weicht von der Beschreibung M’Lacuian’s in zwei Puncten ab. Es ist 8 statt 6 mm. lang; ausserdem sind es die Femora, die ,shining black, excepting the extreme tips“ sind, wihrend die Tibia externally with a black line“ versehen sind. — Sollte vielleicht der Autor der Art durch ein Schreibfehler die Worter ,,Tibiae“ und ,,Femora“ verwechselt haben, so dass er ,,Tibiae* geschrieben hat, wo er ,Femora“ meinte und umgekehrt? — Falls die von M’Lacutan beschriebene Form wirklich (ad. p.) rothgefiirbte Femora hat, kann mein Exemplar als eine besondere Varietait angesehen werden, wofiir ich den Namen v. tibialis vorschlagen michte. Als einer von erythromelas, dessen Beschreibung sonst véllig stimmt, verschiedenen Art angehérend, kann meine Form nicht angesehen werden; wissen wir ja, dass die Ichneumonen in Betreff der Farbe der Beine sehr variirend sind und dem Unterschied in der Grosse kann eine wesentliche Bedeutung auch nicht zugeschrieben wer- den. Von den aus Grénland zuvor bekannten Arten kommt die in Frage stehende Art I. bucculentus Wesm. am niachsten, ist jedoch davon zweifellos verschieden. 4. Limneria extrema Hotmer. Von dieser bisher nur aus ,,Nordgrénland“ (Hotmcren') angegebenen Art, wurde ein Stiick bei Godhavn *%/7 1898 gesammelt. Tenthredinidae. 5. Nematus borealis Marat. Von dieser bisher nur von der Disco-Insel bekannten und von Mar- Latr in Fox 1. c. (1892) beschriebenen Art wurde ein © bei Gaasefjord (Ellesmere Ld.) 2% 1902 gesammelt. Von N. obductus Hart., der in Gronland vorkommt, und womit Lunppeck die Art Martatr’s als synonym anzusehen geneigt ware, zweifellos verschieden. Ebensowenig fallt sie mit Tenthredo borealis Zerr. (= Nematus quercus Hart.) zusammen. 6. Nematus stordalensis STRAND n. sp. Zwei Exemplare dieser N. borealis nahestehenden, aber sicher davon verschiedenen Art, wurden gesammelt: ,,Den gronne plet* (Havnen, Havnefjorden) 18/6 1900 (2) und Stordalen (Havnefjord) 2%/6 1900 (c’). 1 Houtmeren: Insekter fran Nordgrénland, samlade af Prof, A. E. Nordenskiéld ar 1870. [,,Ofvers. af Kgl. Vet.-Akad, Férhandl.“ 29 (1872).] 8 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC, EXP. FRAM Von Nematus borealis Maru. unterscheidet sich die neue Art be- sonders dadurch, dass die Seiten von Mesothorax nicht glatt und glan- zend, sondern fein granulirt, matt, sind. Ausserdem ist das Feld der Ocellen weniger erhdht und nicht so scharf abgesetzt wie bei borealis; die Ocellen glinzen rothbraun, warend diejenigen von borealis schwarz, glanzlos, sind. Kérperbau im ganzen mehr robust als bei borealis. Das Weibchen ist ausserdem ein wenig anders gefarbt: Tegulae und Pronotum sind gelb, Scutellum und Tempora réthlich; Femora oben mit einer gelben Linie, die Trochanteres réthlich. 7. Nematus marginifer StRaND n. sp. Ein eimziges Mannchen dieser ebenfalls Nematus borealis nahe- stehenden Art wurde bei Beistadfjorden 9/6 1899 von Srmmons gesammelt. Von Nematus borealis unterscheidet diese neue Art ebenso wie die vorhergehende sich auf den ersten Blick durch fein granulirte, matte Seiten von Mesothorax. Auch die Oberseite ist matter, weniger glan- zend, als bei sowohl WN. borealis als N. stordalensis; mit der letzten Art hat VV. marginifer die rothbraun glinzenden Ocellen und mehr ro- busten Kérperbau gemein. Die gelbgefiirbten Glieder der Extremitaten sind bei N. marginifer heller als bei den beiden anderen Arten. Von N. stordalensis unterscheidet sie sich am meisten dadurch, dass die Augen von einer scharfen erhabenen Kante umgeben und dadurch von Tempora getrennt sind; durch dieses Merkmal kann sie auch von Ne- matus borealis sofort unterschieden werden. Der Name der Art ist, wie es sich daher versteht, von den marginaten Tempora geliehen. Lepidoptera. 1. Colias hecla Ler. Nur zwei Stick wurden gesammelt: ein & bei Fort Juliane &/7 1899 und ein 2 bei Godhavn 2/7 1898. Wie es bei mehreren Colias-Arten beobachtet wurde, kommt auch bei dieser Art nicht eben selten eine hellere Farbenanderung vor, die schon mehrfach mit eigenen Namen belegt wurde. Sie wurde zuerst von M'Lacuran (L. ¢.) als var. glacialis beschrieben; seine Exemplare ribrten von Grinnell und Grant Land her, und er sah in denselben eine nur in den héchsten Breitengraden vorkommende Lokalvarietat, Dieselbe Form 1898 — 1902. No.3] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 9 wurde spiater von Skinner (I. c.) als var. pallida beschrieben, trotzdem dass sie, wie er gleichseitig darauf aufmerksam machte, zuvor den Namen glacialis erhalten hatte. Wahrend alle 4 Exemplare, die M’Lacuian zur Untersuchung vorlagen, der bleichen Form angehdérten, fanden sich unter den vielen Stiickeh, die Skinner zur Verfiigung standen, nur ein einziges, das auffallend hellgefarbt war. Da auch diese Exemplare von hohen Breitengraden (77° 40‘) herrihrten, geht es also hervor, dass die bleichgefarbte Form auch dort nur vereinzelt vorkommt, und dass die Rede also nicht von einer Lokalvarietat, sondern nur von einer Aber- ration, sein kann. Die Namengebung Skinners war also doppel ver- fehlt. Uebrigens kommen Aahnliche hellgefarbte Sticke auch im ark- tischen Skandinavien vor; dieselben sind als ab. Sandahli Lea. bekannt gemacht. 2. Argynnis chariclea Scun. v. arctica Zerv. Diese Art wurde hiufig angetroffen, und zwar liegen nicht weniger als 16 Exemplare vor. Die Fundorte und Fangzeiten sind die fol- genden: Godhavn °/7 98; Skreia (Havnefjorden, Jones Sd.) 24/7 1900 (Scue1); Havnen, Havnefjorden (Jones Sd.) 23/7 1900; ibid. 24/7 1900; ibid. 7/s 1900 (Stmmons). In der Grésse schwanken die Exemplare zwischen 30 und 88 mm.s Expansion; von den 5 Stiicken, die beim Winterhafen 23/7 1900 gesam- melt wurden, massen 4 nur 30 mm., das 5te dagegen 85 mm. -Besonders bemerkenswerthe Aberrationen finden sich nicht. Es ist mit diesem Material vor Augen kaum zu verstehen, dass die Art so geneigt zur Bildung von Aberrationen ist, wie sie nach den Bemerkungen M’Lacutan’s sein soll. Auch haben andere Verlasser, die iiber diese Art geschrieben, z. B. SraupinceR! und Avrivinuius (I. c.), ee solche Variationsfaihigkeit der Art gar nicht zugeschrieben. Es liegt daher nahe zu vermuthen, dass die ausserordentliche Variabilitéit, welche an den von M’Lacuian untersuchten Exemplaren konstatirt wurde, gerade fir die aus den allerhéchsten Breitengraden (in diesem Falle 79°—81° 52’) stammenden Exemplare charachteristisch ist oder das ganz extraordinaire Umstande in diesem Falle dabei thitig gewesen waren. — Auch die von mir untersuchten finmarkischen Stticke im Zoologischen Museum zu Kri- stiania zeichnen sich nicht durch auffallende Farbeninderungen aus. 1 Sraupincer: Reise nach Finmarken. [,Stettiner entom. Zeitung“, 1861]. _ Beitrag zur Lepidopteren-Fauna Grénlands [ibid. 1857]. 10 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM Nur zwei von den vorliegenden Exemplaren sind so abweichend, dass sie eine nihere Besprechung verdienen. Das Stick von Skreia ist sehr dunkelgefiirbt; die rothgelbe Farbung auf der Oberseite beschrénkt sich auf eine schmale Binde, welche die dussere, in diesem Falle zusam- menhangende, Fleckenreihe einschliesst; die Saumflecke und die Bogen- flecke sind zu einer einzigen Binde zusammengeflossen. Die Unterseite der Fligel ist normal. -- Dem Stiick von Havnefjorden 1/s 1900 fehlt es beinahe ganz an brauner Bestéubung an der Mittelbinde der Unter- seite der Hinterfliigel. Sonst ist es wie gewohnlich gefairbt und ge- zeichnet. Was die Unterschiede zwischen der grénlandischen Lokalvarietit arctica und der Stammform, sowie der var. Boisduvali Dur. betrifft, so sind diese so ausgezeichnet von AuRIVILLIUs (I. c.) besprochen worden, dass es nicht nothig ist, sich dariiber auslassen. 3. Argynnis polaris Bois. v. americana STRAND 0. Vv. Ks liegen 8 Exemplare vor, die folgender Orte gesammelt wurden: Havnen, Rice Strait (Ellesmere Ld.) 29/6 99; ibid. 25/7 99; Havne- fjorden (Jones Sd.) 2/7 1900; Gaasefjorden (Ellesmere Ld.) 3% 02; die Westseite von Gaasefjorden °/7 1902 (Baumann). Das grésste Stiick misst 45 mm., das kleinste 34 mm.; die Varia- tionen in der Grésse sind also recht bedeutend. Besonders in die Augen fallende Unterschiede zwischen den ameri- kanischen und finmarkischen Exemplare dieser Art kénnen allerdings kaum nachgewiesen werden. Doch giebt es einen, wie es scheint, kon- stanten Unterschied auf der Unterseite der Hinterfliigel, ahnlich dem- jenigen von chariclea, indem bei den norwegischen Exemplaren in der Mittelbinde der weisse Fleck in Zelle 7 an der Innenseite tiefer ein- geschnitten und in zwei schiirfere Spitzen ausgezogen ist. Jm Saum- felde ist der helle Wisch an Rippe 4 gewohnlich deutlicher und der hinterste von den weissen Wurzelflecken (in Zelle 1c) langer und an der Aussenseite scharf zugespitzt an norwegischen Exemplaren; an gron- landischen Stiicken ist der gedachte Fleck hier breit abgerundet oder -sogar quer abgeschnitten. [Endlich scheint der Lichtstreif im ausseren Zwischenfeld bei der europiischen Form etwas deutlicher zu sein. Die angegebenen Verschiedenheiten scheinen eine eigene Varietats- benennung zu rechtlertigen; als solche schlage ich fiir die amerikanische Form v. americana m. vor. Da Boispuvat die Art nach Exemplaren 1898— 1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE, 11 von ,Cap Nord“ beschrieb, muss die europiische Form als die Haupt- form angesehen werden, und die Varietitsbenennung muss also der amerikanischen angehiren. 4. Lycaena orbitulus Prun. v. Franklini Curr. Wurde bei Fort Juliane 7/7 99, beim Havnen, Havnefjorden (Jones Sd.) 22/7 1900 und ibid. am 7/s 1900 (Simmons) gesammelt; zusammen 4 Exemplare, die alle wenig gut erhalten sind, so dass sie im frischen Zustande gewiss etwas anders aussehen wiirden. Die Grésse derselben schwankt zwischen 20 und 22 mm. Verglichen mit der im arktischen Norwegen vorkommenden Form, aquilina Srer., ist in der Grésse kaum ein Unterschied zu bemerken, indem die meisten norwegischen aquilina, die ich gesehen habe, durch- gehends nicht grésser als Franklini sind. Die Oberseite ist bei beiden gleich, jedoch dirfen frische Franklini wohl etwas dunkler sein. Die Unterseite ist dunkler, wenigstens auf den Hinterfligeln; letztere haben schirfere Augenflecke, wovon diejenigen am Vorderrande mit schwarzen Pupillen versehen sind. Auf der Unterseite der Hinterfliigel findet sich bei allen 4 Stiicken in der Mitte des Innenrandes oder ein wenig naher dem Analwinkel ein weisser Fleck, der zusammen mit den zwei Wurzel- flecken eine gerade Linie bildet. Dieser Fleck ist weder an der Figur Curtis’s! angedeutet, noch wird er von HerricH-ScHAFFER? erwahnt. Ein solcher Fleck kann jedoch auch, wenn auch viel undeutlicher, bei aquilina vorkommen. Die Saumflecke der Unterseite der Vorderfliigel sind an der Innerseite von zusammenhangenden, schwarzen Bogen be- grenzt; letztere bilden also einen schwarzen Querstreif auf dem Fligel. Innerhalb des schwarzen Discoidalfleckes der Vorderfliigel findet sich bei aquilina kein oder nur ein undeutlicher weisser Fleck; dieser ist bei allen 4 Stiicken von Franklini gross und deutlich, was auch mit dem Discoidalfleck der Fall ist. Curtis erzihlit, das die von ihm beschriebenen Sticke auf Astra- galus alpinus gefangen wurden. Diese Art wurde 1900 von Avrivitutus |. c. als fir die Fauna Grénlands neu angegeben und zwar von Hurry Inlet and Mackenzie- Bucht. Sie var jedoch schon 1892 von Skinner und Mencet I. c. in 1 Curtis: Deser. of the Insects in ,Appendix to the Narr. af the Sec. Voyage of Ross“. 1835. 2 Herricu-Scuirrer: System. Bearbeitung d. Schmett. von Europa. (B. VI, Pag. 28 (Lyc. aquilo).) 12 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM ihrem Verzeichniss der bei McCormick Bay, Herbert Island und Disco gesammelten Schmetterlinge aufgefiihrt. Jedenfalls gehért sie unter den wenig hiiufigen Arten Grénlands, und sie dirfte auch in Ellesmere Land nicht haufig sein. 5. Dasychira groenlandica Wex. Nur zwei Imagines wurden gesammelt: Gaasefjorden 79/6 1902 (Hrn- RIKSEN) (&) und 2/7 1902 (°). — Das Mannchen misst 40 mm., das Weib- chen 53 mm. Beim Mannchen sind die beiden Querlinien der Vorder- fliigel deutlich. Die leicht kenntliche Raupe dieser Art wurde viel 6fter gefunden und zwar an folgenden Orten: Foulke Fjord (Nord-Grénland) 1%/s 1898 (eine ganz junge Raupe); Fort Juliane */6 1899 (Simmons); Havnen, Havnefjorden (Ellesmere Ld.) °/6 1900 (ScueEi), ibid. 1%/6 1900; ibid. 1/6 1900; Moskusfjord (Jones Sound) Juli 1900; Gaasefjord 9/5 1902 (Baumann); Indre Eide (Gaasefjorden) 1/6 1902; 2°6 1902. Ausserdem wurden Cocons gefunden: Egedesminde %/7 98, God- havn °/7 98, Cap Rutherford (Hayes Sound) °°s 98 und Stordalen (Havnefjorden) °°/7 1900. Die Raupe ist schon wiederholt beschrieben worden, so von Ho- MEYER’, Dyar?, Aurivituius |. ¢c., so dass eine nochmalige Beschrei- bung unndthig ist. — Wie schon Herricu-Scuarrer (bei Homeyer I. c.) vermuthete, tiberwintert die Raupe zweimal, nach dem was AURIVILLIUS hat konstatiren kénnen. 6. Anarta Richardsoni Curt. Diese Art wurde zu wiederholten Malen angetroffen und zwar bei: Godhavn *%/7 1898; Rice Strait (Ellesmere Ld.) 4/s 1899; Havnefjorden °4/, 1900; Skrabdalen (Gaasefjorden) 16/7 1904 (Scuet) und Gaasefjorden Bie. 1902. Die Exemplare weisen z. Th. nicht unerhebliche Verschiedenheiten unter sich auf, da sie aber nicht im bestem Zustande sind, gehe ich darauf nicht naher ein. Sie konnten nur durch Untersuchung der Geni- talien mit Sicherheit identificirt werden. In Grésse variiren sie zwischen 29 und 32 mm. ' Homerer in ,Zweite deutsche Nordpolfahrt“ B. II, Abt. I, P. 409. * Dyar in ,,Psyche* VII. P. 153. 1898—1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 13 Alle norwegische Exemplare, die ich gesehen habe (von Dovre und Finmarken), gehiéren der Varietit dovrensis Srar. an und sehen ziemlich verschieden von den Gronlindern aus. Anm. Nach Sravpincer und Resets Catalog kommt auch Anarta Zetterstedti Srer f. pr. in Grénland vor. 7. Anarta leucocycla Srer. Wurde bei Rice Strait °/6 1899 (ein neugeschliipftes Stiick!) und 20/7 1899 sowie bei Ostcap, Havnefjorden 7/s 1900 gefunden, tberall Unica. Sie sind in wenig gutem Zustande und messen 26—27 mm. 8. Larentia polata Dvr. Nur zwei [ndividuen wurden gefunden und zwar bei Godhavn 29/7 98 und Havnen, Rice Strait °°/7 99. Erwahnenswerthe Verschiedenheiten von norwegischen Exemplaren finden sich nicht; selbst die Querbinde an der Unterseite der Hinter- fligel, die an der Abbildung bei Aurivitutus (L. c. 1890) nicht angedeutet ist, tritt deutlich wie bei norwegischen Stiicken hervor. Von der Ab- bildung LeresBure’s! sind sie daher so verschieden, dass man sie nicht zu v. Brulléi Ler. ziehen kann. Auch Avrivitiis bezeichnet die groénlindische Form einfach als polata Dur., Bane-Haas dagegen er- klart 1. ¢., dass die gedachte Form im allgemeinen der Varietait Brullé angehdrt. Die zwei Exemplare messen 26 und 27 mm. 9. Larentia frigidaria Gy. v. Sabinei Kirpy (Curt.). Diese Art wurde haufig angetroffen, indem Exemplare von den fol- genden Orten vorhanden sind: Cap Rutherford (Hayes Sd.) 2*/6 99, Moskusfjord (Jones Sd.) 4/2 1900, Havnen, Havnefjorden 74/7 1900, Odedalene (Havnefjorden) °9/7 1900 (Sim- mons), Bucht bei Lands End (Helvedes-Porten, Jones Sd.) 1/7 1901 (Simmons), Gaasefjorden 1/7 1902; ibid. */7 1902; ibid. *%/6 1902; ibid. 21/6 1902 (Simmons); ibid. ?%/6 1902. Die drei vorhandenen Weibchen messen 24—25 mm., wihrend das kleinste Mannchen 22, das grésste 27 mm. ist. Nach Staupinegr |. c. ist die Fligelspannung von finmarkischen Exemplaren der Hauptform 1 Lerepure: Description de quelques Lépidoptéres nocturnes hyperboréennes. [,Annales d. 1. Soc. ent. de France“, 1836. 14 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM 23—29 mm.; die im Zoologischen Museum zu Kristiania befindlichen Stiicke aus Finmarken messen durchgehends 26—29 mm. Die ameri- kanische Form ist also im allgemeinen etwas kleiner. Die Flugzeit in Finmarken ist nach SraupincEr letzte Halfte von Juli, wihrend Scuoyen! fand, dass die Flugzeit schon bei 5ten Juli vor- tiber war. Da dieselbe also, wenigstens fir die Hauptform, kurz zu sein scheint, hangt es wohl von besonderen Umstainden, am meisten wohl von den Witterungsverhiltnissen, ab, ob die Art in Gronland Ende Juli oder Ende Juni ihre Hauptflugzeit haben soll. Besonders erwihnenswerthe Farbenanderungen kommen unter den vorliegenden Exemplaren nicht vor. Dieselben sind jedoch meistens wenig gut erhalten, so dass die Farbung nicht immer genau erkannt werden kann. Die schon von M’Lacuian beschribene und von SKINNER und MenceL als immaculata n. sp. bekannt gemachte Form ist aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach nur eine Varietét von frigidaria; ein Paar von meinen Stiicken scheinen dazu gehért zu haben. — Unter finmarkischen Exemplaren der Hauptform kommen nicht selten auffallende Aberrationen vor. So erwahnt schon Sraupinegr |. c. eine Form, die fast ganz ein- farbig schwarzgrau ist (ab. melanotica im. n. ab.). Mit finmarkischen Stiicken verglichen weisen die Amerikaner die folgenden Verschiedenheiten auf. Sie sind undeutlicher gezeichnet, die Grundfarbe ist rauchbraun, nicht wie bei ersteren grau oder schwarzlich grau. An den Vorderfliigeln ist das helle innere Zwischenfeld ziemlich deutlich, dagegen gehen das Mittelfeld und das Saumfeld in einander uber ohne deutlich markirte Grenze, ausgenommen am Vorderrande. Der Discoidalfleck der Vorderfliigel kaum wahrnehmbar. Die Fransen sind beinahe ganz einfarbig, die Hinterfligel ohne Andeutung von Quer- linien. Die Unterseite ist einfarbig, dunkler, braunlich grau. Bane-Haas schlagt |. c. fir die grénlandische Form den Namen v. groenlandicaria vor. Dieselbe muss jedoch den Namen Sabinei Kirsy fiihren. Der erste Autor dieses Namens ist ja Kirpy, nicht Curtis; das Werk, worin Kirpy seine zwar unvollstandige, aber jedoch kennt- liche Beschreibung veréffentlichte: ,,Suppl. to the Appendix of Captain Parry’s Voyage“, erschien 1821, wihrend die Beschreibung von Curtis im Jahre 1835 verdffentlicht wurde. Auch ware es wohl das richtigste, die zuerst bekannt gegebene Form, Sabinei, als die Hauptform anzusehen und frigidaria als Varietit dazu zu ziehen. Die grénlandischen Ex- emplare waren demnach als Lar. Sabinei Kirpy und unsere europaischen 1 Scuoven: Oversigt over de i Norges arktiske region hidtil fundne lepidoptera. [, Archiv f. mathem. og naturv.“ B, V.] 1898—1902. No3.] COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE, 15 als Lar. Sabinei Kirsy v. frigidaria GN. zu benennen. Die im Cata- loge von Sraupincer und Reset gebrauchte Benennung ware so in zwei Puncten zu verbessern. Dass die zwei in Frage stehenden Formen nicht specifisch verschie- den sind, davon habe ich mich durch Untersuchung von den Genitalien tberzeugt. 10. Pyrausta torvalis Moscuu. Von dieser eigenthimlichen Art liegen drei leider nicht gut erhaltene, aber jedoch sicher bestimmbare, Exemplaren vor, die bei Godhavn *°/7 1898, Havnefjorden 74/7 1900 und Gaasefjorden °/7 1902 erbeutet wurden. Die Art wurde zuerst in Labrador aufgefunden, hat sich spater als in Grénland weit verbreitet erwiesen und wurde nach der Angabe Srav- DINGERS auch als in den Pyreneen vorkommend angegeben!. Im neuen Lepidopteren-Catalog steht jedoch keine andere Patria-Angaben als: ,, Labr.“ 11. Olethreutes boreana Reu.(= septentrionana Méscut.) Nur zwei Exemplare dieser interessanten Art wurden gefunden und zwar bei Havnefjorden (Jones Sd.) ?°/6 und 78/6 1900. Es ist ganz berechtigt, wenn diese Art im neuen Cataloge in der nachsten Nahe von Schulziana aufgefihrt worden ist, denn sie steht dieser Art so nahe, dass sie unter Exemplaren dieser letzteren gesteckt, nur von einem getibten Auge ohne Schwierigkeit unterschieden werden kann. Aber ebenso gewiss ist es, dass sie von Schulziana specifisch ver- schieden ist; das zuverlassigste Distinctionsmerkmal diirfte wohl in allen Fallen die gestreckteren, schmaleren Vorderfliigel sein. Aber un- begreiflich ist es, wie MéscHLer sagen kann, dass sie in der Farbung ganz verschieden ist?; sie scheint mir auch darin grosse Aehnlichkeit mit Schulziana aufzuweisen. Leider liegen wie gesagt nur 2 Exemplare vor. Diese sind doch in ziemlich gutem Zustande, so dass ich einige Bemerkungen uber die Puncten, worin diese wenig gut mit Méscuiers Beschreibung stimmen, bezw. tiber die Verschiedenheiten von Schulziana, geben kann. Palpen braunlich grau, die Schneide nur wenig heller. Kopf braun mit einigen eingemengten, grauweissen Haaren. Thorax ebenso gefarbt. 1 Méscuuer: Beitrige zur Schmetterlings-Fauna von Labrador. [,Stettiner entom. Zeitung 1883.] 2 Vielleicht ist das darin begriindet, dass das Typeexemplar Miscuters, wie Bane- Haas |. c. mittheilt, stark abgerieben war. 16 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM Hinterleib bréiunlich grau mit eingestreuten weisslichen Haaren. After- busch graulichgelb. Beine hellgrau, die Tarsen undeutlich braun geringt. Die Zeichnungen der Vorderfliigel sind bei boreana reiner, deut- licher, nicht so verworren, wie bei Schulziana. Die weissen Zeich- nungen sind wie bei letzterer von schwarzen Fleckchen und Puncten umgeben; diese sind bei boreana meistens grisser und treten schirfer hervor. Die Grundfarbe ist mehr graubraunlich, nicht so réthlich oder rothlich gelb; die Zeichnungen sind weiss mit wenigem oder keinem Silberschimmer; zwischen den Zeichnungen stehen keine Silberpuncte, und ebensowenig steht in der Fliigelmitte ein runder, makelartiger, Silberpunct wie bei Schulziana. In dem Wurzelfelde keine helle Binde, nur ein Paar Flecke. — An der Unterseite der Vorderfliigel treten bei boreana die weissen Fleckchen am Vorderrande wenig scharf hervor. Der einzige sicher bekannte Fundort in Grénland war Hekla Hafen an der Ostkiiste (Banc-Haas). Zweifellos ist es jedoch dieselbe Art, die von Avrivituius |. c. (1900) als Sericoris sp. forte Schulziana auf- geliihrt wird. Die von M’Lacuian als Mixodia sp. und von Curtis lc. als Orthotaenia Bentleyana (Don.) erwihnten Exemplare diirften vielleich auch boreana angehort haben. 12. Olethreutes groenlandicana Bane-Haas. Diese seit dem Auffinden der Typenexemplare nicht wiedergefun- dene Art liegt in vielen Exemplaren vor. Diese wurden gesammelt: Bei Cap Rutherford 2% 1899, Havnen, Rice Strait °/6 99; ibid. 25/7 99; Havnefjorden 27/6 1900 (Summons). ibid. 23/7 1900; Gaasefjorden 3/7 und 3°%6 1902. Die Fligelexpansion ca. 17 mm. (16—18 mm.) Die vorliegenden Exemplare weichen von der Beschreibung Bane- Haas’s dadurch ab, dass die Hinterfligel nicht schwarzgrau, sondern hellgrau mit ebenso gefarbten Fransen sind. Da aber die Beschreibung sonst ganz passt, nehme ich nicht Anstand die Bestimmung als richtig anzusehen, so viel mehr als die Farbe der Hinterfliigel offenbar ein wenig variiren kann. Die weissgraue Binde, welche sich vom Vorderrande bis zum Innen- winkel erstreckt, ist an den meisten Stiicken so stark mit dunkleren Querstreifen und Puncten gemischt, dass sie selbst an frischen Exem- plaren héchst unregelmassig und undeutlich ist. Nur ein einziges der vorliegenden Exemplare hat die gedachte Binde rein weissgrau ohne andere schwarzen Zeichnungen als die kleinen, abgerundeten, charachteri- 1898—1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 17 stischen Fleckchen am Vorderrande, welche nie fehlen und in allen Fallen scharf hervortretend sind, sowie der darunter liegende, langlich eifor- mige Fleck. Letzterer ist auch nur an dem einen Exemplare scharf hervortretend; an den anderen fliesst er entweder mit den umgebenden kleineren Flecken zusammen, oder was am Oftesten der Fall ist, er ver- schwindet ganz und wird von einem undeutlichen dunklen, schwach bleiglinzenden Streif oder von zablreichen kleinen dunklen Puncten ersetzt. Bei vielen Exemplaren verbreitet sich die weissgraue Binde gerade bis zur Spitze; der Saum ist doch immer mit schwarzen Zeich- nungen versehen, namlich ausser einem grésseren schwarzen Fleck un- mittelbar vor der Spitze, eine Anzahl von 7 kleineren Fleckchen, 2 nahe der Spitze, 2 im Analwinkel und 3 nahestehende oder zusammenhiangende in der Mitte; diese Fleckchen fliessen in vielen Fallen zusammen, so dass die Binde an der Aussenseite véllig von Schwarz begrenzt wird. Auch in der gewoéhnlich sehr undeutlichen Mittelbinde finden sich am Vorderrande zwei oder drei kleine schwarze Flecke. Die Mittelbinde ist an einigen Exemplaren von einem aus den Vorderrandflecken entsprin- genden, bis gegen den Innenrand verlaufenden, schwarzen Streifen oder Punctreihe getheilt; am Innerrande ist die Binde am undeutlichsten. In der Mitte des Wurzelfeldes sieht man zwei kleine, hellere, bleiglanzende Hackchen. — Abdomen ist ungefahr wie die Hinterfligel gefarbt. Die Vorderbeine sind grauschwarz mit weissen Flecken an der Vorderseite der Tibien und Tarsen, die Hinterbeine sind grau mit weissen und schwarzen Makeln an der Oberseite der Tarsen. 13. Stenoptilia Mengeli Fern. Ein Unicum von Reindeer Point (Foulke Fjord) in Nord-Grénland 16/g 98 stimmt ganz mit FernaLps iibrigens etwas kurz gefasste Beschre)- bung 1. ¢., so dass die Bestimmung wohl als sicher angesehen werden darf. Der von Bane-Haas erwahnte Mimaeseoptilus islandicus STGR. ist wohl auch dieselbe als Fernatps Art und nicht die richtige islan- dische Art; Banc-Haas macht ja auch darauf aufmerksam, dass das groénlandische Exemplar von der Type Sraupincers etwas abweicht, und im neuen Catalog wird ja demnach als Patria fir islandicus nur wlsl.4 angegeben. Nach der Beschreibung von Mim. islandicus unterscheidet meine Mengeli sich in den folgenden Puncten davon. Flagelexpansion 21 mm. nach meinem Exemplar; Fernatp giebt 20 mm. an. Uber jedem Auge zieht eine feine weisse Linie; sonst ist 2 18 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM der Augenrand wie der Kopf gefarbt. Die Zunge ist schwarzbraun. Thorax ist anscheinend ein wenig mehr weiss beschuppt als die Fligel gewesen. Abdomen ist ausser mit einem feinen weissen Streifen jeder- seits an der Basis auch mit einem solchen an der Unterseite versehen; dieser ist jedoch ziemlich undeutlich. Auch an den Hinterbeinen sind die Tarsen heller gefarbt; ebenso sind die Sporen der hinteren Tibien weiss. Auf dem Vorderzipfel finden sich weisse Schuppen auch am Vorderrande, wenn auch sparsamer als am Innerrande. An der Wurzel der Vorderfligel findet sich ein undeutlicher, dunkler Langsstreif. Die Makel vor dem Einschnitt ist ungefahr so gross wie bei Sten. bipuncti- dactyla, aber schirfer markirt und rhomboidisch. Am Ende des hin- teren Zipfels kann ich keine dunkle Flecke wahrnehmen. Die Hinter- fliigel sind ein wenig mehr graugefarbt als diejenigen von bipuncti- dactyla. Auf der Unterseite fiihrt die dritte Feder dieselbe Bestiéubung wie die zweite, nicht wie die erste. _ Die Verschiedenheiten zwischen Mengeli und islandicus sind ja nicht gross; die nahe Verwandschaft ist nicht zu laugnen trotz dem fatalen Umstande, dass im neuen Cataloge nicht weniger als 8 Arten zwischen den beiden genannten gestellt werden! Um aber die Beziehungen dieser Formen zu einander naher zu erforschen, ware mehr Material nothwendig. Fernatp war offenbar die Beschreibung von Min. islandicus nicht bekannt, da er als die nachsten Verwandten seiner Art nur ein Paar stidlicheren, in den Vereinigten Staaten vorkommenden, Arten angab. Vorausgesetzt dass der aus Grénland angegebene Mimaeseoptilus islandicus Ster. gleich Stenoptilia Mengeli Fern. ist, kommt dieselbe auch in Ostgrénland vor. Die Typen Fernatps wurden bei McCormicks Bay gesammelt. PAGENSTECHER fiihrt 1. c. Sten. Mengeli gar nicht auf. Raupen. Als Anhang zu der Bearbeitung der Lepidopteren gebe ich unten Beschreibungen von den gesammelten, in Spiritus conservirten Raupen, trotzdem dass dieselben nicht mit Sicherheit identificirt werden kénnen. Besonders wenn es sich um ein Faunengebiet, das so wenige Arten auf- zuweisen hat, handelt, dirfen solche Beschreibungen dennoch nicht als werthlos angesehen werden; man kann ja in diesem Falle wenigstens mit Wahrscheinlichkeit die Raupen bestimmen. 1898— 1902. No.3] COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U, ARANEAE. 19 1. Argynnis chariclea Scun.? Eine Argynnis-Raupe, welche mit der Beschreibung AvriviLitus’s von dem, was er als die Raupe dieser Art ansieht, stimmt, wurde bei Spadenses (Havnefjorden) 22/7 1900 gefunden. 2. Agrotis sp. Beim Havnen, Havnefjorden wurde 4/6 1900 eine Raupe gefunden, die einer der folgenden Arten angehért: Agrotis dissona Moscut., clande- stina Harr., quadrangula Zerr., Westermanni Ster. oder Drewseni STerR. Kopf klein, 3 mm. breit, etwas niedergedriickt, dem Umrisse nach ellipsoidisch, breiter als lang, die Seitenhalften wenig gewolbt; Clypeus (Stirndreieck) langer als vorn breit, flach; Scheiteldreieck zweimal so breit als lang, der Quere nach niedergedriickt; Ocellen weit von ein- ander stehend, einen grossen Bogen bildend; Labrum zwei mal so breit als lang, seitlich gerundet, vorn wenig ausgeschnitten. Kopf braunlich gelb, die Seitenhilften oben und vorn braun marmorirt, an den Seiten des Stirndreieckes ein brauner Streif, der sich nach hinten fortsetzt und eine X-ahnliche Figur bildet; Scheiteldreieck dunkel braun. Der gelbe Stirndreieck mit einer Haarwarze in den beiden vorderen Ecken; zwei gleiche Warzen jederseits der Mittellinie auf der Kopfhéhe. Labrum hellgelb, Vorderrand schwarz; Mandibeln an der Basis braunlich gelb, in der stark glinzenden dusseren Halfte réthlich braun. Kérper ziemlich dick, von der gewohnlichen Agrotis-Form, ohne besondere Auszeich- nungen. Die zwei hinteren Brustsegmenten oben jederseits der Mittel- linie mit 2 in einer transversellen Linie, die Segmenten 5—11 mit 2 in longitudinellen, nach hinten divergirenden Linien gestellten kleinen, weissen Haarwarzen. Riicken tibrigens mit kurzen Haaren, die nicht aus solchen Warzen entspringen. Kérper schmutzig graubraun gefirbt, eine feine, helle, besonders in den Einschnitten deutlich schwarz ein- gefasste Riickenlinie, jederseits \derselben eine breite, schmutzig grau- gelbliche Binde, die vom dritten bis zwolften Segmente verlaiuft; die hinteren der Haarwarzen der Mittelsegmenten legen gerade in der aus- seren Grenzlinie dieser Binde. An den mittleren Segmenten bemerkt man zwischen der Riickenbinde und den Stigmen einen sehr verloschenen helleren Schrigstreif, und unter den Stigmen verlauft eine schmale, hell- gelbe Binde, die vom Kopfe bis zum Aftersegmente deutlich ist. Die Seiten, sowie Unterseite von den Segmenten 11—12 etwas heller, die Stigmen, Afterschieber, letztes Paar Bauchfiisse, sowie ein grosser Fleck ze 20 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM an der Unterseite von Segment 11 sind schwarz. Sonst die Unterseite sowie die tbrigen Fiisse gelbbraun; die Klauen und die Spitzen der Gelenkabschnitte der Brustfiisse geschwarzt. Analplatte dunkelbraun. Eine andere, gleichzeitig gefundene, ein wenig kleinere Agrotis-Raupe, die wahrscheinlich derselben Species angehért, weicht in den folgenden Puncten von der beschriebenen ab. Breite des Kopfes 4 mm., die Seitenhalften starker gewolbt; Stirn- dreieck braun, Scheiteldreieck hellgelb, Mandibeln einfarbig gelbbraun, Halsschild mit deutlich weisser Mittellinie. Der schwarze Fleck an der Unterseite von Segment 11 fehlt, ebenso sind die Afterschieber, die letzten Bauchfiisse und die Analplatte braunlich gelb. Eine dritte Raupe, die leider wenig gut erhalten ist, aber so weit man sehen kann, ‘in allem mit der letzterwahnten tbereinstimmt, wurde an der Siidkitste von Ellesmere Land °6/s 1899 gefunden. 3. Geometride sp. “Bei Moskusfjord (Jones Sound) wurde im Juli 1900 von Simmons eine Raupe gefunden, die wahrscheinlieh die bisher ganz unbekannte Raupe von Lar. Sabinet sein diwfte. Sowohl M’Lacutan (1. c.) als VaNHOFFEN (I. ¢.) erwihnen Geometride-Raupen; sie geben aber keine Beschreibungen davon. Die Raupe Vanuirrens wurde auf Sawifraga aizoon gefunden, wollte aber in der Gefangenschaft nicht von ihrer ver- meintlichen Futterpflanze fressen und war also vielleicht zufallig auf diese gelangt. Kopf flachgedriickt, abgerundet, viereckig, die grésste Breite grisser als die Entfernung des Vorderrandes des zweiten Segmentes vom Vorder- rande des Stirndreieckes; letzteres ziemlich flachgedriickt, ein wenig langer als vorn breit, auch die Seitenhilften des Kopfes wenig gewolbt; Labrum emarginirt, mehr als zweimal so breit als lang. Kopf braun- schwarz, an den Seiten hinter den Ocellen 5 rothgelbliche, bogenférmige Flecke, Labrum rothbraunlich; Antennen und Palpen weiss, schwarz- geringt; Labrum vorn weiss, hinter schwarz; die Augen grauweiss. Breite des Kopfes 3mm. Kérper seitlich schwach niedergedritckt, ziem- lich robust, gleichférmig gebaut ohne besondere Erhabenheiten oder Auswiichse, jedoch mit weissen Punctwarzen, die je ein schwarzes, ziemlich langes, borstenihnliches Haar tragen. Das zweite Segment ausserdem mit ahnlichen Haaren, die nicht aus Warzen entspringen. Die Segmenten tragen aber folgende Querreihen von Warzen: das 2te, 3te, 4te und 12te Segment je eine Reihe von bezw. 2, 8, 8 und 6 1898—1902. Nv.3.]_ COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE, 21 Warzen, die iibrigen Segmenten 2 Reihen, wovon die vordere aus 4, die hintere aus 2 Warzen besteht; das letzte Segment ohne Warzen, aber mit Haaren. Unten haben die Segmenten 5—8 je zwei Reihen, die vordere mit 5, die hintere mit 6 Warzen. Ausserdem sind ein oder zwei Warzen neben den Stigmen an jedem Segment vorhanden. Grund- farbe des Korpers briunlich gelb. In und beiderseits der Mittellinie des Riickens verlaufen drei Reihen von abwechselnden dunkel braunen und hellgelben, viereckigen Flecken und zwar so, dass in den Einschnitten zwischen den Segmenten in der Mitte ein gelber, beiderseits ein brauner Fleck liegt, wihrend auf der Wolbung des Segmentes der braune Fleck in der Mitte, die gelben an dessen Seiten gestellt sind. Segment 2—4 scheint einfarbig dunkler, Aftersegment einfarbig heller gelbbraun ge- wesen, die hornartige Afterklappe braun. Bauch in der Mitte mit einer hellen Lingsbinde. Afterschieber und Bauchfiisse weisslich, Brustfisse innen an der Basis weisslich, an der Spitze schwiirzlich, sonst braungelb. 4, Microlepidopteron sp. Eine Microlepidopter-Raupe wurde von Simmons beim Winterhafen in Rice Strait Juli 1899 gefunden. Das in Spiritus aufbewahrie Exem- plar ist geschrumpfl und gebogen, ausserdem wahrscheinlich ziemlich entfarbt, so dass die Beschreibung leider nicht so genau als wiinschens- werth werden kann. Kopf klein, ziemlich herzfirmig, flach, niedergedriickt, breiter als lang, die Seitenhilften seitlich ein wenig zusammengedriickt; Stirndreieck lang, 14/2 so lang als vorn breit; Labrum viereckig, in der Spitze aus- geschnitten, vorn in der Mitte tief ausgehdhlt. Die viergliedrigen An- tennen fast dreimal so lang als an der Basis breit, in der Spitze mit einem Jangen und mehreren kurzen Haaren. Kopf briunlich gelb, die Seitenhialften braun marmorirt, besonders hinten und an den Seiten; Stirndreieck mit 2 kleinen dunklen Puncten an beiden Seiten, die Grenz- linien desselben braun. Scheiteldreieck weisslich, Augenfeld verdunkelt; die Basis der Antennen von schwarz umzogen, dieselben weisslich, das dritte Glied jedoch schwirzlich. Labrum braun, an der Spitze geschwiarzt. Breite des Kopfes 11/2 mm, — Die Segmente nehmen bis zum 7ten an Dicke zu und dann wieder ab, so dass die Gestalt der Raupe spindel- formig erscheint. Zweites Segment breiter als der Kopf, hornartig, seit- lich gewolbt, in der Mittellinie deuthch niedergedriickt, mit mehreren langen Haaren, aber ohne sichtbare Warzen. Der Vorderrand des Nackenschildes ist weisslich, sonst ist es braun, mit einer weissen Langs- 22 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM binde und einem gelben langgezogenen, in den Enden erweiterten Quer- fleck, der mit der Lingsbinde eine Kreuss- oder T-formige Figur bildet. Alle Warzen bilden grosse, ellipsoidische, der Quere nach gestellte, dunkel- braune Flecke, die gegen die braunlichgelbe Grundfarbe deutlich ab- stecken. Drittes und viertes Segment haben oben eine Querreihe von 4, die tibrigen Segmente (das 13te vielleicht wie das 3te und 4te) eine vordere Reihe von 4 und eine hintere von 2 solchen Flecken. Die aus den Warzen entspringenden Haare sehr lang. Aftersegment anscheinend kaum oder wenig hornartig und nicht dunkler gefaérbt. Die Fiisse in den Gelenkenden und die Klauen schwarzlich. Die Stigmen sind schwarz. Diese Raupe stimmt in mehreren Puncten mit Sraupincers Beschrei- bung (I. c. 1857) von der Raupe von Plutella senilella Zert.; vielleicht zu dieser oder Pyrausta torvalis Méscuu. angehorend. Araneae. Was die Litteratur tiber grénldindische Spinnen betrifft, wird man in der vollstandigsten Arbeit daritber: ,Arachnida Groenlandica“ von WILLIAM SoRENSEN in , Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den naturhistoriske forening i Kjobenhavn“, 1898, ein Verzeichniss der einschlagigen Publi- cationen finden. Ich werde mich daher darauf beschraénken bei jeder der zuvor bekannten Arten auf die fiir die Wiedererkennung derselben wichtigsten Beschreibungen zu verweisen und hier nur auf eine Publi- cation, die von Sorensen tibersehen worden ist, aufmerksam machen: 1878. Tuorett: Notice of the Spiders of the ,,Polaris* Expedition. (,,American Naturalist“, XIL) Hilaira Sim. 1884. Hilaira frigida (Th.) 1872. 1872. Erigone frigida Taorett: Om nagra Arachnider fran Grénland. (,Ofv. af Kgl. svenska Vet.-Akad. Férhandl.“ 1872.) 1891. Tmeticus niger F. Camprince: Descriptive Notes on some obscure British Spiders with Description of a new Species. (,Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.“ 6 S. VIL) 1894. Oreoneta nigra Cuyzer et Kunczynsxi: Araneae Hungariae, Pag. 77. 1897. Erigone frigida Lenz: Grénlindische Spinnen. (,,Bibliotheca Zoologica“, Heft 20. Lief. 3.) 1898. Tmeticus frigidus Sorensen |. c. Pag. 197. 1901. Hilaire frigida Srrany: Theridiiden aus dem nérdlichen Norwegen. (,,Archiv for Mathem. og Naturvidenskab“. XXIV, No. 2.) : 1898—1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 23 Von dieser Art legen drei Exemplare vor, die bei Cap Rutherford (Hayes Sd., Ellesmere Ld.) 26/7 1899, Cocked Hat (Kane Basin) °°/7 1899 und Havnefjorden (Jones Sd., Ellesmere Ld.) 1/e 1900 (Simmons) ge- sammelt wurden. Urspriinglich nur von Grénland bekannt, hat es sich seither er- wiesen, dass die Art auch in Europa vorkommt, und obendrein weit verbreitet ist. So wurde sie 1879 von O. P. Camprince! aus Skotland und seither aus England, 1894 von Cuyzer und Kuuczynski? aus den Tatra-Gebirgen, 1899 von mir? aus Norwegen (woher sie auch SoRENSEN l. ec. nach O. P. Camprince in litt. angiebt) gemeldet. In den arktischen Gegenden ist sie eine der haufigeren Arten, siidlicher kommt sie nur in Gebirgen vor‘. Tarsiphantes Strand n. g. Tarsiphantes latithorax Strand n. sp. Diese neue Gattung, deren Type und einzige Art die neue T. lati- thorax Srranp ist, erinnert an Hylyphantes durch die langen, gracilen Beine, an Lophocarenum durch die lateralen Kopfgriibchen und hat in Habitus auch Aehnlichkeit mit Bolyphantes, kann aber mit keiner dieser Gattungen zusammenfallen. Als am meisten auffallende Kennzeichen des Thieres diirfen, ausser den langen Beinen und den Kopfgribchen, die an Pars femoralis sehr verjiingten Palpen anzusprechen sein. Die Art wurde am Havnen, Rice Strait, 39/6 1898 entdeckt; ausser einer einzigen adulten Femina wurde ein subadultes Exemplar gefunden, das hieher wahrscheinlich gehért. Femina. Cephalothorax dunkel gelbbraun, schwarz angelaufen, besonders an den Seiten. Der ganz schwarze Seitenrand bildet mit der grauschwarzen Farbung der Seiten eine oben verwischte und unbestimmt begrenzte Lingsbinde, die auch tber Clypeus zieht; mit dieser hingen die dunklen Seitenfurchen des Brusttheiles zusammen. Die Augen sind von breiten schwarzen Ringen umzogen, wodurch die Augenfliche mit Ausnahme des Zwischenraumes der hintern Mittelaugen schwarzlich erscheint; die Ringe um die hinteren Mittelaugen sind keilfoérmig nach hinten ausgezogen. Von den Seitenaugen zieht nach hinten jederseits 1 Camprince in ,Ann. a. Mag. Nat. Hist." ; 5 8. VIL 2 Cuyzer et Kutczynsxi 1. ¢. und in ,Fauna regni Hungariae, Arachnida“. (1896.) 3 Srranp in ,Arch. f. Math. og Nat.“ XXI, No. 6. 4 _ : Araneae Hallingdaliae, |. c. XXI. __: Theridiiden aus dem westlichen Norwegen (,Bergens Museums Aarbog“ 1902.) 24 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM eine schwarze Linie. Diese Linien, die den Riicken des Kopftheiles ein- schliessen, vorn den Seitengriibehen desselben folgen, am Ende derselben ein wenig eingebogen und dann wieder auswirts gekriimmt sind, stiessen in der Mittellinie zusammen. Letztere beginnt als eine schmale, scharf schwarze Linie zwischen den Mittelaugen, verbreitet sich schwach nach hinten, fliesst mit der verdunkelten Seitengriibchen zwischen Pars cepha- lica und P. thoracica zusammen und erweitert sich in der Riickengrube zu einem unbestimmt begrenzten, schwirzlichen Fleck. Die Mandibeln braungelb, an der Basis am hellsten, innen am dunkelsten, Lippe und Maxillen etwas dunkler, die letzteren in der Spitze weisslich. Sternum schwarzbraun, mit zahlreichen kleinen, helleren Puncten bestreut und mit schwarzem Seitenrand. Palpen und Beine gelb, schwach braunlich ; erstere gegen die Spitze ein wenig verdunkelt; letztere in den Spitzen der Glieder, besonders an der Unterseite, mit einer schwarzen Linie. Abdomen schwarz, die Spinnwarzen grau. Cephalothorax 0,8 mm. lang, 0,7 mm. breit. (Abdomen hat die- selbe Lange, ist aber etwas korrugirt, so dass es an frischen Exemplaren wohl etwas grésser wire.) Die grésste Breite von Cephalothorax am zweiten Fusspaare, von da nach vorn allmahlig schwach verschmilert, an der Insertion der Palpen kaum eingeschwungen. Clypeus dem Um- risse nach breit, stumpf, schwach gerundet, Cephalothorax von hinten nach vorn sdnft schrig ansteigend, von der Seite gesehen ohne deutliche Impression in Pars cephalica tibergehend; dieselbe der Linge nach schwach gewélbt, der Hihepunct ein wenig hinter den Augen, dieselben jedoch fast unmerklich uberragend, hinter den Augen schwach, fast un- merklich, der Quere nach niedergedriickt; die Augenflaiche ziemlich schrag nach vorn abgedacht, in der Mitte der Quere nach gewdlbt. Hinter den Lateralaugen jederseits eine linglich-ovale, seichte, aber deutliche Grube, deren Lange ungefahr gleich der doppelten Entfernung zwischen den hinteren Mittelaugen ist. Pars cephalica von Pars thoracica durch breite und tiefe Seitengriibchen getrennt, auch die Seitenfurchen des Brust- theiles deutlich. Cephalothorax oben, besonders am Kopftheile, schwach glinzend, fein reticulirt, an den Seiten des Brusttheiles gréber reticulirt, etwas runzelig und matt. — Die hintere Augenreihe fast gerade, viel- leicht die Seitenaugen ein wenig linger nach vorn gezogen; die Augen gleich gross, die Mittelaugen von sich um ihren doppelten, von den Seitenaugen um ihren einfachen Durchmesser entfernt. Die vordere Reihe durch Tieferstehen der Seitenaugen ein wenig gebogen; die Mittel- augen von sich kaum um ihren Durchmesser, von den Seitenaugen um ein wenig mehr als den Durchmesser entfernt. Die vorderen Mittelaugen 1898—1902. No.3.] COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE, 25 sind sehr klein, die vorderen Seitenaugen die grissten aller Augen. Das Feld der Mittelaugen kaum langer als hinten breit, hinten beinahe zwei- mal so breit als vorn. Die Seitenaugen an einem gemeinschaftlichen Hiigelchen, einander berthrend. Clypeus so hoch als das Feld der Mittelaugen lang, fein reticulirt, etwas glinzend, unter den Augen ein- gedriickt, gegen den Rand wieder hervorstehend; letzterer ragt deutlich tiber der Basis der Mandibeln hervor. Mandibeln ungefihr zweimal so lang als Clypeus hoch, kaum linger als an der Basis breit, fein quer- gestreift, nach hinten gedriickt, auch an der Basis kaum gewélbt, innen gegen die Spitze schwach gerundet-verschmilert; am Falzrande vor der Klaue sitzen gegen die Spitze derselben drei starke Zihne und unweit derselben ein Paar borstenartige Haare. Sternwm wenig langer als breit, herzformig, zwischen den Hiiften des vierten Paares verlingert und daselbst so breit als die vierte Hiifte lang, stark gewolbt, die Spitze nach oben gebogen, wenig glinzend, fein reticulirt, am Rande mit deut- lichen Eindriicken und starkerer Reticulation, tberall sparsam mit kleinen Haargriibchen, aus welchen weissliche, gerade emporgerichtete Haare entspringen. Die Palpen zeichnen sich durch das sehr verjiingte Fe- moralglied aus. Dasselbe ist von oben gesehen an der Basis ziemlich breit, wird aber in und ausserhalb der Mitte so stark seitlich kompri- mirt, dass die Breite derselben von oben gesehen nicht die Hialfte der- jenigen des Patellargliedes ist. An der Spitze erweitert sich das Femoral- glied wieder ein wenig, bleibt aber dennoch schmiler daselbst als an der Basis. Oben hat es ein wenig vor der Mitte ein grésseres, nach vorn gerichtetes Haar. Pars patellaris so lang als an der Spitze breit, dasellst mit einer Borste, die langer als der Durchmesser des Gliedes ist. Pars tibialis ein wenig schmaler als die Spitze von Pars patellaris, zweimal so lang als breit und an der Spitze mit einer Borste, die dem Durchmesser des Gliedes gleichkommt. Pars tarsalis an der Basis kaum merklich dicker als Pars tibialis und ungefahr so lang als dieselbe; gegen die Spitze ist es stark verschmalert. — Beine sehr lang und diinn, sparsam behaart und bestachelt; die Stacheln jedoch vielleicht ab- gebrochen, indem die Beine nicht gut erhalten sind, und Glieder der- selben ganz fehlen. Die Langenverhiltnisse anscheinend 4, 1, 2, 3. An den Metatarsen kann ich keine Hoérhaare finden, ebenso fehlen alle Stacheln dem vierten Beinpaare. An den Tibien der drei ersten Paare findet sich ein Stachel oben in der Basalhalfte (ungefihr bei 1/3), ebenso tragen die Patellen je einen Stachel. Die Stacheln sind kaum linger als der Durchmesser der betreffenden Glieder. Alle Metatarsen und Femora unbewehrt. Die Tarsen so lang als die Metatarsen am 26 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM I. Paare, kiirzer als die Metatarsen am IV. Paare; alle Tarsen ein wenig diinner als die Metatarsen und cylinderférmig. Die Krallen sehr klein gezihnt. — Abdomen kurz behaart. EHpigyne bildet eine Erhéhung, die breiter als lang und hinten breit abgerundet ist; der hintere, etwas em- porgerichtete Theil ist gelbbraun, glinzend, wird aber zum Theil von langeren, an der Basis stehenden Haaren iberragt. Die Erhéhung, die etwas halbmondférmig ist, hat in der Mitte eine Grube, die ein wenig breiter als lang ist. Diese wird von zwei der Linge nach gehenden parallelen Furchen, die aussen von einer erhabenen Costa begrenzt sind, gebildel; zwischen dem Vorderrande der Furchen geht eine dritte, ge- bogene, Costa, die in der Mitte zungenformig nach hinten, bis in die Mitte der Grube, sich verlangert. Hinter dieser zungenférmigen Verlan- gerung ist die Grube in der Mitte schwach erhéht, gewolbt. In einer gewissen Richtung und trocken gesehen hat Epigyne Aehnlichkeit mit einem nach vorn offenen Hufeisen. Sie dhnelt iibrigens derjenigen von Linyphia tomskica Strand (concinna L. Kch.) [Vide L. Kocu: Arach- niden aus Sibirien und Nowaja-Semlja, Taf. I, Fig. 26 in ,,Kgl. svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl.“ XVI (1879) und Stranp: Arachnologisches in ,,Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne“, 38 (1900)], unterscheidet sich aber besonders dadurch, dass die Grube an den Seiten mit tieferen, parallelen, bis zu den Hinterrand verlaufenden Furchen versehen ist, und dass die Costen, welche die Grube begrenzen, schirfer sind als (nach Kocus Figur) bei tomskica. Erigonella Dahl 1901’. Erigonella groenlandica Strand n. sp. Bei Fort Juliane (Hayes Sd.) wurde am 7/7 1899 ein subadultes Weibchen gefunden, das dieser Gattung beizuziihlen und von den bisher bekannten Arten derselben verschieden ist. Korperliinge 2 mm.; Cephalothorax 1 mm., Abdomen 1,1 mm. Farbe des ganzen Thiers schwarzlich; Cephalothorax schwarz, in der Mitte schwach gelblich; Abdomen grauschwarz. Mandibeln vorn und aussen schwirzlich, an der Basis und an der Innerseite gelblich, die Klauen rothbraun. Beine schwarzlich mit gelbbraunlichem Anfluge. Palpen unrein gelb, in der Basalhalfte schwarzlich angeflogen. Cephalothorax fein reticulirt, am Kopftheile stark glinzend, der Brusttheil gegen den Rand hin runzelig mit deutlichen Seitenimpres- 1 Daun: Ueber die Seltenheit gewisser Spinnenarten (,,Sitzungs-Bericht der Gesell- schaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin“, Nr. 10 (1901)). 1898— 1902. No. 3.) COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 27 sionen; von hinten her sanft ansteigend, zwischen dem Brusttheile und dem Kopftheile oben schwach, an den Seiten stark niedergedriickt. Der Kopftheil ziemlich hoch gewélbt, hinter den Augen schrag flachgedriickt nach vorn abfallend, die grésste Hihe desselben weiter hinter den Augen als die Entfernung der vorderen und hinteren Mittelaugen. Cephalo- thorax vorn wenig verschmalert, Stirn ziemlich breit ‘und stumpf. In der Mittellinie stehen hinter der Kopfhéhe zwei schwarze schrig vor- tiber gerichtete Haare und ein ahnliches gerade auf dem hichsten Puncte des Kopftheiles. — Das Augenfeld ist zwischen den Mittelaugen schwach medergedriickt, querrunzelig. Die hintere Augenreihe gebogen, so dass eine die Mittelaugen vorn tangirende Linie die Seitenaugen hinten be- rihren wirde; die Mittelaugen von einander in ihrem Durchmesser, von den Seitenaugen ein wenig mehr entfernt; die letzteren kaum grosser. Die vordere Augenreihe durch Tieferstehen der Seitenaugen ein wenig gebogen; die Mittelaugen die kleinsten, die Seitenaugen die gréssten aller Augen; die Mittelaugen unter sich in ihrem Durchmesser, von den Seitenaugen in 11/2 ihres Durchmessers entfernt. Das Feld der Mittel- augen linger als hinten breit. — Clypeus senkrecht abfallend, unter den Augen schwach eingedriickt, sehr fein quergestreift, wenig hoher als das Feld der Mittelaugen lang. — Mandibeln stark nach hinten gedriickt und divergirend, an der Basis sowie aussen kaum gewolbt, gegen die Spitze stark verjiingt, 11/3 so lang als an der Basis breit, glatt, glanzend. Sternum mit feinen Punctgriibchen, runzelig, dennoch ein wenig glanzend, breit herzformig, gewolbt, an der Spitze stark aufgebogen. Die Palpen ohne Auszeichnung. — Die Beine kurz und sparsam behart. Das Horhaar des ersten Metatarsus in der Mitte. Die stachelahnlichen Haaren so lang oder kaum so lang als der Durchmesser der betreffenden Glieder. Klauen sehr fein gezihnt. — Abdomen langlich eiformig, spar- sam behaart und mit feinen Punctgriibchen besetzt. Brachycentrum Dahl 1886. Brachycentrum simile (Serensen) 1898. 1898. Walckenaéra similis Sorensen l. c. Beim Havnen, Havnefjorden wurde 1/6 1900 eine 9 ad. gefunden, die ich mit dieser Art identificirt habe. Die Beschreibung SorENsENS stimmt aber in zwei Puncten (abgesehen davon, dass das Thier keine Walckenaera (Bl.} (Kulcz.), sondern ein Brachycentrum ist) nicht ganz: Die hinteren Mittelaugen sind bei meinem Exemplare micht mehr von einander als von den Seitenaugen entfernt, und Stacheln an den 28 EMBR. STRAND. [SEC. ARC. EXP. FRAM, Tibien kann ich nicht entdecken, wohl aber Trichobothrien (ausser ge- wohnlichen Haaren). Diese zwei Abweichungen kénnen jedoch nicht hinreichen, um eine neue Art aufzustellen; wissen wir ja, dass die Stellung der Augen ein wenig variiren kann, und die Stacheln vielfach leicht abgebrochen werden. _ Von Trichobothrien finden sich an den drei vorderen Tibien eines in der Mitte, an den Tibien des vierten Paares eines in der Mitte und eines nahe der Spitze, an den vierten Metatarsen kein, an den anderen Metatarsen ein Trichobothrium, das gleich weit von der Mitte und der Spitze des Gliedes steht. Die Krallen nicht lang gezihnt, wie es bei Walckenaéra s. str. der Fall ist. Cephalothorax ist mit Punctreihen versehen, dieselben sind jedoeh undeutlich. Das Endglied der Palpen ist dicht mit langen und starken Borsten besetzt. Am vorderen Falzrande der Mandibelklaue 4 Zahnchen, am hinteren keine(?). Hrigone Aud. 1825—27. Erigone psychrophila Th. 1871. 1871. Erigone psychrophila Tuoret: Om Arachnider frin Spetsbergen och Beeren- Eiland. (,0fv. af Kgl. svenska Vet.-Akad. Férhandl.“ 1871.) 1877. eo O. P. Campripce: On some new and little-known Spiders from the Arctic Regions (Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist.“ 4S. v. XX.) 1879. a L. Kocu 1. ¢. Von dieser Art liegen 4 Exemplare vor, die folgender Weise eti- quettirt sind: Rice Strait 8/6 1899 (Q) und 2%. 1899 (9); Gaasefjord °c 1902 (7); Gaasefjorden 6 1902 (9). Diese Art ist weit verbreitet, aber nach den bisherigen Angaben nicht von den haufigsten Arten Gronlands. Sorensen giebt sie von Cap Stewart und Hold with hope an, Campripce vom nordlichen Grén- land (82° 33’), THoBeLt in »opiders of the ,Polaris* Exped.“ von Polaris Bay und I. c. 1871 von Spitzbergen, L. Koca von Nowaja-Semlja und Jenisei. Auf den Commander Islands, wo viel gesammelt wurde, scheint sie zu fehlen?. * Reports of the Insects, Spiders, Mites and Myriopods collected on the Com- mander Islands. Arachnida by Banks. (,,The Fur-Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean“, Part IV.) 1898—1902. No.3.] | COLEOP., HYMENOP., LEPIDOPTERA U. ARANEAE. 29 Erigone Whymperi O. P. Chr. 1877. 1877. Hrigone Whymperi O. P. Camanince |}. c. 1898. or Sorensen |. c. Von dieser, die nach Sorensen die haufigste Hrigone-Art Grénlands ist, wurden nur 2 Stick gesammelt, die als °%7 1900, Havnen, Havne- fjorden und 1°/6 1901 Ende Gaasefjordens (Simmons) etiquettirt sind. Beide adulte Weibchen. Die Exemplare stimmen mit der Beschreibung Sorensens in Betreff der Epigyne, aber nicht der Augen. Die Mittelaugen sind namlich deutlich mehr von den Seitenaugen als von einander entfernt, was aber auch nach CamBrincE der Fall sein soll. Er schreibt ja: ,each [of the two central eyes of the front row] is separated from the lateral eye on its side by an interval about equal to that, which divides the two hind central eyes. The four central eyes form very nearly a square, the fore side being the shortest.“ Uber die Augenstellung des Mannchens kann ich aber nichts sagen, da dasselbe mir unbekannt ist. Erigone sp. (specimen monstrosum). Bei Rice Strait 3/s 1899 wurde ein eigenthiimlich gebildetes, sub- adultes Mannchen einer Hrigone-Art (Erigone s. str.) gefunden, das wohl als eine Monstrositat anzusehen ist. Der Vorderrand von Clypeus ist als eine horizontale Platte nach vorn verlangert; dieselbe bildet ein Trapezium mit schwach gerundeten Ecken, ist an der Spitze schmiler als an der Basis und breiter als lang. Ueber den Vorderrrand des Ce- phalothorax zieht eine erhéhte Falte, die zwischen den Augenreihen und von da beiderseits riickwarts verliuft. Der Kopftheil ist niedergedrickt, so dass er kaum hoher als der Brusttheil ist. Die Mandibeln, die an der Vorderseite nicht gewdlbt, sondern fast ausgehdhlt sind, stark nach hinten gedriickt. Diese Missbildung lisst sich wohl so erklaren, dass das Thier am Vorderende des Kopfes einen Druck gelitten hat, der die Mandibeln riickwarts und nach oben, Clypeus herab und vorwarts, gepresst hat. — Da die Genitalien nicht ausgebildet sind, kann die Art nicht sicher bestimmt werden. Thanatus C. L. Koch 1837. Thanatus arcticus Th. 1872. 1872. Thanatus arcticus Tuorzte I. c. 1897. —»— Lenz 1. ¢. 1898. > Sorensen |, ¢. 30 EMBR. STRAND. COLEOPTERA ETC. [SEC. ARC, EXP. FRAM.| Ein einziges, subadultes Individuum (9) liegt vor: Godhavn °°%/7 1899. — Nur aus Groénland bekannt. Lycosa (Latr.) (Th.) 1804. Lycosa glacialis Th. 1872. 1872. Lycosa glacialis Tuorett |. ec. 1874. Pardosa aquilonaris L. Kocu: Arachniden (in ,Zweite deutsche Nordpolfahrt in den Jahren 1869 und 1870.“ ID). 1877. Lycosa glacialis O. P. Camarines |. e. 1898. 1 Sorensen |. c. Diese Art scheint an den untersuchten Lokalititen haiufig gewesen, indem viele Exemplare vorliegen. Dieselben wurden gesammelt: God- havn */7 1898, Beistadfjordan °/6 1899 (Simmons), Fort Juliane 7/7 1899, Cap Rutherford °8/7 1899, Havnefjorden °/¢ 1900, '¥/e 1900 und Moskus- fjorden (Jones Sd., Ellesmere Ld.) °/7 1900. Junge Individuen zeichnen sich durch deutlich annulirte Extremi- titen aus. Hinter der Dorsalbinde Abdomens stehen zwei hinten kon- vergirende Reihen von ovalen, schrag gestellten, réthlichen Flecken, die an adulten Exemplaren gewoéhnlich ganz fehlen oder wenigstens un- deutlich sind. Kommt nur in Grénland und den Polarlandern Amerikas vor. Manuscript September 1903 vorgelegt, gedruckt Januar 1905, REPORT OF THE SECOND NORWEGIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION IN THE “FRAM” 1898—1902. No. 4. H. MOHN: METEOROLOGY AT THE EXPENCE OF THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN FUND FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE PUBLISHED BY VIDENSKABSSELSKABET I KRISTIANIA Q ) KRISTIANIA PRINTED BY A. W. BROGGER. 1907 =? I. preparing the present Memoir I have had the assistance of Miss Louise Monn, who reduced the main part of the observations and — worked up the Tables, and of Mr. Aa. Graarup, First Meteorologist in the Norwegian Meteorological Institute, who made the harmonic-analysis computations and prepared Tables from the observations made on board the ‘Fram’ under way. Capts. Sverprup, Isacusen and Baumann have furnished me with valuable remarks regarding the circumstances under which the observations were made. Miss J. Muir has revised my English manuscript. The proofs have been read by Miss Monn, Mr. Graarup and Miss Mur. The places named in the Memoir the reader will find in the maps accompanying Capt. Isacusen’s Memoir ‘Astronomical and Geodetical Observations” published in the Report of the Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the ‘Fram’ 1898—1902, No. 5, Vol. II, and in Capt. Sverprup’s Narrative of the voyage in his book “Nyt Land”. April 1907. H. Mohn. CONTENTS. Page Introduction . ; 1 Instruments . : 1 Description of the Vaguwe 2 Part I na 3 Observations at the Winter Quarters 3 The Winters Quarters, Place, Latitude, Longitude nid Bisse. 3 Atmospheric Pressure . : ot Ratt ae : 4 Barometer used and its Canteueone ‘< 4 Observations BA ED Ea EGA alk? Gh lsh- Jae iss: eee ERE & OE 6 Bhevdatly Pepiod: 2 ek ak BS RO a Gla a ce wee a we BE Theannual Period ............0 8000404. ee BY Absolute Minima. . . .. .. ee ee OT Absolute Maxima. . . . . . . ee BB The Temperature of the Air. . . . ld ae Re OO ae. BD Thermometers used and their Camestions, Bie uae tie Sain aie hoe. ie tee ee OO) Observations . 2... 1. ee ee ee ee ee 6B The daily Period. . gd ae See an ene Sage eh OS: Daily Period and Aewoprit: e Cloud 5 ORS AE Oar a See See et EET Mean monthly Minima. . . ...... 2... eee ee AMG Mean monthly Maxima. .. .............. 2. . 414 Aperiodic Range . . 2 1). we ee ee ee ee ANE The annwal Period. 5 2 6 & 2a yo ewe Boa Yate we ee TMG Absolute Minima. . ...... 2... ee ee ee MT Absolute Maxima. . . 118 The interdiurnal Variability af dhe Denpevat wre at ie Ade 120 Thermal Wind-Roses .. . Sm aie at Her ied, odes A ines A? Ste ate tee ch =’), GPL Moisture of the Atmosphere ..........2.2.2.2...2. 2. 129 Hair-Hygrometers used . . 2... . 1. ew. ee eee ee 128 Observations: .. 46 ee & ow ee eee ee ee we ow = 198 Force of Vapour. Daily Period ..........4.2.2. =. 168 —»— Annual Period ............. 171 Relative Humidity. Daily Period. ............ 172 —»— Annual Period. ........... 1% Wind. ... erhae e SARs Ue, GEOR os RAS 2 GUS 4 Bere IG Ohesectans fog oe. Gee ge OP ee oe oe oe ee ae Wind. Direction «6 2 we © ee ee ww we we we we oe 29D Frequency iow, tye 222. The Windward ‘Side ‘et the Wind- Rom ci ak age Bh ae la ey te DOE Page Wind Velocity ais 488 ce oe Geo OS SG SEM eG Gala eel 897 Anemometer. . ee ee ee ee ee ee er Wind-Velocity. Deity Bead be Bln AS-i oe ain Se TOOT Calms. Daily Period. . gate dante, SAPD SERED a. G8 10-230) Wind-Velocity. Arana Pevied th 8 233 Wind- Velocity and Frequency of Calms at ‘thie dittereat Wiser Ousters 234 Gales and Storms. i obi ROB Oe he ca ah ge peg a> Ga 28D) Cloud, Precipitation 937 Observations 238 Amount of Cloud. Daily ‘Period 328 —»— Annual Period ......-. 331 334 Cloud-Motion $e tn ewie a aasetee 18 Probability of Pr auipibatinn: Daily Period ese ofr Gino den A —>— Annual Period. . .... . . 339 Number of Days with Precipitation : 340 Duration of Precipitation in one Day with Precipitation, 312 The Amount of Precipitation B45 Observations of Aurora Borealis 330 Optical Phenomena . 351 Part IL ‘ 354 Observations on board the Fram vitrder Way Be ci ta. hoes 2A. dite Bod Instruments used and their Corrections : 354 Sea- Observations «9s! JA Bik ¢ Some © Coe owe Soa bow Bad . . 397 Errata . INTRODUCTION. ‘Wren organizing his Expedition with the Fram, Capt. Orro SvERDRUP requested me to purchase the instruments for the meteoro- logical observations, and some instruments for other purposes included in the scheme proposed for the Expedition. During the spring of 1898 the instruments were collected and examined at the Meteorological Insti- tute in Kristiania. The Fram left Norway with the following instruments on board: 2 Kew-Station barometers 1 Marine barometer 2 Pocket aneroid barometers 2 Richard barographs 2 Richard thermographs 23 Mercury psychrometer thermometers 27 Mercury sling-thermometers 95 Toluol sling-thermometers 6 Toluol standard thermometers 6 Minimum spirit thermometers 6 Maximum mercury thermometers 2 Mercury thermometers with sling mechanism 2 Hair hygrometers 1 Thermometer-screen 1 Thermometer comparing apparatus 2 Hand anemometers 4, Nephoscopes 1 Rain-gauge with measuring-glass 1 Snow-gauge 6 Deep-sea thermometers 4 Boiling-point thermometers 4 Earth thermometers. ‘bo _H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. |2np. ARC. EXP, FRAM The physician of the Expedition, Dr. Jouan Svenpsen, took part in the examination and comparing of the instruments with the standards, before the starting of the Expedition, and made himself thoroughly fami- liar with their use in every respect. The death of the doctor in June, 1899, put a lamentable period to his work as chief Meteorologist of the Expedition. The Fram left Kristiania on the 24" June, 1898, called at Egedes- minde in Greenland on the 29 of July, left Godhavn on the 2°¢ of August, and Upernivik on the 5th of August.. On the 15% and 16* the Fram was at Foulkefjord, on the 17 at Cocked Hat, and the 18 and 19» at Rice Strait. At the northern inlet of this strait, the Expedition wintered from September, 1898, to the 23™ of July, 1899. On the 18* of September, 1899, the Fram reached the second winter- station (Havnefjord), which she left on the 9* of August, 1900. On the 18 of September the Fram was anchored at her third wintering station at the head of the Gaasefjord. She left it on the 12% of August, 1901, and arrived at the fourth and last wintering station in the Gaasefjord, a little farther from the head of the fjord, on the 5 of September in the same year. On the 21+ of July, 1902, the Fram left this ri On the 17* of August the Fram dropped anchor at Godhavn. Left Godhavn the 20. Passed Fair Hill on the 17'* of September, and reached Norway on the 19* of September, 1902. The meteorological observations on board the Fram during the years 1898 to 1902 were made in somewhat different ways according as the ship was under way or stationed at the different winter-quarters. As the latter constitute the majority, I shall first treat of them. PART I. OBSERVATIONS AT THE WINTER QUARTERS. The names of the winter quarters, their latitude and longitude, and the period of time during which the observations were made, bi- hourly, mean local time, are as follows: Latitude Place Longitude Stay | Rice Strait . . | 78°45.7'N. | 74°56.5‘ W.| 1898, Sept. 19 to 1899, July 24. Havnefjord .. | 76 29.4 84 3.7 1899, Oct. 28 - 1900, Aug. 9. Gaasefjord I. | 76: 48.9 88 39.5 1900, Sept. 18 - 1901, Aug. 12. Gaasefjord II. | 76 39.8 88 38.3 1901, Sept. 6* - 1902, July 21. ‘Mean 77 11.0 | 84 4.5 *1901, Aug. 13 to Sept. 5 in the Gaasefjord. 4, H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. The Barometer used in all the winter quarters was the Kew station barometer Adie No. 850. It was compared with the standard barometer of the Norwegian Meteorological Institute at Kristiania before starting and after the return of the Expedition. The constant correction to the true height of the barometer was found in 1898 to be — 0.042 millimetre; M.E. = + 0.13 mm. - 1908 - - —0.032 —»— » » £0.08, Mean — 0.037 —»— +010 =, M. E. is the mean error of a single comparison. The observations did not show any appreciable variation of the error with pressure. The observations have been reduced with a con- stant correction of — 0.04 mm. The barometer was suspended in the fore cabin with its cistern 2.8 metres above sea-level. The reduction to sea-level becomes -+ 0.285 mm. Constant correction — 0.037 _,, Total correction + 0.248 , From March 20 to April 20, 1900, the barometer was suspended in the aft cabin, at a lower level, the corresponding reduction to sea- level being 0.2 mm. less than that given above. The reduction to standard gravity has been computed by the for- mula Gravity correction = 6 (— 0.00264 cos 29), b being the height of the mercury, and @ the latitude. For 1898—1899 I have taken the gravity correction b and for the last 3 places b + 1.79 wen mm. 1898—1902. No. 4.] PRESSURE. 5 The observations given in the following tables have been reduced to 0° C., to the standard barometer (true barometric height), to sea-level, and to standard gravity (p = 45°, sea-level)?. At the head of the Tables is the year, the month, the name of the winter station, the latitude gy, the longitude 4, and the amount of the gravity correction GC. During the stay of the Expedition in winter quarters a barograph Richard was kept going. The very few omissions of observations of the barometer in the observation-journal have been filled in by means of the barograph curves. These are printed in italics. 1 As a spare barometer, the Expedition had the Kew station barometer Adie No. C. 768, the same that was used on the Fram’s Expedition of 1893—96. This instrument came back in an unserviceable state, its mercury having been taken out to be used for an artificial horizon for sextant observations. Happily the barometer Adie No. 850, with which the observations on board were made during the whole stay at the winter stations, remained in good order, and came back unchanged, as the comparisons in 1903 have shown. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. © “ygOE 03 yor , Lo'l9 Lrg be'z9 Lig Ea'z9 Si-z9 SL19 S19 | oF Ig 6z°19 tog L6-09 ol'ig . UBT 9°t9 beg of9 g'€9 L‘€g ato oto gto ~ @'Sg rsg L‘Sg oLlg 1°99 of o'g9 1°99. $99 9°99 L‘Lo S-Lo glo 6:Lo Lg9 0°69 €-g9 L-69 ool 6c 169 3°69 ool aol fol fot 3°69 Lé9 =|) S69 1°69 glo PEG eto ge L'S9 L99 ¥99 £99 9°99 +99 £99 6S9 | LSo 9°S9 oSg gto ££ Le 6°gS 829 ZzQ 3°09 6:6¢ 96S PLS SLE | Bos g9S ols ELS ogS 9 o-gS Sgs 9°8S oes o'6S 6°gS e'gs gils | OLS aL¢ LS HLS HLS Se L°-+s go LS 6'LS ols E-9S bce gts res | 2s red Gas 62S ors te o'09 6'Ss gLlS 9°gS 6°6¢ 9°09 erg fig | ire t19 rig g'09 S09 te L-6S org g6s g'6S 6S z6s $-6S 96S | 96S g 6s g 6s L-6S 96S ee gs $-6S €:6S 16S 9'eS ogs @ls LLS | gS OLS L*LS o-gS g9'gf Le bI9 Eg t-Eg So baaste) oE9 SSO S19 | slg L-og 6S r'gs Els oz 96S €6S 0709 L19 faq tz fob ze) iLs ' ofS Gee 61 | - ! ueoyy “IPUAL yor 8 is) ya? ye UOON yor 48 9 yP qe Aeq { + mur ooL “€6SL we Sgr += 99 IN IG ‘JeArT-VAS “M HS FL = y 'N OF gh = b ‘ens ary ‘roquiaydag “g68T ‘AaYNSS3Add PRESSURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] g9'09 9S-09 69°09 16°09 L6‘09 6g"09 L909 .6S:09 tg‘09 09°09 LS:09 1S'09 oS‘o9 uvdyl Z'sQ S19 L‘19 919 g:19 gI9 g'19 619 foe) €-zg Eg I'€g of rb fomete) ato L-E9 tt9 g't9 t-+9 6-E9Q gto gto gto o'f9 g'z9O Leg of zgs I'lg 6:09 €:09 S-6¢ Lgs gLSs pay AS) g9S 89S zo E-9S oLs 6z o'zg SLs orgs 1'6¢ L°6o S09 L'1g S-zg bE9 tg gSo fomsre) 6°S9 gz z99 1°99 ¥-99 L:99 8°99 8°99 t99 z99 9°99 LS9 6°S9 SSq 9°S9 Le. g'fo £9 So $So So 6'+t9 g'to o'€9 ££0 L-sg 619 I'lg €:09 gz I'9S S-6¢ 9°gS r'gS LLS rls S-9S 9°SS 64S €-+S ars ores ges Se oS oFS obs ofS $s gts FCS tS LS zgs E-gS b-6S S09 te £b9 o'zg gz9. axe) gto ‘to oto ato ato 6'€9 ome) 69 coh fe) bet] L-6s tare) S19 g:09 Z09 ¢$-6s 16S 16S L-gs $-gS 6-gS 88S 38S ou Q'I9 16S gos Z'09 S:o9 6:09 6:09 1'sQ foarte) g'z9 ate) fomcxe} oto Ig g°S9 gto oS 6S 6°S9 9°So 9°S9 0°99 £99 1°99 1°99 9°99 9°99. 0% 1°69 $99 6°99 t-Lo I°gQ 5°89 9°89 S69 6°69 Sol L-oL ops gil 61 Leh ok gral PEL orl Laan L+L uch gl gst eoL Sol Sol gr rch aol S-oL 9oL Sol 99L 9 SL och g tl E-bL gel o€L ool bx LoL rel gl gil gil Erb rol LoL gol 6°69 rol r'69 glo oe gto glo alo z'Lo 0'99 Sto bBo 9'€9 1'€9 £E9 EE9 tg oto Sr 68S gto 1'€g BsQ og I'zQ g6S orgs 6:9S to bs¢ tS ges br o-9S Les res EES ses bs ess 9SS 9S OLS 06S 6S Z09 €x $09 9°09 6'09 919 t19 Lig anne) 9°09 6:6 96S igs L-gS 66S cad ges 6°gS L-6S I'09 6°6S 96S 39S E-gS 6:LS PLS 6LS S-gS 9°gS Ir g6sS Lg 0°09 L-o9 L'lg I'rg I'lg g°09 $09 ¢-6¢ g7gS o-gS ols OL els gos ols SLS gils ols #LS L’LS als L-9S L:9S g'9S rls 6 rss rls ELS eks 6:9S sos L-s¢ abs 6-ES ses 62S bes Se 8 oes tS gES bs 6'+S Ss 6°ES ges ees ta LS rers g'oS L res gos 6:0S g'0S was Se ees oes Lbs ass oss FPS otS 9 wes ges ores L-2S gus gos SoS g'oS Hrs gs res ozs tes ¢ SoS Ses ozs 61s €1S L-o$ r'oS 9 6F L-6+ e6r S-6r S-6F 66+ f Hts SoS Eu Ess ees Les StS rg¢ ess z9S g'9oS oS 69S € 6-LS oLS HLS gis gls ogs RS gLls¢ ogs Pgs r'gS ogs tgs fe: S-09 9g 26S L-6S 1°09 S09 €-09 g'09 E19 gI9 1'sQ &-s9 Seo I uvdl PUA yor 48 y9 yh ye uoOoN yor y8 y9 q? ye keq + ‘wut ool ‘E6OSL ye Sgrr + 99 AD 3S ‘PAssT-vag “mM LS bl = y ‘nN Ob gl = S Weng oory 1999190 "8681 [2ND. ARC..EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 1€-09 €z-09 ot-o9 gt'og $S-09 69°09 LS:og bo:09 IL‘0g g6"6S S6°6S $6°6S LL‘6S ued 6:9L 9°08 tog I'0g | 9'6L gel I'gl 6oL ool oth gel gel bb of 6'r9 rol 8°89 6'Lo BLO €-99 oS to S-€9 fom se) b ar-te) E19 o'09 6z ozs Ege rls gss ers ges ers z'oS b6b 6-gh 6'gh esr L-gb ge OLS 6b oS 61S Les oss ols gels L6S L'19 6-29 L'¥9 L'So Le 6:Lo 9°99 LLo 069 $69 +69 £69 8°89 2°89 L-Lo L99 b-99 L‘S9 ge 09 gto o£9 L-sg roapae) I'lg $-6S 6Ls eg 69S 0:6 S-gS g°6S cz $69 L-og leq geo glo 0°89 +69 rib oh LéL bbl g tL QSL be tto gel bol zie 8°69 FLO L‘Sg oto tite) ges S-9S g-ss bss €z SQ oes 9S ELS €'09 fou-xe) ato o'99 alo S-Lo I'g9Q $39 Z'89 oe €-oL 9°89 0°69 069 £69 3°69 ool gol gol 6:0L Exh ool rol Ig oeL gael gel o€L PEL PEL Pet PEL Sb. r€L o€L Leb Sal o% £69 rel OrL gb rat $69 S69 6°89 z'g9 o'g9 99 9°99 bLo 6r ito z'99 I'99 g°So 99 1'S9 S-b9 S'€9 $E9 Lassxe) S:z9g I'sQ L:o9 gr ele "09 L-6s z6s 9°8¢ OLS els g9S g:9S ros 6S¢ Les g'€S Lr bus LS ges ges os gis ors ris ers g's G5 gis ors tobe o'gt ors ors gos €:0S L‘6+ ger LL? oLt ash oSb grr aby Sr Orr obp ribP Ger abr oer ger oer abr gr usp esr bob t1 eas) ELE ggh S-6+ zoS ous o-xS gos wes res LS gts Cbs €z S-6S S-+S L'SG 99S E-gS €-6S gos 1'0g rg B19 S'sO fore) 99g GI €-6S Beg bare) 919 S19 femele) 0°09 9°gS gLS rhs LoS bos SoS 2x 69S 99S S-9S 6°96 ELS @Ls g LS euc SLs o:LS zoS rg ess OL 92S girs PS rs ots EES or€S S-2S “eS SxS ors gos 16+ 6 L-Sb bgt g lr oor orb ott Cer Leb Ler 6er gsr oLr oroS 8 99S oes GSS 19S SLs 98S €-6S I'0g Z'09 L:o9 org gig S19 L sro ot9 S29 g'c9 1'€g 9't9 og 9:9 &S9 1°99 9°S9 $99 6°99 9 oS Ibg 6:99 L‘99 $99 0'99 r'Sg Sho Sto Ito I°€g z€Q S-zo s gos €z9 parte) g19 €19 g'09 L-6S ges o'gS eLs boS 19S gsc P Eg SSS SSS. 6ss LoS ols 9 LS E-gs S6S S‘o9 6:09 og big € I'09 E19 L‘19 big aig tog L-6S 26S r'6S 16S €-6S 16S S-6S z S19 96S B09 Log 6:09 rig rig B09 19 ee) Sz9 619 9'I9 T uo PUN qo 48 9 uP yz uooN yor yg 49 qv qe keq + ‘uum oof “€6SL yw Sgr+ = "99 1D IS jeaoy-eag “mM LS obL = y 'N Ob gh = Sb ‘yeNS aory ‘IaqW2AON “S68 PRESSURE. 1898—1902. No. 4:] zg'gS ge'8f 10°6¢ g1'6¢ oz'6S Zo6S Fo'6S FE6S gt 6S LL‘6S gl6s gl6s ue L-Sb Sh E-or tot zor oor Sh bSr rcp och ocr Ssh E-oF 1€ obs goth E-gtk L-6+ tas gs ges 6°+S SoS L‘LS 88S 26S £09 of g'6S g709 ZI9 t19 S19 S19 6:09 S-09 L-6S 6°gS gs 6'9S gss 6z gS Ss ors res gas ores 62S ores ees ges rhs ges brs ge Lees abs res bs rte ges res res 2S ours Eas erg zs Le rag 1S S16 eis ris es ors gos g°oS gos os org gros 9a L'oS LoS toS 66+ oroS o70$ L-6+ 96h zoS gros oS bes ges Se acs ozs wes obs Lbs ass bss ess 6-ss z'9S E-9S LoS 9'9S te Eg 6-96 zL¢ rLs TLS ks L-9S 1'gS L°Ss¢ g's oS Eao ess Se gts girs ors tS 6S rhs ots $s 6°+S ess ess I'9S 6-ES as ore 9'ss os ess rege SS res ats L:+s obs HES Les Les Ig 99S E-¢S 6s g-s¢ 6SS g'9S g9S OLS els PLS PLS LLS HLS oc E-9S S-LS 99S rg o9S gss 6-+S bess 09S o'9S SoS ols PLS 61 DLs eis eLs¢ Le HLS OLS gL L*L¢ oes zgs ages gs SLs gr regs glS o-gS gels &-LS rks 6-S¢ e-c¢ obs bes gies 61S g'6r Li E-oF o-6r ogb 6LY SLb 69h tor 6Sb ooh Sty oop gtr Gor QI 99h Gat Gat Ger och $Sb oLb OLb oroS bes rhs bss L-9S Sr L'19 gLls eos Z'09 S19 L'19 gig I'zQ bag o'€9 Sto gto omc) Fr o'sO of9 foMete) 9'%9 S29 gig E19 6°09 Z19 S19 ZeOQ t19 of er EFo E-E9 gto 9t9 of gto 6'to gto L‘to Eto I't9 abo foto) eI z'0Q S29 Seo . oz9Q L'19 IQ $09 L-6S ¢-6S 68S €-gS o-gS PLS IL gS o-9S ToS $e 6'+S res LS L‘6+ S-6r bos rms S-x1S G-xS or a6h 6:0$ zoS roS 6'6F 96h o6r get L-gh egth E-gb E-gb 9gh 6 S-ES L-gt 16+ €-6+ o'0S eis ors ores brs or9oS 6-LS 6S gI9 8 S:oL SEQ SS SLo L'g9 6°69 ork gil gal Sel PEL Ibh oSh L Leek abl g bl GEL 6EL Eel o€L tol Sol GS-rL SxrL orl tol 9 6'0L Sol tol €oL tol €-oL Col sol orl gil La ool rel S eel bol gel Leek gel oeL rel PEL QEL gel SL SSL gL + L-tL PEL L€L ebl oth rth abl orl g bl Lbh sol Sol gol € 9°08 Pat S-gL r°6L 6°6L tog €:0g g:0g 61g 2g S-sg bsg og S 818 wg reg 9'%8 wg o'%g 8'18 r1g S'1g 918 sg r1g org I uvayy PUN yor 48 9 y? qe uooN yor 48 49 q? qe seq ‘mut ooh “€6SL ye Sgr + = "OH 1D 3G ‘poaoT-vag “mM LS tL = y CN Ob gl = S ‘Wrens any ‘I9qM399q =‘gé68T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. gS'19 ISt1g 6L‘19 SL:19 gL19 69°19 LS'I9 || FS19 | 89°19 zLttg oS1g E19 =| Le19 uvay eZQ €19 | b19 Eso zeg S:z9 1'€9 9°€9 L-€9 $€9 z's9 b19 16S 1€ 9g S'gS | - ols oLs $-9S E-0S - Sig ols E-gS 96S bog g'I9 S€9 of LS9 St9 6°S9 3°99 tLo Lo 3°99 E99 £9 LSo o'S9 69 Sq 6c £-E9 of9 ato SEQ ofg fete) Lzg Latte) Late) 6:€9 tbo ato 6'E9 ge ot Beg 99 99 L‘€9 69 Leg Eto oS gto bho Eto gt Le 8°09 z€9 1'€9 6%9 leg 619 L-og L-6S 06S L-gs o'6S €-6¢ 66S ge La) 119 Leg bg "99 9°99 L-99 L-99 9°99 z99 £99 z'99 L-Sg Sz T'99 o'Sg r'99 S99 alg ilo 6°99 3°99 S-99 S-99 gto | So 6"b9 te og &S9 9'E9 Laie) Sg 919 Log g'6S z'6S 68S z’6S 06S z'6S €a fos €:6¢ L-6S o0'09 96S 6°65 g6S $-6S €-6S $-6S 6°gS E-gS zgs a ess og SLS a Ls g'9S €-9S oss bs r°bS ges oes g'€S c-EsS IS S-9S ses ges L-€S brs sss PLS o'gS tgs o0'6S S-gs E-gS ogs 0% obs rls gss OFS res gES SES aes oes ges ges SES ges 61 L-8S gts 6-SS E-oS ULs PLS ogS S-gS 96S 66S 6:09 o'zg r'tg gr org obo 6-b9 6-F9 $9 1'S9 S+9 Eto 1°b9 9'€9 Sq Carte) carte) Lr SS9 S29 ee) L-€9 tt9 L-t9 #9 0:99 3°99 6°99 zLo glo L-Lo QL £69 alo 6°89 ° 0°69 0°69 €-69 €-69 +69 S-69 9°69 3°69 zoL ool Cr 3°69 col zoL €-oL rol ool 9°69 ool €-oL L-69 9°69 z69 L'g9 Fr aSg 1°89 glo a Lo Ilo 1'99 L‘So L:‘to 6°€9 tE9 1'€9 of lo-z0) €r g'o9 I'lg 6:09 L'1g rig Log €:09 6°6S 109 €-09 Z'09 BeOQ 9°19 ox 1°S9 919 a9 Eto ES 6°S9 gsSo 1'99 +99 S99 6°99 og 9°99 Ir oSo9 £99 1°99 I'99 1'99 I'99 zSo oS gto 1'Sg zoSo I'S gto OL E19 Eto tbo L‘€9 E€9 69 og 6:09 E09 66S r'6S PLS OLS 6 9°09 LLS 109 z'gs 6'gS €:6S $6S 0709 ‘Ig big Lz9 feste) Sto 8 Sol gSo 6:Lo 9°69 gol orl ° Send gil Oak ae Peak euL gol L $69 zZoL S‘oL zoL 9°69 z'69 6°89 6°89 z'69 £69 z'69 $69 6:Lo 9 vz9 glo L-99 L-So tbo o'€9 tao g'I9 z19 6°09 S-6s args ELS ¢ Ls als toS o9S oss 6'SS bof gLS tgs L-6S 9'gS ELS E-9S $ gis Ses ges 90S LoS L‘6b 96h g'0S ges ges 62S 62S bes € EES gs gS girs g'zS EES ere gts ass 6s ots 62S E-2S z ult gos zoS S-6h Sgt Sue Lob cor oSh | Deb gbb oS rs T ues “IPUA yor q8 y9 rad ye uooNn yor ys 9 yP qe seq 10 + mur ooh “€6SL ye Sgr + = 99 iQ IS ‘feAaT-vag “wy {LS ol = 'N 9? 84 = & “WeNS sory ‘Aaenue{ ‘6681 11 PRESSURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] Se-S9 S69 LL‘€9 gl Eo eho trEg I1'€9 96°%9 “BorEg 66°c9 06°%9 16°c9 98°<9 uvoyl tel L'rg 6°08 L-0g bog S-6L o6L gL ell 6oL ool O+rL SL ge e+h ol oth rebh orl rbh obL SFL oth gl Lbk 6-+L tre Le 6+L rch oSl rsh rsh rsh 6-FL oSL 6-rL gL grL girl L+L 9c 6EL ork L€L GEL abe gel Q EL gL gel L€L GEL Terk abl Sa PSL ol Lh eSL SSL L'SL esl SSL SSL SSL g'SL g°SL ESL ta gol QSL ool tol gol 6-9L DLE LLL ol ull PLL oLl rol €% S +L Sol tol rol L°SL 9SL EL rbl L€L SEL rel gol fol ot ool rel 61h ea Crk gol ool €:69 1'69 6°89 8°89 I'g9 0°89 Id S-So ELo bLo 6°99 6°99 o-Lo 0°99 9'S9 fom ze) obo gto bEQ ZsQ foka1 g7oS Z19 L-09 0709 €-6S E-gS rks 19S ah Pt¢ ges o€S L-2S 61 g'oS Sas oss 61S “Esa BixG, os 6°0S g'oS o'oS C:6r €-6b €-6r gl L-gt L-6F L-6+ L-6+ €-6r sgh a gr rer gilt gilt ELy gt €-6r Li S-6F b6Or ToS 6:0S 6°0S SoS ToS o'0S Q'6h r'6F beh go lh oLP 91 oor E-gt 6S+r PCr gtr SEF ber Ger ost L:Sb Lot alt ogr Sx 62S oroS €-0S ois gS 61S Ess Ses obs $s ess LS rs Tr ris Ges Ses ges 61S S-rS goS eos gos goS €-0S 6'gr oer €1 elt 6-9F r'gt L:Sb ash ESP LSP Sot L'gh o'o$ ors gis 61S cae er Les EES res eS gee gos bos toS tos zoS Qo 6F €-0S uy es z'oS FoS Las SS aes E-+-S oS $s obs 6:bS girs 6S ol ges L-€S es ees ses res ers LoS €a1S 62S g rs HLS g6S 6 I'99 €19 of9 gto o'Sg oS9 z'99 099 L‘99 bLo 89 L-69 Loot. 8 Sb gil eel Sth SL €-oL Sol L‘oL 6-9L L-oL tol gst QSL L 9°39 eel bol wil bol €:69 $390 ELo L-99 g'S9Q zSo Z'99 S-Lo 9 0°69 oto 6°89 z'69 6°69 €-oL zoLl sol orol S69 1'°gQ 1°69 6°89 £ 8°89 z69 9°89 0'g9 &-Lo tLo L-99 L-99 oLg uLo 9'Lo £89 0°69 iy blo $69 rol 9°69 1'69 €'g9 L‘Lo alo 9'99 6'S9 $So Sto L't¥9 & F909 r°s9 g'so 0°99 9°99 ¥99 199 z'99 $°99 9°99 699 SL 699 z 9'S9 1'g9 9 1°89 6:Lo 1°99 199 L‘S9 oS9 9'b9 cae) tz 2°) I ueayl PIN yor q8 49 q? ye uooNy yor u8 y9, gq? qe keq + ‘wut ool ‘C6SL ye SGI + = 99 Bra) 4S ‘"PAsT-2Ig “M Shh = y 'N OF QL = H “wens sry ‘Aaeniqay “6681 [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 12 PLL POOL Eg'bL t ebbh sg bl Ig bl 69°tL zg'tL Eg rh 9g FL LgtL glrk gL tL ues $SL ool ol 61L Vek ol 6bL LSL 6-9L €-gL o'6L €-6L 6'6L 1€ o'0g S-og €1g big &1g og bog 00g o'0g S-6L ool igh SLL of ark L-oL ol g'SL ash +L I'bh PEL SEL rel Leal Gal Sek 6z Lk wok Gel eel rel 61L S'rL bulb gil Garb oil 6'oL G1L ge wrk rol €-oL Fol LoL gol tol €oL LoL 6'oL Leh 6aL ohh Le 90g o°bL 6°SL PLL 6'gL 6°6L 3°08 61g arte) a'€g seg abg L:+g ge 9°48 €Sg 1°98 6°Sg S-og S-9g oSg atg gfe reg 1'€g 32g 92g Se oes abe stg zg reg 82g 9°28 Sag 9g og 9g L€g L-€g ve srg org 1'tg bg otg zcg $3 6'€g o'bg Eby r'sg Eg 9°Sg &z 9°68 o16 1:06 z06 9°06 6:06 o'l6 g'06 S:06 L:6g $99 9g Sg ZS €-6L beg bsg b1g og g'6L o6L gel gel agl gill oll oll Is SL gol L-+L SL aad +L abl oth o'Sb eSL pSL S-oL SLL 0% g'0g ogh r'6L S-6L 10g g'0g lig ig bg beg Lig gg 62g 61 L-€g 1rég zg stg bEg 9g gfg r'bg bre 1bg o'bg og ag gr bag 67g zg beg l'eg I'eg L‘1g 61g Soy katte} Seg 1'ég e€g Lx €'0g Leg o-zg zg bag 9Q'1g 9'0g L‘6L g'6L o6L SgL gill E-oL gli 6EL Sb L-+L oth or€L Gael rel Leek EL gel ESL rsh ESL SI SEL QSL rol tol €-oL +L $bL 6°EL eéL Sel 6oL 669 z'89 tr tbo alo 6°S9 bo r'Sq abo beg g'f9 atg 69 g'€9 acto) o'E9 €r S19 L-zo 69 absxe) og 97z9 parte) E19 rig L:o9 0-09 L-6S L-gs er g ls org rg args mgs gils GLS ELS Ls oLs 6°90 LS HLS II tgs L-LS o-gS Legs 6-gS 6S 6°9S 88S 99S E-gS 6-LS ogs 6:LS or 309 o-gS o'gS Pgs 68S S-6S I'09 $09 €19 arse) fo tbo tto9 6 S-z9 gro gto So So gto Ero [azele) I'cQ 6°09 €:6S 6:LS bLS 8 1°09 99S iss 9S z9S PLS S-gS L:6S 9°19 I'€g L'tg 9'S9 L‘99 L bol L:g9 rob LoL Erb oeLl el bel géL gel SbL GPL g rl 9 9 9L SSL €-oL Sol 9'9L 9°9L ehh 69L whL LoL 99L ogL 6-9L ¢ gSb LoSL zol Sol o'goL QSL SSL L‘SL es CSL ool omey LSL + LLL ool tol LoL eB, bLL oll ogL $gl S-gL S-gL S-gL 6-gL € L-og $-6L S-6L 6°6L L6L g'6L 6-6L 0g L:og S1g SSQ Leg Lag z bre beg org osg ase g'tg 0908 9'tg stg org otg S€g S-sg I ueayl “IPUAL yor Arts) y9 yP ye uooN yor 48 q9 yt ye keq tum ooL “€6SL ye Sgr+ = "959 “IN 3G oAsT-waG “mM LS ohh = y 'N OF gh = b “Hens so1y ‘yore = “668T 13 PRESSURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] 1°99 61°99 £99 or'99 gr99 9$"99 L¥-99 98°99 89°99 tL-99 99°99 Lo’99 bro9 uve ibe r'0g Laxele) €-09 $6S gS aLs E-9S g's gts Es ges girs of I'09 or9S 99S S-gS 6S €-09 Lig Lig Szg Satz) ozo zg 96S 62 l'sgQ bog €09 96S o'6S I'0g 6:09 fou fe) Sg I'bg gto I'Sg $-So fold glo SSo $99 $99 alo r'Lo blo L‘Lo 3°89 L'g9 $69 9°69 L‘69 Le LoL L:69 fol gol 6:0L r4xl Pre €uL SrL toa rerk E-oL $69 9c af9 glo 6°99 0°99 gto Eq SeQ S19 6°09 6°09 0'09 $09 og Se o'fg 919 619 sO bo 9'%Q 9°z9 Leg bEg 6'€9 E'to S-F9 tbo be £99 S'b9 tae) E-bo otg bo 9'S9 9°99 Flo 6°89 6'g9 &g9 &g9 Se rib 1°69 0°69 L-69 zoL gol gol rid SL gil Luk Lik gil Ss Garb gil ork 61L ook 61L LL LoL Sul orl LoL Sr $69 Ie a Lo Lg9 9°89 zg9 glo alo 6-99 +99 £99 6°S9 1°99 6:99 &-Lo 0% PSL 1°89 L‘69 giol gal ork 6SL rll zgh L-gL S6L g'6L S6L 61 S-6L S:og g'0g 9'0g 9'0g 60g S-og 1L'0g L‘6L 6gL Sa oLL Sol gr PEL rol 6°SL ESL Srl oth HEL Gal bel 61L giol S4L bul Lr Gol orl rel rel bel gel bel 7 LoL Gal rel Gal ool 91 Leek £36 gel 6°EL Get Beeb o€L Gal gel bel bub erk LoL Sr Lok g'oL ab €'oL Sol vol 6°69 gol LoL PIL ere ere ork ups url oil orl brl SL Saul bark E1L SxrL Suk erik orl £69 €1 L’S9 S69 +69 z'69 6°39 L'g9 Lo 6°S9 Sho atete) L'19 9:09 +6S Sr L-gS "gs 6-LS o*L¢ zeLs rL¢ ols gL 9°gS s'6S 1°09 Lrg Lig hae E-Lo 9'%9 S*€9 1'Sg 1°99 ‘Lo tLo I'g9 9°89 069 L:69 6°69 6°69 Or 1°69 9°69 6°69 L69 6°69 b69 0°69 9°89 $g9 S89 9°89 L'g9 ='g9 6 6:Lo z'89 6:Lo I'g9 €g9 €g9 6:Lo S:Lo S-Lo blo tLo S:Lo z'89 8 L:Sg 6°99 S99 Z'99 Z'99 fomste) $Soq $So Sg tg bog $Sq gto L Ze r'Sg 6'b9 9't9 tbo g't9 oto z'ég L:zo 619 S19 I'ig GS-09 9 r'gS g'6s boc 06S 06S 6°gS S-gs ogs OLS gl ols boS oss ¢ Les 6°bS ots gES FES EES ores res oes ges ges rts L+S + r'gS r'g¢ o'9S E-9S ols $b LS gels gS 06S $6S Exele) S:o9 9°09 € S‘bg E19 I'eQ g7z9 Eq Ltg Ero gto SS 6'S9 6'S9 alo &L9 G 9°89 SL9 LiLo 6:Lo 1'g9 z'g9 +89 S89 169 +69 9°69 £69 3°69 I ueeyl PUN yor 48 9 q? ue WOON qor yg u9 yu ae seq ‘uur ooL =“€6SL ye SBI4+ = "OD AD IS ‘eaeT-vaG “mM LS ohL = y N Ob gh = 4b “ens aor ‘Tady ‘6681 [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 9199 80°99 F1'99 be-99 92°99 $299 91'99 gr'99 61-99 &a-99 €1-99 Lo-99 6°S9 $°So &S9 S*S9 LSo 8S9 g'S9 1°99 0°99 =99 z'99 z99 Eo 6Sq ~ I'99 | 6S LSo 9'S9 SS9 $SoQ Sq” $Soq gto E#O ! S:zo oto $Eq I'€9 S-z9 Z'SO 6°19 gig pareze) eo 619 l'sgQ : gto 6z9. S-E9 abo Sto L:t9 6-t9 z'Sq baste) L:Sg g'S9 Sq 629 _ 69 gto S-to gto tq 6'%9 foarte) o'z9Q 619 S19 o E19 I'og org oon) fosae) g'09 S09 0709 L-6S 96s . L‘6S 6S €:6S s-6s | Legs 98S E-gS Ses 88S e'gf 6-gS 66S 0°09 L-og aig I'to pate) o'€9 Lg tbo gto gto L-t9 6-+9 gto bo E-tg ESo SEQ €Eq SEQ 69 tbo L:t9 oSg €S9 E99 o'Lg o'g9 gol 9°89 z'69 L-69 ool Sol Fol ork CrL gil Crk gil z'69 Sol ZoLl ool g'69 $69 1°69 1°69 1'69 6°89 3°89 o'g9 glo SLo glo 6:Lo _1'g9 I'g9 1°99 z'89 6:L9 L-Lo tLo S'Lo 8°99 alo L-99 9°99 Fo9 £99 F-99 alo ul 6:99 9°99 8°99 S-g9 ilo ilo par ae) E-Lo S-Lo glo z'89 L-g9 169 L:69 6-oL eeh gil ool bol Leb Gel ael bel LL Leh oth Q EL obh TRE ete etl obh bre orl 6+L Sh trl ob orl 6'oL CEL Tek S:eL Sol 61L LoL Sol ool ob £69 6'g9 i tt glo E-Lo glo alo 9°S9 oto =) SEQ 6z9 S29 wsQ Lit ! S09 Z'09 1'09 L-6S $6 F6¢ S6o 7 bas $09 t-09 a9 foarte) | L-69 gto I'99 glo = 69 g'69 ~ gol | Sak 61L ool oel gol rol S-oL zoL rol ool 6°69 6°69 6°69 esol bol eal, 93°69 €-oL Sol Fol ob orl re oul €-oL tol tol 9°69 ¢-69 £99 1°89 glo LLo S'Lo 6°99 Log | G99 8S9 #9 6't9 peas) g7z9 S-z9g bzo gz9O 6:79 6'c9 679 | Leg 3°s9 L:sg oe) og i 6:09 EEO oo fomete) Sag L'19 9°09 | £-6S Lgs 6'gS €-6¢ rL'09 zo L-o9 S:09 6°09 L't9 SQ Lg | rEg featste) ztg ob oxe) g'So 1'g9Q a'to Sto zSo £99 €Lo o'g9 _ 0°69 9°69 . 6°69 €-oL ork : SEL ool Leek rel SEL rhe obL | €:+h bere reel 6EL oeL : £69 bel rel gil tol 6':0L rol | £69 Z'89 Z='89 gilo €-99 | 6°19 L‘Sg LS 6't9 o'tg Leg fg S19 GS-09 S-6s 06S 9'gS i EOS a‘gs 6-LS g'Ls g LS o'gS 6-g¢ Zz 6s £09 bog 0'09 bog ; | ; ifs ; uray PUN yor ys. 9 y? ye | uoOoN yor 8 19 qt + ‘wur ool “€6SL yw Sgr + = "9H “IN IG ‘PAsoyTvag “my {Lo ob = y N OF gL = S -yeNs sory ‘API “6681 15 PRESSURE. og'LS S6-LS rrgS gogS Fo-gS 16LS o6LE |, St-gs bags | gigs | EorgS Lg Ls 6'E9 L‘€9 L‘€9 L'€g L€9 ot - Ito Fo Ltg gto gtg- Eto 9'to Eto Eto ato ato tg I'kg L’€9 Eto 6'%9 619 Colm fe) €-09 g'6s I'09 r'gS LLS ELS Ls rls L:9S rls E-9S FL SL 66S Z'19 weg 1&9 1't9 sg 9°99 9°99 8°99 L99 gso. L'tg S‘t9 ato L'Sg Lz 619 €19 F119 b19 g'09 66S L:o9 S-z9 6°€9 o'Sg 1'Sg z'So SS9Q I'99 Rages) 1'Lo S‘Lo. t-Lo L‘99 €'99 €-99 0°99 g'S9 zag L-tg E:t9 E-bg E-F9 Lancto) o'€9 Leg f29 SSO gi9 6°19 9°19 L-og I'09 L-6S r'6S 1'gs els o'gs ols gLls o-gS LLS rg HLS ELS 9g S-gs feels o'6S 88S S-gS 6LS gls PL ols L-9S boS zoS 9S s'oS E-9S €E-9S z9S E-9S boS zo o'9S pes res oS¢ Les Lvs ges oes Eas oes ozs o-1¢ bers rig o1s tr L-o§ g'oS €oS 6'6r 61 9'6r L-6r 96h S-6b z6h 1'6r eer L:gt o'er bet GLY SLy gr Lt Sob lot E-Sb g br get oer oer gar bob Ger Sop Li gat reh ber ger bP Obr ag eSb oSb lor gsr ost OL PCr ocr osr ad orb Shr L'by Libr bSr gsr gsr 6Sh Sr “or Lot PLP Luk 6Lt Ser o'6r F-6r ooS I'oS €:0S Gof FI o-oS g'oS ers Capes} eis gos 6:0$ bre S-1¢ bus gis 61s | €r res Gee Les 6s ores res bes ots bs obs ers oro SI gES ges Les ges EES PES | gS HPs ess gsS o'9S zZ'9S Li zL¢ als Gis LL €-gs L:oS 99S g9S r9S $cc 6'bS ots OL e-Eec ores 6:zS Les ges ES res Ee gas 6S ges ors 6 o-9S ogs 6:6S Lig 6"s9 g'f9 Ito o'Sg £9 aso 6't9 +9 8 o'tg 99 EQ 6°29 69 Té9 Eg 6°E9 oSg 3'So 9°99 alo L blo g:Lo 6:Lo zgo |} 189 glo . Slo FLo €99 6:99 L'99 ='99 9 CCQ LSo 9°S9 ESo esq aSg | aSg ag esq tSog 6 t9 L-¥9 S L’t9 Lito gto gto Sto bho | sttg fous ore) Cae sXe) of 1'sgQ zg + S'09 0:09 96S 26s 06S 9g i Lg €-6s 3°09 t-09 vI9 Z'eQ € €tg tbo zSg 0°99 6:99 glo | S-go 169 369 z69 z'69 o'69 a $g9 LLo €-Lo 6:99 S99 S99 - | E99 z'99 ae) L-Sg Sq €-9 I I PAL qo! 48 49 uf We uoON yor us 49 q? qe 3 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] + uur ooL “€:6SL yw Sgr+ = OD IN IG ‘Paay-wag “mM {LS bl = Y N 9b 8 = S ‘wens aory ‘aunf “6681 [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 16 “pate O} qsl , gr‘9S o1'9S o€9S eb-oS 6b-9S gS'oS SoS gl-oS gg°9S 1679S 6g°9S SL‘9S , UBT g's bas gis ors rms be o:oS LoS g'oS S*oS g'oS b:oS r'oS g'6r 6-6r gor 96h z'6r 16h €e g‘o$ gh 06h z6b g'6r z'oS SoS LoS ris PIS oes res Ges oe ges S-zS gizs ges 6ES 6-ES obs €-+S +S ers rhs res bes Ie LoS ores ges ges GeS Les 62S Ses gies Ses €-ES SPs 6+S oa ols rss Les 19S v9S 39S es SLs bLS gLls ogS ages bs 61 gL r'gS r'gS ages r°gS o'gS 6:LS oes o'gS LL 69S L-gS 9S gr obs oss grs ES 6S bes E-bS gobs Ibs 6S SES SEs Les Li ses o'ES Les L-2S ess ses oes ges L-€S o' FS rhs ars rs QI g9S rss 6°SS €-9S L:9S g9S 69S 99S rhs SLs gs 6:LS r'gS St SSS o'gS gLls 6°LS SLs gos SoS oss rss brs aes res Ls ti Lgh ZoS ogPr I'gh 6LY LLY bgt PLY r'6b o-6h 96h 96h L-6¢ €1 ger €-6P b-6r 96h S64 L:gb Sgt gr rgb oer 6LP €-gh L-gt aL zoS ger b6r 66+ o'o$ 66+ oof €-0S gros LoS ors 6°0$ L:oS IL ses ors 61S wes gies bes GES Les Es L'+S 6s rss girs Or 99S bss gs 6s o'9S o'9S wos SoS 6-0S PLS ogS 6LS wLS 6 6S LLS o'gS E-gs 06S $-6S 96S 96S GOS 66S 6°09 9°09 €:09 8 06S Z°09 L'0g 96S L-6S €6S gs gS S+gS begs tgs S-gS zgs L 88S $gS L*LS oes mgs r'gS gS rg ges L-6S 06S g6s L-6S 9 g19 o"09 96S 9°09 rg BI, 619 1'eQ Leg 9'z9 EQ z'€9 at 5 S'€9 of9 g'9 LEQ aasXe) gf lank) b EQ gto gto 6°€9 gto 6°€9 + g'So 1'kg abo 9't9 o'Sg $Soq LS9 o'99 S99 3°99 saa re) E-Lo "Lo € SL glo glo g'Lo L‘Lo o'g9 6'Lo bLo S:Lo za Lo r'Lo 6°99 L:99 z Esq 6°99 o'Sg L-Sg SO laacte) 9'$9 SS. g'S9 So gto ato ato 7 Uva “IPUA yor 48 49 yP ye uooNn yor 48 y9 y? ye Aeq + uu ooL ‘€6SL ye Sgr + 99 ID 1S ‘AsT-v9g mM LS ohL = yy ON OP BL = S “HENS sory ‘Ain{ “6681 17 1898—1902. No. 4.| PRESSURE. “ysTE 0} qyhe , 11gS LDLS pS ay Bs 66°LS orgs Se-gS g1'gs gigs Se-gs gigs go'gs LEgS Bogs , URI 6S gS bys g's 69S S-gS L-6S S09 E19 g19 g'z9 9&9 gto 1€ soe Ze) Eto gto 1°S9 aSg aso L-t9 g'to S-b9 tg 6 E9 ribo go of 69 r'€9 2 to S-€9 bEoq Zé 1'€g foM-te) Sz beg bag L-zg 6°19 6c +09 6'19 €-19 b19 $19 Z19 L‘og bog o0'09 ¢-6¢ z6S 9'gS isgs gz gss 6LS gls oa Ls oLS 99S o-9S g-c¢ rss oss E--S 6-Es Les Le ass gES bes oes 62 62s oes 62s 62S oes Bes ose oS Qe Lec ers g'ES 6-ES L-€S gies gS sec LéS ges es BES ges Sa e-cs ses ces abs +S g'tS ors ess og 6°S¢ 9°SS L-o$ 16S te 2g +-6S g'09 €zo of geo g't9 a uvoyl PUN yor ys 9 yr ye uooN, yor 18 y9 qt ye keg + ‘wut ool ‘gthhL ye SLi4+ = °* 59) 19 1S ‘seT-veag “mM ,t obs = y ‘N Oe oot = & ‘prolyouaryy ‘1990990 ‘668T | [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. Legs Eb-gS Lg'gS glgS 1g°gS 6L-gS LS-gS LE-gS SE-gS oz'gS tags SE-gS zo'gS ueay 9°09 E09 €:09 S:09 S09 9°09 9°09 Z'09 L-o9 S09 S09 Ig org of &'09 8°09 1g €19 Log bog g6S 0°09 S-6S 96S 0°09 g6S 66S 6c 919 o"09 og E19 Lig leg oz9 pax-fe) Leg o'z9 glo L19 L-19 ge E29 org 919 Q'I9 I'eQ S-z9 SQ g's9 oto g7z9 Lg gz pare) LS Z'6S S19 o'1g g709 I'09 g'6S 06S b-gS ols ols 6LS o7gS og 9c €-€9 E-gS 6S t09 org sar-ze) of9 oto oSg gS9 1°99 olo E-Lo Se Sq S-Lo S:Lo Lo S99 099 9°S9 o'S9 Eto Eo Lzo foe) fosske) be gto of Leg of zEq 9°€9 fomste) Eto gto S-¥9 gto S-+9 1'bg fe abo 6'E9 org fomcre) 6E9 gto gto L‘€9 gto obo gto 1'S$g bo tid €-ol S99 bLo $39 €69 2*ob gol Cua 61k oel gil 61L ioek Is $39 ork L-oL vol 6°69 169 Z'89 6-Lo glo 6:99 3°99 £99 L’Sg oc S'b9 6't9 Sto Sto r'to Ito L‘€9 6'€9 E-+9 6-+9 6'bo ESQ Sq 61 alo 6°S9 s'99 9°99 6°99 I'Lo o'Lo E:Lo S:Lo glo 6:Lo $99 6:Lo gr abo 6'Lo C:Lo &Lo z'09 9'S9o bto Lo I'sQ L't9 S19 $19 619 Lt E-9S o'19g org €:09 o'09 r'6S 2'gs €-9S rss bes oss o-oS get QI ber L-ot 6br Qeh Leb Gob oir L-ot bib Ort oer eSb gor or gts zgt fot gS Bes rts P+ eS 9S #Le ogs €-gS zgs tr 6:LS z'6S b:09 s'09 6°6S 6°6S 96S S-gS HLS 6Ss g-ss SPS Les €1 S-1$ Les gras bes Eas gus sus g:oS L‘oS L-oS gos rrs ers Sr 6S gt oes GS-es gas oes res ses ees Es ses c-e¢ ces Ir obs ges ges Les LSS ces ges L‘€S ots obs Ss girs gts or 19S 6S ess s-cs L’ss SSG ess zoS LoS 69S ols oL¢ 99S 6 9°98 99S S-9S zoS zosS 2’o° bo S-9S gos o Ls ols LoS SoS 8 Ors LoS oLs 6°96 SoS o-9S ores girs brs Less Ss Lees res i o-oS 3S bis gioS g'0S oo S-6F €-6h 6+ 16+ 6b €-6+ gor 9 Tes €-o$ 6°0S gs bees Les anes g'€S ors bs g'bS 6°bS Ss S 6°ES Ere ibs L-+S Lbs PHS aes Les ges oes res EES SES + Les ges bbs esc Ess ess Cbs SES Les 62S 62S was bas € zo gas obs res E-9S els els €-LS ELS r9S 99S gLs ess z L'+s SoS ToS o9S 6:Ss SS ers res LES SEE ees oes ES r ueoy “PUN yor q8 yo yP ye uoON qol q8 49 yP qe Ae + ‘wut ool ‘ohhh ye SL + "oD IQ IS ‘PAeT VS “Mm ,t ots = 7 ‘JQqWIZAON 668T ‘N 6c ,9L = 4 ‘psoljouary {9 PRESSURE. 1898-1902. No. 4.] S619 6L'19 gg19 0c'ZOQ gt'zo gezo IzzZgQ So'eg 96°19 Lore €L'19 Sto 6b'I9 uve Ig 2b réL girl PLL €-6L 9:08 a€g Sbg 3'Se 9°98 glg 16g ré 26g 6g +-6g 3°68 €-16 6°68 9°68 9°68 0°68 $98 $99 o'8g S-Lg of 2Sg ogg ele o'Lg €-9g L-Sg gts gre Lg org g'eg g eg Lg 6¢ L-og bEg r'€g 9'%8 Sag 9% S19 Z'0g 6°6L z'6L egL gill gill Qe gol igh E-gL zgl OLL S-gL SgL gLL gill ool ech seb Sol Le 6°89 g:oL gol rib bIoL erik 6°69 L:69 +99 3°99 I'99 L*S9 aso 9s 9°09 zSq L‘Sg 3S9 So 6'€9 9°z9 9°09 E-gS S-9S L-vs vrs Pes Se res brs ores aes 6S res ges res res Les 62S ges g'2S be eis obs ees gos boS 6°0S LLS o-gS z6S 16S z'6S 36S a6 ez 26S L-6S g6S 09 I'0g 66S €-6S 06S 6°gS ges 9S 6Ls g Ls oe gts LoS E-9S o'9S ess 6+ bs ots Ses mks wes eee SES IS 0'09 Es bss g 9S gLls 68S r'09 6°09 gr9 S29 g'€9 6°E9 I'bg foXod 69 €-F9 g't9 o'Sg zSo 1'SQ 6't9 L-tg L-vg 1'Sg ESo Eso 6't9 61 So Leg S't9 gto ato fomete) SEQ barcxe) Eq o'€9 of €2q ozo gi +-6S Lap as) L:o9 tog 66S S$-6S 16S 88S 98S L-gS omer S-gs E-gs Li a'gs 6LS. wes “ge S-gS 98S ops: S-gS S*gS zgs ages Lbs zLs gI g'SS 6'9S 99S S:9S 99S g'sS rss oss L-+S gts oss ass gts Sz z9S Lanes} Lvs ass L:s¢ eof E-9S zo E-oS L:gS 69S OLS 9°gS br €-6S 6S I'09 9°09 I'lg O19 g'09 6S zZ6s E-gS ELS za Ls rls oa 6°SS zo ass 6-+S Ls girs brs Lbs ass E-9S OLS r'gS €-6S _&I S-gs 66S 6S 6S +-6S €-6S L-gS 9°gS o'gS als als aLs Ls II +6S bLS 6-LS z'gs Lgs 6S g°6S z'09 €-09 L-og £09 €:09 L‘6S Or L-€S €-6S 6'°gS E-gS LLG g9S gss LéS Ss g'0S 6-gh oLt 9Sb 6 ost Orb Shr ght gbr usb esr SSP oSb oSb S:Sb bor L’Sb 8 SEP Lbb L-bh L-tr Eby abr ger eer ber gor fab Ler gir bs ooh git oor Ser ubt oSh Sor rot alt SLY OLE LLY LL¥ 9 62S 6OLb o’gh 96h bos ers Ls ores bs oss gos SLS S-gs S EQ €-6S 109 org 619 tar te) Sg o'fg t'to tto t99 oLo L‘Lo + eal £°g9 S69 ork eiul Loh gil 61k 61k 6uL ook 61k brh € alo orl Sol Sol col 1°69 189 rlo L'S9 9'bo $E9Q Sg S19 z E09 9°09 $09 tog $09 £09 €-09 r'0g pacers) I'09 €-09 $09 €-09 I ueayl PIN yor y8 49 uP ye uOON yor yg yo qh qe Aeq + ‘wlul ool ‘Orr je Sr ae 99 “ID IS ‘PAT eS “MY oPB = Y 'N 62,9L = S -psoljouaepzy ‘19qW399q ‘668T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. ‘Arenuef{ ‘OO6I eSec Sg°SS su-ss Lg‘ss Zess cess 6a°SS rts ess 2S-SS rbSs ues 9°69 S:Lo 0'g9 E-g9 3°89 3°89 6°89 +69 rol S-oL ok 61k trl re 1°69 vrl Sond Eek Lone bil gol L-69 89 S-Lo E99 ESQ S'Eg of res Ze bog S-gS S-9$ Ls oes e1¢ oro g'gt oLt Lb vl? 6 €-6h ulp a Lb go lt o-gt o'er gar ger +-6h FoS ors 61S ees ge €°6S brs bse z'9S rls gLls E-gs 96S S09 I'lg Lzo ito Eto Le OLED 1'$g oSo gtg So f£9 oto Z'sO og 36S S-gS Legs r*gS ge 9S Ls ols g9S 99S 9S r'gS r'gS zZgS S-9S 69S ELS 6Ls Se T'gS L:gS gS Lgs 9°98 9S o'gS 6LS S-LS gs g'lS 6-LS rgS be s-6¢ begs o'6S F-6S 36S g6s g'6S 0°09 z'09 1°09 g6S 6S pgs Sz aes ELS L-9S Lc 6+ OES gies ozs LS $s os bof €-0f feta g6r €-0S LoS gos ors gos ro gos 9'6F €-6+ L:gh o'gh oLt lz oh Sob g'Sh Sh Sb ger EE Er Ib ott gh bot Sof oz 66h gilt 9g? 6+ €-6+ 66+ 9'6+ oo $oS 0S 6'0S 31S ters 61 ES gis ges ees L-€S ges 6S abs ose gs gs 19S b9S gi L-gs g ls OLS Sgs z6S 16S 16S 16S 9°gS L-gS 16S L-gS 9°gS Li OLS a'gS zgS 9S €-gS r'gS ELS 6-98 r'9S 6S ass g'SS esc or rs gs EQS ols gls zgS zgS zgS E-gS tgs E-gS 9°gS 6-LS cr 9° UL g:9S oS €-9S L:S¢ rg¢ oS ots bbs rss SS gs +r 6gS gss Los r'gS 98S 6S | g'6S I'09 L-og 0-09 1'09 96S ges et rss rg S-LS 99S rot bss Us oS GES ees @ re ors obs oI res obs abs Es Ets obs Les bes res oes oes €u1¢ gros II LES S-0S rers Crs Ss gis ses 6°ES LS acs Less 99S als or +-6S agS g°9S 6S z'09 6S 6S g°6S 36S 6S g'6S $-6S 16S 6 gi bs gS glS glS a'Ls S9S bss L+s Les Les gis ers gioS 8 06h g'6b L-6+ o°6r €-6+ z6b 06+ z6t o6+ 6Lt S-gb o'gt Ligt L OLr ger o'6h 69h o6h ggr Sgt oer r'gt ELb L-ob ocr pcr 9 orp rsh och gibr grr oer Ser ber ber ber Ser Ser gtr & abr ger L’+ ott g’eh Ser Ler abr ger Ebb ooh PSP ost + 61S L’S¢ gor oLb oat g' 6h ZoS oes bes 6'FS SES E'gs LgS € P19 6'gS L‘6S Z'09 3:09 L:o9g 3709 sg Lig Z'eQ ato LEQ zbo zc ¥'Lo 6:9 $So E99 6°99 E-Lo 6°99 b Lg Lo 0'g9 3°89 0°69 fol I uvoyl PUN yor q8 49 qh. ye uooN yor nt) 9 q? ye keq + uw ool ‘gthl yw SLi + = -O9 AN 3S PAST BIS “M obs = 7 N 62 9 = A ‘psoljauary 2h PRESSURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] gi'lo 98°99 St-lg Selo za'lo 60'L9 to'lo z1'lo 6a'lo ga' lg ge-Lo gzlo za'Lo uvayy €or 9°9S res g:oS S-gb 69+ Lot oLlb E-gr LLY L:gt rgb 6-gt ge LoS Lob bus gES ors 6°+S $s $s 69S e'3S 619 SEQ tbo Le 6-99 6-909 +89 £69 1°69 8°89 1°89 S:Lo L99 9°S9 gto &r9 69 ge 0°99 9'f9 oro Lr9 #9 0°99 $99 6:99 SLo LLo 6°99 8°99 S99 Se eto 3°99 L:99 0'99 oso o'tg otg S26 619 6:09 g709 9°09 €-09 te I'lg 9°09 6:09 zm9 S19 a9 I'lg 919 L't9g Q'19 o'19 panae) 96S es 9°SS L-gs 6LS o'LS E-9S bss bss oS obs eps ots brs brs ae g's ers ers S+S oss Ess ass ess Ls¢ o'9S SoS els orgs 1g S-g¢ $-gS o'6S 16S 98S g'8S L:gS E-gsS tgs o'gS orgs rgs ogs oc L-gS OLS L‘LS LLS L*LS SLS LLS gels S-gs 6S $09 19 Lig 61 £99 g'z9 6€9 69 &S9 +99 8°99 rLo 6-Lo +89 9°89 £89 *g9 gz ¥'g9 1°89 z'g9 +89 0°89 ogo 6:Lo glo £'g9 +39 6°89 ¥69 3°69 Lr ool Pol Gol 6'0L 6°69 LoL ool ool 3°69 9°69 9°69 L:69 £69 or 6 1b $69 rol gol orl Erk oth eel Gal rel oréeL Gee Serk ot LoL gbl g'SL Sol gol oll Ea & ELL ELL Pll PLL 6oL Lol bi 6+tL bol rol 6°SL SSL eSL oSL Lh obl SEL oe 6EL Ee €r ELL g tL eet 6°SL Sob QoL 6-9L OLL Oki 9gL L-gL vol 26k ZI 3°08 egl L6L z'0g S-0g fomeyed o1g 9°19 gig S1g tig $19 rg II 6EL gol 6gl gl oLL Get uel rl oral . ool L:69 0°69 3°89 OL 0°89 glo +99 199 £99 6°S9 $99 1°89 8°69 Gol gol 9°89 +69 6 Leh Ga1L el gel bh Vek gL obL QSL LoL ELL PLL 6-91 8 L-og 6-o9L PLL gill g6L I'0g 9°08 1g SSQ S-sg reg ofg oS L 6°gL stg fg bsg S1g bog SOL gel 6LL 69L 9SL EL Sel 9 6°99 6oL rol z'69 S-Lo 1°99 6-+t9 $o g's9 6'S9 g'So ate) gS ¢ 6°S9 F909 6°99 glo S‘Lo glo Lo 8°99 £99 gro 6'E9 ae) &9 iE L19 o'lg g19 Leg L'eQ bag bag bso Lig o1g I'l9 O19 O19 i gto age) S:z9Q Cia Xe) bg gto gto 6'S9 0°99 Z'99 Z'99 oSg g'So fod blo gso 3°99 oLo alo $Lo $Lo S:Lo 0°89 1'g9Q o'g9 z'g9 rlg I uvayl “PIN yor q8 q9 y? qe uooNn qor q8 9 qh ye keq + ‘wut ool ‘g bh ye SLi + sera) IQ IS ‘Past VIS “MP oh8 = YY 'N 62,9 = Hb *psolouarzy ‘Aleniqay ‘OO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. o1'g9 €6-L9 o1'g9 Z€-g9 82°89 S€'g9 S1'g9 60°89 o1'g9 10°89 96'Lo 90°89 seLo ure S09 €-09 €'09 9'09 9°09 €-09 Z'09 L-6S 6°09 0'09 I'0g bro | Lrr9 1é ES9g leq leg fokr-fe} Eg S:t9 L-¥9 SQ 099 6°99 glo 8°89 069 of oéL S69 ool oil Te Gel ael LéL 6EL oSl etl esh SL 6z 9 SL PSL SSL rol best | tol gSl gSL OSL eSL esl rsh ool ge r6L 99L gol rll SuLh. 6LL $l ggl L‘6L o'0g 1g L'zg 9g Le FOL Goze s'€g 62g 61g S1g - Log z'0g SgL LL {| €Sb aaa a abl 9e oFL 6-EL LL gbl SL asl ash L-+L SL oh €€L rel gel Se sited LeeL gel ol Gel gol gal PEL 6EL gel bel Leth gL be 3'So lana 6EL el ol rol $389 ESQ bate) 96S gels gos zoS ez ILS o-9S ors L-s¢ oss e's Ls¢ 6:98 LoS 6:LS o'6S 9°09 6°09 we Lz - L19 Eaete) SEQ foheore) fomexe) feakere) 6z9 o'€9 zo Sz bg 6-09 IG oSS tog 96S €-6S o-gS boS L-+sS L-és res S:2S rs bos $oS og L'gS $-oS os gS ges bss oLs oes i axeye) of $So a Lo 169 61 gSL LoL Gel SEL eel 6bL L°SL ol 69L 6OLL ogl bel E-gL gr gol 6-gL S-6L L-6L g6L S-6L S-6L EOL 9'6L 9 6L 0°09 9°08 rig Lr 0°98 91g 8B gg gr 8'Sg 09g Fog alg LLg S88 5°88 S88 91 L6g 06g a'6g 9°68 Z'06 C06 3°06 0°06 L'6g 66g 6°68 9°69 06g Sr bg = 88 glg E-Lg £98 I'9g L-Sg og bEg bag L1g g'0g 6-gL FI Leh €-LL rol $SL ork rebl 6 Or ges L-6+ eis S1S bes ses ges aes gbs L:ss z'9S E-9S eoS 6 L’s¢ g°SS LSS g-s¢ ass ess oSs rss ers rss 6:SS ELS ogs 8 r'gS SEF Cos 96S L-6S £-6S begs r'gS 6-LS gis SLs o'9S ors L €-€S aes 6S res bes res 2s SES Ges res LES 6es gts 9 g'6s a9 Le E-gS 9°9S €:6S 96S 66S 9°09 I'lg g19 lace) iSit-4e) s z69 beg org 3So oLo o'g9 9°89 orol Gal orl gel eek + SSL + PEL rel LL 6+L gb aa Orel gel gel oe bel ork L-69 € g'So $89 9°89 L:99 L‘Sog 6'b9 t to Sto oSg I'SQ I'Sg g'So 6°S9 c ae 0°99 €'99 S99 Z'99 9S9 gto abo gto bE9 leg S19 68S I ues “PUA yor 48 49 q? We uoon yor 48 49 a? ue aa 22 + -uum ool ‘grrhL w SLi+ = 99 1D 1S ‘PAsT-vag “Mb obg = 7 ‘N 62,9 = 4 ‘pioljouarey ‘YWIeAW OOG6T : 23 PRESSURE. 1898—1902. No. 4] Lg-€9 69°€9 zgto g6°Eo 1o‘bo 90'tg o0o0'b9 66°€9 €6°€9 zgtg Ig'€9 gL 9 19°€9 uray I'Sg oS L-¥9 Sg 6'+t9 ered « Lbg gto 6-b9 6'+9 aete) ESo9 9'So of 0°89 L‘Sg Z'99 9°99 ilo L:Lo glo o'g9 S89 1°69 1°69 6°69 E-oL 6c bol, L-oL ark rel gol oe eel wel PEL ESL PEL gal baoy & gz rit Leek LoL bel Gol gil Sink 6-oL gol gol rol $69 S°g9 Le 6-t9 S:Lo lg L-99 099 1°99 $So gto Sto 9°f9 o'€9 S-zo S19 9c fotze) 9'I9 919 big L't9 o's9g Esq 9°59 9e™9 9°s9 foie) Cafe) toa fe) Se lacks) o'f9 L:zo Lar-te) Esq sco of9 SEQ oto Ito oto t+9 L-t9 tz 9°89 o-S9 9°$9 glo Sig 6:Lo I'eg 6°89 €'69 6°69 zoL rk fol €z ool €-oL tol eoL ol z'oL €-oL tol sol g'69 $69 &'69 z'69 Ss £99 9°89 9°89 LiLo S:Lo alo 9°99 @99 9°S9 @So Lb9 axe) 6-9 1s fasxe) 1'to t'to oto 6'E9 r'So Eq sancxe) foatete) barre) em-ce) org 9°09 oc 96S 9°09 L:09 6:09 9°09 bog 96S Los 06S 06S L9f tgs 6LS 61 $SS CLS SLs als 6:98 r'9S ess gts SS gts ses res ES gli €-Ss PEs rts bts ots obs 9°SS L:S¢ €-9S E-9S L:oS Sof r9S Lr 69S 69S L‘9S gos g‘oS LoS es oes als ahs eLs LoS T'9S 91 6S L-s¢ L‘ss g-cs uss Ses ers ges rhs g€S bees g-g¢ 9°9S Sr Z'09 a L¢ €-gS 06S L‘og F099 Z'09 9°09 3709 O19 19 E19 Tig FI 6'09 b19 b19 919 Lig S19 919 Z19 O19 9°09 I'09 L:6s b-6S €1 bof S-gS L-gS z'6S o'6S orgs OLS 69S ess ofS ges res oes SL obo rss SoS 9°gS E19 bE Eso 6:99 glo 6:Lo 9°89 S99 6°Lo MI of9 “Lo $99 9'S9 Eto L’Sg fowete) Lig org L-09 €:09 g'09 S19 OL o'Lo 3°09 9°09 919 o's9Q oto b'99 6:Lo S69 tol Ll Get ect 6 agl 6-9L 6-LL gl E-gL sgl o'6L 9°gl S-gL E-gl Lgl ogl rebl 8 gSL 6'9L LoL vol Sol sol Sol r'gL QSL oSL S bl SEL oel b 6'Lo eoL Onk Bil S-oL 6°69 9°89 o0'89 6°S9 gto oS 6°€9 oat ere) 9 Fz9 fomaze) S-z9 6°19 619 rio 919 o'z9 b-zg 1'eQ 9'€9 L‘€9 Ltg S gEo o'tg S-to Sto ace) Eto Eto fomexe) S-E9 baste) foatete) of9 Leg te 66S 919 I'lg org S-o9 $09 L-6S 16S 96S 06S eggs 06S L-gS € S-gS r'gS gS S-gS ags gels SLs ols tgs g6s S$-6S +-6¢ €-6S S L:o9 L:6S €:09 9°09 S19 sanae) 6°09 g'09 L:og o'1g 6:09 I'lg S09 I uea “PUN yor 48 49 ut ye UOoN yor yg W9 yt ye Aeq + ‘wir ool gbrh yw SLi + = 99 IN 1G ‘PAaT-vag “MP org = YY ‘N 62,9L = 4 ‘psoljauaey ‘dy “O06I H. MOHN. st > [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. ‘ARIN ‘OO6I I9'zgQ og'z9 €g's9 €6-z9 66°29 o1'ég Lo‘€9 So'€9 zo'tg 68°29 uo 1°09 QLlsS 6-LS 69S v-6S foofe) I'09 o'lg S19 B19 I'lg I'rg ‘lg 2E gos z'19 L:og g'09 $09 "09 g'6S g6S 96S $65 oS L'gS S-gS of g'8S S'gs Sg Sg 3'3S 9°96 o'eS 3'gS 16S €-66 o'6S z6S z-6S 6z 9°99 Z'6S eos L-6¢ 66S 0°09 €-09 S09 g:09 S19 g'19 L'sQ torte) gz 2Sg Sz I'Eg 6'€9 S‘to alg 6'S9 099 $99 9°99 L-99 0'99 6S9 Le 199 9°S9 ¥So 0°99 6'S9 1°99 1-99 £99 £99 £99 1°99 z°99 £990 ge b99 1-99 1°99 1°99 $99 9°99 L-99 L-99 L-99 L-99 gS9 F99 g'S9 Se 6by PS aso ate) 1'°SQ 1'°S9 gto Sb9 €-bo tF9 €F9 Brg $b be EE Eto bo FQ Ero I'tg 6€9 gfo 1'€9 ZsQ L:19 919 sap te) €e 6%g + S19 $19 S19 619 t-c9 S-s9 g°c9 og S-E9 geo Lancs) gto ce are) tbo gto 6°F9 L'tg I'tg 9'£9 9'€9 19 glo leq g'19 819 ae E19 919 19 6:09 t19 g'09 z19 o'z9 S19 F19 gio 919 Fog oz oss $6S 9°gS LS gbs E+S rts Les ces ces ees ges ges 61 S-6S ers 6°+S L-S¢ 19S go Ls 96S Log 6°19 Lz9 6 S€r1— | ol-g — || ger— | S€r1— | Ser— | er1— | 6g — | EL — || Fg — | rg — | LS — | aq — | gh — | oft — $e ' GSL—|]}€L— |] gL — |] ol — | og — | &€r— €z | asuey | “xe “ULI ueoyl PIN yor yg |e y9 yu ye uoony yor u8 19 ye? ye seq oo wSs=—yYy m,?.os =—7 ‘N 6e,9L = 4 ‘proljouaryy *19q019Q 6681 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | bes— | S6e— | Sbhoe— |o6-9z— jog'gz— |egrgc— |EE-9z— |Lb-ge— |Lb-gz— |Eb-Qz— leb-qz— loz-gz— |g6Se— |€E-oce— |jeS-os— uo 6s wre— | gyg— | oS Se— |) SLE— | glLE— | r-LE— | rSE— | rlLE— | LSE— | PrE— | ESE— | SeE— | orE— ere— | eee— of Ly groE— | ESE— | ogEE— || gFE— | GHE— | SEE— | oSE— | 1SE— | OFE— |] 1:SE— | gEE— | oFE— | gos— | azE— | pae— 6c ol LSe— | Lze— | br-6e— || so€— | g6e— | Egs— | ELe— | g6c— | ScE— | geS— | S1E— | CoS— | 6-6e— | +6c— | L-of— ge gt goe— | PSE— | g6EE— || PoE— | SoE— | eeE— | oSE— | L-SE— | SSE— | SHE— | E-SE— | SrE— | gre— | Ese— gee — Le 99 LLe— | ©PE— | LOIE— || gtE— | SEE— | HeE— | |ezE— | g1E— | t-6s-- || sos— | S1E— | sEE— | oos— | L6c— | 6-0f— 9a 26 rle— | €o€— | EL-EE— || o1E— | + HE— | aSE— | L-bE— | gbE— | L-+E— || go bE— | See— | sce— | taS— | ecE— | oeg— Se os oge— | gee— | LLI€— || g€E— | biE— | ozE— | Lo€— | Lo€— | g:1f6— ec€— | o1€— | b1€— | ocE— | a1E— | +-EE— be ae a | wez— | LEE— | Ego€— | of€— | ocE— | GcE— | SzE— | gof— | LiE— || of€— | goe— Li€— | gle— | GlLe— | sgqe— Se tL Goz— | 6Le— | 1e°Es— || oSe— | rbe— | 6Ee— | Gse— | Lie— | o1e— gic— | bis— | rie— | s€e— | Sre— | GLe— eS Garr bSe— | 69E— | IO°OE— || eoe— | PSe— | sgs— | Sos— | t6c— | o18— eoE— | Lo€— | gcE— | r6c— | BoE— | g:SE— ig oe ocE— aSe— | cere— Il ese— | 1SE— | grE— | +tE— | otE— | OE || EE— | L-EE— | ++S— | geo gece— | gec— ot o-9 oge— | oc€— | cE6z— | gr€— | go€— | S1€— | Oge— | s6s— | Ege— |] olLe— | L-Le— | bge— | L-Le— | oce— I'gs— 61 &-9 ELe— | gEE— | PEoF— || g6ze— | s6e-- | bof— |} o6c— | Oge— | GIE— || o1E— | w6s— | SLe— | ofE— gEE— | o1E— gr Eo LLe— | oF€— | 6a1€— || HIE— | GsE— | gcE— | gEE— | EsE— | SzE— |] o-ge— | Sos— | S1E— | sog— | Sos— | Sb6c_ Li r6 oce— | FIE— | 66-ge— 9ge— | Pgc— | Oge— | gge— | EOE— | sof— | a1€— | Gof— | GlLe— | gle— 9'9z2-- | Goe— 9gI Lg rLi— | gSe— | €eee— || gSe— | bSe— | abs— | Ste— | bEe— | bIs— || goos— | goze— | S-oz— | r-os— | soe— | ooce— SI og rLr— | 1Se— | Srrozs—")) glLi— | g-gi— | Eoz— | broe— | b61— | s6r— r61— | Eoz— | Leoz— | soz— | goz— | oSe— FI 6s Sgr— | the— | taore— obhe— | tee— | SEs— | Loe— | gie— | Soc— roz— | Los— | sose— | L61— | 6g1— | zos— Se 39 Sgr— | &Se— | Lgee— || eire— | oee— | wes— | bee— | O1e— | gie— || bes— | ofe— | gEe— | obs— | obs— | ESe— SI S-9 o'ge— | S'FE— | ogof— || goc— | bge— | EBge— | Sge— | E6e— | bos— || 1-eE— | L-ss— | SeE— gIe— | gcE— | ace— Il gl obe— | gIE— | C6-ge— || gI€— | LiE— | oof€— | b6z— | b6z— | grgz— || b6z— | oge— | FLE— oge— | bLe— | oge— or S-g gli-— | Egz— | 96Ez— || EQe— | LSe— | abre— | E€e— | 6Se— | Sqe— |} SEe— | r-bs— | ses— | Sbe— | Gis— | sos— 6 Lor | gli— | Sge— | ol-ee-- || egr— | 6gr— | g6r— | r1s— | gee— | See— |} sEe— | bbe— | grbe— Los— | aSe— | oSe— 8 gl Cor— | &re— | 29'67— Ere— | ofs— | Ere— | Los— | S61— | €61— || wgr— | egi— | vgr— | gli— | SLi— 961— L er Egi— | gee— | Sgoz— || .goz— | giz— | gee— | gre— | g6r— | L61— || groc— | L-rz— | oroz— | $:61— g61— | tros— 9 rs SLi— | gze— | 69°61— || o1e— | bros— | Lgr— | g-gr— | egi— | ppr— || S6r— | S-61— | s6r— | goe— | boe— | o1re— ¢ og ggi— | &Le— | geba— bos— | gie— | Ses— | 6€e— | sqe— | ale— ggoz— | o9e— | GEc— | SEs— | FFze— | Se— b Gir | €€1— | ske— | oggi— |) eSe— | obe— | Sec— | E-oe— | o61— | EL1— || oLr— | tLr— | gSr— | 6€r— | oSr— oor— € ge | SEr— + Egi— | el-br— gbr— | &bi— | L€r— | 6€1— | ehr— | whr— |} Gbr— | L-br— | obr— | aS1— | pSGr— €or — z br | HIP | eSt— | 9 b1— gsSi— | Sbi— | ber— | GEr— | gir— | ber— ebr— | gti— | ofr— | bS1— | $S1— | OSr— i. 1 asury “XU Ul uvay PIAL yor ug . y9 yP qe uooN yor q8 y9 q? ye keq oo WSS= YY mM, .bs = 'N 6c,9L = b ‘psroljouarpy ‘AVGUIIAON “E68 [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 76 $6 | e€e— | Lie€— | o€-gz— ||SS-ge— |x1-ge— |bg-ge— |gSge— |6r-ge— |goge— ||Si'ge— |eo'ge— |re'ge— |Lb-ge— ljoS-ge— |gS-gz— | uvow SL oSi— | Ses— | Lros— || gre— | Soc— | o61— | €61— | ELI— | rvoe— |) Sese— | ges— | €61— | 16r— | o61— | S1z— 1é Cor oor— | S:oz— | sgo1r— goz— | &oc— | a6r1— | rros— | o61— | FEr— eLr— | ©Sr1— | SLr— | oSr— | L'€r— | Eor— of 99 bg — | oS1r— | Lover— || €S1— | g11— | e€r— | 6g — | ror— | &6 — || eer— | Lebr— | oSr— | r'S1— | g€r— | grer— 6c reir Gi — | 9eI— | geo — 6e1i— | sri— | 6L — | &g — | ol — | Eg — vo — | bh — | oe — | Se — | re — | ve — gz &-gr 6 — | GLle— | LgSr— 6 — | rer— | r6e1r— | etr— | oSr— | bgr— Eor— | SLi— | mLi— | E-gr— | gor— | S'gr— Le ogt | olr— | we€— | €6Le— |) SLi— | goz— | O&ge— | Gof— | 11E€— | 1-EE— || 61E— | s6s— | g-gze— | gle— | gle— | gle— 9a 691 | 6Exr— | goE— | 61-oe— || ELe— | gle— | Eos— | EQe— | Egr— | o61— || E-oz— | tor— | Err— | ghr— | SSr— | ogr— Sz 6s 6€xr— | g6r— | ogLi— || Eor— | of1— | ebr— | eLi— | ofr1— | L-Li— || &LiI— | GLxr— | ELr1— | E-gr— | E-gr— | ros— te 612 | Lor— | ggé— | 1b€e— || &gr— | ogr— | g'gi— | 6gr— | €61— | goe— || rie— | wze— | E€e— | geE— | gSe— | gee— € SL of€E— | Eor— | LE-ge— gLl€— | E€E— | E6E— | tror— | o6E— | Eoh— €ob— | gor— | aLlLE— | SoE— | EgQE— | glLE— SS O1L bée— | bor | 61-5 — o1b— | og€— | 6SE— | gge— | ELE— | ESE— T'9gE— | GoE— | gre— | HIE— | OEE— | gee— IS VIr | o1€— | ['ZpP— | oa gE— || oSE—.| LEE— | ogE— | gSE— | agE— | F6E— r9E— | Sor— | bib— | sIh— | gor— | gor— oc SL wee— | L6e— | 6€-gE— || oob— | o6E— | ggE— | S:gE— | age— | Go— || 1r6E— | LgE— | GO QE— | EQE— | 1°SE— | HgE— 61 For So€— | Got— | cr‘gS— 69F— | go SE— | ocoh— | E6E— | ocoh— | ELE— Ege— | ELE— | E1E— | gr€— | EsE— | CEE— gi o1r | oSe— | og€— | Er1€— || EQE— | oFE— | GOEE-— | LeE— | geE-— | oo€— || E6s— | G6zs— | E6e— | S6z— | gge— | LLe— Lt i cg 8 Ere— | b1€— | of Lo— gge— | r'ge— | goz— | gSe— | PSe— | ESe— bSc— | Egs— | Egs— | g'gz— | 1°6e— | S-6c— gI S6 ELe— | eob=- | te t8— boE— | a1€— | p1E— | r2E-- | Gee— | Sce— TSE— | gEE— | gEE— | gSE— | goE— | EQE— or rir | bSe— | gof— 7 Le€E— | gSE— | EQE— | SSE— | EQE— | ESE— | GSHE— | ECE— | E1E— | seE— | EOE— | G6z— | Sgzs— tr 9 gee— | tgs— | oS-9z— || grac— | oLe— | Lige— | ole— | rlLe— | tros— || Eqe— | HSe— | Sbse— | oSe— | EQe— | gle— €1 38 Ooe— | LSE— | Sa1€— 1of— | 6ge— | HIE— | EOE— | oo€— | 1:ge— || E6s— | Ege— | GEE— | SHE— | OFE— | ESE— SI gl @oe— | SLE— | thee— GEee— | yeE— | LeE— | ofE— | 1sE— | grot— eet— | Sot— | eL8e— | Sek | gpot— | ofe— II gl ele— | oSe— | rect ese— | ese— | ocE— | So€— | Eo€— | 1r'o€— || groS— | EeE— | oFE— | GEE— | EsE— | 1'0€— or oh blg= | oeb— | Looe— S6c— | gge— | &ge— | L6z— | go€— | SzE— || goE— | o1E— | Lo€— | EoE— | g6e— | grge— 6 16 6Sce— | oS€— | cezsE— | Sgse— | S6s— | EoE— | SIE— | geE— | HeE— | GIE— | GEE— | geE— | PHE— | ESE— | reE— 8 1'g Sbe— | gzE— | gg-ge— ece— | &1€— | EsE— | go€— | gge— | gge— || gle— | oge— | glLe— | goz— | goe— | gre— L ol bSe— | g's€— | go'go— E-qze— | goz— | 1'6c— | E6c— | E6z— | Qige— rgs— | &Le— | SLe— | SLe— | age— | L:ge— 9 o9 E-ge— | EcE— | 6L-6c— b6e— | b6s— | Ege— | SLe— rle— | &Le— Sée— | Go€— | 61€— | EsE— | geE— | F1€— ¢ ol oge— | aSe— | r6o18— || &ceE— | 6rE— | EzE— | reE— | ofE— | rzE— || 6gs— | gge-— | ooF— | EEE— | EEE— | ESE— b Lo gge— | SSE— | ob ce— oté— | Sre— | ¢re— | oSE— | S6c— | o1E— || gof— | BEE— | rEE— | EoE— | Lo€— | beE— = L‘6 6Le— | glLE— | 10 bE— | SeE— | gre— | reE— | EsE— | geE— | gre— | ESE— | ESE— | ELE— | EPE— | GE— | E-vE— z es oze— | SLe— | gese— || gse— | Lse— | Ese— | grE— | gse— | ESE— || ESE— | gFE— | ghE-- | SSE— | Loe— | 1:LE— I osuey *xeIl Ul, uvayy PUA yor ug y9 y? ye uOoON yor y3 9 y? ye seq oo wss=Yy m,topg =7 'N 62,9 = 4 ‘proljouary ‘laqWM399q ‘668T 77 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. ok r1€— | rg&— | SoSE— |jgoSE— |zE-SE— |goS€— jroSE— |SoSE— |1L-rE— || 16-rE— |ggtE— |EgrE— lig tE— |€oSE— |ge-SE— | uray $6 So€— | 66E— | of SE— || SSE— | zor— | sLE— | gLE— | Sof— | oFE— || ESE— | F+E— | ocE— | GcE— | grE— | ESE— 1€ bo orof— | PsE— | ogr€— || rsE— | scE— | G1€— | E1rE— | b1€— | E31E— |] go€— | Sr1E€— | SeE— | wcE— | EsE— | L-ee— of er b6c— | LEE— | og 1€— || EsE— | r-sE— | bIE— | goE— | Sof— | E1€— || gr€— | EsE— | LEE— | geE— | reE— | p1E— 66 sec L-ge— | ebE— | 66-cE— || oFE— | SHE— | rhE— | geE— | seEE— | ofE— || FEE— | geE— | ozE— | g1€— | re€— | brE€— ge S-9 S-gc— | oSE— | rg1€— G1€— | g6c— | E0€E— | oo€— | GoE— | gEE— || 6 rE— | ECSE— | sbE— | gbc— | ggze— | gee— Le 6S 6'9&— | grah— | ggrob— || ELE— | sge— | wlLE— | S-ge— | rib— | Sotr— || o€F— | git— | Grb— | SEF— | seab— | rer— 9% Se Gob— | PEb— | obst— || Esb— | Geh— | ofb— | SEP— | E€F— | wit— || Sar— | esb— | osh— | Fib— | get— | geb— Sz gr Sge— | rErb— | L6-or— || gib— | reb— | gor— | S:1hb— | FEt— | E-ot— Loob— | S1t— | Leib— | g6E— | gQe— | g6E— tz gtr eL€— | och— | og6E— |) Esbh— | rroh— | Lrob— | SLE— | S-6E— | g-gE— || E-or— | oob— | 66E— |} o'gE— | S6E— | GIt— €e or o6E— | ofh— | rreb— || Lib— | €6€— | Geb— | rver— | Ger— | ser— || Leib— | wEr— | get— | Ger— | Sab— | Ser— ei Ep oot— | Ebh— | LO-eb— || Esbr— | Eor— | Gor— | Ser— | SEr— | SEr— || EPb— | rEb— | SEbb— | Szb— | Gebr— | Ger— Ie z9 oor— | aor— | 6acb— || Seb— | S1b— | gobr— | rib— | Sor— | 6oF— || E-or— | gor— | reb— | Sr | EQh— | Sot— ot 6s Erh— | alr— | teor— || Eot— | gobr— | Eob— | oLF— | oLb— | Soh— Lob— | Sor— | oth— | SSb— | gSr— | E-gr— 61 ek gor— | ogh— | goSh— |] rSh— | GSeb— | geb— | rib— | Seb— | S3rt— || eib— | git— | ger— | ErP— | ESt— | Sqt— gr Es gor— | 1G6P— | gsreth— || rlr— | ELP— | o6b— | Sgr— | o6b— | tgr— || Sgr— | o6F— | HQr— | eLr— | LLP— | wgr— Lr S-9 Sib | ogh— | Eg Sr— Egr— | gor— | SLb— | tLr— | ogr— | gor— rLo— | SSb— | bor— | Ser— | grk— | Ser— QI gor | G61E— | Geb— | 1g LE— reb— | elL€— | PSE— | bLE— | ESE— | EEE— || gSE— | SLE— | GoOE— | EQE— | geb— | S:1b— Sr eh bre— | git— | gL:LE— | Gib— | E6E— | ggE— | SLE— | LioE— | OLE— I'gQE— | gSE— | soE— | OLE— | I'gE— | s6E— $1 For | g6z— | ooF— | of SE— | 1'6E— | Eob— | GgE— | FSE— | GoE— | ozE— |} gzE— | EsE— | oO FE— | SCE— | GoE— | FoF— €1 tor | b6ce— | g6E— | co-LE— 16E— | ror— | bgE— | g6E— | ELE— | rLE— || boE— | QSE— | greE— | E6E— | QLE— | E-qQe— SI og L-Le— | LS€— | LL1E€— || og€— | EsE— | E1E— | LeoE— | bIE— | boE— || EoE— | g6e— | so&— | L1E— | gzE— | SrE— Ir Lor r'9z— | grof— | ge tE— | oSE— | L*gE— | grE— | 1'LE— | S-of— | EQE— || S-SE— | gzE-- | L-EE— | r-EE— | FoS— | S-6z— Or to oSe— | O1E— | 16°9a— Sle— | Gee— | oge— | Soe— | oge— | rle— boze— | gSe— | rrle— | rle— | ele— | S-ge— 6 Ber L‘Se— | og€— | ES-rE— || oLe— | gge— | o1E— | HEE— | ESE— | soE— || boE— | EgE— | EFE— | gLE— | E-gE— | gLlEe— 8 oor | ole— | o LE— | gtr ee— ELE— | wlE— | r9g€— | gg&— | SPE— | S-PE— || SEE— | geE—~ | ScE— | EoE— | F6c— | ELs— E wir | gie-— | o€€— | 6oSe— || SSe— | Sbe— | Sge— | ESe— | SEe— | gEs— || abe— | obe— | ote— | HSs— | EQs— | GLe— 9 96 ESe— | 6FE— | Ea-zE— || g6e— | ScE— | SEE— | aSE— | 1'SE— | GEE— || teE— | SEE— | geE— | F6e— | gbs— | g6e— s 96 gli— | ale— | toee— || SLe— | 6'9e— | oLe— | GSee— | sis— | sie— || o1z— | goz— | gos— | S1s— | bie— | Fos— F o9 Zer— | s1e— | toLr— || bgr— | g:gr— | ggr— | glir— | wgr1— | gor— |} Gor— | rgr— | Sgr— | rgr— | gSt— | S-Sr— € S‘9 GSr1— | ose— | gr-gi— Eor— | PLiI— | Sor— | sor— | Sor— | Lror— || SLi— | gr— | ggr— | r1e— | gis— | tre— S 68 ogi— | 6'9c— | FE-Es— I'1e— | Gos— | g6r— | Los— | 1'Se— | S-qa— rSs— | sgo— | oSe— | ESe— | Ese— | Ese— I asuey | “xe “ULI ueayy PUN yor q8 9 uP ye uoony yor 8 49 yr ye seq oJ m SS = y ‘Mm, otg = 7 ‘N 62 .9L = 5 ‘psofjouaeyy ‘Asenuef{ ‘QO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHAN. 78 $6 Lor— | eoz— | g&ee— ||69'2e— |go'cz— |rg'sa— |EScz— |ggis— |ELtiz— |loozs— |sr-ee— |roze— |tgrse— |LLice— jogos— | ues rs oge— | 1€— | grgz— || goz— | Sgs— | gos— | Ege— | ele— | ELe— oge— | 9ge— | F6c— | EoE— | toE— | 6:0E— ge ser | Go€— | rer— | Le€E— || ere— | o1E— | Eze— | vee— | See— | exe— |) eze— | e¢e-— | eee— | pie— Ege— | S6E— Le or S6E— | GEp— | go1b— || Ezb— | otr— | eet— | o1b— | ger— | Set— || oeh— | E€t— | orb | Hrb— | et— | gos— 9c 38 EzE— | rib— | go-ge— gor— | tib— | Eob— | Sot— | E6E— | S-Qf— Sge— | ESE— | gLlLE— | gof-- | gtE— | EcE— Ge o9 EcE— | Ege— | gi-se— || 6bE— | otE— | ErE— | o-rE— go vE— | EFE— || LSE— | gSE— | ELE— | gQE— | EQE— | E-Qe— te Sr | ofe— | SLE— |] 96cE— | gLE— | otE— | e-se— | ose_ | E+E— | tee— || ose gré— | &1r€— | goe— | Ege— | S-ge— € CL o1e— | Sge— | €€-be— rgs— | Gte— | ba | Ste | Cre— | rise boz— | geo— | G1s— | ESe— | gSz— | Egs— oo toage) o9e— | BcE— | EoGe— |) ELe— | Eqe— | Egs— | Ege— | Sge— | Ege— || Sge— | Ege— | S6s— | GoS— | SeE— | See— Ig ory ogi— | oz&— | go're— EzE— | €6c— | 6Le— | tla— | ele— | gre— giz— | e1z— | L6r— | g'61-— | E6r1— | L'gr— oz ocr | oSi— | pot— | rg2ee— bgi— | 161— | ggr— | Soz— | 1-9r— | OEs— || grbe— | HSs— | gSs— | Eqe— | Los— | E-ge— 61 ol o6z— | og€— | 6L'cE— |, €-6e— | Gof— | g-of— | g-oS— | ooS— | ErE— || ESE— | oSE-— | L-+rE— eg€-— | SSE— | osEe— gi ge bsE— | og&— | GoSE— | L-+E— | ege— | Eqe— | Ese— | e-os— | E+e— |i s+e— | ese— | Eee | E+E | ese | E-ce— Li o'9 SoF— | SoE— | grtrE— | gof— | gtE— | ese— | ose— | eoe— | rse— |] o-+E~ | ate gee— | S€E— | EcE— | 6 16— QL ger Lo1— | So€— | ehac— got— | g6c— | rle— | gee— | e1e— | G12— |) Gos— | Los— | S-61— | L-gir— | G@LI— | 6Li- Cr v9 S-o1— | Gcs— | 19'g1— Fegr— | s€s— | 6oz— | €61— | ogr— | bLi— G-Lr— | SLi— | LeLr— | gli— | rgi— | Lelr— TI a9 Sor— | Lee— | €r-os— bLi— | goe— | o€e— | boz— | bos— | Sgr— |] Goe— | coc— | L61— | t1e— | ree— | E-oc— €r Sg oSr— | SEe— | Er 61— gte— | Sis— | Liz— | goe— | 661— | L-gr— || L-Li— | gor— | LeLr— | glLi— | L6r— | glr— cae rr | tL ~ | Sos— | Co-br— rér— | ros— | g6r— | rgt— | wLi— | grr— Lisi— | go1— | 11r1— | €or— | gor— |} o1rr— II lel Sr TII— 99S — |} tr1r-— | og — | Sg — | Eg —}] Lo — | 99 — bs —| ro — | 6E — | Go — | ro — | gr — OL 16 SI tb =| ate = Soo — | So — | So Lome) Eo Pr IE -- | cE —| gor — | ES — | EQ — | ES — 6 oL fo — | &L — | tar — So — | bh — |) So — 1 SS — | es — | Fe — Ee — | rk —|aeS — |] ge-] g& — | €€ — 8 s'6L SE — | Lee— | LLbr— Eb — | Sh — | SF — | pir— | E€1— | Srr— b61— | Soz— | Sos— | giz— | Soz— | ofe— L Str | eor~ | Lro— | 6S-61— ofs— | Gee— | Ebe— | PEs— | Ess— | greoz— €6r1— | Ggr— | og1— | SSr— | ESr— | 1rSr— 9. eg LE — | ozi— | egg — S1r— | erzr— | rir— | ozr1— | Sg — | og — gr — log —j] ri11—|goL — |] So — |] OL — s bE ge — | wl — | gto — SL—jo9o — | &L — | gS — | 1S — | EQ — Fo — | 69 — | &9 — | FQ — | EL — | Sg — v ger | oe — | oSt— | g69 — || gE — | SE — |} gE — | aes — | ol — | eg — || og — | 99 — | 99 — | Sg — | Lor— | S31— & Z'OL oor—- | sos— | FL-S1— S€r1— | oSr— | Sbr— | ESr1— | Ori1— | ser— Srr— | tSr1— | Sxr1— | gos— | gie— | 1rEse— zc rbi | 6be— | o6E— | EL-cE— €Se— | wSe— | rle— | ro€— | m1€— | S-2E— || ot€— | ogE&— | EQE— | E6E— | EQE— | gLE— I asuey XB “UI uvoyAl PON yor ys y9 uP ye uooN yor us 9 yh yz Aeq oo wSS = Yy “mM, .tg = 7 ‘N 62 ool = A ‘piofjouaeyy ‘Alenigay ‘OO6I TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902, No. 4.] 6-8 Gez— | b1€— | og le— ||6gLe— |LOLe— |Sglze— log lLe— |Sggc— |gggz— ||EL-ge— |c6-Le— |eb-ge— |bo'ge— |1e'ge— |eg'ge— | Uva gr oge— | gcE— | ScofS— || reE— | ScE— | LiE— | So€— | rbe— | S6e— || E6s— | Sgz— | g6e— | L6c— | LOz— | E-6z-- 1€ ol G1e— | Sgc— | 6L-Se— || grge— | SLe— | ole— | oSe— | S-gze— | S-gs— rbe— | See— | Ebs— | EEs— | ate— | gle— of wor boz— | g'zE— | tob6c— €Sc— | &es— | €6e— | gge— | gle— | gle— r6c— | F6z— | Sc€— | EcE— | EzE— | ocE— 6c 06 ofs— | oc€— | t€-6c— || r1€— | FoS— | so€— | Ege— | Sle— | Sqe— | Loze— | Egs— | E1E— | E1E— | EoE— | E-o€— ge 36 Los— | So€— | 96:Le— || grof— | €6c— | E6ze— | goz— | Sbe— | ote— |) L'be— | Soz— | L'gz— | oo€— | grof— | E-o0f— Le Siz | Sor— | oge— | 66:0c— || E-ge— | 6oc— | gEz— | gee— | Fos— | Sgr— |, t6r1— | S6r1— | e6r— | SLi— | gor— | €61— 92 ab zgi— | tee— | 1S-0z— || €61— | o6r— | zoz— | Soz— | g'6r— | gos— | Er1s—,| rae— | Ese— | broz— | 661— | Loe— Se Sir | oLr— | Sgz— | SLte— || ore— | gre— | &1s— | Sre— | Sgr— | o61— | Loz— | Gos— | Goz— | ofe— | gEe-— | gge— te o6é Lise— | ae€— | SgLe— || goz— | Egz— | ESe— | ESe— | ESs— | gre— rr9s— | gle— | r1€— | SsE— | goE— | E-o0f€— zu E9 Le— | o6c— | t6q2— || E6c— | E6ze— | GLe— | geoz— | rSe— | SSe— |) gte— | gos— | GLe— | SLe— | Ege— | Eqe— as 38 L‘S1— | Gto— | ogos— || gre— | gee— | bie— | Gre— | riz— | &gr— |! ogr— | ggr— | S61— | gius— | Eoz— | Foz— Ie o9 ooz— | ogz— | 6L-cz— || gros— | 6oz— | S-oc— | Sre— } S1z— | bIz— || g1ze— | ESs— | Eoz— | gre— | gEs— | ESe— ot S-9 ter— | 6ts— | gose— || gre— | oSe— | Sas— | Gos— | g6r— | F61— | wos— | Erze— , gis— | Ese— | Le— | rve— 61 16 LOl— | e6z— | Soér— |) Sor— | SS1r— gbr— | Gé1— | S€r1— | Ser— || Ser— | ber— | gor— | S€r1— | Ser — | grr gi 66 U'Ol— | voz— | eSor— || grr— bEr— | wSr1— | gor— | SLr— | aelLir— || gor— |} alLr— | SLi— | &LI— | orgr— | €6r1— Lt gl zolr— | oSe— | gS1z— || g61— | roz— | E-os— | Eoz— | Soz— | Sos— || aie— | Szee— | ges— | SEs— | SEs— | Ebs— 91 Lig | gée— | So€— | E€Q2— || Le— | rSse— | rSe— | ESs— | Lbs— | |Se— | ESe— | r9e— | gle— | E6ze— | gge— | gge— Sr ger | tSe— | s6€— | goSE— |) ELe— | EoE— | a1€— | rgE— | gr€— | sge— || ESE— | aLE— | ggE— | o'gE— | ogE— | Ege— tr gs Szeé— | Ege— ] go-LE— |] go LE— | EgE— | HRE— | ggE— | EQE— | OLE— | EE— | gLE— | ELE— | SLE— | SSE— | E-Qe— €1 89 zee— | oor— | 6gLE— || ELE— | rgé— | bRQE— | EQgE— | EQE— | SEE— | soE— | ggE— | S6E— | roh— | EOE— | 16E— eI &-9 6-zE— | s6E— | Li-gé— || E6E— | Sge— | PgE— | GLE— | bgE— | ELE— | EQE— | SgE— | sgE— | S6E— | gLlE— | GLE— Il 89 zo€— | oLE— | EL:re— ese€— | SLE— | boE— | EQE— | gSE— | t+SE— €ee— | Ese— | ESE— | rbE— | reE— | S-of— OL g'6 FLi— | wle— | Cere— SLe— | gbe— | Eoe— | Soz— | s61— | o61— || ggr— | F61— | gose— | Ese— | ges— | Ibs— 6 61 | ger— | Los— | 6ree— || Ebe— | olLe— | goos— | LSe— | Obe— | gEe— |) E1e— | Goe— | v6r— | ElLr— | rlL1— | ogr— 8. gl Ecr— | roe— | 19°S1— |} for— | ovr— | ror— | tor— | gbi— | Esr— || obr— | bos— | E61— | Egr— | brrI— | ger— L tgz | €or— | L:gé— | g&1E— || gor— | e6r— | ege— | e1€— | ree— | SEE— || ESE— | gse— | ele— | ELE— gle— | &ge— 9 gl ole— | gpp— | rerr— || EgE— | gLE— | SLE— S6E— | ooh— | war— || Erb— | EFP— | Erhb— | EF— | GEP— | 1Sb— s 1g ese— | -eb— | Soor— || Grr— | EEP— | gehr— | Erb— | Eor— | Gobr— || S6E— | gG6E— | ESE— | E6E— | gSE— | bor— + GL ere— | grh— | go6E— || C6E— | EQE— | EgE— | EgE— | gSE— | boh— | gih’— | Erh— | Laub— | grb— | Erb— | Sge— £ 69 r1€— | ogé— | g6o-rE— || Ege— | EgE— | ELE— | SoE— | ESE— | L-be— || Eee— | PEE— | LEE— | SsE— | ESE— | Ece— z o'9 #Se— | #r€— | Loge— || L:1€— | Co€— | ege— | Ege— | ELe— | gle— || gle— | LLe— | ELe— | SLe— | Ege— | goe— I asuey | xem | cum | ueow | PUA | yor 48 19 q? ue WOON | yor yg 49 uy? ye keg oo wuss = y ‘M+ oh8 = 7 'N 62,92 = 4 ‘paofjouary ‘yore “OO6T METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 80 |QND. ARC, EXP. FRAM o9r— | 99z— | bo1e— |\Lofe— |6grc— |gG-oz— [LE-61— |96-gi— |F£'61— || gl-61— |6aiz— |Egze— |€6Sc— |gote— los be— | ueay ser | Sg — | ror— | prer— || esi— | br1— | tor— | 26 — | Sg — | ror— | Sor— | gei1— | gé1— | gtr— | ogr— | gli— of VLr | oo1— | rlLe— | Lror— | gror— | obi — QeI=— | var— | vei1— | Ler— || g€r— | eSi—.| gSi— | ggi— | ore— | rlLe— 6c grr | ogt— | BEE— | 66-9c— |) bge— | oLc— | gee— | gie— | Sxe— | gee— || ebs— | bLe— | b6c— | boe— | wes— | ore— ge Ler Sor— | sé6ée— | is-be— e6s— | ree— | bhe— | s61— | o61— | Groz— ris— | Les— | Obs— | GLa— | Eqze— | goz— Le QEI | oor— | gfe— | gSor— || Ofs— | S1e— | E-Lr— | #S1— ger— | rér— |} oer— | ghr— | #Sr— | rgr— | rgi— | gSr— ge o'8 gL — | oSr— | Sbrr— || 6 S1— | rbr1— | 6E1— | S-or— | E-or— | oror— g6é — | g6 — | gri— | Ser— | Srr— | rrr— Se 6s VG — | Ore | bere — b11r— | er1r— | Lor— | 6'or— | gror— | g6 — |} $6 — | gor— | S&er— | rer— | gri— | ger— be bE ver— | SSe— | golLr— || bet— | of1— | rbr— | ehr— | &S1— | Sbr— |} oor I'QI— | It1G— | EEs— | FEs— | gSe— fe Lr | ber— | b6c— | €fee— |) Sre— | Sse— | L-gr— | S-Lr-- | gq1— | 6L1— || ELr— | groz— | #Se— | Loc— | €6zc— | gle— ce Ltr | ocr1— | Loe— | €S-gr— |) oLe— | rSe— | ¢-61— | gSx— | ELr— | |S1— |] r-ti— | E-Lx1— | gor— | EL1— | SL1— | 6or— iz LL orr— | L-gr— | *6'S1— Eor— | GSxr— | gSr— | ESr1— | rSr— | GEr— || SEr— | sor— | gor— | SLr— | SLr— | &gr— for t9 rSt— | S1z— | 69:L1— |; o-gr— | 1°61— | gL1— | gor— | Sor— | 6S1— |} gor— | mLr— | EL1— | egr— | v6r— | €-61— 61 Ley. Szr— | elxr— | 6S-Sr— || €-Lr— | €L1— | Ggr— | gSr—- | g€1— | gex1— || oxr— | S-Exr— gér— | Lor— | oli— | SlLi— gr bSt | eS1— | Gof— | rhre— || 6o1— | r-Li— | ror— | 6S1— | gor— | tgr— || @gr— | SSe— | Eoc— | gge— |] r1E— | oge— Li Cor ogi— | £6c— | gf'ra— 96c— | GBoc— | ESe— | bise— | Esz— | g6r— ofe— | SEc— | Lc— | ESe— | SSe— | S-qe— or L-6 rS1— | gte— | Lgos— uSe— | €6r— | o1s— | L'6r— | ELi— | -61— || gér— | ggr— | ors— | G1e— | Eee— | gee— Sr Sor | €€r— | gfse— | Eggr— yy wbe— | ree— | G1e— | Eos— | 661— | Ogr— || €61— | oSxr— | ESr— | LSr— | rLr— | Sor— I Ls ubr— | gé6r— | s691— || glr— | gor— | €L1— | $S1— | gr— | SS1— |} Gor— | oLr1— | ELr— | Egr— | 6Lr— | g-gr— €1 L6 oLr— | Loze— | grie— r61— | €6r1— | L-gr— | S-gr— | r61— | sos— Gis— | G@rs— | Lec— | boe— | Gbe— | gSe— ZI 1'g ror— | abs— | oltrs— Sbo— | O1s— | Ses— | Gre— | Ere— | Sze— grre— | See— | bte— | o6r— | Sir— | Sir— It Le Sor— | soz— | 19'Li1— Peis | rhr— | OL9— | Fir— | SLi— | oor— or | Sor | eer | ota | Str | Str Or 96 oor— | g61— | F6-1— || ger— | GSor— | rir— | Err— | 6E1— | gr— || S+r— | SSxr— | SLxr— | OLr— | E-gr— | t-gr— 6 TALI, bor— | SLe— | gres— f6t— | E1s— | See— | Loos— | E-gr— | €61r— Gos— | tae— | Ebe— | Sqs— | rle— | gle— 8 Ler | gfe— | €9f— | 1f-0f— || Ege— | goe— | Sge— | gSe— | goze— | Loz— || r-ge— | broS— | gtE— | g-QE— | o-gf- | ESE— L Err | S€e— | grE— | eqof— || rSe— | rSE— | ree— | SLe— | LLe— | Sge— || G@Le— | Sge— | S1E€— | S1€— | E1E— | 6-o0E— 9 Sg goz— | 16e— | FLSe— bv6s— | ELe— | 6be— | GEs— | SEs— | EEs— Ese— | oge— | tror— | Sgz— | bLe— | gSc— ¢S Ger £fs— | sol— | grog— Los— | Loz— | rge— | ale— | SSe— | SSe— || Eqz— | oSE— | ESE— | SoQE— | SQE— | tof— + Orr SLe— | Sgt— | SoSe— || bof— | 1:SE€— | rhE— | ooF— | goE— | 6-cE— LsE— | GFE— | Ege— | bQE— | SgE— | L-geE— = oor | o6z— | Y'AE— | SgSE— | SLE— | Fof— | Fof— | SPE— | EsE— | g1E€— |} Ees— | ESE— | EgE— | EgE— | S-gE— | E-geE— c 16 GLe— | oly— | e6-EE— || ELE— | Sof— | ESE— | beE— | SIE— | peE— |] PIE— | gss— | ESE— | ecE— | EE-- | gEE— L asuey XVI] Ul uvoyy “PUN yor y8 9 q? ye uoon yor 48 19 yr qe seq od wSs= ‘M,? ots = 7 'N 62,9 = Tady ‘oo6! ‘piofjouary 81 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] £6 gf — | Gz1— | Sag — |/69°6 — |PL:g — jo&L — |ES-9 — |60-9 — [Lrg — |/SSq — |69°L — [69g — |rg6 — |PLor— |ELor— | uve 99 6:0 fo = | ter — 9'0 Eo — | go oo bo — | ar — ee — lor —| rr — | ge —| Sf —| ob — ba bir | yg] g6 —|igé —|| be — | Ge — | hr — |] ge — | Sr — | br — |} oo re —]| rb —|ab— }|e6 — | ol — of btr | ro Err— J ess — || of — | rb — | we — | Ge — | Es — | Qe —]] ro og — | og — | gg — | oar— | FEI— 6c Lot | or — | Lrr— | Sorg — jj Ltrr— | Ltor— | gL — | oF — | gS — |] So —]] 6€& — | OS — | SL — | 6 — | H1r— | PII— gz gir | or — | get— | SSL — | gor— | 16 — | SL — | 6r — | rb — | PE — || gE — | rg — | gL — | Lg — | OSI— | QerI— Le eLr | oF — | O'ag— | erer— || per— | grr— | gS — | eh — | o6 — | r11— |] Ler— | b€r1— | wor— | vor— | zoz— | wos— 9c Sor | gt — | rs— | rg€1— || egr— | S€xr— | g6 — | o6 — | 6 — | 6G — | w11— | E1— | rhr— | ogr— | goz— | g61— Se ort | So — | SLi— | 66c1— || S-Lr— | oL1— | o€1— | 96 — | og — | grri— |] Fur— | weer— | wer— | ger— | rer— | bSI— be 6311 | oS — | Gor— | Se6 — || SSr1— | OSr— | exrr— | s11— | gg — |} gL — |] 6L — |} gl — | EL — | og — | OG — | Og — & gor | a — | gSr— | Soor— |} gL — | og — | og — | eg — | eo — | org — || €6 — | e11— | 66 — | ger— | gh1— | gSr— ae 96 ot — | rbr— | Lovo1— || rtr— |} o1— | gror— | gror— | 06 — | Eg -- |] 96 — | gror— | gor— | air— | Err— | Sx1r— Ie ss €6 — | gti— | €611— || gxrr— | gor— | orr— | G1r— | garr— | rrr— |} €6 — | grxr— | eEr— | Evri— | rbr— | ver— oz Lor | Lo — | vrr— | S64 — || #rxr— | oor— | LL — | oS — | 6s — |] oz —]]/ LE — | rE —| ee —]| rE — | SE -— | SE — 61 tL zo — | gl — | o6€ — re — | br —]| rr —| rr —] or — | gor —]] eS — | oS —| FS — | Lo — | OS — | go — gr os Gr — | $6 — | Ego — |i of — | og — | eo — | 19 —] QO — | 9 — || 69 — | PL — J] rl —| ob — | rE — | ak — Li gs go — | ago — | bre — zo —|oS —| aS — |] gE —] 61 —] or — |! ot —| Qo1 — |] oe —| EE — | SE — | ge — QL o'9 zo — |eqg —|]Lrée — i of —| SE —]o€ —| be — | Se —| re — Gr — |] ge — | or — | ag — | oh — | HH — Sr as) 6e — | S&rr— | Sus — |] Le — | Sb — for — lor —| SE —|or — |] ego — | +S —J]oL — | EL — |] tg — | 06 — br ger | ob — | bgri— | Eerr— || oor— | Lir— | v6 — | eg — | Sg — | Bg — L6 — | L6 — | ger— | SSi— | glr— | bLi— Gx Lx | go — | Sos— | brEr— |] oS1— | wer— | L6 — | 96 — | 66 — | bror— || grir— | rbrI— | gEr— | Pgr— | gli— | ggr— or oor | og — | ogr— | PL-E1— ogi— | wSi— | wer— | &r1— | Gor— | sr1r— oziI— | gzi— | Szi— | goi1— | gli— | oSi— nie €or | Le — | of1— | ogg — || of1— | esr— | 6 — | HS — | HL — | oS — || gpg — |] el — | OL — | gg — | LS — | gor— OL 36 zo — | oor— | ggS — || oor— | 26 — | 9g — | OF§ — | TI — | gr — ee — | €S — | ogo — | rg — | £9 — | bo — 6 99 fo Eg —] esr —]] &>9 —] LS —| oS —]|or —|LE—|] gE —] go—|os —]| ro —]| oS —] rg — | SE — 8 os Ge — | SL —|tor — | or — |] gE —| gE —| FE —| gE—| se —]| GSE— | Sr —|bLr—] es —| bo — | eg — L 68 Ee —}er— | Les — |} &L — | ego — | Le — | ar — | 6€ — | ge — |] ge — | or — | eS — ] ob — | ex11— | Sg — 9 or — | 19 — | LEE — v9 — | —| ge —| Le —| Fe —|ee—]|] ge —| ge — | SE — | LE — jor — | we — S 6S got — | Sor— | 979 — || ot —| or — | SS — |] HS — |} es —} rs — rg —|go—|oab — | rl —}] gl — | 6 — ¥ £6 ofl — | So1— | gf-r1— || cor— | +6 — | oor— | eor— | oor— | eor— || g6 — | gor— | e€r— | oSr— | gS1— | So1— € 39 gor— | gli— | eg'S1— || aor— | gS1— | 6Sr— | o-gr— | ES1— | gSr— |} ber— | o€1— | ES1— | Gor— | HLI— gli— S 6k 6z1— | gor— | 66-+r— || gor— | gbr— | 6 br— | GEr— | ghr1— | o1— || EStr— | gbr— | 6Sr— | wSxr— | wSr1— | Srr— r asuey *XB] “UIA uv PUA yol yg y9 q? ye uooN yor qs 9 q? ye seq oo mSS = y ‘m,tobs = 7 'N 62,9l = & ‘paoljouaey ‘AEW ‘OO6I [2ND. ARG. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. fo ee 6:0— gl't gg.o og'I jee oSe Ege ogc tora |S6-1 LLt Jerez |LS-o Zf'o uvoyy 88 06 Zo IL‘h haze) vr rb gl ok gL og oo Ga bo to zo of £6 o9 ee— lage Fo oe ot oe oz ve os QI QI QI to— eEe— 6z SE OF lo Sr ro 6:0 g'0 os coheed Ga lobes tr to al fixe) gr ge PIL | Vel go LL-b QL gc gr gil SE gr get ae OIL Lg gl 99 La 38 bry Gz gro to to SL 29 es as 9°6 SOL 69 9S HE os 9z og L‘6 Sl +69 89 ok 88 $6 Lg zg gl rg Lo o9 os Sz Se 99 Se 6-0 cay 60 ee re ry es as 6s 3s HS 6+ 6+ es be Lo EL go oop es Ls a9 69 v9 o'9 6s Le Ler ge ge go Ge rg oe go Ig’l foMe) is Or ZT 61 re re os o-ar oz ee LZ ee es or oI Prey QL Bet o€ ge ee ae QI 90 So go— ore ca te oe Lee = 090 ri Zo— Fo— bo 2 Lr gi =u or o'o 90 Lo fora L-6 kate) i €6°r Eo Str Gs oe re ro apy oft go QI po one 61 gl bh bEe— gli bE— Ge ge HE Le be os le le ol os 61 gi Ig of op Eco gil gr Or 9% os le 90 Fo Fo— os Se— 2 doo Li oy os oo 19'70— os oo zo Can g'0 tare) or— oI— See or oI or— 91 ot Lee E-o— o'r E-o— Zo or Laps SL gir it 90 be ac go So C1 gs oe to 66°0 to go go or par 61 Lt QI go L-o fohre) So v1 gs ee So Lor ai go go br or So aT: gl gl go 9'0 Ir bee ay ge 6:0 eee fol oI os cole) gs ce Lb ge GE ae or acd eI Lg Lg oso grr Gr g'l o€ br gz er oS L‘o orl S:o— os— 6-0— ape 16 gr Eb — 6F-0— 6:0— Lo— 90 QI ea Lo Sr to Si1— or ge rb or Sir | oo ae Le1— 6o1— gio— go oa Ce so £0 bom o1— re gr— aos 6 $6 S9 ou— €6-z oz age) re QI rv ot Un Sit] gs to So— Eo 8 ES or roe Sar 1-0 wr Lo foie) ve be 61 gr gr 6:0 So oo L 6oE or Io Eorr to go to gr Le os Lr or 60 So to Lo 9 gs oe ose gto | g'0 I°r er Lo Er or toe) So f-o— go— 6'0— 6'0— ¢ or ge ei SS:‘o— \ rir oi Loo— Lo— go go— oo ei— 6:0— eae) zo to + rs 6h So 611 I'l 6:0 Lr ey Lm Ql 6rL be or zo fae) So € re E+ riI— glo | Eo 90 eo 6-0 ban re 91 6-0 to oo oo oo z ee re so— go | Zo— zo zo z'0 6'0 OL ol 9:0 6:0 or Or Or I aSury | “xe “UNA uvoyy | “IPI yor 48 y9 q? yz uooN, yor 8 y9 yP qe &eq oo WSS=y mM, .be = y ‘N 6c,9l = Sb ‘psoljouaeyy ‘ounf ‘OO6I 83 TEMPERATURE. 1898 —1902. No, 4.] to es | Lo 10° Tes l6o~% ase olg 6h bib ob € Zork be She gr toe uray gz oe ol 10's gil re Ve a oft okie] be gr QL gl ol orl ve gr o”9 Br og'e ol Or os ge SE ge haha fe os gr os ot of ge Lg 6:0 Ege ae bY bs gr ae S'S os gr or pe S-2 6-0 6c 9s 9s foXe} oe G1 os Se fe ub or gr ge Or Gr oro So ge toate e+ or 66°1 gi br Sz o€ bE £2 os os os or Or Or Le o'9 < So— gli fol Lr or oe o€ o€e re oe S-o a0 Zo Lr ge $6 O'ol 9'0 brs Le s+ lags) ag 16 r'6 os ab of bE ra 61 Ge Sg z6 L‘o gob Le os gol £9 Ly Le SE oh bE QF os fe be ul gl Lo fae of Lex o£ of gt He os ws ge eg ge oS fe 9 Sek a1 ESb bE gr fe) bo et S-9 Lane eet ee gt ar aL SS gor | $'Ol zo Live os a 6s bs 99 Qe oe gr bE Or Zo 1s tz Lg ol £0 Ire te os ey Ge be ot or Lo tr ge ts Bae 4 oz zor | a6 o0T- Ege Ir os ey br are Sz Ss gl gL oL bo— So— 61 19 ol 6:0 gee 6:0 Or Ié 6s SE So as Cre os ola oe 6g gr es gl os gore gz gl oe oft 2s ge OF £¢ os ge os ae Lr L’+ ok Sa exh oe o€ bE get os OF OE Se Les Fae) cb 39 QI o'9 ZO zo 68's £-+ ge gt 6:0 = or er oe Br 90 90 L-o Ss ek tL zo gle 1 go Per £1 bo Le ws e535 oft oF os gr $1 68 zg Lo— ore ae ob r'9 69 tL vb ge pg Lo— ro~ ro o'o #1 be we oo Sick o'o ro br o'r gs os L*r Sox ol 9'0 Lo ort oI Ly os £0 FEr or hat oe 61 gr ol Sr or e's go Or or ag 98 88 Zo gor £0 to 9'0 go £-o go oud gr gr ga os et Or gl 88 cane gore OL zg Ev os Ls ob ge le Lee or G-x Ler 6 o9 39 go les fo Of us Ge £2 ce Or Gr gio go 6:0 6:0 8 or gt foXe} ELT St [ole Or Sz le Ler le ge go gr Pr go L gol ag go forenrcd I'l go or br Se gr Lg ge OE £E got tr 9 os 6'9 61 bod iad ing Ve rE ae 6's we 6 Se fold Qs oh S Lg 38 I'o ere Le co 1's 99 aL SL gh ve er cae So go + 6L 26 e*t ght os LS S-9 Para 6oL Sg rb oF 62 oe ee le & gl I'g Fo go'E Or grr os £9 Ls gt ay ge 6 gr fohze} to 2 CL 16 Ql ash Ql 61 EE gs I'9 6L gs or tr ob ob or I osuey “xe “ULI, ueayW “PUA yor qs y9 q? qe uooN yor 48 49 q? td keq ! oo WSs = Yy M,rors =7 ‘'N 6e,9l = S ‘proljuaey “‘Anf ‘0061 [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 84 “y78 OF qsl . go | &L | ro CoE gre 19'€ get |SL-+ S6-+ Eg'+ E6-€ cre o's lore jofs lore , Ura 2's es o'o Gs re ro go bo 6 vor | eI] 60 Sob 6:0 1 PE tr ee oy os SE gz gt get £6 8 G1 | ely oo ser S-6 I‘O1 r'9 S9 gs 38 oe ol So zo ro foXe} L So bL 6:0 tor 6:0 be L‘€ gt os Eb rh SE ge ee Lo to 9 gl cass) go 6z'9 to 6s Lo ol tL oL OL Lo z9 as Eb tr ¢ es es o'o toe or Hr ae or Le 6s ge harol Oe ZO oo eee) + vs 6+ Go- eae os 6s os ib GE ee fe ae ro oo I'o Cur € os 9 L-o 6z7% os LY ob Se Sr 1% gl Lr oS br ol QL z Le as or Loz be oe oft Le ar we re gt Sz Sz Oo Le | asuvy | “xe “Ul uve] “IPUAL yol ug 49 q? qe uooN yor 48 49 q? yz seq oo wss=yYy mM, tg = 7 'N 62,9L = A ‘priofauary ‘ysnbny ‘OO6I 85 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] “AVM Jopun yall oF yt * eb ge — | rér— | s60r1— |/egrr— |Poxr1— lob11— |g&-11— |gt*rr— |1S-01— |/1L-or— !gor— |1¢-01— |gt-or— |6r-or— |ggor— | uvay os Sg — | SEr— | Sreri— || Lexr— | ger— | osr1— | Ger— | SSr1— | Lur— |} ror— | 66 — | gg — | L6 — | 06 — | E1rr— of Ls 6L — | g€1— | oltor— o-fr— | gor— | &or— | rrr— | sor— | Gor— || ger— | sor— | zor— | 9g — | Gor— | gur— 6a to gor— | OZ[— ] caér— Lr— | rbr— |) obi— | FEr— | ber— | brr— || G@er— | Sri— j of1— | Lr— | wSr1— | 6 Er— ge ub or1r— | rSr— | ea Exr— gEr— | Seor— | Sxrr— | girr1— | oer— | Lrer— ger— | oSr— | rSr— | rbrr— | g€1— | €-E1-—- Lz re ozi— | rSr— | o€ €r— || Gar— | Ger— | Ger— | ger— | s€r— | ger— || Ser— | Lor— | €€1— | O€r— | shr— |} rS1— ge gr €6 — | GEr— | bo 1r1— || GEr— | GEr— | v€r— | GSer— | G@rr— | brr— || brr— | Srr— | Exr1— | gir— | gor— | Sor— sted os €g — | &€r— | bror— || 66 — | g6 — | Err— | Srr— | axri— | For— || +6 — | For— | sor— | L6 — | 06 — | 16 — te or &g — | &er— | ob or— || 06 — | 06 — | 6 — | 6 — | wer— | Lor— || ri1— | osr— | g6 — | Sor— | Gor— | wI1— ee i tes oror— | rbr— | Egrrxr— ger— | wbr— | o€1— | ger— | gor— | Sor— || arr1— | Lor— | brr1— | Sr1— | E11— | groor— oo gir L-g — | Sor— | 066 — Gor— | Sor— | 66 — | 26 — | 96 — | g6 — $6 — | g6 — | wot— | ror— | 96 — | ror— Ig fe o6 — | &11— | Sr'or— Leor— | Gor— | Sir— | orr— | Zor— | bhor— $6 — | 26 — | 06 — | 6 — | 96 — | Eor— of I'9 zo — | &er— | ges — Lror— | gor— | Lerr— | rer— | gor— | o6 —] GL — | fg — | Lo — | gpg — j Lg — | SL — 61 Le eg — | ol — | fo9 — || of — | gh — | OL — | HL —| 99 — | eS — | HL — | bo — | SQ — | gS — | LS — | Eg — gi asuey | ‘Xeyl “UTTAL uv] “IPUAL yor 48 9 y? ye uooN yor ug yd q? ye seq oo wSS=y ‘Mm oF ogg = ‘N OF ,9L = FS qqo€ 07 yQQt ‘proljaseey .taqmiajdag -OO6I |2ND. ARC. EXP, FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 86 gl 6Er— | S1e— | 1L-Li— |/€e-gr— jogLi— |gg*Li— |69:'L1— log lLi— |PE-L1— |lorlLri— gS-Li— |r6o-Li— |gg-Li— |So-Li— |PL-Lr— ues] ats] E-oz— | egz— | goSe— || Gre— | aSe— | tre— | Lire— | Sge— | rgze— || ge— | Sle— €Se— | Eqe— | 6bs— | LEc— r€ gor | Lo — | &€s— | gr-Sr— || ees— | wEc— | S1e— | groc— | €61— | rLt— |] oSr— | 06 — | Lg — | eg — | OL — | Eg — of C11 ok — | Sgt— | oger— og — | &g —) LL — | $6 — | or1— | ber— rer— | 6€r— | vSr1— | Sgr— | Lgt— | L-gt— 62 ee ro1— | b6r1— | rgLr1— || 6o1— | Lor— | S-ot— | o-Lr— | SLx— | S-gr— || ggr— | Ler— | Lgr— | rer— | rer— | egr— ge rk ELr— | bbe— | o1ece— bor— | €6r— | L61— | &os— | aie— | rEe— Léc— | 6Ec— | bhe— | SEs— | EEs— | FEs— Le ber | g6 — | eée— | SL-Lr1— |) e€e— | oee— | ree— | eee— | rre— | broz— || E-gr— | &Lr— | rbxr— | Lor— | Gor— | &xr1— gz g6 g6 — | 961— | ggSr— || ger— | rbr— | 6Er— | rSr— | r-g1— | #S1— |} 6S1— | oLI— | g61— S-gr— | gor— | L-S1— Se wir | Le — | obi— | col — || Grr— | eer— | @er— | rri1— | HL — | to — |] br — | SP — | OF — | OS — | OF — |] BS — ve ul LS — | ger— | SL6 — || go — | HL — | Sor— | 66 — | L6 — | 66 — |] &g — | vl — | ger— Gsr— | sri— | wir— € ul 99 — | Lér— | 2Sor— || bir— | +6 — | g6 — j og — | rl — | og — |] Sur— | Ger— | Ser— | PEr— | gor— For— oo es og —|&s —]ers —] &g —j or —| OE —] Sr —| LE — | o€ —]| &F —] oS — | BO — €9 — | to — | FL — IZ L6 re — | getr— | oFL — | ol — |] SL — | bh — | So — |] bg — | LE — Ls — | o9 — | 98g — | eb — | 96 — | Lor— 0% gsi | &ar— | rle— | oLi1— |) tr1— | oe1— | Sor— | Lbr— | bb1— | G&b1— |] Go1— | bgi— | LoZe— | GIs— rbs— | rSe— 61 99 rroz— | L'os— | 69°fe— LSe— | SSs— |} Loz— | gSe— | Lbe— | ghe— oee— | Les— | O1s— | bie— | E1s— | groz— gi Ls b6r— | rSs— | sres— o1s— | ois— | rig— | 6iIs— | tr1e— | gros— ois— | Lie— | gee— | 6€c— | Sbs— | Lbs— Li as g61— | 1Se— | oles || abe | ebe— | res— | Gos— | rre— | S1e— || be— | gfe— | Lee— | Sas— | Ges— €-€s— 91 ss ooe— | SSz— | 6bez— || SSe— | g-be— | gSe— | gros— | Los— | oee— | G1s— | wee— | b1e— | G1e— | Ese— bos Sr gb oze— | 9'9e— | gg'Ee— o€e— | gese— | gee— | 6Ee— | rhe— | 1'Es— Gecs— | ofe— | abs— | sge— | gge— | E-bs— pa SL ro1— | o€e— | gore— || 6&es— | ofe— | gis— | Lie— | res— | w1e— || grz— | ooc— | Sos— | Igi-—- Lee | gre Sr 6+ €S1— | soe— | c€gr— || eos— | 161— | o-61— | orvoz— | L'gr— | ggr— |] bgr— | S6r— gli— | #gor— | &Si— | gor— oI xs gli— | 6ec— | 6g-6r— |} bgr— | Sgr— | L-gi— | g6r— | a1e— | oe— || G61— | groe— | L61— 661— | Soe— | a1e— IL zs ore | eoe— | grte— vic— | ree— | &ce— | bee— | Lee— | o€s— || ges— | SEs— | gbe— | HSe— | GSe— | Ebe— Or e+ oze— | Soe— | EL-re— || ge— | Ofe— | atse— | rSe— | gSe— | SSe— || Ege— | L'Se— | Ebe— rEs— | SEs— | SSe— 6 GL egi— | L’Se~ | 9S'1s— LSe— | 6€e— | ree— | riz— | ore— | Eos— |] S6r— | Lros— | rre— | E1e— | Los— | Coe— 8 g's Gse— | ige— | si'9e— gSc— | 6Le— | oge— | Se— | Egs— | EEe— €Se— | ros— | oLe— | ELe— | rle— | wSe— L ‘Or g91— | L‘oz— | oF 0z— Loze— | Sre— | b61— | g6r— | S6r— | a6r— toc— | gi1e— | cos— | €61— | ros— | ELI— 9 LS grr— | Sgi— | €6o1— |} eLi— | SLxr— | LeLi— | Sgr— | gbr— | hLi— || ol1— 6'91— | S‘ot— | orgi— | S'Si— | ES1— ¢ ate} eei— | boc— | 1€&91— GSxr— | &Sr— | ogr— | S6r— | GLI— | SlLr— GS1— | #Sr1— | GSxr— | LSr1— | €S1— | gtr— + gor | ozi— | ofe— | Legr— || 6€r— | Ger— | Ger— | ger— | of1— rer— || ©€r— | ogi— | rese— | o€e— | is— | I1se— e os ror— | 1Sr— | 9g°c1— rSi— | o€r— | ofr— | o€r— | L€r— | aer— Leor— | G@r1— | Err— | grxr— | Srr— | Lur— z Le $6 — | aEr1— | go-or— brr— | Gr1— | 6or— | Gor— | Lor— | ror— gor— | gor— | gor— | gor— | &1r1— | 611— 2 osury Peale “UTA uy “PUA yor yg y9 y? ye uoOoN yol ys 9 q? ye seq oo wuss = Yy “Mm ,or.g8=—Y 'N OF ol = 4b ‘pioljaseey ‘3990399 ‘O06T 87 TEMPERATURE. 1898-1902. No. 4. rg | ges— | Lot— | SeLe— |l11-Le— |fg-oz— |Leqze— j6ggz— [61-Le— |EELeo— | zg lLe— |gbLe— ljoelLe— |rl:Le— jzg'Le— |goLe— | uvay €€1 | L6 — | o€e— | geSi— || ofs— | b61— | Hgr— | LeLr— | SLi— | gor— || Gr1— | rrei— | Srx1— | Fer— | ber— | bor— of ger | 3G — | ose— | oh€r— , gor— | gor— | 6r1— | #r1— | G11— | ro1— |] 66 — | Gor— | ger— | L-gr— | ooe— | oze— 6z sor | L:gi— | 6ge— | gS'be— | g1e— | S61— | boz— | goz— | gee— | 6Ee— || tlLe— | ELe— | 6gse— | oge— | tgc— | toz— ge ae] obts— | toE— | 6€-6c— oge— | bSe— | HSe— | aLe— | oge— | 10f— bIE— | ozE— | giE— | HsE— | gIE— | gi1E&— Le sor | 6rs— | re€— | CSlLe— | boE— | E1E— | 1°6e— | Sqz— | Sge— | greos— || tgse— | wEe— | L-be— | gSe— | tLe— | S:ge— 9c vo eto— | g6e— | Sabe— |) oge— | b6e— | g6e— | Sqs— | toz— | als— |] oge— | oge— | tLze— | goz— | tros— | +Sc— Se es ebe— | t6z— | ggoz— | FSe— | bSe— | gSe— | rr9os— | boe— | boe— rLe— | goz— | Soc— | bgs— | t6e— | z6e— te 98 gis— | sof— | gl:Le— bgc— | tgc— | bros— | StlLe— | age— | the— roe— | sof— | E6e— | bge— | LLe— | rbe— €e g'6 gic— | t1€— | 6L:9c— bEs— | Ses— | Le— | 6Se— | Oge— | S'oe— eLe— | tle— | tos— | ggs— | bIE— | FIE— ae cass) otc— | tc&— | Eo:0f— rr€— | Legs— | v6e— | so€— | r1E— | Lo€— || Gr€— | LiE€— | gi1€— | baS-— | 6ge— | oSs— IZ gr gor | oSt— | oS eo— ief— | re— | 6ef— | ost— | ret— | gee — be€— | gEE— | LoE— GeE— | LPE— | 1:tE— os ol wge— | oS€— | Sree— | PrE— | PHE— | erE— | weE— | SEE | pee || PE | CFE | eSE— | ree— t1E— | P1E— 61 as) 6Le— | &gf— | cOEE— , boE— | HEE— | FEE— | gaE— | GcE— | SbE— |] ESE— | HSE— | L'SE— | |Qe— | gSE— | g6s— gi $6 ogz— | bSE— |} East — PSE— | oFE— | r'EE— | HLe— | HQs— | GeE— || gEE— | gEE— | I'sE— | gee— | HIE~— | Q6c— Lz Ls L-ge— | brE— | 1618 — iée— | b6c— | ho&— | Pob— | gié— | ost — bre— | prE— | Sce— | bcE— | PoE— | Pee QI 16 g€e— | Leé— | 6Lo€— |i ocE— | beE— | eeE— | EsE— | beE— | osE— || seeE— | eeE— | ale— | LsE— | #Se— | 6Se— Sr Lg gte— | Sce— | Lele— pre | ge | ga | rb | hol | eal foe— | ree— | lem | gos | Fle | boe— Ba SL Goe— | Fgpe— | Sore— ote | Pis= | oee— | Pee | cee | boe— Sos— | L-te— | GIS— | GIS— | gee— | Gse— Si us PiE— | Goe— | rete— gte— | Le— | the— | gbe— | ghe— | the— Pie— ) te—- | pte— | pe re—.| ege— | foe— SI GIL | gec— | brE— | ES-ge— gSe— | LSe— | boz— | 6Se— | L'Se— | gioz— Sle=— | ree | Bel— | oFE— | HEE — | HE— II og eoz— | BIE— | SoEee— Soe— | rge— | ge | ree | be | wio— ere— | 6Se— | L1€— | Pol— | b1E— | Lee OL 39 z6ce— | o'ge— | Eg rE— || gsE— | ocE— | BsE— | GSE— | gSE— | bSE— || HSE— | gSE— | PSE— | FSE— | oQE— | gisE— 6 gt LrE— | Sg€— | SL-FE— Coe— | oft— | ogt— | gtc— | TSE— | ote— L+e— | gee— | gee— | gee— | PEE— | S-EE— 8 98 | ghe— | PEE— | grze— |) PEE— | reE— | VEE— | goE— | EsE— GIE— || ocE— | ssE— | gre— | g1€— | s1€— | got— bee &g | gis— | 66e— | 11-Le— 66c— | 66c— | 6 gz— | g'gs— | EQe— | o'gz— 6-Le— | Los— | GSe— | 1'Se— | gEe— | Lis— 9 68 gor— | L61— | Sgbi— |} L61— | ogr— | Lo1— | gSi1— | oSr— | Erbr1— || Shr— | rbri— | Ger— | Lre1— | Ser— | osr— S ol gor— | gli— |] to€r— || G@1r— | osr— | Gsr— | GSeri— | ger— | &1— ber1— | obri— | brr— | ESr— | LSr— | Sgr— + Ser | sor— | tgs— | gois— || Eor— | Gor— | 6Li— | L'gi— | L61— | tros— || gire— | tres— | ECs— | Gbe— | ESe— | gSe— € oe goc— | Lio&— | F6'ga— 69c— | ELe— | grge— | E-gse— | oo€— | FoE— || G6e— | S6se— | Bge— | S'gze-- | E'6s— | E6e— z gt Cro— | S6e— | 1SLe— || wge— | Gge— | E6e— | r-ge— | rrgs— | LSe— rr9e— | gSs— | 6ge— | Sgs— | gle— | Lios— I asuvey | ‘xe “Ul uray “PUN qor y8 y9 y? ye uooNn qol ys y9 y? ye seq oo wes y “M ,OF (88 = 7 “IQQUIZAON ‘OOG6I ‘N Ob 9L = 4 ‘pioljaseexy [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 88 I'g S6z— | gLE— | 61-bE— || gr-vE— |LeEE— |gr'bE— |6EPE— log rE— lgSrE— ||gr'PE— |16-EE— |ee-rE— |Pg-ee— |SorE— |16EE— | ues fae) ees— | bob— | c16e— || oof— | bor— | L6S— | g6E— | For— | GgE— |) S'géE— | GQE— | SgE— | eLE— | |ge— | 16e— Ié PL zcE— | €6€— | SLof— || tgE— | SSE— | SEE— | SSE— | oSE— | 1'SE— || Sge— | gLE— | PoE— | SLE— Ege— | 16e— of bor | orf— | v1b— | L6-oS— || ++E— | r-EE— | geS— | ofE— | s6E— | HgE— || age— | 1°6E— | HOE— | PgQE— F6E— | bIb— 62 eL zee— | trob— | go:LE— || por— | cor— | bor— | P6E— | rLE— | GSLE— |) ogE— | ESE— | Sof— oL€E— | rSE— | 69E— gz ge o'ge— | gob— | So-6E— bge— | OgE— | tgE— | rob— | e6E— | L6E— || 66E— | Sor— | gor— bor— | 66E— | g'gE— ie 6+ L:LE— | ger— | Sr-68— || bge— | Ege— | rge— | pge— | r-6e— | 16E— |] 16E— | 16E— | FOE— | B6E— | zoh— Lob— 9z L€ g6e— | Ser— | o6rt— || gib— | bib— | HSP— | SEP— | por— | ber— || grb— | gib— | Erb— | cor— | Goh— Sep— Se gb gib— | pop— | 6rer— |] ver— | G€r— | per— | wab— | beb— | Pebr— |) Gobh— Sér— | Sbb—.| Eeh— | 6Sb-- | VEP— te ib Lip— | gSb— | 6S-€r— |] g-Sh— | bSh— | gbb— | reb— | beb— | o€b— |) bah— | Ler— | GEr— o€fh— | v&r— | Fer— 2 ge rib— | 6bb— | coz2r— || Ler— | ger— | SEP— | Sxb— | bob— | beb— || Esh— | gir— | Leb— | Per— obhh— | Obb— 14 SE Ci1p— | oSt— | Lo-er— || oSt— | ber— | beb— | bP— | grr— | Ebh— || LEP— | vErP— | SEP— | osbh— | GIb— osb— Ie BS ozr— | ebb— | ceer— || ber— | ber— | ofb— | HEP | Ler— | Oeb— || OEP— | VEP— | OEP— | PEP— | GEP— | SEP— o% le ger— | 6bb— | 66°Eb— PEr— | PErP— | sEr— | SErP— | gEr— | gtr— 6brp— | Sbr— | Sbb— | obr— | GEP— | obb— 61 ov oob— | obb— | Sr-eb— || ber— | ber— | Srr— | Per | obb— | SEP || Per— | GIb— | oshb— | wor— Sor— | veb— gi E11 | S6c— | gor— | 6zeLE— || gor— | toe— | SLE— | PLE— | rge— | gLE— || oLe— | aSe— | wLe— | rse— oL€— | 6FE— Lr r6r | ogr— | rlLe— | toge— |] 61E— | OeE— | o1E— | SzeE— | E1E— | E6e— || bos— | OEs— | Ecs— | Goe— 6ogr— | bgr— OL Sor | oLli— | SLe— | ebgr— regi— | bLr— | bgr— | egi— | rer— | Sbr— | wli— | bgr— gli— | gli— | L6r— | ree— Cr bir | obe— | +SE— | SgroE— | bhe— | Lige— | Egs— | 60E— | go€— | r0f— G1€— | si€— | o1r€— | HSE— | gEE— | GB EE— Fr o'or bEs— | #Ese— | Le-os— || +EE— | boS— | P1E— | FEE— | gIE— | gIE— || S1E— | ro€— | gge— | ELe— | ros— 9oSe— er gs goc— | tos— | ggEe— || 6be— | tee— | bos— | SEe— | Lee— | ges— |).g1e— | S1e— Lze— | gve— | LSe— | gSe— or ror | oSa— | 1SE— | sE-of&— $Sc— | SOs— | tle— | t6s— | L1E— | PeE— |] G1E— | GoE— | L'rE— | giE— | wEE— | gze— Il or géc— | L-ve— | or €E— | PEE— | o€E— | eEE— | SEE— | HcE— | L'sE— || g'E— | SEE— gre— | LrE— | gbE— | gEE— Or 96 o‘te— | go fE— | core — geE— | Le€— | Po€— | PEE— | 1'EE— | SEE— bie— | teE— | eoE— | gSe— | ole— | Lge— 6 66 zSe— | rse— | So-zé— || oSe— | Loc— | vs€— | HEE-— | Lee— | rse— |) wse— | PeEe— | ErE— E1€— | GoE— | ScE— 8 cans) oLe— | s€€— | Sors— || S6e— | Ege— | t6c— | gce— | geE— | oE— || goE— | gIE— | seE— | g1E— HcE— | bof— L 8 oSe— | SEE— | ggrof— || sof— | F6z— | LoE— tros— | L'cE— | grot— pee— | wEE— | SEE— | PeE— | HIE— | HLe— 9 rl o'os— | 'eE=— | Sgoot— HLlLe— | ole— | ege— | Sof€— | teE— | PIE— ree— | swx1E— | HeE— | HIE— | HE— | QeE— s 6L LSze— | o€— | Lorr€— || @rE— | PEE— | reE— | gi1€— | gr€— | Lue— || 1€— | or€— | r1E€— | geE— | goe— | Lo6e— + giz Gir— | €62e— | 6o%es— €6c— | tlLe— | ble— | 6Se— | aSe— | S€e— gee— | Lius— | ggi— | gSr— | &bi— | rer— & Ils 66 — | oL1E— | Or or— Fer— | tber— | ber— | Ger— | Ger— | Ger— eer— | osi— | bro— | pie— | FSe— | Lgs— z Ocr tLi— | b6c— | L6-qe— || bLe— | bLe— | bgz— | b6e— | bge— | HLe— wos— | sgo— | LLe— | LLe— | tbse— | ofe— I asury “Xe “UT ue "PUA qol 8 9 uP ye uooN yor ys y9 q? yz seq oo wss = Y "MOF 988 = 1 ‘saquia99q =“OO6T ‘N 6? 9b = 4 ‘pioljasery 89 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No, 4.] bg | O€€— | Ssb— | 06-g8— |ge-sE— Sh gE— |Eo6E— |1f-6E— |g6-gE— |go-6E— ||BE6E— |gl-gE— |g6-gE— |1S-gE— |16'ge— |eSge— | uray Ger | gEs— | LioS— | goree— bi€— | eee€— | gt€— | Loo&— | gSE— | SQE— || oSE— | L'SE— | SQE— | HSe— | HLe— | 66z2— 16 gal Ll@— | SvE— | Sb-lLe— gézc— | Loz— | gle— | t6s— | LLe— | toe— QIeE— | agoe— | F6e— | gEa— | ale— | bSe— of CLI LI@— | SOE— | groée— b6c— | bSe— | gcE— | bof— | FoE— | Sof— g'6c— | G6c— | boz— | 66c— | g'cE— | go bE— 6% LEr | Ste— | agE— | tg trE— || PtE— | go&— | HLE— | agE— | rgE— | PLE— |) gLE— | LEE— | oSE— | EFE— | o'ge— | oLe— ge Lehr ges— | Sgé&— | Labe— bLe— | €o0€--— | tboz— | Los— | Se— | g'ta— tos— | SlLe— | got— | FeE— | bSE— | BQE— Le OL EcE— | cob— | of gE— || bP gE— | 1'6E— | S6E— | tgE— | S6E— | sob— |, 6-6E— | FQE— | SLE— | FLE— | FQE— | GB FE— 9c ta S€E— | glLE— | ge-Se— ]| GEE— | PhE— | GObE— | 1T'SE— | GHE— | GBSE— || OSE— | EOSE— | G6SE— | 1-gE— | HSE— | E-QeE— Se o'9 Sof€— | Sabr— | EogE— || OQE— | HLE— | age— | GLE— | gLlE— | aLE— || rLE— | rge— | HRgE— | L-gE— | g-gE— | +6E— te HE ooh— | bLb— | Eatbr— || bor— | bib— | Gab— | PEF | ESb— | bor— || Qor— | HLE— | ELP— | OEP— | LSb— | 6-0b— &s 38 z6E— | ogb— | oo Sb— || Gor— | Q6E— | aeb— | ogh— | HLEH— | ohr— | Lbhb— | ber— | OShP— | ESh— | bob— | FH Sb— it gr gobr— | tSh— | Erer— || bSb— | bSb— | aSh— | Shb— | aorb— | PEP— || Hob— | sor— | sib— | srb— | o1b— | hIb— Ie Ear | o6E— | Er1S— | bE-rh— || gor— | S6E— | FOE— | H6E— | bor— | geb— |) wSb— | OLb— | GLE— | OQr— | FoS— |} Fos — oe o9 bSh— | P[e— | 99Oh— | HIS— | H1S-- | HIS— | GoS— | LoS— | woS— || L6or— | ooS— | gSh— | bgr— | tgr— | PLr— 61 Se GEr— | PLe— | SL’Sb— || bLE— | HLE— | oSb— | Sor— | S-oh— | L'Sh— || PSh— | HSh— | PSP— | Oh— | PSP | EP gr 99 €6E— | 6Sh— | SaEr— || bbh— | wSh— | HSh— | bSh— | LShb— | Sbb— || osb— | bir— | LOE— | PEP | HIb— | Sob— Li SL Sor— | ogh— | Ea Sh— || gib— | bab— | PEr— | obb— | Gor— | tLb— || Fer— | sor— | SLE— | bor— | GQr— | LL gr rs ger— | 6LF— |! orlLe— |! oLb— | bLe— | PLE— | SLO— | GLE— | gLe— || PLEO— | OLE— | HLE— | SEP— | Sor— | HLE— Si £6 Sol | Ser | oc bh= rer | EE— | erhe | bib | Pib— | ogh— Sob— | gor— | FSt— | bHr— | LEP— | rEb— br bsS oLl€— | Ler— | Caib— || Ser— | Sebr— | Leb— | Seb— | Seb— | bib— || bIb— | Loob— | breb— | GQE— | 66E— | PLE— €r g9 FEE— | cor— | gg°6E— || PE6E— | cor— | ooF— | 66E— | oor— | LOE— || G6E— | 66E— | cor— | g6E— | S6E— | F6E— ZI gaz zL€— | oor— | g&ge— |} 6 gE— | 1'gE— | bQE— | HQE— | tgE— | I'ge— Ige— | bRQE— | GRQE— | F6E— | GLE— | gLE— rr r'9 gse— | 66E— | EgLe— || L:LE— | bgE— | a6E— | S6E— | L-gE— | G6G6E— || GLE— | go bE— | L'SE— | GSE— | E-gEeE— | 1-gE— oI gr oge— | gebr— | ga ob— || o6€— | bgE— | trob— | ocohb— | FOE— | Q6E— |} sob— | aob— | bot— | osb— | gib— | Lib— 6 6o1 | So€— | tiF— | og gE— || b1rb— | broh— | Lob— | L-ob— | GQE— | orgE— || FLE— | S-gE— |} S:LE— | bLE— | PLE— | 6 +FE— 8 S11 | 6oz— | bge— | bHEE— || GHE— | TEE— | HeE— | HIE— | boE&— | LiLe— || TEE— | LbE— | L'SE— | gSE— | boE— | OSE— L rs I'vE— | s6E— | Fri-ge— || awLE— | tLE— | bgE— | ggE— | gLE— | gLE— || HQE— | FQE— | gLE— | FP gE— | L-gE— | c6E— 9 ool | S6c— | S6E— | Go'gE— |} bgE— | PEE— | EQE— | S6E— | F6E— | rgE— || SLE— | GQGE— | 1'gE— | FLE— | g—of— | S-SE— S Gor | ofs— | SEE— | grLe— |] SEE— | ocE— | goE— | b6c— | L'be— | Sbe— || HHe— | ESs— | G6Se— | LSe— | tHos— | rLe— + gz | bgco— | aib— | 1g-rE— || gge— | 66e— | brof&— | L:1E— | PEE— | ghE— || E-QE— | Lof— | aeLE— | b6E— | 6 6E— | F-6E— € L-6 6G1E— | gib— | ca-ge— || P6E— | L-ge— | b1ib— | gib— | O6E— | gib— || Gib— | oSE— | LPE— | HSE— | PSE— | 6 rE— & oy gge— | SEh— | Larb— || ESb— | web— | gib— | gxrb— | Soh— | brob— || groohb— | Lcob— | Gob— | o1b— | IIb— | Gor— I osuvy | ‘Xe “ULAT ues |] | IPUAL yor q8 49 q? “ye uoon qo. q8 yd y? yz seq oo uw cS = y ‘MOF 98 = 7 ON 6% 96 = 4 -pioljasery ‘Arenuel “JO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MORN. Sir ; bLe— {| 16€— | te-re— | es re— |LerE— lig bE— j€6rE— [1S hE— CLbE— || br-vE— |grrE— jog rE— jOerE— |Lrre— Sg EE— | ueayy 6S Sor— | ror— | 6g2b— | Hoh— | Leb— | o€b— | gib— | Lib— | Gob— |} Grb— | Lib— | wer— | Seh— | geb— | Ler— gz oL o6E— oLb— | 66-cb>— || €br— | oLe— | sor— (eSh— | bbb | PEP || aeb— | S1b— | Gor— | FOE— | Qroh— | goh— Lz ELr | 6Se— | eb— | €r-6€E— | sEt— geb— | w1b— | S6E— | SgE— | HRE— |] wg_E— | gLE— | L-ge— | L-LE— | L:LE— | gr—go&— 9% Soe | rlbi— | glLe— | rrLe— | 6of— | HLE— | rLE— | PoS— | HHE— | POs— || SLr— | L-gr— | gos— | or1e— | grooz— | 6gr— Se Ser | ggri— | &1€— | gq-9e— | 661— | Los— | gee— | Soz— | o'6e— | g6s— || Loc— | F6e— | Oge— | F6s— | GLe— | I'9z— te Laobe $6 — | 6ge— | torgr— || bge— | gos— | aSe— | oSc— | tros— | tor— || gor— | PrI— | Ger— | vEr— | 6o1— | eLr— €e oer | 8 — | Voe— | ores— || bLI— | SLrI— | ges— | tis— | gér— | gor— || gee— | Lis— | goz— | L'Se— | wSe— | Se— oe 98 ges— | bIE— | 6QLoe— toc— | OSc— | LSe— | LEs— | 6Es— | 6'ge— br1e€— | rof€— | 66c— | L6e— | Loc— | F6e— 1a Por ole— | +6E— | gL -€E— tos | b6e— | oGe— | Got— | g1E— | eet— bhE— | og€— | sLE— | ogE— | gLlE— | PoE— of bor | Soc— | L-ge— | LESE— || GOLE— | #RE— | LigE— | segE— | HLE— | gLE— |] soqE— | OFE— | SEE— | geE— | gbe— | a6e— 61 Z'Ql Eqe— | Sep— | SL-ce— i L-ge— | bge— | gée— | FI1E— | 1bE— | go SE— gLl€— | r6E— | c6e— | Lib— | GSeh— | bor— gi £6 EzE— | gib— | S6-QF€— | tQE— | OGE— | GLE— | #gE— | I'gE— | ELE— |] OSE— | gSE— | goE— | FLE— | ESE— | FEE— Ly Se SSE— | o6€— | 6L-LE— | GSE— | L-LE— | #gE— | o6E— | HRgE— | o-gE— |] L-gE— | orgE— | S'gE— | HLE— | FOE-- | PoE— gI Zou w6r— | PSE—~ | gg6c— | ESE— | 1SE_ | HSE gtE— | FEE | geE— |} gcE— | HIE— | HLe— | greoe— | zoe— | g61— Sr Lrt wOI— | GHE— | Efite— +61— | troz— | oroz— | woz— | Los— | gris— wee— | aSe— | gSe— | goz— | b6e— | 6'0&— Fr o'ol eis— | wir | EL ge gi€— | EFE— | PQE— | HQE— | S6E— | O'OF— rib— | vib— | arb— | gor— | bor— | bob— €1 ‘Ql Gle— | reb=— | geLe— rer— | Eb— | Srb— | cov— | F6E— | HLE— aL€— | 6SE— | FEE— | FEE— | L-eE— | HIE— SI Sor | eri | Por | ebte-— Fof— | b6c— | r-ge— | oge— | PLe— | ELe— || Gos— | 1Se— | HEt— | wee— | Fos— | z61— II Sor obi— | Lof&— | Loce— pli— | @Si— | see— | bes— | PIs— | wIs— Gos— | PEs— | ELe— | gle— | bLe— | o6e— O1 Esr | o6e— | Erib— | €6--E— bé6e— | -6e— | TeE— | HeE— | gEE— | I'SE— PrE— | gof— | agE— | GRE— | F6E— | C-gE— 6 S35 S-g9E— | obb— | bhob— tot— | +6E— | got— | gor— | s6E— | 1roh— |] BQE— | s6E— | Lor— | Gob— | Gab— | Fer— 8 fs gib— | rbb— | gSeb— rbt—~ | SEP— | ger— | beb— | geb— | beb— eeb— | bov— | FEF— | Far— | beb— | gor— L 6s gge— | Leb— | Lerh— sebr— | LOE— | s6€— | asb— | brov— | Erb— P6E— | GEP— | tbb— | brr— | Lob— | ghh— 9 gol rLE— | pop— | grer— || ash— | EgE— | SLE— | HgE— | eor— | gSP— gor— | Goh— | FH LE— i LLE— | HSH— | Seh— s to L6E— | rok— | 6aEr— || PEr— | PEP— | rroh— | SSt— | rhh— | aer— rov— | PEr— | Sx1F— | FEF— | oSh— | bIb— b Zir | of€— | aott— | go6e— bob— | Lib— | v€r— | gEr— | Lub— | Seb— || geb— | Loob— | tgE— | gSE— | LEE— | rEE— € 69 ScE— | FOE— | FS-QE— || GcE— | IEE— | gEE— | grE— | 1r'SE— | FLE— PLE— | SgE— | L-ge— . BQE— | FOE— | SQE— z tg Cé6z— | 6LE— | goSE— | SLE— | SLE— | CLE— | HoE— | SQE— | ELE— || FLE— | LE— | L-+E— | 6tE— +rE— | Osl— I | ! i —_ a — — a ee = asury XVI Ul uLoy “PUN yor us y9 ma ye uooN yo! y8 | yt ye Aeqg H sO wsts=y “mM orogs = 'N 6? 9f = 4 ‘pioljeseed *Areniqaq ‘TO6T 91 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] 16 | G6z— | OGE— | ga SE— |/SoFE— GoCE— |EESE— OG bE— [LEbE— ipgEE— OS-PE— |gS-SE— |66SE— |1L-gE— |cE-QE— |1gSE— | uvay r€r | LEs— | gof— | g&of— || ocE€— | HEE— | HoE— | S1E— | S6c— | Sgz— | Fbs— | tOsr— | tsE— | GofF— | Ege— | tos— 1€ or Gie— | ©Se— | Lete— || bto— aSe— | wSe— | HSs— | wte— | tEs— || Lee— | g€e— | abe— | Sbe— | PSe— | ete— of gtr | of€1— | glo— | 69'g1— gee— | bos— | gli— | #Sr1— | #Sr— | 1S1— rSi— | g€r— | Sbr— |} PSe— | trhs— | ghs— 6c gic | gér— | tSE€— | o1o0f— goo— | hLe— | gse— | Ege— | HLe— | PLe— bgso— | SoF— | bs&— | HSE— | o-FF— | S+E— gz tor | ofe— | tS€— }| go1€— tSE— | So€— | gi€— | So€— | 1€E— | 66c— | ECE— | HIE— | Sgs— | S6e— | goe— | b6c— Le f-€1 asi— | Sgs— | glec— Sgc— , LLe— | Lge— | *Sa— | bSe— | I'be— 6co— | Fos— | Sis— | s6r— | gSr— | 6Sr— for ol L@l— | Lte— | ob-g1— vér— | r€1— | gor— | wLi— | bgr— | S-gr— || g61— | Los— | Goe— | gie— | bes— | gee— Se SIL | gos— | ow€— | gr*Le— || ofe— | oSe— | HSe— | gSe— | sos— | bLo— zge— | oge— | bgz— | gige— | S*6a— | grot— be 96 EoF— | 66E— | oo bFE— |} LooF€— | gIE— | GIE— | awiE— | E1E— | ocE— | FEE— | oSE— | gSE— | boE— | e6E— | L6E— && age) 6SE— | rbr— | 1L-6E— || go gt— | PeE— | ggt— | FgetE— | EQE— | got— CLE— | gor— | eebr— | Leb— | Gebr— | SEr— ee 6¢ gle— | LEb— | gaib— 6Gsb— | gEr— | LEr— | Loob— | age— | g'gé— C6E— | oob— | beb— | geb— | bib— | S:1b— Ig rS | wor— | ESb— | rgeh— jf Frb— | Lerb— ; Grb— | Heb— | HIb— | gokh— | Seb— | geb— | Lbb— | aSb— | obb— | ter— ot tg | aSE— | ger— | g66E— || gEb— | wet— | oIb— | woh— | EQE— | gSE— || g6E— | gob— | G66E— | L6E— | b6E— | +6E— 61 gS | gr€— | gor— | tregE— || glLE— | HLE— | ogE— | s6E— | L-ge— | F6E— || boE— | FQE— | GOLE— | gor— | GB gE— | aSE— gr ol GrEe— | Lit— | FL-ge— |] 6 FE~ | w6E— | gLlLE— | bgE— | HLE— | wLE— || rge— | PgE— | Lrorh— | For— | For— | LiIb— Li 1'g €eE— | pib— | 60°6E— || b1b— | brob— | Lob— | trob— | S*gE— | FLE— || wLE— | OLE— | F6E— | BQE— | OHE— | OLE— Or Gs ESE— | gor— | 6age— || b6E— | GLE— | gLE— | GLE— | boE— | FoE— | L'SE— | tgE— | Frob— | F6E— | g6E— | cor— Sr tir | o6z— | Forb— 7 1gSE— || bob— | g6E— | oob— | Sof— | L'bE— | LicE— |) GOFE— | OFE— | HSE— | FSE— | grE— | FoE— br Sst | o6e— | Sxrb— | tgLE— || oFE— | FEE— | HLE— | HLE— | FLE— | gegf— || FP LE— | GB gE— | 66E— | trob— | tror— | 6'0r— €x Ly Z6e— | GEr— | Eguit— Hl axib— | brb— | Goh— | bIb— | Frob— | g6E— || gob— | aeb— | GErF— | QEr— | GEP— | Bar— SI L‘6 obE— | LEr— | gorb— || Gor— | rEhb— | HEP— | Leb— | web— | HIb— || ber— | PEP— | PHE— | SEP— | LEP— | For— Ir 96 gre— | Htr— | gSrb— |} FSE— § got— | SEP— | Eb— | sSE— | Eob— || obh— | HHh-—- | GEF— | SEP— | geb— | Ler— or ae | soe— | Faekr— | ggqioh— bob— | Sabr— | 6Ib— | gib— | 66E— | tror— || g6E— | F6E— | F6E— | sor— | Fob— | aor— 6 19 SHE— | gor— | of gE— || ooF— | gov— | bob— | r'otb— | FOE— | HLE— || GOE— | gSE— | aLlLE— | GoE— | HLE— | GLE— 8 g6 | sge— | ogE— | Eo€E— | o'gE— HLE— | Sof— | SEE— | beE— | ETE— || go€— | tsE— | LEE— | GoE— | g6e— | bos— L toate} oof— | Ege— | LrS€— || ex1€— | reE— | PEE— | ghE— | ELSE— | EQE— || E-gE— | 1-gE— | rgE— | PLE— | gof&— | bof— 9 gor | ege— | ggt-- | EL-Ee— || Sr1€— | b1E— | HIE— | r'6e— | HIE— | boE— Liu€— | ggt— | #LE— | 1'6€— | 6SE— | goE&— s oz rlL逗 | 1ré6e— | Exr-ge— PLE— | rgE— | gLE— | bgE— | 1'6E— | gge— |] FLE— | EQgE— | agE— | gLE— | L-LE— | 1-6E— v eel | gé6e— | osb— | er-Le— L-gE— | L:LE— | EgeE— | t'gE— | F6E— | HIE— || goE— | trorb— | Gob— | t1F— | gQE— | gIE— € 6z1 | So€— | bEr— | Sg6E— || HIE— | giE— | PeE— | HHE— | SEP— | SEr— | HEP— | PEP— | LEF— | Geb— | bEP— | PEr— & LS 6:0F— 9° 9P— gs eh— oor oer— | oeb— | ter— | Lob— | Erb— Leb— | FEr— | oSb— | abr— | Sor— | aSr— I asury XA “UIA uvoyl “IPIN yor y8 y9 q? qe | uooN yor 48 q9 y? ye seq oD wss = yy “Mr gs = ‘N OF ol = & ‘piofjaseey “Hore ‘TO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY, zos— | L6e— | 9$-Sz— | 16-Se— gS'Se— |€rse— |€o-re— losbe— |16-Ez— |/Sb-re— |1€Se— |Le-qz— |6gqoe— |er-Le— |to‘Le — uvayy 9s rgi— | L€c— | €goc— || Soze— | E1e— | Goz— | ggr— | &61— | g61— || roc— | eis— | Lic— | Sie— | 61e— gios— of Sb re1— | g61— | EorlLi— || g:61— g'gi— | SLi— | g'9ot— | 6Gor1— | S-or— |] Sor— | ogi— | LSr— | 6Sr— | SLr— } rlr— 6a zEI | o€1— | eoe— | oe-6r— || E-L1— | reLi— | rLr— gSt— | So1r— | ogi— || Egr— | SLi— | Lree— | sos— | Sre— | FFe— ge Sor 96 — | Ibe— | Ergr— rbs— | oee— | roz— | rgri— | rS1— | &sr— Egqr— | Leor— | bor— | L61— | 661— | Sos— Le gl | Sor— | teE— | 1g9ze— S61— | L-gr— | 6o1— | S:Li— | Sgr— | 161— rros— | obe— | 1'ge— | g6e— | sof— | 1:62e— gz OL Los— | o9ge— | glte— |] rbe— | rbe— | roe— | $Se— | rbe— | See— || o€e— | G1s— | Gse— | PEs— | L-bo— 9°gz— Se gl Lis— | €6e— | Loge— |] S-Le— | G6e— | Ele— | SSe— | OFe— | rbe— |] GEs— | Leee— | ESe— | ELe— | ELe— | Ele be rs bee— | SLo— | corbs— GSLe— | Loz— | &Se— | Libe— | Ste | EEs— |] SEs— | Sre— | Sbse— | Ssse— | Lese— | 1Ss— z £6 gli— | rle— | gore— || €€c— | o€e— | bre— | S1s— | b6r— | S6r— 9gI— | Sis— | Gee— | ges— | Ee— | 1Ee— tia CL eLi— | Lve— | oo1e— CEs— | pre— | Ges— | ooe— | S1e— | ais— GSoz— | ofe— | rgt— | ogi— | €61— | €61— 1d SOL soi— | boe— | olrr1s— L61— | bgr— | L-gi— | -61— | 6-61— | 1-61r— || gie— | Sec— | #Se— | troe— | gbe— | g'te— os 99 gbr— | bic— | Lelr— bia— | Soe— | toe— | r6r— | #LiI— | LS1— |) gSt— | gor— | wLI— | gror— | Lrot— | oLr— 61 oF B'9OT— | goz— | oggi— | F6r— | g61— | ogr— | Sgr— | bLI— | SLr— |} LLr— | bgr— | L-gr— | S-61— | E-oe— | S-oe— gr Le Bgi— | S€e— | 1€1e— |} gos— | gos— | toe— | roz— | 961— | 1os— boz— | goz— | ofs— | FEs— | SEs— | FEs— Li Gaz g6r1— | r1€— | Eorrse— vEe— | ofe— | bes— | boe— | Sis— | Srs— ese— | GEs— | bhe— | boe— | ggs— | t6e— 91 Sie) bye— | GoE— | 6h6z— || GoE— | coE— | 66c— | 66s— | g6z— | 16e— |] eoe— | Sle | bos— | b6e— | 66e— | L-of— Sr 39 age— | oSE— 7 9616— €1€— | Lot€— | b1€— | G1E— | to€— | L-of— reti— | bel | elie | Ghe= | Pele | rere Fr os of€— | bgE— | 6gSE— || gSE— | oSE— | +-+E— | 6rE— | g:bE— | 1-SE— || Ese— LofE— | FoE— | FLE— | t-QE— | 6'-QE— €r Sol ole— | peg— | Ertre— ooE— | c6e— | PHE— | HEE— | +hE— | ++E— PRE | @re— | BIE— | BLE— | Sok— | Pas— SI LSt Loos— | t:96— | zQ-6c— boE— | PHE— | PHE— | LeE— | gcE— | GI1E— Gof— | b6e— | bee— | gee— | oss— | GIs— Ir Iebr ig— | eSt— | te ba— Siz— | 6€e— | Se— | rlLe— | oge— | orof— So€— | aeE— | ghE— | OFE— | aSE— | FrE— OL rs S6e— | ghE— | 19-cE— orE— | PHE— | PIE— | ShE— | gi€— | orE— Lio&€— | bof— | LooE— | 6cE— | atE— | ob€— 6 os age— | gtE— | co-18— PcE~ | gsE— | EcE— | HIE— | F-6c— | g-ge— FoE— | gof— | EcE— | r€€— | ESE— | G1E— 8 961 @i— | CYE— | grle— Li€— | so€— | b6s— | Lige— | tle— | ELe— rle— | goz— | Soz— | 6Se— | ebe- | sis— L I'9 I'slI— | wgr— | og'g1— Slr— | S€r— | GSor— | egi— | SLr— | gli— || wLxr— | gqr— | GLr— | vor— | Sr— | GFr— 9 gic | Ger— | SrE— | oa Sce— ber— | bbr— | bbr— | ges— | -Es— | Le— || gle— | eofS— | b18— | HEE— | o-fF— | Lee S €-g gSe— | gee— | €6-0€— FeE— | oc€— | gr€— | e1€— | S6z— | gle— b6c— | boE— | a1€— | bi€— | 61E€— | beE— - gl gec— | go&— | oglLe— || got— | Lée— | gge— | tLe— | gSe— | rrbe— || toe— | rle— | L-ge— | bge— | bge— | rge— € bor ote— | bof— | Cro&— z6e— | ro€— | So€— | S6c— | bLe— | rle— gge— | F6c— | LiE— ace— | FofS— | bSE— fos Eo1 | oge— | EQE— | of E€E— |] grE— | oSE— | SEE— | br1E— | o6s— | ooF— || EzE— | 1-EE— | L-sce— | boE— | EQE-- | SrE— I asuey | xe | “Ul ues] PIN yor y8 u9 y? ye uooN yor 8 q9 uP ye Aeq | | aes (cae eae naa oo WSS = Yy “Mor gs = 7 ‘N or,9l = 4b ‘psoljaseey lady ‘TO6I 93 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. be Ss og — | rSr— | 6L11— |jrrer— |zgr1— |ge-r1— |rgror— |Sgor— |g6-o1— |/go:11— |rL'1r— |ez's1— |9g's1— |go'e1— |60°€1 — Uva gl gl — | rS1— | go11— || 9g — | OL — | og — | rg — | 06 — | Eror— Lerr— | r€r— | &€1— | abri— | Lbr— | ger— af tg eo — | Lxr— | goor— Lér— | eer— | Gor— | L6 — | 26 — | zo1r— || gor— | bg — | exrr— | S'rr— | Grr— | Es1— of ar zg — | ber— | gtor— || bror— | sor— | E11— | gor— | Lor— | $6 — L6 — | 16 — | Leor— | bor— | Srr— | S-1r— 6c Err ve — | €r1— | olvor— || eer— | Srr— | Lerr— | rer— | Lerr— | ber— || ber— | Ssr— | rri— | v6 — | gg — | HS — gz ar go —|oS —] see — | €€ — | Ge — |] ge — | Ss — | oe —| ge — || LE— | gE -— | or — |} oh —| Lb — | OF — Le re oe —|rbh —|]c&r — |} GSE — | rE — | re — | ge — | ge — | aE — | ge — | gr —| oS — | sg — |] a9 — | 99 — gz og 6S — | 6€1— | €S6 — oL — |} 99 — | Lo — | to — | oL — | og — EL — | Srr— | Ler— | SEr— | 6Er1— | Ler— So FEI | [0 ee1— | reg — || S€r— | ger1— | E-rr1— | Lor— | Gor— | 66 — || 6 — | Lo — | rb — | OE — | gE — | Le — te gh oo gt —]egrt —]} &r — | eo —]} ro —jor —|&r —far—| re —| Se —|be — | of — | of — | rE — &e gs ze — | og — |] 90S — || SE — | GE — | OE — | GE — | gE — | gE — |] GF — | Lg — | OL — | Lo — | GQ — | OL — oe 06 Eq — | &S1— | 9S'or— bl —|rL —|] gl — | gl — | 6L — | Lg — Il Eq — | Lor— | ger— | Svi— | &Sr— | Evr— re tg Sr — | Gar— | gS6 — |] Ger— | ver— | r11— | +6 — | €6 — | gg — || bg — | 66 —| gg — | Eg —|] el — | ee — fora] HE ge — | eq — | SoS — || eo — | *S — | ES —] or — | Hr — | SH — | ob — | rr —] eS —] os — | 6S — | rs — 61 gor re — | 6er— | eq — tr —|oS — | or — | LE —]| v€ —] Le — || vE — | gg — | HL — | Gor— | oer1— | Ger— gr 6L gor— | L-gr— | €r-Sr— |} Leexr— | rSr— | 6@br— | obr— | LEr— | gr1— |) Lvr— | eor— | SLlLxr— | Srr— | sor— | ggr— Lr os 6€r— | gis— | SLeor— rlr— | &L1— | Lor— | gS1— | aSr— | S-S1— || SSr— | 6S1— | egr— | Sos— | Eoe— | €61— QI 6 oo — | oS1— | ELor— || aSxr— | Srr— | LEr— | S€r— | Ger— | Ser— |) Grr— | wel — | &9 — | og — | EL — | og — Sr oft €9 —|€6 —] t6L —|} gL —| LL —}|olL —| SL —|eL—| eb —7y gl — |] og — | +g — | 98 — | 8s — | Ss — +1 xe) LL — | bbr1— | €ror— Sg — | oo — | 69 — | O98 — | ee = | oe = 6 — | Gor | Ger— | ber | ber— | ere— SE re o6 — | tbhi— | tosi— bri— | e€r1— | Ser1— | Leer— | Leer— | gor— || Lor— | Sor— | €or— | Lerr— | Ger— | Geri— SI Ev. 9g — | G&aI— | 69:01— eir— | Lor— | $6 — | 26 — 1; $6 — | L6 — oor— | groor— | gir1— | Esr1— | Ser— | Srr— Il S9 sir— | LLr— | el-€1— || gaui— | S1r1— | Gsr— | Ser1— | ser— | Ger— |} Gar— | abr— | SS1— | S-o1r— | Gor— | gsr— or gr Ger— | SLr— | SL-S1— |} SLxr— | wli— | 6o1— | SSxr— | Srr— | |br— || grhr— | LEr— | gSxr— } Egr— | Sor— | Eg1— 6 or Cer— | SLi— 7 €6-Sr— |) gSx1— | rS1— | #S1— | gr— | rS1— | Gbr— |} 6S1— | Sor1— | Eg1— | rli— | @lir— | olr— 8 £6 6Go1— | toc— | of b1— Loir— | r9o1— | obr— | Ger— | Lrr— | girr— gir— | rér— | SE€r— | &Sxr— | Gor— | o'gr— a ZO g't1— | gios— | go°61— || 661— | Eoc— | groc— | bgr— | E61— | L61— || g61— | S61— | L6r— | ELr— | rLi— | 6o1— 9 tr gz1— | oLr— | gobr— |} 6 F1— | PS1— | aSr— | ger— | Sbr— | ES1— || Obri— | gE1— | gEr— | ErI— | sgr— | olr— S ott | C6 — | S€e— | 6zq1— || rror— | gr— | eSr— | owr— | ror— | br1— |} rbr— | LS1— | 6Li— | gos— | Lis— | Ste— + to tLli— | g€s— | of-oc— ris— | L6r1— | rgr— | rgr— | 6 gr— | r0s— Tis— | oss— | gas— | S6r— | Gi1s— | Lres— € 06 6OSiI— | hPe— | goes ree— | c61— | L:gi— | gis— | res— | 1s— Gis— | owe— | Sec— | obe— | Gbs— | its— z cia eLi— | &be— | 661¢— Ete— | Leo— | oos— | rree— | ote— | Lrec— rgi— | SEs— | Soc— | &Es— | Srse— | Sirs— I asury “Xe “UTI uvoyl “IPUAL yor 8 y9 yP ye uoOoN yor 48 9 nad ye seg oo wu SS = Y “mM ,or.g8 = Y ‘N OF ,9f = b ‘pioljeseesy ‘ARI LOGI [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 60 ge— opt— jesi— johr— |6or1r— jerr— |160— |ror— |lror— |6r1— [E1re— oF go be ws br bo ge ae ar HE ot os or 6a'% br or 1 gz be Gz be ae 0s Er 6L‘€ L-+ as 39 Tb Ls ar Gs Ex os le 6+-€ Se get wr bee ge Ly ae oe oF vo gore of Le oe Qe ve gs os gt oe Eo— L6:0 Or Ql 6:0 6-0 go 6-0 ol ane os po gI'o So br Eo g'0 g'0 So 9'0 sO— Lee oe tro Zo or 4 ls Or gr ol I'o or bie 1S'o vi go— oI co= Ger or tape Lt oF Lo— Lor OL gc or oe lo-3 Er Gs lope Lr oe gS'o— Lo— Fo Zo— Eo or go So eo— ce oe 830 wee orI— o'o oo or Lape be or os are) bre ane ope 90 gil os ot Ley ok Pr oe oS-o— Lo fo I'o— 7o= go— 6:0— re oo 4 ge €E-0— 9g'0 to to foe) So toaze) 6:0 or go re— Sa — 6e— ve Cr br I'o oi oI os gir eEe— gco— Be bo So Zo oo ro or go rE SEe— eS2— Ge- ae= we oe eo id toed aa sg So oe— Lg1— i oe ba es oe prs oo go oi Lo c= Lre— 2 ee Sess i= ri to Sri— i a rr Seo Lo— 6bb— eEe— oe — oe— ee oh— br gr bs— bEe— 99-— bro— ogo I'9g— 6-S— gS— 9S— LS ogo 9S— 6eE— 8'6- 90'9—- ore L:S— roe gr— grh— So-— Zo gs— 8 oe— b6— Erg— b6— o-o— bs— g's— Le Lb— 2o= 6-S— L SIS bo— 6ab— rs— oS— ge— 9S— gs— bs— oo Se— 9 obr— ge= 6L:S— oh— rb bre oS — gr oo— o'9= 99— S e-E— 86- IL‘g— SL gl— bse bee gb— ab— os— eL— t ee— bL— gl-o— glL— | GL— | 6g— bL— eb— | &L— r'9— rL— € ge— PL— ebho— bp Eb — br rsg— ase rg— gs— oS — & rs— | 6g— |orL— || po— | eo— | go— | rL— | go— | go— || re— | ot— x “Xe “UT uray | IPLAL yor ys 9 q? qe uOoON qol seq 94 oD USS = Y ‘Mm or .88 = 7 ‘'N 6b ,9L = 4 ‘profjaseey ‘ounf “1061 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. or $¢ ol 26s bes 16% gre |PS-€ 69°€ joL-€ Soe ogc 9% Zee 1s re uesyl Ly rs to Cha Lr gs ve L-€ eb 6s oft be Cor Or vl to 1€é re LS g‘o gore go 61 61 or bo ee Le Lr os os oS Ve of os arb os te os os gs oe Le a ve gs o€ Le ge ws 6z of or Or ook of ee oF 6s S€ ar oe rs oe os re be gz er as Lr Lot oz ve oS os os comet or ge be oe ne ez Le le gt. or ste Es bat Sa ee oz be os gr E-z Gr os os 9z Or Lee go 6L'1 Or cee Lr rs os os Me cap Sr are QI QL Se Se 6s to Sh rz os os Se or gi or 6:0 go Lo ol on rie te Ge ee go ter gr le os ee re gr os gr er QI has Ql Ge of | &L Se IL ez gz aaa ag os oh laa ge Se ge re be oo gs 6S Io Et] os ges es or te ol ob lok 6:0 aaa go to Ie as oc oro gts gro bet be Ls ar br oF ot Or tape to go oz os ol OI- oto or 6'0 go 90 So ol 6:0 oro Fo Fo vo oo 61 sé oft So— L6'0 Zo or or wr Lr oe Lr Lo Zo ro go go gi Ib or to PLT ra gi a Se ve Ge Ss os or bo to go by ge Qs gi Obese gi oe be oe fe Le fs os le os oe oF or o'9 Leg Ee ors or sé ot os eae) 89 bo rs gr o'9 gr Se Cr S6 Cll os Lag $9 I'g ol 6OL ol Lor es Let zo be E+ or +r Ge LL ge 09'S gt es . | ob rs rime) as 19 or EL 99 +9 ol €r Ls gor rs S69 gs rk So CL of PL 06 OL UL 99 zo fore _ Ls a6 SE 6t-9 6s &9 &L OL gl SL o9 bo Z'9. es es os Il Lg 338 le suc gr Lo LL SL tL ol SL So gr gs gc 4 or Lz rs be gore ar ge ge e+ Sr ah ab re SP oF os ae 6 oc 9 9'0 Lo€ Ce e+ ob ac gr or br 61 6:0 LT Lt or 8 gz oe 90 oL't Een 6:0 or Br 61 os oe Sx Cr Sg ge gi L re Ce to Laaee to go go AG gil Ts bes Les os Gr go 6'0 9 es Lass 1'o sre Ge SE Le S"% ee bE be or haze) fo 9'0 Lo ¢ Lee Ez to Ito So Eo oo I'o foxe) 90 6:0 So o'r to Eo Eo - re 6s fo— S6'0 S-o— Zo ol or gil bani Gr oO'L Cr 9°0 o1 bo € 6¢ r'9 zo 9Q°1 Fete) L‘o L‘o IE Grr oan gi gil Lt oe Se of co 69 og vl Lob oe St 4 es gs 89 FL o9 gs got bes Lee oe : azuey | ‘xe “Ul uvayql “PUA yor y8 atts) yP ye uooN yor ag yo q? qe keq oo WSs = Yy “mM ,oF.g8 = 7 'N ,6F,9L = S -poljaseey “AInf “1O6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. 96 H. MOHN. ‘ysnbny “1O6T ‘piofjasver) ay} UL spiemyYynos Suryiom Aem sapun saquiazdag yyS oy} 07 Jsnsny EI oy} Woy , ad ee gio— 6g°0 |SS-o gg°0 |96°0 |grr |EL-r gor Sar Ego LS-o Ito o€-0 |SE-o ues at se— | H9— | Ler— PS— | gS— zS— |or— | gtE— | 6€— SE— |gt— | esc— | gs— r9o— | bo— I€ gs a9 9S— Le-+— rg— gb— ore ge— er— ab rs— as— er— i a ge— oe of Lt a se— 9S 1— ee lre— Lo— go Io gio— go— gi— ge— ee— ge— re— 6z gt gr osz— goo os bi 1'o Eo So go Lo to So ro So bo gz ae oF go gle go ar coon ws gic bE oft ve 61 Sz or br Le ob 09 gr se ve he gi Ss vb ar os 9S Le OE ub L€ 9c og Sts Se— Zoo ots o'r So le Lt Lo 9'0 6'0— e1— oo gi-— er1— Se gt fz e1— gro to Zo cape Or TE gio oo Ol 6:0 l'o— 9g'0— Lo— te Se Er oe ae £o'0 zo go gio— So rE zo ro— E-o— So— So— oo L'o— €e fz Ost e1— 9z'0— oo ro— Zo— 1'0 Exe) lo zo axe) bo ex1— orI— o-o— feted Sz Fr viI— La-o— go I'o— fo 90 io bo io S‘o— go— go— fae toed o1— ie ge oz 6°o— | glo 60— | go~— | &o gio So 6:0 61 Lr ae Pr orl 6:0 of 6'L os Tr Ler ll rT gt Le oor] Let 61 oe Lt Lt oz oe 61 Sz@ ok So 6a°1 Or Oo ol Sr bane Or Sr 1 el ol ol I'r gi rE Ser rel gle os we ot a or oe Ls ws I'l ot Le FE is gt 82 zo oth or 99 gs 09 oL 9s 6€ of ge Le 9'0 oz gI rl 9s Sr— Oc'l gs Le oe Sr ws oF 6% So E-o— or— or go— cr 6L 6+ oe — 6r-0 of gio Go Se ge 6% fare) ls— gi— ci So oe— +I or oz So gor— Se— rso— e1— to orl gio— oi ole rI— er1— S1— gi- £1 oe it G1r- Io‘o— Si 6:0— Zo zo oo To— Zo r'o— 26 60 Lo go oI ow ge ro— cer Or 90 Lo Sx fxr gi 6:0 SI Sz gt Or or II ge ot zo £61 be os le V's PE gs be br G1 ol 6:0 6'0 OL 3s tr bi Sor saxo) oes Le bE oft Sze Or 6:0 bo- ri— or— or— 6 gs nS) So— Lia So I'o— I'o So tr Ee Ly Se be bet 61 be 8 ge gtr fone) P61 aed re be ar ee Le Gr aL or ol or or L foley felted gio— 0g'0 vr Ql gil os se 61 60 so— to— go— I'o— g'o— 9 Lig be f-o— go'l oo o'o r'o— Sr gi g'l br gl Sl or br Q'l s os or QI 9s Lr Li bet bez fs ge Ga QI Se or ot Sz $ gs gS gil eee sé oz get one) Le ote oS S-€ oo ga os 6~ € ou ab os Eor€ ge Ga Gs Sz gc TE. Le He gt be ge Ls c fe Ls ane bos gz gz gz ge we Le or 61 ws QI ra oI I asuey | “xe “UL uvayl “PUA yor q8 49 yq? ye uooN yor ys q9 q? ye seq oo wes = Yy “mM ,or.g8 = 7 ‘'N OP 9L = yyQ2I 07 gst ‘psofjoseey OF 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. ik gS — | Sor— | 61g — |j1l-g — |Log — |oS'g — |tz8 — gol — |SEL — |ltoL — |lgl — |eeg — joss — jarg — jeSg — | ueopy be gii— | «Si— | gS€r— || Ser— | r€r— | E€1— | Her-- | Grr— | rer— Sér— | wbr— | Ebr— | Gbr— | rSr— | &vr1— of gs eer— | gli— | Leer— || 6€1— | g€r— | re1— | rer— o€r— | r€1— |] gsr— | S€x1— | oSr— | Lr— | rbr— | o€1— 6c og a Gér— | pjg— | bebr— || ber — €o1— | SLi— | 6Li— | wgr— | Sgr— |] egr— | Slr— 6o1— | rli— | &6r— ris— ge Grr | €6 — | gos— | EL-or— || 1°61— | L'gi— | g61— | Fos— | g’gr— glr— || gli— | Gor— | rSr— | Ler— | berr— | vrr— Le Gs zg — | Sor— | gl6 — |] Sor— | ror— | 96 — | 66 — | wor— 66 — || +g — | og — | $6 — | gO — | Fror— | For— 9a 6b o6 — | pbr— | Eger— || v1rr1— | we1— | wer— | ger— | S€r1— | gur— 6er— | gei— | vEr— | g€r— | E€r1— | ehi— Sze Ge ot1— | S1— | or-er— |} rér— | Oxr— | exr— | Err— | Ger— | Srr— Liur— | Lei— | Ser— | S€r1— | ger— | gir— be ie err— | €Sr— | gleer— |] berr— | Leer— | &€1— | ver— | Grr— G1xi— || Gxrr— | ver— | o€r— | gr— | rbr— | rs1— ee ge 6cr1— | L:Si— | ghbr— |] rSr— | SSx— | LS1— | &S1— | Err1— | ber— 6o€r— | 6Er— | Sbr— | Evr— | wbr— | obr— Zo es gl — | véi— | gear— |} rér— fj rer— | brr— | €11— Lor— | Sor— || g6 — | S&er— | grr— | Esr— | For— | G6 — IG rb Sg — | gor— | 1gL — |} gor— | 96 — | &g — | rg — gl —| gt — || eb —| 99 —}99 —}|e9 —] rl — ol — ot oF 6S — | Sor— | 664 — || gL — | gL — | Hg — | OL — | SQ — | OO — pl — | Lo — | #L — | 6 — | Sor— | Sor— 61 9s ol — | get— | to6 — |i-rer— | gei— | L1r1— | gor— o6 — | 16 — || og — | eg —| tg -- | gs —] 98 — | aE — gi es 9g — | &€1— | gor1— || og — | 06 — | o6 — | FE — $6 — | Sore || bri1— | rer— | of1— | +€r— | SEr1— | &E1— Li eS oL — | ter1— | eS6 — |) ber— | rer— | gtt1— | Lror— | €6 — | og — |] PL — | LL — | eg — o6 — | 06 — | gg — 91 ae 6g — | ret— | 1to01— |} g6 — | For— | wrr— | V1r— | Vor— 16 — || L6 — | Sor— | Sor— | eor— | GSor— | gur— Sr Ls 69 — | gor— | beg — || goi— | 96 — | &B — | 9g — 6b —|rb—! bb —| got —| ob —| gb —| gl — | bb — Fr Le pe — | rb —]trs — |] re —] os —]|] oS — | gS —|S9 — | og — |} eo — | gr — | es — be — | or — | ge — er rr ¢eg —}] ob —]Jaiurs —] er —] or —] rh — |] oF — ge —} rb —] &S — | oh —|S9 — | gh — | ob — | &Q — oI rb Sh — | og — | ito — rg — | gl — | Lo -— 19 — | ob — | gr — eg — | LS —]|g9 —|og—|Sb — | Sl — EE Le cg — | el — |oos — |] et — | +S — | op — | oh — | oF — | OE — rb — | gr —| 6S — | eS — | oS — | oF — o1 or Lo — | 9S —] o6€ —]] gr —] gr —]| 8S — | oS — | eb — sé — || opE — | QE — J] rr —j] ar — |] gr— | or — 6 L‘9 oo bo — | Sse — be —|g1 —| or — | wr — | Go — | 6 — 6€ — | gor — |] e§ — | gS — | Og — | BO — 8 oat gé — | rl —] esS —]} 99 — | &9 — | BO — ss — los — | Lb — | ot — | Lb — | gr — | aes — | eg —] rl — L 6 6c — | go —]erS —]|] g9 —| e9 —]} oS — |] LE — er —|gr—|] gS —| oS —| or —]| eS — | gS — | bo — 9 es o1 —|go—] 168 —]|| SS — | eo — | ar — CE — | Lo — | be —]] oe — | gE —| rr —|ar— | o€ — | ge — S es to gr —folr — || ++ —| gr —| ge —| be — joe — |} rr —} rr— | oo tro — | So — | Fo — j zo — + oft 0g oo op ape oo to 90 De Gs os os ur Sr ol Lo go € ve os tr — | 6&0 Lo g0 foxe) to go Lo br Lo so Io — | go — | Loo — z tg Nar og — | 61 — || go — | to — | oI — | 90 €-0 gr or — | 6% —|or — | gh — | OF — | oS — I osuey | ‘XU Ulf uvojl IPUAL yor y8 uo ye? ye uooN yor q8 y9 y? ye keq oo wss= YM Bf 88 = Y 'N oF 9 = b ‘priogasvey 1y,0F 07 449 aequie}dag ‘TO6T METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 98 [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM ‘329090 ‘TO6I HC tli— | See— | +6-61— || go°oz— |Proz— |60°0z— |Sg'61— |zg°61— Jog61— || tg’6r— jer‘oz— |Seoz— |Eo'oz— |gl-61— |o6'6r— | uvoyl I'ol Srr1— | gbso— | rr'Ee— rbte— | gto— | Sbe— | abs— | rbe— | 6Ee— abe— | SSe— | ofe— | e1e— | bos— | oos— 1é o8 GOI— | r6r— | Se€r— || 1-6r— | oSr— |} rS1— | g€r— | o€1— | Saxr— |] 6rx— | Lerr— | or1— | Lr— | Lrrr— | grer— of bro |) &rr1— | LSe— | 69°61— || €-Er— | S€r— | grr1— | Se1— | rhr— | Eoe— || L-be— | LSe— | SSe— | SSe— | ESe— | Sre— 6c ee ves— | L-be— | Le€s— || Gee— | S€e— | Lec— | re— | ge— | Sec— || See— | gee— | 6Ee— | OSe— | Ete— | Lte— ge te Gse— | 6be— | 96-Ec— Lbe— | Sbso— | rbe— | Sbe— | Ebe— | 6bs— bho— | ofs— | vEe— | Gse— | EEse— | LEs— Lz S€ e€e— | Loe— | goSe— |] gre— | 6Se— | gSe— | Lige— | S:os— | oSe— |] 6-re— | obe— | orbs— | Sbe— | rbs— | L-Ee— 92 SL bEs— | F'OE— | Sobs— || abe— | gSe— | LEs— | oSe— | oSe— | 6Es— || Ste— | Sre— | gte— | Ebs— | gSe— | rrgs— ce e-¢ Srs— | gé6z— | 6g-9c— Sos— | LiLe— | SLe— | ELe— | Sqz— | S-os— GSc— | €Se— | LSe— | Eoe— | Ege— | g6e— te as gre— | géc— | 6bLe— || gge— | o6e— | gle— | Gge— | L-re— | ggs— || Los— | gle— | Sge— | Sge— | LLe— | ElLe— &a oS €€e— | ggz— | grlbe— || L-ge— | E-ge— | bgc— | gge— | OLe— | LiLe— || boe— | Soc— | r-Le— | Soz— | oSe— | 6ts— os re Ses— | gSe— | gS-re— Lés— | Sbte— | Obe— | oSe— | ghe— | grre— €Ss— | Lbs— | rSe— | rre— | obe— | VEs— 1g ae Soz— | GEs— | o6ee— || EEc— | OEs— | SEs— | gEs— | gEc— | Sac bze— | ges— | veo— | beo— | les— | rese— oz eo gei— | rhe— | go3re— || gis— | S1s— | Ses— | vOr— | r1e— | rros— |} g1s— | rbs— | Lfe— | SEs— | Gss— | rres— 61 VL obr— | r1z— | So-gr— |) gos— |} ros— | ris— | L6r— | bgr— | oL1— |} 6or— | eLr— | rLr— | €or— | rg1— | rot—. gi os ger— | gSr— | or br— gir | otc. | Sta | toe | ree | oes. Clt= | Per | Ser= | rrr | err | er Li Sg bri— | Geo— | PS6r— || grr— | LS1— | rLxr— | ogr— | 6gr— | L61— |} sos— | Gos— | ree— | Les— | Bse— | Sis— Or 19 Per— | eic— | erte— Sia. | or | Sar— | ela | Por | er tot | Por | hr | egr— | Por— | wor— cr gil PLe— | v6r— | Srgr— Shims | Clr | ofiaee | &lr— | ret— | egr— rer | Ser— | oyt— | LI | Set | eer F1 ub eSr— | €61— | €S-g1— || ogr— | t'gr— | grgr— | 1°61— | e61— | Egr— || L-gr— | €6r— | o61— | Sgr— | bLi— | rlr— €r oe GSr1— | SLi— | 6eqr— || S-Li— | €o1— | 6Sx1— | gSr— | rror— | Lor— || E-gr— | sor— | Sor— | sor— | LSr1— | Sor— cat sé Lor— | sos— | Exgi— || gor— | &Lr- | SLi— | 6Lr— | 6OLr— | Ggi— || S6r— | Egr— | Lgr— | 1-61— | 6LI— | o61— Ir =u Sgi— | bie— | oroe— |] S61— | sos— | E1re— | Los— | Gos— | g'61— || oos— | soe— | 661— | 661— | 6-gI— | 1:0oc— oI es oCi— | Looo— | r0°61— S61— | g61— | Soz— | 661— | Los— | €61— S6r= | S6r— | far— | Gor— | 6oi— | eor— 6 ool goI— | g'gs— | stoc— Gor— | Pir | Svr— | ogr— | Oger | ber ig | Oze— | GEe— | SEe— | SSe— |) bre— 8 Ik, eeri— | €os— | goor— |]. 6'gr— | E-os— | Sgr— | gor— | aEr— | ghr— gti— | ogt— | Si1— | bSr— | obi1— | ES1— L os gei— | gli— | 66°r1— || Sbr— | LSr— | Sbi— | o€1— | r€r— | EEr— || SEr— | grri— | Go1— | GLi— } Sqr— | S:or— 9 Qs zor— | ggr— | o€Lr— || rli— | rlbi— | wlbi— | bli— | SLr— | 6Li— rgi— | LLr— | oLi— | Lor— | Ligt— | SlLi— s Ls bhr— | rgr— | gror— |] GLi— | rgi— | ogr— | gli— | ELi-- | Sor— || 6OSr— | GObi— | Ghi— | ESr— | S-S1— | ror— 4 Lg orr— | bwe-= | segt— Eor— | ror— | Gor— | ESi1— | Ler1— | brr— |) Gvr— | rLr— | S-gr— | 661— | L:gr— | o61— € ont geér— | gozs— | to 61— |} S61— | Soe— | Lioz— | oroe— | 6'61— | E6r1— S-61— | S6r1— | S6r— | 6or— | rLi— | Eo1— e oF brr— | bSr— | sS€r— |} obr— | ghi— | bSr— | rbr— | GEr— | obri— SEr1— | €€r— | rer— | Ser— | Gxrr— | €er1— I asuey | ‘Xeyl “UTTAL ueoy IPA yor 48 y9 q? ye uooN yor ys yo ur qe Aeq oO wss=y ‘Mm ,8f.88 = 7 'N oF ol = & ‘pioljaseey 99 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4] zo | Liuz— | 6Lle— | 6gte— |/1€Se— |r€Se— |LrSe-- |€rSe— jo6rs— |Lgetrs— ||LL-ba— [Sote— |1Sbse— jet be. |SSte— |g6'to-- | uvoy, 6s L:gz— | og t€-- | 60:cE— || go hE— | EPE— | 1'bE— | bE— | ovE— | GEE— || ozE— | gos— | o6e— | S6s— | S6s— | o1E— of Ls g6c— | &SE— | 6o'cE— GoF— | Lo€— | g'6c— | S:cE&— | ors€-— | b1E— G1E— | PeE— | seE— | geE— | EEE— | FbE— 6c Le goe— | Stre— | Er-se— || peE— | sEE— | SPE— | oFE— | SeE— | osE— || geoE— | oscE— | ofE— | SHE— | SHE— | abE— ge 6+ L:go— | gSE— | ror€— |] g-E— | ScE— | guE— | PIE— | oLE— | Qr6se— || S6e— | 1'65— | E6s— | o-OF— | osE— | 1eE— Le Le got— | See— | SeeS— || s1E€— | E1E— | S1€— | gos— | LuE— | sE— |} SEE— | reE— | rEE— | seE— | gzE— | ofE— 9a sé got— | &rE— | SosS— || geE— | of€— | aeE— | osE— | a1E— | SEE— || EFE— | GEE— | aEE— | SEE— | obE— | OEE— Sc fu gis— | ree— | EgreS— || geE— | of€€— | of€€— | oO€E— | rEE— | ScE— |} GeE— | EcE— | gIE— | eeE— | ScE— | See-— te hr gee— | aSe— | gl-rS— || gss— | ob€E— | a hE— | oSE— | oSE— | wSE— || esSE— | grE— | oSE— | wSE— | oSE— | oSE— &e SL 6Le— | pog— | goee— || rSeE— | gre— | grE— | ofE— | gSE— | SEE— | QEE— | OfE— | LicE— | seE— | gIE— | cof— co gs 6Le— | LSf— | geof— || €6ce— | 1r6se— | Fo€— | go€— | so€— | sof— || Sof— | tof€— | EoE— | ggs— | g1E— | gré— 1zZ og pSc— | bES— | bS-6c— || PeS— | geE— | PEE— | SaE— | gof— | 16e— || gle— | age— | SSe— | bos— | OLe— | GLe— ot SL S61— | gos— | EaSe— |} goz— | rr9s— | Lioc— | L'Se— | rros— | FSs— || PSe— | PSe— | PSe— | gEc— | PEs— | gee— 61 HL rbri— | Sie— } Sg'g1— Sie— | sie— | 661— | 6gr— | Hegr— | Sgr— || GLr— | LeLi— | gli— | Lr— | bLr— | ELi— gi re sé1— | E&o1— | go'b1— |} S-or— | gSr— | rbi— | wrr— | thi— | gEr— |] gEr— | uti— | oObr— | GSr— | wSr— | rhr— Li oar | ot1— | oge— | SL-eo— |] agr— | bros— | Sis— | gec— | t€s— | ofe— || Lees— | LEs— | wbse— | SEs— | GEs— | oge— or bo eee— | Lse— | ehre— LSe— | &Se— | gEe— | SEe— | LEe— | Ebe— || oSe— | rbe— | GEe— | Eve— | Ebe— | 1'Sse— or gl Gos— | &ge— | 16%e— | age— | E-ge— | 6'goz— | SLe— | Ege— | Ege— |) oSs— | GEs— | Gee— | G1s— | gis— | Gos— ti grr | W'S — | gee— | og li— Sos— | gos— | Los— | tie— | res— | eoe— || bre— | r6r— | Egr— | Gr1I— | og — | Fb — a Sor | €g — | ggr— | 69':01— || Eg — | gg — | 16 — | bror— | Sor— | 66 — Gor— | or1r— | osr— | Lri— | Leer— | g€r1— bea 06 Sor— | &6r— | 6gri— || ber— | Gr1— | Lrrr— | Sor— | otrr— |] Lear— |} glxr— | Sgr— | Sgr— | G6r— | wgr— | &Lr— It rir | Lu1— | giee— | 9SS1— || gSt— | StLi— | Egr— | ogr— | Sor— | bS1— |} Lerr— | bEr— | er1— | Lrer— | Gz1— | gee— ol 88 ELr1— | r9z— | Loiz— |i gEe— | wSe— | sqoe— | ghe— | Eas— | ree— || orgr— | GbLi— | G6r— | PLI— | Gbxr— | OLri— 6 sé L:gi— | ees— | g€oe— |) gigi— | S61— | 661— | 661— | Eos— | 1'61— || groe— | ree— | F1e— | gie— | gos— | Foc— 8 eat S‘or— | groz— | Ez6r— || goz— | soe— | L'gi1— | o61— | G@LI— | gLli— |} g'o1— | GLxr— | wli— | rgr— | e6r1— | 1-gr— L LL Lior— | the— | c661— || g'61— | goor— | rLi— | PLI— | GLI— | grgr— 1r6I— | ros— | wis— | Ses— | Sbre— | brre— 9 ae lEe— | Soa— | al-bo— Lve— | Ste— | e€e— | SEs— | 1rSe— | &be— Sbre— | gEse— | Eoe— + 6Se— | 19e— | EFo— S LL gc— | Sof€— | gl-Se— || Lee— | rbe— | gSe— | rSe— | 6Se— | EoE— || oo€— | 1-gs— | Eos— | tho— | Ste— | rbs— t z9 Loz— | 6gc— | gS'so— |] Sec— | G1e— | O1se— | Lroe— | aes— | Ses— |} Los— | E€e— | bEs— | gEe— | Lre— | bbs— € eS oze— | &Lo— | gobe— || Eos— | SSe— | r:Le— | oge— | Ets— | LEe— || Gee— | Sae— | Gee— | L'bs— | Sos— | ELe— z gr Lee— | SLe— | g6be— || SLe— | Soe— | ESe— | Sbe— | gEe— | i'be— || L'Se— | oSe— | bEs— | Sbs— | gEse— | rts— I asuey | “xey “Ul uvoyil “IPUA yor 48 yo qt qe uooN yor y8 y9 q? ye Avg oo wSS = 4 “M 8F,88 = Y ‘N OF .94 = dh ‘psrotyaseesy “1aqWaAON ‘TO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 100 eg | Soc— | Leé— | 066c=— |\EL‘6e— jo€6c— |rE-6e— |gE6c— |Eg'6e— |16°6c— |/6c-0€— |Eh'of— |Eaof— |rz'0f— |6z°0o8 — |zorof — uvoyl le Lo&— | gie€— }| sg1€— || 61€— | g1€— | G61€— | ozE— | O1E— | osE— |] gue— | saE— | oc€— | v1E€— | gr€— | r1€— 1€ 9 Sof — | gof— | 1o'hE— || o1E— | GoE— | GoE— | ocE— | acE— | grE— |] E-QE— | soE— | oQE— | o'gQE— | goE— | oSE— of ger | ef€e— | gSE— | iL1€— |] g-Se— | oSE— | o-bE— | oSE— | oSE— | gbE— || aEE— | OIE— | O'G6s— | bge— | PSe— | sEs— 6ze Es S€e— | gge— | 6€Q9c— |) SEs— | obs— | oSe— | gSe— | Soz— | grge— |] gge— | oge— | S'Le— | soe— | boz— | sgoe— ge gor | e9z— | ggof— | geEE— || groz— | ols— | ocE— | o€€— | L-EE— | EvE— |] OPE— | grE— | o'QE— | oQE— | S'SE— | S'SE— Le SL | Sge— | og€— | cecE— | o-gE— | ase— | SSE— | G-Ee— | SeE— | o€E— || oeE— | EoE— | s6se— | L'6e— | o6e— | L6z— 9z PS gbs— | oof— | grLe— || oof— | a6e— | age— | ele— | GLe— | OLe— || Gqze— | gSe— | gbre— | PLe— | goz— | gle— Se 9S SSc— | r1€— | gao-gce— || Ege— | L-ge— | SoS— | 66e— | Hgz— | gSe— || rLe— | oge— | gle— | SSe— | S6ze— | oof— te ry o'6e— | 1'EE— | go:0E— TPot— | o'6e— | o'6e—~ | SGs— | eoE— | roe— roé— | so€— | grE— | ocE— | rEE— | ofE— €a 6 SEE— | aLE— | Egse— ere— | S€E— | gee— | oSE— | og&— | E-Q&— gge— | EQS— | aLE— | gofs— | soge&— | L'se— oS sé ocE— | SSe— | Sc-ee— || Sce— | g-re— | o€— | E€E— | gee— | gee— || Eze— | PeE— | ocE— | geE— | SEE— | orE— 1a ot G1€— | Sre— | oeEE— || SrE— | otS— | wee— | ocE— | G1E— | GcE— || gee— | oFE— | gEe— | oFE— | wEE— | PeE— 0% oF QIE— | gre— | gese— |] ozE— | EcE— | vEE— | ateE— | ese— | gce— |} aee— | brE— | oFE— | SEE— | geE— | ofe— 61 wL oSc— | geE— | ge1E— || ose— | ecE— | gr€— | or€— | wrE— | go€é— || aee— | Sce— | e1E— | groE— | gof&— | &ge— gt ay ree— | Soo— | CEbs— || E-qe— | oSe— | ESe— | o-ge— | oSe— | oSe— || gre— | gEc— | gEs— | Ges— | bee— | 1ee— Lr 69 eeo— | r6s— | Lebe— || eeo— | eee— | bee — | ges— | r€e— | Gec— |] E€c— | obe— | GQs— | ole— | ELe— | Ege— 91 rg olz— | reé— | €g6e— || bge— | olLe— | rbe— | gle— | Ls— | o1€— || reE— | ar€— | s6s— | b6se— | oIE— | QIE— Si o6 oge— | oSE— | 16-1€— || S1€— | o-gs— | oge— | S6c— | r:1€— | teE— || EEE— | gEE— | oFE— | HHE— | QFE— | L'EE— Fr Be oze— | abe— | Er-SE— || GcE— | ocE— | g1r€— | oFE— | o€E— | sEE— || oFE— | O'FE— | OEE— | GEE— | HEE— | HeE— er So1 E1s— | gre— | Lo-go— Fib— | oe— | ere— | gte— | 6be— | Lot— o7of— | g1€— | 1r'9e— | ESe— | sqe— | obe— GI gs o61-— | gbe— | Si'so— Gig— | 68¢e— | ffe— | gee— | ete— | Sieg rbe— | &be— | Srse— | soz— | S61— | o61— II z6 QS[— | gle— | 18's— 9 gI— | oos— | Li1s— | ose— | Ls— | L'Es— ofSs— | ofe— | E'ge— | Sgqs— | goz— | gle— OL $6 oSe— | bhE— | oS-gz— || ExQe— | ESze— | L'Se— | t'oz— | orge— | groe— || g'Se— | g6e— | acE— | o€E— | EsE— | SeE— 6 So oge— | SPE— | S616— PEE— | oFE— | asE— | o1E— | Loc— | 1'6e— zwot— | ac&— | ofE— | GEE— | sEE— | S-c&— 8 601 Lrozs— | gI€— | 69'be— g1e— | o6c— | olLo— | giso— | sese— | oEs— eEs— | LEs— | gEs— | SEe— | SEs— | obs— L es €€s— | S-gs— | brgs— || Ebs— | LEs— | gEs— | oSe— | SSe— | ogs— || gle— | Ege— | L’Le— | gle— | ole— | ggoz— 9 gs oSe— | gle— | 1b9s— goc— | ole— | SSe— | aSe— | oge— | oSe— ooz— | Ege— | olLe— | ELe— | ELe— | SlLe— S oor | LLe— | pye— | gos€— || L-Le— | 6Le— | o-ge— | L-ge— | g6s— | Ese— |] oFE— | oQE— | Sof— | SLE— | ELE— bof — + z'9 o6e— | aSé— | 11-€E— || aSe€— | SrE— | ofE— | gsE— | GEE— | avE— | gEE— | ESE— | wsE— | osE— | grrE— | a1€— € Es gle— | SEE— | Sa6a— oo0f— | o6c— | 6'gz— | o6e— | 6'gc— | g'gz— || g6c— | 6 ge— | F6c— | age— | ToE— | FoE— z br got— | oSé— | 11-€E— || goE— | g1E— | ocE— | o€E— | EE— | seE— || gee— | SEEE— | GcE— | gEE— | PHE— | SHE— I asuvy “XPYl UAL uvoyl PUL yor 8 9 q? ye wOON yor 48 y9 iad qe seq oo wSsS=yYy mM Be .s8 = 7 ‘raquiss—aq ‘N oF .oL = 4S ‘pioljyasersy “TO6T 101 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] as Sse— | L-gE— | Seo€— |i 1e-9€— |Leo€— |19'9€— |Eg-—oE— |to'Q&— |e1-9€— |/Er-gS— |1e-QE— |Eo'qF— |o6-SE— |gr-gQ€— |or-gf— | uvsw z'9 L1€— | G6LE— | ggeE— || ocE— | oEE— | QEE— | gvE— | OLE— | I*gE&— |} S-SE— | rSE— | weee— | ofE— | asE— | ocE— 1é ol gLle— | aS€— | Eg 1€— |] ocE— | GEE— | LEE— | 1EE— | ScE— | oo€— || EoE— |. L1E— | beE— | g6se— | HIE— | b6e— of rb oLe— | &1€— | og:ge— || s6s— | ELe— | ogs— | oge— | oge— | g-gcz— || Ege— | alLe— | oo€— | oge— | g6e— | E18— 6c ot 6'6c— | SrE— | brs€— || Eoe— | E1E— | goe— | 66c— | b'1E— | goE— || FEE— | SrE— | ErE— | SEE— | asE— | SEE— ge ok SPe— | ozE— | gr6e— || oc€— | e1€— | w1€— | so€— | ege— | aSe— || goze— | oge— | ole— | L-ge— | gIrE— | ooe— La L‘6 ols— | Lof€— }] rL-es— || OSE— | gse— | aSE— | sse— | L-rE— | Leé— ! Lés— | ocE— | gSE— | GeE— | oSE— | reE— 9c ome) gos— | oL€— | S6ee— || ofE— | azE— | oSe— | aof— | SrE— | ahE— || reE— | r1E€— | Sse— | Loe—- | LSE— | oLE— Sc €or | oz€— | Sah— | go6e— | | ge— | oLE— | gLlLE— | Sge— | o6E— | o6E— || age— | agEe— | agE— | Sob— | Ssh— | reb— tc on oib— | Sot— | 161b— per— | rer— | ver— | veb— | ver— | ver— || rer— | beb— | Ser— | orb— | Srb— | exrb— &a or oot— | gth— | gg‘oh— || Got— | ort— | Srb— | trrt— | Srk— | rxrb— || Gor— | E-or— | oob— | oob— | rrob— | oroh— ae ga oL€— | g6E— |] Po-ge— || SOE— | 6 gE— | goE— | L‘6E— | gOE— | O-gE-- || ogE— | EQE— | ogE— | oLE— | GLE— | ogE— Is ee Sof— | L-gE— | teLE— |) age— | SofS— | ogE— | 1'gE— | Lge— | L'LE— || agE— | gle— | rLe— | gLlE— | ogE— | og&E— oc foes oSE— | o'gE— | gr LE— || ogE— | ogE— | glLE— | ogE— | glLE— |.o-gE— || orgE— | oLE— | oLE— | aeLlE€— | ro€— | groof&— 61 Lo g6c— | So€— | 1S EE— || sofS— | gSE— | EQE— | oFE— | OFE— | 1-bE— || grE— | OFE— | gIE— | g6s— | soE— | boe— gr os bof— | og&— | rr'E— || orE— | s1E— | bo€— | gIE— | gse— | oFE— |} abE— | gre— | gtrE— | aSE— | otE— | FEE— LY eS até— | S6E— | g6o-SE— || sre— | ete— | SrE— | oSE— | gSE— | EogE— |] L-SE— | SE— | L-SE— | gLE— | agE— | o6E— gl 3s c-ee— | €6E— | 16-9E— || E6E— | 6 QE— | E-QE— | grgE— | I'gé— | FLE— || boE— | rgE— | GBSE~— | oge— | SEE— | wtE— cr axe) GEE | ver— | ELSE— ese— | So€— | EoQE— | gge— | GSE— | sSE— || sSE— | LvE— | EvE— | SSE— | sSE— | 1'9E€— 1 &9 SzE— | ggE— | s6-qf— || ogE— | L:LE— | aLE— | ggE— | S-gE— | LoE— |} agE— | Eg_E— | GoOE— | FoE— | QSE— | S-cE— €1 5 sos— | &LE— | €6-EE— || FSE— | ogQE— | OLE— | toE— | O'QE— | L1E— |} OEE— | oFE— | LicE— | GrE— | SIE— | osE— SI Cage) ore— | el&— | LLrs— || weet— | oTe= | g@PE— | BeE— | Fee— | OOE—= | GLE— | HLE— | OLE— | SoE— | PSE— | OFE— a¢ 9S ere— | 66E— | 11r-LE— || EvE— | LvE— | rSE— | gbE— | oLE— | FLE— || GLE— | bgE— | SQ_E— | swge— | EoE— | LEE— or Lo EzcE— | o6E— | go'gE— |} o6E— | S-gE— | S-gE— | ogE— | ogE— | EQE— |] gEE— | 1'bE— | EEE— | 1EE— | GEE— | S-gE— 6 to 6SE— | Seh— | So LE— || sof— | swLlLE— | ogE— | GLE— | age— | EGE— || agE— | ELE— | GSE- | rgE— | ogE— | SLE— 8 oS o'9€ — | orb— | FL'OE— || O6E— | E6E— | DGOE— | O6E— | s6E— | Troh— || sor— | Ltoh— | O1h— | DoF— | ooF— | F-6E— L Lee o'gE— | Lob— | Lo6E— || o6E— | g6E— | OGE— | O6E— | O'6E— | o-gE— L-gS— | o6E— | g6E— | F6E— | P6E— | o6E— 9 CE C6E— | QEP— | 660r— | S6E— | g6E— | tror— | gor— | gob— | o1hb— gob— | arb— | gor— | osb— | gab— | aob— ¢ ose oobv— | aat— | Sarb— |} cat— | aab— | oaob— | ost— | osb— | o1b— || Got— | orb— | coh— | Soh— | Frof— | Eror— + Sz ¢6s— | ozt— | zS-ob— || ocoh— | g6E— | ocoh— | g6E— | S6E— | Eoh— sor— | gor— | Sirb— | oob— | SxIt— | got— & 6s ebe— | rot— | €S-LE— || ror— | L6E— | o6E— | SLE— | SLE— | sLE— || ogE— | LLE— | Go€— | soQE— | gSE— | 1se— c Sr gieé— | S&of— | FE bE— || S+E— | ghE— | LE— | eSE— | EFE— | oFE— || GOHE— | I'PE— | QeE— | SEE— | ofE— | SSE— I asury “XIN “UT, ua PUN yot q8 49 qr qe uoOoN yor 4g yo qh qe Aeq oo wsSs=y "MBF .88 = Y 'N oF 9b = b ‘prolyaseey ‘Arenuel ‘ZO6I [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 102 &9 | r9s— | HeE— | gbh-6s— | $S$-6c— 69'6z— |SS-6e— |gq'6e— |Qf'6c— jo€be— ||/EE6e— |Sa-6a— |Sb-6z— |eS-6s— |PS-6c— |1g'6e— | uvaw gr Gof— | LSE— | o€ee— || G1E— | @zE— | o€€— | 11e— | See— gct— || abe— | ghE— | oSE— | LPE— | go bE— | L-EE— ge br ofee— | PLE— | €6-SE€— || o€e— | e-be— | L-Se— | oLE— | 1-LE— | E-os— o9€— | wLlE-— | oLE— |} Lo&— | SSE— | S-SE— Le as g6c— | oSE— | grcE— | oSe— | L-+re— | L-+e— | S-eE— | ose— | orS— || sos— | o1E— | osg— | eze— | S1s— | azs— 9c eg f€e— | g1€— | ggbe— | g1E— | oog— ogs— | ogs— | EEe— | oge— || gge— | E-qe— | g:gse— | o'ge— | gla— | S:Le— Se 6:01 Igi— | o6z— | gg'Se— o6e— | Sge— | oge— | gle— | tros— | SSe— ble— | €Se— | €Se— | abs— | sis— | 661— ve U8 bLr— | gSe— | Lore— || LbeLr— | oSe— | gre— | o1re— | soc— gos— || g6r— | ooe— | E1e— | osse— | oss— | wie— €@ 98 Egr— | 6oe— | LS-1z— |} goe— | €-oc— | g61— | ooe— Ogr— | gos— || o1z— | gire— | gEs— | Les— | Ebs— | oSe— totes OIL | of$s— | og&— | 6L6z— || oSe— | gos— | Sos— | gle— | o6e— | S6e— || o6c— Sgz— | oo€— | gEE— | go SE— | o'Qe— IG os OrE— | O6E— | 6L-Q€— || o-g£f— | GSE— | grE— | grE— | ese— | oof&— | Log— gl&€— | agt— | Z-gt-- | bgéE— | o6E— oz oe GgE— | reb— | Leob— || 6ge— | L6E— | rob— | o-ob— | g-os— | oob— || Lob— | Liob— | Sob— | Gob— | grob— | Erb— 61 S€ s6e— | pep— | o€1b— || grb— | Grb— | G1b— | eeb— | Leb— | osh— || grb— | e6s— | oor— | r1b— | gror— | reib— gi Sz2 ogé— | Sor— | z1-6€— || Eor— | cor— | Sor— | o6€8— | 1-6s— | ogE— || oge— | o6€— | gge— | S-ge— | o6E— | o6E— Lr rer | &le— | -6E— | brof— || b6E— | o6E— | agE— | ogE— | ggs— | oge— |] eLe— | elLe— | ore— | wES— | OS— | a1E— or o9 Soe— | SeE— | ol-Le— | 6-ge— | ELe— | ole— | GLe— | gle— | wle— || oLe— | S-oz— | L-oz— | o-ge— | S0€— | oge— or L6 Ste— | wre— | Shr1€— || g1S— | Eo€— | o€E— | LeE— | rSE— | geE— | oce— | Ges— | S1€— | Soe— | 16s— S-ga— or 39 S1s— | ogse— | oo'hs— o'ge— | oge— | obe— | orbs— | obs— | aEa— ete— | Gee— | ere—- | ete—- | 6be- | ofe— er us ELr— | o€e— | 1602— || of€e— | Lze— | ges— | ges— | S1e— | tbros— L61— | 661— | ooe— | g6r— |} L'61— | g:g1— GI at Lor— | glr— | g1-Li~ glxr— | oLr— | LebLi— | SLxr— | 6Q1— | rLi— |) oLr— | obL1— | elLr— | Leot— | gor— | ali— II I'9 6vrI— | o1e— | 1€-grt— |} bgr— | g6xr— | Lioc— | sos— | g-gr— | o61— Spr | oLr— | poeT— | ola— | ot7— | ola— or eb GC@l— | vcos— | 66-91— Egr— "| GLr— | &Lr— | GLri— | gli— | o€1r— of€r1— | oSi— | ggr— | Sgr— | 6Li— | 6'gr— 6 SL gor— | rbs— | LE-gi— | tgr— | ogi— | ogr— | gbi— | oLi1— | glr— S-gr— | GLiI— | ELi— | 6o1— | g6r— | ofs— 8 bur | ere— | 6eE— | oS-Le— || SEe— | sEs— |. ere— | groe— | r:Le— | L-os— z6e— | g6z— | GoE— | orE— | So€— | a1E€— L oh oof— | g:bhE— | Sr-1€— O1€— | &sE— | gcE— | a1€— | Eo€— | geE— o'sE— | &1€— | oo€— | o'co€— | r'o€— | sof— 9 6'9 oof — | 6'9E— | aabE— || coE— | oo€— | o1rE— | ocE— | oSE— | og&— LSE— | gof— | to&— | aSE— | ogE— | S-QE— § feat gre— | rlLE— | 119€— |] ogE— | ogE— | go&— | g-—gE— | LigE— | o'QE— || o'gQE— | EQE— | ESE— | gos— | g:Se— | oSe— + gb E1re— | OSE— | SgEE— | gSE— | gSE— | oSE— | GHE— | oSE— | OFE— |] o-bE— | gsE— | ETE— | ocE— | g:eE— | oeE— € Le vie— | rSE— | oS-€E— || ocE— | geE— | pEE— | oFE— | ecE— | SHE— | 1-+E— | o€E— | SrE— | Ese— | OSE— | E-+E— z 6b S6e— | PvE— | og-zE— || bhE— | ahE— | S-EE— | bHE— | oFE— | SEE— || ocE— | grE— | E1E— | r1€— | o1S— | oog— I asury | “xe “Ul uvoyy PUA qor q8 9 uP ye uooNn yor us 9 qh ye seq oo WSs = Yy mM ,gf&o38 = ¥ ‘N oF ol = 4S ‘pioljasery ‘Areniqay ZO6I cO =) = TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4] 6¢ g1é— | SLE— | CrbE— |/EghE— |EPrE— |CrbE— |coEE— |grEE— |6g-ce— | SEEE— |rorE— jog hE— jog tE— [LE rE— jeg rE— | uvoyW L‘6 ros— | gSE— | Loo€— || S6e— | bLe— | 1'9e— | GSqe— | L-Le— | 1:Le— || Loz— | gof— | gr€— | weE— | ase— | gse— 1é or E1€— | OSE— | GEEE— || 6SE— | 1:SE— | SrE— | PEE— | GsE— | OsE— |] osE— | EsE— | PHE— | OFE— | SIE— | ozE— of gt gle— | be&— | Sz-o€— bcE€— | GIE— | GoE— | o6e— | L-Le— | L-Le— || o6e— | s6s— | r1€— | gI€— | orE— | G1E— 6a ob gbe— | gr€— | EgoE— |} gr€— | S1E— | bof— | F1E— | s1E— | PofS— || s1E— | goE— | o1E— | g1E— | 66e— | o6e— gc Ivrr gli— | 6gs— | obiz— 6gz— | goe— | 1'Se— | oee— | gros— | S-gr— 6Li— | €os— | Sos— | S6r1— | r61— | Lgr— Le sé O-br— | Pgi— |} tgor— || bgr— | ogr— | rgr— | rLi— | gor1— | rror— |! LSx1— | EQor— | ogr— | wLr— | 9°S1— | gror— 9c tg oSr— | bEe— | goLi— |} SS1— | Lor— | SLxr— | OLi— | 6S1— | bS1— |} Go1— | rgr— | Sgr— | LeLr— | bLi— | glLr— Se 9s @Ppl— | roe— | 6gor— || SLi— | Sor1— | 6br— | PSr— | S-o1— | L'Sx1— |} oL1— | gor— | ogi— | gli— | ggr— | agr— be SLi | glr— | &SE— | bE-1s— || ggr— | ogr— | g61— | boz— | S-os— | Gos— |] o1s— | sie— | o1s— | eie— | Lere— | oeE— € LS S1€— | wle— | oa bE— || S1E— | ob€— | gEE— | oFE— | gEE— | geE— || PEE— | o'FE— | OLE— | I'9E— | GO FE— | ESE— ze L6 €Ss— | oS€— | rL-ge— || oS€— | gtE— | EsE— | o1€E— | Qge— | gos— || ESc— | ESe— | 6Se— | soz— | S-Qz— | g—oz— Ig 19 bLle— | SEE— | S6-6c— blLe— | ege— | Sge— | G&ge— | s6z— | 66e— || g6c— | a1€— | S1E— | QIeE— | sIE— | ocE— oz £6 E1€— | gov— | €6rE— || Gce— | gre—. | reE— | LEE— | oFE— | grE— |} GFE— | oGE— | EQE— | oLE— | gLlE— | E-gE— 61 Ls s6E— | GF Pp— | oreb— || s6E— | oob— | Fob— | Loob— | o1rb— | Lerb— || Gab— | rEr— | otb— | grr— | Grh— | eEr— gi ae orb— | abhh— | ESsb— |] gEr— | abh— | rbb— | gar— | geb— | Liub— || gav— | orb— | o1rb— | osb— | Ser— | geb— Li eS L6E— | osb— | grob— osb— | orb— | sohr— | Lioh— | orrb— | L6E— gor— | 66€— | For— | 66E— | Eor— | oob— gI rb 6-ge— | ofb— | Exrcrb— | bob— | sxb— | ofb— | Leb— | Gor— | Lob— |} Sor— | Sxrv’— | Exrb’— | Gub— | r1ib— | GgE— Sr 16 GEE— | oEF— | Lo-ge— || SgE— | sLE— | r9E— | gSE— | PHE— | ErE— || SLE— | GQE— | ror— | goh— | Erb— | reh— tr G2 orb— | &€>— | rosb— || osb— | gubr— | osb— | Gar— | erb— | Sxib— || orhb— | osb— | o€b— | Lesb— | Esb— | Geh— €r 6% Gob— | ger— | er-eb— |} ozb— | o€b— | owbh— | Lirb— | rrb— | wib— || Gor— | bIb— | gEr— | SEP— | OEb— | Ireh— SI es ogé— | SEb— | Leib— || Ler— | osb— | ger— | Lib— | G6E— | ogE— }} F6E— | g6E— | Seb— | geb— | LEr— | OEr— Il Le Ege— | osbh— | EL-ob— || Gib— | Exrr-— | oshb— | gub— | EgE— | 6 gE— | ooh— | 66E— | Sxb— | EIb— | Gob— | Gobh— or ap ogE— | cob— | 66°LE— oob— | L6E— | ooh— | rrob— | age— | olE— oL€— | rlLée— | elLE— | olE— | gg&— | oge—- 6 6% gSE— | Lgé— | FL-o&— |] gSE— | gSE— | ogE— | 'gQ&— | E-LE— | eoQE— |] 6SE— | age— | gLE— | aLE— | Lof— | GLE— 8 o9 rL€e— | r€r— | gL 6E— |] glLe— | OLE— | rLE— | E-LE— | gge— | s6E— |} sor— | Sib— | rEr— | wsb— | orb— | orb— L E-9 oSE— | Erb— | og'ge— || Erb— | aib— | oohb— | s6E— | age— | oSE— |] oLE— | ogE— | ggE— | ggE— | S6E— | EOE— 9 ub a ge— | &eb— | goroh— || o6E— | o6E— | age— | EgE— | o6E— | s6s— || g6E— | Looh— | Ssb— | web— | sib— | osb— S gs o9&— | giit— | go'ge— gib— | o1b— | gor— | g6E— | o6E— | 1°gE— Ege— | ogE€— | age— | oLlLE— | tof— | og&— v be rse— | glE— | ES-gf— bSE— | boFS— | soE— | og&— | OLE— | ELE— || oLE— | ELE— | HLE— | go&— | Lo€— | rse— € o9 rbE— | rob— | EgoE— || oSE— | 1:bE— | oSE— | r'SE— | soe— | oSE— || grE— | agE— | OgGE— | g6E— | g6E— | ooh— z gl EzE— | rob— | EL*Qe— || 66E— | oob— | S6E— | OG6E— | S-gE— | sogE— |} o'gQ&— | 1-g&— | grE— | ahE— | oFE— | GecE— I asuey | “xv UAL uvoy] PIAL yor q8 49 uP qe uooN yor «| ys y9 WP ye Aeq Dj ass=y ‘m,sf.s8 = y 'N or,9L = 4 ‘proljasees ‘yarenw coet |2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY, H. MOHN. 104 ol ore— | age— | obbe— ||gbSc— |Le-bo— |16-Es— JerEs— |Lb-oc— |LE-ee— || rleee— |€r-bs— jorSz— |1a-9e— jol‘ge— |ES-oc— | uvow rg og — | ror— | gLor— |) t1r— | r11— | 6o1— | 66 — | tg — | gg — |] gs — | 96 — | b6 — | gO — | TS1— | ToI— of Gor | ep — | vS1— | LL-g — Lii— | o6 — | €S — | gor — | Ob — | FS — &g — | 96 — | S&or— | var— | ber— | rer— 62 6s Sg — | bri— | g&sr— || bbr— | Ebr1— | Ler— | grxr— | ber— | grxr— |} Lror— | @€r1— | rrr— | Srr— | Prr1— | rer— gz Lo og — | Lbi— | Sterr1— || o€1— | osr— | rg — | Lg — | e6 — | oror— || goor— | g€1— | gx | abr— | G@sr1— | Sr1— Le Ger | Sg — | bre— | gS-Er— || 6g — | $6 — | Lerx— | Ser— | Lerx— | gror— || S-€r— | GEr— | L-or— | r61— | SLi— | EL1— 9z a6 FII— | gos— | 68or— || oLi— | 6S1— | grrr— | rsr— | Leer— | rbr— |} So1— | rgr— | 661— | Eos— | GLr— | glr— Se Let | &er— | oge— | 1ogi— | E-or— | Eor— | atr— | wSr1— | E€r1— | EEr— || 6Sr— | Sgr— | gos— | Gee— | rbs— | 1'Se— te gr ube— | 6'ge— } goros— || SSc— | 6Se— | ogs— | L'ta— | SSe— | 1'Se— |] SSs— | PSe— | SSe— | aele— | S-gse— | 1'ge— €e 98 Gcs— | S1€— | gl-oz— || oge— | Soe— | 6Se— | Lbz— | 6be— | SSe— || sEe— | L-be— | g-gs— | O'ge— | soE— | sote— fre} $s Les— | rgs— | toSe— rgs— | tlLe— | L'e— | SEse— | wEo— | ste— ofSs— | g€Es— | ESe— | Eqe— | Sgoe— | L'ge— Id SL BSgI— | Fgqs— | LoEc— L:Se— | oSe— | GSEs— | Er1s— | 661— | ros— Lis— | res— | Lés— | rée— | bro— | Sos— oc 3s ves— | o@Le— | €6-re— || SSe— | oSe— | obs— | Ozs— | sec— | ofe— || FEs— | oSe— | eos— | SlLe— | HLe— | rle— 61 vs S1z— | goe— | S6-Ex— |] goc— | Soc— | SSc— | Ete— | ges— | gie— || Grs— | gee— | oEe— | vEs— | Sbe— | Sbe— gt tL SgI— | aoz— | bgic— rSs— | LEs— | sEe— | gis— | L6r— | sos— €61— | 6gr— | S6r— | tie— | ESe— | soz— Li Sol L-Li— | oge— | oa €s— oge— | gEe— | ose— | Lros— | a6r— | OLI— Eoc— | SEs— | OFe— | ESe— | GLe— | BQe— QI ¥9 Gis— | &ge— | Sxr-Se— || SSc— | SSe—.| oSe— | Ere— | wes— | oEs— ree— | eSe— | Sbe— | Sge— | Sgs— | ELe— SI os bSe— | boS— | of Le— || SLe— | Sos— | 1r'9s— | OSe— | gSe— | r'9s— |} Lioz— | gtlLe— | Ege— | gos— | EoE— | ogso— awe 66 rés— | o€€— | g6-Le— || o6e— | r6e— | rlLe— | Ebe— | bhe— | Sbs— || SSe— | Los— | Q6a— | QIE— | oSE— | osE— Ct 36 gzz— | beE— | gole— || beE— | Poe— | ags— | bLoe— | GEs— | gEs— Le— | Sos— | gtos— | a1€— | Sof— | g-go— SI Lae) ooc— | tzE— | te-gc— || Ege— | gle— | ole— | ELe— | ELe— | ELe— || Eqse— | Gge— | coE— | teE— | EsE— | s1E— £a oe S-6z— | ocS— | SS-o€— || o1E— | 66c— | 66c— | L6z— | o'o€— | o'oF— || geoE— | grooE— | o-sE— | G'0F— | oIE— | greoE— or re I'gs— | ai€— | gb 6c— SiIe— | Eo€— | F6e— | Loc— | F6z— | o6s— Sec— | 1'6c— | t'gs— | b'ge— | GOE— | b6z— 6 Oe @le— | ris— | Eose— r6ée— | b6s— | L:gz— | OLe— | E-ge— | gge— || b6z— | groE— | bI1E— | SoF— | G66c— | soE— 8 LL ivoe— | FVE=— | oc'6z— Soe— ge— | bLe— | ble— | bLe— | ELe— || ELe— | ole— | E6s— | vIE— | gEE- | HHE— L 99 goz— | see— | Er-6z— || aEE— | L1€— | oo€F— | tge— | ale— | 6ge— |] oLe— | Sge— | S6z— | s6c— | ggs— | 1'6c— 9 oL Sge— | SSE— | So-c€— || o-ge— | so€— | LoS— | goS— | L:1€— | grE— || grE— | wcE— | SEE— | wSE— | prE— | SrE— ¢ 9 b6z— | pog— | EoSE— || PrE— | PEE— | GEE— | osE— | gIE— | g6s— || PoE— | G1€— | L-E— | gSE— | aSEe— | geeE— + tare) Gge— | oSe— | gw be— ree— | pee— | sSe— | are— | rEE— | osE— r1é— | o€€— | GSzE— | grE— | LEE— | wee— e I'9 gge— | 6ObE— | 6gcE— gSE— | go bE— | r'bE— | GFE— | gsE— | gIE— g6c— | ocE— | g1€— | gcE— | 1'EE— | SrE— c to g:le— | obS— | 6b1E— || obE— | LeE— | L-eé— | o1€— | L6s— | Ggs— || so€— | s1E— | LeE— | seE— | ax1€-—- | bof&— I asury “XB UL uvoyl “PIN yor 8 49 yP ye uooN yor 8 y9 q? qe Aeq oJ um SS = YY 'M Sf .88 = Y ‘Tudy ‘ZO6I ‘N oF ob = 4S ‘pioljaseesy 105 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] &o9 Sg — | Obr— | Shri— |/FEs1— |el-r1— |g6o1— |LE-or— |zg6 — | £66 —|/Shor— |Se11— |LS-311— |egrar— |ee-E1— |govEr— | ueayy ve Zo ee — | Sgr — || &e — | Lo — | 60 — | bo — | Go — | or — || Sr — | Se —| be — | ee — | sve — | oe — ré HL a1 so — | ogee — re — | re —|6or — | gr — | gr — | br — le —|o€ —|SE—|aee —| Sr —| Ls — of 39 Lo rg — | oof —] oS —] eS —] g& — | br — | ar — | rr —/ go — | er —| or — | oh — | OF — | oF — 6ze 39 Ge — | Sor— | Sgr — ji oh — | ar —| ar —|] ge —| g& —] ar —j oh —]osS —jas — | SS — ) ag — | ob — ge 6°6 Ge — | ber— | SLL — gl —|eaeg—]/ 19 — | So — | rh — | or — re — | &g — | gL — | rer— | bei— | guiI— Le or 99 — | SirI— | 19g — Grii— | eg — | og — | SL — | ol — | go — el — | eg — | rg — | sor— | Lg — | &11— fora} ub oLb — | S&rr1— | 616 — || Erz1— | Sor— | o6 — | Sg — | SL — | wg — || o6 — | Bg — | Sg — | 06 — | g6 — | Gor— Ss Sg gt — | &€1— | 6L-g — || o6 — | og — | oL — | r9 — | gg — | Lig — €L — | sg — | 96 — | gur— | ger-- | gim— te re gS — | Gor— | Lgl — Le —|gg—]ll —|go-— | gS — | 69 — go — | gl —| rl —| +6 — | 16 — | 6 — €s zg os — | e€1— |] g&g — |] «es — | eS —| eS —]| eS — | 69 —] ab —]} eg — | OL — | og — | grr— | Ver— | Ger1— Be 99 gg — | bSr— | g&r1— |) Lor— | Eor— | g6 — | o6 — | gg — | E6 — || Err— | oar— | ger— | Ler— | Str— | rhr— Is ve ret— | SS1— | gg€r— || Sbr— | 6€xr— | Ssr— | Lsi— | Ger— | Les1— || O€1— | Ebr— | E€r— | Sbr— | Lebr— | Lerr— os SE vii— | otr— | tr€r— || obr— | SEx— | Ser— | oOrr— | wer— | Ser— || EE1— | gEr— | rbr— | GEr— | FEr— | Ssr— 61 re sor— | &€r— | torI1— orr— | rrr— | rrr— | gror— | Gor— | rrr— Loo1— | G1rr— | 6er— | &E1— | of1— | Gar— QI Cor | gL — | &gr— | €etr— ]} LSr— | &br— | g€1— | ger— | LO — | baur— |) ver— | Lbr1— | rSr— | So1— | Sor— j} LLr— Li Le gti— | SLr— | ghS1— |] SL1— | gg1— | OS1— | ES1— | wSi1— | rS1— |} oSr— | rS1— | Gbr— | OFr— | ESr— | mS1— or Lb g€r— | &gr— | geSt— || oS1— | bor— | SSr— | Lbr— | bhri— | shr— || Ser— | Ler— | obr— | LSxr— | ELr— | Sor— Sr ol L-6 — | Lor— | Sg1— |] L€1— | o€1— | Ser— | Leer— | rri— | ver— |) gé1— | bhr— | rSr1— | SSx1— | ror— | wor— Pr 6g aL — | rot— | ggir— || ror— | otr— | Str— | gE1— | obI— | rir— |) xrr— | Sor— | g6 — | h6 — | Gor— | eg — €1 S-9 og — | Ser— | tg — | eg — | ob — | ol.— | al — | go — | 6&9 — |} ol — | og — | Sor— | gor— | Ger— | rIr— oI os eir—= | bere 4 ogtre Grr1— | Sxrr— | Srr— | osr— | osr— | reér— gEri— | &vr— | Lvi— | 6rr— | ohr— | rSi1— 11 br PIT— | FOI | sorr— ror— | mSt— | G€r— | Ser— | Grr1— | Ssr— || G1r1— | Ger— | Gxrr— | LEr— | ger— | Gei— ol gt €11— | 6S1— | C6c1— Goi— | Lr1— | Sar-— | brr— | SIr1— | garr— For— | S€r1— | Ger— | gSr1— | 6Sr— | Li— 6 6s CE1— | b6r-- | Leotr— gti— | 6br— | wSr— | SSr— | LSr1— | 6Sr— Gor— | goi— | G@or— | rvlr— | ré6ér— | rli— 8 gor eci— | gag— | Lrli— rli— | LULr— | €&or— | grri— | Ser— | Ser— Sbi— | bor— | G@Lr— | Gos— | ree— | bre— L Eg of1— | O1c— | Eg-Lr— || oros— | S-61— | Egr— | rLi— | gbi— | L€x1— |] oSr— | SSr— | ror— | E61— | S1e— | ore— 9 6 Let— | 6ts— | r0Li— || Ggr— | 6r— | S-S1— | ESxr— | 6 tr1— | rSt— || SSi1— | SLi— | Sgr— | oLr— | gli— | Sgr— ¢ br oS1— | ¢61— | o6o1— || S'L1— | SLr— |} Lror— | gSi— | ES1— “‘rS1— || USr— | LS1— | bLi— | F61— | GLi— | grgr— + gs eé1— | Legr— | g&Si1— || L-gr— | Sgr— | FLi— | oS1— | oS1— | rri— Le€r— | bEr— | GSEr— | LSi— | sor— | &er— € 9'6 og — | oli— | g&er— |] SExr— | 6€1— | ehr— | ger— | Gor— | L6 — |) Lor— | Ger1— Ger— | Lor— | Ler— | &er— G BS: rg — | Sér— | go6 — |] SEx1— | bur— | For— | ro1— | e6 — | c6 — | O6 — | Bg — | 9g — bg — | -6 — | gri— I asuey | “Xe IAL “UTA ues “IPUAL yor y8 yg q? qe NOON, mot yg 9 qh qe seq oJ wu SS = Y ‘M ,8E,89 = iy ‘ACK “ZOGI ‘N oF 9L = & ‘pioljaseesy [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 106 gt es bo Se of | 6a-% | 6L:2 | Sr€ | ire Jere 96% | 69°2 | 9-2 | bx | gz | bor | weal OG Oe of ork I'o1 +6 OIL gor gl Lo Ss 99 z9 9s ab ge of Ls 16 ve 63'S gs BS tL ro tL pa) ah +E &-g 6+ ob Sb 6z sv gl ee ot Lb ee 6€ $S rs ib Sr bh orb ob Sb gh ge gh o'9 or o'€ o9 ge ge LE os ge Ge bs oe gs ote SE Le oP 6-9 ve Ley og gs ge Sia 9S 3s gr SS ib ay oe SE ge ad ss or Ege Le ge gt as Ly gs eb 6€ 6% ge ge Ga Se be or Ql ote os Sz Le QI 61 ts 9% gt gil Ot os ge be S-+ z9 Lr Sg’E Let ae Le Se Es ge Ga gs o'9 rs ge tr &@ Sr gs Eb 6L‘+ bh “es SS os Ly bh eb eb oS gb os os ze a) 68 oe gis 6b ss ia) EL ol OL &9 as gs Le of ee Iz se Ls ee gle ge os ab es or be a or ob gé ty ae oz oe Lv ET PEE L€ oe oe oe Lee oe Gz os er rb er rb 61 Ly Ly [exe] oL-r gl LS PA QI Ls care ls Cr oa Pr Zo oo gr ve oS oo— Lg'o Io to 9'0 fete) Lr PL SL Or 6:0 So vo an Li ah or Fo S61 QI ol foie al or OL br gr be OL L‘o ls ohe 6 ot ro €L'1 Gz rE oe Sz Ss gt go go 60 to a gt St bE Ee oo gol Vs Ol he be rs gs Le fond o'r go L-o oo Fr or a9 boas S64 ert os ot gc rb Le z'9 Sz gs gl gz oft €r 99 $6 gs 69°S oe gs ge b9 rg 89 Ig &9 gs 6s E-9 os SI gl Sg Lo EE-h Ls oF or gr gb bh rs Lb gh o€ ots ve Ir ga 6% L'o barr gil 60 oa gir ber 60 1 orl gil Zo go rel OL 6s of ro Ilr go cro go go as Gr Or os Ly be Lo ro 6 Lb re QI goo 90 to gio go OL oe gc IL oo Zzo— go— or 8 [obey or g'0 Ets gr aoe 6s PE bE lore 6s oS 6s i's br 9°0 L FSS, SF 6o— S60 I'l go ro OL Ce ve Or be gr oo— ros go— 9 o'9 or i €6-0— So— gio— oro bo— g‘o I'o So— Eo Gi— gi os — co S ay Ol = gg'o— oe co— zo Zo toate) fe) foae) L:o— er1— gi— bo ls- + 6'9 or oe— Lo‘o— vo eo Lo Gs ote go So go— ei 61 gi- gi & LL Ls ob— 1S‘o— br— 6o— go— 90 a os Ir so go— ot— oe — oa fod Sg or qy- ier gi— 6:0— rI— Lo ZO go— oo o> go— So ge or— I asury “XB Ul], uvayr “PUN yor y8 19 yy ye uooN, yor yg y9 yP ye keq od WSS=Yy "mM ,gf.88 = ‘N OF ol = 4b ‘psoljasery ‘ounf ‘Zo6! 107 TEMPERATURE. 1898—1902. No. 4.] “qqOe OF gst , vb g°6 le Eg'S srs | ges | SLS gS | ots | borg srg =| gag | BOS ow =| gah | ars , Urey oF ol ot ol o9 6s gr es 1g os Sg os tas a tr oe ok oL ie oF is gS os or ot os Gro gir 6:0 Lo'9 OE Ee OL L-6 o-6 36 gol 69 es ae 6-0 cies 61 ats) 9°6 or ofS or ei br oe gb br og gL 98 69 6 99 gr ws oll gs ELL &g $s gl bh a6 Ls Sor 16 ol o9 ol 89 bi gtr ok bo gl: ol ay or oe o'9 rs. oe and o¢ oh gt or 91 by o'9 ar fgt re gt os ve rb rs or be ge Gs Lt or Sr 6r rg ae o6'b ab t+ He gr oy gl 99 ors tr or lola ot vr 99 PII gr gah gr sue Coase} o'9 6L kage} &g LL $9 toate} gs 9 €r S9 OIL or €o'g Lot 601 SOL gol 2a 98 SL +6 +6 o'9 es or oI ok Sg Grr SOE oF gs gé ak oe re gb ge gt rE be ie Il ws 6-9 Sr Lie 6s ls os Gs oe bE os Le oh ge ob Le OI orl roar | Gs Lol Yr oe Ly 6s gh Qor Os zg og ol og gl 6 Zor Orr 80 Seb ol S-or for 39 bs 6s Pe Lt QI Br 60 go 8 eri lel 60 go's 60 or ge Gs Ga oe OF Zor +6 EL oO g'6 L Sg Or Gs tog Zor O1L rs 9S rs Srs. 1'9 So gr SP or ae 9 Ig Sor ve LYE ga os ot ze oS ub bat oF rs oe gs be ¢ pee Lor VE oL'9 ob 69 Lol ae) gl rome) 9 Lo or 6b as 39 + gb og Pe 60'9 os aS to to ae) 9 gs ae] gs o9 of rome) S 9s gl os oS'b gl o€ SE o€ SE oe oft oc) to o9 Lp ol z Lb IE bs 888 os £6 06 36 Sg Lg z'9 gsr I'g 38 Ol 6g I asuvy | “xe | “UNA uray “PUA yor yg y9 q? We wooN | yl 48 49 qh ye &eq oo wSS=y 'M ,8f,88 = 7 'N OF 9b = 4 ‘pioljaseey ‘Ainf ‘ZO6T 108 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM THE DAILY PERIOD. The numbers in the last row in the Tables on pp. 63—107, giving the monthly means of the temperature for each even hour, have been corrected for the march of the temperature during the month, and re- duced to Noon in the usual manner!. The mean of the reduced 12 values has been taken, and the deviation of each of the 12 numbers from this monthly mean calculated. The following Tables contain these deviations, expressed in hundredths of a degree Centigrade. Minus indi- cates below, plus above, the mean. TEMPERATURE OF AIR. DAILY PERIOD. 0.0! C. January. Year 2b | gh | 6b | 8h | roh|Noon]} 2h | 4h | 6b | 8b | rob | Midt.|/Days 1899 —20|) +10) —EL) Iq) Poy] +07|) Sr) —4t) —te| +22] +04) —3r] 32 1900 —45| —17| +o9) +11) +10) +14]/| +38) +07) +1315) +12, —08) —4o]} 31 IQOI +51] +10) +48] —or] +16) —42|| —18] —12| —68) —22) +34) —or]| 31 1902 +15} +09} +35} +22} +04] +12]/ +13} —390] —38] —36}| —o2) +04] 31 Mean oo} +03] +20} +12) +09] —o2|| +16 a2 —26 —06 +3 —i2 Smoothed| —o2| +07| +14] +13] +07| +05]} +02] —13] —20} —o8} —or| —o4 February. 1899 —15| +15 oo} —o3} +39) +or]| +06) +33) —18| —14| —27| —11|| 28 1900 —go| —28) —17| +57| +31) +30|/ +63) +46] —22)| —32) —42| —46]| 28 IQOl +55} +07| —10}/ —36| —10) +28]| —29 oo} —38) —2r) +37) +16] 28 1902 —13| —06] —o4] +03) +23) +15]/ +18) +12] —18] —o7| —21} —06/]} 28 Mean —o7) —03} —o08| +05] +21] +18]) +14] +23] —24| —18) —13| —12 Smoothed | —o4| —o4] —o03] +06] +16) +18]} +18} +o 9] —11] —19}| —14| —o9 March. 1899 —7o| —85|— 71| —46| +08]4+ 71\|+ 96) +25] +67| +57] +02 75|| 31 1900 —9g1| —48)— 89) —66} —14/+107|/+ 94} +99] +19} +02) —o8} +or1!! 3r IQOL —13) —88/—131) —63) —25/+ 73//+141| +75) +28] —19| +o1| +12]] 31 I902 —63;/ —38/— 62) —63] +16|/4+ 81|/+125| +67| +22) —o2| —30| —51]| 31 Mean —59| —65|/— 88) —59 —o04/+ 83]/+114| +67| +34| +10] —og| —22 Smoothed | —60} —75/— 80] —60] +05/+ 83]/+110} +70] +35] +10] —o8] —28 ! H. Wirp. Die Temperaturverhiltnisse des Russischen Reiches. Erste Hilfte. p. 9. 1898—1902. No.4.] | TEMPERATURE. DAILY PERIOD. 109 April. Year | 2b | 4b | Gh | 8b | rob] Noon!) 2h | 4h | 6h | gh | roh | Midt.||Days 1899 |— 93)/—104/— 82'— 20 +68)+ 7o))+105 +109 + 82) +24] —57/—108]| 30 1900 |—224/—216 —209.—104) +44)+189 +227 +259\+213) +46] —49/—175|| 30 T90l |—127|—141|/—122,— 63} +29/+112//+163/+130)+ 54) +30} —16]— 54|| 30 1902 |—179|—201|—157/— 51) +41|+175 |+207\ +192, +122 +38) —67|/—119|| 30 Mean |—156|—165|—142|— 59 +46/+ 136 |+176,+173/+117] +35) —47 —114 Smoothed | —156|—165'—142|— 59) +46) +136 4 176|+173\+117| +35) —47|—114 May. 1899 |—148|—102|— 35) —o7, +39:+ 104 [+117 +110/+ 95} +25| —57|—139]] 31 Ig00 |—230|/—235'—148, —26, +60 +171 +176|+210|/+163) +82) —65|—164|| 31 I9g0I |—112 Hig) 15 —35) +13,+ 75 j+ 80\+ goj+ 87 +40} +03/— 51]| 31 1g02_|—150|—166 —i09, —06, +234 101 (+151|+159| +102 +38) —38)/—103] 31 Mean |—160|/—154'— 92! —19 +34 +113 ji 131 +142)+112| +46) —39|—114 Smoothed |— 160) — 154|— 92| — 18) aq) bros |leags +142)+111] +46) —39|/—114]] June. 1899 |— 80|— 53) —58 —06) —10, +72\|+ 99/+ 49] +50] +39) —14| —84|| 30 1900 |—135|—T112| —57) +05) +20! +89 )|+105/+105! +70) +31| —23| —97|| 30 1901 |— 64/— 71I| —61 —45, +16 +6r|/+ 55/4 65) +41) +41] +07) —44/| 30 1902 |— 78/— 77) —62| +11; +23] +47]|+ 60/+ 85| +56| +16 —37| —4o]| 30 Mean |— 89|— 78| —59| —oo/ +13] +67]/+ 80/+ 76} +54; +32| —17| —66 Smoothed |— 89/— 78] —51) —16| +21/ +60|/+ 80)/+ 76] +54| +25 —I7| —66 July. 1899 |— 73/— 68) —94' —19| —13 +46 /+ 96)+ 106) +71| +06) —14| —44/| 23 Ig00 |—103/—123} —60, —49 00} +39) +114|/+120] +75) +56} —o2! —63]| 31 I90I |— 79|— 68, —60) —36) —12| +68/+ 78/+ 77) +62) +27 00] —57/|| 31 I902_ |— 63/— 84) —50| +25| +69) +48|/+ 42/— 14) +42| +19] —06] —o7|| 20 i ae — 82/— 87| —66) —25) +07 es 86)+ 79 . +29] —05| —47 Smoothed|— 82/— 87| —66| —25| +07 Seyi 86|+ 79} +61) +29] —o5| —47 August. 1900 |— 45|—124|—143|—108) —4o|+ 37||+108/+141 abe +76) +10] —34 8 I90I |—252|—264|—216)—144| — 36|/+140||+280\+344|+252) +48] —56| —96|| 31 ba ce — 59/— 77|-- 72/— 50) —15)+ 35|+ 77/+ 97/+ 75] +25) —o9] —26 Smoothed|— 59/— 77)— 72/— 50| —15!+ 35+ 77/+ 97/4 75] +25] —o9| —26 September. 1898 —o1| —53] —53| —32| —o7| +63])/ +31] +37] +49] +27| —08) —53|| 11 1900 | —19) +24] +31} +40] +24) +19] +43) —17| —35| —33) —32] —45!! 13 IQOL —441 —38] —38| —08| +29] +54]| +85) +56] +03) —24] —39] —41|| 30 Weighted —27| —26) —24| —o2) +19} +48|| +61] +33) +05) —13| —29) —45 Mean 7 Smoothed| —32} —26; —19| —o2) +19) +48]| +51/ +33] +05) —13) —29| —37 October 1898 | —32| —16| —16| +03! —11 +18 +15] +55] +30] +16| —32| —30|| 31 1899 | +28) +83) +52! +05) +12| —28)| —73| —48| —16) —22] —37) +49|| 8 1900 —20| —o8| —28) —31) +11] +25. +39) +17) +11) +17) +06) —33]| 31 1901 —14| +04] —20] —39) —23 gt +35) +36) +16] —o5} —06| +03]! 31 ae he —18 oo] —16}| —20| —o6 +34. +22} +30) +16) +07) —13) —15 ean Smoothed} —13]| —og} —13] —15) —05 teal +22) +25) +17} +04] —o9} —15 110 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM November. Year 2h { gh | 6h | gb | rob | Noon] 26 | gb | 6h | 8h | rob |} Midt. ||Days a ¥ 1898 —16| —48} —19] +46) +12} +30]; +05) —o7/ —12} +13] +11] —II}) 30 1899 —42}| —17| +24) +08] —o8] —o4/} +04} +09} +29] +06) —o6|} —10/]| 30 1900 +21} —35| —48} +06] —22]/ —37]/ —o9) +05) +35] +36] +38) +11]| 30 IQOL —26} +20} +36] +30] +19] +10]} +03] +03} —17} —18} —29| —27]|) 30 Mean —16] —20] —o2| +23 fete) oo |} +01] +03] +09) +09) +01] —og Smoothed| —15] —14 oo] +11} +06 00 ]} +01] +04] +07} +07] +01] —o9 December. 1898 | —19| —46| —o8| —17| —o8 24 +42 +39 —33| +08] +21 +23 31 1899 +o1} —o1] +04] +25! +40) +23] +26) +11] —33] —63) +06) —4qa2l! 31 Ig00 oo] —o9| +16) —27} +19] —04]} —18) —44) —11] +14] +50] +21]| 31 IQOI —o8| —36] —29| —32) —52} —39]; —o2| +26] +50] +58] +56) +13] 31 Mean —o7| —-23) —o4; —13 oo} +or|| +12] +06] —o7} +04] +33] —o2 Smoothed| —1o0} —14] —11| —08] —o03]) +03]| +08] +04] —o1z] +09} +17] +06 Dark Season. Mean | —o9| —o7| +01] +05| +03] +03]| +04] —o2| —o5| +02] +06| —o2|| The last column gives the number of days in each month, from which bi-hourly observations have been available for the determination of the daily period. It will be seen that all the months from November to June are represented by four years, while the other months — parti- cularly August — or the months in which the Fram was under way, are less frequently represented in this respect. The means for these later months have been computed, giving the numbers a weight pro- portional to the number of observing days. They are designated Weighted means. By plotting the means and drawing a free-hand curve, I obtain the numbers headed “Smoothed”. In these as well as in the “Means” the sum of the negative numbers is equal to the sum of the positive numbers. In some months, April, July and August, no smoothing of the numbers has been judged necessary. The smoothed numbers may be taken as the best expression for the daily period. The minima and maxima of the smoothed curves have been calcu- lated by a parabolic formula!. The following Table gives the hour and amount of the minima and maxima, their difference or the daily peri- odic range, and the “Mean ordinate”, or the mean of the 12 positive and negative numbers in the row “Smoothed”. ! Norw. N. Pol. Exp. 1893—96, p. 469. 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE, DAILY PERIOD. 111 Month Minimum Maximum Range M. O. hour am. hour am. hm ° hm ° ° ° January . 5 44 p.m. —o.20 | 6 48 aom. +0.14 0.34 0.08 February 8 12 ppm. —o.19 | t o p.m. +0.18 0.37 0.11 March 7 24 a.m, —o.81 | 1 38 p.m. +1.10 1.91 0.51 April . 3.34 a.m. —1.68 | 2 54 p.m. +1.79 3-47 1.14 May . 248 a.m. —1.64 | 3 I2 p.m +1.45 3.09 0.96 June . 222 a.m. —0.90 | 2 40 p.m. +0.81 Ie71 0.53 July . 3 33 a.m. —o.88 | 2 4o p.m. 40.88 46 0.52 August . 4 34 a.m. —o.78 | 3 57 p.m. +0.97 1.75 0.51 September . o15 am. —o.37 | 1 16 ppm. +0.52 0.89 0.26 October . 0 30 a.m. —o.15 | 4 oO a.m. —0.09 O.41 0.16 7 22 a.m. —o.16 | 3 30 p.m. +0.25 November . 243 am. —o.15 | 8 22 am. -+or1 0.26 0.06 O43 Pm 0.01) 7 o pm +o.07 December . 4 13 am. —0.15 | 215 p.m, +0.08 0.32 0.08 5 42 p.m. —0,01 |] 9 50 pom: -+0.T7 The Table shows that there is no regular solar diurnal period in the months October, November, December and January. The last row in the foregoing Table, headed “Dark Season’ shows the mean for November, December and January, or the dark season, in which the sun is totally below the horizon. It will be seen that no regular daily period comes out. In the months from February to October we have the ordinary period with minimum (except in February) in the morning or night, and maximum some hours after noon. The daily range has an annual period. It is greatest (3:47) in April, and vanishes in the dark season. The three summer months have nearly the same range of 1:7 to 1:8. The mean ordinate has the same period. Its amount is about one fourth of the daily range in the winter months, and about one fourth to one fifth in the summer months. The effect of the amount of cloud upon the daily period of the tem- perature of the air is shown in the following Tables. The bi-hourly observations of the temperature have been taken out separately for the clear days (daily mean of amount of cloud less than 2) and for the days with sky overcast (d. m. 0. a. 0. ¢. above 8) and their means taken for each hour, and reduced to noon. The number of clear and overcast days is given in the Table. The Table also» shows the daily means of the 12 bi-hourly observations, the daily minimum and maxi- mum, hour and value, and their difference or the daily range. The minimum and maximum have been taken from smoothed curves. The 112 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM month of August has only one clear day with bi-hourly observations, and has therefore been left out of the Table. The Dark Season com- prises November, December and January. January February March April Clear | Overcast!) Clear | Overcast|} Clear | Overcast|) Clear | Overcast Days 80 5 48 19 59 It 34 22 fo} ° ° ° °o ° ° ° 2 a.m. || —37.34 | —28.04 || —34.07 | —18.89 || —34.88 | —21.68 || —28.80 | —21.44 4 37:45 29.96 34.04 18.51 34.96 27.62 29.09 21.29 6 37-27 27.40 34.22 18.15 35-39 22.00 28.60 20.73 8 37-39 27-29 34-11 17-93 34:93 21.09 27.20 19.97 Io 37-45 26.33 34.12 17-39 34.23 20.81 26.39 19.00 Noon 37.64 25.96 34.08 17.30 33.22 20.45 24.94 18.50 2 p.m. 37-56 25.91 33.94 17-74 Q3.17 20.37 24.41 18.42 4 38.04 26.07 33-91 17-45 33.70 20.77 24.33 18.63 6 38.02 26.64 34.10 18.60 34.06 21.26 24.99 19.01 8 37.61 27.35 34.12 18.43 34.34 21.37 26.47 19.73 10 37-41 27.98 34.08 18.43 34.37 21.47 27.60 20.24 Midt. —37-.51 | —28.86 || —34.05 | —18.85 || — 34.45 | —21.40 || —28.13 | —21.28 Mean —37-56 | —27.10 || —34.24 | —18.14 || —34.31 | —2I.19 || —26.75 | —19.85 Min. 5 p.m. Midt. Noon Lam | 6 atm | £ em | 2am | 8 a.m, —37.8 —28.9 —§4.2 —18.9 —35.2 —Bi7 =20.1 —21.5 Max. 5 am./ I p.m. || 4 p.m. Noon Ip.m.| 1 p.m. | 3 p.m. | 2 p.m. —37:3 | —26.0 || —33-.9 | —17-4 || —33.3 | —20-3 || —24.3 | -18.4 Range 0.5 2.9 0.2 1.5 Lg dad 4.8 3.1 May June July September Clear | Overcast|| Clear | Overcast|} Clear | Overcast); Clear | Overcast Days 30 47 24 52 18 45 5 20 ° fe} ° ° ° fe} ° ° 2am. || —14.05 | — 9.47 || + 041 | — 0.35 || + 4.23 | + 2.05 || —10.84 | — 8.80 4 13.98 9.51 O.91 | -—~ 0.49 4:37 1.95 10.94 8.54 6 12.75 9.08 I.57 | — 0.03 4.58 2.00 11.98 8.41 8 11.65 8.62 2.18 | + 0,37 5.27 2.16 11.06 8.07 Io I1.13 8.17 2.17 | + 0.78 5.84 2.51 10.80 59 Noon 10.22 7-53 306 | + 1.17 5.89 2.81 9.76 7-72 2 p.m. 9.85 7-25 2.97 | + 1.06 6.16 2.07 10.74 ~ 7.60 4 9.64 7.16 203) + 16 6.06 3.02 10.12 8.10 6 9-97 gees 2.84 | + 0.81 6.31 2.69 10.54 8.51 8 10.28 8.08 2.56 | + 0.58 6.61 2.49 10.86 8.57 10 12.13 8.59 1.80 | + 0.37 5.50 2.49 II,.02 8.69 Midt. —13.51 | — 9.19 || + 0.93 | — o.or || + 4.85 | + 2.16 || ~—10.84 | — 8.88 Mean —11.60 | — 8.36 |) + 2.03 | + 0.48 || + 5.47 | + 2.43 || —10.08 | — 8.30 Min. 3am. | 3am. | 2am. | 3am. | 3am. / 4am. || 6am./ 1 am, —14.2 — 9.6 + 06) — 03 + 4.2 + Lo —I1.5 — 89 Max. 4p.m.| 3p.m.|/ 3 p.m.| 2p.m.|/ 6 p.m. | 4 p.m. |} 1 p.m. |] rt p.m. — 96 | — 71 + 3.0 + 141 + 63 + 3.0 —102 | — 7.6 Range 4.6 2.5 2.4 I.4 2.1 I.I L.3 1.3 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. DAILY PERIOD. 113 October November December | Dark Season Clear | Overcast|| Clear | Overcast || Clear | Overcast || Clear | Overcast Days 12 42 58 II 65 Il 203 27 ° fe} fe} o ° fe} ce] ° 2a.m,. || —23.58 | —15.35 || —31.35 | —21.29 || —33.64 | —24.95 || —34.06 | —25.36 4 23.80 15.10 31.52 21.26 39.79 24.35 34.15 24.76 6 24.38 I5.11 31.10 21.47 33.62 23.88 34.25 24.30 8 24.55 14.82 31.21 20.99 33-88 23.90 34.00 24.25 pao) 24.43 14.43 31.42 20.81 33-84 B4.tt 34.13 24.06 Noon 24.28 14.69 31.45 20.75 33.65 23,97 34.24 23.75 2 p.m. 24.53 14.69 31.61 20.35 33-53 23.75 34.25 23.49 4 23.68 14.42 31.36 20.70 33-61 23.81 34.23 23.34 6 - 23.93 14.99 31.31 20.66 33-84 23.88 34-34 23.53 8 23.91 14.77 31.26 20.67 33.80 24.77 24.89 | 23,73 Io 23.61 15.33 31.17 21.40 || ° 33.49 24.62 34.22 24.26 Midt. — 23.39 | —15.57 || —31-13 | —22.06 || —33.54 | —25.16 |) —34.02 | —24.69 Mean —24.01 | —14.94 || —31.32 | —21.03 || —33.69 | —24.25 |) —34.19 | —24.13 Min. 8 a.m. Midt. 2p.m. Midt. g a.m. Ia.m. 8 p.m. Midt. —24.5 | —15.5 —31.5 — 22.2 —33.8 —25.1 —34.4 —25.0 Max. Midt. Noon Iip.m.| 2p.m. || rop.m. | 2p.m. Midt. 4 p.m. —23.4 | —14.6 —3I1.1 —20.5 — 33-6 23.7 —34.0 —23.7 Range — Lt 0.9 — 04 1.7 — 02 1.4 0.4 LF The Table shows that the temperature of the air is lower with a clear than with an overcast sky in the months January to May, and September to December, and higher in the months June and July. The difference is Jan. Feb. March April May June ze) °° fe} °o ° fe} —10.46 — 16.10 —I3.12 —6.90 —3.24 +1.55 July Sept. Oct. Noy. Dec. Dark S. fe fo} oO ° ° ° +3.04 —1.78 —9.07 —10.29 —9.44 — 10.06 It is only in the summer months that the clear sky is favourable to the rise of the temperature by insolation, and that the cloudiness checks it. In all the other seasons a clear sky is favourable to radi- ation from the earth and loss of heat, and an overcast sky checks this radiation. The effect is greatest respectively in February and in July, and has a regular annual period. With a clear sky we find, in the months October to January, the daily minimum of temperature in the day hours, and the maximum in the night hours. This seems to be a not uncommon daily march of the temperature in arctic regions in the cold season. In all the other months, from February to September, we find, with a clear sky, the ordinary daily period with a minimum in the early 8 114 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM morning hours, and a maximum some hours after noon. The range has a maximum in the spring months, April and May. With an overcast sky, we find the ordinary daily period in every month, even in the dark season. The range comes out rather high in January, but has its maximum in April, and is rather low in the summer months. The daily period of the temperature of the air in the arctic and antarctic regions deserves a fuller investigation by means of all the available observations. It is particularly the inverted period with a clear sky and the ordinary period with an overcast sky in the dark season that promise, when their causes can be found, to throw a new light upon the work of radiation from and to the earth in the lower atmos- phere. It is with this end in view that I have discussed the obser- vations from the Fram’s drift in 1893 to 18961. The Tables on pp. 63—107 give the minimum and the maximum temperature for each day, and their difference, or the aperiodic range. The last horizontal row shows the monthly means of these three columns. Putting these means together, we have the following Tables. The brackets indicate the incomplete months. Mean monthly Minima. Year | Jan. | Feb. | March] April} May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. ° oO ° re 1898 6 6 6 e é % é. (—12.8]}/ —17.8 |—31.0) —34.7 1899 |—36.8|—35.6|—35.0]—24.9)/—11.7| —0.6 |[+0.8] 5 [—24.6]| — 29.5) —32.8 tg900 |—38.3|—27.3| —31.6|—26.8|—12.9| —o.9| +0.7 |[+0.5]|[—10.9]) —21.5 |—30.7| -- 37-6 1901 |—42.3/—39.1/—39.0]—29.7/—15.1; —3.8] +1.2 | —0.8 | —10.5] —22.5 |) —27.9| — 32.7 1902 |—38.7|—32.4|—37-5|—28.2|—14.9] +0.47\[+2.7] Mean |—39.0|—33.6| —35-8|—27.4|—13-9| —1.2| +1.4 | —o.1 | —11.1| —21.6|—29.8| —34-4 Mean monthly Maxima. Year | Jan. | Feb. |March| April| May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. io} fe} ° °° 1898 3 é e a 7 2 es (— 8.7]] —12.8|—24.8) —28.7 1899 |—30.2|— 28.7; —27.9/—17.2) —5.1] +4.5 |[+5.6] éo [—16.0]|—22.4] — 23.2 1900 |—31.1)/—17.3/—22.5|-16.0| —3.6| +5.4]+7.1 |[+7.3]|[— 6.6]| —13.9 |—22.6] —29.5 1901 |—33.9]—27.7/—29.9| —20.2) —8.0| +09] +5.4 | +3.3 | — 5.8) —17.1 ]—21.7| —26.5 1902 |—33.5}—26.1|/--31.6/—21.0]/ —8.5| +5.2 |[+9.8] Mean |—32.2|—-24.8|— 28.0|—18.6| —6.3| +4.0| +7.0 | +5.3 | — 7.0| —15.0|—22.9| — 27.0 -! The Norwegian North Polar Expedition, 1893—1896. Scientific Results, edited by Frivtsor Nansen. Vol. VI, pp. 478—481, and 603—6u7. 1S98—1902. No. 4] TEMPERATURE. DAILY PERIOD. 115 Aperiodic Range. Year | Jan. | Feb. |March| April} May | June | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | Dec ce} °° oO ° 1898 é 5 s ‘ is 6 6 [4.1] 5.0 6.2 6.0 1899 6.6 6a | yet 27 | 66 5.1 [4.8] 6 [8.6] 7.1 9.6 1900 72 |) roe | oF 10.8 | 9.3 a5 6.4 [6.8] | [4.3] PEG 8.1 8.1 Igor 8.4 | 11.5 | 9.1 G5 | Pat 4.6 4.2 4.1 4-4 5.4 6.2 6.2 __ 1902 5.2 62 | 5-0 1a) 62 4.8 {7.1] Mean | 6.9 8.7 | 7.9 8.8 | 7.3 5.2 5.6 5.5 4-4 6.7 6.9 | 7-5 Smoothed | 7.5 81 | 83 8.2 | 7.2 5.8 54 | 52 | 5.2 6.2 69 | 7.2 The regular annual period of the Minima and Maxima is a little broken in February, where the values are apparently too high in re- lation to January and March. The aperiodic range is highest in the winter months and lowest in the summer months. The smoothing! of the numbers gives a maximum in March and April, and a minimum in August and September. 's=t(a+2b+ 0). 116 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM THE ANNUAL PERIOD. The following Table gives the mean temperature for each month, extracted from the. Tables on pp. 63—107 last row for the complete months. The incomplete months — in brackets — are completed by means of the four-hourly observations made on board the Fram when she was under way in the summer months in the straits near the winter quarters, or when there are only four-hourly observations. | Jan..| Feb. | March} April] May | June | July | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | Dec. °o fe) io} ° 1898 ‘ : i “ : m >, |(—8-4]|— 15-3 | —28.3] —31.9 1899 | —33.5) —32.3] —31-3} —2t.0] — 84) +1.7][+3-1]|[+2.4]| —3.4 |[-18.4]}| —26.4) —28.4 Ig00 | —35.1| —22.4| — 27.8} —21.6) — 8.3 +1.8| +3.0][+0.6]|[—8.0])—17.7 | —27.3] —34.2 r90r_ | —38.9) —34.4| —35.3) —25.6] —11.8] —1.6| +2.9| +o0.9| —8.2|—19.9| —24.9 —29.9 1902 — 36.3) —29.5| —34.2) —24.5| —11.5| +2.5|[+5.3] Mean —36.0] —29.7| —32.2| —23.2) —10.0] +1.1] +3.6) +1.2| —7.0|—17.8| —26.7| —31.1 Smoothed | —33.2) —31.9| —29.3| —23.2| —10.0] +1.1} +3.6|) +1.2| —7.0|—17.8| —26.7| —31.2 Red. — 33.3) —32.0] — 29.5) —23.5| — 9.9) +1.5] +3.8| +1.4| —6.9|—17.9| —26.9) —31.5 shown in the next line. line The regular progression of the numbers in the line “Mean” is broken by those for January (too low) and February (too high); and I have therefore smoothed the numbers for the months December to March, as The means in the Table are means for the month. Reducing them to the middle day of the month+, we obtain the numbers in the last (Red.). The mean for the year is — 17.05. Parabolic curves for minimum and maximum give as the Coldest day, January 18". Temperature =/88,8 aoe Warmest day, July 15%. Annual range ‘ Mean annual temperature — 17.05 occurs May 1** and October 12*. 1 Hann. Lehrb. d. Met. p. 99. —»— 37. 1. 18Y8—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. ANNUAL PERIOD. i Temperature below — 17.0 during 198 days —»y— —»— —»— — py — above ” ” 165 ” passes zero in ascending June 8*, in descending August 229¢ below zero during 290 days above , - 75 ” Sun below horizon for 24 hours from October 30 to February 11. April 21 to August 22. » above Dark Sunny Equinoctial _,, ” ” n ” ” season 104 days » 198 138 The lowest temperatures registered with the minimum thermometer are Year| Jan. | Feb. |March| April} May | June| July | Aug. | Sept. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | f fe} °o fe} ° 1898 | 2 2 : £ r a E [—14.3]] —29.9 |—35-5 |—38.5 1899 —42.8 |—40.4 |—41-4 |—34.9 —25.7|—4.8 [—1.3] é {—29.0] |—37.6 |—42.1 1900 '—49.1 |—43.5 | —45.1 | —39.0 | 22.0 |—5.2 | —1.0 |[—o.5]|[—17.0]| —28.5 |—37.2 |-46.4 tgor |—41.4 |—47.7 —46.6 | —39.4 |—24.9 |—9.8| —1.0 | —6.4 | — 21.1 |[—30.9]|—35.4 |—37.7 I902 — 43.0 |—42.7 |—44.9|—35-7 | 22.8 | —7.5 | +0.8 Mean | — 46.6 —43.6| —44.5| — 37.2! —23.9|—6.8 | —o.6 | —3.5 | =—17.5 | — 29.6 | —36.4| —41.2 rally the lowest temperatures. The absolutely lowest temperatures are distinguished by heavier type. The lowest is —51.3, January 20, 1901. The year 1901 had gene- In the mean, February shows higher minima than January and March; this is in accordance with the mean teniperature found for February. Days with a temperature below — 40°: Year December January February March Days Days Days Days 1899... 18 I 1&2 2 B&O 2 6-12 7 7 I 20—22 3 25 I 27 I 1g00..... 17-29 13 13—26 14 25-27 3 25-27 3 31 I TOOK ss a4 ° I-3 3 3-9 7 I-3 3 8&9 2 w2&1I3 2 8—22 15 II—24 14 17&18 2 26 if 26—28 3 T1902. se 4 & 2-8 uh 17-19 3 1&2 2 14 7 4-7 4 22-24 3 9—19 II Total 18 50 22 45 Mean per Year 4.5 ins 565 {2.85 118 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM Mean number of days with a temperature below —40° for the whole year, 34. A temperature below —50° was observed only on the 19 and 20° of January, 1901. The highest absolute temperatures are: Jan. | Feb. | March/April} May | June | July Aug. | Sept.} Oct. | Nov. | Dec 8 8 fe} fe) ° ce) aes ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Doge) aE | 84.8) G7 1899 | —21.5| —22.8] —14.5| —7.2| +2.6| + 9.5] + 9.2 5 (— 5-3]/ —rr.4/ — 15 tgoo | —15.2} + 1.8) — 10.1) —6.3] +1.6] +12.2) + 10.8 |(+ 11.3]}[—0.6], — 3.0] — 9.2} — 9.9 t9or | —21.7) — 8.0) —1r2.7/ —9.6] +0.1] + 8.0] +11.5] + 7.8} +3.0| —10.9| — 8.0) —18.6 1902 | —24.8/ —12.5) —14.5] —4.8} +1.2] + 12.0] [+13.3] Mean |-—20.8| —10.4| —12.9| —6.8] +1.4| +10.4] +11.2| + 9.6] +1.9] — 5.3| —10.8] —12.0 In the months May to September, the temperature may rise above zero. The absolute maximum temperature found is 13.3 in July, 1902, in the last winter quarters. February has remarkably high maximum temperatures, particularly in 1900, when there was a succession of tem- peratures above zero in the evening of the 9*8 and the morning of the 10%, with southerly wind. Days with a temperature above 10°: | Year June July August Days Days Days TQOO oi sa Si e a 26 & 27 2 2I I 7&8 2 25 I TOOTs 2a ex ° 12 I ° 14 i TOQOQis. biG ix S 30 I 4-9 6 1281S 2 19 I 19 I Total, og 5-24 3 14 2 Per Year... 0.75 3.5 I Mean number of days with a temperature above 10° for the whole year, 5. The absolute range of the temperature becomes 13.3 + 51.3 or 64.6. The respective dates are July 9, 1902 (pressure 756 mm., Wind SE, 6 m. p.s.), and January 20%, 1901 (pr. 750 mm. N. 6 m. p.s.). The differences between the mean highest and lowest temperatures in each month are 1898—1902. No. 4.] TEMPERATURE. ANNUAL PERIOD. ig Jan. Feb. 25.8 33-2 July Aug. 11.8 14.F March arb Sept. 19.4 April 30.4 Oct. 24.3 29.2 The oscillation of the temperature is greatest in February and least in July. The annual period is very regular, with the exception of January, which seems a little too low, and February too high. 120 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM THE INTERDIURNAL VARIABILITY OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR. Taking the difference between the daily mean temperature of one day (Tables, pp. 63—107) and that of the next, and then the mean of the differences for rising and falling temperatures for each month, we obtain the numbers in the first two columns in the Table below. The third column gives the weighted mean of the first two columns. The monthly numbers of cases or days with rising and with falling diurnal temperatures are in the 4t® and 5» columns. I 2 3 4 5 Temperature Mean Temperature of r and 2 ae ; rising falling rising falling + _ + Days Days January 1899—1902 . ..... 2.74 2.99 2.87 15:75 15.25 February — — Oe ee ae eee 4.02 3.53 > 3.78 19.25 14.95 March — — Serre & 3.36 2.93 3.15 15 15 April — _ & # ee ¥-% 3.04 2.39 B71 16 I4 May = _ i, GO eas sR 2.17 1.99 2.09 18 13 June — _— a eee I.14 1.02 1.09 18.75 11.25 July — — oo BAG? GS cy ee Tete TL 14.5 16.5 August I900—I901 . . . .. . 1.29 1.08 La 13 18 September 1898, I900—or . . . . 1.92 L493 1.55 13 17 October 1898—1901 . .... . 2.48 2.86 B72 22.5 17-5 November — ee ee a 2.97 274 2.83 13 Ty December — = ag Woe 2.81 3-14 2.97 15.5 15.5 Mean and Total 2.37 2.20 2.34 179.25 185.75 The columns 1, 2 and 3 show a very decided annual period. The interdiurnal variability is greatest in the winter time; the maximum lies in February, and the minimum in June. The mean rising for the year is a little greater than the falling. The time during which the tempe- rature is rising, is shorter than its time of falling; it rises more quickly than it falls. 1898—1902. No. 4.] THERMAL WIND-ROSES. 121 THERMAL WIND-ROSES. The wind-rose for the frequency of the different wind-directions shows that the observed number of some directions is so small, that it is not sufficient to give a mean that could fairly show the thermal character of the wind in question. Generally the north wind is by far the most prevalent, and it is only in the months of June, July and August that the other winds are so frequent as to make it worth while to compute thermal wind-roses for them. The result of these compu- tations is shown in the following Table. C indicates the directly-found mean temperatures, and S the smoothed values. The intermediate directions NNE, ENF, ete, have been distributed among the adjacent principal directions with half their numbers, and every direction given a weight equal to the ensuing number of observations. June. 4 Years; July. 4 Years | August. 2 Years Cc 5 iC Ss Cc Ss ° oO ° fo} fe) °o N —0.10 0.17 4.10 3.86 0.73 0.69 NNE —0,63 3.85 1.45 NE 0.12 0.33 4-73 4.34 4.05 0.81 ENE = II.00 5-90 E 2.29 861.16 2.01 3.90 1.54 1.67 - ESE 2.00 9.50 = SE 0.50 1.59 4.02 3.57 2.51 2.02 SSE 2.93 2.86 1.03 5 2.07 1.74 3.20 3.26 1.65 1.89 SSW 1.68 2.79 3.96 SW 0.83 1.83 3.00 2.96 1.68. 1.96 WSW 3.33 2.26 _ WwW 3.03 1.59 2.39 2.44 3.50 1.49 NNW 2.65 1.41 0.40 NW 221 0.43 ©90 3-13 0.78 0.82 NNW —0.22 6.39 0.54 Calm 1.65 2.78 1.85 Min. N W N Max. SW NE SE The way in which the numbers run for July, with the highest temperature with NE, seems to indicate that the observations of 4 years are insufficient to give a fair representation of the thermal wind-rose. 122 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARG. EXP. FRAM MOISTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE. In summer and autumn the observations for determining the force or tension of aqueous vapour in the atmosphere and the relative humidity, were made by the psychrometer or dry and wet-bulb thermo- meters suspended in the thermometer-screen. When the temperature was above — 10°C, the force of vapour and the relative humidity were computed by means of Jelinek’s Psychrometer Tables, the readings of the wet bulb having been corrected by Ekholm’s rule for tempera- tures below zero. The Expedition had two hair-hygrometers, system Koppe, made by Pfister & Streit in Bern. They were suspended in the thermometer- screen, and could be verified in saturated air which is produced by putting the cover with a wet side over them. When the hygrometer in use required cleaning, or did not seem to work well, it was taken in, and the other instrument put out, after having been verified and cor- rected in saturated air. The occasions noted in the journal when the hygrometer was changed were: in 1899, March 25 and 31, May 18, 28, June 22, 23; in 1900, January 16, April 28, October 4; in 1901, April 23, 24, June 1, September 2, 3, 28, October 20, November 22; in 1902, January 7, 28, February 11, 12, 13, March 24. When the temperature of the air was below — 10°, the force of vapour was computed by means of the psychrometer Tables from the readings of the hair-hygrometer and those of the dry thermometer. An error in the reading of the hygrometer has very little effect, in low temperatures, upon the amount of the force of vapour. The num- bers in the following Tables have been found from the psychrometer; in 1899, June, July; in 1900, July, August; in 1901, July, August (missing psychrometer-observations completed by hair-hygrometer obser- vations corrected by the corrections found from the simultaneous obser- vations with both); in 1902, June (to which the above remark applies), July; and from the reading of the hair-hygrometer in all the other months, corrected as far as possible. In the Tables, the force of vapour is given in millimetres (mm.) and the relative humidity as percentages (p. c.). The last row gives the monthly means. 128 HUMIDITY. g6g bt |SiL ofr jool Lei (LoL of1 \6-g9 Lei [rol Ler jgol gba |riub Ebr jel thr (Sel thr (oh thr ues 6g FI 06 Fr eg ob 6g fi c6 Fr 96 OF | go Sa 06 61 GPT o6 «(S*y Lg 1 of eb al oL ai 19 Of Co ia tg 3°E bo er! So IT Lo al 69 I'l to Il fg oF 6c 6s sr ic Or 6 FE oS &*2 co Str of FI gs oT of SE LS 6*y of fr gS Sr ge ee a eS sr 9S at 9S C1 to «660 6s Sr ES tr io ames 0 zq «60 to I'l co 8 Le LS BE os ST eS ool os fy 6S 1 as fy 0g atl og al zg OKI rh OF eh PE 9a OL SFr pL Sr cb gtk Lo S'I lo 91 EL Gtr | LL &r 1g €1 LL ol bg ST tg Sr Sa cL. Str tg gi Lb. os SL gtr fh Set Lo FT Lo °S'r 99 «CFI Sg 1 oo Sr So Sf te Lo I'l gg ort 69 aI rh eer €L €1 Ce a LL OT gl Sr 6L gl LL OT LL gt € 7 me Sb i9*t IL gti 1g Qtr oL O61 oL O61 iL 61 €L os €L os SL 61 SL 61 as ol 61 ci OY 6L os 1g oO gl 61 gb gt tL gs CL FE gl Ltt gl FI OS OF 1 eg. ber ol 6% LL 61 €L Ot oL O61 ol gr ol ¢g°1 EL. ofa op D2 eg Ut el of loka] 4h Sa ol br th, PE bh G1 SL gil bh gl go Oo 69 SI ot fF iL S$ PL PT 61 “sed cunu |co-d eww |-o-d ‘ww |-o-d wu l-o'd cw f-o'd cw fod cw jeo'd cum |cocd smu jcocd ci [ocd mu yor ys 49 yP ye uoON yor ys y9 q? qe keq 1898—1902. No. 4.] ‘mM (LS oth = y ON OF 8h = S Weng sory ‘aaquiayd9g ‘8 E8T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 124 Gog eer |rog ts1 |ggl oer |ggl Ler jogh Garr |S6L ofr jg6L ofr |rog Ler |6glL ber |66L ber |66L Fer [E0g rer | uvayl rg ro | Sg vo | eg €0 | oL to | gL So | SL bo] ol bo] gL bo | 1g bo | bL bo | LL bo | LL to 1€ 1g bo | 6L to | og $0 | 6L +o | og to | eg So | Sg So | og +o | Sg +o} tg So | &g So | og to of 98 So 8g So 98 So LL So tL So gl go LL Go SL So sl Fo SL +o gl So 6L to 6c LL Fo | og to | LL to | €g to |} gL to} oL to | og +o} 6L +o | og to] gb to | 1g +o} 6L So gz €g to €g +o el to SL to tL to oL +o oL to €L +o IL +o oL to SL to oL to Le oh be gL to oL +o eh. be og «So tg So ol go 1g g'o ZB go og =g'o gl go 9L go 9% gL go gL go LL go IL Lo SL Lo gl Lo gL Lo gl Lo gL Lo gL Lo LL L'o 6L Lo Se zg Lo og «So Sg So | Sg So Sg go Sg gto gg 90 Lg go Lg go | +g Lo Sg Lio | 6L go te og «Lo og Lo LL Lo LL Lo LL Lo SL Lo tL Lo SL Lo Ig go 6L go 6L go 6L go &e zg 60 £g 60 1g 6:0 gL 60 | 6L 6:0 og «go gL go | gL 60 LL 6:0 gL go LL 6:0 tL 6:0 Ss 89 «go zg Lo zQ 9:0 | 09 gto LS go So So IL So | ob go IL g‘o IL go tL go | PL go IG - og Lo Ig go og «go IL go 99 6Lo fo Lo 69 Lo oL go og §=6L‘o I9 go 99 60 6L or 0% 08 «OT! Sg tz Sg €1 gl 1 oL ai zg ob Sr og tr og fr eg Ob gl 1 Ig 1 61 og ST og Sr LL @r | eg S31 | eg or | LL er LL wi | og or | og ar 1g €2r | gh oar |] gl at gi 6L at Ig €1 Sg tr eg ol oL ai ge er €L si oL al ag | oL at ob €1 eb ol Li zbL ol cL 6:0 89 OT oL 6:0 SCL or gl rr Bo Ter CL 4 go I'l gl ai bL Sr 69 SI QI gl os 96 Ga £6 be +6 Sa £6 Ga Lg 9% £6 ga 86 6a [6 62 z60 vk 6g at Lg Ls Cr 1g be 89 ws Ig LL gz $6 SE oor ge go SE $6 g% 6g o@ 06 Os 06 «61's 06 «Fs F1 gg €s | 99 61 | Lo 61 | Lo gx | to gx | LL S31 |] 6L fr | LL ot | LL ot | 9g €1 | 99 wx | Lg xt €1 6L ol og «fr 2g 2s LL er a Sa 9g SI oo L3 og Sr 0o6) SI Lg FT 9g GI ae oar SI 6g SI 16 €1 Sg gl 6g gil €g gti 6g. gil 06 «gL 16 gil 0o6 «gil Ig Ot €g gi 8g gl II Lg 61 £g gr 9g bt €6 gt Sg or ¥Q SE bg SI aq SY 6L SI ag Sr og StI LL gt or LL oe Ig Qt og «Ql 6 Ltr ble ie og) «gtl CL bt SL Lt Ig Lr €g Lt ol 7 og) «gl 6 tg gtr eg it Sg Lz CL ot ch Le gl gtr gh Lt oL Lt ty . OF SL &1 gL Sr bE Sr 8 oL St 69 1 og) «Str fers} $1 ol FI tL gt gol gl PL tl Lg g'l oL gti “7 Di eh Gt L Sh ta a zg Lr So QI tL 61 eb bx 6L gi wg oF EL or eG Tre 26 Ltr 06 ae 9 88 OI Lg os 6L ve 6g 61 tg ae LL ove eL Ge SL he LL Ga 88 Os Lg Le tg we ‘4 o6 0 6BS o6 8s 6g ae 6 we 6g oz Lg 1% tg oO Sg OF €g 61 Sg oa €g 61 99 61 t og «gil Lg 61 6g OL 6g 61 eg gt tg Lt €g Ltt tg gt €g ott €g Sr €g Sx Sg GI € 19 ol ZBL tg 61 eg gill 66 ly og «gl Sg OT tg OF bg gl og = oL't gu OF gL gt c gl Gr LE Gt gL I bL bT Gh. G51 eb oa gh Sr 06) SI 06 GI 06 «FT 0o6 «FI 06 «FI I ford cum [ocd smu |socd cum ocd swur focd cw jocd swum focd cum Jco-d cum |-o-d cw f-o-d ww |-o-d ‘wu |-o-d wu IPUAL yor 48 9 qh ye uooN, yor q8 9 qh yz Aeq ‘mM LS oth = 7 ON Oh gh = fb Hens aory 1990390 “868T HUMIDITY. 1898—1902. No. 4.] Fog LEo jgog 6€:0 |€-0g LE-o |Log LEo je1g g&o |Log 9€0 frrg ofo |S1g 6€0 |€1g Ito |61g gEo |e1g LEO jo1g go | uvayy 8g so 88 Zo 98 Zo Sg so tg €o Sg €o 8g fo gg fo 1g oO 06 «60 06 «0 06 «0 of 06 «fo 16 €0 06 «6&0 06 «fo 06 «6&0 06 «fo c6 to 06 «(Fo 8g. S‘o 6g to gg to Lge So oa Ig So tg go zg So og S'o LL So EL S:o cL So oL So oL So 89 to So +o Sg +o ge IL Fo €L to SL Fo €L €o0 SL to el &o SL €0 og «(fo gL So SL to zg to Sg oFto Le Lg to 6g to 6g to Lg to Sg to gL go Ig g‘o og =g'0 €g gto Ig Lo Sg go 6L Lo 9z LL Lo tL Lo €g L'o Lg So Lg +o Lge to cg +o 06 «to 16 So 06 «S'o Lg So 6g S‘o Se 9g S‘o 9g g'0 Sg to Sg So 6g So 16 gto 16 go 06 «g'o 06 «g'0 Lg Lo 9L go oL go be €L Lo zl g‘o 89 6:0 SL 60 €g 11 Sey 1a 6L ol gL 6:0 tL 60 | 6L 6:0 sl go iL go & €L Lo tL go €S go €9 Lo 69 = L‘o 69 g’o €L go og L‘o €g go tg g'o tg g‘o og go os €g go €g gto €g So eg So tg So Sg So €g to tg +o Sg Fo Sg ao Sg €o Sg €o IS 9g oO Sg fo Sg to tg Eo Sg €o tg €o tg fo tg fo tg fo tg €o 9g €o 6g fo og tg €0o cg fo Ig €0o Ig €o og «fo og =o gL €o ! LL €0 Ig €o Ig so €g co €g ao 61 €g ao €g sao SB OG'O €g ao €g so €g Eo tg ao €g €o €g fo Sg fo gL fo og £0 gi og fo og «=f'o Tg €o Ig €o og «fo gL fo gl fo €L fo gL fo Ig so 6L wo 1g so LE og zo gL ao ig 26 zg OO eg so tg ao €g ao og zo eB OO €g co tg ao Sg so OL zg €o 1g €o Ig €o Ig €o og fo sg €o €g ao €g so og so tg ao tg so €g so Sr €g ao cg Zo zg so og =s'O og «co gL ao og ao sg oO €g €o tg fo Sg fo tr 26 Fr €g fo Sg £€o Sg €o tg €o €g fo tL €0o Sg €o gL fo gL €o €g fo LL &o tL. Eo 1 i, be bL fo Lo €0 €L fo eL fo €L Eo ol €o ee <0 6L fo og fe €g fro tg €o er Ig €o 6L €o Ig €o SL +o SL +o og =o Ig to og fo gl Fo Sg to 1g €o Sg €o TI og «fo LL to €g €o og 0 Ig €o 1g €o Ig €o €g €o og «(bo Sg fo Ig to Ig to or Ig to Ig to Ig €o Ig €o og «(Fo gl to gl to LL +o og =(Fo SL to gl €o SL to 6 &L Kio gL to og «(to €L So oL So 69 So 69 So SL +o 89 So €L to €L to SL to 8 zl Fo €L So gL to €g to Sg to Ig to og «SO eg So €g to gL to Sg to tg Fo 8 tg 0 tg +o og «(to zg to €g to tg to og to cg oto eg to og €o og fo cg fo 9 zg €o zg fo €g ao €g co tg €o zg €o Ig §o og «fo €g €o sg fo zg fo tg fo s €g €o tg €o €g €o tg fo tg €o €g fo 9g €o €g €o zg oto gL fo cL to €L Fo + oL &o SL €o gL €&o tL to 6L fo sg +o €g to zg to og =o 5G Fo bg Fo cg Oko € og «(oto 9g to og «(to Sg €o Sg fo Sg €&o 9g fo 9g «(Fo tg to 6L €o LL €o og fo S Ig €o Ep co og «fo LL v0 gl to og «(to og «So fo $6 9g fo og oFto 9g to Sg soko I od cut fod cw f ocd wu ford cum [od cur | -ocd cum fod: ume |-o-d ww |-o-d cu | od tut ford cum |-o-d sw “PIN yor 48 49 q? qe Woon qor 48 9 u? sh Aeq “M LS QPL = YN OF gh = Hb "yweys sory ‘JQQU2AON ‘8681 [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 6 ‘Iaquisgd9q ‘S681 g&g Leo |L‘€g geo |1-bg Leo [Sg Leo jotg Leo |L’Eg Leo jztg Leo lorg geo [tbg gzo |L'tg Leo |1°Sg ozo |€bg Leo | uvoy Lg zo tg ao Sg so Ig zo og so og so og ao ig Ze 8g. ao 6g zo 98 ao Sg zo re Sg sao 6L ao og ao 88 so Ig co 29 oO 8g. zo 06 «Zo 06 «ZO 06 «ZO 06 «sO 06 «ao of Lg zo 8g fo 6g zo 1G 26 06 «ZO 06 «ao 8g. ao 6g zo 8g. zo 98 ao zg 0 sh §o0 6c gL €o LL €o SL €o Ig €o 6L €o gl €o LL &o ol fo og «(fo sg fo gL fe i fe gz BL. 8 og «fo ™ fo ty 6 iS oe it fo iL oL €0o oL €o 69 €o oL €o 6L €o Lz €L €-0 SL 0 tg fo €g ao Ig §o cg Oo LL €o SL €o SL €o €L €o 6L €o SL €0o 9G el €0 | gL f0 | SL Go | eg €0 | 6L €o | ce Eo] 1g Go| eg Eo | &g fo | 1g $0 | 6g Fo} og Fo Se eg €0 | og fo | gg fo | 6g ao | gg so | og zo] be co] gg So | 0 co} c co} 16 co | 16 co to c6 0 16 zo 06 Zo 16 BO 6g fo 06 «0 z6 0 c6 fo 16 €o 16 €o gg ao 16 sO Ec £6 co | 6g zo | 16 co | 06 zo | 6g so | og co | Sg zo | 68 so | gg so | 6g co 6g €o | Lg zo oe 98°. :e'0) Sg zo Sg so Sg €o 9g €o 6g ao 9g €o 98 «fo Lg £€o z6 fo +6 ao Lg €o 1a EG. So Sg fo 6 so +6 zo c6 sO 16 so 6g ao t6 Eo z6 S'0 t6 so c6 sO €6 ao os €6 so v6 Eo €6 +o 2G f0 t6 £0 66 €:0 w6 fo +6 Eo £6 oo 16 +o 8g bo eg Lo 61 Lg So Sg to 9g So 98 9g'0 Sg So Lg So +6 to c6 0 16 €o Sg to z6 «&0 €6 €o gr 6g €0o z6 0 Lg to z6 fo Lg +o ig fo tg So gg Go 98 Go Sg So Lg +o Ig €o eg zg Eo PL So og (otto ol +o cL Fo oL Go g9 So cg «Fo 09 ~=(Ct'o tS to tS Fo eS Fo 9r 6b to 6h So Lg GS-o oS +o 2f ro co ho sg otto [6 £6 &L €o €L €o gL ie og «so $1 zg fo Ig §o og a0 og «a'O 6L ao 0g «ao og =a'o og =z'o og ao SQ OO tg ao 8g. zo tr re So og ao gl ao Sg so Sg so ZB sO og «so Lg so 88 co 6g zo 6g zo 8g. ao €1 6g €o 6g zo 06 Zo 88. so Lg fo Lg wo 6g co 88. ao Lg ao 88 zo Sg ao co to cat tg €o Sg zo ag. fo 9g fo 6L fe ze fo 06 «€:0 c6 «Eo Lg &o eg fo Lg €&o Lg fo II go 68a 66 fo 9g fo eg fo 9g fo Lg €o 06) «Zo 88 €o 88 zo Sg zo 6g zo tg zo or 06 ao 06 Zo 6g #0 6g Zo Lg zo 6g so 06 «ZO 6g ao 06 «ZO 06 gO 66 ee 6g ao 6 6g =o 06 «ZO 06 zo C6 Be 6g zo 6g zo 6g zo 6g ao 6g zo 6g Zo 6g zo 6g €o 8 6g fo 06 «6&0 06 «ao 16 €o 06 «Zo lg fo 9g fo Sg €o 9g €&o 98 ¢o 6g €o 6g fo be eg fo 6g €0o 06) «fo 88 fo ee. 2o Ig €o 98 fo gg fo Sg €o €9 oe og fo 9g So 9 a Be LL €:0 LL So Sg to 9g =ofo lg te fe So SL +o og «fo €g fo zg £0 mg fo S iq fe tg €o re 0 1g fo tg fo 6L fo og fo eg fo €g fo zg 0 €g €o €g fo + tg ro Sg £€o €g €o 98 «ao €g €o 2g So eg fo Ig so eg OO tg ao tg zo Sg ao € €g ao tg Zo ego 9g zo 8g. zo gg ao 6g zo 6g co | gg. ao 8g. zo 8g. ao 8g. ao z 8g. ao 06 «ao 8g. ao gg ao Sg ao Sg so 9g ao 88 so | 9g zo 8g. ao 8g ao gg. ao 1 od cw ford cum | ocd cwur |-ocd sum jo-d cum f-o-d cwur ford curm focd cwur |-ocd comm f-o-d cw |-o-d cum |-o-d ww DEN qor 48 y9 uP qe uOON qor u8 09 ae We ag ‘mM (LS oth = 7 'N OF (gh = 4 “WeNS sory 127 HUMIDITY. 1898—1902. No. 4] bEg Eso |1'€g too \o-2g too |€€g bao |L€g Seo |S2g too Jozg tao |hog €zo |\Geg te-o Ig€g tao lg-eg Eso |1-€g oo'O | ueay [ole ae} 9g (to zg +o tg +o Sg vo og «(Fo og «(fo tg to Eg +o tg +o SL So gL So re SL iS*o Sh So SL So 1g to 6g §€o 06 «(fo 06 «60 8g fo gg €o Lg €o Lg €0o tg oO of Sg €0o Sg fo tg €o Sg €o og =oto og «fo gl €o tL to IL to SL to EL to zl to 6a eh Fo th he mL He gL to oe. Sa SL €o SL ao eg so Ig so Ig so gl ro og soo ge tg «To og 2 98 «10 Lg ro 6g ro z6 «0 Lg 10 9g ro Lg 10 ge TO gg. iro 8g. oro Le Sg r’o Lg 10 Lg 10 gg. ro gg. oro Lg ro eg roe gg. sro 6g zo 6g 10 be re 8g soir‘o 9a 8g ro ay io gg sosro 6g xe} gg ro 6g ro Lg ro Lg ro €g ao Sg ao Sg =o Sg so Ss 98 zo 8g ao 6g 1'0 6g 10 6g Lo Lg zo Lg zo 9g so sg so 8g ao 98 zo 06 ZO te 98 zo tg so 88 ao 98 zo Sg ao 98 Zo eg so €g ro 06 «z'0 8g. ao Lg so Sg so &e 8g zo Lg =o Lg zo ig =o 88 ao 9g ao 9g ao 98 ZO Sg sao Lg ao 9g ao oe so ee 9g zo Sg so €g zo €g ao og =o el €o el fo 3) a 2 el oe tL ee SL ao SL so Iz SL so SL 0 €g ao Sg zo Lg zo Lg ao 6g so sg so Sg so Sg sao 9g Zo 9g Zo oc 9g Eo 8g zo Ig €o og «fo 6L €0 gL to og «fo og «fo Sg €o og «0 tg fo zg Fo 61 og: €0 Ig €o Sg €0o LL €o og sO gl fo IL €o IL €o0 tL €o gg fo zg oO 06 «ao gt 6g ao 6g ao 6g zo Sg ao Se ea Sg ao 9g ao 9g so Sg €o 06 «ZO 6g so Gg Eo LY 6g zo zg OO og «fo og fo 6L €0 og zo el €&o Ig so &g so eg oro gL 0 98 sO Li 1g ao 9g ao tg ao Ig ao €g ao 9g ao Sg so fg tro cg O'O €g ao cg OO Ig so Si 9g zo tg ao zg fo Sg ao eg 0 Ig €o Li Go €g ao zg €o tg €0o zg fo gL €o FI 6L €o Sg €o gl €o LL €0o SL €o gL €o gL fo gl to SL +o SL €o IL €o SL €o er ol BS BL S64 €g9 So zg So gl to Ig Fo og ~=6CF0 09 «60 gL vo Ik to Lg Go fo 6 SI zg +o cL so eg €o Sg Poa Sg fo LL +o zg Fo Se bo zg fo Se os bb +6 So Se It tg zo og to Seg fo €g €o €g zo bg €o Sg so €g €o Sg zo tg €o 9g so ig 626 OL Sg fo 9g ao 9g. ao tg €o 9g ao Sg €o 8g. ao 6g €o €g €o €g €o €g €o tg ao 6 9g zo eg zo | og €o Sg ao €g so og =«f:0 €L to | oL to | oL ao €L €o SL so SL wo 8 LL €o 6L Zo ego €g ao og €0 | 1g Eo Sg ao tg zo €g «ao tg so Sg zo €g sao L Sg zo Lg ao cB OO Sg ao 6g zo 6g ao 06 «ZO (oleae) 06 «ZO 06 ZO 06 «sO 06 «sO 9 6g zo eg zo 6g ao 6g ao 6g ao Lg ao gg. ao Lg €&o 88. ao 06 «sO L6 Zo Sg so S 9g zo 88 ao 88. ao Lg ao Lg ao Lg ao 8g zo ie 3a Ig 20 gg ao Lg ao 9g zo + 98 «a0 zg fo zg ao og a0 og «ZO 6L so og ao og ao gL 10 cg oO Lg ro Lg ro € To 20 gl ro LL 2° Ig 1'o Sg io €g «ro 9g soir‘o Sg sir‘o ig re Sg 310 6g ro ig 0 z 98 «10 tg 10 Sg ro Lg ro tg ro Sg ro Sg re €g ro Ig Io ao stg Sg ro gg. mo I ocd cur | ocd cur | ocd sur jocd cum f-ocd cw [ocd cum feo-d smu |-ocd ww |-o-d cwur |so-d cw |-ocd cwu |-o-d ‘wu PUN yl 48 49 yb We uoON yor 48 49 qe ue &eq “mM LS ott = 7 'N oF gb = 5 ‘Asenuef{ “6681 TENS ery [QND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 128 tLg Leo |g'9g 62:0 |o'9g geo |6Sg Leo |S-og geo |g'98 gz°0 | olg geo |Log 920 |9'°9g 920 |L-9g 9e°0 jo'9g geo |6-9g geo ure 16 Zo 6g sao z60 0 2 a c6 0 $6 sao $6 ao +6 =o $6 ZO €6 10 $6 Zo €6 I'o gz 9g ao Lg ao +6 so [6 ee €6 sO +6 ZO t6 ao 46 wo 46 «ZO S6 ao €6 zao c6 so Le S6 ao c6 ZO €6 ao +6 so 06) «6&0 160 6G 26. so 16 €0 26 Bo 16 €o 06 «6&0 zo 6 9% $6 co | 96 €o | t6 Eo | 6 Eo | cz Eo | 16 Fo] fF wo | 66 so} S6 co | 16 Eo | 06 Eo | £6 Fo Sz t6 Eo €6 €o 6g zo €6 co S6 sao 86 ao +6 1'O 6 =1'0 €6 1'o +6 sO t6 10 $6 ~=1'0 te +6 To +6 sO £6 ao €6 zo +6 zo $6 ao S6 ao S6 ao +6 zo c6: zo 06 «ZO t6 ZO € €6 zo €6 zo 06 «so 6g ao Lg so | 6g so |] gg a6 6g co | c6 co | 06 €0 | 06 Eo | 26 Eo bt z6 fo s6 «€'0 £6 &o +6 fo t6 fo $6 fo S6 €o Ss6 sao $6 =o S6 so +6 ao €6 €o 1g S6 ao S6 so S6 sao +6 so t6 ao 46 «sO S6 ao $6 ao S6 ao S6 so t6 €0o S6 €o fore €6 €0o | € €0o0 | $6 Eo | $6 Eo | 66 Eo | t6 Fo] 66 Eo | t6 to | 16 +o | 9g So | Lg Lo | 6g So 61 Lg So | €g Go | og Fo |] Sg to | cg So | Ig to | Lg to | c6 to | $6 Eo | 06 Eo | Sg Eo | ag Eo gt Lg €&o 6g fo 16 Go €6 €o 16 €o 16 bo €6 to t6 to £6 €o £6 fo f6 €o +6 Eo ia S6 cao} 96 fo | $6 €0o0 | 66 so] +6 Eo | #6 Eo | 66 Eo | ec Eo | 6g +o} gg to | 68 Fo | Lg Fa gr €g So | 9g +o | gL Go | SL to | og +o | gL to | cg €o | LL €0o0 | LL €o0 | EL €0 | og E0 | tg Eo Sx 98 fo 98 ao zg €o £6 fo S6 €o c6 a0 c6 sO 6 0 B6 fo 16 zo 16 GO c6 0 GO tr t6 so 06 «ZO z6 a0 16 «SO z6 ZO 16 ao 06 «ZO Lg €o 6g fo 8g zo 88 ao ae SO €1 9g zo Sg ao gl ao SL €o 69 fo cL €o 6L sao gL €o zg 0 og ao cL €'0 SL €o Sl Sg €o Eg €o €g fo ge fo og =o gl fo iL &o Lh So gL fo gL €0o Sg so zg so Il gl €0o gL €0 LL €o 1g €o 6L €o gl fo IL to g9 So 99 «Cfo Sg +o €L +o €L So Or €L to 9g. zo 6g fo oe =o Sg ao £6 Sd s6 +o €6 90 Lg So eg fo Lg €o 06 «ZO 6 69 TO 6g 1'0 6g 10 gg ao eG sO 06 «610 06 «ZO 06 «ZO 06 «ZO sg zo €g ao Lg zo 8 88. ao 06 «zo 6g zo | 9g ao Lg ao gg. wo Sg fo tg €o0 | Sg Eo | 9g Eo Lg fo Sg ao L tg ao €g ao 98 zo tg ao 6l fo gl €o ob fo ol €0o gl €o og ao ol fo LL €o 9 tL €o gl €o gL 0 gl zo LL Bo og «ao gl €0 90 «Eo gi fo gl to og «fo zg fo S 6g zo og =f0 6L wo oL to bk 6S 96 Go gl .to gL €o Bo «CEO po «Ee g9 fo Sg to + iL Fo iL So sl to SL Go oL €o gb. So LL €o 1g 60 og «fo Sg ao bg ao +e sO € oy fo og «f'0 SL €o vi. tre SL to cL to €L €'0 gL fo gl fo SL €0o 6g oO gL ao z sb fo oL fo 6L fo ft oe 6L fo €g fo fg &o Sg fo Sg €'o 9g fo og fo Lg +o I o-d cum fod cura Jcocd cww fod cumm |-o-d corm |cocd mm f-o-d cw |cocd cw |co-d wu f-ocd cw [o-d mu | o-d smu “IPN gol u8 y9 qh ye uoOoN gol 48 y9 yP ye Ae “Mm LS obL = y 'N OF 68h = b yeNS ary ‘Aaeniqey ‘6681 129 HUMIDITY. 1898—1902. No. 4.] tLg t€0 |S9g +o |o'gg SE |1'9g 9f0 \9°9g SEO |hSg LEo JgSg gE |1gg SEO jegg s€'0 |jo'6g Ef0 |g'6g So |o6g Po | ueeyy zg So €g go og So tL So €L So eh So sb So 96 go oor 9'0 ool g'0 ool g'0 S6 go 1€ 66 So g6 So g6 So S6 90 g6 So g6 So S6 go oor SO Le Go L6 Go L6 So 66 So of oor S'o oor SO oor So oor g'0 oor go oor g‘o oor So oor S'0 oor S‘0 oor oO oor G'o oor So 6% g6 Sto oor So 66 9°90 go g‘o oor So 16 S‘o 96 fo g6 go £6 oo ool g'0 ool g'0 ool g'0 ga ool 9g'0 oor S'o oor S'0 ool g'0 ool g'0 L6 Lo +6 g'o S6 go oor $0 ool gO s6 go €6 go Lz 26 go tg 60 Ig 60 Ig 6°0 z6 0 g'o 8g 60 Sg 60 gl 60 tg go €e 90 9g go 1g 60 9% 06 «9:0 06) =6L‘o Sg Lo sg Lo 8g g'o 9g (Lo 06) «L‘o oor S'o oor to 66 §€o oor S'o oor +o Se oor So oor S'o 66 go go go g6 90 g6 So oor to g6 to 66 Fo 8g. gtd g6 S'o 66 go te L6 So Lg g'o 96 So 06 «So 6g 90 th oe Sg go Lg Lo Lg gto eo bo 99 Lo el le €s LL g‘o gL Lv ol ke oL go 99 «G'0 ob 6be IL Lo 9g 9'0 tL go €L go tg Lo g9 go SS oL Lo 16 Lo £6 Lo 66 go L6. g'0 +6 Lo 06) =6L‘o L6 g‘o g6 go 96 go 16 g'0 16 go 1G Ig So zl +o oL €o zg to og +o og =o og =&o gl fo Sg ao zg fo Ig €o tg €0o oa oL to oL €0 Sg +o Lo +o iL €o Lo €0o ol fo zl sO gl fo gl zo SL €o gg ao 61 €g ZO zg a0 og co zg so Ig zo og «4&0 6L fo Se 270 Lg zo gg ao $6 ZO z6 oo gi €6 1'0 c6 «10 16 10 16 Zo €6 so 9g sO 06 «G0 €6 zo | c6 1'0 06 so | €6 1'0 €6 10 Lr 06 «Zo 06 «60 76 ‘6 6g Zo 16 ZO 9g sO 06 «0 s6 «SO 26 sO 16 GO z6 Eo 06 «co gI 06 «a0 6g a0 Lg ao €g cao |-sg ao Sg ao Lg so gg. ao Sg so 6g §o 6g ao 6g ao G1 Lg so Lg ao 9g ao 6g ao 6g ao 9g zo Sg zo eg 0 Sg so co eo 9g ao Sg €o $1 9g ao €g zo 1b So tL €0 cL €o €g so zg €o zg fo zg 0 6g €o 6g a0 Lg €o €r 88 go 6g cao Sg ao gg so gg. ao 6g zo is ro z6 0 s6 «10 e610 z6 0 eg zo oI 9g #10 9g 10 Lg 10 gg. 10 gg. oo 6g Lo 06 «LO 16 To Tm 1'o 16 ro iG 16 m6 ro Il z6O«'0 16 1'o zc6 G0 €6 za'o 16 ao 6g Zo tg so Sg <0 gl so Ig so tg 10 co ro or zg oOo ek 0 gL ao SL ao pL ao SL ro 6L 1:0 Ig ro ge Te bg soiL'o Se tre 2 ae 6 ig roe 9g #10 Lg 10 Sg 1:0 tg oro tg so ee so ih 30 tL so gl zo gl ao og sO 8 5 a og «#10 Ig Zo 6L wo gl zo 8g ao 16 1'0 16 1'0 16 1'o 06 «0 oe Tro Lg 10 iL tg zo ig Te Sg sao €g ao €g ao Ig ao €g so 9g zo 98. =o 9g ao Lg ao 9g =o Q ZB Ig so Sg ao €g zo €g cao Ig zo 1g eo tg co zg OO zg fo 1g €o ig =o © 06 «ZO €g £0 €g €o 6L €0 og =o €g eo 9g «(OFo gg fo €6 so z60 SO €6 €o gg so + 88. ao £ 10 [gro So Te tg oro €g ro zg OO Ig ro ig ro I€ Ig Io Ig zo 6L zo og ao 6L ao 6L zo 6L 10 6L ro 6L zo 6L vo LL io gL ro of €L zo tL zo el ao SL wo Ig 1'0 Ig ro 2g ro Ig 1'o 6L zo zg 'o eq re og oro 6e Ig 1'o sg oo eg oro eg ‘0 eg ao Ig 10 1g so og ao 6L ao 6L ao 6L ao gL 10 ge 6L ro gL 10 gL 10 eb Tro gl ro gl 10 gi io gl 10 gl ro gl re gL 10 LL Io Le Lh. fo LL 10 LL ro LL re LiL 1 LL Lo LL 10 Lh 3 gl 10 LL ro gl ro iL tre gz LL Lo LL 10 LL ro gl ro LL 1o LL ro LL 10 gL ro LL ro LL 10 LL ro LL 10 Se LL 10 LL io LL ro LL oro Li 29 Li Pe LL oro LL ro LL ae of ts ob 16 LL ro be LL io LL tro LL ro Lb fs LL 10 LL 3s LL oo LL io LL 10 fi Toe tL ro LL 10 Se LL ro LL tro LL to tL re LL ro LL ro cL we LL ro LL oro gL Ts LL ro LL Te oe LL ro gl ro LL to LL oo LL ro LL to ol 10 ol Io LL ro oL 10 LL ro gl 10 IS gL ro LL io LL ro LL ro LL oro LL ro LL io LL 1o LL ro sl ro €L ro LL to oc LL to LE 36 LL to Lb 1-0. LL to LL ro LL ro LL ro LL 10 EL To be 10 ob 16 6r LL io LL roe LL ro LL ro LL iro €L ro LL iro LL 10 gL 10 LL oo LL xo LL ro gr LL 1-0 gl 10 6L 10 og oro Ig ro og =r'o 6L ao 6L zo og =o og zo €g cao og «a0 Li tg £0 tg zo €g fo Sg ao zg £0 fg €o tg So eg So zg g'o 6L Lo eg OL z6 Ol 91 Z6 Ol 26 T° 16 oT 16 OTL 16 OTL 99 OT £6 Gi 6 of 8g Ol 9g 60 z6 «6'0 L6 Lo St 96 go €6 So 16 So 16 €o 16 €0 16 €'0 96 fo 16 €'0.] 06 €'0 06 «6s'O 16 so 16 co vr 16 €0 z6 Eo 06 «Eo 06 «fo 16 €0 16 €o0 wm Pe z6 fo c6 «to z6 Go €6 So $6 So €r £6 go S6 go £6 So s6 Lo so 866 oo fo s6 go S6 go 6 =Lo €6 go €6 go bo So eI ao So z6 0 So 16 +0 06 «(Cfo 6g €0o gg. Eo 8g fo Lg fo 9g €o 9g fo $g ao 9g fo 1a 98 zo 98 zo Sg sao £g zo £5 €o Sg £0 £g so 9g ao 88. zo Lg wo Lg zo 8g. =o or 88. zo gg fo 6g £€o Lg zo 88 oO Lg so 9g «fo 9g fo fg fo el he €L +o cl oe 6 €L Fo zl Fo €g €o fg so 9g zo Lg zo Lg sao tg ao tg zo tg Go zg €o tg fo 8 zg fo Ig to tg fo 9g =O Lg €o fo €o Lg fo Lg €o 9g €0 £9. 2 op 6 fg £0 L tg €0 tg €o so fo €g +o 88 €o 8g. fo 8g. oO 88. zo 88. ao 6g £0 6g fo 06) =6F0 9 6g to gg to Lg +o fe a eg &o gg. fo 88 fo Lg €o Sg &o 9g €o ig fo 9g €o i Lg €o Lg ao Lg €o ig a Lg €0 Lg fo 9g fo Sg €o 6e fo 9g fo 98 fo te fo + zg €o €g to tg Fie th re LL fo iL Go og go Sg Lo 9g go Lg Ir oe Py gg. o'r S 160 Gr zg oT bb Sr ol ft tL G1 CL or 06 Qt wm ee SL So €g fo fo $e €g to z 9g «Oto tg to Sg to Sg fo cg oto tg +o tg So tg So Sg +o Sg to tg So 9g 90 I ocd cum jcocd cumm od cum (ocd swum | ocd cum ford cum focd cww fjord cww |'o'd smu |-o-d cww |-o-d swum jo-d ‘ww APIA Wor 48 9 a ue WOON yor us a9 a We &eq ‘MOF 88 = 7 ‘N OF 9b = 4 -pioljaseey “a3quia0aq) ‘006 149 HUMIDITY. 1898—1902. No. 4.] gzg Sro |Lzg gto |gsg Sr-o gg Cro |L€g Sro |F€g Lio |L‘Eg Cro |r'€g Sto lgeg gro |€sg Lio 2g gro |g'zg ozo uvayl 06 «€0 6g €o 8g. so 88 ao eg zo 8g. zo sg. zo gg zo eo 3's. €g So tg +o tg 0 1& rg So Sg Fo re Fe Se fe tg to tg So 06 «fo 6g +o 16 bo zg go Lg to Ig So of 16 to og «So 8g fo c6 fo z6 Eo 16 €o tg fo €g €o LL to og «0 gg €&o 88 Zo 6c 6g ao 6g zo 69 =o 8g sro Lg ro Lg zo 9g ao Ig so Sg ao €g ao og =«(f'o 6L +o gz zg to sg fo og =otto Sg to tg So tg So €g to 6g +o tg fo fg zo €g zo tg so Lz tg ro Sg ro tg ro €g ro tg ro tg ro fg ro tg 10 €g ro €g ro €g so | Ig ao 9c LL Zo LL zo ib 2a eg so zg oo zg oO zg so se Bo zg so zg Zo So so eg so Se eg Zo 2g ro sg ro fg Ie €g 1'o zg OO €g ro 29 16 6L 10 og 0 19 1o og 10 be 6L 10 gl 10 LL Lo LL ro LL ro go Tre gL ro LL oo [o] oe) oL to ol 16 LL 10 €z LL oto gL Io 9oL ro gL oo 9L oo of 2S LL 2. ol 10 LL. Te gl io og 10 og ro fat og =o og =o og =o 6L ro og «10 og =o og ro og =o Ig r'o Ig ro Ig ro og =o Id og =o Ig 10 €g ro Sg ro Sg ro tg ro eB sO«r'o og. =o'o og ro og ro gl oo LL oo of tL oe LL oro 6L oo 6L oo Ig oo 1g oo Ig oo Ig oo gl ro og =o tg oo og «ro 61 Ig o0 Ig a0 6£ 10 og =o ig Te ig To og 10 6L 10 Lo. ae gL ro 66 fo gL ro gi 6L ro og ro og =oir'o 1g te Ig 10 Tg 1'o 6, 1a gL 10 cL ro og =o 6L Io LL 10 Lr iL se ol 10 gL ro gL ro gL 10 gl oo eg oo Ig 10 1g oo of 19 og =o Ig oo QI Ig oo Ig oo 1g oo Ig oo Ig oo Ig oo 1g oo zg oro 1g oo og «oro sg oo Ig oo Sr ol iro LL ro og =o tg ro zg oo 6L oo og soir'o 6L 10 og oro og ro og) «ro og 10 $I og =o og 10 og ro og oro €g ro €g ro €g ro fe 20 €g 1'o €g ro €g 10 €g 10 €1 €g 10 €g 10 €g ro €g ro fe 5 €g ro €g iro €g ro Sg 1 eg ro zg oro tg oar eI tg ro €g mo €g ro €g ro €g r'o sg 1:0 €g ro tg oro tg oro og Ee Sg 1ro Sg so <2 Sg zo 98 sre) Lg ro Lg ro Lg 16 Lg 10 if 2o gg ao gg ao Lg Zo Lg 10 9g 10 oI 9g Io Lg ro Lg ro tg St Lg 10 9g sir‘o 99 16 9g 10 9g sro 9g ro lg ro 9g 10 6 9g 10 9g 10 Lg 10 Lg 2'e Lg ro gg. oro lg so i Ie 8g co 88 zo gg zo 6g so 8 6g co Lg €o Lg €o 9g fo tg €o gL Fo tg ao €g ao €g zo zg 0 zg GO sg oO L zg zo €g ao tg ro tg ro tg zo tg so tg oro tg 10 tg ao ~~ f6 tg to tg ro 9 tg 10 zg 10 1g Io 1g 10 rg o9e og =ir‘o og «ro ie 36 fe 13 6L To Ig so Ig eo SI og zo €g €o Ig €o €g €o 06 «g'0 S6 go +6 go +6 g'o €6 S:o c6 ~S'o z6 S‘o c6 So ¥ 16 +o 16 to 06 «(Fo 6g £0 lg ao 9g so 9g so Sg ao tg so Sg ro tg ro Sg ro & Sg ro Sg 1'0 €g 1'o tg Io tg ro tg 10 Sg ro 6L zo 6L ao Ig so Ig so Sg sao to} Sg ro Sg ro Sg 1'o Sg imo Sg iro tg 10 tg 10 Sg s1'o Sg ro +g ro tg ro 9g ro I ocd cmur od cur f-ocd wu | ocd cw jocd curr f-ocd swur fod cunm j-ocd cum |o-d smu | -o-d cum |-o-d ‘wu |-o-d wu IPI yor 48 49 yh qe NOON yor ys 49 aL? We sea "M OF 88 = Y 'N OF 9L = 4 ‘pioljaseey ‘Arenuef ‘1O6I [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 150 ele e€0 |jolg 1€0 |S-Lg 6z0 |S:9g Leo Z9g geo |1'9g ozo |z'9g O€'o |LLg of |L‘Lg teo |PLg geo |L-Lg 1€0 |glg z&-o uvayql 08°. 20) og oro gL ro | og ro | 6L 10 6L ro 6L ro 6L 10 | 6L Io 6L 10 6L 10 | 6L 10 ge 6L ro 6L 10 6L 10 gL ro gL ro 9gL 10 LL ro gL ro 6L Lo 9L 10 og =ir'o LL ro Le og «oro og «oto 6L ro LL ro r. 16 gL 10 gL 10 6L 10 og =r'o gL 10 gl ro SL ro 9z tL To $l re tg zo cL =e 6L ao el oe Sg 60 66 of 66 6:0 66 go g6 6:0 OOI O'L Se oor 60 oor 6:0 oor Lo g6 So L6 to L6 +o 96 «(Fo L6 +o 96 «(Fo 16 Fo £6 +o L6 So be g6 Fo L6 So L660 +6 g'o 88 gro tL 60 €S ol Lo or £9 ©1r oL I'l gL 60 cS OL €e Sg orl Sg or S6 Lo 9g «Lo zgs«g'o 9g «g'o 26 L'o ool gio | 66 go g6 Lo 96 g°0 $6 £0 et F600 $0 €6 So €6 So €6 go 06 «go 06) «(to gg 0 Sg €o Sg €:0 gl €o LL €0o Ig €o Ie gh vo | 1g fo | 1g Eo | tg Eo | tg Eo | Sg co] lg eo | 06 «zo! 0 co] 16 zo | 06 co] 6 ro oz 06 ZO 06 «10 06 «10 16 ZO c6 0 06 «ZO 8g ao 16 Zo 16 €0 06 «6&0 16 Fo 16 Fo 61 c6 to S6 to +6 «~+Fo 16 €0 16 Zo 6g so 6g zo 8g. sir'o gg ro gg ro Sg 10 Sg ro gr tg 10 88 10 Sg so tg ro tg oo Sg zo 9g zo Lg zo 8g. ao 9g «a0 zg sO og zo LI 6L ao gl 10 gL tro €L 1'o 6£ ro SR ZO z6 z'0 66 zo 66 cao 66 zo ool co OOI ZO 91 66 ao oor Zo 66 FO 66 zo 66> Eo 66 £€o 66 Eo 66. £O g6 So oor 6°0 ool 6:0 66 OTF Sr oor o'r 66 6:0 oor 6:0 oor 6'0 66 6:0 66 go 66 gro £6 90 €6 S:o z6 So 16 +0 16 €o as 16 €0 88 a0 lg so Lg ro Lg ro Lg ro Lg ro Lg 10 6g 1'o gg. sCisr‘o 6g Io 6g 10 €r 6g Io 6g =o 6g 1'0 (elon axe) 06) «60 06 «Zo 16 Zo 16 so 16 €o 16 €o 06) «6&0 gg co or gg. £0 (clo un ae) 06) «6+F0 16 +0 c6 0 So €6 So z6 Go €6 go 16 g‘o L6 Lo s6 60 go Oo: It 96 11 $6 oI 96 Lo 96 Lo S6 go s6 go +6 gto t6 go 26 So z6 So c6 So eo OD or 16 +o 06 «(Fo 6g €0o gg. fo €g zo Lg Zo Sg so gg. ao gg. ro Lg ro gg ro Lg ro 6 9g sro Lg ro Lg ro Lg ro Lg ro Lg 1'o Lg 10 9g ro 9g +10 9g 10 9g ro 9g ro 8 Sg ro og «re 9g «oO 9g sro 98 Io 9g sro 98 Io 9g oo Sg ro cg ro Se re tg oro L tg ro tg ro €g 10 tg ro Sg ro Se 16 zg oro €g ro €g iro fe tte eg sO«L'o Sg ro 9 Sg ro LL ro LL ro LL io SL 1o zg 10 zg oo €g ro Sg 10 Sg io +g 10 6L to Ss Ig 1'o Ig 10 cg so ego te 1ro sg oo cg ilo €g ro eg 10 fg 16 €g ro og =oir'o 4 gL 10 €L ro SL 3 gL ro gl ro 6L 10 6L ro og =r'o LL ro og «so tg ao 98 =o £ Sg ao tg so 88 ao gg. ao 8g. zo Lg Zo Sg ao Sg ro fg ro tg 10 Sg ro 9g ro a Lg ao Lg zo Lg «ao Sg ao £g sao Lg so 8g co 06 ZO 16 Zo 16 Go 16 Zo 16 z0 I od cum jcocd mur j ocd sw | o-d wu fod cw [od cum foocd wu | -o-d cur | ocd curm [ocd cwor [od wu |-o-d unm PUA yor yg 49 q? ye uooN yor 48 y9 y? ye keg ‘M OF (88 = 7 'N Ob ol = 4 ‘pioljaseesy “Arenigay ‘TO6T 151 HUMIDITY. 1898 --1902. No. 4.] T'9g geo \6'9g geo |1'Lg Leo |E-9g geo (fog gzo |o79g 6e°0 [L'9g 6z'0 |6'9g 9za'0 joLg gzo |olg tao |6°9g Sao |s-9g gz'0 | uvdyl 16 €o BG 20 6g fo 9g fo 9g «(Fo 06 «fo felon axe) gg. to 06) «60 06 «6&0 9g (to Lg So 1s 96 9:0 S6 go +6 go +6 go z6 go 16 g'o 26 46 88 go 06 90 z6 Lo £6 go t6 6:0 of $6 o18 L6 or 66 I'l oor FI oor 1 go FT L6 PL g6 ST oor SI L6 go 96 g'0 c6 go 6c 26 So z6 So 16 Fo 16 to | 9g +to0.| 9g Fo Lg to | 6g Eo z6 «Eo 16 ao I6 ZO 16 ZO ge 6g zo Lg &o Lg €o Sg fo 6g fo Sg fo 06 «6€0 16 €'0 16 +0 16 to €6 +o +6 «~F0 Le €6 to > fo 46 Go €6 So 26 So £6 90 c6 Lio | £6 go L6 go L6 oF g6 SL 96 St 9c 96 Sr go SI 66 aI OOI al 66 ol 66 OL 36 «60 €6 gio L6 go 96 gro L6 Lo s6 Lo Se +6 Lo S6 go S6 g'o s6 So S6 S:o 96 6S'o S6 to 16 to z6 «FO gg to gg (Fo gg &o te gg so gg fo 9g fo 6L fo gL £€o 6L €o og ao zg oO Ig zo tg so 9g 10 Lg ro &e Lig 2s 6g r'o 6g 10 ig Teo 9g so Lg Zo Lg Bo o¢ fo og ro 9g 10 9g 410 9g ro oe 9g ro 9g «10 9g 10 9g ro og oro Lg ro Lg ro Lg 10 9g 10 | 9g 10 9g ro | 9g 10 1G 9g oro 9g ro 0g 10 9g 10 Se ©re 9g ro 9g sro 9g ro Sg ro G9 10 9g 10 Lg ro oz 9g #10 gg oro Lg ro Sg ro Sg ro Ig ao Sg ro tg 10 €g ro tg ro $g ro Sg ro 61 eg Zo Sg ao 9g i'o Sg ro Sg ro Sg io gg. ao 6g 10 6g Zo 06) «610 [olor axe) gg so gr Lg Zo gg. oro gg zo 8g oro 6g zo gg zo gg oro eg. oro 9g 10 lg ro og ro 9g ro Li bo «a Lg ro Lg ro Lg 10 gg oro 6g zo 6g zo 6g Zo 6g 10 ep ro gg oro 6g zo 91 gg. 410 6g zo 6g co gg ao 9g zo 9g zo 9g ao Lg 10 ce roe og 16 Sg ro 9g ro Si Ee 20 vg ro Lg 10 tg ao Lg Zo 9g £0 6g ao eg zo 06 ZO 06 «sO 06 «ZO Sg €o 1 Lg go z6 «0 6g Zo 6g so 6g ao 6g zo 6g ao gg. ro Lg 10 Lg ro Lg ro 9g 10 er 9g 10 9g ro 9g soir‘o 9g 10 ig 3re Se tro 2g oro bo © €g ro eg re €g ro eg 10 eI Ig ro zg si‘o zg 10 zg s'o €g 10 €g ro Sg ro €g ro tL so $g ro tg ro Sg ro Ld LL ao €g iro €g mo Ig 10 SL wo €g ro Sg ro tg oro tg 10 €g ro zg ro +g 10 or +g 10 Eg ro zg Fe Ig ro 6L 10 og =ir'o og 8 LL ro gL ro 6L I'o 6k 10 gl 1'0 6 gl 10 6L ro 1g Oo og ro 66 ro 6L 10 zg so Ig so tg so sg 0 tg so eg 10 8 og. =«r'o zg 10 9g a0 Ig ao z6 =o z6 €'0 6g fo z6 Eo c6 Zo £6 €o €6 +o €6 0 L 16 €o €6 €0 Lg so | 9g ao 9g ao Lg so 6g co 6g Zo 6g a‘o 16 so 06 «ZO 9g fo 9 gg fo zg fo 9g «fo Sg to Sg €o €g fo €g £0 Lg 10 Sg ao €g ro gl so 6L 10 S LL io LL 10 LL 10 og ro zg si'o tg 10 eg ro tg Lo +g 10 tg co €g ro Sg 1'o + €g 10 &g xe) tg ro €g ro Ig 10 Lo ao SL €-o Sg ro tg 10 og 10 6L ao 99 «sO € Lo ao Lo Zo elL Zo 6L ao og «ro og 10 og =o og 10 6L 10 6L 10 og =o og =o c HL Ie Ig 10 Ig 10 Ig 10 Ig 10 gL ro 6. roa og =6oro 6L 10 6L 10 og 10 og =o I y+d cw [ocd cur j-o-d unm |-ocd cmur | ocd swur | 9 -do-wu f-o-d cu [coed cwur | cocd smut [ocd cm | ocd swt | 9 ‘d -wur “IPN yor 8 9 q? qe uooN yor yg Wg y? ye Aeqd “mM 0? .88 =1 “YoIe Al ‘N ,6F .9L = 4 ‘pioljoseey ‘TO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN, 152 &88 980 |hgg LS0 |olLg ogo |gLg 6S:0 |g'9g I9'0 |%'9g Eg'0 [hog ogo |e'9g gQS'o |tLg ES-o |E-gg sSo |L:gg 1S:0 |g'gg sS-o uBoy €g Lo 06) «Lo 6g go 68 go 88 ro Lp go 98 Lo Sg Lo Sg Lo Sg Lo Sg Lo Lg go of SL Lo | 9g 60 | 9g 60 | 9g o1 98 (Ol tg ot tg ol ego og oil eg oil €g 60 | sg or 6e cB: SBC: cg Ol 6L or gl 6:0 gl or SL 6:0 tL go Ig 9'0 og So Ig Go £9 £0 ge Sg go 6L go zB g’o og «60 cL. 6 90 er og (OL 6L 6:0 gL 66 9g «g'o 9g go 9g go Lz 98 go 98 6:0 bg Ol €g 6:0 6L go zg go 98 «g'o 9g go Sg +o Sg €o Sg €o Sg Fo 9c 9g (fo 98 Fo Lg So Sg So tg go 0g «(gto tg g'o 6L go Ig go | og go zg So Ig +o ce zg Oto 6L €o 6L to gL So SL So gL S'o LL Go gL So LL Go gl to gi Fo gl Fo be gh £0 gf £0 LL So £g go 06 90 96 Lo | L6 Lo | £6 go | 66 go | g6 Lo | 66 Lo | g6 go €z oot Lo oor Lo 66 go L6 go 16 Gro 16 6'0 Sg go s6 go g6 Lo L6 Lo 66 Lo g6 Lo tig 66 Lo 66 go L6 Lo £6 6:0 c6 gto 16 go 16 g‘o gl So tL go gL Lo gL Lo gl gro Id gl Lo gl Lo 9L Lo Ig go 9g go egg’. Sg Lo zg go | 9g So Lg So | 6g 9g 0 Lg So 0% 9g oL‘o €g Lo Se eo 98 go eQ OL gl ol gb oo: Ig OL 6g I'l 06 «I'l s6 11 06 PI 61 Lg go Lg go 6g 6:0 06 «660 Sg oT 6g ol 06 «OTL = «ot $6. OY g6 OF L6 6:0 L6 60 gr L6 6'0 66 6:0 86 «660 g6 6:0 S6 6:0 S64 «66'e c6 =g'o 06) «go 16 Lo 26 Leo €6 g'o 96 «Lo Li sé Lo €6 Lo 16 Lo +6 Lo c6 g'o gg. Lo gg oLto 8g go 06 6g‘ 6g So 9g «CFO €g €o QI tg fo £g €o Sg €o 9g £0 16 Fo z6 oto tg So gg to | €6 Eo 6g to Lg €o Lg €0o $1 6g fo 06 «6&0 6g fo 16 £6 8g ko ee «So 8g €o gg fo eg ao 6g zo Sg €o ty So Fr 6g zo Lg «ao 9g ao 9g ao gg. ao lg eo 8g. ao Lg zo 9g zo 9g zo Lg tro Lg zo SE og «fo og «fo 6g zo 06 «6&0 06 «sO 06 «G0 06 «z'O 9g zo rg «EO Lg so 9g zo 9g «ro BI Sg. ao rg sO LL e6 gL Zo gl ao LL 20 eo. =o zg €o ig 98 g'o L6 go L6 go Il L6 go £6 g‘0 $6 g°0 16 to Lg to Sg 80 og «fo fo to tg zo Sg ao £g so Sg ao or Lg zo £g zo zg £0 9g zo tg €o tg €o €g €o sg Oo sg 0 Sg sao €6 zo 6g ao 6 6g €o Lg €o Lg €o ig oe tg fo 9g fo Lg €o Lg to Lg €o Lg €o Lg zo gg fo 8 8g fo ig So Lg =o Lg to Lg +o le ho 8g «Fo gg so €6 Co 6 Sa +6 go L6 go L OO al g6 gi L6 aT 96 «I'l S6 of $6 o|1 $6 OF S6 It 16 O'1 €6 tr og. I'l fg or 9 Go BT €6 Er eo EL +6 «Lo c6 Lo $6 g'0 £6 fo $6 +o $6 Eo $6 €o 96 £0 96 FO ¢ 96 fo 96 Eo z6 &0 16 €o 06 «(to gg to 8g «Fo 06 Fo 06 «fo 06 «60 eG fo 16 6&0 $ 46 fo €6 +o 6g +o 8g fo 6g So 06 «g'0 16 S'o 16 «oO £6 to $6 Fo +6 to ls a 2) c €6 +o 16 «6S 16 €o 06) «(to 6g +o 6g So gg So 6g to 06 «60 06 «EO 6 ao 6 «sO fad £6 so €6 zo z6 0 6g fo Lg +o Lg €0o gg fo 6g fo 16 Zo 16 so z60 0 z6 0 sO I cord cum |-ocd eww jocd cw | ocd cum Jord smu ocd swur food cwur jcocd cm j-ocd smu focd cmm | od swuw | od ‘wu “IPL yor q8 q9 yr qe uooN yor 18 9 q? ye seq “M oF (88 = ¥ ‘N OF ol = b ‘Tady ‘TOGI ‘paofjaseey 153 HUMIDITY. 1898—1902. No. 4.] Gog EL-1 |6Sg LL'r (6g 1g't l6bg ogt jotg eg |g€g Lbr 91g gor |L€g gor joog gor |tSg cor (ELg og je lLg 19'1 ueoyW 66 Ss 66 Gz g6 Fe L6 fe go fs c6 gil 76 1% c6 SI 6 Sr og or So s2 tg €1 ré €6 FT 16 OT 16 gil 16 OF og OT Sg Ltt og «Q'l SL gi ig Gr tg gl Fg S41 Sg ti of wL GI eL G1 og gt Ig; g°% ZB SL OL | oL gf zg gl Ig Q'l og StI €g gti 62 Sg Sr og Lt tg Or Sg SI Sg Sia 06 «QI tg ofr 1g +1 €g gor tg gtr 66 g2 +6 Le ge L6 L6 gf L6 gf c6 Le 46 LE #6 GSE 1-96 EE C6 e@& | 96 FE L6 oe L6 oe g6 FF Le go 6 FE g6 (OF E go SE L6 gf 16 LE go SE L6 &E L611 96 gt v6 gs Lg te Le Fe 9c Lg Ss og fs Lg &e LL oe SL os gl 61 gL o% 06) «Lt +6 gt 96 SI 96 «FT c6 FTI Se 6 Sr 6g SI Sg oT gl Sr LL Gtr wg Ler eb 9° $6 G2 g6 at L6 &E 96 «6FS 96 Of te €6 GE 06 «orb | 06) IF +6 oF C6 oF z6 6E z6 gf 96 gt L6 gt g6 SE go SE g6 (FE €e 66 €€ 96 FE 66 aé 6 oe | t6 EF $6 ot c6 OS 96 Os L6 Ga L6 ge 46 Ss co Ss os c6 Fs £6 Pe c6 te L6 be 6L oe vo Sat pa EE fo sr Li @r oo fx 6g ai Lo Ge Is 6 QI so. Ua g6 61 go as L6 le L6 we S6 fe 66 1's L6 we fg of ag Te €g os oz eg 2 L6 of L6 6@ L6 o€ L6 &e t6 =e £6 of $6 '€ $6 6% 96 Of 86 ge 9g 9% 61 €L gz gl te LL Ge ol Ws So Ge 6L he to ss tg Lt g9 «gl Sq Lt Sq £2 6L Sr QI og al ie 2 ig er Sg &1 Lg tr 16 &r Sg et c6 al 66 at og al o6 TI 160 FT Lt €6 IL 06) «(OTL 6 ot 6g ail 76 6 (Gtr 6g ZI CQ oT C3 Tr Sf o§ 6g g¢" 6g go $6 6:0 QI o6 Er 96 FI EO er L6 gr 66 of go Le £6 «g'l 6 oe 06 «Ga en ee c6 Ge 6 he Cr 66 tsa $6 te c6 te 66 Ge S6 Gz s6 Gz s6 te s6 te S6 fs S6 ss 06 «1S og) «6I Pr gl 61 €g 61 eg 6 eh Lt ob bi 69 Qt bh 4 ig @ 2 eg 1 op Fr og St €g or €1 €g or og fr gh 1 og «(FI LL G1 gh Gir LL Gr gh Gt SL -S'r og ST 6L Sr gl Sr SI LL Gr 7 nn ap 99 SI Lo GI el &1 oL Gr oL Sr tL or bl ST gl &1r gl fi SL br II aL 2a EL $a of eh SL G1 a gL &1 Gh. Be ol rr 6h oF og «660 og) (Ol 6L or O1 6L 6:0 | 0g 60 | Og OTF SL ovr SL Ir Sl 2a eb ol 69 I'l bL of gl OF LL 6:0 ol 60 6 Po. ee 69 OF 99 60 oL OL 89 OF Sg 60 Eg gro og) =6Lo oL go ch So oL go sl 60 8 SL 6:0 SL ol LL ai LL G1 LL Obl SL Wr bl Sr PL oar og «ST tg Sl og «(Ol 9g «go L zg go og «Lo Ig te gL go zg gro Sg go 98 go Le 60 PP oT 69 «mr 06 2T 20 2S 9 16 62 06 «sl to Ca tg al €g ar eg oil op Tr eg 1 Pe Sz 6g Sr 06) «I'l eG 22 ¢ 16 Gi eg ol 1g o'r tL €1 cL tr Ib G1 eb ol SL or og 60 | og Lo gl go Sg go + fg Lo tg «go Ig 6:0 sg 60 tg go Sg go 9g Lo Lg Lo Sg go 6L go Lg Lo 6g Lo € €g go EL to el De og «Lo 9g «Lo 9g Lo 9g «iL‘o lg Lo eg Lo Lg Go 8g go 06 go & 6g 90 Lg go tg gto gg go 6g 9°90 Lg go 6L 6:0 06 «9:0 €g Lo 06 «gO 06) =Lo Le Lo I toed cur |cocd cww |:o-d cur |o-d cune f-ocd cum fod swum focd cwur | ‘9 ‘d cum jeo'd cwur fod smu j‘o-d smu j'o-d ‘mur PIN yor nt} 9 q? ye uwooNn yor q8 y9 yh ye seq ‘mM oF 88 = 7 ‘N OF 9 = 4 ‘piofjaseey ‘APIA ‘TO6I [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOAN. 154 Sle ege leSg oo€ |r'bg EQE la'€g Soe |OEg PLE [Sbg ILE Jorg gor lo'bg QSE |6Sg OSE |FLe GFE |olg EE |6Lg OSE uvayl L6 os 66 «1s 66 Es go as c6 es 06) «gS 1 as c6 &S go 61s L6 os L6 of | 96 OF of L6 66 of oor oS g6 es go ss g6 Ss 96 «61s &g gt 9g «OF 06) «gt z6 6h z6 gh 6z Sg +s 6L +s wb SS | €S gf SL org 06 as $6 oS 96 gt $6 6+ L6 os £46 oS L601 gz z6 aS $6 PS Sg oS €6 oF 9g os og aS rg a's Lg oF Sg os 06) «gt Lg Lt og «(FS Le 1g Lb | LL gh | of gh | gL gt |} Sg gt | gg Lb |] gg Le | 6 Le | S6 gh | L6 gh | g6 gb | L6 LY 9z L6 gh 96 Sh c6 oth 0o6 «fr tg Str 6L Ltt ob 1h SL gh 19 gt Lo «ms 9g (OF tg Sh Se €L gh I9 .gb og «gt tg oF Eg tr 9g Of tg rb 06 «gt Lg gf LL &€ IL gé bl SS te 99 we Lo 6s 9S ae gs até tL g'€ So ¥FeE €L tb Lg &r L6 oF c6 Ls 06 «SE €g Le €e 9g OE 9g ot gg Of 96 oF 9g ot LL ge Lg «mv LL ov 6g oF 6 6€ €6 oF gl Sh oo S6 Ly | gh €F | Sg rh | 1h Sb | CL ash | 16 +h | sg Hh | 06 Ih | Sg sh | 96 HH | LE EF | 66 HH Ig g6 Er | 9g GE | 06 rh | Lg rt | 06 oF | go gtr] S6 or | 16 rhe | og LE | gg FE | 16 FE | 6 HE oz £6 of | gg LE | 06 rh | gg oF | 06 +t | co Le | gg gh | S6 Lhe | eg gh | 16 Le | 6g gr | $6 Lh 61 G6 gt S6 6+ g6 Lt 6 6b v6 of og «gh go Ob eh tb €g tr Lg Sb 6L. ap gg ott gi og ut 160 &b 8g. ooh €g LE | og L€ gg gt 9g OF gg oth $6 SE go Eb g6 ah | go Eb Lr go Lt? go ot g6 gt 66 Le go Lt g6 ot £6 gt +6 oth L6 oF L6 ge L6 LE 16 FE OI zc6 OE be £¢ bo Le: Cle Ike go sé ce 18 bh 6% 06 «(FE £6 Se 16 oe c6 OSS c6 Se C1 L6 FE S6 at L6 OL‘h £6 LE | 96 oF $6 St $6 46 EF £6 af £6 «rk z6 oF IG OF tr 16 gé 06 LE | 69) OF 68 SE | pg FE | Le £E Lge ae Sg 4ré | 6L 62 gl ga Tg 6@ gl os €1 og of | gL Ge | gL Ge | oL ge! go Gz] Lo TE] 69 Of | oL Ge | ch ge} SL Le | th ge | ah Lez SI el Le aL De Sg gt fg bre el PE Te Be ef Ft aL Of gl at €6 Se 06 ga co Le ES og oe lg mre 1g 62 og Fre gg Of Lg gta tg Le 98 9s 88 9s 26) Le 1 oe 66 62 OI 06 g% 88 Ss 66 Le €6 Ls 16 Lee 66 ge £6, 2 6L fe Sg Fe Lo Ge go fe 69 Gs 6 ol ve Gq. He lg Se Ig g@ 6L Ga tg te 6L ae gl Se og fe €g ae egy oe €g o@ 8 £6 og tL as LL Ge eg be 6L Ge gl Sa LL be gb fea gg os gh we eg be Ig &s L og «Gs eg. ove 88 Of ee re 6b 82 Ig be fo fF fe oF tg 62 Sg ore Sg 66 sg. oe 9 6g of 98 gs bg ge tg g@ og Ss Sg Ge Ig os 6L 1% 9g awe 6L re LL ore Sg ss S bg ws jo ee Lg ge og Sa ZB Cte Eh 26 zg Gs SL os Sb 252 eg oO 8g OL 06 Zs + Se «re 9g we tg fsa Sg ae ey re LL o% gL ae tL 61 gb 6x ob G1 IL we Sg of s tg ge Sy oe eg Le cL te ol re LL Pe ol ee og «Fe og fs og fa eg fe fg 8's S cQ O'S tg tea 9g «fsa 16 bs €6 Sse 06 «6s z6 Oe S6 be 46 Fe oor te oot a 66 ae I cord cum jo-d cum [ocd cum |cocd swum |-o-d cum jad swur fod cum |ocd cw | -o-d swum j-ocd swum jo-d cmm | o-d ‘wu PUN yoL ys y9 q? yz uooN yor q8 49 qh yz Aeq “M oF (88 = 7 'N 6b 9h = JS ‘piofjesvesy ‘aunf "TO6T 155 HUMIDITY. 1898—1902. No, 4.] e706 gé"h lo-Lg Eos jgSg €obr |g tg cos jebg oo'S jo'hg 66°F |o'Eg 16°F |1-Lg egh |6-gg8 6g'h |1'6g Egt |€-6g Ser |L-6g 1g'F ued €6 gt sg OF Sg of €g- os eg ors LL oLtt Lge 6+ 6g OF | t6 gt go gt g6 6b | oot Lb 1€ 96 gt 16 gh 06) Lb 96 «6 6g 6t og) oth €6 eS 96 oS 16 gh tg Lb Sg ot Lg Lb of 6g Lt 16 6+ Sg gt gg os Lg 6+ 6g oF 16 oS €6 4S £6 SS 1m «1S 6g os 96 aS 6c €6 Es go as €6 ¢S gg obs sg as 06 «69S gg os 16 aS +6 = =1'S £6 oF go as g6 +s ge 96 «6+ oor gs oor +S g6 9S 06 §866s L6 =OLS Lo 6s €6 gf 96 SS oor €&¢ oor #S €6 of Le v6 =r? go 66S €6 «1S 96 af 06 «6s 16 oS eg OF 96 «61s g6 Es go aS t6 oS €6 of Qu S6 oS 96 «61s 16 Lr 6g gt Sg ot tg tr Sg ot £6 Lb 6g Sh 16 gh 86S’? £6 6 Se €6 6+ €6 of Lge gt 96 OF 16 gh 16 oF 6g th Lg oF c6 Sb c6 0 oth +6 OF g6 oF te go is £6 of go aS g6 «(Fs go Lt go ors 96 as 96 «61s oor oS 96 oS $6 gth £6 gt a Lg gt eg Lt tL gt TE Se tL got tL OLY iL G+ gi lb LL Sb to «gf zl ot | 6L EF ee €6 1s LL gt 6g 6F SL gt Sg Lb 96 OF 0g «6b | og Sh c6 Sh 96 Ly | 96 Lb | oot Lt 1s 96 Ltt £6 gt 6g OF gl oL+ ob Lt 3] €L Gh | 6L Sh | gg oF Sg fbr | sé tr 06) «(Fh oc Lg tt 6g th 26 SF eo ot €6 oF v6 «6h c6 gt o6 «Et 96 Eb Oo ost 6 eh 6g tb 61 06 ah 6g Fh 6g ott cg ot Sg tr tg tt gg St 96 «Lt 96 «Sb $6 &b 06) «SF 6g fb gi Sg &+ zg OSh tg of 6L tt Sg of Sg Lb Lg gt £6 6+ g6 gt 96 Sb 6g ath +6 gh Lr tg Pr og SF og Sh sg Ott tg ott LL &+ Sg Lt Lg ot 16 6+ 16 6+ Lg os €L Sb QI GL: Gee og «Lb gl oF gg 66s gg. 9 06 «99 Lg a9 6g gs 46 0'90 $6 «Lo L6 BO g6 Ls Sr 06) =6t9 Lg of tg Fo 6g il 6g Lo cL 99 Sg gos 6g Ls tg 6s €6 +s 6g ss 06 «6s Pr 06 «6S 9g «(OLS Lg €s gl es SL &s Ig +S €g gS c6 gS gl 6s €g o'9 tg oo tg &o9 er Le os Li. ae ig gS 6b 19 gl 6s ol #9 Eg +S sg gh ol £5 SL IPE 6 99'S &g at SI 66 69 6b iS 99 «6s ss Sb QoS E+ LS + Sg Sth cq SF Lo gt oL gt ch 6+ tL gt Il gL of €9 ot cq Ot to OF LS Gh to of to OF Lo gt oL OF ag gt 6g os 06 «61S or 6g oF Eg oF Eg of gl Lt eg 41s Sg af LL gt Ig oF oL t+ +7 a a ol f+ ol th 6 el ah zg ous sg os SL oS tL gh og «OF tl got 06) «Lt 96 Lt 06) «Sh sg St c6 oh 8 e6 Leb co Sh z6 oth z6 gt hb 16 gh $6 oS 6g gt 16 got 96 6+ fo oie tg Lb 06) Lh ‘ zo fer z6 Sh eG or #6 o> €6 Gb ro tS v6 aS 6g of 16 gt 16 gt oo Lt? oor 6+ 9 96 gf 66 gf s6 Ls 6g oS 6 +S gg as €g 6+ £6 Ly? 06 «Sh 06) «th c6 ott c6 oth S c6 Sb $6 Ob 96 Sh sé Oh g6 Sh 06 «Sb 26 Sb go Lb c6 oth 96 Sh 6g oath 06 at + z6 gS #6 E99 96 Lt c6 of £6 6+ +60 gh 6g Sr 06) «6th $6 gt go Lt $6 Lb 96 St € 96 Sh 06) «FF zo Sh 06 Sb 16 goth z6 Lt 06 «OL + 6g oF 06 gt Lg 6+ Sg oF Lg 6+ S €g gt zg oS og €s Sg gs HL, S55 €L gS oL 6+ GE. 1S €g or 6g of 6g oS £6 of I ocd ww |-ord cma [ocd wu {so-d cw |-o-d cwur | -ocd cww fod sww [ocd cwur [ocd curm j-o'd cum [ocd cum [od swur PI — a8 49 qh ue HOOK apt 48 49 qh We seq "mM OF 88 = 7 'N OF 9L = d ‘profjaseesy : ‘Amf “TO6T (2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 156 ‘piofjasees) ay} ul spaemMynos Suryiom AEM Jopun saquie}dag ygS ay} 07 JsNSny yyEr oy} WoT , 1:06 Leb |z06 bab |6gg o€-F logg tbh |Log br |glg obb Jogg ger |P6g Exh |e16 QE |s06 gab |E16 If |r'16 gab | ueoW 96 Se | L6 gs | $6 ge | € ge | ce ge | 6 6a] 16 ge | gg Le | gg Ee | SQ ce | ig re | Sg re 1€ 6g be | 6g Se | 68 Se | og te | tg Fe | eg Fe | 06 Ss | 16 Se | Lg Ge | tg Le | 6g of | 6 TE of oor €€ | L6 FE | 16 of 2g SE] gag of | t6 LE | 06 SE | oor Of | 66 FE | 6 EF | 16 SE | F6 LE 6c 96 gt $6 GE Ig g& | 6g at 96 gt | Sg rh | 06 Fh Sg oF | Sg rh | 06 ah | 96 OF | 96 SH ge 46 Lt | 96 gh | oor OF | tg Sh | ag Lhe | gL oF | 1g oF | Sg Lb | gg oF | sg or | 96 SS | £6 LY Le 16 OF Lge gt €6 OF 16 6h og «6 €6 gf to at 19 Ib el +h 99 OF 6s LE zq OLE 9c so gt sg oat Lg mb | €6 of Sg th Lg abr | €g oF | gg gE | 06 ges z6 gf | c6 LE | 0 ge Se og ge | fg GE | gL GE | EL LE |] LL GE | eg ob | Eg ge | Fg OE | g6 gr | g6 Sh | 16 Ih | BH BE be 06 ar $6 Sb 96 ah le wr 06 «gf £6 $6 L6 GE oor Sh L6 gt s6 Le 26 tPF 96 th bi4 L6 =F go ot 66 Ib oor gh 66 Ls L6 OLE 96) Stk 06 ah €6 at 96 oF g6 ah 6 EF oS 96) Sh +6 Eh 6g ath t6 Sh 6 oh 96 Sr b6 Sh 96 «~&F 6g oF g6 ath z6 oh c60 oh Is z6 mb | 06 oF | 06 Hr | LL rh | LL of | LL wb | gh rb | LE ob | sg rb | og oF | Sg ah | 6g Fh oe Sg ah Lge Pr gl orb gl at SCL et 06) oth og Sh tg G+ 06 «Oth 16 Lt 6g Lt Lg Lt 61 oor of 86 gt 86 gh 66 Lb +6 oth 06 «Lt 16 gh 16 gh c6 gh $6 Lb $6 Lb 96 gh gt Lg Lt Lg Lt 6L Sh 6L tt tg OL: oL ath gl Lb Lg Lt go OF Lg 6F eg Ob Eg aes Lr So oF im Le gS Of Lo of eS 6s to Sb 06 «6's 6g gé gg (es co re 66 oF 16 gh QI ro €6 af Lg ot 16 gt tg ot bg «ms eg t+ 26 bh 26 ot c6 OE $6 OE 06 «66S Sr Gh.) sah 06) bh zg goth CL Fr io off 6L Sh 6 «=&h 96 gf 96 Gt 96 «66 g6 ge g6 € € $1 g6 of | g6 LE | g6 sé | g6 or | 96 Le | 9 abr | t6 SE | cz SE | 06 ge | 06 gE | 06 LE | og VE .e1 z6 ge | og LE | 96 Hr | 96 OF | 96 Hh | 96 HH | C6 tr | 6 EF | 96 HH | Q6 Qr | g6 Le g6 Lt er oG it go LY oor gt v6 gt 96 gt 16 gh go gt 96 OF 6 af 96 «61'S oor 6+ oor oS II 6g OF €6 of £6 of go as sg gt gg Oth Lg gt Lg bt Sg tr Lg &+ Lg & Lg &F or go Sh 16 Lb Lg 6+ Lg «ms 96 FS t6 aS | 96 1s +6 ot 96 Sb | 96 ib | £6 OF L6 oF 6 go fb go ob 66 E+ 66 Sh cor oS €g OF zg «Or oL oF LL or cg oath LL oF ch OE 8 ap FP we 6S'F Lg 6+ 6g OF gq °S 6g as +6 gtk 96 OF oor 6+ oor 6'+ g6 gt 96 OF L 16 gh tg €2b zg +h Lg oF Lg Lt 16 gh go gt go LE g6 gt v6 I'h 06 «th oor Fh 9 96 Fh 96 Fh c6 ah 96 g't $6 os +6 6 g6 oS $6 6b go oF oor o$ 6 «gh 96 of s 6 «6 go ore 96 of 16 os £6 of €6 aS oor +S oor aS oor +S 7 a oe €6 = c6 OL b 06 «ES €6 2s gg oes Lg 1s gg os €6 €S eg oa c6 FS $6 oS go Ss oor €¢ oor gS € Se 2 6g OF 6g OF €6 1S 6g os Lg oF Lg oF Eg OF eo 6P fg oS £9 of og gt z og gt Sg gt 9g gt 9g gt fg gb 6g gt 16 gt 16 gh 6g gt £6 oF £6 Lb €6 gh I ocd curur |-ocd cum |-o-d smu j-ocd cum | -o-d wut jod cwm fod cw |cocd cww | ocd cw | -o'd cum | ocd cm jodi PIN yor 48 uo aP ye wooN yor us 49 ub ar eq “M OF (88 = 7 'N OF of = b yyeI OF qs1 ‘puoljosvesy ‘ysnbny “TO6I 157 HUMIDITY. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] “49qQwW19}dag ‘TO6T 616 ore |h16 cis j616 Lye |L06 6re \LLg 6rz |SLg Ese jegg ies logg tis |g6g sie |L:06 o's 616 Sie |€06 ore | ued 96 «SL LO GI L601 96 SI S6 91 96 QI 66 GI 66 FI oor 1 oor tI 66 Sr $6 €r of 66 «PT L6 FT 96 G1 £6 Ft og Sr tg ay ig © tg al Ig al 06 «ST bg 22 o6 «68'T 62 oo Er eg ©2 16 I'l £6 oF c6 «6'0 €6 oO: c6 6oO 16 60 66 rT 16° OF 16 go 26 Lo gz 6g go 16 go 06) «go 16 go +6 «go $6 oF £6 oF v6 ol 6g ai S6 Fr €6 gl 6 Lr Le L6 gtr £6 gi €6 61 L6 OL g6 61 66 o@ £6 2 ool oO Ool 1% L6 GT 96 gi 96 gil 9% 6 Lr 66 gl 66 oF 06) «FI 6g &1 gg SI eg oft 26 4 £6 i 96 «FI 66 SI co £1 Se 16 FT 06 «SI 06) «Ql 6g GI 16 FL 8g Of Sg Tt gg ob £6 G4 06) «EI Lg FT 6g CI te 16 Sr £6 1 e6 Sr L6G zo 4ST 6 ir 16 Ql 16 Gr co or £6 WE to Es 16 BL Se 1 6Bt 6 ES 66 x2 eT 6 ft eG Pt i 66 G1 va Et £6 Sr 66 fr 96 1 BE £6 PE 7 «(2 eG (bt 16 Ft $6 Lt im Ly Ig Q'l eg I Lg Gr 06) «FI 9g OI te tt IS 6. MN | & MM! S ANN | & N |? N]|& aN] & N|2® 3N |? ON | 6 GN | & GN | OT ANA te Loana 'S ana! 46 aN | 9 AN | 2° GAN | CO N]° N |= MN | 9 M | © ANN |; ? MANN © 7 ANN fe > ANN | * ANN | ? N |? xn/|e aon! & man] +t mn | & MANN | 9 ANN | % MANN | 9 MN, F MN ee + MN | & MN | ? ANN | © ANN | ? N |? N | 9 N | & N | 9 N | 9 Ne 9 N,§ N le $ N | e cor ¢ q ¢ IN e aN S AN ° cl ° B N ° M,° N ,0o forad ° | ° fo) ° Ss z¢ MS , ° S ° q € Iq G ol z | z I 61 mei oats She aia as ee = oF d, = ms : aPENL | or 48 | 49 a? ue wee | aot | 48 | 49 | u? ae ang “My LS hh =v NOP 86 = 4 “HENS ary ‘roquiajd9g “S681 12 178 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM é foe} HOH OOHACMMAHOOOHOMAMTO TE MMO +MO H/C 3 = t3) 3 awe Zz gy BEE» Zz ZZ ZAZZzZ FZ woe PED eee es zm mz Eo OMHOOHAFTIVOOMMOOHHT+HHHMT+TAON00/R % ea] 2 x f2) HEN 3 ZZWZ ZLAZZZ Sagat Pare eezazza fh foe) ANA oO +M++O MH AH ™O OH +O+EFINKMNNMO000/M a Ce) hk) ica 3) S wee Zz 2 ay ZAZwWZsZZezzZZeZaneaZzZzzZeZnZZZean ro FDATFCOMOMMNVAHM|ADOMOFMFOO MAMA MA MO a ie) m 2 w Bay 7 fe) ZZZZnZ zzzmezngn BA2ZeznEEaaaazetane = OMACOMDAMNMNOHMMNOTOHOHMOAHMAMAA TA +0 a 3 . s f2) aa Sw Es ZEZZZZZLZZMEZOA ZAZZAZZZZZALAZZzZOZ S = an oONMAMOTATAMATCOMHMHAOTAAATO NOMEN ATA WM + 2 ~ a 2 2 l| a YY & Hi & 2 3 Z3 f=) ZZZY ZZZZZAAZ BnZ zAZAZEZZAAZZAZZAZOZ wR o Sz a HtFOOMMHTFH+TNODODMADCHOOAMOATNMAN+OMOM A 6% 2 a) e BH we 2 io fl .% ZZ ZEZZAZLZAZ zmbzzk zzzeeeeezzan Z loa) a. = eo ll AAAHAAAMAMNMNODOCHODODODOHMNATMNYHTONMNMNMNAMO AA By s ; f 2) Soy py 34 3 So wy Be ZZNZZZZ2ZZ0 2022 Zzzazezzznzzazne Pa a o TAOONTMOMNONADAMADMOMNNNHMYM+MO+OQAIA (5) xz a ff w wes Be wZeneu 33 wy gy) SZ RE EZZZZZZZnZZZZZZZZE2E2Z22ZNe \o Norndowrerernnmnod™®m oNnoONAMNMAMN+TINAMOH ALA Z j=} Oo} wa 8 O om 2 Ba 8 BB wy 2 BzznzZnzzzZzz2e222n 4 Z2zzzezzeeazzaa 2H Se MHAMOORFHDAADHMHNOOOMNNAANO+TA+MOMIOO!A aq = (2) 3) f) OY @ Zaawe 22 wg BS BBapy 222% 22zzZn wae Snzzzezzeceeezaw c Xo} HHMOMANHDF+MNAANOMODMDHATAINAMNNHNMTHOOAILA a a 2 ea) fa Bs 8 oy BB wea FBe Bruen eeee Pe, F » PSPS eee eee a bay HAMTMOFOHROHAMENO FO AOHAMTND KO AON! F Q BP Ln ee PR oops ara nn enon ener ey eee 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND. 179 eo oonaooo + OoN+F+ODOOONDDODOHDINDHoOKrAoolH a Lal = 2 z a ea) ea) ZA nN Bo Ze, z BE Yoke on TOMOND+tTOOD+NDODOOMDOHODOO0O+0MNOrANO a os A H ° Sz 4 WH g g B 2b) 3 gean w ZZZ ZAR Bez mn BE Bea ZZ OV OOP ONO OH O98 O-0'19.0. 8 40 8:00) 0 OHNO +O AO 6] a co ca gs 3 a aba mn ZZ nN ZZ Bz, Zz Bez ZZ oh foe) WmoomMmootroOMNMoo0000M20NONNO+MO O/H 2 z oi es 2 = e Ze (3) WM Zw fa % ZH & ZZ azabeez ZA BZnan ZZ ‘Oo Hee tetas wer eaaed oer yer pe a argue a, a fl a + 4 Z : % 2 8s a) zl = Zak hu Be we Banzzn Futian Bz, a. = be AoocoFOMADOMODADAANDDO+AtTO0MMOO|H x a ) i a) gee Zz . zee 2 -weheen Zona boa eee 2 3 Es MODODOOHONMNOMOWODD00000000NNNrTOMWMO OJH 3% 8 oO + HZ Zz (5) t23 3) BS pt aa eeesea Aza Zne bl ZAznZZnae o : Te 3 l| AtTOONHONAMOHOMO00NNODNDONDAOMDOMD O|H = OS a (y ; 5 gazes BB a ges a zm zazmnzZeZe Baz ae Zn ZnEZ a & o 15) 630" O64 ONO) Seis Oo SE 10! Os O70) 10: YOO) COO! 0! EON EO: O Oly at uy we a ty Z apenene) n mee wy zen nzbemeeze non WB BZBeenee o © 1 0) OO) 9 Ot ODIO. G50, 0) Oo Oia 10) NO) Ol <0: 4 SU: © :OH | es a a r ZF te 2 eyancs t4 ZEA ZZ a Be ee cy OF 6910. 0.0 'DVOOEO 1D: 'O OOO. OOP OR Oa c8ne ESO! OF a a z + Ze be s asian Bae Beam Be Bz, ZZANDZOZZ SSS fae) oonmooormonomn0000000NoM +INO DO O/d a 3 = a Sow eS ge fH w hh =a, HAZLZAZLZGZZA ZA2N4ZN ZA wn gq e Hane mo ra MEER PSOE RRO SAH T HR SS TSE 180 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM 1898. December. = 74°57' W. A yg = 78° 46' N. Rice Strait. Midt. cooOoONDnoOOOOMoONNNONAMOMAANANOOTMOA +0 Sz w 3 zz z a) ZAW a H jh HG COHOMIODDDAMNMNMAMAIDMAAMIOH TO NM OoONH fy ZAZ ZAZAZAAA gh oommM+H+OONOONT+TOMIONONNMIMNATODMNMNNMNMTA OO fx] &) <3 &) fk) ) ZZZAW Bo » Boil BBuabuzzzzzeee 6h ooonamooo0og0onmnonor+r+OoOrNnoOrFOoOOoONnMNnNnadond = ea} fy fo) w 2 FS py ZZ, 72 ZZ ZE o neZeene Ze ~ Hw 1.8| 4h oonononoonmoo0ortmnoaooorOonanMnoataow wn ty : {2 i Z bl fy i & Be ZAZA 42 2 ZAZAA AAWA Z Z2ZWAZAZZA AG oh ecoonooOMmMoaoOrTMoOnMMmMNNNADaADOANnDOHAMNADMAMOtTSY 1.8 2.0} Noon oo0o00oOOoONDAAOHOAMANMHOOAOMAMOO NAD +OA + NE tx) i) fe) s 6) (2) ZAZA Z % ZZAZZN ZN ZZAZA BZ 1.8 toh ooanrmonoaooonroonmnnoaooaoonnmMmonrtrawe tone = are eEae 3 RZZZ0 ZAZA ZLZzZZzZw gh oonannnorooomMmonnmMnnnrnodooanamonrnrrt+ort+OoO dra zs FS YY Y Z ZAZA AGA AZ NWAZAN Zz 6h o00OHTGCOOONNDOMONMNATHTOOm™MOMAOr-+AMA ae = 8 = Bese aa ape ZAZA 42NZAZ NAZZAZNA gE Zz ZZZ48 gh COODHDODODOO+TNOAMMOONAOMNMOMNEFOOFHMHS|A = 2) 3 a i ea Z fa ue = be BEE. BP BF uo wees oh 2.2| r.7| 1.7] Day Mean 1898—1902. No. 4. WIND. 181 Ke) . ANMNMONAOFTMOMAMHTAACAOAMNM+OMHeH+HTOMO MMO! A 3 3 ge. Sas a a Qe NZNEZRZEEZAZAZZWAZZ ZZZZ ZAZMW ZZ2ZzZz ; eS AMO DAOOHMASTMNHTF+OONNMOATDHMOOMO MO mA a ° 3 23 ) 2) fe) 1) gy B NZD 2nZZzzZzanz B2ABZZZZA ZZZZz 19 PEO EO) 000, UAE Erich ee 6 OOO SECO OUIRN “SB SP INO: WO. 60) WO: xh] 0 ® = &) (<3) fy) ie) NAnn pevetys Sup eueeeeuur ease = a OMNMODONAMOAMHTOOFTAH+ATAOMMNAMOOMOMEAlLA 3 &) fy) &) &] <3} ea} ZZ ZWLZZLZH WZNZZALZAR NZWAZaeZe + MANDOHOATHTMOIDOMNMNHTAOMOAMNMNDOAMIOONATMNMNNM A a . fy g) t2) fe) 2) £2) fod f2) 2 ZAZ nN HAWSZ ZZWMAZRAZLZA Ze ZAALZA a = ae +~MMONKTOAAAMNMNNMNTAMTATMETNYMNOODOrM+A!MN a | i a Sy 3) a WH wy & -& : 227, B ZWAAAZZZAZZAZNAZZAZZZZN Zee ae 3 Sz e TOMAADMDATMOAMMMHAFT+ONTMH+AH MNO +O + t=] % Yo 8 ed z Qe H (2) te) gy 2 wee % SnZZN ZaAzMAzZZzZMZNMAZzZnZZnZ4ZZ2247 8 a z 2 ll MANMHOANHOMANMNANTNMNAHOMATOH NANA AA es ' - mS Boo fy f=) £2) fy (2) 4 ZwAZZ ZA ZAZZAZAZWAZLZAZZZA SZAZZAZz & bir: a qomnraorNn+toOHFO+MNEMOTORNO TA AMMO A A + (3) mE EWE) bl Hh zReen ZH BZ ZZZZWEZAZZZZ AeZZzZzn oO NMtMNONOOM™MHEMANMOIAOMOMNATNIDGDADCDMNNNMO)N a 2 s : s s cs 2 3 be) fe Gey tl aoe Az ZznZZZ2Z22 % 222% © «Zazezzz, 0 NMAHONMNOAAMOMAOMMNANM+TAAMOIANAMIODTNMNWA aq = Sa a 2 3 py a f=) = 3 zane wn Bam 222222827 2n2bzeezZaaz oncoooOOMAMOMO+TONONANIOMIOAAMTO +IN+-/ 4 a &) . 2 fx] S (2) Zz S [2 az BARZAZLZZZZ ZLZZZAZZAWAZLZAZAZ i=} Z|] mo rPerr rs ns ores ee Qe ager eg 8 Pals — 182 H. MOHN,. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM toy MtTMASTAAHE++MOOHOCNOCONDOOONO O]H Midt. NW NNV E W Ww Ww z WAZAZAZNZAZLZZLA ZE ZA AZ ZZ 3.5 mMOMOMNHMNTAOM™MDOATMHODOMODNADGCIOMOIOTAAN tz] S es) ZA A Ree toh NW 2.2| mwmonrnranmmodoondrnoaoonrnongona0oMmaamMD gh NE 6 (ea) =e ee = YQ 24 SPEAZZAYD wn Zz AG L.7 rorIaMOdOOMmMMNATOONDIDODONDDODDONONAON SO 6h NW [ea] ar oe 2. = ZAZA AZZZZE ZA An Z Z # ea] Az E N 2.3| TOMO AMHMOMH+EONMODAODANDDODDODOHMHH re) @ o) ze QHAZAZNWAZLZA ZAZZAN An nnAwAw 4 h am++tTMONOMT+TO+TOOMOMNADHODIAOIDONAMNA! A H oh > Bais fd > = Z2A440HA naw wn nuaAe NE le Z2Z20 E 2.6 maAtFrtOAMNMOOr-AMNMNANDIODAHIOADIOHO+AAO February. Noon Eg ow Zl 2 a ZAAZEAZZ mzezz wo WE % we 78° 46° N. A = 74°57' W. 1899. 2.4 mHMHAHAMNAMOOEr-MNNDBDO00FOHOOONDOOYTNO H Pp rob 2 a DAZZ nZZZ G8An FA nn BAY Rice Strait. 2.8 gh E 2.3 6b ees AA A2BBALH NE NE N faa} ZLALZAZ = N TtTATMNMMN+AAGCOMOOHAADOANADCOAANAAAAMO!A h V =z q 6 Zz a td ZZZZLZZAZZZLAZAZALZ ZA Zz BaEBnZ 1.9 mmr raMaoott+MOOMNmMontroOd00n00OMNO ath a £ ZZZZZAZNA ZAZ Ze Bz iQ ZZ, HAM+TNO ODA Day Io Mean 1898—1902. No. 4] WIND. 183 aq 3 N"oOOoOM+MNNDDO+TONDOOOONO+TH+NOH+TAKRAANAON A 3 . 2 a ze & Bw ZA AZA4ZAZG Az HAA zens ALZZZLA z) FYUTODOAONNNDOHODODO+TO0O000MMDOO0O+D00MOAA 3 m B « i] ey] a ZZ 2 Z &4 ol Z2ws Z2H4Z 2 Zz ZAAAZn 4ZZA2GA wz a MHFTOOMEAMOMANTNOCDOO+FKFO+FrO0RAMOAN +H 4 aE ze wg a er ee ff eee Oe fe WHAZZAAAZAAZ ZZZAZ SHZAZZAAZ NDZAnNZAMZ oO OMOrFOO+TMOODMMDAMHOMDOMMH+OONMNODOMAAHIA =} [re) > [eal mW Qa Bey Z2 Zao (x MH A nZ4Z4AnZ4Z4nNZA40Z4Z40Z nNZGZ ZWnad w ONADMAONOHMNOOHETOFTODOOMNALFOHMNODO0ANQN AIG * 2 Z ae z Sa 2 2a Z aAAZAZan Zhinw ZZZAZ DARE wane _ = o% C+FTMNMEMMNMNMNNMNOOFHOHOMOANETOMNNMO0AN A oe sues a) Siginae F a rs] _ Rameaeesan Zee fh Zaaaze Bazan wz 4 = ere e OCMOFMNOOFMHAOHTMHOOTMN+MTONAM HH + +a 0] a = Q 5) e + {| S Ca a ae aa £ F a oF o % ZHAZZAZAMAUA ZZ Ew ZOE we, RAZZ NAY a ~ ed | o aa Or+tTTFAMNAMIOIOONADIOIOMYEN+NHOMOHMMO]A & a ~ ° ie} ea] jaa ; = | Beas oo wze @ & Bat we a ZAZNZAZ4ZYAZnN A4ZA NANADAZAZn AZZAM ty a o o HINtTMNH AO MMODOHMNMONAMNH MNEOOrOWOMNM+ATHAIA 2 : a | ea Zz 3 @ Ee Bis : Boz Gaze So geese nAZndZzan znakae ite) . MNHOFFMNDODMOIOOMMIOIDIOtTMNYENADOMOVWOO +Aa\A r S 3 (x tx] 5 Zz Zo) tx] ZZAZ ZAAAZ4GA ZAM WM ZAZAZAZAZYZAZ 2 AZ MO MDOKMAATCOOOMOOOMOMYMOOOOMO +A a eames] e 2a we Bb EF . 222 ZZ EZZZZZe a Az A ree 7 Z 6 eau AO Ia IDO oO HOW OO OOO 8 MMA wae MN ole a q S a is tx] fea] (= Sm Sq 24 Zi Ze ZZLZZLZA az 2 A2n2azZaBzzzZzz g 2 HR OT OO CONCERT PR ERS RAR R TTS ARIS aE 184 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM OMNMMONMNNDADADODOOMMOIOTHTYTAANATOTMOMNNE ASA % 12 3 ene 2 A oO Boy ZZ my, ZZ ZLZZLZnZAZAZLAZLOAA 7 +tOONANTDODCOOHDOONOMMNNO+TNMIOONTAY A a ° i 5 E ca ea} as zm 2 2BEm e Bonz zzz azBee Ov MrOOHAOOHODOOONA+TEFATNNHODA+NOM+MO +/ 0 4 ms Gis a3 <— ay, ZZ 2424 odnkwwag AHEESEHnNAZARZZ 2ZZZAZAZAAZA To} OFTMODTTDDODDO000MMOMHHTO+TAMHNIODOHYTHOAal\G < 3) 2) eh goer 2 £ aA maZe 2445 YQ nNOWDAAZAZAZA Z2Z4Z4Z4A i = AMNMNAODADDDOMHOAONDMOAOMAHNMNIOTOO NO A ce = g © q Z2ZAZ ZER HQ 8 © YZAZAWZ AAAZaAZ . A Mrt+tTOOAtHIDAODODADANAIDADNO MNO DNN+MNADOHANH+O cl z=] Qa ea] ty es] ea] ! ae eee Bay a Bewue Pause oes “ = Ire} ee = MW+FMOFTANDODDHAMIONDAONMNNOr-NNMNH+NMNNMO O a ft % 8 a ~o |] 4 sion ase = z a 2a Qa 2 D % ZAA AA eS a a NHMAZAZHAAZWAAZA 4 ce @ + = ll MNTFTONDADMIAIAMNADIADIOMMNMOMNYTMNAYTAATTOH a ays i =z , i a rae aq) How 24 a # 24H A AAwe SZAZSARAAaZSeee A H © o oo~onnrnoH OoONnAaAAMoODADMNIOIAMIOAAMNDATODIDOMNMO]YA 1a) 2 S a ia aa} m 2 = = z 2) Z td «A SZ, ZAZAMeAzSonannw Q HALZAAZAZAZ ZZ eo MN+TOMNODAODDOMNDADDDODAOMOMMNNA TOU NA Ala” a Ss Ny ihe 5) QAZB a eae ZAZ4Z4A Ada ZALZLAZA ZANA M+t+MOFTONDOAODOHAHOODOAMHTMOMIODOIDADTEOA MVNA a s E or A es ps a aAamZ es Bole. i WAN AZAZZZAZZ ZAZA ZAZA ot TOFTTTODOODODOANDMNODDOONHEREOH+AIAHMNADONACO!A a 1) = (x) s nA Di 3) Zo A Aaa faa} FZZ4Z4Z4Z A2An4 WA4nd ay HANt+TMORDACHAMH+NORDADOHAMHNO FO HO!| (ca PP TA EY PISS SEY SSE AE Ee Sia So 1898 —1902. No. 4.] WIND. 185 3.0 ‘ OMAONAOMYMN+MOHMArKEADIAODO+tTONMOND00NOO Midt. mes gq Be i wi 2S ZA n ZALZAZZ Che awe Zz, ae Zz 3.0| OFAOMONYEMNAYTMNHDAODAMAMOODMOM+TOONOMNN toh 3-3] gh 4 5 oO fe} 4 7 2 5 5 [ 3 3 6 4 7 T 3 2 4 oO 4 4 4 3 4 oO fe} oO 4 3 3-4 6h ; comes : | 424A anam A 4a24R a Ze 3.6 i | ‘| Gees Op ere Tee O gor reat ) | 2 sae W BES 2 | Bae znzzeazmnnon ae eee awe WAAA A 3-5] omronartnrOoaramMnanaoaomMmodctmonom+annr+ronododa A 74° 57' W. i= wn nane e4A4ueaZzn i= NE E E N S E N E N E S 3.8 SE MLOEOL ee CDE SE MIO 4: AO MLO) “EME “OOF 1 10) ME) OP ARNE SE CLO EDEN [ea] (x) Q t] Os a a4 Wy =z > vA 4Z0084ne8e 494 nowt ws ZA caAZeeoeoad May. 78° 46' N. Noon 1899, 3.8 MHMHMNOMNE+T+M AMO OAMNMNMAMN+TMMONMN tal ¥. toh ioe) B ae ase a zzeam Bazand nen AAZAZAUAZOMIAZS GOED)? <0! S09: 0. xb 16 “COND! COND EOE 300-9 a z A Zz, za 8 Ane WAZAZAAAZAZRDAZAAN Rice Strait. gh ENE NW 3 SSW 16 2. wongnoo0nomrmao0mHrortrOONTAnNaomMmotrtNmMoaA Oo 6b x] 5 wy ZZ ZZZAa a MTOCHAMEOTMO MDM NO +FOOOAO MO +O +O Mo = (ea) eS = aa (es BZ BFE w» my oF Ba wa ZG ZAaGee GA A2unnns Z BA4neZea G tMNHODOMNAFTOIOMDAATHTHIADMIOMIOMNADHO OD! A Ze zs) Sz ox) (2) AZZ, ZAZZ Coes Woe ZZ of ah | HAM +tINO OO ao 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 a wy Day 30 31 Mean 186 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM hs Rd ce} 3 13 13 OATtTMOMAACADOCAOMMDIOATNIONAOMtO OO H BEE ee Boe es E Znnn ZZnnnnn nnee Midt. N N 455 OMAANANDAXTNMNAVDIMAOO SD oe 5 =] = Acer een eee BZ toh SSW 10 SW NW 6 +tMOO MD NDAD mint ono M+t+O0 0/7 2a ZmaAnnnnnnn BZ n 4:3 OMMNADTAOODMIODDOMAMO rH TEHMNMNDOO MMI O H H H H Sie = Z ae ZA.) pines ae 5B AZ2Znnnnnnnbean wn 6h 47 Ore HD HFTMAOMATNIODO MOH MND) omoo ama oO H SZ 4 = zs 5 BEA yn (cal ace) ek eaee ee yee ZZNNNNNNNNNAZANGAN qh 4.2| 6308 2 OO!) rorronNnrtrtTOM~MmMAnaNoOrOoOrNt+M000 w ' ae 3 ee a: Feneee e. ia z NAZZAZZNNG BAN nnnnnnnwneZa En 74° 57' W. oh A 5.0 ONMNAONTOMMNNHMOOE™NNNADOtTNAAMOMrtONO Hw eS A e = S ea] AZZAZANNNNNNANA Z Noon Ww E 2 4-7 r+ MOOD MNMNNWA = AotrtNTrOODdOONIOMNNM 1899, June. yg = 78° 46' N. E S N N N N Ww Ss N toh w) (x) ica] ina] pee ee eS hanna ae ZZ 4.3 O9OFTOONMNDADHANMNHTTFTOMNNABDOMTAM +O T+ TO O H H Rice Strait. BEE 3 Be : oor ZH ZZ DDAAPZAZZOnNNNNUAZDZEZ gh Ww NW 4-7 mmMonnroowrnnMnaowroreranatrortrtnNna H HH H 6h oe Sm & es] me my ZAG area See ZZZe 4-7 CONMNTOADHAADIOMNIOIOMHTAAAATHONMNTO THO cal HoH > bea o BE Z a Ea n an Zz ZZNnnnnnnnag Z 4-9] COOMAHTMONATOMIOOWYTHTOOMDNDHTErDOH +O DO H HH AH H * > [ea] BBE 2b : A 2Znn G ZZnnnnnanane ob HAMTNO OO AO agqaagaaaaaaa Day HAMNSTNOTm-ONIOH AMANO -DO AO HH RRR HR eH HW Mean 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND. 187 I , AMOCDDHHAMMMOMEHOOMM +Oa +a/N E=] Hn Lon I on J Lal = 2 eS eee ep BE a zn Sere, F ene YN YNNNANNNNANA NHNEAZWAZ Bs TO MADAACIOATNEADOOROO00 AMA! =] al HoH ° x = iste Bais = eee ew n. ANnNNNNNNH NnNEnDH ZA Wad TA AOWM AD OOH OMAN WAMaADoo0N0 +H 4 ae es 25 ® | BE B Bree 5h & a n ANNNANEZNNANDDNAZZHAS BE “ OD FO FOOD OR +NHMDOFTOEOHOHOON Lad H Lal H Lal a ‘0 a & SEEE ER & NNNNNN NNNHNH ZnnH WH Co) DOr-ONONMNOrMNMIOOMAMOOGNDOANO W/W al La] H HHH al es i; = 2 z aoa 5 as BS ne NEFYNNNN NNHNH NAZZNHNNHN HZ ~~ nos Lz) it °, +FTOD TO AOMOOMOMANADHOAMM + |e z a > ll Ee = 3 EE nas 3 NANNH nN HH DZZnDHN BABA ae ; 00 3s 2 MNNDBCODHOOMOMAAMMONOOOANN HH HH A fom: i=] . > 3 ie = Pa aee Ze en SH S n Q % ZHAN nnnn AHDEREZRAANAZAOY oO tal a | a SEDO: ©: CULES: {OV O00) 21! ACR EO! EEO MA COr ONE: ©. OF IN: + 4 & F= } > -& Be a in = ea Bot. Get E an ‘a nn NON AUZE BEAZNAN AYN 5 D o Te) a 2 adooooAatMaDNOAG +O +MOO MO + ae ao n n n mZ nnnn ZAZNEAZGNH nn 4 O+FCOTMDOMOHTNOMO EH +HOMOO + 4 4 = > a3 One 2 = oa SEE eS an i NNNN NNNNNNANNH NH Z& ie] OFTOOTODHHM++EOOMOMO TAD NO O| + fo | A, S Ze 2 S eS 5 Lan T eS NNNNZNNMN NM NNHNEHNH A ina wm Gian 8 Oe GN A ees 8 eG ie oe 8 eu a BE Se | 52 2 5 BE BE B EEG. 2S DRnNNGDZNNNDNNDA ._DNEHRHNAS > Ne) ano g tr Ha aq HAO TOO TO OLGA PAPAS PR SAT alg 188 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM + woo00r000 o}|n 3 x = ica] Z es a Stina else monoo00000/0 4 iz) 2 H [cal Ww Ze 19 +00000000/06 * a 2 fea a 3 Ee +tocoNnoooo|sG ir fQ az n c moHo00000;6 a = s 4 wW x 5 - cos oonda0000 0/0 © Fx} "ai ea} I Zz tt A 2 2 9 4 3 onoamo0o0o0|o S ~o 3 Oa 3 = ° Zz (x) = 3 a oO secs, o il oO ite omo000000j0 & A ¢ J ical 5 173) = _ g a 5 oHOOCO0000|H ist H q a foe} Zz be o@90000000]H ar aa} Z 2 09000000 0)/H a : [ea (x) A Zz + oowo000r000|H 4 ea} fea) a a ey ormio re agnl|d fal BY EUS SS) SN IGT 1898 —1902. No. 4.] WIND. 189 re) . oO NAOH DNDOFCOOO+OONDOD000NDOO0OO00\6 as pe) ) 42H wn a 77) a x) © CXOHODDTD0X0OFOO0++O000000000000000\0 % Q By = a Aun ©OoMOO0MF7O000D000NDODO000NDOOOO00000\O a < o a a n Wn Zz + CL7OOTCODD00OMONHD000000000000000/0 © ms 4 a gq Ww n nn wn wn oO conooro00000Nt+¥+¥O00000000000000/0 4 . Oow z Zz ZB nnn -F n S oO io aotoonvo00000NFTMANDOVDID0000000000\0 oO ee 2 I Zz z auae Lk ZA A A NnnA o a. % Ez ooOMNFLoLODOD0R0D0NDDDD00D000NDDO0000\GC > + =] oe 8 Zo Zz Be iy fx é ‘O An wn Hunk w 3 z o COLOK0ONDOVDDDO0MDD000D000000000000\6 a & a S a2 n z 2 & re) iS CODTDO0HMODODD000O2MD00D0D000000000'10 nd i! a0} gq [ea io a ea [ea] Au) vn a oomo0mNrngon00gNMMOM00000009000000/H re) : eS oy Preah ae (ea) An nn w Oo mom omt000000+0000000000000000)/6 s + es ‘ as ez ee an ry 000 00000000 000089000000000000/6 al a i = nn wn wn PB oxam+mo re aold | Sass H A Se Ee a ae Oa a SE 190 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM 4 ©COCOOO00000000000000000000MM2000/90 os = 5 a n za] ea] A 7) n nn Se ©P7TOD0D00000000000000000rD0NAMINOO/SO a c fea] n 77) ne cy COOCOF7DDD0D00DD00000000000N00HDO000/O oe [ea] [ea] ea] Q a Zz n yn A Wn n CoOCOCODO0000O0MZD00NDOO000+00000000/0 z-) ss ia [ea [ea] wn 19) 177) oO COCDTDOD0000O0MD0O0+000000+FONMNOOHAOO!S a + [ea : on x 2 fx] 79) Z2aw wn 5 Oe ecoCOCDDODNDL0OOMNDOF+O00000rO0+000000/56 eo a 2 ll =) a Ho ow tz] ios | n awn 77) An yn vo a ra) E 4 es ©CFF7OOONDOCOONDOO+O00000MOMD00000/C 2 “oa } As || 2 = ° 2] 2] 2) es 73) eal 77) Aun 5 I = Oa! ©CCOCOOF7ONDOO0FTODO00D00OMOMNMMOMO000!6 = A . ° = a fo) as) (x) Own 5 n ZA nnn w = — 2 a 5 ©COOCOFTOO0D00000MRDDND0ODO0000O0rN+00N00/O He | Boo 4 Znnn fea) co ©CCODDOMODDDOD00000000000MDO0MNI00/6 ir Q 3 f wn ne oo oo0000NDT0OFOrO000000000NDOMD000/6 + ee) zs [ea) aa) 7) wy 0 ©CFCOCOOMDD0DDDD0000D000000HDOOMH000I6 a “ [eal ea] 73) Au wn tal Sg & HA MEMO FDO ANOHAMTNOFOHDOHAMTMNO FO RHAH\G Qa eee ie see Ce ee ee aca kere 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND. 191 Hw P ©9279790R00DX0D00000000000000000000M0I|G zg x ce z oO o0900000000000000000000000000KN00)8 a ro) : a ie n 7) 7) oO CF79OABFTD00000000000000000000004r00/5 a C-) 1 a ©COTODTD0D00000000000000000000N0 00/5 a iro) wn CODDDDO000D000OD00000000000000000j0 a + fa 3 79) 2 tx 4 oe a, ©CODDDD000DD000O0000000000DN0000000/0 ool Fal l . ate ieee 3 2 00000000000000000000000000000N0/8 a 5 Ses ae Zz = 80 wn) oF 2 Il HW ® CO0TD7D0000000NDOOV0000000000N20NO/SO & | 4 ° fea) es] 7 A c Bel A n o [ea WY is) tay © 5 c0000027000000000000000002000000 0/90 & a a Co) es 00000000000000%70000000000000000/0 | fe) 2 ea oO 00000000000000000000000000000N0/8 a RE S n a) 0000000000000000000000000000000/0 4 S a (eal wy A 7) as > H NO ra AHS ZB HAM FMS KO MATT OT PARR SSAA TATA NA am ay 192 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM ie) CoAnANt+tTOOMNDOOONDOO0D0D0000D0000 MH 3 Lal Lead b= Ba we : fe) : i ZN nnn ea] Az ooNDToLON+MOD00D000000000000000NMH Mt a 2 ea) 7 2 eal Au nnn A COHOMDDTAMNDOXDOD0000000000000QNWIH H p= se Ce) a i aw nun AA eS ooOMoNToOHADOOOONGFD000000000r|)H % is ZI o> 4 a = = SA YH Aun 2] Az a 19 OMANDDOOUNROVZCVOD0DD0000000000000/H a y e 3 a a 4 Q Ww nun A i) ~ S o. OFTODMDOOMODDND00NDMDOD0O00000000NO!|H oo a = [ca II ’ ; nw 2G a @ wa nun Zo Za - OS). os io) 2 2 O+FOFTMOOMADLF0O0090000000M000000|H A eS = o ¢ eS S aa A H 2a a Loe YY WA A2unw a oa) ° oe © | i) a 2o7FMNT100M0000007000000000000 0|Hn mom a E a = fea] z J _~F feat ¢ 5 HAW 240 mn a Load aL io) 5 oo omMaNoOmrMO000n0000000000000)/H a = isa [ea] Aaa nH nw a n A r) ONOMOFTONONMNNODODD00DHDOO0000000000|H a ea] Ko} a. ol. 42a HE Aan ann we 19 oNoMABOMOMAFFOEMODFDOO000000%/a Ea ca + 5 fx) fo} zo Yq Zon ning Hs az bee ooO+MNFODMHTODODFOD0000000000/K “s t 0 ea eel we Z 4409 WnNwnw ea > g a HAMN+tTMOFDAOHAMTNOFDADHAMYTMNO rHO|d Qa SEE B CREE PES IO SA SERS SRY SNS 1898—1902. No. 4.] March, 1900. 76° 290' N. 4 = 84°4' W. Ff Havnefjord. WIND. 193 0 : COTFTONANDOOOD0D0OMOOMDO0000000FMOI|C 3 = ty a co n nn A A AG 9 COTM DFTD0ODO000D000+D0D0000000000¥MODI\G | iy [ea] z Zz Ze "6 ac9:eooO0D0DDDDDDOMNOD00000000004rO|6 % eal n na & iy ©CFCOCOOADO000OD00000ND0DND00000000KRNIO a 2 2 sl a AG ZZ e 00000000000090000+000000000AM6 a fea) w oo} , a Zz Aa AG AG o00+t000000000000+T0000000000N SO | n A aa Zz, re CODD ONDOLOODDDDONDOALODOOMDIOOONIH f=} Lal [e} ZG 4 wa ea) A 0000070000000000000000000000 0/6 a % AG A oO e000N00000000NDDDD000000H COKaAlH a oo) [ea] ica} Wo G Az EAA ZG yAco oO coontoo000cODoOoOrFOoOOoOO OOo OO NH a e De ea) ca] an a Az re cooonannv0000000DNODMADOOMIDOONMO]H 4 a isa} + A ea) 3) WA nwa 4 A (ea) Za COOMNHDOOD0000MDOHD0000000000F6 a a a {x} NAN a A a > M+FNMNOMmDAODOHAMAINO FM VO A FOO OE OR Rae aw aa am ay 13 194 ' HW, MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM ° eoo0o0o0o0oCoOoO+tMOFODOCOOOONDOOCOOOOO oO N]H 3 Lal = 20) ea} n nA wa Az cr ©CF7OCOODO00OArFOMMOD0D0000000000000QN|H eS) Lad fe) a [ea] fx ica [ea NAZnNA n A A “7 oo0000000NOZMMOF00000000000000N/4 a (Ce) [eal = aa} nea AZ w ©90000000+009M000000000000000%0 a4 25 Re ae ea A 444 wn & oo0o0o0o0o0o0O0O+7+r+tMOODODOODCQ0CNDDIDAODIDOCIAVOIDODO TO s Q oa fea) . + Zaz zs ny z NAZAA n fea} x ai on oo OO OO GC SOOO eoOMOoOnN oa oOo 0 OO OO OO 0 0 OO 2 a 2 rue Zo & ms 4 2 A Ss co na COCO 0DOOODODOOMNDADAOMMO000000000010 s g ato 8 ea} foal a) Zz 2n_ 2 Mw oo AWG nn o el of = o000000000NO0MH ONIBAIADAOMONDIADIDDIDAIDOOIO & || Fe a z a x 42 ao 2 a 5 A 44 w n A Loar Fs = Fs 9000000000049 00000000000000000)/6 oO a q a c mAwW <7 ooo00000000FTHHM0000000000000000/6 ray Ko} maw Z wm: oo90000000+00M09000009009NM20000 0}H =a ¥ a 2 2 nA WA n 2 9NDHFDDAPDDDAONHAVOIAOMODDADONDAODOMOOOOO!S 4 ‘ z= xX Se Is fQ Az ag G Aw n > HAM+TNO FDA HOH AMHENORDADOHAMHMNO KDA AD |g (em asa Sea er ee ld oe i 1898—1902. No. 4] WIND. 195 Sid . O9S9COHNODODOCDOMZOM+tTO00000000MMHH 3 = | wy 5 ie) fy i fas n NU) Hz = c= : ate) OSFFTHODAMODODFODOONND+MOD00000000MMOIH zo) mw <3] fx) 23) HD nw ea) nn WwW nn nn nae COOMOMAYTOODFDODOA+O+MOO000000NDOAAIH 2 mo aes] Bae HE s 3) n nnn Z2unun nn n HA rs COONAmMOADMADDHDOOMNOMrAMO+TOO000MHO a P=] 0 oa) i) ct fx) HH we wn fx) fx] ZZ, n 2 nw Anew iS NnZ ae . ec 9S9OFTMMNNMNDODAAOMIOODOMNANMAOMOD0MNDO00000 FINI a + fy ‘ aS HOw fy = Baz S nae B 3 (oa) nA _ sm a Ce oooonomto0000D0DOMNDOO+tOOMNDO0OAMO O|H - e a \ Spy Bw a 3 ee ZNAN nn z AO nn De gs on a 7 a NMOWOMOMODIDDCDDCDDDAOMO200+ODOOOONDOCDOOODOODOI|O ~ s a fe) <3] s fea} ae, |e Z op z a Z S 2 n a f n n A = lil = eooOOoOtNMN+MODOODOOOCOOOOOOMONOCNADAODDODOODOO/|O Sw w = ee aes. yw a z ZEEz, Nn nH WH z rt S 790 OoOMMonmnod0000000 +MOOH+TNAOMDOO000000 O/H oS =i4 aS fx] ZZ fx) fy Q wn ZA nw Hun w f cane 9 i moomongomooo0oo00000nc0 0 NMNt+ONDOCOOCOODO OC] Hw a I > | iy we 3) fy i n ZZ A n An Nn ia ; = x oo0oomoormooo0o00o0gooOmMmoonrt+OO OOO OO ON +H a 4! fl 2 i az fy n nwa 4 oO CODDFOrFMODDODD0O0OD+TINDMDOVDAOMDDOMOOOO!I}H ae A 4 s & & ea) ea | Z Ze NZ ne n fea) | 5 Ke} ONOH Bs Fe ee OR aa Gama aa a Oe i ii 196 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM ° | aoomon0o0000000OMmMONtHONDAGODDNON+IODO ASH 2 | = 3 ‘ssl 2) (2) 2) 2) | a oo nan & Zn o , < a | CcooONNLTOCOOOOOOO++HTMMMODON0RO+TNGAIOO OH + ee | 2 z Ee | wn coco eo nun ANAZZEwW Aw piece ; < | CcCooONnNNnNDOOOOOOOOO+TOrTMNADOMIO0 M000 O/H La . foe) z 3 ea) nun 2 Awe Z2uZz ea Per 19 COCOOM00NDDOONTMHOMOTONIOAMNMODOIOIDM H a ‘0 2 ff HNN fx) [2] a) fy wn Zz nnnn & S HY WW n ae HFOOMO00000DDDO+TAMMOMONANMNtT+TTTODIDIOIOMH a =m 3 y s 2) fy 5 og 2) = wn n nnnn A NnHnhnw Rw ~ ||-— a Se CO0OMO0000DOCONNOMH+HTONOMIOMNNMIDODOOIDOMH oe) a 2 a 4 , I (2) Hf a ie n AZ wwe n NAN Wun 3 e Bz oootroo0omMmodo0a0n0ag0o0rtrMNOMOMDODMNDODO0OD0D0!90 a S =—=™ « OV eo} a o ) S % A c a Z 8 o. n nn HW WM Zw foe} = Il COOCO0D0D00D00000000OMIOMIOENTtOMOOO/C a |e ° J n isa 6 Zw Zn Z oS aa a9 se © Q > mooooo0oo0o00000 0MO FOMOMANOO TO O00 OO] is = m } % 2) Dl tli wn Aw 2B wns fy oO ooo0omMmMoao0n0aoaoaOoOManntO0 +o 0M00000 0/0 < S Ke} n ye OU n n NAS wn z : a MODOOMADDD0D0000O0FO+TO000N0000NMDOIS fy <3) zm n Ye a n + mMeoooTFTA2DDD0DDODOODO+TOHDDDD0000000000/6 Al as y A nN AWM i) MA MTNO FO AOHAMHENO FH HDAOHAMHTNO KA DOE Q SS Ree eet OU ICY SUSE aL Sh 1898— 1902. No. 4.] WIND. 19 f [3] j ONDOHONDO+tTOOMNDOOrF+TNDDODO000000NMO!H 3 = f) f2) 3 S a] za) ty ea) Nn 7) ZZ nnn NA ES CUNONMNDO+FANODDODDOODDO0NDO0000RO0AKRMOIH _ g = fy ty a) (2) HA nN NNN ne wn A wn nn eS - a cs oono AT+t+FTOOMOTTMAMOHNDODDODIDOOMDOODI|N 2 zs ad (2) x) aa) ihe es az aa] n n NNW nN NNNNZONZ nn nn pe oortraManMnadorto TOMA DOO+TMODACZDOD0N0NGD O00 2 fre} i) Yo wwwwet ig we gw wn y 6 Z NnnnnZ, Nn NHN AZ NNANN he ON TINOWMMMOO+FOATMNTOHNMNADAONO MOO +04 ise) a a = 3B S : 2) fo) 2) fo) a EF Go fy (2) a) = ZNANnnZ Nn NNZnnnw Zan nn Se - roy on. ootrm COAT 920: OP POE O30) “OOo O.O OOF 1010) BOUTS =O; WOO. 10!) ort foo} a a a I ft) 5 i fe i a nn nung n wm nw On WL — 7 a oo0o00 mM MMNONMNTODMOIODODCDCDODDODDIDIDOOWO NG CO} H = ~o S a io} . Zz a) 2 fx] a) mf oS % Nn nZ nn n n wn nn or = il = oo0oommooormmoo0o0o0c0o0o~mono0od0000g00g0ggg0oj;a & 2 gz j 2) (2) fx) fo) fs z nn nnn wn i fy = z S eoo~onMmMaaooMmNMNtroMNnOoNnaamHOoamMoeaedc0aaoOaoOoONnmMO!H ws Zi] 2 s eo aes a ea) HOH H HW Wa o3) ZnNG nnn Nn NANA a ae 7 ooooonmnooonmnMmmanowuowro0000g0000000 0 0} H = ro S 3] Bory fy n NNNZN Nn nN ia) St ooncnoomoo0oononogomaonrmoonnnanog0000000 0 +O; H a are ica f=] (2) n BQ we Zz n n 24 UW OW z a conoomooonnoomoeont+rOH OFT O0ODDADAOOMNO!]H a fz) Y f a) fx} a ne Znnwn w n I +tINO THO AO & TODO TO OGRA OR RRO RHA T TH THA May 198 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM 1900. August. A = 84° 4' W. 76° 20' N. Havnefjord. 9 +OMO000r00/0 s cl ae fx] ny A ca tOmMAnrOooOoON Gd a ° 3 a ZZ if] mee & —_ ie ooM+M 000 0)H % = me NNA Z RCT oM+tOMNMOAMSIA a rt 169) Zan Zn fs bagi a pee te ‘ =/8 on Mo +mMomMm0| a Si. 3 fy wn NNAN W a oomounrans)™M a ea) NAZnEW = . ommonnor+sl|m 8 em) A yn ZNNAW WN ; oO omomaooo0odo]!H a 2 io] Z naw oo aroooaoo ojH a o ) o |) 8 Z Zw Zk 19 otooroomo|d % a) fx) Zz n Zh w oO omoomoaoonojn * Z n ai n oo omaoomnoodood|H a “a Yo & BR 2 2A Be se q a Han tno ro a! F A = 1898—1902. No. 4.] 1900. September. 76 49° N. 1 = 88°40! W. Gaasefjord. ¢ 19g WIND. : ik c Bigs nMtt+an KOA AnrO +/+ es ao Ze a | ieee ee z eng S | | orrnNno+nNr@aoo0 mM + a o | ty jm cs as Z | | wPbuewnBan 2 eT Oo | Nr +O MO +tNE-NO OV] + @ il z | ae HFAZZAZZAZLZAZZ AZ . es a | +O M+tO00NrM00 +/+ ae |e eel ZESRAzAee ee os +00 ++ EO MOO AH Om) + a +] we ae 42 Bae AeA eee Oo SEO) WOLD CANNES» EEA: tO wn a ical DubuEpiEi ae NQNHINN ATOM +tHANA ia S 4 A 8 zi ae ZZEZZZLZLZLZLZ0LM0 —||— —---—————_—__ —|z +a FNM MH FTAA +0] + % 2. A |g FE Zz WB z ZZZAZZAAZAAL — oO COU) lB 800; ES 10. ONION sO ile) a g e my FZ ez wg BO eB Fi Be Sy Bs Oa Se Ba Fa Oe oO TAD. OES BSH) ONO: 004.0 Te} ‘ BiB rr) (2) 2A AAAS r= a Te) +a er NE NO r~O a0 a] + a bil Z, z ZEA AAAS A AA Lal OFA ++O ANNA INO MWA ma za) . ZS al ZWWZALZAGA4AZZAG i S 3 DHAIOHAM+INO HM HOS Q Pe AN AEN SU YEN SU FAL NSN SOO ese [2QND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 200 or |r |G |gé [hr jos HS jes lor |L-+ |r°S jos uray 4 N | & N|& n|€& a|é a |S an] + a | 9 N | 0° L N|L N | &£ @NN 1€ 9 ANN | § N | ? N|§ N | § N | 9 N]9 MN} & S| & asa | 0 €1 qsq | €1 asa of br gsa | 41 asa | 1m as | & S| 8 ass | 11 ass |] 6 ass | 8 S| 6 mss | ° ° zs aN 6 + AN ° € N v N € N 6 2 N P N ¢ N ¢ N + N + aN gz S$ aN | * aN | 4 ON! € GNN | & GNN | + ANN |] & GAN | + GN | O ° ° o° MS Le o MS Ms | ? Mss | ? mss | 9 MSS | 6 mss] tr os | fr S| Er ass | tr qss | 11 ass | 6 asa 98 z as ° ° N ° S ° ° L Ss + Ss €& MS or 4s 8 MS Il MS Se m1 MS | 9? MS |S MS | 6& MS ]|L£ MS} 8 MS] 9 MS | € s | 6 a) €& gs | tr as | 41 as te 6 MSS L MSS ° ° + M gI N €1 II N ° FOAMS € qT + AN Se € aN | 0° = MS | § ANN | * ANN It ANN | Of ANN | © GUNN | OT ANN | 4 GNN | © ANN | 8 ANN oe 8 ANN | 9 MS | 6 ass | €1 aSS | 91 aSS | 8t AS |] gt aS | Br aSS | 61 ASS | of ASS | Ie ASS | 61 ASS 1z 81 aSS | 91 ASS | 81 ASS | 9% ASS | 91 ASS | 9t aSS | et aSS | 1 Ss | Or gS | tr JS | 8B s | 4 as 06 6 MSS | ft aSS | etmMss | etmss | tr mss | etmss | IrMSS | IrmMsS ) 1rmMss | £ MSS | & MS | & MSS 61 ° 6 L£ aN | 9 GNN | * ANN | * ANN | > ANN | * AN | = AN, F N | ° € N gi z N | ? @NN | € N}| i N | & N | & N |]? aNN | ? N |? nN] €& an | § N | & MAN Lr S aN }|£ aN/|€& ON] €& GN o> aN |e aN | ? N | & aN] & N]& aN | t a 91 z aN ° q ° N ° zc S € Ss z Ss ° ° Ss ° €& MS ° Si ° € S |e ms | o ° s aN | 0 qs a) ez qi) o o AN} = MM Fr I aN | § N|° @N | co aN] © GONG! ? GUN] QO AN | F& N | 8 ANN | 8 N | et oN | & NN er 9 ANN | 0 + GUNN | f N | 0° ° ° ° ° ANG 9 asa} as I s as |e Ms | & ms | e ° ° ° ° 2 ANN | & aS |? aS} 9 aS II 9 aS | °. ° ° ° Oo ANN | © ANN | @ a | © aNN | & AN | © ° or © ANN | © GNN | = ANN & ANN | * ANN | * ANN | £ ANN | 9 ANN | 4 ANN |} 8 N | 9 N | 6 N 6 9 MN | 4 MN |] 8 MAN | © MN} St MN | 8t AN ] 81 MAN | TT MN | OF MN | & MN | S MNN | £ MN 8 9 N ¢ N + N ° é N fo) ° ° ° ° b N 8s aN Lb. € AN S aAN ° ° ° € aN z aN I aN ° ° ° | ° 9 fo) ° ° € q z N € N + N S N s N 9 N s Ni ? N s 9 N | § N | @ aNN | + N | * n | § N]€& Nj; ? aNN | * aN | & N |S N | + S N 4 N v N . N L N Ss N Oo ANN ° ° ° N c N | z N © z N ° ° ° ° ° ° G aq ° € AN ° fe} N cS ° ° ° z a |e Zio €° aN | = GN | © o aN} 0 | = aN I ! “YPUN yor acts} cis) q? ye uooNn yor ys Wo | y? | ye seq "mM Ov 688 = _Y 'N OF 9L = 4 ‘pioljesery 19q099Q ‘O06T 201 WIND. 1898—1902. No. 4.] gs |e9 |E-9 [SS |g-s 99 ze) |6°9 jz9 jos Ss S uvoyq + N | @ N | ? N | 9 N | 6 N | 6 NI] 8 Ss | 6 ms | 6 s | 0° ° 6. § of Las] § s | 9 s | § s |? s|6 as]|9o as}|§ s/|/6 ms }4 mss! & MS | & ON 6z -ooaN |] & MS | 9 JN] ° ° & ass | o N/]| 0° ° N |] @ Nj} o © ASS ge * MSS | ? MSS | ? S| oe S};r ~S§ joe N]o N | & N{§ N | 9 N | 8 N | or oN Le OL N sl N SI N €1 N er N oI N TT N €1 N € N € N v AN S$ N 9a € N € N ° fe) ° eS MAS fe) fa Ss ° fo) ka N ° Ce & JANN | O° ° ° ¥ N | 0 * ANN | § N |? .gN | @ UN |} & FN] & ON ve 9 an }]S an!& an] S$ aN] & AN | 9 ANT O JN} O° o aN | & N | @ N | § ass & 9 ass | 4 aS | 8 asa | 4 See s|8 Ss | tr S | =I S | I S| &@ Ss | 0° ° ae M4 N | 8 @NN | 6 ANN | OT ANN | 9 ANN | £1 ANN | Of ANN | 21 ANN | Of JNN | 8 ANN | © ANN | 9 ANN 1g v aN Ol ANN ° ° ° ° € AN ° € N ° € N ° os + ANN | & @N | > ANN | 9 ANN | 9 ANN | © ANN | Of ANN | SI GNN | I GNN | 8 AN | F JN | § UNN 61 8 N | 8 N | & N | & N |} 6 N | ?1 N | tr oN | ¥r N/}|9r N |] €&2 N | 9t N | 9 N gr er nN | €2 N] Or nN { 6 N | 6 N/} or N for wn ]or ni € N |? aN] 4 N | 9 N LI 9 N 6 N Or N 8 N or N 8 N ot N 6 N € N ° b N ¢ N QI 8 N | L N | 6 N | 9 N | 6 N | © @NN | It GNN | ?2 ANN } 9 Nj SI AN | 21 N |} eI aN SI 8 N | £ AN} 12 MN] IE NJ] Ir N {8 nN! 4 mn | 6 N | ir oN | @I GNN | OF GN | 8 ON FI 6 an | 4 aNN |] 8 ON |S AN | OP ¢ aN] & aN | O° Fo oms | & s | § s | & MS er €&§ ms /|9 ms! ms |S MS] S MS | 9 MS | S S } ? MSS | © € S$ j}o ° eI ° s | ° ° N | 2 N |? N | ? Nf L N | 6 N | 8 N | 9 N | 8 N]| er oN II zien] & N]{€& NI] 9 N {|i wN | §t N | 6 ANN | ©LMNN | ITMNN | © ANN | OT AN | OT MN or 6 N | & ANN | 12 ANN | 12 ANN | OT ANN | 8 N] 8 N | &£ aNN | £ @NN } 6 N | ot N |S ON 6 Loan] e& an{4 an{6 an {]s aN /|8 aN] 2 aN | 4 GNN ; Of ANN | 4 ANN | 8 ANN ANN 8 9 ANN | 9 ANN | &£ ANN | 9 G@NN | L N | 8 N]9 N | 9 ANN | 9 GUNN | L Ni § N | * NN L + ANN | ? ANN | * ANN | ? N | S UNN | ? N]9 N{§ N | & N | 9 MN | 12 MN |] 8 MN 9 S MN | 8 N |] § N | ° € mss | ’ mss | ? mss | ’ mss | § MSS 9 MS |] PI MS | OT Ss s Ir § | ot s | aitmss | tz § | 11MSS | 8 MS | OF Ss | 1 S | Ir § | OT MSS | OT MSS |} OT MSS + 8 MSs | 2 S } 11 S| Er s | & mss | £ mss | 8 mss > 9 MSS | 9 MSS |} 9MSM ] FS MI E S € fe) v S Sz N ° N € N € ° N ia N SG N ° ° € N Z ° z AN € N. € N € M ° ° fe} fe) ° c N € N I “PIN yor 48 49 a a meohy wot 48 19 a qe ASG “mM of 88 = 7 'N OF gL = S ‘piofjasery ‘IaqUiaAON ‘OOGI 202 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM foo) ONDCOFOAFAMOAAROMiNn® mM MO m-OAHNOO AME) + 3 a z 8s n ea) n Zz nL B2AzZaZe ZNNZZAZZZZAZZ4H Zaz ry Oe EERO ODN ea OP S60). ss Ber CD09 OVONO: ENO: ONO Sb.O 20) 0) 69) + 4 3 ° 1 a n 3 : 4 NL BAR HA ZNNBZZZSZZZAZZ2Z“n Zaz foe} ONDOODOADMOONONMNODOONHDATADAEMOMAT+E| + H H H H ® 2 gE He Beeeh Boum Baeee een Bees ears OoOMmMaomrtODOOMONDN TOODIONNN monmnoMOM+O O!]W iH HoH ret H tl ® ED Be mz 2A 2 2% ZnnZzBZzzZzZzZzzzan 2Ezz =a 1} SCOOP OO uCOHEO OO (ON UD GO) ge NO NOWEE x NOD OO iO! 09S) 100-00) + aq fs) f] f2) : a Z, 3 Be n 2 3) E2ezen GENNAZZAZZALZLZZA ZZAZZz eZ + ° ONMOAOONDOMOIAMIADDATHOMATNMOAHONAMHIODOWONMO + 2. pipe ee gars c a4 a i) i a t2) S ) a! HAZ ZA f ZWNZZZZZ4 ZZBN ZAZZ oe = Ey r~N OC 0O0OO0O +N TOOOMONDM+NA MN OMHMODO +00 + a) 5 nm : H How H 2 “oa 6 ea] As | 2] 2h ta z % Zia ZAZ, Z NEZZAALZZZZAN ZAZ an 3 oO I NMDODDOOMNMNNMNMODOMNMOrONT+ODM omnoaoodoorwond + _ Lal i H . a g £ a 2 & i : ZnZZ ZZZLZN DA 0 AZZZAZAZZAZ ZZAZ Z red ra MO+FTO0OMD+E>+H+OO+FODDMNMHHDOH + H+OO0NDHO M9 3 HH HAH HW a te | Aa) p=) a aes 3) ny & ZZZZ ZLAAZ Z DEZAZAZALALZZLA ZZZZz a WHOA OANMNOTOTODANIOMH HOO ATOMS tA Ow + HoH Led ir = E gS 2 6 n Zn 2 2zeZ % zw nb wzzzzzzzzzGzzzaz = oe) OER 1: Ot OONEO. SO ONO AE EH 16). ONO. C1005 0. is Oct -© “ONog! | SP ee cS z : z S mg ne & 2 wm 2 & NEZAZZAZZAZZzZAZzRH Ez a BOO 69 0) OO. QV SO 1090) ACO ES OV-8 OVO NO AE TION 6:05! 0''0) © OG) + Lal Lol 4 = 3 a = n Z Zoo ZAZZA Z ZNNAZLZZZLZAZZAZZEHA Ez ial gd of AAONtTMOMDADHAMN+NOMAHAAOHAM+NO FD HOH s a FRR HH A TA A A AA A A A oH mS 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND. 203 a 4s HMOWO TCO FOOOTDHAAMNMOOAAAMDNOMONTO |S el HH Lal H Lal HR a fx) Q = 2 z = 2 AA Tg, ZAZAZZAAZZZALZAZZLNN YN ZAZA Tt DWDHOMMNMNMACOMMErMODHMNTtO+HROOO +O0COrM|” ad HoH H w a ° col feapes} ea] ea) ° Z Za, Z Z ZAL4LA4Z, ZAZAZAZZZZAALA NN Za “oO ON OTMODOAOARKrFOHOMMHADAAUAALD000MO|S “4 H HHAAR a H HH © = aq) = AAAAGAG ZAZAZAAZAZZAZAZAAALZLON AA “oD +UONFOFOOArMrOrOrKRMO+OMOMFOT+TOAN +4 HoH HHH HH HH H or = 2) ea woe 4 A 2) ZALZAZAAWN AZAZZZAZAAZALZAAALAANUNNN ZAG Tt WMO +F+TOO FOOrFMMOFOORAIOMOAHOMMOADALaAS al HH HW HW H HW HH A, S i re Ex . mz z Zz, ZZ, = ZZZAZLAN ZALAZAAZAAAAZLAZAAANNAZN ZAG B 7 a 6 HA +TOMINMOOFOrFONAD+EMMOO+AEO DO nw | Fore) HH Hw H H A HH fos) Ea [eal [ea] ise] ut * Bie BE eS ZAZA 4ZANZ ZAZZZZAZZAZAZLAZLZANN WN ZAZ x eT] = ro) ae HOFADCODOODRAHHTOMDO FER ANDOHODMOH AMO f= rool He Hew eH H Leal AR So ~ ° [eal] fea ia] —~ 2B 2 3 iz, z, . Z = % ZAZAZAZZAN ZAZZAZZAZAAZAAAZAZNMN NY ZAG o - oS De | CODDODNNMOORADNAOHDO+MODROOHDOFOHNDAIS se a AH A 4 H HH & [ea] ‘ g Sg Zz “ as) ZAZLZAAZAA LZZZZZAZZAAZZLA NNNGAZAA = = 2 AnomoaoooooaAmNoAamaAnnrHNoH OHO MOO MA) S Ss fol () v2) z ZZ2ZAA A ZZZAAZLZLALZLZZAZAA NNW AZ oO AY FOWO OH AOCOD OTE TO AMY ODDO NMOS M+O AG a aa} qQ a0 Zz Zz ; - ZZZAZZ ZLZA ZZLZZZAZAZZZAZZA NNNZAAGSZ O HO DOMOTITO RAD AD UDO HINO mH OA MO OOH mI0 a z fea] eal * Z Zz Bee ZAABA ZAZA ZAAZ4ZZAZ4GZ4ZZZAZ nnn Zz oO DAMMNGO COO QD TAMG TON MNO MAO MNO OM O16 faa] % B Z Bos iedes: Z ZAAZLZA AG ZALZAZLZAZAZAZZZAZZNNNH A2A 8 Rl saoemormognameeere aga aereg se eaals 204 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM February. 1901. 76° 49° N. 4 = 88° 4o' W. Gaasefjord. 7 re) H+FINDMEMOOAAMOMNFOO TROD HADOMMD O;N as Hw Ln se | Be OH HR s = Se. Bias AAAAAG nnn nn ZnZ4ungdaA Za & Anon+O000MMTOHOMOUMDOFrONDGOMDOO/;F HH Ha HW % S 2 ? aS eB EF ww z A2% ZL A nnn nna 42Zn nad a oO MaooOMZ20000MD0AMOrEMrANOOMEO00/N al Hw Ha Lal e pl by, : 2. : AZ4ZA44G Z% nZnne A2nanaZaaA nZ4a wn a odaananoto00+MOHAM+OrrDMN0H +Or0N O|/ AH KAH a H H a ica) s eo Fa, ze Bw ZAAZAZH ZAn nnGeA Z2ZnanZzan 4 wn cs Ant+anNmMo0Wv~0rn Gg AMoo0roNno09AaonNod O]0 H al Qa HH we ao m , S ic ‘ H eye 2, -& AAZAAAA AZAAZNANNA ZnNAZn44a4gq wz n bd ADANMDHMODMNOADFOVDOAAMDADOTOMD|O HH = HoH = a (x) eS a Zz, (2) Za Z eae ZZZEAAAZAAZAN ANA ZNANAA BAA ce) +NEMNMHOOMOrFAM+MNOrFOU FTOANHODOHO/|NM [=] H we oF . et al He ° S 2B 8 Zz, Sys Se fa ZAZAZAA ZA nanna ANANA4LA AZA44N ro) OTNHAGAONACOMOMMrOMDD00M0ND000000/F+ a H ae Hw _ fe) 5 Z ae Ze ZAZA AAAnnnnea AZ2nannaa n Aw “on WOMADWOFODD0D000AHOHFOMDOHDAVDOMDMO|NH H = HH eal Hw i F-le - a, ; 2 py Ee 8 ZAZA AAA unnnyae An nnAagw naa : Le QMO AD ArGIoMoOMADODADOMMNENA900/%H ir = es (2) [ea] ie ea} ZAZAAAA oBAok za Zazane ‘0 OAN+NHODOFTNOMDT0O00 THD FO MND Oj} H HHH fa = 5 z = ame oH 5 a ie wz, ZZAZALZA Anegnn AZ ZUZAGAZz rc} ONtTNEDODOOANDMTHADMANNODADIOAVO O\|/O Be H eH H Fs | a a 3 z n 42 8G ZAGAGA nN NANNZAZLZNAUE Adz > a ie HAMFTNO FO ACHAMFT NOFA ADHAMY NO FO|s a PED ta ial ait ae SA AS a Se 205 WIND. 1898 - 1902. No. 4.] sg jg-s s gS rg \s-s 9 jor9 ha) [hs jes |e uvay 2 es Se eee oP © w]e N/S wilt | ® MN | * MN 1€ = MN | © S.[°e So alee © mss | 9 mss | 4 mss |} 9 sj) £ S2(° 9° ONS | S of 9 S L Ss IIgs Ir Ws Ir qs It 9S €1 as er ys |} 6 as Ir cs ° ° oz ° ° ° r S ° ° ° S MN Ss N S FINN ° S as ge Ss a |e Wie ¢/S 2Le Nie Nilo w/e n |e we pit RS 8 Le el N 6 N Ir N 6 N ol N ol N 6 N 6 N 8 N S MS I iS = aN 9c % S + as ° ° ° ° ° ° Se MS ° N € N ° Se L N | 4 N | 8 N | 4 N | 6 N | 8 NY] é Nj 4 N | 9 ae Ne | Bi ONE 9 N ve bh wld wie Ae ae aw |e as |e aN Se Re Ras ONS 6 &e ° € N ° & N ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° oS Oo Oo ° te} ° ° oo oO ° te} fe) oO 4 fe} te} o fe} fe} o ° fe} oO te} te} oO of fe) ° ° ° fe) ° N ° ° ° N S N S aN cS TN 61 L wile le Se Bee Hise Ale we Ble wie Blt Be & gt 9 N | 6 N I N |] 0° 9 N ] & N € N | 0° N | © ° ° ° Lr oO Oo o ° o te} a MS fe) oO te} fe} N G N gi c N c N ° ° ° G N ° ° c N ° € q ° N Sr L N € N + N | 8 N Tl W | or N a4 N | & N |] S N | € N | or N | & N Fr z M € M!°? I N | © ao € s | @ S| z S ° O° ° €r @ MS ° €& MS ° S UN ° Ss }o ° ° ° S N & N ae ¢ on | 2 ann | 8 GUNN | O° ONN | J7GNN | StSNN | 92 SN | 9F Ny] *F Nj] SF N| 87 N] Ot N I oI N Ir N or N or N Ir N 6 N SI NN FI N $1 N St N | fr N €1 N or GI N im iN €&r NN] 6 N {8 N L N |] 9 N | 9 N | 9 Nj 6 N | 9 N s N 6 e Fie wile Nl es Wise Mie nie Nis Nike Sie eee 8 or N el N or N L N 6 N or N | 6 N ol N FI N 9 ANN ° ° L S N ° ° ° L N + N or N ol N 6 N Ir N ol N | & N 9 br N FI N oI MN tl MN 8 MN | °F MN FI N Li N 61 N | 6 Nj 6 N | oe N S > Nile ele le Mle Ble nT |e NLS Rie Nile Ny SeaSN ¥ 11 qNN | CraNN | &2aNN | STANN | 7! oN | *2MNN | *IMNN | S2GNN | 22 N | ft N]| tt N | OF ON € Zi N TI N | SI N 6 N SIGNN | ?2 ON €r oN zr nN |] & nN] wu N {St NJ] or N G 6 N zIN | €1 N sr WN tr ON | OL N 6 N 9 N ° € N | 0 ° I “IPI yor 48 49 yy qe uooN yor ug 19 q? qe seq "mM oF 88 = ¥ ‘'N OF 9 = hd ‘piotjesees) ‘YIIEW “TO6T 206 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM me COMOFOOVMDAAHAM+TANNMO NN MN++000 NO; F 3 eq 2 aq oY 42a eal Z nn AZnZZZZAZNNNNZGG4A4A4 as iS COMTOMHTH +NOMOME NE MOO MMO MOCO MO! + a 4 fe el 4 m mM 4 z Zz ZA nnnZenZZ4ZzZnnnnZaZaaZ Ax oO COFMTO TNO HOMOOMHO MEO FOO H +IND MOM +O/ + a ea] . ga ca) @ u ZZzZo nZztAn ZAZAnnnn AAAGAAn AZZ 1 OMOFTOOMTAMOATO MODEM MOFMATAMOO MO! + a [eal a So om is a 4 NAZAZNNLZZZZNNUGN ABZAGAAn AZ ; oO OO: Shes ONO: 0) 1ON.ERO Ee ECO 00 ANG) E> Up 1A OV E60 OE O18 O10) a] ica : al aa x] S AA Nn AZnZZZ4ZAnnnnAaAAaAaaaan AAG - Less + COMOMODOMMNOANZORDrO ATM HE EO OW 8 a = : a 5 S a i : pean, 2 i he ZAZA n ADBAZAA nnn BAaZAAan Az = On noe COMODODNDAFOFOHNHOMDAEFDMDOArFAMHAAOME| + i=") c fe H a. } ey eal vor le Se: ee zs % ZZn nnanEAZZzAzaannn ZAAZAZnA AA a oe a = Il CooNLOMOMODAMHE EMM MO OANH MNO OO +H/F & 3 e 5 ya ZA nnAanZeaaZaannn AAAZAGn AZAwz a wo a COTKTCOHOMMMNMOH OO MO MOO MO MD O00 Mo! + Ss mom a) 4 i 2) = cal el 4, b a b 4 Z 4244 A2An AZAZZZAZAZAZnnn AZAA4An ZA iG CooOMONTOMNMAMErOr+O THOM ANMADOO MN + ree (x ea) wo AZ eal iS a] Z nn ZAZBAZZAAZANnN ZAZAZ Az : ca CCOMONDADNO MME TONE ™tHOMmOONDOCD0/M a : = m 2 ea] a) 2 An A2An4ZAZAGnnn AZ2ZA z oO FOOMOWO FO FADAAON+ATMAMOATNODOIW + ‘3 ts As fy [ea] % 4 nanaZneazztnnneaae~se A wi a HAMENOFOAOHAMENO FO HOHAMTHO FO OAO!E Q PEE REITER EEE EE OLR ANAS GY AINE RY OU 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND. 207 4.6 m™AOATtTOMO MA TOAMA NING D MMNNOMMOOMO NN ra Qo ZZ > 44 Heese ane Goes eenkue ee Be Midt. W 5-5] FTAIMNNTDAONENNAONNMMNM+tTHANEMMNNMDO H HoH z toh Ss, a é Ae AA nuns wi Bree node nnk ued AG 10 0 Ini m™a +0 tM O TIN IN MO O N00 100 TOA MO MM) In H gh SE . 2 an, re = AAZAZAAZNNNINANAAANNNZNNNZNINNAAAZ BOE 680) TmTMNHYFONE-MNNErOUO TOU FOOD ErOMAAMNMMNA + 1H Hw H 6h z alan wean. gen n etna Gt nwo nnZnnneeZe a 6.3| Dy O18 CANO! tm +0 0 C9 EOE AQ ES OO) EO eae SO Mo ro a H ie gh oa mee z nnenazenennensae BozbuumannZZne 53:9 SO 0O DO M00 AND Sy NSCo MMNOUWODA NA ANMNMNO +NO + a 88° 40! W. h E 13 Z, oad ie a x) AA a ean i AU nnZAanZznunenn Ze i 6.1 NANNDAOADAHMNTMHOMOUDHAMNA AEBS 0. (0) 60100. (0) 0: C80) row ia H H H May. Sots 2 ZAZA PARA Bann Ae eae nade nnAeAZ 76° 49! N. Noon 1901. 5-7 H+tO 0 MO oranoHMNmMooNDAYoOmoONntToO.0M H H H H toh Wi 10 © aos Zz, nnnnantaneZaangiZznny A N N N W N N 5. oONnDO M000 R000 NED OM TOOK + i Gaasefjord. 9 8 gh be oA es a faa] Annnnan Z 4ZA24nn Annaaage 5:5 AnNnHouwuroraaranmmaaowro tro 0M Tio] +FOMNMAOMN ST w H H z 2 AZZ ZZ, SZnnn AA ZAn ZZnnnanna ZA 6h 5.8 MAD OO MON FHAOEMTtTOOMATATNTOA-00 + Lal > H HoH Lal ca] re i > - A 2 q = w ee ia ZAG ZAeZnan Be Bn mmo a ° 5 i) v | 7 2 ° ° 7 fo) 4 7 3 6 5 6 3 9 5 ° 3 I ° 3 7 5.2 gh YNW 7 Day I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Io II 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 30 31 Mean 208 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM + MMO MO+TITOMATODOOIOOMHAOO MAS HOH Midt. 4 ° 6 2 6.0} ol \W 8 gh 2 ° ) 9 5.0| V W = gH a & er LZALZ LAA Be nnn Zee 5-4| MmrMMNADHMNOEAMAAMrTIOMYTOTHTANMNDO TCO TNA H H 4 AZAAZLAZLLZLAGIND NNnNZAnZAngananZ AZ, 6h 5.2| Mrootraannrt9d”o nd CONMNTONODArOO MMO 4 2 Sz, zi a es) ae geemee Gad wunnee zetBunaes 4h Zi 9 6 ° Io 3-7 +O MOMNMNIOTONO Pi Ove MmMNAO MOO NM we ZZZ ZAZAAAAGNNNNNNNAAZNGAG 88° 40! W. oh 5.0 MNHOMADOADTOMHHNDOTMNDODOMNDMNNH FDA MN H - H Se So B = June. me Zz ae bs ZZZ ZZZSAaanna an nN nAnAAngnnZan 76°49 N. A Noon 1901. 5.2| I §OE 060 SONG! SOW MANE MOOS NO: NO OSOF 10): .O 160.10! 30) © UBNON OH EOS SUID) A H H 2 = eg 4 [aa NYNNGNANNNNAZNEA fe ea) a 3 wane enue he toh SE ONAMODAHAOOMANMDTOUONADAONMNNNOO+T+NE| WH het H Gaasefjord. ix) ez Sinan Zn Banazwannene gh WwW NNE tj OoOOONT+TNNMODDAOMA WW ro) nnn NZZAZNAnAnanAang | . | TOD ODADAIMODMDANAMANATANO TOO ACO NO OMI] WH al HH Ww 4h 5 4 az Ze = zBuazeew wz af@SunneeneaeS ee o TNODMDEODMDMADMDIODONOTOHMHAMNODMDOO TO VNMTM HOH oh e ea BS 5a S a es} Bammmews GEMS conkeene SERB E N HAMNMTMNO MO NOH AMNHTMNO -O HAO HHH HHH HHHH A Day 30 Mean 209 ’ WIND. 1898—1902. No. 4.] gt hana |S jL'b jor [Sb Lt [Sb |pb |or lub hand | uvayy z si & ms |e ms |e ms! 0 z Ms | o ° € ANN | ? ANN | ? NI? N 1€ s Ni} & mn] & mn] £ N | *MNN !} PANN | f ANN! 2 Ni? mN |] 9 MN | 9 MN! © OMAN of € MN |?’ MN |} & Nj & Nj? N |? N | 9 Ni? Ni] ° ° ° I N 6z € N I N v Ni? N S N ° N ° € N - N + N ° I AWN gz S mun] 2 mN |? ms! 2 ms | o ° € YN | 2 | € aNN | © ANN | = ANN | §& MN Le EMNM | £ MNN | § Nj] 9 XN |? N/§ Ny ]& N| § N | 0° ° & ANN } © 92 ° o aN: 0° N |? N]& a) § ANN | § N | 6 ANN | yo MN | OE Nj 9 N | ol N Se II MN | 6 Nn | 4 N | 6 N|& N | Sanu} otmnm |] ? msay! 8 A | oF ms} & Ms | & AMS te Tr MS | OT MS | OF MS | ©& MSS | 8 AS | 8 s | ot mss! a2 mss | 6 mss | & mss | 9 mss | * aS € ¢ s.| ¥ s | § M/}9 MS |] 9 MS | ° SS}? MS) STAN | 9 mM | & N | 0 - MN ee £ MAN | §& Nj? NI S& N/] =e ms |e ast go N) & N|§ N |? N |? XN] €& N Te s N | 9 N | 9 N |S N | §& N/S§ N]e& N} § iS N | § Ni £ MAN |] & AN os yOoMN | ? N | § N | oe ° | 0 + ASM ? M:. 2? MN} & mm; 6 MILO MM 61 S MN] ©& MN} * MN} 9 MN | & MN |? AN |S ANN] 9 N| & N | 22 MN, 8 AN | 8 AN 81 L MN | 8 MN | & Nis mn] 4 mn] © mn} 4 MN] 9 MN S MN] SANA; 8 AN | OMNAV Lr 8MNM |S MN | & MN |S MN |S MN | F MN TF N |? N 9 N|§ Nj ¢& N} & N 91 b Nj]? an |S ON] 2? MN | & MN | OP ZT MS | & s|& s |? ms |; & ms j 2 £1 ° ° ° i N | 6 N |? NY] & si & mss! & s | & as)? mss | & Ass v1 ¢ ass} S mss |]? ms |] h ms; & ms | & ms] EE ms} & ms] t aN | @ Nj | & N |? N €1 z N | & N | ? ANN } © € MN | ? NI & Mf GN] ° ° € aN | 2 N 1 + N € N b N + N c N € N $ N + N 9 N + aN ° fo aN ET ° € N | & N |} 9 N |] 9 N]9 NX] § N/ § N| & N |? MN | 9 MANN | E N or 9 N | 9 N |] 9 N ]| 9 N {4 Nj} 9 NIS& N > 9 FNN} 9 N | § N |] § N |} § AN 6 st MAN | © MN | 1! MN | © N |}? Nj} 9 N | 8 MNN}]| 9 MAAN} @ N/} & N}] & MAN | Oo 8 ° ° € MAN |? MN | S ANN | 9 ANN] S MN) ? ANI S MN | 9 OM | § AN | O L € mn |? MN; F MN |S mM] F N | © UNN | 9 FANN] 8 N| ? ANN | ? N |S MN | &F AN 9 S mn | & N | £ ONN } & N | + aN |S aN] % ANN, ? aN) & N | & N | & N | & N s 9 MN | ? GUNN | § N |? N |? N | £ MNN | & iN N|& N | e& N/]o N | § N v s N |] oF N |] 8 N | 9 N | § Nj; o NY? N;& N|9 MN]? N |e N |? ON € € N | 2 N {2 MN] ? N |? Ni S MN]S MN! & Ni 9 MN | L N | 9 nN] § N & s N | & N | § MAN ] 9 N | 9 MN | 9 Nit Ni] 9 N | 6 Nj} or N|{S§ N | 4 N I “IPHAL yor 48 uo uP We HOON, Neh 48 ug ae ae keq ‘M oF 88 = 7 ‘N 6b 9b = 4 ‘piofjaseey ‘AIn{ ‘1O6T August. 1901. 910 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [QnD. ARC. EXP. FRAM P Gaasefjord. Midt. mnmNnoo0o0o0mMmroMNtaoo mM ZZ wn 35 toh o+roow~ortmotro +0 0 tA” Qe z zz nnaea Wn wn ZAAG 3-3 gh o~onmatt+tMOMONAMATOMNWN fk) S z z nhuzaz BSuilnnezzze 39 6h BE pBus n PEBESSES oz CoOH ODO ++TTONMNIDOMANMNTONONN es <3} ZNNNNZZ GH NNNHNBZAS 4.1 wonMmtououro0n rom ee By NNUZZZLZEZZ ora MMO A TtTONMNHOOOH MONT 2 Z2NZNN4ZA na QZeEzz gh MODONMNAMNNTFTODMIMIMOD ++ 4 g w E ts 43 zihnkz nn B Heazzz 3.6 4.0} Noon FOMNMOOO FTHO DAO H Be 8 NNN ZAZZZAZAZNN woo0dOKNOMtMONNMNOOOMNErNtE 4 toh emowro0oo ro TOMANnnortrMom H 2 ta = ae N24 nN Znnnwnw RE a Fae, gh maa t 2 3 2 NDE NAZAALZZZZYW mwaratrtnNnrmnwa oo omrt+r+tNNTFTOMNIOONN+O +r-WMN Z 20 eee eu Behe cis 6h TAOMTOTDODON B a 338 BIZ 2, NN NNZAZAZZ wn mwMmrtMaAtrtNntrtAtTMNAH NOr+tNe B ay . . cs 2eznnnzezznnza Heeee gh mMwNMO MMM nN mae eS S VEG ED Des ZAW mo FTHTOMNTOMAIAMONAOMOMNNHeKe H 3 Flt 3 Zaz En Ben Bw Bane onranunraonnrnromnn BE RE ae ote +FOMOMErOMN 3 : 2 a2 ZAn 3S 3-8] 4-7 3.8| Day HAMtNO ODO AOHA HH Oe Mean * From the 13th August to the 5th September under way working southwards in the Gaasefjord. 211 WIND. 1898—1902. No. 4.] Ly S or lot jos |L-S zs |S 6s je-S S loro ueopl ° ° oO fe) fe) fe) °o fe) ° °o fo N Oo aq of ° ° © MNN | * MNN |} ° N | O° N] © ANN | © MANN | 9 MNN | 9 N | £ ANN | ? ANN 6 br MNN | 9 ANN | 8 MAAN | 8 ANN | TIAANN | TTAANN | © AANN | © AANN | 8 AANN | 8 N | 8 N | 4 N ge Ss N | 8 N |] § N | & N | 8 N | 8 N | 8 xn | & N | 4 MN | & AN |] £ ANN | £ ANN Le S MNN | S$ ANN | © N|o° aS | 0 co) ° € S| o S|o asS}o Ss | 0 S 9z ° Ss | 0° ° o ana | = aNa | 7? AN | S MANN | * MNN | S ANN | § N |S Nee N Se iS Nn | € N | & N | 0° ° s N |]? N | § MANN | 9) AN ] & N | § N |S N be € nN | & N |? x | & an] 2 AN] S MN] 8 MNJ IT Ni it oN | 4 MN | 6 MN | OF ON Sc Ir N|9Q N | € N | 9 N | 9 N | § N | 8 N | 9 N | ? ON | @ al? N |S S ee ° N | € N | & aNN | ? nN |? N{§ xn] &§ Nai) Nib N | 9 MN | FI AN | Ot AN 1z 6 N | & N | 8 nx | 2t N | 9 ANN | 9 MANN ] § nN | § N | 9 N|9 MN] § N | 9 N oz 9 nN | § N|S man | 9 MN! Ff N |? N}]9 MN] ©& MAN! & MN] 9 MN |] L£ MN ] 9 N 61 € Ne hl-s xnlo mn !]* mn] 8 MN] 8 MN] 4 MN | 8 MN | PT MN | 8 MANN |] 8 MN | Lo MN gi ° S MN |} @ xn/|o MN | 9 MN |S MAN]? MN] EE FS] SF N | & N | 9 N | 8 N ie 9 xN|9 MN] £ MN ] 6 N | 9 N | ? NJ? N | ? Nj] & N |?’ MN |S MN] S N OL € N | 8 x! S mn |] & MN |] S MANN |] ? ANN | 9 MNN |] 7 MN | S AN | — MN | & MAN | 9 MN cu + N|§& nN | S$ aNN | 9 MN | F AN | § ANN | F Nj] 4 N {| 4& AN |] 8 MN | & MN] 8 AN Fx 6 N | 6 N | 7ZMQNN | 4 N | 4 N | 6 AN | 22 MN | 9 AAN | 6 N|§ N |? Neale N Sr ° z N | @ N | © @NN | & n!/S N] & N | 0 a | © NN | & N | 0 L N eI L N | & @NN | © MANN ] 4 N | et Nj} or N Jor oN {or N | ot N | 4 ANN | OTANN | © AN Ir € MANN | 9 ANN! € MANN! 9 MAN, &£ MN | © AN | F n| 4 MN |] & N |?’ aN] 9 MN |] 9 MN or Lown | 2 MN: ¢? mn] * MN! S mn |] + MN] MN |S MN]? MN] YY MN] *% MN | Yo MN 6 9 MN b+ MN €& MAN > MN & MAN ° Ss ° ° ° ° ° 2 MSS 8 € mss | & mss | € mss | & mss | § mss | * Mss | & aS] & aS|o aS | 9 ase ° L ° ° S io | € N | ? ANN | © MANN | P N | § AANN | & N | ? ANN | $ ANN | S MANN 9 + aN i 4 MANN | 9 MNN / £ ANN | 9 MANN | 9 ANN | © N | 9 MN |? MN | ? N |? N | S MANN iS 9 Noa Nis Ni! ¢ Nig Nj 9 ANN | 9 ANN | ? MANN | © ANN | © °o MS bo ; Ss jo S| 2% ass lo | 0 6 asa | 6 a | St @ | St a | 81 asa ) 41 asa | co asa £ gr aSq | 61 asa , Of aSa | 9t GSH | & asa | be asa tr as | 41 gq | of gs | tr as | gt as | 61 aS z or aS | 8 aS | ¢ Ss | ° | ° MS | O° ° S| ° €& MN | & N |] & MN | *? N I | i IPHAL yor 48 | yo | q? ye HOON: yor ys yg ye qe &eq ‘M ,8€ (88 = 7 ‘N oF 9b = A wW9 2} Woy ploljaseesy ‘laquiaj}daG "TO6I [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 212 es [es ‘eS [Ls og Ly git jae jes [LS ¢ | ueayy 9 N | 6 N | 9 N | § ANN | S$ MNN | 4 MN [ 9 MAN | 2 MN | TIMNN |) EIMNN | CLMNN | Ot ON 1€ fone N L N v Ss ° € ANN ° ¢ N fo) N + q fod IN Il qSq Sr as of ° N | & Sm as | 1 as | && qs | o gn ] 0 N | 0 Sj; ° Ni€ N |? N | £ MANN 6z 9 MNN | CFMANN | 6 MANN | © MNN OCIMANN | 8 MANN | OT N | 9 N | £ WNN | ? ANN | > MANN | & N ge oO oO oO MN © MAN | oO MS bad MS fo) fe) v N € N 8 N Or N Le CTMNN | 72) N | STMNN | SIMNN | £1MNN | TTANN | FIMNN } ITMANN | 8 MANN, OF oN | ft AN | $2 AN ge ZI MAN Il AN Il AN €I MAN Ol AN cI MN Ol MAN Ol AN II WAN TI MN or N & N 4 r N | €& N] 4 N | 9 N ]| § N | © ANN |] 8 MNN | TIANN | 8 ANN | OT N | 6 N/]itooN te I N ot N Il N 8 N lq N € N ¢ N 6 N FI N €1 N Sr N oI N €e €&r ni] hr Ne No Ny L N |] 9 N | 8 nN | § N/} 8 N | 8 N | 9 NI 4 N oe 6 N 8 N Il N L N 6 N ol N ol N oI N ol N €1 N SI N £i N Ig fr N] mm N |e nN] or ni ar Ni] 6 N | © ANN | 8 MNN |! 8 MN | 6 N | 9 XN | 9 N oc + N ¢ N ° Ss ° Ss ° q fo) ° fo) ° oO MN ° fas N 61 fe} fe) te) fe} fe) fe} MS ce} as fe} N fe} fe) fe) fe) gr ° ° N fe) as ° fo) fe) S fo) q =z ANG ° Ss ° ° ° GI € S fo) Ss ° ° fo) fo) fo} fe) ° M fo) + aS € Ss Or v N | * @NN | 9 Ni € Nt N{|£ an] ? N | 9 MNN / § N | 9 MNN | €& Si; e& S $1 ta e ° fe) ° q Fd Ss fe) fo) S fo e I S @ MN fo N ¢ N v1 Lownie wile wilt wis mie wit wif wy wil? mult mnnf[o wn fr s N | § MANN ; § N/ §& N | 9 MNN | 9 MNN [9 MN | ? AN | © ANN | S N|§ Ni 9 N ae 9 n{/6& wit wie wn. 6 mn] 6&6 mnf{[S pit mn! 6 mele nla pnilié6 wn 1K r N | 0 hi N S MN | 8 N | 0 S |e aN | 9 MNN | & y | 4 N 9 MNN | 9 N oI L N | L N | & xn | 4 N |} 9 N/| 8 NI 9 No} Ss N/ 8 N | ? N | ? @ANN | €& GNN 6 € an | * ANN | © GUNN | 8 N | € @NN | 9 MNN |] 4 MANN | 9 ANN | L N | 9 N | ¢ N 9 N 8 8 N 9 N 9 N L N L N SG N S as kod qs | @ a a ° 2 SO N L ° ° fo} Ss c ss ° as ° ° ° i) as | © ° rs) N 9 ° N ° Ss = MSS ° as O° S S S ° = MN | €& AN | OC ° ; 9 ¢ ° s | & Ss | © s N/}©& MN] F MN YT Ft N | ? ee Nit x | § N i + AN t S mn |] £ MN; L ANN ] 8 N iL N | © MNN | 4 mnNN £ ANN | oO MN / 8 N | 8 I | 8 N & £ MNN | 9 Ni + N | OTANN | 8 MANN ! OTMNN | OTMNN | 6 N | & Nj 2 N/]& MN |? N e € Ss | 9 NE N | 8 N 1/8 N | 9 NI? Ni? Nj | S§ wel ego |S ae | I i a ae aes a _ | | PHN yor 8 9 qt | yz uoON yor 8 | 49 yr ye seq | | “"M ,8€,88 = 7 ‘N OF ol = 4 ‘pioljaseyy 1990399“ TO6T 213 WIND. 6S |r'9 xe) |r'9 |r‘9 jos pare) log |L°S = [Eo |gs joo | uvoyl z Nj o ° ° | + Ss] & MANN | 9 N/ TIMNN | © ANN | ? ANN | CTANN of tI N +1 N gi N Cr N FI N GI N 6 N 61 N FI N Cr N ol N TI N 6z esr N|€& aN} § ANN] & UNA] © S ass] > MN] 1 FINA! e qo °o ANH) O° ge ° fo} fo) N| oe q ° ot s 8 iS S Ss te) s!o ° . Le r Ss; § ass} ° 9 N) ££ MNN] 8 MNN | 8 ANN: © MNN) @2A\NN |] S2MNN | TEANN gz ZI MNN | IZ MNN} OF N| 6 N | 9 Nie ° ° ° ° ° ° Se ° ° ° ° ° 2 € ass) & ass e © MNN] & ANN} © z fo) € ass| & wyss | o ° G N]o ° ° silo ° | o € fo} fe) fe) fe) fe) fe} fo} fo} fe} fe) fe} fe} oS ° ° ° ° ° z= MS] ms) & Mss) et MS| & msg] ° a 0 1 o mi? ass) & N] 8 N | 6 N/} St Nfier nN; & N.S N;} 6 N} 6 Ni tr oN oz ei N| 6 NE S| ee N ] 8r N | oT N | oF N | 6 Ni Ss N| § N/] ? N| 4 FN | Ss N 61 + N| ? N| 9 N{ 9 N| 8 N} €& NI & ass) 1 S$; 2 MS 0° ° ° gi fo) fo) N 8 as 6 as Sr as rr as Lr as tI FT Cr q or S FI S Cr Ss Lr o1 S| et Ss | €& S| 6 s| 8 s| § S| £ ass) @ se & as} * asa] oe gt ° °. ° 9 MNN| 9 ANN | 9 MNN{ 8 ANN! £ MNN | £& N! 9 MNN |] 9 Nj} 9 ANN $1 8 MNN| 8 ANN! 9 MNN] 9 MNN}| 9 MNNj] © MNN] ? MANN] O £ ass| § ass| ass; It ass tr eI ass | it gSs | et ass} st ass; © ss | *I yss|] ot ass | 6 S| os) ft asa) 6t asa 41 asa er 6t as | tr asa) ot asa) o* asa | & as) 4t as} st asa) £1 asa | 9t asa | €2 as| €! asa) im gs er eI o6qsS | €1 was] ar | fe go} er gs | ar qs }-° ° fo) ° ° € S Il ° ° ° ° s| & N/> O° gs} *t as|/ or as} St as; St as| 8s as| oe N or ° ° ° o as! 2 FNN| & aN] 9 SS] 8 N, & N!/ or NJ et Nor oN 6 II N | 21 N | € N | 21 N QI N | 21 NJ] @ N It Ni; ort Ni El ANN IIMA\NN | ®TA\NN 8 OL MNN | OTMNN | © MNN| © ANN] TIMNN | TTANN] & MANN) £€ ANN | 2 No ° ° L fe} fe) fe) Oo fe} fe) fe} fe} ; fo} fe) fe) ASS fe) 9 ° € N|L N| 8 Nj; 8 N!| + N}]} 8 MN] 8 N 9 Ni 2 MN} & MN} St AN s 9 MN ® MN = MN] © 2 Ly}. S o MS| ° ' b+ ass: § ass; £ ass}; 9 SS bd s s| & S| 9 s| § eo 7 MM] ® Mss; * ONN; °° ON! S Ny]? ANN| 27 MNN € ZIMNN | ZZMNN | PIMNN | SLA\NN | SZM\NN | © MNN | 8 MANN) OTAINN, TT MNN i 22 MNN | @ZA\NN } ST A\NN z STMNN | SIMNM | €& N}] or NI & N}| oT MN] ? N' 6 nie N| 6 N|/ 8 N. 9 N I | rH ee a ae | “IPI yor 48 a9 a? We uoON | yor | 48 W9 | uP | We Avg i | 1898 —1902. No. 4.] ‘M ,8& 688 = ¥ ‘N oF 9b = & ‘piofjaserg “IQQWAAON ‘“TO6T [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 214 ob igs °S + |L-+ jos ss |S-s |z°¢ |o-b |g lob uve or ms|®& ms; 4 msi 4 ms] or ms|6@ ms] 6 msl s| 4 s |b s| 9 mss| ° 1€ 9 ASS Ol s]-L Sj o° as | & mss ° Mo fo) ° fo} ° ° of ¢ S| F iS > S — ass 9 S ol S Il S| vr iS II S 8 S II as | €% as 6c Tr as| et asa| © as] tr as] 6 gssj] 8 s| & S/ i sg] mm sg] tt asm} & as] Si as ge ol as rom as Oo te) fe) ca S oO S fe} Oo fe) Oo I S Le fe} Oo Oo Oo fe} MS fe} AN Oo N fe} M 8 MS fe} Oo Oo bok o aS | ° 6 ass} 4 as) 4 S| 6 ass] 4r asj & gs|9 as| ttmNm] & MN| @ ON se s s| § S|; * ws} o ms} S aNN] et MN] St mN] et mn] ot mN| OF MN] ? s|& S ve f oas|& as|o as|2 mio gH} ° as} 2 MN] ° aS] e N|° iS e ee te] Le} MNN O° fe) oO fe} oO ANN fo} oO fe) Oo N oO MS roxad te) ie) Oo fe) Oo fe} fe} oO Oo Oo Oo fe) Ia fo} fe} Oo Oo fe} ia q oO Oo Oo S fe) 9 MN 6 MN totes oF AN | © AN] © MN] 6- MN] ITMNN] St MN] 9t MN | 47MNN| 92 MN] St MN] et MN| & MN 61 eI MN) & MN | It NI] L. Ni 8 Ny ut N?/ tt NJ] i NJ] €I1MNN/ 21 MNN | tIMNN/ 22 ON gi 6 Nj) @TMNN} fT MNN | €2MNN | FIMNN| 8 MNN| + MNN | © > MNN | ? N} €& MN] © Li ° 8 MS; 8 MS} Or ms); & ms} 6 MS] 32 MSS} 9 ASS] © = MN | & S| § S gr s N| 6 N | 6 N|? Nj] 8 N}| 42 N]6& MN} TIMNN] & N/] St NI & N/}9 N sr L Ni * asi e ° o as |e ° ° S MSS | = MNN |} 9 MN] 8 MNN tr CTMNN | &T AN; S' MN] 9X AN! 9 MN] OT N]| OtMNN | CTMNN| £ MNN] © MNN| S$ MNNI 8 MNN er S$ MNN | CTMNN | OTMNN | OTMNN | @2MNN | Z2IMNN] ItMNN| StTMNN | 6 MNN| S MNN| 6 MNN| SON aI ° © ANN! + aN] o q | 0° € S]o ° ° ° ° ° II fo) oO oO Oo oO fe} Oo Lo} Oo fe} ANN I S Oo or ° ° Si s| & $| 9 aS) 8 S| or S| 6 S$; 6 mss} § Sj i $3) 20U. 8 6 8 S| 8 s} b s| - S$, £ ass} + S} 2% ass| = mss; = Mm] & MNN] * ANN] & MSS 8 2 MNN | £ MNN] £ ANN | © MNN | © ° ° ze ass; °o° mM] ° g s|° L ° € as. as) oe a|$ s| & s]° ° MN} © ° N/ § N/}4£ WN 9 9 Ni + Nj 9 N] ? Ns NJ] & ANN] 9 N > * @NN | 9 Ny] § N/ § N/S WN s ¢ N|? N;& NI] §& Nj] 9 N]| S MNN] © MNN | f2MNN] 2 oN] OE N)} 4 MNN} 2 MN + 8 N| 9 MNN; £ MNN] & ANN] 9 MNN| § MANN] ? MNN] S N| § N| 8 MNN] 8 MNN] £& MN € z N |? sb S| 9 s| & S| ? S} 9 S| 8 ass] € s| 4 S| ° ° 3 fe} Oo oO oO fe) fe) Oo ss fe} Oo fe) Oo fe) Bi “IPH qor u8 49 qe We YOON yor 48 09 qP qe &eq “M ,8& 88 = 7 ‘N oF ,9L = db ‘psiofjosery ‘roquia02q "1O6T 215 WIND. 1898—1902. No. 4.] or ry jor job |S‘ |S-h oF lob |g? cE jor lab | ueayy €1 s | It s|& ass | 0 as | ° o MNO A | °. oass| 4 manNN| © MNN| 72 MN, & N 1€ € s|S MNN] OF MNI| 22 MN] 2 MN] 22 MN] Tt AN | & MN | OF MN | 72 MNN +I WNN | 61 A\NN of OIMNN | PIMNN | OFMNN | POMNN | @DMNN | S1MNN] 2 MNN | 9EMNN | EP MNN | 22 MANN | SP MNN | 8 MNN 6a 6 MNN | IZMNN | OFMNN | 8 MNN | OF NJ] SEMNN I Ni ze oN] & N | 6 N] L Nort N ge L N|§ Nilo: N| 6 MNN| © MN] 97 MN] FF MN] E N]| ?t MN] © N| & WNN | ? N Le 8 NX] 0 N]|o s s] ? N | * MNN] ? Nj} © MNN | 9IMNN } 9 N} 2MNN | I2MNN ge Ol MNN | 6TMNN | 8TMNN | SEMNN | 47MNN | OFT MNN] PIANN | @T MANN 6 MNN | IFA\NN | 9 N|€& as Se - as | ° ° ° ° ° fo) N| o° ° qs | o SG N ° te oO fe) as oO ° ° fe) as oO € S v S ° ass fo) ass fo) Ec fe} S cS ASS io S Oo fe} fe} qs oO M be aS fe} S € S fe} S ce) oso s as | ° Nj] & Nj 9 Nj 9 N|? N| 9 N | & N | 9 MNN |] ° N | & N| ? N Iz 6 N o MN 9 S S Ss L S 9 ass v q ° ° fo) S ° ° os ° ° M| & MNN| 2 MN} © — MN] ° ° ° s|° s|& ms) § MNN 61 61 MNN | OTMANN | ETMNN | PIMNN | STMNN | ZZMNN] ELAINN | STMNN | TT MANN St MN] *2 MN | 6 N gi 9 N|§ NI] & MNN | ? s|€ ass} + ass]? as; *’ aS|9 ass] ° z S| o S Li ro) oO. fe) fo) S re) ° S fe) S 4 fo} S fo) fe) ce MS gI €& ms] & as | 2 fo) s| ? msm | & as| ’ aN} ° N|OMNM | £ ANN! O M | 6 N $1 or N| lt ann] & N|9 @NN| & N| 2? aNN]| €&! aNN| 8 GUNN] 47 No s N|o z Ss tr fo) S ° S fo) ° fo} oO MN ° 2 ° as fo) MS ° z M ° €1 ° o FAN} O N] o° z a} & ass] eo s| & ass] & s| ¢ S| & gqs|o I Fad > fo) ° > s} eo as fe) as oO as oO ° re) fe) ° Il S$ aN|9 Ni 9 NI] § N]| oO as| & as | o° s| § oes MLA a) © S| & as, * as O1 z ass|?’ ass; © ass} & ass | 4 si €& ass}| S wss} ° 2 MN| ? N| 0° N! 2 ass 6 s S| 9 s| ? S| o° s |b s|e as] r as|° as] ° S ° ° 8 fo) fo) G N fa N fo) MN oO ° fe) ° iS fe) fo) oO L ce} fo} Oo fe} fe} fe} fe) N ce) fe} fe} fe) S N 9 oO oO S fe) fo) MN re) Ss oO S re) ° MS ro) fe) ro) ° ¢ fo) ° fo} fo} S € S ¢ Ss v Ss ° + N ° N Li N + ¢ N 9 N ° MSS v Ss G iS fo) fo) as o ° {e) fo) ° € o as|eo° as} ° aie ass] & s| = wsa{ t aS | = asa | ° S|) 2 a} & as) & S z 9 Ss} & s| ? Ss} 9 S| 9 s| ? s|9 s| § s| 9 S| 8 MSS] &! MSS | Of MSS I PIAL yor yg y9 qh qe uOON yor ot y9 uP ye seq "M 88,88 = Y ‘'N yor ob = hb ‘psoltjaseesy ‘Arenue{ ‘ZO6I [QND. ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 216 ay € |bb gb € lob job |gé \L€ ab | uvafl €1 N VI N 6 N 6 N € aN if y fo) S € as Fad S ° ° ° ge ° o ° ° S$} ° N/)> 2° 8S} ° as) ° as} & mss} § mss; & ms | & S) Le ° UNN| & HNN| I ANA |] 9 MN] S MNJ] TE MN] & MN] OTANN | § N | 6 N | 8 UNN | 9 MNN OF TIMNN] &1 MN] 2F MN | 12 MN] ZF AN] ID MN]? Nj oe & as) oe ° ° Se ° & ass; ° aN] °msm] = ast! ? mN]O ms| co as| 9. asi o 6 as |9o as te € as fe) N ° oO S fe) ¢ N S N fa) ° ° ¢c Ss - S Ez s s| 0° 7 MNN | © ANN] 8 AN) OF MN] 42 MN) ZFS] OC ° ° ° ce: ° ¥ S| & ass | & S| % ass) 9 ass] L N/|& aN] & ass} & s| & s | § Ss 1G ° 9 ass} 4 as] § s|° Se Ss] o as | 0 M} ° MSM | © ° Ss |o 09 ° o as] e sj} o° s| & s| § s| t Soyiab s| $ Sa ees s| § S$} o° 61 ¢ ass|* ass| *MNN | £ ass| § gss; - ass] se as) t qs] oe cs ys] & s |e 4s gr € as | & s|§ Nj 0 N|& an] & mNN] & ON] & MANN] 22 NI it NX] & MN | $f MN Lr or MN! N}|S MAN | TTMNN}] FIMNN] EF MN] 2 MN | 6 MN] E N| 6 N| or N ] 6 N 91 8 N| ? N |! 8 ANN | © N| 9 MNN | 8 ANN] 8 ANN | 8 ANN} © Nee N/| of MN |’? MAN $1 9 MN] £F AN} © MN | OT MN] OF AN] FIAINN | CLMANN |] @2A\NN | 8EAANN | 6TMNN/ 6t ON | €t ON tr TTIMNN |] OTMNN) 8 ANN | © MN) OC MN | 8 MNN] 8B MN |] & N] § Nj o N|io o 6s er o € s| 0° 9 MmSs| © mss} P s;? ass] 9 Ss}? ms} & ass! ° ass | ° Ss 1 ° gs; & s| ? sj 9 s| 9 S| 9 Ss} 9 s| 4 s| § 5 | 6 si € s | 6 Ss 11 Ir S| =e asa} & S | or $| 9 S|; £ FINA] @ as | 8 Sj} ot Ss; 1 Sj; ° oI S or zr mss} © mss] tr MS | TE ws) et MS) Of AST €t qsa| 8 as} 8st mss, 6 $|o S|} oe S 6 © ° o e MN] ®@ Sj 2 Ss}? ass| 9 ass} § S$; © MSS] et ms | °% MSS 8 L S| ot S| 9 sj} & as | & as) 2 as | = as | ° ° alo z= as | © L zj Ss} 0° o MS | @ S| ° ° s|o° ° © MSA\ | © e qss |} ° aS 9 ° as ° as fo} ° AWN ° ° fo) ° as ° as ° ° fo} ¢ fo} ° ° S ° N ° N} O° MN] OC as °o FANT ° ° o ° v fo) ° fo} ° ° fo} ° Z MSS] ez as | o ° ° ¢ fe} cS S oO S fe} as fe} fe} MASS Oo WN fe} Oo fe} Oo fe} cS o ass} ° ° ° o MN|° aSsS}| & gst} ° ASa| = MNN] @ S| 9 s | 6 s I = IPL yor 48 9 y? us uOON yor 48 yo | uP ue fed "M ,8& 88 = 7 'N OP 9b = 4 ‘pioljaseey, ‘Areniqay ‘ZO6I 247 WIND. 1898 —1902. No. 4.| as ies r'9 L's $9 igs $9 aL \PL [rk jo'9 \69 | wey z s| 4 s | 4 s|? a|9 s| & s|9 s| 9 s|9 mss| ° € yss| & ass 1€ € ass| 9 ass|9 ass! 6 N| 4 N| 9 N] 9 ni & MN| 8 MN] 2 MN] PP AWN | OT MNN of @ MN it MN | 2 AN | TZTMNN/] © AN] &2MNN] & MN] OF MN | 8B Nj} § N| 6 N|? N 6 8 MN| & N|9 N| 8 MNN| St MN] 8 MNN | 2 MN | SEMNN | PT MNN | 97 AN €t MN | S2MNN ge sIMNN | It AN | @ MN| OfMNN |) 6& AN | 4 MNN] & MNN S MN] & JN] ° ° ° a Le o ass; 2 ° ° 9 s| - s| 9 S| 8 S| or s| St mss] # as] Pt asa 9z St qsa| +: as! 4t asa] 6: asa | ** asa | S¢ Sa Le qsq | 6 asa | se ass} 48 ass} 9% ass} &* ASS Se io asa) te asa) t2 as; 9! as| 6t as} 41 asa Lr qsq | & as| gt asa | St as| st asa] & 4S ve Lr asqy) St as) Ot asa st asa | 41 asa | 8t ASH | °F Sa | CF asa Lr qsqy | st asa] t! asa} © as ze ° ° z N| e ° S| ° mii MN] 2 ass] %® SNa| t MNN| © ass] ? S oe o ys, ° ° wl ag|\$ ass} @ mss] o2 gs) Sf gs) * gs) tt se) os 1 as 1z Sr as} mm gs] et as] et as} or as; Of aS] tt 4S vr s| tr ass | ot ass| tt ass | & ass oz tr ass | +r ass | tt ass] &! ass| #2 gS | et ass} Of S| % S| or S| 8 s| & s| & MS 61 —€ ms} © ° o ms|° as] °° as] 2 m|° m|2 as|? ass| S$ ass} § Ss gi € s; 9 ass| 4 ass| £ s| 9 MANN | © MNN] @a\NN | 4TMNN | 4TANN | TP ANN | 9TMNN 61 MNN Lr OI MNN | SEA\NN | STA\NN | 92A\NN | SEA\NN | ?2MNN | 27 MANN | 77 AANN OLA\NN | 9 MANN) ? MANN | & N gi b MNN | 2 € s| 0° ai ° a) ° ast & s| 2 as] & s| & ass | ? s| § S si s Slee s|S ass! ? s|° o ms|° s|°o Hs!|%® asi|t as] °2 g S vr € ass] 2 ass| + ass| 9 ass| & wss|e% as b’ ass| S$ ass| * ss] t s|S as| 9 4s 1 ° S ass] *’ ass} ° a|? ass| * ass} ° ° z ass} ° ° ° 1 fe) fe} fe} oO fe} fe} fe) fe} ce} fe) te} fe) It ce) oO fe} MN fe} oO Oo fe} ASA fe} cl fe} oO N fe) ce) ol fe) S fe) oO fe) ° oO oO ° S ASS F S fey fo) 6 6 Ni] & ms/ 2 ann/* An] & AN] 4 x| st mn | 4 mn] 8! MN/ 8t MN] 47 MN] ET MN 8 gt MN | *! MN] &2MNN | 4 Nj} 2 a) & s|* as|/° as} ° ° e 7 N L ° ° | O- fo} M2 fo) ° aq] & sj; o z Siz s|o 9 ° s 9 $i 9 s| & S| & Ss] 0° ° ° ° ° ° ° as S o FAN O° oe) ° sj} o° s| o° s]o ° a) & ee MAM | & N| 8 N % L N/€& N'& s| § xn] + agss|S as|?MNmM| 2 ass] & ass € ass|¢ ass| 4 S € s si o Nis ass|o as|/6& as} § as} ° + qs|o as|/& as;2# as|°2 4S zs ° | © | co) s| S$ ass| S$ ass; ° asd] 9 N| 8 MNN| @2MNN | & NI 8 N| #2 oN I IPUN | yor | 48 9 uP ye uoon, yor nts} 19 y? ye seq "M ,8& 88 = Y “N or ol = 4 ‘piofjaseey ‘yoaeW ‘ZO6! [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 218 ‘lady ‘Zo6l apy |L-b |e SS HS 9 1'9 [L's € |S € |rb | uvayt o as | 2 |e2 N| © MNN| fTMNN| Ot NIT 6 mN| 2 MN/[S& mnN/|S ON] ® ms] © oe S ass} & ass] o ° ° ° = mss} o ° ° ° ° 62 ° c S| & S| o Mi? sis as | o -ooaSs | & N] & Nj] o P AN ge Bo ASO = MNN| 9 JINN | 9 Nj] & S|*® as} & as) e z as] ° £ A\ss Le te) Sc S cS aS Oo Oo fe} I S I S fe) G AS fe} + S fekas ° ° ° as | o ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° S Se S ass] € S| o GC]. Se S|} o ° ° ° ° z AN | ° ° te ° fe) ° ° as | = as | $ s]é& Sle S; I gss] 0° fo) ° €e z as; & ss a ASS | o Ni & N| ? N{ o ° fo} as | o fo} ° oo 2 as)’ gs} 2 Nj; * MN; S mNN] ? MN] & mn] S mNN| 9 MNN| 2? mn] & omN| 9) MN ad or MN| & N| & N}& aN} @ N/ S$ aNN; 9 aON| * aN] 4 aN]! S ANN] & N| * aN oz © aNN| * aN} § N| 6 N| § N| 4 N]* UN} § aN] 9 ° yooms|) FMS 61 & AN | 8 MNN| 9 MNN| © MNN! 9 MNN/| 8 MNN[ t2MNN| 22 N| S N | 6 Ni it oN| 9 N gr + ANN | ? Nj} ®™MNN| © MNN/} © MN] @TA\NN] TEMNN| €& N| €& ANN] © e © a oO. fe) fe] fe} ° Oo oO fo} oO fe) fe} Oo OL es ass| & asa}! & as) ? Ss} & ms}|9 mss! ?’ mss| S| ass}? ms] rh ms] 2 gs $1 s S| 9 s|/*S ms] § s|& as} § s|9 S| 8 S| gss|9 as|§ ass} 9 S v1 yas 0 ° ° ° s|* an} ©®& MN] 4 mn] 0 by ooms} & mss) & ass er € ass | € ASS c MAS | & qs | o ° ° ° AN | © ° ° ° Sl # as|* @s|°: mS|8 MS} or ms| =f ms] ot as|6 wms| eo a} & ass| * ass} £ MNN II S MNN | £ MNN| 8 ANN] & MNN| 9 MNN/] TTMNN| 2 MN | OTMNN]| 2 MN | &t mN | St ALIN | StA\NN or St A\N | ©TMNN | STANN | S'MNN}| @2MNN | 6 MNN| OT MN] 6 MN/ 4 MN] & ON| & aN] O 6 i N| ? N| 4 N/ 9 N,|? N| 77MNN] 8 ANN) 8 MINN] °F MAN] TE MN | PEOMN 98% AWN 8 ‘t MN | 6 MN | St MN] It oN] 22 MN] 6 AN| IF MN| ¢ N|° ° 9 ° L o ast ° HSH) ° S MS}; 7 mS| 6 ms] es ass] * ass: N|) & MNN} TIMNN | 9t N | 9 TIA\NN | EXA\NAL | *2 MN | 9F AN | SE MN | & MN] &2 MN] 6 MN! * aN] S N{S ON} *t AN) s TIMNN STMNN | OTAANN TX MN | 9EMNN) SIMNN] 22 MNN | SLMNN | @ qa} o° N]° N]|° v ° y aN) § MNN| 9 ANN) & MNN | 8 ANN] f21MNN/ St MN] ID ON] L N| § N|£ aN g 8 MNN) CTMNN | SI MNN |] 22 MNN | 4 N | 12 MNN] JZMNN | 8 N|/ © MNN/} & an] ? an] & Ss z ¢ as; & as) ? N| 9 Ne N| ? N]° aS) t MN| @ s| oe & as| 1 S t PUN yor ys 19 q ye uooNy yor ug its) yr ye seq "M ,8& (88 = Y 'N ,OF w= b ‘parolposeey - =" Lg op gt igh es oF rs ‘ors |Sr g’P ioe has | weayy | 9 MNN| * MNN' £ ANN! € mn! S mn] @ N] § N/| 8 MNN| 9 N/| 9 N| 9 N| @ N} 1€ r N| 4 ONN | 8 N/ ot N]| or oN] 8 ANN] 8 AN| 8 MN| AN] & MN] 9 MN] & MN! of 8 MN; S MAN £ MN] §S AN) * MAN]? MN] O ° ° ° ° € S 6z ° ° z S| ° -omss}S ws] mss] * mss] & S| ° ° 2 ge ° S|] o c N € N|o N Fad N ° ° S ° I iS € S kad Ss Le ° ° N!/ & Ni? N| € N| § N/]9 AN! 8 MAN] © N} 2 MN] & N| © MN 9 8 AN 8 MNj| 2 N/ 8 N 8 AN 2 MN] 6 Nor N| ? N,? aN] & an] ° Se ° €& MN) & MN | & MN; § AN! © N|° s|° s|e S| & s| 9 S| ° % ° + N! £€ MNN; © MN] L Nj 6 NIL N/ 6 N| 8 N/ oI N]/] oe fo} ez € N{|° 8 MN/ 8 MNN | FI ANN | OTAANN | © MINN O ° ° a|e o | ee g aj)? N.§ N.§& N/ 9 N] 9 N] T7MNN | OTMNN | TTANN | TTAWNN | ?IMANN | OF ANN lz oTA\NN | 91 MANN! 8 MANN | 8 N | 8 N| 4 N]| @tMNN; 4 N| & N | 9 N] § N| ? ANN oz © 9NN | * NS 9NN! &£ MNN! £ N| § MANN] 6 N| 9 Nj} © ONN| & AN} 8 NY] § N 61 9 as | 6 as | oI as Lt as C1 qs €1 as | & as &1 aS; 1 as. €1 as | 6 as L iS gi 8 AAS; 6 MSS) 9 AS, OC ° o MSs] e is Ni} @ Ni? N| & NN); 4 MN bt 9 MN/|9 MN) & MN] 9 N| 6 N} 9 N| 4 Ni 9 Ni & N|) 9 INN | 4 N| 9 N gt : Lo saNN | ? N| ? N/| & N |e N|? Ne es NS N] § N/| eo ° ° Sr = * MNN;) & MAN’ ® MN] & MN O oo, MI 9 Sai s|4£ as; 4 asi 4 as; 4 as 1 S or gs 6 S| Ss; * as);6 as}o’° ni/& ni & n]|& ante N]e@ mn] ex ic to qs | -° z Se a s| z as]or ys | 0 ° ° ° ° cae ° S Ne oN) ® Ae a) mar Nj}? N| § Nj} & N| & N/| * AN 2 T MN; ? MN} & MN) MN; & MN] ®& MNT Tt MN; = AN] O° Be gl) 30 a as eas; & as; 2 as|* as!e as}9 as] ®& «ANn| ° 9 9 £ aie 6 ° z= as! S ms * MSS} 8 sib s| 8 s' 8 g9s|s as! as} 4 asi f as 8 E as 8 S + S € as ° ° ° ° ° ° € ass + S & z aw]? ANN! €& MN | £ MNi *F AN] 9 MAN] @ S$; 9 ss} tr as; = us| e ° 9 } fo) ¢ S ° as | € S z S fo} S S S cS as c as € N fo) + MN | ¢ f $§ MN); S MN! * MN; 9 AN] £ aN] 4 mN[or Nit N/& N]Q9 NI? N|®& aN F €& an} § MN: FS AN) & MN! £ ANN! 9 MNN] 9 ANN | 9 N| § Nj; ot N| 6 N| 9 N € 9 N/ 9 AN; 8 MN] £ AN! § MN! O s]e ° ° ° ° $s Ss z fat N c IN | ° ° ny S ¢ MASS 9 as 6 as 11 as ol qT fe) fo) I “IPI yor 48 9 q? ye uooN yor 8 Wo q? qe seg "M ,8& 88 = Y ‘N OF 9b = b ‘piofyaseey ‘AP “ZOGT 1898—1902. No, 4.] 20 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM 1902, June. 76° 40' N. 4 = 88°38’ W. ¥ Gaasefjord. Midt. ASCH OO ADTMOHDAMNAMOMNNNAAKOO 20ND MOM tp 3 2 3 fz) re] fF H 2a wn S a Zz ie ae ZNAAZ nw MS ioe) toh SE NO) OSCE Oe HEN IR On SUD eG) ctl EON OO: ie} Loa Bam pi 2 ® . ye a & Z, zBE BG 2 Dt Azz wo gh TAM AmM-AOAMODTNMNMNYO L699.) 2 2 Bem 3 64 pecans NAW A eet ten waen 6h tN OCOMmMTNATOTFTONTATHTOODIOArTTNNOO MA A Sees Saez wasy 2z aa Brann nnnnahabonnnnz 4h MAODNDDOOK—AAOHTHOONHTMNOEMErONADIOATNONT+H+A ial 3-4 3-71 4-4] gh 4.6 Noon 6 2 2 a 1oh gh ogamondranro BEB ses 4.1 3-7 6h 9:10 SPNAO O10 O80. OOO MS B18 a Be BF a Ue fea) za 2 Z4AN nngannnnany tTOMO+FTODAODDADDODTANOOMNAO+THH MNOCMMADO HH 2 = z 3 a S B F nae ra zezsanhn BAB ra Day +tTOMO-DODDOAOr-DODDNDOMNMNAONMNDOTEFAMMONMDMWO OD Be Z Bon BB & fx] n a UP : Z ZZZNNN NNNNN NN HAM +INO MO AO e o Il 12 13 I4 TS 16 T7 18 19 20 3:3 3-4| 3.1 Mean 1898—1902. No. 4.] 1902, July, Gaasefjord. Midt. WIND. mwrortnaranr~t+mao mo +TONN++FOO = ZZZzne oh I ZnzZzznhaznn ao 4-1| gh Maca MOO NO a Hh 6h AMDMNMNMMNNAADAMNDAMMAWHD NA» e 3 ae 2 n ip) Zz Eta 2 ZHZZNZANNNEZZHDGNEAZE E 4:7 4.6| qh HOO +E M+O+R + fx wn wn 4:9 gh 3 MONNONETNO +TADAMNMN+O -O ZB Z, BnnZnnnZnzan NW S ba F me Zo Noon CmMDMTNMNNerONUO CFrOOttO +r NMNA’S Buy 8 is Z Zz ZAZNNAZAAWN toh omtrtrMNANANOrOdOMNIONMN+rrOoNMNMNO +O o ak 2. eg a ZNZZnZ OD OH ZZnnzz BE 47 3-5] gh tTOODONIUMNMOIONMADOM+AT+TTOW M ea) WG ZZZN A2ZNAnNn ZAnnaea na 2.6 6h ANTODODOMAMIAMNDGIDODATANAWIMA we FB ZZZZ ZNZ n Znnez wz 28 t+MOOOrmrAAAMONAAMNAMMNIONA fk) gy ie) io) ‘sal HZ H 2 RAZE Ba Zz zzz znznn nahn 2.4| gh M+AMOMNNAErEerMdOdDCdDrTOMNMTMNTOM fy ZAG NaZAZD Day HAMNANOODAGHAM+ANOr-DO AD AH HR HHHHH Mean 221 goo H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM WIND. DIRECTION. Counting the number of cases in each month in which each direc- tion has been observed, and dividing the totals for each direction by the total number of observations made in the month, calms included, we obtain, when the quotients are multiplied by 100, the numbers in the following Table. These numbers show the frequence of the different winds and calms as percentages of the total number of observations made. The numbers belonging to the intermediate points NNE, ENE, etc. have been distributed evenly, each with half their amount, among the adjacent 8 principal rhumbs. The sum of the horizontal rows is 100. The last row in each month gives the means for the month. January. Year N NE E SE Ss SW w NW Calm 1899 34 22 14 2 a] 2 2 6 I4 1900 fo) fe) ° a5 2 0.5 I ° 96 IQOL 66.5 6 ° ° Io ° fo) 2.5 I5 1902 24 2 1.5 II 21 1.5 I 13 25 Mean | grr | 75 | 39] 34 9.9 ro| 12 5-4 || 37-5 February 1899 29 14.5 15 ° 5 2 5 5 || 32 1900 3.5 6.5 4 3.5 q 1.5 ° fo} II TOOL 41.5 4.5 ° 4 16 5 x 4 24 Ig02 24 2 1.5 II 2I L.5 I 13 25 Mean | 24.5 6.9 | 4.0 | 4.6 12,2 2.5 | 1.8 55 || 38.0 March 1899 31 20 I 4 6 5 22 1900 3-5 8.5 I ts 5 ° I ° 83 LQOI 56.5 4 0.5 2 4.5 2.5 0.5 2.5 27 __ 1902 13 iL 5.5 24.5 21.5 1.5 I 13 19 Mean 26.0 3-9 | 4.0 7.2 7-9 1.0 1st 5.1 37-7 April 1899 29 15 14 I I 4 4 3 29 1900 3.5 5 2 2 2.5 2 ° I 82 Igor 42 10 I 2 19 2 I I 22 1g02 21.5 q 1.5 II LL 555 ° 18.5 24 Mean 24.0 9.2 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 8.4 3-4 1.2 5.9 39.2 1898—1902. No. 4] WIND. DIRECTION. 223 May Year | N NE E SE iS) SW WwW NW Calm 1899 | 20.5 16 18 I 8 Io I 5.5 20 1900 2 555 6 10.5 355 I 2 L.5 68 1901 | 38.5 4 ° 6 27:5 6.5 2 555 10 1902 30 3 I 12.5 12.5 2 ° 21 18 Mean | 22.7 | V1 6.3 | 15 12.9 | 4.9 1.2 8.4 || 29.0, June 1899 2r 6 | Tes 0.5 27 16 4 4 | 20 1900 5 2 3 9.5 5.5 3 I 2 | 69 IQOI 35-5 6 | I <2 7 8 2.5 Io 9 __ 1902 T4 a I ay 28 Io 3 8 18 Mean | 18.9 | 3-7 | 1.6 | 95 | 19.4 | 9.2 | 2.6 | 6.0 || 29.0 July 1899 7 2 I xr | 285 31 715 4 |) 18 1900 3 I 2 23.5 15 I I 3 | 58 IQol 4555 6.5 ° I 355 9 4.5 aL 9 1g02 32 3-5 I.5 17 23.5 2.5 I.5 6.5 | 12 Mean | 21.9 | 3.2 | rr | 106| 15.7 | 109 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 24.2 August 1900 15 4 3-5 | 8.5 15-5 I 3 2.5! 47 IQOI 30.5 6.5 I 555 19 15 2.5 In5 | 16 Mean 22.7 5.2 2.2 | 7.0 | 17.2 4.2 | 2.7 qo! 31.5 September. 1898 39-5 24.5 II ° I I 3 12 || 8 1900 44 8 4:5 3 35 5 fl 10 15 IQOI 42 2 4 5 4 2 ° 30 II Mean | 41.8 | 115 | _ 65 | 2.7 | 2.8 2.7 3.3 17.6 || 11.3 October. 1898 40 24 15 1.5 4 35 3 95 9 1899 3 9.5 I 2 I 0.5 2 I 80 1900 26 17-5 5 9 9-5 8 ° 4 21 Igol 54 2 i 3 7 I ° 18 I4 Mean | 30.7 13.2 | 3.6 | 3.9 5.4 2.7 1.2 8.1 31.0 November. 1898 20 18 4.5 it 6 5 4 5.5 36 1899 2 I 2 q 2 I I 2 82 1900 42.5 18 fo) 1.5 13-5 7 rt 3:5 13 190L 31.5 355 2.5 Ir 12 1.5 0.5 10.5 27 Mean | 24.0 | 10.1 2.2 51 | 84] 36 1.6 5-4 || 39-5 December. 1898 28 21 4 rT 2 2 2.5 15 32 1899 2 I 4 15 2.5 r fo) ° 82 1900 56 4 ss L 15 3 2 25 || 23 I9QOI 20.5 1.5 15 9 175 5 I 16 28 Mean | 26.6 | 6.9 | 2.6 | 4.6 | 7-4. | 2.7 r4 | 6.5 41.2 ¢) H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM The Table shows that there is a prevailing uniformity in the distribution of the winds in the same month in the different years; that North is by far the most prevalent wind in all months of all years, with the exception of June, in which month — except in 1901 — South is a little more frequent than North; that the other wind-directions are relatively rare. The maximum and minimum of the relative frequency of the diffe- rent wind-directions are as follows: total number of cases. South. | Maximum p.c. Minimum p.c Diff. p. c. N September 41.5 June 18.9 22.6 NE October 13.25 July . 3.25 10.0 & September 6.5 July . LY 6.4 SE July 10.6 September 2.7 7-9 S) June 19.4 | September 2.8 16.6 SW July . 10.9 | Jan. March 1.0 9.9 Ww July. 3.6 March . I.I 2.5 NW September 17.6 March . 5.1 12.5 The percentage of the total frequency for the year is N NE E SE S) SW WwW NW Calm 26.2 7-4 355 5.8 10.6 4.8 1.9 7-4 32.4 The Calms are the most frequent, being nearly one third of the Of the winds, North is the most frequent; and next to it comes The least frequent wind is West, and then East. Taking the positive difference between the numbers in the Table on pp. 222 & 223 for the opposite wind-directions, e. g. N—S, NE—SW, etc., and tabulating them, we obtain the following Table, showing The Windward Side of the Wind-Rose. January. . February. March. 1899 I900 Ig90I 1902 ‘ || 1899 1900 1901 1902 = 1899 1900 I901 1902 = N 31 56.5 3 22.1); 24 25.5 3 12.3]) 27 2 52 18.1 NE 20 6 05 | 65]) 125 5 05 | 44|| 4 8.5 1.5 2.9 E EY ° 0.5 2.7 2.5 7 0.5 3.8 a @O oO 4.5 2.9 SE 0.5 3.5 : 1.5 1.5) 21 S) 2 45 8.5 SW 0.5 0.5 0.5 Ww I I NW 4 25 2 2.0 5 ° 2 0.9 4 0.5 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND. DIRECTION. 225 | April. i M | 1899 1900 Ig0I 1902 Mel is ns — Mt eeres e 7 ee I 1899 1900 IgoI 1902 1899 1900 1901 1902 = | N 28 or 23 10.5 | 15.6|| 12.5 HW 18.5) 9.9 27.5 NE ry. 3 8 415 | 68 6 4.5 fs 2.2 E Io 2 15 | 3.4]] 17 4 I 5 2 4 I I 9 0.5 7.5 I9 3.5 LS 4. 0.5 14 0.5 SW I 2.5 10 2 9 5.5 WwW 2 | 2.5 Lb 2 I NW 2 15 1.9 4.5 8.5 0.9 | 3.5 July. x August. ine September. 1899 I900 IQOI Igo02 Ig00 IQOL i 1898 1900 Ig01 o N 42 85] 6.2 11.5 5.5) 38.5 40.5 38 38.7 NE I 3 I 23.5 3 ° 8.8 E I ° 0.5 8 3.2 SE 20.5 10.5 6 Ss 21.5 4.5 : 0.5 SW 29 o 2.5 a7, I WwW 6.5 4.5 2.5, 1.5 0.5 2.5 NW 3 20 aya 6 12 4q 25 14.9 October. November. December. 1898 1899 I900 1901 1898 1899 I900 1901 1898 1899 I900 Ig01 N 36 2 «16.5 47 25.3) 14 o 19 9.5 | 25.6)) 26 48.5 11.5 | 19.2 NE 22.5 9 os. x 10.5]} 13 Oo IL 2 6.5|| I9 I 4.2 E 45 5 I 2.4 0.5 =#«F 2 0.6 5 4 0.5 1.2 SE I 5 5 0.5 7.5 S) 0.5 SW ° 3-5 WwW I NW 8 15 4-2|| 4-5 2 0.3|| 6.5 5 7 1.9 The windward side is the North side, in which months the South side is more frequent. The frequency of the calms will be treated of in the chapter on the velocity of the winds. The peculiar distribution of the winds at all the winter quarters of the Fram may, I believe, be attributed to both local and general causes. The winter quarters were Rice Strait, Havnefjord, and Gaasefjord. The general trend of Rice Strait is north to south, and the two fjords except in June and July, run in an almost exactly meridional direction. This circumstance goes far to account ‘for the direction of the prevalent winds, observed on board the Fram. 15 296 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARG. EXP. FRAM But Capt. Sverprue has told me that a northerly wind was also found almost continuously on the high land around the fjords. We find the general causes for the prevalence of the most frequent winds in the mean distribution of the atmospheric pressure. As it will be seen from my charts, Pl. XI—XIII, in “The, Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893-1896, Scientific Results, edited by Fridtjof Nansen, Volume VI, Meteorology”, there is a barometric gradient towards the East or ESE, i. e. a gradient for northerly winds, at the winter quarters of the second Fram Expedition, in nearly all months. In June and July the pressure is more evenly distributed around Jones Sound, and southerly winds take the place of northerly as the preponderating winds. 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND-VELOCITY. DAILY PERIOD. with Moun’s hand-anemometer. WIND. VELOCITY. 227 The velocity of the wind was measured at each observation-hour The friction-coefficient was 1.0 metre per second. Height of anemometer 6 metres above the sea or ice. The observations made at the winter havens are to be found in the Tables of Wind-Observations, pp. 177—221, together with the direction of the wind, and are given in metres per second (reading + friction-coefficient). WIND-VELOCITY. DAILY PERIOD. The following Table gives, for each month and year, the monthly means of the observed wind-velocities for each alternate hour, the daily means for each year, the number of days of observation, and in the last row the weighted means for each hour, showing the daily period. January. Year| 2b | gh | 6h | 8h | toh |Noon|) 2b | 4h | 6h | 8h | roh | Midt. ||Mean||Days 1899 | 2.1 | 25 | 2.6) 4.2 2.8 3:3 3.0 | 24 | 25 |] 35 | 2.7] 2.6 || 2.841) 31 I900 | 0.0] 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | OE | O.T 0.0 | 0.0 | 02; 02] of | oF || 0.07] 31 IQOI 6.6 | 69] 6.6] 7.1 | 6.6 7.0 6.8 | 7.7 7.3 | 631 5.7] 69 || 6.79]/ 37 1902 | 4.2 | 4.0] 3.5 | 4.8] 4.0 | 4.0 45 1 45 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.9 |] 4.21]| 31 Mean| 3.2 | 3.4 | 32/| 40 | 34 | 36 | 36] 36| 35/35 | 32 | 3.6 1] 3-48 February. 1899 | 1.9 | 2.4] 2.3 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.6 23 | 23 [| 1.7 | 22] 25] 29 || 2.27) 28 tg00 | 2.4 | 2.5] 1.6] 1.8] ro} 1.6 £6} Bs | af] £4) £9 | 26 1 9e 28 T9ot } 6.0} 6.6] 5.7 | 5.3 | 4.8] 5.6 6.4) 62] 65 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 5.8 | 5.77]! 28 Igo2 | 4.2 | 3.7 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 4.6 | 4.4] 42] 35 | 35 | 3-7 | 3.95 28 Mean] 3.6 | 3.8| 34/351 321 34 || 37/ 36| 35! 32| 32] 32 | 3.43 March 1899 | 2.2 | 24 / 2.5 | 29), 29] 2.7 || 27 | 22 | 26 |. 28 | 2.3 | 2.2 || 2.53|' 31 tg00 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.2] 1.0 | 0.6] 1.1 0.4 | 06 | 09 | 05 1 05 | 08 || 0.83// 31 t9or | 4.3 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 6.0) 6.1 55 | 61] 5.8] 5.8 | 555 | 5-5 || 5-63] 32 1902 | 6.9 | 66] 7.1 | 7-4 | 7-2 | 64 5-8 | 64 | 5-7 | 61] 5-8 | 5.8 || 6.43|) 31 “Mean | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.0) 4.4 | 4.2] 4.0 3.6 | 38| 38] 38] 35 | 3.6 || 3.86 April 1899 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 20| 26] 24 | 2.6 22| 24| 25 | 29] 22 | 23 || 2.35|| 30 1900 | 0.8 1.5 | 09 | 07 | 09 | 0.8 on | oF | Og | af I. I.0 || 0.88]! 30 root | 4.8 | 38] 4.3] 43) 42/1 49 |] 4-8) 5-3) 45) 48) 4-7 | 47 || 4-59], 30 1902 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 35] 34 | 5-7} 61 || 63 | 54 | 5.5 | 5-4 | 4-7 | 42 || 4.831) 30 Mean! 3.0 | 271 271271331 36 ll 34/34/33] 35 | 32] 30 || 3.26 228 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM May. Year | 2h | 4h | 6b | 8b | rob | Noon|} 2h | gh | 6h | 8h | rob | Midt.||Mean||/Days 1899 | 2.5 | 3.2] 28] 36] 3.8] 3.8 95136 )]) S4 | $9 | 30 |) So | ee0]] et Igoo | 1.8] ir 18] 12 | 07 |} 09 6) i) 22 ta | 23) 24 1.44|| 31 r90or | 5.2] 5.8] 5.5 | 5.8] 5.7 | 65 5:9 | 63] 5-3] 5-3] 5-5 | 4.6 || 5.58|| 32 t902 | 3-4 | 3.9] 48] 45] 5.0 | 5.2 || 46] 5-3 | 4.8] 4-8 | 4.5 | 3-7 || 4.53] 32 Mean| 3.2 | 35 | 3.7| 38[ 38[ 4.0 || 39] 42] 39] 3.7 | 36] 32 |[ 3-71 June 1899 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 47 | 43] 47] 5.0 || 4.2] 4.7 43] 45 | 45 | 4.5 | 4.58|/ 30 1900 | 0.4 | 09] 08] Io] 081) 08 1.2 Ey 5 | 2 | G28 1.0 | 1.04 || 30 IQOI 5-4 | 5.1 5.6 5.1 5.2 5.0 5-7 5.2 | 5-4 | 5.0 |, 6.0 | 6.4 5.43 || 30 1902 | 3.1] 3.4] 3.3] 3.7 | 42] 4.2 46] 4.4] 4.2] 3.7] 3.4] 3.6 | 3.81/30 Mean] 3.5 | 35] 3.6] 35] 3.7] 38 If 39] 40] 39] 36] 381] 39 ll 3.71/| July 1899 | 5.4 | 4.61 4.7 ]°4.8 | 44] 5.3 || 51 | 58] 53] 55] 5-4] 5-2 5-13 24 fO0G | £2) 1.2 | £2] nae] oy ES ro) 3.0 |-2a 2.2 Tey, 1.3 1.62 | 31 IQOI | 4.4 | 4.1 4:9 | 4.4 | 45 | 4-7 45 | 4.2] 4.7] 45 | 44 | 4.8 4.51 | 31 1902 | 3.3} 24 | 28] 26] 3.5 | 4.7 | S| AO | 40) ag 4.1 3-9 || 3.89/] ar W.M.| 3-4 | 30 | 33] 321] 32] 38 || 40/431] 40[ 411 3.71] 36 || 3.63] August 1900 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 3.1 || 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 || 2.30|| 9 toot | 3-7 | 4.71 4.2] 4-1 | 3.8] 3.9 || 40] 36] 41 | 39] 3.3] 3-5 || 3.90]] 31 W.M.| 29-| 43/39! 37/1 34/ 38 If 39/35/37] 351 32[ 33 || 3.58 September. 1898 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 33! 38] 25 | 2.7 3-2] 31 |] 38] 34] 3.1 | 3.6 || 3.33]| 12 1900 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 5.6] 5.0] 4.3] 5-2 || 56] 4.7] 4.7} 46] 4.6] 4.7 || 4.88]) 13 Ig0t | 60] 5.6] 5.3 | 5.9] 5.5 | 5.2 5:7 | 50] 46] 46] 5.3 4.7 5:29|| 30 W.M 50 | 50/53] 4.7] 47 | 52] 46] 451 441 47] 4.5 | 4.66 October. 1898 | 2.6] 24 | 26| 28] 24 | 24 3-3 | 32 |] 36] 3.3 | 2.8 | 2.8 || 2.84|/ 31 1899 | 1.4 | 1.8] m2 12) 62 | a8 02] 05! 07! 05! 06] 1.4 || 0.88 8 1900 | 5-9) 5.0 | 4.7] 46] 5.2) 5.4 || 5.6] 4.4 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 41] 4.9 || 4.73|] 32 Toor | 5.8} 5-7} 5-3] 52] 5.0] 46 |] 4.7] 5.51 5.71 5.31 5-3 | 5-2 || 5.27] 32 W.M.| 4.2 | 421 40] 39/39] 39 || 421 40] 41] 39/38] 41 || 4.00], | November 1898 | 23] 1.8] 16] 1.7] 1.5] 1.6 1.4] 16} 1.8] 1.9 | 23] 1.8 || 1.78]| 30 1899 | o.r 0.9 12] 06] 02] 0.8 08 | 06 | 04 | 04 | 0.6} 0.6 || 0.60!) 30 1900 | 5.2] 5.9 | 5.0] 62] 69] 6.2 6.6] 5.5 | 5.5 | 63] 6.2] 5.8 || 5.94|| 30 1901 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 63] 5.7 | 60| 6.x 5.9 | 62 | 61 | 6.7 | 62] 5.9 || 6.06]| 30 Mean| 341 36] 35/36] 371 37 [[%7{ 35/35] 381 38| 35 || 3.60 December, 1898 eq bes 2.2| 2.5 | 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.8 | 2.5 Ly 1.8 1.96|/ 31 1899 | 0.6 | 09 | 05] 09] 07] 06 09 | 06] 0.3} 02] 04 | 04 0.58]| 31 1900 | 4.9] 4.7} 4.8] 5.5] 40] 4.3 4-4] 4.0 | 5.4 | 4.8] 4.6} 4.8 |] 4.69]] 31 t9or |} 4.6 | 4.8 | 490] 5.1 | 5.5] 5.5 5:6 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 5.8] 4.6 |] 5.031 31 Mean| 29] 3.0/ 31] 35 | 32 | 31 | 3.2] 28] 29] 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.9 || 3.07 1898—1902. No. 4.] WIND-VELOCITY. DAILY PERIOD. — 929 When the weighted means are plotted, it is only in a few months, e.g. May and July, that a regular daily period appears. Taking the means for the seasons and the year, we get 2h | 4h | 6b | gh | toh |Noon| 2h | 4h | 6b | 8h | roh | Midt.|| Mean Dec.—Feb. 32 | 34 | 3-2 | 3.7 | 32 | 34 113.5 | 3-3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 32 | 3.2 |1 3.33 March—May | 3.2 | 3.4 | 35 | 36 | 38 {| 3.9 || 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3-4 | 3-4 || 3.58 June— Aug. 3:3 | 3-6 | 36 | 3.5 | 34 | 38 113.9 | 3.9 | 30 | 3.7 | 36 | 3.6 || 3.65 Sept.— Nov. 43 | 42 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 |] 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 || 4.090 Year 3.50| 3.65 | 3.60] 3.72] 3.60] 3.80]) 3.82] 3.75 | 3.72] 3.67| 3.55 | 3-52|] 3.66 Smoothed | 3.54| 3.60| 3.64] 3.66] 3.68} 3.75], 3.80] 3.77] 3-71] 3-65] 3.57| 3.52/| 3.66 In winter and autumn there is no appreciable daily period, but in spring and summer there is a decided maximum about, or some hours after, noon, and a minimum in the early morning hours. The smoothed numbers for the mean for the year show a very regular daily period with a Minimum 0.30 a. m. of 3.52 metres per second Maximum 2.30 p.m. , 3.80, - 3 Range 0.28 = - + 230 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [QnD. ARC. EXP. FRAM CALMS. DAILY PERIOD. Counting the number of observed Calms for each observation-hour and month, and taking the means for each hour (weighted for July, August, September and October), we get the following Table. January. Year | 2h | gh | 6h | 8h | roh |Noon|} 2h | gh | 6b | 8b | rob | Midt. |/Mean| Days 1899 | 12 7 9 6 3 3 4 8 8 4 7 6 6.41) 3r 1900 | 31 30 29 31 29 30 31 31 30 30 30 30 30.2]| 31 190r | 5 | £7 4 8 6 7 5 6 5 8 8 7 6.3]| 3r 1902 | 12 14 I5 14 I4 14 Ir 12 I2 13 I4 Ir 13.0]| 35 “Mean | 15.0] 14.5 14.3| 14.7] 13.0| 13.5 |} 12.7| 14.2| 13.7| 13.8] 14.7| 13.5 |} 14.0], February. 1899 | 12 q 12 II 12 9 } Io Io 15 13 9 12 1r.0|| 28 1900 | I9 17 20 21 23 20 || 20 21 22 22 22 20 20.6|| 28 IQOI 9 8 Io 12 Io 8 | 6 8 8 It I2 9 9.3]| 28 _1902 | 14 I2 Iq Io tI 8 | 8 9 10 Io | Io I4 10.8 | 28 Mean | 13.5| 11.0| 14.0| 13.5] 14.0| 11.3 | 11.0] 12.0| 13.8] 14.0| 13.3] 13.8 |! 12.9]! March 1899 | 9 | 14 | 9 5 9 | 7 8 | 12 | 10 8 | 15 | 13 || 99] 31 Tgo00 | 26 22 26 25 28 26 28 28 27 28 27 24 26.8/| 3r IQOI | II II | 8 8 9 8 Io 10 9 Io 4 6 8.91) 31 _ 1902 8 9 6 | 6 9 Io Ir 9 II 9 I2 II | 9.3 | 3L Mean | 13.5| 14.0| 12.3| r1.0| 13.8] 12.8 || r4.3| 14.8] 14.3] 13.8] 15.3] 13.5 || 13-7|! April. 1899 | 12 12 is ig 9 8 |! 10 Io I2 9 13 IL 10.8, 30 1900 | 24 25 26 27 24 24 27 24 25 25 25 24 25.0|/ 30 IQOL q IL 9 Il Ir 8 9 6 9 6 7 | 8.4}! 30 1g02 | 12 13 10 12 6 7 || 6 q 8 7 9 8 8.8 I 30 “Mean | 13.8] 15.3| 14.5] 15-3] 12.5] 11.8 || 13.0] 11.8 | 13.5| 11.8] 13.5| 12.5 || 13.3 May. 1899 | 11 9 | 11 6 | 4 5 8 | 4 6 7 8 | a1 75, 31 rgoo | 22 23 23 22 24 24 ; 20 17 17 20 21 22 21.3) 31 Igel | 5 5 5 6 | 4 3 1 4 | I 3 2 2 8 4.0| 3r _Igo2 | 11 II 8 9 6 6 a | 4 4 2 6 q 6.8 3r Mean | 12.3| 12.0| 11.8] 10.8| 95| 95!) 9.8] 65] 7.5| 78] 9.3| 12.0 || 9.9) 1898—1902. No. 4.] CALMS. DAILY PERIOD. 231 June Year | 2b | gh | 6b | gh | rob |Noon|} 2h | gh | 6b | gh | zoh| Midt.||Mean Days 1899 | 9 7 5 7 4 6 a 4 |10 | 8 | 9 | 9 T-1|| 30 Ig00 | 27 24 23 ar 24 23 20 26 17 2I 20 20 22.2 || 30 1901 | 4 4 4 5 8 6 5 4 2 6 2 4 4:5|| 30 1902 | I2 pad i 9 4 4 3 3 2 a q 8 6.5 || 30 Mean | 13.0| 11.5| 11-0| 10.5| 10.0] 98} 88| 93] 7.8] 95] 9.5| 10.3 || r0.r|) July. 1899 | 5 6 7 8 5 4 5 4 6 2 4 3 4.9|| 24 Ig00 | 21 22 22 18 24 20 17 10 rg I5 18 20 18.3 | 3r tgor | 4 4 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 2 3 4 3-1) 3r 1902 5 5 q 6 6 3 2 I 2 | 2 || 3.3}, 20 W.M.| 9.4] 9.9| 10.2] 9.0| 102] 7.0 /|) 7-3/ 5.1] 5.7] 5.6] 74] 81 |) 80 August, 1900 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | Bo) 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 4 || 44, 9 r90r | 6 6 2 3 al 7 || 6 1 6 5 1 7_||_ 5.8, 3t W.M.| 60] 60[ 27| 35] 65] 61/1 53] 6r| 5.5] 5.2{ 61| 63]) 5.4! September. 1898 I 2 2 I 3 4 | 2 I 2 2 2 I I.9| 12 1g00 | I ° I I I ° I ° 2 2 2 I I.0]) 13 I90l | 3 6 4 4 4 5 I 5 6 6 4 5 5 4.81] 30 W.M.| 211 37/ 29] 26] 32] 36| 34| 35] 42] 32] 36] 3.2} 32] October. 1898 | 4 8 1 q 6 | 10 | 5 6 6 7 | Io 9 71) 31 1899 | 7 7 8 8 8 6 | 8 q 7 8 7 1 73|| 9 1900 | 5 8 9 | 10 | 5 iu | at} | 7 | To 9 | 10 5 | 7-7\| 31 1901 | 6 | 6 | 6/7 geoh sor ltsgn ge hae [oe Bes tf Bal Lae 7:3|| 31 WM; 52[ 73al 741 80] 62] 84] 72] 67] 7-7] 80] or] 70} 7.31 November. 1898 | 18 16 Iq ty 16 19 17 I5 iy 19 14 £9 16.8 30 1899 | 27 25 24 27 28 25 23 25 27 26 26 23 25.5; 30 1900 | 4 5 6 5 5 | 5 4 4 7 4 2 | 2 4-4 30 IQOI | If Io 9 | Io q 6 6 9 TL 9 Io i2 |i 9.2/| 30. “Mean | 15.0] 14.0; r4.0| 14.8] 14.0 | 13.8 || 12.5] 13.3] 15-5) 14.5| 13.0| 13.5 | 14.0! December, 1898 | 17 I5 13 12 13 15 12 14 5 IL IL I4 I13.5]| 31 1899 | 26 26 27 26 24 26 25 25 28 29 28 28 26.5|| 31 1900 9 Io 7] 8 Io Io IL 9 7 8 8 7 | 8.7 | 31 1gor | 12 9 | 12 12 13 | 12 || 9 | 212 13 | 10 8 | 11 BH ar Mean | 16.0] 15.0| 14.8| 14.5| 15.0| 15.8 74.3) 14.8] 15.8[ 14.5] 13.8[ 15.0 || 14.9) 932 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM By plotting the means, we find a regular daily period, with a maxi- mum in the night and a minimum some hours after noon, only from April to July. The means for the seasons (Dec.—Febr., etc.) and for the year are 2h 4h 6h 8h | rob |Noon|| 2h 4h 6h 8h | rob | Midt. Winter 14.8 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 14.2 | 14.0 | 13.5 || 12.7 | 13-7 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 14.2 Spring 13.2 | 13.8 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 11.4 || 12.4 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 1.1 | 12.7 | 12.7 Summer 9.5 9.1 8.0 7.7.| 89 | 7.9 Fit 6.8 6.3 6.8 a4 8.2 Autumn 4 8.3 6.1 8.5 Bie, 8.6 BI 48 9.1 8.5 8.6 7.0 Year In@ | 11.2 | 10.8 | r0.7 | 10,6 | 10.9 || Io,0 9.8 | 10.4 9.9 | 10.7 | 10.7 Smoothed| 11.1 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 10.7 | 10.6 | 10.3 || 10.0 | 10.0 | ro.1 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.8 The numbers for the year give a regular period. The smoothed numbers give a maximum at 3 a.m. and a minimum at 3 p. m.; range 11.1—10.0 = 1.1. 1898—1902. No.4] WIND-VELOCITY. ANNUAL PERIOD. uss WIND-VELOCITY. ANNUAL PERIOD. M.P.S. - Year January February March April May June 1899 2.84 2.27 2.53 2.35 3.20 4.58 1900 0.07 yt 0.83 0.88 1.44 1.04 IgOI 6.79. 5-77 5.63 4.59 5.58 5-43 E908 #20 395 |. 643 | 483 48 3 8r Mean | 3.48 | 3-43 | 3.86 | 3.16 3.71 3.71 Sm 3-36 3-55 3-58 3-47 3-57 3-69 Year July August September October November | December | \ 1898 3.33 2.84 1.78 1.96 1899 ots 0.96 0.60 0.58 1900 1.62 ! 2.30 4.88 4-93 5-94 4.69 1901 | 4.51 3.90 5.29 5:27 6.06 5.03 1902 | 3.89 Mean | 3.63 | 3.58 | | 4.82 | 4.00 | 3.60. 3.07 Sm. 3.63 3.90 | 4-30 4,10 | 3:57 3-31 minimum of 3.31 m. p.s. in December, and a chief maximum of 4.30 m. p.s. in September. Range 0.99 m. p.s. There are secondary minima in April and in July, and secondary maxima in March and in June. The mean for the year is 3.67 m. p. s., corresponding to the Beaufort Scale 2.6. Smoothing the weighted numbers for the mean monthly frequency of Calms in the Table on pp. 230 & 231, we obtain the following figures, showing the annual period of the frequency of Calms. January February March April May June 38.5 37.8 38.2 26.3 31.6 27.8 per cent July August September October November December 27.3 24.6 21.3 28.2 37:8 39-9 per cent Annual Mean. . . . . . 9324 per cent Maximum December . . . 39.9 — Minimum September . . . 21.3 — RMNBE: oa ee ae we ee EE The annual period of the frequency of calms is very nearly the inverse of the annual period for the velocity of the wind. 934 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM It appears from the preceding Tables that the velocity of the winds, and the frequency of calms, have varied considerably in the different years, or, as a closer inspection has shown, have been rather different at the various winter quarters. This is shown by means of the following Table, in which V indi- cates the mean velocity of the month, W the prevailing wind-direction, and C the percentage of calms. Rice Strait | Havnefjord | Gaasefjord I Gaasefjord II | rw ec! vow c | ewe | V Wwe 1898 Sept. 3.27 N_ 8* 1899 Oct. 0.96 NE80 1900 Sept. 4.87 N 15 |T9OI Sept. 5.29 N rz” = Och 284 N 9g | — Nov. 0.60 SE 82 — Ost 4.99 N er — Oct. 5.27 N 14 — Nov. 1.78*N 36 | — Dec. 0.58 N 72%) — Nov. 5.94 N13 | — Nov. 6.06 N 27 — Dec. 1.96 N 32 jrg00 Jan. 0.07°S 96 | — Dec. 4.69 N 23 | — Dec. 5.03 N 28 1899 Jan. 2.84 N 14 | — Feb. 1.71 NEq1 roor Jan. 6.79 N 15 1902 Jan. 4.21 N 25 — Feb. 227 N 32 | — Marcho.83 NE 83 ie Feb. 5.77 N 24 | — Feb. 3.95 N 25 — March 2.53 N 22 | — April 0.88 NE82 | — March5.63 N 27 | — March6.48 SE 19 — April 2.35 N 29 — May 1.44 SE68 — April 4.59 N 22 | — April 4.83 N 24 — May 3.29 N 20 | — June 1.04 SE 69 ss May 5.58 N10 | — May 4.53 N 18 — June 4.58 S 20 | — July 1.62 SE 58 i June 5.43 N g* | — June 3.82" S 18 — July 5.10 SWi8 | — Aug. 248 S 47 | — July 4.51 N ot] — July 3.83 N i2 | — Aug. 3.90°N 16 Mean 2.98 21.8) I.I1 69.8) 5.20 17.0] 4.84 2O.T The second winter quarters, the Havnefjord, is remarkable for the low velocity of its wind, the great number of calms, and the prepon- derance of southerly or south-easterly winds. These winds have been prevalent in 6 out of 11 months, while northerly or north-easterly winds prevail only during 5 months. At the other winter quarters, northerly winds have been pre- valent in almost all months. The velocity of the wind is higher, and the frequency of calms less, than at Havnefjord. 1898—1902. No. 4] GALES AND STORMS. 235 GALES AND STORMS. The number of days in the different years and months on which a wind-velocity of 15 metres per second and above were noted at the winter auanent are | Year | Jan. | Feb. i - i: April | May | June July “Ang ‘Sen Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | | | i : r t- : “t \ 1898 ° i oe | | 3 - - ot ole - - ° I ° ° 1899 | ° o | 0 o | 1 lo ° - - ° rs) ° 1900 ° Eh <6 ae oe | ° o . 0 Oo ¢ 4 3 ° IQOI 7 10 | GO i} vob * sa ut we ° o 1 3 I | 6 5 1902 6 ! 2.1 | 7 | ¢ | 0 fo | oe - ae - Mean| 3.25: 3-25] 4.00, 1.75) 1.25] 050] o | o | igen! 1,85! 2.25| 1.25 This gives for the year 20.35 days with winds of a velocity of, or above, 15 m. p. s. or 33.55 miles an hour (8 Beaufort Sc.). The second winter haven, in Havnefjord, from September, 1899, to August, 1900, had only one case of high wind, namely, the 3"? February, 1900, when at 6 p.m. the wind was N, 15 m.p.s. This place, as shown above, had very quiet weather in all seasons. The Table above shows that there is a well-defined annual period in the frequency of the strong winds. The maximum is in the winter and the beginning of spring (March 4 days); the minimum is in summer; while July and August have no strong winds. The distribution of the strong winds is shown by the following Table, which gives the number of the directions noted in each month. N NNE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW NW NNW | Sum January... 8 I 2 5 16 February . . 6 I 3 I I 2 3 17 Maron: « x « 4 3 g % I 4 3 3 21 April 5 3 8 Maye ea a I 2 I 2 I 7 June. .... s September . 2 2 5 October... . s 3 I I 8 November. . 4 I I 2 3 y 13 December. . I I 2 2 6 Sum 23 5 I 8 16 6 9 3 L 15 17 102 Percentage | 22.5 4.9 Io 78 15.7 59 69 2.9 1.0 | 14.7 16.7 100 From NE, ENE, WSW, W and WNW, no strong wind occurred, 236 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. — [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM The most frequent strong winds are from the north quadrant, and North preponderates with 22.5 per cent. The southerly strong winds have their maximum at SE, with 15.7 per cent. Easterly strong winds are rather rare, and of westerly there are none. A velocity of 20 metres per second has been observed on 9 days, in February, March, April, September and October. Velocities of 21 to 37 metres per second were measured on 6 days, in February, March and September. The greatest velocity of the wind was measured on the 25*® March, 1902. From midnight to 4 p. m., the anemometer indicated over 22 m.p.s., and for 6 a.m. the journal gives as much as 36.4 as the reading, or the velocity corrected 37.4 m. p. s. (83.7 miles an hour. Beaufort Scale 12). 1898—1902. No. 4.| CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 237 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. The following Tables contain four columns for each month and for each even hour: 1 (Am.) The amount of Cloud, o indicating clear sky, 10 overcast. 2 (Dir.) The direction (from) of the movement of the clouds (true.) 3 (Fm.) the form of cloud. oa Pr.) Precipitation in the form of Rain (®), Snow (%), Hail (4), Fog (=), Haze (%). The exponent ° indicates slight, the exponent ? strong or heavy. [QND. ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. ‘raquisjdag ‘“g68T ! . | | 9s | | | of | Sg | o9 g's | 6S|| ueoy Espo, apor = IO] A] of SIO! A) of is} aj 4 S| A] o8 OD] ag] 9 of ° ID} aS | of DO] N] ot ° IO} N | of ° 6z Ss q or || 5x qN q | z01 n9-4S aq oI IS | AN 8 S| AN s 2 Be 7 IS N | ot-° 1S N | of 1S N | 2 ° ° Le ; ; SIO | Nj 0% iS) AN | 6 iS| AN | 6 ADS; MN | 6 ge oe a N)d3S | AN | 38 nO7S| Ni] &@ nN94S N | 0% nS N } o® |, qN 20% Se ae N 2 nd4S| an | & n4S} a} 8 no4s; al § J"03S| AN | § S| al] 8 be 3} as "| as| § IT | MN] ? 94S | MN | 6 nO3S| MN | & N33AS | MN] 8 fe aN} MAN |} -°r qN | MAN or aN | AN or qN oI GN | AN | z° qN | MAN | ;°2 Ze BO} ON)|| - @ 1 N | ot ie) N | of ie) N | of ° ° ae aN S | sf || aN S: |)g2t NO4S S | 0°f qN S| EOF BPD): S:\] 702 ngs I Oe iS a oI iS ck oI ng4S a! or OI Or or 61 | | ay | qd | ‘uy wy | qd | wy wy | aq | wy ‘wy | aq | ‘wy ‘ug | ‘iq | ‘uy ‘wy | ‘mq | ‘wy | " } Sale| Was i l : | pno[D “pnol) “pholy . “pnoyD ? “pnoD 5 “PnolD i uoOoN yor 4g 49 q? ye | “Mm LS hh = y 'N OP gh = A “Hens sory 239 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] ‘raquia}dag ‘868T | gr | | | eS | | | or | | xe) | | 6S 9S || uvayy = 3S or | => IS 1) = 1D} AS | oF = ISTO! AS] o8 | Blasts] as] of | =H lyst] Al o9 of wt} a SF ISD] aS | of 10| AS | of | ° 10] aS |} of ° 6z ° fc) is| IN| 9 qN}| AN | ,°2 qN| AN | ot QN| GN | 2° ge fo) ° ° | 31S | AN | of ° oO Le ° ° ° 10] N/ of ISI! ON |] of wt} NI] oe gz IS|MN | of nQ-4S of 1934S] AS | 08 GN | MN } 2° nD73S} N | 06 nj7S} AN | 6 Se foha n9-715 | MN or nj-4s ol | ng-4s N | 08 n9-4S N or 0197S | AN 6 te ww} Te si Al} ft ie) I S| aS | @ | as} € SID; aS| & &e n19| Nj 9 qN| NJ] oF qn] N| Ot lox GN} NJ} OT! OK] GN] NJ] 09% lok | GN/| AN | OF we ng-1s | MN 6 aN 30 ng-4s N + 1 ng-4s N or ng-34S N g ng N | 2 ig IS} N]| © |, nas} al 9 nQ7S| 2] 26 | QN} S| o2 a} S| ors GN} S| oF oz nj4g; S| oF | nas; S| 6 wt} sil ro ni, os! ? nl si & | n3S} Si! 8 61 tl wy | ug | wy | wy | Iq | wy ‘ug | “Id | ‘wy ‘uy | “mq | ‘ay wy) mq | ‘wy | ‘wg | Ig | wy a | I ‘Id “Id Id ‘Id if : “pnoy he “pnoyD “pnoly “pnol ‘pnoyp “pnoyp poe PIN yor yg 49 at ye “A LS-obl =7 N 97,9 = 4 ‘pens sory [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. | |9°9 Jol | lok | 39 | vo | | |e9 uvay 1) 2 : : Ss ° IS ° ° ISD] S| o9 1€ el) eld S ie ° ° IS| AN | o? S| aN | § of . or WS} Alo 14S! FT) o8 IS) A] of SI! A] oP ° 6e wt) a be 2 a : WD) A] of 1) B ° 4S o? ge 0 ° 08 ol ° Le i 8 Ne IS] oN | 09! nD7S| AN | of aS 0% aS or 1S 6 gz 23S) AN | o1 qN} No oT |, |NO-3S} N |] oF qN or |x qN oI ||, qN or Se IS N or qN N or Ss ol qN ol aN or IS or te IS N or 4S or iS or IS or iS or qn or && oe or ING zOl ng-34S or iS ol IS or qN ol oe 2 s ns oe AN | of n71S| AN | @ ° ° ° Te | N | 2% S N | of ° ies o oe | ” au = oX aN Or |x qN o1 aN o1 ||, qN oI ||, aN o1 61 ° = 0 IS] M | 08 S| Mj} oF qN or qN or qN o1 gi ISD aa IS or IS | MN gol IS gor IS oft ro) Lr ° ° fe) fo) °o QI : aN . * qN or |] x qN oI or ||, aN or |, qN or $1 a ze * qN z0L |) xk aN gO ||, aN 30! || qN zOT ||, aN gor br spl s - noas| os) L nS) S| 06 IS} S|] of ° ° €r %S) S| o n43S| S| 6 IID}; S| 09% 10! S| 08 TO] S| of ° G1 * aN g°t |) x aN z0r || xk qN} S| 9! |x aN} S| sl |] x qN z0l ||, qN or II ' aS 3e 10) N | 0% 9} oN | 0% 0) z +) € IS1D € or DS |ANA | 9 13S; AN) 8 S| AN | 6 nS; NJ] oF nS} N | of S| Nj | oF 6 a N = aN N o GN} N | 2°! aN} N | 0 nD3S 6 IO; MN | ? 8 ! M ae S10) AS | o ID; aS | & 4S oI IS} S| ,Or Zw] S|] 8 L S| oN oak IS) Nj 09 DO} NJ ot 1) of n93S & S| MS] §F 9 ‘ ‘ a ee S| A! 8 4S or IS o1 4S or 4S 8 $ é S S oX WS S| (OF qN 9°! aN o1 |i, qN or qN or + oX qN o°f | Ok aN o1 |x qn] S| oF |iox aN or Il, aN or |x qN or € ek qN. zor ox qN. zo! ok qn zor ok qN z01 ak qn or ax qn or c 3S) 6S] 8 ‘ QN;| S} oF IL QN, Sj ze! || = = oo == IS eS S or I wy | ag | wy | wy | ug | wy ‘wy | ug | wy | uq | wy wy | ad | wy wg | dq | ary “Id = Ig “Ad ‘Ig "s, me “pnojp “pnoyg “pnoy “pnoyy i “pnoy a “pnolg Aeq uooN 7 yor 48 9 qe qe ‘MLS PL = 7 ON OF BL = A pens ary 19q09Q ‘“868T ise) te) 944 nonoo nad i) ° ia ° CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. ZZ | | es Le iS A ee i et ee eeu s i = f I ° IS 1D 1 |i ISD & ° I ingag MS 9 — Ss | 09 n1g as | “9 | nD3S| aS | oF 93S) AS | oz of /43SIO | AN | 09 S10) AN | oF | IS| AN | oF | S| AN | of nj3s| a! 6 6z IS) A] o& ISM | of ie) oro | S| oN of S| ON 08 ae : fo} ' | fe) i | | ° ; | ° WD, N | of | SWI] N] § S| N 9 9% | as} an | of n4S, N, 6 i! N/] on) S| N| or liox qnN| N/{ oF Sz | 4s o1 | 6 IID! N |] of IS, Nj oF IS) N; 8 te , as: o1 aN; N/ ox aN) N| or), aN; N| ot qN; N| oF Sz ! 1s | ol \ IS , or 1S or) 1s or S| aN 6 ee © _ © 19) Nj ofl 1) oN | oro 1] oN | of Ie rr : 4 RS i asl ni ory lagtl nl oe S| N| ot oz 1 qn i | or ' an | Or : —w | or | 1931S 6 n94S N 8 61 / aN oI aN or ' aN | Or, qN zor qN “| or gi \ Ss) oI i 1S | ol | S| oot | — = 1S gol SID 06 Li I ° | ° ° i ° Oi N | 9io QI m 64g z 1S 9 is! AS} 9 | S| aS | 28 WD] S|] <9 Sr / 4S| aS] ft IS} AS | 1S q ies fo) fe) ° €1 IS i ° ° fo) ° fo) oI | 1S 4g | I Ss ot ; ° ° ° IL ie) | 1D, + ° | ° S710 of ° oI aS | as| as| 6 1] at ge | an 6 | ° ° 6 : ISD ° ° ° ° ° 8 | n973S ok GN | OL 4S oF SID ot ISD oe WI] A] sé L STD ox qN gor IS 9° 4S oot IS1D oot n94S oot 9 | n9-4S NAS} M | oF 1S | of aS of aS 0% ° g | ° 9) oto ° ° ° b ’ IS iS N | of 4S No}. 92 IS1D| AN | oof ND4S or IS oot € D / 49S) ay 4 IS| AN | of iS] Nj 8 I) ON | o? ° @ aS IS) N | 0 WI] N | of ° aS oF 2 oF E] 1 wy | wy | Iq | ‘ay ‘wy | aq | wy ‘wy | Ig | wy wy | iq | wy wy} mg | wy “ag “ag “ag ag “Ig —|| 1g fea | pno[D pro) pno[D pno[d “pno[d uoon yor 4g 49 yP ye “mM LS pL = 7 'N OF gL = 4 ens sory ‘1QQUI2AON ‘868 I 943 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898— 1902. No. 4.] | | be | | | Lee | re | {x ue fe) ° fe) fe) fe) fe) o€ IST | M | of S10) M | oF ISTO] MN | of ISTO|MN | of ° ° 6z IS y \o*k | aN or ||, QN| AN} 9F |i qN OT |i aN Ol 4S oI ge IS19 08 ISTO | AN | of ISTO | AN | oS ° ° ° Le S19 ot ISD of ISO oF ° ° ie) “oS ge IS S| 9 1S Sjol |= $3] S/o |= iS} as | L S10] AS | of IST] AS | oF Se ° Wt} AN | 1 ° aN | 0° aN} 0° S19] AN | €& te ° IS19 S | 09 ISD] S| o8 ISD) S|] of IS} N] or IS} Nj} oF &@ 1S or aS oL IS or qN or qn or qn or SS o Qk aN O1 QN} S} oT |Iox aN} S| °F jo aN} S| 202 aN} S| o1 Iz ° IS I S I IS I 4S I nj4s 9 oz ° qN ° iS z S z 4S z S| a2} 8 61 : ° [o} ° ° ° ° gr 5k aN | 6 |i, —S € ox IS 9 jo NDIA 6 1S 9 |iox* qN or Lr : ° ° ° ° ° ° 91 i | 0 ° ° ° ISIMN| T 7S oe cr 9 i 0 ° ° ° ° +1 | ° ° o |1,0 ° iS Ad} of 1S q I €x ° oO P fo) fe) fo) ro) or ° o |i,c« ° fo) 1S s IS + II IS|MSM!] FT ISTO|MSM| 1 ° ° 1) I 18) € Or — ° ° oO II, s ng3s or ng-3S Ss or 6 ° ° ° ° ie) S I ° 8 ° ° ° ° ISD o! ISD s L aS z IS] Ni st |x aS aP ° ISD 9 ISO of 9 ° iS} AN} 2 ° ° nj37S| M | I ISD] M | 0% s 1S of ° fe) ° ° ° + IS} ON | of IS] AN | of IS] AN | of S| ON] o& IS} N | 0°12 IS} ON: 0 € is} pol IS 9 | = IS or) = or 1974S| AN | 9 DO] a | a& z IS N z S| AN | of ° ‘OIANN | 1 Sl NY] oz S| oN | 09 I wy | Ig | wy uy | Iq | ‘wy ‘uy | ud | wy ‘Wy | Iq | wy ‘wy | Ud | wy ‘wy | ud | “wy “4 sl eag "1g “1g “1g - “1g aad) 2 a “pnoig “pnolg “pnoly “pnola “pnoly “pnorg ne APIA qor 48 49 ye qe ‘MLS bh = 7 ON 9b gl = db “ens ary “IIQGWBIAON ‘'S68T | 11s : | [Ler | | br | | | 60 | Or | Orr usp a i io my) Got pel oo al st] al @ 1S I 3 ie x 1S | z i asp € 9D) MI @ ie) I ID ae Sa ° of ie o* D | @ il,w lagi € ° 1S I 0 |l,e« ° 6c By 1) ON, 0 e 10} ON | oF 19] oN |} of ie) & ISD & | ge a | 1S | an | o1 | 4S! AN | 09! IS10] AN | 08 10] AN | of IS| AN | of S| AN | of | Le 3 o® | aN | or aS oS | Tj of ID} N| & |e ° 0. 92 | ID) No oF 4st) NI] § SID ot ISD or ISD or SD or Sz ai ° ° « ° fo} ° fo} be ai ox 1S ot | | IS L ~ Ss | 9 Io” o |, ° ° ge a | i o i fe) : fe) fe) oO oO oo aa © 9 - 2 loi? ° ° ° Iz f oO fe} oo fe) oO oO fo} o% fo) ° ° fo} ° ° 61 yO IS of 1S of io ° ° ° ° gi So, 4S | oe ISAD | MS | of is| MS | Of ° ° ° Lt S : 3S of ° ° ° ° ° 91 O | ° fo) ° ° ° ° C1 oc | ° ° ° ° ° ° Fr 2 | ° ° | o ° ° ° €x 4 | ° fo) | 90 fo) ° ° ei Qo | ° ° ° ° ° ° Ii = iS | of iS of ° fo) ° ° or A ° ° iS S I °o | ° ° 6 2 ISD | € 46 of fo) ° | fo) fo) 8 = ' o | ° ° fe) ° fo) t s i a) i ° ° ° ° ° 9 -| 9%} 38! oo aS € S + ISD oF 1S s ° s a o | ° STD) ON | oF ° ° S10 of + S| 8 | IS N | of So o IstD N | 06 ISTO] M | of € o | fo) oO re) oO fe) ba fo} | ° fo} o | ° fo) I ee ere | | | | | (ug | Id | nun wy | Iq | “ay ‘wg | td | Wy “wy | Id | ‘wy wy | aid | wy my | Id | uy “Id E- se a ated “Id Sd | : ad a as 2 aa “1 Keg “pno[a *pnold “prod | pnold pno[D Pno[D | uooNn yor 48 u9 q? ae DW; S| oF ee ° ° S10 ql fo) ° | i ° Ze ° ° 1S aq < fo) ° ° is ° ISD I ID] N | of ° ISD of oO oz ° ° ° ° {o} ° 61 ° ° ! ° | 4s s IS s IS 9 gi ; ° ° : ° i | o 1,0 ° 16 S }| 0% Lz i fo) ° fo) 1 @ ° ° QI ° fo) ° ° i ° ° Sr | ° ° ° ° i ° a) PL | ° : ° ° ° | ° a) €r | ° ° ° ° ° fe) cag 1 ° ° ° ° fo) S| AN | of II ° : ° ° i ° 1S € IS of oI ° ° ° ° ° IS], Sl gd 6 : a) ° Ss z | ° IS z 1S I 8 | " 10 i 0 a) ° ° ° ie | i io I 9) i) | ° ° ° 9 : | re) \ | ° 9 Ih 1S GZ |n 1S an | eo IS Ss € ¢ S19 1 lasso _ 02 ° ° ° ° + aS o? |; Of ai of 1 FT| 02 ° ISD] A) 0% SID} A] o9 € i ' a) | ; 0 ° o ° ° g \ | o | 0 ° ° ° ° I kh i. | == oe Breet Ie ‘ug | iq | ‘wy lung | aq uy Uy | aq | ‘wy ‘wy | mg | ‘wy ‘ug | iq | ‘wy ‘wy | ug | ‘wy i : ae [let “d Ig "a ase es “a | “pno[a ie pno[9 - pnor9 - “pnop “pnoD a “pno[9 keg PIM yor us u9 a? ye MLS tl = 7 'N 9% 84 = 4 “yeNS ary ‘AIqWI999q ‘gESI [2ND. ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 246 | ‘Arenuel ‘6681 | [or | | or1 | | Lo uve aN OL an or |iok aN OI ||, ° iS C4 fo) ré +) tO i) 1:0 Ist ot i) ol 1D} MAN | of ° of aS of 4S z S| N| & ISD $ wD) AS | 0% IS] N| 8 6z IS or iS 8 | al § 4S @ 4S 8 4S I Be ° fo) fo) ° ° ° Le ° ° 1D | MAN | of S o ° 9% ° ° fo) ° ° 1) z Se SD of |] as oF |, | 3S oT 1S of ||,% Oo |lge? 9 of ve ie S ot |,% 1S ol lo” ID oft iS ol ID rt lo fo &z ISD + SD 09 jox 1S g |l,c Ss € |],00 © ||,00 ° Zz ISD of S19 o? Ste) N| * swt} NI & ISD o® ISD ie 1z ° ° ° ° ° ° for oe Z| S| SF [lw ° |ok iS o1 ISO 6 |, aN ¢ IS|MN | € 6x Ne) Aj} 0% 2) a | of 1D 0% ° ° ° gr 1S vile is 9 ISD A} oF ° ° ° Lt SID of IS z S19 oF o » be on ISD of ISD 0% WI] A] ot ° ° ° SI ES) 0% ° ° iS N I I ° Fr ISO of 19 0% IS] S|] ot ° ° ° ex Oo Oo Oo Oo o co} or IS I ° ° ° ° ° II ° te) Oo fe} fe) o OL ° ° ° ° ° ° 6 e) Al of ° fe) ° ° ° 8 1S S-o ° ° ° ° ° L ° oO |i, ° ° ° ° 9 aN or |x qN or ||, 4S o1 ISD oS ° ° $ ° ° ° ° ° ° + iS of ° ° ° ° ° € oO fe) oO oO ce} fe} a iS I IS I ° ° ° ie) I I Beas a ee (Od ag “Way | Ig | “ay ‘wy |) Iq | “uw Wy | qd | “ay ‘ug | “AId | “wy | wy | qd | wy Id ; Id Ad 5 “Id 3 “Id ; “Id : seq pho) “pno[a pno[D pnold pno[D | pno[d uooN yor q8 q9 y? | qe “mM LS obL = 7 ON OP BL = 4 “HENS sory 1898—1902. No. 4.] CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. | | gro rr | jor | | &r | | br | | | &s ueayq 9 ° o |, ° 1S & lx an or an or 1€ fo) ° ° ° ° ie) N | oto of é ° ° ° fo) ° IS + 6ze aN or aN oF aN Os IS1D| AS Oz qN oF S| as on ge ° IS ol ° ° ° ° Le oO Oo fe) Oo 1) 0 I 19) 0 I-0 Lek fo) ° ° fo} fo) fo} Se ID q ie) a | of 8) a q ID a | o® o He) N | 0! be ID N | 2 ISD of STD aT | 0% SD 0% STD 0F {10% 4S of &z o® | ISO € b 9 | ISTO oF ie) z S190 I DO] NY] & Ze i) I ) z ||,0 rt N € ||, ° |\,« IS S$ |},20 1S € Ig S ¢ IS N | of S N | of ) N i S$ N | of S$ N I 0% ° ° ° so @) of IS of IS 9 61 IS|MN | & 18) of S| A] of S| a} or S| al 8 sw} ay} 4 gi ° ISTO 02 ISD of S 02 IS of IS ot bi ° ° ° 0, a]! ID] FT] oF IID] A] of g1 ° ° ° ISTO of ISI of |[5% | ISO oS $1 ° ° ° ° ° 1S N | of bi ° 9 ° ° iS) of SID of €1 i ° ° ° ° ° ° oI ° fo) re) fe) O° IS I It Oo o fe} te} oO fe} or ° ° ° ° ° ° 6 © e c. © S| M ] of IS] M | 0% 8 : fo) ° ° fo) ° ° L ! ° ° ° ° ° ° 9 ° ° ° fo) ‘1S I 6 + S ° ° ° fe) fo} ° + IS | € IS or iS or iS € iS z Ss So € ° fo) 1S ol oO oO oO fad ° ° ° ° ° iS I I ‘uy | ‘Iq | ‘wy ‘my | ag | wy ‘un | Iq | ‘wy ‘my | ‘Iq | ‘wy ‘wy | tq | ‘wy Way | ‘aq | ‘wy “d a, “a ~ oe al aT aakaunmmee| | (ie: “a a *PnoD a “PnolDd . “pnory “pnoyy : “prod - “PnolD od “IPI yor y8 49 yq? ye ‘mM LS bl = 7 ‘N OF gh = & ‘Arenuef{ ‘6681 Weng ery METEOROLOGY. = [2ND. ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. 248 i | r€ |e | jae | | jor 6x | | 62 uvay o fe) ° 10) gio ° 7 9 Be ISD € ie) Ff i) A | ot-o fo) ° fo) Le 0) N | of pe) N | of SD N| ? ISTO N | of S| N| 9 ae) N | o9f 9% ID! S| of IS} S| 09 4S | o$ S10 08 WI] Ss | of S19 oot Se ISTO or ISD 09 ° ISD at 1S of | S| ot ve IS S let 9 S | ot Ss I 1S I ° ° €e see) of ISD 0% ° aS ot ie) s ISD 8 ee ND4S| AS | 08 nOWS of nS | 0% 1S & ISI] AS | of 2. ae ISD I o ° fe) oO fo) ok.4 WI] aA | of ° 1949S L WI} aA] 6 ss) oF 1D or 61 IS ool Ss or ISD s ° ° ° gi IO] S|] oF WI} S|] 8 nD4S, S| oF s| S| 8 ng4s 9 IS] S|] & br IS ol ° 1S I 1S 0% 1S) of 1S or QI ie ol IS-V gio 1S of 4S I ° ° Sr 4S of 1S of IS I ° ° ° br IS of |,” iS o? IS: or ||,” S| oI 1S | or IS or €1 oO 1S ot P fe) | fo} °o fo ol S| AN 0% S| AN 02 41S S | °o a °o II II | AN | oof WO} AN | oF IID es 4S | r o 2 oF IS oI IS!/ MS] oF IS| MS | OT ' ° fo) ° 6 ° ° ° | | ° ° ° 8 ° {10% S| ON | oF S| NJ] 0% [0% | | ° ° ° L ISD oS 1S of iS, ON | of ° 0 |I,00 oI 9 4 ISD a | of WH) A! of | i o a) i © ig iS oF iS 901 1S! oe [1% | ‘ ° IS ae S| Ss + II MN! I ° ° ; ° ° | ° € S I 1S € iS 9 Si N!/ & | 4s z 4S z z IS N! of 1S N | of ra) 4S €-2 || 7 ° i ° ||, IS | € I | f way | Sid? | “ay: ay | qd | uy | my | qd | wy ae my | Id ; Wat |G. | Cay ay | ad | “wy og | aa - Ig ee Pal ee ead eee |e es Ca aoe ke pno[) Pno[y “pnopD pno[D “pnoly “pnoly uoON yor qs 49 yr ye “Mm {LS bl = 7 ‘N oF gl = & ‘Aseniq3aqy ‘6681 Wes ary CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | [re | [Sr | [or y | | | $3 | nas | [ee ueay | o ° ° ° ° ° gz je © ° ISD ¢ ISD s SIO of Le | 90 ° ° | ° ° ° gz re re) to IS} S| or geo 4S or ||, IS Or wl] oS] Lb Se ISD i ISD oP ISD) Sj” oe | 1819 oof |, | ast or 2 | ISO a? ve D S | st Ss Sh ar ° i ° ° ISV at € @ fey o | fo) ° Sy I So isl ass IS 3! o | S| AS | o@ SO] AS | oF S10] AS | oF a ° ° DD) tO aS iis? IS of 4S of 08 ° ° eo _ 0 1D) S| oF ISD] S| o& 61 nj4s or nS Or no4qS| as; L ISD | Or ISD or IS o8 gt o ° S| aN | of a) fo} nj-34S S| 6e EX ° ° o ° ° 4S or gr IS ot || Ss or IS} S|] or. wD; S| OF ws] S$] 6 ° Cr S| I 4S of o | , 0 ISD of ISD of or ol 6 o | | ° ° ° €1 1S OL o o ! ° ° ° aI 2 15% 9 lor | ° = | = 2 S| AN | of bs iS I 4S I 4S } 1 4S es St z S19 z OL 0 ||,20 ° |,% IS + IGx qNj| NJ of ~| N| § IS oo! 6 ° ° ° | 0 ISD 0? ISD of 8 : | ° ° IS} M! Qe ° S| MS | of ° L p32 °. ° 0 ISD ok ISTO of 9 ! ° ° Dl oN, oto DO} N: oro| ° I) @ | oe s | o ° 4S I ISO poe ISD oo! 1S ool Ms Ss or aN z0l |x qN zor IS jE Ngee S 9 wt M) § € ° ° ° ° ISD gt ISI of z iS | of 1G ae ° | ° ° ie) N | to I ‘ung | ‘dq | ‘wy ‘mg | ug | ‘wy wg | ig | wy vay | ug | ary) ‘uy | ug | wy ‘uy | ud | ‘wy ; I. : ey “1 I d 1 is ‘pnol _ “pno[g az “pno[g . “pno[y . “pnolg a “pnog At PUN yor ys qo q? ye “m (LS bh = y NN Ob gh = 4 “Hens sory ‘Aleniqay ‘6681 [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 250 ‘TILA 66ST peep ee ee | |e] |__|go_|_wean i) iS Or jn Ss | ot j,00 |ND-71S oot is - I r | Ip 1-0 1g ° ° Ij| AN 1-0 ° o | 1S 62 of sD of Se) s| & sD S | ae ny € oO! ° 6c 1 NJ} oF | NI of SIO) N| of 1D) N| oF SN) & wt) NY] & ge ISTO of i710 | of Ist! MS | 09 St ° ° ° Le ° S N I-0 1S N I-0 ° ° ° gz ° | ° ° fo) ° ° oe 1S S 6 —ISt Se} eS 1S of fe Isp af —I wD + tz ySrlD 1-0 SD ol 1S S| at ° ° ° &@ ° J) AN I-o S| AN G °o ° aS I oS 0% Ss OF 1g a) Or |,p% 4S oot 4S ol qN OL ox ING or IZ nis; S| 8 ist sj - WI] Ss] oF 9] S| o& ° ° oz WD] AS | oY ° ° ° fo} re) 61 i) ° ° ° ° ° g1 ae) ° ° ° ° ° Li | 0 9) N| oto S19) AN | o@ ° ° ° 91 ° SID = is} as S-I ° ° ° Sr isto) al of ISD) a 9 ) FZ] & ° ° ° br 0 | ISTO] AN | of tO) AN | © |. |8OIS| AN 7 4S EO 1S TQ 1S | AN 1-0 €1 > fe} Le} fo} fo) se) ot Oo or SID ot Is) av. 1S 08 ° ° : ° Ir SID; Al oF iS} A] 8 Is oot ° ° ° ox 1S ot iS OL || ° ° ° Sj € 6 is! Al oe nis] aN: & | ny-15/ oN] OL nj39;) N| o1 of iS I-o|] -g ISIN z sD | coi 1S q z ° ° oO, L ae) | fo) j fo) fe) fe} ° 9 oX | 3S10 [| ISD s IS; NJ of | Nt ° . ° S I~| AN; § | ° ° ° ° ' ° + | ° } ! ° ° ° ° ° € | °o | | °o fe) ro) fo) oO z | © | | of ° ° ° ° I | { \ = | wy | Id a wy | tq | “Uy | ‘uy | ud | Wy ‘wy | Iq | “Wy ‘Uy | Ad | ay ‘uy | “rd ey] : | “ig wg aq - | aa - ae : i} EE ; keq “pno[y “pho[y) | phol) | pnoyy phnola if pno[D | | uoon yor \ ys | y9 q? yz i “mw LS bh = 7 ON OP 84 = A cneNS ary 251 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | Jorr | | &x | |6o1 || | | re [ee | | [es | weeW ox iS 8 ||* | 4N or |, | aN or lok | aN or |, | 4N or || Jc aS RS se SV = as'V of ISV oe ISO of a 2 : ° aS I Ist or | ISD o IS1D © sto ot Ol] 6% ° fe) °o | fo) N ° aslo N | of gz ig} N| &e 4S 09 S| MS | of WS ot0 ° ISTO of Le 4S 1-0 aS z ° iS) AN | G2 ° to) al ot 92 ° ° ° | ° ° ° Sa co) 1S I ISTO | MSS] of | nj7s! MS | 8 nj73s| MS | 8 nj4s| MS | 6 be IS z ISI 2 ° qs | or Is-ID at IS gl € fe) fe} fe) | | fe} oO ° oS aS 1-0 aS s ngs or |,k | aN or ISD of st = lz ok | aN or |,k | aN oo! 4S o1 nag; S|} oF ngas| MS | 8 noas| $s) 6 oz ° ° tO 09 ISO | 08 SO oot ISO of 61 ° ° ° ° ° ° gr fe) ° fe) fo} ° fe) Lr re) gt 19 | AN | of oe) I is) AN | & ° ° gt ° o 1D) of aS g aS 09 sto of Sr ° ° a ° ° 1) vee My aaa wD a ge +r ° ° SI] “a | of ISD | AN | of ISO] AN | 8 isto| AN | * er ° ° ° ° ° ° fe} OL ° ° ° 4st ot ISO of | ° Ir ° ° aS at | alte lke | ax] ales] | asl a[8 or ° e ont we) oF | a) 0°! jIStO| | of 6 6 ° ° ° jj ° SID! a | of 8 1S of 1S " 1S o || IS 1D or | ISI oe ast € L ° ° Oo: | { j; of ° ° 9 ° ° oi ages, Pet | | [sg at ISTO | ON] of g ° ° | Sl ey | we alse | is} NI @ is| aN | b ° ° ai | ee a ° ° € oO oO oO | i | o f | oO 19) S| gt z 3G ° {| 9 | | ! | o | ! ° || I9 | Bx) I _— = a | ‘aq | id | wy ‘ag |g [wy ‘wy | id fags I wa | “ud fas ! ‘wg | td ad ‘wy | iq | ‘wy I : Ale me I ey at ak ee W acy 2 “a “pnory - “pno[ pno[y | PmoID “pnoyy “pnoyy oe PUN yol 48 : y9 | yP ye “mM LS bL = Y 'N yr gt = Ab yweyns sr ‘Ye ‘6687 [2ND ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 252 | Jas | | | 6-4 | | Ly | | |r | | lob | | es Uva 1D | 1-0 }IS1O| AN | & IS1D| AN | of | i) an] ? ISO] AN | ? S| AN | °F of ok |ND3IS;) N | oF lasto] NY] § Sip)! AAT] & S19 z ISD + aN oI 6z nS |ASa | oT qN| aS | 2°! nQ31S| aS | Oo njQ3S] as | 6 nj3s| as | o2 n94S 6 ge WD, A of ie) I-o S10 I-0 SID 1-0 ° ° Le mys Sy fF. m97S| S| 8 nD4S|mss| + nQ4S|MSS| & nD4S |MSS] © m41S| Sy 2 9e °o | ° ° ° ° Ss 1-0 ce o | ! i) I ° ° ng at ng a] @ te ° ° ID] gq! of se) o® SIO ‘ol ° &e | fo) fe) ° fe) ° fe) oS Oi NY] of | Ol] N | o& wt! Nf S19 oe ISD oP ISD oP? 1z ISI | of | | S19 of ie) ei ie) o@ iS of IO] MS | of oz WI! M | oD | ISD | M | of 1D] M ! ISD z S ¥ ISD s 61 sO | ad: l4gg z ° ° ° ° gi ok qN | ot 15k qN or ||, qN 01 |x qN 301 |x qN Ol |loX qN ol br oX Ss) oF IS of lok qn or ox aN z0L || 1S Ol |X S| MS | 702 gr ID MS | of ° IO} MS | ote IO} MS | 2 ISO |MSS| 9 || IS} MS | Q2F Si wD US| CB fasta} Si of S| S| oF Ww} S| | wo] 6S | 8B nas} s| § br n94S) M | ot | 1 AN) MA | 292 n4S} M | et 4S or |; aS or | 4S ox 1 ISD | of | IS| MS | of ND-IS| MS | of S19 L ISD ie ISD z oI ax qN | ol lak aN or |\,x ING or ng3s oP! lio JaN OT lick qn or Lt St; S| ot ee Ie 6B | 8 ler sl} s| 6 WI] S| oS IS] S| oS Hove iS] S| 8 Or % (ISD S| 9 ow Ist] s| - wt} S| 8 f 4a} S] © | ww) Ss} € | il S| oer 6 a) IS | (OT 0 3s Sj} Ot |i,e 4S oo! | 4g 6 |, 4S 6 | aN o1 8 ho ee or | x } eel se |) ant ork | aN ork} 396 or aN zor |b 0 | ISD) 69 Ie ITD |MSS| 0B | 0% |MOIS) MSS FE | #19 MS | 21) iO} mMs | t IS| MS | of 9 oX qN' MS | °F jax qn| MS | of |x qN| MS OT 1k | aN or [i,k | aN or ||, qN o1 s wt) oo | SD of ISI| N | oF aS ot || ° ° b i ° | ° ° | 1S I-0 | | ° ° € ISD | z | ISD I IS] ON] o& | 4S! NI] rol 2 N| @ & z 2 UN | 02 | | 10] aN | oP I] aN) & ha ey | 3s s | aS 9 t | | { | ee i | my [ong | wy | wa | ag | cary | ang | nq | wy | “a | sug | wy | wa | ig [ey | wy | id | wy | | | | ‘Id ij 4d “Id : dd ‘Id id ; 1 ke “pnojp “pno[a pno[d “pnolg “pno[y I pno[g i uOON | or 08 09 | ub ae | ‘Mm LS bh = 7 ‘N OF gt = & tady ‘6681 Weng ary 253 PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. |_ ies | | __ies Se ee eee Ce ° ° | ° ° | | o | of L NOIS|ANN | 6 NOS |ANN | of NIS|ANN | OF lox [NDS ANN | ;O! 6 or ol qn Ol an Or ng4S 6 | gl qs 8 ge L 09 wt] a; & isto| A) 9 St} Al 9 0D) a Le I ° SID] Ne; of SID] | of | as | ote pce 92 + oF ng3S S S SIO! as | of r) q | .1-0 » 40, Se ° ° | 90 ° ° ° te of of ISD} aN z | fo) ° ° Ee fe} fe} i Le} i oO oO te} oo ° ° | o | ° 1) N | of ° Ie of oF 1S [eb i 4s of st of € 0% I fe ID} MS of WS are) 1S ol z 61 a’ 09 tO] My of . 4s oot ae) oot 8 gi er € is| MS | 8 | as} ms | oS nas; ms) b a) Lr ol qN or pk: IN oL iS ol ol fone OF S| MS | 8 |; 4S} MS | 8 IS} MS | 6 9 $1 oD 1S} MS | oF | 4S} AA] OF IS or 6 tr oI ze S ot |loxk | Ss S or ngs iS OL gor || 1 oot IS1D|} M | 9 Ist L Se) of of er of ISD |AASS | oPF |i aN OI ok |NDIS |AASS | OT oF oe ok ol qN OI |i, qN or ox aN or or or ox L iS; S| 9 eo /PDIS| S ¢ isto) Ss} § of 6 nS} S| oF histo} § | 6 WD] S| oe of 8 ox aT 0} Ilo | aN OL ix qn OL ol L ox aN or | ok aN oI jo 1S ol ool 9 IS MSS of IS MSS | of | is|mMss) § | * ngaslh Ms: L listo ms | ca || fasta] ms | oF a | 2 ; | 0 i °o | fo} ° € IS N I | Ts) Nj ot | wily N a of c as! a e aS aN € isS| SN] * of I i wy | mg | wy wy | ig | ‘wy ay | aq | wy uy see Sali : “Ig . oaecimeme |e pnol) pnojd prod yg u9 uP ue 1898— 1902. No. 4.] mM LS kh = 7 'N 9¢ 84 = 4 “HENS sry ‘THdy “6681 [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. ~-H. MOHN. 254 |__is+ [er [| __iet (oe eee ES: | leh |) eon 1D | ote ° ° | ° ° ike r€ i ° ° ° | ° ° | 0 of | ° ° ° ° | ° io 62 = ! o)| = a qn or | = or || = Or SI ob gz 1S oot ISD S| 6 ie) S| oI ° ° _ oO Le ° ° ° ° ° ID N] of ge 4S ox S| AN) 8 nOqS| AN| 8 194S| AN] 6 S10} AN] oF IS10) AN| oF Se 9} a] oF 19] Ajo! No ec a 2 ° 1] AN} of DO] NI of ne IO} pet i) a| 08 ID] al of I] a] of 1] NI] of IID} N) 6 & Ist I S1O| AN] 2 | 10} aAN| 1-0 IO; aN! € iS] AN] & 10} aN! ? se 1S L aS B | & aS or S19 9 i) s 1) sd Iz ok | 4N! S| ,or MAS, oS, Lb | 1979S; S| 69 Ingas} os} & S| S| sor] kK] aN or || 0 n9g7S oot iS ol n971S 01 || | iS 8 iS 6 S| MS: 6 61 S10] MS} 9 ID) M) of Sw) M| 9 |= or || = or || = | 07 gt It} M) of S19) M! o& 9) MI) oF I] MI oF II} MI] o§ I) Mi: Shy bt nD) My 9 n7S| MM] 8 n4aS| M| oF nD4S} M| 8 wS| AA] OF IS| MS; OF gr isto] Ms! oF ISI} MS} oF 19} AAS} ote 19] MS} ote 9] AAS} ot ISI} MS, & $1 no} s| 9 Ss; S| = | 1s| S| IS} S| e IS} S| as; Si 2 a * qN oI || x aN o1 3x qN or | qN or lnk qN or |i, | aN o1 er ak qN| ASH) ;0! ND4S| ASH] 2B | |MOIS| ASS} or ISO] ASS| § IS1O| ASS! « IS19, S| 8 eI Ist a} of ISD al § ISO A| of 18) a| * ISD a] L ISTO} AN! of II noas| al - nQ4S} al 8 nD4S| AN| 6 S|}. AN! 6 NO4S| ANY) oF Sw} oa! + oI ° ISD N} t ISI) AN! oe! W190] AN) & 1D] AN| & I} AN & 6 IS} Al oF IS) Al oe S| al oe i) aa 0 qS I 8 ae) a S19 oP | Ni} ote ° ° S19 ej, 9] AS} oe ID] Al oF IS19 a ISD of S190 I es 9 ° ite) of ° ive) ee ° 120 Ss ° ° ° ° ° ISD j 62 b ° S19 f° WI) ON) ISO y ie) I IS10 |MNN| & & NDIS| ANN) 9 ||ox I) ON] ot |lgk | AN] ON) 5°2 S| N/ oF IS] oN] oF | oN! oF S isto] AN] © 1] AN; ? "| SN} = | 1O4S| |. 8 wi} a) § IST | i i wg | qd | ‘uy wy | ug | wy wy | ng | wy || ‘uy. | IG | wy ‘wy | id | wy ‘uy | Iq | wy a | org 4 2 % = weer ¥ “pnoly “pno[g ‘ “pno[y. i “pnory . “pola . “PRD oe uooN yor | yg y9 | y? ye “MLS oth = 7 ON OF g4 = J wens ory ‘ACI ‘6681 255 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] oO oe) [ge | | rE | [g°€ | | [ge || ueow ° ° ° ° ° 1S) oF” ré ° ° ° ° ° ° of ° ° ° iSO me ° ° 6% fe) => or | => Oo | = ts Pa 1S o | = o1 ge = 4S b | = | ast ol ID) ON] oF SIO] NI of ist0| AN| 9 aS Or Le re) ro) oO fo) i) q I-o iD) a I-o [eka ee) of ISTO | AN] oF IS1O) AN] of 93S} AN | 2% nj1s| aN| L 1S L Se ID] AN| 9 nO1$) AN] 8 Ist, N| § IS N] 2 41S NI of 0) N| 1 te SIO} AN] oF Isto Zi of D N] of ID Al of 18) of D of fe TD} MN] 8 oO fo) ° fo) 19) ko bokad is] AN] © is| GN| 8 nS} aN| 4 is| AN) & Ie) s nS € ze is| as} & 1S} N] 09 S| oN] oF iS; N{ oF no1s| N| & IS] 6S] «6 0 * | IN or || > 1S oF foX [ROIS] MS) Of |, | S| or 4S or nO1S of 61 n3s| AAS} .§ NDIS| MS] 9 nos) Ms! ? ND4S} MS| of TO] AAS) of ISTO] MS) QS gi — or |,= or |= oa OI slp MM} 9 SD M| OS Lr DO] MI + 1] mM] of ID] M] oe 1) MM] oe is} os! ¢ | a | & gu WI] wa] 9 ISI} MS] 6 ISTO} MS] 08 ISTO | MS} o& ISTO} MS] o@ ISTO! AAS| of $1 IO} MS| & nS} MS] of ISTO| MS] of SID] BS) 1S| AAS] Q@ | ms| ? tr qN Ss] € 1S S| $ n-1S S| OT | x qN or || x qN o1 || x aN oI €1 zk qn Or |i. qN or || x* qn or || x& aN Or || x& an AS} of lig aN aS} Or SI sta! s| 6 nD4S} S| 6 MD1S| S| of ISTO S| ot is ol isto I TI N71S| AN] €& 1S] AN] of S| aAN| ? S| AN| 9 N4S| AN] & nj31Ss| aN! 8 or ISIO|ANN| €& 1S|ANN| .8 ID) Al o& SID a| €& nous; a) 1 ° 6 1D} AN| 10 is| al @ S| a} t-0 3] a; i ° is| aN] 7 8 is| oN] & S|. N| t S| ON] of ° 4S é IS z a ISI | MN| 1-0 ISD] MSM) oP 1D) MSM] of ID) MS} & 9/ MS] of 0! Ms] of 9 ° ° ° ° ° ° S fo} fo) fe) fo) ° 4 ° $ ° ° ° ° ° ° € Ist Zz |g IND-31S|/ ANN; L ISTO | ANN | 92 ISI |ANN! Qf IS!O| ANN | Of ISTO] ANN! QF z IS or |, aN oI SIO] AN] 7? sae) a“ z ee aN| € iO] AN! €& I wy | ad a wy | aig | wy wy) id | wy wy | ud | wy | ay | aq | ‘wy wy | ud | ‘wy | | fi "I } “y "I “Id ! Id “a . Pno[p | . pno[g . “pno[g “PROD “pno[g o “pnoyg | eel IPHAL | yor ys y9 a? ye | ‘MES PL = 7 ON 9h 86 = S “pens aory ‘ACI ‘6681 [2nD ARG. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. 256 H. MOHN. | | €+ lor || | let | | cad | jer | [rh || veew ° ° | | ° ° ° o of fo) ° | oO ° ° 1D of 6c o8 | 4N or}/ @® | 4N or ||,®© | 4N or ||,© | 4N oof |o® | IN zor is e ge no4s | MN] 6 NOD} AN] 96 N10) MN| of IO] MN| & IO] MN} 8 nD-71S} MN} of Le nD4S of 0374S oo! aN o1 1S or} 7 |n7S} AN] OF n37S| MN] oF 9 ° ° fo) fo) ° Se je o 1S I S| Ms| 2 is| Ms| 9 is| MS] © ve o* | 48 Or qN or! | GN sor aN or | or |, iat | aes ms] Ss! 6 NDS oo! qN or || x | GN 201 ok | AN} S| OF |lk | aN| S| oF ad aN Sot! aN S|} 8 1S 6 1S Ss} 6 | s| oe 4S or Te * qN . gOl || qN 701 |) x aN Or || x is S| Ot nos s| 6 ISO S| 9 Be 4S of! 4S s| 6 4s S| or qN S| or qN or qN or 61 1S Sot 4S S| o2 4S S$, 91 1S Ss} 6 | i) S| 8 9 S| 8 gr 1D} NI oF SID) NI oP SS} NI of TO] ON] of is} oN] t S| ON] 2 Lt 19/ GN] § N19) a] of m1, a] & +) $ ie) 9 o gt ° o. | ° fo} ° ° Sr ° ° | ° ° ° fo} $1 19| Ni r-0 IO) N/| So IST So ° 19 I 19 I €1 I) M| of 1D} MI 8 IS1O| MS) Qo 9; Ms| oF iO} Ms} § 2) L as no1s,; MS| 8 D-3S |} MAS) OF nas} MS] OF sD S| oo st S| Of nS S| 8 qr ie) L ml mM; & iD] ms) F ISD L 4S $ 4S s| & or iS AN| 6 | IN| @ ie) € 1) ¢ ° ° & fo) ° || ° ° ° ° 8 0) Ni 2 ° | ° ° 1! N/ t ° L Hsu) 1 ob IS1D | 8 is; al] 8 1S + sae) € 1D) aN] & 9 8) N: ot 8) N[| & ; 9 N/ & nas N| oF nD N| 9 ee) N| ? $ ° ° ° ° fe} ° ¥ ° fo} fo) ° ° ° € ° ° sD ol a) e ° ° z fo) l Or fe) fe) ° fe) z = — 1 i AL Se apne GIS 8s peel emcees = ‘my | qd | ‘uy Wy Rival | wy wy aq | ‘wy ‘uy | ag | “wy ‘my | wg | wy ‘my | Ig | wy | ‘Id “Id / dd >) ed ‘Id Id | & “pnoyy | “pnoig “pno[g pmoy “pnoig Le uooN yor || us q9 y? | ye 1 “m LS pL = 7 'N OP BL = hb "yweryyg sy ‘aunf ‘6681 257 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] ‘aunf ‘6681 | | L-+ | | | 6+ a | | ler | b+ | Jor ueayy istd| M| .% tO) M| oF ISD of sD of ISD of | © of fe) fo) ° ° fo) ° 6z ng-4S 8 nNOS AS} Of ny3S ool n9Q-1¢ or 1,8 aN oP aS) aN ol gz iS OI iS oL aS OL 1S OL no-71s} MN] 6 ng71S$ MN/ of Le ND1S} M| oF no3S} MM] oF nas} M| 6 IS1D| MNN} of 1S1D} MNN| 98 Teen eee | oF? 9e 17S | MN| ,°2 n71s| MI § mas} MI! & TO |MNM! 3& i) of Ist of Se = o = ° ° isa) S| 2 sD S| 9 Is S] © te an or |i, aN zl |i, aN Z0l ||, aN z0! CIN or ox aN o1 ra sk} 4N Oli *k) aN or) xk} GN Or] *&/] aN or} *&| aN orl kK] qn ol oe oX 1S S| OT |,>%k] IN S| of || aN S; Ot |lo>k | aN S! oT|ox] aN S] oP Jok! an S|] 9% Tz 1S s| 8 qN S) OT) ok] IN or} xk; aN z°T |] kK] IN z0l lk} qn or |; oz N971S or ye or iS or 1S oot 1S oL iS 8 61 1S S or 1S S or 1$ S or 1S S or iS S ol 1S S or gI isto} Ms] £ sto] Ms] & Ist} MI OF ISD M| oP is of ISD of br ie) I n3s! N| & is] oN] 6 se) N| 9 1S N| 6 Do N| & 91 ° )/ AN! I ° ° ° ° oT ° ° ° ° fe} ° say ° ° ° ° fe} ° €1 0974S 20 n9-1S$ N|S‘0 1S N|G'0 n97S N a i) M|S‘° 1) So ZI ISD Or | =) 3st] MS} of | = a or }=/ ml] ms] § nos} Ms, & Ir mQ7S| Ss] 6 "97S | MS] oF IS] AAS} oO} S| Ms| © IS} Ms| 6 MO} ms} § or 1) I 3) a) ie) oo 6) oo 1S| ASA} on nS a) or] 6 ° ° i) € ie) I 4S so 1S so 8 fo} ° fo} fo} ° ° L ° » Il N] € I; N/ § nNOS or nd4S Nj; 6 ie) NG 9 ie) bd 10) MN] 1 ° ° ° ng1S N| & ¢ —p a] 2 ° ° fo) ° ° ¥ ° fo) ° ° ° fo} = 18) I ISD I isd I ° ° ° z i @) of ° ° | ° ° ° I wg | ag | ‘wy ay | iq | ‘wy ‘Wy | Iq | wy ‘wy | ug | ‘wy wy | ug | wy wy | qd | wy Ad ‘Id p ‘Id ; Id ; “ad , “ad : Aeq “pnolg pno[a pno[p pno[p por) pnoj9 PAL yor 48 49 uP qe "MLS PL = 7 ON Ob gL = D cyens sory 17 H. MOHN. 958 [2QND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. | let | | __|99 | | $9 | |__|L9 | |&9 | wea © aN fob ok © an oI or |k © aN ol okK® an or ok 8 an zOl ee 9-48 or ng-49 or qn z01 an S or aN Ss or aN S or os — aN ory = aN ra an zOl MS| oI WS} MS} OF ISD} MS] of 12 NDS} M| 22 1938] NJ] oF nO-3S} N}| of no4s| NI oe nO-1S or nO4S -_ oz n978|} 8} 8 nNOS} oS} n9-48 or nos 6 n9-1S or SID] MN] © 61 WD g IS-10 8 WD L ID s is] sg] or ng3s} gs} or gi nN9-48 S ol ng-38 8 or 8 ol ng ool nyg-1I9 oft ng AN 8 Lr nd N| & n9-39 N| 8 ng N| § ng N| S$ ita] mM § ats N] & QL S) aN or | © aN or Bs) or WS 6 IS1D | MN] 0% ise) of Sr AS) aN Sg ol oS an Q or 98 aN 9 OL © IS ol © 1S fone © 1S or Lae 4S ool W oot WJ L ID) S$} & g 0] S| of €1 WHO] S| & 14S} S| 9 WI] SG] oF WS of aS of 1S of eI ng-38 6 8 oO! 19 Or © 19 or © 1S ob qN or Il WW or |1,© an 6 Ww ool n9-418 ool n9-31$ S| OL ng-3S S| 8 ol i) 0% NOD $ 19 of ie) ee |= a z 6 9} Ss] & z WH] SG] 2 0) S| 19 I | MS] 2 8 nD-38| 8] 8 WI) Ss] ? Wo} Ss] F nD38} Ss] ? no4s) S|} i NDS] S| oF L 948) S| oF Wl] | 9 Wo} sg} F RO-1ID] «S| & N71} S$) § lO} Ss] é 9 19 £0 WD 1-0 He) otO 19 oF 19 8 SD; Ss} & s * [NDS 8 nj-38 6 ng-S ol WD ol nO-1S 8 nS 6 + ° IW-l9 ol0 IS-lD ol ° ° ° € 19) Nj & WHO} NI oP IID b eee | aM) 8 nO) M| 9 ADS} M} 6 z ID of 19 I 9 of Wg 8 1S 6 S10 o1 I UL ag | wy ‘Wy | Ig | wy wy | ag | ‘wy Wy | wid | wy ay | ‘ug | ‘wy | wy | iq | ‘wy *Z I, "I, “, “1 “I - “pno[g . “pnoya . “pnoly - *pno[g e “pnolg | . “pno[p Bet uooN yor yg 49 q? | ue “MLS bL = 7 'N 9% 84 = 6 ‘yeng-oory ‘Ainf ‘6681 299 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | |o9 | |S-9 | | lg‘9 | | \°9 | | |r"9 | joo ueay © ING ol || © aN OI || © aN or || © aN oI || © aN Or an or ze * [ND3AS 201 ng3s ool nos obs no-19 o1 n9-39 or n9-49 OL ze AS) qN or |, © aN sl || KO} AN zl |,k ©] aN zor nj-38 OI n9749 6 1g IS oot 09738 | MSS| oF Ne) z ° WD} MI 9 WO] MY] 8 oe ng-1s or 9-39 or 09-38 or no-4N Or ite) ool i") oF 61 ao| “| ot WHO} NB WHO) NI ot WO] NI oF WD of ° gt S19 S| 8 ng7as S} et |, © aN} S; °F noawS} gs] er no-7ag| gf} or nS} S| oF Lr n/N] e Dl] B| of 40] | 09 Ww) UN| = Wt] N| 2 WI) NI oF 91 SIO] NI} © | ISD N!| 0S nS | oN] OF Ss or || aN or] x aN o1 SI ISO] Nj og! IS-19 N| of WHO] NI] oF ny); OS] 8 WD] Gg] oF aN} S| of FI iS or Ww or tS) Or W ol IWID o8 19 ool €1 ISD S} 2 ID S| & IWID| YB) oF WD] Ns] of WD! GF) oF Wid} S| of I 1S of ISD S| of Wl} yy] of Wl] S| 8 WD of 9 o8 II qN or||,,© | aN S| or || © GN! §/] oT |,© aN} S$] °T ||,© aN} s} et or or ISD S| 9 IS-19 g| § wo} sg; e I] S| of 9} S| oF 6 ISD of IW of i) of mo} mF to] ma} & iol gs] & 38 =lisi| mS} = | = sasto}] ms; ? IW) MS] of | WO] Ss] 8 no) og] & WD) S| of L ng Ss of ng-48 Sg oot n9-48 8 oot n9-48 S oP! nD-48 8 oot 9748 Sg ool 9 ISD € Ve) MS | @1 fo) fo) fe) °o ¢ IS S| o@ IS9 S| 8 nQ-38| S| oF now] 8] oF wi! sg] 8 wt} gt] - v n9-1S 9 WO} MS] 9 wins) 4 Wl Ms] L ° ° € Oo oO oO fe} wD I-o Ne) rT Ss oe ANB aoe | Re OE wot NI & 9 ID sii of Ree 9 I ‘aq | iq | wy wy | ag | wy ‘wy | Id | ‘wy ‘wy | aig | ‘uy uy | ‘aig | ‘wy ‘wy | Iq | ‘wy 5 + “td ag a ae ie = “pnoyg a “pnolD “pnoly “pno[g “pnolg “pnolp i PUL yor 48 49 q? qe “M LS ov = 7 'N OF gh = db ‘AInf ‘6681 “WeENS sory [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 49q019Q ‘6681 ioe [eeert eee saa | jge | | joe 6e | [ee weayy 3S | € | IS of ° ° ° ° ré S719 | oP 1S at ° ° ° ° of IST) € 1S eM ot 1S of ° ° ° 6z ° ° ° ° ° ° ge ISD | at S of ° ° IS19 08 nD10} AS | oF Le | 9° |; 3s I 4S I ISO S ISD of ° 9e * a ork | aN or aN or |, 1S or qN v |x aN oI Se 3S | oh l qN or liok aN or Or lok aN or lax qN ol be | or | or \ OL or ol or &s | Ls | | | | “Wy | “ALG, |, “AL Uta | Are San: Wy | Id | ay Wh | ANGE jE po ae td Wy | Id | “way | Advis oo — d ; Ad Id “Id Wd seq PESO PLC *Pnold pnoly “paely “pnolD uooNn yor 48 09 q? ye “mM bobs = 7 'N 62.9 = 4 -proljauarzy 261 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION, bee | Le | os | &¢ uBoy IS OI 1S OI Ss Ss | 36 - 1€ ° ° ° WI oF of 1S I 1S I 15 S ISIN ov 6c ° 1S I ° ° ge ° 1S I 1S of —wD of Le ° 1S + ISD oe SID as 9z ° iS € ses oI || x ING oI Ge 1S e | 1S é ero} ox | 08! aS oot | be an OI |i, aN oI ||,x qN or | aN oI Se wy | ig | ‘uy wy |g | wy ‘wy | ag | ‘wy wq | aq | ‘wy td ne ‘Ig ke *pnola *Phold “ProyD “pnoly a 1898—1902. No. 4.] "M,? 8 = 7 'N 62 ,9L = dS -proljouaezy 49990190 ‘6681 [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 262 | _|oe | ise | |re | _ lee | _jee |e i mean ° ° ° ° ° ° of 4 ° ° ° co) ° 62 IS of oO 4S I ° ° ° gz ° ° ° ° ° fo) Le S 08 YS of ° ° ° ° 9% ° fe) fo) oO fo) ° Sz 8 ° ° ° aS oo! S19 z te ° ° fon Oo ° ° € IS ool 4S oo! Ss ,ot 1S oo! iS ol iS v E44 = 8 ° ° ISD 09 ISD e iz ° oO fo) oO oO oO of ° ° fo} ° fo) fo} 61 ° 4S zt iS a ° ° ° gr ° ° ° ° ° ° Li 9 ° 1S z IS € IS L iS ol gI qN zOl |i, aN 301 |, qN zr |x 1S or qn or ||,00 6 Sr ° ° fo) ° ° IS c FI : S or IS or qN zor dN zor aN zor ||,% or €r = IS or | = 4S o1 4S ot |x S o1 —S z 1S + ZI IS of ° ° ° ° fo) Ur ° 41S at ° ° fo) ° Or ° IS at IS of fo) fe) fo) 6 4S oot 4S 06 ISO of ° ° ° 8 4S or 1S or iS or is ol iS oI 4S oI L ° ° ° IS I ° ° og eto} M | ,°2 Ss or Ss oI ° iS or or ¢ fo} ° ° ° ° ° + 1S 1-0 IS oP! | qn or aN gol s ° € 1S oT qN Or Ox aN OT IQ or || xX qN or 2 & ook aN | OI |i, xk ING ol or 1S ol |x qn or 1S or I Uy) 4rd | wy “ay | Iq | ‘ury “wy | ag | ‘wy VAT | AE | CO SU | ALG |) Uy Wy | aq | wy “a a Td Td Id “Id ke 5 “*pno[D z “‘pnoyD “pnolD “pnola “PHOTD *phoyD a uooN yor y8 49 y? ye ‘M,?oh8 = 7 'N 62 ,9L = 4 ‘paoouaey ‘19qWaAON ‘6681 263 PRECIPITATION, CLOUD, 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] | Jue #! | |o~e | 6-2 | be | [re] | | ve uvay °o | fo) ° ° ° fo) of ° ° ° ° ° ° 62 ° ° ° ° Ss I iS ae ge o* o |x aN oe ° ° ° ° Le ° ° ° ° IS of 1S ee gz ° ° ° ° ° ° Se ° ° ° fo) ° ° te ° ° fe) fo) ° ° Ee ° 4s or IS ée iS er iS s 1S or Ze IS1D of° ISO 9 ISO ar ° ° ° Tz Oo o fe] te} o ° Lekad ° ° ° fo) ° fo) 61 fe} fe} ° fe} oO o gI ° ISD I ° ISD of ISD I ° Li fo) ° ° ° ° 41S Py foe ° 1S oP * 19 ool 1S of |oX an zor IS S Sr a) 8 |,” Ei}, 9 |I,0 s iS 6” ° +1 1S oF 1S of 1S of IS of Ss S IS or €1 aa) oI ||,« or | = or] > Or |x or Se or oI € 1S of IS of ° iS I iS z 11 ° ° fo) ° ° ° or ° ° ° ° ° ° 6 1S or 4S ol iS ol IS ol iS oo 1S oL 8 | ° | ° ° iS I-o iS ool 4S ot E or | i 13 ol ° ° iS of ° 9 ° |i | ° iS ol IS ol iS o1 oI S 1S or © 4S or iS or IS € IS o1 SID 9 + Oo .| | ° ° ° fo} ° € aX qN or ||, | an ot || * aN Ol iS oI iS oI 4s oe z | ° ie | qN Or |x qN or |x qN OF aN Or |/ox = oF I wy |g | ‘wy ‘wy judg | ‘ay ‘ug | ug | ‘uy ‘Wy | Iq | ‘wy ‘uy | aq | wy ‘wy | ag | ‘uy me Be 7 “d, Sali bi ¢ “y a -pnory = “pnol i “pnoy . “pnoy Fe “pnory . “pnoy aa "IPUAL yor 48 yo yh qe “"M ?o¢b8 = 7 'N 62 94 = & ‘proljouaezy "IIGWMIDAON ‘6681 [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 264 | ob | | | &-€ | 62 | | 1°€ loz |o€ |) uvay S 1-0 ° ° ° ° ° 1€ © ° ° ° ° ° of S 08 1S ar ° ° ° ° 62 iS 6 CIN O1 Ss or Ss ol IS € 1S oI ge 1S of IS al aS pil ° o |x or Le ° ° ° ° ° ° 9z ° aN 301 ||, qN zOl || * or || * or ||,x or Se ox aN gor 4S Or iS or ||, Ss or || x Ss or ||, 3S or be S OI ||,20 9 |x € ° ° ° Ez ° ° ° ° fo ° ae ° ° ° ° ° ° Iz 0” S Go” 1S I fo) ° ° ° oc o aS mi 1S ol IS I IS I ° 61 ° ° ° fo) ° ° gi 0 Or ||,0 OI ||,00 or ol OL or Li qN 301 |X qN Z0l ||, aN zr ||, or ||, or ||, oI QI iS oP! ||, 9 ||,92 £ ° fo) fo} Sr 1S oe IS ok Ss L Ss ms) iS oL 1S of tr IS of ° Ss of iS ool 1S ob iS or €r cS oL IS of ° 1S € Ss I ° Z) ISD of ° ° ° ° ° Ir ING or aS S ° ° ° ”n ° Ol ° IS of 9 or Or or 6 1S or ° ° ° ° ° 8 * s * z |i ° * o1 or ||,x IS oI l IS I IS 9 IS 9 4S % IS € ° 9 ISD, oot 1S 6 4S € ° ° ° s ° ° ° ° ° fo} + ° ° ° ° ° ° € ° ° ° : ° ° ° z ISD gor ° ° | ° ° ° ag DT, EL. | PUENE Wy | Id | wy Ty | AT | “Oa Wy | Iq | “uy Wy | Iq | ‘uy ‘Wy | Aid | “uy = “d “ay “a af “a, S “pnoyy, : “pnojy - “pnojy Z “pnojy - “proj . “proj ae uooN yor ug 49 yP ye ‘mM ,?ob8 = 7 ON 62,9L = 4 ‘proljouarzy “l9quM3s9q ss ‘668T 265 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | oe | | Le | | | oz | o€ | | | oF uvay ° IS|MN| @ ° 1S I IS I IS I-o 1€ fo) fo) ° ° ° ° of ° ° fo} 1S ees 1S el IS of 62 ° fo) ° ° 1S o1 1S} aS or gz 1S or 1S or iS or 1S OI 1S (Ol 1S € Le ox oI oI Or ° ° ° gz ° iS if ° 3S € ° 1S c Se ax qN zOL |] ok qN gor qN z°T pK § GN OT |], qN 291 lok qN zor te ook IS or IS or 3S o1 fo) ° IS or €z ° fo) ° ° ° ° Ze ° ° ° ° ° fo) Iz ° O° o |/,90 ° ° ° oz ° ° ° ° ° ° 61 ° ° ° ° ° ° gi fo) ° ° ° ° ||,00 1S oF Lr or | k= L 1S ay. iS 50 iS 08 qn zor 91 i) o1 |! 500 OI || 00 ol ile Or |ln OI |\,0 OL £1 | ° IS (Ol iS Rope ° ° ° br oX iS oot S Cha AS 08 ISD 09 S of 3) €1 qs | oo! 1S ol Ss ES IS ol IS of 1S a) zi | ° IS of S19 of ISD of ISD of S19 oe 11 4 ° IS I 1S zc 1S oO iS oo! 1S Or OI 5 | ° 3 © |I,00 or ‘Ss of 1S oP ° 6 IS ol IS Or ox 41S oP! WOK IS O°! | iS of ook IS oo! 8 ° —S Ol ° o | x Ol ||,00 8 L oo” 3S oo! IS oP! Ik an oI fe) fe) ° 9 | ° ° 1S € IS + IS + IG ID ool ¢ ° ° ° fo) ° IS et + | ° | ° fo) ° ° ° € | co) ° ° ° ° ° z | é 0 ° o ISD o? ISTO oot y ‘wy | aId | uy May gd | wy “wy | Iq | wy may |) Aid | “wy “Uh, SE | ery ‘Wy | Id | “ay "Id “Id gy ; ‘Ig - wg ‘Id keq “PROD “PholyD PROP PPol BUS @) *PnolD “IPI yor 48 49 q? qe ; ‘M bobs = Y 'N 62,94 = 4 ‘proljouarzy ‘AVqWM399q ‘GEST ‘Aaenue[{ ‘OO6] = 7 : = ee | | os ° ; x x a ° = | | |e | | Jbe oo | ve uea si SN or 2 bei oO 4 Oo W fe 4S € 0 aS ot qN or oT 2 om: ° 2 re i] 4S nor ° 4 a) ¢ ox qN oot ox aN at aN oI of ° z ° * qn 3 is S oo 1S + 9 ox L ° OI 6c [oat ° = ° ok 8 gz < ° Ca) ° oo ° 20 o (iP ° . ° bs ° fo) Le 2 ° 2 ° © ° eS oe) sa ° o o = é sa Sz ne 6 ° a ° 6 ° tae S oot one ° Ss 2 ° : = : ° 08 IS or z ° ae mH ° Ss I S I 1c © = of S 6 A : = 5 A) 5 rss 4s ¢ ; ° 3 of oa 0? o- |\"sa © ||,00 é = 2) Ss 0 ¢ ° 61 3) = aS 2 |e |: = | a =) i) ot len OF te? ° 86 2 ° - bi =) ° 8 |e iB oe me ° 2 gt zs és L i) € ee 9 x) c = G1 Ce) 3 ° ° ° 0 ° br 2 aS or ic e S10 rol] ° or || .% or - at ics x Ss 6 ne o a 0974S s n93 oe > o iS oF Sa or oi iS g OI = ° ° IS 9 6 qN or |x aN 2 ° © ° el ° OT, Nh 8° ot |L>k 0 ° 8 coal ° OHO, or |, kK, ° 6 | or ° oon OF I, Ko oI * | aN ee qN fe ite IN or * ° ° é pan | 30! |loK aN or ee ok -| 01 x HN oe ox qN ol + ° % S oo! 4S ° oL oX a ° EC oo! 1S st I € ° iB ° z way | Ig | wy E : fe) é V wy | qd | ‘wy ug | uq | wy Saree “Ig 5 Iq| ‘uy wy faq| ‘wy = ; ad “pnojy a ae “Id - a [ua] wy pnol) “pnol9 a ‘pnopy “Ad “gh an uoon yor e : PnolD ~ ‘pno[g Aed a ! yh qe i v ¥ = * MM? ob8 = 7 'N 62,96 = 4 ‘profjouaey > 267 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4] | ise ve || loz fp Toe yy ee | | |e |)_weoy ° fo) ° ° ° | ° 1€ ° ° os) ° 9% ° |l,% ° |l,e ° of ol fobs or ox qN ZO! |x aN zOl ||, aN _ ,0r 6z 1S OL fo) ° ; I @ _ & gz o@ 6 li,xk or || ox qN or || ox qN o1 qn or 1S | o1 Lz oe ° |, ° 5 @ ° Rue) o 1,0 ° | 6 oe ° ° ° fo} fo} ° Se fo} ° ° ° ° ° be ° ° ° ° fo) ° ce oO ce) Oo f fe} ‘i fe} ce) SS ° 4S I aS BS | iS I IS z IS r Ie ° ° fo) fo) 18 3 1S S ot ° ° ° ° ° ° 61 ° fo) fo) 0 ° IS z 1S of gr ° fo) ° | ° ° ° by ° o* fe) of fe) ot H oO oO fe) gI fo) ° ° °o ||,« ° o fo) Gr ° ° fe) o* °o ||,% ° 4S gol F1 1S c ° fo} ° IS oi-O 1S av et IS ot IS ool IS of 1S z iS I IS I oI ° IS of lo Ko iS of |b Ko + 1S 6s * 1S ol 10 4S of iS of ° ° IS|ANN]| o& 1S € or n34S s ng3S 6 1S or 3S or 1S or 4S or 6 L 1S or IS or oo” 1S or IS of 1S oes 8 fo) ° ° fo} fo) ° L o S z S & iS e S or li,n S oI 9 08 oI fe) 1S ta IS of fe) 1S I ¢ ° ° ° ° 9 ool + ok aN L lio aN orl ok aN or || ox aN OT | aN or aN or € or || ° + ° * qn z01 || x qn zl || x qN zo z ° ° IS z IS Pe fe) °o I a | Sa. | Say: “Wy | Id | Wy “Uy |) ‘wy Wy aI) “any ‘Wy | Iq | ‘wy ‘Wy | qd | ‘wy ‘Id Id “Id Id ; “Id : Ad : keg “pnola “pnold *PHolD pno[D pnoyd pno[D “PUN yor 48 yo yb ye ‘M.? ob8 = 7 'N 62 ,9L = 4 ‘proljouaey ‘Avenuef ‘QO6I |2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN, 268 |9°9 | en | | 8'9 | 6s | | ies | | [es | en oX qN oI aN o1 |x aN or iS or S s 4S $ ge IS 6 IS € 4S oo! fo) ° fo) Le ° ° ° ° a ° 9a ° ° ° ° fo) fo) Sz 0% | IST 08 |/o% | IST 9 ||, 1S of ie) z ° ° be ISD of S19. at 1S OOF Io L Io € tok ° &e ISD 09 ISD 8 ox aN or qN OF AN. Or ox aN or 2. 4S or 1S | gol iS zO1 || 0 OI ° fo) lz ox 6 ||,%0 6 ox Or |x aN OI II, Or |i, ol oz or O1 ||,00 or Or |l,xk ol |i, ol 61 ISD of ISD 0? ° ° ° ° 81 IS 09 aq of fe) fo) ° fo) Li 4S I ° ° ° fo) I QI ° oO ° ° ° fo) Sr — 9 | = L\=> 3 |= 6 aN o1 aN or FI IS19.| MSS] o& ISD | MSS} of 4S 9 4S I ° ° er 1S of IS 9 1S 8 eo) 6 oo 6 or Sr =>x* # = 9 = 8 O1 ol or Ir :: IS|MASS| OF S| MSS} of S oo S 6 S or | — = 4S or OF IS OI ||, or IS zOl 1S ol IS Or ll,x IS or 6 ING or iS o1 1S O1 IS ool 1S ool iS o1 8 1S oot 4S 6 1S 6 4S 09 iS 6 iS os L IS ot |lo” 4S 8 lex aN 701 |i, 4S oI Ss € IS g 9 | aS] 9 ||. | AS | or 4S 1-0 iS L IS 9 IS or s S| as or qn zol aN or s * or || x& or + an ol 1S or o1 or or or € 4S N |] OL IS 08 IS OL Or |I,xk gOl |X or z 4S oI IS oO! IS of ° ° ° I Wa. | IG’ | “WEY: pio: al CM ed ‘way | Id | “Wy Wy | Id | “Uy Wy | Id | “wy ‘Wy | Id | “ay “a ay a “ ae “a d *pnolD a “pnola . “PhO - “pHs = POO) 5 “pnoly Are uooyy yor 8 9 q? ue “Mb obs = 'N 62 ,9L = 4 ‘paoljouaezy ‘Krenigaq “OO6T 269 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] Lhe ieee [ee | |__| 6 | ent 2 [biesres a eR ox 9 Slo aN or | ok aN oF ||, qN Or |) qN o1 ge ° ° 1S Ss 4S 1-0 Ss z Ss ors Le ° ° ° ° ° ° 9% ° ° ° ° ° 4S at ce fo) ° oO |/,c0 | ISD oP! |/,20 | ISD oP! |/,0 | ISD of ve ° ° ° 1S ee IS of SID et €z ° ° |x aN a) aN Or ||, aN Or ox aN or we ox a6 oO! aS oot 1S zor 1S or . 1S or ox 1S zor 1s ° ||,%0 4S z 1S v IS 9 iS 8 IS 8 oz * or || & or x= Or || aN Or |lox qn or qn ici Or 61 Ss o |p ° Ss oof 1S (ot ISD 8 gr ° fo} fo) IS at fo) IS of Li ° ° ° ° ° ° or ° ° fo} ° ° ° SI ° ° iS S|} of 1S £ => + => S 2 qn o |= L 1S of ° ° ° €1 ° fo) fo} 1S Aig 4S oF 1S ob Ene 1S Ps 1S ahs 1S ar ° oo ° => zc It or 1S oO 4S ool S| N] of IS} MSS] ot IS|MSS| OF or 1S or is or 4S ol IS OL 1S ol IS oI 6 oX aS on S| aS OF S| AS or S| aS oF iS OF aS OF 8 IS Or 4S or IS or IS or IS or iS (et L 4S of 4S b 4S of S z S of ° 9 * 0 aN zor aN gor or || x aN zol WS} AS | o1 s iS ol IS OF S or 1S OL S on S| AS 8 a4 or || x zor gol ; zor 1S 6 1S 6 € or ||,c0 O |/,00 ° |),90 iS oI is ool 1S N | 0 z o or IS 0°! ok IS Or |x 4S or IS oot IS or I ‘uy | ig | wy ‘wy | aq | ‘wy wy | Id | uy Uy | Iq | “ay Wy | Iq | ‘wy ‘wy | Id | ay “y “1 "_ a “1 ay es “pno[a 2 ‘pho a *PnolD ‘i “prod ‘ “pnold . “pno[d fed “PTA yor yg qo y? qe ‘M bobs = 7 (ON 62 ,9L = & ‘proljouarzy ‘Aieniqoy ‘OO6I |2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 270 x *” | [sé | | | e€ | | [re | [ee || ween 9 et ° ° fo) n973S € 1€ Ss rt 4S I 1S I —S I 1s I ° of ° fo} ° ° fo) ° 6z ° ° ° IS + iS I 4S ot ge 4S 8 4S 8 4S 8 IS oP? ° fo) Lz 4S of $ of aS oF qN SOL |] an or || *& qN or gz aS oo! Isto 8 n94s o8 1S 9 ||,% ol 1S OI Se ok | aN or |i, | 4g or 1S 8 1S ° iS 6 : i e ° ° ° ° ° ee co) ° iS I ° fo) oO SS ° ° ° ° ° ° Iz ° ° fe} oO fe) fe) oz 4S or iS or 4S or IS L —S L —S $s 61 4S ol Oo fe) fo) ° fo) ° SI IID] MN] oS Ix aN Or 1s Or Ss OL iS or Ss Or Lr 1S or WS a) iS Or is or Ss OL 1S OL 91 0% aS or aS 0°! S19 of S 0°! aS of aS of Si ° ° ° ° ° ° br Is of st of Isl of x ° ° €x fo) ° ° ° ° ° SI ° ° ° ° ° ° Ir ° ° fo) fe) ° ° Or 1S or 1S Or 1S Or fo) oL 1S o? 6 ox an Or 1S 6°! lio GN OL * 1S ot is Or 1S € 8 itd] AS} .8 wt] aS | 6. istD| AS | 6 IS ool 1S s 4S v L 1S i IS S-I S 08 IS o {15% iS I ° 9 Tse) z 1S r fhe | ast I ° ° ° Ss ° ° ° |i, o ||, o |),2° ° + ° fo) ° ° ° ° € fo) ° ° ° ° ° z x) S ¢ Il,e0 IS gles iS OI ||,~ 6 |x 8 |, L I uy | Id | “ur wag | Id | Ur “wag | I | “ury ‘wy | Id | wy ug | Ald | “uy “Wy | I | “UW “Id : Ad , Ad : “Ad : “Ad 2 “Id seq pno[D pho[D PHolD pno[D pno[D “pno[D uoON yor us 9 q? ye ‘mM + ob8 = 7 'N 62,9 = 4 ‘psolyouaeyy ‘WIEW ‘OOGT 271 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | re | | | &ze | | gre | 1S | ve | [of |) wee o | ° ° ° ° ° 1€ Ss 8 | 1S ¥ iS € aS at iS I ° of ° ° ko ° ° ° 6a ° ° ° ° ° ° gz IS r 1S z 1S I 3S of 1S ol ° Lz ° ° ° . ° ° ° 92 ox aN ot |X aN Or || aN OF ||, oo) 08 {lo i) 08 iS or Sz 4S oI 4S O1 IS r IS I qN z qN oI be ° ° IS I ISD r ISD ze ISD of fe ° fo) fe) 1S I S719 of ° GS ° 4S I 6 z n9-4S of ng4s a) ° Ig fe) fe) te} ° fe) fe} oz fo} ° 1S ‘al 4S N ol 19 ol 4S or 61 1S 1-0 ° ° ° ° ° gi ° . © ES) of cS) of ISD | MN | oP Lr 41S oI 1S oI iS oI Ss OI iS ol 4S oI OL 4S 6 S$ Ol 1S or 4S or IS or IS or Cr a a— 1S a — iS z= 1S £ j= 1S of 4S of $x ° iy 2 ISO of iC ISTO of €1 ° ° ° ° ° fo) GI ° ° ° fo) ° ° II ° ° ° fo) ° ° OL ° IS Pg#O 1S ee 1S € 1S 6 IS 6 6 aS of 1S 08 aS id ° aS oF aS of 8 s 4S of 4S of 4S of S| as | of ISI] AS | 08 L 1S L ||, 8 * OL IS or ||,x aN gol iS oot 9 ° 2 aS oot aS he as e 1S of . ° : °o 11,0 ° ° ° ° ig oo” fo} o Ib? o o” oO 0 o fe} € fe) fe) fe] o Le} fe} ro ° ° 1S OI || « o1 || 0 OF |I,c0 iS oI I ‘wy | ig | ‘wy ‘wy | Id | wy Hy | IG | ay “ay, | i | ey SES) HCE || SE “Uy | Iq | ‘ay "I me “1 “1 on 4 . “pnoyg i ‘pno[a a *pnolD = “pnola e ‘pnolp a ‘pnog ae PIN gor 48 49 q? hisd ‘mM bobs = 7 'N 6b ,9L = & ‘pioljouaeyy “YAR «“OOG6T [2nD ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. 979 METEOROLOGY. or . - | | ; : | [4 : | [eb | | 6+ | [es | [er |) weap = 09 : ies 3S | al rs | m:) iS K) iS 9 of °° 0° IS ool 4S | or - 4s or 1S L 6% fo) ra) | ° ~n ° ISO I ° : : i ¢ te 4S *s |iok | an £ jlo | aN ¢ * i. te i ae "5 i °, oe ox | aN S lok} aN ork | aN or |x | 45 8 lox a ores | an Sell) cee or } SD 5 (Plasto IP gee eit ae el ae ra fag ae eal ae S o 2 of iS a °° 1S I IS I IS I €z 4S of IS “or - “or e ae = 2 = 2 = IS of Wo? 1S S ox aN or || or || - se x - ae ~ ook aN 68! lok ING oP! Ik qn oo! e or Re aN o1 || 6 ee 1S ZO! ||,%0 1S ol IS oI } L i n 4 - a) 3S = on) 8 fo) : ° on é ee : tt ° ° @) € ISD or 1S or I ox ze Be ok st _ wor qn OI 1S ol 1S OL 1S ol er 7 . t A : a G ee: ; of n9j-34S IS € €1 IS a anc) 1S S cs) 1S obs 1S : 0 IS Zs x) aS Sc SI : ° 4 ” S| of 1S oot aS ool a OI |x a ot a i . aN - * qN or || x aN or) &k | aN or ||, qN oF |I,k aN or 6 9 ° 1S or 1S or 1S or SID or 8 : ° fe) ° ° ; ° E, ° ° 1s S-O 4S 1-0 1 oo Or . : ue ¢ 1S € i é 7 - - a : ’ o- IST ° 4S o” ° ° ° + ° ° ° ° ° € ° ° 4S I IS I iS fa ° zc ° ° ° ° ° fo) I | | wy | Ad | ory wy | ag | wy “way | Id | wy ‘wy | qd | Wy wy | Ad | ay wg | qd | wy “il , ‘Id "Id aq : “iy . pno[d “pno[d | “pnoyD “proj : *pno[D — “‘pno[d aa uooN a yor | yg 99 q? ae ‘M ? ots = 7 N ,6e 94 = & ‘pioljouaey ‘Tdy ‘0061 973 PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. | lors | | [| L-? | | | L-+ | | | 6+ || weew aS of | Ss 09 ox | aN oO! aN | | oo | ng48 8 nO-4S | 8 ng1S 6 IS | of | 1S oF qs | of : me | fe) { fe} 1st + of ISD g WD 09 Ist i of qN |e Weak an 68! ok | AN of! lok: AN a: * qn ' of ||, qN | Or gk aN oP! [|x qN oo * qN or ok qn or 4S = =] of i I-0 is rf i as) je | lol | °o || 1S or] | as ox qN 1 1s 9 || o od 1S o0f fo | AN o8F Ho [MOIS 09 ok 4S ae es * 1S of 4S | of iS oo 1% 4S ie 2 e aN or |,>* | aN | Of IQ aN O1 || qN ° ° ° ° ° QI ° ' a) ° |x qN or Si 1S ool ' TS or IS ol 1S ol _ fe} oO fe) °o I 1S ae / 4S ¢ | 4s + Is oot et qN OI ||,c0 <—- ae) 2 1) 8 : 4S g 1S | 1S ° 1S | ae aN ori > . 4N | or |l,>k qN or || x aN | sto] N | ,o2 ne) oF 1) of ° 8 4s 8 ° ° | : : o | fo) ° \ ° | © ||,00 ¢ |e or S$ oI 4S 8 1S I 4S I ly ° ° ° ° € fe} oO fe) oO Z ie) fe} o fe} Ir | | | ‘wy | Iq | ‘wy ‘ug | ug | wy Wy | Ig | wy ‘my | aq | ‘uy |! “ “ag “4g “pno[D - *pno[y “pnolg | “pnolg i 48 yo yP \ qe 1898— 1902. No. 4] ‘MY oh8 = 7 ON 62,9 = 4 ‘proljouary ‘Iady ‘0061 [2ND ARC, EXP. FRAM ‘EOROLOGY. an wy) H. MOHN. MI | | Les | [rg | [s 9 | | | t9 | ig” ae > qN OT Tk q os 2 , : as é or “1g ‘eee oft fie we : oX qN oo! oX qN - or |x aN ol 1€ eee a es : z ng-3S € of °° GND] aS 3 nD ° ° ng4s 6 es) 6 6c = : ° ° ° gz : ie ° fo) ° Lz 7 . : : ° S19 at gz IN-8D 8 iS or IS or : S ‘ % 7 Be eae : 4S or or aN or te re ree . es a aN 8 ISO r v ze a : ae a ies : n9-41S 8 ng-1S 6 IS 6 Tz ak qN or!o%* | aN Crk | GN or ||, ia : ere : an . "6 IS or aS or ° qnng or i n = a ache ce oF ms ok aN or |x qn or ||, qN or a 61 is a : . tr ak aN or ||, aN ot |/ox aN oI en eolre an ale i - 7 ee of to ae oF Ilo a ox qN or ||, | aN or qN or gi a e ao or o ng Ss aN ol aN ol $r Me : ie 3 6 aN Or |x qN or iS ol IS oI ad of oe z ID I ° ° €7 Oo ce} fe} : i ‘ : a : ie : as ° Ip I Ir ox qN “or ok Bre or |i, aN . a. \ ne ee me oot nS}; MS} § = nS $ IS 9 | IS 8 aN ot ik qN ar |r ac a : te e : ‘ orl GN ol aN = a 3 a a : ok ANNO] Ff x IS or |. n934S OL Ss z i n9-15 ’ 4S g S L 1S 6 an ae é ¢ : 2 a COINS or ¢ is} 3 | as of | SS 01 aN or 48 of* | 5g or|| oL IS ol € 1S of 4S of aS 8 aS or i of 319 or ox qN or |, qN o1 IS or |x qN or ||, aS 8 |lox “s : wy | ug | wy wy | ug | wy ‘uy | Id | wy Pemg | iq | wy ‘wy | iq | wy ‘uy | aq | ‘wy “Ig “tg “ag “ag i ; pno[a pno[D “pho[a “pho[a a “pnoyy iss “pno[a seq uoon, yor nt) q9 y? qe ‘M,? oh8 = ¥ 'N 68,94 = 4 ‘prolyouaeyy ‘SEW ‘OOG6I 275 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4. | | |9'9 | | |g'9 | | | €'9 | | |z9 | 9 | | [eo || ween ng-1S oI n91S OI 1971S OI ng-1S 56 qn ot | dN or 1€ oX aN Or lk aN or |ioxk aN oft ok [ANNO AS | 9 Gene | eo fo ong ao) o& anv} aj} 6 QND) a | 6 QN")| AS | et |x | qN/) aS | OF |lok aqN| aS | of jo |ANTD| aS | .oF 6e ng-1$ is ng-19 € ng € n9-19 z ng19 € ° gz ° ° ; ° | ° oO ° Le ° ° ° ° ° ° 9% ° ° ' ° ° ° ° Se 1s I fe) fo) 1S I iS c ng-4s fo) te 1S of 4S oF qN-ND | of qN-uD z@ qN-nD 8 lox qN oI ez ax qN Or |]. qN or 14k aN or |i, oN or |, qN or |oX aN oo! ze s ‘ms | 9 ISTO | “9 ‘ng Mass} § NAS} os] + ays; Ss] § 1e 1S or 1S ol qn-n9 ol qN-ND | ol aN OL aN or | tok QN-"D or qN 6 qN 6 | | aN; or |x qN ot |lo* qN or 61 * qN oI ||, qN or |, aN or lok | AN | or ||, aN ot |loX qN or gI nO4S oot 4S or qN ol GN | or aN ot |) qN oI Lr ae qN or ||, aN or |i, qN | or ||, qN Or || x aN or ||) qN or 91 * aN or |x aN or ||, qN | o1 qN or STNG) or qNT1D or SI qN or qN | or ||, qN | or ||, qN or qN or ||) qN o1 v1 1S or ng-71S OI is, 4 1S a4 1S iS 1S of Sr ° ° fo) fe} ° ° ol ° 1S of 1) I ° ° ° Ir ie) I i9 I ° ° an I WS of or mo71s/ Ss] ft Wells 8 no7S$ z Weds & NID; Ss) § NGL) oI 6 oX qN or ||, JaN-nO 6 |x aN OI |], aN or |], |nD35 Ss 1S 8 8 INGO) or aN-n9 or qN-"9 6 || x qN Ol Qk aN-nD or |) jANNOD) A) 4 L i) r mD} s] & O/ s| & Last & ISO fs 0 ¢ 9 nos & nS 8 nS or N37 Or N74 oI Wels 9 $ aN or qN or |x qN or n94S L no-1s 8 ngs 6 v n71S 8 ng-4S 8 nS 6 n9-4S 6 ||, 4S O1 4S 6 € as or | 1S ol ol 1S or ngs 6 | iS of c aN or | qN ol qN or |i,x qn or an OL P* | aN or I i uy | aq |}; wy Wy | ‘aq | ‘uy i ‘uy | ug | ‘wy Wy | iq | uy | wy | Iq | ‘wy ‘Wy | Iq | ‘ury i i BPG ornate Ff a cd, “al se ih al, SH 6 2 “pno[y “pnoyy . “pnojy o “pnoyy hee “prof a “pnoyy, oe PIAL yor yg W9 | a? ye ‘M,?o'8 = 7 'N 62,9 = 4 “proljouary ‘ARI “OO6I [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 276 | 19 | | [Lo | a) | | |o°9 | | | 69 /69 || ueay ISTO | ANN | o£ l4StO| ANN] (6 | ISO | ANN | 9? ie) € 9 + aN! €& of S| ANN] ,? | 4S)ANN! 98" ° r) ° SID a 6z ° | o., fo} I sD c S4aStO; M & gz fe) | ° | ° ° fo} : : ° Le ° ° | ° ) ID a | ° gz ° , fo} ; ° : (o) fe) “4sto ol° Se Sie) of last of IS | L nag oot ings |QNN| 0: NOS | ANA] 29 ve NOS a) 8 ng1S A} or. 4S j or aN o1 an-ng ol aN zor &z 4S a — iS or | WS Ol 1S or 1S zO1 || © qN or oe * | aN orl; | GN or xk aN o1 j/k aN or |} x aN or] xk | aN oI Te 1S) | of aso | ISD Bi z i OS of re aS 09 [noas geod 0919, S sto) NI OS S10] ON] of nS of ou Nd7S, ON} of mys! N]| 6 | janno] oN, 6 qN-ng 9 NGL) 9 © 4s L gr IS oo! , 4s oa, | ON oot or or std) ms! 6 bt * qN: ol * | qN | or ok ING ol || x&k qN or iS} MS! OF |iok qn or 91 qN | oL xO, qn Ol iox qn or qN OL ok an Ol || x& qN Ol Si ox qN° or iP =: qn Ot ox aN or ||, COIN ol | ox aN OL qN or br * qN | or |l5x qn Or xk qN | or qN oI aN or |x qn or €x 1S AN | ,O2 qN | or) qn | ool qn or OL ING Or or : oy 2 || | ast! ot0 ISO oe ISD | at ISO at | o | °o || ! fo} ° oO | ° or 1S | ere aS ot | 1S oe |=, ot |= o® ° 7 ° 1S 9) qN or | qN o1 aN or aN or || g GN | or aN o1 aN o1 aN or aN or qn or L . aN or qN ol ox qN or qN | o1 qN or AN) or 9 OK) IN o1 | 4N | or qN 201 || =| 4N| sor || =| Nn z01 aN | | ,02 s —= qn or! =) an or or ' OL or aN | oT + ok an OI liox&k qn Ol ING or |), qn OF || (00 qn ol lox qn | or e qN or qN oof io 1S 9 qN o1 qN ot 1 qn) or || z ox GN Or |x qN or aN ; or 6 | or Ss) ; Or I scroll 2 or 4 = a | | wy | ug | “wy wg | iq | uy | wy | iq | wy ‘may | iq | wy ‘uy | Iq | my wy | ug | wy | - ee aa se ees eee || the | ean ee en | EA papi ea ll apa bee 5 “pnolp a pnojg ii “pnoiy a “pnojg : “pnojd “ “pnoy Te uOOoN yor | q8 q9 q? | We. ‘M,? obs = ¥ 'N 62 ,9b = Ab ‘proljouaezy ‘aunf ‘O06I CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. No. 4.] 1898—1902. | jeL | jue | [ok | | | 69 | igo | [&9 || wen nDd1S oof st 08 S10 | 8 jas oo! Se) | 6 sO of of z ist ot ISTO |ANN| of a) ol std) ass of IS} ANN! o§ 6e ano; Mm) £ i) |aNTO! MI © ISI} MI oF anise) N] of Isto ot ° ge IO] MN] § SID} MN] 7 isto I ° ° ° be Oo | ° ° : ° ° || ° 9c ° ° ° | fo) oO fo) £2 Se) ee a td]; al ot ID] Al of i IS! Dy oe! St! A} OF | oa) a) fz be N1S| NA] oof. nND-1S | ANA) of nO1S a| 6 ngas a) ot nas | HT) of ngs al of &e COINS Ol 1,8 aN 7Ol 1,0 aN zo! ||, © aN z°1 ||,© aN | 70! | — = is zor fata ©| 4N or | ©} aN or ||,©| aN ot |,® aN ot |,®| aN or ,O@| aN or || rz *| aN OF | |,00 1S or 4S oot iS t iS ee SD of oz nD-4S o& | /ROS oo! nS} MM] 8 (MO4S M/| 6 MOIS} MS] 8 no-1S of 61 ngs oo nj-1s N] of ngs 6 | no-4S 08 is JO. ISO N] of gr 1S x: Hl IS ot is ot | 1S ool 1S sot i is sot Li 1D] s| 8 4 jANTD) Ms} 9 an-79] os} LE ang S| 9 Tee) s| © |lok! aN or || ot oX] aN or | AN-a9 or ang} ms] L qne9, Msi} © |} IN} ms} OF, qN or |] St ok | IN ot ok] aN or |x} aN or |l,k | aN ot Il,k | aN or |oxk| aN or || x ok | aN | Of ok] IN or oki 4N or | 4N ot |i,k | IN or || ki aN or |) €x oX aN | or i IS ol 1S oI 1S or NDS or) ngs OL ol aN , oF || qN|Mss| of is|A\ss| 6 . 4S| MSS] 8 1S} AASS| of Is 6 II sD fet | sO Pu ISD o? 1 4g 2 S19 a: isa) of or ° ° ° | ° ° 4 fo} 6 ° ° ° | ° ° ° 8 qN or | qN or aN or aN oI qN or aN or || L aN or qN or an oL | aN oL qn " or an oL 9 qN or | qN o1 qN or | aN or aN or |] kN or || § TN 301 ok | IN gor |} AN sol ok | 4N 7° lk | AN 301 |lok | 4N zor || + aN OT | ok | aN or ok, IN 0! (eX | qN off Jok | AN or pk} aN or || € ox | dN or jk | aN or |k@! GN or) | GN ork) aN or |e aN or || z ok! aN or | aN or |P an ol |x | aN or |x qn ot |ioxk | qn | | or I ‘ag | aq | ‘wy fl ‘ug | ug | ‘wy ‘uy | iq | wy uy | ug | wy | ‘ug | Ig | ‘wy aq | aq | wy t "I jeg pena ey mg =| ey "I “I F a “pnolg ¢ ‘pnory _ “‘pnoyg ‘prog . ‘prog i ‘pnojg ae ‘PIN yor 48 q9 | q? qe ‘M,? o’8 = ¥ 'N 62,98 = Ab ‘psoljouaryy ‘aunf ‘OO6I {TEOROLOGY. a) H. MOHN. MI 278 [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM | | Jeu | [ak | | [EL | | [SL | | igh 7: [ok uvay = qN a qN or! © N| or,@® aN! or |,® aN or aN | or |) 1 => aN Hy aN o1||5© aN ol} © aN or || © aN or'|| © qN S| or of © WwW or}, © qN o1|,8 aN 201 qN or qN or 8 ie (sO| S| * asi|as} & x80; "| oF STO] s/} 6 sans of njQ4S| oN] 9 ge 94S I 0933S or 0934S 0 aS 6 4S or aS or Le ° ° ° ° ° ° 9z ° ° ° ° o lx ° Se 3 ° fo fe) ° oO oO 4 be © 2 9 9 1 ie) I ie) I ee ° ° ° 1S z IS) S| oe 0) go Wee SID 09 ISD of ISN 08 ISD 09 SID} S| 8 ws] S| * oe std} mM} 6 isto] Mm] L so ¢ o1 or qN or | oz | ae} © [ee aN o1||,0 aN o1 ingas of ng & | = aso "| ne ee O}aS| 9 1D! S| 9 Wlas| 6 —S 6 1S or 41S or gt a) OF aS on qN oI S| AS! o1 IS|AS| oF S| S| 6 bi o 3S or 1$ oll © iS or ||, © 1S or 1S ol aS ol QI 4S L 4S or Sl] s| 8 6 |i or},*@) 4N or St © aN 201 !|,0 aN zO1 aS or S| aS! ot IS|AS| .8 nD10| aS] 6 rr ISD oot ISI 08 ISTO] N} of aN or qN ot ||,% or &1 =x 8; AN 201 | =x qN 301 || =x ©} IN 3,01 || = or | =x© orl = or oI =* ©! 3S oll] x © qN or]| k© aN 7°l| *O] aN z01 || KO orl] * ©! aN ol II * © e os *® an 201] KO aN 791 ||,8 4S or ||,@ is| S| or |,® Mey ae) Sa, ee ol IS or qn OL IS or iS or (ISD | N| 8 S| S| or iS or} = S or | = —S o1|| = IS < or 8 a. | as so ae i z°T||,k © aN or qN or || x® aN or||,k®) aN o1 L N or|!| © qn or]! © aN or ||_© Ol } or 9 | IS|AN| OF IS|AN| ox 1S |aN| or] 4S zor || 48 or s or s |S | a] 9 IID | Also S10 | aso | al @ S| a} I i S10} N | o! S10) N| 08 IS| Nj 09 S10} N18 4S or 4S or € (ISIO | AN | & 10 /AN | oF ISTO of Sa) € ISD I ISI] AN} 2 z | IS|an] S$ ISD + iS ool 1S o1 IS or 1S or T “wy hg pay wy |aig |uy uy jd | wy wy | iq | wy ayy |g pury wy | aq | wy | H i} Ado ped “Id | “dd “Id “Id sis pno[9 “pnoj “pnojp “pnol “pnog “pnoyy ed uoon yor ys yo | yP ye “MP8 = 7 'N 62,9 = 4 ‘proljouavyy ‘Atnf ‘0061 279 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION, S aN aN IS ng-34S IS is) ISD IS aN ISD 4S IS aN aN re ee) IS as as as as ° Z) n2AS WS ISI IS aN ISI ISI ISD qN qN 1S 1S aN 1S IS S aN IS S NAD ie te) ° ° NaomHONdH OM) Hw = ° MWHOODO wo - o® ALS) * © non ° noamoo000 5 nn ra HH 1 Oo +0000 a Ao Ce) a MODDDONAAHODODODA ° o fomme) KOR 4 OM FINO HO OW aN aN qN| Ss as eTNaae) is | MS WD sw] Ss qN9]} 4 ww} Ss 4S S19 | aS IS qN ISD iS qN IS WS-lD N is | aS qN Ss) aS IS | AN isto | AN ASO |e aN | wy} ‘lg “pho[a y? 1898—1902. No. 4.] ‘N 62 9 = & “AInf ‘OO6T H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 280 [2nD ARC. EXP. FRAM 9 | [9s | [49 || | | bs jos jf} ot | Sf ween S19 of IS 1D ot ISD 5 | 9 °8 fe) & |i | og | of 6 nS 76 ng-31S| as | °F N93S) AS | 8 ng3S! as} F wil al + | as| N| © 8 ISD of ISD € S19 08! | oS 2 | 2 - nS or nO74S o1 qN) aj oF njqS; a} 6 no4s! a} 6 | 6 9 is| aS | 8 S| as 8 I) aS} 8 4S 9 Isto 8 | ite) z S St = oe ee ISI of aS ot 0945 of n945 of iG WI} S| of WI} S|} 9 is} 6s | OS 4S I II] S| oF ° g 1S € Ss of qn-n9 L = aN ot | © aN or Lo ol S S| aS Or S| AS 4S 6 IS or 1S OL aN OL Ps wy | ug | ‘wy wy | aq | ary) ‘ug | ug | wy vung | aq | ary |! wg | | wy | ag | ug | ‘wy | ; I | ‘td “a, (it ial a ee! : “pnorg “pnory | . “pnoly af “pnory d “pnoly - “pno[g iid uooN yor | ys y9 : ad ; qe ‘M bobs = 7 ON 62,96 = 4 ‘paioljouary ‘ysnbny ‘OO6I 981 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.| mel | [or | | es | | Ivo | | |9°s | | [69 |] uvony ISD of ISD ae ISD + 1 IS1D | ae ISD of Se) of 6 no) fl 9 19-4S € S| FT| ayIS (9 15-15 6 nQ4S 6 8 Is10 08 1S0 ool a9510 of asto| | of ISD of 3S 19 of fi : | ° ZS-10 of nS L ely 9 1934S ig 10 ¢ 9 qN o1 |, © aN| @| oF qN| 2) © |,® aN| GS | °F], Nj] aS} of is; AS | 8 £ g ISD of isto oF S10) AS | o@ to] as | of iS AS} 8 t | 1S ° 1S I ° 1S ° n9g74S € ng73S S + € - 30 1973S I qN-D € anna, S| & n3s| os | & WS] S| of e =0 ; ol qN | or 1S o1 a aS | ot wt! as! 8 S| aS | o1 I oot! + ‘i I | i = | wy j ud | wy ay | iq | ‘wy wy | iq | wy wy | ig | wy my | Iq | wy wy |g | wy | i ae | 4 STE | Rs ae a ‘da |= Ser) ee ee ey, ~y ag | ke e | pnor pno[ pnoy9 “pnojg "pno[ “pno[g [eee IPI yor 48 49 qf ue [ ‘M,? oh8 = 7 'N 62,9 = & ‘pioljouaey ‘ysniny ‘OO6I “AVM JOpuN ggli 0} yII “yO 07 yQIl . [QND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. | i 88 | |8'8 | | [e6 || wean 4S 1S ol 1S 1 OF aS 8 of : 1S 4S 8 4S | 6 6 6z a S iS 6 —S r of! ge 1S or ING or ING or Le ox ox qn ok CIN oI aN oI aN or 92 ox oX oX aN oI oI qN oI Ce as as nD 0948 L aS 6 6 ag aS fe) oP ie) of 4S I ee = 4S 4S 6 aS 6 aS 8 ae N N IS! oN 1S 6 1S or 4S or Ie ox ox aN iS 6 dN oI an o1 oz ox Ss iS ol 1S oI or 61 as 1s | 6 qn or IS or gl ox qN-n9 oo? 1S! MN ol iS or 1S or LT ND4S nd4S N 8 IS1D A] 8 qN or gt * * * qN * qN 701 qN zor qN or $1 x) qN Bok aN or n971S or n9-4S 6 tr 4S 1S OL OL ol €1 o =S [n9-70 1) a 19) eo or GI or or or Ir “Md | xq | wy | Id Wy | Nd | Wy “Uy | Id | aw wy] qd | ‘wy | gee ie a 7 a sea pno[D 1 pno[) pno[D pno[D pnolD pno[D | yor atts} 49 y? ye "mM OF 88 = 7 'N OP 94 = H “yAQt oy} woy pasoljasees ‘raquisa3d3g = OOG6T PRECIPITATION. 1898 - 1902. No. 4.] CLOUD. ‘AVM Japun yylL1 OF gyi “qyO® OF qyll , | [16 [6b | ive fl | | joe | [org |) UeoW 1S $ 1S 4 1S + S719 aS I ISO | 9 1S g 1s 9 4S 9-15 L n9-4S or 1S 3 1S + Ss 1S L ISTO > | or ||Qk or |, ol aN qn-25 ' 9 + ok | aN or 1s or 1s 301 aN qN or aN ; aN or aN Ol |x aN OI ||, aN qn or |x qN ok ; AN or |x qN Ol kK qn OT 1, aN ny1D of not | 8 IS ¢ 1S + ng-1s| oN 94S 9 aS x= is z || 3s z 1S € aS ws] Nj oF aS oe 1S or 1S N | Ot 1S ol an 1S ot |x 4S 4s or Ss 6 |x 1s 6 lak IS ot |x 1S | 1S or 1S Or IS or 4S WS or x | o1 aN or qN or 4S) qs or 4S is one IS 6 4S a1; > 1s 1S or aS or aS + aS @ S19 asco € nas qN or qn or aN Or ox dN qN or || x aN * qN oI IN or aN or aN qN Or in f 1S \ or || & iS ol 1S or |} X 4S 1S Or ox iS on” ol IS or iS Ol ng3s n9g3S 6 NG _ or | = oo a Or => | or ; qN th wy | Id | wy ‘wy |) Id | ay uy | id | wy “Wy | Id wy | Id | Uy | | “Uy | , a ef “ig “ag a ee on “pno[d s “pno[d - *pno[d *spneyD pho[D “PUA yor y8 y9 q? ye 7 “M OF 88 = 7 ‘'N OF 9b = Hb “yyQl oy wos psofjeseey ‘raquia}d9g = ‘OO6I [2D ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 284 | | Lb | | gl | | |9°9 igo |) ueon | 4S | | ° iS I OL 1€ ok | aN | Nt ot |} x | aN ol o1 || of | 4s , 4s ae re) or 6c 1$ 1S ol qN or o1 gz Sy) 1S I-0 ° € Le IN qN oI 4S ° o1 9c ok ANT} SS STNG) L 7 oot Se ok JAN'S qN ol qN ol oI te aS | iS 6 4s I I Se ok | 4N qN or xk | GN or ot || az qN | TS) or or ol IZ aS tS ol 1S or S of aN | 1S ot lax | 38 L o || 6x oo 1S qN ol qN or o1 gr oX aN ; N OI ||,00 1S Ot ° Lr of” IS aS oP! |]o% 1S or 6 91 qNn-n9 qN ot ||ox qN (6 ool Sr oX qn aN oot 1S of fo) vr IS IS OF |l,e ol of €r 4S 3S j I | I oP aI 4S i) of 1973S of ° II ok |ANND Ss. | 6 iS b gh or o” aS nOAS | ie aS s 8 6 4S | ° aS or ol 3 ee S19 L 4S € € L ia) aS r | aS s € 9 n9-1S N aN gO! ok qN hole o1 Ss ox an 4S | zo% qN ol oI + ox qN nS» ; 6 pas € z € ox qN qN- or xk aN ol ol z ok aN aN | or e | ~ or or I ‘uly | “Id wy Jd | uy wy | ud | wy uq | -wy 1 ! Soph fee es ee Dees. || Aaya Z, a “pnoj “proj . prod tog uooN, 48 yo “mM oF 88 = 7 ‘N ,OF,9b = 4 ‘piofjaseey ‘1940399 ‘OO6T 285 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898— 1902. No. 4.] pot, jek | : 1 [EL = i [rk | | [eb i | \rL uvoyW —S or || 4S! | + | | aN or | aN oI 1 4g I | —S I ré qN ol. qN | o1 | qN ol > GN or lok | qN oI qn ol of qn oI | qN | or |o%k | IN or * | IN or i aN or an or 6z IS 6 IS or IS or : or iS ool IS a) ge ook oN or ok qN | ol |,k | IN or | | GN z01 qn-no or IS an Le o Il | ° ° | o qNn-n9 I qn-n9 ¥ 92 ox qN seal : GN o1 qN o1 » GN or IS L QN-RD | 08 Se ox QN | or; *& , IN or |x qN OL * IN or || x aN OT |x aN ol be oX qN oP! lo>K 1 IN 701 ||,x aN zO1 | ING or aN or qN | ool €e IS I | ° : S| a 1S ¢ aN or ING OL ce ‘ or lk : OI | OL ll oo OI aN oL aN or Id OL ; ol i OL Ss oI iS or iS oI oz aN | or aN, or aN | or | qN | - or qN o1 qn or || 61 | re) fo) fe) ° | IS z ‘ IS x) gr ak | qN or ||k aN 6 Bok i AN, or ' qn 6 }o* | 4S Lame. qN or Lr 1S. or | qs! ia | oa S$ ] | 4s ool ot ||,00 4S OL gi —S 8 4S | I AN-RD | £ ok | AN Or ||, qN or |, qN ool Sr on 43 | of IN oof 4S on | 3S ¥ |io% iS of [ok qN of rr oX ; f 20-3 ; ° ||, Oo }o*kO; IS I IS z0L sD ae €1 1S ae as | r | 4S I 1 as z Ss oS 4S oP zr wool | of || fas 9 | [aso of | | 3s of 1S of ISD ot as ° | 4s 08 | S 09 aS & aN z0r AND 6 o1 | is; Nn] ot foo] 38 S| 1S ool 1 & |, | 4s g 1S z || 6 4S | so IS 9 Ii ° ° 4S I 1S I 8 NOS | O° ng-3S , ae aS € IS 9 aso 9 ngQ4S of L ISD 1 & | D719 oD pg AST) of |} o® | ISI 09 =o? | ast S fo | ISI 09 9 of ' OF Nee or 14 OF | 6% oy nQ-3S MN ee NOAS N ot ‘i aS) or} ok | 4S me ne 6 sae ace aS 0°! ST of i qN | ot jijk IN or 1k qN or | ok | IN or |x aN or aN or € 1S | b+ ok IN 6 xk qN or!) 8 5% | 1S 9 |),9° WS ¢ & ox | | | ot [lok | o1 ex or || ox | or ca | | or ll, or I i eect eo eck bs - oe eee reer 4 Sia Sag BEA dossael idaljsow aoenie demare \ uur “ng i ‘wy | ‘ug IG | nur | “Why | “ud! ‘wy | ‘uy | Ig | wy “Way iq | ‘ury \ i i j | \ l tae |= itd j copie Md [oe ig t eee ae ; ke | pno[9 | cp) ns pno[g pno[g pnoj9 | pnolg d yor i 48 yo q? | qe "M OF 88 = Y 'N Or gl = b “paoljasevry ; “12990199 ‘OO6T [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 286 | |e? | Le | | [se | | lie |e | | 6% uvay o? 8 aN 8 |x qN 9 |x qN 8 qN 94 qN Lf o& qN-8 L ann S IS 9 1S € 1S 8 IS go) oe qN-n9 6 qn-ng L —s I ° ° ° ge 4S oot 1S r Ss I-o fo) o ° Le 4S G 4S c ° ° O 1,90 ° gz Is of IS ae IS 9 IS z o |x or Sz > OF || ,00 IS € || ,00 S|, 2 ° ° ° ve o ° ° ° ° ° Se 4S 9 ° IS g fo) ° 1 ° tia 4S g IS z S| 1-0 ° fe) ) 1g 4S c 4S S || ,00 Ss € fo) fo} ° oz ISD Z ° ° ° co) ° 61 n94S L aS 9 aS I ° ° 2 Br 4S I IS I fo} fo} ° ° Li 4S of 1S I-o Ss I 41S I ° ° QI ° ° ° ° ° ° Sr IS I IS > 41s € iS € 1S + 1S € br 4S t aS Z |l,e0 oI 3S or iS or 4S or €1 Ss 6 iS or aS 8 iS o1 IS 0 aS of a1 4S _ IS oot 4S 8 ISD € ISD & S ur oO ce) fe) fe) fe} Oo Or 4S I 4S z IS z 4S z 4S z 4S of 6 IS z iS ¢ iS € iS I iS z 1S € 8 a) of S of 1S € ° fo) ° iE 4S of 4S I 4S € iS z qN 6 qN or 9 aor qN ol 1S + ING or ||, oI oI ING or s aN or ING or 1S ol 18) 6o 1S or iS or + 1S ool 1S obs Ss ool 1S oF 4S of 4S 62 € 0” 4S oF? lo” Ss of tl 1S z ° ° co) ° z Ra) 1S oP! {1,92 IS s 4S j ° ° es s I sma, EG | SUE wy | Id | wy ‘wg | Iq | wy Ty |) “ALE | oo i ete SOS || at SUN “Id R “Id : 3 “Id : ‘Id . Id : Ad : keq pno[a pnojD | pno[d pno[d pno[D pno[D uooN yor qs yo q? qe "M OF 88 = 7 ('N OF 9L = 4 ‘pioljasvey ‘J9QW2AON ‘OO6T 287 1898—1902. No. 4.] PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. "IIQGWUIAON ‘OOG6T | |ee | | ioe | lve yp | |e [ee le || vary 4S 8 aS 9 |. 9 || 9 ||, £ | | | & of qN yoiok | aN S lok | dN $ ik | aN S look JAN-RO $ qn-n9 9 6 qn L aN 8 aN OF INNS L qNn-nD OT GND 6 ge ° ° 1S S ° 4S € IS € Le S 2 rs) 2 4S © S & ISD e. 92 ° 1S I IS € ac € 1S S 4S +r Se ek or ||, 6 ||,20 6 * OT || 0 OF || 00 or te ° ° ° ° ° ° Se fe) 1S F IS P 1S + 4S c 1S 6 oo ° 1S c IS € 1S z IS c IS S 1c ° ° ° ° ° is I oz ° ° , ° ° ° ISD, € 61 ° ° ° ° 4S I 4S v gi ° IS z IS fad IS fad IS I 1S a Li fa ol E 4 i 4S I IS ae QI ° ° ° ° ° fo) Sr fo) fo) 4S I re) IS I-O 35 I FI 1S € IS € IS S IS z 1S I is I €x 1S Or 1S + IS S iS z iS I i Ss Fo oI 4S oF 4S of 4S ges aS or 4S o1 ; 4s L II oO ce} ce) i oO ce) | ‘ fe} or o: 2 Oe e ° iS I y sy6t I 6 aS of 4S of aS oF ij s aS € | 1S | € 8 ° IS oF 4S of 4S of ° IS z L ° ° ° ° ° | 4s I 9 aN Ot |, qn or iS boi 4S Ss 1S o8 1S i ol ¢ qN ot |x qn ol IN ol qN or qn o1 | aN: oI $ 4S or ||, qN or ||) aN or aS oo! 4S b 4S ot € 4S of IS of lo? YS of lo” iS of [10% S of on aS oA! & o® 1S z ||,00 4S 68 0° 1S oF |! IS T {ip JGN-AD S$ |/,% WS | $ I ‘my | ug | ‘wy ‘mg | ug | wy my | ug | wy ‘my | aq | “aw Wy | A | “Ur “wy | Id | “atv ‘s woe "rh Be “1 Be “pnojg i “pno[g : “pno[g s “pnoly = “pnoig . “pnolg og “IPN yor ys 49 q? qe “mM °F 668 = 7 'N Oh QoL ‘= b ‘pioljaseey g METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. [2ND ARG. EXP. FRAM | | Gz | Se | (Or | | | Lex | | | be | | [6c | uray iS z iS z IS € te) ok IS of Is | 8 1é oo a) oo iS ao) | ° ° ° | ° of ° ° ° ° ° ° 62 1S I IS I fo} ° 9 ||,00 ol ge IS of iS ot ° ° ° ° Le 4S I 4S z ° IS ol 1S o1 ° 9z IS 1 1S I Ss I ° ° fe) ce ° ° ° fo) ° ° te 1S I IS I ° ° ° fo) €e ° ° fo} ° ° 4S I oe 1S I IS z IS I ° SG ol 1g ” fe} ° fo) ° ° ot IS I ° : ° fo) ° ° 61 S I 1S r ||,” 0 ° ° ° gi 4S z aS I ° ° to) I Li IS € IS 9 IS or °o |ax oI or gI or OL ||,00 or ||, OI ||,00 OI ||,90 ol Gi IS I as IS z 1S oP ° ° ° ia iS t |e S z 4S @ S z aS of 4S of er ox dN cal ees aS) OF |, OF aN OF ISD 8 aN OF ae oO 9 4S ot? Pe) fe) MS re ° fe} TE ° ° ° ° ° ° O1 8 ° std I 1d) z ° ISD € 6 4S 1 Ss I Ss + 4S I aS oF Ss 3 8 iS oot 1S er ° 8 ° ° L a iS 29 aS) 19 2 2 oO ASO) & 9 IS I aS I ISD I ° TS z 4S zs g IS I IS I iS I Ss of 08 IS 09 t eS aN OT |i. qN OI |x aN Ol |x or || * OL || .09 | or € qn-n9 L qN-n9 08 ° ° ° | ° c ° ° ° ° | ° | ° I os | = TREE GS || SO wy | Ig | wy “ay | AE | “ww ‘Wy |) Ad | “Uy | Wy | aq | my Uy | Id | aw “Id “Id “Id “Id “Ad ; Id . Avg *PHOlD ‘PRSID ‘PHD “pho[D pno[D pno[d BOOK yor ys yo yP qe "M OF 88 = 7 'N 6b 9b = A ‘pasoljosees "19qW1292 “O06 289) PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | be Lee | | | 9-2 | | ve | | 63 [ee eo x) o |} Qc ° SID oP ng-3s € ng-9 ae iS + 1é 4S 6 aS 6 aS 8 aS 9 1% aS Z |/,00 4S Or of IS oF fe} ° ° ° ° 6a ° ° ° IS I 1S z iS I ge ° At of ISD Pe ° ° IS fe) Le ° ° °o |” ° ° ° 9z ° ° o || ° ° ° Se ° ° ° |i ° ° ° te ° aS I 4S I aS I aS I aS I fe ° ° ° ° fo) IS 4 Ze 3S I IS I IS X iS I IS rd 1S I 1 8 ‘7 ° ° ° fo) for ° ° ° ° 4S I ee se 61 ° ° ° ° IS a iS I gi Oo] ° ° |x ° ° IS I Li ° ° fo) ° AS I IS I gI or |l ox fone ol |l,x : ol |i,x Or ol Cr oo) ol || 40 ° |1,0 1S SZ }},90 iS & Ss I IS I tr xe) fo) ° ° fo) 1S I 1 ° Pc) oO! |/,09 oP! ||,00 cL [15% aN oP! Ilo qn OI zl qN or |i ox qN Ol OT |) ,00 ° ° iS Pa Tél Oo fe} fe} fe) Le} ° orl ° ° ° fo) ° ° 6 ISD & ° ° ° ce) ° 8 IS 6 aS ah 4S oO! 1S € 1S v iS I Li ISD ae ° ° ° ° IS io 9 0%? | ISD S$ |} 9 | ISTO & ||, 9 ISO 36 ISD of 4S I s 1S € 1S a 1S S ° ° 1S 1-0 + IS € oo) E |i,c0 | ng-3S € ||,% 3S oP ||,00 1S 08 lox qn or € oK ; IND or |! ox aN or aN ol aN OF aN Ot Ann) 6 e, ° IS of ° ° ° ° I “wy |) Id | uy Wy | ad | wy ‘Wy | “Iq | ‘uy wy | Iq | wy “way | id | “uy ‘wy | qd | “wy “Id . “Id 7 “Id : “Id 7 “Id : “Id 5 seq PHD pno[D pnold pno[) pno[D pno[D PIA yor yg q9 q? q@ “M OF (88 = Y ‘19qWI999q ‘O06 'N (6? cob = 4 ‘proljaseey [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. | _ | | | | | |g | | [rr | | jer | | [1 || uven Isto 7 ISD 08 sD oo ISD oo ISD 08 ISO 6 1€ S719 or SID oP ° , ° ° ° of 4S PF || ,c0 © |),00 © ||,90 ? © |/,00 o |, ° 6c Sy bi IS r re) oO oO re) ge 3c oF 4S a 1S an fo) ° fo) Le ° ° ° ° ° ° 9a 4S ei iS € 1S € ° ° Ss av ce € |i,e0 v 6k iS + ° ||,00 ° fe) te ° ° ° ° ° ° € ° IS eal ° ° ° ° oS oO |/,90 fo) ° fo) ° ° 1z ° ||,%0 ° ||,c0 ° fo) ° ° 0% ° ° ° ° ° ° 61 ° ° ° fo) fo) ° gl 1S S 4S - Ss € ° fo} ° Li ° ° ° fo) ° fo) QI ° IS I-0 ° ° ° ° Cr oO 1S se fo) fe) fo fo) vr Zz ||,90 z ||,00 I ° fo} ° €1 4S |. z ic 0” {1,2 Fr |p + |)/,00 b ||,00 + ol 4S € IS I ° ° oO 11,9 fo} TY IS x a aS oF 0 0 |/o% Oo ||,00 Oo ||, ° Or IS € iS © ° ° ° ° 6 fo} 1S I ° ° ° ° 8 IS bi 9%? 1S 6 IS oI ||, 4S 0! |I,e0 1S oI ||,90 1 or L IS I ||,00 ° oo ° o) I 00 I oo z 9 IS € IS s IS10 € ° i) of IS + s aN or |i, an Or |G aN oT || ok qn or lok aN OI |,00 IS | AN ol + 4S € aS oP ° fo) ° ° € ° [1,0 © |I,00 9 ||,00 € © ||,00 ° fo} ° ||,20 oO |/,20 ° ° Oo |/,%0 ° I wy | Id | uy “Wy |) AIG | “UW | “Oy | atq | “uy ‘wy | Iq | “ury Wy | Ud | uy ‘Wy | ad | Uy ad “Ad . “Ad : “Ad 7 Id seq pno[d pre pno[) pno[D pno[D “PPeD uooN yor ug y9 q? ye "M OF (88 = 7 ‘N Ob ,9L = 4 ‘psoljaseesy ‘Avenuef ‘1O6T PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] 291 | os | Ge | | jee | | | | 6rx | | 6a | gre ueoyN iS ot qN oI 43 | aSS O1 ° |l,% ° SD z 1€ ISTO 8 ISI of IS) 08 aS1O oot IS oo! zéto [MASS | oft Be s n919 08 | an | ? aS € 4S 8 1S 6 82 a) o 1S of 1S of IS of 4S S Ss 1 gz fo) ° ° 1S of ° 1s at Le ° 1g 1 ° ° ° ° 9% ° ° ° ° is i —S I Se aS of 1S € aS of e 3S 1 Leek an-no ue ° ||,% ° |I,00 oO ||,00 ° 1S ox |P ° 1S I €z ° ° ° ° 1S I 1S t we ° ° ° oO |/,90 oO |\,90 ° Iz ° o ||, ello L |l,e0 or ||,00 ol o% o fo} ° ° ° ° 61 oO ° ° ° ° ° gr o ° Ss z 1S z is 4 1S $ br ° fo) ° fo) ° ° gt ° °o ° IS I-o aS 1-0 IS 1-0 Cr _o fo} ° fo} ° ° $i I ro oo Zz || € 4S € 4S 6 €1 ° ° iS z 1S z IS of 1S € oI x + |i,00 € ||, € ||,00 € ||, € ||, € Ir (2 o |i, o ||, o ||, I 0 I 4S I OL x o |/,0 ° ° °o ||, ° |}, IS oF 6 é ° ° ° ° 1S si 8 o 41S b iS L il,eo —S 9 ||” 8 iS or L x) 4S ot ||, Ss ol 1S ig iS € iS I S I 9 0% | ISD oF {0% z |lo% z 10% g Esa) € ID € s x) 1S 50! lok qN OT ||/,00 1S OF ||, OT 1k aN OT ||, qN or r 5? IS| MN | ot IIco IS| MN | OF |/,90 iS | MAN | 09% IS oF |/o%° OF 109? 41S oot e o |\,0 °o IIc ° ° fo} ° z 0 || 20 o ||,00 a) ° 2 © |\,00 ° I ‘ug | ‘iq | wy ‘wy | ug | wy wy | id | wy, wy | Iq | wy way | Id | wy wg | Iq | ‘ay ae “y "I 2 cm hy 2 -pno[) e -pnory - “pnoly i ‘pnog . “pnolg . “pnoly ed IPUAL yor 48 y9 y? td “M ,oF 88 = 7 ‘Asenuef{ ‘TO6I ‘N ,6¢ 9 = & ‘piofjaseesy [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 292 ee: | ery | ler | [ez {jee | ee || wean a 4S : e : a B es 1S E o” & er? 2 ge ISTO “s < *g : e ir S Seo ae : eel “| : : 2 9 } z IS 9 |I\x0 oe = os) a a a) qN ol aN or aN or | °° qn or oi ° ng-3S z ° ° ° z o ° fo) ° ° ° ze oO fe) fo} I 1c SD ar aS ae ° ° ° ° oz 4S I 1S I |l,e0 1S (Ol ° ° fo) 61 a) Oo 15% IS ° ° ° ° ° gr oX or aN o1 aS 8 ° ° aS % ut aS of aS of aS > ° o 2 gt Ss or 1S o1 1S o1 8 ox 8 lox 8 ea ox aN z01 xk aN z0T ||, aN ZO or or ol $1 % z aS I 1S 910 fo} ° ° €1 qG-17y of IS ot 4S a) ° Q ° ZI 1S I iS € IS z o fe) fe) nay ok 4N ser aN ol qN or 1S 8 |x qN Ol lx o1 o1 aS of 4S of 4S € z 4S z 4S 6 IS Fs Ss z IS z ° ° 1S € 8 iS I 4S I ° ° i) of IS1D € L ° ° ° ° ISI g ° 9 ° ° fo) ° ° ° s ° ° fe} ° ° ° + —sS z —sS oF Ss of =|, IS 8 |lLx aN or ||, qN or € of Oe ler 8 IS 8 ° O) & e iS € 1S or an OL an or aN or OL : Tat | Aa! Ou ‘Wy | Id | “ww ‘Wy | Id | Uy ME ol SERGE. | SOY Wy | Id | wy Ty | ad | Wy. ‘Ad Id “Ad ‘Ig ‘Ig “1, “pno[D “pnoly “prold “pno[d “PholD a *pno[a AeA uooN yor yg 9 a? qe “AL OF 88 = Y (N ,OF ol = & ‘pioljyoseesy “AeNIGAT “1LO6T 293 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | [re |___ |g [fhe gl fee ee | | fot | ueoyy ° 1S of lo 1S z iS € IS S |},%0 ¢ gz qIS4) oF ° ° fo) 4S of IS of Lz 4S oF 4S oI oO |! ,00 2 || & s a) or 9e x) 8 |, 4S £ ||,90 L ||oe0 IS 8 |=x 6) = 6 Sz aN ol qN o1 ING OL aN S or |P ° qn S or ING e) se te ° ° ° fo) fo) ° Es fo) ° iS zt 1S I AS z 1S € tt ol or or qN or ng34s or 4S 1-0 1d Ss c or or SID 901 Reso Bs IS of oz ° ° ° ° IS z 1S I 61 ° ° ° ° ° ° gr ° ° fo) iS G 1S & Ss S Li 1S z IS z 1S g S { 62 S of 1S of or ° ° ° 1c I IS 6 is or Sr Be 6 |x 6 |x or ||, or |x aN 301 Ik aN zor Las oI oI o1 4S ol IS 9 iS 9 €1 oO Le} fe} oO 4S of ISD of ot ° ° iS 1-0 IS I —S 1-0 iS I TT ° |x aN 201 |, an z01 |x aN zOl ||,xk qN z0l ||, qN zOl ol ox of xk or ||, or ||, OL 7c 8 IS a 6 ce) oO ° oO 4S I BS se 8 fo) ° Ey I 4S I IS I ic I L 1S I ° ° ° 1S of IS I 9 x) ° ° ° ° 1S T 1S I ¢ ° ° ° ° ° ° b ° ° ° ° ° 1S I € oX aN ot ||, aN or OI ||,0 or 3S 9 ||, | ISD s z = 1S N or | — = or 1S or S or 4S | MN 8 | IS | MN S I a} Gr | ey MT | ALG | SE WO. | REL | “Wy, |. SEG | “aay Wy | qd | wy Uy | I | uy ‘Id Ad Ad t ‘Ad : “Id : Ad ; seg *‘pno[D “pnory pnolD pno[d pno[d propa PUN yor 48 y9 ye qe | "M OF (88 = 7 ‘N 6h ob = 4 ‘pioljeseey ‘ArenIgay ‘TO6T [2nD ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 294 | | a | | GE | ov | | | SE | HE | | |6~ uvayl ° wtp o® 1S I iS S 1 Ol L Le 4S or qn zol O1 I9 Or 1) € iste) € of oX or xk aN or |l5xk aN z0r ||,% o1 ||,00 ol 1S 6 6c 8) on ° ° ° I 1S of gz WS OL 1S oot 1S 6 1S S Ss L 1S S Le qN or qn oI qN. or |, or |x or ilo aN or 9% o% 8 ANT) £ |i | aN or aN 6. aN 0 aN or Sz 1S or ig or 1S Or IS £ iS or |},00 O1 te ie) or | as} + | as] 9 aS + 4S € 1S z &z ° ° roy ° ° ° BS ° ° 2 fo) fe) ° ° lz ° fe) ° ° ° ° lok aS E leo 4S o% ||,00 € IS ¢ 4S z 4S of 6r 1S r 3S + 1s b |/,00 —S € —S I iS S gr ° ISD at ) fc) fo) ° br S o® aS of ISD of 4S of aS of 4S I 91 wD of {1,00 1S 98! ts S Ss 8 4% Or 1S ap Cr 1S ae S$ S Ss ze 1S ao Ss of IS z Fr ° o- ° ° ° ° €r iS ol 1S gl 1S oh fo) fo} fe) oI ° fo) F fe) o |. ° ° Ir ° ° ° iS of ° ° OL 1S s IS Le 1S 6 IS + Ss z ° 6 ISO ov 4s of 1S 9 aS or 4S Ot |ioK 4S OL 8 1S 6 4S I aN 08 qN 09 qN o1 qN oI L 4S av 1S au 1S z ° ° ° 9 SO : se) $ n3S 8 4S Tj; ° S I s fo) ° fo) ° fe} fo) + WS of 1S z 1S S ¢ S ° € 4S o1 1S 6 1S € ° ° ° z ° ° ° ° ° ° I ‘ay | cq | wy wy | Id | “wy as a Wy | Id | Wy way | Iq | wy ‘wg | Iq | ‘wy Id 5 Id : “Ad , “Id : Id : ad : keq pno[D pno[D pno[d pno[) PROD pno[> uooN yor it) q9 y? ye ‘M ,OF 88 = 7 'N OF 9L = J -paolyasees) ‘YR “TO6T 295 1898—1902. No. 4.] CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. | | bee | | Gz | ot | | | L€ | | Er | Jer ues 1S I IS oF 1 of ° fo} ° 1é ok or ||,x aN or ||, aN ol a) oot Is-lD oo IS-ID of of 12) of Wo JAN78O 8 lox or |l,x te OL lok Or |x or 6% S o8 S of Ss oP! Ls-10 of ae) Che ISD of ge 1S + 1S és iS oo! iS oI 1S oot 1S or Le ok blak & 4S = |x Ss 8 4S ¥ 4S L 9z iS Loliox qN Or ||, qN Or |x an Or |ioxk qN OT |)o>k |QN-RD oI Se ox aN Or |x aN OT xk aN 0°! OX aN oot S of! lok aN On be ox qN OF || ,20 IS 8B | 9 4S Slee iS S| oF 6) S| 8 fe 1S of IS of er) oF IS ol IS olO ° oe ° ° fo) ° ° ° Iz oO oO o oO fe} oO Lord fo) ° ||, T |/,%0 z |v & 1S € 61 1S of 1S of 1S 5 1S s ISD £ IS + gr ° ° fo) ° ° fo) Lr 9 3S S S of 1S ol lo of S of gI 4S I 4S of 4S of 4S of 4S oY isD of G1 iS és 1S at iS ae 4S ae ISTO of Ss ¢ tr 1S z 4S I ° ° ° ° €r ° ° 4S I 1S or IS at 1S at I ° ° ° WS I fo) ° II ' fe) fe) °o ce) fe} ce} or ° o ° 4S I 4S z 4S € 6 9° 2 id WS of SD ar IS oD 8 ° Ss I IS € 41S Or S 8 S ot i qN or aN or IS & x aN or IS oot S or 9 ° ° ° ° ° ° s IS I ° fe) ° ° fo) v fo) ° ° 4S z 1S a 4S of € ° ° ° ° IS of 1S oI z aS é IS a aS o} 1S | | of aS or ISD oo! I ‘uy | Ig | wy ‘wy | mg | ‘ay wy | Id | wy “ay | AI, | “Uy wy | Id | ‘uy “Uy | aI | wy Id alay “Id . ‘Id ; “Id ; “Id . keq “pnol9 “pno[a pnolD ; pnolD pnory pnold PAN yor 48 49 q? ye "MOF 88 = Y 'N OF 9b = 4 ‘prolyaseey ‘YOIeFK “LOGI ° ha [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM fe} ° Ow © + fo} ° fe} o.oo COoONMO+tMA OD A tTONH +H (are) foe] aoo+roonoo+n oO r-mMmado HoH Aw HH ° H °°. °o ° METEOROLOGY. ° °° H. MOHN. °3°8 ° ° HAM+ INO MO 5 a ba ae i a Pe ee | | 4s oF IS b 1S € | as 1S or ING or lok ING ol aN aN 0°! S of ISD I qN ol ING or |i ok aN ol |ok aN ISI I bag I Ss I IS ° ° iS I 4S ie) ot fo) fo) ng IS € 1S of Ss 6 iS ISO a ISI oF sD of ISD WS ae tS ei fo) Oo oO co} 4S of 4S 9 4S s 4S qN oot aN oo! qN PF lo qN HS oo! 1S of 1S oI 4S qn o1 1S OL 1S ol 4 4S z 1S of Is of aS ISD S 4S ¢ ° ISD of Ist a 1D of 1S ° 1S I ° aS 9 }lo% | AN or |x | aN ot ||, | aN 2 © WS eS IST ° fe) 1S I IS fe} fo} fe} 1S sto & 1S r 1S s 1S aN or ||,0 aN Or |i, aN or ok aN iS € Ss co} + nods $ D of a of nS S 08 qN oo! | | IN oot 1S isl oo! IS) oo! ° o 1S oe 1S Fig 1S ‘ug | mq | wy mg | ig | wy ‘uy | “iq | wy “wy “Ig “4g “ag “pno[D _ ‘PROD “pno[lD ys Wo yy? qz 296 ‘M oF 88 = 7 ‘N OF 9b = 4 ‘proljeseey ‘Indy "1061 297 PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] ! Ler | let [et | [or | [ge | Lor uveyy — \ N| & | = N! 08 0% IQNMD| N] 8 |e laN-ng) € qN-ND z qN-8D z of qN | 8 qN or || qN o1 qN o1 qn-n9 t qNn-n9 € 6z an | OL an OL an ol qn-n9 | or qn-n9 or qn-n9 L gz Ist 3 ae) 8 ISD of IST of S19 of 1S 08 be oX qN 9 ||ox qN oI Ss O1 ||,20 IS 'AASS| OF IS MSS| 2 IS I gz 1S ae ° IS gt ° ° ° ce 1S} ol7O Ss ee: i) I ° ° ° te o ann) oF 6% |ANTO, 08 Ho? JAN'RD| N] £& |e anny! N/ * {i aNeng! NI aS 08 fz 1S € aS € 1S € | ° ° Hisae) of ze nD1S° & Is1D ky ee) of ast) of ° ° le | | ° ° SD of 1S am ° ° oz 4st) I IS of aS | 0 4S of S10 oF 4S of 61 ; as] ae aS 9 as | of | ag] ms] & 1S 8 aS 8 gi ok SN} or ||, | 4N or lok. GN. o1 aN 0°! lok | AN 02! lok | AN oot Lr ; 3S] [| or Ss or Ss) or | N oF 4S or 4S of gt 4s of Ss of Ts) of ISD, of aS of 4S of gx | asi of iS e IS e Ist I ast at sD o® tr | as! I ° aS r ISO of ce) of Isto | of €1 ° Ss z S z | E8-10 Li ISTO oF ISTO | oh i ok: IN. OT 5x GN | Z°F |io*k qN : sor ok | =| AN OF || qN or Ss oot or i ° | ° : ° | ° ° ° 6 iS: I S| I Ss 1-0 ° ° ° 8 i 45 I 1S | I-o iS I-0 co) ° ° L | aN | OF i,k qN | | gO lo qN o1 |, | IN or || | aN Ol |,X qN o1 9 ' qN ’ ot} | GN, or lox or ||, 7 oL Ss oL IS 6 ¢ 1S S | L 1S of | 4s of IS 8 ist oF ng + + 0% | 1S 1 |i,00 1S | I us S 1S g is o? IS of & i) 1S | ,or sD ob 1S oO! SID oot SD ool SD oo! z | | oO fo) 4 ° fe) 1S lt ST ot I [ | wy | ud es | ‘wg | ud | wy ‘ug | Ig | wy ug | aq | wy wg | ag =v | ‘ag | mq |-wy- e “pnorg a | poy “pnoig i “pnoig pny |S “pnoig ne “PI see ‘ 48 49 u? | qe “M OF 88 = 7 'N OF 9b = 4 ‘pioljasery ‘Tady ‘TO6T [2nD ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. | | ee | eas | | lot || | vt | | 1b | ei. wee ok | 3S| N/ of S| N| 2 sO of S| MN| ? IS 8 aS 8 1€ iS at 1S ai 1S of Ss of L ISD L of eae “ 1G | wy oF aS o1 1S or 1S or ana or] 62 as-1o0| 48 9 |x aN OT |! ox aN o1ll & qn or || *& qn or || x qN or ge ok | an OT ||, aN or | ox qN ot ||, aN or jx | aN ot |x qN or Le oX qN- OT lio aN OI | ox an ot || qN or 1S s| or oI Role) nO-1S of 1S 08 1S oot m/ oN] © | jan-no] aN] oF aN-hD | Ged WD M 9 aN ol ok qn OL ook an Or aN ol qn-ho ol te aN-2D sen aN-n5 or TNgue) o1 Ss or Ss or aN-uD or &z AN-nD ae INT) 6 Nave) 6 aN or aN ol qN or ze 4s ool 4S 08 1S oot v ° id Iz ang) N | © o> JQN-"O) oN} oF anna; oN| IS} ON 6 | NI 2 iS} ON] & oz ox qN OF Io 4N 08 | ok qN oO! | ok qN or ||, qn oI IS or 61 Ts or ng4S or an or 1S O1 1S ol 46 ol gi 1S ot aS ol ° ° ° iS Pe Lr qn-n9 s qN-ND $s € ; ° ng I ° [eye ox qn sl xk qN or qnn9 Or IN or |5xk aN or |x qn or Cr aN 6 |* | aN or|iok | 4N ot), , aN or nQ4S s 0945 or tr qn-n9 S 8 an-"D)| MS; 6 aN or) ie Or 1S ot |X |qn-n9 OL €r ok aN Ol tok JANND Ss Ireok aN Or ok (ng7S | 8 |b JANN 6 | qn9 s SI aN or ann or 1s or) ny: . 6 qn-np or 1S or ax qN-19 S ETS) ¢ S10 sf | 9 Ss 8 ww) OS} 66 o1 qn-np MS | PF ||, qN or | ox aN ol}: | an ol aN ot ||, Jqneng OI 6 ox aN or|o* | aN Or | ok aN baa 1D | 08 IID | MY] oF ok | AN Ot 8 ok aN Or || aN or |, 4k} IN oro | qN | Or 1k qN OT ||, OL L IS-1D £ aN"); N| 9 qNTD| Nj} 6 | = or qN or IS N| oF 9 ISD o® ISO of ISI of [| ° eo wD of s S10 oP IS of S of lo z iS oF ng I . aN or aN Or qn or|' | > | ! of 1s N] § 3S v € fo) ° ° | ° ° ° @ 0 | ISTO oo |= 4S of aS oP ann, 9 |= N| ? |= N| oP I ay |) aq | wy Wy | Aq | wy ag | qd | uy) | wy | aq | wy Wy | Iq | wy “ay |} Iq | “any “1g “Ig 2 Mage Las re 4 pho[D pno[) e “PROD | = | pno[D e “pno[d : PHOTD fed uoon yor u8 | u9 qt Wz "M OF 88 = 7 ‘N Ot ,9L = 4 ‘pioljasery "ACTAL ‘TO6T 909 “et PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] \- Job | | | ek | | ol | | | 69 | Jul | | job || uvow 1S N| o1 1S N| oO! qN ol) ox an or ilo aN of! Ok jaN-"D 6 | 1€ 39 € 1S of S710 € ° 1S ol : 1S gly ||) 208 Isto L ISI 8 IID} MI of IS} M!} of qnND 6 | 4N or 62 qN or ||, qN or Ilo aN o1 qN| N| © |iox qN oly ok | aN oot ge * aN or || qN o1 || x aN or || ox qN oI aN oof Ik aN or Le ox aN or |x qN or ||, qN or |) ok JGN-TD or ||, qN or ||, qN or gz 4S oL 1S Or iS oo! iS oO! aS oO! 1S oo! ce 1S I ISTO z NGO) I ISD I wid} NI & S19 z te qn-ng OL aN ol qn or qN or anno or qNn-n9 ol €@ qn-n9 NM] or qn-ng OL qn-n9 or qn-ng Ol qn-n9 S|] o1 qn-n9 i 6 Zo aN OL aN OI ||, qN or || ox qN ool IS 92 aN ool Iz 4S of lox qN or ||, qN or | ox qN 50! ||, aN 30! ||, qN or oz 4S 6 qN or qN o1 qN or |x qN or ||, qN oot 61 iS OL 4S OL 1S ol IS or IS or IS or gr IS I fe) fo) fo) ° fo) Li 1S of ° INGO) I INT] Nj & AN") MN] @ qN-uD € gr ox 4S I 1) MS, °F | aN or || ox qN o1 ||0x qN or ||, qN or Sr oX aN or |i aN or aN oI qn-aD, OL aN or aN or Fr nD4S or 1974S o1 IS s aNnD] S| & INGO) S| b qN-"D S|; & €1 qN-n9 or || qN-n9 Or ook JIN-ND or |) ok (QN-n9 Or ok JINN ol qn-n9 of SI ok |AN-n9 $j aN ° ann 8 qN-"D 6 aN oof |i, aN OL II 0 or | ie) oot qN-nD S| 8 AND} SS} of Se) Ss} & qN-n9, S| 6 o1 1S ob 4S z ISD of qN-nD ¥ qN"D} MsS| * GND) MSS | ,O2 6 ok jana or 5% jqN-n9 or ||, J4N-D O1 || ox qN OI ||, qN or aN")| MN} 6 8 ok aN O1 qN 6 qN| MN| 8 | ox qN or ok aN or ||, qN or L o& [AND s done) =) 48 ie) of ° ° ° 9 4S or is} Ni © aNTD/ N] 8 ISD [MN] of ISTO] MN] of Sa) of s ° sD of ISD of Esme) of S19 z S19 et + nQ-10 9 nj-15 8 n94S L nD 8 ng-4s 8 qN 6 € 4S a 41S I IS ol ° ° ° z o 1S ot ISD L ISD 6 IS1D of | 4S 6 I ay | 1g | ‘wy ‘uy | dg | wy ‘wy | iq | ‘ury wy | tg) ‘uy ‘wy | dg | ‘uy | ‘wy | aq | ‘uy | “1 "a a ‘Id ‘I : bie ic el Cea ———— < “pno[ . “pnol s “‘pnog “pnojg < “pnojg | . “pnory ma IPUN yor 48 y9 y? ye i "M OF 88 = 7 'N ,O¢,9L = & ‘pioljasees - “ACI “LO6T |2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM MOHN. METEOROLOGY. H. 300 ge ees aes eee } | tes Ive Jot | det |e ey ON S a ee ee = ee aN or ot 1S or || of : 1S 3 S 8 nS 9 IS s 1S I 1S ot 6a ist s 1S 1S ol aS or ol qn or ge Hat) 6 | a) ey is ae ae or} isto) ms | ms} 3 fe AN 10 AN Ss 8 qN ol 1S ol WS or oka eS, les, ey SP ese Ve) 1 ee ee ee : : ‘ zy SD I 4S 1-0 iS ‘s IS|ANN | of AS *6 is-ly z01 1s “or 1S oI 1S °6 €e = WS ANN a . 4S N € Bist) + nj35| MS | 6 npIs| MS | 8 n9-1S a L ae ° DS N or 1S or xk 1S or Ss or qNn-no or 1a of OI [1k ol Ss 301 iS or 1S or or 0% a a : as o1 ISD ad is| AN L 1S 6 WS L 61 4 Z 4S Ss : 1S S oI 1S or IS or {5X Ss S or gt 2 Ss S ° IS ox or ||, aN or |,x qn or ||,x aN OL Li ° aN or lok | aN oof [KO or lk | GN ot ok | 4N or ok | 4S On|) ; “IN nD | MAS qN Or lx OL or ||,x aN or ||, | qN oI G1 xe! OF | 2 or aN oI aN or QN-09) MAS | OF ANTS} MS | OF tr | aN oI D74S 6 |x |ag-35 S |o*& | MOIS S xk [nNOS Siok, 3S 8 €r 25 = : Pe ool aN or ||,x qn or ||, aN or | an Oo SI 5 I OL iS oL 1S ol 41S o1 Qn-hD or Pea IS OI 4N OL aN or Ss or 1S oT |/,0 aN OI OI ‘agaa| oN | & asto| ax | ? Iw] N] & Ist g 9 S1O| aN | 9 || 6 be as 8 ‘ 3S| AN | 08 iS| AN | of S| AN! ? isto] an | § panei ol Es vel es] 8 qN-2D/ N 3S} NI & iS} N! o& NGS) L nO4S o1 njys| N| ? L ook | qN fone * aN or > qn or |/,xk qN or ok qn ol qN or 9 aN ANTS I ° n9 I 4S I is} AN} 1 $ N-ND qN-nD 8 nO; NY] @ nol nN) € nD) N] °F ‘ann 8 i 1S ol qs of ie) I RINGS) & qN-n3 I a5 ¢ € | ® | 08 [ok , aN ork | WN or |l,x | aN oot |ok | aN or |iok | qn or || z | an | OI aN OT ||,00 qn 1 ||,0 | ING OI |/,90 | qN or 1s N or I wy | Pirai | uy wy | aq | wy ‘wy | aq | wy my | mq | wy wy | iq | ‘uy wy | ug | wy | “Ad “Id ‘Id ‘Id ‘Ig Sel; pno[d, “‘pnolg “PnoyD “PnoID “proj : “pnol et uooNn yor 48 q9 q? qe “mM OF (88 = 7 ‘N OP 9b = hb ‘piofyoseey ‘aunf “1O6T 301 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] ‘aunf ‘1061 | oL jt | Lol | | log yj | | let || | [| &g | | [et ues | i83g xy ou | | isla N| 6 hase Ni] L x | Sad 6 | 1S" N| 6 IS“ Ni 8 of | is} OT =O} WN. or [=| aN or =O; 4N or [=e] WN or qual S| 6 6z o jf ° o |e © 4s ee °° o IP ° Ss r Pa ge - IS} ays | 6 is; MS 8 NIIS) MS | 9 SW) MS] 6 | S| MS} 8 wt} os] & Le M | oe si Mj} Or Si mM) 6 IS} A | ot! —S oI ae) gs | on oz 1S ol 1S OL S$ Or is ol | 4S ol 1S OI iw S19] as | 2 itd) aS | WS} os| aS So as S| 9% SIO] S| o% te 1S JANN | of 1S 1-0 1S 1-0 o | we; | et nj-4d| an | tj &e *® IN cor *¥®) 4N or |k ©} AN o1 1S o1 aoe) oe 8 is} NJ] & ae : n71g} a}] 6 |? [ngug) a] S$ PF |POIS| az) g 1944S 605 IS 6 ||, or || 12 qn-n9 or aN-29 Or aS a 6 |lo%&k GN-nD Or \|52k | ot ||,© Or ot 6 astol “* | g IST 6 ISA 6 | iS of |/>K ANNO or || 61 1S 6 aS of | == 1S or 1S or (© | qn ol 1S oL gr BO 1S ie or | 1S S or iS S oI 1971S L | 1S S or ngs S L Lr ok | AN o1 aN or IG o1 IS or | ng-15 6 |k®| 4N or || 91 aS or ISD 6 4S | or nS or | nds or Po imoag; Ms |e Sr ox qN or I, ® qN. or xe aN Ol'k©, IN or jx © ot |x © or tr IS ol | an or aN oF |P an oof aN ox |? qn OL €1 ox 4S 8 |: 1S L IS 8 qN or !'5x qN or ng-41s 6 aI i aN or qN or aN or aN or |xX=! qn or | kK= ol II ox qN or |i GND or ||, | 4N oI 1S or |P ° 4S o1 |P ° is oI o1 | GN or 48-14 z std oe 4 St ele IS N z ISA N z 6 ISD N 8 isi | oN! 9 ts10} an | o8 asto| an | ? 1S N! 8 41S N | 6 8 20-45 a 9 09-10 = 9 QNn“h®D N 8 qN-nD € qn-n9 N 8 qn-n9 N 9 L nm; NI 2 m/ N} * Ike) GN] NI E aN or [ok | aN or QN"D/MN | Ot] 9 qN o1 qN| N_ 6 7 qN | or qN 6 aNTD| Ni 8 IN"D| AN | 9 s S| AN | @ is] AN | ? QN"D) AN | 6 eNGIUS) 6 ||, qN oI qN-n OL + qn-n9 or qn-uD 6 aNmD, N} L qn-nD ¥ 1993S ¢ n-1S + € ie) s qn" 6 |} Janna) a) 6 AND 6 |x qN or jo | 4N ot z ok qN o1 ||, aN | or ||, aN ee qN o1 qN . or qN ox I : | { wy | ad | wy ‘ug | iq | “ury ‘wa | Id | ‘wy ‘uy. | ig | “wy wy | Ig | wy wy | ud | ay “I “T a ‘ "T “I E "] on “ “pnoly . “phola - *pno[y, “pnola 7 “pnolg ss “pnola rae IPN yor ys 49 a? ye ‘M OF 88 = 7 ‘N OF .9L = 4 ‘pioljaseey [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOUN. 302 METEOROLOGY. [ &g | | [Sg | | [18 | | 18 [ees | seen qN-TD| MN | OF AN-tO| MN | OF qN or |=) aN or || =] aN ryt - o1 1 ng-1y or 1974S or ng7S or ng-31S or n9-1S or | | | on of o® |qN-a or |L © — or |,© |qn-agq o1 qN-q or qn-laq or | ON 6 6e AS) a ie © a or ||,® |qn-a or Ed qN--Ly o1 || © aN or 68 | qN oI gz or | = aN or (= aN or |=e@ qn OL qN-ly OI Lz qN-Aq 0°! |, aS or qN-Ay Or 0 qn or = aN or or 9% ° : ° IS qN ol iS © qn or *®, IN oF S of heat or || to lN a} 2% |e® qN or ||,© aN or |/° aN or ° aN or &z i = et : oe ngis| M | & ng of 9 : oe : “ay aN or aN“ 9 qN~d 9 QN--l 1z qN-19) AN 8 aN" or qN oI an-n9 N| 6 Gana N or ||, jGN-no oI 0% ok qN o1 aN or aN or or or qN-n9 or 61 AD) ee | AN sor | ©} qn 201 |,>kO| aN or |=} aN or ns] M |} t gt IS | MN an zO1 |io © or 1,0 ING zOT ||,© aN or ||, | 3S | AN 8 Lt ase ie oT 6 | aN ae or aN or |,@ | aN or |, | aN or or || 9r aS or n4s| M 0974S i) z aS a $1 is} My & a94S 8 n9-4S 6 | @| aN 8 qN or 1S 8 tI sD] 4 SID oo SID} NI oe S19 6 Nae) o1 aN-nD or || €x vets ° isto} 6S ISO o1 9 tO] N | o@ S90 9 aI a8 | MN | .oF 1S| MAN | 66 ISD "3 ist 4 ee) “9 ISD *s TI te} fo) ce) oO qn fe) Oo orl n4S) N| & n71S; N| © S| N] 1 nNOS € nO-1S $ "1S; N| 8 6 S N 6 aN or qN on aN or aN Or WS or 8 1S) MN OF IS) MN o1 aN BOL IS | MN OT IS | MN 8 1S $ L qN |) MN ‘Ox | AN] AN oF qN a OL aN or |, ® aN or |,9 aN or 9 NOS N 9 S| MN s aN or aN Oo aN OF 5% aN Ox ¢ qn ol qn ol aN or feING orl aN or [0% qN or + aN ol qN or qn ol an zOl qN or © aN or € IS) MN | OF S| MN | 6 4S 6 aS & IS 3 4S , 1 z ° | ° aS I SID] N | oP WID] N | & 's)| ON) $ I { ‘wy | ig | vury wy | Gg wa | td | wy wy | iq | wy wg | aq | wy | wy | ug | wy ag re sta e i ar “pnog “pnoly PMOL “pnojg 5 “pnoyg ] e “pnorg ma uooN yor ys y9 q? ye ‘MOF (88 = 7 'N Ob 9b = ‘AInf “LOGI 4 ‘psoljaseey | ' jog ‘ | 1g & oO i | | CL i | og | 6L : = | ng-1S 0! nD3 O1 a | : | | [bb uray 2) es, be) esr pe; eer fel ee, 2p es, Se) Se ey OL oI -n te ngy3S or of ) ie as aNd or ea ne ae = IN" or aNd or || 6z , 8 qN ot ||,© qn ax le | at asian N e : qN-wa or qN-ld ot = = aN OF | == qn o | = qx ne es 5 a o8 [FN OI | IS “ot Le i JON-A4 or qn ot | ay eee NAG cu qnN-Ad 3ot |lh® lana. ss is cies i IN“ OL nO-15 t | @ iq de YS ANN | ,01 | qn or cz | © IN or || © aN o1 || © qn “ot |°@ BAe = ok ©} IN or |,® | 4X) or te | aS rh ANT OF an-n9 or iq os o1 of r Bs Or ifoS aN O1 €z i 9 S| N|{ 10 | = 1S AAS . nIS MS | jnmO1s, MS | 9 ze I ISA 8 NYS L qN-"9 Z aN-1) eae N € ¢® san N 6 ee rai ox aN | or io Janno ox ||, aN o1 || | 4 MN e nS | MN L IS N b ot S hep ns a aN") ox Nn 6 | ages ee | aN or |k IN or || 61 = 5 (INTO) MN | OF qN-19/ MN | © QNTD}) MN | OF SI) M 6 4N or an eu gi as Peis hs a GN-7D/MN | 6 aN79/ MN] 8 ented ree eas : aes, S| 2 Lr € ! M / 6 S or QL Eo mpasl a] @ agag| |e ae eee es aN] Mo aN orl) ee 3 | q 2 | Hake i oe iam of 1973S : - ie an on ie = EG o ' N- or -n Q ° st Tt = | ae : pe i qN-1 et aN-"D | ie ana ot er ie es Os isto] mn] S as | | ° ; BD of jsp 6 fom . , nQ-4S y ¢ i ° 0971S ee nj45 a ; ‘ ‘ nd4S n*- , - S npas| wl lke | as ce h@| aa) | | "94S MN] 9 nigsimn | - | 8 ze ONE |) 8 MN | °F IS; MN | 6 S| MN | OF a a Ke Pl se i 28) SN or IS/MN| OF |,@) aN| AN | © ae tsp lege) ane ee : a an ee | pe aN or },@ | aN or aN su@l as | agdlete! eh | cee is|MN| 6 |S | o% | aN o1 || a qn or aN or IP aa eal ©) 4N or x © aN or + f as oI IS or ||, isl am | et 1S Be AN o1 qN o1 € | | IS € isi ni ? ce <2 . : IS oN | OF as | AN | or e eS. 2 | | ° I Z| | | See he at | | ay ‘uy | Iq | wy ‘wy | dq | wy ‘ug | aq | wy ‘wy | gq | ‘wy et es | : Ad : ‘Ig x ; z eee ve pnel e “‘pnoy a ‘pnolg “6 ‘pnor seq 2 | ls ie u8 yo ut ye ae “M ,oF 088 = 7 'N Rola o9l — + -paofjasees “A[n[ ‘TO6GT [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM 304 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. ‘splwMYNOS SuryIOM ‘profjaseey oy} ur Lem sopun aaquiajdag yyS ay} 07 JsnSny yyS1 ey} wor , =) 9U} ur P q S aye oy Va | | 1'g | ! job | | [LL hoi |e | | [OL | | [re | ween = nos N| ot "94S | AN| 6 IS o1 ISAT |AMANN| OF |= | 9S1D| AN | €& QN| N| off 7€ 'AS-ad 6 Sd L ND3S/ AN) & nD19 L nD+19 08 aS 6 of jasi| | ¢ 1S-1D € || er z “re1o| ax |? asa} L nj4S|asH| 8 || 6 L8-dd | AN + Is ¢ |r . e as-to| “a ista| = nD4S |ANA}] oF nQ4S or Ss or IS or 8 1S 8 IS e 4S ‘a ING ol or || 5© qN oI Le nd3S| as| 6 n93S5| aS| 9 nO4S| AS) 9 8 nj74s| AS | 6 nD] as} 6 92 S o1 ig || S| as| + IS o? aS + IS g gz aS 06 asad of aS oP SI “Ss as of aS of te aS or 1 oI qn oI aN or |i. qn OI IS OI cz IS or IS-1y or IS 6 1S 6 ISD 6 or ze oX qN or |x aN or ||, qN or ||, aN or nQ3S 6 | ok |qN-a o1 lz nas °° 1S OI an oI 1S or 1S N OL 3S or oz GN |Mss} © qN o1 aN z01 qN zor qN gor qN or]; 61 S| aAS| oF n34S| S| or nD4S o1 ann} S| oz nas} Sj} 6 QN"D|aSS| OF]! gt aN 8 8 qN or ||,6 qN| aS} ot/,@© an} as! o1 |,@ | aN or!) ,© | aN ory bx qN o1/|,® aN o1||,© qN o1 n94S or ng4S o1 nD4S ool] Ot ISD g ISD ot ISD I z € ISD oF | St ° | | ° ! | fo) ° ° | | oj Fr NOAS| MN! & ISIO|TMN| © |i, is | 6 nO4S of |I,>k IGN-ND or aS 6 «81 * qN o1|| x o1|,* © o1|\,x qn or jl aN | orf! ok | aN o1 cae ng-4S ol 4S or 4S or qn-nD or qn-ng or qn L TI IS oI 4S 6 IS) aN) 8 ISO I ° ° or 4S € IS} nN] & IS 8 4S 0 8 4S 9 6 ISD of ie) Xr ° ° ° ISD € 8 oO ANA 6 | = ana or qN-Ayq oI qN-Ay or qn-n9 or qn-n9 or L qN-t OTK JIN Ol ioxk aN Ol ok or qN ol aN or 9 qN-1d o1||,0 qN ol ok ©) IN °1),,8 qN o1 qN or 1S oI s LS) aN or}| C= qn ai ING o1 nc fone n9-15 or n9-3$ or 4 n9g3S | MS or ng34S Or e |ng71S 6 qn-ng or qN Or |] 60 qn ol £ qn or 4S ol IS or W or |},@ |qn-n9 or or G ng14S | ool ng-4S of ng-3S 6 IS or nQ-4S ool nga oot I | | | wq | ud | ‘wy wy] rq | uy wy | wid | wy wy aq | wy my | aq | ‘wy wy | ig | wy | “gd “Id J ‘Id ; “Ig | “Ig | —— Id | seq “pnoyg pno[p pno[D “pnojp “pho “pnoly UOOoN yor yg 49 yP ye ‘ "M ,oF 688 = 7 ‘N 6h 9L = & ‘piofjaseey ‘ysnbny “TO6I 305 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] ‘splemyjnos Sulryiom ‘piofjaseex ayy ul ABM sapun sJoaquiajdag y4S oy} 07 ysnsny yySI 9Y} Wold , | | &8 |9°8 | | ='g || | Eg | | tg | [eL|| uesp L |= N| 8 IS | AN | °F IS-d | AN | oF ISA) AN | 6 S44 | AN| © 1€ aN N or | = 41S N| © ||_ = Isa € = L ISM MANN! Of iS 6 of 4S ¥ IS € aero ice of ; ABS oF Peto of Ee-10 € 6z aS 8 Isla oot “Te10 e ISH |AAN | 6 Sd | AAN| 9 ‘te1| a|? || ge oI 6 nj34S mo) 1S ol 1S or 1S 6 Le aN or ng34s or an or qN Or |,® [Gn-nD or Ila qN or ge ng aqas| 6 4S ol n9-4S ool nj4S$ oI n9Q-3S OI ||,00 IS oI Se 1S 92! 1S oot 1S ool 4S 6 | aS| 6 IS] AS},01 te 4S v 4S 8 ND-4S [ASS | OF ng4S 6 4S o1 1S or &z IS or aN oI ||, qn OI 4S oL ng-1s oi 1S ol oe ox aN or || \QN-ad oT lok | IN-T or qN-ad or qN-44 or ||,xk = ANd o1 IZ 1974S Nj; 9 ng74S Nj. 8 n575; N| & nj3s| No? nO-4S5 NI.S ng-1s |ANN | ? oz IS or iS or iS or 4S ol IS or qN oI 61 qN or qN-ld Ss or qN-R9D} S| OT aN Or an or 4S S | or gr QN"O| as| © qn-n9] aS} & nd} as} 4 j.8 qN| S| 8 |,© aN s| et nD| as) + tr 99 aN or S or qN or 1S 6 S| aAs|L 1S 6 91 n9-1S$ _ | OF ng3s ool 1S Ol 1S 8 ieee L SID € St ISD of ISD o ISD ot ISD of ° ° tr wekess) I isval NI & iS € ISA Ag 1S I ISTO | AN | FY £1 0 of ||, AN | ANN | 0° {lok aN or ox aN or ||,>k qN or ||kOV| 4N or|) er qN-A4q ol qN-l4 of! ||oK® JIN Ol |} o*X © (qnN-ND ol qn-n9 ox |p ng-4S or II aN or aN or lke aN oI Ox CINE Or Lk © ING ‘Or 1S or or IS-1yq 1 IS x aS I 4S ¥ —S 6 S| AN | 9 6 — 8 || | IS OF Tigi be OT {19% ISA or ng-4s o1 Teta € 8 z8-19 9 ISO 09 sto | ax | IS) ON] 9 IS4a| NN] 9 nas |, # qn") or nO4S 08 18-10, 9 ES-10 8 qN-nO or NGS) 6 9 aN o1 qN-A4 or qN-4 or qN-d 6 aN 6 qN-24 z s 1S ol > : ol QN-l ol QN-Ad or qN-l4 or qNcely or v o® [AND or 9-47S| MS| 6 ISTO | MS | ok ISTO [MS | 09 nD-31S | MS | 8 nD-4S | MS | 6 e a) aN or ng-3s OI qn ol aN Or |, 8 qn Or L® qn-n9 ol z or ol ng31s ol nO3S | MS} Of n9Q31S | MS| 6 njy-4s oor I i ag | Iq | wy ‘uy | ag | ‘wy ay |g uy wy |g puy ‘wy | ud fay wy | uid pay “a ‘Ig ‘Id ad ‘id BE § & 5 “pnolp “phoja “phol9 "pno[a “pnoyD “prog eel “PIN yor 48 y9 q? 4 "M oF 988 = 7 ‘'N OF 9L = & ‘psolyaseesyy ‘ysnbny ‘TO6I =) N {2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 306 |__ les | iro tee ek le | [bo |__weaw ox GN or ||, qn OI |x aN or | ING or qn | OL ng1S N + of i) =e oot aN OL Eee | ak s 1S oF || ,00 1S 8 ||,% Ss of 62 O45} N] 8 WD] N} oF an} nl 9 aS s n94S + NS g ge x) AN} nN | ot | = qN| NJ oF | c= an MN | 8 ING o1 aN oI qN ol Le aN ot lk | aN or | aN or |x | aN or |x | 4N or ||, | 4N or || 9 8-10 oO |oXK qN 6 aN oI Ol ok or 8 Se ox aN oF ||, iS Ss ox aN or |], JQNsa or |\,00 GNA or |], JQNiat o1 be IST & IS z aq] nN | oF ISD 8 4S Z 4S ¢ ee = IS Se || == | 3s rt} =las z ° ° ° tad —S I 1S z ° 41S € Ss I ° 1e ia} N | 6 Sta] N | 6 Sad] N ] oO! ISAT or IS or ISA or Ce: Ista | MN | OF IS) MN | oF SAA; MN] oF ISA | MN | OF sta} MN | © oS $ 61 eee z ng4S s n9-1S or 1S oI 1S or ING or gi zet0| an | & WI] aA) € Same Rl) oh ISD L 4S 6 {1% |IN-d o1 li Wa} yy | 6 1S-AY N| ot 1S 6 qn-n9) N {oF qn} N | ot an} NI oF gI ok fAN-hD £ Work JANN ol lle | qn or |. | IN 6 ok | aN or aS of $1 n9-1S 6 93S 6 |l° k aN or njz1s| NN] 6 n91S 8 19-35 L +r n9-4S or ny19 6 |I° 1S 06 1934S 6 1S 501 Ss ol er fe} ° ° ° 1S + 1S 9 ZI ‘tsp | ™ | of “rei, |e IST Z ISld X IS X o |} or ° ° ° 4S Pa is/ MN | 9 4S o1 o1 ISD z Sal z Ss 1-0 n9-1S$ ae n9-1S 6 IS-d | MN ol 6 aN O1 aN o1 qn -ot ||,>x aN or || x aN or ||, qn 301 8 ox qN 701 isha ol IS-Aq ot || = qs| 6 |= 6 —S I L aeros “| ¥ as! ox | ? je | an! NI ot aN or aN or isaal oN] @ 9 1S I 1S of 15% aN] MN or N or aN or qN or +S} ng4S o1 nD4S “98 4S or |, qN o1 aN 6 or 4 aN or ],% | GN} aS] °F i, aN} aS] ot lok | IN} AS} 9% aN ot S| WS} oO e 93S) aS 6 pets] BP] ws] as| + n4S| US|] 8 gs | 9 S| as] * a —S S| 42 iS al 1S I n9-3S 8 IS} Ny] 8 |= sw} NY § I ul liq | ‘wy uw lq | ‘wy wy | ‘aq | wy my | Ald | wy Wy jd | uy wy Pitas wy . a i “4 “I Ig “7 = “pno[y be “pnoly A “pnojg “PRIN “PnoIg - “pnolg fed uooN yor 48 qo ye qe "M ,8£ 88 = 7 ‘Nor 9b = b “y,9 ey} woy pioljaseey ‘szaquia}dag ‘TO6T 307 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | [SL | | [SL ~ a | | | es A | L: oe ox aN or|,* | 4N ace : aa eet | ae a a 7 aN OF |i qN Or |i an ae nos oF Ilo aN or aN ol of 4S ol n9-1S N ¢ sf 1S Be oX aN zOl 1S or Ls-ua -. 6c ol q = on fe) 20. ox aN ot || xk a is aN or |x | GN ox ||° qN or om jRO3S| Ni} @ Le eee ! - ok at 50! Nok aN O1 pepe z, aN oI ge co oz N Ol ok qN 6 |l_x £ ox qN oI Se ys IS ale ie ee + Ie lang} aN | 2 |i - S ix | ast *or | te iS I 1S " T [2 IS z coo Is . qn-va| N| & &s 1S I *& lane + : 1 1S z Is-ad x | 2 1S r ce IS-4q 6 |l° ee Be ita] | ot lox fag] x} © lox ligua] oN ‘ S e rz 1S + 1S I ae a isa or P| ygeag 8B ox [3sad] NI] 6 oe aN o1 4S cores s is-19 ig NUS \ IS os er ok JAN or |, |IN-4 | Ay ¢ 2 ngis| GN | ot ajas| AN 6 oro) “| 8 i aN 8 | anno ni ook Jansajpan |? Hook Jana] MN | 9 |look | tS aes a1) ay 4 Lr 4S ° aS a all eae 8 jo JAND € |/° 1s-19 Wud] NY 91 Is-wa 1s-ua aN 6 |x aN 6 np3S{ N| *% | ANT) Ny + $x no-1s 9 no-18 L Ig-¥d Is-ud * IN oI 0974S 6 ¥ 1S (6 1s 5 00-1S 8 18-19 N| £ is i FS 1s a 6 SIF L 08 nOQ4S or €r s ve 4S 6 Ig-Md Nig fon NG € ISD ig ° EL 1S I Is-19 L910 : aes N I os-aa N iS oI 1S Z iS-4y I ° we10 LS-10 e II 8 Is L ° fe) ol isa | MN |S 1-4 or 4S . 0-10 N ASD z ny19 c 6 = = GN ° : = aN zOl || = qn 01 aN oe a MN - i] M | ef iS ol 8 aS of 4S & Soa, *¢ iH Palle : a sor aN zo L S is-1ID no-¥ g | 08 ae NX 6 Ls-8a N + = Wit} Ny} saa] oN | oF iS-4y ol is x aot os8 i | GNI N|{ OF IS-q oI Sly = or ws | ae) ¢ is| N| ? l € S ok | 3S or |, JaN-nO 6 |x [ann ° ates 7 jel se IS-td or || + np3g| aS} oF ot ||° ae on Nae) oe o0f ok | AN oot aN “or || asto| ax | ° o| aul of | as] ¢ | aN or [ok | 4N| as] oF jlo* [ROWS] AS} © || = | ° mn} 0 1S of as) of IS om T wy | qd | uy wy | cag | w wm ; ‘ - Ag : sll ii) ited wa | SL “UT | ECL | PE ‘mg | 1g ce ‘ Ad He : no . : Ad i é pnoly pno[d pnola “pnoy) id —— 1d , keq : pno[D} PUAN yor ag qd rad ye "M ,8& (88 = 7 ‘N oF of = db ‘saquisajdag “yaQ et} Woy profjasevy, ‘TO6GT [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 308 Sr mPa | a | Lg | |L9 | $9 | &9 | Jorg || ueayy z ° sto N| 8 ISD 6 + . t f N aN| N]| 8 1€ ue 4N eal aN pe ok QIN Or Ok aN OT ox qn Or | ok aN OL of is ae oot is S or 4S € 1S + 1S € 6z “ on : i us xk or ||,x or ||, aN nor gt z= i 1S or iS OL 8 L 8 Li : 1S z fo) 9 |)/,90 8 ||, 6 91 S 08 4S 6 ||, | aN or ||, 1S or —~S “Or or St Ss 6 1S of |x qN O1 S + ° br aS ce m7S/ S| 9 | S|] ? |x z ° © ex 4S or IS ool 1S gl ° 1S a 1S SG aI aN oh qN-n5 or 1S € 1S € 41S € ° Il IS z WS £ 1S + S I ||,%0 1S € ||,e0 z or ° ° ° a ° ° 6 ° ° ° ° ° ° 1S or 1S or ° ° ° ° t an rs ox qn Or lox an or ool ° nS Sz 9 isd ISA 8 4S I ° ° ° s I 1S ai ° ° ° € + ox CINE Or ||, aN oI ||/5* an Or |x is o1 |S 1S or oI € is OI Suny OL IG-1yq 6 IG-1q 9 ° ° z Ss I | ° fo} 1S € 1S € ° I ay | “la. ay ‘wy | Iq | wy HY | AIG | “uy ‘Wy | Iq | wy “Uy | IG | uy way | tq | wy “Ig “4g “ag “ag of ay “PpRoly “PHOlD ‘PaolD “‘pnola ; *pno[D 5 “‘pnola AMC uooN qor yg ris) y? qe “M (8& (88 = 7 ‘N ov 94 = 4 ‘proljaseey *“1aqWaAON ‘TO6T dll PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. 1898 —1902. No. 4.] | | ae | \6-2 | | | o€ | | o€ ov lar ueeyl ° | o ° | ° I | 0° of ° ° ° ° ° I 62 ° ° ° |\,e0 ° 4S I-o = 1-0 ge S o © IST & ° IS a is-1o bt Le ook 9 ||,% S lx v ||,c0 € ||,00 z IS S 9e IS I 4S I 1S co} 1S z 1S I 1S I Se IS19 S |[,co | ISD xe) ISD of ISD of IS of 4S of te nj7S| MS | & 1973S} MS j 1S I IS € 4S I-0 its I €z ° ° ° ° ° ° ae a) E |] ,e0 € 1S o? 1S + IS € 1S b Ie iS 08 Sd L Sa g IS4d ¥ “1810 v IS 9 oz ° ° ° ° ° ISAT 6z 61 O1 or ol or oI qn ol gi eck CIN zO1 aN o1 ° 1S oI IS oI IS oI Li L s S + IS € IS € Ss € gI ° ° ° 1S z IS L IS 6 Sr € v s ° IS z 1S z FI L ¢ 6 L iS z Ss I €1 oe ° + € + L lox aN o1 Ss oI eI 1S z ING 8 ox qn 8 ae aN Or qN or aN or LI oO ||, ° ||,00 I 1S I ° Ss I or 0 i ° ° fo) ° ° 6 ° ° ° ° iS ae ° 8 fo} fo} ° ° aS zor iS gol L ° °o xk qN Or ||, aN oI aN oI aN o1 9 fo) ° ° fo) ISA 1-0 ISA I S ° ° ° ° ° IS ol 4 ax aN or or 6 °o |x qn oo! {lok ING or € + or || + or I} o1 oI IS-q ol IS-q oI z ° ° ° ° ISA N € ISA N c I “Uy | Id | “ary AOE, |) AC | TR My ARC | Ca way | Aid | wy ‘Wy | Iq | “wy hb aE | SY: “d ee : a “4 St BA x “Pno[d z “pnoly ‘ “prod Zi “PND . “PROTD . “pno[d ed “PUN yor 48 49 q? qe "M ,8& 88 = 7 ‘19QWaAON ‘N oF gL = 4 ‘pioljasver ‘TO6T [2D ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 312 | lore | [Lb | | rs | [Le | + | | lob | uvayy IN % 1S € 1S I ||,00 o |/,00 ° ||,00 ° 1é 4S I 1S 1-0 ° ° ° ° of 4S of oo! ox o1 ||, or ||,00 OI 6 6z ox = me . 9 gOF ||,00 6 ||,00 Is} aS | 8 + 8 He fe} I ce) fe} GS aS ot 1S ol 1S gl 4S I o ||,0 1s or 9% AN Or | aN O1 4S o1 —S oI is oI 1S or Se 0%? 4S oPL ||, 1S oot es + 1S (Ol IS oot Ss Ol be = S iS PF li,eo 1S L ||,e0 © ||,00 1S z ||,00 ° € I IS I ° fo) {o) co) ° oe 2 ; 4S 8 axk Ss ISD oo! Is Ot ji € 1z 4S ° ° o °o oT ae z + I 4 ° fo) ° ° 61 fe} ° ° ° ° ° gi 1S 9 IS 6 ° ol or ||,x ol Ex “ . wok or Or ot |, or o1 = IS I I G zc °o I 0? oP! |},09 oot ° ° ° ° Fr + ° fo) ° ° ° ° €r nS 1-0 ° ° fo} ° fo) oI 4S I IS zw 1S I ° 9 ||, qN oI Ir 1S L 4S b |) ,00 1S + |x z |lskoo 6 ° OL | 35 € jo | 35 z ° o |p ° e e < ox qn or ||, qN or |Ioxk aN or ||, ot ||, ot || ox 9 8 oX aN O1 ox qN or ||, qN o®F [lok aN o1 ||, qN or ||, aN oI L o” aN 6 ||,00 aN L |iqe0 aN v IS z or aN or 9 1S € TS z 4S € ok aN € ox qN 9 |l,x aN oI s 0? 1S 9 |1,% Ss ||, S |i,e0 $ € 3 + ” 1S € 00 1S + ro) 9 L 9 ro) ° € 4s or 1S oo! ISD of ISD & Isl bi ° co ° ° ° ° ° ° I ‘wy | Id | ‘uy ‘wy | Id | ‘wy Wy | Id 7 wy ‘wy | qd | wy ‘Wy | Iq | wy Wy | Id | “uy dd “Id ‘dd ‘Id ‘Ad “Id keq “pnolD “pno[a “pnola “pnola, “pnolD “pnold uooNny yor 48 49 a? sib "M ,8€ 88 = 7 ‘N OF gL = d ‘piolyaseesy “IaquisI9q ‘TO6T 313 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | je |e | iee | || ee ont || det i) wean > ¢ c Ol O1 or re oO |/,%0 I ce) I (8 I |/,00 ff 4S G of ° ° fo) ° fo} ° 62 L 8 aN oof | | AN 9 |.* | aN oP ok | aN oof || ge + i. 9 ||,%0 S || ,c0 F |i>keo < IS w Le ° i ° IS ot |P IS of 1S ol gz IS oP! 1, ° 15 oot Xs x) iS z qn OL Sz iS Ol 46 OL tS oe 41s oot aS oot IS or te IS oo! aS 0° 4S S$ |}.% 1s} ASA| * ||, Ss rl aS e ge 1S 52 1S ool KS oot IS oot IS of IS x oe oO |),% ° ° © |,%0 fo) 3S I Iz ° fo) 4S o® IS € fe) IS I oz ° ISI 09 S| MN | oF aS of IS & | € 61 iS € 1S + 1S S-1 IS z 1S € ° gi oO} + o | + o |i + roi a IS I Li or Or |x Ol |x or or or QI $ 1S I 1S z ox aN or ° IS z Si ° ° © lk | .4N 0°! Ilo aN 0°! lo aN oo! br at o let oO |e ° o |b fo) + fo) €r ° fo) fo) ° Ss I-0 1S I-0 Sl i) ° & ° ° 1S T iS 1 Ir 0%? | IN o8 jo | IN 0 |[5% as & ||,00 aS z |),% aS 8 aS 8 or ° |, ° 6 ||,00 o |I,0 oO |\,00 g 6 ° ° ° ° ° |x, * L 8 oX € ilk qn Or Ok qn oI 5x ING oP! ok qn 0° |I, NG or L oX | 4N °F |lokK | AN off lok | AN ork | aN or},* | IN or aS L 9 qN or S € 1S 9 1S 6 ||,%0 1S 9 qn or s ook qn or | 5x CNG or ||, qN oP! |i, ING 6 Or ¢ + 6 ss 5 S |},20 S Ix ce 6 € o ° n ° oo) ° ra) Oo |},%0 ° is Or fo of ool ° ° ° ° I ‘Uy / Iq | “wy wy |) iq | ‘wy wy yd | ‘wy ‘way | Iq | ‘wy ‘Wy | Id | ‘wy wy qd | “uy Bs ea cs “a “I “d s “pno[D i “Pnorp 7 “pnoyD ¢ “‘pnolD o “PRrold : “*Pholy are PUA yor yg q9 q? qe ‘M 8& 88 = 7 ‘N ,oF,9L = & ‘pioljasery ‘49qmM999q ‘LOGI [2ND ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 314 foo} I | x | L-o | oL | | bx | | gro ueayy oO o O° oO oO fe) 1é ° ° ° ° ° ° o€ 4S of 4S 8 4S + aS € iS Pid aS £ 6z as-10 . aS e 4S z aS € IS I aS I ge —wID I-o ISI N z ° ° Oo |/,00 oO Le ° fo) ° ||, fe) ° ° for ° ° ° ° S I 4S zw oe IS I IS I ° ° ° ° te 1S gh 1S 6 ISD z ° ISD oP ° &z 0” aS t |/,% aS I ast § || aS 6 S19 of ISO € ee 1S S 4S I IS ol 1S et 1S of BS) I-o lz 4s z IS € ||,00 G-1 || 520 F |l,e0 9 |,” 08 oz aS o® aS @ aS € aS r aS e S é ae aS of aS of © | | 35 oof [1° | 3S oot 2 gt 9X IS s IS € ||,90 o ||,0 ° ||/,00 ° ° Li IS oot 1S E iS I ° ° ° QI fo) ° ° ° ° ° G1 ° ° ° ° ° fo} Fr ° fo} ° ° ° ° €r fe} oO fe} oO fe) ie) cL ° ° ° ° fo) ° cea oOo. fe) fe) fe} Oo fe} Ol 36 z 4S I 3S Bi ° ° ° 6 ° ° ° ° ° ° 8 fo) ° fe) fe) ° ° L ° ° ° ° ° ° 9 1S I ° ° ° ° ° g ° ° ° fe) ° ° v IS 1 1S I-o ° ° ° ° e Aco) IS o-l 3S 1-0 4S rare) fo) fe) ° Fo x.) IS 4 1S 4 € S or S I UA.) “AIG | “ary wy | qd | uy ‘ay | Id | ‘wy ‘Ug | Id | “wy ‘Wy | Iq | wy ‘ug | AIqd | wy *% ay *4 of “a “a, S “‘pnoly : “pnog a “pnojy qd “pnog - “pnoj E “pno[y a uooN yor 8 is) q? qe ‘M ,8& 88 = 7 ‘Arenue{ ‘ZO6I ‘N OF 9b = 4 ‘pioljoseey 315 PRECIPITATION, CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | Lo | or | [es | or | 9° | ice a ° ° ° ° ° ° Ié fo} ° ° ° fo} fo] of o ° IS z IS z IS + 1S 4 6z I € + 1S + iS + 1s € ge ° ° ° ° iSO 1-0 sD 1-0 Le ° ° ° ° ° ° [ord ° ° ° ° ° ° Sze oO Ss i 3 oF 1S I Ss I 1S I te ° 1S of 1S ol? IS lO 1S ot 46 al ty 3% oO 1S I 4S I-0O IS I IS I aS I oS S10 9 S10 09 S10] AS | 8 SID of IS £ Ss . 1% 1S I ° ° ° ° ° oz ” 8 ||,00 01 10% or |e ool IS oO! iS oot 61 aS € 4S BS aS of IS of 1S of iS of gr ° Is z |], oP! |/9% oPl ||% oO! ||, 4S oo! Li ° ° ° o |/,00 1S € iS 5 QI cy ce) ISD iS © ° bd Si ie eel? o ° ° ° ° +r o o ° ° iS 1-0 1S I €1 ° ° ° ° ° 4c I-0 ibe oO ° ° ° fo) fo) II ° ° fo) ° fo) ° Or ° ° ° ° ° 1s I-0 6 ° fo} ° ° ° ° 8 ° ° ° ° ° L oO o ° ° ° Ss 1-0 9 o ry ° ° 4S I-0 1S I-o ¢ ° o ° ° ° ° + oO ° ° fo} ac ol aS of € o o ° ° IS Zw |e IS z z € Ss z Ss I ° ||,00 iS Ele IS € I ‘ug | -q | ‘wy ‘aq | aud | ‘wy ‘wy | ‘mq | wy ‘wy | ‘aq | ‘wy wy | ‘iq | wy ‘wy | ug | ‘uy ‘ on "1 a Ig Id | “a -pno[y + “pnoy “pnolg . ‘prop “pnorg prog =| AP “PUN yor ys q9 ye qe | ‘M ,8f,88 = 7 ‘N ,oF 9b = 4 ‘pioljaseesy ‘Arenue{ ‘ZO6I |QND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 316 | [re | PE | | re || | ve Se par] uvayy 4S of ° —S I-0 ° ° ° gz ° ° ° ° ° ° Le ° IS 1-0 4S r 1S | I iS I ° ge 1S gro fe} ° fo} ° o Se AS I-0 oe I-o ° 1S S iS 4 As} v be o€ | nous Or |x qn z0L |l,x qN ol ix qN ° an ° aN o1 €z ok jqn-aq OT ok | SNES L ie qN 6 |Iox qN of ||, qN oI ||, qN o1 Be IS or —S Or IS oI iS € IS o? IS of le IS o1°O —S I-o oO fo) oO fo) fore ° ° ° ° ° ° 61 © ° ° ° a ° gi ° ° ° ° ° ° Lr ° co) IS + io) € |lke 9 1S ok ° gI as‘19 0d St oot zens oot |P IS r-0 ° 2 St ° fe) ° ° fo} ° v1 IS) € 1S oof |lok CNG ol |i, oI 9 |x Ss z €1 0 S of lok qn oI qN o1 Ss € 9 qn o1 a oX qN o1 qn or |x qn or |) or ||, or ° II ° ° ° ° fo) ° oI AN 8 L aN 9 & xk 6 aN OI 6 ok qN or aN or aS OI |i, OI |/,00 ol Or 8 IS al IS I-o fo) oO ° ° G 4S I IS I-O|| 00 4S I-0 Oo ||,% ° ° 9 4S ot iS Be are) fo) ° ° ° Ss ° ° | ° ° ° ° + IS T 3S I 4S I ° ° ° € a of 1S oe IS oF ° ° ||,0 ° z 4S cd IS I IS z ° °o oO I ‘wy | uq | ‘uy ‘wy | aig | ‘wy ‘ug | ‘aig | wy ‘wy | aig | ‘wy ‘wy | ig | ‘wy ‘wy | ug | ‘wy “Ig ‘y ay Pe i oe “pnolg . “pnoy = “pnog “pno[g 7 “pnoig e “pnoiy med uoony yor 8 19 y? yz “M 88,88 = ~ ‘N 0? gL = & ‘pioljosers ‘Areniqaq ‘ZO6T 317 CLOUD. PRECIPITATION. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | re | | | gre | | o€ | | CE | ee | | o€ | uvayq ° 1S I 1S z iS & IS € 1S = co) ° or 4S € IS of 3S ol e rs z of °o Oo a fo} ° Oo ie} ° ° ° wi! al & WI! | - . : nid ° ° IS z 1S } é 1S > IS 9 aS 8 1S “6 | | aN “or gk | aN| gq] ori] & aN oI aN ool aN Or |x aN ol xk aN oI * qn Or kod * qn or iS ol IS | AST 6 iS or IS or 1S or 1g i ; € 4S of ISO 9 IS oo IS 1-0 1S ae - : 1-0 7 I-0 IS0 ad iS e iS | UN z S 2 Ss fi 2 et Oo fe} fe) fe} fo) I 3 fo) S19 1-0 fo) 1S 1-0 ° be aS @ aS oP WS of aS 1-0 aS of 4S of ie es ° = sf fat 2 is-da AN s| fe] fost fed fost fet peal (ei. les] leg. (7H) “ed 2 aS of iS ° ° IS ° or or * aN ol II oX qn = qN a ox qN or oX aN . oX qN °F Ihe 2 7 6 fo) ° fo) ° ° ° qN- Or |x qn or |ox qN OF |io*k qn Or |x qN or |x qN Bg 2 IS € Ss € Ss € Ss o@ S of i a : ° fo) ° 1S 1-0 1S I-o : ° IS = O1 IS or IS of 1S of : oO Oo oO fe) oO ° 1S I 1S I IS I IS I IS I € ° ° ° IS ¢ IS of IS of z ° fo) o 0 |I,c0 Ss c 1S S I Wy | Aig | “uv Wy | Id | “wy ‘wg | Ad | ‘wy Wy | Iq | uy “Wy | UG | wy wy | Id | ‘wy : . op “Id “qd “ag fon si “Pnold = “pnoyd “PAOD “prop pno[D pno[d PIN yor 48 W9 y? qe "M ,8€ 88 = 7 ‘N 0? ,9L = 4 ‘pioljaseey ‘KrenIGad “ZOGT [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 318 | [a | lov | lge | | [ge | | [Le || weom ok IN Or |iox qN OI ||,00 Ss ol 1S ¢ o ° 1€ ° ° ° iS 4 1S I IS I of nQ-4S or n9-3S$ ol 1S ool n9-4S ¢ iS or ||, O1 6% 9 iS of ° ° IS I-o IS at ge 0 |[ND4S| N] & nD73S I |ijeo |ng35 z lx ie) 08 |lo% L ix o1 Le a) or 4S Or Ss Or o1-6 o1-6 OI gz or oI OI ol tobe O1 Se + or ng4S or ng-34s OL 1S ol Is Or is OL be 1S 4 IS 9 9 S + € &z 1S | MS z IS I-0 1S I-o ° ° ° Eta ox qN or iS or |x aN 301 Or |}, or ||,00 or 1g oF 9 0 9 oP? S 0 ¢ 0” v °%? + of 2) 4S oP! ||, aN oP! ||,%2 qN or qn OI ||,0 L|l,e0 € 61 1S oF 1S oP? ° —S at o ||,00 1S of gi 41S I aS I-o fo) ° fo) ° Li ° fe) 9 |/,99 Oo ||,°° Qo 1,0 ° QI — ° — fe} => fo} fo) ° ° Sr ox qN o@! iS oI 1S 6 IS S is + IS I Fr S of 4S of fo) ° fo) ° €1 Phe) ° fo) ° ° ° fe) GI ° fe) re) fo) o ° nes f ° ° ° o ||, ° ° or 18) I |/,90 iS z wo 1S ¢ IS Fe £ 4S a 6 + 9 || + °L va 8 i+ O1 ° ° 8 A) ° fe) IS I-o fe) ° fo) ib; x) € ||,c0 S| ,00 L |} ,00 Ss 56°F 1,9 IS € 1S I 9 IS ee 4S ae 1S of I ° ° ¢ fe} fo) fo} ° |/,% ° € + ° Oo Ilo ° ° ° z € 2) ig of |/o2 IS ool 1S oot fo) ° ° z ° fe) fo} Ss € iS 4 ° I ‘wag | Iq | ay Ud | Iq | uy wy | Id | “uy ‘wy | qd | uy ay | Iq | “ary wy | Id | ‘ary “Id . “Id , “Id Ad ‘ Ad ; “Ad keq pno[d pno[D pno[D pno[) pno[d “pho uooN yor 8 y9 q? ye "M 8.88 = 7 ‘N ov ,9L = & ‘pioljasees ‘Ye = “ZO6T 319 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No. 4.] | | &€ | | £-§ | | gts | gr | | Sr | br ueay ° 1S oot 1s OI Is or ||,00 1S oP ||,00 NG oI 1€ 1S I iS I 1S S-I ° ° ° of IS I ‘ 1S fod 1S € n9-4S L ngs or ngQ-4S or 6z a) OI ||,00 OF 1,0 | aots - of | Ss € 1S € 4S z ge 3S |- z nS I IS pS ngs N S NOS |MNN| £ |/,90 [ng75 N| 6 Le 3ok or |l,xk aN Or |loxk aN Or xk ING or iS or IS or 9c OL or Or Or or qN or-6 Se or ot ||, or S| as | or aes BS og aN or te oI or ae Or n914S 6 ng-31s 8 IS L &z IS € 1S 9 ts10| anc] ? Is~| Mm] + Ss s Sw} M| + ze ° ° ° iS OL qN or qn or Ie i) 6 ||, 6 ||, 8 ||,2 8 Hoo Lb io L oz x) € |i, € 1S € iS + 1S € IS oO! 61 o” © |/,% & ||,% aS of 4S of 4S of aS of gr x) —S 09 {10% | ISTO of IS1D oF Io 4S I ° ° Lr fo} oO oO oO te} °o 91 ° ° ° °o |l,« ° => ° Sr I IS I 4S z IS € iS E |/,00 1S oo! br ° iS of iS of 1S of Ss of 1S se €r ° fo) iS I-O 1S I-o Oo |/,00 aS I-0 ZI ° ° ° ° ° oO. IT oO oO o Le} te} oO or Ss z |/,%0 IS ze IS € 1S of —S € 1S co 6 aN 08 PF |lok | AN CT ok | IN OF ||,90 aS oot 1D t 8 ° ° + fo) I-O]|,00 Oo |/,90 ° L fe} Oo Le} te} oo”? ° 0? oO 9 1S z 4S s aS L iS oo 4S 08 1S of $ ° fe) 1S 62 IS of - ° fo) + 62! ||, 1s I |l,eo IS z 1S ool oot ° € oX € Z) + © IS s co) iS or ll» | ISD 8 ||,% 1S L z ° o |? ° if 1S I-O 1S I-o ° I ‘wy | lq | ‘wy ‘Uy | Id | wy ‘wy | Id | ‘ay may | ug | wy Wy | Iq | wy “uy | Iq | ‘ary “d “Id Id Ad “Id “Id ke a ‘pnor -pnoj “pnolp “pnojg “pnojg “pnoig a PIN yor 48 49 ar ae "‘M 88.88 = 7 ‘N Ob 9L = & ‘piofjaseey “‘yotIeW ‘ZO6T [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. se ae SG: ae ac Ce Ce | for | wea {9 of | 08 9 8 ISO € ISD id ISD I of Rc) os = sy ok aN S ox aN con (” aN ot |i an a * an oe S ‘ I Sl a WD + tenn aAN| 9 aes “9 - — . 2 ee 2 a as I Le m0] as| + m0] as] + ° 1S 1 . iS : = ie) oD 18) as I9 a) 26 ID s | .8 38 ot Sz qN S} 8 |x aN or |iox aN or |lox qn or |x qn or ||, an or te aN 08 lok aN or ||, aN ot |) aN or ||,00 qN or aN or &z ok | IN ot ik | AN OF ||,00 4S + iS of 1S o® [lo 4S € ze of ie i) Is € |lje0 Ss fa 1S I iS + 4S S-b Iz é 1S oto fo) I 1S zg 3S a 0% 1S o® S oF €|/,00 4S € aS € aS ar S of 61 LS-15 ax| ? sare] are S 4S a) IS z 1S rt IS T-o gr 2) 5) ol o 4S ot WS ° 1S ° q IS |MSM| of 4s of IS of Ss oP 1S oP Ss of cy det | at (ef | 3 la) faye) (ep) fife S I ° S *o 4S *t-0 4S 2 iS L 4S iT 1S °s oI 1S of 8 Ot ||, aN sot Ss of 41S of —S Ot II oe ty ae 5 2 a 2 : = _ i: “|| aS or aS aS S ges ee eae dae = aol can - 5 ai | as aa as o || ft , N ox |, aN or ISD oot 19 f 4S € |x aN 0! |lok qN or ||, qN or || qN O1 qN ox 9 IGIg of ° ° ° ° ° S ° ° ° ° ° ° b IS of 1S of 1S of Is € IS z 4S I € 4$ I 1S I 1S & loco iS € |l,e0 Ss z fo) z ° fe} Oo fe} fo} oO 2 | ‘ug | sig | wy ‘uy | iq | wy ‘ug | ig | wy ‘ug | ng | wy ‘wg | cag | wy ‘wg | ag | my ‘tg “Id ag “Id ug “td keq “‘pnola “‘pno[d Pno[D “PnolD “Pno[D “PpnolD uooN qol a8 49 q? ye "M 8© 88 = 7 ‘N OF ,9L = & ‘pioljaseesy Tudy ‘ZO6I 321 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898 —1902. No. 4.] foot. | _les ie pt ka | [be | wen ~ € “s-da | X | + Ls-aa N ¢ LS-as Nog LS-4a N | + of * qN ol ae ZS-10 4 10 LS-I0 ; 8-10 : Pn ae as ae ee a ces| a| © eel eel 2) & aS 6 iS 8 watt| ‘e| 08 sto| S| 9 SIN) S| 09 sto, Fl 8 | 8 iS of = of §S10 of . ISD oe ISD las 1S aqs| 6 4S as or yg| aS| oF S| AS| or Is-9| aS v stn] «aS 6 92 4S of ao-as 09 4S of 1D) AS} oF lc fasig! BS] of jo* IS) AS) of Se Ss oot iS of! | qs S|} oP . GN s| ¢ an s| oI qn Ss} 0° te ox | aN Or | aN ene | 36 i aS ¥ ico | 3s o” | | aN| S| 8 Ee ox aN 6 ox dN g lox aN Of lok aN oof [foo aN OF |Ic0 aN oot oe oe 1S € |lox ue 09! |i aN 502 0% qN Ol 1S N| 8 IS nN! 8 Iz S| MN] © 1S| MN] 09? is} MN § aS ot IS of 4S of ag 1S 09 IS of IS I-o IS of aS of 1S et 61 iS of iS of 4S of IS of Ss of —S € gi 1s I 1S I ° 1S I-0 ° ° ba 1S ot iS of S| MS| oF S of aS) S as Or ° 1S of 1S of iS of iS of Ss S Sr S of aso oot asta ot aS 08 aS of S 08 vr 1S z 4S of 4S of iS al iS ol-O 1S oi? €r I aL; fe} te} oO ie) ol oO = °s » °¢ he 5 > 3 oI 7 L It ° 4S n 1S ° os) Ss 0? IS a S é * qN or ||° ol aN o1 ng-3S oI n9-1S or |x qn oI or ° ox qN m7 9 09-35 ¥ nO4S + n9-4S % ww} N| § 4S s 6 4S oot 4S oot sS o1 1S oI 1S oo! 1S q\ 8 8 ok aN oF | aN or ||oX aN or qn oo! CIN Ko: qn ot L ° ° 4S ot ° 1S a 4S z 9 qN or |x aN ot |loX aN ool iS ool 1S o” S oF s fo) 1S ok aS gt ° fe) fe) > fe) 1S ol O iS ol ° 1S of 4S oF € 1S s aS € IS} ON] off aS e aS z 1S z e 1S ol iS oF IS of iS of iS of 4S 2 I ‘my | ad | Uy wy | Ng | wy uy | Iq | “ay wt | AIG | WW ‘Uy | Ig | ay Uy | Id | “UW ‘J ‘Ad Ad “Id “Id Ad ke q “pno[D “pno[D “‘pnold *PholD “pnola “pnola of “IPA yor y8 y9 q? ye "M ,8£,88 = 7 ‘'N OF 94 = db ‘pioljaseey ‘ady = ‘ZO6T 91 [2nb ARC, EXP, PRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. alee | BGA ee Petal Es | uvow IN! N] & re! | cL Ss} N] © | sj Ni F | [noas; aN] * n34S| AN| + 1€ ist; N| 8 ij oN} © | S| N] FF iS oN] - SN; S we; N/ & | of NONS a; . ° | fo) d ° ana as) & aN-lad of |i. 6 aN ol qN or | iS or| ok j 1S ol ol ax or gz S of iS ok iS of 1 ° ° ° Le °o ° ° ° ° ° fer. ° ° o | ° fo) o | Sz o ° ° |! fo) ° o | te : 4S I I 1 |; I —S € I ee IS I I i) T-0' 430 1S 1-0) Ss of 1S a |S ze ° |i nD I isto € |agas z || S € nD g 12 nO oF | ND) N| 2 nD NI oF | o } fqn} ON] qN-va} N/| 9 oz qN or ioxk qN or | ox qN o1)' 5X qn or | ox qN ot ||, qN or 61 ok | INA or iS S| or | ii s| 4 | ng-19 6 ID aI ie) I gr ° ° o || - ° ° ° Lr ie) G1 NGI) N| 9 QN} Nj} OT 4S ol |5x 1S | ol aN oI 91 ue) of ast of SID o® |i SS) oN] S 1] Ni * 0-10 $ Sr of (INA 08 lo” INA 8 ce) an Or qN OL qN | or ||, qn or v1 ox qN oI |) xk qn or | ox aN or ox aN S| ot lx qN) o1 5x aN ol €1 oX qN or lio qN or) x qN ori, | ase or |) x qn} ol || x qn or} ar IS | 9 ISD & |i ND4S € nj3s 9 | qN-4a | ol qN-laq 6 II iS, SS] Gt iS tr ( 1S z nD7S} AN! of | qn! ol qn oI or ox GN | or |x aN or |i ox aN OI qn OL ok qN or ||, qn or 6 o* | aN or |[>k | aN or aNd or) | qn 8 | anata @ |, |4N~d or |} 8 i] My OF aN or qN oI 4S S| or) 1D) z IS10} AN] of L 16) F ive) z ° | ID 1-0} ° ° 9 KS S| 8 ng1D S| 8 ny}; S| 2 |i iS ss | ng4S 8 qN-ly 6 ¢ °? KS S |i, 4S b |) IS & iS Ni 2@ } ° Ss oO + 4S I 1S I 1S + IS z | 1S I IS N] € € IS of ° |; ° o | Wi HS} 2 aS + c ISD 9 4S or Ss | 6 ng ak | L axaa| de | cor I wy | ug | uy ‘wy | id | ‘wy wg |d| my ‘ug | wy ug |g | wy “Id ala; “a a “I za “pno[y i “pnoly ‘s “pnoly . “pnoly ‘ “pno[y aed uooN = yor q8 — yo yz i ‘M 8 88 = 7 ‘N oF 9f = 4 ‘pioljaseey ‘ACI “ZOGT 323 CIPITATION, 4 o 1 PRI CLOUD. 1898— 1909. No. 4. js jt | | jas | | *s | | | 6-4 | [Lr | Jas ueayy peas ¢ IS|MNN| 4 48 |AANN] 9 ng-4S iy dons | i INL 6 1€ ig nN! € 4S & xs Ml ae MD} N] * Jo iqnueng Nj; 8 |ioX qN oI of isto] ON] 2 | ISD z IS 1D I el eh nig) Al @ nis} al § z gx qn or |.x aN or qn e aN or an OI qn or gz n945 N} © |! iS N| or ng9-1S N ig} Nj & 1s I 4S of Le ° || ° 4S z ° ° ° oz o | 1) I ao z ID z 1) I ° Se ° ° ° ° ° ° tz °o |; 1S I-0 1S oie aS an ac otO ° tek 1S z Ss fo 1S I IS I 1S I 1S I ee Ss I iS 1-0 ee ° Leeeil"| cea) oO ° ° Iz nD-19 € NOD € usta, "|S as-10 of a) s ws s oz AN or || qN-4d L aNwd] oN] 8 |] ok ;IS4d) N] OF Ita} N| 6 ngs ool 61 ax qN OL jo qN Or |x aN or || oX aN OL Ok aN 01 || qn oI gt 1S z aS gl 41S k qN OL Qk qn or €r ox qN oI | * qN or || x qN or || ox aN oF |x qN OF Hox oN = eI as or | aS OI as OI io | al 8 WD as iS aS II asia L || as-9 L teo| =| ¢ nas} Ss} & m945|. S| 08 ng4S <8 | (OF qN or 4 an oL aN OL qN ol qn ol qn-a ol 6 ok | 4N orok | aN o1 aN or |} ok | aN or x | aN or lik | aN or} g o*” ING OT 6% JAN 8 ie * IN Ol |] Ok JQN- Or Qk qn OL ak qn or L seth ce) oF | S10] AN} of ° }4asto! AN] of ISTO oF SID of ISD of 9 IS I iS I vee a) ob atk aN or IS AY qq] & qn cele) S Nj} o1 INT N}| 6 qN-t N; 8 aNd} N] ? [lo | IS N]| ? IST Ni Ff + o®? T [09% | 4S4a Ni Tt 4o6 | 49°-Aa N; Tf i ee ISA N; t ISAT Nii 2 & IST N! 8 IS-AY N| ? ISAT I Ss oto iS oto IS g| ot? a ast | | as-to 9 asto| 8] "S10 ¥ ork | “Teno ae; =| § ae AL | “oy: ‘uy | qd | “Wy ‘uy | ig | wy ‘wy | Iq) “ay PUT, 2). 2ST |) SRY Fosot Ceca We ag i ey ‘Ig “Ig “Id “Ig ‘aig Keq pno[d ; “‘pnolD *pno[yD *pnolD “PROD “pnoly IPI, I! yor 18 49 uf ue "M ,8& 38 = 7 N oF ol = 4 ‘pioljaseery ‘ARK ‘ZOGT [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. a g 324 METEOROLOGY. | | [srs | | {es | | | Ls | [os | | Ls | | [eS || ueoy 9 ° ° fo} ° ° of o ° ° ° ° ° 62 MOWS| sl L is} S| ot or 1 or 4S S| ox nj1S| ass| 6 ge “I a) Ss S AN S| 01-6 qn-a S| or qN-1a4 or qN 14 s| or qN-Ad S| or IN S| or Le BS z 1S I € + 4S 9 4S of 9 fone ig 4S of TD71S|MNM| S NO-IS|IMNM| 6 NO1S OL ies S} of Sz a or ng-3s 6 ING or aN or! ,®@ aN -{| of ||,@ [INA S| or te cig oL aN ol qn or ||,© qN 01 ||,© qN or ||,8 AN o1 €z ae S| oT |, aN S| or qn or ||,0 aN s] °T||,8 qN or |l,@ |INAX] AS) ot oe cous} AS| 8 es s| 9 1 or 7} ng-1S L a + Iz ts ¢ 1s-19 iS) S 8 ee is-10| ms 19 ° is av as s ae 9 sd 9 a ad 0% : $ 10 L8-10 Zs-10 i Zs-I0 6x ee eee aa Ee ae) nO7S |MSM) 9 me S| 8 S| as et ee g Reed nj Sq 6 |lo%k |ANAa or Or 1S Or eo is Or mone or Li no-1S S|} 8 ae ¢ 09-15 9 1S" € 1S c n9-14 ud 91 qN-4d 6 |x aN ot qn or qN-a 6 qN-44 6 IS 6 S1 Is ea : e eS ? ISA ei) cee ° ID i if) I See) 1o, ISD T20 std I ° < 2 oF ID ot ° ° ° ny-19 qQN-A4 or Ir i 4S 8 an or or qN-1 6 qN- or qN oI OI nS 6 1S or 4S o1 1S 6 aS or |. |aN~a or 6 aS or 4S oof 1S 6 1S z S| as] ? ISO I 8 ISO ot ws I us I ° ° ° L aN oo! | AS} 8 | AS] of is| as] 8 no1S| asa} £ 8) z 9 ng71S 6 Ss T fo} fo} ° ° ¢ oe) I ISD z nD19 I IS z S19 € 1S 1 i QN-"D| ASS) of qN on qN Ol 15k qn OF qN ol qN oI & nos fous] ox] & were . ee : 1S of 1s Pll oe | sod isa = is-y | 9 Ls ork qn o1 oI I ug | iq | “av wy md wy ‘wy |) qd | “aw wy | Id pay ‘wy | qd | uy uy | Iq | “uy “Ig ‘Ig “Ag , ‘Ig . “Ig ‘Id Aeq "PROD, “pno[D pno[D pno[d “pnola “prod uooN qot 8 49 yy? qe "M /8© 88 = 7 ‘'N oF 94 = bd -‘proljaseeg ‘aunf “ZO6I 325 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. 1898—1902. No, 4.] | | [€s | [1s ss | | les | Jos | [$$ ||_ ween | ° ° ° ° ° IS-y a | 1-0 of ° ° fo} ° ° ° 6z asuz| as| © agag| as; © iS] as} 6 ys| aS| ot wS) as] o7 Std} qs} gz 10 6 an-y S| or qN-4t s | or qNn-4aq S| or qN-24 Ss] or qN-d s| © le 4S S| 4 4S z IS € ngs s| L IS of 4S of 9 S of 1S at 1S o1 ISD S-1 i) I nd s Se 4S OI n9-4S OL 93S or 1S ol sS “oI aN ol te qn or-6 QN-rqa] JS| 6 aN or aN oI an or qN or €z o8 ANTAL S| o1 |,@ Waa or |,@ lan or qN-1a or qN-4q or GN} ass] ot az a] as] or us| ag] or asta | qs] oz qs-ra | qs} oz N038| AS} of "DAS | “as| 6 iz pee s as9 as| 9 ast al 9 isio a] b as-1o € as-10 s Oo aSdo oe No-Ls © acts & nO4S Ne) <2 0-18 EN e aocre e 61 is} os] 6 is} ms| © as| mM] 6 S| ASS} of 98 | ASS | of is| ass| <6 gt 1S s}| © is| as] & "1S; aS} 2 no71S| aS} t n38| as| ? ng3s} as| 4 LI ngs of aN or ||,@ JAN“ or kK @| aN o1 qN o1 45 6 91 nO-1y oP ng-41gq of IS-lq | ANN] = |? IS et ISA oF S71 of ct IS 6 isa] MN] & 4a} MN] & S| MN| 1 IS I-0 1S-aq I tr 1S" N I is I fo) fo) Bisse) 1-0 ° €r ° ° ° ° SD 1-0 Iso I SI fo) fo) ° ° Ts @) ot Tse) of cs qN ol qN or ||,® qN or qN or ||,0 qn o1 aN or or 1S or is or 1S oI CINGECE oI aN or CNGES | OL 6 oX& jaN4d or ISA o1 nQ74S| a} 6 nas} al 4 qN or 01S or || 8 iS) as] & Is! e 18 7 1S v ISTO v isto al no aS I 1S ot ° nO-1S i nD71S| ass| 9 mO4s| s) 6 9 nQ1S| ass; ? n4s| ass| © 71S} aS} © |>%* | IN 6 nD-1S 6 nD41S| aS| 8 s ° ° WAY 1-0 1S 1-0 iS I-o ng7S$ N| & v 1S I mM1S| | 2 1S I 4S Z isto z 1S er) € aN or qN-14 o1 qN-1q oL aN or 5-4 € n9-1$ 9 z << & fox Janna orf ass | | aes oll ee a ee rx wy | Id | wy way | iq | Uy ‘Wy | Id | ety way | Id | Uy ‘way | Id | “Wy wy | Iq | ary “3, “g, “a a “d, . “pnoiy A “pnoyy . “pno[g a “pnoyy e “pnoig si “pno[y Aeq PIN yor ug 09 uy? ye "M 8€ 88 = 7 ‘N Ob ,9L = 4 ‘pioljaseesy ‘aunf ‘ZO6I [2ND ARG. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 326 | joe | jee to lee a tee | _|6s joe || wow IS 4 1S ot-O| IS I-0 ' 4g | 1S I 8 os ° oo! ° : o ° wo ° 61 9° ° ° i ° | fo) ° gi ° ° ° 1 4S19 r | SD ot std I Lt fo} ° Ths c iS Bo | 1S + 1S & gI n94S I-0 ° ng7S$ a| ¢é ‘ngjas| an] + | 4S al + 1S I Sr ° ° fo) ' ° | ° ° br aS ol ° ° ' fo} ° ° €1 ISTO of ae) I & I Ist € sO e or 4s or 1S or Is or Ss o1 Ss $s IS oP ae 4S of 1S € is cA 1 4g 9 Ss ol 1S OL OL ISTO 6 IS! 6 SID € He) I ° ° 6 ng I-o n>} AN] 1-0 ° ° ° S| AN] 1 8 nQ7S| GN} @ 4S ol aS I 4S I ° ° L S| AN! €& ND7S; AN] 9 NDS | AN! 8 nQ7S| AN] & 1S of WS ic 9 1934S + ee § 1S € 1S € Ss L 1S s} L s 8 iS 010 7 2 is) ot sD of is 1S c n-19 z ng719 Ij ng-19 I 1) | fo) € SID z ist] MN] @ °o | ° ° | ° z ° ° ° | ° ° ) I | Hl ‘wg | 1g wy | ug | ag | ‘wy | a a | “wy ‘ug | ong | ‘wy ‘wy | “sq a ‘wy | iq | wy ; i a “a oo fs = “a I "d . “prog ea “pnoy ‘ “pno[g ? “prog | : “prog Ni “pnoyy Aeq Pe eee ee oe | it uooN | yor 18 49 | qe | ye “M ,8& (688 = 4 CN oF of = b ‘pioljaseey ‘Atnf ‘ZO6T 327 PRECIPITATION. CLOUD. | | ge | | ve ||| | [fe || | [oe ||| | [ee | | [ee || wea ng3s 8 4S + | 4S € | IS ze 4S I 4S z oe v fe) oO! ° ° ° 61 fe} fe) fe} | oO | ce) oO gi | ° 9 of ISI of | ° | ° ° Li IST | z IST | z ISD of | ae) of | isd of is I 91 IS Ti IS I 9731S I ; 0 nS I ngs ot Sr —S aj ° o |. ar) | ° ° +1 ° | ° ° —S of | Is ol 1s ea €1 fo) i fo) ° oO ' oO °o ZI ISD L Las s ISI M4 IS!D e nNOS % 4S € II 1S of IS of zene gy 4S se 3S of Ss 3S or 1G ol iS OI 1S 6 iS oI | IS ol 4S 6 6° Oo fe} fe} o fe} fey 8 nj1S| AN] 6 S| AN; nD-1S| AN| 8 n94S ai ¢ | 4S a} ob —S + L ° IS 1-0 4d) AN] € 97S] N/ € | ng4s| oN) & 1S of 9 i Ms! a] ? "4S| aj] 9 "4s| a) F | "I71S) a) & NDS s s € ISO I S I Oo! 4S 1-0 ° + oF | i) o& SID) Nj of aS TO oF | ISD of Ist ool € o | ° ° fo) 3s I ° z ° ° ° ° ° ° I ‘ uy | mires wy | uy Ad | uy “Wf “qd wy | “Way “qd uy “Wy mites “UY “Wy ‘wy | iJ. : = ; | 7d ; id ; : Fema ~ eq “pholg pnolp pno[D | pno]D pno[p pnorg PI | yor us 49 q? "M 8.88 = 7 ‘N OF 9L = 4 ‘pioljaseey ‘Ainf ‘ZO6I 328 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM AMOUNT OF CLOUD. DAILY PERIOD. The following Table gives the monthly means of the amount of cloud at the bi-hourly observations at the winter quarters, the (weighted) means for the months, the number of observation-days, and the (weighted) means of all observations in the various years, for each alternate even hour. January. Year | 2h | 4h | 6h | gb | 10h} Noon|] 2h | 4h | 6h | 8h] 1ob| Midt. |} Mean || Days 1899 | 0.7| 1.0) 1.0] 24) 2.1] 2.4 25) iy | £4) te) te 0.8 1.45 31 1900 | 2.4| 2.7] 3.2) 3.0] 3.9| 3.8 || 3.9] 2.9] 2.6] 2.0] 2.1 23 2.90 gi 190r | £.4| 1.2) 2.1) 2.6) 23| oo || 2.8) eo] ro] 2.4.) a5 2.0 2.00 ag 1902 | 0.8| 1.4] 1.2] 0.7| 1.3 1.8 I.7| 1.6] 1.0] 1.4] I.0 0.7 I.22 31 Mean | 1.3] 1.6| 1.6| 1.9] 2.4| 25 || 2.7] 23] 1.7] 1.8] 1.7 1.4 1.89 1899 | eg | 1.9) rol 32193] B12 || 38) Sa] B25} DO] 1S aii 2.58 28 1900 | 5.4] 5.0] 5.9; 6.8] 68) 6.6 |) 6.4] 6.1] 5.9) 4.9] 4.5 4.9 5-77 28 TOOT | 3.2) SH) 2.9] 4.3) 4.2) 327 8.6) 451 3.5) 3-7] 3.6 3.1 455 28 1902 | 2.1 | 2.0/ 2.2] 3.4] 3.4 2.0 3.0/ 3.4! 3.5] 3.0] 2.8 ae 2.83 28 Mean.| 3.4 30] 3:2| 44) 4.4 | 4% || 4] 43] 3.0] 3.4 | 3-2 3.1 3-70 || 1899 | 0.8| 0.6| 1.2| 2.8] 28] 2.3 || 2.3| 3.2] 3.4] r-9| 1.3 1.0 1.97 31 1g00 | 2.2] 3.1] 3.2] 3.8] 3.2} 3.5 |] 3.6] 3.4] 31; 28/ 28 2.1 3.01 31 Igor | 2.9] 3.4| 3.5] 4.0] 3.9] 4.0 || 4.2] 4.3] 3-7] 3.0] 2.9 2.7 3-54 ar Igo2 | 2.7; 2.8] 3.6! 4.0] 4.2] 3.9 || 4.4] 4.5] 4.8] 3.8] 3.7 3-3 3.81 31 Mean.| 22) 25) 29) 36) 25| o4 || $6) 38| 69) ao) a4 2.3 | 3.09 | 1899 | 5-3) 4-6] 4.3] 4-7] 4.9] 5.2 || 5.0] 5.0] 5.6] 5.6/5.3] 4.9 5.03 || 30 1900 | 4.8) 5.2) 4.9) 4.8/4.7) 49 || 4.9] 4.7] 4-7] 5.0/1 4.5] 4.2 4-71 30 IgOI | 4.0] 4.2] 4.4| 4.3] 38] 4.4 || 4.0] 3.8] 4.2] 4.3] 4.8 4.3 4.2% 30 1902 | 4.0/ 3.8] 4.1) 4.8] 4.9] 4.7 || 4-7] 44] 4.6] 5.1] 5.2] 4.5 4:57 30 Mean | 4.5] 4.4] 4.5| 4.7] 4.6| 4.8 || 4.6] 4.5] 4.8] 5.0] 4.9 4.5 4.67 Ei a9 4.5 || 3.8] 3.6] 3.4] 3.8] 4.2 3-9 4.03 31 5| 61| 5.7 || 6.2} 64] 62] 63! 68) 6.6 6.36 31 O | pe 7H || pe | BI) Go] Rol 74 7.0 7.24 31 4.9 5|45| 4.8 || 5.2] 4.7] 49] 5.4] 5.2] 5.5 4.99 31 Mean | 5.8] 5-7/ 5-6) 5.71 5-7] 57 || 5-6] 5-4] 5.4| 5.6/5.9] 5.7 || 5.65 1898— 1902. No. 4.) AMOUNT OF CLOUD. DAILY PERIOD. Year | 2b | yh | 6b | gh rt Noon: 2h gh | 6h | gh | toh] Midt. 1899 | 4.1] 4.3] 4.8] 4.2/4.6, 43 | 4.2! 4.7} 48] 52/49) 4.7 1900 | 6.9} 5.9| 6.6] 6.5 pai | 6.1 : 6.3} 6.6) 6.9] 7.0| 7.1 13 1901 | 7.8/ 8.1] 80] 7.4] Bo 7.3 1 7.5] 8.3 7.8} 8.0} 7.6 19 1902 | 5.4] 5-7| 5-5: 5-7| 5-31 5-5 (5-5 |_5-0] 5-2) 5.5] 5.1 5-3 Mean | 6.0| 6.0| 6.2| 6.0) 61; 5.8 | 5.9} 61|62|64/62| 63 || July. 1899 | 6.3] 6.7| 6.5 | 6.6| 7.0] 7.0 1g00 | 7.2/| 7.4) 7-5 6.8} 6.7] 7.2] 6.9] 6.9 He) I901 | 7.9/ 8.1] 8.1 1-7| 7-9| 8.0] 7.5] 8.1 8.0° 6.0| 6.1| 6.6] 6.8] 6.5 6.0 | | i 1902 | 2.0] 1.9] 1.9] 1.3] 2.0] 2.0 || 22 2.2/2.0] 2.3] 2.1 2.8 | W.M. | 6.2| 6.4 6.5 | 6.3 | 6.4| 6.4 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.2| 6.2 6.3 | 6.4 || August 1900 | 5.5, 5-5) 5-9] 67] 5.5| 7-1 || 7-7] 65] 5.8] 5.4] 5.6! 5.4 | 1gor | 8.1, 7.9; 81! 7.7| 7.6} 821 || 7.8] 84) 83) 8.2 8.6 | 8.2 | W.M./ 7 7-5| 7-8] 7.7/7.3] 81 || 80] 8&1} Bo] 7.5 | 79 || September 1898 | 5.9| 5.8| 6.0/ 5.5| 5.6] 5.8 || 5.6] 5.9| 6.2] 4.6| 5.4 4.8 1900 | 9.2| 8.8] 8.8) 7.2] 7.5} 7-9 || 8.0) 8.0] 86] 81! 7.9 9.1 TOOT | 6.7 | 978) G7 | 7a] Gel 6a 6.2) 50) Go| 9.31 35 15 W.M.| 7.2] 75/ 7-6] 72/65] 64 | 65/65/72] 69/72] 73 || October. 1899 | 4.4| 3-9] 3.6] 3.6] 4.1) 4 5-3] 5-0] 3-7| 2.7] 3-3) 3-3 ig00 | 6.8) 7.1 | 66| 7.8) 7.8] 7 | Tel WE 7S) He 6.7 I901 | 6.0] 6.3] 6.5] 6.7] 6.7] 6. 7.4] 6.8) 6.4! 5.7] 5.9 5.8 ato 1898 | 6.2| 6.4| 6.5| 7.0] 7.0] 6.6 || 7.2| 7.1] 6.6] 5.9] 5.7 5.3 | I WwW. M. | 6.2 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.8 6.9 | 6.8 || 7.2| 6.9 6.4 | 6.0 | 5-9| 5-7 November. 1898 2.6 | 27 | 28) ge) 48> ack | ak) Sr) Be] ep} ae 2.0 1899 | 2.3; 3.3| 2.8) 3.4/ 3.5] 3-6 || 3.4] 3-1] 2.4] 29] 29 2.1 1900 | 2.9) 2:5) 2.2 | 3.5) 3:7 4.8 | 4.2/9.3) 3.2) 9.6) 9.6 2.9 | Igor | 2.8] 2.8] 3.3] 4.3] 4.4] 4.3 || 4.2] 4.0] 3.0] 3.0] 2.9 3.2 | Mean| 2.6| 2.8! 2.7] 3.5| 4.1] 4.2 | 4.0] 3.4| 2.7] 3.0] 2.9 2.5 December. 1898 | 1.0] 1.0] 0.9] 1.7] 3.7] 22 || 15] to] 06] rr] 14] 12 | 1899 | 3.0| 2.6} 3.1| 2.9] 3.3] 4.6 || 4.0] 3.0] 2.6) 3.7] 4.1 a8 tTg900 | 2.9! 2.4! 1.7] 1.9] 26] 2.5 || 2.2] 1.9] 21] 26] 23 27 5: tgor | 4.0| 4.4) 3-7| 3-4] 4-7| 4-6 || 4-8] 4.0] 4.5] 4.3] 4-2 4-3 | Mean | 2.7| 2.6 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 3.4 31] 2.5 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.9 || 330 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM The numbers in the last row for each month indicate the daily period of the amount of cloud. It will be seen, that the months October to March have a well-defined regular daily period with a maximum about 2 p.m. and a minimum in the night. The months April to September do not show any appreciable or regular period. Taking the means for the meteorological seasons, we get the following results: 2h qh 6h 8h | yoh | Noon 2h qh 6h Winter 26} 24] 24: 29] 3.3 | 3.3 33 30:27 27! 26] 25 Spring... . #2] 4.2] 4.3 | 47 | 4.6) 4.6 46 46, 46 4.5. 4.5 °° 2 Summer... | 6.7 | 64] 67° 6.7 | 67! 6.9 68 681 68! 68! 68) 69 Autumn... | 54] 55] 5.6. 5.7] 5.8) 58 5-7 | 5:5) 5-3 | 53 5.3 | s7 i t | ae: Oct.— March 3.1 | 32] 32] 38) 4.0 | 4.1 41 | 39] 35] 33] 32] 3.0 Apr. —Sept. 6.2/ 63] 63] 63 61) 62 6.1 | 61 | 6.3 | 6.3 6.4 | 6.4 i Year icine & 47] 47] 4.8 | 5.0 | 5.1 / 5.1 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8] 4.8] 47 I By smoothing these numbers, we have. | i Minimum | Maximum Range iF Winter.... | 4 ama2g | Noon 3.3 0.9 Spring .... | 3 am.4.2 10am, 4.6 0.4 Summer. ... | 4 am.6.6 : 1op.m. 6.8 0.2 Autumn. ... | Midt. 5.2 ' p.m. 5.8 0.6 Oct.—March . | Midt. 3.0 2p.m. 4.1 II Apr.—Sept. . | 2p.m. 6.1 | 1op.m. 6.4 0.3 i Midt. 4.7 | Noon 5.1 0.4 The winter months, with the relatively clear sky, have the greatest daily range, and the summer months, with the heavier amount of cloud, have a very small daily range. In all seasons the sky is more cloudy during the day than during the night. The maximum for the year falls at noon, the minimum at midnight. 1898— 1902. No. 4.] AMOUNT OF CLOUD. ANNUAL PERIOD. 331 AMOUNT OF CLOUD. ANNUAL PERIOD. Eee ee [ = January February | March April | May | June aes go ai ees 1899 1.45 2.58 197 | 503 4.03 4:56 1900 2.90 5.47 3.01 4:97 6.36 6.66 IQO1 2.00 3.63 3.54 | 4.20 7-24 7.81 1902 1.22 | 2.83 3.81 4.57 | 4-99 5.38 i Mean 1.89 3.70 3.09 4.67 5.65 6.10 Smoothed 2.57 3.10 3.64 4.52 5-52 6.05 July August September October November | December 1898 | [4.87] 6.46 3.07 1.33 1899 [6.90] (7-91) | [9.10] [3.51] 2.97 3.35 1g00 7.0L [7-83] [8.28] 7.22 3.35" 2.32 Igor 8.00 8.00 6.86 | 6.41 3.52 4.23 1902 [3.47] ([7-63] | Mean 6.35 7.84 7.28 | 5.90 3.23 2.81 Smoothed 6.66 7.33 7.08 | 5.58 3-79 2.68 The figures in brackets have been computed from the combined observations made at the winter quarters and on board the Fram under way in the neighbourhood of the winter quarters. The smoothed numbers give: Mean annual Amount of Cloud. . . . . 4,88 Minimum in January. .. ... .. . 257 Maximum in August. . . . . . . . . 7.88 Anntial Ranse «2. 103 paddoys sem ouSua ay) uaym ‘A[Uo spres Joy ayer soput "/,€ 5 359 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] — ‘ur uaye} atam yresyys pue fiesdoy, ‘vas ySiy yA MS Woy oeS “yp pue or usamjog 3 — ‘peimsvau 9q 0} yuIey oof ‘@oeu-d St6 | FO |e NqM-MSAM NqM | € gL | €9 | 1g gor MNM | *% — | ee — | or o6 G MSM MSM ng L ol Eo 98 99h ap NqM | oF — | br — Jo€-L 16 © MSM nS) MSM an or 6g ok ee GLb 69 MaMS ; 1 — , of — S £6 L MSM mS) MSM aN oI zg 89 bg 96h Beg MSM | Ie — | 0& — OL €or | 9 MSM / MSM ng z tg Pee a6 oe gol MaMS | 8 Of | a — 9 6 9 MSM | MSM no Fd tg rh 3°83 ges 66 MSM | &S — | €r — z z6 9 MSM MSM ny z Lg EE 38 1'9$ O1L MSM | 2 — | & ag or L6 9 Sam fo} zg Lek $6 G-LS Orr MaqMSs | gz — | ze — 9 €-6 gc Sam qN Or tg Lob oor F-6S oror MSM | 9f — | oF — & ror |, = Sam aN OI 6g gL z6 9°09 Lr MgqS | gf 62 | Se — or L6 |r Sam 09 qN | O71 6g rg | g6 E19 gs Ss | 46 — ) or — 9 Gol 2 Sam, | aS) ING Or £6 Lg oor I'zQ gs S| Sr — | o — + ror | 2 sqM Sqm ng ¢ 26 toate) 36 I'tg ge MNM | § — | 2 — oI TOI | G-1 Sua Sa M wD | Ee c6 | &g | 86 ¥t9 gh MNM | Lt — | ge — 9 66 | a1 Sam | AANA sp | F 6g | og | 96 oto ge MaMN | 8 — | s& — z L6 z SqM. SqaM n974S L 98 LL L6 L€9 ol Sam , S6 — | eh — or £6 + SaM Sqm ISD s 6g gL 26 E-€9 ok Sqm | LE — | €S 19 9 96 c-h Sqm Sqm SID € £6 126 tL g'z9 88 Sqm | Sh —|[sa — z L6 | M\SS WI | Lg fL | gg 9'%9 69 MAqMS | of — | br — O1 go | § A\SS ° 98 GL | 96 slg SL MSM | 6 gz} fz — | go L6 s MSM MSM n9j7S 9 zg oe 96 E19 o9 MSM | 2 62) e& — z L6 9 MSS MSM qn Or £6 zg a6 z0g o9 MSM | Fe ge | be — or 96 9 SqaM-MSS Sam ND4S | 29 1% | PL | &g POs +6 MSM | &S —} Ir — | 9 L6 9 MSS 7S) MSS GN | z0r c6 tg 96 96S a6 MSS 61 Le | 0 ag & 66 L MSS ro® MSS qN | ,01 16 bg IOI 1'09 L-or MSS | 9S — | eS — or ror | L-9 MSS o® MSS aN | 02 is oz Sor MSS | SP ge | of — 9 66 (9 MSS | 09 ASS qN | 99! 16 | Lg | gor | g€9 Gor Mags | $§ — | gh — z €-o1 | S-b MASS | 08 MSS qN | ;01 £6 88 Sol 6-t9 06 MqS | &1 Sz | oF — or Lor | € MSS MSS qN | ,°2 16 a) For L‘So uk MASS | EE te | oF — 9 Gor | € MSS = gor 96 698 I'O1 t-99 Lo s/t — | Sp — c Lor | @ NqaMN MSS n934S | o8 £6 Lae) 96 elo eS MaqS | fr €& | Sb — or oir |@ MNM MSS nS | 08 Lh S9 g6 LLo Se S| or — thr — 9 Gor | z MNMA NaMN ND4S | oF tL 89 ool alo ge wA | EF — |; oF — Cod Lor) @ NqMN NqaMN ND3S | 09 wl | el | gir: #99 re NaMN | SE — | SE — o1 Sor | z@ SqMS = NaMN aN | 9° £6 ag +6 6-F9 ae MqQN | @@ ae sf — 9 gor | €& SqaMS Aas) NGMN qN | ;01 16 6-8 Ort fomixe) es Ss | es — | 66 — co} 6or | ¢ SqMS => SqMS qN Or £6 +6 Gir 1ko Lg S | GB 1% | os — or or | + SqaMS a2) SaMS qN | 01 ko Lg Mas | — | Se — | 9 rir | + SqaMs SqaMS n93S 6 88 $6 Leer aco ol S|} ge o2| Le — z Sie |e SqaMS"SaM SqMS ng-1S 6 98 6g OSI g'So as S | got 61 | ce — or 66 z SqM = z01 26 06 Or L-99 oe MqS | Of gr | 6€ — 9 rir |e Sy i) SqaMS qn | ot 06 88 Ol €-99 os si} eb — | or — S Lor | z@ Sam Sam ISL) | oer 1g LL S01 ¥g9 es SqMs | gt — | LE — or Gor | & Sam SqaM WD] z oL Lg gor I'y9 ah MNM >} I — | 6 — 9 Lor | & Sam SqaM wD) & €L 89 Fo glo os MaMNn | 8 — | gE — z Lor | € MNM MNM nj341s | 9 SL 89 86 £-99 og MaMN | Sc — | Sb — or bor | > Sam i MN aN | oF =g eb 9°6 orto 98 MaAMN | 9% — | 98 19 9 or It [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. 360 H. MOHN. Bigs MSM = oI go | EL ok 6s 19 MSS | et 6b | of — or bb | MSM MSM I | © 6g | glb | 26 or9S tL MSS | 9€ gh | or — | 9 Seen ae MSM | ¢& MSM Di 0 16 | *g z‘ol oss LS Mas | ss — |S — z Peal pe MSM = or +6 | ol og L-9S L€ MSS | 12 — | 0 6S or ee 1 € MSM = or t6 | So gS zg gr MS | or — | 1€ gf 9 gf i MS = or 16 | Lo 39 gss Le NqaMN | 2 — |S — z 1g oe ise MSA MSM yD) ez zo | eo | FS LtS LS ms | o Le | ait — | ot Bre, (ls MSM = or | 66 | oh | SL oss | oS ms | ezor |g — | 9 es |e MSM MSM op] 9 gg | rk zg z9S z'9 MS | 9? —|€ —] 2&2 gf | s Naw M Dp] € 9g | 69 &g 19S o'r MaMs | & Sh} o — ot be [a NaM | 5 Naw HD] € t6 | sq | aS 66 €-9 Sam |oe —|& —| 9 gt Lb © co) 16 | of ve c-6S Te Nam jo th) S — z oz 22 2 ry MSM pO] @ €6 | oS oe €-09 be Sqm | gh -- | St — or Bee |e ° z6 | gS vt E19 Ss mM | Se — | Lr 6S 9 Cag cla@ ¢ ° €g | o9 99 C19 gio MSM | 0% — | &S — z pac ned y ID | 1 LL | gS 99 1'zq oz — | €S gS ol Eig) || 0-0 MSA = or +6 | aS be 1'€9 Lt MSM | or &F | 2 — i $0 c = or 96 | aS ve gto ° es — | er — z 61 on o = ol +6 re ve t'to ° of — | Lr — ol saan as ng35 | 6 66 | +o | SE S-t9 be ass | of — | te — | 9 Sz | 0 Nqal Nqa ng3S | or 6g | o9 bs z'So Gs ass | G1 eb | Le — z ob | 1 Nad | z Naa ny-15 | 6 16 | fo | gs SS 6+ aq} or — | se —| or g's I Nqan Nqa s| 8 06 | 9 I'9 g'So gt Nqaq | $e rh | eb — 9 99 a Nqan iene) 6 1g gs &9 blo ° gs — | 6b — z gr cL I Naan | ; NQan n9-4S 6 16 89 ol Sg Ly aq | O€ oF | of 6F or SL |e MN Nqain nj15 | 6 ge | &o | &L o'S9 gz aqan|sS —|€& —| 9 ve |e MqN NqaNn nj4S | 8 7g | 89 88 gf9 gs ANN | ge 6€ | 6 — z ee | & MqN Nqan nj35 | 8 Lg | oe Sg Leg 9°9 ANN | gh — | St — oI gi | + MaN-Nqa NqaN nj71S | 6 Sg | 69 | og €-6S 69 ANN | er g&| le —| 9 Le |? NqaNn NqaNn nj31S | 8 gg | ob og 6'LS 6S ANN | S€ — | S& — z Lr Sg |? NqQan Nqan ngas | ot gL | 99 | 88 sss vit AN | 8 LE | gh og | OX | + Nqa Nqa n9j4S oI +6 OL ate} z'9S sol qi) oh 9&6 | GS — 9 ug | € Nqa Nqa | oF gL | &9 98 Legs og a} 9S —] er - z og z Naat Naa 1S | z01 ol I'9 38 E19 GL q | Sr S€ | be — OI o6 | € Nqan Nqan ng71S | 6 gL | eo | te gto es @: | 88 = | Le 9 £6 € MSM MaQn nj-31S or Lo olay Lg 6°09 6% aAqN | tr ve bh — Fad QI £6 € MN MN ng 6 ol to rome) orgs be AqaN | e& — | 1 — or r6 | € MSAVNGUM Naw ng-4S | Or zsh | 19 | 68 gs ge NqMN | © SE | gS 19} 9 96 | € NqaM Nam ny | 6 og | Lo | 88 ess gt MN | SE —/] 8 —] @ oer | Nam NqM IS | of gl g9 £6 ges bh NqMN |S ce | 61 — ol 16 € MSM" Na NqM no | z? eB So OL oes ek MNM | SP — | ge — 9 16 € NqM NA ng s 98 Lg gl 6-gtL 6+ MNN | ,81,1€ | ,9€ 29 S Sr Aine oniy ‘ord | ura ia) wut = |s*deu} = onay, FMS | aqeys wooo WO J uy AV N 4 keq re ToyyeT2 MW wd samy | ‘suay | ary jo | A°T 8S TRA | HonPotd = «dua a py | dea | dway | 99S ssuoT eT H gogt : BIS IO [[aMS spno[p “ssorg Pury, “SNOILVAYSS8O-V4AS SEA-OBSERVATIONS 361 1898 1902. No. 4.| “Opuly, Sepesy ye Amoqiey ay} uly; — ‘jopid soy Surem Hs ary gg — ‘opulp, sepeSq yo TMS ery zz — ‘punow qe ay ,, — Surysy-ynqyey 10; Ys eT 4, — ‘atoys ayy Suoje peyoevjep SOryd gr — “Plwoqiejs uo souvysIp saflur s Ul 9df g, — “| pue N spswMmoz ao SummooyY ‘aor Suyeog Jo syeq s passeg ,, — ‘peaye ao1-33tIp pedmoy 9; — ‘sBieqao! a[Suig “preoqieys UO aoueysIP saptu Sf ut yooyaor 1a33Iq Woo, — ‘901 Suneoy jo sayoyed payorzaq yy — ‘S2rylup ayy jo TPMS g, — ‘doyeyyng ey} Yo sm 1 ynoqe ea Sunvoy ay} eaN ,, — “sBroqaor 1983iq payoejeg ,,; — ‘afl ev jfeY moqe jo souLysIp & UT UAA}s “B pue peaye yoqaot UW 9, — “Loy wg g — ‘eye uado oy} paiojua ‘ue S ¢ — ‘901 oY} JO MO Wey aye} 0} UO JUaM “We Os -aog-s0r ayy Oypetoow [GS , — ‘ulur OF Surimp ‘yyuEeZz ul ASS-MNN FA ‘wed orrr ‘sog-aot ue 0} pastoowr ‘urd rr ‘aor oy} Joao = yg — ‘aor oy) WI Sujoy “UOzOY UNG ¢ — ‘adI-YUp ay} ur yseq “uozoy = y — ‘ao-yup ui NS ¢ — ‘aryUp oy) oy ous “ue TI; — “AMA OF YUNG-29] 1 ot o © MS an or Lg as es bas os MS | Lb — | eh or gS ° ie AqN n9-(1I9 b 89 ot I'g zoS be aAqn | Lb cf bb — 9 or z AqN aqNn n9-19 j zg Ls o9 gos LES, AqN | ’r — | ee — S Le I AqN | ez Aqn ID co} Lg gs gr » ghs 69 “AqnN | of — | SE — or gr jo zz aqN wt] § gl | SS | 99 gos rs aN | $2 — | 18 — 8 ge z MS z® qN | z01 €6 Ls oF 06S os aSsq | oF €S | 6e — z FE z MS © MS ng4s Or L6 gs PE 16S ol MSM | 0% — | ge — 6 ose I MSM | iz MSM ng4S or 06 as || #6 ols be SqMS | 28 ¥S | Ee — 9 Le I AqQNn AqNn ng-74S 8 tg os gr ass Ib N/|S — 19 g9 z gt I Qn AqQn IS L 6g 9S gb E-gS os GUNN} 2 — | Le — Or oe I MAGN | og Man n9719 L Lg gs Ly egs o9 Mqn |o $$ } Le — 9 rb ° Gt COIN n9g719 L 06 es omnes o'09 to Nqa | g8§ — | er — z ot 1-0 AqN | g1 AqN ngI9 9 cg 6+ Ee 6:09 e+ NqaNn | oF #£ | o Lo OL get ° Ei aqN ie) iS og os E+ E19 6s Nat | Oo — | && — 9 ge 1-0 MNN } 61 MNN ngs 8 Lg €°S oe S19 of NqMN | b1 — | c& — z al 1-0 AANN | o1 MNN ISD L 06 rs 6% g19 or N | 9 SS | of — or oo ° ve fis 9 Lg os Ge osg ° th — | L 99 9 oe t aAqn MNN ISHO L 6g gr ws g19 os Man | FE — | SS — z gt ° ey ng-19 b 88 cola ope S19 ° o $f | 6€ — or ol ° eI MNN ng iS} 6L ors Sh F19 Gs IN | oF — | ge — 9 ae ° 11 n94S 8 1g pe z'9 ZzQ ° oS €S | +1 Sg z Ve ° aAqas n91S 6 Lg 6s $C g:09 fos} aqs |& — | 96 — Or we |e ANA | or 0 ® ANN qN | 91 fg | of Se L-og er aS |S: | ee = 9 ord I ANA 08 ANN an Or +6 re ve S09 1 Sqq | Ol — | Ie — z or I ANA © ANA an | ,°r ob bh 6s g6s Ly qSA | sI — | o +9 or lope I ANT => Or 96 es ie 6S eg Sqa | st — | 0€ €9 9 ee z ANA 08 ANA aN } 5° 06 cs rb E-gS SL q | hr bo | gS — z er 1g ANA AS) ANA qN | ,°1 tg | &s gr +65 gl a|/er —j|se — ol or I Nqa => Or c6 gs ut big SL q | rr €& | of — 9 er jt Nqa Nqa DO] @ 96 | 19 | gt 9729 aad Sqq | 8€ -- | 9 eo] & gr z MaMs 9 I 88 9 to $-b9 ° : gt ef | of — Or gs I MaMN ° Sg to ol 1'S9 gz MSM | 18 — | Sh — 9 LES I MqaMN MaMN 9 z 6S as $6 Sao) re MS | && 18 | 9& — z or € Nam MSM ng4S OL Lg Ls os SL9 gr M | LS — | && — or gh € Naa 08 NqM aN OI z6 9S ose ESO Le MSM | o§ — | 9 I9 9 es € MSM MSM n9g74S oI Sg es Eb 1°Sg ob Sqm | &F — | gb — z es I MaMN MqaMN i) I 16 z'9 gS abo e+ MaMs | c& — | re — or es | 1 MaMN MaMN rm] & gg | &9 | Fo 9€9 fa. MAN | &t oS | oz 09 | 9 eS |@ MSM MSM n10 | 8 Lg | &9 ae) o'z9 Le N]os —|s — a es | € MSM MSM noo | - tg | a9 89 1°19 eb. Sqm | LE — | gh — or 69 | & MSM MSM ID co 98 | &o Lo €-6S =o Sqm | Se — | se — 9 9 € MSM 1® MN an zor +6 L-9 a9 S:L¢ Leb MN es — Se — = gc Le Se te es oe |2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 362 aN 9 MASS or cia MQsS . 9 or © aqas qN | 0 96 | Lb go aqais |g@ — | te — 9 ae at aAqas qN | 0 16 itr aa aAqas | ot — | Le — @ 8 2 Sqa qn | or 96 | OF Laps aqas | be — | 9¢ — oL so) 8 ASS Ss OI zg br ae aqas | e& — | Se — 9 zo — 0 Sqa wtp | & 6L | &r | be aqas | ob — | Se — z Eo —|o Sai 1S I 6g Ph I'l asqa | o§ — | te — OL Bio =e aN ID) 0 €6 | oF 60 — ANN | oF — | be — 9 a e1 NqaN IQ | 2 gg GE SO — aN , OF — | O7 — | @ L go i AN iD |, 2 Sg Sh Fr Naa | o€ 19 | St — or os o IN i) eI tas} gr rs asa | $€ 09}, 1 GL 9 Gz ° aIQN ID | 2 eg | 1s ay Ao | OP = | ghee 2 ae es sqa 1] gL | +S | g9 Haas | o 6€ | ge — | or ge 6 AqQn jas aqN Dp] 2 Sg jes | ib Sqa | LE — |S tL | 9 6s I-0 AGN |i QN 9 I €L oy OF AqN | St gS ; Sh — z 9 ge 2 N 9 I zg | os Ib Sq | $$ = | ee — or Sz 9 N ie) I Sg es at €€ LS | o1 EL 9 6b (0 on N DD) a gL | ES | oo of — | g8 — zs oF N ng-19 8 zg to | 6b Nj), & — | bb — 8 ae re s AST wD («6 ob | as ol aqs |b of | Le — oL ee 1 ASA |» aS qn | 6 Lg | eS | &b slo — | —| 9 Sz £ aSa ALS) Sqa qN oI zg Lae 6b ass | sb — | of — z Ge z asa A) AST aN ol By as oh aqs | s& — | 6 ab oI gs c asa © ASA qn ol 06 gS ob S19 16 aqs | es — | 6F — 9 ee z aASa |, 9® AST qN | ot egies rr org £6 ass | or LS | be — z + ASA |» © aASa aN oL L6 o9 ab L19 38 ass | Sh — 1g aL ol aqs | ,© aSa | of se | Ps 6e S19 gol ASS | $1 9S | oF — 9 ASA AST n9j-74S 6 +g eS Lv g19 e9 Sqa | oF — | se ol @ asa asa nj315 | 6 eg} gr | sé g'€9 Sg Sqa | of SS | SS — or aASa aSa IS | or eg | bb re 69 LL aqas | of — | €& — 9 ° iS 6 Eb Er oe Lg os aqas | Lt *S | gt — Ea € iS ° a MNM NG OL 88 os ot Ss9 Le Sam 9f — | Er — or es ° ° ol TS. mess: S19 oe Sqm | $&@ — | $t — 9 e ‘Sny Ss MNM ID | ote zg &-s | gr 6:0S or M | $e — | Sr — or es MNM I9 f 6L ss o9 61s oo M | $@ — | $F — 9 ag ° MS 4S S FL fate) Ly ees ge M| $s — | Sr — e or fo} MS Ss z cg to ol ess gr sym | S@ — | St — Ol 9% AqaNn ng3S 6 06 as ee S:LS o'9 AqIN | S& — | Sr — 9 ors I Saree) ASA qn or +6 es Lee 06S we q | oz — j 11 69 z of oF I SqM © Sqm qN | of gg | oF | ge 1°09 oF MS | & €S | gs — OL Le I MS «¢ © MS aN ol 16 us Le 1°09 Ls SqaMs | LF — | tk — 9 e€ ; 8 Sam ING or €6 bs be E-gS 88 MSM | LP — | th — z Le I Sam. aN or 06 ws gt S-9SL 88 Sqm LP eS | FE Lg9 6 6z Aynf anit od | wut fe) mu =f's*d-w) oniy, FANS | ayes uonsaad WIJ ‘wy M N wT keq ae rywoyy | swngy | ‘suay, | ary go |A2T-e9¢) PA | Toned aa: yey | ‘dea | ‘dup | WD 3S — ‘SuoqT | ey ‘H gogr BIS IO [JIMS spno[9 “ssolg pur, ‘“SNOILVAYSSSO-VAS 363 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] JINN Ppeyetsuy jo Wey og — ‘ed! SuNylap jo syaq ysno1y} pesae3g yz — a} wap Uy gg — “Ap ayy [fe et Suygyuq z; — “991 ayy ul uONesIAeN ,, — “YSnosy} sn Summures pasuauwo0g 9g, — “10y = 4g, pue 9, — soy = ,, —-wed g qyet ayy oyun skep Surmoyjoy ay} jseq y, — “SuEprys ep e st yup ‘aor oy} ut uoNeSIAeN ,,; — ‘We or Aep yxou 0} aot ay} ul ysey cur ‘d L ,, — ‘adr ay} Jo yuUMODDe UO Udy} pue Mou Suiddojs ‘8m0S use ‘um ‘ve 6 ‘aor oy} ur peddoys ‘m ‘ve F ‘vas payzziio pue ddI BSULYLIP Ul g, — ‘Aep oy} [fe S81aqeo] z, — °,S% lajawerpruas G)‘spnop yuaosapry ,, — ‘esoys oy} Suoje Summooy “punoie s81aqao1 19881q [ersaes gy, — ‘sunied usym “ue or Aep yxou 0} ylatutodg iW ¢ — “ylArusedg yo fz , — -ylAmedq yo own sS1oqeor puv 901 Sunjup a] VW , — ‘peeye ay 4 — ‘punoie ssiaqeor [eiaaeG —“uARYpor) Sulava] ysn{ , — “WAeYpoOr ‘We OFS , — ‘apul| Sapasq Suiaval yW _¢ — ‘epUl Sepesqy ye 1oyoue yy ; pue gs ° | NqaMN SID I 0g or oz 6S ek M | Sb’ — | 2 gl z re fo) NqM\N ISD I tg vs OF ses of NqaM | Sb — | 2 — or Ga ° fo) 6L Sb oft ges 1 MqN | S& &L | g& — 9 be ° og ° 6g | th aL 6-ES orl MN | 0€ — | te — ze | Sr or I MN ‘ ° £g Sy gr res bb NaMN | 0€ — | 9 LL or or I MN fo) oL eb ot L-+S EL MqMN | Of eb | of — 9 bo — T MN | ° cg Ly be g-cs LL MaMN | of — | t& — S nO = I MN | MN a) I Seg Sk | ber Dot gS MN | 02 IL | G1 ob ol zo — ° ° Sg ub So gLls Ls NqaMN = gz of | gS — 9 ro — ° ; MNN i) I 26 ub vo | gs Lb Man | of 69 | eS — z bas or ° | ° Sg ay or 96S go AqAN of go | &F — Ol gio ° { ° 06 | Fh go S09 or€ Man § Lo) ze — 9 61 ° ; i ict 1S r tg E+ OI Q'19 ord MANN | 8& £9 | g& — fod Tr ° | q ng4s 9 16 or 1 0-9 ob AqAN | of Fo | g& — o1 Eo ° on q ngs 6 96 rs gi go ge Naw | ob — | &% — 9 or] 0 ras . Ci nj74S | ol 6g aaa I'l S-t9 Ea ANA | © 9 | oh — zg €1 Lo = ° Hie — MSS nj74S 6 06 ob faze) Lt9 QI Mas , e? — | g& — or go — ° os = ol +6 gt bans LEQ ° ; g& — | gE — 9 Lo— | o > ol tg gor ee B19 ol s | Fe — | g& — Fd gio — | ° | = o1 go | Ly g'0 L-o9 Se ASS | o€ — | gE — or co — ° => Or g6 Lt eK) L-gS QI ass | Le — | LE — | o€9 gio — ° | Ov= ol 06 | oF me) gos 1g Sqa | te — | LE — e | er go— , o ax Ssqa or 96 gv go ols og Sqa | oF — | 9& — 6 60 -- | 0 > 4 | Sqa aN Or €g rb ir $-6S ob Sqa | Lt — | 96 — 9 60 — 0 * Sqa ol 06 ob 6:0 g'09 br Sqa | &r — | SE — & to— .o Led Sq inte) L z6 ad g'0 L:zg HE Sqa | or — | S& — or go | ° | i) n93S 9 06 ub Eo— | gr9 ° 9 — |; 8 — 9 Osa, Oo tay ie) I 88 Le Gr B'SQ ° ze tg | S& — z II 60 — | = ASS 66 Ib gi— | Lag ot ass | lS — | ce — ol Lo — ° => ° 06 Sb lr Ls9 fo) eo — | 1€ — 9 60 — i) ASS nj(19 Ss 66 oP go €zol be ASS | OF — | of — z or — | ° i = L 1g ge zo S19 tr aASS | Sk — | o& — or go— , 0 = S €6 | ge ST b “S69 os S|] er — 6z — L or— | -o j = I +6 6 or = 56S or MaMs , oF — | gz — S or go-— | 0 Sq IS z 66 eb 60 — | Sgs Ge Sqa | g& — | Le — or or— | o re MGMN ng3as or LL or Lvt 6:LS hans MqMn | SE — | Le — 9 Bose! “e a) Man aN ol gL ge cape PLS Bs MqNn | €€ — | ge — G go— | o © MqNn qN or gl gr ane o°gS BE MqNn | o& — | Se — oI 60— | 0 : © MN aN or +L ge Sor 0'09 ae Man | Se — | Se — 9 6o— | © | .K@x® Saat qn | 07 96 | Sb | to L:o9 Ge aANa | oc — | oe — z |6 or — o = nog-19 o1 6 tr 970 E319 G1 Sqa | St — | 9s — OL go — | o | MSS aN. or £eg er er o'09 gs MSS | OF — le — 9 eo = \ °o oe — MASS aN or Leg ab os E-gs or MSS cs — se — ze METEOROLOGY. [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN., 364 e. ~ mo) Y= OG gi vVeys vy ol 9795) 8 Ss nj | ¢ LL FE | Lo— | 6gs cl 9 bot 3e is |e 6L | rE | 6O— | 09 ° z &z 20 = “2 ANN wD | + 69 ré | so— | grog 6rr ANN OL oo! 20 ANN GID | Es 6S | 6€ | ae ItIg grl ANN 9 ie ai eS ANN 9 | ro | to | gE | ge €19 | He ANN z echoes linea I 1-0 69 | OF | ge 9'19 re ANN or Lo — fo} ty ee = € €8 Er Cy 9'z9 os aN WES sy 9 Be |e NaMN ngs | b 99 | SE | oe S-09 38 Namin | = > | OF S| oe ze 9:97 o er: NqaMN ng31s | Lb cg op ol €-6s oe MaMN Se a OL eC | yO ANN oj3sg | L cg ob | or €-6S ° Lb — | Ly — 9 GO 2 MSM nj71g | I Lo ge | 61 gLs ° Ly — | Ly — z So —| 0 Naa nj7S$ | S$ 6L Sh | 6z LLS ° ty — | Le — oI Go — fe} nj 31S 9 0g E+ os o’gS fey Le — 1 aaa 9 Lies aes 15 | 6 cg | eb | er CLS ° Lb—|Lb—- | ¢ Iz Lo — 2 nj71S | 6 zg rb ae €-9S ° Ly — | Le — oI fo — ° n9-1S 6 cg Er 1 6°9S fe) Le — 7 od 9 Boe |) “O: NqM nj15 | 8 og | Sb | tes o'9S ° Ly — | Ly — z fo—| o NqA nj-15 | 8 16 | of | gz ass ° Le | Le = II vo} © nj71g | L 6g | th | ar o-7S fe) cei cas L reer) oe ca NqMN nj71S | 8 Lg Et | Go oes ° Ly — | Le — z oz vo—| o a nj35 | b Sg | Sh | os oes ° Ly — | Lp — or oo ° ol MN nj-715 | 6 cg Eb | br gas ° ee als 9 oro ° 8 LL | th | gé gss ° LS — | oF — z BOs) -O AS) M\QN qN | o2 cg | of | of 6ES ° LS — | 9b — 9 fo0—| 0 = oI 6g or | te ges ° Lo =.) 9h — z 6r zo—| 0 2 o1 og | Sb | os 6-ES cape Man | LS — | 9F — or fo—j| o — or 16 gt | os Ets ae Man | LS — | 9h — 9 foxe) ° — INN or 88 or gic ES os ANN | LS — | 9% — z =o ° = oI €6 rs ta 6°+S ° of = |) Le = OL fosfe) ° 6 nj-3S L Se Lv bo cs ° oS — | Le — 9 go — ° s oS as qn | of 6L Eb | te acs gr as | o&§ — | SF — z gr tro — € SqMS | 1 SqaMS nj15 | 6 ol ut gs rege Sri Sams | of — | Sh — Or go — z SqaMS SqaMS iS | o1-6 og e+ os ges gol Mss | St Pl | Se — 9 Zo € Mag 9 = oI +6 gb feMte) brs Lg mss | Sb — | S$? — @ or — ° ¢ MqsS ng34s | 6 6g or Sr ofS ab Mags | © €L | ob — 9 CE ° Mqs nj731g | L 16 gr Or Leas ore Mags | oF — | &E — € Li or — ° y Mqs nj31s | & 6g br le ES ul Mas | oF — | £& — It ol I Mas Mqs njde | 8 tg br OL 6S 38 MS | oF — | && — 8 Ge ° € Mqs asec Ss 0g es ors or€S Ge MS | oS — | oF — z at ° MaS Wp | & Lo Leb o'9 Bos os Mqs | o§ — | of — 8 QI ford fo) z pj] 0 gl 99 Lg oes ° oS eb | oz — OL Gs ° 1 NqaMN Ij | 1-0 €6 or os gas 89 MNM | 0&8, €4 | 21,84 L G1 ‘any ani, ocd | wu 4 wu =ofs‘d‘m) = ani JMS | ayes woTPIIIG, WLIO wy M N VT seq Br Joyyes “Ud “ump | ‘sua, | ary yo |"4°7-%2S PA | Tone - ‘dua y, ‘py | ‘dea | duay | WO 7S SOUORT ih Pade H g6gi eva 10 [JAMS spnolg “ssalg pur, “SNOILVAYSSEO-V4aS 369 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.| poloowy yy — “Sor ut uoNesiaey ‘urd b paysia~y oy — ‘uo JUaA\ pue peysiem ‘utd + -Ae[Q dweg ye J0youe VW UsABY JOJUIM ysiy Ino ‘rea yxou Sutids ayy 0} pakeys am aiayM Srens Boy JO JUL ussy}tou ‘yygr ay} uO se aodeid ames ay} We IOYyOUe WW os, — “Weg sory ur Seq v uy soyoue ye wd rr gy — ‘wd 1x ep yxau 0} a0y oy} 0} paioom ,, — “pues, IE peyxysoy ye a0y & 0} ‘uooulsye s,Aep }xXoU oy} 0} padejs aM aio ‘We.YS dd1Qy Jo Jo[UI UJaYJIOU ay} UT IOyDUe TV 6 g — Aefg due sou ‘puvjsy EY peyvog yo pasoyoue ‘ur -d g 1, — ‘BIg aU Ul Suioyg g — ‘01 Ul UWOVBSIARNE « — ‘"JOOJIOI yy Suge yseq , — ‘ploljoyynoy yey wed + . — ‘psoljeymnoy ur Joyoue yes — “BuIypyeo-snyTeM uo 301 34} Uy or — ANN IQ | 1-0 QO be bve— | eee &S ANN or 6:0 — ° $¢ oS giI— hae ge ANN 9 60 ° 98 ot gE — | gss PS ANN & 60 — ANN ID | or Lo Le os — | gS gs NqMN or rr— ° gL OG or toS ° 9 br ° €L Ss roe Lge rg ANN z rI— : fo) 3g ge pS — | €¢¢ bb ANN ol 60 — | ° SL | be | S€—] gts eb ANN 9 go — i ° 98 S€ Lr— | ose gr ANN S 60 — | INN ng3s | ¢ oL Le | Ge— | 9S gs aN oI 60 — : ANN nj] 8 gl Os 6a— | PLS fs ANN 9 6:0 — * or SL 6s. oo — a Le ol aN 4 6:0 — ANN iS | o1 Ig re | Gso— | wle QI AN oI 6-0 — ANN ngy4S | 9 69 Be | gr — | age re aNN 9 6:0 — ANN nD4S | 8 89 | ge | or— | S6s be ANN z 6:0 — ANN ¥S | o1 69 | ge | gr— | g 6s gr ANN oI gio — ANN N9J-31S | or 99 Se Se— | Log oe ANN z 6:0 — Nqa ng} ¢ eb ge ba — | bog ae Nga oI go — ox Nqal nj} 9 ol os gi— | sog os Naw 9 Lo — Naa n93S | 8 ise) os So — | €6¢ or Nqa z Lo — ook Naa aN | oT 98 sé Lr— | gle or Nad oI gio — aoxk NqaMN qN | Or 98 S-€ gr— | Le gt NqMN 0&9 go — | NqAAN qN | OL Lg ve Ge— | Ls ol NqMN S 60 —| 0 : ak Nqt qN | O1 it gE | Es — | tHE we qs or Loo — | o wok Nqa qN | OF 06 Sg we — | Sc gs ANN 9 go—| 0 | ox Naa qN | O1 16 or Lo— | ree gr Naa z Lo—| 0 ak ANN qN | OI gl ge zo — res ge Naat OL Lo—|o NqaMN ng | or CL bE I'o— ces oso Man L 60 — | 0 NaMN SID | 8B Ig rE ei1— | Les ae NqMN & go—|o qN | of +g Le So — | att Les MaMN or gio — | 0 or Fas) or 6:0 L-t¢ ° 9 Co —| 0 * © ol 6g Eb So oss ol aS G gio — | 0 oX or 88 eb g'0 SS or qs or gio—|o ook qN | oO: L6 or go— | +S fo) 9 Loo— jo x © aN | o1 +6 e+ 90 L-€S ° S go-—| 0 * qN | O1 6g eb So oes ° or og — ) 0 x* or +6 t+ ate) ges ° 9 Go—|o * SqaMS aN | oF 06 Sb 60 res or SqMS S go—|o * MSS qN | OI 96 br ao — SoS fr MSS or gio — | 0 * or £6 ar tro — oes ° 9 go—|o AASS wD | § Lg | GE | go— | ees ge MSS z go—j|o Ss S10 | 9 98 oe Fo— | S-S¢ LL MSS co) ° s sles og or ard €-9S So MSS € of 6z gz Le 9% Ce te [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOFIN. co ea NAS | oF tL te | gt— | tag ° D ca ‘sk, ae NqaMN qN o1 99 os ob— | og fs NqMN | or ee MqQN 1) oF ay iL re | ro— | S6¢ ot MaMN i 9 ae Nqa ng71g 6 zg 6e¢ | gE— | 06S of Naa | z on Nqa nD4S | 6 09 os Cl 1°6¢ os Nqa | i or oe INN qN | on eh | Se |b - | feo | Ls ANN 9 br — NqAAN GN | oF oL Sz Ft — | age ar ANN z 9 er — NqaMN qN | ot 6L Se | gt— | args cg NqMN oI ou NqaMN WD | 6 cL Sz or— | ole re NqMN 9 est NqMAN IS | or 6¢ Ve | FE— | LS Vs NqMN z oem NqaMN n9Z-3S | 8g oL Es et— | olf Se NqaMN ol er — NqMAN njZ71S | g +L Ese | of — | OLE oe NqaMN 9 1 — NqM nj | 9 39 ve | oo — | LLe re MaMNn z ¢ eri ° IL ose or — | 69S Pr NqMN or oe ° oL ws gt — | Legs oe NQAAN a oS ° 89 ve | Oo — | Ege ° 9 Tea ° 6L Gs rg — | +6¢ ° Or as ° gl ta aS — | €:09 OF Nqan 9 ri MSM Ip & 69 or Fo— | 119 ae Na G + ee : ° 39 oz | &S— | g og ° or ae ° g¢ gil rr— | og UP Nqa 9 ae ° 99 te ge — S-09 er ANN e a ae ° xe} Gz ee — | org ve Nqa or Poy Se / 0 9S oe cE — tig ag Nqol 9 er — oOo g¢ Lr gr— | 6:09 ga Nqa a € fr — ° tL os eo— | 619 oF as Or et toa fo) LL fad 9S — | of oe Sqm 9 RAL ° IL Se ge — tomete) le ASS i z er ° cL Ge | et— | E-bo ve ANN | : o1 Pp ° iL os oS -- | ato or ANN | 9 br — ° LL fe og — Ltg fe ANN | a z is ANN Ip | 1-0 99 oz TS — | Eo o€ ANN | or OS ° 99 os ore oto Or ANN 9 ee ANN 1D | 1:0 aL Le te — a'SG ata ANN G 5 ° Lo oz or — | &s9 oe ANN | or eS ANN Ij | 1-0 Lo | &e | gE— | g19 or ANN 9 oe ° FL oe gs — 0°09 Or ANN | | fo t ydas er ANN 4S | 2 aL oe os = S-6S ot INN | | Ol er — ANN 19 | 1-0 £9 ge | &r— | ols gs ANN | 9 r= : ° 99 be r= | fas sie 2 INN bot ae ee ° 19 tz oz— | SS oe "ANN or tr ° ol Sa gE— | GSS SP ANN 9 PI 1 ° iL tes rh — | gol oe ANN = -WeYS sory z 1€ ‘Sny | ; onty aed wut S) wu sda) ana, FANS | 9303¢ uoaiqg W104 wy M N 4 keq aaa) TDI A “Ud ‘unyy | ‘suay | ay jo |taaq-vag| “TPA | FONE oe ‘pay | ‘dea | -dway | 19 yg |--- | ‘Suo'y yey ‘H gogr L B2aS JO [[aMS spno[9 "Ssolg pul, “SNOILVAYSSEO-V3S 367 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. eSt— vi— rI— e1— eri— Gr ei — Ci ° re) ADaAnroonmIro00g00000H 000 ° rome G o'r ol aI HR HH RHA BO CEN EGO Ge OS oer Orr ocr o € ooo 000 07 OH aa ‘asn ul wdyR} ‘O'O “1109 ‘SI ‘ON JBTYONY Usyo.q st so¥JAns ves Jo oinyws1odwia} oy} SuLmsvout 10} € ‘ON T2TYNY Jojouroutay} SY Lg — “YLp-Avous Aavay , — Moqiey oy} ur adr-yip pedwog , NqaM NqM NaM Naw Nam Naa Naw Naa aN ANN ANN NqaMN NqaMN NqMN ANN NaMN NqaMN ANN ANN ANN ANN ANN ANN ANN MN SaMsS SaMS SqaMs Saas SqMS SqaMS SaMs SsaMs Naat Naa Nqa MSA MSM MSM MSAA NaMN or 9 a or a 0 ° 4 a onnoonoondnoononronoay = = A ry = pa) m4 ~oodnnoow~wonononnornooao = a C1 €1 oI II [Qnp ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. NqM qN | 90! aL gt |r6 —y| gts os M 9 qN | 922 bL gr L6 —| ret S-z M a 61 D | 68 oL pr |eor—| Lig Ls NGM ol Id | 69 ze) Sua tor —| SoS PE Nam 9 ° gf | sr jg6 —]| ger gs Nqa z os ° ZO €1 |S6 —]| gogtr as NqMN or INN Ip I mh €1 | Strr — |-L6r I'9 NqaMN 9 ° tg tr joer —| L6r gr NqaMN z gl ° ob tr |eor —| tr ol MSM oI Nqa qn or 1L G1 J|oor —| Sel S'S MSM 9 ox Nqa qn or gl Lit |96 —]| ges os MSM G Cie aoe ok aN | ;°1 gl Lr |o6 —j} ass re NGM ol ox an Or gl gr j|o6 —] 6s 3 NqM z aN | .°f gl gi jee —| ss Ler NqaM G Lr NqMN nj731S | 6 g9 | &r jeir—| sos gr NaMN or NqMN NOD | 08 oL | gr |Sg —] f9S ot NqM 9 ANN 13); | 38 LL Gr |For —] oof gl NqM G es ook Mn ng-19 | ,ef ol Hr III —} g'9S ws NqaMN or n9Q10 | of €L er [ler —} Sle os NqMAN 9 ° 89 60 |oSr —] ole or NqMN G 91 ° 69 or |orr—| ole OL NqaM ol ° SL rr jor —]| Sgt or NqaM 9 fo) oL Gr |orr—| 6gSl or NqM PENS Voy G Sr ydasg : aniy, aed | wu 9 wu fs‘d-w} oni FANS | ayers woe ULIOJ ‘uy M N 4 seq ae Joyyeo “md wing | ‘suay | ary Jo |‘Aay-eag| “TPA | woHvesq ok py | ‘dea | -duay | 419 3S ‘Buoy | “eT H g6gr wag IO [[aMS spno[9 ‘ssoig pula, “SNOILVAYSS80-V3S ‘yysiupim pue ‘wd - ‘uoou way “saloe[s ay} 19A0 Sogq , — ‘saprs ayy Jaa0 Soq ,g — ‘UdARTAWIM ay} UL UIWSY , — “purIs] WIG Proypag Jo YyMos paioyouY “ue OFOI "UIARYOJIAL ay} Ye, Wery “We of | ISI | of Lg ef oo eras ° “IPUA SID | ot 1g gs 6s gos ans MN o1 2 oO) 1 go | of | go g6s or MS y -_ ng3js 6 og os 69 S09 oS NM! uooN iS SI9 | 6 Sg os 6% 109 ° F 1 of is oL €L Pr gs $6 ° “PUN 4S ol £9 gr ae 96S ° 8 aS) aN ol £6 es oft 68S ° t is) ING ol Lg gr Gs 1s os MN | uoON as) ING or £6 es of 69S oe AN 8 ISD 8 98 gir gs eso 8 ° } + 6a © an ol Sg gh oft regs ° | “PUN © qN oI 388 os 6G L-+S o 8 xo aN Or £6 os Gs €-eS ge MSS + *9E qn or +6 us os 6S oy | MSS uOON i a) ING oL oor |} €&s Or Tes cer MSS 6 wn Ss 1S or £6 6+ gi ooS Sg | MSS + ga z N n9g74S | ,er zg e+ ol b-6r gl | S | “PUN oO an or tg oF be oroS ob | Ss 8 | qN | o1 +g gb bo gos we, | Ss $ IS | oe oe 6s 6:0 — | S99 6s as PL |} -oS gl | oft S n93S | 4 06 rb ro— | 6Lo ° FL | of gl PUA t Sp | Lb tg as Eb $39 Lr MSS ; SE tL | Le gl | ofg NDS | 68 FL Lr SF 3°99 39 MS |,L8 FL | oP sgl t MS nd4S | oF SL oF Sr S99 to MS uooN MS ng75 | 5€ oL ob bE 0'99 OL MS 6 MS nas | 5 GE tr | ga 1Sg 1 aN oe ng3s | > Lo rb | GE Leo oe MSS PLN ISD | os 69 Sip. rs oto 6s Ss 8 cs nD4S | oF tL SC ol oto aL Ss + nj7S | 6 tg us oe ESo L+ MSS uOON AAS n4s | 8 Lg gr | Sz g'S9 os MSS 8 Ss nj34S | ob g6 gh o'o So OIL MSS v € ng3S L 56 Ly Sr tto Iv M “PUA nas | 6 fe by £< E-bo es MS 8 ; MS ISD | of ol th | &€ tb9 og MASS ¥ | nQ7S | 48 Li gb Er 6't9 es MS uoON, n9-3S | OL Se a ee Eto Lo Ss 8 MS 93S | Or 96 is gr Eo ub Ss r & | N nj7315 | L Ig Ly ee 119 coats} Ss PUN | S IS ¢ gl ac as g6S GI Ss fe} Ss is | ol es ol 68S Gar S + S isl] $L gb os L-gS Sar Ss I S iG] zs oo as gl glS 68 s 6 Ss SID | « gt or 38 19S eo Ss + I ‘Sny S 1D | 8 6F Le | ol g'9$ gf MSS PUA S ISD |} 69 19 or | LS es vb MASS 8 Ss 1D | o% Ls o? og Ses or eS + ID | 92 bts} as eb ae M uooN ID | ot gl LS | Lo gos ° 8 Ss ISD | oF gl eS ys L-LSL ° PRS DIN + 1€ Ayuf aniy, acd wut e) ua std! ona, JANS | ayes uonoa.nqg WO J wy M N 4 keq ie ryywamy| = UC anne eae) aug | Ee PA | WoRVe1g S ‘dwa ‘ey | dea | dway | 79 3S AUST | Seal ‘H Got L BIS JO [JIMS spno[g ‘SS01g pum, “SNOILVAYSSEO-VaS 371 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898—1902. No. 4.] ‘ue > ‘QI ay} OWN aor By} 0} patoout Suyeaq uoou wo1y “S 0} JOoJao! oy} SuoTY “PULA oq} ysureSe Suryom ApMoys ‘Suios yw yday “eye uado ur 7S pesse7s “We Q "ISBT ¢ — “BUIOD) y — ‘a8pa 201 aq) 0} ISB] - — ‘PsoljyoxfNog oF Toyear uedo uy ‘ulseg auey oy aor ayy Jo yno paddyS , — “WoaRyseyUIM 94} Yor Wey ‘ud of'L e oo Ss qN | ot +6 ws 6S + =ryo© qN | OL 96 gr 16S oz €L | oa gl PUA y 09 qn | ,01 +6 Le 16S 8 Xs) qN | ;°! €6 os 1gS + aS) aN | 0 gé go S-gS of €L |} oc gl | u0ON aS) qN | <0t 96 er Legs 8 9) qQN | ,01 go [exe] 6°gS € 2 XO N qN | OF 96 go 6'gS of €L | Sa gl | “IPI WS | OT 6g Ie 6S 8 nj1Sg | of 36 tape S09 v 1S | OT +6 ol E19 tL | Ss gl} uo0ON | as ng15 | 6 €6 or L19 8 i S ng3s | § 36 UL t19 + is | ? +6 So €:a9 +L | Se gl | “PUN | n9-4S | 59 6g gl 9°79 8 ISU es gs ome) L-gS iP ID | o? 6L 69 LLS I SID | ob So gb Fo 8 S10 | 48 Lg bg SS + St | LL os tg 6°+S uooN, ° iv eo o'09 ob al | of gl PON ° 9f 88 619 8 z ° 6g ome ato + i ° 16 br Z'99 SL | of gl uOON wD | - +6 Gs o'Lo 3 n93S | 68 z6 ol 6:09 €L | oF gL + SID | OL 16 Gs 9°99 €L | of gl PIN ng3s | or €6 es 3°99 8 n93S or tg oP L:99 Cr SL | eS gt + wtp | 9 Lg re z'99 €L | o 6L | uwoON nj-75 | oF 68 Vs $99 8 nj3s | 6 6g gl gS9 + qn | 6 g6 g1 t99 ot cl | g 6L | POT ng-15 | 6 16 ol L‘99 8 ng3s | 6 +6 OL elo + nj-7S | o1 96 Se glo of cl | Se 6L | wooN ng-3S | oO gl Lr 6Lo 8 is | 6 Lg Lo L-g9 + MSS qN | oF +6 oo B89 PUN MASS aN | of a6 to ool 8 s MSS qN | Of +6 90 Sol i as MSS an | 6 $6 90 Sol o€ ol | Se 6L uooN ms 41S | ,0O1 26 9'0 ooh 8 on MSS aN or +6 Zo vel + ‘las SurAy Asour “ypu Woy, ‘201 9Y} 0} paioout ueyy pue Mou ‘youd oy} ur J C1 con oa ol |QND ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. ISD | 6 £6 re gs SEQ gi N | of EL; o2 LL | uo0oN x S10 | of £6 ao jbe tg Sur NaN 8 9 SID | 401 $6 Sr |g:0 gto Le ANN t GG é ng-3as gt 96 Lik | go 6-s9 ° of EL | te LL IDA SD | 49 06 6r [ri of9 Sr. N 8 SD | 49 68 Gr |Gz Li9 or ANN + Sto | oF a6 Er | co Fg as MN | of SL | ge LL | uoon SID | <8 96 Sr | €0 B19 bie ANN 8 r SID | of v6 | wr |ho— | &I9 gt IN y | 1% ng-3S 8 96 ev bo — Q'19 Vo ANN PUN nj-3S L 96 gt | Fo 1'sQ fo) 8 = or +6 Sr | go oto fo} + = 1S or t6 Gt |e Eaete) ° of €L | SEé LL | uoon = is | ,? 6 Eb | so FEO fo} 8 so 1D | oF 6L | gf |rr— | 1&9 ° b | 0 S10 | oP 46 | ob | 60 aa) or S PUN IID | oF v6 | oF |g EE ge MSS 8 way, 16 of | gz 6'€9 L€ Ss + z nis 9 06 PS [Le ag eX) ot s | of EL | sb LL | uoon nj-3S | Ot s6 oS | 61 to Gs MSS 8 n9-31S L 16 gr |gi obo fe MS + 61 | Or g6 | oF |ao o'9 ° IPA = Ss OL 96 gt | to toarare) ol Ss fe = 1S OL 6 or | et foarefe) ° + = Ss or £6 or | gi 1'sQ ° of €L | 6b LL | uoon = qn or 96 th |aoo— z'19 oe N 8 1 ngs or 96 gb | fo 309 ° + gl ng4S 8 $6 or |r 0'09 ° “PUN wyIS 8 26 gh jor €:09 Qa MS £ | qN 6 g6 gb jor 9:09 Le MSM | of EL | of LL | uoon : 2 aN } ,of oor | gh |S: 0°09 ok MNN 8 * © qN | OI g6 | Lb |So 9's 99 aSS tof by * © qN | ,02 96 or | to 68S Sr aqs PUA 1 o8 aN or 96 eo | we 0'09 fo) 8 | aS) qN | ol +6 re | re 0°09 ° + \ oS aN or c6 oS |61 Trg ° of €L | € gl} uocon i xO ING OL g6 Ly | Lo o7s9O oF MS 8 xO qn ol go oF | to 6'19 Ls MS + 91 *x © qN | z01 g6 Lt | Lo L19 ° PUY qN | ;01 96 gr jar 619 re SqaMS 8 99 qN 6 96 oS jb 619 fe S ¢ i) ng-34S oI +6 So | bs b19 ol S | of EL | ot gL | ucoN ng71S or +6 aes le go9L tome) S | ,OT,EL | S13 8 Sr -Sny : anit, od | wut 9 wut = fs‘d-m) onary JINS | ayeyg woo uO ‘wy MV N Vy Avg ee Tayyea Id any | ‘suaz, | any yo | 8°7-82S PA | LoRDad -duiay, pu | ‘dea | cduay | WO4S ‘SuoyT | “eT ‘H gogt BIS IO [[aMS spno[9 ‘ssoig purty, “SNOILVAYSS9EO0-VAS inp) oD SEA-OBSERVATIONS, 1898 —1902. No. 4.] ‘aor ay} UT sey gg — “ploly wesy oy} no ‘We ofS ,; — ‘uO JOYA puke rou WO tol ‘oN JajWOIEg og — ‘Loyoue yW Gg, — “puels] aug apisut peddorp oram sioyour ay} arzayar ‘pioly wesg oy} oyu! ‘weajs pue pes Io} a1oys a4} 0} paisa}s “We OT ‘puNog souOf m spnos pux Sog et — neder Jepun Jayeuouloue ay ‘Uayo1g JoJeWIOWLIEY} J9yI0 ayy, ,, — “Jap1o Jo No sZ}9WOUIDUe sYT, “SuNVeq ‘purm oy} Aq Suyws ‘ure g ‘eas uado ‘ure L 9, — ‘peaye aor asop ‘w -d II ¢, — ‘passans w I ‘N en3} UL pues] eu0D pojySis ‘uw -d g ,, — ‘qySisur puy ‘wv or oy — ‘Suyfor ay} 07 Supmo peat oq jouued JajaWOING ey 5; — ‘passanS ‘yo sap of ‘Ay 7/, AA NAA atUQ UL YOY 9u0D eIqnoq powsis ‘wd S 5, — ‘uoHpeNp ApIoyNos ur use Suios ‘ue 6 ‘aol uayoiqun ‘asopd 0} potoom ‘we Lg, — “punoie aor petayeVSG _ — ‘ddl ay} UT payeaq puL sjles apem ‘ud g , — ‘“Ssuryoywo s0y paddoys ‘wv or , — ‘ao] Youls UL G ‘Wl “es y — ‘a01 yoeduiod ysour ayy Jo yno “prt iW ¢ — ‘paads surdiva ye spieayjnos Suruun1 sem weers oy} ueyM ‘Mep ay} noySnoiyy [ys Avy pue peddoyg wears AjrayNos pue vor asopo ur spiwAysea “We OI , — ‘ssoisoid apy] Inq ‘s[earojur ye Suory ‘spremyynos A[8u04js uvr yey} ‘wes oy} ysureSe soueape Aypsey pip nq ‘sjeAroJUL [feus ye ‘NV Sulos yidey , — “youd esojo oyur somes om ueyar Sud 6 0} do! SuleyoRys a1our [WS Uy sprwaMY}oU SurpiomM sy} uoos psousmUosdy ‘poddoys uaym ‘urd o€°€ 0} ‘N uay} ‘soy om} Ul q ‘We IT wo , — ‘TNs Suid; Aysour uoousaye uQ ‘woou spseMo} aor Suruayovyjs ur Suros uossym ‘yord SuLMaiIs dy} 0} SuIo sanoy om} [Ys Av] puv ureSe uoos paddoys ynq ‘spawmysva ‘we ‘eg ‘YQJoU Ur souel asiey 0} dn AvM Surpuy 10; AN Way = 1 | ,O1 Lg iy to bo ° 8 = o1 c6 | ob | so— | EQS or MN t 3 OSE ° tg Ly Le ess Lr qa | o€ 1g | st gL | uooyn > ID | 8 36 ot IGE 9S ° 8 —— SW | ob 96 tr zo | gS SE MN | £1 1g | gt gb ¢ ny-4S ol tg gs as girs Ls S| o 1g] 02 of PIAL n9g4S 8 gs gs aS oSs oF S 8 n9-4S 6 to ar | oS ass ss MSS of'F 0% Ss ng1S or 99 oF 6s Lvs OL ASS | o 1g | oc gL | ucon MS ng7s | ot lg | o9 | &9 Tgs LL ass 8 AAS iS] or zo | ob | gt 98S 19 Ss tg ng3s | 6 Ls L'€ oS 16 ag ass 8 n938 oL og os by 8S Lg ass b ngj3s or LS of | ob 6Ls OL ass | o 1g] 0c gL | uoon ng3S o1 6s L€ br els br aSS | 0 1g | os ob 8 fo) 61 ngas | ; gs gs os 6:96 be MN 8 ° et ng3S | or 0g or ta Lg gis MqS | of 1g | gt OL uooNn nj7S | ,o1 6g oe Ler L’gS £6 MSS 8 fo iS | 6 06 ot go — gSS SOT MS + € aN 8 a6 er zo TAT MAS sg | or ob “IPUAL ng73S 8 Lg ai to SL MSS of'g z ng34s 8 90 fir Mas + € LY aN ol os gels DOr MASS I ot qn | oF c6 e+ oo lor Ss 8 € Mqs aN 6 96 Lb go Sbr Mqs + -_ is | %6 c6 Sr | 60 Gor Mas eg |S ol IPUAL G-1 ¥T Ss n9-1S 9 Lg gt os S-6 S | oc 1g | gS SL 8 fod M ng-34S 8 €6 oS Ga rg Ags | o€ OL | SE SL + fad nj7S | of z6 PS | SE Ss SqMS | &S LL | Le SL | uooy fa 1 o® qN o1 a6 gs 6O€ ; bE qSq | of LL | SE SL 8 fod 31 o8 aN | ;,0! g6 gs SE Le aqasq | Sb LL | eb SL + z a or gt orf aAqan | og | o§ SL) api z wid S €6 S36 os FE OE Nqan | c& gf | 9 gL + oy ID | of 06 bot gr E19 gs N | 0€ of | SE ob 8 ° 7 N IS | oe 16 os Ss big or ANN | of SL | of o£ + iS 8 sg vr 1's 1's ok ANN | Of FL | Sx LL PUA } poked Le 6 [2ND ARG. EXP. FRAM H. MOFIN. 874 METEOROLOGY. ng1S 8 ol [oles rea gist ° DPI A\SS nas | O17 69 | Of | gs esr ber MSM 8 MSM ng3as | oF og | Lb jot Sb o9 ass ¥ MSM nj71S$ | of Lo oe | SE gat ok ass uoON oX qN | OF ob GE (Ss git ars) MSS 8 qn; Of 99 LE jot bit ot MSS + 9 qn | oT €9 LE [Pe ooh ol S PUN : qN | of oL ge jae gbh Ly S 8 ak qn | oF +6 Er |ro— | Gor oO ¥ * qn ol 6 re | go r'6r fe) uooN * qN or 86 Ey |S:o — LoS ° 8 * qn | oF 06 ge jor ras ° + | § oX 8 aN or tore) rh [ol gies ° IPA n9j1S or +6 Er loo gts ° 8 ng-34S or Lg Ib | €o ors Lé MS of-b qn ol Sg I'F | g'0 oss ° uooN qn OL 96 er lire o-9S fo) 8 — or 06 ge er 6-cs gt NqM r | OL +6 Er joo oS os MN PUA S09 | (6 06 tr | go a'gS ro) 8 an or 68 or ee oLs oF MN uoON an ol fete} rh jor TLS Ee MN of'g aN ol 69 be rl Pgs ° - § qN | OL 06 Le | gr Sigs Sa as “IPUN an or Se Ly [re regs os as + okKR = qn | ot 66 gr jor els ° u0ON okKS = qN | OT +6 gr jor PLS ° ploljouaepy 8 a 119 OX = qN | ot 06 gr jkr aL¢ or asa |? +g | 62 ob 8 or — aN or 96 or [Sr gS Sr N tg | oc of | u0c0on 6 KXVE zo 96 Ly jor 6s 0 8 — aN | ;°1 gé Sb | 1-0 pss tes MSM + T ydas s =, 8 o1 96 gr | to rubs os S PUN oe qN o1 16 Le |b re ° ; 8 L 99} qN | o1 £6 gr [bu pS bt aN + 9 =v,9 aN or Lg 6-4 | Le gts fo) of €g}o gL | uo0ON ¢ =v, 9 qn | ,01 +6 cr | to LoS or aN 8 \ = or sé Er | sao ess ° + 1é € an oL c6 Ph | to E-oS or MN “PIN td of o1 88 gr |gt 19S or MNM 8 ok 8 or 06 bh | go E-9S or NqAAN ¢ ox ® an OL +6 Sr |So oss Gr MN tg | gr of .| uooyN I xO oI +6 os ge gs fo} 8 *x © qN | of +6 gr |Lo €SCL oe ANN | ,0&,'8 |, 94 b | of ‘Sny ona, ord | wut o) uu fs'd-w) ony FANS | azeIg | UO WLIO Wy M N 1 kuq — TOE M td ‘ump | ‘suay, | any yo | AeT eS TeAy | Morea es | yey | dea | duray | 49 4S “‘Su0T ‘yey ‘H gogi L BIG IO [JIMS spno[9 “SsoIg pura "SNOILVAYSSSO-VAS 375 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898— 1902. No. 4.] ‘way} usamjeq pue sjenbs oy} Sump peanseaur ‘ AyTenbs puts BL gy — “AMoqiey s9}UIa. puosas .no ‘paofauavyy ut ‘wed o€'L ye ‘paroyoue aM arayar ‘pio e ur Suios pw ydey y, — ‘esour [[Ys peusyoe[s yey} ‘yord ayy YSno1y} spearejut ye Suryiom y ydey pue urese Suros “wv OL 9, — ‘SOF asuap Jo yMOIe UO ddojs 0} peSitgo ynq ‘901 ypR[s Ul sp1wM seo gpm e@ ur eS g — ‘yseq g — ‘ssoisoid on ‘psoly ew ur aayea uado spiemo} sinoy s jnoqy , — ‘yord ay} uryseq g — ‘ssaisoid opty ‘purl spremoy qsq Suwy , — ‘seq , — “youd oy} jo a8pa oy} Suoye spivMysvayynos smoy , — ‘peioom ‘urd of -9 , — ‘Sulos paoueulmooer “Ue ofS ook NG ol 99 os jrs— whe LY MSM : 8 ek 4S o1 tL rs |og— L-gS gs MS + ax an or oL re | Lo — 0°09 ° PUN 6x an ol 6L ge | rr — E19 ° 8 ox qN ol 6L be jrb— S19 ° s qn ol og gs | Le — $19 fe) uOON ok qn or PL be | Lb — foes ae) Le M 8 ok qn ol iL re | wo — €-09 fo) v 1S ol 89 os |S — LoS ° “PUL IS | ,oT Lo os |gS — £6 ° 8 SID | OP gl Le |qoE — 06S ° v SO | 68 LL Ss |or— o-gS ° uOON ox qN | 6 iets} Ge [oS — E-gs fo) 8 ox qn or Lg Sse joo — 9°gS ° + = or LL se | T9— #-gS ° “IPL Bk qN | ;0°T €L se jos — E-gS oe M 8 ox aN or oL Es lar — gLls os NM b ak qN } ,01 oL be | rb — 99S Se M UOON iS 6 oL wo jor — gss ls aN 8 ox qN | ;,01 oL Ga [Sh — $s ls ANA v ook qN or oL Se | oe — g'aS os Ss PUL qN | OL eL Ea | ob — S-1S os NM 8 ok qn ol SL Oe |e oor ° + ok qN or FL re jor — oLh os M uooN aN oL tg folie) ie 9'9or ° 8 S| of SL 6a {13s — lob ° + SID | 8 gh | ve jar— | Sor ° PIN | n9Z-1S € So be | rr — ELb Sx N 8 | ny | + 09 | re [rz 7] OLF ° + ! iS 8 Ig or jor igh a Ss uooNn nj4S 9 19 re [G1 €-6r os AN 8 | M ngs L gL ae jo €-6b ar MS v | nj715 | 9 g6 | gh |Go 6-6r Fol as “IDI qN | ot 06 Er |So o'6F oh M 8 ox qn or 96 gr |g LLt ° + KO qn ol gl or |Sé L-L+ Sr Ss uooN n9g34S or 69 ob jib OLY ov AN 8 ile) ¢ 1g gb | re SLb re MN + 9 an | .9of Ls ge [SF gLlt 6L ASA ‘IPA 24 n9j74S oL Ete) ee |gé aight Sg-a'b qT 8 nj3s | § ws | SE | er 1g? 89 ass b ng3s 6 es SE jor gt gs cists} uOON IS: | Lo GE | gx o Lb a6 ASS 8 Hoyas | 6 S9 S€ | Ss uly ° os +b aS $1 €r oI It or [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 376 MAN 0 | 8 9S | S1 Jeb —| Fog wet s te ANA 1D | of of | br (bg —)| Tog ve MS PIN dN | ,O1 SL we | LS —j| 66S ° 8 ak 3S | o1 09 61 lor —| s6S gr MSS + IS | Or £9 os ee —| o6¢ ° uooN is | o1 gs os |ge —| 16S ° 8 ID | @ 6L Sz lor --| FOS L's as + OG fo ol 61 Loo —| 36S ° PUA ISD} 68 +S Lr |Gb —j] €6S ré as 8 ISD | 5 1g gr |Lé —] ges ay as + 10 | ob 99 bo |o€ —| args tL ass uoON R5AG | OL ¥L ge [Se —] glS fo) 8 aN {| © og 62 |e —j gos ° Fj} 64 nNg3S | ,o1 gl ge |sés —]| 6ss ° “PUA N94 | ,of 0g 6% |o€ - orgs ° 8 nj-1$ | of Sg OE | ete. i. | Oks ° ¥ ng3s ol Z6 L°€ gr —| ss ° uooN nj-16 | oF Sg re |rée —| 18S ° 8 HIS o1 sg 6s occ) EE ° + gr IS | oT Sg se |ge —)| ges ° “PUL qN ;01 6g GS jee = | oss fo) 8 KIS qN | ;01 06 GE jos —| Les ° + Ng3G | oF Sg LE | go —| off ° uooN aN | 01 Sg Ge pe. | eG. ° 8 IS | OL ol re |Sr — | tS fo) + LI ok qN | ;,01 Sg Geo "| He =| errs fo) ‘PUN ox qN | oF LL 66 |bLe —| +S ° 8 qN | o1 LL Of, (ete |) DSRS: ° bg qn | o4 Lg Ge |e | Es ° uoON qN | OL gL Eee NE s ey) SHS fo) 8 iS | or tL oe fee | ess os S 4 9) n71s | 6 99 fs |gE —| 19s ae MN PUL qN | oT ob €:5. oh | ESE ° 8 aok qN | o1 6L ge {rr — | OLS ° $ ox qN | o1 Lg Gre a se | gS ° uooN oX* qN | oF &g Ge re | webs ° 8 qn | of 89 re |S _| LoS Se NM v Cx qN | oI og po {LS _ | 19S ° PUNT ax qN | OT tL bo |i | bss fo) 8 ok qN | ;O2 ol Ge re _- | #SS ° v qN | or €L we igS _| gSSb ° plofauaey uoon | Fr ydag ona, aed | wm } 95 uu = |s du) onary FINS | ayeig | uonsemg uL10 J wy i M N wy keq Re Joyyeo MW “aL. wunzy | ‘suay | any yo | aaq-vag}] “PA | Tone eee pu | dea duet | 19 5 ‘SuoyT | eT ‘H g6gi B2S IO [[2EMS spnolg | ‘ssolg pum ‘SNOILVAUSSEO-VAS € 377 SEA-OBSERVATIONS, 1898— 1902. No. 4.| HR ‘lapio jo yno JsyWOUlsUY | \ { f311r — | ogs ° 8 $L QI 66 —| +6 ° + 6a 6L 61 ry =) 16d fe} PUN gl re jol —| €09 fo} 8 69 os 9g = — | 109 ° + 0g be |S —) €6S ° UOON oL 61 j|99 —]} Ses le MNN 8 SL oe |g9 — | GS ° ¥ ge 1L os jbo —| LSS gil asa WI tg ee |6Q9 — | 6 +S ae: 8 1g ea ob — | ere ° + Ig re [rb —| ge ° uoON 6L gr | Oe —| es ° 8 1g Se | oh =) ees fo) + Le 09 Li i fg —| o€$ or q IPT ES Le Pgs =] Ores Sr ass 8 to 61 ,€¢ —)| CES oe ASA + to oe of —! L-€S oe aSa uooN tg to |€&qo —| EvS ° 8 938 re |gl —!] Ls ° + fore) zs) BSE 169 —]| SS fo) “PUA €9 Se j;oS — | os ° 8 og bo | OS — | SS Ol MSM + og be | ES — |] oS er MSM uoON 1g Se joS —] ges ° 8 ol Ge Lhe Sy Les ga M + Se 1g | 9s |OP —)| oF ° PUN tg ge 1gr —] LS fe} 8 98 Le ibe —|] gs Ez M b tg Le |Sb —] gS¢ ° uooN 6L te joS —; Lge fo) 8 gl be (| Fo —}| bof Le MS + to €L oe | tS —j| to fo) PUN 89 Vs PS —); GLS fo) 8 0g Be | Lo — | foletS ° + LL Es igf —) Fog ° uooN +L Is itg —| Esq ° 8 ol Or oL —| o'fg fo} v so SL 61 GL —| S89 ° PU tL gr rg — | €&99 ° 8 1g ze |€L —); E99 ° + 1g Se |gqo —: gg Lr N uo0ON So | gi |g9 —| & £9 gr MNM 8 6S g1 |olL —| 1'tg Sr IN + S to | or |hL —| go QI aN PUL "09 Or Lio —! #€9 ° 8 6s gil vg — |} Leg ws as + €9 or gf —| weg °- uooN, 6¢ gr rh —! g19 Se aS 8 [2ND ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 378 | ° g61 —| E89 ° 8 | ° gos — | a'99 ° + 9 °o bos —| 9 Sg ° “PUA ! ° 61 —| aSg fe} 8 fey ogi —| 6E9 ° b ° br —] 1'sg o- uooN f fo} ogr —| S:09 ° 8 | ° ogr —|] 6S ° F ° pli — | o6S ol MSS e |S St | I Lot —| Legs ° 8 | erg ar 6tr—! oS | go ASS ia | ID |e ger —j; ges fo) uooN : | 19 | 8 oS —| 99S 19 MSS 8 | ° elr—| $-6s ° eee: ‘ fo) ggI—| S09 fe) “PUA i ! fe) L-g1 —]| 119 ° 8 | S19 |£ sgt —| 919 ° + af | ° 191 — | ozo ° uooN ISD oF fs -— | S€9 Sz a g (fe : ° Eas —| SEQ ° “IPUAL ° ogi —| S19 os of 8 2 oor —| gst Orr aSS a : ook aN | ol Srp) 5S fo) uooN moe qN |701 oSr —]}] LS ° 8 ox an | ot sor —| 19S / 0 ¥ G fo) 6-g1 —| Ses fo) “IPUAL iS | =e +61 — | €6S fo) 8 1S | I-o Pgr — | L-6S ° t fo} Chr — |} 66S fo) uooN ° rgt —| g6e ° 8 ° for — | grog ° + r “pp I9 | 9 Esr —] go9 ° PUN S10 |,6 6'Ir —] 9°09 ° 8 ISTO |B gat — | o'09 ° ? 1 |, sor —| Sgb fe) uooNn o xk qN | O1 rg —| LLs ° 8 62K aN | of €8 re |LL —| a9 ° - of ys | o1 gor —| gos ° PUAL 1S | o1 Csr — |} goS ° 8 IS |e Lér1—| owls fo) r |. — or ort —| oLSL fo) plofyouaryy woon | 62 *3daG ’ ani ccd | wu iS wu = jo‘d‘w} = aniy FINS | aqeis uolpeld WAT wy M N “oy keg oe IoaywaM md sunqy | “sua, | any yo | 4271-82S PA | WOHSIITT ‘dwoy, —] yey] dea | cdway | 9 4S “SuoT a8 | ‘H 66g1 vdG IO [JIMS spno[g “ssolg pula “SNOILVWAYUSSEO-VAS 379 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898— 1902. No. 4.] SO ISD SVD ISD 1S 4S 4S 66 4 ° minomodod OO H nnn ° ° aood ° om ° COKDFTCOODODFDODOFDOOOOO+OONMOCODOOOCOFCOOOO OOO OOOAMHO000000 6 HOOOOO OF OHHH OO0O0000000N fe} ° OHOOO0ND $x €1 oI LE ol [2ND ARC, EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 380 fe e €Se—) 169 ° + wD | Qf | eSs — |} Lgo ° uooN ° toe —| L-gg ° 8 ° | gtz— | S99 ° ¥ IZ ° gta — | LiLo ° PUA ° | Zts —| glo ° 8 iS € gas — | Slo ° + IS | 1 giz —| o'99 ° uooNn an or | oo — | SQ ° - 8 fo} | oSs —| atg ° + os ° ogo —!| SEQ ° “PUA ° gzs—) af ° 8 ° bes—, Gag ° b ISD | gt ese — | 60g ° uoON 1S fi ozs — | 66S fe) 8 ° Sss — | gg ° F | 64 ° 961 —| 19S fo) “PUN ack ING £ CLrI—) GL¢ fo) 8 aor aN or got -— | SLs ° ¢ ox an OL Sgr | whe ° uOON oX an OL glri—| Ls ° 8 | 9 £61 — | ogS ° + gi 1D} of oroz — | gg ° PUA ISD | oF Soe — | g'09 ° 8 IS | of 961 — |; S19 ° b ISI | oF Legr— |; a'I9 ° uooN Ss € bor — | S19 ° 8 fo) Poe — | 1% fo) t Li ° ose = | g'6f fo) PUL fo) gos —_ +6 ° 8 ISTO | 8 gli — | -6-L¢ ° + IS} 47 gr — | Lo fo) uooN S| ,er s SLr — | gf ° 8 fo) For ~ |) Ses ° t QL ic e grr—| Ses ° PUN S|] oO! tor — | gS ° 8 qN or glr—| ec fo) ¢ aN or | ogr— | és ° uoON an ol ;glr — | ots ° 6 qn or 961 —} a9Sl ° plofjauary F Sr po | | ond, : sage FMS | ayeig wonna.q = wsog | wy | ar ae | el peas Meee MA N 37 Avg a rayyeayy | HC uinzy | “sua, | ary yo | Ae Teg} [PA | tonpend ‘duo y, : ‘pu | dea (cduway | WD 4S “SuoT 38g ‘H 66g BIG 10 [JAMS spno[9 "ssa.lg pura, “SNOILVAUSSE0-V4AS 381 1898— 1902. No. 4. SEA-OBSERVATIONS. oX S IS IST ISD ISD qN aN IS IS oo0000000 00 M uooN 8 t “PUA 8 + uO0ON 8 + PHA | 8 beted rena METEOROLOGY. 382 |2ND ARG. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. o* QN | OF GO ‘Se a a o'O= Gs MaMNn Bod oe ae ox qN | ,01 ool Sr | so, o9S 99 MaMN £6 | gh ob £ Ql qN | o1 6g | sr | fo bess eS | MqMN PIN qn | o1 go | Sb | ro — | oss gr | MaqMN 8 ox qN | of +6 Sy [Sto 6S ol MUMN t ng74S Or +6 Er j; roe — Bree S-9 MaMN uooN er — ox qn | or +6 Er | 10 bas Ls NaM 8 ook aN Or Lg rr | be ers oe) MaMN €6 | 6b ob # Sr aI qN or +6 Sr |ao— L-oS 99 MaMN “PIN ea fe = O1 oor | Fr |€o— | FoS Ff al MqMN 8 eee = nj7S | or oot | Lit | Fo 06h a8 Man + aS = nj1S | 6 96 | gh go o'er es MQNn uOoON i x an | Ss +6 Sb [so | gt So | AGN | 8 ates qNNND-1S) of 06 6€ | go— 16r os Man €6 | o§ ob | an De ed oo ALS) qN } 01 Lg | rb | Fo rer oF | MqaMN of IPN 6:0 — ie) ek QN | ot oot | gb | oo L-6r er MqMN of 8 Pb = ol go Sr | ro 66> 19 MNM of F bo — oy = Or ool | gt | oo E-0S ok MNM of uooN fo= ng-31S O1 06 or |So SoS 6 MqN €6 | of 8 oO aN 6 +6 Pr 10 €-0$ LS ANN | oF o$ + €1 oor an | or | 96 | 9% |S G12. | gr AANN | 0% of “PUN ae ied = qN | oy a6 rr |S-o Fad Lr Man | 9 of 8 fr — =, * © an | o1 oot | gt |go 9g ° o 26 | of + 1 — 6c= Vo KO qn | ox g6 | gt | go obs ° oF of uooNn BY s =x,0 sO% +6 gt | 60 ES ° ra oS 8 fr — . 8 aN | “or 36 Fr |oo— | gts ° of 16 | Lt + | er rr— aN | ‘or 6g gr jas gobs BL NqM | Of 06 | of “IPUN or — aS) aN or col | gh joo 19S 9S Sqas | of Li 8 So — 9 nj 4S or 16 gr |g go zy MSM | Of 6g | L + Fo nj3is | 6 tg Ly le gos Le MS | 82 L uoon 10 n91S | 6 €L ge (6x SL¢ ls MS | 8% L 8 so — s n9z315 | 26 Sg Bee Sea orgs &-€ as ' 96 L lg Ir co — . ase og z6 oh | 60 gLs fo) gz 06 | L “PIAL 3 hr é ng-3S + 96 Sr | to E-gS ° is 6g |] L 8 foxe) Ss t 16 Or | fs oes OF MSS | 81.88) £ + rome) 1S I 1g gr |ortr 99S fo) Si ie |b uOON Eo > o1 ool | Lib | ao tgs os MNN | 8 98) 4 8 6:0 z iS I 06 Er | So 99S Le NGMN | © Sgj b t or fo WD los 6g By bor Bgs G+ MSM | + It PUN o'r wD oF 06 Se hor age fo) + Li 8 ; Bo 1 ISD | Ge 16 pe | ba $gSl L-o aqas |,r rg | ,€e,04 + 6 -‘Sny , oni | ed wWIUL + wu “s‘d'w) onay, FINS | azeys wooo UL10 7 wy M N 4, \ seq re Jayyea AA “AL ‘ung ‘suey | any go | 4°T-%25 PA | BONSeIIG ‘ ! ‘dway ‘py | ‘dea | duay | WOIS TO “suOT “VT H 0061 BIG JO [JAMS spno[a | *ssoIg pul, “SNOILVAYSSEO-VAS ‘dor Jayovys apy ecu te 6p, — “SsulMmaios ayy ecw dir ,, — ‘wed ri ‘yyb]e oy} 0} pasopue paureursr pu ‘901 asojo pue So} jo yunodoe uo paddojs ‘wi -d S19 ,, — ‘aot Aq pasopd sem yey GeuS snyty yo ‘wu ‘d of6 4, — “youd oy} ut Suijeoq ‘sfeAroyur ye Buror) ‘youd Surme.os oy} JO JuNoDDe uo paddoyg , — “YOM 0} padUsMIMOSDyY g — ‘9OY BO} paioom ‘ule E -@ wows, ‘yjiou pue ysvo Suroryy g — ‘aspa-901 oY} 0} p210oW “Mm ‘ev Of'sI g — ~@ ‘wd ir , — “Yo sajnu + ynoqe yUay YWON - — “N 0} YURqSoy , — ‘aor ayy ul Sutory in “dat pue uoou Us2eMjeq ANOGIey AIJUIM 9Y} YoT ‘“Uoolds-1loJBWOWI9Yy} 9Y} JO JNO UdyYR} WOM S}JUDUINI}SUL 94} UOOU pUue ‘Ul ‘Be IT uvsMj}oIq | 383 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898 — 1902. No. 4.] =n | fo} 00 MRKK RK ° IIL Il S aN qN aN QN-RD nS aN qN qN qN qdIS nNd4S qN qN IS VISIO n9-4S aS 1S 9734S ny 4S ny 3S ng 3S ug3sS n9-4S qN nas 6 ngs aS qN aN aN aN qN aN aN 1S 1S qN aN ors 6 OL or or ANOWMDDAOADDDADA NNO HOR IL 36 +6 88 oor o'o I'o I'o Fr os gf SEQ 6 L- Ct cooo0ooOnMOOHOOHH tH o000 000848 Go: 0 cr) aas MN MaIMN NqMN MaMN MIMN Sai MIMN MaMN aqan Nqa SqaMS MaMN MAN MaMN MaMN MqA\N of 16 Ke] ise) ob 36 00000000 £6 €6 £6 er + et uooN eb 8 eb + €s er PIN EP 8 er F er uooN er 8 SF + betas er PUA tad 8 er + eb uOoON et 8 eb + 1G et “IPI eb 8 eb + Eb uooN Er 8 th t os oe PIN | St 8 a $ St uooN Sb 8 Sb ol te 61 PUN 8 + uoOoN 8 of oL F gr PUN 8 $ UOON 8 Lt ol + Li IP UAL 8 + UCON XP. FRAM wy METEOROLOGY. [2ND ARG. 1 H. MOHN. vas hs byes Lg ve & were] Oe Ss MN comnt ’ 3 n9-35 | Be) Lg re |e rgS os MN uoOoN n93S | or 1 as cic z9 Man 8 njis | or | 06 | SE (Te —] go CL AGN 26 | Sb ol + | o& ete iS | oI gr —| €-9S 6s INGIOINE “PUA IS Cy. 26 88 LE jer —| SoS vs AqaNn 8 qN 6 98 Oo Neer es | FES Sz Nqan r ox qN: 6 96 br |coo —| gS ° uoON i= » £0 an | or j og | Le ler —| ego | +f | mams 8 oX OL gr —| Lgs ol MqMs 26 | Sb ob $ 6a n9-34S or 88 L€ |r —| gels ° PTA iS OL 96 e+ Eo —]} ols fo} 8 nj3S | 6 oor gr |oo or9S oF MSM t nQ3S | o1 +6 c+ | Fo oss ae SqMS uooN IS or-6 | Sg LE |go —|] SEs ge SqM 8 t= aN |’ 6 fers) SE jor —] ofS ° 36 | Sb of + gz nd-1S |g Lg ré |tE —] 61S or Naan | © SP PIN ¢ nZ75 | ¢ zg PE. [Eire | prs ° ° Sr 8 SF €g GE | Fo zoS fe) ° Sr + n93S | °g 1g oF | arr sgt QI aqs | ° Sr uOON aor nj-1S OL ZO Cr |60 SLP or Naa | © cP 8 qn or Sg we | Ser aLy FE aAqAS | © 36 | Sh + le a iy m7S | or | 26 | eF |10 oly | S9 as | 0° 16 | St IDI ng-3s 8 68 Ib | eo oLt bP G [SS ob 8 ng4S 6 €g oF | Lo Sot Lee: s | of ge + n94S 6 €g ob | br aSh ol Ss | of +E uooN ok 8 or zg or | Sr rch tome) ass | oF ze 8 ee Ax aN or z6 er 1S-0 6-9F Se AANN | of of + | oe rok 8 oI 06 Cr lor gioS as Sqa | oF of “IPUN oe aN OI gé bP (| go =| Pre ° er se 8 ok aN | ot Sg ze |go —| gLls ° cr €€ + 1934S L gL ge re =) 866 Ze MN | LP FE uOON IS OI 68 oe |e€ —] og fe} of ce. 8 ‘ ay er 6 Lg ee Le —| Gog ° ia LE + ce z iS 6 ga —, B09 os MSM | FE ge PUN Z6 ge 1'e — | o'09 gr N | 9& ob 8 — OL 06 ge jar —) +6¢ ° gS 06 | at + ug4s 6 ee —| ges ws MSs er 8 = or bo —| a19 ue MAN | OL Eb + te US. eS or gr —| oz be Ne eb PU = or 26 FE |ge —| gzol ° 0% ,16 | EF ob 8 Es “shy ‘ ani, aed | wu 3) uu = |s‘dsw) oenip FANS | aze3g uonsaig WO y wy M N a seq a TIYIE2 MM “md wingy | suay | ary yo | 4° T 8S PA | uonsang “dura y, PU | ‘dea | -dway | WO 4S ‘SuoT | WeT H 0061 BIS 10 [JAMS spnol9 “ssaig pur, “SNOILVAYSSEO-VAS yes pue yoyeA vas poynys , — ‘THs Suis] pue SuroS Ajayussyy “AS o8 0} ueSoq ‘ur “ev SHE ‘SpieMyyNOs FIOM 0} padusururod ‘urd o€'L — “weg ueSipie ul spreay Mos pur spsearjno Jayjzrey Moy ouo ur quam ‘wd Of-or ; ‘o€'e1 peddoys ‘jsvayjnos sunoy omy “u ae | ISD: | 9 ae | 2 1D | 2 as qN | oF => OL nj31S | 6 qn | L : * qN | of GNE) |, {OF ox qN or i S| 8 = or SVIO| ! 4S € H = LES Zz — qn | of S — or oe = or S — Or on — o = Or me = AS |g OF N IS | or = = oI < = lS (es <3) = qN | of yn => or ' => orl ; = Or : ox qN | OF L qN | 01 qN | of — | — Or + = or a oo? qn or Z qN ; ot aii 1S | UE | ° 3 ISA | of x Sy} of { ox qN | z°! 2 ox OL 2 aN | oT is | o1 iS or IS ol Z| IS oL IS | ,Or Sg Se = aii aS | of tg. ow ‘d or , — ‘201 payoedosopo ur sanoy o\y ul spaea\yno ‘We sg 9 ‘ypjeM Suvul aUuO — ‘urese ddois 03 uoos pasyqo eraM ynq — ‘hem ou a8 am os ‘pousyySq aot ay} nq “qN 08 0} padiy oS LoS SoS SoS ES Ge L-ss oss S-9S orgs 96S 8:09 gr M MaMN NqaMN N MqNn MaN MqN MAN MaMN MNM MaMN NqMN MNA MNM MQN NqaNn Nqan ANG aqn MNM MNM MNM MNM MNN MqaMN MNN MN MQNn Mqn NqaMN- MQn Mn AA aN of 16 of 16 o€ 16 of 16 36 26 z6 26 26 ab ol ob ol zl ol St ol Sr ol Sb oL St oL uOON 8 + “PUA 8 - uoOoN 8 + PUN 8 + uooN, 8 PHN 8 + uoon 8 + IPA 8 $ uOoON 8 + PUN 8 + uooN 8 + PUN 8 + uoON 8 + “FPUANL 8 t uooN 8 + 4PUAL I 1€ dag [QD ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 386 1s or oor gr —| Ls ° or 1S ol ool 6r- —| €Ls fo} 8 nj-1S or L6 Shr —| oLlS ° 9 n9-3$ 6 L6 Sh —]| LoS fo) v qn | of 66 6b —] Eo ° 6 qN | OF 66 €S —] s9S ° o€ 16 | 9F 9L | uooN a 1974S | 68 16 69 —] 198 ° ol — n9719 | of +6 og —| 19S ° 8 9 | o£ c6 gg —| 9SS fo) 9 a! 8 S6 g9 —| sss fo) + ol 96 LG 7) 6:86 ° G GI = oI +6 gs —j| ess ° of 16) bh oL | “IPI > or ool oS —]| ess fe) ol = or ooL oS —| Ss ° 8 = or oor rg —/| 1r&s Sa ING 9 = ol oor eS —| oS os AqNn v qn ol 36 9S —] gS os aAqn SG qn ol gb —| gts eM] AqN of 16 | sb oL uoOoN F qN or gb —| srs ge ci 8 II qN | of Eo —] ges re aANa “PTA 1S 6 6L —| 2S ge ANA 8 — oL oS —j} Ss ee ANA v = ol gr —| ats oM3 NqaN | 0€ 16 | cb gL | uoon => or rb —| Sts 6s MqNn 8 — or oe —] L+S fo) 4 or ox o1 Es —| gS ° PTA aN Or Ge —| 6s ° 8 ax qn or se —| ofS ° P kK? = an or ie gz —| 6S re MaMN | °€ 16 | sh ob | uooy aN Or og —| ess toha MqMNn fod oo qN | of og —|] rss os MSM + | 6 qn oL gl —| gS gs MaMNn “PUA —S o1 bg —| obs gt MaMNn 8 = oO 66 —| rss gt MaMN + = or rg —|] ess Le Mqn | Of 16 | e% of | uooN — o1 €or — | gSS ° 8 IS or Ibi — |] o'gS ° v 8 4S & rér —] 19S ° PUN IS | oP sor —| SoS ° 8 ISVNDD] 8 06 —|] S'9SL ° OF 16 20 ,9L a4 L -ydasg i aoe se eqee sng | apeig eae oniy, faa ieee od | wu e) wu s‘d‘w] oni 4h ‘g a ee oe Joyyeo qd ‘unyzy | ‘sua | any jo |taaq-eag}| “PA woTpettd ‘dua y, Pu | ‘dea | -dury | 419 35 ‘Bu0T | ‘eT H oo61 BIS IO [[2MS spno[9 “ssolg purm “SNOILVAYSSE0-V3S 387 oo KH KHHHKXK fe) SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898— 1902. No. 4.] ‘purls; weyeis) 0} spiemyyiou ‘uw ‘d L , — ‘suns-yoour omy 5 - “9k a or 96 6oL — g'SS Cage) MN | oF of | 1S OL Lh Sg — o'9S 29 MAN | OF 06 | of IS OL 16 ag 6ss os MN | Oo of iS + 26 6g — ols oh MN | 02 ob 1S z g6 cS ee E-9S os MNM | oF cr ISD, € £6 og -- S-9S Fae) MNM | S? oF IS VISIO € £6 ol— gss to M | oS €S ol ngs 6 96 o'9 — oss BL MN | SS 16 | 0 ng-3S | or +6 rb — Shs Lv MN | oO 26] L ng3S | ,o1 z6 Sh — gies Le MANN GI ngs 9 tg os — ees ge MNN Ir ng34s 8 ize) rs 61S Sb SqaMs 8 SID 8 Sg or — 6°6F oL Sqm S qn | °or £6 Sr — glr og Sqa z6 ja LL qN or €g or — bor gs Sqa gs qn ol +6 or — oSt rg Sqa +S ING or €6 rie L-€b o'9 MAGN 1g qn or ool er — rab 6S Man 36 | gt qN oL Sg or — gor gre Mqn gr qn or L6 br — L6e or AN 6b qn OL +6 bre C-6E I'g J | C€ 16 | of oL qn oI 96 gs — Sob bee SqMS qn or ool rb— 6b Le qs qN | ;°r vo— | eb gb aqs qN | ,92 oor oe — ad gl AqN qn Or g6 Se — Sob Or AqQn ING or 6g or — Sgt EL AqN | o& 16 | o§ ob qN | 02 1g Sr — | gos og aN qN | ot 1g o1— | ges o'g aN qN | OI 0g vI— | 6+¢ ok aN qN | oF SL os — | SoS gs ANA OI 98 re — rls “oP sqa n919 S: Sg eb — S-LS So Sqa | of 16 | oS ol _4N 6 16 fa— |. pgs ob Sqa “dN or £6 re— ges ° ING OL 96 os — gS of Sq n9j1S or +6 S1— 6S a Sq n91S 6 g6 ve — 96S Sir Sqa IS or L6 ge — 9°6S ° o€ 16 | 6b ob 4S ot €6 Le — L‘6S ° iS or €6 ge — L-6S ° IS | ,012 66 6s — g'6S git ass 1S oL fete) 6a — L-6S oe ASS 4S OL $6 se — fas os ass 1S oI 6 16s giz ASS | 0€ 16 | gh ob iS or +6 ab — 6S Gu as IS Or s6 rb — ges ° IS or oor br — 06S ° ol oor oh — gS ° [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 1S OL zg 6s — oes ay N ‘IPUN 3S 8 &g So — Ges Les N or 1S OL 98 rl — sec Ge N piofjaseesy 8 > 1S or 66 SL — E-+s Le N | oF 6r 9 1S OL ooI bL— abs or N | of ab + ak IS | ,Or og L’g ~ L€S Sir AANN | oF sé uooNn 1S 8 so res gl N | oF Li or anna} €& +g Boe | Cees gre AAN | OF 88 | 02 8 a.) 1S OL 88 el — oSSL o-b MAN | ,O 96 | ,22,9L 9 Li des : oniy, ad uur e) wm fs‘dew) oniy JMS | ayyg | uonoaig wiog | ‘wy M N 1 keq eats TOYyJeI AA “Ud wny | ‘suay | anyyo |‘aaq-vag] “TPA | FoNseag Hite Pu | ‘dea | durazy | 19 4S ‘Bu0T ‘yeT ‘El oo6r BIS IO [[EMS spno[g ‘ssoig pul, ‘SNOILVAYSSEO-V3S 389 SEA-OBSERVATIONS, 1898—1902. No. 4.] @ mdor , aN ng3S | or +g In or €-09 ol AN | 9& of uoon aN nj1S | 6 88 #S ub 1'09 ol N | 9€ of 8 aN 1S | OF 6g oF be L-6S I'l N | 9& gg | Of gL + gc ng1s | 6 16 gr os 6S ° 9f of “IPUA as S| 6 +6 gh br €-6S ° 9€ of 8 aS¥q |‘AN-n9¥ Fn5-15) 6 6g ov ge Bos gil S | 9€ of + as ng-1g | o1-6 0g eS 9S 68S ° 9f of uOON ys | ,Or 16 gb Or 06S ° gf of 8 qN | or £6 Ly or o-gs ° gf gg | of ob + Le 1 9 qN | <6 06 eS rE els o M | 9f of “PAL Zs) qN | ,02 oL iG ss els gb qT! of of 8 2) qN | or : els 39 as | LE 1€ 9 Xs) qN | of gels gt S ; bE Zé uOON aN | o1 19 Ly tL SLs oF ASS | g& €€ 8 98 qN | or og Es es 96S ° gE gg | FE oL + 9a as ISAT VIS | OF gS | &F gl S-09 gt aS | 8& ve “PUA as 1c | 6 IL oF os S19 ae as | g& ve 8 as n9j1S | 9 to ors ol Leg card as | gt FE + ! ASS fgg | & iL rs bo 6'€9 fo) ge SE uooNny ass Hsefisig | + 6L | gh rb 69 ° gt se 8 Nsw» gig | $¢ Lg tS tr &Lo °° gE gg | SE ol H- || Se | hse tsi | 8 Lg | oF os 3°g9 ° gt sé “PUL SR TISID | L og | gb L€ L-g9 ° 8 sé 8 Fse listo | & 98 Ls e's Lg9 ° ge se r i iS] 6 bL os “os I°g9 Ol N | of 9f uooN i M fo 4519 | S tL os ss L-Lo ° ob 9f 8 NM is | 6 tg Ly gc ze Llo ° ob gg | 9€ OL + te aN 1S 8 tg Lb be 099 ° ob 9& “IPT IS ey cg gr [ok] 6S9 ° ob 9f 8 wtp | & 89 as SL fomste) ° oF 9f + 1S Es 19 os ass) I'99 fe} oF 9f uooN IS] OL Lg or Le lo ap S| 1? 9f g iS] 6 16 fol at o'89 o'r N | IF gg | 9€ OL a4 Se éas is | 8 06 | oF Ler "89 gs S| i? 9t “DUN iS | oF o9 | gt og L-g9 oe MS | &? 9& 8 S| 6 09 or tg 6°89 ork. Ss | &b 9f uOON njZ1S | 8 LL Leb or €°69 gS As | eb ap 8 nj71S | 6 69 L+ gs 8°89 br a | sb gg | sb ob + os nj-731s | 6 99 6+ &-9 LLo $9 MSS | ot op PUN nj-1S | 6 gl os Eo glo Fedde) MSS | eb ap 8 iS | o1 6s or ize} oLoL &9 MS |,2> 88 |,1%,9L + re Ajnt ona, cod | wut ce) war |‘sd-wi] = ona, FANS | ayes | uonoosq WLIO] ‘wy M N Vy keq “PS rayyeayy | = . ‘ taaT-vas] “PA | FoHpemg jo wny j ‘suay | myjo |e. : ? ' : ‘duro ‘Ta ‘de ‘dua 19 3S suo] yeT H Zo61 L BIG JO [[aMS spno[9 ba A L *sSoIg pu, ‘SNOILVAYASEO-V3AS [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 390 1S | 2 gL rs Es o'€9 gs ASS | ZF 6z uooN iS} 1 99 Sb Ls Canoe} ae as | cé 6c 8 ANA ng-74S S 6g gr le L:zg fo} Z€ 9g | 6c ol + v a no3s | 6 6g or be Z'SO ol qs | zé 6z “IPT q n9j719¥NIS | 6 Sg rs Le oz fo) 2 6c 8 asa is | gl 6s ol S19 ° Ze 6z ¢ aSa njy3S | OL zs Lv 36 g'09 fe q | Zé 6% uOoON asa ny-1S | 6 ol ES os L‘og fo) Ze 6% 8 ASA nj715 | € og os er 9°09 ° Zz€ gg | 62 oL s € ° sw] € +6 6+ ol S-6S fo} 2e 6a “IPUAL as | o gl vs 6+ L6S ° ee 6a 8 aSa iS | 8 zg es rs b6S ° ze 6c v ANA Eng74S 9 7S 6 og os ab 6°9S ge s | 2é 6c uOON, aN Lis G19 | 6 zg gr re 1°gS ° Ze 62 8 fis tis39 | o1 LE gt er BLS ° Z& gg | 62 ol lie n197S | 8 69 os 9 z9S ° ze 6z “PUA aN nj71S | 6 oL aso gs bo or N | e€ 62 8 AN nj71s | 6 oL rs 99 zoS ol aN | c€ 6% + aN Is | 6 IL as 99 99S ° ce 6c uoON IS | oO1-6 68 gt os L-LS ge ASS | z€ 6a 8 iS | OF 6g or Ga g'gS ° z€ gg | 6c gL + I ‘sny aN ng-19 | 6 zg gr CE +6S ° ob 6z IPA as syVng19 | L $g rs ob L‘6S ° ob 6c 8 ass is | 6 zg os ot 6S tr S | oF gz P WD | F 0g os oy 06S S9 S | oF ig uooNy WD | 9 iL Sb oF 97g &9 Ss | oF Se 8 tp | & 16 os be eas ° ot gg | Sc ob - r€ 1] | Io £6 Ly wr 99S ° ob Se PUN Ss I +9 rs and Ls¢ ° SE ft 8 ° 0g or ob cs 38 N | SE 6z uoonr Sry | 1-0 fg So ge 9'Ss £8 N | SE 6% Sig AN | 'G-rg39%1g | + +9 vs ub +9S Or N | S€ 88 | 6z of b | of His w~ligig | z 88 as SE 69S ° 9f of “IPA a ng3s | & 68 Ly oz L-LS ° 9f of 8 aN Sw] E oL os 6+ 98S or MS | 9f of + ng3S | = gl es 39 96S 61 M | 9& of uooN, OR AN Bg w S4G19 | + 16 6+ f< 0709 fo} gf of 8 nj7319%1IS | § 88 eS SE Z'09 fo) 9& gg | of oL ? 6c aN 1S L 1g es os S09 ° gf of PUN nDZIS WIS | 6 06 bg ge 9°09 or s | 9€ of 8 aN ng3S | o: tg as ay Zool ol AN | ,9&,88 | ,0€ of + gz Ajuf ‘i anil cord | wu 9 wu |s‘d-w) ony FINS | a323g | uonoanq wIO0 J wy M N Per keq i qayyeayy | UT ‘ungy | suay, | any jo |AeT eg) “PA | HoRPeTd , ‘dura yp yey | ‘dea | day | 49 3S “Suo0T yey] ‘H so6l B2S JO [JAMS spno[9 "ssolg pula. ‘“SNOILVAYSSSO-V3AS 391 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898—1902. No. 4.] 08 Sqas as as as as ads as as as as ow ‘piofjauaey, yo, ‘wd € , — ‘psofjouary, ye aoyoue yy z — ‘plofjasees) yoy ‘we cd Srer | qN S aN aN aN aN DV ISTO 4S ngs ng4S Wels) 1971S qN-14 8 IN qN-d nj4S qN qN qN 1S qN-d IST qN 1945 19-15 qN IST IS IS n94S ISVID 94S 8 "ISD M93 9 419 ISO ISD ISD ol or a fo) oo HHH AMAMHODHMNNAD O00 0M ° ) 06 go +6 g6 gs oo ac es has 6s to to tr g09 S19 og Ls E19 erg 9°09 9°09 96S bgs LoS o-9S bsg 3ss 79S LLS gLls L‘LS eb Lo Sqa Sq ANA Nqa Nqa asa Sqa aSS aqs aqs MSS MN Man MN MNM MNN i Z Z2424ZZGZ 4 Zw 9 be gs LS fe) 9 Sr +g +g 88 88 2s er of + gI $L SL gL oL oL oL oL + uooyy 8 ¥ “PUA 8 ¥ uoony 8 + “IPUAL 8 > uoon 8 y IP UAL 8 + uoony ol It or |2ND ARC, EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 392 of” qn or L6 19 gh bLb Ls MaMn | PE 8 8 Sb = qn | o1 36 o9 | OF tot of | MaqMN | oF Se + | €& aid of ING or g6 SQ Sb 1'gF ES aAqs | 2 Zé PUN tal o8 qN | OL L6 axe) or gor gs aqs | 21 oF 8 ey PAS) ING OI g6 Ce) or Le or MS | && 9b P gv pea aN Or oor | a9 br L-oF E+ MaMs | +? €S Lo | uooN ad © qn | o1 oor | 9 Lb oLr €-9 aAqas | SE SF | oz 8 a o8 aN ol L6 z9 gh igh be asq | of Zé + ae ah mS) qn | 01 lg | LS | of 16+ oe Sqaq | ex PS | ob “PTW gh Y Ss oI 88 o9 os L€ Sqa | gt EF | 9f 89 8 Iz _ 06 _ 61 ; uaeypoy gt SL © o ol z6 ok gl glo oF €&S | ar 8 gl nj15 | + 96 | &L ok 3°99 6€ | MqMN | oF PS | Lt e | ir &9 ic iw}, Ss +6 Lo &9 z'99 SE MANN | 092 gE 69 | pI ok . 1S € 16 69 ra z'99 Se cS 8 z9 S| oF 06 ob SL 6°S9 br MNM | of sé + Ls IS PISO to] 06 ol GL z=99 fe} of LS ob uooN or eagas 6 16 Lg 39 #99 Lee NqHN | €S ¢¢ | 91 8 as isxenj-v | o1-6| gé 6-9 €-9 0-99 fc) IG SE + | or a AS) qN | o1 +6 z9 vs 6-S9 ab MS | 9F of | SS IL | apo, G+ Is] 6 96 9 gt ESQ zg G | €€ 7S | 6 8 ov is | 6 +6 6s C+ L:€g 9°6 MSS | Sz gi + oe = qn oI go os be reg 6-9 aSs | SP ge uoON vE nj1S | 8 16 19 bs €-29 38 ale br ok 3 ve IS | oF 16 z9 gS €-z9 rs Sqaq | oz I - | Sr 5 ng-3s | of L6 to as are) as aq | 9€ oI PUN ze 1 isynov] or | 96 | o9 | oF 9&9 se Nqd | oF gf | te 8 Sz ISNND-V 6 L6 9S bE Eto or Mqs | 02 6a b be —S ol 06 aS FE tbo Orb, MSS | LS 6S | of€ uooN iS | ,01 96 Es ts at9 98 ASS | gz og | 1€ 8 gz LS) aN or oor | S'S oo af SL S | oS 6S | bb + FI — or oor |} +S os 629 eg aAqS | St 09 | gh “IPUAL 98 nj3S 6 96 as ws £29 96 MSS | oT gtr 8 nQ-1S 8 +6 gh br I'09 38 Mas | 9? 19 | SS EL 4 ING or gé Lb Lo 99S ob SqaMsS | z€ co | e uoon, AS) aN or go Ly foXfe} oS I'g MSS | 2 €g | L 8 oo? aN or 96 Ly Lo 6:aS TS: Mqs | of Si + €1 ALS) aN OL g6 eS G2 61S Gir J} 9€ bg | cE “IPA © aN ol gé 6S Ls gLlsL Sg asa |,S $9 | SP bb 8 er ‘sny . ani, ocd | wor e) mum =fs*dew) = ana JING | ayeyg | uonoosg WLIO wy nN N 1 seq = Toye M wd ‘un | suay | any yo |AeT as] TPA | BoHPeTG “a ; ‘py | dea | -dmaz | “19 4S “SuOT ‘yey ‘H coor WEL) gag 40 [ems spno[9 "ssa.lg PULA “SNOILVAYSSEO-VAS 393 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898— 1902, No. 4.] ‘ad € 5 — ‘uavypor ye poate ‘me OF , — “MW SpieMo} Soq z +6 ng3S 6 £6 n9j-1S v £6 iS € £6 IS & £6 Eis € 36 nD3S | 8 86 NPIS | 6 a6 TDISBNDIS 19, 6 8'8 NDAs) | & cage) iS 6 Eg o8 qN | of ol XS) ING ol og o8 qN oI SL IS 6 ge ngs 6 o'9 1S + gl Ss ol 89 ISVNDISIS 1D | oF o9 aN o1 eo o® qN oI iS XS) aN or 99 © aN | .°F LL © qN | ot ak S) qN | oF ob 9 qN | o2 EL © qN | oF EL 6”? aN or of aN On wL iS) qN | 9% SL aS) aN Or SL aS) NG or BL, = an OL os AS) aN OI ge © qN | 392 re 1S or S-9 4S or &9 iwngas | 6 gr IS | Or tb iS 6 Lana ng or at IS or Ly x) iS oI gt IS ol gh Ss OI os is OL Sy ngj-16 o1-6 er ng73sS or oF ng-1s or vo rh bo 9 6s oL gs ‘AS-MN $y Wee I pue ypu usamjag ,¢ — ‘uarypoy yey — ‘passed aram sSioqeol snoiawnN “Soy asuap uayo yoyea ay} Surmq I 9°gS a LS o'9S ese ges bos MIMN MaMN MaMN LY LE or LY gr 6+ of$ $s es Ly oS v Ce oF LS Lae 9s oF gs Ls gs 6s 99 19 09 &9 £9 A) £9 99 uooNy 8 v “IPUAL 8 + uooNy 8 + “IPUAL 8 + uooN 8 + “PUA 8 v uooN 8 + PUA 8 + uoOoN 8 + “IPUAL 8 $ Shai 8 + “IPUAL 8 + uooN 8 + PI of'g uooN 8 + PUA uooN 1é of 62 gz Le Se [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM METEOROLOGY. H. MOHN. 394 aoe nj1S , 8 Lo Gq | ori g6r SII | MqMS | &F z€ | oF 8 Gor nj1s | + 39 Eq | For o-gh ger SqM | 62 €€ | ob bo iL 9:0t © qn | oF z6 ge | gor 9'9F EL MaMs | 9 ov PUN gror qn | o1 gl €g | ter og? el MSM | S& PE | oF 8 Gor 0% qn | OL 6g 6g | biz LLY Lg MSM | ?I ov + okt i) qn | oF £6 FO | Sux gLt Lg MGs | 9F SE | oF uooNn 601 © qn | ot | €6 | +6 | Sr | gor rer | MqMs | 21 on 8 Gor © qn | oF £6 9g | Sor zgh Err MGS | SF 9€ | oF + 19 66 08 qn ol 26 og o6 CoS Lei SqaMs | ge “IPN 66 Ms) qn | or | SL | oo | $6 LgS a6 Sqm | LS LE | ge 8 96 nj71S | o1 +L to | 6 e6S L-or Nqm | 62 g€ | g& 4 36 nj34S or ol So 6g L:gS Grr MNM | ? ge uoon COE ng3S oI 1g Lg 98 6°98 gol MNM | Lt 6€ | 9€ 8 86 of qn-n9 | of €6 SL | og b+S L-or NaM | 92 oF | FE os $6 98 qn-n9 or €6 LL Sg Ges OSI NqM | © Zé PUA oS an Ol 26 OL coats} bus QI NqM | of of 8 9°6 qn or 6g ol gl SoS ve Nam | 2€ ré + 2.0L nj31S 6 98 gl 66 o6h as Nam | S€ Zé uooNy 86 ngs or 6g gl z'6 glr xe) M | PS IF | FE 8 z6 is | 8 €&g | ol | €6 69h th MS | 6 +E + | + 98 ING or 16 og +6 E-oh oy MSS | 91 tte) “PTA 88 =3,0 NG Or LL 99 06 Sob Gz NqaNn | 91 bE 8 98 > or 16 SL 98 69h 98 NqaN | 9 +E + 88 => or z6 &g L6 bLP ws MS | 91 ge uoON sg oS ING or Z6 og £6 tot gr S | 92 FE 8 © qn | of Lg gch ori SqMS | LE @ | Sz rig 338 © qn or 16 tL Eg SoS ol MSS | I SI “IPUAL 6 aS) qN | oI s6 | rg | 06 Les £6 MSS | of &F | L 8 +6 ms) qn | oF +g rl | gg 19S 96 MSS | ? o gS | of+ a6 n9j73S or 1g So zg gels 9 SqMS | 1& 1g uooN $6 nj715 | 6 So cS | 6g $65 EL Sams | 9S FP | 1h 8 £6 nj3s | iL 1L gs | &g 36S + 6€ b |e 9°6 ° 6L | to | eg €-09 ° + ge PUL £6 Ss S ol cae) bg og os NqaMN | ¥ gt 8 oor AAAS L to Les 96 L:og sé MANN | 61 get + $6 nj35 | 1 oL 6S | Lg 3°09 L€ MNN | 2&* ge uooNn S6 nj1s | + ub gs zg 9°09 ge MN | SP SP | oF 8 26 Ss OL SL o'9 og g6S 89 NqMN | © Iv + I ‘ydag 6-6 ys | o1 LL to | og +:6S es MAN | 2& ab PUN £6 iS | o1 tL 9 | Sg z6S ge MN | 8? 9F | €F 8 26 iS or ol toe) 9 c6SL LS MN | O1,Lh | SP LS b 1€ ‘Sny sang anit, y cord | wut 9 wu = =fs‘dsw) = aniy a 2321g | uorang Woy wy M N a keq jo Toyyea AM ud unqy | ‘sua, | ary yo |'497-8S PA | WORHSeITG “duro y, yey | dea | ‘duray | “94S ‘suoT | “WT ‘H so61 vag JO [JAMS spno[j “ssolg pury “SNOILVAYSSEO-VAS 395 SEA-OBSERVATIONS. 1898—1902. No. 4.] 6:01 gor gor QL Prr1 61r Rex Orr err Ltrr 61Il o'er gol ger Ser OSI gol oe1 I'€r bor gol gol Per gol a1 o'e1 oeL vor gal oveL gl gor ger gel 6sI gal Ql Qi OZI Ber oor €or Pur 6'1r bor Ter G11 Sit o8 €or Zor Fol QL yada ie boi ear 6:01 $6 Z'ol Sor gol ool Lol Orr O'll or Ser ger €or GIL QL ol E11 gol Lert GIl gol ool Tel G11 gor err Qur oor var QL Crt, rt Pir Lend Ser L‘or €or hoe a OL Grr +6 ‘sIoMoys E ‘UW *e OT ot a 6 or TI oI €1 br Gr QI Lt gi be Se fora Le gz 6% of 1€ oS gI ZI 8 9 Ls Iv 09 uooN, 8 v “IPUAL 8 + uooNn 8 v “IPUAL 8 v uOoON 8 + “PUA 8 ? uooN 8 > “IPUA 8 + ofer 8 + “IPTAL 8 Y uoon, 8 + “PUA 8 + uooN 8 y “IPUAL 8 + WOON 8 ¥ “IPUAL 8 + uoOoN, Gr er Il or [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. 396 ng34S 66 bss age) MNN | 21 @ or uooN L6 ng731S 9 9°38 Es LL NqMN |] or € 9S 6S 8 bor 1934S L Sg L:zS o'or MN | &1 Ss + Lr SOL qn-n9 o1 Lb 12S os MN | gh % 6 PUA ool qn oL OL 6:0S Qr MANN | 12 €r 8 +6 PS) aN or 58 S9 gl o-6h grr MNN | 6S § gt + Lars) Ts) aN Or iL gs &g L-gh S-or NqMN | St 9 Ss uoON orol ng34S 8 LS or 16 o'gh G11 NqMN | 62 9% 8 9°6 AS) qN or zg Lo 98 asp gl Man | 6S L Le ¢ QI ool AS) ING S 0g Lo Lg ohh Ls MAN | Of gz PUA ool nj74S co} €L Sg 96 Osh ee NqM | oS g ge 8 bol ng71S ¢ SL ok S'or O-sbl OL M | ,?1,6 | 82,09 + Si ydas ¥ aniy, od | wu 9 mm = focdsu} = onary JUS | ayeyg | uoyoo11qg wo gy Wy M N 1 seq fe BELAY ‘td ‘ump | suay | ay yo [AT 2S] PA | Bonet eas x ‘ey | dea | -dwayz | 49 3S ‘SuoT ‘yeyY ‘H Zoo1 BIG IO [JAMS spno[a ‘ssolg pul, “SNOILVAYSSEO-VAS 1898— 1902, No. 4] ERRATA. 397 ERRATA. Page 59. The first line ,Part II.“ is to cancel. 64. 1898. Oct. 5. Min. — 10.5. Range. 7.0, read — 10.6 and 7.1. 122 - — 144 - 49 - — 161 - 66. 16. - — 15.7 - 90, - — 158 - 91. 65. 1898. Nov. 2 - — 316. - 61, - — 319 - 64. 26. Max.— 921. - 73, - —20 - 83. 66. 1898. Dec. 14. Min. — 33.8. Max. — 32.3, Range 1.5, read — 34.8, — 322 and 2.6. 97. - — 31.5. Range 4.0, read — 31.7 and 4.2. 9. - —3317 - 34, — 318 - 35. 67. 1899. Jan. 7. - — 422. - 108, - -— 349 - 35, 10. - — 840. - 75, - — B41 - 76. 114. Max.— 265. - 938, - — 257 - 10.0. 17. Min. — 35.0. - 42, - — 859 - 54. 3% - — 405 - 61, - —407 - 63. 9%. - — 39.7. - 14, - —418 - 3.5. Mean. - — 365. - 63, - — 368 - 66. 69. 1899. Mar.13. - — 348. - 58 - — 334 - 69. Mean. - — 34.9. - 70, - — 30 - 74. 70. 1899. Apr. 8 - — 956. - 51, - — 958 - 53. mW - — 949, - 10.9, — 92 - 11.2. Mean. Max. — 17.1, read — 112, 71. 1899. May. 4. Min. — 25.5. Range 10,9, read — 25.7 and 11.1. 6. Max. — 12.7. - 10.3, — 112 - 11.8. Mean. - — 5.2. . 6.5, - — 51 - 6.6. 79, 1899. June.22. Min. — 02. - 27, - -— O7 - 3.2. 73. 1899. July. 5. - 23. - 48, - 06 - 65. "9B. Max. 64. - 5.5, - 74 - 6.6, Mean. Range 4.7, read 4.8. 7h. 1899. Oct. 27. Min. — 25.2. Range 8.0, read — 25.8 and 86. Mean. - — 245. - 85, - — 246 - 86. 75. 1899. Nov.26. - — 343. - 6.6, - — 846 - 6.9. 97, . — 35.4. Max. — 30.8. Range 4.6, read — 39.7, — 30.4 and 5.3. 30. - — 387.8. Range 5.9, read — 37.6 and 6.2. 76. 1899. Dec. 4. - — 852 - 72, — 353 - 7.8. 5 .« — 823. - 60, - — 326 - 63. 8 - — 350 - 1, - — 3853 - 94. 9 - — 892 - 45, - — 825 - 48. 10. - — 35.0. - 78, - — 3898 - 84. 398 H. MOHN. METEOROLOGY. [2ND ARC. EXP. FRAM Page 76. 1899. Dec. 18. Min. — 98.4. Range 4.6, read — 28.7 and 4.9. 17. - «=~ 860. - 110, - — 863 - 11.3, 19. - — 39.7. - 75, - — 400 - 78. Qi. 6 - — 40.7 - 110, - — 41.0 - 11.8. 2 - — 403. - 73, - — 406 - 7.6. m4 - — 198 - 59 - —201 - 62. 98. - — 126 - 111, - — 129 - 114 29. - — 150. - 66 - — 153 - 69. 30. - — 205. - 105, - — 208 - 108. 31. - —295. - 75, - — 2298 - 78, Mean. - — 32.7. - 95, - — 828 - 96. 77. 1900. Jan. 4 - — 272 - 96, - —275 - 99. 5. 0 - 6 — BAD - 0 96, BD - ODD. 7 + — 87.0. - 100, - -- 873 - 103. 8 - — 380. - 1238, - — 3838 - 126. 10. - — 3868 - 107, - — 3871 - 11.0. 11. - — 857 - 80, - — 860 - 83. 12, - — 898. - 104, - — 401 - 10.7, 13. - — 400. - 104, - — 403 - 10.7. 14 - —-M#46 - 72, - —419 - 7.5. 145. - — 425. - 106, - — 428 - 109. 16. - — 480. - 65, - -— 483 - 68. 20. - — 462 - 62, - — 465 - 6.5. 92, - — 43.0. - 40, - — 4838 - 43. 93. - — 420. - 48, - — 493 .- 5.4. % - — 484. - 46 - — 484 - 49. 2%. - — 498 + 59, - — 483 - 64, 27, - — 350. - 65, - — 3538 - 6.8. 9 - — 342 - 55, - — 345 - 58, 380. - — 824 - 24, - — 3827 - 97. 31. - — 39.9. - 94, - — 402 - 9.7. Mean. - — 38.1. - 7.0, - — 888 - ROR 78. 1900. Feb. 1. + — 89.0. - 141, - — 898 - 144. 4 —- 72 - 34, - -— 75 - 3.7 7 — 92.7 19.2, - — 23.0 19.5 8. -—- 78 - 70, - — 75 - 79 10 — 144 12.1, - — 114 12.4. 12 - — 93.5, - 8.5, + — 28 - 8.8 18. - —927. - 62, - — 230 6.5 14. - — 929 - 64, - — 332 - 6.7 15 — 305. - 1388, - — 3808 - 141 16. - — 865. - 60, - — 368 - 68 17. - — 86.0 - 86 - — 868 - 39 18. - — 3860. - 70, - — 3862 - 72, 20. - — 820. - 140, - — 8238 - 143. MW. - — 822% - 62, - ~— 3825 - 65. 93. - — 875. - 145, - — 3878 - 148. 3% - —411. - 88 - —-M4 - 91. Mean. - — 26.2. Max. — 16.7. Range 9.5, read — 27.8, — 17.3 and 10.0, 79. 1900. Mar. 1 — 314. Range 6.0, read — 31.7 and 6.3. 2 - — 880. - 69, - ~ 8838 - 72. ar. a fa es) a Ae 7% - — 2014. - 78 - —24 - 84. 8& + —%67 - 139, - —9270 - 142, 1898—1902, No. 4] ERRATA. 399 Page 79. 1900. Mar. 9. Min. — 10. 11. al. Mean. 80. 1900. Apr. 1. SHAD ME ww 26. Mean. 97.2, Range 9.8, 37.0. — 39.2. — 40.0. 38.3. 19,2. 24.9. 26.0. 24.5, 29.0. — 82.2. 28.5. 28.0. 30.5. — 98.5. — 32.8. — 314. — 37.0. — 38.5. 36.2. — 99.1. 34.8, — 36.3. 27.5. . — 16.5, — 24.2, — 98.8. 24.8, — 29.3. — 30.9. — 17.2. — 26.7. — 29.4. — 95.5. — 15.6. — 23.6. — 26.6. Max 6.8, 8.0, 13.6, — 160 R read — 27.5 and 10.1. 7.1. ange 37.3 39.5 40.1 38.6 19.5 95.2 26.3 24.8 23.9 13.9 10.6, read — 26.8, — 15.9 922, 5th line from the top, frequence, read frequency. Printed may 1907. and 10.8.