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Sete = =o aes BEAD Ning rf Bie Be v CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY LABORATORY OF ORNITHOLOGY LIBRARY Gift of Anand Drsghs WSN NI CGALNIYd aqYuOlAvD and alvd Cornell University The original of this book ts in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022522845 KUNGL. SVENSKA VETENSKAPSAKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. Band 56. Nio 2. ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS Of THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM 1911—1912 & 1914—1915 IV. BIRDS II BY NILS GYLDENSTOLPE WITH ONE MAP, FOUR PLATES AND FIVE FIGURES IN THE TEXT COMMUNICATED FEBRUARY 23D 1916 BY HJ. THEEL AND E. LONNBERG STOCKHOLM ALMQVIST & WIKSELLS BOKTRYCKERI-A.-B. 1916 he following account of the Birds of Siam is based upon collections made during a journey in the interior of Siam from January 1914 to April 1915. As is apparent from the list of the literature which has until now been published concerning this subject, very little has been done up to the present time, and no exhaustive account of the Bird Fauna of Siam has as yet appeared. Therefore I hope that the following treatise may be of value. Curiously enough Siam appears to have been almost neglected, and very few naturalists have visited the country, which, however, is very interesting, not only because of its geographical position but for its abundance of different forms. The neighbouring countries, in the first rank British Burma and Tenasserim, are fairly well known, though several interesting discoveries may still be done there, espe- cially in the vast jungles and among the wild mountains of the Southern Shan States. An excellent narrative of the Birds of Tenasserim has been published by Hume and Davison in the Stray Feathers vol. VI. 1878, and the Birds of Burma and Karennee have been dealt with by OaTzEs in his excellent work A Handbook to the Birds of British Burma, including those found in the adjoining state of Karennee. Then we have BLAn- FORD’s and Oatss’, Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma which still is the standard work on Indian Ornithology. But all these accounts are fairly old and recent collections have added a considerable number of species to those which were already known to in- habit this part of the world. Another country which has been somewhat neglected is the great Chinese Province of Yunnan. Very few recent collections have reached Europe from there, the most re- cent paper being that which has been published by CoLLInGwoop InGRaAm in Novitates Zoologice vol. 19, 1912, p. 269—310. To the East Siam is bordered by the French Indo China, which countries are among the least known in the world. This is especially the case with the interior of Annam which up to the present time is almost unknown and would make a fine field for a keen traveller. The Malay Peninsula, however, is mainly thanks to the energy of Mrss. RoBINSON and Ktoss of the Federated Malay States Museums to be considered as one of the best known parts of the Far East. In February 1913 the Natural History Society of Siam was founded by some in- terested members of the European community at Bangkok. The President of this So- ciety Mr. W. J. F. Witiramson has lately made great contributions to the knowledge of the Bird Fauna of Siam, published in the Society’s Periodical (Journal of the Natural 4 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. History Society of Siam, the first part of which was issued in February 1914). It is to be hoped that both Mr. W1Ltramson and other workers on ornithology will still continue their work and that valuable collections will be brought together so that we soon may be able to state that Siam as well is one of the best known countries in the East in this respect. 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22, List of works on Ornithology relating to Siam. List of Birds collected in Siam by Sir R. H. Schomburgk. By J. O. Gounp (Proceedings of the Zoological Society. London 1859 p. 151). Quoted as Govnp. Cursory Notes on some of the Birds of Siam. By R. H. Scuompurck (The Ibis 1864 p. 246—268). Quoted as ScHompurcK. Die Ornis der Insel Salanga von Auc. Mtuuer. (Journal fir Ornithologie 1882 p. 353—448). Quoted as Mixuzr. A. Handbook to the Birds of British Burma, including those found in the adjoining state of Karennee. By E. W. Oarzs. 2 vols. London 1883. Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma. Birds. By E. W. Oares and W. T. Buanrorp. 4 vols. London 1889—1898. On the Birds collected by the »Skeat Expedition» to the Malay Peninsula 1899—1900. By L. J. Bonnore. (Proceedings of the Zoological Society. London 1901. Vol. I. N:o 5, p. 57—81.) Quoted as Bonuote. Report on the Birds collected by Mr. H. C. Robinson & Mr. N. Annandale in the Siamese Malay States and Perak. By W. R. Ocitvie Grant (Fasciculy Malayensis. Part III. 1906 p. 63—123.) Quoted as Grant. Ueber eine Vogelsammlung aus Ostasien von O. FinscH und P. Conrap. (Verhandlungen der K. K. Zoolo- gisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 1873 p. 341—360.) Quoted as Finscu & Conran. Ueber eine Vogelsammlung aus Siam und Borneo von Dr. C. Parrot. (Verhandlungen Ornith. Gesellschaft in Bayern VIII. 1907 (1908) p. 97—139.) Quoted as Parrot. Les Oiseaux du Cambodge, du Laos, de l’Annam et du Tonkin. Par M. E. Oustauer (Nouvelles Archives du Museum. Paris. Part I. 1899 p. 221—296. Part Il. 1903 p. 1—94.) Quoted as OusTaLET. The Birds of a Bangkok Garden. By S. S. Frowsr. (The Ibis. 1898 p. 319—327.) Quoated as FLower. On Birds from the Northern Portion of the Malay Peninsula including the Islands of Langkawi and Teratau. By H. C. Rosson & C. Bonen Kross. (The Ibis 1910 p. 659—675 & 1911 p. 10—80.) Quoated as Rogiwson & Koss. Birds collected by the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Siam 1911—1912. By N. Gyupenstoups. (Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Bd. 50. N:o 8. 1913 p. 1—76.) Quoated as GyYLDENSTOLPE I. Birds from Upper Siam collected by Mr. E. Eisenhofer. By N. GyipeystotPe (Jahrbuch des Provinzial Museum in Hannover ) Quoated as GyYLDENSTOLPE II. A. Preliminary list of the Birds of Bangkok. By W. J. F. Williamson. (Journ. Siam Nat. Hist. Society Vol I. N:o 1. 1914 p. 41—48.) Quoated as Wituiamson I. Corrections and Additions to preliminary list of Bangkok Birds. By W. J. F. Witutamson. (Journal Siam Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. I. N:o 3. 1915 p. 196—199.) Notes on the Flora and Fauna of Ratburi and Petschaburi Districts. By K. G. Gatrpyer. (Journal Siam Nat. Hist. Society. Part I. Vol I. N:o 1. 1914 p. 27—40. Part II. tom. cit. Vol I. N:o 3. 1915 p. 181—156.) Quoated as GaIRDNER. List of the Commoner Birds found in Siam 1912. By K. G. Garrpner. (Journal Siam Society. Vol IX part I.) The Birds of Bangkok. By W. J. F. Wiu1amson. (Journal Siam Nat. Hist. Soc. Part I. Vol I. N:o 2 p. 71—92. Part Il, tom. cit. Vol I. N:o 3 p. 200—210.) To be continued. Quoated as Wit.iamson II. A short list of Birds from the Raheng District. By C. S. Barron. (Journ. Siam Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol I. N:o 2. 1914 p. 105—109.) Quoated as Barton. List of Birds collected by Mr. E. Eisenhofer in Northern Siam. By N. Gyzpensroupz. (Journal Siam Nat. Hist. Soc. Part I. Vol I. N:o 3. 1915 p. 163—172. Part II, tom. cit. Vol I. N:o 4. 1915 p. 229—236.) Quoated as Gyipenstotps II. On a Collection of Birds from the Siamese Province of Bandon, N. E. Malay Peninsula. By H. C. Ro- Binson (Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums. Vol V. N:o 3. 1915 p. 83—110.) Quoated as Rosinson I. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:o 2. 5 23. The Zoology of Koh Samui and Koh Pennan. III Birds. By H. C. Ropiwson. (Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums Vol V. N:o 38. 1915 p. 139—152.) Quoated as Rosinson II. 24. On Birds collected by Mr. C. Boden Kloss. F. R. G. S. M. B. O. U., on the Coast and Islands of South- eastern Siam. By H. C, Roginson with Field-notes by the Collector. (The Ibis 1915 p. 718—761.) Quoated as Rosinson III. In January 1914 I started on my second journey to Siam in order to collect various kinds of Natural History specimens for the Royal Natural History Museum of Stockholm. At the middle of February 1914 I arrived at Bangkok after a nice journey on the »Kleist», a steamer of the North German Lloyd. In Bangkok I stopped for some weeks and then on the 10th of March I left for the north of Siam where I intended to spend a considerable time. After about two days railway journey I arrived at Pak Tha, a small village situated on about Lat. N. 18°. Fig. 1. Danse bamboo-jungle at the neighbourhood of Pak Koh. Pak Tha was then the terminus of the Northern Railway which is being built up to Chieng Mai, the most important town in the North of Siam and formerly the capital of the Laos country. At Pak Tha I only stopped for a few days and had some collecting in the neighbourhood. The forests here chiefly consisted of dry mixed forests, the fauna of which was about the same as that one at Den Chai, a place situated further south and where I spent some weeks during my former journey 1911—1912. I left Pak Tha on the 13th of March with a construction train which could take me as far as to the neighbourhood of Pak Koh which then was the centre of the railway building on this part of the line and the residence of a Divisional Engineer. At Pak Koh I stopped for more than one month and several interesting and rare species were collected in the surrounding jungles, the natural conditions of which were very variable. The mixed dry forests are, however, the most predominant in the low-lying country and on the lower hills. In the valleys and along the numerous small creeks evergreen jungles occur though sometimes mixed with bamboos. 6 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAI EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. On the 16th of April I left Pak Koh for Koon Tan, a small place situated among the mountains locally known as Loi Koon Tan. A great tunnel is here being made for the railway and the Divisional Engineer Mr. Emin E1s—EnHoFER who was in charge of the building had kindly invited me to spend some time as his guest. Mr. EISENHOFER is a keen naturalist and during his stay in Northern Siam he has brought together large collections, chiefly consisting of birds. These collections have turned out to be very valuable, and some reports about them have been published in various periodicals by the present author. The journey from Pak Koh to Koon Tan was made in about 5 days. The first days march was fairly long and I arrived at Meh Chang, a small village, late in the afternoon on the 16th of April. The whole days march went merely through dry forests with only a scanty vegetation and the bird-life was very scarce. At Meh Chang I had to stop one day to change carriers, and I then made some collecting in the neighbourhood. From Meh Chang I had one days march to Nakorn Lampang, a fairly large town of Northern Siam. I took my headquarter just outside the town near a small village called Sop Tue situated on the right bank of the Meh Wang river, which I had to cross. From Sop Tue I had another 46 km. to Koon Tan which I did in one day. Mr. E1srn- HOFER’s bungalow is situated on the top of a high hill and from the veranda there was a magnificent view of the surrounding country. To the north is spread the fertile Meh Tha valley which is bordered to the north by the high mountains which bound the large Chi- eng Mai plain. To the south, west and east Koon Tan is surrounded by wild mountain chains, the highest peaks of which are about 1500 m. The lower slopes of these moun- tains are covered with oak- and bamboo-forests, but the higher parts are clad with mixed pine- and oakforests. Sometimes these pines grow to considerable dimensions as is to be seen by the photo, which was taken on one of the Koon Tan hills. In the narrow valleys and in the numerous »hues» (= mountain creek) impenetrable evergreen jungles occur. The animal life was very rich and numbers of interesting and very little known species of birds were obtained at this locality. When having Koon Tan as my real headquarter I also made excursions to Bang Hue Pong, a small hamlet situated on the southern side of the Koon Tan pass. The sur- roundings of that place as well had a very interesting fauna which in several ways differed from that of Koon Tan. Another place which J also visited at several occasions was Chum Poo. That was the name of a village situated at the Meh Tha river. As the neighbourhood chiefly con- sisted of open rice-fields and dry forests, the fauna was neither very rich nor very inter- esting. At Koon Tan I stopped to the middle of June when I went up to Chieng Mai via Lampoon. The distance between Koon Tan and Chieng Mai is about 70 km. This journey may, however, easily be done in one day as the roads are quite good and between Chieng- Mai and Lampoon there is a broad military road where a motorbus is running. During the rainy season, however, even this road is very bad and then the motor traffic is often closed. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. i At Chieng Mai I arranged for my long trip to the most northern parts of Siam and here a Haw caravan was engaged. The caravan consisted of 20 horses and mules which together with 5 carriers was enough to carry my luggage. As already mentioned transports are very difficult during the rainy season and travelling is sometimes almost impossible owing to the miserable state of the roads to- gether with the difficulties of crossing the numerous rivers and creeks which are swollen by the heavy rains. In tropical countries as a rule very little collecting has been done during the wet season, and it therefore was my special plan to make a long journey that time of the year in order to make collections of higher vertebrates. On the 21st of June everything was ready, and I was able to leave Chieng Mai for the North. I then went in an almost northern direction with the intention of marching Fig. 2. Bamboo-jungle near Doi Par Sakeng. up to Dot Par Sakeng, a small place situated some distance south of Muang Fang which is a small and unimportant town in Northwestern Siam near the boundary to Karennee. After about a weeks hard travelling I arrived at Doi Par Sakeng where I intended to take my headquarter for some time. During my journey I had met with several adventures when crossing the numerous rivers, of which the Meh Teng was the largest and deepest. The path along which we were travelling followed for several miles the valley of the Meh Ping which we also had to cross at Ping Kong. The upper course of the Meh Ping runs through a very beautiful country and the scenery was most splendid. We also had to pass quite close to the gigantic and imposing Doz Chieng Dao, which probably is one of the highest mountains of Siam. I stopped one day at the foot of the Chieng Dao where I had some collecting, though no species of special interest were met with. During the whole journey up to Doi Par Sakeng the rain was pouring down and the so-called roads were very slippery and muddy. I had lots of trouble with my mules but no real damage was done. 8 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. In due time I arrived at Doi Par Sakeng where there was a bungalow belonging to the Borneo Company and where I was most heartily welcomed by Mr. T. B. CHATTERIS who was in charge of the station, which is a big centre in a district where teak and other valuable trees are being worked. The name Doi Par Sakeng comes from a mountain chain which runs quite close to the station. The real mountain chain is not very high, yet some ragged peaks grow to considerable dimensions. The vegetation chiefly consists of evergreen jungles but here and there large areas of land are covered with bamboos. A few miles north of Doi Par Sakeng the plain of Nong Bea is situated. Nong Bea is an open plain, which at the time of my visit was covered with high grass. High lime- stone mountains, in which numerous large caves occur, surround the plain on three sides. When riding over the plain a hollow sound is heard and the whole of Nong Bea is probably undermined. From Doi Par Sakeng I made a few days trip to Doi Vieng Par, ‘a wild mountain region, the highest peak of which is said to be still higher than the Chieng Dao. The bird fauna at Doi Vieng Par seemed to be rather scarce and of about the same character as that of Koon Tan. When I had finished my researches at Doi Par Sakeng and its immediate neigh- bourhood I left for Chieng Hai, a fairly important town at the Meh Koke river and the seat of the Governor in the district. To reach Chieng Hai I had a very difficult journey on unbeaten mountain tracks, and I lost 5 of my horses which were affected by a dange- rous disease and succumbed. After 6 days hard travelling during which the whole ca- ravan suffered much as well from the heavy rains as from the numerous leaches which made life almost intolerable we at last arrived at Chieng Hai on the 30th of July. Chieng Hai is situated on the right bank of the Meh Koke river and is surrounded on all sides by large swamps, a haunt of immense masses of wading- and water-birds. Big game also abounds and rhinoceroses are said to be fairly common. Their tracks were seen at several occasions, though the animals themselves were almost impossible to stalk because of the flooded country which prevented me to reach their places of re- fuge. At Chieng Hai I stopped for about one week and during my stay there I lost another 6 of my horses. From Chieng Hai I also wanted to visit the old town of Chieng Sen. I therefore engaged some boats to take me down the Meh Koke as far as to where it joins the Meh Kong. 'To reach Chieng Sen we had to pole the boats for some miles up against the river. This was both difficult and somewhat dangerous because of the strong current, but nothing happened. Chieng Sen which at the present time is almost ruined, was some hundred years ago a wealthy and important town judging from the numerous temples which are now in ruins and covered by jungle. Thousands of beautiful Buddhas may, however, still be found in these old temples. After a week stay at Chieng Sen I left this nice place with about 24 carriers, and I now had a three days difficult march back to Chieng Hai which I reached on the 13th of August. At Chieng Hai I stopped for another week, and during my abscense in Chieng Sen the rest of my horses had succumbed, so I had to make new arrangements for the transport of my luggage. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 9 On the 18th of August everything was ready and I left Chieng Hai for Chieng Mai with a caravan of 48 carries. This journey turned out to be one of the most difficult I ever met with in Siam. Heavy rains were falling every day and the »roads» were most miserable. After two days march we crossed a fairly high mountain chain covered with damp evergreen jungles and mixed pine- and oak-forests. Then we had to cross the Meh Soué, which sometimes may be rather difficult. I had, however, good luck and the river was not too deep, nor the current too strong. Another two days march saw me in Vieng Pa Pao, a small town situated on a large fertile plain which is surrounded on all sides by mountains. At Vieng Pa Pao I had to change carriers which is always a nuisance in a country where »time is not money». As soon as I had got the new men I at once started again and a few miles south of Vieng Pa Pao we had to cross the Meh Lao. The river was fairly deep, and it was impossible to cross at the usual place. We therefore had to make a circuit, but at least we came to a place where a fallen tree made a tolerable bridge. The roads were quite miserable, and we generally had to walk in mud half up the knees. The further we went the more mountainous the country became, and the path on which we marched followed the courses of several creeks which we often had to cross. In two days march we thus crossed two creeks 76 times. Sometimes the current was so swift that we hardly could walk and I had to let my men form a chain, and pass the burdens from man to man. Late in the evening on the 26th of August I arrived at last to Chieng Mai after a long and tiring days march. At Chieng Mai I rested for some days, but on the 2nd of September I again left for Koon Tan where I wanted to spend another month this time of the year. I then once more returned to Chieng Mai where I previously had made arrangements to get a Laos boat for the intended journey down the Meh Ping river to Paknam Po. On the 2nd of October the boat was loaded and I made everything ready for a start. This same night we stopped at a fishing village called Nan Dou. This days journey had taken us through a very uninteresting country. The banks of the river were mostly covered with bamboos or high elephant grass and inside there either swamps or paddy- fields. Animal life was very scarce and nothing of special interest was met with. When I woke up the next morning I met with the unpleasant news that the boat was leaking and the luggage room half filled with water. This was very disagreable in- deed, and I had to unload the whole boat. Everything was wet, clothes, natural history specimens, provisions a. s. 0. and we had to stop the whole day at Nan Dou to dry every- thing. Fortunately enough nothing was spoiled and early the next morning we continued our journey with another boat. After still three days we at last were approaching the mountains, and the scenery grew more and more beautiful and interesting. The vege- tation chiefly consisted of mixed forests, but here and there evergreen jungles occured. The river is winding through the mountains which often showed perpendicular preci- pices of great dimensions. The bare rock was often visible and appeared in curious shapes. Caves were rather common but no real big ones were passed along this part of the river. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 2 10 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Between Pa Tao and Keng Soi the scenery was most beautiful. The valley was sometimes quite narrow and bordered on both sides by high mountains the slopes of which here and there had given away thus producing steep precipices. Down here we often passed large caves in which beautiful stalactites were observed. We had to pass several rapids, and it sometimes looked rather dangerous when the boat with great speed was hurrying down the swift current. But all turned out satisfactorily thanks to the skill of the steersman. At Keng Soi which is one of the largest of the Meh Ping rapids I stopped for one day. The slopes of the mountains were covered by very high grass which made progress almost impossible. About one days journey below Keng Soi we again arrived to low-lying country, and had left the mountains behind us. In the evening on the 12th of October we arrived to Paknam Po where I took the railway down to Bangkok. In Bangkok I was laid down with fever for some weeks, but in the middle of No- vember I left the capital again this time for a journey down to Peninsular Siam. I pro- ceeded by rail as far south as to Koh Lak, a nice village situated on about Lat N. 12°. Koh Lak is famous for its fine harbour, which is secure from all winds but the north-east. It is the residence of the Governor of the Pranburi Province. The Governor Mom CHao PRANI was very kind to me and I am greatly indebted to him. The immediate neighbourhood of Koh Lak turned out to be an excellent collecting ground and the Fauna had of course a different character, the Malayan forms predomi- nating, from that one of the northern parts of the country. The landscape was also very variable. The shores of the Gulf of Siam are flat and low-lying, but here and there iso- lated limestone crags occur. These crags, sometimes forming cliffs and islands, are as a rule almost inaccessible and covered with dense evergreen jungles or deciduous forests. A species of cactus is one of the most characteristic features to these coastal mountains which are the haunts of the »Liang Paa» (Capricornis sp.). The coast line is, however, in several places covered with mangrove swamps. Inside the mangrove vegetation there was often a narrow plain which gradually passed over into a thorny bamboo-jungle. From Koh Lak as a centre I made several trips up amongst the mountains which form the boundary to Tenasserim and which constitute the backbone of the Malay Pe- ninsula. Near Koh Lak these mountains are fairly low but a few miles southwards a great mountain known as Khao Luang arises to a height of about 4800 feet. The Tenasserim mountains are covered with dense forests, mostly evergreen, and formed a real »Dorado» for the sportsman. Big game such as Elephants, Rhinoceroses, Gaurs, Tapirs, Tigers and Leopards abound. Bird life was, however, rather scarce, though several interesting forms were obtained and incorporated with the collections. I visited several different places among these mountains the most conspicuous of these being Hue Sai and Hat Sanuk. Both these places have got their names from small creeks which are running down from the mountains to the coast. On the 25th of February 1915 I left my camp at Hat Sanuk for the last time and the next morning I left Koh Lak by rail for Bangkok. At the end of April 1915 I safely arrived at Stockholm after a successful and in- teresting year in the wilderness of Northern Siam and the Siamese Malaya. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. wN:0 2. 11 In order to get a proper understanding of the Fauna of Further India and. espe- cially that one of Siam, it is necessary to give a short account of the geological condition of this continent at the earlier epoques. The present Fauna of the Oriental Region apparently has its origin from the epoque which has been called the Pliocen. During that period the Indian Peninsula, Further India and the Malay Archipelago constituted a large continent which has been called the Gondwana-continent. Australia and New Guinea were, however, already separated from that enormous continent and have therefore developed quite a peculiar Fauna of their own. The eastern part of the Gondwana-continent appears to have been divided into two different parts: one western with mountains of a type which have been called altaic and one southern with another type of mountain chains called sinic. Fig. 3. Almost impenetrable brush-jungle near Hat Sanuk. By and by the Fauna got highly developed, but then large parts of the continent started to sink and in such a way the Bay of Bengal was formed. Therefore the Fauna of the Indian Peninsula had to develop quite independent of the Fauna of Further India. In a later period large revolutions, principally volcanic, destroyed the connection between certain other parts of the Eastern continent and thus the Malay Archipelago was formed. The sinic mountains were gradually destroyed and then the transformation of the altaic mountain chains commenced. At that time a great depression occured which formed the Gulf of Siam. Borneo now became separated from Sumatra. Java, on the contrary, had probably already before that time been separated from the rest of the con- tinent which is indicated by the lack of several species which are to be found on the other Islands of the Malay Archipelago. The further east we go the poorer is the Fauna. This may possibly be due to unfavourable natural conditions at the same time as great vol- canic eruptions prevented the development of a rich Fauna. Another great depression 12 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. soon followed which destroyed the connection between Sumatra and the Malay Penin- sula. Ceylon, which at the present time exhibits a Fauna which in several ways differs from that one of the upper parts of the Indian Peninsula, had already been separated probably at about the same time as Borneo. As a completion to the development it seems as if the Bengal Sea is regressing, so that an exchange between the Fauna of the Indian Peninsula and that one of the Malay Peninsula was made possible. On the Malay Peninsula the Malayan elements are predominant. This is especially evident concerning the Mammalian Fauna which highly resembles that one of Sumatra. There are, however, also several species which have had their origin in India and which have migrated to the Malay Peninsula since the connection with Sumatra already was destroyed. Towards the north the Malayan Fauna extends as far as Pegu. Southern Siam and Tenasserim constitute, however, territories in which the Fauna is of a decidedly mixed origin. The Eastern parts of Further India, through which sinic mountain chains are running, has a very peculiar Fauna, the chief character of which is the total absence of several pure Malayan forms. These forms, however, occur again on the lower slopes of the Himalayas and in Southern China. Further India and especially the Eastern parts of the same are therefore to be considered as very important for the development of the present Fauna which still continues. These parts then most probably constituted one of the centres of distribution for the Malayan Fauna. Borneo and Sumatra seems to have constituted another centre. These two centres were probably in connection with each other though the connection was destroyed before the development was actually completed. In course of time the Fauna of Further India spread out in every direction. Southern China and Northern Siam are traversed by mountain chains running in a northern-southern direction and the numerous valleys formed excellent routes for the further distribution of the animals. Both Hainan and Formosa were at that time united with the Chinese continent and on account of this these islands possess a Fauna which in several respects still reminds of that of the mainland.’ Even the Fauna of the Indian Peninsula is strongly represented im Further India. From a Zoogeographical point of view I therefore divide Siam into three different regions: 1) the mountain region of Northern Siam, 2) the lowlands of Northern and Central Siam and 3) Lower Siam. When looking at the Fauna in the mountain regions of Northern Siam one of the most striking facts is the near affinity to the Fauna of the Himalayas, and several forms characteristic to the Himalayas have also been found in Siam. The mountains of the Malay Peninsula which like a backbone are running down the whole Peninsula are showing the same affinity though the Malayan forms predominate the further south we reach. The mountains of the Malay Peninsula and those of Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Hainan, Formosa and the Philippines are displaying a similar character though they sometimes differ inter se on account of the different time at which these islands got sep- 1 Vide: Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. Bd. 50. N:o 8 1913. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:O 2. 13 arated from the mainland. All these mountains are, however, only to be considered as offshoots of the big Himalayan chain. When the low-lying countries at a later period were submerged by water, the Hi- malayan elements still retained their position up to the present time. Lower Siam and especially those parts which lay south of the Isthmus of Kra viz. about Lat. N. 10° 30! is inhabited by a Fauna in which the Malayan element is strongly pronounced but even north of Kra this same Malayan element may be traced though mixed with immigrants from the north. Curiously enough the Malayan forms seem to extend further north on the eastern side of the mountain ridge than on the western one and several forms have been obtained further north on the eastern or Siamese side. The course of this is still open to question, as the types of the landscape are almost the same. The reasons may, however, possibly be the different meteorological condi- tions. The western side of the Malay Peninsula is much more exposed to the full violence of the monsoon than the eastern side and this may prevent several delicate species to force their way north. Species occurring both in Hainan and in Siam. Gallus gallus. Francolinus chinensis. Treron nipalensis. Osmotreron bicincta donwwilli. Carpophaga cenea. Alsocomus puniceus. Macropygia tusalia. Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis. Chalcophaps indica. Amaurornis phenicura chinensis. Rostratula capensis. Hoplopterus ventralis. Glareola maldivarum. Ardetta sinensis. >» — cinnamomea. Ardeola bacchus. Gorsachius melanolophus. Butorides javanica. Bubuleus coromandus. Demiegretta sacra. Leptoptilus javanicus. Querquedula querquedula. Netiopus coromandelianus. Dendrocygna javanica. Pelecanus philippensis. Glaucidium brodiei. Ketupa zeylonensis. Astur trivirgatus rufitinetus. >» badius poliopsis. Accipiter soloénsis. Spizaétus nipalensis. Spilornis cheela rutherfordi. Baza lophotes. Eurystomus orientalis calonyx. Halcyon pileata. Halcyon smyrnensis fusca. Ceyx tridactyla. Alcedo ispida bengalensis. Upupa epops longirostris. Nyctiornis atherthont. Tthopodytes tristis hainanus. Centropus sinensis intermedius. Surniculus lugubris dicruroides. Hierococcyx sparverioides. Paleornis fasciata. Apus affinis subfurcatus. Tachornis infumata. Rhipidura albicollis. Cyornis pallidipes. Alseonax latirostris. Pericrocotus griseigularis. > fraterculus. Volvocivora lugubris saturata. Garrulax moniliger. > pectoralis. Copsychus saularis. Pratincola torquata stejnegeri. Monticola cyanea. Sutoria sutoria. Phylloscopus tennellipes. Artamus fuscus. Melanochlora sultanea. Diceum cruentata coccinea. Uroloncha acuticauda. Oriolus indicus, Dissemurus paradiseus. Buchanga atra cathoeca. Chaptia enea. Sturnia sinensis. 14 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Species obtained in the Siamese Malaya on about Lat. N. 12°. Crypsirhina varians. Buchanga atra cathoeca. Oriolus indicus. >» melanocephalus. Spodiopsar leucocephalus. Sturnopastor floweri. Sturnia sinensis. Graculipica nigricollis. Aethiopsar grandis, Acridotheres tristis. Munia punctulata subundulata. Passer montanus malaccensis. Mirafra assamica marione. Motacilla flava taivanus. Anthus richardi malayensis. Arachnechthra asiatica. Cyrtostomus flammaxillaris. Anthreptes malacensis. Diceum cruentata coccinea. » chrysorrheum. Lanius hypoleucus siamensis. Otomela cristata. Hemipus picatus. Platylophus ardesiacus. Artamus fuscus. Arundinax aédon. Sutoria sutoria. Phylloscopus borealis borealis. » nitidus plumbeitarsus. Geocichla citrina. Turdus obscurus. Monticola cyanea. Copsychus saularis. Kittocincla macrurus tricolor. Pratincola torquata stejnegeri. Garrulax leucolophus diardi. Pellorneum subochraceum. Turdinus abbotti abbotti. Mizxornis gularis. » gularis minor. Myiophoneus eugenit. Herpornis xantholeuca. Aegithina tiphia. Aethorhynchus lafresnayet. Chloropsis aurifrons. Microtarsus melanocephalus. Tole viridescens. Pycnonotus finlaysoni. Otocompsa flaviventris. Graucalus macei. Volvocivora melachistus intermedia. > melanoptera avensis. Pericrocotus cinereus. Cyornis sumatrensis. Muscitrea grisola grisola. Gerygone griseus. Hypothymis agurea prophata. Rhipidura javanica. > albifrontata burmanica. Terpsiphone affinis. Stoparola melanops. Chelidon rustica gutturalis. Eucichla gurneyi. Calyptomena viridis. Corydon sumatranus. Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus lemniscatus. Gecinus viridianus. Chrysophlegma malacense. Tiga javanesis intermedia. Therciceryx lineatus hodgsoni. Xantholema hematocephala. Cacomantis merulinus. Eudynamis orientalis malayana. Rhopodytes tristis hainanus. Centropus sinensis intermedia. Pyrotrogon oreskios. Collocalia francica germaini. Tachornis infumata. Apus affinis subfurcatus. Lyncornis cerviniceps. Caprimulgus macrurus bimaculatus. Caprimulgus asiaticus. Merops orientalis birmanus. Nyctiornis atherthoni. Upupa epops longirostris. » » saturata. Dichoceros bicornis. Anthracoceros albirostris. Pelargopsis capensis malaccensis. Alcedo ispida bengatensis. Halcyon smyrnensis fusca. » pileata. > armstrongt. Coracias affinis. Eurystomus orientalis calonyx. Paleornis fasciata. Glaucidium cuculoides. Pandion haliaétus cristatus. Circus @ruginosus eruginosus. Astur badius poliopsis. Aquila maculata. Spizaétus nipalensis nipalensis. > limnaétus. Circaétus hypoleucus. Spilornis bacha. Haliaétus leucogaster. Haliastur indus intermedius. Pernis cristatus. Falco tinnunculus saturatus. Pseudogyps bengalensis. Otogyps calvus. Phalacrocorax pygmeus javanicus. Asarcornis leucoptera. Ardea cinerea youyi. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. wN:o 2. 15 Mesophoyx intermedia. Tringoides hypoleucus. Demiegretta sacra. . Glottis nebularius. Gorsachius melanolophus. Rhyacophilus glareola. Ardeola gray. Gallinago stenura. Bubulcus coromandus. » gallinago. Ardetta sinensis. Rostratula capensis. Dissoura episcopus neglecta. Hydrochelidon hybrida. Leptoptilus dubius. Sterna seena. » javanicus. Amaurornis phenicura chinensis. Antigone sharpei. Streptopelia suratensis tigrina. Glareola maldivarum. Ocenopopelia tranquebarica humilis. Sarcogrammus indica atrinuchalis. Chalcophaps indica. Squatarola squatarola, Alsocomus puniceus. Charadrius dominicus fulvus. Treron nipalensis. Ochthodromus geoffroyt. Osmotreron bicincta domvilli. » mongolus, Carpophaga enea cenea. Aegialites peront. Turnix pugnax. » alexandrina, Tropicoperdix chloropus. Himantopus himantopus. Genneeus lineatus lineatus. Numenius arquata. Gallus gallus. Totanus calidris. Argusianus argus. » ochropus. List of species hitherto not recorded from Siam. Uroloncha acuticauda squamicollis. Picumnus innominatus malayorum. Motacilla flava taivanus. Sasia ochracea reichenowit. Aethopyga dabryt. Cyanops asiatica. Arachnothera aurata. > ramsayt. Lanius tigrinus. Collocalia francica germaini. Franklinia rufescens poliocephala. Apus affinis subfurcatus. Corythocichla brevicaudata. Upupa epops saturata. Stachyrhidopsis rufifrons. Scops bakkamoena lettia. Myiophoneus ceruleus. Photodilus badius. Chloropsis hardwicket. Aquila maculata. Volvocivora melachistus intermedia. Spizaétus nipalensis nipalensis. > lugubris saturata. Circaétus hypoleucus. Pericrocotus griseigularis. Sarcidiornis melanolota. Alseonax siamensis. Dafila aquta. Gerygone griseus. Squatarola squatarola. Rhipidura albicollis. Aegialites peroni. > albifrontata burmanica. Himantopus himantopus. Riparia paludicola chinensis. Sterna seena. Picus vittatus eisenhofert. Sphenocercus apicauda. Brachylophus chlorolophoides. > pseudo-crocopus, Pyrrhopicus pyrrhotis. Macropygia tusalia. In conclusion I want to express my sincere thanks to several persons both in Siam and Sweden. Principally I then have to remember the Siamese Consul General in Stock- holm Mr. AxEL Ax:son JOHNSON, the Siamese Consul Mr. Hence Ax:son JOHNSON and another friend of mine who wants to be unknown. All these three gentlemen defrayed with utmost generosity all the coasts for the Expedition. Among the European residents in Siam, who helped me in several ways, I especially want to mention the Director of the Siam Electricity Company Mr. W. L. Grout and the Divisional Engineer Mr. Emin E1sennoFER. The advice, generosity and hospitality of 16 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. these gentlemen were of utmost value for the succesfull carrying out of my plans and without their help the results of the Expedition would have been nothing of what they have turned out to be. To the Siamese Government I owe letters of introduction to the officials in the different Provinces through which I had the pleasure of travelling. Without such letters of introduction travelling in Siam is very difficult and almost im- possible but with them a journey in the wilderness is fairly easy. The Government also furnished me with an escort of some Gendarmes when I went through the more uncertain parts of the country. Several other persons and some of the large firms such as the Bombay, Burmah Trad- ing Corporation and the Borneo Company Limited helped me in several ways which help was most valuable. To the Siamese Government and then principally to H. R. H. Princzk DamMrone oF S1aMm and the Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Interior H. E. Paya Mana AmmMarT as well as to other gentlemen and officials both mentioned and unmentioned I herewith want to express my utmost gratitude. In the systematic list the following abbreviations are used: L= total length (measured in flesh.), W =length of wing, C=length of culmen. B= bill from gape. T =length of tail. Fam. Corvide. 1. Corvus macrorhynchus. Waci. — The Jungle Crow. Corvus culminatus: Schomburgk p. 252. Corvus macrorhynchus: Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 76; Barton p. 105; Robinson & Kloss p. 71; Grant p. 66; Gyldenstolpe I p. 18; Gyldenstolpe 11; Gyldenstolpe HI p. 164; Robinson II p. 150; Gairdner p. 148; Robinson III p. 761. The Jungle Crow is commonly distributed over the whole of Siam and does not avoid even the dense forests, though it is most abundant in or around towns and villages. Mr. SrRESEMANN has kindly informed me in a letter that the Siamese Jungle Crows probably belong to the race which has been described by ApAms (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1859 p- 171) under the name of Corvus intermedius founded on specimens from Kashmire and Simla. This race according to STRESEMANN »seems to be of much the same colour as typical C. macrorhynchus which, howewer, always have the bases of the feathers pure white, while in C. intermedius they vary from pure white to pale grey. Young birds in their first plumage have the bases of the feathers brownish grey. The bill in C. intermedius is also somewhat differing from that one of C. macrorhynchus. In the first-mentioned form the bill is generally shorter and lower and the highest point is not at the base but at about the nasal opening». KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 17 Several of these points of characteristic agree with the specimen in my collection. In my former paper on the Birds of Siam (Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Band 50. N:o 8 p. 18) the wing measurement of my specimen of C’. mac- rorhynchus WaGL. is given to 226mm. Thisis a misprint for 326 mm. which I herewith take the opportunity of correcting. 2. Urocissa occipitalis. Buiytra. — The Red-billed Blue Magpie. Urocissa magnirostris: Gould p. 151. Urocissa occipitalis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 19; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe II p. 164. lad. Koon Tan, May 1914. Wing = 201 mm.; Tail = 428 mm.; Culmen = 33 mm.; Tarsus = 40 mm. — 1 ¢ juv. Koon Tan 1914. Length = 335 mm.; Wing = 176 mm.; Culmen = 33 mm. — Iris = brown; Legs = yellow. This beautiful Magpie seems to be distributed over the whole of Siam, but it is apparently very local and could be totally absent from a locality though appearing again close by in a place showing a similar condition as the former. Most often they were observed in thin tree jungle but sometimes even in shrub-jungles. Especially along the course of the Meh Ping river they were very abundant and small parties were seen almost every day. When flying from place to place they always followed each other in a long file which has also been stated by Davison. As a rule this species is very shy and diffi- cult to obtain. The immature birds are differing from the adult specimens in being ashy grey on the upper parts of the body; the head all round, sides of the neck, throat and fore neck dusky brown; the large white occipital patch is very well-marked; abdomen and under tail-coverts pure white without any bluish shade; thighs white; rest of the plumage as in the adult though never of the same rich blue colour. In the adult birds the bases of the quills seen from below are pale salmon coloured which extends along the inner webs of the quills. 3. Dendrocitta rufa. Scor. — The Indian Tree-pie. Dendrocitta rufa: Parrot p. 119; Gyldenstolpe I p. 19; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164. 1 ad. Koon Tan, May 1914. Wing = 45 mm.; Tail = 227 mm.; Culmen = 25 mm.; Tarsus = 28 mm. Curiously enough the Indian Tree-pie was very rare in every part of the country visited during my second journey to Siam and the Siamese Laos States. In the most northern parts of the country it seems to be totally absent. During my former journey 1911—1912 I found it quite common in the dry forests near Den Chai and Pak Pan, places situated at about Lat. N. 17° 40’. Further north I visited large areas of land showing a similar kind of vegetation but I never observed a single specimen myself. In the collections of Mr. E. E1rsenuorer I, however, found a few specimens shot at the neighbourhood of Koon Tan and Pa Hing. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. Nio 2. 18 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. The Indian Tree-pie is a very characteristic bird and is not easy to overlook especially on account of its syllabic note which makes its presence known at rather a far distance. Therefore I am perfectly sure that it does not occur in Northern Siam north of Lat. 18°. 4. Crypsirhina varians. Lara. — The Black Racket-tailed Magpie. Crypsirhina varians: Grant p. 66; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 76; Gyldenstolpe I p. 19; Gylden- stolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164. Sf Koon Tan "/;2 1914. Length = 292 mm.; Wing = 114 mm.; Culmen = 19,5 mm.; Tail = 184 mm. — 9 Koh Lak ®/; 1915. Length = 296 mm.; Wing = 114 mm.; Culmen == 20 mm.; Tail = 189 mm. — © Chum Poo 2/5 1915. Length = 303 mm.; Wing = 111 mm.; Culmen = 19 mm.; Tail = 195 mm. — Iris: Pale blue. Bill: Black. Legs: Black. The Black Racket-tailed Magpie was rather common in brush-, secondary- and bamboo-jungles over the whole of Siam. Even as far south as at Koh Lak and its surro- undings it was far from being rare. The Siamese specimens are absolutely identical with those from Java, both as to size and colouring. 5. Cissa chinensis. Bopp. — The Green Magpie. Cissa chinensis: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164; Gairdner p. 148. JS Doi Par Sakeng 17/7 1914. L = 365 mm. W = 150 mm; T = 205 mm; C = 30 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 24/, 1914. L = 358 mm.; W = 146 mm.; T = 211 mm.; C = 31 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan °/p 1914. L= 275 mm.; W = 150 mm.; C = 30 mm. — § Doi Par Sakeng “/; 1914. L= 356 mm.; W = 147 mm.; T = 211 mm; C = 29 mm. — & Koon Tan '/5 1914. L = 316 mm.; W = 137 mm.; T= 165 mm.; C = 27 mm. — Irides: Reddish brown. Bill: coral red. Legs: coral red. Ring round the eye: coral red. This beautiful Magpie was fairly common in the thick vegetation covering the lower hills of Northern Siam. As already stated by Davison it has much the same habits as the Laughing Thrushes of the genus Garrulaz, but I never found it together with these birds as stated by this same author. When observed it was always single sculking among the thick and thorny vegetation. I never heard it utter any notes, only when being wounded it uttered a hoarse, rather unpleasant call. The female specimen obtained at Koon Tan on the 15th of May 1914 has a some- what differing colouration from the other specimens collected and though its dimensions are smaller than the other birds, I think it is wisest not to separate it under a subspe- cific name. These Magpies are very variable and the colour of the plumage undergoes a con- siderable change after death. Still this specimen differs a great deal and I therefore give a full description of it. Adult female: General colour above greenish blue (in skin.); lores, feathers round the eye, ear-coverts and a broad band encircling the nape pure black; forehead yellowish green which colour even occupies the crown and the long crest feathers, though fading KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 19 into greenish on the latter; chin and cheeks pale greenish yellow fading into grass green on the upper breast; lower breast, flanks and sides of the abdomen pale greenish blue; middle of abdomen creamy white; under tail-coverts pale greenish white; primaries reddish chocolate to bloody red on the inner ones; inner webs of the primaries dusky red; inner secondaries bloody red tipped with white and with an indistinct black subterminal bar; outer secondaries reddish yellow on the basal part, followed by a broad bar of grey- ish brown and then of a black bar which reaches farther backwards on the outer web than on the inner one; the secondaries are all tipped with pale bluish white more broadly on the innermost ones; tail bluish green with a broad subterminal black bar. 6. Garrulus leucotis. Hume. — The Burmese Jay. Garrulus leucotis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 20; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164. Sex Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm mm. mm. mm. mm. fol Koon Tan 28g 295 176 142 29 35 o Pak Koh "4 300 179 138 20 40 o Koon Tan 28/9 300 174 138 29 40 fol Chum Poo 445 315 177 145 30 39 oe Bang Hue Pong 37/5, 299 173 132 28 39 oe Doi Par Sakeng 20/, 300 178 139 33 35 9 | Bang Hue Pong | 2%/s | 290 163 127 26 36 Q Koon Tan 5/e 315 164 130 27 34 Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: pale brownish grey. The Burmese Jay was rather abundant on suitable localities in Northern Siam. It generally goes about in small flocks and they seem to prefer the open deciduous forests before the dense evergreen jungles. It was most common at rather high altitudes where the mountains are covered with pines sometimes of gigantic proportions. It seldom descends into the lower valleys with their dense vegetation. Young birds were obtained at the end of May always in company with the adult bird. Among the specimens in my collection there is a considerable amount of variation as regards the white area on the forehead and in one specimen it also occupies a large part of the crown. Fam. Dicruride. 7. Chaptia enea. VirtLt. — The Bronzed Drongo. Chaptia enea: Gyldenstolpe I p. 28; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. S$ Bang Hue Pong */s 1914. L = 235 mm; W = 124 mm.; T= 127 mm.; Bill from gape = 24 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 7/4 1914. L. = 196 mm; W = 123 mm.; T = 99 mm.; Bill from gape = 22 mm, — 20 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. JS Koon Tan 7/5 1914. L = 215 mm.; W = 121 mm.; T = 125 mm.; Bill from gape = 23 mm. — 6 Doi Par Sakeng 1%; 1914. L = 215 mm.; W = 110 mm; T= 119 mm.; Bill from gape = 21 mm. — Irides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: black. Fairly common in the Northern and Central parts of the country. The specimens obtained by me are practically intermediate between the typical C. a. enea VIEILL. and C. a. malayensis BLytH. which inhabits more southern districts. In the collections of the Royal Nat. Hist. Museum in Stockholm there are two specimens from Ahsown in Tenasserim which are typical C. a. malayensis. In this spe- cies the underparts of the body are almost black with a distinct metallic gloss especially on the breast; the metallic colour on the upper parts of the body is continued to the rump and upper tail-coverts. The specimens from Northern Siam are decidedly more greyish on the under parts of the body and there is only a slight gloss on the breast. The rump and the upper tail- coverts are, however, glossy metallic green and not inclining to greyish as in typical Ch. a. enea. The Tenasserim specimens are also slightly smaller. 8. Chibia hottentotta. Lixn. — The Hair-crested Drongo. Chibia hottentotta: Barton p. 106; Gyldenstolpe I p. 28; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. do Doi Par Sakeng *4/; 1914. L = 305 mm.; W = 165 mm.; T = 147 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 9/4 1914. L = 305 mm; W = 170 mm.; T = 147 mm. — @& juv. Bang Hue Pong 75/5 1914. L = 275 mm.; W = 144 mm.; T = 120 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Hair-crested Drongo was rather common on suitable localities in the Northern parts of the country, though apparently very locally distributed. It has not yet been found at Bangkok or its neighbourhood, but during my previous Expedition to Siam I obtained a specimen on the Korat plateau, which seems to be about its southern limits in Siam. It has, however, been collected by DAvison in Tenasse- rim south to about the same latitude. Further east it seems to extend more to the south as Dr. TrRant records it from Cochin China. 9. Buchanga atra cathoeca. Swinu. — The Black Drongo. Buchanga atra: Oustalet 1903 p. 29. Dicrurus ater: Parrot p. 116; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 81; Barton p. 105; Gyldenstolpe I p. 27; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167; Gairdner p. 148. do Koh Lak 1/12 1914. L = 247 mm.; W = 133 mm.; T = 134 mm.; Bill from gape = 26 mm. — Trides: brownish red. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Black Drongo is one of the birds most often met with in every part of Siam where the forests are not too thick. It was never, as far as I can remember, obtained in dense primeval forests, which it seems to avoid. It is not at all shy and as it is chiefly found in open jungles or near houses and villages it is very easy to study its habits. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 21 Generally it was seen perching on a lofty branch at the top of a high tree, now and then darting after a passing insect. Rather common as far south as Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya. 10. Buchanga cineracea mouhoti. Watp. — The Asuy Drongo. Dicrurus cineraceus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 27; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. Buchanga cineracea mouhoti: Robinson III p. 759. dS Koon Tan */5 1914. L = 220 mm.; W = 125 mm; T= 114 mm. — 6 Doi Par Sakeng **/7 1914. L = 265 mm.; W = 130 mm.; T = 140 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 2/5 1914. L = 270 mm.; W = 136 mm.; T = 155 mm. — Irides: brownish red. Bill: black. Legs: black. As far as I can see the Ashy Drongos inhabiting Siam ought to be referred to the race described by LorD WaLpDEN under the above-mentioned name. As compared with a series of B. c. cineracea Horsf. from Java, the Siamese birds are at a glance distinguished by their paler underparts and their larger bills. The upper parts of the body are also slightly paler, especially the crown. The Siamese specimens have their lores blackish which is also a point of characteristic to B. c. mouhoti. From B. leucogenys Waup. they differ by having the under wing-coverts very dark and without the white edges, which are very conspicuous in that form. Its nearest ally is B. c. nigrescens OaTES. but it is separated from that species by its much paler colouring. 11. Dissemurus paradiseus malabaricus. Latu. — The Larger Racket-tailed Drongo. Edolius paradiseus: Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 261; Finsch & Conrad p. 351. Dissemurus paradiseus: Oustalet 1903 p. 35; Grant p. 68; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 82: Barton p. 106; Flower p. 322; Robinson & Kloss p. 71; Gyldenstolpe I p. 28; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe Ill p. 167; Robinson I p. 109; Robinson II p. 150; Gairdner p. 148. Dissemurus paradiseus paradiseus: Parrot p. 118; Robinson III p. 760. Rex Locality Date Length | Wing Tail | Bill from gape mm mm mm. mm fof Koon Tan | °/c 1914 523 160 365 32 fo) Koon Tan | °/s 1914 512 158 382 33 fo) Pak Koh | 7/1 1914 376 153 242 32 fo) Pak Koh 21/3 1914 505 160 347 35 é Pak Koh | 4/s 1914 337 165 = 36 o& juv. | Koon Tan | °/c 1914 265 134 —_ 33 Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. Several distinct races have been described of this bird. The form inhabiting North- ern Siam cannot be the typical Dissemurus paradiseus Linn. because of its enormous crest and its long hair-like frontal plumes. In one of my specimens the longest crest- feathers are 45 mm. The form described by Linnaus has a very small crest and the size of the bird is rather small. This race inhabits Java, the Malay Peninsula and probably 22 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Lower Siam. As already remarked by Harrert (Nov. Zool. vol. IX. 1902 p. 579) the form called D. p. platurus VIEILL. is only a synonym of the typical form. I therefore consider that the larger D. p. malabaricus Latu. inhabits Northern Siam. This race is characterized by its long crest and its size is also larger than any other form of the Racket-tailed Drongo, except D. p. grandis GouLp. from the Himalayas and Assam. Another allied form D. p. johni Hartert. inhabits the island of Hainan. This species has also a long crest but is lacking the hair-like plumes. On an average it is also decidedly smaller. 12. Bhringa remifer. Temm. — The Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo. Bhringa remifer: Robinson III p. 760. @ Doi Par Sakeng 1%/; 1914. L = 247 mm.; W = 140 mm. T = 143 mm.; B = 25 mm. — @ Koon Tan 5/g 1914. L = 236 mm; W = 130 mm.; T = 130 mm.; B = 26 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. In the collection there are only two specimens of the Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo, the one obtained at Doi Par Sakeng in Northwestern Siam and the other one at Koon Tan in the Northern parts of the country. The specimens obtained are both females and probably immature because there is not the slightest trace of the elongated outer tail-feathers and the tail is almost square and not forked at all. The nostrils are densely covered with bristles and plume-like feathers. This beautiful Drongo seems to be very rare in Siam and besides this record it has only been found by Boprn Kuoss during his recent trip to Southeastern Siam. Fam. Oriolide. 13. Oriolus indicus. Jurp. — The Black-naped Oriole. Oriolus indicus: Oustalet 1903 p. 39; Miller p. 390; Robinson & Kloss p. 72; Williamson I p. 43; Gylden- stolpe II; Gyldenstolpe IIT p. 168; Gairdner p. 149; Williamson II p. 201; Robinson III p. 758. 3 Koh Lak »/1n 1914. L = 230 mm; W = 143 mm; T = 93 mm.; C = 27,5 mm. — ¢° Koon Tan May 1914. W = 152 mm.; T = 96 mm.; C = 29 mm. — @ Koon Tan 3/5 1914. L = 266 mm.; W = 149 mm.; T = 98,7 mm.; C = 30 mm. — @ Pa Hing %/s 1914. L = 236 mm; W = 142 mm; T = 95 mm.; C = 28 mm. — Irides: brownish red. Bill: pink. Legs: plumbeous. The Black-naped Oriole was very locally distributed in secondary and thin tree jungle. In Northern Siam it was by no means as common as O. melanocephalus LINN. which latter species also was obtained in the Siamese Malaya where O. indicus seemed to be rather rare. The Black-naped Oriole is probably to be considered as a partially migratory bird when the rains set in. Then it moves to more southern districts and it has been recorded by WILLIAMSON as being very common in Bangkok where it is said to be far more abun- dant than Oriolus melanocephalus Linn. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 23 14. Oriolus melanocephalus. Linn. — The Indian Black-headed Oriole. Oriolus melanocephalus: Miller p. 392; Oustalet 1903 p. 41; Robinson & Kloss p. 72; Gairdner p. 32; Barton p. 106; Williamson I p. 43; Gyldenstolpe I p. 34; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; William- son II p. 202; Gairdner p. 149. Sax Locality Tot. length} Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus | pate mm. mm. mm. mm. rom. 9 Pak Koh 214 128 80 26 21 Wa ee Pak Koh 219 136,5 87,8 26,5 21 m/s ow juv. Koon Tan 225 124 80,2 26 20,5 16/y 2 Pak Koh 215 131 84 26,7 20 Bol 2 Pak Koh 203 125 81 24 21 "Ia oe Koon Tan 225 128 90 28,5 20 8/o rots Bang Hue Pong 225 135 87 28 20 20/6 rol Chum Poo 210 126 85 26,5 20 46 Q Koh Lak 205 127,5 81 27 20,5 | t/t Irides: Crimson (young: brown). Bill: rosy pink (young: black). Legs: plumbeous (young: black). The Indian Black-headed Oriole is generally distributed over the whole country, occuring in dense forests as well as in thin tree- and scrub-jungles. Davison states that in Tenasserim it was rare south of Mergui but I found it quite common at Koh Lak and its neighbourhood why it seems to extend further south on the Siamese side than on the Tenasserim one. One young male obtained at Koon Tan on the 16th of September has the bill pure black while other young birds shot in March to June have their bills whitish pink with a dusky tip. These are probably birds of the last year which seems to indicate that the Orioles only assume the plumage of the fully adult birds in their second year. Fam. Eulabetide. 15. Gracula javana intermedia. A. Hay. — The Burmese Talking Mynah. Eulabes intermedia: Miller p. 388; Barton p. 106; Gyldenstolpe I p. 34; Gyldenstolpe II; Gairdner p. 149. Eulabes intermedius: Robinson & Kloss p. 67; Robinson II p. 150. Gracula intermedia: Schomburgk p. 255. Gracula javana javana: Parrot p. 114. Gracula javana intermedia: Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Robinson III p. 758. o Pak Koh */3 1914. L = 273 mm.; W = 156 mm.; T = 84 mm.; C = 23 mm. — © Koon Tan 3/6 1914. L = 275 mm.; W = 153 mm.; T = 88 mm.; C = 23 mm. — J Koon Tan 17/5 1914. L = 265 mm.; W = 158 mm.; T = 84 mm.; C = 25 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: orange red (tip of upper mandible yellow). Legs: yellow. This species was very abundant in the Northern parts of the country but only in the well-wooded districts. The »Nok khon tong» as it is called in Siamese is a very common cage-bird among the natives and it is even highly appreciated by the European residents. 24 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Among the mountains on the boundary between Siam and Tenasserim on about Lat. N. 12° I several times observed small parties of a Mynah, but if it was this species or the allied G. 7. javana Cuv. I am unable to ascertain because no specimens where procured there. It, however, most probably was G. j. javana Cuv. because the birds seemed to be rather large. 16. Ampeliceps coronatus. BrytuH. — The Yellow-crowned Mynah. Ampeliceps coronatus: Miller p. 388; Robinson & Kloss p. 68; Gyldenstolpe I p. 35; Gyldenstolpe II; Gylden- stolpe III p. 168. & Pak Koh 2/3 1914. L = 240 mm.; W =121 mm., T = 64 mm.; Bill from gape = 22 mm.; Tarsus == 20 mm. — Irides: brown. Eyelid: reddish yellow. Bill: yellow. Legs: yellow. The Yellow-crowned Mynah is a fairly common inhabitat of the damp evergreen forests of Northern Siam, where it is generally met with in small parties keeping to the highest trees. It is, however, quite tame and easy to obtain. Fam. Sturnide. 17. Spodiopsar leucocephalus. Gict. & Satvap. — Hume’s Mynah. © Koh Lak 2/12 1914. Length = 223 mm.; Wing = 124,5 mm.; Tail = 75,2 mm.; Tarsus = 31 mm.; Culmen = 21 mm. — Koh Lak °/12 1914. Length = 210 mm.; Wing = 120 mm.; Tail = 72,5 mm.; Tarsus = 29 mm.; Culmen = 19 mm. — Iris: yellowish white. Bill: pale orange. Legs: yellowish brown. This species which has previously only been recorded from Cochin China and from the neighbourhood of Tavoy on the boundary between Tenasserim and Siam, was not uncommon at the vicinity of Koh Lak, a small village situated at the coast of the Gulf of Siam and a little south of the latitude of Tavoy. When observed it was always mixed up in the flocks of the other Mynahs viz. Sturnopastor flowert SHARPE and Graculipica nigricollis Payk. more seldom with Ae- thiopsar grandis Moork. It was rather shy and always more difficult to get than its rela- tives. It most often was observed in the open, park-like forests near the seashore, but was sometimes found in the bamboo-forests though never far from villages. In the ever- green jungles which cover the hill-tracts deviding Siam and Tenasserim it was never ob- served nor in any part of Northern or Central Siam why its distributional area seems to be only confined to the southern parts of the country. My specimens perfectly well agree with the descriptions in the litterature with the exception that the primaries are almost black. Only the tips and the innerwebs are dusky brown. The basal part is pure white and of the same colour as the primary cov- erts. The secondaries and the greater coverts are bronzy brown with some blackish colour near the shafts. Sides of the body, flanks and tighs ashy; lower rump and under tail-coverts pale fawn-buff. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 25 18. Spodiopsar malabaricus nemoriculus. Jerp. — The White-winged Mynah. Sturnia malabarica: Gyldenstolpe HI p. 168. Sturnia nemoricola: Williamson II p, 203. 1 ad. Koon Tan 1914. Wing = 99 mm.; Tail = 68 mm.: Culmen = 17 mm.; Tarsus = 20,5 mm. Seems to be fairly rare and was only observed in the mountains round Koon Tan in Northern Siam. I have with some hesitation referred the single specimen I obtained to the above- named race, which inhabits Burma and Tenasserim, on account of its having the bastard wing and wing-lining dirty white; the first primary, however, is brown and the primary coverts are black, edged with metallic green; the lower rump and the upper tail-coverts are not »slightly more ashy than the back» as stated in the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum Vol. 13 p. 49 but ruddy brown. The tighs are also not ashy but pale vinous and of the same colour as the under-parts of the body; under tail-coverts pale cinnamon and only a few of the shorter ones are chestnut of about the same colour as the tips of the outer tail feathers. 19. Sturnopastor floweri. Suarpre. — The Siamese Pied Mynah. Sturnopastor floweri: Gyldenstolpe I p. 36. Sturnopastor superciliaris: Williamson I p. 43; Gairdner p. 33; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Williamson II p. 206; Gairdner p. 149. S Koh Lak "4/11 1914. L = 210 mm.; W = 120 mm.; T = 74 mm.; C = 27,5 mm. — @ Koh Lak "12 1914. L = 210 mm.; W = 117 mm.; T = 69 mm.; C = 28 mm. — @ Koh Lak '/12 1914. L = 213 mm; W = 117 mm; T= 75 mm; C = 28,2 mm. — Q Koh Lak °/11 1914. L = 229 mm; W= 118 mm.; T = 78 mm.; C = 29 mm. — Irides: yellowish white. Bill: dirty yellow (base: brick-red.) Legs: light brown. All the specimens of the Pied Mynah which I collected at Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya are to be referred to the species described by SHARPE under the name of S, flowerv. This species is a near ally to S. superciliaris BLytTH which also occurs in Siam, particularly in the Northern parts while S. floweri seems to be confined to the Central and Southern Districts. The Siamese Pied Mynah (8S. flowert SuHarpex) differs from S. superciliaris BLYTH by having the upper parts of the body deep black with a glossy greenish tinge while these same parts in the last-mentioned form are brownish black. 20. Sturnia sinensis. Gm. — The Chinese Mynah. Sturnia elegans: Gould p. 151. Sturnia sinensis: Williamson I p. 43; Gairdner p. 33; Gyldenstolpe I p. 35; Williamson II p. 202; Gairdner p. 149. & Koh Lak 4/12 1914. L = 176 mm.; W = 99 mm; T = 59 mm; C = 17 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak “fe 1914. L = 185 mm; W = 99,5 mm.; T = 60 mm; C = 18 mm. — @ Koh Lak /12 1914. L= K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 4 26 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 178 mm.; W = 97 mm.; T = 60 mm.; C ~17 mm. — Irides: bluish white. Bill: bluish grey. Legs: plumbeous. The Chinese Mynah is fairly common during the cold season. It generally occurs in large flocks keeping to the cultivated land at the surroundings of towns or villages. Among the specimens obtained there are both immature and fully adult birds. The immature birds differ from the old ones in having the wingcoverts black; only the median series in some specimens being white. The creamy buff colour of the rump and upper tail-coverts does not extend as far down in the young birds as in the old ones and is washed with isabelline. 21. Agropsar sturninus. Patt. — The Daurian Mynah. The Daurian Mynah is apparently very rare in Siam and during my journey I only came across two specimens which were observed in a garden belonging to the Siam Electricity Company at Klong Toi just outside Bangkok. Besides these records it has only been met with in Siam by WILLIAMSON. 22. Graculipica nigricollis. Payx. — The Black-necked Mynah. Acridotheres nigricollis: Gould p. 151. Sturnopastor nigricollis: Schomburgk p. 253. Gracupica nigricollis: Finsch & Conrad p. 352. Graculipica nigricollis: Flower p. 323; Williamson I p. 43; Gairdner p. 33; Gyldenstolpe I p. 35; Gylden- stolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Williamson II p. 204; Gairdner p. 149; Robinson III p. 757. © Koon Tan 12/5 1914. L = 260 mm.; W = 155 mm.; T = 95 mm.; C = 28 mm. — i Koh Lak 22/1915. L = 255 mm.; W = 153 mm.; T = 92 mm.; C = 30 mm. — Irides: white. Bill: black. Legs: light brown. The Black-necked Mynah is very common on suitable localities over the whole country. It was, however, never met with in evergreen forests nor very far from culti- vated land. Their notes which they generally utter when resting on the top of a tree is rather sweet and melodious. The colour of the legs seems to vary from pale brown to plumbeous. 23. Aethiopsar grandis. Moorz. — The Siamese Mynah. Aethiopsar grandis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 36; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Williamson I p. 48; Williamson II p. 205; Gairdner p. 149; Barton p. 106; Robinson III p. 106. do Koon Tan *%/, 1914. L = 240 mm; W = 132 mm.; T = 82 mm.; C = 20 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak 15/j2 1914. L = 243 mm.; W = 131,56 mm.; T = 83 mm.; C = 21 mm. — Trides: reddish brown. Bill: yellow. Legs: yellow. A very common species about towns, villages and cultivated land in every part of Siam Proper and the Siamese Malaya. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:o 2. 27 24. Acridotheres tristris. Linn. — The Common Mynah. Acridotheres tristis: Barton p. 106; Gairdner p. 33; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Gairdner p. 149; Williamson II p. 205. 1 ad. Koon Tan 1914. W = 135 mm.; T = 87 mm.; C = 20 mm.; Tarsus = 33 mm. The Common Mynah was rather abundant in or near villages especially in the northern parts of the country. It was, however, also observed in the Siamese Malaya as for instance at Koh Lak and its neighbourhood. They are always seen in pairs either jumping about on the ground or resting in a tree uttering their pretty song. They are often kept by the natives as a cage bird. In the »Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum» vol. 13 p. 81 Dr. R. B. SHARPE states that the colour of the upper (misprint: under in the Cat.) tail-coverts is the same as the colour of the back. In the specimen obtained at Koon Tan the upper tail-coverts are, however, decidedly paler than the rest of the back, being brownish ashy with pale brown edges to the feathers. But perhaps this pale colouring may only be a sign of immaturity. Fam. Ploceide. 25. Maunia atricapilla rubronigra. Hopas. — The Chestnut-bellied Munia. Munia atricapilla: Flower p. 323; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. 3 Chieng Hai ?/s 1914. L = 104 mm.; W = 51 mm.; T = 36 mm; C = 10,5 mm. — Irides: brown Bill: grey. Legs: plumbeous. I only observed this Munia near Chieng Hai and Chieng Sen, both small towns in Upper Siam. Even at these places they were rather rare. They occured in small parties of about 6 to 10 birds on the grassy plains outside the towns. Their food consists usu- ally of different kinds of seeds. The specimen obtained clearly belongs to the northern race which was named by Hopeson Munia rubronigra. It differs from the southern race, which is the typical Munia atricapilla ViEtLu. in having the abdomen, vent und under tail-coverts decidedly more blackish and in lacking the hoary-grey edges to the feathers of the mantle. 26. Munia punctulata topela. Swrivu. & Chieng Hai '/, 1914. L = 120 mm.; W = 54,5 mm. T = 48,5 mm.; C = 10,7 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. At the neighbourhood of Chieng Hai, one of the most important towns of Upper Siam this species was rather common on the large grassy plains which cover such an ex- tensive area of land outside this town. It was also observed a few times in bamboo- forests in several other parts of Northern Siam. 28 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Munia punctulata topela inhabits Southern China, Northern Siam, Hainan and Formosa. _ A near ally is the next species which, however, is a more southern form, inhabiting Burma and Tenasserim, being replaced still further south in the Malay Peninsula and some of the Sunda Islands by another form UM. p. nisoria Temm. Munia p. topela is, as far as I can see, quite a distinct form. It has the upper tail-coverts and the tail shaded with yellowish green; the rump is ashy olive with paler almost white narrow edges to the feathers; the upper parts of the body are decidedly more brownish than those in M. p. subundulata and the bars of the flanks are dusky blackish (in M. p. subundulata the bars on the flanks are pure brown). 27. Munia punctulata subundulata. Gopw. Aust. — The Spotted Munia. Munia punctularia: Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 263. Uroloncha punctulata: Williamson I p. 44. Q Koh Lak *%/11 1914. L = 110 mm.; W = 52,5 mm.; T = 42,3 mm.; C = 11,5 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. This race of the Spotted Munia was rather rare though it occured on suitable local- ities in the Siamese Malaya at least as far south as to Koh Lak where it was observed and obtained. ‘4 28. Uroloncha acuticauda squamicollis. Suarrs. o Koon Tan */: 1914. L = 113 mm.; W = 48 mm.; T = 42 mm.; C = 10,8 mm. — @ Bang Hue Pong 77/5 1914. L = 112 mm.; W = 48 mm.; T = 47 mm.; C = 11 mm. — Irides: red (¢), reddish brown (2). Bill: black, lower mandible plumbeous. Legs: blackish brown. Among the higher mountains of Northern Siam I obtained two specimens of a Munia which I have referred to U. acuticauda squamicollis, SHarPE. This species has previously only been found in Southern China, Hainan and Formosa. U. a. squamicollis which I only consider as a subspecific race of the common U. acuticauda Hopes. is separated from that bird, which I also have obtained in Siam though in more southern localities, by its much darker colouring which especially is prominent on the throat, chin and upper breast. The feathers of the foreneck and those of the lower breast are margined with rufous brown and of a scaly appearance. These feathers have faint indistinct whitish shaft-stripes. The upper parts of the body especially the forehead and the crown which are almost black, are much darker and have distinct whit- ish shaft stripes. 29. Ploceus passerinus infortunatus. Harr. — The Eastern Baya. Ploceus atrigula: Bonhote p. 67; Grant p. 69. Ploceus megarhynchus: Williamson I p. 44. @ Chieng Hai 2/, 1914. L = 120 mm; W = 62,3 mm.; T = 44 mm.; C = 12 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: yellowish brown. Legs: flesh colour. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:o 2. 29 The Eastern Baya inhabits the Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim and Burma and was also obtained in Siam though it was apparently rather rare. Like the next species it inhabits grassy plains and rice-fields and is generally seen in flocks feeding on seeds. The wing measure is a little shorter than that one recorded by Harrert (Novitates Zoologice Vol. IX. 1902 p. 578). 30. Ploceus manyar flaviceps. Less. — The Striated Weaver-bird. Ploceus manyar: Williamson I p. 44. do Chieng Hai 1/s 1914. L = 130 mm.; W = 65 mm.; T = 45 mm.; C = 14,5 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: pale brown. This subspecies of P. m. manyar Horsr. from Java was very common indeed on the large grassy plains of Upper Siam. Around the town of Chieng Hai for instance, numbers of nests belonging to this bird were being built at the time of my visit to this place at the beginning of August 1914. The nests were placed either among the high elephant grass or in some low trees. The eggs were not laid at the time of my stay there and even about three weeks later they did not contain any eggs. Fam. Fringillide. 31. Passer montanus malaccensis. Dus. — The Malay Tree-Sparrow. Passer montanus malaccensis; Gyldenstolpe I p. 41. Passer montanus: Schomburgk p. 256; Grant p. 70; Barton p. 106; Williamson I p. 44; Miller p. 386. The Malay Tree-Sparrow was very common indeed in Bangkok and in almost every town and village of Central Siam and in the Siamese Malaya. 32. Passer flaveolus. Bryra. — The Pegu House-Sparrow. Passer flaveolus: Williamson I p. 44. © Koon Tan 17/5 1914. L = 143 mm; W = 68,5 mm.; T= 59 mm; C = 10 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — Irides: white. Bill: brown. Legs: yellowish brown. The Pegu House-Sparrow is apparently very rare and only confined to the Northern parts of the country. However, WILLIAMSON records it from Bangkok, which seems to me a little doubtful. Outside Siamese territory it has been obtained in the Burmese Provinces and Karennee and it is said to occur in Cochin China. 30 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGIGAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 33. Emberiza aureola. Patt. — The Yellow-breasted Bunting. Hypocentor aureolus: Miller p. 386. Emberiza aureola: Grant p. 70; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171. 2 Chum Poo ?/5 1914. L = 136 mm.; W = 71 mm.; T = 57 mm.; C = 10 mm.; Tarsus = 19 mm. — Trides: black. Bill: brown. Legs: brown. A winter visitor to Siam. It generally goes about in small parties and is especially abundant in open country and on the rice-fields. During my stay in the Siamese Malaya I never observed it, but it probably occurs even there as it has been recorded from differ- ent parts of the Malay Peninsula. Fam. Alaudide. 34. Mirafra microptera. Humt. — The Burmese Bush Lark. Mirafra microptera: Gyldenstolpe If; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171. og Koon Tan **/, 1914. L = 140 mm; W = 78 mm.; T = 44,5 mm.; C = 12 mm. — Q Sop Tue 4/5 1914. L = 135 mm.; W = 75 mm.; T = 43 mm.; C = 11,6 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. Two specimens collected in Northern Siam ought to be referred to this species which outside Siamese Territory has previously only been obtained in Burma and Cochin China. It seems, however, to be fairly common on suitable localities in the Northern Districts. It only inhabits open jungles where the soil is sandy and where there is no undergrowth. 35. Mirafra assamica marione. Stuart Baker. — Mrs. Williamson’s Bush Lark. o Koh Lak 1/2 1914. L = 142 mm; W = 82 mm; T = 53 mm.; C = 12,5 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak 30/;, 1914. L = 133 mm.; W = 81 mm.; T = 50 mm.; C = 13 mm. — @ Koh Lak 1/12 1914. L = 186 mm.; W = 77 mm.; T = 48 mm.; C = 138 mm. — Irides: pale yellowish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. In the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club Vol. 35. Dec. 1915. Mr. E. C. Sruart Baker has described a new subspecies of a Bush-lark under the name of Mirafra assamica marione. The type specimens were obtained at Auythia a small town a few miles north of Bangkok. This new race differs from true Mirafra assamica Mc CLELL. »in being more brown and less grey above and paler below. The wings average about 75,0 mm. or about the same as in microptera against a full 84,0 in assamica». The three specimens obtained by me at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya are probably to be referred to this new race. The wing measurements, however, are a little greater than recorded by Stuart BAKER. When labelling these speci- mens I at first determined them as being M. assamica though I noted some differences in the general tone of the colouration. The family Mirafra is a very difficult one and KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. WN:0 2. 31 without a large material to compare with, it is hardly possible to identify the different races. However, my specimens fairly well agree with the description given by STUART Baker for Mirafra assamica marione, Mr. Stuart Baker has also quite recently de- scribed another new subspecies of a Bush Lark which he proposed to name after its discoverer Mirafra cantillans williamsoni (Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club. Vol. 36. N:o CCX p. 9. 1915). This new form was obtained by Mr. W.J. F. WiLramson at the neighbourhood of Bangkok where it was said to be common and a resident. According to the description this form seems to be nearest to Mirafra philippensis Warpu. Rams. from the Philip- pines. They then belong to the Group which is characterized by having the outher tail- feather almost entirely white, with the dusky mark confined to the inner web only. In my collection there are no specimens from the neighbourhood of Bangkok, viz. the type locality of this new race. The Koh Lak specimens belong to quite another group. The light pattern on the outer tail-feathers is only confined to a narrow line on the outer webs of the feathers and is of a pale rufous colour. Among the mountains of Upper Siam another species was obtained viz. Mirafra microptera HumE. This species belongs to the same group as Mirafra assamica Mc. CLELL. The new race described as Mirafra cantillans williamsoni is probably only confined to the alluvial plain surrounding the Menam Chao Phaya river, where it seems to be a resident according to Mr. WILLIAMSON who has found its nest and eggs. If it migrates in some way during the cold season is still open to question. Anyhow no specimens were obtained during my stay in the Siamese Malaya from November 1914 to the end of February 1915. Fam. Motacillida. 36. Motacilla alba leucopsis. Goutp. — The White-faced Wagtail. Motacilla alba leucopsis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 41; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171. Motacilla alba: Williamson I p. 44. When going down the Meh Ping river from Chieng Mai to Paknam Po during the first half of October 1914 the White-faced Wagtail was very common indeed along the course of the river. It either rested on the stranded teak-logs or on the numerous sandbars, and was generally seen single, though several specimens could occur quite close to each other. Also observed on the paddy-fields of Northern and Central Siam. Winter visitor only. 37. Motacilla boarula melanope. Part. — The Grey Wagtail. Motacilla boarula melanope: Gyldenstolpe I p. 41; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171. Motacilla melanope: Robinson & Kloss p. 73. Motacilla sulphurea: Miller p. 361. Q Pak Koh 1/3 1914. L=172 mm.; W = 72 mm.; T = 91 mm.; C = 12 — Bill: horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. sai ial te Fairly common during the cold season in the Northern Districts. 32 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 38. Motacilla flava taivanus. Swinn. — The Eastern Yellow Wagtail. 3S Koh Lak °/12 1914. L = 165 mm.; W = 81 mm.; T = 79 mm; C = 11 mm. — & Koh Lak 2/. 1914. L=166 mm; W=78 mm; T= 77 mm.; C = 12 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: blackish brown. This species was only obtained in the Siamese Malaya. It is a winter visitor to Siam and apparently rather rare. In the northern parts of the country Inever met with it. 39. Limonidromus indicus. Gm. — The Forest Wagtail. Limonidromus indicus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 44; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171; Williamson I p. 44; Robinson & Kloss p. 73. A single specimen of the Forest Wagtail was observed near a small creek running through a very dense uninhabited evergreen jungle three days march north of Chieng Mai, the most important town of Northern Siam. This was the only specimen met with during the whole journey why it seems to be exceedingly rare in Siam. 40. Anthus richardi malayensis. Evyron. Anthus richardi malayensis: Parrot s. 126. Anthus malayensis: Robinson & Kloss. p. 74. Corydalla malayensis: Miller p. 36. Anthus rufulus: Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 249; Williamson I p. 44; Bonhote p. 66; Grant p. 71; Gylden- stolpe IIL p. 171. & Koh Lak */1 1914. L—= 138 mm.; W = 76 mm.; T = 64 mm.; C = 13 mm. — @ Koh Lak 22/1.1914. L = 142 mm; W =77 mm.; T = 65 mm.; C = 12 mm. — @ Koh Lak "9/1, 1914. L = 150 mm.; W = 81 mm.; T = 63 mm.; C = 12 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. Rather common in the Siamese Malaya during the winter months and occuring together with Mirafra assamica marione StuaRT BaKER on the open sandy plains near the sea-shore. A female specimen shot on the 22nd of November 1914 has the penultimate tail- feather quite white on the outer web. This same specimen is also much paler on the up- per parts of the body and the feathers are margined with sandy buff; the brown spots and striations on the chest are very narrow and almost obsolete. As seen by this description the specimen thus resembles A. richardi rufulus ViEILL. from India and Ceylon which may eventually be found migrating to the Malay Peninsula and other parts of Further India. 41. Anthus richardi striolatus. BriyTtx. — Blyth’s Pipit. Anthus richardi striolatus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 42; Gyldenstolpe IH p. 171. Anthus richardi: Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 249; Williamson I p. 44. do Koon Tan *%/, 1914. L =—178 mm.; W = 91,3 mm.; T = 42,5 mm.; C = 12 mm. — Q Koon Tan *8/4 1914. L=171 mm; W= 90,2 mm; T= 72 mm. C = 11,5 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale brown. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 33 Blyth’s Pipit was not uncommon on the plains of Upper Siam during the cold season. In the Siamese Malaya it was never met with but replaced by A. richardi malay- ensis Eyton. Anthus richardi striolatus is very similar to the typical A. richardi but is distinguished by its smaller size. Especially the bill is much shorter in A. r. striolatus which also has the claw of the hind toe slightly shorter. Fam. Nectarinide. 42. Aethopyga dabryi. J. Verr. — Dabry’s Yellow-backed Sun-bird. @ Koon Tan 4/9 1914. L = 94 mm.; W = 45 mm.; T = 34 mm.; C = 16 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: brownish black. Legs: dark brown. This species seems to be very rare in Siam and is probably only confined to the higher mountains. As the single female specimen I obtained was shot by my native collector, I have nothing especial to remark about this species. 43. Arachnechthra asiatica. Lato. — The Purple Sun-bird. Arachnechthra asiatica: Gyldenstolpe I p. 43. & Koh Lak 4*/i2 1914. L=106 mm; W = 54 mm; T = 34 mm; C = 15 mm. — J Koh Lak 19/2 1914. L = 105 mm.; W = 52 mm.; T = 85 mm.; C = 15,5 mm. — ff Koh Lak 74/11 1914. L = 105 mm.; W = 55,5 mm.; T= 85 mm; C = 15,2 mm. — ff Koh Lak /11 1914. L = 100 mm; W = 52,5 mm.; T = 34 mm.; C = 16 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. Rather common both in Upper Siam and down in the Siamese Malaya but never in evergreen jungles. It occurs in more open scrub jungle, in or near gardens and culti- vated land. It is a very familiar bird. Two young males from Koh Lak have the blue metallic colour confined to a line on the throat, and the upper plumage has only a few marked spots of metallic blue. 44, Cyrtostomus flammaxillaris. BuytaH. — The Burmese Yellow-breasted Sun-bird. Cyrtostomus flammacillaris: Miller p. 377; Robinson & Kloss p. 77; Robinson II p. 152. Nectarinia flammazillaris: Gould p. 151. Cinnyris flammacxillaris: Oustalet 1903 p. 11. Arachnechthra flammaxillaris: Flower p. 324; Williamson I p. 44; Gyldenstolpe I p. 44; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171. @ Koon Tan 5/5 1914. L = 96 mm.; W = 45 mm.; T = 29 mm; C = 16mm. — J Koh Lak */11 1914. L=93 mm; W = 49 mm.; T = 33 mm; C = 16 mm. — ¢ Bang Hue Pong *"/s5 1914. L—= 98 mm.; W = 48 mm; T = 33 mm; C = 16 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */3 1914. L = 98 mm.; W = 49 mm; T= 31 mm; C= 16,2 mm. — of juv. Koon Tan °/, 1914. L = 89 mm.; W = 49 mm.; T = 25 mm; C = 12,5 mm. — Trides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Burmese Yellow-breasted Sun-bird was most abundant in Northern Siam though it also occured in the Siamese Malaya where I obtained specimens at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Hand]. Band 56. N:o 2. 5 34 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 45. Arachnothera magna. Hopes. — The Larger Streaked Spider-hunter. Arachnothera magna: Gyldenstolpe I p. 44. do Chieng Hai *8/; 1914. = 180 mm.; W = 93 mm.; T = 57 mm.; B = 44,3 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: yellow. . , : One specimen of a Spider-hunter was shot out of a pair one morning when I crossed a pass among the hills on my way up to Chieng Hai and it is with some hesitation that I have referred it to this species. However, it is much larger than any other specimen of a Spider-hunter that I obtained either in Northwestern or in Northern Siam. The northern form, to which I believe it belongs, is separated from A. m. aurata BLYTH. by having the stripes broader both on the upper and on the lower parts of the body. 46. Arachnothera magna aurata. Brytu. — The Smaller Streaked Spider-hunter. © Koon Tan %/9 1914. L=160 mm; W = 82 mm.; T = 47,5 mm.; C = 37 mm. — ¢ Doi Par Sakeng %/; 1914. L=172 mm.; W = 87,5 mm.; T= 46 mm; C= 41 mm. — J pull. Koon Tan !"/9 1914. L=105 mm. — ¢ pull. Koon Tan “/ 1914. L = 95 mm. — Irides: brownish black. Bill: blackish. Legs: yellow. Birds from Koon Tan and Doi Par Sakeng are decidedly smaller than the specimen collected near Chieng Hai. Their wings measure 87,5 mm. (¢) and 82 mm. (@) while the Chieng Hai specimen has a wing measuring 93 mm. (J). On account of this I have referred the two smaller birds as belonging to the southern race of A. magna Hopes. The birds obtained during my former Expedition to Siam 1911—1912 and recorded under the name of A. magna Hones. ought to receive subspecific rank and must be called A. m. aurata, BLYTH. The young birds obtained at Koon Tan on the 11th of September 1914 were taken from the nest which was found in a very dense evergreen jungle. The Spider-hunters seems to be exclusively confined to the evergreen forests and during my journey they were never observed in other kind of jungles. 47. Anthreptes malacensis. Scop. — The Brown-throated Sun-bird. Anthreptes malaccensis: Gould p. 151. Anthothreptes malaccensis: Miller p. 375; Grant p. 73; Bonhote p. 65; Oustalet 1903 p. 13; Robinson & Kloss p. 76; Williamson I p. 45; Robinson II p. 152; Robinson II p. 757. A few specimens of the Brown-throated Sun-bird were observed among the hill- forests on the Tenasserim boundary Hunn my stay at Hue Sai in January 1915. 48.. Chalcoparia en Temm. — The Ruby-Cheek. Anthothreptes phenicotis: Oustalet 1903 p. 12. Chalcoparia phenicotis: Miller p. 374; Williamson I p. 45; Gyldenstolpe I p. 45; Robinson I p. 106. do Pak Koh 8/4 1914. L=85 mm; W=51,5 mm.; T = 43 mm; C = 12 mm. — @ Pak Koh %, 1914. L=97 mm; W=50 mm; T= 40 mm; C = 12 mm. — 9 Chum Poo 2/s 1914. L = 104 mm.; W = 52 mm.; T = 37, 2mm. — Trides: ¢ black. ? reddish brown. Bill: black. Legs: greenish yellow. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 35 Observed and obtained in the Northern parts of the country, where it was not un- common in shrub-jungle and at the outskirts of the deciduous forests. In the Siamese Malaya I can not remember having seen it. This was rather curious because it is stated to be distributed over the whole Malay Peninsula and Davison found it »rather com- mon in every part of Tenasserim ». During my previous journey 1911—1912 I found it common in Eastern and Central Siam but never south of Lat. N. 14° but GeRMatn records it from Cochin China though he found it rather rare. Fam. Diceide. 49. Diceum cruentatum coccinea. Scop. — The Scarlet-backed Flower-pecker. Diceun cruentatum: Gould p. 151; Muller p. 373; Grant p. 74; Bonhote p. 65; Oustalet 1903 p. 14; Flower p. 324; Robinson & Kloss p. 78; Williamson I p. 45; Gyldenstolpe I p. 46; Gyldenstolpe II; Gylden- stolpe III p. 171; Robinson II p. 152; Gairdner p. 149; Robinson III p. 755. Hartert has recently (Novitates Zoologice Vol. 17. 1910 p. 243) discussed the various forms of Dicceeum cruentatum Linn. and comes to the conclusion that there are three different subspecies viz. the typical Diceum cruentatum from India, Diceum cruentatum ignita, Brasiz. from the Malay Peninsula and Dicewm cruentatum coccinea, Scope. from Southern China and Hainan. Unfortunately Harrert does not give any measurements on these forms. HartERtT states that the last-mentioned form differs from the Indian one, which it, however, res- embles very much in having the wing-coverts steel-blue, without any purplish shade, and in having larger bills and longer wings. The race inhabiting the Malay Peninsula has the upper wing-coverts distinctly purp- lish blue and the bill is sometimes wider at base, sometimes as in the specimens from India. In the collections of the R. Nat. Hist. Museum of Stockholm there are only two specimens, one from Kuala Lumpur in Selangor and one specimen from Malacca (mounted specimens not counted) and these two have the wing-coverts purplish blue, while the Siamese birds have the upper wing-coverts steel-blue without any purplish tinge. The wings of the two male specimens from the Malay Peninsula measure 44,5 and 44,3 mm. respectively, while a male from Chum Poo in Northern Siam measures 48 mm. A female obtained at Koh Lak in Siamese Malaya must also be referred to Dicewm cruentatum coccinea, its wing measuring 46 mm. Diceum cruentatum coccinea Scor. therefore seems to inhabit Southern China, Hainan and Siam at least as far south as to Lat. N. 12° and probably Burma and certain parts of Tenasserim. Like other members of the family Dicwide the Scazlet- backed Flower-pecker was most often observed in the clumps of parasitical plants growing on other trees, and they are not easy to detect among the dense foliage. thei sharp notes, however, often de- tected them. 36 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. co’ Chum Poo 9/s 1914, 9 Koh Lak /12 1914. Total length =78 mm. Total length = 80 mm. Wing =48 » Wing =46 » Tail = 28,2 » Tail =27, » Culmen = 9 » Culmen =9 » 50. Diceum ignipectus. Hopes. — The Fire-breasted Flower-pecker. o Koon Tan *4/5 1914. T= 80mm.; W = 44,2 mm.; T= 25 mm.; C= 7,5 mm. — Iris: black. Bill: black. Legs: black. Among the Flower-peckers collected in the hill-forests near Koon Tan in Northern Siam there is a fine male specimen of this beautiful species, which has hitherto not been recorded from any part of Siam, though it has been procured a few times in Burma and Tenasserim always in high altitudes. My specimen was shot in a clumps of a parasitical plant in a mixed pine and deciduous forest at about 1400 m. elevation. In the description of this species in the »Catalogue of the Birds in the British Mu- seum» Vol. 10 p. 42 the thighs are said to be ochraceous buff but in my specimen the thighs are dusky black with some of the feathers greyish white. The chin and the upper throat are decidedly more buffy than the breast or the under tail-coverts; on the middle of the rump there is a small tuft of olivaceous green feathers of the same colour as the lower flanks. 51. Diceeum chrysorrheum. Tzemm. — The Yellow-vented Flower-pecker. Diceum chrysorrheum: Miller p. 374; Robinson & Kloss p. 78; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171; Robinson III p. 756. o Koh Lak "8/11 1914. L = 95 mm.; W = 59,6 mm.; T = 30,5 mm.; C = 10 mm. The Yellow-vented Flower-pecker seems to be fairly rare though generally distrib- uted over the whole country and has been obtained by me both in the Northern parts of Siam and in the Siamese Malaya. Outside Siamese Territory it has been found in Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Manipur, Burma, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. 52. Diczeeum minullum olivaceum. Watp. — The Plain-coloured Flower-Pecker. Dicceum olivaceum: Gyldenstolpe I p. 46. dS Koon Tan '/5 1914. L=76 mm; W = 45 mm; T = 23,5 mm.; C = 8 mm. — @ Koon Tan 51/5 1914. L=75 mm; W = 44,6 mm; T = 25 mm.; C = 9 mm. — £ Koon Tan ®4/, 1914. L=80 mm; W = 46 mm.; T == 25 mm.; C = 9 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan **/y 1914. L = 78 mm; W = 46 mm.; T = 24 mm; C=9 mm. — @ Koon Tan 1/5 1914. L = 76 mm.; W = 42 mm.; T = 23 mm; C = 8 mm. — Trides: black. Bill: pale brown with black tip. Legs: plumbeous. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 37 In the collection there are five specimens of this small and plain-coloured bird, all obtained in the hill-forests at Koon Tan. Like other members of the present family this Flower-pecker was mostly seen in the clumps of the parasitical plants growing on other trees. The Plain-coloured Flower- pecker is probably fairly common in the Northern parts of the country, though it very easy escapes notice on account of its small size and plain-colouring. A near relative Dicewm minullum, Swinu. inhabits the island of Hainan. It is smaller than D. m. olivacewm but has, according to HarTeErt, a brighter colouring on the upper surface, especially on the head. The flanks are also more yellowish olive and the bill is decidedly larger. Another allied form D. solicitans Hart. inhabits Java where it seems to be rather rare. In the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum of Stockholm there are two specimens of this bird, which exactly agree with the description in the literature. 53. Piprisoma modestum. Hume. — Hume’s Flower-pecker. Piprisoma modestum: Robinson & Kloss p. 79. Piprisoma squalidum: Gyldenstolpe IL; Gyldenstolpe III p. 171. Piprisoma modestum modestum: Robinson III p. 756. do Koon Tan '/, 1914. L = 88 mm.; W = 56 mm.; T = 28,5 mm.; C = 7 mm. — Bill: plumbeous grey. Legs: black. A single male specimen of Hume’s Flower-pecker was obtained among the Koon Tan Hills. Both in size and colouration it is very similar to Piprisoma squalidum Burton. which also inhabits the Burmese countries. It is, however, according to SHARPE, sepa- rated from this last-mentioned form by having the four outer tail-feathers tipped with white while in P. squalidum only the two outer tail-feathers are tipped with white. Fam. Sittide. 54. Sitta cinnamoventris. Biryra. — The Cinnamon-bellied Nuthatch. Sitta cinnamoventris: Gyldenstolpe I p. 27; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166. o Pak Koh 15/5 1914. L—=132 mm; W = 81 mm.; T = 43 mm.; C = 19 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. Apparently a very rare species. Nuthatches were only observed in the deciduous hill-forests of Northern Siam and they were always very scarce except Dendrophila frontalis Swatns. which was rather com- mon in suitable localities. The Cinnamon-bellied Nuthatch was, however, also obtained by me during my pre- vious Expedition to Siam 1911—1912. Outside Siamese Territory it inhabits the Hima- layas, Assam, Manipur and Upper Burma. 38 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Like ‘the other members of the family this species was generally seen in small par- ties together with Sitta neglecta Waup. and Dendrophila frontalis, Swarns. 55. Sitta neglecta. WaLp. — The Burmese Nuthatch. Sitta neglecta: Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. . do Koon Tan */5 1914. L=95 mm; W = 79,2 mm.; — gf Koon Tan %; 1914. L = 135 mm.; W = 77,3 mm; T = 44,3 mm; C= 15 mm. — § Koon Tan 4/5 1914. L = 125 mm; W = 81,3 mm.; T = 43,2 mm; C= 15 mm. — § Doi Par Sakeng 7%, 1914. L=128 mm.; W = 78,2 mm.; T = 43 mm.; C = 16 mm. — Irides: greyish brown. Bill: blackish brown. Legs: plumbeous. The Burmese Nuthatch is sparsely distributed over the Northern parts of the country. It was nowhere common but some specimens were seen together with Sitta cinnamoventris BLyTH in the deciduous dry forests. 56. Dendrophila frontalis. Swarns. — The Velvet-fronted Blue Nuthatch. Dendrophila frontalis: Miller p. 372. Sitta frontalis: Oustalet 1903 p. 7; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. Sox Locality Date Length Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. fon Koon Tan 13/9 1914 115 74 43 11,5 12 J Koon Tan 29/5 1914 112 73,5 42,7 12,5 11,6 fom Koon Tan 5/5 1914 122 71 39 12 ll o Doi Par Sakeng |": 1914] 115 15 42 13 12,2 2 Pak Koh 18/3 1914 110 74,2 41 13 13 2 Koon Tan 29/, 1914 118 72,5 43 13,1 12 2 Bang Hue Pong | *%/s 1914 121 73 42,5 13 13 Tris: Yellow (ad.); vinaceous grey (young). Bill: Orange red with black tip (ad.); black (young). Fairly common in the deciduous hill-forests of Northern Siam; sometimes though more seldom at the outskirts of the evergreen jungles. When observed it generally was in small parties of about 4 to 6 individuals which were busy searching the tree- trunks for insects and giving their presence known by a note, beeing best explained by »chik-chik » repeated several times. The colour of the underparts seem to vary rather much and birds shot in July and September have a much more vinaceous-blue under surface than birds shot in March to May. The young birds have the bills quite black; the irides vinaceous grey; the abdomen pale cinnamon and the under tail-coverts whitish buff barred and tipped with cinnamon. A bird, shot at Koon Tan on the 29th of May, and still showing traces of beeing immature in the barring of the under tailcoverts, is of rather a remarkable colour beeing pale vinaceous blue on the whole upper parts of the body, this colour being exactly like the colouring of the under parts of the body in freshly moulted birds; the black frontal band is not so prominent as in other specimens. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIFNS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 39 The dimensions of the tails in the Siamese specimens are considerably greater (with the exception of one male) than the measures given by HeLimayr (Tierreich Vol. 18 p. 194) who gives the tails as measuring from 37 to 40 mm., and in the key to the Genus in Wytsman’s Genera Avium part. 16 p. 13, the same author says that the tails in Dendrophila frontalis and its subspecies never exceed 40 mm. The central tail-feathers in my specimens are without any black marks, being al- most bluish grey. Fam. Paride. 57. Melanochlora sultanea < flavocristata. — The Sultan Bird. Melanochlora sultanea: Gairdner p. 148; Grant p. 76; Miller p. 372. Melanochlora flavocristata: Robinson & Kloss p. 70; Robinson III p. 108. Melanochlora sultanea flavocristata: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166. Sex Locality Date | Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. a Pak Koh *8/3 1914 190 104 95 13 18,5 rofl Koon Tan 29/5 1914 196 lll 102 13 20 roe Pak Koh 8/4 1914 190 111 95 13 20 (of Pak Koh 20/3 1914 186 108 7 13 19,5 rol Pak Koh 18/3 1914 185 106 96 13 20 ou Doi Par Sakeng | '%/r 1914 177 106 95 12,5 18 Trides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. The specimens of the Sultan Bird obtained in Northern and Northwestern Siam are almost intermediate between the typical M. sultanea and the southern race M. flavo- cristata LAFR. This last-mentioned race inhabits the central parts of Siam. WM. s. flavocristata only differs from the typical M. sultanea in being smaller. Hetimayr (Tierreich Vol. 18 p. 31) gives the wings in J as measuring 100—107 mm. in the southern form, while the northern form have wings measuring 110—115 mm. according to the same author. As seen by the measurements taken on the birds in my collection these specimens are practically intermediate between the two forms, which probably meet in the North of Siam. Down in the Siamese Malaya I never observed this species: As a rule the Sultan Birds associate with Bulbuls and were generally found in small parties together with these birds. Fam. Laniide. 58. Lanius tigrinus. Drap. — The Thick-billed Shrike. & Koon Tan */s 1914. L = 175 mm; W = 84 mm.; T = 78 mm.; C = 14 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: brownish grey. 40 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. The Thick-billed Shrike which has previously not been recorded from Siam in- habits the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and China north to Corea. Though I observed several specimens among the mountanous regions of Northern Siam I only shot a single male specimen. It is in full plumage and probably a very old bird because there are no traces of any barring on the flanks or sides of the body. On the outer tail-feathers there is only a very small white tip and a V-shaped blackish brown subterminal mark. 59. Lanius hypoleucus siamensis. GyLDrNnstoLtPr.’ — The Siamese Shrike. Plate 2. fig. 1. Lanius colluroides: Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. do Pong Pa Oh. **/s 1914. L = 200 mm.; W = 89 mm.; T = 102 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. — 9 Koh Lak 1/12 1914. I. = 169 mm.; W = 85,5 mm.; T = 95,5 mm.; C = 12 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. — 1 ad. Koon Tan 1914. W = 84 mm.; T = 91 mm.; C = 12,5 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: black. This species was fairly common at the outskirts of the forests and in the shrub- jungles of Northern Siam but it also occured in the Siamese Malaya where one fine specimen in full plumage was obtained on the 17th of December 1914 and constitutes the type of this new subspecies. Description: Fore part of crown black, gradually passing over into the dark grey of the hind neck, nape and upper back; rest of the back, rump and upper tail coverts deep chestnut; feathers above the eye and ear-coverts deep black; lores and a line at the base of the bill pure white; quills and wing-coverts dark brown, the latter as well as the secondaries broadly margined with rufous brown; basal part of the inner primaries white, which colour dimishes in extent on the outer primaries, though forming a speculum; the four middle pairs of the tail-feathers blackish brown with white tips, which are very narrow on the two central pairs increasing in size on the next two pairs; the outermost two pairs almost white with only a blackish brown colour on the immediate neighbour- hood of the shafts which are pure black; quills below dusky and with a large white patch; throat pure white; rest of under parts creamy white with a rufous tinge on the flanks; thighs white with black bases to the feathers; wing lining pure white. 60. Lanius nigriceps longicaudatus. Govu_p. — The Siamese Black-headed Shrike. Lanius nigriceps longicaudatus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 31. Lanius longicaudatus: Gould p. 151. Lanius nigriceps: Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 89; Schomburgk p. 256; Finsch & Conrad p. 352; Oustalet 1903 p. 24; Gairdner p. 149. Not uncommon on the great alluvial plain of Central Siam. Outside Bangkok it also occurred and single specimens were often seen perching on a fence-post or on some low tree or bush. It has a harsh note which, however, is seldom heard, generally only when the bird has been frightened in some way. 1 Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. No. 2 p. 28. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 41 61. Otomela cristata. Linn. — The Brown Shrike. Lanius cristatus: Williamson I p. 43; Robinson & Kloss p. 69; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167; Grant p. 77. & Chum Poo *% 1914. L = 190 mm. W = 87 mm.; T= 89 mm.; C = 14 mm. — J Koh Lak 21/; 1915. L = 177 mm.; W = 85 mm.; T = 88 mm. — Irides: dark brown, Bill: black. Legs: brownish black. Probably only a migratory bird to Siam where it is found, though always rare, both in the Northern parts of the country and in the Siamese Malaya. A specimen shot as late as on the 2nd of May 1914 near Chum Poo, a small place in the Meh Tha valley south-east of Chieng Mai, may possibly indicate that it even breeds in Northern Siam. This specimen is in full summer plumage with the under parts of a very distinct buff colour, and the white supercilium is very well-marked. The other specimen, also a male, has still some crossbars on the flanks and on the lower breast, and the buff colour on the under parts of the body is only faintly indi- cated, these parts being almost white. Another specimen — a young female — has the rump feathers barred with dark brown. Even the cheeks are also barred, as well as the breast and the under parts of the body, leaving only the middle of the belly and the under tail-coverts unbarred. Fam. Prionopide. 62. Hemipus picatus. Sykes. — The Black-backed Pied Shrike. Hemipus picatus: Miller p. 363; Robinson & Kloss p. 69; Gyldenstolpe I p. 32; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167; Ro- binson I p. 108. dew Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen mm. mm mm mm oa Koon Tan | 79/5 1914 136 59 61,5 11,2 Q Koh Lak 27111914 | 130 59 60 12 Q Koon Tan 28/5 1914 135 60 61,6 11,5 oa Koon Tan | #/o 1914} .128 61,5 61,5 12,1 roa Pa Hing 41914] 126 60,5 59 12 a Koon Tan | ™/51914| 130 64,5 62 il oe Pak Koh 16/41914] 130 63 60 11 Q Pak Koh 15/,1914 | 123 62,6 59,5 11,8 Trides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. Commonly distributed in scrub-jungle in the North of Siam. It also occured, though not quite as common, at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya. Even as far south as in Bandon and in some other places further south in the Malay Penin- sula this species has been met with, but south of these places and on the Sunda Islands it is replaced by the allied Hemipus obscurus Horse. which is characterized by the lacking of a white bar along the wing. K. BV. Vet, Akad. Handl. Band 56. No 2. cr 42 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 63. Tephrodornis pondicerianus. Gm. — The Common Wood-Shrike. Tephrodornis pondicerianus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 32; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168. od Koon Tan %/, 1914. L = 162 mm; W = 85,2 mm.; T = 65 mm; C = 16 mm. — @ Koon Tan 13/, 1914. L=156 mm.; W = 84 mm.; T = 65 mm.; C = 15 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. This Wood Shrike was rather rare in the parts of the country visited by the Ex- pedition and only two specimens were obtained during the whole journey. When observed they were in company with Minivets. 64. Tephrodornis pelvicus. Hopas. — The Nepal Wood-Shrike. Tephrodornis pelvicus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 32; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168. do Koon Tan */, 1914. L = 200 mm.; W = 114 mm.; T = 87 mm.; C = 18,5 mm. — ¢ Pa Hing /, 1914. L = 218 mm.; W = 114 mm.; T = 86 mm; C=19 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 1%; 1914. L = 212 mm.; W = 117 mm.; T = 87,5 mm.; C = 18,5 mm. — J Doi Par Sakeng %/; 1914. L = 205 mm.; W = 116 mm.; T = 96 mm.; C = 19 mm. — 6 Koon Tan °/s 1914. L = 206 mm.; W = 116 mm.; T = 85 mm.; C = 20 mm. — Koon Tan 2/, 1914. = 203 mm.; W = 111 mm.; T = 87,5 mm.; C = 20,5 mm. — @ Koon Tan %%/5 1914. L == 195 mm; W = 112 mm.; T = 82 mm.; C = 20 mm. — Irides: yellowish brown. Bill: blackish brown. Legs: plumbeous. The Nepal Wood-Shrike was rather abundant in the Northern and Northwestern parts of the country. In the Siamese Malaya it was never observed during my journey though this species or the southern 7. gularis RAFFL. may occur. The immature birds are somewhat differing from the adult in having the feathers of the back and the wing-coverts tipped with pale brownish white, and with a sub- terminal black bar. The secondaries are also tipped with pale brownish white but the sub- terminal black bar is wanting and there is also a well-marked brownish white edge on the outer webs of these feathers. The tail-feathers are dusky brown tipped and margined with brownish white. The irides are greyish yellow instead of yellowish brown in adult specimens, and the bill is pale brown instead of blackish brown. 65. Platylophus ardesiacus. Cas. — The Jay-Shrike. Platylophus ardesiacus: Robinson & Kloss Pp. 69; Robinson I p. 109. ¢ Hat Sanuk 18/2 1915. L = 265 mm.; W = 141 mm.; T = 126 mm.; C = 22 mm.; Tarsus = 30,5 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. A small party of this pretty bird, which has previously not been found out of the Malay Peninsula, were observed in a damp evergreen forest near Hat Sanuk in Siamese Malaya on the 18th of February 1915. It is a very restless bird which is always on the move flying from tree to tree utter- ing its peculiar note which consists of a whistling uttered in three tones. When resting on a branch it keeps its long crest erect while it constantly bows and turns the body in all directions. It is rather a shy bird and difficult to approach in the tangle of vegetation. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 5§. N:O 2. 43 In any other parts of the country it was never observed. The colour of the upper parts of the body is rather variable as seen by a series in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm. In old birds the underparts of the body are very dark slaty black without traces of the white bars which are very con- spicuous in young birds. Immature specimens have the primaries dark rufous brown with orange brown shafts to the primaries and secondaries, and the back is olive brown and not greyish as stated by Extior. In old birds the primaries and the secondaries are dusky black with an olivaceous brown shade on the outer webs. The shafts of the primaries and secondaries are black. The white spots above and below the eye seems to be larger and more prominent in the Hat Sanuk specimen than in specimens from the southern parts of the Malay Peninsula. Fam. Artamide. 66. Artamus fuscus. Vier. — The Ashy Swallow-Shrike. Artamus fuscus: Gould p. 151; Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 91; Gairdner p. 149. ; dex Looality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ig Koh Lak 79711914 161 126 | 56. 15 13 9 Koh Lak 3/111914 155 131 57 16 12,5 ' Q@ |; Chieng Sen | °/s 1914 178 128 62 - 16 14,2 o |, Chieng Sen 5/8 1914 180 132 62 17 , 13,5 Q | Chieng Sen | %%s 1914 175 128 62 17,5 12,8 Irides: brown or black. Bill: bluish, black tip. Legs: black. The first time I observed this Swallow-Shrike was near Chieng Sen, where a large flock had settled down in a bamboo-clump on the bank of the Mekong river. From their resting place they now and then made aerial evolutions, though always returing to the same place again where the whole party was perching quite close to each other like some kind of weaver-birds. At the neighbourhood of Koh Lak they were also obtained, though apparently more rare here than up in the Northern parts of the country. Here they haunted open sandy plains, resting on the branches of dead trees or on telegraph wires. At the environs of Bangkok I never observed them, but from that locality they have been recorded. by WILLIAMSON and other authors. Fam. Sylvide. 67. Arundinax aédon. Paty. — Pallas’s Reed-Warbler. Luseiniola aédon: Gyldenstolpe:I p. 29; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. Arundinax aédon: Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 86. 44 WNILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. f Koon Tan */, 1914. L=182 mm.; W = 77 mm; T = 90 mm.; C = 14 mm. — ¢ Sop Tue 24/, 1914. L = 182 mm; W = 78 mm.; T = 93 mm; C = 14 mm. — Jf Koh Lak 8/1 1915. L = 176 mm; W=75 mm.; T= 88 mm.; C = 14 mm. — Irides; brown. Bill: upper mandible horn colour, lower mandible yellowish white. Legs: plumbeous. Pallas’s Reed Warbler is only a winter visitor to Siam and not very abundant. During the whole journey only three specimens were observed and they were all found in scrub jungles at the neighbourhood of water. 68. Sutoria sutoria. Forst. — The Indian Tailor-Bird. Orthotomus sutorius: Flower p. 322; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 84. do Koon Tan 15/, 1914. L = 131 mm.; W = 41,6 mm; T = 65,5 mm.; C = 12 mm, — J Doi Par Sakeng }"/; 1914. L = 100 mm.; W = 41,2 mm.; T = 47,5 mm.; C = 12 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak /t2 1914. L=115 mm; W = 42,5 mm; T= 47,3 mm; C=12 mm. — Q@ Koh Lak "4/12 1914. L = 99 mm; W = 41 mm.; T = 40 mm.; C = 12,2 mm. — Irides: light brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. The Indian Tailor Bird was frequently met with on suitable localities over the whole of Siam and it extends down the Malay Peninsula too. Here it was not uncommon at least as far south as to Koh Lak in Lat. N. 12°. Further south another allied form occurs, Sutoria maculicollis Moors, and this species is separated from typical S. sutoria Forst. by its white ear-coverts. This species may also probably be found in the southern parts of the Siamese Malaya. In Northern Siam the Indian Tailor Birds inhabited the bamboo jungles and the grassy plains. At the neighbourhood of Doi Par Sakeng a nest containing two fresh eggs was found on the 22nd of July 1914. The eggs were of a bluish green colour, boldly marked with spots of brownish red these spots being most numerous at the thickest end. They 16,4 x 16,4 mm. foll . measure as follows Tse lle ce. 69. Franklinia rufescens poliocephala. ANDERs. o Koon Tan '/p 1914. L = 99 mm; W= 40 mm.; T = 41 mm; C = 11 mm. — Q Koon Tan 8, 1914. L=—97 mm; W = 40 mm.; C = 11 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. Two specimens of this race were obtained on a grassy plain at the neighbourhood of Koon Tan. The habits of this Grass Warbler are quite the same as those of the next species. 70. Franklinia rufescens beavani. Wap. — Beavan’s Wren-Warbler. Franklinia rufescens: Robinson & Kloss p. 67. do Sop Tue *8/, 1914. L = 92 mm.; W = 40 mm.; T = 43 mm.; C = 10 mm.; Tarsus = 17 mm. — © Sop Tue */s 1914. L = 95 mm; W = 40 mm.; T = 40 mm.; C = 10 mm.; Tarsus = 18 mm. — ‘ Koon Tan #2/9 1914. L = 102 mm.; W = 41 mm.; T = 46. — Irides: brown. Bill: dark horn colour. Legs flesh colour. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 45 Among the birds collected in Northern Siam there are two specimens shot at Sop Tue and one male from Koon Tan which I consider as belonging to this form of I’. rufe- scens. The differences between F. r. beavani WALD. and F. r. poliocephala ANDERS. are, however, very slight, the former race being characterized by the presence of a white eye- brow which is absent in the last-mentioned form. This Grass Warbler was not uncommon throughout the open grassy plains of North- ern Siam and it even occured among the undergrowth—chiefly consisting of grass — of the lower hill-forests. It was generally seen in small parties and the tiny little birds are very noisy keeping up a twittering note which may be generally heard in such localities which are suitable for this bird. 71. Phylloscopus fuscata fuscata. BuytH. — The Dusky Willow-Warbler. Phylloscopus fuscatus: Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 86. od Koon Tan %%; 1914. L = 125 mm.; W = 62 mm.; T = 54 mm.; C = 9 mm. — @ Sop Tue 4/4 1914. L=112 mm.; W = 56 mm.; T = 50 mm.; C = 9 mm. — Irides: brownish black. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale brown. According to WiLLiamson (Journ. Siam. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. I N:o 2 p. 87) the Dusky Willow-Warbler »is fairly common» in the gardens of Bangkok during the cold season. In Northern Siam, however, it was rather rare, and I only collected two speci- mens, both shot at the end of April. This species is found among low bushes and trees especially in scrub jungles. Fhe, fate ¢ 72. Phylloscopus borealis borealis. Bras. — The Arctic Willow-Warbler. Phylloscopus borealis: Robinson & Kloss p. 65; Grant p. 76; Robinson II p. 150. Acanthopneuste borealis; Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 87. Phylloscopus borealis borealis: Robinson III p. 754. o& Koh Lak "11 1914. L—=113 mm.; W = 60 mm.; T = 45 mm.; C = 10 mm; Tarsus = 17 mm. — Jrides: brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale brown. A single male specimen of the Arctic Willow Warbler was obtained at Koh Lak on the 27th of November 1914. Winter visitor only. 73. Phylloscopus nitidus plumbeitarsus. Swinu. — Middendorff’s Willow-Warbler. Phylloscopus nitidus plumbeitarsus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 29. Acanthopneuste plumbeitarsus: Williamson I p. 43. od Koh Lak “/i2 1914. = 103 mm.; W = 58 mm.; T = 43 mm; C = 8 mm. — & Koh Lak fy 1914. L = 100 mm.; W = 56 mm.; T = 42,5 mm.; C = 8 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horny brown. Legs: brown. During my stay at Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya I obtained two specimens of Middendorff’s Willow Warbler, which only is wintering in Siam. 46 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 74. Phylloscopus tennellipes. Swiyu. — The Pale-legged Willow-Warbler. Phylloscopus tennellipes: Robinson III p. 755. o Den Chai 8/2 1912. L = 95 mm.; W = 55,5 mm.; T == 44 mm.; C = 8 mm; Tarsus = 16 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale brownish yellow. When writing my former account of the Birds of Siam (Kungl. Svenska Veten- skapsakademiens Handlingar Band 50. N:o 8. 1912) I omitted to record a specimen of Phylloscopus tennellipes Swinu. which I shot near Den Chai in Northern Siam. Fam. Turdide. 75. Geocichla citrina. Lara. — The Orange-headed Ground-Thrush. Geocichla citrina: Robinson & Kloss p. 63; Gairdner p. 149. & Koh Lak Paa "/12 1914. L = 190 mm.; W = 107 mm.; T = 65,5 mm.; C = 18 mm.; Tarsus = 30 mm. — @ Koh Lak 1/2 1914. L = 185 mm.; W =.106 mm.; T = 68 mm.; C = 18 mm.; Tarsus = 29 mm. —- Irides: brownish black (4) or brown (2); Legs: flesh colour. Not common in the parts of the country visited by the Expedition and only two specimens were obtained in the Siamese Malaya. The male was shot on the slopes of a mountain near the Tenasserim boundary and the female on a limestone mountain, densely covered with evergreen jungle and situated quite close to the sea-shore. As a rule this species keeps on the ground only moving up in a tree when being dis- turbed in some way. It is not very shy but still rather difficult to obtain on account of its retiring habits. The female is much paler-coloured than the male and has the upper back and scapulars suffused with olive-green. 76. Geocichla innotata. Buyra. — The Malay Ground-Thrush. Geocichla innotata: Robinson & Kloss p. 63; Robinson III p. 752: & Koon Tan. W = 115 mm.; T= 72 mm.; C = 19 mm.; Tarsus = 28 mm. Rather astonishing is that a specimen of the Malay Ground Thrush was shot by Mr. E. E1s—ENHOFER’s native collector as far north as at Koon Tan, where the other allied form G. citrina Lary. more probably ought to have been found. But the Koon Tan specimen does not show any sign of the white tips to the median wing-coverts which is the main point of difference between these two related forms. The two specimens ob- tained in the Siamese Malaya have very marked white tips on the median wing-coverts and therefore clearly belong to G. citrina Latu., if this really is a distinct species and not only a seasonal variation. However, I have used both these names until more material from different seasons and localities have been carefully examined. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 47 77. Turdus aureus angustirostris. GylLDENSTOLPY.’ Oreocincla dauma; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. d Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 145 mm.; T = 118 mm.; C = 21 mm.; Tarsus = 32 mm. — 1 ad. Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 146 mm.; T = 106 mm.; C = 21 mm.; Tarsus = 32 mm. Similar to T'urdus aureus horsfieldi Br. but the black tips to the feathers of the upper parts of the body and of the abdomen much larger and the whole colouration paler. Like 7. a. horsfieldi the tail also consists of 14 feathers but the wing formula is somewhat different. In the new form the second primary falls between the fifth and the sixth, the fourth being the longest. Another allied form has been described by RicHMonD under the name of Oreocichla horsfieldi affinis. The type locality for this form was Trang in Lower Siam. According to Ricumonp the second primary falls between the third and fourth and the third primary is the longest. The bill is said to be smaller than in typical horsfieldi and the wing longer, viz. 142 mm. As seen by the measurements given above, the new form has still longer wings than O. h. affinis. The tail is also much longer and the bill and tarsus shorter. This new form was only obtained among the mountains near Koon Tan and it was by no means common. 78. Turdus obscurus. Gm. — The Dark Ouzel. Turdus obscurus: Robinson & Kloss p. 64; Robinson III p. 753. Merula obscura: Miller p. 357. 3 Hue Sai 17/1 1915. L=215 mm. W = 120 mm.; T= 88 mm.; C= 17,2 mm.; Tarsus = 28 mm. — Iridis: brown. Bill: yellowish brown. Legs: pale brown. The Dark Ouzel was only observed near Hue Sai, a small creek running from the hills bordering Tenasserim and Siam on about Lat. N. 11° 50’. Even here it was rare and only a few specimens were met with. They occured in a very thick and almost impenetrable brush-jungle and were rather shy. When disturbed in some way, they at once dived down into the tangle of vegetation though appearing soon again to have a look at the disturber. This species seems to be a common cage-bird among the natives both in Bangkok and in the villages on the Peninsula. It is only found in Siam, the Malay Peninsula, Southern China, the Sunda Islands and the Philippines during the winter months, having its breeding places in Siberia. 79. Monticola cyanea. Linn. — The Western Blue Rock-Thrush. Monticola cyanea: Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. Petrophila cyanus: Williamson I p, 44. Petrocincla affinis: Gould p. 151. 1 Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. No. 2 p. 28. 48 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. S Koh Lak "/i 1914. L = 205 mm.; W = 117 mm.; T = 85 mm.; C = 18 mm. — J Koon Tan 1914. W = 120 mm.; T = 88 mm.; C = 17 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: black. This species, as well as the next one, was not uncommon in Siam during the winter months. They were mostly observed high up among the mountains and sometimes very shy and difficult to get into a proper range. Sometimes they were, however, rather tame and rested on the roofs of the houses and bungalows. 80. Monticola solitarius philippensis. P. L. 8S. Mitt. — The Eastern Blue Rock-Thrush. Monticola solitarius philippensis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 40; Robinson III p. 752; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. Monticola solitaria: Miller p. 357. Petrophila solitaria: Robinson & Kloss p. 64; Williamson I p. 44. © Pak Koh *4/3 1914. L = 206 mm.; W = 119 mm.; T = 88 mm.; C = 21 mm.; Tarsus 25,5 mm. — Trides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: brownish black. In habits the Eastern Blue Rock-Thrush resembles M. cyanea, LINN. and it was also found on the same localities. The specimen obtained is somewhat intermediate between MV. s. philippensis and M. s. pandoo Sykes. The Eastern Blue Rock-Thrush breeds in South Eastern Siberia, Manchuria, Eastern China, Corea, Japan and Formosa and is only found in Siam during the cold season. 81. Monticola gularis. Swinn. — The White-throated Rock-Thrush. Monticola gularis: Robinson III p. 752. & Koon Tan. W = 98 mm.; T = 75 mm.; C = 15 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. A single specimen of the White-throated Rock-Thrush was obtained by Mr. EIsEn- HOFER’s native collector among the Koon Tan Hills. This species is only a migratory bird to Siam and has previously been found once in Cambodia and once according to Harrert (Vogel der Palaarktischen Fauna, Band I, p. 673), in the Malay Peninsula. Its breeding places are situated in the Ussuri valley in Eastern Siberia, Manchuria and Northern China. My specimen agrees well with the description given by HarTErr (tom. cit. p. 673), but it has the blue feathers of the crown tipped with reddish brown, which probably only is a sign of immaturity. The tail is also longer than recorded by HaRTERT, measuring 75 mm. against HarTert’s 65—67 mm. In Harrert’s description there is probably a misprint about the length of the culmen which is stated to be 24 mm. It probably ought to be 14 mm. 82. Henicurus leschenaulti indicus. Hart. — Leschenault’s Forktail. Henicurus leschenaulti: Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. o juv. Koon Tan 1/5 1914. L = 252 mm.; W = 106,5 mm.; T = 125 mm.; C = 22 mm.; Tarsus = 29 mm. — juv. Doi Par Sakeng 1% 1914. L = 231 mm.; W = 103 mm.; T = 120 mm.; C = 21 mm; Tarsus = 29 mm. — Irides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: flesh colour. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. wN:0 2. 49 Two specimens of this somewhat rare Forktail were collected during my journey, one male at Doi Par Sakeng in Northwestern Siam and one male at Koon Tan in the Northern parts of the country. Both these specimens are immature and the white patch on the crown is totally absent, the crown being dusky black like the nape and upper back. Compared with two adult specimens of the typical H. 1. leschenaultt, VIEILL. from Java in the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm, the Siamese birds are at once distinguished in having slanting white tips to the tail-feathers instead of round ones as in H. I. leschenaultt. The Siamese specimens have fairly broad white tips to the outer secondaries thus resembling H. maculatus Vie. and H. sinensis, GouLp., though they differ from both these species by their smaller size. 83. Henicurus schistaceus. Hopas. — The Slaty-backed Forktail. Henicurus schistaceus: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. @ Doi Par Sakeng 15/7 1914. L = 205 mm.; W = 96,2 mm.; T= 111 mm.; C=18 mm. — J Doi Par Sakeng '%/; 1914. L—=203 mm; W = 94 mm; T= 112 mm; C=17 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan *9/5 1914. L=210 mm; W= 93,5 mm; T=114 mm; C= 16,5 mm. — @ Koon Tan */5 1914. L=195 mm.; W = 95,5 mm.; T = 108 mm.; C= 16 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: flesh colour. All the specimens obtained are young birds and none has the black chin and throat of the adult bird. They have no white frontal band and the head and upper back is black- ish slaty with a brownish shade on the latter; lores greyish brown mottled with white; chin, throat and breast mottled with brown, more strongly on the breast; the sides of the body brownish slaty; flanks, lower abdomen, upper- and lower tail-coverts pure white. The extent of the white tips to the secondaries seems to be very variable and in one specimen they are quite narrow and ill-defined. 84. Larvivora cyanea. Paty. — The Siberian Blue Robin. Larvivora cyanea: Robinson & Kloss p. 64; Robinson II p. 149. & Koon Tan 78/9 1914. L = 132 mm; W =75 mm.; T=61 mm.; C=11 mm.; Tarsus = 23 mm. — of Koon Tan §/5 1914. L=—145 mm.; W = 70 mm.; T = 50 mm.; C = 11 mm.; Tarsus = 23 mm. — @ Koon Tan. W=70 mm.; T= 52 mm.; C = 11 mm.; Tarsus = 24 mm, — Irides: brown. Bill: horny black. Legs: pale brown. The Siberian Blue Robin is probably a resident bird to Siam, as specimens were obtained among the Koon Tan Hills in May and September. It keeps entirely to very dense forests, among the undergrowth of which it lives. It is very retiring in its habits. Besides this, it very seldom uses its wings, why it easily escapes notice. It is a silent bird too, and I never heard it utter any call. Generally found single, more seldom in pairs. K. Sv. Vet. Akad, Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 1 50 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 85. Copsychus saularis saularis. Laru. — The Magpie-Robin. Copsychus saularis: Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 262; Flower p. 323; Gairdner p. 32; Williamson I p. 44; Barton p. 106; Gyldenstolpe I p. 39; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170; Gairdner p. 149. Copsychus musicus: Grant p. 79; Bonhote p. 63; Robinson I p. 150. Sex Lacality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. oa Koon Tan 8/4 1914 _ 97 92 18,5 28 ou Koon Tan 28/4 1914 208 97 94,5 16 28 on Ban Meh Na 24g 1914 185 95 89 18 28 fou Ban Meh Na 24/5 1914 188 95 92 17 27 2 Koon Tat 30/4 1914 202 89 88 16 26 2 Koh Lak. 28/111914 190 87 86,5 17 24 Oo juv. Koon Tan 28/4 1914 185 88 78 14 28 oo juv. Koon Tan 28/, 1914 150 76 42 11 27 Q juv. Koon Tan 28/4 1914 150 83 48 12 26 Trides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Magpie Robin inhabiting the North of Siam belongs to the same race which is found in India and Assam. It probably also occurs in the whole of Burma and Tenas- serim. From its nearest ally C. s. musicus RAFFL., which is a more southern form inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and parts of Java, itis separated by having pure white axil- laries. In C. s. musicus the axillaries are black with only a whitish tip to the feathers. The northern race seems, however, to interbreed with the southern form and the specimens obtained at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya are practi- cally intermediate and ought to be named Copsychus saularis saularis 2 musicus. 86. Kittocincla macrurus tricolor. SyKrs. -—— The Shama. Cittocincla macrura: Gyldenstolpe I p. 39; Gyldenstolpe IT; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170; Gairdner p. 32; Robinson & Kloss p. 65; Robinson I p. 108; Robinson II p. 150; Gairdner p. 149. Copsychus macrurus: Schomburgk p. 262; Miller p. 360. Cittocincla tricolor: Grant p. 79. Kittacincla macrurus macrurus: Robinson II p. 753. Sex Lovality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm mm mm. mm. mm rot Pak Koh 20/3 1914 220 89 150 14 22 roa Pak Koh 7/4 1914 250 86 155 14 22 oe Koon Tan “4/5 1914 259 94,5 153 14,5 24 fo Koon Tan Is 1914 270 93 162 15 22 roe Koon Tan 29/6 1914 256 93 159 15 22,5 KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 51 Sex Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm mm mm mm mm of Koon Tan 35 1914 250 92,5 170 13,5 21,5 ou Doi Par Sakeng | 44/7 1914 245 91 146 15 23 o juv | Doi Par Sakeng | ‘7/7 1914 202 86 105 15 22 oO’ juv Koon Tan Je 1914 148 77 62 12 21 fe} Doi Par Sakeng | !°/r 1914 215 85,5 125 16 92 g Koon Tan 5/6 1914 191 87 117 14,3 21 g Koon Tan 29/5 1914 205 86,2 106,5 15 21 ie} Koh Lak Paa 1a 1914 200 82 121 15 22 Trides: black. Bill: black. Legs: pale flesh colour. The Shama is a common bird over the whole of Siam and is found in almost every kind of jungles but perhaps particularly in bamboos. It inhabits the low-lying country as well as the hills. The race inhabiting Siam at least as far south as to Koh Lak is the same one which is found in India, Assam, Cachar, Manipur and Burma. It differs from the southern form — the typical K. m. macrurus Gm. — in being paler on the upper parts of the body. This pale colouring is especially evident in the females which are at a glance separable from the dark southern race. 87. Pratincola torquata stejnegeri. Parrot. — The Eastern Bush-Chat. Pratincola torquata stejnegeri: Parrot p. 124; Gyldenstolpe I p. 39. Pratincola maura: Williamson I p. 44. Q Ban Kia */s 1914. L129 mm; W = 64 mm.; T= 50 mm; C=10 mm. — @ Kob Lak 1/s2 1914. L=118 mm; W = 63 mm; T = 50 mm.; C = 10 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. During my journey I only collected two specimens of the Eastern Bush-Chat. One fine female was obtained near Ban Kia, a village situated among the moun- tains of Northern Siam on about Lat. N. 19° 10! and at an altitude of about 4600 feet. The other specimen — also a female — was shot near the sea-shore at Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya. The Eastern Bush-Chat most probably breeds at higher altitudes in the North of Siam. The Ban Kia-specimen was obtained on the 24th of August which seems to be a very early date if the bird had to be considered only as a winter visitor to Northern Siam. 88. Pratincola caprata bicolor. SyKes. — The Common Pied Bush-Chat. Pratincola caprata: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 170. S$ Koon Tan */, 1914. L = 124 mm; W = 68,3 mm.; T= 54 mm.; C=11 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */5 1914. L=137 mm; W= 65,5 mm; T= 55 mm.; C= 10,5 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 78/. 1914. L = 132 mm.; W = 66,5 mm; T= 56 mm; C = 11 mm. — 2 Koon Tan 12/, 1914. L= 128 mm.; W = 65 mm.; 562 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. T= 54 mm; C= 10 mm. — ¢ juv. Koon Tan 1914. W = 67,5 mm; T= 52 mm; C = 10 mm. — @ juv. Chieng Hai 1/s 1914. L—= 134 mm.; W = 66 mm.; T= 54 mm; C = 10,5 mm. — @ juv. Koon Tan 1914. W = 65 mm.; T = 54 mm.; C = 9,3 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: black. In his »Review of the Forms of Pratincola caprata. L.» STRESEMANN has shown that the race inhabiting the Indian Peninsula (north to the Himalayas) Burma and Te- nasserim ought to be separated from typical P. c. caprata LINN., on account of their larger size and their having much slender bills. This race, P. c. bicolor SyKxs, differ from its nearest ally P. c. rossorum Hart. in having the white colour of the underparts of the body only confined to the vent, while in P. c. rossorum almost the whole abdomen is white. The young females of P. c. bicolor in their first plumage are dark brown above, the feathers of the head and nape with small ferruginous apical spots, those on the mantle larger; rump and upper tail-coverts ferruginous; chin pale earty brown; throat and breast like the mantle but the ferruginous spots more closely set; the rest of the under- parts and under tail-coverts pale ferruginous brown; rectrices blackish; secondaries dusky blackish edged and tipped with ferruginous. The young male resembles the immature female but has the upper parts of the body blackish brown instead of dark brown. The white wing spot is very well-marked. 89. Oreicola ferrea harringtoni. Harr. — Harrington’s Dark-Grey Bush-Chat. Oreicola ferrea: Gyldenstolpe UI p. 170. HarrTertT has separated (Végel der Paléarktischen Fauna Band I p. 711) the Bush Chat inhabiting Moupin, Szeschuan, Fokien and Burma from the typical Oreicola ferrea Gray. on account of its having a much shorter tail. He gives the tail as measuring from 57—61,5 mm. in the Burmese race, against 63—68 mm. in the Himalayan race. The tail of the single specimen (2) I obtained during my journey measures 58,5 mm. and on account of this I have referred the Siamese bird to O. ferrea harringtoni. The length of the tail, however, seems to me to be a very vague character for creating a subspe- cies but HarTERT says that the eggs of O. ferrea harringtoni are different and in my speci- men the wing is even shorter than recorded by HARTERT, only measuring 61,3 mm. The greyish supercilium is very well marked and the upper tail-coverts are rusty brown. The specimen was shot at Koon Tan in Northern Siam by Mr. Eisenhofers native collector. Fam. Crateropodide. 90. Pomatorhinus hypoleucus tickelli. Buyts. — Tickell’s Scimitar Babbler. Pomatorhinus tickelli: Gyldenstolpe III p. 165. Koon Tan 7/p 1914. L = 253 mm.; W = 102 mm.; T = 102 mm.; C = 36 mm. — @ Koon Tan 93/9 1914. L—= 260 mm; W = 99,8 mm; T= 111 mm; C = 38 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan %9/y 1914. L = 245 mm.; W = 108 mm.; T = 108 mm.; C = 38 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan °/o 1914. L = 265 mm; W=110 mm.; T = 112 mm.; C = 41 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: whitish grey. Legs: plumbeous. *IOTJOA RI} ot Aq YA Jour U97Jo 4sour sp1Iq oY} Jo oUO pu quYpUNqe AIOA SI 41 SoouTAOIg [eI}UID puv ULOYHION oY} UL “poaresqo orem suowpoods moy e ATUO pure cred JoyyeI ‘“TaAQMOY ‘SBM JI ULosseuay, pur WIG Ueemyoq Arepunog oY} UO s}8erI0F OY} UT ‘UIBIG JO ojoyAL 94} 10A0 poynqiaystp ATUOULWIOD sv YsnIyL-SUIysneT poysodo-o71Y 4 esoureIg o"uL ‘uaeds YSIyouyq :sde'y “yORlq “[[Iq ‘per ystuMosq :sepray 7 “Wu 9g = 0 “WoL get = | Suu egt = M SUM G9Z = "T “FIG */og APT YON P — “ww 6z—9 “UU TET = L SW SET M “WU 99Z = 'T “FIGT %/z Suog ony Bueg & — ‘ww gg —o Suu Tel — J “UU ¢el = M SwuU cgz = T ‘PIGT 3/g, URL UOOy rs — uu 93 =O “WU Ze = | “ww get = M “UU 00€ = 'T “FIGT S/op WOM Wd § — “WU gg =O “WU GET = | SUM FHT = M UW OTE = "T “FIGI og YON Ad P — “wu 9g = O Suu OgI = | “uM gogT = M Su 9gg—=T “FIT Fe YON yeq P "GIT ‘d youeg -apapip snydojoona, xvynssvy “LPL “A TIT vosurqoy ‘gp. “d szeupareg ‘gg -d asuparey ‘cor -d uojeg "ag d ST6T yoreisng ‘Fo “d py odjoysuappéyg ‘qT adjoysuappAn :0g “d J adjoysuapiig -apamp xnpnsivy ‘ysniyy-surysneyT PP}S910-94IY AA BSoMBIQ OY], — ‘“ssaT ‘Tpzeip snydopoone, Xe|nIWey ‘16 ((FIGT 9%, COG WNYD) ‘ssa ‘2p4vIp snydojoons? xvjnsavy 10} 0014 BuysoN “F ‘Bia "Q[QVIIVA ST SJI9A00-I"9 94} puIyeq yoyed snoursn41ey 9} JO OZIS OY} UBAW ‘OAT[O Jo opeys Aue YNOYYIA UMOIG JSO[e Suteq suoumtToods Aur Jo euO ‘gIqvirea LoyyeI 9q 0 suLses Apo oy Jo syred roddn oy} Jo nojoo oy} Jo AqIsu9qUT OU], *poqinysip UsyM oI} B Jo SoyouRIG 1AMOT OY} UO dn Sutaow ATUO punois oy} 07 sdeoy ud}Jo SoU 47 “19Y4080} pUNo; Sutoq AT[eIOUNS STeNPIAIPUL OM} JO OU ‘syOO]} UT SIM990 JeAeU YT “WOTT4 pue MOU s10q9n 41 TOYA you oyf]-oynTF Telnoed puv ooru AOA e@ sey soroeds SIU, ‘soysniyy, SuTysneyT oy} YAM Auvdw0o ut AT[V1oues poarosqo Us PUL WIG Jo SOOUTAOIG ULOY}ION OY} UL UoUTUIOD AOA JOU SVM JOTQQVg IVPTUIIOY 8 ]JOYOLL e¢ ‘COIN ‘9G GNVG ‘“AVONTTIGNVH SNUINAGCVAV “LOA “AS “IONOY 54 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Some of the specimens in my collections, especially those from Pak Koh and Bang Hue Pong, have the flanks and sides of the body of a richer rufous colour than other specimens from southern localities thus inclining to G. l. belangert Less. They are, however, clearly referable to the Siamese race and not to the Burmese and Tenasserim race of which there is a fine series in the R. Nat. Hist. Museum of Stockholm. When making an excursion at Chum Poo on the 2nd of May I found a nest containing 4 pure white eggs. The nest was placed in a low tree and rather difficult to detect among the leaves though it was fairly large. The whole structure of the nest somewhat resembled that of our common Song Thrush. 92. Garrulax pectoralis. Govutp. — The Black-gorgeted Laughing-Thrush. Garrulax pectoralis: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164. Q Koon Tan *8/5 1914. L = 320 mm. W = 146,5 mm.; T = 144 mm.; C = 31 mm. — ¢ Doi Par Sakeng 16; 1914. L = 283 mm.; W = 140 mm.; T = 140 mm.; C = 380 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan *8/, 1914. L = 296 mm.; W = 143,56 mm.; T = 140 mm.; C = 30 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: plumbeous. The Black-gorgeted Laughing-Thrush was not quite as common as Garrulax moni- liger Hopes. with which species it was associated. The colour of the ear-coverts seems to be variable and in some of my specimens they are almost black while in other they are pure white. Like birds from Tenasserim the Siamese specimens have buff-coloured tips to the tail-feathers thus resembling the subspecific race inhabiting Hainan which has been named G.. p. semitorquata by OGILVIE Grant. This subspecies is also said to be characterized by having the outer webs of the outer primaries brownish buff instead of hoary grey. Siamese specimens seems, however, to be intermediate between the typical and the Hainan race in having the tail-feathers tipped with buff as in G. p. semitorquata but the outer webs of the outer primaries are hoary grey as in G. pectoralis. The Hainan race seems, however, to me a little doubtful but if the birds really are so much smaller as stated by Grant this form most be given a subspecific rank otherwise it only looks as being an individual variation. 93. Garrulax moniliger. Hopes. — The Necklaced Laughing-Thrush. Garrulax moniliger: Gyldenstolpe I p. 20; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164. Sax Racalieg Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. fof Koon Tan 19/9 1914 272 127 129 24 38 g Pak Koh 5/4 1914 270 125 137 23 37 x Pak Koh 20/3 1914 282 128 146 26 38 od Pak Koh ls 1914 265 126 134 25 39 Trides: yellow to yellowish red. Bill: horn colour. Legs: plumbeous grey. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 55 Harriavs (Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen, Vol. 14. 1898 p. 349) has described a species of Garrulax which inhabits Hainan under the name of G. schmackeri. This form is stated to be very similar to G. moniliger Hopes. though it differs from that species by having the tail-feathers tipped with buff instead of white; the outer webs of the outer primaries are olive brown instead of hoary grey. The buff colour of the foreneck is less bright and the rufous on the nape is also generally darker. Grant (P. Z. 8S. 1900 p. 475) records it as being smaller than typical G. moniliger and gives the wing for G. schmackeri to 4,2—4,3 inches while the wing in G. moniliger measures 4,3—5,0 inches. Two of the specimens collected at Pak Koh during April 1914 have the tail-feathers tipped with buff. But these specimens are not smaller than typical moniliger obtained at the same localitiy (their wings measure 126 and 125 mm. respectively). Two other specimens, one from this same locality and the other one from Koon Tan further north have their tail-feathers tipped with almost pure white. The Koon Tan specimen also has the rufous collar on the hind-neck decidedly paler than the other birds. It therefore seems to me that the »species» described as G. schmackeri is only based on birds in fresh plumage and that it is nothing else than typical G. moniliger. Unfortun- ately I have no Hainan specimens to compare with and am therefore unable to ascertain if the Hainan form is separable or not. A nest containing 3 pale blue eggs was found near Pak Koh on the 16th of April 28.5 < 28,5 x 27,6 mm. 1914. They measure: P19 x 21,2 x 20,7 a in a bamboo-jungle and could easily be reached from the ground. The nest was placed in a low tree with- 94. Dryonastes chinensis. Scop. — The Black-throated Laughing-Thrush. Dryonastes chinensis: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 164; Gairdner p. 148. @ Koon Tan, april 1914. W = 116 mm.; T = 122 mm.; C = 21,5 mm.; Tarsus = 34 mm. The Black-throated Laughing-Thrush was very rare in the parts of Siam visited during my journey. It was only observed at two different occasions: once in company with some of the other kind of Laughing Thrushes in a dense valley among the Koon Tan mountains; the second time two specimens were seen in an orchard just outside the town of Chieng Hai in Upper Siam. The specimen from Koon Tan is quite typical. 95. Dryonastes strepitans. Briyta. — Tickell’s Laughing Thrush. Garrulax strepitans: Gyldenstolpe III p. 164. 200. 1 ad. Koon Tan 1914. W = 130 mm.; T == 126 mm.; C = 24 mm.; Tarsus == 39 mm. — 701. 1 ad. Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 127 mm.; T = 131 mm.; C = 24,5 mm.; Tarsus = 39 mm. — Iris: red. Bill: black, Legs: black. This finé species has only, as far as I know, been recorded from the Mooleyit moun- tain in Tenasserim, where both TIcKELL and Davison met with it from 3000 feet to the summit. My specimens which were obtained in a very dense and thickly wooded valley 56 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. in the Koon Tan mountain range, agree perfectly well with the descriptions of this species only differing in having the bills a little shorter than recorded and in showing a slight variation as to the intensity of the colours. Specimen No. 701, which probably is a female, has the black frontal band rather narrow; the ochraceous brown of the head almost reaching to the base of the bill. The pale grey feathers on the upper back are tipped with ochraceous brown and the throat is very dark reddish brown and certainly not chocolate brown as in the other specimen. Behind the eye there is a fairly large naked patch being black in the dried skin. Fam. Timeliide. 96. Gampsorhynchus torquatus. Humz. — The Ring-necked Shrike-Babbler. Gampsorhynchus torquatus: Gyldenstolpe III p. 165. do Koon Tan */5 1914. L = 225 mm.; W = 90 mm.; T = 116 mm.; B = 21 mm.; Tarsus = 26 mm. — 1 ad. Koon Tan **/5 1914. L =@33 mm.; W = 93 mm.; T = 118 mm.; B = 21 mm.; Tarsus = 27 mm. — of Koon Tan **/5 1914. L = 210 mm.; W = 92 mm.; T = 120 mm.; B = 20 mm.; Tarsus = 28 mm. — Trides: yellow. Bill: white. Legs: whitish grey. This fine bird was only observed in a fairly thick bamboo-jungle in a narrow valley among the Koon Tan mountains in Northern Siam. At this place and nowhere else a small flock was met with at two different occasions. The birds were mostly seen in the bamboos, now and then descending to the ground. They were fairly restless and always on the move, though they probably inhabited quite a small area of land because the sur- rounding jungles were of quite a different type being mostly damp evergreen forests. In such kinds of forests they were never observed by me though BineHam records them from evergreen forests. The Siamese specimens agree well with the descriptions in the literature and I only want to remark that the brown colour of the feathers on the occiput and nape is deeper brown than the colour of the rest of the feathers on the upper parts of the body. 97. Pellorneum subochraceum. Swinu. — The Burmese Spotted Babbler. Pellorneum subochraceum: Gyldenstolpe I p. 21; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 165; Grant p. 83; Robinson & Kloss p. 59; Robinson I p. 103; Robinson II p. 149; Robinson HI p. 748. Sex Tocality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm, mm. mm. mm, 2 Pak Koh 15/, 1914 145 62 62 13 22 fou Koon Tan 21/5 1914 160 67 66 15 23 o Koon Tan %s 1914] 165 68 68 15 23 ou Bang Hue Pong | 7¢/s 1914 165 67 64 15 22 ou Koon Tan 3/6 1914 156 68 70 14 23 roa Koon Tan %5 1914] 166 66 65 14 | ~— 20 os Koon Tan 2/5 1914 162 69 68 15 23 Q Koon Tan 1/5 1914 155 62 69 15 23 roe Bang Hue Pong | ?%/s 1914] 158 66 68 14 23 2 Koh Lak Paa “he 1914 140 63 62 13 ! 21 Irides: brown to reddish brown. Bill: horn colour, Legs: pale brown. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:o 2. 57 The Burmese spotted Babbler was very common on suitable localities over the whole of Siam, though more abundant in the Northern parts of the country. It always keeps to the thick undergrowth and was seldom seen in the lower trees where it probably only retires when on look out for some danger. It has a nice song which it frequently utters, and on account of its retiring habits it is more often heard than seen. The specimen shot up among the mountains west of Koh Lak differs somewhat from the other specimens in my Siamese collection. It has the under surface, with the exception of the centre of the abdomen, rich fulvous buff, exceedingly darker than in typical birds. The blackish brown stripes on the chest and upper breast are paler and narrower; the bill is plumbeous grey instead of horn colour, but in every other way it agrees with typical specimens of P. subochraceum. 98. Turdinus abbotti abbotti. Bruyra. — Abbott’s Babbler. Turdinus abbotti: Robinson & Kloss p. 59; Williamson II p. 77; Robinson TII p. 749. Trichastoma abbotti: Miller p. 371. od Koh Lak Paa “/12 1914. L=142 mm.; W=75 mm; T= 56 mm.; C == 17 mm.; Tarsus = 24 mm. — lrides: brownish red. Bill: brown with the tip pale plumbeous. Legs: pale flesh colour. The birds obtained by me up among the mountains on the Tenasserim boundary west from Koh Lak have to be referred to the typical 7. a. abbotti and not to the southern race which has been named by SrRickLanD 7’. a. olivacewm. This race inhabits the Malay Peninsula at least as far north as to Bandon — where it was found by Roprnson — and the island of Borneo. Curiously enough Mr. C. Boprn Ktoss obtained 7. a. olivacewm during his recent trip to the Chantaboon district in south-eastern Siam. He obtained this bird on a more northern latitude than that one of Koh Lak, why the southern race seems to extend further to the north on the eastern side of the Gulf of Siam than on the western. I only prepared the skin of a single male specimen but shot several others, though they unfortunately got spoiled and were not worthy of being preserved. They, however, all belonged to the typical race, having the underparts of the body very dark and the under tailcoverts deep rufous ochre. When observed they were always single, though several specimens could occur on rather a small area of land. They generally kept on the ground among the thickest. undergrowth; only when being disturbed in some way they flew up in a low tree, though very soon diving down to the ground again, where they were jumping about in search of food among the dry leaves. In the Northern parts of the country I never observed them. One specimen has been recorded from Bangkok by Mr. WILLIAmson (Journal Natural History Society of Siam Vol. I N:o 2 p. 77). My specimen agrees well with the description in the literature but the grey eye- brow is very distinct almost reaching to the upper parts of the ear-coverts. K. By. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 8 58 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 99. Drymocataphus tickelli. Buiyru. — Tickell’s Babbler. Drymocataphus tickelli: Robinson & Kloss p. 60. Robinson I p. 104. f Pak Koh 1/, 1914. L = 138 mm; W = 63 mm.; T = 55 mm.; C = 13,5 mm. — 2 Pak Koh 1/4 1914. L = 132 mm.; W = 59 mm.; T = 50 mm.; C = 13 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale fleshy brown. Tickell’s Babbler was only observed a few times in Northern Siam, where it chiefly occurred in the hilly and densely covered portions. When observed they were sculking about among the grass on the ground or among the low bushes as well in evergreen as in mixed forests. I never heard them utter any note as far as I can remember. 100. Corythocichla brevicaudata. Buiyra. — The Short-tailed Babbler. Q Doi Par Sakeng 1/7 1914. L= 135 mm; W = 64 mm.; T.== 53 mm.; C = 14 mm.; Tarsus = 22,5 mm. — Iris: brownish red. Bill: horn colour. Legs: brown. Of this exceedingly rare bird only one specimen was obtained. It was shot out of a flock of about 5 to 6 individuals which were observed on one of the highest hills near Doi Par Sakeng in North-western Siam not very far from the Burmese frontier. When climbing up the hill, which was covered with dense evergreen forest mixed up with bamboos, I was attracted by a faint whistling note which I had never heard before. I then suddenly got sight of a couple of small birds in a bamboo clump where they were busy searching for food among the lower branches. They were not shy in the beginning, behaving in a manner remembering of that of a Wren though not keeping their tails erect. As soon as I had fired at them, they at once dived down in the thick undergrowth, consisting of grass and low bushes, and were impossible to get sight of again, though I spent a considerable time in order to get some more specimens. However, I heard their whistling notes, but could never locate them any more. I found them in exactly the same localities as mentioned by Davison, who ob- served them of the higher slopes of the Mooleyit mountain in Tenasserim. These slopes are covered with »boulders of rocks of all sizes lying about in a chaotic confusion». The slopes of the Doi Par Sakeng mountain showed a similar appearance. I never succeeded in seeing this species again, though I several times visited both this same mountain and other showing a similar condition. 101. Alcippe phxocephala magnirostris. Watp. — The Burmese Babbler. Alcippe phayrei: Gyldenstolpe I p. 21; Robinson & Kloss p. 61; Robinson I p. 104. 2 Doi Par Sakeng “7 1914. L = 145 mm; W = 67 mm; T = 72 mm.; C = 12 mm.; Tarsus = 17 mm. — ITrides: whitish grey. Bill: dark horn colour. Legs: flesh colour. Very sparsely distributed over the Northern parts of the country. Harrineton has recently (Journal Natural History Society, Bombay, Vol. 23 KUNGL. SV. VET..AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 59 N:0 3 p. 444453) given a revision of the Genus Alcippe which he devides into two Groups: the Nipalensis — Group and the Pheocephala — Group. This divison is chiefly based on characters of the bill. The bird obtained by me at Doi Par Sakeng as well as the specimen collected during my former Expedition 1911—1912 belong to the »long-billed» Group (called by Harrine- ton the Phwocephala Group). Both specimens have blackish brown stripes on the head and nape, and therefore ought to be referred to the race named A. p. magnirostris, WALD., which, according to HarRineTon, »most probably inhabits Siam, Southern Shan States, Karennee and south-eastern Burma to just north of Moulmein». The throat in my specimens is not greyish as stated in the description of A. p. magnirostris but pale ochraceous buff, almost of the same colour as the underparts of the body, hence resembling A. p. harringtonie, HartEeRtT. from North-eastern Upper Burma and the Northern Shan States. But the stripes on the head are not »intensely black» as in this race, which also is said to be smaller on an average. 102. Alcippe sp. do Doi Par Sakeng !7/; 1914. L = 150 mm.; W = 63 mm.; T= 71 mm.; C= 11,3 mm.; Tarsus = 20,2 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour with the base dirty yellow. Legs: flesh colour. This specimen was unfortunately very badly shot which makes the exact identi- fication quite impossible. When obtained it was quite single sculking about among the high undergrowth. Nowhere else observed or obtained. The length of the tail is quite noteworthy. 103. Stachyrhidopsis rufifrons. Hume. — Hume’s Babbler. o¢ Pak Koh 15/4 1914. L=105 mm.; W=49 mm.; T= 44 mm; C= 11 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — f Doi Par Sakeng 73/, 1914. L114 mm.; W = 50,6 mm.; T = 47 mm.; C= 11 mm.; Tarsus = 17,5 mm. — Irides: reddish brown or brown (Doi Par Sakeng specimen). — Bill: plumbeous and horn coloured. Legs: light brown or dirty yellow. Only two specimens of this small bird were collected during my journey viz. one male at Doi Par Sakeng near the boundary to Karennee in North-western Siam and another male at Pak Koh, a small place situated on about Lat. N. 18°. These two specimens differ somewhat inter se and the Doi Par Sakeng specimen seems to be nearest to S. r. bhamoensis HARRINGTON. In his »Notes on the Indian Time- liides and their allies» (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 23 N:o 4 p. 628) HarRINGTon has given a key to the different subspecies of Stachyrhidopsis ruficeps and S. rufifrons and he also disgusses the distribution and the characters of the different forms of these birds. In S. r. bhamoensis the bill is said to be horn-coloured while the bill of S. r. rufifrons is black. Unfortunately there is no material for comparison in the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm, and therefore I have been compelled to rely on the meagre desriptions in the literature. 60 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. In the specimen from Doi Par Sakeng the bill is marked on the label as being horn coloured while in the other specimen it is plumbeous. This last-mentioned bird therefore seems to be nearer S. rufifrons rufifrons, but it has the black shaft-streaks of the feathers of the forehead very distinct, and this stands against what is stated by Harrineton who says »that the black shaft-streaks are indis- tinct or wanting in rufifrons. The dull rufous colour of the crown is confined to the fore- part of the head». In my specimen the whole crown and upper nape is cinnamon-rufous (Ridgway, Plate 16) and not dull rufous. The breast of the Doi Par Sakeng specimen is much brighter coloured than that of the other specimen which is dull olive brown shaded with ochraceous. I have therefore for the present refrained from giving a subspecific name to the specimens collected in Northern Siam, but the Doi Par Sakeng specimen probably be- longs to S. r. bhamoensis HARRINGTON which is a more northern and western form, while the specimen from Pak Koh belongs to typical S. r. rufifrons Humes. When observed these birds kept to the undergrowth among the valleys which were mostly clothed with dense evergreen forests. I never saw them sculking about among the lower trees or bushes as Mixornis gulartis minor which species they resemble very much both as to habits and colouration. A marked difference exists, however, between these two species: in Stachyrhidopsis the bill is conical while in M ixornis it is slender and slightly curved. 104. Mixornis gularis. Rarryt. — The Sumatran Yellow-breasted Babbler. Mixornis gularis: Miller p. 370; Grant p. 81; Bonhote p. 64; Robinson & Kloss p. 62; Robinson I p. 106. od Koh Lak /i1 1914. L=124 mm.; W=56 mm.; T= 55 mm.; C = 13 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — Irides: brownish red. Bill: plumbeous. Legs: yellowish brown. Only observed a few miles south of Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya, where a small party was met with on the top of an isolated limestone hill near the sea-shore. This spe- cies seems to live up in the trees, mixed up together with Herpornis xantholeuca Honas., Hypothymis azurea prophata OBERH, and Cyornis sumatrensis SHARPE, and was never observed in the undergrowth or in low bushes as its near relative Mixornis gularis minor which it resembles very much as to the plumage. It is, however, much larger than that species and has the irides brownish red instead of white or yellowish white. The Sumatran Yellow-breasted Babbler inhabits Southern Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. 105. Mixornis gularis minor. sussp. n. — The Siamese Yellow-breasted Babbler. Mixornis rubricapillus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 21; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 165; Oustalet 1913 p. 91; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 77; Gairdner p. 148. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 61 Sex Locality | Date Total length| Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus | mm. mm. mm. mm. , mm 1 | Q Pak Koh | '%/, 1914 117 500té«‘D lis > 17 rofl Pak Koh 8141914 112 52 52 11,2 18 ol Pak Koh 18/5 1914 | 117 54 53 11,7 18 2 Koon Tan 13/5, 1914 123 53 54 11 16 fou Pak Koh 16/, 1914 104 52 50 Il 17 Q Koon Tan %/5 1914 119 61 50 12 16 Q Koon Tan 4/5 1914 118 52 51 Il 16 ce Koon Tan | %/s 1914 123 | 55 B4 12 17 | o |Doi Par Sakeng 19/, 1914 us 50 I 5L —_ 17 @ |Doi Par Sakeng| }*/7 1914 108 52 49 12 17 | ee Pak Koh | %/s:1914; 128 | 53 54 12 17 Irides: white, yellow or yellowish white. Bill: horn colour. Legs: dirty yellow. Very common in suitable localities over the whole country south to about Lat. N. 11° 45’. The Yellow-breasted Babbler inhabiting Siam, and of which I have a large series, is decidedly smaller than the measures being recorded for M. g. rubricapillus Tick. HARRINGTON gives the wing in that species as measuring from 57—61 mm. and the tarsus to 20 mm. As seen by the measurements given above none of my specimens have a wing measuring more than 55 mm. and the tarsus not more than 18 mm. Unfortunately I have no specimens from Burma, Assam or Sikkim to compare with, but two specimens from Ahsown in Tenasserim are absolutely identical with Sia- mese birds. Therefore I believe that the race of the Yellow-breasted Babbler which inhabits Siam and Tenasserim ought to be separated under a new subspecific name which I pro- pose to be Mixornis gularis minor. Description: Similar to M. g. rubricapillus, Tick., but differing from that bird in being smaller. The extreme point of the forehead and the lores are pale yellow without any black shaft-stripes; supercilium very pale yellow; crown ferruginous, blending on the nape with the olive green of the upper plumage; ear-coverts yellowish green with pale shafts; chin and throat »strontian yellow» (Ridgway, Plate 16); the feathers of the throat having black shaft-stripes; remainder of under surface dull greenish yellow. Type: § ad. Pak Koh, Northern Siam */, 1914. Coll. N. GyLDENSTOLPE. Specimens examined: 15 from Siam and 2 from Tenasserim. Fam. Brachypterygide. 106. Myiophoneus ceruleus. Scop. 1 ad. Koon Tan May 1914. W=161 mm.; T~118 mm.; C = 23 mm; Tarsus = 43 mm. This bird which inhabits China has previously not been recorded from any country outside the Chinese limits. 62 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. In May 1914 a fine specimen, clearly belonging to this species, was obtained on one of the Koon Tan Hills. The bill is perfectly black which is the main point of difference between this species and the allied M. temmincki Vic., which also has been found among the mountains of Northern Siam. All members of the Genus Myiophoneus seem to migrate in some way during the winter months. 107. Myiophoneus eugenei. Humes. — The Burmese Whistling-Thrush. Myiophoneus eugenti: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 165; Robinson III p. 750. do Koon Tan *4/5 1914. L= 355 mm.; W= 183 mm.; T= 144 mm.; C = 29 mm. — 1 ad. Koon Tan 1914. W =167 mm.; T == 130 mm.; C = 24 mm. — @ Koh Lak 4/12 1914. L = 303 mm.; W = 166 mm.; T = 121 mm.; C= 25 mm. — Koon Tan 7/9 1914. L= 306 mm.; W = 167 mm.; T = 122 mm.; C = 26 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horny yellow. Legs: black. Distributed over the whole of Northern Siam and also obtained in the Siamese Malaya, though always rather rare and only seen in limited numbers. In the literature this species is generally recorded as an inhabitat of mountain torrents and rocky ravines among the hills. I found it in such places but also in secondary jungles in low-lying country and one specimen was seen, and another one procured, in a garden at Koh Lak. When observed it was jumping about on the ground in search of food. The males are much larger and more heavily built than the females. Especially their bills are very strong and robust. In the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum of Stockholm there is a specimen of a Myiophoneus obtained in Java 1880 according to the label. I have carefully examined this bird and have come to the conclusion that it must be a specimen of Myiophoneus crassirostris, ROBINSON, which has been obtained in the Northern Malay Peninsula and on the Langkawi and Teratau Islands. If the locality »Java» is correct, which however seems a little doubtful to me (it may be a trade skin brought over from the Malay Peninsula and incorporated in our Javan collection) it adds a new bird to the Javan fauna on the same time as it extends considerably the distributional area of this fine species. Fam. Sibiide. 108. Herpornis xantholeuca. Hopes. — The White-bellied Herpornis. Herpornis xantholeuca: Robinson & Kloss p. 68; Grant 'p. 80; Robinson I p. 107. do Koon Tan 7/6 1914. L = 108 mm.; W = 64,7 mm.; T = 44 mm.; C=11,5 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 3/5 1914. L=123 mm.; W = 67,2 mm.; T= 46 mm. C=11 mm. — Q@ Koon Tan 18/9 1914. L = 108 mm.; W = 62,5 mm.; T= 47 mm; C=11 mm. — @ Koh Lak Paa "/12 1914. L==115 mm; W = 61,5 mm.; T = 46,5 mm.; C = 11,7 mm. — Irides: brown to yellowish white. Bill: light brown. Legs: flesh colour. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR, BAND 56. N:0 2. 63 Sparsely distributed over the whole country though even occurring rather high up among the mountains. As a rule this species was observed associated in small parties, and the birds were busily searching their food among the foliage. It is a very restless bird which is always on the move and they very much resemble a party of Tits going through the forest while they constantly utter their twittering notes. Fam. Liotrichide. 109. Pterythias eralatus. Tick. — Tickell’s Shrike-Tit. Pterythius eralatus: Robinson I p. 107. @ Koon Tan *4/5 1914. L=155 mm.; W=76 mm.; T= 59 mm.; C= 13 mm.; Tarsus = 23 mm. — Trides: brownish black. Bill: horn colour (upper mandible plumbeous). Legs: flesh colour. Seems to be very rare and during the whole journey only one specimen was shot by my native collector. My specimen perfectly well agrees with the description given by HuME on a speci- men from Mooleyit but there is no olivaceous shade on the occiput which is pure grey with a few white triangular white spots on the middle of the feathers near the shaft but only visible when the plumage is disarranged. On the feathers of the back there are also some white spots and these feathers are tipped with olivaceous grey. The outermost secondary has a chestnut spot at the tip and the shaft is rufous orange. All the other feathers except that one and the tertiaries have blackish shafts. The under tail-coverts are white with a faint fulvous tinge. Fam. Pycnonotide. 110. Aegithina tiphia. Linn. — The Common Jora. Aegithina tiphia: Gyldenstolpe I p. 23; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166; Grant p. 90; Bonhote p. 61; Oustalet 1903 p. 68; Robinson & Kloss p. 55; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 78; Robinson I p. 101; Robinson II p. 148. Tova tiphia: Miller p. 367. do Koon Tan 78/5 1914. L = 110 mm.; W = 60,5 mm.; T = 53 mm.; C = 15 mm. — ¢ Bang Hue Pong *7/5 1914. L=140 mm.; W = 65 mm.; T = 53,5 mm; C= 14,2 mm. — ¢ Bang Hue Pong 8/5 1914. L=125 mm.; W = 65 mm; | = 52 mm.; —_ 12,5 mm. — é Koh Lak 30/1, 1914. L = 125 mm.; W = a mm.; T = 59 mm.; C= 14,5 mm. — Q Koh Lak 7/11 1914. L—= 132 mm.; W = 64 mn.; T = 58 :C. = 13,5 mm. — Irides: greyish white. Bill: plumbeous. Legs: bluish grey. The Common lora was very abundant in gardens, orchards and secondary- or brushjungles over the whole country. Sometimes this species was also observed in ever- green forests and a few specimens where obtained in such kind of vegetation. In the mountains dividing Siam and Tenasserim it was never met with, but some specimens wete collected in the bamboo-jungles near the sea-shore at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak. In Bangkok and its surroundings it is also a common bird as stated by WILLIAMSON (Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. of Siam Vol. I N:o 2 p. 78.) 64 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 111. Aethorhynchus lafresnayei. Harri. — The Great Iora. Aethorhynchus lafresnayi: Robinson & Kloss p. 55; Grant p. 89; Robinson I p. 101. Lora lafresnayi: Miller p. 367. dS Hue Sai 1%; 1905. L = 142 mm.; W = 65,5 mm.; T == 59 mm.; C = 19 mm.; Tarsus = 18 mm. — Q Hue Sai 1%/; 1915. L= 140 mm.; W = 69,8 mm.; T = 62 mm.; C= 18,5 mm.; Tarsus = 19 mm. — Q Hue Sai '%/1 1915. l= 135 mm.; W= 68,5 mm; T = 60,5 mm.; C = 17,8 mm.; Tarsus = 16,6 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: plumbeous. Legs: plumbeous. The Great Iora was only observed once near the Tenasserim boundary a few miles west from Koh Lak. Here I met with rather a large party of this fine bird and five specimens were shot out of the flock before the rest took to the rescue and disappeared into the dense jungle. They were feeding in some high trees in an evergreen jungle when being observed and they were rather tame. The allied Aethorhynchus xanthotis, which I found in Eastern and Northern Siam during my former Expedition 1911—1912, was never met with, why it seems to be very rare and local. Mr. EIsENHOFER’s native collector had, however, succeeded in obtaining a female specimen among the Koon Tan Hills, but though I assidously looked out for that bird I never came across it again. 112. Chloropsis hardwickei. Jarp. & Sersy. — The Orange-bellied Chloropsis. 3 Koon Tan */5 1914. L = 184 mm.; W = 88 mm.; T = 72 mm.; C = 18 mm.; Tarsus = 15,5 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. Apparently very rare and only confined to the higher mountains of Northern Siam. The specimen obtained most probably is an immature male and it has the central tail-feathers green; the primaries, except the first and second ones, are green on the outer webs; the throat and chest are deep black with a faint gloss; the head is faintly washed with yellow. All these characteristics are only signs of immaturity. 113. Chloropsis aurifrons. Temm. — The Gold-fronted Chloropsis. Chloropsis aurifrons: Gyldenstolpe I p. 23; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe HI p. 166. Sex | Locality Date Total length} Wing Tail | Culmen | mm. mm. mm. mm. 4 | o Pak Koh Mh, 1914 179 | 983 7 | 18,3 @ | Koon Tan 2Jy 1914 167 86 67 s«d8 | Doi Par Sakeng | "Jo 1914 177 99 7) 19,5 @ | Chum Poo "5 1914 182 93 7) Abe 3 | Chum Poo 3/5 1914 172 89 6 » 19 @ | Koon Tan 2/, 1914 161 89,7 6 6d 9 Pak Koh = 1914 169 88,5 62,3 | 17,8 g | Koon Tan 5/5 1914 185 92 69 18 3 | Chum Poo ‘Js lle | 165 90 70 19 oa) Koh Lak = Ju 194 | 168 94 @ ¢ Ts Q Bang Hue Pong | Js 1914 | 178 2 6 18,5 gf Koh Lak =f 1914170 935 73 | 185 & ; Chum Poo | % 1914 | 178 90,5 2 WW KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 65 Trides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: pale plumbeous. The most common member of the Genus especially in the Northern parts of the country, though never obtained further south than at Koh Lak (Lat. N. 11° 45’). At the neighbourhood of that place it was, however, rather common and as it has not been found gouth of Amherst (about Lat. 16° 10’ N.) before, it adds a considerable area to the distribution of this species. However, it has been recorded from Cambodia and Cochin China. One fine male obtained at Doi Par Sakeng in North-western Siam has a longer wing than specimens obtained further south, and is of about the same size as birds from the Himalayas, which on account of their greater size have been separated under the name of Chloropsis hodgsoni, GRAY apud GOULD. However I can find no other difference between this race and typical birds, and the extent of the golden yellow patch is not greater in this specimen than in other specimens from more southern localities. 114. Chloropsis chlorocephala. Watp. — The Burmese Chloropsis. Chloropsis chlorocephala: Gyldenstolpe I p. 23; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe II p. 166; Barton p. 105; Robinson & Kloss p. 55; Robinson I p. 101; Gairdner p. 148; Robinson III p. 745. do Pak Koh %/5 1904. L—= 167 mm.; W = 86 mm; T=71 mm; C = 15 mm. — § Pak Koh 13/, 1914. L = 153 mm.; W = 76 mm.; T = 66 mm.; C = 15 mm. — ¢ Chum Poo ?/s5 1914. L = 160 mm.; W = 81 mm.; T = 68 mm.; C = 15 mm. — @ Koon Tan %/5 1914. L = 148 mm; W = 75,5 mm.; T = 68,3 mm.; C = 16 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: horny black. Legs: plumbeous. The Burmese Chloropsis was not uncommon in the Northern Districts, where it occurred together with Chloropsis aurifrons TEmMM.; though never in such great numbers as that species. In the southern parts of the Malay Peninsula the Burmese Chloropsis is replaced by Chloropsis icterocephala Luss., which is very similar, being only separated by having the forehead and the band encircling the throat pure yellow instead of greenish yellow. This last-mentioned species may also occur in the southern parts of the Siamese Malaya. 115. Irena puella. Lata. — The Fairy Blue-Bird. Irena puella: Gyldenstolpe I p. 23; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe IIT p. 166; Oustalet 1903 p. 38; Miller p. 381; Robinson & Kloss p. 56; Robinson I p. 102; Robinson II p. 148. Irena puella puella: Robinson II p. 745. co Doi Par Sakeng '%/7 1914. L = 245 mm.; W = 127 mm.; T= 105 mm.; C = 21 mm.; Tarsus = 14 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */5 1914. I = 235 mm; W = 126 mm; T = 99 mm.; C = 20 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — @ Doi Par Sakeng 18/7 1914. L = 230 mm.; W = 122 mm.; T = 108 mm.;. C = 21 mn; Tarsus = 16 mm. — of Pak Koh 4/4 1914. L = 232 mm.; W = 130 mm.; T = 105 mm; C = 21 mm,; Tarsus = 14 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan *9/, 1914. L = 240 mm.; W = 129 mm.; T = 104 mm.; C = 22 mm; Tarsus = 15 mm. — Q Pak Koh 4/4 1914. L == 240 mm.; W = 127 mm.; T = 106 mm.; C = 22 mm; Tarsus = 14 mm. — @ Koon Tan ™/s 1914. L = 235 mm.; W = 127 mm; T= 107 mm.; C = 21,5 mm.; Tarsus == 15 mm. — Irides: red. Bill: black. Legs: black. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. Nio 2, 9 66 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. The Fairy Blue-Bird was fairly common in heavy jungle in the Northern parts of the country, but never met with, as far as I can remember, in the Siamese Malaya. I never found it in flocks as stated by Davison (Stray Feathers. Vol. 6 p. 328. 1878) but always in pairs or single. The young males are similar in plumage to the females and they change into adult plumage without a moult. Some specimens collected at the end of April and in May have their upper plumage bluish green — like the females — but some feathers on the crown, upper back and the lower tail-coverts are tipped with glistening cobalt like the adult bird. Underparts of the body almost black, some of the feathers being tipped with bluish green. It therefore seems that the underparts of the body are changing into their definite colour in a way opposite to the upper parts of the body, which get their new colour from the tips, while the underparts get their new colour from the bases of the feathers. 116. Hypsipetes concolor yunnanensis. ANprers. — Anderson’s Black Bulbul. Hypsipetes concolor: Gyldenstolpe III p. 166. @ Koon Tan 4/6 1914. L = 233 mm; W = 123 mm.; T= 114 mm.; C = 22 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 113 mm.; T = 101 mm.; C = 20 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: brick red. Legs: brick red. Fairly rare and only obtained in the hillforests of the Koon Tan mountain range. When observed it was always in small parties haunting old clearings, and as the birds were rather shy they were difficult to obtain. The race found in Northern Siam is the same one which was described from Yunnan by ANDERSON in his remarkable work »Anatomical and Zoological Researches of the two Expeditions to Western Yunnan 1868 and 1875. My specimens have their heads decidedly darker than the mantle, and a greenish gloss on the pointed crest-feathers; middle of back, rump and upper tail-coverts dusky black, the feathers edged with dark slaty grey; abdomen and under tail-coverts ashy grey, the latter a little darker and tipped with white; below the ear-coverts a black spot; wing-coverts, primaries and rectrices blackish brown edged with slaty grey. 117. Microtarsus melanocephalus. Gm. — The Black-headed Bulbul. Micropus melanocephalus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 27; Robinson & Kloss p. 57; Robinson II p. 148. Prosecusa melanocephala: Miller p. 381. 3 Koh Lak /i2 1914. L = 160 mm; W = 79 mm; T= 75 mm; C = 12 mm. — Irides: pale blue. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Black-headed Bulbul seems to be very locally distributed in Siam at least in the parts of the country visited by my Expedition. During the whole journey I only observed it at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya, but down there it was fairly common occuring together with some other kind of Bulbuls such as Pycnonotus blanfordi, JERD., Aegithina tiphia Linn. a. s. 0. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 67 During my seven months trip to the North of Siam I never observed a single specimen, but during my previous journey 1911—1912 I oncemet with a small flock near the town of Muang Preé. This beautiful Bulbul has rather a pretty song which is frequently uttered. It is never found in dense jungles but affects cultivated land and orchards. 118. Iole viridescens. Bruytu. —- The Olive Bulbul. Q Koh Lak Paa %/i2 1914. L = 175 mm; W = 78 mm; T = 77 mm; C = 17 mm.; Tarsus = 17 mm. — Irides: white. Bill: horn colour. Legs: brown. The Olive Bulbul was only obtained in the Siamese Malaya. Here it occurred in the dense forests among the hills dividing Siam and Tenasserim. Near the coast I never observed it not nor was it very common on the Tenasserim boundary at least not at the localities visited by the Expedition. 119. Criniger gutturalis sordidus. Ricum. Criniger echraceus: Robinson III p. 746. do Pak Koh 75/3 1914. L = 215 mm; W= 111 mm; T = 116 mm.; C = 19 mm. — ¢ Doi Par Sakeng 1/7 1914. L = 231 mm.; W -= 109 mm; T=115 mm; C = 19 mm. — ¢ Pak Koh ™/s 1914. L=218 mm; W=111 mm; T=116 mm; C=18 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan *%/5 1914. L = 213 mm; W = 103 mm.; T = 106 mm.; C = 17 mm. — Irides: ad.: brownish grey. imm.: brown. Bill: ad.: plumbeous. imm.: yellowish brown. Legs: pale brown. This species was originally described from Trang in Lower Siam (RICHMOND. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. Vol. 22. 1900 p. 320) and given a specific rank. As far as I can see, it is only a subspecies of Criniger gutturalis which it resembles very much, being merely separated by its larger size and its paler and more olive colouring on the upper parts of the body; the under parts of the body are darker and less yellow, these parts being almost buffy olive. This Bulbul occurred in Northern Siam, where I found it at the same localities as Criniger gutturalis henrici, Oust.; though it was by no means as common as that species. The immature bird resembles the adult one in the general tone of the plumage, but it has the wing-coverts and the secondaries rufous buff and that colour almost occupies the whole of the outer secondaries; the colour of the irides and that one of the bill is also different as stated above. 120. Criniger gutturalis henrici. Ovsrt. Criniger henrici: Gyldenstolpe I p. 24. Criniger guituralis; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166. & Koon Tan *4/) 1914. L = 230 mm.; W= 110 mm.; T = 118 mm; C = 18 mm. — 9 Koon Tan 8/9 1914. L = 230 mm.; W = 108 mm.; T = 114 mm; C = 17 mm. — @ Koon Tan "4/5 1914. L = 222 68 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. mm.; W = 107 mm.; T= 113 mm.; C=17 mm. — Jf Bang Hue Pong "/5 1914. L = 227 mm; W = 113 mm.; T = 121 mm.; C = 18 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */5 1914. L= 212 mm.; W= 111 mm.; T = 106 mm.; C = 18 mm. — @ Doi Par Sakeng %/ 1914. L=216 mm; W= 108 mm.; T= 107 mm.; C= 16,5 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale brown. Like Criniger gutturalis sordidus RicuM. this species is only a subspecific race of Criniger gutturalis from which it is separated merely by its larger size. It was fairly common in Northern Siam where it keeps to the evergreen forests as well as to the bamboo-jungles, but they, were only met with on localities where the vege- tation was very dense. They were mostly observed in couples or in small flocks. They have a smacking note often repeated when the birds have been disturbed in some way. 121. Criniger lonnbergi. GyLprnstotrr. — Liénnberg’s Bulbul. Criniger lénnbergi: Gyldenstolpe I p. 24. Seg Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen mm. mm. mm. mm. g Koon Tan 10/5 1914 180 83 86 15 eu Pa Hing 1/, 1914 178 86 88 15 2 Doi Par Sakeng M1, 1914 168 83 84 15 a Bang Hue Pong | **/s 1914 176 87 88 15 | 2 Koon Tan 5/g 1914 175 . 80 82 15 g Pak Koh 16/4 1914 180 85 86 15 roe Doi Par Sakeng Mh 1914 177 86 86 15 ef Koon Tan 1/9 1914 177 84 84 15 fof Koon Tan 3475 1914 178 86 88 15,5 - J Koon Tan 15 1914 182 85 88 15 roa Bang Hue Pong 8/5 1914 175 86 | 85 15 oe Pak Koh 7/4 1914 175 86: 87 15 ¢ juv. Pak Koh 7/4 1914. — J pull. Pa Hing 14/1 1914. -— Irides: brownish yellow. Bill: blackish brown or horn colour. Legs: pale brown. A fine series of this Bulbul was obtained at different parts of Northern Siam where it seems to be rather common in the dense evergreen jungles or in the mixed forests on the summits of the hills. It goes about in small parties and keeps to the highest trees where it searches for food among the leaves. It is as a rule very difficult to detect among the dense vegetation on account of its plain, protecting colouring. 122. Molpastes atricapillus. Viertt. — The Chinese Red-vented Bulbul. Pycnonotus atricapillus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 26; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166. do Koon Tan 1%, 1914. L195 mm; W= 91 mm.; T= 93 mm.; C= 15,5°mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 29/, 1914. L = 195 mm.; W = 92 mm.; T = 90 mm.; C= 15 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan °’s 1914. L = 200 mm.; W = 92 mm.; T = 93 mm.; C = 14,5 mm. — 9 Koon Tan 1/5 1914. L = 180 mm.; W = 85 mm.; = 83 mm.; C = 14 mm. — & Chum Poo 4/5 1914. = 182 mm.; W= 92 mm.; T= 91 mm.; C= 15 mm, — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 69 Certainly the most common Bulbul in the open hill-forests of Northern Siam. Sometimes I even found it in the pine-forests, which cover the highest slopes of the moun- tains in the North. 123. Pycnonotus finlaysoni. Srricky. — Finlayson’s Stripe-throated Bulbul. Pycnonotus finlaysoni: Gyldenstolpe I p. 26; Gyldenstolpe I; Gyldenstolpe HI p. 166; Grant p. 85; Robinson & Kloss p. 58; Gairdner p. 148; Robinson IL p. 149; Robinson III p. 747. Pycnonotus findlaysoni: Bonhote p. 62. Loedorusa finlaysom,; Miller p. 380. do Pak Koh 8/4 1914. L=177 mm.; W= 85 mm.; T= 89 mm; C = 14 mm. — @ Koh Lak !/12 1914. L = 185 mm.; W = 80 mm.; T = 85 mm.; C = 13 mm. — Q Koh Lak Paa "/i2 1914. L = 170 mm; W = 78 mm.; T = 78 mm.; C = 13,6 mm. — @ Koh Lak Paa “/1e 1914. L —=175 mm.; W = 76 mm; T = 80 mm.; C = 14 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. Rather common in the evergreen forests both in Northern Siam and in the Peninsula. In the deciduous forests I never observed this Bulbul, which probably only inhabits countries where there are evergreen jungles. It has a pleasant note which is frequently heard. As regards to the yellow tips of the tail-feathers these only are to be found on the outermost pair; the lores are not quite black but mixed with some yellow feathers; the lower rump is of about the same colour as the upper tail-coverts viz. ochraceous green. My observations of this species are quite opposite to those made by Davison in Tenasserim. He found this Bulbul common in the plains, in the outskirts of forests and in scrub-jungle, sometimes even in gardens and compounds. Jn such places I, however, never found it but the related Pycnonotus blanfordi, JERD. 124. Pycnonotus blanfordi. Jerp. — Blanford’s Bulbul. Pycnonotus blanfordi: Gyldenstolpe I p. 26; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe II p. 166; Oustalet 1903 p. 82; Williamson II p. 80. Pycnonotus plumosus: Williamson I p, 42. o Koon Tan *8/, 1914. = 201 mm.; W = 85 mm.; T = 90 mm.; C= 15 mm.; Tarsus = 19 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: brownish black. Very common in open, cultivated country and in gardens and scrub-jungles. In the real evergreen forests it was never met with, but it was sparingly distributed in the mountain forests. It has a harsh note, and is easy to obtain or observe because it is quite tame. 125. Otocompsa flaviventris. Tick. — The Black-crested Yellow Bulbul. Otocompsa flaviventris: Gyldenstolpe I p. 25; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166; Barton p. 105; Gairdner p. 148; Robinson III p. 747. do Pak Koh °%/s 1914. L—= 178 mm; W = 84,5 mm; T= 85 mm.; C= 11,5 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 8/6 1914. L=178 mm.; W = 81 mm.; T= 85 mm.; C= 12 mm. — J Bang Hue Pong 7/; 1914. L = 188 mm.; W = 86,5 mm; T= 87 mm.; C = 11,3 mm. — Q Chum Poo ¥/; 1914. L = 156 mm.; W = 83,2 70 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. mm.; T= 85 mm; C = 11,6 mm. — ¢ Chum Poo °%/5 1914, L = 172 mm.; W = 80,7 mm.; T = 81 mm.; C = 10,8 mm. — @ Pak Koh °/s 1914. L = 175 mm.: W = 84 mm.; T = 90; C = 11,5 mm. — 1 ad. Koon Tan 1914. W = 88 mm.; T = 97 mm.; C = 11 mm. — Irides: yellow. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Black-crested Yellow Bulbul was one of the most common birds in Siam. It was found on suitable localities over the whole country It most often frequents brush- and scrubjungle, and it was never met with far inside the evergreen jungles. The young birds have the head and the long crest brownish olive with a faint pur- plish gloss on the longest crest-feathers; chin black, but the throat is olive and of the same colour as the upper parts of the body. The colour of the eye is whitish grey instead of yellow as in the adult birds. The bill is much paler, almost horn coloured while in full- grown birds it is pure black. 126. Otocompsa emeria. Linn. — The Bengal Red-whiskered Bulbul. Otocompsa emeria: Gyldenstolpe I p. 25; Gyldenstolpe IJ; Gyldenstolpe III p. 166; Grant p. 84; Robinson & Kloss p. 58; Williamson I p. 42; Williamson II p. 79; Robinson I p. 102. Otocompsa pyrrhotis: Miller p. 378. ¢ Chum Poo ?/5 1914. L = 195 mm.; W == 87 mm.; T= 97 mm.; C = 14,3 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Bengal Red-whiskered Bulbul was very common in the Northern parts of the country especially in the open and cultivated country. It is a very tame and familiar bird and is even found in the villages and towns. Like the other Bulbuls it has a rather nice song and it looks quite a pretty bird when it keeps its long black crest erect. The young birds are lacking the red patch below the eye and have the under tail- coverts pale rosy pink. Fam. Campephagide. 127. Graucalus macei. Less. — The Large Cuckoo-Shrike. Graucalus macei: Gyldenstolpe I p. 34; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Oustalet 1903 p. 43. & Koh Lak ‘4/2 1914. L—= 282 mm.; W=168 mm.; T= 133 mm.; C = 23 mm. — Pa Hing N/y 1914. L=270 mm; W=166 mm; T= 129 mm.; C = 22 mm. — ff Pa Hing !"/, 1914. L = 277 mm.; W == 169 mm.; T= 134 mm. C= 22,3 mm. — @ Koon Tan 27/5 1914. L= 269 mm.; W = 170 mm.; T=136 mm.; C= 22 mm. — @ Koon Tan °/5 1914. L= 275 mm.; W=161 mm.; T = 125 mm; C= 20 mm. — J Koon Tan 78/9 1914. L= 280 mm; W=166 mm; T= 127 mm.; C = 24 mm. — Q Pak Koh */s 1914. L= 291 mm.; W=164 mm.; T= 132 mm.; C = 21 mm. — @ Pak Koh *4/3 1914. L = 288 mm.; W = 165 mm.; T= 125 mm; C = 22,5 mm. — gf Pak Koh 91/3 1914. L = 285 mm.; W = 164 mm.; T = 126 mm.; C = 23 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Large Cuckoo-Shrike is generally distributed over those parts of Siam which are covered with thin tree- or shrubjungles. On the top of the hills among the mixed pine- and oak- forests it was the bird most often met with. Opposite to what is stated by Davison, I most often saw it associated in small parties, more seldom single or in pairs. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 71 It has a fine whistling note which it utters both when flying or when perching at a top of a high tree. The most southern locality where I met with this species was at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak, but down there it was rare and only a few specimens were observed. These southern birds seems to be of a paler grey colour than specimens obtained in the northern localities but are still not worthy of separation as a distinct race. 128. Volvocivora melachistus intermedia. Htme. do Kob Lak %/11 1914. L=196 mm.; W = 111 mm.; T = 97 mm.; C = 13 mm. — Irides: brownish red. Bill: black. Legs: blackish brown. Among the Cuckoo-Shrikes collected at Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya there is a specimen which I have referred to the above-mentioned race of V. melachistus, on account of its having the under tail-coverts pure slaty grey and exactly of the same colour as the rest of the under surface. The central tail-feathers are also black with a greenish gloss und have a broad white tip. On the inner side of the primaries, except the first one, there are large white patches. The under wing-coverts are almost pure white though spotted and barred with grey. 129. Volvocivora lugubris saturata. Swinu. do Koon Tan 5/9 1914. L= 215 mm; W=117 mm.; T=111 mm.; C= 13,2 mm.; Tarsus = 19 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. A single specimen of this species was obtained in a mixed pine- and oak forest in the Koon Tan mountains. This specimen perfectly well agrees with SwINHOE’s description. In Siam it seems to be rare and it has not been recorded from that country before. 130. Volvocivora melanoptera avensis. Buiytu. Campophaga melanoptera: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168. Volvocivora avensis: Miller p. 365. Q Koh Lak */11 1914. L=205 mm.; W=111 mm; T= 109 mm; C=15 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak W/ 1914. L=192 mm; W=109 mm; T=102 mm; C=13 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */9 1914. L= 205 mm.; W = 109 mm.; T= 111 mm.; C= 13 mm. — Irides: f brown. @ brownish red. Bill: ¥& black. horn colour. Legs: ¢° black. @ blackish brown. This race which I think is quite distinct from the typical V. m. melanoptera was found in Northern Siam as well as in the Siamese Malaya. At this latter locality two specimens were collected: one male in full plumage and one female. This latter speci- men has the underparts of the body, with the exception of the pure white under tail- coverts, barred with greyish brown more closely on the chin and throat. 72 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOCICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Both the two males and the female have a large white patch on the basal part of the inner webs of the primaries, except the first two ones. The Koon Tan specimen approaches Volvocivora lugubris saturata SwWINH., as it is of a darker grey colouring on the upper parts of the body. 131. Pericrocotus fraterculus. Swinu. — The Burmese Scarlet Minivet. Pericrocotus fraterculus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 33; Gyldenstolpe IJ; Gyldenstolpe III p. 168; Gairdner p. 149. Sex Loceli ig Date | Length | Wing Tail | Culmen mm mm. {| mm mm o Pak Koh | 2%: 1914] 181 93,2 87,5 14 ot Koon Tan 5/5 1914 202 97,2 91,5 13,5 ee Koon Tan | %/s51914| 188 93,1 88 13,3 o |Bang Hue Pong] °/s 1914 193 94,2 90,3 12,3 fon Koon Tan 29/4 1914 197 97,6 95,2 15 rou Pak Koh 81/1914 184 94,5 94 13 o' |Doi Par Sakeng| 7°/c 1914 191 98,5 94,5 13 o |Bang Hue Pong] **/s 1914 192 95 90 12,5 fo Pak Koh 23/3 1914 184 95 86 14 of Koon Tan 89/5 1914 183 91,5 91 13,2 o |Doi Par Sakeng} 17/7 1914 195 92 92,5 14,2 & | Koon Tan | %1914| 191 90 92 12,5 Q Koon Tan | %1914| 183 91,2. | 89,5 13,2 Q Pak Koh 214.1914 186 88,2 86 13,3 Q |Doi Par Sakeng| 18/7 1914 185 90,7 89,2 13,8 Q Koon Tan 9/5 1914 190 85 90 — Q |Bang Hue Pong] */s 1914 180 87,5 85 13,2 Trides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: black. A fine series of the Burmese Scarlet Minivet was collected at different parts of Northern Siam. : As already remarked by Hartert (Nov. Zool. Vol. IX, 1902 p. 556) the second primary has a red patch on the inner web, though the size of this patch varies a great deal and is smallest in the specimens collected in Northwestern Siam. These same specimens have longer wings than birds'from more southern districts, thus approaching the true P. speciosus LaTH. As seen by the measures given above the Siamese specimens agree well in size with birds from Hainan, but they differ from these birds in having the central rectrices pure black on the outer web while in the Hainan birds the outer web is almost red. One male specimen collected at. Pak Koh has, however, only the centres of the middle tail-feathers black and the inner web is broadly margined. In the parts of the Siamese Malaya visited by the Expedition this beautiful species was never observed. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 73 132. Pericrocotus peregrinus. Linn. — The Small Minivet. Pericrocotus peregrinus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 33; Gyldenstolpe-III p. 168; Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 90. & Koon Tan °8/s 1914. L—=178 mm.; W=70 mm; T=77 mm.; C = 9 mm. — & Koon Tan */4 1914. L174 mm.; W=70,5 mm.; T= 75 mm.; C= 9 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: black. The small Minivet is generally distributed over the northern parts of the country though not very common. Most often it was observed in small flocks visiting the pine forests on the tops of the higher hills but sometimes they were even met with at the out- skirts of the jungles. This species was never observed in company with other kind of Minivets. 133. Pericrocotus solaris griseigularis. GouLp. dg Koon Tan *4/5 1914. IL=171 mm.; W = 81 mm.; T = 93 mm.; C = 10,5 mm.; Tarsus = 12 mm. — Trides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. This species which is closely related to Pericrocotus solaris BLy TH. from the Eastern Himalayas, Khasi Hills, Manipur, Pegu, Siam and Tenasserim, has previously only been recorded from the island of Formosa and parts of Southern China. SwINHOE says that the main’ points of difference between P. griseigularis and P. solaris are, that in »the for- mer the thigh- feathers are black externally, ochraceous internally, while in the latter the thighs are orange». As shown by Hume (Stray Feathers 1877. Vol. V, p. 187) the thighs in P. solaris are not orange but dusky black externally and yellowish or ochraceous inter- nally in the male. The thighs in my specimen, which I without hesitation have identified with P. griseigularis are brownish black with a faint greenish tinge externally and pale yellowish internally. The first two primaries are lacking the red or yellowish patch, on the third primary there is a narrow yellowish line along the outer web; on the fourth there is an orange scarlet spot on the middle part of! the outer web of about 11 mm: in length. On the inner webs of the primaries, with exception of the first one, there is a yellowish spot increasing in size on the latter primaries. On the secondaries there is a broad band of orange scarlet on about the middle parts of the feathers. Head, nape and back dark slaty grey with a bluish gloss; ramp and upper tail-coverts fiery orange scarlet; chin and throat grey with yellowish tips on some of the feathers, especially those of the throat passing over on the scarlet underparts of the body. The two central pairs of tail-feathers are black with a narrow line of yellow on the middle parts of the outer webs and an oblique orange scarlet’ spot’ on the innerweb; tip of tail-feathers pale orange. | The specimen was shot out of a party of Pericrocotus assembled in a pine-tree growing on the top of one of the highest hills in the Koon Tan range. My specimen is exactly similar to another specimen from Formosa in the collec- tions of the R. Nat.-Hist. Museum in Stockholm. K. Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56, N:o 2. 10 74 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 134. Pericrocotus cinereus, Larr. — The Ashy Minivet. Pericrocotus cinereus: Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 91; Robinson & Kloss p. 55; Miller p. 365. JS Koh Lak 18/12 1914. L=185 mm.; W = 98,2 mm.; T = 97 mm.; C = 10,5 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Ashy Minivet seems to be very rare in Siam and during the whole journey only one specimen — in full plumage — was obtained outside Koh Lak. A winter visitor only. Fam. Muscicapide. 135. Alseonax latirostris. Rarryt. — The Brown Flycatcher. Alseonax latirostris: Gyldenstolpe III p. 169; Williamson I p. 43; Robinson III p. 742; Robinson & Kloss p. 51; Miller p. 363; Williamson II p. 208. Hemrichelidon latirostris: Gould p. 151. S Koon Tan *1/9 1914. L = 115 mm; W = 69 mm.; T = 51 mm.; C = 9,5 mm. — ff Koon Tan 80/, 1914, L=120 mm; W = 67 mm.; T= 51 mm; C =~ 10 mm. — J Koon Tan */s 1914. L = 121 mm.; W=68 mm; T=47 mm; C = 9 mm. — 6 Chum Poo */5 1914. L = 125 mm.; W = 67 mm.; T = 48,5 mm.; C = 9 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black (base of lower mandible dirty yellow.) Legs: black. The Brown Flycatcher was fairly common in the North of Siam, but it also occurs in more southern parts having been recorded from Bangkok by WILLIAMSON and from the Malay Peninsula by RoBINsoN. This species is generally considered as a winter visitor to South eastern Asia, having its breeding places in Eastern Siberia, Corea and Northern China. During my journey I obtained specimens in April, May and September which seems to indicate that it may possibly breed in Northern Siam too. However, I never found its nest. As regards size and colour the Siamese specimens are absolutely identical to speci- mens from Saghalin in the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum of Stockholm. 136. Alseonax siamensis. GyLDENSTOLPE.' — The Siamese Brown Flycatcher. This new species is related to Alseonax latirostris RaFF.. from which it is, however, clearly distinguished by being umber brown (»Saccardos Umber), Ridgway, Plate 39) above instead of ashy brown. In several other particulars it also differs from that spe- cies, as seen by the description given below. Adult male: General colour above »Saccardos Umber» (Ridgway. Nomenel. Colours plate 39); upper tail-coverts washed with ferruginous; wing-coverts dusky brown, mar- gined with »Saccardos Umber»; primaries and secondaries dusky brown, the latter edged with isabelline on the inner webs; tail dusky brown with pale brown shafts; lores and a narrow line round the eye greyish white; ear-coverts »Saccardos Umber»; chin and upper throat greyish white slightly washed with brown; lower throat, breast and flanks ashy 1 Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. No. 2, p. 27. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 75 brown; middle of abdomen, vent and under tail-coverts white; thighs brown; under wing- coverts and axillaries light fawn colour; quills dusky brown below and fawn colour along the inner webs; tail-feathers brownish white below with white shafts to the feathers; wing lining light fawn colour. Iris brownish black; bill horn colour and with the lower mandible dirty yellow; legs black. Type: Adult male collected at Bang Hue Pong (Northern Siam on the 27th of May 1914.) Specimens examined: Two, the type and another male from the same locality and collected on the same day. Measurements: Total length =128 & 120 mm. resp. Wing = 68 & 69 » » Tail = 52 & 51 » » Culmen lls& 12 » » Tarsus = 12 & Il,s » » This new species is probably a resident in Northern Siam where it inhabits the higher mountains. , It has much the same habits as Alseonax latirostris RarFu. of which species I also obtained specimens during my journey in Upper Siam. 137. Cyornis dialilema. Satvap. Cyornis dialilema: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 169; Robinson & Kloss p. 52; Robinson I p. 98. Sex Locality Date Total length; Wing Tail Culmen mm. mm. mm. mm. ou Koon Tan 16/5 1914 133 66 61 11,2 fof Koon Tan 4/5 1914 135 66 57 ll fon Koon Tan ®/6 1914 130 66,5 55 12 fof Koon Tan 78/4 1914 130 68 60 11,4 o Koon Tan | ?%/s 1914 136 66,5 56,5 11,5 fof Koon Tan 5/5 1914 138 67,2 58 11,6 o Koon Tan 29/5 19)4 138 67,4 60,6 ll fou Koon Tan 5/5 1914 144 70 62 1l fot Koon Tan 22/5 1914 135 68 55 11,5 9 Koon Tan 19/5 1914 129 63 56,2 12 9 Koon Tan M4/5 1914 126 66,1 54 11,6 co) Koon Tan 29s 1914 140 68 59 11,3 fe) Koon Tan 16/y 1914 130 67 58,2 11,2 9 |Bang Hue Pong| 27s 1914 136 66 58 12 oO juv. Koon Tan 1914 _ 68 61 12 Oo juv. Koon Tan 1914 _ 66 50 9 oO juv. Koon Tan 1914 _ 66,5 49,8 Oo’ juyv. Koon Tan 3/5 1914 120 62,8 _ —_ Q juv. Koon Tan 28/5 1914 125 63,3 57,5 ll Trides: black. Bill: black. Legs: brown. 76 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. This species which is closely allied to Cyornis rubeculoides Vic. was very common in the North of Siam and a fine series was collected. Roginson & Kuoss state (Ibis 1911 p. 52) that it ought to be regarded as a southern form of C. tickellie Buytu. I think that it must be placed nearest to OC. rubeculoides Via., which is practically intermediate between C. dialilema Satvap. and C. tickellie, BiytH. or O. swmatrensis SHARPE. Cyornis dialilema differs from C. rubeculoides which I also obtained in Siam, by having the abdomen and flanks pure white, while these same parts in C. rubeculoides are tinged with orange buff. The orange colour of the breast and throat does not extend so high up on the chin in C. dialilema as it does in C. rube- culoides, C. tickellie and in C. swmatrensis. 138. Cyornis rubeculoides. Vic. — The Blue-throated Flycatcher. Cyornis rubeculoides: Gairdner p. 149. Siphia rubeculoides: Bonhote p. 60. do Koon Tan %/, 1914. L=138 mm; W = 66 mm; T = 61 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 7/5 1914. L=143 mm; W=69 mm; T= 64 mm; C=11,5 mm. — 6 Koon Tan 7/5 1914. L = 130 mm.; W = 67 mm.; T = 61 mm.; C = 11,3 mm. — Irides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: pale brown. Not as common as C. dialilema, Satvav. though occurring in the same localities but apparently at higher altitudes. The specimens obtained by me were all shot on the summits of the highest hills among the Koon Tan range where they occurred either in pairs or in small flocks among the pine-trees. In colour they very much resemble C. dialilema but the upper parts of the body are of a paler blue. The flanks and sides of the body are buffy white instead of pure white and the orange colour of the breast extends higher up on the throat. 139. Cyornis sumatrensis. SHARPE. Cyornis sumatrensis: Robinson & Kloss p. 51; Robinson III p. 147. do Koh Lak Paa “/12 1914. L = 130 mm.; W = 67 mm; T = 62,4 mm.; C = 11,2 mm.; Tarsus = 16,8 mm. — @ Koh Lak Paa “/i2 1914. L = 125 mm.; W = 64,5 mm.; T= 60 mm. C = 10 mm.; Tarsus = 16,5 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. Only two specimens of this Flycatcher were obtained during my journey. They were both shot in a dense evergreen forest among the hills on the boundary between Siam and Tenasserim. . This is a somewhat rare species, which until quite recently only was known from the type and another male obtained in Kelantan and recorded by HaRrrert (Novitates Zoologice, Vol. IX, 1902 p. 549). In the last few years, however, several specimens and among them some females — until then undescribed — were obtained by Ropinson & Kuoss during their Expediton to the Northern Parts of the Malay Peninsula (vide. [bis 1911 p. 51—52). It has also been recorded by Roxsinson from the Siamese Islands of Koh Samui and Koh Pennan. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 77 In colouration it very much resembles C. tickellie. BiyTH but is distinguished by a smaller size and by having the abdomen, under tail-coverts, axillaries and under wing-coverts pure white. The female specimen I obtained agrees exactly with the description given by Ro- BINSON and Ktoss (Ibis 1911 p. 52). 140. Cyornis banyumas tickellie. Buyru. — Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher. Cyornis tickelli@: Gyldenstolpe I p. 37. Cyornis banyumas tickelli: Robinson HI p. 743. o Koon Tan 1%) 1914. L = 137 mm; W = 73 mm.; T = 68 mm.; 0 = 12 mm. — & Koon Tan 18/) 1914. L == 129 mm.; W = 70 mm.; T = 64 mm.; C = 12 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous grey. Two male specimens of Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher were obtained among the Hills near Koon Tan. : As I have already stated about C. swmatrensis SHARPE., which this species closely resembles, it is distinguished by its greater size. Both the specimens obtained are in moult and have a very abraded plumage. 141. Cyornis pallidipes. Jerp. — The White-bellied Blue Flycatcher. Cyornis pallidipes hainana:; Robinson III p. 743. do Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 69 mm.; T = 63 mm.; C = 10,3 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — Pak Koh %/, 1914. I, = 132 mm.; W = 67 mm.; T = 61,5 mm.; C= 11 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: pale brown. Two male specimens of this beautiful Flycatcher were obtained in Northern Siam. BopEN Kross collected one male at Klong Menao in South Eastern Siam during his re- cent journey and this specimen has been referred by Roprnson to Cyornis pallidipes hainana GRANT, originally described from Hainan (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1900 p. 480). As compared with the measurements given by GRANT (tom. cit.) my specimens are practically intermediate between the Hainan form and typical Cyornis pallidipes JERD. from Southern India. The Siamese specimens show a close relation to the Hainan form, as is also the case with several other species. This close relationship seems to indicate that a centre of distri- bution was situated somewhere east of the Salween river thus including South Eastern China, Hainan, Annam, Tonkin, Cambodia, Cochin China, Siam, Yunnan and parts of Burma. From this centre the different forms have then spread out in a western direction, while the Himalayan forms made their way southwards. The specimens of Cyornis pallidipes obtained by me are neither typical Cyornis pallidipes JeERD. nor Cyornis pallidipes hainana GRANT. and as the difference between these two forms are very slight I think it wisest not to give a subspecific name to the Siamese form until more material has been obtained. 78 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 142. Muscitrea grisola grisola. Buiyru. — The Grey Flycatcher. Muscitrea grisola: Robinson & Kloss p. 54; Robinson II p. 148; Robinson III p. 743. Jf Koh Lak 2/11 1914. L = 148 mm.; W = 85,7 mm.; T = 70 mm.; C = 12 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak 26/4, 1914. L = 140 mm.; W = 77 mm.; T = 63 mm.; C = 12 mm. — ff Koh Lak 711 1914. L = 146 mm.; W = 82 mm; T = 64 mm.; C = 12 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak !%/2 1914. L = 155 mm.; W = 82 mm; T= 65 mm; C= 12,6 mm. — @ Koh Lak */; 1915. L=147 mm; W = 79,6 mm.; T = 62 mm.; C=12 mm. — @ Koh Lak 1/2 1914. L155 mm; W = 81 mm; T = 67 mm; C = 12 mm. — ? Koh Lak °9/;, 1914. L = 135 mm.; W = 80,5 mm.; T = 64 mm; C = 12 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill black. Legs: plumbeous. The Grey Flycatcher was rather common in a bamboo-jungle near the sea-shore north of the Koh Lak Bay. All other authors state that it is entirely confined to the mangroves, but I never observed it in such kind of vegetation. The country was per- fectly dry where I met with this species and covered with bamboos. However, a fairly large mangrove swamp was situated not very far away. A male specimen shot on the 26th of November 1914 has the outer webs of the secondaries and those of the inner primaries earthy brown, the bill is horn-coloured instead of black. This specimen is most probably a not fully adult bird in its first plumage. 143. Gerygone griseus. GYLDENSTOLPE.' Plate 2. fig. 2. Q Koh Lak !/12 1914. = 85 mm.; W = 51 mm.; T = 39 mm.; C = 8 mm.; Tarsus = 14 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: black. A few specimens of this small bird which J have been compelled to describe as new, were observed in an almost impenetrable mangrove swamp, situated near the sea-shore at Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya. The birds were rather shy and difficult to make out among the vegetation and only a female specimen was obtained. It seems to be nearest to Gerygone modighani SatvaD. from the Malay Peninsula, but differs from that species in lacking the dusky horse-shoe mark on the sides of the fore-neck. Another allied form is Gerygone flaveola Cas. which inhabits the island of Celebes. Description: General colour above smoky brown, the head being of the same colour; least and median wing-coverts smoky brown a little darker than the colour of the back; primaries dark dusky brown with narrow brownish white margins on the outer webs of the feathers; secondaries blackish brown; tail feathers dusky brown with a subterminal black band and a white spot near the tip; the two central pairs of tail-feathers have this white tip confined to the inner web, on the outer tail-feathers the white tip is on the outer web; lores greyish white; feathers round the eye smoky brown; ear-coverts smoky brown and of the same colour as the crown and nape; cheeks, throat, breast and abdomen pale sulphur yellow, brighter on the throat; under tail-coverts white; flanks and sides of the body pale brownish olive; thighs yellowish white; under wing-coverts and axillaries white, washed with yellow especially on the outer edge of the wing; quills brown below, whitish on their inner webs. ! Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. No. 2, p. 27. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 79 144. Hypothymis azurea prophata. Oszru. — The Black-naped Blue Flycatcher. Hypothymis azurea prophata: Gyldenstolpe I p. 37. Hypothymis azurea; Robinson I p. 99; Robinson II p. 148; Miller p. 363; Gairdner p. 149. Hypothymis azurea coeruleocephala: Robinson III p. 744. @ Koh Lak 12 1914. L = 155 mm.; W = 67,6 mm.; T = 79,6 mm.; Tarsus = 13 mm. A female specimen, collected at the neighbourhood of Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya, appears to belong to this race. Unfortunately I have only been able to compare my specimen with some other specimens from Java in the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm, but these specimens, which according to locality ought to belong to this race, are absolutely identical as to size and colouration with my own specimen. 145. Hypothymis azurea styani. Harrc. Hypothymis azurea: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 169; Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 209; Robinson & Kloss p. 53. Sax Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm mm. mm ou Koon Tan 2215 1914 155 72 78 10 13,6 rou Koon Tan 22/5 1914 150 72 77 10,5 13,5 oO Koon Tan 3/6 1914 155 7 78 10,3 13,6 of Koon Tan 5/6 1914 153 74 78 10,1 13,5 ou Koon Tan °8/, 1914 156 70 72,3 10,4 14 oa Bang Hue Pong 27/5 1914 155 75 77 10,3 13,8 fof Pak Koh 418/, 1914 150 Tl 78 9,5 12,5 of Pak Koh 24/3 1914 145 71,5 76 10 13 oO Chum Poo 7/6 1914 158 71,5 78,5 10,3 13 fot Doi Par Sakeng 18/7 1914 152 70 77 11,2 13,6 g Koon Tan ®/s 1914 145 70 75 10 13 2 Koon Tan 5/6 1914 160 70 78 10 13,3 2 Koon Tan 18/5 1914 145 67,7 66 10,2 13,5 2 Koon Tan 18/5 1914 140 68,3 67 10 13,6 Q Koon Tan 8/5 1914 156 69 74 ll 13,2 Q Koon Tan 29/4 1914 160 70 73 lz 13,3 In my former paper on the Birds of Siam (Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Band 50. N:o 8 p. 37) I have referred the species of the Black-naped Blue Flycatcher inhabiting Northern Siam to H. a. prophata OBERH. During my last journey I collected a large series of this beautiful Flycatcher at different parts of Northern Siam. STRESEMANN has recently (Nov. Zool., Vol. 20 1913 p. 293—297) given a review of the forms of Hypothymis azwrea, Bopp. based on a very large material. He considers H. a. styant Hartt. as to inhabit Siam and the adjoining countries to the east, west and north. In Lower Siam, however, another race: OBERHOLSERS H. a. 80 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. prophata is said to occur. However, the two races seem to be only slightly differentiated from each other, the first one only being characterized by its distinct bluish not lilac back. However, all the specimens from Northern Siam have a distinctly violet shade on the back and it is with great hesitation that I accept these two races, but for the present I think it is wise to do so. In any way the specimens from Lower Siam and the Malay Peninsula are almost identical. 146. Rhipidura albicollis. Viurtz. — The White-throated Fantail Flycatcher. & Koon Tan *4/5 1914. L =170 mm.; W = 76 mm.; T = 101 mm.; C = 10 mm; Tarsus = 16 mm. & Koon Tan 9%; 1914. L = 182 mm; W = 77 mm.; T = 102; C= 10 mm.; Tarsus = 17 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: dark brown. Fairly common in Northern Siam among the Koon Tan Hills most often in com- pany with other species of Flycatchers. It was always observed in very dense forests and as a rule far away from villages or human dwellings. The two specimens procured are not fully adult but showing traces of the immature plumage in having a rufous shade on the underparts of the body and in having marked rufescent tips to the wing-coverts and some of the feathers on the back and rump. The birds obtained in Siam may possibly belong to R. a. atrata Satvav. from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. This rase is chiefly characterized in having more ex- tended white tips to the tail-feathers. As I have no material for comparison I have re- frained from giving the Siamese birds a subspecific name. 147. Rhipidura javanica. Sparrm. — The Java Fantail Flycatcher. Rhipidura javanica: Williamson I p. 43; Grant p. 92; Bonhote p. 60; Williamson II p. 210; Gairdner p. 149. @ Koh Lak "4/11 1914. L=176 mm; W=72 mm; T= 95 mm. — @ Koh Lak 7/1 1914. L=170 mm.; W = 72 mm; T = 93 mm. — Jf Koh Lak *8/1. 1914. L = 175 mm; W = 75 mm; T = 97 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak 2%/11 1914. L = 180 mm.; W = 81’ mm.; T = 103 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Java Fantail Flycatcher was never obtained in the Northern and Central parts of the country, but it was exceedingly common down in the Siamese Malaya. It was most often found in dense bamboo-jungle, where it keeps to the lower branches jumping about in search of food or uttering their faint trilling note while it keeps its tail spread out and its wings half open. It is also often seen on the ground behaving in the same manner. 148. Rhipidura albifrontata burmanica. Humes. — The Burmese White-browed Fantail Flycatcher. Q Koh Lak *%/1; 1914, L == 168 mm.; W = 83 mm.; T = 98 mm.; C = 11 mm.; Tarsus = 16 mm. — Trides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. Two specimens of this bird, which has not been recorded from Siam before, were observed in a thick and thorny bamboo-jungle near the coast at Koh Lak during one of my excursions on the 26th of November 1914. The birds were in company with Rhipi- KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 81 dura javanica, SPARRM. and Muscitrea grisola Buytu., and they were rather shy and at once disappeared when I fired a shot at them. Hume (Stray Feathers vol. IX p. 175 footnote 1881) remarks that a specimen of Rhipidura albifrontata collected in the Thoungyeen valley in Tenasserim differs from the typical Indian bird in wanting the white triangular spots on the wing-coverts and in having the four central tail-feathers entirely black as well as the chin, throat and upper breast. He suggests the name burmanica for this bird though he was a little doubtful of these characteristics were constant. In my specimen the white spots on the wing-coverts are almost obsolete, the four central rectrices are almost black except a very small white spot at the tip of the second pair. The mantle and upper tail-coverts are clear ashy brown, much paler than in an In- dian bird I have had for comparison. In this last mentioned bird the white spots on the wing-coverts are very well- marked and there is a large white spot at the tip of the second pair of tail-feathers. I therefore believe that the Burmese and Siamese birds constitute a well-marked subspecies which ought to be called burmanica as suggested by Hume. 149. Terpsiphone affinis. Buiyrn. — The Burmese Paradise Flycatcher. Terpsiphone affinis: Robinson & Kloss p. 53; Gairdner p. 39; Miller p. 363; Oustalet 1903 p. 55; Grant p. 93; Bonhote p. 60; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 169; Robinson I p. 99; Robinson II p. 148; Gairdner p. 149; Robinson III p. 745. 3 Koon Tan %/5 1914. L = 260 mm.; W = 91 mm; T = 177 mm.; C = 16 mm. — gf Koon Tan 5/g 1915. L = 317 mm; W = 95 mm.; T = 216 mm.; C = 16,5 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan %/) 1914. L = 300 mm.; W = 91 mm.; T = 200 mm; C = 17 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */¢ 1914. L = 198 mm.; W = 87 mm.; T = 94 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: bluish black (horn coloured in younger specimens). Legs: plumbeous. Fairly rare though generally distributed over the parts of the country visited during my journey. This beautiful and attractive bird frequents the evergreen forests and was never observed nor obtained in other kind of jungles. It is rather shy and disap- pears at once into the tangle of vegetation when disturbed. It, however, seems to be rather curious about everything and usually returns again to have a look at that which frightened it away. In the Siamese Malaya a few specimens of a Paradise Flycatcher were observed in the dense jungles which cover the mountain range between Siam and Tenasserim, but if it was this species or the allied Terpsiphone incit Goutp. I can not ascertain, because no specimens were procured here. 7’. incii has, however, recently been recorded from Bangkok by WILLIAMSON. All the specimens obtained are males in their second plumage and not a singe male in the beautiful white plumage was observed. 150. Culicicapa ceylonensis. Swains. — The Grey-headed Flycatcher. Culicicapa ceylonensis; Gyldenstolpe I p. 37; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe III p. 169; Grant p. 91; Robinson I p. 100. Q Koon Tan 7/5 1914. L=110 mm.; W = 58 mm; T = 53 mm.; C = 8 mm. — 3 Koon Tan 31/, 1914. L = 124 mm.; W = 61 mm; T= 56 mm.; C = 9 mm. — J Koon Tan %/p 1914. L = 116 mm; K, Sv. Vet, Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2, 11 82 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. W = 62 mm.; T = 57 mm.; C= 8 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan "4/5 1914. L = 125 mm.; W = 58 mm.; T = 53 mm.; C = 8 mm. = Irides: blackish brown. Bill: horn colour. Legs: brownish yellow. The four specimens of the Grey-headed Flycatcher were all collected among the Koon Tan Hills where this species was fairly common. A young male shot on the 14th of May 1914 has a plumage very similar to that of the adult bird but the yellow colour of the underparts of the body is, however, very much paler. 151. Cryptolopha burkii tephrocephalus. Anprers. —- Anderson’s Flycatcher Warbler. Cryptolopha burkii tephrocephalus; Gyldenstolpe I p. 30. Cryptolopha burki tephrocephala; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. & Koon Tan %/9 1914. L= 107 mm.; W = 56 mm.; T = 45 mm.; C = 10 mm.; Tarsus = 15,5 mm, — Irides: brown. Bill: upper mandible horn colour, lower mandible yellowish brown. Legs: yellowish brown. This species seems to be very rare in Siam and only two specimens were collected during the whole journey. Both these specimens were obtained among the Koon Tan mountains. It probably breeds in Siam, because one specimen was shot as late as at the beginning of September 1914. 152. Abrornis superciliaris. Tick. — The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Warbler. Abrornis superciliaris: Gyldenstdlpe I p. 30; Gyldenstolpe III p. 167. Sex Localig Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen mm. mm. mm. mm. of Koon Tan 1/5 1914 100 48,2 43,2 8 ou Koon Tan 16/5 1914 98 48,3 43,3 9 on Koon Tan 50/5 1914 95 42 34 8 foal Doi Par Sakeng 11/7 1914 90 45 34 9 2 Pak Koh 17/, 1914 93 45 38 9 g Koon Tan 8/6 1914 96 45 42 8 g Koon Tan M/s, 1914 99 45,5 40 9 g Koon Tan 50/5 1914 95 46,7 38,5 8 Trides: black. Bill: horn colour. Legs: pale brown. The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Warbler was not uncommon in the bamboo-jungles in the North of Siam, but it was never met with in the Siamese Malaya. Another allied form Abrornis schwanert TEM. has, however, recently been found by Roxsinson (Journal Fed. Malay States Mus., Vol. V N:o 3 p. 101, 1915) in Bandon, a Siamese Province in the Malay Peninsula south of the places I visited during my jour- ney. This form is very similar to A. superciliaris Tick. and only differs in having the head and ear-coverts of a darker ashy colour, which abruptly contrasts with the colour of the back. In A. superciliaris the ashy colour is shading off gradually into the colour of the back. ae KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 83 The crown in nine specimens from different parts of Siam is ashy brown and does not contrast abruptly with the colour of the back and must therefore belong to the typical race which probably inhabits the Himalayas, Burma, Northern Tenasserim and Northern Siam. In Southern Siam and the Malay Peninsula it is replaced by A. schwanert which was originally described from Borneo. 153. Stoparola melanops. Vic. — The Verditer Flycatcher. Stoparola melanops: Gyldenstolpe I p. 37; Gyldenstolpe III p. 169; Williamson I p. 43; Williamson II p. 207. do Koh Lak !/;2 1914. L = 160 mm; W = 88,5 mm.; T = 80 mm.; C = 8 mm. — do Koh Lak 15/2 1914. L = 157 mm.; W= 85 mm.; T= 77 mm.; C = 8,5 mm. — @ Koh Lak 1/1 1915. L = 150 mm.; W = 80 mm.; T = 73 mm; C = 9 mm. — @ Koh Lak '“/i2 1914. L = 140 mm.; W = 78,8 mm.; = 66,5 mm.; C = 9 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Verditer Flycatcher was very rare in the Northern parts of the country where only a few specimens were observed during my journey. In the Siamese Malaya, however, it was more common during my stay there in the cold season. I never saw it in flocks, but always single or in pairs. In habits it closely resembles other Flycatchers and is generally seen perching on dry branches, now and then diving down for a passing insects. It was never observed far inside the thick jungles but frequented the outskirts of forests and sometimes even low secondary jungle. Fam. Hirundinide. 154. Riparia paludicola chinensis. Gray. — The Indian Sand-Martin. o Chieng Hai 7/5 1914. L= 104 mm.; W = 87 mm.; T= 43 mm. — ¢ Chieng Hai 7/3 1914. L = 98 mm.; W = 86,5 mm.; T = 44 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: blackish brown. The Indian Sand Martin was very common and occurred in large flocks along some of the larger rivers of Northern Siam. They were mostly observed flying along the rivers but sometimes they were also seen resting in great numbers on the sandbars in the rivers. These sandbars are only covered with a scanty vegetation of a few low bushes and these bushes were sometimes quite crowded with Sand Martins. More seldom this species occurred at the great swamps of Central Siam and they were never observed nor obtained in the southern districts or in the Siamese Malaya. 155. Chelidon rustica gutturalis. Scop. — The Eastern Swallow. Chelidon rustica gutturalis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 41. Hirundo rustica var. gutturalis: Oustalet 1903 p. 59. Hirundo gutturalis: Williamson I p. 44; Grant p. 95. Hirundo rustica: Gould p. 151. Hirundo rustica gutturalis: Robinson III p. 742. o Koh Lak */1; 1914. L=173 mm.; W=113 mm; T= 89 mm.; C=7 mm. — ¢ Koh Lak "4/11 1914. L=148 mm; W=114 mm.; T = 67,5 mm.; C=7 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: blackish brown. 84 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. A winter visitor to Siam. During the cold season it occurred in great numbers both in the North and in the Siamese Malaya. They are never to be found in forests, but occur where there are large swamps or open country. Fam. Pittide. 156. Anthocichla phayrei. BuytH. — Phayre’s Pitta. Anthocichla phayrei: Gyldenstolpe III p. 172; Robinson III p. 742. o Pak Koh 9/4 1914. L=209 mm.; W101 mm; T=57 mm.; C = 26 mm. — @ Koon Tan 10/, 1914. L=190 mm.; W = 97 mm.; T= 52 mm.; C= 26 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan 1914. W = 100 mn.; T= 54 mm.; C = 24 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: pale brown. Seems to be very rare in Siam and the specimens I obtained were all collected at Koon Tan and Pak Koh, both places in Northern Siam. As my specimens were all shot by my Dyak collector, I am unable to give any re- cords of their habits and the kind of forests where these birds occur. 157. Pitta cyanea. Buiyru. — The Blue Pitta. Pitta cyanea: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 172; Gairdner p. 149; Robinson HI p. 742. Sex Lovality Date Length | Wing Tail ee ’ | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. — fof Koon Tan 4/6 1914 216 115 64 29 40 oO Koon Tan 29/4 1914 200 112 59 29 40 roe Koon Tan 561914 | 210 115 63,2 27 40 : a Koon Tan *1/y 1914 226 116 63 29 40 ie) Koon Tan "/s 1914 205 113 60 29 39 g Koon Tan 18/o 1914 215 114 57 29 40 fo) Koon Tan | '%/o1914 | 205 110 58 27 | 38 Irides: brown. Bill: blackish brown. Legs: flesh colour or plumbeous grey. Only obtained in a very dense and thickly wooded valley among the Koon Tan Hills. At this place and almost on the same spot seven birds were shot and several more observed. The Blue Pitta keeps entirely to the ground. It is shy and very difficult to detect in the jungles, where it runs about among the undergrowth, very seldom taking to the wings. The red colour of the crown and nape is sometimes mixed up with yellow and some specimens have the breast without any yellowish wash at all, while other have the breast and cheeks, as well as the forehead and a well-marked supercilium strongly washed with yellow. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 85 158. Pitta cyanoptera. Temm. — The Lesser Blue-winged Pitta. Pitta cyanoptera: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 172; Gairdner p. 39; Oustalet 1903 p. 64; Grant p. 95; Bonhote p. 67; Robinson & Kloss p. 48; Robinson I p. 97; Robinson Il p. 147; Gairdner p. 149. & Ban Meh Na */5 1914. L=175 mm.; W= 123 mm.; T= 47 mm.; B = 30,5 mm.; Tarsus = 39 mm. — of Pa Hing °/s 1914. L=170 mm.; W = 121,5 mm; T = 45 mm.; B= 31,2 mm.; Tarsus = 37 mm. — Irides: brownish black. Bill: black. Legs: yellowish white. The Lesser Blue-winged Pitta was rather rare in the localities visited by my Expe- dition. It was only obtained in Northern Siam. Unlike the other Pittas this species does not keep entirely to the ground and one male specimen was shot in a tree, to which I was attracted by the melodious whistle of the bird. 159. Eucichla gurneyi. Hume. — Gurney’s Pitta. Eucichla gurneyi: Robinson & Kloss p. 49; Robinson I p. 97. o juv. Koh Lak Paa °/1z 1914. L = 188 mm.; W = 101 mm.; T= 42 mm.; B = 28 mm.; Tarsus = 37 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: orange, brownish above and at the tip. Legs: yellowish brown. During one of my excursions among the mountain chain separating Tenasserim and Siam I flushed a Pitta from a very dense and almost impenetrable piece of jungle. I succeeded in shooting the bird and it turned out to be a young bird presumably of this species though it has a plumage rather different from that of the adult bird as seen by the description given below. Description: Forehead, crown and nape dusky black with triangular buffy tips to the feathers; upper parts of the body and upper tail-coverts umber brown (nearest »Raw umber». Ridgway, Plate III) and with broad dusky bases to the feathers; lores, cheeks and ear-coverts black; chin dusky brown; throat white; breast and middle part of abdo- men dusky brown with pale brownish tips to the feathers and with a few pure black feathers mixed up among the other; on the sides of the lower breast there are a few pure black feathers barred with yellow on their terminal half; sides of the body and flanks pure yellow barred with black; primaries black with greyish-white tips, these being con- fined to the outer webs; secondaries and wing-coverts dusky black, the ones as well as the wing-coverts washed and tipped with umber brown of the same shade as that one of the back; tail bright blue on the outer webs and black on the inner webs of all the feathers except the central pair which is bright blue with only the base black. Fam. Eurylemide. 160. Calyptomena viridis. Rarrt. — The Green Broadbill. Calyptomena viridis: Miller p. 393; Grant p. 96; Bonhote p. 67; Robinson & Kloss p. 50; Robinson I p. 96. © Hat Sanuk ?4/, 1915. L=185 mm.; W = 103 mm.; T= 58 mm.; B = 22 mm.; Tarsus = 20 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: yellowish brown. Legs: greenish yellow. 86 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Of this species which is rather common in the Southern Malay Peninsula, only a single specimen was obtained in a thick evergreen forest near a small creek called Hat Sanuk quite close to the Tenasserim boundary on about Lat. N. 11° 50’. At this same place I observed a few more specimens, which were very difficult to detect among the dense foliage as they kept rather high up in the gigantic trees. In any other part of Siam the Green Broadbill was never met with. Outside Siam and the Malay Peninsula it inhabits Southern Tenasserim, Sumatra and Borneo. 161. Psarisomus dalhousie. Jameson. — The Long-tailed Broadbill. Psarisomus dalhousie: Oustalet 1903 p. 62; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 229. od juv. Meh Nja Min 77/7 1914. L—135 mm.; W= 78 mm.; T = 33 mm.; C = 10 mm. — Irides: blackish grey. Bill: horny brown with yellow edges. Legs: greenish yellow. The Long-tailed Broadbill is sparsely distributed over the damp evergreen hill- forests of Northern Siam. During my journey I only obtained a young male which was caught by one of my coolies on the road between Muang Fang and Chieng Hai. It has quite a different plumage from that of the adult bird and as I can find no description of such a young bird, I herewith give a short description of it. Forehead, occiput, nape and whole upper plumage green; ear-coverts green but darker than the crown; a few feathers on the lores, a large spot over the ear-coverts, feathers below the eye and at, the angle of the bill bright yellow; wing-coverts, tertiaries and secondaries green (the latter of a brighter colour) primary coverts black edged with greenish blue on the outer webs; primaries blackish edged with greenish blue on the outer web; a large patch of glistening cobalt blue on the outer webs of the inner primaries; chin and throat yellowish green; breast, abdomen and under tail-coverts pale green; tail-feathers bluish green above, blackish beneath. 162. Eurylemus javanicus. Horsr. — Horsfield’s Broadbill. Eurylemus javanicus: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 229; Robinson I p. 96. @ Koon Tan *4/5 1914. L= 210 mm.; W= 106 mm.; T=71 mm.; B = 36 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. — Koon Tan */5 1914. L= 205 mm; W= 105 mm.; T= 68 mm.; B = 36 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. — Jrides: black. Bill: as in the Fauna of British India. Legs: brown. Seems to be fairly rare in Siam and only two specimens were shot out of a small party by my Siamese collector. The tail-coverts in my specimens are not bright yellow as recorded in the literature but pale yellow with a rosy tinge, and the spots at the bases of the primaries are pure white instead of yellow. The tail-feathers, except the central ones, have a subterminal whitish spot. Horsfield’s Broadbill has also been obtained by Mr. EIsENHOFER’s collector at Koon Tan and Pa Hing, both places in Northern Siam, and by Rosinson in the Bandon Province of North Eastern Malay Peninsula and these are the only records I know about from Siam. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 87 163. Corydon sumatranus. Rarryt. — The Dusky Broadbill. Corydon sumatranus: Miller p. 395; Oustalet 1903 p. 63; Gairdner p. 39; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe TII p. 229; Gairdner p. 149. Sex Locality Date Total length| Wing Tail | Billfr. gape| Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm, mm. fou Pak Koh *8/3 1914 230 131 101 35,5 22 fou Pak Koh 98/5 1914 255 134 99 38 22 g Koon Tan 28/5 1914 240 129 106 36 23 fe) Pak Koh 8/4 1914 253 136 101 36 23 a Pak Koh 81/3 1914 255 134 102 36 22 ros Pak Koh 24/3 1914 232 135 96 36 22 os Pak Koh 4/5 1914 242 134 108 37 23 Q Hat Sanuk 18/2 1915 263 138 104 37 23 of Hat Sanuk 18/o 1915 270 134 101 37 23 Trides: brown. Bill: pink with the tip plumbeous grey. Nine specimens of this curious bird were collected in different parts of the country both in Northern Siam and in the Siamese Malaya. It generally occurs in flocks of about 8 to 10 individuals and they are very tame and stupid. When flying they utter a whistling note, which I never heard when the birds were resting. Then they made their presence known by a croaking note which could be heard rather far away. There is very little variation as to the plumage with the exception of the white spots. The males are separable from the females by having a greenish gloss on the under- parts of the body. This gloss is always absent in female specimens. 164. Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchus lemniscatus. Rarri. — The Black- and Red Broadbill. Cymbirhynchus malaccensis: Robinson & Kloss p. 50; Robinson I p. 96. Cymbirhynchus nasutus: Schomburgk p. 258. Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus: Miller p. 394; Oustalet 1903 p. 63; Grant p. 96; Bonhote p. 68; Gairdner p. 39; Gairdner p. 149; Robinson III p. 740. Q Hat Sanuk 18/2 1915. L = 225 mm. — Irides: golden green. Bill: greenish blue with yellow base and margins. Legs: pale blue. This beautiful Broadbill was very rare in every locality visited by the Expedition and it was only observed a few times in the Siamese Malaya near the Tenasserim fron- tier. Three subspecies have been described of this bird. The typical C. macrorhynchus, G., inhabits Borneo and is characterized by having no white spots or markings on the tail-feathers. Then there is C. m. lemniscatus RaFru. which previously has been found in Su- matra and the Malay Peninsula to Tenasserim. This subspecies has white bars on the 88 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. inner webs of the tail-feathers. My specimen belongs to this race which then also inhabits Southern Siam. C. m. affinis BLYTH. has been obtained in Arracan and Pegu and it has white bars on both webs of the outer rectrices. Fam. Picide. 165. Gecinus nigrigenis. Humr. — The Red-rumped Green Woodpecker. Gecinus nigrigenis: Oustalet 1899 p. 257; Gyldenstolpe I p. 47; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 229. Sex Lueality Date Length Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. rou Pak Koh We 1914 302 154 127 32,5 24 oe Koon Tan 15/5 1914 305 157 122 34 24 rofl Koon Tan 28/4 1914 305 157 127 34 24 g Koon Tan 14/5 1914 303 157 127 31 24 fe) Pak Koh 13/, 1914 290 154 118 31,5 24 Trides: yellowish white. Bill: black. Legs: greenish grey. Quite a common bird in the open dry forests in the North. None of the specimens obtained in the different parts of Northern Siam has the white or yellowish white stripe behind the eye as mentioned by Harerrr (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. Vol. 18 p. 67). The bills are quite black and there is not the slightest sign of a yellowish colour on the upper mandible. The abdomen and the under tail-coverts are dusky brown with squamate markings of darker brown. The markings are broader and almost blackish on the under tail- coverts. 166. Picus vittatus eisenhoferi. GyLDENSTOLPE.?! Gecinus vittatus: Oustalet 1899 p. 253; Robinson & Kloss p. 45; Robinson III p. 738. © Pa Hing %/s 1914. L = 290 mm,; W = 142 mm.; T = 128 mm.; C = 34 mm.; Tarsus = 26 mm. — Irides: pale crimson. Bill: blackish grey with the base of the lower mandible yellow. Legs: greenish yellow. Allied to P. vittatus VintLu. from Lower Siam, Cambodia, Cochin China, Southern Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java, but considerably larger and of a somewhat differing colour. Adult female (type of the subspecies). Similar to P. vittatus VirtLu. but much larger. The colour of the upper parts of the body bright grass green instead of yellowish olive; the rump-feathers fiercely tipped with yellow; wing-coverts green for their outer parts and dusky brown on their inner 1 Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. N:o 2, p. 28. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 89 half; outer webs of the primaries with white spots; on the inner webs of the primaries the white spots are only confined to the basal part of the feathers; malar stripe black with white bases and edges to the feathers; the black cap on the head is of a great extent almost covering the whole forehead, crown and nape. During one of my excursions to a fairly dense evergreen forest at the neighbour- hood of Pa Hing I came across a pair of these Woodpeckers and I succeeded in shooting the female. Pa Hing is a small hamlet situated in the middle of a large forest on about Lat. N. 18° 10". The typical Picus vittatus VInILL. is a southern form and the occurrence of a subspecific race of that species as far north as to Lat. N. 18° adds a considerable distance to its geographical distribution to the north. Like many other birds the northern forms are always growing larger than the southern ones. 167. Picus viridianus. Bryrxa. —- The Burmese Scaly-bellied Green Woodpecker. Gecinus viridianus: Oustalet 1899 p. 253; Grant p. 101; Robinson & Kloss p. 45; Robinson I p. 95. Gecinus dimidiatus: Schomburgk p. 257. 3 Koh Lak 4/12 1914. L = 301 mm; W = 138 mm.; T = 115 mm; C = 35 mm. — §@ Koh Lak 1/1 1914. L = 290 mm.; W = 136 mm.; T = 122 mm.; C = 34 mm. — Irides: red. Bill: black with the base yellowish green. Legs: greenish yellow. In the parts of the Siamese Malaya visited during my journey the Burmese Scaly- bellied Woodpecker was rather common. It never seems to ascend the higher hills and was most often met with in open jungles near the sea-shore, sometimes in company with Laughing Thrushes (Garrulax leucolophus diardi Lxss.). To the north it has been found as far as Bangkok and its neigbourhood but north of that place I never found it. My specimens perfectly well agree with the descriptions in the literature but both the specimens have much longer wings and tails than recorded. The female specimen in my collection has one of the tail-feathers quite white with a whitish shaft. It inhabits the Malay Peninsula as far south as the Patani States and Kedah but further south its place is taken by the typical race of the allied Picus vittatus VIEIu1. 168. Picus canus hessei. GyLDENsToLPE.' — The Siamese Grey-headed Green Woodpecker. Plate 3, fig. 2 & 3. Picus canus occipitalis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 47; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe II p. 229. Picus occipitalis: Oustalet 1899 p. 255. 3 Koon Tan */5 1914. L = 308 mm; W = 151,6 mm.; T = 128 mm.; C= 37,5 mm.; Tarsus = 23 mm. — ff Koon Tan **/9 1914. L = 265 mm; W = 146 mm; T = 113,2 mm; © = 34 mm.; Tarsus = 23 mm. — § Pak Koh "/, 1914. L == 330 mm.; W = 155,8 mm.; T = 122 mm.; C = 40 mm.; Tarsus = 24,5 mm. — @ Baag Hue Pong */; 1914. L = 320 mm.; W = 152,5 mm.; T = 122.6 mm.; C = 37,5 mm.; Tarsus = 22 mm. — Irides: yellowish white (f); reddish brown (Q). Bill: black. Legs: greenish black. Similar to Picus canus occipitalis Vie. from Northern India but distinguished by a smaller size. The general colouration is also much brighter than in that species. * Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. No. 2, p. 28. K, Sv, Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 12 90 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. This is especially evident in the males, where the colour of the back is very bright and mixed with yellow. The rump is washed with golden yellow and well-marked off from the rest of the upper plumage. The wings are brightly washed with olive and the under- parts of the body are much paler than in typical occipitalis. As in that species the lower mandible is pure black. The Siamese Grey-headed Green Woodpecker therefore constitute a well-marked race. I have had the pleasure of naming this new form in honour of Dr. Ericu HEssE who has made such a good work to the proper understanding of the geographical distri- bution and the generic position of the species and subspecies of several Woodpeckers. Types of the subspecies: Adult male collected at Pak Koh, Northern Siam */, 1914. Adult female, collected at Den Chai, Northern Siam "/, 1912. The female is similar to the male but is lacking the red colour on the crown, which is pure back. The general colouration is also slightly paler than that of the male. The Grey-headed Green Woodpeckers collected during my former journey 1911— 1912 and by me referred to Picus canus occipitalis Vic. also belong to the new form, as shown by a careful examination of a series. Picus canus hessei inhabits the forests of Northern Siam and was never found in the Siamese Malaya. It seems to prefer the deciduous forests to evergreen jungles. 169. Brachylophus chlorolophus chlorolophus. Vierm1. — The Small Himalayan Yellow-naped Woodpecker. Picus chlorolophus chlorolophus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 47; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe II p. 229. Gecinus chlorolophus: Barton p. 106. do Bang Hue Pong °/5 1914. L = 245 mm.; W = 136 mm; T= 96 mm; C = 27 mm. — dS Pak Koh °3/s 1914. L == 243 mm.; W = 138 mm.; T = 118 mm.; C = 25 mm. — Q Pak Koh 2/3 1914. L = 255 mm; W= 137 mm.; T = 116 mm.; C = 22,5 mm. — of Doi Par Sakeng 14/7 1914. L = 247 mm.; W = 128 mm.; T= 115 mm.; C = 25 mm. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: black with the base yellow. Legs: greenish olive. This species was rather common in the deciduous forests in the North of Siam. It was generally observed either single or in pairs. As already stated by Hareirr (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., Vol. 18 p. 60) the white spotting on the outer webs of the primaries is very inconstant, and of the 6 specimens collected in Northern Siam three are quite lacking these spots while in the other three specimens these spots are quite distinct. 170. Brachylophus chlorolophoides. GyLDENSTOLPE.’ Plate 2, fig. 3. do Koon Tan *4/, 1914. L = 255 mm.; W = 136 mm.; T = 104 mm.; C = 24 mm.; Tarsus = 18 mm. — Tris: crimson. Bill: black, edges of the base dirty yellow. Legs: brownish yellow. Description: Adult male. Upper parts yellowish green, brighter on the rump and on the upper tail-coverts, the whole upper plumage suffused with a golden shade; quills dusky brown, the inner 1 Ornith. Monatsber. 1916. No. 2, p. 29. KUNUL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 91 webs spotted with white; the outer webs of the primaries, except the first and second one margined with red, almost on their whole length, the tip only being greenish; outer se- condaries brown on their inner webs and red, washed with yellowish green on their outer webs; inner secondaries almost green with blackish brown shafts, the basal part being brown on the inner web; no white spots on the outer webs of the primaries; tail black with yellowish red broad margins on the basal part of all the tail-feathers except the outer- most pair; nasal plumes and a line in front of the eye deep black; forehead and occipital crest bright bloody-red; basal part of crown feathers greenish grey broadly tipped with bloody-red; nuchal crest golden yellow; sides of the face olive green; ear-coverts greyish olive brown; lores and a broad stripe under the ear-coverts white; superciliary stripe olive brown; broad malar stripe bloody red faitly barred with dusky olive, the feathers having grey bases; occipital crest lemon yellow; chin and breast dark brownish olive, the bases of the feathers greyish white; remainder of underparts and under tail-coverts greyish white with a faint greenish shade and barred with dusky brown; under wing- coverts and axillaries pure white though broadly barred with dusky brown; thighs smoky brown; bend of the wing white barred with dusky olive. This new species is somewhat allied to Brachylophus chlorolophus VIEILL., but differs by the intensity of the red colour of the crown and nape. Chin and throat much darker and the upper parts of the body brighter and washed with golden yellow. The malar stripe is also broader and more distinct and the tail-feathers broadly margined with yellowish red. Nuchal crest longer and brighter. Other allied forms are B. chlori- gaster longipennis Hart. from Hainan and B. chlorolophus rodgert Hart. & BUTLER, from the mountains of the Malay Peninsula. From the former which lacks the red malar stripe the new form is thus easily distinguished. Brachylophus chlorolophus rodgeri stands somewhere between B. chlorolophus VIEILL. and B. chlorigaster JERD., but differs from the former species in being much darker on the upper parts of the body, in having the abdomen darker and in having shorter wings. From B. chlorigaster it differs in being larger and in having the head green, not red. 171. Chrysophlegma miniatum malaccense. Latu. —- The Banded Red Woodpecker. Chrysophlegma mataccense: Robinson & Kloss p. 46; Grant p. 100; Bonhote p. 71; Robinson I p. 95. Callolophus malaccensis: Miller p. 420. Q Hat Sanuk 1/2 1915. L = 276 mm; W = 140 mm; T = 100 mm.; © = 28. — Irides: reddish brown. Bill: upper mandible blackish blue, lower mandible white. Legs: dark greenish olive. The Banded Red Woodpecker seems to be extremely rare and during the Expedition only two specimens were observed, the one in an evergreen forest at Hat Sanuk near the Tenasserim border northwest from Koh Lak and the other one in a thin bamboo- jungle north of Koh Lak. This is a southern form, the distributional area of which seems to extend to about Lat. N. 12°. The specimen obtained has the crown and the occipital crest rich carmine; the nuchal crest is pale greenish yellow. 92 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 172. Chrysophlegma flavinucha. Goutp. — The Large Yellow-naped Woodpecker. Chrysophlegma flavinucha: Gyldenstolpe I p. 48; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe III p. 229. Trides: reddish brown. Bill: bluish grey to white. Legs: greenish olive. Sex Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus ! mm mm mm. ! mm mm. oa Koon Tan Sly 1914 333 162,5 134 37 22 oa Koon Tan i4/y 1914 269 162 127 36 22 rou Doi Par Sakeng 2h 1914 323 163 128 37 23 fof Doi Par Sakeng 95 1914 300 154 128 38 23 oe Doi Par Sakeng 2/6 1914 300 163 123 39 22 2 Koon Tan 51/5 1914 319 163 134 34 22 e) Koon Tan 31/5 1914 310 159 | 125 34 21 ce) Koon Tan 8/6 1914 330 159 126! 33 21 9 Doi Par Sakeng | *%/s 1914 315 166 | «6193 «|S 3d 21 A fine series from different parts of Northern and Northwestern Siam. One male collected on the 12th of July at Doi Par Sakeng near the Burmese border is remarkable for the very dark colouring of the underparts of the body. The breast and especially the chest are almost bronzy brown. Even the malar region, the chin and the throat are not lemon yellow but »primuline yellow» (RIpaway. Nomel. Col. pl. 16). Another male from the same locality is exactly of the same colour. specimens have the malar region, the chin and the throat lemon yellow. The females collected at Doi Par Sakeng are, however, quite similar to those ob- tained at more southern localities and therefore I do not think it wise to split the bird into geographical races. 173. Gecinulus viridis. All the other male Buiytu. — The Southern Pale-headed Woodpecker. Gecinulus viridis: Parrot p. 108; Gyldenstolpe III p. 229; Robinson I p. 95; Robinson III p. 739. Trides: brown. Bill: bluish white. Legs: dark greenish olive. Sex Logaltis Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm mm. | ft | Dol Par Sakeng | 1014 | gar / 182 100 25 24 o Koon Tan Jo 194 287 | 1808 24 24 a Koon Tan Ye i9l4 | 215 | 12] | 85 23 22 oe || teen Gan ‘fy 1914 | 280 13189 25 23 @ Koon Tan '/; 1914 | 250 130 97 25 23 Q Doi Par Sakeng | “/, 1914 | 234 | 130 | 98 23 22 &% | Doi Par Sakeng My; 1914 240 | (122 | 94. 24 21 Q@ | Koon Tan Jo 1914 | 220 | 122 | 896 22 23 KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 93 The Southern Pale-headed Woodpecker was very abundant in the bamboo-forests of Upper Siam. In other kind of jungles it was never met with. It generally occurs single or in pairs but never in flocks or in company with other kind of Woodpeckers. Only a few times it was observed on the ground, and as soon as it was disturbed, it always flew up in a bamboo clump. The intensity of the colour of the underparts of the body seems to be somewhat variable and in some of my specimens these parts are washed with green. An allied form — Gecinulus grantia Mc CLELL. — has been recorded by Dr. Har- MAND from the Laos country but it must be extremely rare, and I never observed it during my journey. 174. Iyngipicus canicapillus. Biyru. — The Burmese Pigmy Woodpecker. Tyngipicus canicapillus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 48; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe HI p. 230; Grant p. 983 Robinson & Kloss p. 46; Robinson II p. 147; Robinson III p. 740. | Length | Wing Tail | Culmen ' Tarsus Sex Locality Date | | | mm. mm. mm , mm , mm. | | fo) Koon Tan 2 1914 138 s«88 40 18 ? Pa Hing 4h, 1914 1388 45 is list Q Bang Hue Pong 5 1914 126 81 42 15 Wf! 2 Koon Tan » 4/5 1914 | 180 85 45 15 11 ed Doi Par Sakeng "fr 1914131 87 45 15,5 ' 12 2 Koon Tan 21, 1914 | 432 79 4l 15 10 oa Bang Hue Pong = *%/s.: 1914 | 128 80 44 1b ou So . PaHing “1914 | 135 80 45 a ay o Koon ‘Tan | 81/; 1914 | 134 83 44 ie a | | o , Bang Hue Pong {| */s 1914 | 128 82 41 15 | Ihe oo | Koon Tan { i914 | 138 82 45 ih aan ie Irides: grey, yellowish white or brown. Bill: bluish black. Legs: yellowish green. A large series of this species was obtained at different places in Northern Siam. Here it was quite common, though it was never met with in evergreen jungles. The Burmese Pigmy Woodpecker is very similar to J. pumilus Haroirr. which inhabits Southern Tenasserim and some parts of the Malay Peninsula. It is, how- ever, distinguished by its smaller size and by having the central pair of the tail-feathers unspotted. This varies a great deal and some specimens are almost identical with J. canicapillus and it therefore seems to me that I. pumilus is not worthy of specific rank. 175. Pyrrhopicus pyrrhotis. Hopes. — The Red-eared Bay Woodpecker. S Doi Par Sakeng */; 1914. L —=277 mm.; W = 153 mm.; T = 98 mm.; C = 45 mm. — 2 Doi Par Sakeng ''/; 1914. L = 268 mm.; W = 142 mm.; T = 91 mm; C = 40 mm. — Trides: brown. Bill: yellowish green. Legs: brownish green. 94 “NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. A very shy and difficult bird to obtain. It was observed several times in Northern Siam and especially up among the hills, but during the whole journey I only succeeded in obtaining two specimens, both shot in a mixed bamboo forest near Doi Par Sakeng. This species generally keeps to the ground, only visiting the trees when disturbed or frightened. It, however, never climbs high up the stems but always keeps to the lower half of the tree, where it conceals itself on the hindmost side. The female specimen is immature and has the head striped with rufescent buff. The male has the under tail-coverts of the same colour as the underparts of the body or perhaps a trifle paler. The underparts are also quite unbarred. 176. Miglyptes jugularis. Briyrs. — The Black-and-Buff Woodpecker. Miglyptes jugularis: Oustalet 1899 p. 263; Gyldenstolpe 1; Gyldenstolpe II p. 230. JS Pak Koh °%/s 1914. L = 170 mm.; W = 102 mm.; T = 55 mm.; C = 19 mm. — Koon Tan 24/, 1914. L—= 163 mm; W=101 mm; T=47 mm: C = 18 mm. — @ Bang Hue Pong */5 1914, L=175 mm; W=100 mm.; T= 49 mm.; C = 19,3 mm. — & Bang Hue Pong 75/5 1914. L = 168 mm.; W = 99 mm.; T = 54 mm.; C = 18 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: greenish olive. Only obtained in the Northern hill-forests and even there rather scarce. It was most often met with in old clearings or open forests, never in thick jungle. 177. Micropternus phaioceps phaioceps. Biuyta. — The Northern Rufous Woodpecker. Micropternus phaioceps phaioceps: Gyldenstolpe I p. 48; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe HI p. 230. Micropternus phacoceps: Grant p. 99. do Doi Par Sakeng **/; 1914. = 222 mm.; W = 126 mm.: T = 76 mm.; C = 26 mm. — F Doi Par Sakeng 7/7 1914. L = 235 mm.; W = 127 mm.; T = 78 mm.; C = 24 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */5 1914. L= 230 mm.; W = 123,5 mm.; T = 83 mm.; C = 25 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour, base plumbeous. Legs: brown. The Siamese representative of the Rufous Wood-pecker must be referred to the short-winged form, which has been described by BiyTH under the above-mentioned name. In Northern India and probably Burma the Rufous Woodpecker is represented by another race which, according to Hxssz, is characterized by having wings measuring 140,5—145 mm. This race ought to be separated as M. p. blythi Mauu. Further south in Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula and the Gr. Sunda Islands an- other race occurs which has been described by VieILLoT as M. brachyurus and this race is characterized by having the tail equally barred rufous and black, while in M. phaioceps the black bars are much narrower than the rufous ones. In WM. brachyurus the scale-like feathers are more conspicuous than those in M. phaioceps. The pair shot at Doi Par Sakeng in North-western Siam are very pale coloured on their heads, and the black centres to the feathers are almost obsolete. In their general appearance they are much paler than the specimen obtained at Koon Tan, which is of a rich rufous colour on the upper parts of the body. This specimen is probably an immature bird, because the underparts of the body are varied with black crescentic marks. In the specimens from Doi Par Sakeng the black bars of the tail-feathers are almost obsolete and there are only a few black spots and blotches. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 95 178. Tiga javanensis intermedia. Briyru. — The Common Golden-backed Three-toed Woodpecker. Tiga javanensis: Gyldenstolpe 1 p. 49; Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe IT] p. 230; Barton p. 106; Parrot p. 107; Robinson & Kloss p. 47; Oustalet 1899 p. 265; Grant p. 99; Bonhote p. 72; Robinson I p. 95. Tiga tridactyla: Gould p. 151. Tiga intermedia: Schomburgk p. 257. Chrysonotus javanensis: Miller p. 416. Chrysonotus intermedius: Finsch & Conrad p. 356. © Koh Lak *%/ 1914. = 257 mm.; W = 142 mm.; T = 109 mm.; C= 27 mm. — ¢ Pak Koh M4 1914. L = 302 mm.; W = 149 mm.; T = 112 mm.; C = 30 mm. — J Koon Tan °/p 1914. L = 265 mm.; W = 147 mm.; T = 105 mm.; C = 30 mm. — @ Chum Poo */s 1914. L = 269 mm.; W = 154 mm.; T = 121 mm.; C = 29 mm. — J Pak Tha ?*/3 1914. L= 280 mm.; W = 149 mm.; T = 114 mm.; C= 32 mm. — Irides: brownish red. Legs: greenish grey. The specimens of the Common Golden-backed Three-toed Woodpecker which I collected in Siam all belong to the long-winged form. Curiously enough this race is also found in India, Bengal, Nepal and Assam and then occurs again in Java. In the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra a form with shorter wings occurs, which is the typical T7ga java- nensis of LIUNG. The whitish elongated stripes of the crown in the females shows a great deal of variation and in some specimens the whole head and nape is striped, while in other the occiput and nape are only faintly striped, being almost black with only a few spots. Even as far south as at Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya the long-winged race was found. 179. Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus guttacristatus. Tick. — Tickell’s Golden-backed Woodpecker. Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus: Robinson & Kloss p. 47; Grant p. 99; Robinson II p. 147. do Pak Koh */3 1914. L = 293 mm.; W = 168 mm.; T = 111 mm.; C == 45 mm. — 2 Pak Koh 4 1914, L = 265 mm.; W = 161 mm.; T == 104 mm.; C = 43 mm. — @ Koon Tan 31/, 1914. L = 310 mm.; W = 168 mm.; T = 105 mm.; C = 414 mm. — Irides: yellowish red. Bill: blackish grey. Legs: green- ish olive. During my former journey in Siam I collected specimens of the Golden-backed Woodpecker which belonged to the race described by Hessk under the name of Chryso- colaptes guttacristatus indo-malayicus. This is evidently a southern form which inhabits Siam north to about Lat. N. 18°. It is merely separated from the northern typical C’. g. guttacristatus by its size. In the most northern districts, where the collecting was chiefly undertaken during my recent trip, I only met with the typical form. Up here Tickell’s Golden-backed Wood- pecker was rather rare and only a few specimens were observed or obtained. South of Lat. N. 18° the southern race was very common in the open deciduous forests and was certainly one of the most characteristical birds to that kind of vegetation. 96 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 180. Hemicercus canente. Lxzss. — The Heart-spotted Woodpecker. Hemicercus canente: Oustalet 1899 p. 267; Gyldenstolpe I p. 50; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe TI p. 230. do Chum Poo 3/5 1914. L = 145 mm.; W = 95 mm.; T == 37 mm.; C = 22,5 mm. — @ Pak Koh 54, 1914. L =.156 mm; W = 97; T= 39 mm.; C = 22,5 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Heart-spotted Woodpecker was rather rare at the localities visited by the Ex- pedition and was only observed in Northern Siam where it occurred in thick, evergreen jungles or in open deciduous forests. As regards the colour the Siamese specimens agree perfectly well with the descrip- tion in the literature but the males have only the forehead speckled with minute spots of yellowish buff; the occiput, nape and crest-feathers being pure black with a faint gloss of purple. In the females the lower parts are much darker than those of the males. These parts are almost black in the females while in the males they are dark olivaceous. Only the thighs, vent and under tail-coverts are black. 181. Miulleripicus pulverulentus harterti. Hrsse. — The Great Slaty Woodpecker. Miilleripicus pulverulentus harterti: Gyldenstolpe I p. 50; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe IIT p. 230. Alophonerpes pulverulentus: Robinson & Kloss p. 47; Robinson I p. 95. d. Doi Par Sakeng */; 1914. L = 476 mm.; W = 242 mm.; T = 186.mm.; C = 65 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan *'/, 1914. L—= 485 mm.; W = 235 mm.; T = 191 mm.; C == 64 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: horn colour with the base plumbeous grey. Legs: plumbeous or dark greenish olive. The Great Slaty Woodpecker is by no means a common bird in Siam, though gener- ally distributed over the Northern parts of the country. As it is very shy and on the same time keeps to the highest trees it is not easy to obtain. It goes about either in pairs or in small parties and its shrill call is often heard. In the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java the smaller race occurs and this is the typical M. p. pulverulentus TEM. 182. Thriponax javensis feddeni. Branr. — The Burmese Great Black Woodpecker. Thriponax javensis feddeni: Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe HII p. 230. Thriponax javensis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 50; Miller p. 424; Robinson & Kloss p. 47. 3d Hue San */s 1912. W = 212 mm; T= 157 mm; C = 49 mm. — @ Koon Tan 19/, 1914. L = 395 mm.; W = 215 mm.; T = 159 mm.; C = 47 mm. — Irides: yellowish white. Bill: black. Legs: greyish blue. This beautiful Woodpecker was rather rare in the parts of Siam visited by the Ex- pedition and I only succeeded in obtaining two specimens which both were shot in decid- uous forests. Like the Great Slaty Woodpecker (Miilleripicus pulverulentus harterti, HeEssg.) this species is also very shy and difficult to obtain. It, however, never seems to live very high up in the large trees and it was mostly observed near the ground. It goes about in small parties of about 4 to 6 birds. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 97 183. Picumnus innominatus malayorum. Harr. — The Speckled Piculet. do Koon Tan */, 1914. L = 87 mm.; W = 55 mm.; T = 29 mm.; C == 10 mm.; Tarsus = 9 mm. — Trides: black. Bill: black. Legs: plumbeous. A single male specimen of the Speckled Piculet was collected in a narrow valley among the Koon Tan mountains. During one of my excursions I was attracted by the faint tapping of a Woodpecker or a Nuthatch quite close to me. It lasted quite a long time before I could locate the bird. Suddenly I caught sight of a specimen of this species which was busily tapping on a thin bamboo sapling. This race has been separated from the typical P. 7. innominatus BURTON, on account of its darker colouring and of its olive-brown crown. The specimen obtained, which was sexed male, has a few feathers of the forehead tipped with orange-red. These same feathers have a subterminal quite distinct black bar. At the base of the bill there is a narrow line of a greenish olive colour. 184. Sasia ochracea reichenowi. Hrssz. — The Rufous Piculet. do Doi Par Sakeng *°/o 1914. L = 87 mm.; W = 52,5 mm.; T = 23,5 mm.; C = 12 mm.; Tarsus = 10 mm. — Trides: crimson. Bill: horn colour, max: plumbeous grey. Legs: orange. The Rufous Piculet inhabiting Siam belongs to the same form which Hessx (Ornith. Monatsber. 1911 p. 181) has separated under the name of S. 0. reichenowi. This subspe- cific race also inhabits North Cachar, Burma and Tenasserim. It is chiefly characterized by being much brighter coloured on the upper and under parts of the body. Its size is also much smaller than typical S. ochracea Hopes. During my journey only a single male specimen was obtained by my Dyak collector. It was shot at the slopes of Doi Par Sakeng, a fairly high limestone mountain situated south of Muang Fang, a small town in Northwestern Siam not far from the Burmese frontier. I myself never observed it and it is probably a very rare bird though it is very easy to escape notice on account of its small size. Fam. Capitonide. 185. Megalema virens. Bopp. — The Great Chinese Barbet. Megalema virens: Gyldenstolpe III p. 230. eee Hecate Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mim. mm. y 2 Koon Tan | Js 1914 300 128 97 32 28 CS Koon Tan Sf 1914 270 130 96 30 i 28 foe Doi Par Sakeng MW/p 1914 280 134 99 37 29 2 Doi Par Sakeng 18/; 1914 290 132 98 38 27 fof Koon Tan 476 1914 302 130 105 36 26 g Doi Par Sakeng 1 1914 295 136 lll 40 27 2 Koon Tan %/o 1914 300 132 103 40 26 ot Doi Par Sakeng 18/7 1914 322 142 105 40 28 fou Koon Tan 5g 1914 277 137 100 34 29 K. Sy. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 13 98 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. Trides: brown. Bill: yellow with the tip blackish brown. Legs: greenish olive. The Great Chinese Barbet was not uncommon among the hills of Northern Siam. A fine series was obtained and among these birds there is a considerable amount of vari- ation as to the yellowish streaks of the hind neck. In some specimens these streaks are very well-marked, but in other ones they are almost absent or only faintly indicated. This fine Barbet inhabits the deciduous forests'as well as the evergreen jungles though it seems to be more sparsely distributed in the former kind of vegetation. Their note is a loud »pio-pio-pio», often repeated and when one bird starts calling the other ones in the flock at once answer. 186. Cyanops asiatica. Latru. — The Blue-throated Barbet. GQ Doi Par Sakeng °/; 1914. L = 208 mm.; W = 103 mm.; T= 71 mm.; C = 24 mm. — @ Doi Vieng Par 18/7 1914. L = 195 mm.; W = 97 mm.; T = 67 mm.; C = 25 mm. — ¢ Koon Tan */; 1914. L = 235 mm; W= 106 mm; T=74 mm; C = 25 mm. — of Koon Tan 5/6 1914. L = 213 mm.; W = 105 mm.; T = 73 mm.; C = 24. — Irides: brownish red. Bill: horn colour, base dirty yellow. Legs: greenish olive. This species was only found in the dense evergreen jungles among the hills of North- ern Siam and was nowhere common, the commonest species being Cyanops davisoni, Hume. This latter species was, however, more an inhabitat of the mixed deciduous jung- les than of the damp evergreen forests. The notes of the two species’ are quite similar and their habits are the same too. 187. Cyanops davisoni. Humr. — Davison’s Blue-throated Barbet. Cyanops davisoni: Gyldenstolpe III p. 230; Robinson I p. 94; Gairdner p. 149. Sex Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus mm. mm. mm. mm. mm. ee Koon Tan M/s 1914 220 98 63 22.5 20 fe) Koon Tan 19/) 1914 198 97 65 29 22 2 Koon Tan 29/4, 1914 216 103 73 25 21 J Nong Bea fr 1914 200 101 66 23 | 9 o | Doi Par Sakeng ; 1/7 1914 188 100 64 2 |) (Ql fe) Doi Par Sakeng | 4/7 1914 213 99 66 22 23 o | Doi Par Sakeng | '4/r 1914 221 101.68 22 22 o Koon ‘lan 23/5 1914 205 95 64 21 2 o Koon Tan | “Jo 1914 | 200 100 63 20 22 Irides: brown. Bill: upper mandible horn colour, lower mandible dirty yellow, base of both mandibles dirty yellow. Legs: greenish olive. Davison’s Blue-throated Barbet, which was originally described from the Central portions of Tenasserim, was rather common among the hill-forests of Northern and North- western Siam where a fine series was obtained. As compared with specimens from Ahsown in Tenasserim the Siamese birds are absolutely identical and there is no difference either in size or colour. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 99 188. Gyanops ramsayi. Waup. — Ramsay’s Golden-throated Barbet. do Doi Par Sakeng */7 1914. = 187 mm.; W = 98 mm.; T = 60 mm; © = 21 mm.; Tarsus = 21 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: yellowish green. I only met with this species once in Northwestern Siam, where a male specimen was shot on the slopes of a limestone hill near Doi Par Sakeng. In no other parts of the country it was obtained or observed why it seems to be exceedingly rare in Siam. When the specimen was shot it was in company with some other kind of Barbets, such as Therciceryx lineatus hodgsont Br. and Cyanops davisoni Humes. and the birds were busily feeding on the fruits of a banyan tree. 189. Therciceryx phaeostricta. Br. Therciceryx pheostricta saigonensis: Gyldenstolpe Il; Gyldenstolpe II p. 230. Therciceryx pheostricta: Robinson III p. 737. Sex : Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus | mm. | mm mm. mm mm. | [og Koon Tan ‘fs 1914 235 | 112 77 28 23 : gt Koon Tan 1914 | 2939 1 75 28 25 ad. Koon Tan 1914 ~— | 4 15 25 23,5 ee Doi Par Sakeng | 7/: 1914 212112 71 24 25 ov Koon Tan %/s 1914 225 110 69,6 25 24 fe) Koon Tan 4/5 1914 230 | 110 73 26 24 se Koon Tan 5/9 1914 2200, 5 76 26 23 | og | Koon Tan 1/5 1914 | 240 | 112 80 25 24 | Q | Koon Tan “fo 1914 | 245 © 110 80 29 25 |; ot Koon Tan M/s 1914 215 Lil 71 21 24 2 Koon Tan “75 1914 250 | 110 80 27 24 | fod Koon Tan Me 1914 212 | 111 74 24 24 | ot Doi Par Sakeng | */r 1914 202 = «12 72 26 24 Irides: brown to reddish brown. Bill: horn colour with the base plumbeous. Legs: greenish olive. This Barbet was fairly common in the Northern hill-forests as for instance at Koon . Tan and at Doi Par Sakeng and a fine series was obtained. NEUMANN separated the form inhabiting the lower Cochin China on account of its smaller size and comparatively shorter bill from typical Th. phaeostricta Br. which inhabits Annam, Tonkin and Southern China. As seen by the measures taken on the series from Siam the bills are a little shorter than what is stated for typical phaeostricta viz. 29—30 mm., but the wings in these same Siamese specimens are quite as large as those of typical pheostricta and NEUMANN’s type specimen for his Th. p. saigonensis may only have been an exceptionally small bird. I therefore think that saigonensis NEuM. is not worthy of subspecific separation. This is also confirmed by what has recently been stated by Ropinson for the birds col- lected by Mr. BopEn Kuoss in the Chantaboon District of Southeastern Siam, thus on localities situated not far from the place where NreumaANN’s type was collected. 100 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. 190. Therciceryx lineatus hodgsoni. Br. — The Lineated Barbet. Thereiceryx lineatus hodgsoni: Gyldenstolpe I p. 50; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 230. Cyanops lineata: Oustalet 1899 p. 249; Bonhote p. 73. Therciceryx lineata: Grant p. 102. Therciceryx lineatus: Gairdner p. 149. Sex Locality Date Length | Wing Tail Culmen | Tarsus | mm mm. mm. mm. mm | a Koon Tan ‘Js 1914 | 235 119 73 29,5 26 9 Doi Par Sakeng | "J, 1914 | 248 122 75 | 29 26 ; Doi Par Sakeng | 2%; 1914 252 122 84. 32 26 oa Koon Tan q 19/9 1914 | 260 130 84 32 26,5 a Koon Tan 22 Jy 1914 | 945 127 87 31 24,5 g Pak Tha 13/5 1914 | 280 129 87 32 245 | ov Pak Koh 741914 , 270 | 133 90 | 33 2 o Koon Tan ‘e194 | 270 | 124 8l 30 26,5 | | Koon Tan 8/g 1914 ! 260 124 84 32 2% a Pak Tha Ws 1914 272129 91,5 | 33 27 | ¢ | Dal Par @akeng | 1914 | 253 | 125 85 30 26 | g Doi Par Sakeng | % 1914 | 250 121 8. | 34 a7 | Irides: brown to chocolate brown. Bill: yellowish brown or dirty yellow. Legs: yellowish brown. The northern, larger race of the Lineated Barbet is very common indeed over the whole of Northern Siam. It even occurred in the Siamese Malaya though less abundant. It frequents open deciduous forests as well as damp evergreen jungles, and its loud call is generally heard, even during the hottest hours of the day. It feeds entirely on fruits and this species as well as the other kind of Barbets collected during my journey were exceptionally rich in intestinal worms. 191. Mesobucco duvaugli cyanotis, Bryra. — The Blue-eared Barbet. Mesobucco cyanotis: Robinson & Kloss p. 43; Robinson “I p. 94. Cyanops cyanotis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 51; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 230. Mesobucco duvaugli orientalis: Robinson II p. 738. 1 juv. Koon Tan, June 1914. W = 81 mm.; T = 48 mm.; C = 16 mm.; Tarsus = 17 mm. The Blue-eared Barbet seems to be extremely rare in Siam at least in the parts of the country visited during my journey. The specimen obtained is apparently immature, being almost green with only a slight indication of the blue colour on the ear-coverts. It apparently belongs to the typical form and not to the subspecies recently de- scribed by Ropinson under the name of Mesobucco duvaugli orientalis and founded on a single specimen obtained by Boprn Kuioss on Koh Mehsi (Southeastern Siam) during his recent trip to the Chantaboon province. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 101 192. Xantholema hematocephala. P. L. S. Mitty. — The Crimson-breasted Barbet. Xantholema indica: Gould p. 151. Megalema philippensis: Schomburgk p. 258. Xantholema hemacephala: Miller p. 427. Xantholema hematocephala: Oustalet 1899 p. 250; Flower p. 325; Robinson & Kloss p. 44; Grant p. 101; Bonhote p. 73; Williamson I p. 45; Gyldenstolpe I p. 51; Robinson I p. 95; Gairdner p. 149; Gylden- stolpe IT p. 230. | Sey Locality | Date Length | Wing | Tail Culmen | Tarsus | mm. mm. mm. mim. mm. | | ! o Koh Lak 27hy 1914 142 82 39 ! 16 16 ; Pak Koh 207; 1914 142 82 39,5 | 16 16 fof Bang Hue Pong’ ‘%/s 1914 160 84,5 40 | 16 16 rot Pak Koh 8/3 1914 160 83 44 | 17 16 , 8 Koon Tan | ‘fi 1914 150 80 se | ip ye | Q juv. Koon Tan | "fs 1914 ; 152 80 345 , 17 | 16 Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: pale coral. Generally distributed over the whole country but never in dense forests. Most often met with in the dry deciduous forests and at the neighbourhood of open, cultivated land. Fam. Cuculide. 193. Coccystes coromandus. Linn. -—- The Red-winged Crested Cuckoo. Coccystes coromandus: Williamson I p. 46; Barton p. 107; Robinson & Kloss p. 39; Miller p. 406; Oustalet 1899 p. 269; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 233. do (?) Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 163 mm.; T = 234 mm.; C = 23 mm.; Tarsus 24 = mm. The Red-winged Crested Cuckoo was rather rare in the parts of Siam visited by my Expedition. It was only observed at two different occasions and both these times in the Northern districts. It frequents low shrub-jungle and is quite tame and easy to ob- serve. Outside Siamese Territory it has been found in the Indian Peninsula, Ceylon, the Burmese countries, China, the Malay Peninsula, the Gr. Sunda Islands and the Philip- pines. 194. Cacomantis merulinus. Scor. — The Rufous-bellied Cuckoo. Cacomantis merulinus: Oustalet 1899 p. 270; Robinson & Kloss p. 40; Williamson I p. 46; Robinson II p. 146; Grant p. 105. Cacomantis merulinus querulus: Gyldenstolpe III p. 232. In a brushwood jungle a few miles north of Koh Lak a single specimen of this Cuckoo was observed on the 22nd of January 1915. 102. NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. It most probably belonged to the race, named C. m. querulus by Herne. This race inhabits the Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Siam, Southern China and Hainan and has been recorded once before from Northern Siam. (vide: GYL- DENSTOLPE, Siam. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. I No. 4). Specimens from the Malay Peninsula are almost intermediate between typical CG. m. merulinus Scop. and C. m. querulus HEINE. — 195. Surniculus lugubris dicruroides. Hopes. — The Cuckoo Drongo. Surniculus lugubris: Gyldenstolpe III p. 232; Robinson & Kloss p. 39; Grant p. 106. Cacangelus lugubris: Miller p. 404. 2 Ban Meh Na *4/, 1914. L = 238 mm; W = 185 mm.; T = 134 mm.; C = 17 mm. — Irides: black. Bill: black. Legs: black. The Cuckoo Drongo seems to be fairly rare in Siam and only one specimen was ob- tained near Ban Meh Na, a small village situated at the foot of the Chieng Dao mountain in Northern Siam. As shown by STRESEMANN (Novitates Zoologice Vol. 20. p. 341, 1913) the Cuckoo Drongos from Sikkim, Assam, Burma, Tenasserim, Southern Shan States, Hainan, Sze- schuan and Siam are larger than specimens from Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Penin- sula and ought to be referred to the race described by Hopson as Surniculus dicruroides which has the underparts of the body darker and more glistening than specimens from the latter localities. The typical race S. lugubris Horsr. inhabits Java and Ceylon while the race from Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula has been named S. I. brachyurus by STRESE- MANN. The relative length of the wing and the tail in two specimens from Java among the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum of Stockholm does not quite agree with the measurements given by STRESEMANN (tom. cit. p. 340) as seen by the measures taken on our Javan birds which have the wing measuring 133 & 122 mm. resp. and the tail 144 & 132 mm. resp. 196. Hierococcyx sparverioides. Vic. — The Large Hawk-Cuckoo. Hierococcyx sparverioides: Gyldenstolpe III p. 232; Williamson I p. 46; Robinson & Kloss p. 40. do Koon Tan *8/5 1914. L == 395 mm.; W = 237 mm.; T = 223 mm.; C = 22 mm. — 1 juv. Koon Tan 1914. W = 219 mm.; T = 218 mm.; C = 25 mm. — Irides: pale yellow. Bill: greenish yellow. Legs: yellow. The Large Hawk-Cuckoo was rather rare in the parts of Siam visited during my journey and it was only confined to the Northern and Central parts of the country where it isa resident. It frequents thin tree jungle and was never observed in evergreen forests. In the Siamese Malaya it was never met with though it at least occurs as far south as Bangkok from where it has been recorded by WILLIAMSON. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 5§. N:0 2. 103 197. Penthoceryx sonnerati. LatH. — The Banded Bay Cuckoo. Penthoceryx sonnerati: Gyldenstolpe I p. 58; Williamson I p. 46; Robinson & Kloss p. 40; Miller p. 404. © Pa Hing /s 1914. L = 240 mm.; W = 119 mm; T = 126 mm.; C = 22 mm.; Tarsus = 15 mm. — Irides: yellowish brown. Bill: black. Legs: greenish grey. A single female specimen of the Banded Bay Cuckoo was obtained on the top of a low hill near Pa Hing in Northern Siam. It belongs to the typical race and not to the smaller form which inhabits the Malay Peninsula and Islands. This southern form has been given the name of P. s. pravatus Horsr. and may eventually be found in the Siamese Malaya. 198. Eudynamis orientalis malayana. Cas. & Herne. — The Indian Koél. Eudynamis honorata: Gyldenstolpe I p. 58; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 233; Barton p. 107; Flower p. 326; Williamson I p. 46; Gairdner p. 32; Oustalet 1899 p. 271; Grant p. 105; Bonhote p. 74; Gairdner p. 150; Robinson III p. 737. Eudynamis orientalis malayana; Parrot p. 109. Eudynamis orientalis: Robinson «& Kloss p. 41; Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 259; Robinson II p. 146. Eudynamis malayana: Finsch & Conrad p. 356. Eudynamis malayanus: Miller p. 406. @ Bang Hue Pong */5 1914. LL = 400 mm.; W = 199 mm.; T = 202 mm.; C = 30 mm.; Tarsus = 30 mm. — @ Koon Tan 4/5 1914. L = 408 mm.; W = 202 mm.; T = 206 mm.; C = 28 mm.; Tarsus = 30 mm. — Irides: red. Bill: greenish yellow. Legs: blackish grey. Though the Koél is rather common and generally distributed over the whole of Siam, I only succeeded in obtaining two females, the one shot at Koon Tan and the other one at Bang Hue Pong, both places in Northern Siam and situated not far from each other. It is with some hesitation that I have referred the Koél’s from Siam to the sub- species malayana. In the literature there is a great confusion about this species, which highly needs a revision based on a large material. CoLtincwoop Ineram described as lately as 1912 (Novitates Zoologice Vol. 20 p. 279) the race inhabiting Hainan as £. o. harterti, which is separated from the Indian bird, £. 0. honoratus LINN., on account of its having a conspicuously larger bill and larger wings. In the collections of the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm there are unfortunately no specimens from the Indian Continent, but according to some measure- ments recorded in the literature the Siamese specimens seem to be larger than the Indian race, thus more approaching £. o. harterti or E. 0. malayana Cas. & HEINE to which latter subspecies I have referred them in the present paper. 199. Centropus sinensis intermedia. Humr. — The Crow-Pheasant. Centropus sinensis: Gyldenstolpe I p. 59; Gyldenstolpe II; Williamson I p. 46; Barton p. 107; Robinson & Kloss p. 41; Gairdner p. 32; Grant p. 105; Bonhote p. 74; Gairdner p. 150. Centropus sinensis sinensis: Parrot p. 109. Centropus philippensis: Gould p. 151; Schomburgk p. 258. 104 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM Centropus rufipennis: Miller p. 411. Centropus sinensis intermedius: Robinson I p. 93; Robinson II p. 146; Gyldenstolpe III p. 233. @ Koon Tan 5/5 1914. L = 480 mm.; W = 196 mm.; T = 266 mm; C = 36 mm. — @ Doi Par Sakeng /; 1914. L = 415 mm.; W = 189 mm.; C = 36 mm. — Irides: ad.: red. juv.: greyish white. Bill: ad.: black. juv.: horn colour. Legs: black. As pointed out by STRESEMANN (Nov. Zool. Vol. 20. 1913 p. 322) the Crow Pheasants inhabiting Siam, the Indo Burmese countries south to the Northern Malay Peninsula, ought to be separated under a subspecific name on account of their smaller size and somewhat differing colour. This species is rather common over the whole country in shrub- or secondary jungles and in such localities its loud call is generally heard. 200. Rhopodytes tristis hainanus. Harr. — The Large Green-billed Malkoha. Rhopodytes tristis hainanus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 58; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 233; Robinson III p. 737. Rhopodytes tristis: Barton p. 107; Robinson & Kloss p. 42; Oustalet 1899 p. 274; Grant p. 103; Bonhote p. 75; Robinson I p. 94; Robinson II p. 146. eee Geashiy Date Length Wing Tail | Culmen | Tarsus ay Koon Tan M/s 1914 583 163 452 31 34 @ Koon Tan fe 1914 | B15 154 358 29 a4 et Koon Tan %fe 1914 _ 165 | 330 30 33 of Koh Lak 19/12 1914 530 152 382 28 31 | ed Koh Lak 12/49 1914 495 157 363 31 34 | & | Doi Par Sakeng | “/; 1914 480 153 316 29 sl ce) Pak Koh 1/3 1914 620 163 435 30 33 Q Pak Koh 9/s 1914 5T5 163 415 28 34 ? Koon Tan 28/, 1914 510 147. | 342 | 28 33 | Trides: brown. Bill: green. Legs: greenish grey. This race of the Large Green-billed Malkoha was rather common in shrub- and se- condary jungles over the whole of Siam. Sometimes it was also observed in evergreen forests. In such kind of vegetation I once found a nest containing two newly hatched youngs and one egg. The nest was situated almost at the top of a tree quite close to the stem and very difficult to see from a distance. Even in the Siamese Malaya this species occurs and it has also been recorded by Rosinson & Kuoss from the Northern portions of the Malay Peninsula. The allied Rhopodytes diardi Luss. is also recorded from Northern Siam (conf. Barton. Journal Siam, Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. I. Nr. 2 p. 107), but though I made a careful lookout for that species I never observed it in any part of the country visited by the Ex- pedition. If the bird recorded by Barron is not wrongly identified it adds a considerable area of distribution to that species which is a southern form. Davison who spent several years in Tenasserim and collected assidously remarks that »it is entirely confined to the southernmost district of the province and meets R. tristis about Mergui and replaces it southwards of this place». KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR, BAND 56. w:0 2. : 105 Fam. Trogonide. 201. Pyrotrogon erythrocephalus. Goutp. — The Red-headed Trogon. Harpactes erythrocephalus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 57; Gyldenstolpe I]; Gyldenstolpe III p. 232; Oustalet 1899 p. 278; Barton p. 107; Robinson III p. 735. oS Doi Par Sakeng “/; 1914. L = 295 mm.; W = 147 mm.; T = 194 mm.; B = 24 mm. — ¢ Doi Par Sakeng 2% 1914. I = 303 mm; W = 146 mm; T= 191 mm.; B= 24 mm. — f Koon Tan ""/o 1914. L—=330 mm; W = 148 mm; T = 203 mm; B= 24 mm. — 2 Koon Tan */y 1914. L = 325 mm.; W = 150 mm; T = 201 mm; B= 24 mm. — @ Koon Tan *%/5 1914. L = 301 mm.; W = 149 mm.; T= 193 mm.; B= 25 mm. — Irides: reddish brown ¢; brown Q. Bill: black with the base blue. Legs: whitish grey. The Red-headed Trogon was generally distributed over the well-wooded parts of Northern Siam, though nowhere very common. The colour of the irides seems to be variable. One fine male from Northwestern Siam has the iris bright red while other males in my collection have it pale brown or inclining to reddish brown. The females, however, have the irides constantly brown. 202. Pyrotrogon oreskios. Temm. — The Yellow-breasted Trogon. Harpactes oreskios: Gyldenstolpe I p. 57; Gyldenstolpe II; Gyldenstolpe III p. 232; Oustalet 1899 p. 279; Gairdner p. 150. Pyrotrogon orescios: Robinson & Kloss p. 39; Grant p. 106; Robinson I p. 92; Robinson III p. 736. eee one Date | Length | Wing | Tail [Bill from gape | | mm. mm. mm. mm. | | of Koon Tan Se 1914 280 125 174 21,3 _. Koon Tan "%, 1914 280 126 182 2 a Koon Tan Sf, 1914 | 265 129 182 21,5 | Pa Hing J 1914 | 263 126 | 180 22 ie} Koon Tan 24/6 1914 | 270 124 181 22 9 Koon Tan Bf, 1914 271 127 177 21 2 Pak Koh 8/y 1914 263 121 173 20 Q Pak Koh 4/5 1914 275 125 169 19,8 Q Koh Lak Paa Taz 1914 290 1265 | 179 | 21,5 Trides: brownish black. Bill: bluish black. Legs: bluish green. The Yellow-breasted Trogon is generally distributed over the whole of Northern Siam, where it seems to be less addicted to the evergreen forests than Pyrotrogon erythro- cephalus GOULD. It is quite a tame and fearless bird. When disturbed it retires to a tree close by the place from where it was flushed away and then it always turns the back with its plain colouring against the disturber, never showing the brilliant colours of the breast and underparts of the body. It has a smacking note which is fairly loud and may be heard some distance. K, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl. Band 56. N:o 2. 14 106 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. A nest of this fine species was found on the 11th of March 1914 at the neighbourhood of Pak Koh. It was placed in an open hole of a decayed tree and contained two café-au- lait coloured eggs. There was not the slightest trace of a nest and only a few pieces of wood constituted the bottom. 23,7 X 23,2 mm. 20,5 x 20,5 mm. Measurements of eggs: Fam. Cypselide. 203. Cheetura sp. During my stay at a small river called Hue San Noi about one day’s march south of Chieng Hai, I observed some specimens of a Chetura (probably Chetura gigantea in- dica HumE which I previously found in similar conditions in Northern Siam) flying up and down the small river just before dusk. Some other specimens were also observed at the neighbourhood of Pak Koh on the 18th of March 1914. 204. Collocalia francica germaini. Oust. — The Little Grey-rumped Swiftlet. do Koh Lak “/i 1914. L = 125 mm.; W = 116 mm.; T = 55 mm.; C = 4,5 mm. — @ Koh Lak M/ye 1914. I, = 115 mm.; W = 119 mm.; T = 54,5 mm.; C = 4 mm. — Iris: black. Bill: black. Legs: brown. Both the specimens of Collocalia I obtained near Koh Lak in the Siamese Malaya ought to be referred to the race described by OvusTaLzET (Bull. Soc. Philom. France, 1876) under the name of Collocalia germaini. One of my specimens (¢) is, however, practically intermediate between this race and C. francica inexpectata HumME from the Andaman Islands. This male specimen has the upper surface of the body decidedly darker and the rumpband is of a smoky brown colour; the black shaft-stripes of the rump-feathers are, however, very conspicuous, hence declining to C. francica germaini. In the general appearance this race is very similar to C. f. terreregine Ramsay, from Australia, but is distinguished by greater size and by having darker upper parts. OBERHOLSER in his »Monograph of the Genus Collocalia» (Proc. Acad. Nat. Science. Philadelphia, Vol. 58, 1906, p. 198) gives the wing in C. francica terreregine as measuring 110—111 mm. and Srresemann (Novitates Zoologice, Vol. 19, 1912, p. 351) records the wing as 111—116 mm. Two specimens (Jo) of C. francica terreregine from Queensland in the collections of the R. Nat. Hist. Mus. in Stockholm have the wings measuring 115—117 mm.; tail = 65—59 mm. and the tarsus 10—9,5 mm. At the neighbourhood of Koh Lak these Swiftlets were rather common from No- vember to the end of January and mixed up together with Apus affinis subfurcatus Biytu., though always rather difficult to obtain on account of their flying at a considerable height. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 107 205. Tachornis infumata. Scit. — The Eastern Palm Swiftlet. Tachornis infumata: Grant p. 107; Robinson & Kloss p. 38; Robinson II p. 146. ai Collocalia fuciphaga: Williamson I p. 46 (Specimens wrongly identified and ought to be Tachornis infumata). I got a single specimen of this species shot out of a large flock a few miles south of Koh Lak. Unfortunately the specimen was too badly damaged to be preserved. 206. Apus affinis subfurcatus. BiytH. — The Malay House-Swift. © Koh Lak '/,2 1914. L = 145 mm.; W = 137 mm; T = 56 mm.; C = 6 mm. — Irides: brown. Bill: black. Legs: brown. Observed and obtained together with Collocalia francica germaini Oust. in the Siam- ese Malaya. Here it was rather common though difficult to obtain as the birds always were flying at a considerable height. In the North of Siam I never met with it though it may occur. Outside Siamese Territory it has been recorded from Tenasserim, Southern China, Cochin China, the Malay Peninsula and the Gr. Sunda Islands. Fam. Macropterygide. 207. Hemiprocne coronata. Tick. — The Indian Crested Swift. Macropteryx coronata: Oustalet 1903 p. 2; Barton p. 107. og Ban Meh Na *4/5 1914. L = 200 mm; W = 160 mm.; T = 111 mm; C = 6 mm. — Q Doi Par Sakeng “/; 1914. L = 203 mm.; W = 153 mm.; T == 117 mm.; C = 5,5 mm. — i Ban Mch Na "4/5 1914. L = 245 mm; W= 159 mm; T= 149 mm; C=6 mm. — & Koon Tan 3/5 1914. L= 172 mm.; W = 152 mm.; T = 74 mm.; C = 5,5 mm. — J Doi Par Sakeng 1/7 1914. L = 184 mm.; W = 152 mm.; = 99,5 mm.; C = 6 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: black. Legs: dark reddish brown. Fairly common and generally distributed among the hill-tracts of Northern Siam. They are as a rule assembled in small flocks of about 8 to 10 individuals and were now and then seen perching on dead trees. When flying they utter a note remembering of that of a Paroquet though it is never very loud. I never saw them keep their long crests erect when perching, as has been stated by other observers. Fam. Caprimulgide. 208. Lyncornis cerviniceps. Goutp. — The Great Hared Nightjar. Lyncornis cerviniceps: Robinson & Kloss p, 38; Gyldenstolpe WI p. 232; Gairdner p. 150; Robinson III p. 735. S Hat Sanuk °°/: 1915. L = 405 mm.; W = 299 mm.; T = 220 mm. — ¢ Hat Sanuk 29/1 1915. L= 400 mm.; W = 307 mm.; T = 222 mm. — J Hat Sanuk */2 1915. L = 405 mm.; W = 302 mm; T = 218 mm. -—- gf juv. Koon Tan, May 1914. W = 249 mm.; T = 175 mm. — Trides: blackish brown. Bill: brown. Legs: pale brown. 108 NILS GYLDENSTOLPE, ZOOLOGICAL RESULTS OF THE SWEDISH ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITIONS TO SIAM. This magnificent Nightjar was rather common in the well-wooded portions of Siam, though not quite as common in the North as among the mountains on the Tenasserim frontier in the Siamese Malaya. Here, and especially at Hat Sanuk, numbers of specimens appeared just after sunset, at first flying at a considerable height then getting lower and lower down. Especially during moonlight nights they came in mighty numbers, making their presence known by their melancolic whistling notes. Like Davison I never found them roosting on the ground, never did I see them at daylight but fo a single female specimen which I flushed up from the ground in a very dense evergreen forest near the Hat Sanuk creek on the 18th of February 1915. I here also found a nest containing only one egg of an oval shape. The colour was creamy white with blotches of lilac grey and it was laid in a slight depression among the dead leaves. It was very hard set and unfortunately broke when I tried to blow it. In May 1914 I obtained a young specimen at Koon Tan and as its plumage is some- what different from that of the adult bird, I will try to give a description of it, though this Nightjar is one of the most difficult birds to describe properly. Description of nearly adult bird. Forehead, crown and nape pale »Brussels brown» (Ridgway. Nom. Col. Plate IIT) with faint black vermiculations (more strongly on the nape) and some larger black spots along the middle line; elongated ear-tufts black tipped with »Brussels brown»; general colour of the upper parts of the body black, the feathers edged and tipped with isabelline and cinnamon rufous; quills dark brown with interrupted cinnamon rufous bars; inner secondaries isabelline with the bases of the feathers finely vermiculated with black; the tip of the inner secondaries pure isabelline with only a small blackish brown spot at the middle line near the tip; outer secondaries darker isabelline and with strongly marked spots; rectrices black with isabelline and black mottled bars; chin, upper throat and breast blackish brown, the feathers margined and tipped with rufous brown; across the throat a broad white band passing to buffy behind the ear-coverts; lower parts of the body dusky brown, the feathers broadly tipped with buffy white; lores and ear-coverts blackish brown, the feathers edged, tipped and spotted with rufous brown; lesser and median wing-coverts rusty brown spotted and irregularly barred with black; greater wing-coverts isabelline, vermiculated with black and with a narrow subterminal black bar; primary coverts pale rusty brown irregularly barred with brownish black; scapulars isa- belline, vermiculated with black and broadly tipped with black, [on these black tips there is also a small chestnut spot on each web of the feather]. 209. Caprimulgus macrurus albonotatus. Tick. Caprimulgus macrurus ambiguus: Gyldenstolpe I p. 57; Gyldenstolpe III p. 232; Robinson III p. 735. do Pak Koh “/,; 1914. LL = 285 mm.; W = 208 mm.; T = 164 mm.; C = 10 mm. — Irides: blackish brown. Bill: dark brown. Legs: pale brown. This subspecies was fairly common in the Northern parts of the country, though never observed in very dense jungle. Most often it was flushed up from the ground in bamboo-jungles. KUNGL. SV. VET. AKADEMIENS HANDLINGAR. BAND 56. N:0 2. 109 The two specimens collected by me during my former Expedition to Siam and re- corded under the name of (. m. ambiguus Hart. (Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, Band 50, N:o 8, p. 57) have been wrongly identified and ought to be referred to the still larger race which was described by TickELL under the name of C. albonotatus. It inhabits the north-western Provinces of India to Northern Burma and Siam. On the 10:th of April I flushed up a female from its nest, which only consisted of a slight depression in the ground and contained two fresh eggs of an oval shape. The colour is creamy white with brownish spots and blotches. 33,9 X 23,7 mm. 32,2