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rf Feet tee hate nat ioirenetsbe > ae etal 3 ate Fa jahaa a pal
sea abba cy rea pasabuiels shai Te any
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t i ‘ Te beset
faba oe ee a ct by bat apa ia tas? mihic bsbatute lela rates i
pha bebe betel abate sahalaales [eq raspeane ett Test
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Age inate ya Pars Pe 149 a ae
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ihe ms ci napa fa be be fa he date Oa +t
Siaehenes Sdaloha pate bal prt ‘a ‘
piiswielshe Vaeibenmetetcaatn apr eaan anne ictal ‘ ce Tatabeiabataa teres ity teas habeta et
hy > Ma by la he’ ih, hy ela Sa ha ha See ) Ps
nine rata ae aja babe ai he ahatiaala tate bata na eee Haha re m f er
ae inks hahaa ef tated ly ‘shana tata nasa bear by Uy tbe fs the a
eae af ; rately a ohn a tahatahe pe me ye vaataranenelarabl is raha eet
gina ae? abe ia pal Hele inthe 4 iy lige Ls Haba Oe eta tats aa ah [| itpranehetanatate hareeg ere! g vip nba a ie fafesabaee
Bid tia ‘ PH abate te toPe bebe yt tate te ‘hatin taba a rica ute cha et ity 44 roanarenaleale7ete lay) Nehatel
if a hth odie ig nba bat nate ee Lilet rie ui praraceter ety bese tate tat PTS ta
fea ea ata ta pase ss Ta sta a babs id8 Pant a tba oe is ate
chat Cyan Fada ha tan $8 ipa ea rs tH oka
( 2 mm.
Cc ) 26.0 45 oy en 10. os 29.5 * 45 12.3,
( 6 mm. :
d / 26 ‘5 6. i 11. as P 28a ay Ss. i
\ 2mm.
e ; OO. Si 5.5 ,, TES 2 Se ot ts *
\ € mm.
f DDE si _ — 26. 5, _
In the specimen from which these sections are taken, the annulations of the
shell of the siphuncle are finer, there being 5 in the space of 10 mm. This specimen is
recorded as from the lower horizon, the Peilintze limestone, whereas the others occur in
the upper or Liangchiashan limestone of the Shih-Mun-Chai district. The specimen in
question may represent a distinct species.
Horizons anp Locatrry: Two specimens of this species were obtained by Dr. F.
F. Mathieu from the Liangchiashan limestone at Liang-Chia-Shan, Shih-Mun-Chai near
Chingwangtao, eastern Chihli province. Another specimen with finer annulations and
siphuncele less flattened ventrally, was obtained from the Chih/ioceras or Peilintze limestone
of the same region (this may possibly be a case of mislabelling). The former horizon is
the upper part of the Lower Ordovician.
Family CHIHLIOCERATID4 Grabau (fam. nov.)
Genus CHIHLIOCERAS Grabau (gen. nov.)
Text Figures 2-16
-
sreviconic orthoceracones with large and stout siphuncle, which is surrounded by
a definite wall or siphuncular shell; with rounded apical end, the center of which is
marked by a mammillary clevation with a circular scar, representing the beginning of the
endosiphuncle. Siphunele filled with endosheaths and organically deposited mineral
matter as in Piloccras. Endosheaths flattened ventrally, at least in the adult. In the final
one, this flat face is produced anteriorly in the form of a blade-like prolongation, which is
Vol I,
either flat or slightly arched inwards with depressed sides.
Grabau—Ordovician Fossils from North China
(1) 45
In its general form and
character the final endosheath suggests the conotheca of the Belemnite which is
prolonged forward into the delicate blade-like
proostracum, or the similar blade of the
dern cuttle-fish.
slopes ventrad until it apparently joins the
wall of the siphuncle on the ventral side. On
the dorsal side, the blade may have been
covered by the shell of the siphuncle, but of
Indeed
the sections negative it, although it is of
course conceivable that the shell was broken
O-
This blade-like prolongation
this there is no positive evidence.
away before burial.
The endocone is triple in character.
In the genotype the main part has a sub-
quadrangular to sub-crescentric cross-section,
but appears to taper into a more or less flat-
On
the ventral side, where the wall of the endo-
tened conical alveolus towards the apex.
cone is prolonged into the blade, the inner
surface is gently convex i. e. arched upward
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 4. Chihlioceras nathani. Dorsal view of a model of
the final endosheath, which forms the compound endocone of
the siphuncle of this species. Two thirds natural size.
Fig. 5. Chihklioceras nathani, Side view of the model of
the endocone shown in fig. 4. Two thirds natural size.
3 G, “AN
LSA NMI
NN VA Vi
AAW
‘
ait, \ iN
eG i |
ETE.
Fig. 2. Fig. 3.
Fig. 2. Chihlioceras withaut. Dorsal view of a mo-
del of the siphuncle of this species with the compound
endocone in place. Two thirds natural size.
Fig. 3. Chihlioceras nathan, Side view of the same.
(The annulations of the surface are not represented. )
(dorsally) with the sides sharply depres-
sed (see text fig. 7). The upper surface of
this cavity is flat or nearly so, except for
the median portion, which is prolonged
dorsally into a broad notch or emargina-
tion, on either side of which lie the
dorso-lateral alveoli. The outer wall of
these is rounded, but the inner wall con-
sists of two limbs, approximately at right
angles to each other, one, the dorso-
ventral limb, separating it from the
median prolongation of the main cavity,
the other being horizontal and dividing
the lateral and main alveolar cavities (see
text figs. 4and 7). The position of this
(1) 46 Palzxontologia Sinica Ser. B
final endosheath is nearer the dorsal than the ventral side of the siphuncle (text fig. 6)
as is shown by the two parallel sections (text figs. S and 4), taken essentially parallel
Fig. 6. Chihlioeeras nathani. Restored longitudinal section, constructed from actual measurements along
section a-b and e-d, and the exposed worn surface of the ventral side (lower dotted line), and with the aid of other
specimens. x - y line of section shown in fig. 7. Two thirds natural size. ev-final sheath, or endoconic lining; sh-shell-
wall of siphunele (ectosiphuncle). s¢-stereoplasmic filling of siphuncle; s/-endosiphotube; rk-section of rock matrix.
11a
en,
a % >
‘a Vy x >
% ON ges less
% q
“ssssrtly,
\ .--
4
iy
4
SA
SE
Fig. 7. Chihlioceras nathan’, Transverse section along line x- y of fig. 6; 2/5 natural size. e - f. line of
section of fig. 10; g-h. line of section of fig. 11; i-j. line of section of fig. 12; k -1. line of section of fig. 13; en-parts of
endoconic lining or final sheath; /a-lateral alveolus; #-median alveolus; sh-shell of siphuncle (ectosiphuncle) ; st-stere-
op'asmie filling.
Fig. 8. Chihlivceras nathani. Somewhat restored section along line a- 6. fig. 6. (For actual appearance of
“section see Plate II, fig. 11.)-2/3 natural size. The section is cut obliquely to the axis of the lateral alveoli (see text
fig. 2), and cuts the lateral walls (w/) as well as the lower walls (wm) of the lateral alveoli; ens-older endosheaths buried
in the filling of stereoplasm sf. (Other notations as in figs. 6 and 7.) 2/3 natural size.
Fig. 9. Chihlioceras nathani. Corresponding restored section along the line c-d in fig. 6. This section is
here reversed, so that the parts have the same orientation as in fig. 8. Notation as in fig. 8. 2/3 natural size (See Plate
Il, fig. 12).
to the ventral surface of the siphuncle, as indicated by the lines a-b and c-d in text fig. 6,
which is drawn to seale, and is two thirds natural size. The sections (text figs. 8 and
9) show that the walls of the alveolar cavities are infoldcd portions of the sheath, which,
when considered separately i. e. as if freed from the enclosing organic lime - deposit,
represents the aspect shown by the modcl, illustrated in text figs. 4 and 5. The walls,
Vol I. Grabau—Ordovician Fossils from North China (1) 47
which separate the lateral from the main alveolar cavities, are thus double, with the
addition of the crystalline, organically deposited lime (stereoplasm) between the two
layers. This is diagrammatically represented in text figures 7 and 10, which represent
respectively transverse and longitudinal sections through these walls, (for location see
text fig. 7), and can be recognized from an inspection of figs. 8
and 9, which represent the actual oblique sections through both
walls.
That an endosiphuncle extends from the base of the main
alveolus to the apex of the siphuncle is suggested by the occur-
rence of the apical endosiphuncular scar seen on all the specimens,
and is further suggested by the appearance of what seems to be a ‘
, . . A P Fig. 10. Chihlioceras
part of this tube in the natural section shown in fig. 13, Pl. IV, i. natnani. Disgrammuticlongis
tudinal section along line e-f.
: in fig. 7, parallel to axis of
sheath is mainly developed. lateral alveoli. (Notation as
in fig. 7.).
e. the specimen from sections of which the reconstruction of the
A consideration of the structure of the final endosheath
in the second species (C. chingwangtaoense (Plate II, figs. 13a, b.) shows very striking
differences, but nevertheless a unity of plan. The main or median alveolar cavity has
been much reduced, being subtriangular in outline, and only occupying the central
third of the endosheath. The cavity too is short, though
probably prolonged in the endosiphuncle. The dorso-lateral
alveolar cavities are deep, and lenticular in section, the inner
side being gently concave instead of rectangular. The parti-
tions between the cavities are very thick, formed by the
bent-over endosheath, with a thick filling of crystalline lime
between. The crystalline filling (probably aragonite) has a
radial structure where seen in section of the entire siphuncle.
The outer wall of the dorso-lateral alveolar cavities was appar-
. ‘ 2 £ my : 7
eee eee ently formed |y the wall of the siphuncle. The sections (text
Diagrammatic longitudinal section figs. 14, 15 and 16) show this structure. The length of the
through the broadest part of the . : ; , é
median alveolus, alongthe lineg-h. tWo lateral alveoli may be quite different on opposite sides as
in fig. 7. (Notation as in fig. 7.) — shown in the specimen figured (Plate II, fig. 13a).
In none of the specimens so far obtained has a camerate portion been preserved.
All the specimens are annulated, the annulations being essentially of the type seen on the
siphuncle of Piloceras. This suggests a camerate structure but does not prove it. The
annuli appear to be slightly oblique, converging forward on the ventral side. This
suggests, that if cameree were present they were mainly developed on the dorsal and lateral
(1) 48
Palvontologia Sinica Ser. B
surfaces of the siphuncle, as would naturally be the case in a structure which, as these
evidently did, rested upon the ventral surface. No specimen is however known with a
complete ventral surface, and the convergence is only shown by a slight obliquity upon
the sides.
Fig. 12.0 Chiklioceras —na-
than’. Diagrammatic longitud-
inal section in the median plane
along the line ¢-/. in fig. 7.
(Notation as in fig. 7.)
As indicative of the position of the specimens, it may be
noted that in one slab of rock, both sides of which were weath-
ered, and in which four specimens of C. nathant were found,
three, on the same side of the slab, exposed the dorsal side
(Plate V.) (this was apparently the upper surface of the slab
though sufficient care was not taken at the time of collecting to
determine this) while the fourth, on the opposite side of the
stratum (apparently the under side), exposed the weathered
ventral surface (Plate IV fig. 18). This slab was cut apart,
essentially parallel to the bedding plane, and the two cut
surfaces show the sections of the dorsal portion of the lower
specimen, these being shown in Plate II, figs. 11 and 12. The
position of the longitudinal axis of the lower specimen was
however approximately at right angles to that of the upper
specimens.
The remarkalle character of the siphuncle warrants the
placing of this genus into a distinet family, that of the
CHIHLIOcERATIDZ. The characters of this new family may be
summarized as follows:
Relatively short and stout holochoanitic othoceracones (and cyrtoceracones?)
with large siphuncle,
generally divided by. endosheaths, and filled with organically
deposited calcium carbonate, Final endosheath prolonged into a ventral blade, and
characterized by median and lateral endocones. Camere unknown, but if present,
apparently as in Piloccrus. Ordovician.
Plate I fig.
Chihlioceras nathani Grabau (sp. nov.)
10; Plate {T, figs. 11, 12; Plate IV, fig. 13; Plate V; Text figures 2-13,
Siphunele beginning with a regular rounded end, characterized by a subcentral
mammillon with a large central sear, which marks the beginning of the endosiphuncele.
The expansion is rapid so that in the space of about 16 mm. from the apex (in the
Vol I. Grabau—Ordovician Fossils from North China (1) 49
central specimen shown in Plate V) it has reached a diameter of 30 mm. From this
point the expansion is regular, until at about the point near the apex of the median
endocone, about 40 mm. farther (or 56 mm. from the apex of the siphuncle) the lateral
diameter is 40 mm. This gives a rate of tapering of 1 mm. in 4. The earlier portion is
regularly rounded, while the part occupied by the endocone is
somewhat flattened on the ventral side. The endocone occupies
something more than one half the length of the shell, inclusive of
the anterior blade. The apical portion in the center is rounded
dorsally and flat or gently concave on the ventral side, its section
thus being semi-circular or compressed suboval, with the ventral
side curved to a greater radius. Proceeding forward, the concave
central portion narrows and flattens, while the sides of the blade
hecome strongly and sharply depressed, until near the anterior
portion of the blade they form less than a right angle with the
side. The aperture of the endocone, i. e. the edge formed by its
meeting with the shell of the siphunele, is oblique to the axis of
the siphuncle, the most projecting portion being the center of the
blade (see the restoration, text figs. 2 and 3). Lateral alveoli of
the endocone shorter than the main cavity. In the specimen Fig. 13. Chihlioceras
nathan’. Diagrammatic longi-
tudinal section half way
the somewhat crushed right hand specimen of that group, they between median plane and
; i ‘ : lateral margin, along line
are recognizable (Plate I fig. 10), being displaced somewhat to 4.) in fig. 7, passing
shown in the center of Plate V the alveoli are not seen, but in
one side. The inner walls of these latcral alveoli form approxi- through lateral part of me-
; ; : : dian, and one lateral alveo-
mately a right angle, and consist of the reduplication of the Jus (Notation as in fig. 7.)
endosheath with crystalline calcium carbonate filling between.
The outer wall of the lateral alveoli is convex and between it and the wall of the
siphuncle, there is a thick layer of crystalline lime (organic deposit) which decreases
wedge-like towards the rim of the endocone. (Text figure 10).
These lateral alveoli of the endocone hold a position above the base of the main
endoconice cavity, so that there are distinct lateral chambers proceeding froin this main
median chamber, and in position ventral to the lateral alveoli. This is clearly shown by
the sections (Plate IT figs. 11 and 12) and is represented in the model of the endosheath
illustrated in text fig. 4. The endosheath itself (i. e. the wall of the endocone) has a
thickness of half a millimeter or less, but because of the filling of crystalline hme between
the reduplicated portions, which form the lateral and median alveoli, the thickness of
the compound wall separating these alveoli may be from 2.5 to 6 mm. (See the sections
of these walls in figs. 11 and 12 Plate II).
(1) 50 Palxontologia Sinica Ser. B
The older portion of the siphuncle is filled solidly with crystalline calcium
carbonate, this occupying the entire space between the wall of the endocone (final
endosheath), and probably its endo-siphuncular prolongation, and the wall or shell of the
siphuncle. here are however indications of one or more earlier endosheaths (See sections
figs. 1l and 12 Plate II, and Plate V middle figure). The difference in the character of
the outer zone of the solid portion of the siphuncle from that forming the inner portion,
observalle both in the worn specimen (Plate V, middle figure) and in the sections (Plate
II figs. 11 and 12) suggest that at first the siphunecle was filled with closely set
endosheaths (which in the large specimen of the group on Plate V formed a thickness of
about 7 mm.), and then crystalline calcium carbonate (aragonite?) was deposited by the
animal, without further formation of definite endosheaths, until the final one was formed
by the adult animal. The appearance of these older endosheaths suggests their similarity
to those of Piloceras, or to a primitive form from which both Chihlioceras and Piloceras
were derived.*
The wall or shell of the siphuncle is thin but continuous. It is annulated, though
indistinctly so, near the apical portion, while forward, the annulations become pronounced
and regular. The annuli present a long gently convex forward slope and a shorter more
abrupt, but still convex apical slope. There are 10 of these annuli in the space of 35 mm.,
giving them an average width of 3.6 mm. There is however a gradual increase in the
width, the posterior ones leing less than 3 mm. wide. The depressions between the
annuli are very shallow. While this is the character in the earlier portion of the
siphunele, continuing for varying lengths in different specimens, it gradually changes in
the later - formed portion, where the annuli become narrowly rounded, with broad gently
concave interspaces. In the specimen shown in fig. 13 Pl. IV, this type of annulation
begins about 30 mm. from the apex, and there are 10 annuli in the space of 38 mm.,
these also increasing slightly in width forward.
The annuli are oblique, bending forward on the ventral side. The angle which
they form with the axis of the siphuncle on the side of the siphuncle, was found in one
case to be about 30 degrees, but less than that in another specimen. Their ventral aspect
is unknown.
Camere not known, none of the specimens showing any indications of them
other than the annulations of the siphuncle. Though this annulation is suggestive of a
camerate nature of the shell, it is not a positive indication, as camerate shells with
* In the locality from which these specimens were obtained, they are restricted to the lower division, while
Piloceras occurs in the higher division, with one doubtful representation in the lower,
ot I. Grabau—Ordovician Fossils from North China (1) 51
obliquely annulated outer wall are found in higher Ordovician beds of this region. The
general similarity of the annulations to those of the siphuncle of Piloceras may indicate,
however, a similar camerated shell.
Horizon anp Locarrry: This species has been found in the Peilintze limestone
associated with Archxocyathus, Ophileta syuamosa etc., in the Shih-Mun-Chat region near
Chingwangtao, Lingyiihsien district, Chihli province. Several specimens were collected
by Dr. F. F. Mathieu of the Kailan Mining Administration. The horizon is Lower
Ordovician. The specific name is given in honor of Mr. W. 8. Nathan, president of the
Kailan Mining Administration, in appreciation of his keen interest in the development of
Chinese geology, and his recognition of the important place which stratigraphic and
paleontologic problems hold in the practical development of mining interests.
Chihlioceras chingwangtaGense Grabau (sp. nov.)
Plate II, Figs. 13a b. Text figures 14-16.
Siphuncle longer and more cylindrical than in the preceding species, tapering at
the rate of 1 mm. in 6; section subcireular. Interior filled with erystalline calcium
carbonate, which has an indistinct radial structure. This occupies the space between the
shell or wall of the siphuncle on the one hand, and the wall of the compound endocone
(final endosheath) on the other. There are no indications of older sheaths, though these
may occur in the apical portion which is unknown. Endosiphuncle apparently central,
but the indications are faint. Wall of the endocone prolonged forward in a flat blade
which slopes forward, forming an angle of 12 degrees with the dorsal surface of the
siphuncle (See text fig. 14). If the rate of tapering is uniform, the length of the anterior
blade would approximate 110 mm,
The blade is flat, except for a slight median longitudinal depression, most:
marked in the alveolar portion. The lateral margins of the blade form a sharp angle witb
the sides of the siphuncle, and the wall or shell of the latter was evidently continued over
at least the posterior part of the blade. Posteriorly the |lade ends in the median
alveolus, the base of which occupies one third of the width of the siphuncle. Its height
is slightly less than the basal width, and its form is subtriangular but with curved sides.
Its position is approximately in the center of the siphuncle or slightly above it. Its depth
has not been ascertained, as some of the matrix which filled it, has not been removed.
The partition between it and the lateral alveoli is thick, being from 7 to 8mm, at the
(ij ae Palxontologia Sinica Ser. B
rounded forward end, and increasing in thickness apicad. (Sec section, text figures 15 and
16). It consists of the thin endoconiec walls (reduplications of the endosheath) and the
filling of crystalline calcium carbonate between these.
ae Yj a snes ied
i Us . ae
Fig. 14. Chihlioceras chingwangtaoense. Diagrammatic longitudinal section along the median dorso-yentral
plane of a restored individual; 2-n.-section line of fig. 15; 0-p.-section line of fig. 16; sh.-shell (ectosiphuncular wall); sé.
stereoplasmic filling; s/.-endosiphotube; e/.-cndoconic lining or terminal endosheath; du.-dorsal alveolus; ma.-median
alveolus.
The lateral alveoli are lenticular in section, only the inner, gently concave wall
being formed by a part of the endosheath, while the outer is formed hy the wall of the
siphuncle, and in the type specimen, as preserved, is broken away. In this specimen the
size and form of the two lateral alveoli differ from each other,
that on the right * being much larger. The line of junction
between it and the siphuncular wall (shell) is a direct con-
tinuation of the plane of the anterior endoconic blade, The
sides of this alveolus converge regularly. The left lateral
alveolus is more irregular. At first there is a strong conver-
gence of the sides, after which they continue more nearly
Fig. 15. Chihlioceras ching-
wanglaoense, Diagrammatic cross-
fection along Tine m-u. in fg. 14; median cavity, the floor of which is formed hy the two lateral
g-r.-median dorso-ventral plane ; 3
(line of section of fig. 14);s-t.line Alveolar floors meeting in a low angle, to the left of the
ot Section of Ay. 16; teslateral. olin Tine in dhe type specimen. (See fig. 13a Plate IL).
alveoli; other notations as in fig.
14, The length of this posterior confluent cavity can be estimated
parallel. Pusteriorly the two alveoli join into a single broad
from the slopes of the lateral alveoli, this leing indicated in the restored longitudinal
section (text figure 1+).
The inner shell or siphuncular wall, is about 0.3 mm. in thickness and strongly
and regularly annulated upon the sides, these annulations forming an angle of approxi-
mately 82° with the dorsal surface, or 70° with the plane of the anterior endoconie blade.
* The shell is oriented with the apex to the observer, the aperture or anterior end pointing away, and
the ventral side, (i.e. flattened side of endocone), downwards. The richt and left sides then correspond to the obseryer’s
right and left hand. In the figures on Plate If the position ix reversed, so as to show the structure more clearly; therefore
the references must also be reversed from those here given,
Vol I. Grabau—Ordovician Fossils from North China (1) 58
This indicates that on the ventral surface they formed a broad, low, forward arching
curve or saddle, though the actual condition has not been observed. The annulations are
broadly and regularly rounded and separated by concavities of equal form and width.
There are six annulations in the space of 18 mm. giving an
average width, between the centers of adjoining concavities, of
3 mm. Camere unknown, but their existence is apparently
indicated by the annulations of the siphuncle.
Measurements: Diameter at aperture of alveoli 35 mm. ;
at point of confluence of Jateral alveoli 28 mm. Width of
median alveolus at base 13.5 mm.; height of same 10
nim.
Horizon anpd Locanrry: ,
SHENYANG ~__
are “|
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—~I CEE i
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128° N
a i
a --..- Boundaries of Provinces =——~c=~ Railroads and Stations + “~~ Great Wall
®@ Ordovician Localities o Other important Cities
50 ° 50 190 tsa
Seale of Miles
20. Map of North-eastern China, showing the localities where Ordovician fossils have been found.
(See the list on the preceding page.)
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE I
(1) 101
PLATE I.
Lower Ordovician Authozoa (1-3) and Cephalapoda (10); Peilintze Limestone. Upper
Ordovician Brachiopoda Peleeypoda and Trilobite; Maehiakou Limestone,
Drawings by KC. Lin (BGR) Photographs by T. I. Loo (RARE)
Hie ds. cA neers srk ee Late DM n3 incon iccomeenrccunake mab OTA IRS aaasud beabinned aleeis p. 12
Ja. Mold of part of interior of caliculum with weathered section near the upper edge
of the caliculum. Natural size.
1b. Photograph of partial section of caliculum 50 mm. below preceding; nearly natural
size. The right and left sides are reversed with reference to fig. la. Lower
Ordovician Peilintze limestone, Shih-Mun-Chai, Chihli. (Coll. Fo F. Mathieu,
Cotype G. S. Ch. Cat. No, 75).
Fig. 2: ulrcheocyathus LPT CHES ATEN DAU oN Raa & Goatees a oahi od ONS EG NRUS Coe HEE CDA NE Pp. 12
Photograph of polished section of a compressed caliculum same horizon and locality.
Natural size. (Cotype Coll. FF. Mathieu, (i. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 76).
drclarveyathis. chit iewse GLabAt .cccee ekwecieer hGdead senasi de wuuaa eonesiows ree Moms aae eemenes p. 12
Photograph of thin section of a nearly cireular caliculum. Natural size.
b. A small portion photographically enlarged X 10; same horizon and_ locality.
(Cotype Coll. F. F. Mathieu, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 98).
Fig. 4. Orthis calliqvauma var, orthimbonites von Buch (de Verneuil)............0.0.0:02 200 p. 1
4a brachial-,4b pedicle-,te side-view of a small fragmentary specimen * 3; Machia-
kou limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang, Chihli province. (G. 8. Ch. Cat, No. 94).
BD DF Go:
es
Fig. 5. Orthis calligiamima var, orthambouites von Buch (de Verneuil).............c:ccee eee p. 1s
da pedicle-,5b brachial-,5c¢ lateral-,5d frontal-views of a larger, somewhat distorted
and more nearly complete specimen. X 2. (In 4d the upper valve ts the brachial,
which appears as the deeper of the two because of the position in which the
specimen is drawn). Same horizon and locality. (8. Ch. Cat. No, 98),
Fig. 6, Sioplininend- ch. seine (SNe para) osnsassin cadens vous gy shugvaen made sa amide ceenautes Be AT
Part of pedicle valve, with outline restored X 3.
Upper Ordovician, Machiakou limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang. ((:. S. Ch. Cat.
No. 109).
(Clesroianate sy ict TOG CTR sc esey 2 sasarlas Coden hae leeaen vo tanen eR een ee ed HAs, ee eancs p. 19
Interior view of a right valve, showing the hinge line, (with the teeth somewhat
too clearly represented), the iusrular sears and anterior muscular ridge The
ventral margin is imperfect. Enlarged twice Machiakou limestone, Tangshan,
Chihli. (Holotype G. B. Barbour Coll. G@.8. Ch. Cat, No. 51),
=
a
~I
Hig8.. AN Uaioe: TOV GING ico bata San asietl ideas tlh Aa Sosa Mage oe adhan dh ebacun ape awlcolatawieaes p. 98
An imperfect pygidium, enlarged 2. showing broad ringed axis, and concave
marginal rim. Machiakou limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang, Chihli. (G. 8. Ch. Cat.
No, 92).
Fig. wh Asphus HRSA LOM CINE Sr Gotola Sees tae Pct Sts ails eats ala hatpea nee arate hiciaty a tea ee Ca’ Pp. 93
Another pygidium from the same horizon and locality as the preceding but
exfoliated, showing narrow axis, X 2. (G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 110).
Biles HOk 9 CU OCRRES TILT: “ONT isc ateceexsuce tine tig, wot eo eked ares adeeden cele aoe Cun aces p. 18
Apertural view of the siphuncle shown in the right hand figure of Plate V. to show
the main and lateral alveoli. The specimen ig slightly crushed, and ig weathered.
Lower Ordovician Petlintze imestone, Sluh-Mun-Chai region, Chih. (G. 8, Ch.
Cut. No. 111).
— [02 —
PALZONTOLOGIA SINICA
Grabau: Ordovician Fossils of N. China
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE If
(1) 108
PRAT 4,
Orduvician Gastropoda and Cephalopoda (11-12); Lower Ordovician; Peilintze and Liang-
chiashun Lineeslones; Upper Ordovician: Muchiakon Limestone.
Drawings by WK. CL Liu (BIER)
Hig. i. Ophileta plana AU POLAT ota araleedea teed 2 atoin Rnd teeth data aera ha that ea na da ou hci id oo cuss Minadediving Saar p. 20)
Adult specimen, natural size, embedded in vock (which is not fully vepresented).
The surface is weathered. Liangehiashan limestone (Lower Ordovician) Liang-
Chia-Shan, Chibhli, Coll. P. Fo Mathieu. (Cotype G. 8. Ch, Cat. No. 54).
Bigs 2, Opie Geta piling Cav WAU ss odds ov saceanse va bedmey sana sda whiabuane aie Neca vaaaat sapeetuaree commaaee p. 20
Young shell, top (2a) and side (2b) views. Natural size. The surface sculpture is
only apparent, and due to weathering. Liangchiashan limestone (Lower Ordovic-
ian) Liang-Chia-Shan, Chihli. Coll. I. If Mathieu. (Cotype G. 8. Ch. Cat.
No. 83).
Dio sc, “De ite ea ema Ca na a oan gs panda n chananae Panes Saw hoe shay bniaeerah ne Nemes emaoens Wa 22
va Top view of a small specimien with lax final whorl, enlarged twice. Jb side view
of the same, X 2, Peilintze limestone, Pei-Lin-Tze, Shih-Mun-Chai, Chihli. Coll.
I. . Mathieu. (Cotype G. 8. Ch, Cat. No. 86).
Bi dy. COpiyelahar siiign tg Wen NWCA cao en's stains sev eedials wcssonipa av ddan e uxamuna ceceaGara te \uauyy + exneawanas p. 22
Unibilical view of a fragment of the whorls of a young specimen X 2. Peilintze
limestone, Pei-Lin-Tze, Chihli. Coll. F. F. Mathieu. (Cotype G. 5. Ch. Cat.
No, 85).
Fig. 5. Ophileta syuamosa Crabanu
Natural section of an adult specimen, natural size. Peilintze limestone. Pei-Lin-Tze,
Chihli. Coll. F. F. Mathieu. (Cotype G.8, Ch, Cat. No. 95).
Hie. Ge “Ophiideter Sypitin Gay ta DAU oes sy eanen as vameuas slonegad release vnns Siudlndan CANA ia sacsasss adwaineed oveswiuad eke wassedesdwnvn avevennsass iy: sed
Worn under surface of the partly exposed holotype. Natural size. Machiakou
limestone, Tang-Shan, Chihlt. (Holotype G. $. Ch. Cat. No. 6).
Wig. 10... Salppiigustoied (egat a GRU gaia ss esievasa veeeacads akda sacs x seusuaue xaea iva budwadey ohn ovew anes p. v9
atop, b side, and ¢ anterior views of the type and only known specimen which is
crushed and partly bruken. Natural size. (Holotype. G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 32).
Wire AD htt tacentis math, “Guanes oi cetsy sana eds eae aes aati a5 eeanannede valued adi ivellanhiay eee p. is
An oblique section through the upper part of the endocone of the specimen fig. 18
on pl. IV. (For location sev text lig. Ga-b, p. 16). Peilintze limestone, Shih-Mun-
Chai region, Chihli. F, F, Mathieu Coll. (Cotype G. 8. Ch. Cat. No, 110).
— 104 —
PALZONTOLOGIA SINICA
PI
Graban: Ordovician Fossils of N. China
Bite bee
Fig. 12.
Fig. 1s.
Loa,
18b.
Chihlioceras nathani Grabau
i
Another section through the same specimen parallel to the preceding and about
2mm. farther dorsad. The section is shown on the opposing cut surface of the rock
and its position is therefore reversed as here viewed. (lor location see text fig. 6,
line c-d, also text Figs. 8,9 which show the two sections in the same orientation).
Peilintze limestone, Shih-Mun-Chai region, Chilli, PF. Mathieu Coll. (Cotype G.
8. Ch. Cat. No. 111). (See, also, Pls. IV & V).
Chihliocerus chingwangtaoeuse Grabau
View of the type from the upper or dorsal side. Natural size. The specimen is
reversed in position as compared with the other figures, to show the median
alveolus, and the inner surfaces of the lateral alveoli.
text figures 14-16).
Side view of the same.
Peilintze limestone, Pei-Lin-Tze, Shih-Mun-Chai region, eastern Chibl. (ITolotype,
Coll. by F. F. Mathieu, G. $8. Ch. Cat. No. 113).
(lor restored sections see
»— 105 —
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE ITI
(Tt) 107
PLATE ITI.
Ordovician Gastropoda; Lower Ordovician-—Prilintie and Liaugehiashan Linestoues;
Upper Ordovictau;—Machiakon Liqvestou
Prawings by KL OC. Lin (BERR)
Bice 1... Dap ae Ta TOL, 5 tae reeenae wen weenebdarseseseeeaaweasamnie mand Qenmebstoguawonn ete p. 25
A nearly complete characteristic specimen, enlarged twice. Machiakou limestone,
Tangshan, Chih. (Cotype. G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 52, collected by Messrs. Morris,
Barbour and Terrill).
:
:
~
to
ot
ig. 2. Lophosprem aporrian Onan. sicxssasccee a55 prendse8 conwes oes vennes dc ctowunss
2a, View of the spire from an oblique angle, to show the position of the peripheral
band, and the vrowth-lines upon the shoulder & 2.
2b. A portion of the shoulder of the ultimate whorl enlarged six times to show the
nature of the peripheral bund and the growth lines. Machiakou limestone,
Tangshan, Chibli, (Cotvpe, G. 5. Ch. Cat. No. 41; Coll. G. B. Barbour).
Fig. 3. Lophospira pidehellifor ucts (PMO ates eodactat a tiga teeta hia h el stk lah Me aatmcs har cain d p. 26
Spire of a characteristic specimen x 2, viewed slightly from above, (with resulting
foreshortening), to show the peripheral band. Machiakou limestone, Tangshan.
Cotype. (1. 8. Ch, Cot. No. 41; Cell. G, B. Barbour).
Bie, A, Liepliaxpirth pitlelvenle fades ava coniveursweras Coxnwnci nea anmien tangs saramdanadnamanns akeenahs p. 26
Portion of a spire, lateral view x 2. showing amount of embracing, form, and
strong lower carina. Machiakou limestone, Tangshan. (Cotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat.
No. 41; Survey Coll).
Fig. 9. Lophospira Heol Co argnintene UNI conic ew teased cist ee nineds ab aipeitae y vient umiauu ailuaie oun tiags p. 27
‘a., ob. opposite sides of the holotype, showing the trochiform spire and strong
peripheral carina. x 2. Machiakou limestone, Tangshan. (Holotype, (. 8. Ch,
Cat. No. 40).
Bias (Gj amputee SCR, cisco decease uate vues obese Been gee e adpaans sey ema eae ae p. 27
An average specimen, with a small mass of matrix adhering and the basal portion
imperfect x 2. Machiakou limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang. (Cotype, (. S. Ch.
Cat. No. 47).
Fig. 7 Lophospira gerard) TABLA ace cae cenaeoelt ke cba 2:4 Red atte caxcee Sphcovers cat Stereo teh ein aeoa dota toa te p. 28
A typical specimen from the oe limestone at Chao-Kou-Chuang, Chihli.
1B nlarged twiee, (Cotype,G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 44).
Fig. S. Lophospira gerardi vary lore Cer NeW alee att kota al sete re ae EE ee roe en er p. 28
The Holotype. showing the lax whorls entirely free at the aperture, the strong
subsutural ridge and iiarleet concavity of shoulder x 2. Machiakou limestone,
Chao-Kou-Chuang. Chihli, (Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 49).
Rig. 9, Lophospira (gE TU Stat aU Ac Uliay ns no thar cho seek MG Sich Bs a a tte ate datieh dorsal aT gea aed daria Mala Seta oe p. 2g
View of the type, attached to rock, twice natural size. Machiakou limestone,
Tangshan, Chihli, (Holotype, GS, Ch, Cat. No. 33).
Pie. 10. eaplaospiaee whscnee® CHAVA gusiancdgeytancneadeadonrsnwiacagegs Mekeds’ iS hawegale's Avie cs aa 350
5 Pees? :
The type specimen, embedded in rock and partly worn so as to show the oe
mold x 2. Machiakou limestone. Tangshan, Chihli. (G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 37.
Fig. 11.0 Pagodispiva GUC (Us aseoatate LabGanaa Ooiiiead wh ebelatt tee Bet oaetc Mocieeh pias IAS Te Nn. ol
The type specimen, twice enlarged. The aperture is restored. Machinkou
limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang, Chihh. (Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 15).
= 1us —
PALZONTOLOGIA SINICA
Grabau: Ordovician Fossils of N. China PLIL.
Fig.
Vig.
Tig.
Fig.
Fig.
Vig.
EO Seika ORGtNiate AG BAA. ny daidas va ie adie o eaahasig a Wobnsen sab ofadrans vpaenlaae bas
The type specimen, twice enlarged. Machiakou limestone, Tangshan, Chibli.
(Holotype, Coll. by Geo. B. Barbour, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 50).
p. 32
Los J agedispiva: mavoteam war, Tete AA pA ANG ccvs dedanasueeau dueeieuabinneé dangndvenautersueventalee p. 82
The type specimen twice enlarged. Machiakou limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang.
(Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 18).
el Bare OO DRY Oa MEN asc zea ech deeda 9a Pawson xp gamed Pes baeeiede eae ‘de ehe p. 33
14a. Side view of a nearly perfect high-spired form x 2.
14b. Umbilical view of same. x 2. Machiakou limestone, Tangshan, Chihli. (Cotype,
Coll. by G. B. Barbour, G. S. Ch. Cat. No. 42).
Shite: eee MU aNUOW TO, Se BEAU aan ayravunieeniae shud) ies’ cusecg Caxaaugay cugacian eamnuese aawaniesons p. 33
dda, Side view of an imperfect low-spired shell. x 2.
15b. Umbilical view of same x 2.
1éc, Enlargement of part of the final whorl to show lines of growth, peripheral
band, and marginal notch. x 4. Machiakou limestone, Tangshan, Chihli.
(Cotype, Survey Collection G. S. Ch. Cat. No. 48).
LB a) LEPC OTN: el Tent, TOPE INT ge hainsu seacusie ys enawons axe ile 9 eaenc Mveaion ad samen axenune vteanwres p. 34
16a. The type specimen, enlarged four times,
16b. Two of the whorls still farther enlarged. (x 8).
Liangchiashan limestone Shih-Mun-Chai region, eastern Chilli. (Holotype, Coll.
F. F. Mathieu G. 8S. Ch. Cat. No. 99).
Dg ol WUE [fs coinalsc sv cauietan As wanton. 3 Romeonds eaueuhoin + bvoiden a8 amaune sraiennd #hueeua a's Janrd = amurenies 3. 86
A natural section in the rock; natural size. Peilintze limestone, Shih-Mun-Chai,
eastern Chilli. Coll. I’. I. Mathieu. (G.S. Ch. Cat. No. 90). (This section is
weathered to such an extent, that the back of the whorls is shown beyond the
umbilicus, giving the shell a sinistral appearance).
TSe- USispitte (SP. wiccasv cde samckins deanaieesua sang sveainea oa redena: akan ye seteay es eens sees eRe rae p. 36
A natural section in rock; natural size. Peilintze limestone, Shih-Mun-Chai,
eastern Chibli, Coll. F. F. Mathieu. (G.S. Ch. Cat. No. 89).
== 100 ==
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE IV
(1) 111
PLATE IV.
stones; Upper Ordovictan:—Machiakou Limestone.
Tig.
Fig,
Vig.
Fig.
Fig.
lig.
Vig.
Li
la.
Drawings by K. C. Lin (BERR)
Prolarpeenberaeens Ta mH@Ay Give WANT santas se ccigan ld aoa wone ea enelntiesedeaaeé has wes tania p.
Lateral view of a weathered specimen showing part of the siphuncle, and several
camera. Natural size.
End view of the same specimen showing aperture of endosiphocone. Natural size.
Section of the same showing form and position of siphuncle. Natural size.
Peilintze limestone, Shih-Mun-Chai, near Chingwangtao, eastern Chill, (Cotype,
Coll. by F. F. Mathieu, (. 8. Ch. Cut. No. 100).
Pratecocwingrociias Weathiel Ciba Pas icsiee cs ceaaea se Sass ok See eh eg hp cane oF eR p-
View of a small portion of the shell embedded in rock, showing flattened siphuncle
and vamerw, natural size.
Tend view of the same, natural size;
A portion of the shell and adjoining jut of the siphuncle enlarged to show the
relation of the siphuncular funnels to the outer shell on the ventral side, Peilintze
limestone, Shih-Mun-Chai, near Chingwangtao, eastern Chihli. (Cotype, Coll. F.
TI’. Mathieu, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 101).
Proterocanterdceras: matieud CirAaballe va 11. eee eee eee
A natural weathered section, showing the rate of tapering and the
septal distances.
Loc:—Near Wang-chia-sze, Chung-yang-hsien, SE. Hupeh. (N. R. T.
Cat. No. 20)
Orihocermas tegsns: Barrandé, Nat, SIG. sc00dewes sev angewee eee sas
. Longitudinal section of a superior portion, showing the rate of taper-
ing, septal necks and the septal distances.
. Cross section.
Loc:—Near Sin-tan, Tze-kuci-hsien, W. Hupeh. (G.S.C. Cat. No. 2847)
Oxthoceras véemotum Yui. Nat: SIZGic ce sae cee ed ee vege’ bono ee been
. A natural polished section, showing the depth of camer:e, the concavi-
ty of septa and the rate of tapering.
Cross section, showing the form of shell and the position of siphuncle.
Loc:—Chai-tze-shan, Hsiang-yang-hsien, N. Hupeh. (N. R.I. Cat.
No. 25)
Cyihictras tloneatiin. Vis Nats Sittie sas eds eases ee tow nee ee mada es
Longitudinal section, showing the long septal distances and the rate
of tapering.
Loc.:—Ta-wu-shu, Chung-yang-hsien, SE. Hupeh. (N.R.I. Cat. No. 31)
(11) 96
Pp.
5+
54+
37
PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA
Ass Pool
ephalopoda of Central China
Ordovician (
hae Ms
GC:
Fathee &
f F
he fl
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE VIII
(II) 97
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Vaginoceras? sp.
External view of an internal mould embedded in rock with sharp im-
PLATE “Vith
Pe SS
pressed annular lines on its surface.
TLoc:—Pei-hu-pu, Pu-chi-hsien, SE. Hupeh. (N.R.I. Cat.
Orthoceras chinense Foord var. eccentrica Yu. Nat. size
Longitudinal section, showing the excentric siphuncle, the rate of
tapering and the septal distances.
Loc:—Wang-chia-sze, Chung-yang hsien, SE. Hupeh.
No. 18)
Orthoceras chinense Foord var. equiseptatum Yu.
No. 35)
(N. R. I. Cat.
NAEMSIZGy wine ate de
Pp.
Natural polished section, showing the septal necks and the nearly equidis-
tant septa toward the apertural end.
Loc:—Peli-hua-pu, Pu-chi-hsien, SE. Hupeh.
A natural section weathered so as to show a part of siecle ane ne
septal distances.
Loc:—Pei-hua-pu, Pu-chi-hsien, SE. Hupeh.
necks.
Loc:—Mei-hua-ling, Tung-chiao-cheng,
(N.R.I Cat. No. 2
3)
(11) 98
King-shan-hsien,
(N.R.I. Cat No. 21)
Orthoceras chinense Foord var. equiseptatum Yu. Nat. size.
(N.R.I. Cat. No. 22)
Orthoceras chinense Foord var. equiseptatum Yu.
Nat. size. :
Longitudinal section, showing the septal distances and is: seal
N. Hupeh.
Pp.
Pp.
a0)
50
50
50
PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA
VII.
de
\
#
cs
Ulopoda of Central Chin
c
rdovician Ceph
O
u:
G 2e
ee
yes ie
Ske. tee 2
[nae ces G b Carts os
{
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE IX
(II) 99
Big,
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
PLATE TX:
I. Orthoceras chinense Foord var. equiseptatum YU. Nat. size..........
ta. Longitudinal section, showing the septal distances and the septal necks.
tb. Cross section, with a central circular siphuncle.
Loc:-—Heh-chia-tzui-tze, Chang-chia-chi, Chung-chei-hsien, N. Hupeh.
(N..RAD. Gat. No, 24}
2. Orthoceras densum Yu. Nat. size
A natural weathered section of a young stage of the shell, showing the
numerous septa at the apical
portion.
CY
Loc:—Lin-chia-chung, Kung-chia-wang, I-cheng, N. Hupeh. (N.R.I.
Cat. No. 28)
5, GAORTaS 2. TVG Ses ik laa See eee oae ee ees faa NSE eed eee
Lateral view of the specimen, showing the oblique septal sutures.
Loc.:—Pei-ting-tze, Hu-chia-chi, Chung-hsiang-hsien, N. Hupeh.
(N.R.I. Cat. No. 33)
a, rioeeras sty. Nt S1@biaw eae s vii ye vie ki tone bewe sees eee RSE Ss
The siphuncle has been completely
A natural polished section.
eroded away.
Loc:—Between Cha-ti-pu and Chang-chia-chiao, Hsien-ning-hsien, SE.
Hupeh. (N.R.J. Cat. No. 34)
5. Discoceras eurasiaticum Frech. Nat. size
OY
Side view of a characteristic shell, showing the costze on the surface
of the shell and the septal sutures as exposed at the last half volution
where the test has been broken away.
Loc:—Nei-chia-shan near Sin-tan, Tze-kuei-hsien, W. Hupeh. (G.S.C.
Cat. No. 2856)
6, Discoceras eurastaticum Frech.
Nat. size
6a. Side view of a smal] specimen, showing the volutions and the costze
on the surface of the shell.
6b. Transverse section of same, showing the whorls subquadrate in
section and the siphuncle marginal to the internal side. The section
is taken across the middle part of the umbilicus.
Loc: —Nei-chia-shan near Sin-tan, Tze-kuei-hsien, W. Hupeh. (G.S.C.
Cat. No. 2857)
(II) I00
50
58
60
O61
O4
PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA
Lue
IX
1.
iB
entral China
alopoda of €
ph
rN
Ce
iclan
7
Ordov
Vu:
Col:
Bi ares ress
Fig. 7. Lituites? i Yu. Nat. size
Fig.
Fig
8.
ga.
Side view of natural section, showing the separable volutions, the
straight part of the shell and the position of siphuncle.
Loc:—-He-chiao, Chung-yang-hsien, SE. Hupeh. (N.R.I. Cat. No. 36)
MM elaceras-asraiioune Vabe.. Nati S1Z@. 6.63 Gouds hecho ed A eR p. 66
Lateral view of a large end of the specimen, showing the curvature of
the shell.
Loc:~- Nei-chia-shan, near Sin-tan, Tze-kuei-hsien, W. Hupeh. (G.S.C.
Cat. No. 2858)
Maloceras aanciim Yabe. Nat. Sin@ii6.iag00eedeidsecceiarn sacies p-. 66
Longitudinal section of an apical portion of the specimen along the
dorso-ventral diameter, showing the empty, marginal siphuncle and
the curvature of the shell.
. External view of same, showing the surface strice.
gc.
Cross section, showing the form of the shell and the position of the
siphuncle.
Loc:—Nei-chia-shan near Sin-tan, Tze-kuei-hsien, W. Hupeh. (G.5.C.
Cat. No. 2859)
(XI) IOI
MLA Orthoceras Ae anePud amg en Shiga tea 2
RERAIC+-VE )
Lee
The Ss
ook SO Bl san oi Hl tad (
MEME EEC Protocycloceras Yee MAAN SL a ok SS a tile ae (
EROCSC | fH ) .
ax ie} a Cycloceras BOI EX 0 de set neh Ho ube
HEAT K Sg 4d )
AiG Lituitss He NATO He eR Sime,
— cup 8498 2m eee.)
FHRATRE VR geese RES
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CHINA
IN COOPERATION WITH
THE NATIONAL” "RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY OF THE
ACADEMIA SINICA,
THE SECTION OF GEOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PEIPING,
THE GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NATIONAL
UNIVERSITY OF PEKING,
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF KWANGTUNG AND KWANGSI, AND
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF HUNAN.
Palxontologia Sinica
Board of Editors:
V..K. TING (CHAIRMAN), T. C. CHOW (SECRETARY),
A. W. GRABAU, J. S. LEL, Y. C. SUN, C. C. YOUNG, T. H. YIN.
Service B, Suture’ k
: _aascicle 3.
2ACHIDPODA FROM THE ORTHIS
IBID OF WH NISICHIIA FORPIA=
TLON OF GENERAL CHINA.
By ;
M. §. “CHANG M. A.
WITH Il PLATES AND 3 TEXT-FIGURES.
Published by the Geological ‘Survey erin
ames
PEIPING (PEKING) 1934
_ For Sale at the Following Offices:
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Series B. Vol. I, Fascicle 3
PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA
Board of Editors:
V. K. TING (CHAIRMAN), T. C. CHOW (SECRETARY),
A. W. GRABAU, J. S. LEE, Y. C. SUN, C. C. YOUNG, T. H. YIN.
Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed of the Neichia
Formation of Central China.
By M. 8. CHANG M. A.
With 2 Plates and
3 Text-Figures
Published by the Geological Survey
Peiping, 1934.
Printed by The Yu Lien Press,
253, Hatamen St. Peiping
CONTENTS
Page
UO UA TR oration cout bra a aps ta gM aoe ioe ta Sea EAD oxata hagas peagseek 5)
pirahigraphy of ihe Nelchia, Formation scccivc sodeevcesssavepsnrsdevaeeanvacces D
TVS Tem aI Oe Gt shares alsa vhlaa nt: Sosels ec Ce oueeacd whom ea da aes 7
Ca vise eae Fete SPB aa A asd coaster dsc varied oe ine cedelern alee tracxiuled ives coat 7
i, . SAUCER, SON) “a asa lca ta erecea naar estan adaltot ocaals hduuaa Pe cei eunrys me wammeneresadeaes c
fre Wits, CNP ite: ABO ii ies uleotinn dd ones sateen praca namerednneaiateaesenatea be 7
2. Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. sinznsis Chang (var. Nov.) ..............05. i
3. Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. hwpehensis Chang (var. nov.) ......... 8
4. Orthis carausii Salter, var. nanchanghsiensis Chang (var. nov.) ............ 9
Tis. APPR ee Ti ee IV ee Accra ae bth ek AG os Ns a IN an a ily oe iV
G,. Upiins neice Chang Eps NOV.) sececeske veneer suena eewvncaae ss 11
i Opehas dhs taordes CHO Ne (ay. BOW.) ion ciaicisaiioaesssscapeedicaderdateglerenewndeeea’ 3
8. Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. intercalare Chang (var. nov.) ............ 14
De OPS, GES OCT sr Sea vin tasae li cuawss venmamerndyaaae eens So Uae aansauiale stad 15
10. Orthis cf. calligramma Dalman, var. subplicata Reed ............0..0.0.0.00. 16
Gents Plectorthis Hall. and Clee ec cudeee vs eae thei ete iveonewvorecenaccan 16
TTS POPES S05 slo otae' Seah ueangisopaeeen dene neameka 2a ae ronn eRe seee. Wine 16
12. Pleetortia s Sy De hia Tisicawanerraaainva tones PaO Deal Pena ette Phares ae tel ek U7
Gene: Daimanella Fuatl sick Cares -eceickcden nas vcrdsceew eked eau) daseascuevectas 17
13, Dalaunella of. cleoamiila: Walia. ss suseivetise»seunie cane i panna sy akes Gidaneawos es 17
Genus Raftinesa wing ial amd. Clarke -: pcsicicecvisd sa. tscaews onpacnas dygdaie pooccsauen 18
14. Rafinesquann ob, muthensis REO0) scscccyccszecaseunaosesteress civetss ni dare sewneceue's 18
CGS ses dase ccpens aga er Shounen eels eae ceratmeali a erases Aa eases tp 72 19
TLE ieee MG a atau ea ace aden pees ac ea ecaenonanen Re Goeraeaate had wirenenes aay 20
Explanation of DPR 5, 2, Zvisr a dee atgs aetna phoma Puasa a maaah en Sear oe (Raainamietee 21
BRACHIODODA FROM THE ORTHIS BED OF THE
NEICHIA FORMATION OF CENTRAL CHINA*
By M.S. CuHane
INTRODUCTION
The material described in this paper was collected by Mr. C. C. Yii, geo-
logist to the Institute of Geology, National Research Institute, at Taihungshan,
Nanchang Hsien, Hupeh (Waki ge #Ci) in 1928. When the writer joined
the Geological Survey last February it was kindly put into his hands for study
at the suggestion of Professor Grabau. To Mr. Yu he, therefore, wishes to ex-
press his sincere thanks. Tc Professor Grabau under whose svmpathetic and in-
Spiring guidance the study was made, he is also greatly indebted.
STRATIGRAPHY OF THE NeicutA FORMATION.
In his illuminating study of the geology of the Yangtze Gorges Professor
J. S. Lee first established the Neichiashan Series, now designated the Neichia
Formation. It was subdivided into two parts, an upper, the Pagoda Limestone
and a lower, the Triplecia Beds (New Yangtzeella Beds). The Pagoda Lime-
stone is a dense gray rock, cnly a few meters thick and characterized by the
gigantic Orthoceras chinense Foord. The Triplecia (Yangtzeella) Beds, on the other
hand, ccnsist of an alternation of a dirty green, calcareous shale and slabby brown-
ish-yellow or light grey limestones of a rather earthy composition with a thin-
bedded grey limestone at the base. The slabby limestones are evervwhere crowd-
ed with Triplecia (Yangtzeella) poloi and Clitambonites giraldii. In the list of
fossils Professor Lee gave the following species:
Triplecia (Yangtzeella) poloi Martelli (very abundant)
Clitambonites giraldii Martelli Cg eo
Orthis calligramma Dalman (not rare )
Eccyliopteris sinensis Frech (abundant)
Vaginoceras duplex Wahlenb. (44 )
* Reccived for publication in 1931.
(111) 6 Palxontologia Sinica Ser. B.
Discoceras curasiaticum Frech (Common)
Endoceras sp. (abundant)
Cycloceras sp. (very abundant)
Cytroceras sp. (rare)
Asaphus cf. expansus Dalman (rare)
In agreement with Frech, Grabau, Hayasaka, Weller and others, Professor
Lee concluded that the Neichia Series undoubtedly represents Middle Ordovician
or the lowest part of the Upper Ordovician, being approximately equivalent to
the Vaginoceras limestone of the Baltic Provinces of Russia.
In Nanchang Hsien of northern Hupeh Mr. C. C. Yu found the Neichia
formation resting conformably on the Ichang limestone. Here as in western
Hupeh, the Neichia is ccmposed of two parts, a lower yellowish-green shale and an
upper yellowish-green limestone. The fossils from each were preliminarily de-
termined by Mr. Yui as follows:
(a) Fossils found in the lower shale
Graptozoa: Didymograptus murchisoni
Didymograptus sp. (several species)
Brachiopoda: Orthis sp. (several species)
Orthis calligramma Dalm.
Dalmanella sp.
Dinorthis sp.
Ostracoda: Leperditia sp.
Trilobita: Asaphus sp.
Asaphus hupehensis Sun and Yu
Taihungshania shui Sun and Yi
Illaenus nanchangensis Sun and Yi
Bronteus sp.
Bathyurus minor Sun and Yu
(b) Fossils found in the upper limestone
Cephalopoda: Cycloceras sp.
Orthoceras sp. (several species)
Orthoceras chinense Foord
Vaginocer as chientzekouense Yit
The lower shale unquestionably represents the Triplecia Beds while the
upper limestcne is the Pagoda Limestone. Because of the presence of the Char-
acteristic graptolite Didymograptus murchisoni Mr. Yu correlated the former with
©
Vol. TI. M.S. Chang :—Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (111) 7
of the Neichia Formation
the Llandeilo of Great Britain and the latter with the Orthoceras limestone of
Sweden and the Vaginoceras limestone of the Baltic Province of Russia.
From the above lists of fossils it seems evident that in the Gorge District,
Yangtzeella. polot is the dominant fossil in the lower shale, but at Taihungshan,
Nanchang Hsien its place is taken by Orthis and others. In spite cf careful search
Mr. Yii failed to discover a single specimen of Yangtzeella. The name ‘‘Triplecia
or Yangtzeella Beds’’ is then not applicable in this case and the new term ‘‘Orthis
Bed’ is, therefore, introduced.
Most of the specimens in this lot are impressions of the interior or the ex-
terior part of the shell. In crder to reproduce the true nature of the fossils the
making of molds is necessary. Unless otherwise stated, the following descriptions
are based on the characters of the molds, rather than on those of the specimens
themselves.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES
Genus LINGULA Bruguiere
1. Lingula sp.
Pl. J, Fig. 1a & b.
This species is represented by a pedicle valve, the anterior portion of which
has been broken off. It is oval or ovate in cutline, with the broadest part across
or below the middle. The beak is not shown, though the posterior region suggests
slight tapering. The valve is mcderately and evenly convex. The surface is
so weathered that it does not show any concentric lines of growth or markings
of any other kind.
Remarks: The state of preservation of this species renders a precise deter-
mination impossible.
Horizon AnD Locauity: From the Orthis bed of the Neichiashan Forma-
tion, Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, Hupeh. Coll. C. C. Yu (Ser. No. X 249; Cat.
No. 3363).
Genus ORTHIS Dalman
2. Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. sinensis Chang (var. nov.)
Pl. I, Fig. 2a & b.
cf. 1869. Orthis calligramma Dalman. Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, Pt. VI, No. III, p. 240,
pl. XXXV, figs. 1-17, varieties, figs. 18-24, (with literature references).
This species is represented by one internal mold of the pedicle valve. It is
subquadrate to subsemicircular, wider than high and broadest at the hinge line.
(11) 8 Palxontolo jia Sinica Ser, B.
The pedicle valve is convex, mcre so in the beak region. The beak is broken but
a rostral cone is shown resting on the inner surface of the hinge area of the pedicle
valve. The cone is somewhat triangular in shape, little extended and separated
from the hinge line by two triangular depressions one on each side. The surface
is covered by about twenty-one simple, rounded and radiating plications with
the wider interspaces occupied by four or five fine longitudinal striz. Where the
weathering has net been complete concentric growth lines can be also seen.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 17 mm
Hinge line = ly Wim
Height = 15 mni
Proportion of height to width* = 1.31
Davidson's Orthis calligramma gives the following measurements:
Fig. 8, Pl. XXXV, Greatest width = 34 mm
Hinge line = 29 mm
Height = 29 mm
Proportion of height to width = Lilt
Fig. la, Pl. XXXV, Greatest width = 21 mm
Hinge line = 15 mm
Height = 18 mm
Proportion of height to width = 1.17
Remarks: This species preserves the essential characters of Orthis calli-
gramme Dalman but differs in details as shown in the measurements given above.
Its form suggests Orthis carausii but the plications of our shell are less rounded
and with the interspaces occupied by fine longitudinal strie.
Horizon and Locauity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yi. (Ser.
No. X203; Cat. No. 3364).
3. Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. hupehensis Chang (var. nov.)
Pl. I, Figs. 3a-d and 4a-d.
The holotype (Ser. No. X202, Pl. I, Fig. 3a) is an external impression of
i pedicle valve. It is transversely subcircular and wider than high. The hinge
line is a little shorter than the greatest width which lies about the middle part of
the shell. The pedicle valve is convex, the central region, extending from the beak
*
The height is taken as 1.
Vol. I. M.S. Chang :—Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (11) 9
of the Newchia Formation
to the anterior part, being more pronounced, thus suggesting the presence of a slight
fold. The beak is small and shows little incurvature. The surface ornamentation
consists of twenty-four simple and round plications, the middle six being more
strongly developed. Near the beak the interspaces between the plications are very
narrow or nearly absent, but they expand very quickly, till at the anterior part of
the shell they measure one mm. cr a little more. They are also occupied by two
or three fine longitudinal striz.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 13 mm
Hinge line = 12 mm
Height = 11 mm
Proportion of height to width = 1.18
Another specimen of the same species (Ser. No. X232, Pl. I, Fig. 4a) has
part of the right side of the shell broken away. It is smaller and a little mcre
convex, but in other respects agrees with the holotype.
Remarks: This species resembles Davidson's Orthis calligramma more than
Orthis calligramma var. sinensis does. It differs only in its smaller size and more
numerous plications.
Horizon aNnp Locatity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
Nos. X 202, X 232; Cat. Nos. 3365, 3366).
4. Orthis carausii Salter, var. nanchanghsiensis Chang (var. nov.)
Pl 1 Pig. gad:
cf. 1869. Orthis carausti Salter, MS. Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, Pt. VII, No. III, p. 229,
pl. XXAIII, figs. 1-7. ‘
This species is represented by a broken exterior impression of the brachial
valve. It is subsemicircular, considerably wider than high, and has the hinge line
equal te the greatest width. The valve is almost flat, with a gentle sinus covering
about seven plications along the middle. The surface is marked by about thirty-
two round plications which show branchings and bifurcations here and there. The
plications in the central] part are stronger than those on the sides, thus giving the
shell a three-zoned appearance. The interspaces are wider and contain fine Icng-
itudinal as well as faint transverse lamellose strie.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 18 mm
Hinge line = 12 fim
Height = 11 mm
Preportion of height to width= 1.64
(111) 10 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B.
Davidson’s Urthis carausii as represented in fig. 1, Pl. XX XIII, gives the
following results:
Greatest width = 18 mm
Hinge line = 16 Tm
Height = 115 mim
Proportion of height to width= 1.57
Remarks: This species resembles Orthis carausii in its ferm as shown in the
above measurements. but it differs in the following respects: (1) greatest width at
the hinge line instead of a little below; (2) more numerous and complicated plica-
tions; and (3) longitudinal and transverse striz in the interspaces of the plications.
Had there been more specimens at hand, it might have been even better to create a
new species.
Horizon AND Locauiry: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
NO. A2302 Cal. No. 3367).
5. Orthis carausii Salter, Ms.
Pl. I, Fig. 6a-f.
Soy. Orthis carausti Salter, MS. Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, Pt. VII, No. HI, p. 229, pl.
XNNIIL, figs. 1-7.
This is represented by the interior mold of the pedicle valve (Ser. No. N204.
TP}. I, Figs. 6a, 6))) and the impression of an exterior (Ser. No. X205. Pl. I, Figs.
6c-6f). The former is semicircular and wider than high. The hinge line is at the
greatest width and a little prolonged, so as tu give the suggestion of the presence
of ears at the cardinal extremities. which are acute. The valve is moderately con-
vex in the central region, the sides being coniparatively depressed. The beak is un-
known, but a rostral cone is present, Which is slightly incurved and bounded on the
sides by two crescentic grooves. The surface is ornamented by about twenty-five
simple, rather angular plications with wider interspaces between.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 9 mm
Ilinge line a ee
Height aa Se
Proportion of height to width = 1.50
Vol. I. M.S. Chang:—Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (11) 11
of the Neichia Formation
Davidson’s fig. 3, Pl. XX XIII measures thus:
Greatest width = 14 mm
Hinge line = 14
Height = 10)
Proportion of height to width = 1.40
An exterior impression of another pedicle valve (Ser. No. X205) is less per-
fect than No. X204. Its greatest width is 6 mm. and the height, 4.5 mm, giving a
proportion of height to width of 1.33. Its cardinal extremities are less extended
and its convexity is not so strong. Its plications are also not sc numerous, but
they show branchings in one or two places.
Remarks: Except for its smaller size and more numerous plications this
species agrees well with Orthis carausii Salter, as figured by Davidson.
Horizon anv Locauity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yi. (Ser. Nos.
X 204, X 205; Cat. Nos. 3368, 3369).
6. Orthis neichiaensis Chang (sp. nov.)
Pl. I, Figs. 7a-d, 8a-d, ga-d, 10a-b, & 1za-d, and Text-figs. 1-3.
The exterior impression of a typical brachial valve (Ser. Ne. X 218, Pl. I,
Fig. 7a) is subquadrate and wider than high. The hinge line is shorter than the
greatest width which lies about the middle of the shell. The valve is moderately
flat with a sinal depression along the central portion. The surface is ornamented
by about thirty-three simple and rounded plications with slightly wider interspaces
which are occupied by very fine longitudinal and transverse lamellose strie. The
sinus is bounded by two plications which bifurcate about two mm. below the beak.
In its center are found four plications which are a little stronger than the others.
The arrangement of the sinal plications is shown in Text-Figure 1.
Text-Fig. 1. Arrangement of the sinal plication in specimen No. X 218.
(111) 12 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 13 mm
Hinge line = 10
Height = 9
Proportion of height to width = 1.44
A second exterior impression of a Brachial valve (Ser. No. X 216 PI. I, Fig.
8a) is cf a smaller specimen as compared with No. X 218.
Its measurements are
as follows:
Greatest width = 8 mm
Hinge line tr 3
Height =)
ba
Proportion of height to width = 1.60
The sinal depression is very clear and the arrangement of the sinal plica-
tions is shown in Text-ligure 2.
Text-Fig. 2. Arrangement of the sinal plications in specimen No. X 216.
The sinal plications have increased to six instead of four. Bifurcations and
branchings of plications are in general mcre numerous than in the case of No. X
218.
A third exterior impression of the brachial valve (Ser. No. X 220, Pl. I, Fig.
9a) has the following measurements:
Greatest width = 13 mm
Hinge line = § mn!
Height = 9 mm
Proportion of height to width = 1.44
Part of the hinge line is broken away, so its extent is in doubt.
No. X 220
differs from No. X 218 in (1) the lesscr prominence cf the sinus, (2) more bifurca-
Vol. f. M.S. Chang :—Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (11) 13
of the Netchia Formation
tion and branching of the plications, thus increasing the number to nearly forty,
and (3) seven plications in the sinus instead of four, with arrangement as shown in
Text-Figure 3.
Text-Fig 3. Arrangement of the sinal plications in specimen No. X 220.
An internal mold of the pedicle valve is shown by No. X 215, Pl. I, Fig. 10a.
It is convex, with the beak region slightly incurved. The fold is not prominent.
The surface ornamentation consists of more than forty plications which show more
bifurcations and intercalations along the fold than in any other place.
An impression of the exterior of the pedicle valve (No. X 219 Pl. I, Fig. 11a)
is a little larger and has a slight fold (representing the sinus). Its plications are
much more numerous because of their prcfuse intercalations and bifurcations.
Remarks. This species is characterized by a distinct though ill-defined fold
in the pedicle valve and a well-developed sinus in the brachial valve. It resembles
Orthis calligramma only in having striz in the interspaces of the plications. In the
order described the plications increase in number and grow more complicated.
Whether this represents a state of progressive evolution is difficult to say, because
the specimens at hand are too few to offer a definite explanation.
Horizon anp Locarity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
Nos. X 215, X 216, X 218, X 219, X 220; Cat. Nos. 3373, 3871, 3370, 3374, 3372).
7. Orthis ellipsoides Chang (sp. nov.)
Pl. I, Fig. 12a-d.
Specimens Nos. X 209 (PI. I, Figs. 12b, 12a) and X 201 (Pl. I, Figs. 12c, 12d)
represent the interior mold and the exterior impression of the pedicle valve respec-
tively, which, when put together, fit into each other exactly. The species is of
subelliptical outline, much wider than high. The hinge line is nct well preserved,
the shoulders sloping gently from the beak to the cardinal extremities which ap-
parently mark the greatest width. The interior mold shows the rostral cone separat-
(11) 14 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B.
ed from the plicated part by a U-shape groove. The surface is covered by about
twenty angular and rather simple plications with wider interspaces and intercala-
tions and branchings here and there.
Measurements :
Greatest width = 6 mm
Height =4 ,,
Preportion of height to width = 1.50
On the same slab is another specimen of the same species. The valve is a litile
more convex than No. X 201. The rostral cone shown in the interior mold is larger
and is separated from the plications by two more or less parallel grooves which do
not meet antericrly and thus become U-shaped as in the case of No. X 209. The
grooves become less and less deep as they recede from the beak, till in the anterior
part of the cone there remains only a trace of them.
Remarks: This species is very much hke Orthis calligramma Dalman, var!
Reed (figs. 16-19, pl. V, the Ordovician and Silurian Brachiopoda of the Girvan
District). It differs in not having fine longitudinal lines within the interspaces of
the plicaticns and faint transverse lamellose strie. Owing to Reed’s uncertainty
with regard to his specimen a new specific name is here proposed. As noted by
him this may be simply the young of Orthis calligramma Dalman, but for the pre-
sent we will leave it under a distinctive designation.
Horizon AND Locatity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yi. (Ser.
Nos. X 201, X 209; Cat. Nos. 3375, 3376).
8. Orthis calligramma Dalman. var. intercalare Chang (var. nov.)
Pl. Il, Figs. ra-b, 2a-b, 3a-b, & 4a-b.
This species is represented by a number of melds of both the pedicle and the
brachial valves. It is wider than high and has a hinge line which is a little less
than the greatest width and the frontal margin regularly curved. The pedicle
valve is gently convex, the beak being slightly incurved. The rostral cone is pear-
shaped and marked off from the plicated portion by two crescentic grooves which
become gradually less deep as they pass farther from the beak. On the surface
cf the conc are found seven longitudinal raised lines, the middle one being stronger
than the rest and seemingly continuous with the median plication. The brachial
valve is flat. A triangular restral cone with a groove occupied by a tongue-
shaped prcjection which does not reach the top, extends bevond the hinge line. It
Vot. J: M.S. Chang :—Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (tI) 15
of the Neichia Formation
is surrounded on both sides by a deep depression into which short spines are
pointing from the edge of the mold. In two other specimens a slight sinus is also
shown. The surface is covered by about thirty rounded plications with wider
interspaces and numerous intercalations, especially in the central part of the shell.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 13 mm
Hinge line = 12.5 rm
Height = 1A. Ta
Proportion of height to width = 1.18
Remarks: This species is made a new variety because it differs from Orthis
calligramma in having intercalations in its plications. The plications of Orthis
calligramma always remain simple.
Horizon anp Locatiry: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yi. (Ser.
Nos. X 224, X 225, X 227; Cat. Nos. 3377, 3378, 3379).
9, Orthis cf. unguis Sowerby
Pl. Il, fig. 5a-d.
cf. 1869. Orthis unguis Sow. Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, Pt. VII, No. III, p. 257, pl.
XXXVII, figs. 16-22.
Two specimens representing the interior mold and the exterior impression
of the pedicle valve are known. They are very imperfect and a discriminate de-
termination is impossible. They are referred to Orthis cf. unguis Sow. because
their plications are very angular, a fact not known in the case of Orthis calligramma.
The shell is rather smali, having a length of four mm. and a width of about
sixmm. It is almost flat and is ornamented by about fourteen simple and angular
plications which when viewed from the front simulate the cross section of a roof.
Horizon anp Locatiry: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
Nos. X210, X211; Cat. Nos. 3381, 3382).
10. Orthis cf. calligramma Dalman, var. subplicata Reed.
Pl. Il, Fig. 6a-d.
cf. 1917. Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. subplicata Reed. The Ordovician and Silurian Brachiopoda
of the Girvan District, p. 828. pl. V, figs. 10-15.
Only interior molds of the pedicle valve cf this species are known. The speci-
mens are rather imperfect and an exact identification is, therefore, difficult.
(111) 16 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B.
The shell is subquadrate and wider than high, the hinge line being slightly
less than the greatest width and the front regularly rounded. The pedicle valve is
strongly convex and a little swollen. The beak is high and a little incurved. The
rostral cone is highly developed and divided into cne median and two lateral lobes
by two deep and well-marked parallel grooves. The surface is mostly smocth,
only marked by plications cn the anterior two or three mm. of the mold!. The
uumber of plications is not known on account of the broken nature of the specimen,
but that there are intercalations and bifurcations seems to be certain.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 15 mm
Hinge line = 14 ,,
Height a ae
Length cn curvature = 15 mm
Proportion of height to width = 1.36
Shell index = 0.93
Another specimen (No. X 206 Pl. II, Figs. 6, 6a) shows some difference from.
the above. It is less convex and the hinge line seems to be equal to the greatest
width. The plicaticns are simple and have no intercalations. A high triangular
cardinal area is also suggested.
Remarks: ‘This species agrees well with the descriptions by Reed. It differs
from Orthis calligramma in being more convex and having plications of a more
complicated character.
Horizon anp Locatity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
Nos. X 208, X 206; Cat. Nos. 3383, 3384).
Genus PLECTORTHIS Hall and Clarke
11. Plectorthis sp. 1.
Pl. WU, Fig. 7a-d.
cf. 1917. Orthis (Plectorthis) ardiullanensis Reed. The Ordovician and Silurian Brachiopoda of the
Girvan district, p. 831, pl. V, figs. 33-39.
This species is represented by the exterior impression of the pedicle valve.
It is transversely elengated or Spirifer-ike in form, the width being mere than
twice the height. The hinge line is equal t> the greatest width and part of the hinge
1. Reed figures a similar mold (pl. V. fig. 13), but his other figures show that the exterior is well
plicated.
Vol. I. M.S.Chang: —Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (111) 17
of the Neichia Formation
area with a smooth surface is also shown. The shell is convex, the convexity being
more pronounced in the posterior two-thirds of the central region, while the an-
terior third is abruptly deflected downwards, with a rather strong geniculation.
The sides of the delthyrium are supported by delicate subparallel dental plates
which in the impression of the exterior, suggest a rectangular rostral cone with
sides about one mm. in length. The surface is covered by about forty rounded
plications, many of them showing intercalations. Concentric lamellose strie are
also present.
Remarks: The plications and shape of this species suggests Plectorthis
ardmillanensis Reed, but its transverse elongation and the absence of longitudinal
striz within the interspaces of the plications at once separates them.
Horizon anp Locauity: Occurs with the preceding. Ccll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
No. X 212; Cat. No. 3385).
12. Plectorthis sp. 2
Pl. JI, Fig. 8a-d.
cf. 1869. Orthis elegantula Dalman: Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, Pt. VII, No. III, p. aur,
pl. XXVII, figs. 1-9, (with literature references).
This species is also represented by an exterior impression of the pedicle
valve. It is cardiform or has the shape of an inverted isosceles triangle. It is a
little wider than high and has the greatest width at the hinge line. The beak
region is filled by the broken rostral cone, margined by the delicate subparallel
dental plates. The shellis convex, being most pronounced alcng the central region
thus giving a steeply crescentiform section. The surface is ornamented by round
and bifurcating plications, the number of which is indeterminable on account of
the broken conditions of the shell. In the center of the anterior porticn there are
about five plice in twomm. The measurements are six mm. for height and seven
mm. for width.
Remarks: ‘The specimen is too poor for specific identification.
Horizon anp Locatity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu (Ser.
No. X 214; Cat. N. 3386).
Genus DALMANELLA Hall and Clarke
13. Dalmanella cf. elegantula (Dalman)
Pl. IJ, Figs. ga-d & 10a-d.
cf. 1869. Orthis elegantula Dalman: Davidson, British Fossil Brachiopoda, Pt. VII, No. II, p. 211,
pl. XXVII, figs. 1-9, (with literature references).
cf. 1892. Orthis elegantula Dalman. Hall and Clarke, Paleontology of New York, Vol. VUI, Pt. I, pl.
Ve. figs. 15-19.
(tir) 18 Palxontoloyia Sinica Ser. B.
This species is longitudinally ovate, much higher than wide. The hinge
line is a little shorter than the greatest width which les just below the median
line of the shell. The pedicle valve is uniformly convex and rather strongly arched.
The beak is moderately protuberant and a little incurved. The surface orna-
mentation consists of round plications which bifurcate into smaller and secondary
plications at varying distances from the beak. Because of this feature the inter-
spaces are very narrow. There are cn the average eight plice in five mm. at the
front.
Remarks: This species agrees well with Davidson’s description of Orthis
elegantula. It differs from Orthis testudinaria Dalman in being higher than wide,
while in the case of the latter the reverse is usually true.
Horizon anp Locatity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yu. (Ser.
Nos. X 213, X 236; Cat. Nos. 3387, 3388).
Gcnus RAFINESQUINA Hall and Clarke
14. Rafinesquina cf. muthensis Reed
Pl. Il, Figs. rra-b. 12a-b. & 13a-b.
cf. 1912. Rafinesquina muthensis Reed. Ordovician and Silurian Fossils from the Central Himalayas.
Paleontologia Indica, Series XV, Vol. VII, Mem. No. 2, p. 43, pl. VIII, figs. 13-15.
This species is represented by a number of specimens, most of them being
imperfect. Our best preserved pedicle valve (x 245, Pl. II, Fig. 12a) is semicir-
cular in outline. The hinge line is slightly shorter than the greatest width which
lies about the central part of the shell. The pedicle valve is moderately convex,
more or less strongly arched in front. The beak is small and pointed; the hinge
area smooth and narrow. The surface is covered by radiating and rather fine
plications of unequal strength, which bifurcate and intercalate at various distances
from the beak. In the space of three mm. at the front there are about six plica-
tions.
Measurements:
Greatest width = 19 mm
Hinge line = 13 mm
Height = 15 nim
Length on curvature = 17 mm
Proportion of height to width = 1.46
Shell index = 1.06
Vol. I. M.S. Chang :—Brachiopoda from the Orthis Bed (111) 19
of the Neichia Formation
Reed’s fig. 15, Pl. VII, gives:
Greatest width = 10 mm
Hinge line = 10 1m
Height = 7 mm
Proporticn of height to width = 1.43
Remarks: Owing to the imperfect nature of the specimen the true status of
this species is not definitely known. It is referred to Rafinesquina muthensis Reed,
because their characters are apparently in close affinity. They have, however,
this difference; the greatest width of Rafinesquina muthensis Reed is at the hinge
line while that of our species lies about the middle part of the shell. There are
two other specimens (X 244 and X 246 Pl. II, Figs. 11a and 13a) which come from
the same slab but shcw a slightly different form. They are mcre or less conical in-
stead of elliptical in shape. For the present they are classified together with X
245, but that they may prove to be different is not entirely impossible.
Horizon and Locauity: Occurs with the preceding. Coll. C. C. Yii. (Ser.
Nos. X244, X 245, X 246; Cat. Nos. 3389, 3390, 3391).
CONCLUSION.
The brachiopod fauna cf the Yangtzeella Beds of the Gorge district is not
yet fully known. Several years ago Miss Kolarova made a study but her results
have not yet been published. Judging from the preliminary fossil lists of Pro-
fessor Lee and Mr. Yui and comparing Miss Kcolarova’s material with the one des-
cribed in this paper it at once becomes evident that Yangtzeella and Clitambonttes
are the dominant brachiopods in western Hupeh while Orthis takes their place in
northern Hupeh as alreadly pointed out in the introduction. A difference of
faunal facies like this can lead te but one conclusion; namely, the existence of a
different horizon in the northern district. Whether or not the fact is such and what
is the exact relation of the horizon to the Yangtzeella Beds in the Gorge District
if it does exist, remain to be substantiated by further and more detailed stratigra-
phical work.
o>
(ii) 2 Palwontologia Sinica Ser. B.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Barrande, Joachim: Systeme Silurien du Centre de la Bohéme, Vol. V, 1879.
Davidson, Thomas: The Silurian Brachiopoda, a Monograph of the British Fcssil
Brachiopcda. Palegontographical Society, 1865-1883.
Hall, James: Paleontology of New York, Vol. VIII, Pt. I, 1892.
Hayagsaka, I.: Paleozoic Brachiopoda from Japan, Korea and China, Pt. I, Middle
and Southern China. The Science Reports of the Téhoku Imperial
University, Sendai, Japan, Second Series, Vol. VI, No. 1, 1922.
IXavser, E.: Mittel-und Obersilurische Versteinerungen aus dem Gebirgsland von
Tshau-Tien (China). Richthofen, China, Vol. IV, 1888.
Lee, J.5.: Geology of the Gorge District of the Yangtze. Bull. Geol. Soc. China,
Vol. III, No. 3-4, 1924.
Mansuy, H.: Etude géologique du yunnan oriental, Ile partie, Paléontclogie.
Mém. Serv. Géol. de Indochine, 1912.
Reed, F. R. Cowper: The Lower Paleozoic fossils of the Northern Shan States,
Burma. Paleeontolegia Indica, New Series, Vol. IT, Mem. 3, 1906.
tecd, F. R. Cowper: Ordovician and Silurian fossils from the Central Him-
alaya. Paleontologia Indica, Series XV, Vol. VII, Mem. 2. 1912.
Reed, F. R. Cowper: Supplementary Memoir on New Ordovician and Silurian
fossils from the Northern Shan States. Paleontologia Indica, New
series, Vol. VI, Mem. 1, 1915.
Reed, F. R. Cowper: Ordovician and Silurian fossils from Yunnan. Paleon-
tologia Indica, New Series, Vol. VI, Mem. 3, 1917.
Reed, F. R. Cowper: The Ordovician and Silurian Brachiopoda of the Girvan
District. Transactions of the Royal Society cf Edinburgh, Vol. LI,
Pt. IV, No. 26, 1917.
Schuchert. Charles and Le Vene, Clara M.: Fossilium Catalogus, 1: Animalia,
Pars. 42: Brachiopoda. 1929.
Weller, Stuart: A Report on Ordovician Fossils collected in Eastern Asia in 1903-
4. Research in China, Vol. ILI, the Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington, 1913.
Yabe, H. and Hayasaka, I.: Palecntolegy of Southern China, Geographical
Research in China 1911-1916. Tokyo Geographical Society, 1920.
Yu, ©. ©. and Shu, W. P.: Geology of Siangvang, Nanchang, Ichang, Ching-
men, Chunghsiang and Chingshan districts, North Hupeh. Mem. the
Institute of Geology, National Research Institute cf China, No. VIII,
1929,
Yu, C.C.: The Ordovician Cephalopoda cf Central China. Paleeontologia Sinica,
series B, Vol. 1, Fase. 2, 19380.
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE Il.
(111) 21
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
1.
la
1b
2a
2b
3
3a
3b
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.
LGN. Saukncbasseh aris pence pupae Cake haNe res eM eer ERAN IGE
Pedicle valve. Nat. size.
Same valve x 4.
Loc:—-Taihungsnan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. No. 3363).
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. sinensis Chang ..
Internal mold of the pedicle valve. Nat. size.
Same mold x 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 5S. C. Cat. No. 3364).
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. hupehensis Chang
ie
External impressicn of the pedicle valve of the holotype. Nat. size.
Gutta percha mold of same valve.
3c=3a x 2.
3d=3b x 2.
4.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3365a, 3365b).
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. hupehensis Chang
4a External impression cf another pedicle valve. Nat. size.
4b
Gutta percha mold of same valve.
4c=4a x 3.
4d=4b x 3.
D.
5a Exterior impression of the brachial valve. Nat. size.
ob
Loc:—Taitungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3366a, 3366b).
Orthis carausit Salter, var. nanchanghsiensis Chang
Gutta percha mold of same valve.
pe=Sa x 2.
5d=5b « 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G.S. CU. Cat. Nos. 3367a, 3367b).
(111) 22
7
PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA
M. 5. Chang:—Neichiashan Brachiopoda Plate |
74
7b
Fig.
hig,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.—( Continued )
6. Orthis carausti Salter. ..6..666006 oo oooooooooooooooooocoovoccccccececeececcseneee P. 10
6a Interior mold of the pedicle valve. x 2.
6b Same mold x 4.
6c Exterior impression cf another pedicle valve x 2.
Gd Gutta percha mold of same valve x 2.
6e=6c x 4.
6f=6d x 4.
Loc :—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8S. C. Cat. Nos. 3368, 3369a, 3369b).
7. OUvthis netohtaenses WANG piv sdxed aig naesaevaxcdasaeaewsa asian damnesneks | game |
7a Exterior impression of the brachial valve, Nat. size.
7b Gutta percha mold of same valve.
Tesla * 2.
T7170) & 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3370a, 3370b).
8B, Orthis newthitenais CNENS cca scny. ca enaces fesessge seed peas ane eee Pu
8a Exterior impression of another brachial valve x 2.
8b Gutta percha mold of same valve x 2.
8c=8a x 4.
8d=8b x 4.
Loc:.—Taihungshan, NanchangHsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3371a, 3371b).
9: Opiiis neiehioensie Chane cic1ccis viii nwnasvberaieneaaseeaas nes vareatedseatwins Pp. TL
9a Exterior impression of a third brachial valve. Nat. size.
9b Gutta percha mold of same valve.
NGH Ua «2.
Sd=Sb- x 2,
Loc:.—Taihungshan, NanchangHsien, N. Hupeh.
(G.5. C. Cat. Nos. 3372a, 3372b).
(111) 23
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE I.—{( Continued)
LO. Opis Renee Ss CR De sy eiwe hetatsens enw oneiedeunueiisenincuavanennioniees
10a Interior mold of the pedicle valve. Nat. size.
10b Same valve x 3.
Loc:.—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. S. C. Cat. No. 3378).
Ll. Ovthis nerbiaenss CNENS ccccciesscasuseieeasstinseoes specsaeaangans nice
lia Exterior impression of another pedicle valve. Nat. size.
11lb Gutta percha mold of same valve.
lic=114. x 2.
lid=l1b x. 2;
Loc:-—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3874a, 3374b).
1S, (Oprhes Ce sncties MANA: 512k idan taaeapaiencanw nds atys eieidnpionendenaned shame
12a Exterior impression of the Pedicle valve x 2.
12b Interior mold of the pedicle valve x 2.
12c Interior mold x 4.
12d Exterior impression x 4.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3375, 3376).
(111) 24
P;
11
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE Il.
(111) 25
Fig.
Fig.
Tig.
Fig.
Fig.
1.
la
1b
2.
2a
2b
3.
3a
3b
4a
4b
5b
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. intercalare Chang ..........-....06
Interior mold of the pedicle valve. Nat. size.
Same mold x 3.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. &. C. Cat. No. 3377).
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. intercalare Chang ..................
Interior mold of the brachial valve. Nat. size.
Same mold x 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. No. 3378).
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. intercalare Chang ..................
Interior mold of another brachial valve x 2.
Same mold x 4.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. No. 3380).
Orthis calligramma Dalman, var. intercalare Chang ..................
Interior mold of a third brachial valve. Nat. size.
Same mold x 3.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 3. ©. Cat. No. 3379).
OGTIGS 425, WRU OW ETI Y pissnn nein Si peniG Lease apomalisesd act eget elenes
Interior mold of the pedicle valve x 2.
Same mold x 4.
Exterior impression of the pedicle valve x 2.
Same impression x 4.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3381, 3382).
(111) 26
. 14
. 14
. 14
. 14
PALAEONTOLOGIA SINICA
M. S. Chang:—Neichiashan Brachiopoda Plate II
I2a
Sen Bo Vols dl, Fase. 3-
EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.—(Continued)
Fig. 6.. Orthis cf. calligramma Dalman, var. subplicata Reed ................ Pel
6a Interior mold of the pedicle valve. Nat. size.
6b Same mold x 2.
6c Interior mold of another pedicle valve. Nat. size.
6d Same mold x 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. S. C. Cat. Nos. 3883, 3384).
He ie, WP Teron So A axon ccieadinenecanpanilian emai gituas Gauss Raven oexatanieneaceonoue:! bra
7a Exterior impression cf the pedicle valve. Nat. size.
7b Gutta Percha mold of same valve.
fé=/a « 2.
id= (bo x 2,
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Nos. 3385a, 3385b).
Eig So. SERIE Sy. 2 apc aciesesenawiweshioaeaanaiantudsaa sana useecenees P. 17
8a Exterior impression cf the pedicle valve x 2.
8b Gutta percha mold cf same valve x 2.
8c=8a x 4.
sd=sb x 4,
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8S. C. Cat. Nos. 3386a, 3386b).
Fig, 9, Dolmanetla ef. elegantild Dalman scscccsecssssascwnsvorisenes auessenscesttines Py iF
9a Exterior impression of the pedicle valve. Nat. sizv.
9b Gutta percha mold of same valve.
No 9a. % 8;
9d=9b x 3. '
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
iG. S. C. Cat. Nos. 3387a, 3387b).
(111) 27
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 11.—{(Continued)
lig. 10... Dobwencila (ct, elepantula Daliwate :-cnisesosviccuiivaceiwacexstavenneeaetaenes
10a Exterior impression of another pedicle valve. Nat. size.
10b Gutta percha mold of same valve.
10c=10a x 3.
10d=10b x 3.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G.S. C. Cat. Nos. 3388a, 3388b).
Pig. 11, deapinesquine ef. yijithensie lOO) csowiwsverscadnoscenatsssiaairemvaesvssal
1la Pedicle valve. Nat. size.
11lb Same valve x 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. No. 3389).
Fie. 12, ddepimesgeorna ef. -mutiensis Reotl iis ssncnweuwcvsssiatarsaidewekeensccivuiien
12a Another pedicle valve. Nat. size.
12b Same valve x 2.
Loc:—Taihungshan, Nanchang Hsien, N. Hupeh.
(G. 8. C. Cat. Ne. 3390).
13, Refinesquinag et, authensis Re@Cd vessisysvewwew ve viccgsasdacanveniesviasveanee
13a Une er eC EERE E TE Ronee CRI tree eter nrtTnEN Cer er PRISE EE Ty tee eee Re aE eb aaceeene 7
SE Ar cise Slates 2.2) 10k) | Rl ae eee mee ya RE PaR AER SO On Lee ee ee eee eC Re i eer 0
AG SOOHIMG TTBS IO Me, cect raany Mae a eee aae seca ay aera wars 4 apeoaaia Dvsehaahe 6
Te: Na ede I esis cl ac cee eee Coe dead ote a een eile a ade thets 9
14 -eGnelomeitte limestones ascii cecans dusampenenk Wied os eet anes aics Gu ata eowanes +
165 et eceled, Ninamee Wan ieie casa: cas coea ada eae yee Ree AS eaeaoa hi Mienakeau 9
Te -@onine Meson, a7 cape soe 4 Gaede aan io Ue ee a eee eae naa 4
Lae. aia Werided: Nenestiiiess gay acniesevorsceeccnaca oe in oaieccadensy das hsccogodas 2
10: eonrpact andl dark gray lirmestone: IPT iis cveuscsniseesvvenrviasencnanns Wee sdvatan 0
O:) Elita, Weicicted, lnc states. anes se tera ea eaanbasdaens aad ax oe cade eeaeeaiake 1 8 owe eee 0
© -OCnery mie a rOneseseeaupocedenesaapiansuen apeeeie: Seeaacanacrs, Medeeden Leu eadi 3
q ) tribes Wade ead Tires PANG... grvatiwnein toagetwineeonmned ua aensiautawyesa-aoee Bs dee ap S
. WCHery” ULES OM Gao ov pues vdagcan in Oe weed yaennuunecawanasiabpneneandss aap ee 8
5 thin-bedded limestone............. Sa SsSesre calulecti dence eae Dena ees he aa ees 8
A TitreOMMmatonal: MiG SUO We asic eyeviews sanensk bveeeedaeeuedy ya xe i 5 eer 0
ey | MIC ee ay Tate Tee's Lon daa capeape's sd va ceo cata dame veins menimeten xs ke Be sa wcsacai 4
2. thui- bedded @chery: limes nOnie vu varielvderadansaawn sais hone paeenoeateve: etre eree 0
1) dnbralormitiana) eats lOmerats,,.2505 vee case aaa eee eaenicats 1 | eens 0
(iv) 12 Palxontologia Sinica Ser. B.
The following species are found in the University collection:
Graptozoa
1, Clonograptus? cambria San
Brachipoda
2, Obolus tainnensis Sun F,
3. Syntrophia orthia Walcott Fy
4, Agnostus cyclopygeformis Sun Fy
5, Ptychaspis subglobosa Grabau Fs
6. Ptychaspis angulata var. chinensis Sun F,
(Juadraticephalus waleotti Sun Fy
8. Kaolishania pustulosa Sun F,
9, Mansuyia orientalis (Grabau) Sun F,
10. Taianocephalus grabaui Sun F,
11. Chuangia batia walcott F,
12. [llenurus ceres Walcott fF,
13. Dlenurus Pagoda Sun
Dr. Walcott has correlated this formation with the Chaumitien limestone of
the Chang-hia region and referred it to the lower part of that formation, but with our
present faunal evidence this formation is recognized as younger than the Chaumitien
limestone and should be given a separate name.
Ptychaspis subglobosa Grabau also occurs in the same character of limestone
(limestone conglomerate) of the Féngshan formation, Manswyia orientalis (Grabau)
Sun is also the most common species in that formation. The succession of the strata and
the palzeontology clearly indicates that this formation is the equivalent of Féngshan
limestone of Chihli, and certainly belongs to the upper part of the Upper Cambrian,
Agnostus eyclopygeformis Sun is very closely related to the European form ul,
cyclopyge of Sweden, This indicates that the Upper Cambrian sea of China had a close
connection with that of Europe. That is why many Chinese and European forms appear
to be identical.
Ptychaspis angulata Mansuy is found abundantly in the Upper part of the Upper
Cambrian of Tonking, it is also present in this formation. Hence this formation is
equivalent to Pfychaspis angulata zone of Indo-China.
The discovery of the new genus (nudraticephalus of the family Dikelocephalinee
which comprises the characteristic form of the Upper Camlvian of North America is of
considerable interest and significance,
Vol, [ Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North Chins (iv) 13.
The presence of Clonograptus and the Cyrtoceras figured by Walcott is of signifi-
cance, because both are more typical of the Ordovician and must at least be regarded as
transition types of the Cambro-Ordovician strata. The graptolite was found several
years ago by Mr. K. W. Hsu during an excursion to the locality in charge of Dr. H. W.
Wong.
T agree with Dr. Walcott in putting this formation in the Upper Cambrian, but I
regret that I cannot follow him in including this formation in the Chaumitien limestone.
I am disposed to separate this formation under a new name, the Kaolishan (Kaoli)
formation, and to refer it to the uppermost part of the Upper Cambrian.
b. CuHaumirien. }KJE This is the type locality for the Chaumitien limestone
which was named by Willis and Blackwelder. Near the top of that limestone, we found
a new horizon characterized by a transition fauna. The name of Chaumitien limestone,
I think, should be restricted to the lower part of that formation, while the upper beds
characterized by the Ordovician types should be given a separate name.
The following species are found in the upper zone:
Brachiopoda
1. Billingsella sp.
Cephalopoda
2. Loxoceras cambria Sun*
2. Orthoceras nanshanensis Sun*
Trilobita
4, Changia chinensis Sun
Ptychaspis acamus var. punctata Sun
On
6. Ptychaspis tani Sun
Ptychaspis and Billingsella are the characteristic fossils of Upper Cambrian while
Loxoceras and Orthoceras are apparently Ordovician forms.
Because the presence of Ptychaspis acamus Walcott I am constrained to put this
horizon in very late Cambrian rather than basal Ordovician, and consider that the cepha-
lopod element is a new invasion.
It is evident that this formation, characterized by the mixed fauna, should not be
included in the Chaumitien limestone which is now restricted to those lower beds charac-
terized by Wurmkalke (intraformational conglomerates). This upper horizon, however,
may be the equivalent of the Féngshan series of Chihli.
* These will be described in a reparate paper by the Author.
(iv) 14 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B.
ce. Tawenkovu. AX This place, 50 li south of Tai-An, is well known for Stone-
swallows. This formation is very fossiliferous and of Kushan age. The lower part furni-
shes a large number of Drepanuras while the upper contains some Blackwelderias and
Damesellas.
The following species were found in this formation:
1. Dyrepanura premesnili Bergeron
2. Drepanura ketteler1 Monke
3. Agnostus douvillii Bergeron
4. Liostracina krausii Monke
5. Shantungia spinifera Walcott
6. Agnostus kushanensis Walcott
7. Stephanoeare richthofeni Monke
8. Damesella sp.
9. Blackwelderia sp.
FENGTIEN PROVINCE
Only the Upper Cambrian is known from Sha-kuo-T’ un, Chin-Hsi-Hsien, #0
west Fengtien. ‘The fossils were collected by. J. G. Andersson, mining adviser to the
Chinese Government. The section is given in the Bulletin of the Geological Society
of China (Vol. II No. 1-2 p, 1U1.).
The following species are found in this limestone:
Trilobita
1. Ptychaspis walcotti: Mansuy
2, Ptychaspis acamus Walcott
3. Ptychaspis chinhsihsiensis Sun
4. Ptychaspis (Anderssonia) féngtienensis Sun
5. Agnostus sp.
Brachiopoda
6. Eoorthis shakuotunensis Sun
This formation is characterized by two new species of Ptychaspis and certainly
belongs to the Upper part of the Cambrian. The Lower and the Middle Cambrian are
absent in this region and the Shakuotun limestone lies disconformably upon the pre-
Cambrian (Sinian) rocks.
The subdivisions of the Cambrian of N. China are as follows:
Vol. I Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China (iv) 15
F AR
SHANTUNG CHIHLI FENGTIEN
* TAIAN REGION CHANGHIA REGION KAIPING BASIN CHINHSTHSIEN
a
: F 2, =) ;
U. ©. Kaolishan limestone = Orthoceras Zone € Fengshan limestone Shakuotun limestone
Chaumitien as si ; o :
limestone? a Chaumitien limestone a Changshan series
M. ©. Kushan formation 5 Kushan formation a ushan shale
=] z ‘
Gy auiletnwaemagsluneas marke v Changhia limestone 3 Changhia limestone
ie)
L. €. Manto shale Manto shale Manto shale
From the lithological, and stratigraphic relations, and the Paleontology, it is clear
that the early Middle Cambrian sea, must have been free from mechanical sediments to
permit the formation of oolitic limestone and then become gradually shallow in the late
Middle Cambrian and the Upper Cambrian time permitting the formation of shales and
intraformational conglomerates.
The Lower Cambrian sea of China had no connection with the Atlantic or the
Boreal province; but the Middle Cambrian was to some extent confluent with the Boreal
and west American Provinces, and more particularly was this the case in Upper Cambri-
an time.
A number of American genera, and even species are found in this country,
though, on the whole the faunas are quite distinct.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES
Class GRAPTOZOA Grabau
Genus CLONOGRAPTUS Hall
Clonograptus? Cambria Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I. Fig. 1.
This species is only represented by one stipe slightly curved.
Stipe somewhat rigid and slender. Thece fifteen to sixteen in 10 mm., slender
tubes inclined 30° or more. Apertural margins concave oblique, conspicuously mucro-
nate. Each theca averages 1.5 mm. in length and 0.5 mm. in width. Maximum width
of stipe about 1 mm.
Tn form this species resembles Clonograptus tenellus from the Dictyonema shale
of Sweden and England; but it differs in that it has 15 or 16 thecee in 10 mm. while in
C. tenellus only 10 thece are found in 10 mm. As the generic determination is mainly
(iv) 16 Palzxontologia Sinica Ser. B.
based on the number of stipes, and only one stipe of this species is known, the generic
determination of this specimen is still somewhat doubtful.
This species occurs in a thin slab of gray limestone which was collected several
years ago by Mr. kK. W. Hsu ((@f#) of National South Eastern University.
Horizon anp LocaLity: Upper Cambrian; Kaolishan limestone of Tai-An,
Shantung.
Clas ANNELIDA
Cenns CLIMACTICHNITES Logan
ClimactichnitesZjmathieui Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I. Fig. 2.
One specimen from Luanchou contains the trails of an annelid, which apparently
belongs to Climactichnites. The trails of Climactichnites were also found in the Upper
Cambrian of New York and Wisconsin, N. America.
Woodworth suggests that the animals which made these trails were mollusks ca-
paple of crawling up from the water at low tide, while Walcott thinks the trails were
certainly made by annelids.
T agree with Dr. Walcott, because many annelids have been found in the Cam-
brian strata.
The Chinese form is represented by an impression of the trails on the under side
of the rock, which clearly shows the character in relief,
It is small, being only 3.5 mm. in width having 8 grooves in 1 em, indicating
that it was the trail of an annelid of ordinary size.
This species is quite distinct from any known foreign species. I take pleasure in
naming it in honor of Dr. F. F, Mathieu, geologist of the Kailan Mining Administration.
Measurements : —
Average width of groove with very narrow ridges
Beet IN ssc casas 95 Sa Spatecubeanaedetediceh aeuAA “eet teenae ones 1 mm.
Horizon aAnp Locauity: Lower Cambrian, Manto shale of Luanchou; collected
by Dr. F. F. Mathieu.
Vol. I. Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China (iv) 17
Clas BRACHIOPODA Duméril
Genus OBOLUS Eichwald
Obolus (Westonia) leei.Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I. Fig. 3a-3e.
Shell of medium size, depressed convex; general form broadly ovate, almost sub-
quadrate, with the pedicle valve obtusely acuminate. The frontal margin nearly straight,
both sides are nearly parallel, regularly and gently rounded; posterior margins straight on
both sides of the beak, meeting at the latter at an angle of about 125°. Shell little
longer than the wide.
Surface marked by coarse concentric lines of growth and the characteristic orna-
mentation. This appears to be formed of a very fine network of oblique depressed lines
which divide it into minute diamond-shaped spots, a surface which resembles, under a
strong lens, the texture of finely woven cloth.
This species is represented by only one valve of the sheil; the measurements are
as follows:
LGN G ths op soe cpenpaedias eases ee er rer eee 9.0 mm,
WW 10 GUE ceusa neuer coi aaunsaaae acu sieaiwatuaion eae eaetoncouasee 8.5 mm,
Horizon anp Locantity:—Cambrian: from purple shale of Luan-Chou. Collected
by Dr. F. F. Mathieu, geologist to the Kailan Mining Administration of Tang-Shan.
This species is named after Prof. J. S. Lee 4/956 of the National University.
The surface-ornamentation of this species is not unlike that of Obolus (Westonia)
stoneanus (Whitfield) from the Upper Cambrian sandstone of Sauk county Wisconsin
(U.S. A.) but it differs in the broad form of the shell, and also in size.
This species is characterized by its subquadrate form and reticulated structure of
the surface, which is a feature quite distinct from that of any known Chinese species,
Obolus mollisonensis? Walcott
Plate I. Figs. 4a, 4b.
1912 Obolus mollisonensis Walcott, Cambrian Geology and Pal. (Smiths. Miscell. coll. Vol. 57) Vol. II
No. 7; p. £81, pl. 35, figs. 10-12.
1938 Obolus moilisonensis Walcott, Sun. Bull. Geol. Soc. of China. Vol. II No. 1-2 p. 94 (listed).
(iv) 18 Palzontologiu Sinica Ser. B.
Shell small, of subovate outline; moderately convex, length and width subequal.
Posterior border nearly straight meeting at the beak and forming an obtuse aagle
(110°). Anterior lateral borders rounded, frontal margin more gently rounded. Con-
vexity most pronounced near the umbonal region, the shell becoming flattened towards
the front,
Surface uneven, marked by fine irregular, concentric line of growth, and a few
coarse concentric wrinkles.
This shell shows almost exactly the characters. of the species described under
Obolus mollisonensis by Walcott from the Lower Ordovician of Mount Mollison British
Columbia, and although the interior characters are not known, I tentatively refer it to
that species because of the agreement in form.
This shell also resembles Obolus (Broggeria) saltert (Holl) of the Upper Cam-
brian and Lower Ordovician of north western Europe, but the surface features of Obolus
(Broggeria) salteri are absent in our specimens; and the agreement is closer with the
Mount Mollison specimen. Only two specimens of this species have been found in China,
one of which is poorly preserved.
A comparison of the measurement of our best specimen.(Fig. 4 a) and of W.
American and European forms give as follows:
Chinese specimen fig. 4a Walcott type 0. (Broggeria) salteri
Length 5.6 mm, 5.2 mn. 6.0 mm.
Width 6.0 mm. 5.6 mm. | 6.8 mm.
Horizon anp Lecanity:—Harly Upper Cambrian: from purple shale of Chang-
shan formation of Chao-kou-chuang, Luan-Hsien, Chihli: collected by Survey Expedition.
Obolus linyuensis Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I. Fig. 5.
Shell small, oval; moderately convex, length slightly greater than the greatest
width. Posterior borders nearly straight meeting at the beak approximately in an angle
of 80°. Antero-lateral borders rounded.
Surface marked by lines of growth which are regular, giving a smooth and glis-
tering appearance, but becoming more coarse in the anterior part.
This species is represented by only one specimen and characterized by its small
glistening shell with concentric lines of growth regularly arranged.
Vol I. Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China (iv) 19
Measurements :—
TOOT wystdedsueng Lote d ceed aghern hey sue amaumanesewenioes 4.0 mm.
B.S b's eee ere On a Pee ME Seon AAA AEM ON RE aR ester econ Tye 3.8 mm.
This species resembles Obolus willisi Walcott from the Upper Cambrian and Mid-
dle Cambrian of Alabama, in form, but differs in the absence of the punctate character of
the surface and also in the character of the umbo and in size.
Horizon anp Locanity: —Cambrian: from limestone inter-bedded in Manto
shale of Hung-shan-T‘ou, #1W98 Lin-Yu Hsien: collected by University excursion in 1923
under the direction of the author.
Obolus taianensis Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I, Fig. 6a, 6 b.
Shell small, ovate in form, pedicle valve obtusely rounded; valves moderately
convex, the convexity increasing gradually from the margins to the umbonal portion of
the shell. |
Surface marked by concentric lines: when the outer layer of the shell is exfolia-
ted, numerous radiating strize will appear on the surface. The shell is formed of lamel-
lose layers, which make a strong thick shell.
Measurements :—
TOW ui u core c duaneata ern meenuyeneuaecua Diep aers 8,9 nam,
Width ........ PE EER aN RRNA Re A ANERS NESTE OEEATEEET eee ST nee 6.4 mm.
The shell figured by Walcott on Plate II fig. 2, from Kaolishan and provisionally
referred to O. matinalis Hall may belong to this species, agreeing with it in general
form and size, though the length of Walcott’s specimen is slightly greater than the
width.
This species is distinguished by its oval shape, moderate convexity of the shell
and the lamellose character of the shell surface. It is represented by many individuals
which oceur abundantly in that zone,
Horizon any Locatity:——Upper Cambrian: associated with Ptychaspis subglobosa
Grabau in the upper beds of Kaolishan limestone (Coll. Y. C. Sun).
Obolus luanhsiensis Grabau (mss.) (sp. nov.)
Plate I, Figs. 7 a-7 ¢.
1883 Lingulelia sp. Kayser in Richthofen China, Vol- pl. 111, fig. 2.
(iv) 20 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B.
1919 Obolus? sp. indet. Walcott, Cambrian Brachiopoda p. 62.
1992 Obolus iuanhsiense Grabau (mss. )
1923 Obolus luanhsiense Grabau, Sun. Bull. Geol. Soc. China, Vol. IT, p. 98 (listed).
‘Shell moderately large of subtriangular outline and moderate to strong con-
vexity; length slightly less than the greatest width which is in the anterior third of the
shell. Posterior borders nearly straight meeting at the beak approximately in a right
angle. Antero-lateral borders rounded, front straight or more rarely faintly sinuate.
Convexity most pronounced in the umbonal region, the shell becoming flattened towards
the front.
“Surface marked by lines of growth which are fine and regular in the young
shell giving the surface a smooth appearance, but become coarser and more of the nature
of faint concentric wrinkles in the adult portion, where the shell is also sometimes charac-
terized by a few faint radiating wrinkles. Exceedingly fine radiating lines are shown
under a high power lens on the young shell.
“Dimensions. Three individuals measure respectively: length 7.6 mm., 5.6 mm.,
6.4 mm., width 8. mm., 5.1 mm., 6.5 mm.
Horizon and Locatity:—Associated with Lingulella kayseri Grabau in the thin-
bedded limestone layers of the Féngshan formation of Upper Cambrian age at Yeh-li,
Luan-Hsien, Chihli; collected by H. C. T’an,
‘This species is not unlike Lingula petalose Hicks from the Arenig of Whitesand
Bay (Davidson: Silurian Brachiopoda, pl. XLIX, fig. 30, p. 837). That species is
described as broadest in the middle, but some of the xpecimens figured by Davidson
show the greatest width in the anterior third. In this respect, as well as in general
shape and in size, they agree fairly well with our species.’’ (Grabau).
Genus LINGULELLA Salter
Lingulella dimorpha Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I, Fig. 8a-8b.
Shell of medium size, and subrectangular form; length and width approximately
as six to five. Sides of shell nearly parallel, but gently curved, frontal margin rounded
at the sides, straight in the center; posterior margins straight on either side of the beak,
meeting at the latter at an angle of about 150°.
Vo! I. Sun—-Cambrian Faunas of North China (iv) 21
Surface marked by two stages of growth lines. The young stage is characterized
by its undulating growth-lines, while the adult stage is marked by ordinary growth-lines
crossed by very fine radiating strie. A triangular median depression is slightly marked,
and outlined by two slightly elevated broad and low ridges which are only seen on the
perfect specimen of the shell.
This species resembles Lingulella kayseri Grabau in form, but differs in the char-
acter of the growth-lines, in the more obtuse beak and also in size.
This species is characterized by two different stages of growth lines, subrectan-
gular form, and the obtuse angle of the beak of the shell.
I 2
Measurements :— Luanchou Yehli
eneth icp tks abuegeeecseees 12.00 {bos
WGC anther tions 10.50 12.8
Horizon anp Locatrrizs:—Upper Cambrian: from thin-bedded clayey limestone
of Luan-chou. Collected by Dr, F. F. Mathieu. Also in lower part of Féngshan forma-
tion near Yeh-li. Coll. by Y. C. Sun,
Lingulella liui Sun (sp. nov.)
Piste I, Figs. 9a-9c.
Shell small, elongate egg-shaped with both posterior and anterior end obtusely
rounded: depressed-convex, the frontal margin obtusely rounded; width gradually
increases from the frontal margin to the middle ofthe shell. Beak obtuse with an angle
of 110°; greatest width is in the middle of the shell.
The outer surface usually has a glistening appearance and is marked by regular
fine but sharp concentric strice and coarser lines of growth at frequent intervals. When
the outer shell is exfoliated, it is distinctly marked by many elongated pustules, and the
frontal margin by very fine radiating striw.
This species is represented by three specimens all apparently ventral valves. It
presents quite distinct a form from any known Chinese species.
This species resembles Lingulella ferruginea Salter in general appearance, but
differs in the character of the shell, in the more elongated form, and in the absence of
the distinct radiating striw. Three specimen measure respectively; length 5.5 mm. 4.9,
5.5, width 3.5, 3.3, 8.4,
(iv) 22 Palzontologia Sinica Ser. B
Horizon anp Locarrry:—from the Cambrian purple shale of Juan-Chou:
collected by Dr. F. F. Mathieu. The specific name is given in honor of Mr. ©. P. Liu,
#IJE# dean of the Geological Department of the National Normal College of Peking.
Lingulella kayseri Grabau (mss.) (sp. nov.)
Plate I, Figs. 10 a-10c
[883 Lingulella sp. Kayser, in Richthofen. Vol- IV, p. 35, pl. IIT, fig. =.
1919 Lingulella davisii Walcott (non McKoy) Cambrian Brachiopoda p. 489, pl. NXX, figs. 2, 2a; pl.
XXXI, figs. 6, 6a-h.
1932 Lingulella kayseri Grabau (mss. )
1423 Lingulella kayseri Grabau, Sun. Bull. Geol. Soc. China, Vol. II. p. 98. (listed)
“Shell of medium size and subrectangular form; length and width approximately
as five to four, Sides of shell nearly parallel and only gently curved, frontal margin
rounded at the sides, straight in the center; postericr margins straight on either side of
the beak, meeting at the latter at an angle of about 125".
‘Surface marked by growth lines and at intervals by faint concentric wrinkles.
Crossing these are radiating striae which on the posterior lateral margins, where they ave
most strongly marked, have an obliquely outward and backward direction, giving a
pronounced ornamentation to the surface,
“Dimensions. The following dimensions show the rate of variation in the length
and width of the shell in millimeters.
1 2 Richthofen’s, specimens
Length 10.0 18 11.5 17.0 13.0
Width ae 8.5 9.0) 13.5 10.5
“This species appears to be the same as the specimens noted and figured as
Lingulella clr. nathorsti Linnarson by Kayser, and which were obtained by von
Richthofen in a greenish-gray thin-bedded or somewhat slaty limestone from Sai-ma-ki
f34@ Liau-tung, Manchuria. There that species is associated with another shorter and
rounder form (Qbolus) which appears to be identical with the smaller form associated
with our species. The associated trilobites in the Liau-Tung region comprise Conoce-
phalites frequens, Anomocare latelimbatum, Agnostus chinensis. The last two species are
referred by Walcott to the Middle Cambrian whereas our specimens are associated with
Upper Cambrian trilobites. It is not impossible that the specimens described by Kayser
belong to distinct species, They are larger than our specimens and apparently without
their ornamentation but agree closely with them in form and proportions.
Pel. Sun—Cambrian Faunus of North China (iv) 23
‘Horizon and Locatity:—In the Upper Cambrian Féngshan formation of
Yeh-li: collected by Mr. H. C. T’an” (Grabau).
Dr. Walcott referred the specimen figured by Kayser to Lingulella davisia
(McCoy), from which however our species is quite different. McCoy’s species is charac-
terized by relatively greater width, by a more nearly rectangular umbonal region, and
by the lack of the characteristic ornamentation found in our species, though this may
also be absent in the specimens figured by Kayser.
Genus ACROTHELE Linnarson
Acrothele cheni Sun (sp, nov.)
Plate I, Figs. J1a-11b.
All the specimens representing this species are flattened by compression on the
argillaceous shale, and are also more or less distorted.
General form subcircular except for the straight posterior margin. Pedicle valve
flat due to compression with the apex 2.5 mm. from the posterior margin. A triangular
false area extends from the apex to the margin; it is defined by a slight depression and
a low ridge at the outer edges; surface marked by numerous more or less regular lines of
growth, but not marked by radiating lines.
Nothing is known of the interior characters,
This species is characterized by its subcircular form, numerous concentric growth
striee and the position of the apex.
A shell 10.5 mm. in width has a length of 9.5 mm, while another measures 9 mm.
in length and 9.3 in width.
Horizon and Locauity:—Middle Cambrian: from Changshan shale of Chao-
kuo-chuang, Luan-Hsien, Chihli. Collected by 8. Chen PR i of class 1925 of the
Geological Institute of the National University.
Genus NISSUSIA Walcott
Nissusia hayasakai Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate I, Fig. 12.
Shell semioval with the hinge line a little shorter than the greatest width of the
shell; surface of shell marked by radiating ribs and also hy a few concentric lines,
(iv) 24 Palxontologia Sinica Ser, B.
Pedicle valve convex, ribs become more pronounced in the frontal part of the
shell. Ribs increase by bifurcation and with nodes on their crests; they are broad, the
interspaces being narrower than the ribs. A median sinus moderately distinct extends
from the umbo to the frontal margin of the shell.
The plications of the shell and the form suggest Huenella; but the nodes on the
crests of the ribs serve to distinguish it. All species of Huenella except etheridgia are
from the Upper Cambrian.
Nothing is known of the interior of the shell.
This species is characterized by its transverse form. broad radiating ribs with
nodes on their crests and the less pronounced median sinus.
Meusurements : —
Jig BE ie stash hated sector nang Cee van erucmomed an came anaes pau ioc 6 mm
Wid tlt ele oelai sete Ron ected ors Pecan Shenton 9 mm
Horizon anv Locarrry:—Middle Cambrian: from Changhia limestone of Chéng-
shan, 2 li from Luan-Hsien, Chihli (Coll. K. 8. Hsu @ 3688).
This species is named after the Japanese Paleontologist Dr. I. Hayasaka. It is
represented by several crushed valves. It is associated with Damesella blackweldert var
minor, Dorypyge richthofeni ete.
Genus EOORTHIS Walcott
Eoorthis shakuotunensis Sun (sp. nov, )
Plate I, Figs, 18a-13b.
This species is represented by a number of the pedicle valves and one interior of
the pedicle valve.
“hell moderately convex, subquadrate in outline with angular cardinal extremi-
ties. Hinge line usually forming the greatest width of the shell. Posterior margin on
both sides of beak straight, forming an angle of 160 degrees. Median fold faint on the
ventral valve.
Surface marked by a few rounded radiating ribs, which where farthest apart
measure 3 in 2 mm; there are 4 or 5 fine striw between each pair of larger ones. The
ribs increase in number by interpolation and may appear at any distance from the beak,
usually becoming coarser near the frontal margin,
Vol. I. Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China Civ) 25
The associated interior of a pedicle valve (Fig. 13 b.) shows the cardinal area,
muscular impression and the fracturing and the deflection of the striations along the
margin of the interior of the valve.
This species is characterized by a long hinge line, a subquadrate form, and the
rounded ribs with -t or 5 fine ones between.
Measurements : —
Pedicle valve Interior of the pedicle valve
Length 13.5 mm. 13.0 mm,
Width 14.5 mm. 14.5 mm.
Horizon anp Locatrry:—Upper Cambrian: from the Shaokuot’un limestone of
Chin-Hsi-Hsien, Féngtien; collected by Dr. J. G. Andersson.
Eoorthis sp. indt.
Of this species only a broken specimen was found in the purple shale of the
Chang-shan group. It is marked by transverse form, distinct round ribs with broad
interspaces, four ribs occupying a space of 2.5 mm. near the frontal margin.
Horizon anp Locarrtry:—Early Upper Cambrian’ from purple shale of Chang-
shan group of the Kaiping Basin. Associated with this are Changshania conica, and
Changshania? truncata: Collected by Dr. F. F. Mathieu and Y. C. Sun.
Genus SYNTROPHIA Hall and Clarke
Syntrophia orthia Walcoit
Plate 1, Figs. 14a-14b.
1913 Syutrophia orthia Walcott, Research in China. Vol. III. p. 85, pl. 4, figs. 1, la, 1b.
Dr. Walcott described and figured the external shel] of both valves of this spe-
cies. His full description is as tollows:—
‘General form irregularly oval with the ventral view obtusely angular toward
the apex; rounded, biconvex, with a deep mesial sinus on the ventral and a strong
median fold on the anterior half of the dorsal valves.
(iv) 26 Palxontologin Sinica Ser. B.
“Surface smooth, with the exception of a few concentric striae and lines of
growth.
“The ventral valve has a strong median sinus that occupies about one-third
of the width of the valve at the anterior margin and projects forward to fit into the fold
in the front of the margin of the dorsal valves; the sides of the median sinus are elevated
and, with the downward curving lateral slopes, form a strong rounded ridge on each side
of the sinus; none of the specimens in the collection show the area, but from the profile
of the valve it must have heen of moderate height, with a rather short apex curving over it.
‘Dorsal valve with a minute apex from which a narrow, slightly developed
median fold extends out to about the center of the shell, where it becomes elevated and
projects forward to the front margin; the remaining portions of the surface are uniformly
convex, sloping away from the median fold to the margin of the valves’’ (Walcott
1923).
In our collection, an internal mold of the ventral valve was discovered. I add to
the original description the following:
Othoid form, moderately convex, with a strong median sinus which occupies
about one third the width of the valve at the anterior margin; the sides of the median
sinus are elevated, and with the downward sloping lateral slopes form a strong, rounded
ridge on each side of the sinus.
Spondylium free not supported by median septum and marked by subparallel
ridges, merging into the median sinus. Hinge line long forming about the greatest width
of the shell; postero-cardinal angles angular.
Surface anteriorly marked by a few indistinct strong lines of growth and especial-
ly characterized by radiating striz on both lateral slopes.
Measurements : Ventral valve Interior of ventral valve
TsO H1e iia cuay ak parce tthe eayes PO Tie wa eroten wa: ma eemnenenees 6.5 mm.
Wadthyis.chcesiwenaee ee, nas By See TA). acon ceeatceean ee doutict: 7.6 mm.
Horizon and Locatrry:—From the Kaolishan limestone of Tai-An-Fu. (Coll, Y,
C. Sun).
class TRILOBITA Walcott
Genus AGNOSTUS, Erongniart
Agnostus cyclopygeformis Sun (sp. nov.)
Plate II, Figs. la-h.
Cephalic shield moderately convex, width and length subequal, semicircular in
outline and slightly contracted at the postero-lateral angles; rim narrow with uniform
Vol. I. Sun~Camhrian Faunas of North China (iv) 27
width ; dorsal furrow shallow and distinct; frontal groove shallow and distinct connecting
the frontal rim and the glabella.
Glabella cylindrical, about one-third the width of the cephalon, contracted at the
middle by slight incurving of the sides. It is divided hy two slightly impressed backwards
curving furrow into three lobes. The second lobe is distinctly marked hy an elongated
tubercle; frontal groove shallow and distinct; two small triangular lobes at the postero-
lateral margin of the glabella.
Thorax unknown,
Caudal shield moderately convex, little wider than long, with uniformly elevated
rim. Axial lobe short, about one third the total length, pentagonal in outline bounded
laterally by two strong oblique furrows and posteriorly by two slightly impressed curving
furrows which meet at an obtuse reéntrant angle. ss n
{Ka.0-Li-Shan\ WN
Ta'an even-Chuang
a
ka Pen eWang-Chuangy
=a H# th I~
ah
A . ¢
Sin-Tat )
afangtien
en-Koue ——— = Slien-hua-shan-|—j—_____ nnn
nd
Scale of too Miles
—:— Boundaries of Provinces
=== = Railroads and Stations
s=+_ Great wall |
\
o 50 foo |
i
Cambrian Localities We:
Other important cities |
122°
SSS ies ae
Fig. 1. Map ot North-eastern China, showing the loc uities where Cambrian fossils have been found
(see the list on the preceding page)
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE I
(iv) 91
Big, 1, Clonoovaptus? GageO Pid Uae. c6cces epicnayoed send stuns eed aes pee ares oe p.
1 one stripe x 3
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan limestone, MKao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. K. W. Hsu. Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 629).
Fig. 2. Oi aetiohietes mii rena PNM i ci unicaais soxcinekononks eeudessons tragaaeie aware senses p.
2 an impression of the trails on the under side of the rock, show-
ing the character in relief.
Lower Cambrian, Manto shale, Luan-Chou, Chihli (Coll. F. F.
Mathieu. Holotype, CG. 8S. Ch. Cat. No. 680).
His Ge: ions Veet onan, Ween Us: carga riveoths sane dete eee cce mann venues eaumnmbeauaseuderee Dp.
3a exterior of the ventral valve x 3
3b counter-part of the same x 3
3c portion of the surface character 8 times enlarged.
Cambrian, from purple shale of Luan-Chou, Chihli (Coll. F. F.
Mathieu. Holotype, G. 8. Ch, Cat. No. 631).
Wins al. “Obales gollisopeneie WaleGul (7) ievcversnpuutu sau esssiverceun @iesweiunorye dePineennres p.
4a crushed valve x + = 4b crushed valve of another individual x 4
Early Upper Cambrian, Changshan Shale, Jen-Chuang, Luan-Hsien,
Chihli (Coll. A. W. Grabau, F. F. Mathieu, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 632 a, b).
Fig 5s., boas Tames TAU 55 acnicoswercose seed hveas bed ala esoameapeumeneenthabatasainapsands p.
5 exterior of ventral valve x 6
Lower Cambrian, Manto shale, Hung-Shan-T’ou, Lin-Yu-Hsien,
Chihli (Coll. University Expedition. Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 633).
PUT Gs, AUR eres SS “es 2's ee sac noo tw ee eens anh evan eas Somcsauan ena p.
6a one portion of limestone with several individuals of this species,
natural size (Paratypes and Holotype).
6b one valve enlarged x 5. (Holotype).
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan limestone, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Cotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 634).
Hig ts, “Deis sie AL, 5 ccna dene eo kenwaecnnnacaeterisbareavanceedsnnuses ove p
PLATE I.
Cambrian Brachiopoda ete. from North China. Drawings by K. C. Liu (21366)
9
7a exterior of a ventral valve x 3
7b exterior of another valve x 3
7c exterior of the crushed ventral valve x 3
Upper Cambrian, Fengshan limestone, Yeh-Li, Luan-Hsien, Chihli
(Coll. H. C. Tan, Cotypes, G. §. Ch. Cat. Nos. 635, 636, 637).
15
16
if
17
19
rae
PALAZONTOLOGIA SINICA
Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China PIE;
Hh bY qe MS EG A it ORO he
ee IB. Tomer e ie HOT ING UNM rota iien co ssisetiagme nd casings may ex oepmuws Weabaeae in graeuen eae) p.
8a exterior of the shell from Luan-Chou x 3 (Holotype).
8b exterior of the shell from Yeh-Li x 3 (Paratype).
8c portion of the shell of Fig. 8a enlarged x 8, showing its undulating
growth lines.
Upper Cambrian, from Féngshan limestone (Coll. F. F. Mathieu
and Y. ©. Sun. G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 638, 639.).
TE i Li Lae OE 5 ares it ncaa h dat abba eh sso Na sheahentican ae’ wt Se a ea p.
9a exterior of a ventral? valvex6; 9b exterior of a dorsal? valve x 6
9¢ exterior of another ventral? valve x 6
Cambrian from purple shale of Luan-Chou, Chihli (Coll. F. F
Mathieu. Cotypes, G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 640, 641, 642.).
Hig 10): Dagens, dousers Cra Massacre, « cevapruidbencuaniade ves Wieaieeccudeanios p.
10a exterior of a characteristic shell x 8
10b exterior of a slightly larger shell x 8
10c exterior of an imperfect shell x 3
Upper Cambrian, Féngshan limestone, Yeh-Li, Chihli (Coll. H. C.
T’an. Cotypes, G. S. Ch. Cat. Nos. 648, 644, 645.).
|v aged Ie: grote Acer ete) cs ee ee nce ee ete rhe arte acer en AMA PO NT eon tr p.
11a external mold of a crushed valve x 2
11b an imperfect crushed valve x 2 (the figure is drawn somewhat
too narrow).
Late Lower Cambrian, from Manto Shale, Chéng-Shan, Luan-Hsien,
Chihli (Coll. 8. Chen. Cotypes G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 646, 647.).
Pig. ee Asset: AOYOSERAG BOT neice vou cavewer sr nonenevtetndses edeersenaraiaederendanes ee evess p.
12 exterior of the brachial valve x 38
Middle Cambrian, from Changhia limestone, Chéng-Shan, Luan-
Hsien, Chihli (Coll. K. 8. Hsu. Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 648 ).
Figs 1a: Jegarinds Sian ents Sly ike gcacessennstorneouienc ORs aes eee eas snovaseseatanied: p.
13a exterior of a pedicle valve x 25
13b interior of another pedicle valve x 2
Upper Cambrian, from Shakuotun limestone, Chin-Hsi-Hsien,
Féngtien (Coll. J. G. Andersson. Cotypes, G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 649, 650.).
Hig, 1a, Soares OPIN WalOGthi sy wekeeesiccaeecsa veratrine neeeth sta sn ae esa aan eerste ioe p.
14a exterior of the pedicle valve x 5
14b interior of the pedicle valve x 3
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan limestone, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An, Shan-
Tung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Plesiotypes G. 5. Ch. Cat. Nos, 651, 652.).
20
yal
23
23
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE. 1
(iv) 96
Fig. 1.
Pag. 2
Fig. 3.
al)
PLATHOIL
Cumbrian Trilobites from North China. Drawings by K. C. Liu (#)768K)
AGnosiis cyolopyyeforimirs SUD. i civsuaiinssdetistaorooaiuad saya saupedws aucunponeben eds p. 26
la cephalon x 4 1b cephalon x 4
i¢ 5 x 4 id x9
le pygidium x 8 1f pygidium x 5
1 ge x 5 ie 3 x 5
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An, Shan-
tung (Coll, Y. C. Sun. Cotypes, (4 S. Ch. Cat. Nos. 501, 592, 508, 504,
507, 508, 509, 510.),
Se US TDS TEIN acca paral ashalbananna he dag ua eit Tanne sana aca in ee neat as Ae: Ds 28
2a-b cephala x 8
2e-d_ pygidia x 6, Upper Cambrian, Changshan forniation,
Jén-Chuang, Luan-Hsien, Chihli (Coll, A. W. Grabau, F. F. Mathieu and
Y. C. Sun, Cotypes, G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 518, 514, 515, 516.).
Pry mae eoaheno pent ames .44-« sppanus aiuhenn na vues sade cunedeenes piers vateedawwas p.
3a cranidium of granulated surface x 2
3b cranidium of granulated surface x 14
3c pygidium with very cylindrical axis x 2
9
3d pygidium with very cylindrical axis x 8
Middle Cambrian, Changhia limestone, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. K. S. Hsu #9688 G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 517, 538, 519,
520.).
29
Hig. 4, Wendsiiom subaon cet Fn eesayais 4s va sann dedbnnwnseyervbsnikeedewarisieavalede oousk p. 31
Fig. 5.
-t fragmentary cranidium x 7
Middle Cambrian, Kushan formation, Lin-Cheng, Chihli (Coll. Y. T.
Chao & C. C, Tien. Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 521.),
Blephanocaré richthofena MOM occssi14 sce nccouue ienuxenss eaeeedei id iadecuameaeeee, p.
5a cranidium x 3
5b associated hypostoma x 5
5¢ small pygidium x 5
Middle Cambrian, Kushan formation, Lin-Cheng, Chihli (Cell. ¥, T,
Chao & C, C. Tien, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 522.).
PALAZONTOLOGIA SINICA
Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China Pl.II.
Fig. 6. Blackwelderia sinensis var. linchengensis Sun..........cccccc 0 cccccecsuceeeeues ipo BB
a ie
6a fragmentary cranidium x 2
6b associated pygidium probably of this species x 3
6c cranidium x 2 6d cranidium x 2
Middle Cambrian, Kushan formation, Lin-Cheng, Chihli (Coll. Y.
T. Chao & C. C. Tien. Cotypes, G. 8. Ch. Cat, Nos. 523 a-b 524, 525).
Fig. 7. Blackwelderia tient Sun. ...........; Seip iis area qars iouwoen yooh 0d Ena neaenn GeEL p. 36
7a fragmentary cranidium x 2
Tb associated free cheek x 2
7c associated pygidium x 2
Middle Cambrian, Kushan formation, Lin-Cheng, Chihli (Holotype
G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 526.).
Tig Op; UR AM CLO GINS UN visas sse sa dosn ania Piss cans Ronanecaynis saad ceamepoaniwrneeens px df
8a large pygidium, natural size.
Late Middle Cambrian, Kushan formation, Ku-Shan, Shantung.
(Coll, C. G, Tien & ¥. T. Chao, Holotype, G.'S, Ch. Cat. No, 527. ).
Fig. &, Daareselia blackweldier? vary WGHOr BON psnccccn Ga rccee nach ocemesdracarndeadgppownnies p. 38
9a cranidium x 4 9b cranidium x 6
Middle Cambrian, Changhia limestone, Chéng-Shan, Chihli (Coll.
K. S. Hsu. Cotypes G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 528, 529.).
9¢ (D. blackweldert) Natural size, for comparison, Kushan form-
ation of Shantung. Cat. No. 530.)
Bie, 1). PRCA FOR Gy PU aes iariebimiacnasershcgorsnieniaiesinalaraawomemenentae p. 40
10a cranidium Xx 3 10b cranidium x 3
Late Lower Cambrian, Manto formation, Chéng-Shan, Chihli
(Goll. Y. C. Sun & S. 8S. Yoh. Cotypes, G. 8. Ch. Cat, Nos, 531, 532.).
Fig. 11. Ptychoparia leichwangensis SU.......ccccccccccecceeseseneeeee eset eusea sence esea seas p. 41
{ia cranidium x 10 11b cranidium x 8
Late Lower Cambrian, Manto Shale, Lei-Chuang, Luan-Chou (Coll.
F. F. Mathieu. Cotypes, G. S. Ch. Cat, No. 533, 534.).
Fig. 12. Ptychoparia yoht Sun..........cc ccc cee ee ee en renee icnntes p. 42
12 cranidium x 3
Late Lower Cambrian, Manto Shale, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. Y. ©, Sun. Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat, No. 535. ).
ae
EXPLANATION OF
Plat ke Lt
(iv) 99
PLATE III.
Cambrian Trilobites from North China. Drawings by K. C. Liw (466%)
Fig. 1. Ptychopuria (Emmerichella) chengshanensis Sun............ceecceeeeneeneeeeeeeees p. 43
la cranidium x + Jb cranidium xX 8
Late Lower Cambrian, Manto shale, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kou-Chuang,
Chihli (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Cotypes G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 536, 537.).
ie SCN ate UI eassceatlae Riess Oise ears case ent ie cael persicae Go: p. 45
A. Graniiliiim x 2b cranidium x
Ye ecranidium x 2d eranidium x
3
3
2e hypostoma x 2f pygidium x 4
3
is)
21 pygidium x 2) free cheek x
2
3
3
2¢ pygidium x 4 “2h pygidium x
Oo
2k free cheek x 2
Early Upper Cambrian, Changshan Shale, Jén-Chuang, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. \.W. Grabau. F. F. Mathieu & Y. C. Sun. Cotypes.
G. 5. Ch. Gat. Nos. 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548.).
Big. 8. Changsleny ig? Teigmertit PU incdivny sous ax vdesda es coneawebegn sii vasass neaees a ouiees p. 46
3 eranidium x 8
Early Upper Cambrian, Changshan shale, Jén-Chuang, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chibli (Coll. A. W. Grabau. Holotype, (+. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 544.).
Fig. 4. -Comolepived am Pegangeyng Rats 22 cotace veka ec ees eed uagauubasigausadimes de aa cates p. 47
4a cranidium x 3
+h one fragmentary segment of thorax x 5
Late Lower Cambrian, Manto shale, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. H. T. Yu. Holotypes, G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 550, 551.).
Ue, 2, COMED IN LIN WeIMnNls NIN: cacscu cia ayaqueeeeiwoua sande cadena adhiidacsaaedheecece p. 48
5a fragmentary cranidium x 3 (Paratype)
5h eranidium x 2 (Holotype)
oc fragmentary cranidium x 2 (Paratype)
Late lower cambrian, Manto shale, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kuo-Chuang,
Chihli (Coll. H. T. Yu, fa G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 552, 553, 554.).
TE AROS aus cnn pang waa va he tamonntdy totam ye die Oba e et vie Sae Neha ee akties p. 49
G pygidium x 4,
Middle Cambrian, Changhia limestone, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. K. 8. Hsu, G. 8. Ch. Cat No. 555.),
= 100.
PALA ONTOLOGIA SINICA
Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China
Big 7. Mamaia avioate (Graben) Pu toyccwsscsewasserenyxaacecen sessseaweadgeadieesvccdaas p. 50
7a cranidium x 2 Tbh cranidium x 2
Te cranidium x 2 7d cranidium x 2
Tf pygidium xX 2 | Tg pygidium x 2
7h pygidium x 2
Late Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Cotypes GS. Ch. Cat. Nos. 556, 557, 558,
559, 560, 561, 562.).
7i weathered pygidium x 2
7j weathered pygidium x 2
Late Upper Cambrian, Féngshan limestone, Yeh-li, Ma-Chia-Kou,
Chihli (Coll. H. C. Tan. Types of Ceratopyqe orientalis Grabau, G. 8. Ch.
Cat. Nos. 563, 564.).
Highs... A Caolosaminnd paypsiepmed. Stil .6.g.acecymadeduasencasabadanssie Sas hyoun | emenanaeawenesekoun p. 53
8a cranidium x 2 8b fragmentary cranidium x 2
8c free cheek x 2 8d free cheek x 2
8e pygidium x 2 Sf pygidium x 2
8g pygidium x 2 Sh pygidium x 2
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan limestone, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-an, Shan-
Tung (Coll. Y. C. Sun & Class 1928, N. U. P. Cotypes, G. 5. Ch. Cat. Nos.
565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572.).
== 101 =
EXPLANATION OF
Pia Lie Ty
(iv) 103
Fig. 1.
Fig.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 6.
bo
PoATHR 1.
Cambrian Trilobites from North China. Drawings bu KC. Lin (2s6 a)
Lassa? hameclirachncrmgens SU. 55 aka sks Shana ot sdace seesae reemeimen vey ee tees eae ee p.
Ja cranidium x 3 1b cranidium x 5
Middle Cambrian, Changhia limestone, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kou-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. K. 8. Hsu. Cotypes G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 573, 574.).
54
ASNT DOLCE SOU ¢ ca ceciacica a iaehncdeds tani etande inven beeed panes aseeen tena e aR eas p. 55
9a eranidium x 6 2b cranidium x
Middle Cambrian, Changliia limestone, Chéng-Shan, Chao-Kuo-
Chuang, Chihli (Coll. Kk. 8. Hsu. Cotypes G. S. Ch. Cat. Nos. 575, 576).
Dae ler “MOOS OM noose cssceacveevercanxsmetebsmen ten va sencese a wedweseed vas daead p. 56
3a cranidium x 2 (Holotype) 3b cranidium x 3 (Paratype)
Middle Cambrian, Changhia limestone, Chao-Kou-Chuang, Luan-
Hsien, Chibli (Coll. C. C. Yu #@#®, G.S. Ch. Cat. Nos. 577, 578.).
CU aa RRR PA: My MMOS os cc yakaapacg ct ed la he gh Seles pp and cam aaegn Co beala ye nee p. 35
da cranidium x 2 4b) cranidium x 3 de cranidium x 3
dd cranidium x 8 4e hypostoma x 2
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. Sun and class 1923 of N. U. P. Cat. Nos. 579, 580,
Bel, 92, Sea. ).
GMA: UN ETCNS: TUN co 5424085 oohoendannadudactonsyssncags Bese aed Ga at Pane cial p. 60
na cranidium, natural size Sb cranidium x 2 Se eranidium x 2
hd free cheeks, natural size He free cheeks, natural size
Df free cheeks x 2 5y fragmentary pygidium, natural size.
Upper Cambrian, from upper limestone of Chau-Mi-Tien, Shantung
(Coll. Chass 1925 of N. U. T.. Cotypes. G. 5. Ch. Cat. Nos. 584. 585, 586,
587, 588, 589, 590.).
Peaicliter eunlichs: seCRier etd SN 2d ccceaaeessieen adds sapwmoeeknbhs WERNG aa ededdGla a koolox p. 63
6a cranidium x 2 6b cranidium x 2
6e cranidiuin x 2 6d associated cheek, natural ste.
Uppermost Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. sun, Cotypes, G. =. Ch. Cat. Nos. 591, 592, 598,
Bod).
== 10S A=
PALAZCONTOLOGIA SINICA
Sun—Cambrian Faunas of North China PLAY.
(a1
HALA RL Re
ig. Te “Quanemersinss Coke res PUN, cuizceavswrieuay-weccstneiuneneee agers p. 63
7 fragmentary cranidium x 2
Uppermost Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, IKao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Holotype, G. S. Ch. Cat. No. 595.).
gee: PCS e CRI) MOT RDS PN s dnaee 2 na eadidenea WN atv edsnaus ¥=xb yates ep ea neans p. 64
8a broken cranidium x 3 Sb broken cranidium x 2
8c broken cranidium x 14 8d associated hypostoma x 3
8e associated free cheek x 3 Sf associated pygidium x 35
Upper Cambrian, Shakuotun limestone, Sha-Kuo-Tun, Chin-Hsi-
Hsien, Féngtien (Coll. J. G. Andersson. Cotypes G. 3. Ch, Cat. Nos. 596,
597, 098, 599, G00, GOL. ).
= 105—
EXPLANATION OF
PLATE V
(iv) 107
PLATE V.
Cambriun Trilobites from North China, Drawings by K. C. Liw (BIG)
Pie, 1, Pichaspis augulate ‘war, Cara SU ws coasessdicasasoweseseeepsspese ee OO p. 67
la cranidium X 38 1h cranidium x 3
Uppermost Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, Wao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Cotypes, G. S. Ch. Cat. Nos. 602, 603.).
Hie. 2... Ghee mine Gh: AVA: cs ene. carenedpssden u2phseandagede GaTomnmnne geese tee p. 68
2 weathered cranidium x 2
Upper Cambrian, Shakuotun limestone, Sha-‘Cuo-Tun Chin-Hsi-
Hsien, Féngtien (G. S. Ch. Cat. No. 604. Collected by Dr. J. Cr, Andersson).
Fig, 8. Prchasins sbglobdse: (baw sacsscaca yin iecng-
10a pygidium x 3 10b pygidium x 3 10c pygidium x 3
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan formation, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An,
Shantung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Cotypes G. 8. Ch. Cat. Nos. 624, 525, 626.).
ie 1. See GPR Dass iaesesechsssnet eran Rea eens p. 84
9
11 cranidium xX 14
Upper Cambrian, Kaolishan limestone, Kao-Li-Shan, Tai-An, Shan-
tung (Coll. Y. C. Sun. Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 627.).
Se ae arate ENG scevny aa oneeamcdeetadantacunsgddiors coi Sucatadtedmenny sn deanane p. 85
12a cranidium x 7 (Holotype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 6282).
12b associated cranidium * 8 (Paratype, G. 8. Ch. Cat. No. 628b).
Late middle Cambrian, Kushan formation, Lin-Cheng, Chihli
(Coll, Y. T. Chao and C, C. Tien.).
== 109.
ERRATA.
Page 8 line 34 for Dolinometopus read Dolichometopus
Page 12 line 4 for Brachipoda read Brachiopoda
Page 12 line 7 add side heading Trilobita
Page 18 line 24 add (Anderssonia) after Ptychaspis
Page 14 line 24 for chinhsihsiensis read chinhsiensis
Page 16 line 21 for 8 read 5
Page 23 line 23 for middle read Lower
Page 23 line 23 for Changshan read Manto
Page 27 line 5 for furrow read furrows
Page 27 line 29-31 for length read width
Page 33 line 8 for deviding read dividing
Page 37 line {9 for length read width
Page 44 line 32 for two-third read two-thirds
Page 48 line 25 for Shantung read Chihli
Page 49 line 19 for 6a, Gb, Ge, read 5a, 5b, 5e.
Page 50 line 19 add (sp.nov.) after sun
Page 56 line 11 for wider read narrower
Page 57 line 28 for dupwar read downward
Page 59 line 24 for palpebra read palpebral
Page 68 line 32 for 2a read 2
Page 74 line 9 for IXoai] read IXaoli
Page 82 line 20 for pecies read species
Page 82 line 21 for snew read new
Page 54 line 9 for one read two
Page 92 line 8 add natural nize after relief
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