THE.
Cornell Aniversity Library
BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE
SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT, OF Henry W. Sage
1891
Peace of Aristophanes.
Cornell University
The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library.
There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text.
https://archive.org/details/cu31924026466478
THE
PEACE OF ARISTOPHANES.
EDITED BY
W. C. GREEN, M.A,
LATE FELLOW OF KING’S COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE ; ASSISTANT MASTER AT RUGBY SCHOOL.
WPondon :
LONGMANS AND CO, PATERNOSTER ROW.
1873.
A. 127 5 6%
CAMBRIDGE:
W. METCALFE AND SONS, PRINTERS, GREEN STREET.
‘
PREFACE.
In continuing the edition of the plays of Aristophanes already commenced in the Catena Classicorum some changes in arrangement have appeared desirable. The notes have been thrown to the end; which seems the better plan for school purposes; and the text has been cleared of ob- jectionable matter. If this be done, there are reasons why Aristophanes should be more read in schools than he is at present. In style he is elegant, clear, and easy (difficulties of allusion, &c. being explained); and, being lively and amusing, is likely to keep the attention of the young student.
W. C. GREEN.
Rugby, January 1873.
INTRODUCTION TO THE PEACE.
In the spring of the year 3.c. 421 all Greece was weary of the Peloponnesian war, which had now lasted ten years. And many reasons made both Athens and Sparta desirous of peace, for which there seemed a fair opening without discredit to either side.
The Lacedaemonians had failed to make short work with the Athenians, whom they had expected to humble and reduce in a very few years. They ravaged Attica indeed, but the Athenians retaliated by descents on their coasts; and, being masters of the sea and of strong positions in Cythera and Pylos, they inflicted as much or more damage than they suffered. The Helots were deserting continually; and a general rising of this class might be apprehended should opportunity offer. The disastrous issue of matters at Pylos, followed by the capture of the Spartan troops on the islet of Sphacteria, was a decisive and discouraging blow: so much so, that Sparta at once made overtures to Athens, to which, however, the Athenians, elated by their success, would not then listen. Soon after this the balance was in some measure restored by the brilliant successes of Brasidas among the Athenian dependencies on the northern shores of the Aigean; but, as these were due entirely to the personal character and influence of Brasidas himself, and as this style of warfare away from home did not suit the general character of his countrymen, the Lacedaemonians were mistrustful of continued success, and eager to conclude a peace while they had something to offer in exchange for their captives from
}
vi INTRODUCTION TO THE PEACE.
Sphacteria. And, further, their treaty of thirty years with Argos was on the point of expiring, and they were afraid the Argives might join Athens against them.
The Athenians, on the other hand, had never liked the war. They had suffered cruelly at its commencement; the plague had come to add to their distress; they lost all the enjoyments of country life; were cooped up in the town; and at one time almost reduced to despair and ready for any negotiations of truce or peace. But, as no terms could be agreed upon, they went on with the war; the tide turned in their favour; and they obtained a series of successes, ending with the capture of the flower of the Spartan hoplites on Sphacteria. For a time this made them so proud that they refused all overtures from Sparta, being especially in- stigated thereto by Cleon, who now had the ear of the people. But they met with a check in their defeat by the Beeotians at Delium, and in their reverses in the Thrace-ward district, where Cleon’s troops were signally routed at Amphipolis. This again inclined them to peace, with some regrets, no doubt, that they had not accepted it a year or so earlier. —
And it so happened, that in one day at Amphipolis fell the two men who chiefly opposed peace, Brasidas and Cleon. Brasidas (says Thucydides) loved war for the glory it brought him; Cleon hated peace, because in quiet times his misdeeds would be more easily detected. These two being removed, the peace, which all wished for, could not long be dalayed. Hostilities were suspended, negotiations begun (Thue. v. 15, 16).
At this critical time, at the Great Dionysia B.c. 421, Aristophanes exhibited his play—The Peace—when the sub- . ject was filling every one’s mind. The actual conclusion of the Peace of Nicias followed immediately (Thue. v. 19, 20); a peace for fifty years. And everything in the play agrees with this date. Cleon is mentioned as dead (v. 649); also Brasidas, who is ‘the Lacedaemonian pestle lent abroad in the Thrace-ward district? (v, 284). Peace is not yet made;
INTRODUCTION TO THE PEACE, vii
but we know for certain that, immediately after the Great Dionysia of this year, it was made. One line in the play (v. 990), where Athens is said to have been ‘ pining for peace thirteen years,’ led Paulmier to put the play later; but the poet there may be well understood to date the thirteen years from the Corinthian and Corcyraean troubles, in which Athens had been involved three years before the formal commence- ment of the Peloponnesian war.
The Peace is in many points like The Adherntang: but, whereas in The Acharnians only a temporary truce is hoped for and gained by Dicaeopolis, it is a permanent peace in the later play. And while the Acharnians is limited and local in the interests involved, treating chiefly of the suffer- ings of Attica from the Peloponnesian invasions, as also of the neighbouring Boeotia and Megaris, The Peace is more national and Hellenic. Both these plays divide rather simi- larly into two parts, separated by the Parabasis. The first treats of the recovery of truce or peace; the second of the happy results and merry-makings that follow.
The scenic arrangements of The Peace present some diffi- culties. ‘The lower stage represented Trygaeus’ house and premises; his monster beetle is being fed in an enclosure or pen, the doorsto which certainly open on the stage, as in y. 28; the servant peeps in and reports to the spectators the beginning of Trygaeus’ ascent. Apparently Trygaeus rises into view above the walls of the beetle-sty, and continues to ascend, stopping at intervals for some of the dialogue, till he reaches the upper balcony, or pluteum (see Donaldson’s Greek Theatre, Book 11. Ch. 1). Here is the palace of Zeus; here Trygaeus remains; and here the action is carried on till v. 728, when Trygaeus descends by a back staircase, to re-appear below, when the Parabasis or Address is con- cluded. And here too, probably, was the mouth of the cave into which the goddess Peace had been thrust. For Hermes speaks of it in v. 224, as if close by; and in wv. 727—8, Trygaeus is to descend ‘close by the goddess,’ that is be
vili INTRODUCTION TO THE PEACE.
entering the cave’s mouth to some staircase, by which also Theoria and Opora had come out upon the upper stage, and were now to follow him down. And the goddess Peace (a colossal image) must, when raised, have been close to Hermes, for, in vv. 660—705, he converses with her in a low voice. Trygaeus and Hermes also appear from v. 469 sqq., to take part in pulling at the ropes by which Peace’ is drawn up. How the image was raised, cannot be exactly decided: the visible pulling by the Chorus was perhaps assisted by some contrivance for pushing it up from below. And the actions of the Chorus present some difficulty. The Chorus must be down below all the while, their dancing must be in the orchestra; and neither the Chorus proper, nor the supernumeraries of all nations and trades who appear to have helped in the pulling, can have been up on the higher stage. Yet they are called upon to bring shovels to clear the mouth of the cave, which could not have been of much use. And it is not very plain whether they do use them; they are told to do so in v. 426, but immediately afterwards are called on to pull at the ropes. And Trygaeus in v. 470 is straining at a rope coming from the mouth of the cave. How then, with the mouth of the cave above, were the ropes which the Chorus brought fastened to the image. Possibly they were thrown up to Trygaeus and Hermes, and were by them attached to the image, passing over pulleys, so that though worked from below they yet raised or seemed to raise the weight. Some, however, think that the mouth of the cave was on the lower stage. If so, the Chorus may have used their shovels immediately after v. 427: then they. took to the ropes, and Hermes and Trygaeus directed opera- tions from above, not pulling themselves. Some violent alteration of vv. 469—71 is then necessary. And the goddess Peace must, when raised, have reached to the upper stage, or nearly so, for Hermes to whisper to her; and Opora and ‘Theoria must have come out upon this stage at the proper moment, for they certainly follow Trygaeus down. For surely
INTRODUCTION TO THE PEACE. ix
in v. 727 deip’ & Képar Exeoboy dp’ éuot Oarroy is addressed to “Opora and Theoria; and at v. 832 Trygaeus expressly says that he got them ‘from heaven.’ The fact is that, in what- ever way we suppose this part of the play arranged, some difficulties will remain, and some ‘inconsistencies with regard to the raising of the image and the co-operation of Hermes and Trygaeus above with the others below. But of scenic inconsistencies the Athenian public was perhaps tolerant in comedy. It is at all events plain that Trygaeus re-appears on earth and at his house for the second half of the play, when the statue of the goddess Peace is inaugurated, and they all retire to make merry within.
Aristophanes gained the second prize with The Peace; Eupolis being first with The Flatterers; Leucon third with The Clansmen.
In one of the Greek arguments Aristophanes is said to have exhibited two plays of this name. Fragments are cer- tainly quoted as from The Peace, which are not in the play we now have. But Rogers (who discusses this matter fully in his Preface) supposes, with some probability, that these belonged to a lost play Tewpyoi.
The Peace cannot be reckoned one of Aristophanes’ best plays—the plot is rather awkward; the colossal image of Peace was ridiculed as a clumsy device by his contem- poraries Eupolis and Plato the comedian. Yet the play has its special merits: the country pictures are good and genuine.
It is the last of those Aristophanic plays which we may term (for distinction’s sake) historical and political. An interval of seven years separates it from The Birds; and this and the succeeding plays are certainly of a lighter character ; for though of course abounding with allusions and containing perhaps covertly some political lesson, they deal more with social life and literature, and are in a more playful vein. Ranke indeed ends the first period of Aristophanes’ dramatic poetry with The Clouds; and in some respects this division
x INTRODUCTION TO THE PEACE.
is borne out by a change in the poet’s style; but a division quite as strongly marked may be made after The Peace.
Richter (Berlin, 1860) and Rogers (London, 1866) have edited separately The Peace; the former with Latin notes and full Prolegomena; the latter with an accompanying Knz}ish translation, and an excellent Preface, especially on histvrical points and the state of Greece at the time.
TABLE OF THE READINGS
OF
DINDORE’S AND MEINEKE’S TEXTS.
DINDORF. 2, OL, B; OI, A. dos 3, Gf. 2. 6, OI. A, 6. OI. B,
8. OI. A. 18, avriy 19,‘ OI, A. 20. O1, B, (82, 41.
idov, ; Kal Tov yao pa Tov
aA’ ws
vi TOV
vuap dé y’
-aOns
Xapitwyv ye. OL. A. Tov yap gor’ ; OI, B, ovK
43, ovKovy 47. 48, owatitny
49, GAX’ ciowwy
50, OT. A. éyw dé
67. zv0adi : 87—89. Kal wi, .imerépous 98,
100.
107. Kkarayopeton
112, Adépa
114, 7 p’ étumds ye
160, dp8as
165, Terpast
175, orpopet
176, pvdd&ets
187. éorw; TP. epol
196, ovdé pédrrets
aivittetat
rots avOpwros Te ppacov avotxodopetv
MEINEKE.
OI. B, idov, dds
kal
mob yap OI, A. wa tov aX’ ws OLA, adriy OL. B. vi) tov vue dé y’ AaBoars Xapitwy ye, tod yap
OL. A. ov«
OI. B. ovKotv
alviooeTat
THY owatinny OI. A, add’ ziowwy OI. B, éyw 6&
dv tadt
om tois 7’ avOparros ppd fw a@motkodopmeiy KaTayopety AdOpa ap’ érupos ye 6pQds Tletparet oTpeper purdEec gor’; TP, euoi oud’ eMehAes
. eoT 5
Xxil
214, a9 216, 218, 228, 233, 284, 236, 238, 239. 242, 249, 251, 264, 259. 261, 262. 274, 316, 3382, 344, 346, 3886. 387. 402, 405. 409. 412, 415. 417. 435. 439, 446, 453, 454, 455, 456, 469,
493. 497,
TABLE OF THE READINGS OF
DINDORF. artikioy Oiknu apdEawr’ "AOnvav, vy Ai’ Oveiav domwep jobduny kauTos WoNvTAMovEs whaTovs, 6cov kakov Kat tTpicdO\rar Tolow ola : TeTpwBodov olcets "AOnvaiwy ye perabpétsr ray el O& wy ye Erepdyv yé Tw’ kal vov Arjyouev ouBapivew tauThny pé Wore THY tpépay wap’ 2uov ve pout’ ty rovtwl Te khéntTar Te yap vov
1
adv Teicas
iva ti Os
vpas
adppatwrias
Tyee
evxaucoba
OvdE eu
Waoxot yz ToLavg’ jaiv 0 eli
TP, dere XO, bj. TP, ‘Eppa
aX? dys? EAXkerov * ® Kal ta
MEINEKE, Orrikiwy dlikav mpakair’ *AOnvaiavy, pa Ai’ Oviav
ee autos yolbunv dowep wohuvt\dmoves , maTous, dcov Kakév, wal tpls abAraL TOIL olov TET pwBdodou oi’ vic’ *AOnvatwy meTabpéEer taxed mdvy Retenhty pice el 6& wh, yo Y = ETEPOY OT Xaipwv AijEouev wudapivew THD iuépav Tabrny Tore Tap’ émot ye vouitwy gv rorovTw KAémrar -Té viv yap avameioess éva 6h ti tas Se , auaptwXias TMVOE a evyouecba Ovayayeiv TaoXor ro.avr’ “re? TP. auiv 6... XO, d@ers TP, ly ‘ a Epur GN’ a&ysrov viv EAxete Kal cpu
apyeior Bev vuv
!
DINDORF’S AND MEINEKE’S TEXTS.
DINDORF.
528—532, Chori sunt
531.
Teaywowy
532—4, Trygaei 535—8, Chori
536, 543. 544, 548, 582,
xé\mou Yyuvaikwv
TP. kal twvde..TéXvas EP. aiBot
TP, 6 6: dper
WAVes tuiv dopévors &
587—590, povn yap tuds wdédets
608, 611. 618, 640. 644, 671. 675. 726. 730. 740. 742, 744, 753. 754,
756, 772. 774, 801. 832. 835. 836. 837. 847. 860. 869. 872. 886, 891.
mao Omocot Biov é-
TpiBopev yewpytKov
copuTator
évOade
Toa vy’
ppover
érimrov0’}
év0ade
Wuxi dpioros
Képat
Owmev
poepaly
743.
ods. .Tovdl
BopBopo8bdbuous
kal wpwTov piv wdXouae Wav- Tw
kepadal
Bi apaipec
avdpos
EComévn
évOtaeptavepiwnxXeTous
TP, “Iw KT A
as 0 AAO
*Aotov
tavta ot; TP, wobev
yépov
oncany
BovAy te Tavrni, OF, ci
Td oxedy
bpa rovmrTdyioy
MEINEKE,
Trygaei sunt tpuywody Hermae Trygaei KédTou, Yyuvatkay Mercurio continuat TP. alot
6 O& Oper aopévorow HAOEs ruiv Taow Soc yewpyou Biov érpiBopev povn yap mas wqédets Avwepyytes evGadi TON’ ap’ povor érbmrel? év0adi Wuxi y’ epiotos Képa pape Plepolv transponit om BapBapoptbous
Opacéiws Evoras evOus da’ doxiis
yrarrat pa daiper Aaumpoy joopévyn évdtazpravepivnyétous servo continuat TP, ws 7d0’ éwov taitas; TP, dmobev ; yéowy oncapls BovAH te,
Ty oKeuly
OL, tautyvi: ci
cow 8 , opatT OmTAVLOV
xiv TABLE OF DINDORF’S AND MEINEKE’S TEXTS.
DINDORF. 892—3. 892. évredbev yap rv 893, wore 894, dywva &” 909. moXrirns 922, dye—roinréov 931. éaitnoes obv tv’ év 932, AEywv 952, avdav 953, ode’ 960. 961 960. Kavrdés Te 973, TP, add’. ebywpecba 4% 978—86. Servi sunt 1000, peyadov. 1047, OL. otbtes ye. .’Qpsov 1048. vi wor’ dpa déeEer
1066. OI. aif. @. TP. ti yedds ;
OL. ticénv 1074, Tots 1086. tpaxuy 1116. vi eya dé; 1164, vec 1195, émeiogepe 1218, ty. .cavtné 1229, watoai p’ vepifwv 1251, dvridwkd y’ dvti 1262. dcampicbeiev 1267. doer 1271, ddov 1275, pmepvipevov 1278. d@dov 1294, iov 1807. éuBadreTov 1338, TpiopaKxap 1344—48. Trygaei sunt 1350—57. Chori sunt
MEINEKE, servi sunt évtavOl yap ov mor’ Hy aywve vy’ qwoNiTats servi est émityoés vy’ tv’ bray év éyn avAnowy TOUT’ Ev transponit kautés ye TP, add’. ,evxopel’, XO, evry. 6 Chori sunt "x Meydpwv Trygaeo continuat OL, ti wor’ dpa AeEer TP, ai8. B, IEP, ci yedas ; TP. iocOnv Ttoicd’ TeNXUY ti 8 éyd; TP, ot pitoe Emipopet om Tavoat *puBpiCwv autidwn’ eyw Pvti Scamrpicetev doxety aowy BERYNMEvOS aowy ivy? emBddXrer’ ob Tpls pdKap Chori sunt Trygaei sunt
,
n
YIIO@OESIS
ia ~ ak ~ ~ "Hon r@ Tedorovynotaxe TOMO KEKLNWwrac ove AOnvaiove kal rovg ovprarrac "EAAnvac *Aptorogdyne idwy, ixavoc ydp dummeveee TOAELOVYTWY aTWY Kpovoc, TO Spaua cuvéypawe rodTO, a ‘ , ¥ ‘ a X € LY 1 mpotperwy rag modec KarabécOat wey THY mpdc avTac pdoverkiay, « La ‘A \ fT be ‘ Ref ~ : - w e ‘ aia 6é Kal fae ed dvi tite mpérepov exOpac eheoOar, ra- petodyer rotvuy yanpyay Tpvyaiov rovvoua, aii rie eiphyne adyrimowvpevoy. O¢ doxdd\\wy éml TO Toren ele ovpavoy dved- Oeiv éBovredoaro mpog tov Aia, mevodpevog map’ avrov de iv airiay ovrwg éxrpbyer rd rwv “EAAKvwv apdypara, rocovroy Toujoag ToAEHov abroic. dv dy Staropovvra riva zpdmov Thy eic olpardy Topelay ToUoet, napeladyes Tpépovra KavOapor we dva- mrnaopevoy ei¢ ovpavoy ot avrov, BedXepopoyrov’ dikny, poh yilovot 6€ ot Ovo Oepanortes avrov, oi¢ Kat éerpégquy aipierer wie tov kxavOapov, Svapopovrrec emt roig avrov ouriotg. yy Od oKnyn TOU Spdparoc ék Hépoue hey éml rhe yiicy ek pepoug dé émt'Trov ovpavod. 6 oe _ xopos ouveoTnKev Ex TIVWY aii a *ArriuKay yewpyov. Béperar | éy raic¢ dwWackadlate Kat érépay dedidaywe Eiptyyyny dpoiwe o “Aptaropdync. ddndov ovr pyotv "Eparoobérne, mOrepov \ & bd io wn es ~ a if £ t Thy auriy dvedidater, 4 érépay Kabijxer, rig od owlerar. Kparne ‘ ou 28 Py a t we %, % > - > ~ pévroe Ovo olde Opayara ypagwy ovTwe’ ad ovv ye Ev Toig oA — an B B r ft “ 2 i, . LA Ei Ed ss: xX ee xapvetow, 7 BaPvdrwriac, i} ev ry Erépa Eiphvy. kal oropa ca LA ¥. re el ? ~ ~ ta éyv ce tiva rohpwara taparilerat, dmep ev TH viv depomern ouvk goru.
"Evicnoe 62 TO Epdpare 6 moire ext apxovroc ‘Adkaiov, év Gore. mpwroc Evroku Kodak, debrepos "Aptorogdync Eipivy, rpiroc Aetkwy Dpdropor. 0 de dpapa vaeKpivaro "AwoAdMOwpoc, jvika éppity dovoxporne Civica ety vroKperhe 2s
EIPHNH.
TA TOT APAMATOS TIPOZQITA.
OIKETAI AYO Topvyaiov. TPYPAIO2.
KOPAI, Ouyarépec Tpvyaiov. EPMH®.
HOAEMOS®.
KYAOIMO2. XOPOS TEQPTON.
IEPOKAHS, parce. APENANOYPLO2. AO®ONOIO“. OQOPAKOTIOAHS. SAATUICCOTOIOS. KPANOIOQAHS., AOPYZOX.
TIAIS AAMAXOY. TAIZ KAEQNYMOY, EIPHNH
ONOQPA Kwod mpoowra. OEQPIA
APIZSTO®SANOTS EIPHNH.
OIKETHS A. OIKETHS B.
D 29 a n e Z yn OI. A. Aip’ aipe pafav ws taxytota KavOdpy.
? cA + lol fal % OL. B. i60v. 865 atte TH KdKiot aoNovpevor
Kal pyrot atThs palav nbdio ddyoe.
OI. A. dds palav érépay é& dvidwv memrAacpEvNV.
OI. B. id0v pan’ adOcs rod yap tv viv 8) ’pepes; 5 ov Katépayev ; OI. A. pa tov Al’, Gdn eEapracas bAnV évéxare TeptkuALcas Tolv Todt.
GXN’ @s TaytoTa TptBe Todas Kab TuKVdS. OI. B. dvdpes Komporoyot, mpooddBecGe mpos Oedv, > ta oe b) > tS ad et py pe Bovreol” arorviyévta mrepudeiv. 10 évos peev, @vopes, aTroNEAVGOaL pot SOKO x = * n t E 2 f ovdels yap dv galn pe pattovr’ écOiew.
OI. A. aiBot, hép’ GrAAY, xaTépav poor yaTépar, 15
Kai Tpip’ &@ érépas. OI. B. wa Tov AoA yo pev ov. > i) earl er ry vs 3 * n > ft : ov yap && obds 7° eip’ brepéyew tis avTAlas.
OL. A. aitiv dp’ oicw cuddaBov thy avrilav.
OL. B. vy tov Av? és Kopakds ye, Kai cavtov ye Tpés. € a L ’ y is’ > \ , tyav O€ x” eb Tis 018 euol KaTevrato 20 molev av Tptatunv piva pr) TeTpNWEevyY.
? x A a Ly es Pa , ovdev yap épyov jv ap aOd\uwTepov ) KavOdpm patrovta Tapéyey éoOiewv.
te
APIZTO®ANOYS
bs pev yap, @orep dv xéon TIS, KdoV, f a davros epeideur Todto & bd dpovipatos 25 v 4 Lal > > a BpevOveral te kal hayeiv ob« a€voi, ‘Rv wh Twapadd tpivas 80 huépas bdrys Borep yuvael yoyyurnv pwewaywevyv. GAN ef wémavras THs ebwdAs sKéyrouat 78t wapol—as Ths Ovpas, Wa pH ww’ ion. 30 €petde, pu) Tavoato pndémor’ éabiav £ a ‘ F a ue téws Ews cauTov AdOols Svappayeis. ° \ , e , 2 t oiov O€ Kivas 6 KaTdpatos éoGieL, oO x X. ‘\ a borep Tadactys, TapaBarwv Tors youdious, kal tadta thy Kepadynv Te Kal TM YElpé Tas 35 Ol Twepidyov, @aTEp ot TA TxOLVIA Ta Taxéa cupBdrXovTes eis TAS OAKGOaS. puapov TO xphwa Kal Kdxoopov Kai Bopov, ” > 2 \ , € \ xdTov mor’ éott daypovev 1 mpocBorr ovK 010°. Adpoditns wev yap ov pos daiverar, 40 > \ f Fe) A 2 , > yg ov ov pnv Xapitov ye. Tod yap éor ; OI. A. ovK Eo S7ras a es = tf > 4 = TobT got. TO Tépas ov Atos KaTarBarou. OI. B. oveody dv 789 TOV OeaTav Tis A€yos veavias Soxnatcodos, TO Sé Tpaypya TL; i xkdv0a Ay \ ,. Paes ’ > A og 8 45 pos 6€ mpos TL; Kat’ abT@ y dvnp *Iwvexos tis dnot wapaxadnpevos: Soxéw pev és KrXéwva Todt’ aivitterat, ¢ nn Pf e ft > + @s Kelvos dvatdéws oTaTinnv éoOlee. OI. A. GAN eiotov TO KavOdpo SHcw Tueiv. OI. B. éyw 8 Tov Adyov ye -Tolct Tadious 50 Kal Totow avopioscr Kal Tots dvdpact Kal Tois UmepTaroww avopaow ppacw Kal tots bmepnvopéovaw et. TovTOLs para. e # f * la 6 Seomdtns mov palvetat Kavov TpoTroY, > o e ny 2 7 \ , OVX OVTTEp UmEis, GAN’ ETEPOV KaLVOV Tdavu. 55 Sv juépas yap els Tov odpavov Brérrav
TP.
EIPHNH.
\ fad a @dt Kexnvas Aoapertar TO Adi,
, fol aA Kat dno, ® Zev, ti wore Bovreves wrovety ; Katdfov 76 Kopnmas yi) “KKOpes THY ‘ENAdSa.
OI. B. ovyjcal’, ds dwvits axovew pot Soxo.
TP.
OI. B. rod’ gorse tout rd Kaxdy av’ ovyo "Aeyov.
® Zeb, tt Spaceles wo” judy tov Nedv ; Anoels TeavTOYV Tas TOAELS EKKOKKiCaS.
TO yap Tapdderypa TOV pavidy aKoveTe ¢ 3 3 a corso + OQ 4 X & & eire mpatov ivik’ ipxeO’ yon,
, > 5 x ey 2 /. mevoec®’. Epacke yap mpos avrov évOadé lal Bla 5 2 < x > bs na , TOs av ToT adixoiwnv av evOd Tod Atos ;
ére:ta AeTTA KALUAKLA ToLObMEVOS, mpos TaUT dveppryar’ av eis Tov ovpavor, ws EvverpiBn ths Keharis Katappveis.
exOés S€ peta tadr’ éxpOapels ovK 018’ Srroe
> 7 oA? a L , elojyay’ Aitvatov pwéysotov KavOapov, KATELTA TOUTOV immoKopely pw’ AvdyKacey, KavTos KaTapav avTov domep TwXioy, ® UInydoudv pol not, yevvatov wrepov, Omws wetTHoes p’ evOvd Tov Atos AaBov. GAN & tt Tove? THdL Siaxias dopa.
y , yw a n° kd i olmoe tadas: ite Sedpo Sedp’, @ yeitoves 6 deorétns yap pou petéwpos aiperar A 5 > s. as ¢ * > an , immnbov eis Tov aép’ él Tod KavOdpou.
TPYTAIO“.
4 oe a / i) é Hovxos hovyos, npéwa, KavOav pn por coBapas xoper Aiav evOds am’ apyis poyn micvvos, % nN IDs \ 4 mpi av dings Kat Siadvons dpOpwv ivas mwrepiyav pun. Kal wy mver pot KaKov, avTtBoX@ o”*
60
65
70
75
80
85
4 APIZTO®ANOYS x
ef 8€ moujoets TOTO, Kat’ olKoUs avtod pelvov Tods tweTépous. OL. B. @ dSéom07’ dvak, ws TapaTraiess. 90 T?. oiya clya. OI. B. wot 87’ GAXAws petewpoxorTrets ; TP. imép “EAAjvav wavtav wétopat, TOAna véoy Tadaunodmevos. OLB. ci wétes; Té patnv ody bytaivers ; 95 TP. eddpnwciv xpi) Kai pr pratpov pndev ypvfew, adr’ ororvgerv tois T avOpa@rotot ppacov ouyay, Tovs Te KoTTpavas Kal Tas Aavpas Kawais mAivOo.ow dtroccobopety. 100 OL. B. ot« éc0” bras ciyjoon’, iv pH pot dpdons dou wéerecOar Siavoci. TP. ti & Grd x’ 7H @s Tov Av’ eis Tov odpavov; OI.B. tiva vodv éxyov; TP. epnadpevos éxetvoy “EXAjvwv Tépe 105 amatardvrwy 6 Tt Tovey PovdeveTat. OI. B. éav 8& pe) cou Katayopevon ; TP. ypaypouas Mijdotow avtov mpodiddvas THY “EAAGCa. OL B. pa tov Acdvucov ovdémote Cavros y euod. TP. ode éots Tapa tadr’ adr’. OI. B. fod cod fod 110 ® Ta.vi’, 6 TaTHp amodT@v arépyeTat bpads epijous eis Tov ovpavov AdOpa. aN avtiBorgetre Tov TaTép’, @ KaKodaimova.
KOPAL.
is
a , a a> '
@® mwaTep, @ TaTEp, ap’ eTumos ye
Sopaciv nwetépors Paris Kee 115
e \ > 2 t nN 2 \
aos ov pet’ dpvidwv mpordiTav ene
és Kopaxas Badve? petapavios ;
” a ae ee yo» F , ” a
Eat TLTOVS ETUMMS ; ein’, G TaTEp, el TL hidels pe. ‘TP. d0&dcar gots, Kopau ro 8 érytupor, dyPopar ipiv,
KO.
TP. 10.
TP.
KO
TP.
KO.
TP.
KO. TP. KO.
TP. KO.
TP.
EIPHNH.
5
4 ‘ wn ? f ’ la n nvik? dv aititnt dptov, mawmav me Kadovoat, 120
évdov & dpyupiou wndé Waxas 7 wavy waptrav.
ey 7 qv © éym eb wpdkas EMOw mdrw, er’ év dpa KoANUpav peyadyy Kat Kovduroy dyvov er’ adTH.
Kal tis mopos aot THs 6500 yevicetas 5 vavs mév yap ovx dEes oe TavTny TH dOov. TTHVOS TopEevaEL THNOS' ov vavcOX\dcomas. / °° (aan 4 2 ? \ cA e tis & Hrivord covativ date KavOapov fevEavr’ éXavvew eis Oeovs, & Tamia ; > n ? Ed r > ¥ év totaw Aicwrou doyous éEeupébn povos Tetewav eis Oeods aduypévos. dmatov ettras podov, ®& TaTep TaTep, ig / Fal 3 > a émas Kdxoopov Caov AGev és Oeovs. 5 > 2 a L iN HrOev nat’? éyOpav deTov wddat Tore. wv > if > fw @ éxkurivOwv KaVTLTIYL@pOvpEVoS. a = : a obKoov éxphv oe IInydcou fedfas mrepor, brrws épaivov tots Oeots Tpaytxwtepos. GXN’ @ pérN’? dy pot outiov SuTA@v dew Ay 9 ao , BY > fo = A #. vov & att” av avtés Kataddyw Ta cuttia, TOUTOLGL TOS aUTOICL TOUTOV YyopTdcw. Fa 3 Xx Bg z X 3 tf ¥ Ti 0, qv és bypov wovtsov wécn Bados ; n | a * x 4 mas éEodtcbeiv mrnvis Ov SuvyiceTas ; 2 I a, f e , émitnoes elyov mdddtov @ YpHoopar 70 8é wrotov Ertas Nakwoupyyns KdvOapos. Aupny Oé zis ce SéEeTas Hopovpmevov ; év [espact Symov ott KavOdpou Auurjv. éxeivo THpEL, 7 oTharels KaTappuys évredOev, eita yorOos dv Evperidn Adyov Tapdoyns Kal tpaywdia yévy. 2? * Ls 7” nd 2 2 e! / éuol pernoes TAadTA y’. GAG yaipeTe. ijets 5é x’, Umép wv Tods Wovous éywo Tova, lal ¢€ nan tal pn Bdecire unde ele” jwepav Tpiov- @s ef peTéwpos odTOS Ov dadproeTtas,
125
180
135
140
145
150
EP.
EP. EP. EP.
TP.
EP. EP.
APIZTO®ANOYS
Kato Kdpa plyas pe Boveodrjcerat. aN’ dye, TIjyace, yoper yaipov, ypucoydruvoy Tatayov padiov 155 Svaxswvjcas patdspois woiv. TL mwovels, Ti Tovels y Tol TapaKNives TOUS PUKTHpas mpos Tas NaUpas ; tes cautov Oappav amd ys, - t 4 9 2 I Kata Spouaiav mrépuy’ éxteivov 160 + X ¥ XN bj > a GpOds ya@per Atos eis avdras. olw ws dédorxa KovKéTe oKOTTOV NEYO. ® pnxavoTrote, Tpoceye TOV VodY ws ewe Hon oTpopel Te veda Tepl Tov dudarov, 175 3 | t 4 = , 6 Kel pn pudrdd£es, yoptdow tov KavOapov. atap éyyvs civas Tov Oedv Epuol doxKa, ‘\ n ‘\ ? f Me n ’ kal 59 Kalop® tiv oixiav THY TOU Atos. f 7 x‘ 4 > > f . tis év Avds Ovpatow, ov« avoiEeTe;
EPMH2.
moev Bpotrod pe mpocéBanr’; ava “Hpakreus, 180 toutl Ti éote TO Kaxov; TP. immoxdav@apos. @ Bderupe kal Todkunpé KavaioyvvTe od Kal pape Kal Tampiape Kal piap@rtate, a Woe Bw 3 A , Tas Sedp’ avndOes, @ piap@v plapwTate ; 184 , , > ov 9 + > > 2 4 , Tt Gol TOT ET Ovom’; ovK epets ; TP. prapwtatos. modamos TO yévos 8’ et; ppale wor. TP. prap@tatos. matnp 6€ cot Tis éotw; TP. euol; prapwtatos. Ww \ BS a vy 9 ix4 7 > a ov To. pa THY Inv éo@ Straws ovK aroGavel, ei &y KaTepels poe ToUVoy’ 6 TL TOT éoTL GOL. - Tpvyaios A@woveds, aumedoupyds Se&sds, 190 ov oukopavTns, ov épastys TpayLatoy. cf 6e \ - ‘*. a , la Hees 0€ Kata Ti; TP. Ta Kpéa tavti coe pépov. La , i Es oa t eon @ Setdaxpiov, ws nrOes ; TP. & yAlcypar, dpas 2 , * lal @s ovKéT’ eivat cou Sox puapw@tatos ;
TP. EP.
TP. EP.
TP. EP.
TP. EP.
TP. EP.
EP. TP.
EIPHNH. 7
i@t vuv, Kadeoov pow Tov Ai’. EP, iy in oH, 195 br’ od’ Ewerres eyyds elvat tov Gedy" lel \ bi 3 > ¥ - la hpovdot yap éxOés eiow eEwoxiopévor. mot ys; EP. id00 ys. TP. GAAd mol ; Toppw wavu, if > > > lal > lel XxX Fl bm avtov atexvas Tovpavod Tov KUTTapov. mas ov avd dy’ évtad0a KaTeXEihOns povos ; 200 Ta NoOLTa THPO oKEvdplia Ta TOV Oedy, xutpisia kal cavidia Kapopetsza. 2 a r) € \ I A éEwxicavto 8 of Oeot Tivos obvexa ; "EAAnow apyiofévtes. ett’ evratOa pev, i” joav avtol, tov dNepnov xar@xicay, 205 ee , a > a oe ’ buds mapaddvres Spdv ateyvas 6 tu Bovrerau ’ \ > 9 n > oo > , avtol & avoxicav?’ bras averdto, Lc X\ 14 t ¢ cal vy iva py Brérrovev payopévous buds ere pnd’ avtBorovvtav pnoév aicbavoiato. ‘tod & obvex’ Huds tadr’ Edpacay; eimé por. 210 e 4 a eon > 2 7 , 6Tun TodEmety ypetcO” éxetvav toAAdKIS oTovoas TototyT@y: Kel bev of Aakwvixol brepBarowTo piKpov, Edeyov av tabl- Pi * a ¢€ a a f val T® oL@, voV atTikiwv décee Sixnv. ei 8 ad re mpdtaut’? ayabov atteKx@vixol 215 - e , ? , , KarOorev of Adkwves eipnvns mépt, édéyer’ adv vpels evOvs: éEaratapela vy THY ‘AOnvay, vy Ai’, obxl wevoréov HEovar KadOrs, vy éxopev tiv Tlvdov. 6 yoov yapaxtip jwedatos TOV pnudtov. 220 dv obvex’ ovK oi0’ et mor’ Eipnvnv ére To Aourov dec’. TP. adda Trot yap olyeraL; 6 Tlovewos adtnvy évéBand’ eis advtpov Badd. 3 = > p } N , ” » ea eis mozov; EP. eis tovtl TO Kato. Kame? opas dcovs dvwbev émeddpynce TaV Ao, 225 ’ i ne 4 iva py AGBynTe pyndéror’ aviv. TP. eiwé pos,
TIO
TP.
TIO. TP. 110. TP. 10. TP.
110. TP.
ITO.
APIZTOPANOYS
neds dé 69 Th Spav TwapacKevdleras ;
ovK oda An év, dtt Ovetav éorépas
imeppuad TO péyeOos eianvéyxato.
ti djta tavtTn TH Ovela xpyoetar; 230 tpiBew év adth tas mores BovAeveras.
GN? elu Kat yap éEvévat, ywounv éuiy, wérreu OopuBet yodv évdobev. TP. otpor Seidatos. ép’ avdtov amodpa: Kal yap dorep yoOounv Kavos Oveias POéypa ToremtoTnpias. 235
TPYTAIOS. TOAEMOS. KYAOIMO2.
i@ Bporot Bpotot Bporot mwoAuTArpoves,
. ? , tf \ / 2 t @>s avTixa para Tas yvalous adynoeTe. ovat ‘AroXnov, THs Ovelas Tov TdaTOUS, Gaov Kakdv, Kat Tov TloXéwou Tod Bréwmatos.
> oF * 3 3 a a \ vs dp ovtés éot éxeivos Sv kab dhevyopuer, 240 e a e fa > hS tal a 6 dSevos, 6 TaNAUPLVOS. O KATA TOLV oKENOLW ; im TIpacial tpicdOrXsae Kab mevtdks Kal TOANOSEKAaKLS, WS aToAEoOE THMEpOV. TouTl pev, dvdpes, ovdev Huiv mpayua Te
N \ \ n> 9 y n a 3 TO yap Kakov TodT éotl THs Aakwvixijs. 245 @ Méyapa Méyap’, as émitetpiec@’ abtixa ATAEATAVTA KATAMEMUTTMTEULEVE.
uv
BaBai Baback, os weydda Kal Spipéa totow Meyapedow évéBarev Ta KAavpaTa. im Sexerta, kal ov & ws arodAdAvcas. 250 ola TwéAts TaXawva SiaKvatcOnoerat.
a ae) fi 2 \ L \ 2 a hep’ eriyéw cab TO wédre TovtTl taTTiKOY.
in na f. a ? f ovTOS, Tapawea cor médwTL XpHoOarépo.
lf fal la fol TetpwBorov TodT Eat eidov tatTLKOD. mai mat Kuooumé. KY. ti we kareis; TIO. kravoes x
paxpa. 255 oe > , ¢ 4 a éoTnkas apyos, ovToci aot KbvduXOS.
TP. TP. lO
10 KY TP.
TIO.
TP.
110.
TP.
KY. T10.
TIO. TP. II0.
TP.
EIPHNH. . 9
@s Spits. KY. olor por tddas, ® SéomToTa. pov TaV cKopddmv évéBarev els TOV KOVOUAOY ; oicets adXeTpiBavov tpéxwov ; KY. ddd, @ péAr«,
> ” Coa 5 \ > oR ove éotiv quivr éyOes elomKiopeba. _ 260 LA 9 3 t , . v
ovKovy map” AOnvaiwy wetabpé£es taxv ;
” \ 19 > OY , ,
eyaye vy Av’ eb bé py ye, KNAVCOMaL.
Yj a diye 57, ti Sp@pev, @ Trovijp’ avOpwmua ;
Opate tov Kivduvoy nuiv as péyas:
elmep yap Ee. tov adetpiBavov dépov, 265 TOUT@ Tapate. Tas TOAELS KAOHmeEVOS.
GX, & Atdvvc’, amdrotTo Kal py AO hépwv. obtos. KY. tééoriw; TO. ob pépers ; KV. 70 Setva yap aTérwr’ APnvaiotow dretpiBavos,
6 BupcoTa@dns, bs éxixa Thy “ENAdéa. 270 ed y, @ TOTVa SéaTroL”’ AOnvaia, ToLev
2 La , > a > ¥ a t
GmTOXON Exeivos Kav SéovTe TH wWodEL.
[} mpiv ye tov puTT@Tov piv éyyéau. |
ovKouv érepov yé Tw’ é« Aakedaliwovos péres [275 avicas tt; KY. rabr’, & déor706’. M10. Hxé vey raxv. Bvdpes, TE TevcdpecOa; VvoV ayav péyas.
Gdn’ ef tis twOv ev Dayolpaxn tuvyydves penunpévos, viv éoti evEacOas Kadov atootpadhvar ToD peTuovTos Tw .7d6e.
olpoe TdXdas, olpot ye, KAT’ olpoe para. 280 ti ott; pav ov abd dépets; KY. arrodonre yap Kal tots Aaxedatpoviotcw areTpiBavos.
TAS, ® Tavoupy ; KY. és tart Opdxns ywpla xpjoavres étépots avtov eit” arddecay.
5 9 , z Auoo wt ev y ev ye TolnoavTes, @ AtooKopw. 285 yy BAY Ss t yes > td
tows av ev yévorto* Oappetr’, & Bpotoi. amépepe Ta oxein AaBOV TavTl mad éyw 5é Soidux’ eiowmv Tmoimjoopat
vov TodT’ éxetv’ Ket TO AdtLOos péXos,
10
TP.
XO.
TP
XO.
TP.
xo.
APIZTO®ANOYS
Os dopa Kal yatpopas Kedppaivomas. vov éotey Huiv, dvdpes “EAANVEs, KANOV aradrayelos TpayudTov Te Kal payov é€erxvoat THY Taow Eipyvnv hirgy, mpl érepov ad doidvKa KwAVCaL TLVA. 295
GAM, @ yewpyot Kkdpmopos Kal TéeKTOVES
Kal Onptoupyol Kai pétrorxot kal Eévoe
Kal vno@tas, Sevp’ tT’, @ TAVTES New,
¢ s Pad ’ “s \ \ f @s TaXLOT’ Apuas AaBovTES Kal poxAOUS Kal oXOLVia. an \ < lal if ES = > an é
vov yap huiv apracas Tapeativ ayabod daipovos. 300
XOPOX.
depo was yoper TpoOvpws evOvd THs cwTNpias.
& Tavérrnves,, BonOjowper, elrep moore, Tatewy amadXayévtes Kal KaKav fowixikov" Huépa yap eEédaurwev ide prcodduayos. [305 mpos TAS’ Huiv, eb Te xp7 Spav, poate Kapyerextover’ ov yap éo@ bras areireiv dv Sond jot THweEpov, Tply moxdols Kal pnyavaiow els TO Pas avedKicas thy Oe@v Tacav peyiotnvy Kal dirapterwtartyy. ov aiwrncea@’, Strws pt) Tepiyapels TH Tpadypate
ov [lodXepov exfamupncer’ évdobev Kexpayores: 310
ts 9 * a LA fr ae
GAN aKkovcavTes TOLOVTOV Yaipomev KNpvYLATOS.
ov yap iv éxovtas Kew oll Hwepav TpLOV.
evrAaBeicbé vuv éxeivov Tov Katwbev KépBepov,
py Twaprdlov Kal Kexpayos, @orep nvix’ évOdd’ hy,
éurrod@v hiv yévntar thy Oedv pn EeAKdoat, 315
ott Kat vov éotwv adtnv batts éEatpyoerat,
Dy a > a y X > / ne a. ve
hv amak és yetpas EXOn Tas ewds. Lod tod.
> nt nN > A A a 2 7
eEorciré p, @vepes, ef wy THs Bons avycete
exdpapov yap TavrTa TavTtL ovvtapd&et Toiv Todoiv.
Os KUKaTO Kal TaTeiTw TavTa Kal TapaTTéTw, 320 / a
ov yap dv yalpovres seis THwepov mavoained” dv.
TP:
XO
EIPONII. 1l
ee N Fs , , ’ 5 5 , 5 rn N é TO Kakov ; TL wdoxeT, Bvopes; wNndaLas, TPOS
tov ear, Tpayua KddAdoTov SiadpGeipnte Sia TA TxXHpaTA. arn’ éywry’ ob oxnuativery Bovrop’, GAN’ Ud’ Hdovqs ovK é“od KivOUYTOS aL’T@ TH OKEAH YopEvEeTOY. 325
, \ a a ee) \ a ny 2? , fe) TL KAL VUE’ ET’, GANGA TravE TAU’ OpyoupeEvos. Hv idov, kal 847 wémavpas. TP. dys ye, raver 8 ovdéTTw. év pev ovv TouTi pw’ éacov EXKUcal, Kab wnKéTe.
al? \ too 9 ee) , raed TODTO UV, Kal wnKET AdrO puNd€ev dpynjaonaG Err.
> x ? f : we 7 , re , ovK dv opxnoaiped’, cirrep apernoaipév Tice. 330 ig’ 5 2 we ” f GXN’ Opat’, o’mw TéTravale.
TouToyl vy Tov Aia
TO oKéXOS pPlrpaytes dq Arjyowev TO OeEsdv.
, 7 ne > fon cr \ a oy emediowpe TOUTS yy’ viv, Bote pr) AvTety Ere. > A % - Ra + ” ’ 3 ff ta GAG Kal TaptoTepdy Tol povaT’ avayKaiws éxov. Roopa yap Kal yéynPa Kal Kéxpaya Kal yero 335
a 3 N a > \ ) \ \ > ' parrov 4 TO yapas éxdvs expuyov tHy aomisa. py Tt Kal vuvi ye xalpeT” od yap tote Tw cadds: GAN’ Stav AdBwpev aiTHv, THVLKadTA xYaipeTe
\ an \ aly o” kal Bodte Kal yeaa H- dn yap €Eéotas 768” tyiv | 340 mhelv, péverv, wivery, Kabevoey, és mavyyvpers Oewpeiv, éoteacOat, KoTTaBilesy, ovPpratew, : iod tod Kexpayévat. 345
c ra ei yap exyévoir’ ideiv tTavTHV Me ToTE THY HwEpav. TOAAa yap averyouny t TMpaywata TE Kal ottPadas, /
ds étaxe Doppiov:
Kovnér’ dv pw’ ebipors Sixactyv Spimdv ovdé SdcxKoroy,
20) \ , : By Xx \ 7 < ovdé Tos TpoTovs ye SiTOoU aGKANPOV, WoTEp Kal mpo TOU, 350
12
4 a
APIZTO®ANOYS
GAN’ dranrov av p’ ‘idous
Kal TOAU vEewTEpov, a-
TadrayevTa TpayLaTov.
Kat yap ixayvov xpovov a-
moAdupeda Kal KaTate- 355 tpippeda mravepevoe —
és Avcetov Kak Aveeiou abv Soper adv aod: Gan’ 6 Te pddLoTa Yapl- °
ovpela molodytes, aye
ppate. ot yap ad’toxparop’
etver’ ayaly rus hiv toyn. 360
TPYPAIOS. EPMHS. XOPOS.
. pépe 6) KaTiOw, Tot Tods AiMovs apérEoper.
@ pape Kal TodAmnpée, Ti Totetv Stavoei ; ovdéev Tovnpov, GAN Sep Kal KiddruKoy. aToAwAras, © KaxddaLpov.
: ovKoUY, iv Ady. ‘Epps yap Ov KAnpw ToLnceEs O10’ OTL. 365
. aToAwras, €€oXwAas. TP. és tiv’ juépay ; . els avtixna wan’. TP. ddd’ oddey numorAnKa Te,
a
oUT dddguit ovTE TUpdV, @S aTroNOUpMEVOS.
< ‘\ > £ x + n , Kab pny éemitétpupai ye. TP. kata T@ TpOT@ ove RoOopnv ayaov TocovTovi AaBev ; 370
. dp ola0a Oadvatov btu mpoeid’ 6 Leds bs dv
, > a. 14 nan n > F a TavTnv avopiTTwv evpeOn ; TP. viv dpd pe dao’ avayen or’ amoGavetyv; EP. ev io® Ort.
. €s xoupidsov pod vuy Sdvercov tpeis Spaypds:
del yap punOival we mplv teOvnkévar. 375
. ® Zed xepavvoBpovta. TP. uu mpos TaV Oeav
e lod t b) lal O€ Huav KatelTyS, aVTLBOAM oe, OéaTr0Ta.
> nr c \ ‘ ~ lal . OvK av clwoTyncatpte. TP. vai, mpos TaV KpEav
ayo mpoOtvpes coe dépwv adixounv.
: EIPHNH.
EP. dan’, ® én, UT TOD Atds apadduvOrjcopat, el ph TeTopicw TadTa Kab NaKjcomar. TP. 4 vuv AaKjons, Alccopwar o°, Gppidiov.
13 380
a fF , , ka Ele WoL, TL TAGKXET’, WYOpeEs ; ETAT’ éxTETANYMEVOL.
Q \ ‘ a) ? \ ‘ ft @® Tovnpol, 4 oLw7raT’* ef dé wy, NaKNnoETAL.
XO
el TL Kexaptopévov xowpissov ota0a rap’ é- pov ye KatednboKas,
pndapas, & SéoTro? ‘Eph, pndapas, ur), undapas.
386
n \ n , . 9 ‘ a UG TOUTO pn pavrov vous” év TouT@L TO Tpaypats.
TP. ov« adxovers ofa Owrevovai a’, dvat Sécrota; XO. uw) yévy TaXriyKotos
avttBoXotow hiv,
Oote THvde pw) NaPBeEiy
adNG Yapta’, @ Pidav-
O@pwrotate Kal peyado-
SwpoTate Satpmovey, el te Tescdvdpou BdedvtTEr Tovs AOous Kal ddpis. 4 , 3 Kai oe Ovoiatow te- patios mpooddois Te peyd- Naot Sid TavTos, @ déomoT’, ayanodmev Hueis cet. TP. 10°, avtiBor@ ao’, édénoov avtav tiv dma, émel Ge Kab TLL@OL PaAOV 7 TPO TOD. EP. «rXértat Ta yap viv paddov eiow % pd TOD. ¥ ta lal r3) + ®. 4 TP. nai cot dpdow Tt Tpaypa dewvov Kat péya, a a a oe 2 s & rots Osots amactw émrtBovreveTas. EP. 04 69, katesm’ icws yap dv qeioas éué. fal 7 TP. 9 yap Lerjvn xo Tavodpyos “HAsos, ipiv émsBouvrevovte Trodvv 45n xpovoy, toils BapBdpowcs mpodidotov thy ‘ENAdéa. EP. fva ti &é todTo Spatov ; TP. dri vy Aia
390
400
405
14
EP.
TP.
EP.
XO.
TP.
XO.
APIZTO®ANOYS
Huets per viv Ovouev, TovTotor Oé 410 ot BdpBapor Ovover. dia TovT’ eixoTws
Bovrow? dv twas mavras éEorwrévat,
iva tas TereTas AdBotev avTol TV Deady.
n lal na 4
TaoT apa Tadat TOV HwEepOV TApEKNETTETHY,
n t Kal ToD KUKNOV TapéTpwyov Up’ appaTwdias. 415 vat pa Aia. mpos tadT’, & Pid’ “Eph, EvdraBe jpiv mpoOvpws tHvde Kal Evvavédevoov. Kal cot Ta peyar’ fuels Tavabjva’ d£opev, qTacas Te Tas GAXas TerXeTAS Tas TOV Dewy. Mvornpe? ‘Eppa, Aurore’, Adovia 420 yy x t Fa an GAvrat Té con TOAELS TeTAaUpéVaL KAKOV arekicadxw Ovcovow ‘Eppa tavtayxod.
7 +
a > mM , 5 J a fal a yatep’ ett TOAN E€eus dyad. mpaTov Oé cou dapov Sidwpe THVvS’, va omévdew Eyns. olw’ os édenuwv ely’ del TOV ypuciowy. 425 i : 2 lad a =e > i nn v tpétepoy evredbev Epyov, @vdpes. GAA Tals apass + , £. ¥ *% , > ra eloLovTes WS TAdYLOTA TOUS ALBous ahéAxeTE.
a ’ \ ae 5 n r Tatra Spdcouevy at 8 hiv, @ Oedv copmrate, atta xp) Tovety epectws Ppave Snuroupytxas TaddAa 8 evpnoets UToupyeiv dvTas Huds ov Kaxkous. aye 6, ov taxéws Urexe THY hiddrnv, Oras 431 Epyo piarodpev, evEdpevoe totcw Geois. omoven omroven
, ae in se . evpneite evpymecte.
F > , A lo e a omévdovtes evy@perda THY viv Auépay 435 "ErAAnow dpfat mace ToAAMY Kayabar,
Wa 7 , a ¥ xaoTis mpodtpos EvAdadBor Tov cxOLIwY,
a Xk mv 5 hess ? 3 t TovTov Tov advdpa pn NaSeiv woT aomida. pa Al, arn ev eipnyvn oidkew tov Biov,
éyovl” éetaipav Kal oxarevovt’ dvOpaxas. 440
TP.
Botts 5é woAEuov MaAroV eivat BovrETaL, pndérote twavcac® aitov, & Atdvuc’ avak,
xO
. TP.
XO.
TP.
XO.
TP.
XO. XO.
EP.
XO.
EP.
XO.
EP. TP.
EP. TP.
XO.
TP.
XO.
TP.
EP.
EIPHNG.
3% col 3 * & > t % + eK TOV OdEKpdvwY axkidas éEatpovpevov. ” _ o a \ a kel Tig éribupav taksapyeiv col pbovel > n 2 a > , ’ 2 a ’ eis Pos avedOeiv, & TotW, ev Talow payats : rae : macxot ye To1ade” oldmep KrNedvupos. y \ N t . 2 1 ie Kel Tis SopvEds i) KamnXos aomriday, i’ éurorad Bérruov, éribumed payday,
‘ ¥ NX a ed t xX re AnPOeis vd AnoTaV éabios KpLOas povas. Kel Tus oTpaTyyely BovAdmevos wy EvANGBy, H SovrAos avtoporeiv wapecKkevacpévos, érl tod tpoyou y EdKotTO pacTuyoUpmevos eon “98 \ L > ON \ 2\ juiv & ayaba yévoer’. i Tat@v, in. dpere TO ratew, dA ih povov Réye.
x \ & aA ’ 7 * in tn Toivuv, tn povoy AEyo. ‘Eppp, Xdpicer, “Qpasow, Adpodity, Node.
15
445
450
455
“Apes dé wy; TP. yj. XO. wd? "Evvanrio ye; TP. p27.
ce / \ a 5 rg a f bmévesve 61) Tas, Kal KdTaye ToloW KdAwS.
= Ls Pt * ® ela, @ eta. GAN ody Edxovo’ dvdpes dpoiws. ov EvrAAnWeo@ ; of GyKiArETO oipates®’ of Bowwrtoil. ela viv. ud > cia @. arn’ dye? Exxetov * * Kai oda. ” [4 2 lal ovxovy Ekw KkabapT@pas Kaneptinta Kal omovddle ; n > a , 7 Tas ody ov XwpEel TOUpyoY ; n 4 & Adpay’, adixeis eurrodav Kabjpevos. Z Cy a a , ovdéev Sedpe0’, @vOpwrre, THs os moppovos. ovd’ olde x” eldcov ovdév apyetor Taras
460
470
475
16 APIZTO®ANOYS
GX’ 7) KaTeyéXwov TOV TadaiTwpoUpévor, kai tadra duyobev prcOogopodvtes Adguta. TP. dA of Adxwves, bya0’, EXxovo’ avdpicas. XO. dp’ oic@’ ; bc01 y adtav éyovras Tod EvXov, povoe mpoOupovvt™ GAN’ 6 yarxeds ovK éG. 48 EP. 000’ of Meyapijs Spa’ obdév. Edxovow 8 Spws yMtoypoTata capxdtovres B@omep Kuviowa, témo Tod ye Atuwov vy Av’ éEoXwAdTES. TP. ovdév rrosodpev, @vopes, GAN’ Suodupaddv oe € lal > # “¢ aracw hptv atOius avTtAnmréoyr. 48 EP. 6 ea. TP. cia para. EP. @ eia. TP. vy Ata. EP. pxpov ye xivodpmev. 49 TP. ovxovy Seevov * * * * TOUS pev Teively ToOvs 8 avtioTay ; TAnyas AppeoO, wpyeior EP. cia viv. TP. cia o. 49& XO. &o Kaxovoe tivés elow év Hyiv. TP. tpeis pév y’ obv of KuTT@VTES THS eipnvns omar’ avépelos. XO. aan’ elo’ of Kwdvovew. TP. avdpes Meyapijs, ox és Képaxas éppycete; 500 poel yap vas ny Oeds pmeuvnwéern’ TMpOToL yap avtiv Tots oxopddols HrEipare. . a? ! , L Kat. tots A@nvatotcs wavoacbar rAéyw > a >? id 34 a eo. évredOev éyxouévors OOev viv EdAxeTe ovdév yap GAO Spare TAY Sixdlere. 505 GAN’ elrrep emiOupeite THVS’ eFeAKUCaL, XN ‘\ / a t € ‘a mpos THVv OddatTav drLyov vTroYwpicate. dy’, bvdpes, adtol 67 wdovor AaBaueO” of ryewpryol.
xO
EP.
XO.
TP.
XO.
TP.
EP. TP.
TP.
EIPHNH. 17
Kopel yé ToL 76 Tpaypa TOAAD padXov, Bvopes, piv. Xwpeiv To TpGyud Pyow* adda TAs avijp TpoAvpod. of tot yewpyol tovpyov é&éXxovar, KdAXNOS ovdeis. dye vuv, aye was’ ; 512 Kal pny émod ’otw 45n. “y vuv avadmev, GAN’ érrev- Telvopev avdpiKwrTepov. 515 Hon ’oTk ToDT’ éxetvo.
oe ruin
= a - lad
@ €ia4 VUV, @® Eta Tas.
ie a wa > > 9 €la, E41, Ela, Ela, Ela, Ela. 3 ay: 3 ae * a €la, la, Ela, Ela, Ela Tas.
So &
TPYPAIO“N. XOPO2. EPMHE EIPHNH. OEQPIA. OTIOPA.
@ TéTvea Botpuddwpe, Ti TpoceiTw a” Eros; 520
molev av AdBoiws pha puptdupopov ét@ Tpoceitw a’; ov yap etxov olKobev. ® xaip "Ordpa, kai od 8, & Oewpia. olov & éyeus To mpdcwrov, & Oewpia: olov 8& aves, &s HOD Kata THs Kapoias, (525 yAuciTaTov waTEep doTpateias Kal pupov. pOv ovv bwotov Kal yuriov oTpaTLwTiKod 5 anéntva’ éxOpod patos éx@iatov mréKos. Tod mev yap ober Kpoupuokepuypias, ravTns 5 émwpas, broboyhns, Atovuclwr, 530 avrOv, Tpayedav, TopokAréous pedav, Kiyo, érvrAriwv Evperisov, EP. kAavodpa ov ravTns KaTarpevddpmevos: ov yap oeTas atrn TounTh pywatiov SicavKov. KitTob, Tpuyoirou, mpoBatiov BAnywpévav, 535 KoOAmou yuvatkav Statpexovody eis aypov, SovAns peOvovons, avateTpapypévou xYoos, ddArwv Te ToAAwY Kayabav. EP. i@c vuv, d&Opes D
18
TP.
TP.
EP. TP.
XO.
TP.
EP.
TP.
APIZTO®ANOYS
olov mpos GANjAas AadoDay ai TodELS Stadrayeioas Kab yeX@ow aopevat, 540 kai tadta Saipovios brwmiacuévar anakdnacat Kal KvdOows mpooKelpevas. nat tavde toivuv TaV Oewmévov oKOTEL Ta Tpdcwg’, va yves tas Téxvas. EP. aiBot Tddas, i \ a Xx < > £ a exevovl youv Tov NopoTroLoy ovy oOpas 545 f- 9 © r € L \ , n Tidrovl’ éavtov; 6 8é ye Tas opivias TOLmY katémapdev apts Tov Expoupyod ’Ketvovi. € b. 3 % > £ a € 4 6 8 Spemavoupyos ody opas was Adetas . \ X 2 / Kat tov Sopukdv otov éaxiarucey ; yy A \ ‘\ 3 ft 4 tOu vuv, dveurre Tos yewpyouvs arreévas. 550 axoveTe New TOvS yewpyods amLévar Ta yewpyika oxevn AaPovTas eis aypov © Z > 4 t f 2 4 as taxyior’ dvev Sopatiou Kai Elpovs KaKovtiov = et > ’ \ x > ro > c4 na os anavr’ on atl peota TavOdd’ eipyyns campas. GANA Tas yopes pos Epyov eis aypov Trawvicas.
‘@ ToOewh Tos Stxaiots Kal yewpyois jwépa, 556
dopevos a” idw@v mpocertretv BovAomat Tas aymédous* Tas Te auKas, as éyw *puTevov av vedrtepos, domacacGat Oupos juiv dots TOANOTT@ Ypovey. vov pev ody, @vopes, TpocevEdpecba TpaTov TH ed. HrEep Hav tovs NOpous adeire kal tas Topyévas ei0 Strws AvTapyiodpev oixad’ eis TA Yopia, 662 éumoAncavrés Te xpNoTOV Eis aypov Tapixtov.
@ Ildcedov, os Kadov 76 oTidos aitay daiveras kal muKvév Kal yopyov @oTep pafa Kal mavdaicia. vy A’? 4 yap chipa Naurpov Hv dp’. éEordocpévn, ai te Opivaxes StactinBover mpds tov HAvov. 567 i) KaN@s avTOv dmaddd£Eevev av pweTopytov.
Bar’ éywy’ on rOuye Kadtos ENOeiv eis dypov Kal tpravodv TH SuKédAAy Sia ypdvov Ta yNdzov. GAN avauvnabévtes, avopes, 571
EIPHNH. 19
ths Svaitns THs wadaas, iv tapeiy’ arn 108? air, TOV TE Tadaclwv éxeivor, TOV Te TUKWVY, TOV TE WUPTwY, 575 THS Tpvyos Te THs yAuKelas, THS wwvids Te THs mpos | 7~ ‘a Lal ¥ > a T@ dpéati, TOV T EAaY, av woOotper, avtl tovTev tTHvde vuvi 580 tHv Gedov mpoceiTare., xaipe xaip’, as ides Huiv dopévors, © Pidtarn. a A > ra , o@ yap edd pny Toe, Sapovia BovrAopevos 585 els aypov avepTricas. > \ ¥ . * t > L Roba yap péytotov nuiv Képdos, @ modoupévn, ee REE EEE YON yap Nuads abéres a ee an eof ai 2 Tacw omoco. Biov é- TpiBowev yewpytKov. 590 TONG yap émacxowev mpiv wor étt cod yAuvKéa Kkadatrava Kat pida. a > By > ZO, \ , Tots aypolkotow yap io0a yidpa Kai cwrnpia. 595 @ote oe Ta 7 ayrédsa XN \ UA f' Kat Ta véa ouKidsa Tarra & éréc’ éotl puta mpooyeracetat KaBovT’ dopeva. 600 GNA 10d TOT’ Hv ah huav Tov TONY TOdTOV Ypovov Ade, TOO” nuds Sidakov, & Oedv edvovoTare. 4 ie 7 \ X ¥ & copwtatos yewpyol, Taya bn Evviere pnpar’, ei Bother axodoas Tiv8 Srrws ameXeTOo. Tpata mev yap HpEev arns Deidias mpdas naxas 605 a 2 6 5. ‘\ Pd if fol - eita Tlepsxréns poBnbeis mi métaoxor THs TUYNS,
22
TP. EP.
EP.
TP.
EP.
TP.
EP.
APIZTO®ANOYS
3 , \ 9 a Lr evvovaTaTos mév Hv paxp@® Krewvupos.
ar cm 3 tal A A olds TLS ovY elvat SoKEl TA TOAEMLKG 6 Kreovupos ; TP. uynv dpiotos, wAny y’ Ore 675 ovK Hv ap’ obtép pyow civar Tod TaTpos. ei yap wor’ €€éXOo1 otpatiotys, ev0éws
> nn na oe + € amoPBorimatos Tov OAV éyiryveTo. éte viv aKxovoov olov apts mb’ HpETor doTis Kpatel viv ToD ALGov Tov ’v TH TuKVi. 680 ®, ta lol nn? wv * / 7,
YrépBoros viv tovT Eyer TO Ywpiov auTn, Ti Toseis ; THY KEpadrV Tot TepLayers ;
’ F x a 2 a> of atootpepetat Tov Snuov ayOeabeio’ Stu avT@® Tovnpov mpootaTny éreyparpato. GX ovKér’ aite xpnobpe?’ ovdév, dAXG vov 685 aTropav 6 Ofmos émiTpoTov Kal yupvos ay ToUTOV Téws TOV avdpa TeptelooaTo. Tas odv Evvoice, TavT’, épwTd, TH Tore ; evBovrdrtepot yevnoducoOa. EP. tive tpoT@ ; eg t nt ” aN a N 5 bt. Tuyydver AVYVOTTOLOS WY. Tpo TOD pev ov 690 3 fal > la X ia evnvAapapev év CKOT@ Ta TPayLaTa,
\ow ve x , ,
yuvt & dravta mpos. WWxXvov BovAEvcopmer. ® 0, old w éxéXevoev dvarvbécOas cov. TP. ta ti;
t \ > 8 ’ , TALTONAG, Kab TapxXal a KatéXcTev TOTE. mpatov & & tt mpdattes SopokAréns avypeto. 695 > n x QX ’ \ evdatpovel? mdayer O€ Oavpactov. EP. 76 tl; éx ToD Lopokréovs yiyveras Sypwvidys.
r n Ca f x *. a
Dipwvidns; was; TP. dre Yépwv wy Kal campos t yy n ba % € x r Képdous exatse Kav él pomds wéos. tb dat;Kpativos 6 copds éotuv ; TP. awéPavev, 700° &0 ot Adkwves évéBarov. EP. ti wabadv; TP. 6 t0; @paxidcas: ov yap éEnvéayeto > * rs - v , towv wiGov KaTayvipevov olvouv m\éwv.
” ‘9 4 5 9 a > 2 a , xarepa woo aT’ ole yeyevnoW év TH odes ;
EP.
TP.
TP. EP. EP. TP. EP. TP
EIPHNH. 23
@ar’ ovdéror’, © SéoTrowv’, agdnobpecOd cov. 705 vO. vuv, émt tovtows TH “Omdpay du Bave yuvaixa cauT@ rivbe Kar’ év Tols aypois TavTn Euvoceay €xtrowod aavt@ PBorpus. GAN os TdxLoTa THYSE THY Oewpiav andyaye 7h Bovd} rNaBov, homo mor’ Fv. @ paxapia Bovry od rhs Ocwpias, 715 doov podiyjcer Copov tuepav TpLov, boas dé Karéder ydduxas EbOds Kal Kpéa. GAN, & Gir’ ‘Epuh, xaipe worrd. EP. wal ob ye avOpaTe, xaipav amiOr Kal péuvnod pov. @ xdvOap’, oixad’ olxaS’ dromeropeba. + 720 ovx évda8’, & trav, gore. TP. wot yap olyeras ; bg’ dpwar’ Mov Zyvos aotpamndopel. modev odv 6 TAnmov evOdS eer citia; THY ToD Tavuundsous auBpociav ournoeras. Tas OAT’ eyo kataBjcouas ; EP. Odppet, kad@s- 725 Tob ep rigs THv Oedv. TP. Sedp’, © Képat, émrea Gov ay enol Garrov, @s wool mavu moOobvtes buas avapévovo’ éaryedres.
Eat ur Laie,
XOPOX.
Grn’ 10. yaipwv’ tyeis 5é téws tade Ta oKevN mapadovTes
Tots akorovbots Sdpev cole, ws eiobacet pdmora
mept Tas oKnvas mA€loTOL KAeTTAL KUTTALEW Kal | KQKOTOLELY. 731
GAXa purarrete TavT’ dvdpeiws’ jucis 8 ad Toics Ocatats,
jy éxomev d00v Adywv eltwpev, Boa TE vods exer
Xpiv pev timrev tors paBdovyous, el Tis Ko- p@dorrointys
‘
24
‘
APIZTO®ANOYS avrov émiyver mpos To Oéatpov mwapaBas év Tots avatraicrtots.. 735 ei 8 odv eixds Twa TYyhoat, OiyaTep Atos, doTis apicros KwpmdodiidcKaros avOpoTav cal KrELWOTAaTOS Ye- yévnTat,
dEvos elvai hyo’ edroyias peydrns 6 diddoKaros NOV. as X ® ‘\ > x La > , TpOTov pwev yap Tos avTuTddovs povos avEpoTrav
KaTEéeTaAvaEV > % . , 2% * tal \ els Ta pdxia oKe@mtovtas del Kal tois POepolv ToNELOUVTAS" 740
. , > oe L \ s c \ \ tous @ ‘Hpaxdéas tovs partovtas, Kat Tous TewvOvTas exeivous éfjrac’ atipdoas TpO@TOs, Kal Tors SovNovs Trapé- Avoev Bf Ea - a \ pa rovs gevyovtas xatatatevtTas Kat TumTTopévous éritnoes,
‘ods é&Fryov KAdovTas del, Kab TovTOUS oUVEKa Tovdl,
iv’ 6 atvSovrd0s cKorpas a’tod Tas mAnyas i?’
avépotro, 745
s a ft X\ 4 > a e \
@ Kaxddamov, Ti TO Sépp Erabes; pav voTpixls eioéBanrév cot
‘els TAS TWAEUPAS TOAAR oTpaTLa KadevdpoTouNcE TO VQTOV ;
ToladT aperov kaka kal poptov cal Bwporoyetpar’ ayevvy,
2 J L s eon 27 ..? ,
erroinae TEXYNV MEYaAHY Huiv KaTUpYywo” oiKooo“naaAs
éreow peydrots Kal diavoiats Kal cxoppaci ovK ayopaios, 750 > > x ¥ a n OX Lal
ove tdvmtas dvOpwricKous Kap@ddv ode yuvaiKas,
GN “Hpaxréovs dpyijv tw’ éywv tolor peylotous emeyeipet,
EIPHNH. 25
diaBas Bupodv dopds Sewds xadmethas BopBopo- Ovpous. cal Tp@Tov pev pdyouat TavTwv aiT® TO Kap-
xapodovte, od Sewvorara, pev am dh0arpav Kivyys derives éXapToyv, 755 ‘éxatov 86 KtKAw Keparal Koddxwv oipwlopévov EN LOVTO
‘mept thy Kehariy, govav 8 etyev yapddpas dre- Opov TeToxvias. ‘tolodTov idwv tépas ov Katédeic’, aAX’ Urép tuav TONE LLC@V 2 -~ 2 \ a) my la me a avTetxov del kal TavV GANoV Vicev. ov obveKa’ vue 760 1st a s \ s eon ee \ la -aTroSodval pot THY YdpLV Uuas -eiKds Kal pyuovas elvas. \ x t s x. 44 > \ 4 a Kai-yap mpotepov rpdgas Kata vovv ovyl Tadai-
oTpas TepivooTay : ; matias émeipwv, GAN’ apdwevos THV oKeunv evOds éyapouv,
map’ avidoas, TON evppdvas, TavTa Trapacyov Ta Séovta.
mpos TadTa xpewv eivay per’ epod 765
‘al Tors dvdpas Kal Tovs Taidas:
‘Kab Tois padaxpoict Tapatvodpev
Evorrovidlew wept THs vixns.
mas ydp Tus épet viK@vTos emod
kant tpanély Kal Evprocioss, 770
pépe TH hadraxpe, S05 TH Haraxpe
TOV TpwyaXloy, Kal wn apaipes
YyevvaloTadTov THY TOLNTaY
avépos To wétwmov éxovros.
Modca, od pév Toremous dtmacapévyn pet’ euod 775
E
26
TP.
APIZTO®ANOY2
a / TOU didov Yopevooy, Krelovoa Gedy te ydpous avopav te Saitas kal Garlas pwaxndpwv: col yap Ta8’ €& apyijs perder
qv 5€ ce Kapkivos éXov 781 avTiBorxH pmeTa TOV Taidwv YopEevoaL, pye? tmdxove pyr ér- 785
Ons cuvéptOos avtois, GANG vowile TayTas dptuyas oiKoyeveis, yuALavyevas opynoTas 789 vavvopuels, apupdbwv amoxvicpata, unxavodidas. Kal yap épacy’ 6 matip 6 ap’ édridas
eiye TO SpGua yadqv Tis 795 éotrépas amayEar. Towdde yp Xapitwov Sapepata KaddiKopov Tov copov month vpveiv, Otav npiva wev povy yedudov 800 éfopévn Kehadp, yopov O€é py ’yn Mépaotpos
pndé Meddvétos ov 5H ik porary dra ynpicavros jixove’, 805 Hvina TOV pan p bon TOV yopov elyov adeA- gos Te Kal adtos, dudw
Topydves dyropayor, BatiSooKkéTot, Gpmuiat, 810 ypaocdBat, prapol, tpayoudoyano., ixyOvordpar Ov KaTaxpewauéevn wéya Kab wrAaTU 815 Movoa Ged per euod Evp- mate Thy éopTiy.
TPYTAIOS. OIKETHS. XOPOS. @s xanerrov édOeiv Hv ap’ evOd TaV Deady. éyoryé ToL TeTOVnKA KOMLOH TO KENT. 820 putxpol © dpay dvwbev jor’. Ewouyé roe até Tobpavov ’paiverOe KaxonOers Tavu,
EIPHNH. 27
evrevOevi 58 modu TL KaxonbéoTepor. 2 OI. & déor0®, Hees ; TP. ds eye "arvOdpny tives. re Ol. ri & érades ; TP. jryouv TH cKédn paxpav Gddv 825 SiehnrAvOds. OL. 10 vuv, earevré poor, TP. 7d th; OI. dAdov tw’ cides dvdpa xara Tov dépa TAaV@MEvoy TAY cavTov ; TP. od«, Ef ph Yé ToU 3 a impuxas Sv’ 4 tpeis SuOvpapBodidacKdrov. OI. tid &Spav; TP. Evvenéyovr’ dvaBords ToTmpevat, 830 Tas evdiacpracOepwwnyérous Twas. OI. ov« Hv ap’ ovS & Aéyouat Kata Tov dépa, @s aatépes yuyvoued’, Grav tis amodavy ; TP. wdduota. OI. wal tis dori aortnp viv exe; TP. "Iwy 6 Xios, dcmep érolncev Tarat 835 évOade Tov Aolov ro ws 8 FO’, edOéws % a 3 x x 3 t ? tL Aotov avtov mavres éxddovy dorépa. OI. tives yap eio’ of Suatpéyovtes aorépes, ot Kxadpevos Odovow; TP. ad Selavov tives TOV TAOValwV ovTOL Baditovc’ aoTépwy, 840 imvods xovtes, év 5€ Tots imvotcr wip. aN’ elaay os TadxtoTa TavTyVL AaBav Kal THv Wvedov KaTtdKkArve, Kal Oéppaw’ Bdwp’ otopyu 7 éuol Kab THde Koupisstov réxoOs. kat tadta Spdcas fe Sedp’ adOus maduw 845 éya 8 amrodwaw tHvde TH Bovdg Téws. OI. wodev & éraBes tavta od; TP. wodev ; éx rovpavod. OI. dye vuy twpev. eimé pot, 60 Katadayeiv TavTn TL; TP. wndév od yap eOedjoes dayeiv wo, 0 A n ? a> 2 YN oT’ dptov ovTe palay, eiwOvi’ ae mapa Tois Oeoisw auBpoctay reixew advo. OI. Aelyew dp aith KavOdde cxevactéoy. 855 i 9 fal ° e XO. eddatpovixads y 6 mpeo- u iia ? ay id i Burns, doa y wd’ tdety, \ a L , Ta viv Tdde WpdTTel.
28
TP. XO.
TP.
Ol.
TP.
TP.
OI. TP.
APIZTO®ANOYS
a ‘ -e Ti Ofr’, éemevdav vupdiov pw’ 6pate Napmpov Orta ; ‘ yy L 860° Enrwros Ever, yépov, - abdéus véos @yv Tad, pip@ KaTaddELTTOS. odKovv Sikaiws ; OaTLS Eis. 865 dynua KavOdpov- ’miBas gowoa tovs "EXAnVas, OoT? év Tois aypois aravtas dvTas aaparas mivey Te Kal Kadevdev. 6 wANaKods wéeveTTat, onoaphn Evymrdrrerat,. Kal TAN arakdravta: vupdiov Sé dei. 870 y ? an L N , UO vey amoda@pev THvde THY Oewpiav avicavre TH BovaAy Te. tavtyi. OF. ti bys; attn Ocwpia ’otiv, tv teis Tote. cag’ icbt, KarnpOn ye porss. 875 ® déor7rera. 9 ty 3 io oe n ¥ / elev, Tis. oO’ tuav Siwasos, Tis ToTeE, tis Stabuxd&es tTHvde TH BovAn AaPorv ; 880 ovTw Aéyel” dels. Tis 6 hvrAdEwr.,; Sedpo avy KataOnoopat yap avTos eis pécov a” dyov. EA ‘\ . Va n \ cA f aye 6) od Katafov mpota Ta oKein yamai. 885 BovAy, mputdvers, opate ty Ocewpiar.. oxépac® ba’ ipiv ayaba -rapadecw gépwr. 890 x > 2? fat > > +, 27 a érest’? ayava & evOds é&éortas Toveiy Yaa ” ” By s TAUTHV EXOVTLW aUpLOV KadoVv Tavu. 895 h, be \ ve’ = r) ‘ A & tpitn O€ peta TAavO” immodpouiay d£ere, iva 89 KéAns KENTA TapaKedyTLEl, 900 SLA 3 by z ’ Fi > , adppata 8 én’ add\jdovow avatetpappéva guodyta Kat wvéovta mpocKivyicerat. aX’, @ TpuTavers, SéyerGe Thy Oewplav.~ 905 Gao’ was mpo0ipws 6 mpiTavis mapedéEaTo. 2 ’ > n y . n > GX’ ovK ay, eb TL TpOtKa Tpocayayelv ao” edeu
XO.
TP.
EIPHNH. 29
arn’ edpov dv & bréxovta TH éxexetpiay. Q XpnoTos avip ToX- ] ‘ [uA v4 Tals €oTlv aTaclW oa- 910 Tis y’ éoTl ToLovToS.
. Stav tpuyat’, elaecOe TONA@ pAANOV obds ipl.
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kal Kwrdédwv édOeiv oupisas, 1005
kal mepl tavtas judas apoovs
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34
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36
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40 APIZTO@ANOYS
TP. | — pndapas oy, eet TQUT@ y’ eyo Ta Sdpata TadT’ wvijcopas. OU]. wacov bidws ofr’ ; TP. ei Suatrpicbeiev Sixa, AdBorw’ adv abr’ és ydpaxas, Exatov THs Spaxymis. OII. bBprl6ueOa. yopdapev, @ Tay, éxTodav. TP. vy Tov A’, ws Ta masdi’ by *E€pyxerac 1265 puvupitomeva Ta TOV eTLKAHTaV Sedp’, iva arr’ doetas mpoavaBdarntal pot So«el. arn’ & Te meo adew émuvoets @® TALo.ov, avtod map’ éuée otav mpotepov avaBadod *vOadi. TAIZ AAMAXOY. Nov ad& émdotépwv avipav apyopuela 1270 TP. _Tavcat éTAoTEépous ddwy, Kal TadT’, @ TpLTKaKddaLpor, \ elpynvys y’ ovons: awabés y ef Kal Katdpatov. - TIA. A. Of & bre 67 cyedov foav én’ ddAjAoOLow LovTes, obv p &Barov puvods te kab doriSas éudaroéoaas. TP. domidas ; od Tavoce memvnwévos damidos Huty ; 1275 NA. A."Evéa 8 aw’ oipwyy te cal edywry Trédev avipar TP. aydpav oipwyy ; Kravoe. vn tov Acévucor oiuwyas dowv, Kal TavTas dupadroéaccas. ITA.A. dAAd Th bar abo; cd yap eimé pou otoTLct Yaipess. TP. “Qs of wey Saivuvto Body Kkpéa, kal ra Tovavti. 1280 ‘Apiotov mpotidevto Kat at@ Hétotra TacacOas. TIA. A."Qs of wév Saivuvto Body Kpéa, xadyévas intov éxAvov lopwovtas, eel ToAéwou exdpedGer. TP. elev éxcperOev rob Tworéuou Kar’ HoMvov. tadT’ dde, Tad’, ws jaOvov KeKopnuévor. 1285 TIA. A. Owpjccovr’ dp érevta wemavpévor, TP. domevol, oipar. TA. A. mupyov & Fexéovro, Bon 8 doBeatos dpwper.
EIPHNH. 41
TP. xaxior’ dmmdXoto, matdapiov, abtais. waxaus*
\ ‘ ovdév yap ddeus wAnV Todépous. Tod Kal ToT’ Ee;
TIA. A. eyo ; TP.cd pévros vi) A’. TIA. A. vids Aawdyov.
TP.
XO
aiBoi 1291 yap éye. Oatpaloy axotov, ei ad pi eins dvdpos Boudondyou Kat haa tyeaX ou Teves vids. dmeppe kal tots de aes Go’ tov.
mob poe TO Tob Krewvipou ” ort mratSéor ; 1295 daov mplv elosévas Te ov. yap ed 018 bre
ov mpdypar’ doe cappovos yap e& waTpos..
AIS KAEQNYMOY..
Aorids pev Satwv tis dyddreTai, Wy Tapa Odure évtos au@untov KadXLTOV ovK eOérov.
eié pol, @ TOcOwY, eis TOV GavTOD Tatép’ ddeus. ; K. buynv 8 éEecdwoa, TP. catyoyuvas 6 Toxfas. arn’ Badia aie ev yap 060” ey capes [1301 bre Tad’ bo’ Hoas dpre rept THS aomribos.
ov py ?rtNdOn wot’, av éxe(vou Tod matpos. 1304 ipav TO Nouv Epyov Hon ’vTad0a TeY pevovT@V grav tadta Tavta Kal oTobeiv, Kal wy KEevas Tapér-
GAN avdpixas éuBdrrerTOor,. [eev. kal opoxer? audoiv taiv yvabow ovddév yap, @ Tovnpol, 1309
Aevedy dd56vT@v epyov gor, Hv pH Te Kal pace@vTas. Hiv meAnoes TADTA y’* Ev TroLets Sé Kal ov ppatov.
TP. dad’, @ pd Tod TeLvavTes, EuBadArECOVe TOV Nayouv"
as ovxl Tacav nuépay mraxovow Ertiv évtvyely TWaVMmEevaLs EprHpots. mpos Tavta Bpixer’, 7 Tax’ Div Gynus weTapmergoery,
XO. edhnuciv xp) Kai rHv vipdnv éEw tid Sedpa
Kopilery, 1316 G
42
TP.
XO.
TP.
APIZTO®SANOY2.
badas te dépewv, kat mdavta rKeav Evyyaipew atre-
sopediaiy.
Kah Ta oxen Tanuw eis Tov dy pov vovi x pty: mdvra
wopitew
épxnoapévovs Kat omeicavtas Krab “VrépBorov efe-
Adoartas, Katrevéauévous. Totot Oeoicuv Ouddvat wrodTOV Tos “EXANGLY,, KptOds Te Tovey Huas TOAAGS mavTas 6molms olvdv Te ToAUY, ovKa TE TpwyELY, tds Te yuvaikas tiktew hyiv, kat taya0a wavO’ 80? atwréoapev: ovrAréEacbar radw €& apyis,. AREAL 7 aidwva oidnpov.. Seip’, @ yuvas, ets dypov,. XOTwOS mer? ood Karn KAAMS KATAKEioel. @ TptopaKap, ws SiKad- ws Taya0a vuv éyess.
“Vunv, ‘Tuévar’ o,
‘Tut, “Twévar’ o.
ti Spdoomev avtiv; Te Spdcopey avtHy ;: Tpvyncopev avTHY,’ Tpuyiicoper avTny. adn? dpdpevot dépw- wey of mpoteTaypevos Tov vuuphilov, wvopes. ‘Cunv, “Fpévar’ o@, ‘Cunv, “Cuévav’ &- olknoeTe youv KaAws ov Tpayuat’ ExovTEs, aX-
1320
1325
1330
1335
1340
1345
XO.
TP.
XO.
EIPHNH.
Ad cuKONOYoUVTES. ‘Yunv, "Cuévar’ @, ‘Ypnv, “Twéva? &. gjces y’, Stav éaOins oivov te mins Toduv. "Ypnv, ‘Ypévae’ o,
“‘Yunv, ‘Yuévar’ o.
@ xaipete yaiper’, av- Spes, nav EvvérnaGé pos, TAaKoovtTas eae,
43.
1350
1355
NOTES.
1—81. Two servants are busy in attendance on a beetle; one is kneading the food, the other gives it to the brute. They interpose remarks on their disagreeable task, and on their master’s madness. One of them explains to the spectators how Trygaeus has a mad pro- ject of going up to heaven on a beetle. And soon Trygaeus appears mounted on his beetle, and preparing for his upward way.
1, alp’ aipe] Frequently used thus: e.g. Soph. Aj. 545, aip’ adrov, aipe dedpo, The feeder speaks this first line. ;
ido’, dos k.7.4.] This dialogue has been variously arranged. The arrangement followed is Holden’s, which is, in a great measure, Dobree’s. It is plain that the servant who first speaks is feeder, the second is kneader. When at v. 16 the second resigns the task, the first takes in the trough, from which the second is making the cakes, and gives the food to the beetle, kneading tub and all. The second then addresses the spectators—reporting progress inside, as seen through the half-open door—till, at v.41, the first servant, who has returned, puts in a word, but goes out again to give the beetle drink at v.49. The second continues (interrupted by a word or two from Trygaeus heard from within) till, at v. 80, the master is disclosed on beetle-back. '
drrodounéve] A malediction, as in Ach, 924, 951: ‘to him who (as I hope) will perish.’ ,
3. payor] Not a very severe curse on the beetle, to whom such food was sweet enough. But it is plainly the right reading, following on kéxict’ doNovpévw, and Brunck’s proposed ¢ayos is hardly explica- ble: for why should the servant wish his fellow such evil?
5, ldov] ‘ Well, there you are again’: giving him a cake.
rot yap ijv viv oy ’pepes;] ‘ Why? where’s that you took to him just now? épew is of the first servant (the feeder) taking the cake from the kneader and giving it to the animal. To give this line to the first servant appears absurd; and a needless difficulty is started by Meineke, who (supposing $¢pew to be better said of the kneader who brings the cake) proposes the violent changes of “pzpov here, and oice inv. 18. Itis true that in v.14 épe is ‘bring’: but such a com- mon word may well vary its meaning to suit the context.
6. ob xatépayey ;] ‘Surely he has’nt eaten it: has he?’ To which the feeder replies, ‘No by Zeus! you can’t say he has eaten it,’ you cannot use such a human word as xatégayev, ‘ but he crammed it down whole.’
4, évéxawe] Rather a favourite comic word. Cf, Ey. 498, éwéynd- ov; and Vesp, 791, where it is used of putting a coin in the mouth.
1
46 NOTES.
The simple «éavew occurs in Av, 245, and another compound avaké- wat in Av. 579.
mepixvdicas] Probably a sound correction from MS. wepixuxdioas, The Scholiasts read it thus, for they explain wepieAxicas Kal wepiodbpas, 200s 68 Tois xavOdpors tas dvidas wepikvdievy, The long « may be illus- trated from Vesp. 201, mpooxvAre (or mpockvricov) : also from Eadicas (Nub. 32), for dXicas is to dhivdw, adivdiOpa, as xvdicas to Kvhivdw,
-roiv aodoiv] Rogers quotes from Wood’s Natural History a passage illustrative of the beetles’ manner of rolling their food. pds viv ré fw tay Today, Schol. to explain the dual, quoting also Nub. 150. The feet are set in pairs: and the front pair would perhaps be most conspicuous, taking the place of a pair of hands.
9. dvdpes x.] He summons to his aid those accustomed to such ‘dirty work, ;
14, ovédels yép «.7.X.] I am quite clear of any charge of appro- _priating the food to myself: as might be the case with servants. Cf, Eq. 716, where, as of a nurse feeding a child, it is said: pacapuevos yap “TH piv oivyov évribys, altos O° éxeivou TpimAdoLoy KaTéoTaKas,
17. Uepéxew tis dvtAias] Properly a seaman’s phrase, ‘to get ‘the better of the bilge-water,’ to keep down the water by working the pumps. Hence it means here, metaphorically, ‘to get the better of this stench,’ and so continue my work. Atthe same time dvr\ia may represent the actual vessel in which the material for the food was, ‘because ‘ships’ dvrAias were (as the Scholiast says) dvowdscs, And so the speaker is understood ; and evr\éa in the next line doubtless means the trough from which the cakes are being kneaded. The metaphor from ship’s bilge-water is common in tragedy in such phrases as -éEavtAely mévov, avtT\ely Kaka,
, 18, aviv dp’ otcow] As the second servant refuses to knead any more cakes, the first takes in the whole of the stuff in the trough,
20, uswv oé y’] He turns to the-spectators.
21, wdlev dv wptaiunv] Cobet’s daofev mpraiuny is a needless change. The difference between the two is cat. 67. wp, ‘tell me whence I might buy,’ «at, 7. dy mp. ‘tell me, whence may I buy?’ And the latter appears the more vivacious and preferable of the two.
24—6. Pigs and dogs are not particular: they take their food ‘au naturel.’ gatAws means ‘easily.’ ‘Il l’avale sans fagons’ Brunck gives as a rendering. dmAds cal areptépyws. Schol, For épeidec cf, note at Nud. 1375.
26. BoevOverar] Cf, Nub. 362, and the note. Also Lysistr. 887, Svokodaive: mods éué kal BoevOverar,
28. yoyyvAnv] The Scholiast gives absurd reasons for women’s pre- ference of round cakes. Surely the @omep yuvaix) refers to the whole care of the preparation, not particularly to the roundness of the cake,
30. mapoitas] This denotes partial opening: ‘ut sit semiadaperta janua’ Bergler. The same force comes out in wapaximrew ‘to peep’ ‘slyly’ through a window or door. Ct, Ach. 16, Vesp. 178.
’
NOTES. 47
32. Adbo1s] Thus Meineke, Holden, Richter: for vulg. \d6ns: be- cause 2ws should have dv. gws ceavtov av Aabus Dawes. It is doubtful whether, as do71s, 6s are found with conj. without dv, the analogous absence of ¢v with ws may not have been permissible. :
34, womwep wadatoris] Falling on vigorously with his teeth, as a wrestler does with his arms. One Scholiast thinks (not so well) that the greediness of athletes is the point of comparison, wowep a. would then refer mainly to éo0iee, 2
TapaBaduy 7. y.|, * Having laid to, or fallen on with his grinders.’ I cannot understand the Scholiast’s xaAdoas tous éumpoctious dddvTas: he appears to think it a metaphor from seamen’s language: cf. Ran, 180, 269 wapaBadrot tH xwriw, and Eg. 762, tiv dxkarov wapaBdddou, This last, which is of boarding an enemy, is perhaps analogous to the present passage in some measure: mapafddXew Tovs dédvras ‘to apply, bring to close quarters, the teeth.’
36. womep of «,.7,\.] Like those who make the large ropes for ships: for they toil with all their soul and body and strength in the twisting. Schol. The beetle was working himself round, head, hands, and all, devoted to the mess which he was now stooping to take from the trough: cf. above v. 18. Rope-makers were called cxowocupBorsis,
39, ampocBor% | éwel Ey Exaotov twy dpvéiwy dvdkertar Oe Tivl, ws detés tH Atl, kal yAatE rH AOnvg. Schol. And thus Av. 563, rpoc- veipacbar 6 mperdvtws Toilet Geciatw Twv dpvibuy ds dv doudrty Kal’ fxactov, That this sense of wpocBody, ‘attribute, adjunct, appendage’ is the leading one here, seems plain. But there may be reference to the: other sense, ‘infliction, visitation’: for which cf. Asch. Choeph, 283,. Eum., 600, toocBodal ’Epwiwy, piaocpato,
40—41. Aphrodite or the Graces would not choose such an emblem..
41. rod yap gor’.] The question is perhaps asked generally, but the first servant, having returned from giving the trough to the beetle (v.18), suggests an answer. Some arrange the dialogue differently. It is at any rate certain that the address to the spectators ovxotv «,7.d. and ¢ys 6: x,7.A. at v. 50, should be the second servant’s. In the:
assage ovxoty..éo8ie. ‘And now by this time some conceited young fellow will be asking the meaning of all this,’ the actor lays aside his dramatic character for a moment.
42, xatatBdrov], How the beetle was so unmistakeably proper. to. Zeus as kaTrai@drns, is not plain, Pauw proposed cata:ra'rov, Meineke- (Vind, Aristoph.) cxaraiParov, for the Scholiast notes mwaffer, éaels oxdrois Tpépetat 6 kdv@apos. Without supposing that the text «ara: Bdrov is wrong, we may suppose allusion to either of the above words. The actor would pronounce it so as to make the joke clear to the. audience. ischylus speaks of Zyvés dypvmvov Bédos katatBdrns Kepav-. vds (Prom, Vinet, 358): hence of Zeus himself the word is not inap-. propriate.
44, ro 62] ‘And pray what means it?’ the actual words are quoted., Brunck’s reading téée is no improvement.
46, ’Iwuixés res] At the Great Dionysia foreigners were present. C£, note on Ach. 503, Ionic is to be taken in its strict sense, as Dindorf
48 NOTES.
remarks ; not as equivalent to * Athenian,’ as Florens Christianus says, The following lines clearly prove this-by their dialect.
47. alviccerat] So Meineke, following Dobree, for vulg. alvirrerat which is not Ionic.
48. dvaiséws on,] Vulg. tiv or, The omission of tiv, to leave dvaidews quadrisyllabic, seems right. Dindorf in his note approves it.
48, éoGie:] As Cleon was now dead, «etvos apparently refers to the beetle: to make it refer. to Cleon, 7jo@sev, or, as Ionic, zoQcev, is pro- posed. The other sense of oratidy ‘leather parings,’ given by the. Scholiast, increases the fitness of the comparison.
50, wa:diors «.7.A,] Whether degrees of age or dignity are chiefly, meant is uncertain. Perhaps both. The Scholiast on Av. 794 tells us that there was a part of the theatre (ré BovAevtindv) assigned to the: members of the council, as also to the youths (76 é@nfixdv).
54, paiverar xaivov tpdmov| Cf. Vesp. 71, vdcov yap 6 matihp d\dé- KOTOV GduUTOU DOGEL,
55, ovx Ovarep vets] paviav dicavixyv, Schol. If so, this is said. with a remembrance of the Wasps, his comedy of the year before. Others think that the war mania is meant: which would suit with the present play.
59. Kkdpnpa—éxxdpet] Cf. Isaiah xiv. 28, ‘I will sweep it (Babylon). with the-besom of destruction’. The Scholiast says that there was a- form of execration, often used by' Menander, ¢xxopneins ob ye, equi- valent to dpdnv dodo,
61. ovyioaé’] Meineke gives this, and the rest down to v. 113, to the first servant. But evidently it belongs to the second, the first never re-appearing after v. 49.
68. éxxoxxicas], As cities are the enclosures of men. (c«émaz), so are, pomegranates of their seeds. Schol. This verb occurs twice in the Lysis- trata, v. 364, ef uh orwmijoe, Yevwv cov 'KkkoKid.to Yijpas, and. v. 448, EKKOKKLO Gov Tas oTEVOKwWKUTOVS Tpixas, In both passages it is a threat: ‘I will strike and knock out of you the little strength your old age has’: the strength is as it were the kernel, and in the case of the women is but the feebleness of age. And in vy. 448 ‘I will pluck out your hair’ the spirit is much the same. In Ach. 1179 &£exéxwicev is used rather differently, of ‘putting out’ the ancle-joint. The phrase é«kox- kioat tiv odciav, given by L. and 8. from Nicom. ap, Athen., is ana- logous to the usage here..
65, psaviev] Plural for singular, says the Scholiast. Buta plural sense, ‘mad fits,’ suits this passage and others ; c.g. Nw, 832, Lys, 342, The reason of the plural being often used appears to be that pavia consists generally of intermittent seizures.
66, xoAn] So in Nub. 833, dor’ dudpdow meiber yodwou,
67. évOadi] dv radi Lenting, Hirschig, Meineke, Holden. It is a neat improvement; for the emphasized ‘here’ has little force. For é@v with imperfect thus used, cf. note on Vesp, 708, Nud. 855.
NOTES. 49
68. mas dv..dv] Cf. Nud, 840, ti 0’ dv..dv, and the note there: also that on Nud.:783. ‘The doubled dv has an emphasizing force ‘how ever can I arrive?”
e000 rou Ards] Asin Eg. 254 eb00 ru&v xupnBiwy. Cf. below v. 301. The genitive is used of the mark aimed at or attained, as after ctoyd~ Ceobat, Tuxeiv,
70. pds rabr’] The preposition describes the position of the climber ‘ facing,’ or ‘ against’ the ladder. ‘Cf. Shaksp. Jul. Caes. 11. 1, *Tis a common proof, That lowliness ‘is young ambition’s ladder, Whereto the climber upward turns his face,
70, dveppsxat” dv] For this use of dv see above v. 67. dvappryao- Gat is explained by the Scholiast mods Toixous dvaBaivew xal xepol Kal mociv: but the supposed etymological connexion with ¢paxvy seems doubtful. It is evidently compounded of évé and a simple verb which acc. to L. and S. is dppsxdouar or dpexdouat, Aristotle uses it of bees on flowers, (H. A, 1x., 27, 7), Tov 62 knpdv dvadapBavovow ai pédiooat dvapprxwpevae (al. dprxwuevar) mods Ta Boda dkéws ‘trois Eumpocbev awociv, *To swarm up a tree’ as country boys use the word, is, in sense, an equivalent, whatever be the root, of dorxéouar, or prxdopar as it should be for this Aristophanic form of the imperfect.
71. xepadris] Cf. Vesp. 1428, karedyn tis xepadijs.
72. éxpOapels] irl cane é€eXOuv, Schol. So of Gidipus in Ran, 1192, ws IdAuBov nopnoev.
73. Alrvaiov] Probably ‘Aetnaean’ -chiefly refers to the famous Sicilian breed of horses.; for which cf. Soph. Gd. Col. 314, Aivvaias irl addov BeBdoav. For throughout this scene the beetle is in,place of a horse. Cf, sarmoxopeiv, iwroxaviapos, kavOuv, But the Scholiast quotes a curious passage from Plato Com., ws péya pévro: mévu tiv Altuny épos sival pact, Texpaipov, d0ev tpépecbar Tous xavOapidas Tw avOpuTwv toriv ‘Adyos.obdév éXa7TOvs, an inference that the mountain which feeds big beetles must itself be big. Hence we may conclude that 7Emaean beetles were really believed to be large as well as AGinaean horses, so that Alrvatov goes naturally with péysorov: ‘a mighty beetle of: Atnaean breed.’
75, wwXiov] varoxopiotixds, Schol. *A favourite colt’ Rogers.
76. & Unydoidv pou «.t.4,] Parodied from the Bellerophon of Euripides, as are several phrases in this scene. ay’ & pirov por Inyé- cov mrepov were Euripides’ words.
78. vydt] The servant here peeps in, as above, at v. 30, rndi wapoitas oxéWouat,
80. peréwpos] On the stage-machine called éwenna, as the Scholiast reminds us: cf. below v. 174.
‘81, imnnddv—émi t.«,] ‘Horsed on beetle-back.’ Trygaeus now comes into sight, rising above the enclosure within which the beetle has been kept. See Introduction. ;
82—179. Trygaeus exhorts his beetle to go fair and softly: to his servants, who remonstrate, he explains his plan: how he is going up
H
50 NOTES.
to Zeus to get a remedy for the evils of war. His children’s prayers do not move him; nor the difficulties of the way: indeed he shews that his is an economical mode of travelling, and that he is prepared for every emergency. Up he rises, higher and higher, addressing his steed by the way, till he reaches the gate of Zeus.
82, xavOwy] xupiws 6 dvos. Schol. but with allusion to «évOapos,
83. coBapds] He is not to be too fresh and frisky at starting. The word suits a horse, but in Nud, 406 it 18 used of wind, as also below at v. 944, Ct. Plut. 872 ws coBapds, & Aduatep, cicednrvbev 6 cuxopavTns,
85, idins] of yap tamot xaudvtes cal idpwoavtes diadvbévtwy THY perov o€brepot yivovtat, Schol. ‘They warm to their work.
@7—89. These lines are condemned by Hamaker, and ejected (as ‘ineptissimi’) by Meineke. They certainly contrast with the half- tragic style of the beginning: but this is hardly enough to warrant us in omitting them against all MS. authority.
90. & décor’ dvat] Rather in the grand style: perhaps from some tragedy. Indeed the mock tragic and ludicrous alternate in most of what follows. :
92. merewpoxomeis] The Scholiast’s explanation, t@ mAdra rijs kumns pataiws thy OéhatTav Tine, fits more exactly Oaharroxoreiv, as in Eg. 830, ti Qadattoxomeis kal wAatvyifers, Here it is the air, not the sea, which is beaten by the oarage of the beetle’s wings.
95. patny obx vytaivers] Cf. Soph. Aj. 635, voody udev,
97. yevtev] ‘mutire, hiscere, quia vel una voce vel tenui poterat sinistrum edi omen.’ Dind. The verb occurs in Eg. 294, Nub. 963: and we find in Plut. 17, daroxpiwdpevos ovdé ypt. ;
aX’ ddodvferv] Richter proposes ud’ ’6\., needlessly, for a cry of joy and good omen would not be dvcgmnuov. And the injunction to absolute silence is left for the world below during Trygaeus’ flight, which may be supposed to take some time (ef. v. 137, where he con- templates provisioning himself) ; while the ev@nusiv xpi is spoken to the servant, who had used the ill-boding words ti m. o. ¥. And thus Hamaker’s condemnation of v. 98 is unwarranted.
100, d@aorkodouety] ‘to wall off, brick up.’ Others read dvorx, ‘to build up, repair.’
102. Trygaeus (as Richter with probability thinks) rises during the anapaestic and dactylic systems, halting during the iambic dialogues.
104, ws rév A’ cis 7, 6j The repeated ‘to’ we avoid, and say: ‘tt Zeus in heaven.’ The variation of ws and els obviates the awkward sound in Greek.
106. yedouat..‘E\Aada] The same charge at v. 406 is brought against the sun and moon. As the Scholiast and Bergler say, the Athenians are satirized for their litigiousness, since even Jupiter is not safe from prosecution. ;
110, ot« govt am, tT. a.] Cf, Nub, 698, Vesp. 1166. Why (merely because the Rav. MS, has iod but twice) the thrice repeated iov should be obgected to by Richter and Meineke, and invite needless interpola-
‘
NOTES. 51
tions, it is hard to see. iy, iH, i, at v. 195, is left unmolested: and forms part of the line. Richter supplies xaxodainwy éya (from Vesp. 1166), putting lov, lov ‘ extra metrum,’
114, & wdrep «.7.4,] The Scholiast gives us a fragment from the fZolus of Euripides dp’ érupov gdtw zyvwy Alodov evvdfew réxva pidtata, as suggesting this,
117. és xépaxes} of slightly dubious import here, as in Av. 28, where the adventurers are seeking the birds; and neatly applicable to ‘Trygaeus’ wild-goose chase up aloft.
BeTapuvios| patatos, dvenopdpntos. Schol. The word is common . in Homer, but of its simply literal meaning the passage of Simonides, quoted here by the Scholiast, xovia 6: mapa tpdyov petapwduios 1ép0n, is perhaps the only instance. Here it seems half literal, half metapho- vical, There is rather a comical absurdity in adit * you will trudge, tramp off’ in this collocation.
119. é0£dca:] In Euripides’ Aolus is the line dofdeas tort, xépar, 76 8 évitupov ovw éxw elaeiv. Schol.
dx Bonar vuiv] Meineke proposes judy ‘I am grieved at this in you, when you ask, &c.’ te. ‘I am grieved at your asking.’ Of course Univ after dySouar is not to be taken as Urio vudv. But the father in his want and impatience may reasonably say, ‘I am troubled, worried, tired by you when you ask.’ His spirit towards his daughters is much like that of the old men towards their boys in Vesp. 300—312. Com- pare also, for &y@ec@ae with dative thus used, Ach. 62, dxOopa’ yo aptoBect kal Tois Tawar Tos 7’ adaCovedmacw,
123, xoAddpav] The Scholiast gives a proverb, «i 6’ oivoy airei xévdvAov a’tw-dds, recommending that children who ask too much be thus summarily dealt.with. There is thought to be allusion to «dévduAos a kind of porridge: indeed one critic would read xdvévdvs here. But «dvovdos is plainly right. Cf. Vesp, 254, xovdbrAous vouberetv: Eg. 1286 ‘xovdtrors dpudttecQar, Indeed the food and discipline of Trygaeus may be illustrated from our nursery rhyme of ‘the old woman who lived in her shoe,’ and followed up-her children’s broth by a whipping all round. «odAdpa led to xévdudos by alliteration: ‘a cake and a cuff to season it. withal,’
125. vais uév yéo] The Scholiast gives a fragment (Eur. Fr. 660 in Dindorf) hardly intelligible, but containing the words w7nvds ropedoet, either from the Stheneboea or the Bellerophon of Euripides. Though given as a note on this line, it evidently applies to Trygaeus’ answer in the next.
128, EevEavr’ éXadvew] Trygaeus is generally thought to have been astride on his beetle as a «éAns: it is questionable whether Cedar is elsewhere applied to a saddle horse. But as Pegasus was certainly ridden, not driven, when ‘ terrenum equitem gravatus Bellerophontem,’ it must be so taken here.
129, Alowrov] The substance of the fable is: The eagle took the young beetles: the beetle'then broke the eagle’s eggs. The eagle nested in the bosom of Zeus: but even there the beetle followed; startled Zeus so that he let the eggs fall, and they were broken.
52 NOTES.
Moral: There is no escape, even with Zeus, for the wicked, Thus much says the Scholiast. The fableis begun by Philocleon in Vesp, 1446.
130. uovos werevav] As the eagle was there first, there seems a slight contradiction: but we may suppose the eagle, as the bird of Zeus, not to count among 74 qereiwe of earth.
131. dmorov 2, wu.) The same words occur in Eur. I. T. 1293. Cf, also Aisch, Suppl. 285, dicta pvbeio’, & Eévar,
132. éaws] ‘how’: not equivalent to é7:, but rather dependent on admtotov, ‘a tale incredible, how’; it was hard to believe or imagine how such a creature could come to the gods.
136. daws epaivov| Cf. note on Vesp. 961, tva ut @ypadev., A con- sequence contingent upon something that has not happened, a conse- quence now impossible, is thus introduced,
tpaytxdétepos] Pegasus being the steed in Euripides’ Bellerophon.
137, & méd’] Cf. Eccl, 120, 134, for instances of @ méde addressed to a woman.
140. vypov wr, B.].The ‘watery ocean deep’ is no doubt a fragment: probably from the Bellerophon. tous tpaytxous mailer dud Ta wep) *Ixdpov Aeydueva, Schol.: and an allusion to Icarus’ fall would not be out of place. Trygaeus replies that he took a rudder with him on purpose for such an emergency.
148, Natovpyiis kévOapos] A kind of boat built at Naxos was called xév@apos, city and tidy, words for a kind of beetle, also gave names to boats. Cf, Ach. 920. «dvOapos has many meanings, but this sense of ‘boat’ is well established by a passage trom Menander: fjxee Aurav Aiyatov ddyvpov Babos | Oedpidros quiv, wo BTpdtwyv, ws és Ka- Aov. TOY vidy EvTVXOUVTA Kal ceowopévov | TpwTOS éyw Got, TOV TE Xpvoowv KavOapov, | Utp. woiov; Oi. td wroiov, Hence it is plain, that the varieties of ‘ cantharus’ puzzled even a Greek, at first hearing.
145. év Tletpaet] Piraeus had three ports (Atuévas Tpeis avtodueis, Thue. 1. 93), Cantharus, named frum a hero, Aphrodisium, and Zea.
147: ywdos] Like Bellerophon. Telephus also (Ach. 429) was one of Euripides’ lame herocs. Of such limpers Euripides was the special manufacturer, xwAomotds, Ran, 846,
148, tpaywola yévy] * fabula fias’ Hor. 149, The daughters depart; the father turns to the spectators: bids
them farewell: and continues to rise, it is supposed, out of their sight and hearing.
153, xdrw xépa] Some following the Scholiast write xatwxdpa in one word.
Bovxodicetat] draricerar, Schol. to which most editors assent. Rogers translates ‘He'll toss me headlong off and turn to graze,’ objecting to the old interpretation that authority is wanting to show **(1) that Bovsodgiv, standing alone can mean ‘to deceive,’ and (2) that BovxoAjcona: can be employed in a purely active signification.”
To (1) Bouxodsiv +6 dyptov Eccl, 81 is a partial answer, not a com- plete one, for some notion of pasturing remains there in an allusion to
NOTES. 53
Argus, As for (2), many futures of the middle form have the active sense ; and even BovxoXovmevos seems used for ‘ beguiling.’ In fact the word is commoner in its metaphorical thdn in its literal sense: and this last, after all, is hardly that of ‘feeding’ but, in the active, ‘ tending,’ in the passive ‘being tended, wandering about over the pasture.’ And the Scholiast deserves some weight in a matter of this kind. Hence the old interpretation is defensible. Perhaps, in strictness, Bovxodsiv and Bovxodzicba: should be kept distinct: the former is of the herdsman, tending and managing (cf. note on Vesp. 10), the latter of the herd straying on, cropping the herbage now here, now there, and so beguiling, as it were, the way. isch, Eum. 78 «al wi) mpdcanve tévde Bovxohovusvos wovov is a good instance. For the etymology, it seems preferable to take @ouxédos as analogous to aladdos, and - Not from «déAov,
154. xwpet xaipwy youc.] Note the alliteration. Cf. Nudb.6. ypvoo- Xa\ivwy, proposed by Fl. Chr, and Bergk, is simpler, but not therefore better in a passage of this kind, since Trygaeus is intentionally made to use fine phrases.
156. atdpois dciv] wpdeot, wh opois Schol, This Fl. Chr. would invert: dpQois, uh wpdeot, But certainly Trygaeus, a timid rider, does not wish for tokens of ‘ungentle’ spirit, cf. above v. 82, 83. Cheerful good temper is what he wants; and though the application of pa:dpds to the ear seems intentionally affected, yet a cheerful good temper is shewn in a horse by the position of the ears. dsakiwijcas wr, ‘stirring the rattle of-the bit:’ ¢.e. with the bit, etc., rattling on your head and neck as you go briskly on.
160. dpouaiay w.] Euripidean.
161. dp0ds] This has the authority of MS. V, and seems more tragic than dpQuws,
173, ot’ ws 6.] He turns to the machine-managers, and pretends real fear of falling. We may suppose some change of scene now to represent the outside of the palace of Zeus. Trygaeus dismounts from. his beetle and summons the porter. This summuns is in rather Euri- pidean style: cf. Eur. Phoen. 1067, 1, tis év wiédatot dwudtwy Kupei ;, avolyev’,
176. puAdEes] sc. we ‘if you don’t keep me safe.’ vAdEe: Mein., ‘if you don’t take care.’
180—235. Hermes opens the door; learns the new comer’s name. and business: tells him that the gods have moved house upwards,. leaving him to take care of the old place. For they are disgusted with the quarrelsomeness of the Greeks, and have given them over to War;. who has thrust down Peace intoa deep cave, and now means to pound the Greek cities to atoms.
180. 7é0ev x, 7. .] Commentators doubt whether povi or dopy is to be supplied. It is in fact left doubtful: 1 aictyors avipwrou cicedjAutev, A copy i} Pwo, érecwTiKwWs, Schol. But ef, 4Esch, Prom. Vinet. 115, tis dxyw, tis déua wpoctmta p’ adeyyns, Gedovros, i} Bpdtetos, H KEK~ pauivn ; Prometheus is aware of the approach of the ocean nymphs through both organs. ‘ Whence is borne in on me the token of mortal
man :
54 NOTES.
‘Hpd«Aews] Often invoked at any strange sight: cf, Nub, 184, @ ‘Hpdkdes, tavtt wodamd Ta Onpia; and so in Ran. 298 drodobpsd ’dvak "Hpdedzs, is Kanthias’ exclamation of fright, though there the name has additional force.
181. fr7oxdév@apos] With reference to imaoxévravpos, Schol. Such compounds are (in fable at least) not uncommon. 4schylus is ridiculed in Ran. 937 for his immadextpuwy. Trygaeus’, steed is xdévlwy and xdvOapos, but of course to Hermes he magnifies his mission and his mount,
182. Bdedvp2] Porson corrects the vulg. pap? thus, from Suidas, comparing Ran. 465, where nearly the same storm of abuse greets Dionysus. The vulg. pap? is not-indefensible, but fdedvpé is neater, as we may suppose it called forth from Hermes by a whiff from the unsavoury beetle.
185. prapsitaros] It is not for him to contradict the god, so he adopts the epithet as a name.
187. uot; w.],In Greek, when a question is repeated, before the answer is given, or when an answer is given, the word expressed in such repetition or answer is not‘always that which we in English should express oremphasize, This is especially the case with answers given by the pronouns, éywye, Exovye. eg. (Plat. Theaet) E. wepi tovTwy 7 Stavost dte duqotipw éotdv; O.zywye. ‘S. In respect of these things do'you think that they both exist? Th. Ido’ 2%. dpéoxe: dé 76 7a wWeudh Sod{ew ddodokety eivac; O. Enorye. ‘S. You are satisfied to define false opinion as wrong opinion? Th. Iam.’ And so here we should render it: ‘Who is your father?’ ‘ My father? or ‘Who?’ not «my father >’ for there is no emphasis needed on the pronoun.
_ 190. Tpuvyaios] A name suitable to a vine-dresser, from tpvyay.‘to gather in the vintage.’
7 AQnovevs] Athmone was an Athenian deme.
191. tpayudtwv) Troubles of law and litigation are meant. ¢mpey- pocuvn, as used in wud, 1007, is the opposite: but the more modern Athenian character was against such inactivity. Cf. Thue. :. 70, Evunq@opay te iyeic0ar obx wooov iovxiay admpadypova i doyoXiav éqimovov,
192, «péa] For the a short cf. Nub. 339 and below v. 1282, ody kpéa Kabyévas imma, : S
198, decdaxpiwy] Cf. Av, 143. In Plut, 978, tye. 6& xaraxéxyiopar dev\dxpa, we have a similar word. It is thought that. there may be reference here to «xpéa in the former line: indeed the Scholiast says ouvéme£e Tots Kpéact TO dethov, But asin the Aves there is no such reference possible, probably there is none here.
& yNoxpwy «. tT, X.] Trygaeus’ offered bribe makes Hermes change his tone; and now he turns on the servant ordering him. to call his master. Hermes is treated with scant respect: to him as ‘ mnpétns ‘menial’ (Aisch. Prom, Vinct. 983) less is shewn than to other gods. -
195, Or’ ovd’ Zueddes] Richter’s note “dre pro dt ut Nubd, 7’ is
NOTES, 55
very misleading. Of course 87’ ovdé is dre ovd?, but Ste means ‘ when’ as it always does: Hermes laughs at Trygaeus tor bidding him to call Zeus ‘when’ he says ‘ you were not even likely to be near the gods yet awhile.’ The reading oud” EueAdes, for the vulg, oddé péAdzis, has been accepted (from Dobree) by most editors. ‘Ihe past tense refers back to the time of Trygaeus’ words: ‘Ha! ha! ha! the idea of your saying that when you were not in the least likely to be getting near the gods!’ But the common reading would do fairly well.
197. dpoisoe yep] So Zeus, and all the gods following him, had left home (though only for twelve days) when Achilles’ wrongs needed redress and supplication by Thetis. Hom. Jl. a.'423.
198, idov ys] xAsva{wy noi, Schol. Cf. Ey. 344, Nud. 872, &e. yiis is repeated exactly from Trygaeus’ words ‘to what part of the earth > Of the earth indeed!’
199, um ’adtév drexvas] ‘right away into the very dome of heaven,’ kbrTapos as in Vesp. 1111 the cell ofa honey-comb : as also in Aristotle. Here 76 xothdtatov kal wvxaitatov tot ovpavod. Schol. Doubtless it is a word of general import, from kitos, xiw, as L, and S, give it; and is dsed in many senses.
202. cavidsa] Possibly « word of more general meaning than ‘trenchers’ as L. and S. give. At all events cavis means almost any- thing of wood, and in Arist. Mirab, 22 it is used of a pail in which mead is made,
kappopeidta] Thus most editors write for MS. caéuqopidia, That the vowel before the 6 is long, admits of no doubt: ef. Heel. 1119. And so it is in ‘Eppidiov, v. 382, 984 of this play. A contraction probably (as is suggested on Nud. 92) was the cause of the long syllable in every case ; auopeisiov, dixaornptidiov the resolved i or « blending into one vowel sound. But how the Greeks preferred to write that sound, may “be doubtful: perhaps to leave it as the best MSS. give it is safer than to alter it according to our own theory of their othography. ‘
207. dvwxicavd’] Cf. Thue. 1. 7, Kal péxor rovde viv dvwxeopévor loi, of those dwelling ‘up’ the country, away from the coast. We need not, however, take dvd in this verb as implying more than move- ment or migration: the other idea being so distinctly given by AVvWTaATHW,
209. alc@avoiaro] Cf. Lys. 42 ti 8 dv yuvaixes ppdvimov tpyacaiuto, This vowel form of the third pers. plur, is common in the optative in Attic poetry: and in the perf, and pluperf. of some verbs is found even in‘ Attic prose, ¢g,° TeTdxaTat, éverdxato, épPOdputat, TeTpdpartai,
Thue. Plat.
212. wototvrwv] ‘bringing about, causing.’ The active voice is’ used of one who procures or brings about a truce for others, the middle of the disputing parties who make it for themselves. Cf, Ach. 52, 58, 131; where all are not agreed as to the reading, but the principle is the same. omovdds wotciafar=aréivosotar, not 80 omovdds motsiv,
Aaxwvixol] Cf, Nub, 186, Ach, 329 for this form used as a noun, For the history, we read in Thuc. 1. 59 that the Athenians, hard
56 NOTES.
pressed by invasion and by the plague, made overtures for peace, but without success, and were very indignant with Pericles and his war policy. , 214. val te oi} Castor and Pollux are the two gods meant in the , Spartan oath ; but tw 62@ in an Athenian’s mouth means Demeter and Persephone. ; adrtixiwy] 6 ’Arcixiwy: a contemptuous diminutive.
215. mpafa:t’] Correction from mpd£awt’, due to Bekker, and generally received. For wpdEatvto could make no sense with d¢yatov: but mpdEare dy, Te ‘you should gain any success,’ just balances Uep Badrouwr7o pixpdv, ‘
dtrixwytkol] vaoxoptotexas, Schol. And Aaxwuixol above he in- terprets to be so. The passages quoted above at v. 212, and on Nud, 186, make this last fact doubtful. But ’Avtixwyixés does not come naturally from ’Attixds, as does Aakwyixcs from Adcwy, Hence it was meant to be a curious word, which probably the rhyme and the con- venience of metre-led Aristophanes to coin for the nonce.
216, «dé\Oocev of A.] The Lacedaemonians sent an embassy to treat for peace immediately after their men were shut up in the island of Sphacteria. They spoke at some length; expecting to gain their point, for they thought that the Athenians, who had before wanted peace, would now be only too glad to get it. Butthe Athenians, being nuw masters of the position, demanded more concessions. The issue was that nothing was done, and that chiefly through Cleon. Then again, when the men in Sphacteria were captured, the-Lacedaemonians made another attempt, but the Athenians still aimed at greater things, and though the others came more than once on this errand, sent them away with nothing effected. Thuc. rv. 15—22, 41.
217. ?Eamateusba] Cf. Thuc. tv. 22, KAéwv dé évtavOa 3d) modus évéxerto, éywu yryvdcKew wiv Kal mpotepov ovdiv év va eExovTas di- katov avtous, capes 6° eivat «al viv, oftiwes TH piv wANOEL ovdev £Oédovowy simeiv, ddiyous 6& dvdpdar Evvedpor BovAovTar yiyvectar' aAAA ei ti vytes OtavoobvTar, héyev exéXevoev Etacw, The Athenians re- tused to believe their overtures bona jide, honest, and sincere (vytes, Sixatov),
218. ’AOmvay] Strange and needless changes are proposed to get rid of ’A@nvav : which form, however, seems supported by comic frag- ments given by Kogers. Meineke also, in his note (Vind. Aristoph.) on this passage, approves of Hirschig’s useless oweoréov for wetoréov,
219. Eovew abbis] Cf. Thuc. 1v. 21, of d& tas omovdds..7dn opiow évduifov éroipous elvat dmétatv Bov\wvtar Toretcbar mpds avTous,
220. 6 yoov x, 7, A.] ‘Yes, that’s just our style of talk,’ those words bear the Athenian stamp: met. from coinage.
222, aAX& wot yap] ‘ But (you surprize me), for where.’
224, és rovtl 76 kétw] In front of the higher stage on which this scene is acted ‘‘is the mouth of a cavern or pit, blocked up with stones, masking a secret flight of stairs which lead to the interior of the theatre.” This higher stage was probably at v.173, where Trygaeus appeals to the
NOTES; 57
enxavorotds, thrust out underneath the beetle, who thenceforth rests upon it.’’ Rogers. As far as can be determined, this seems a good account of the scene-shifting. But the beetle is removed at some time during the action, for at v. 720 he is not to be found. Perhaps he went odie very soon after Trygaeus dismounted, to make more room for the rest, :
225, Scous rav Nigwy] Cf. v. 157, THs yas wokAHy.
227, @velav] Some prefer @viay, It must in any case here be a tri- syllable, with the ¢ long.
232, add? sine] The actor who personates Hermes departs, to come on as Kvdoiuds: so Richter probably enough suggests.
yroipny éurjv) As in Vesp, 983, Eccl, 349, The Scholiast rightly ex- plains it by cata yuoiunv éunv, kal ws olopat,
234, dodpw] vosiv dei tov Tpvyaiov amoBeBynxdta Tov KavOdpou ert THs oxnvis Tabta héyew, Schol. That is to say, upon the raised stage where all this part of the action goes on. He probably dismounted from his beetle immediately upon his arrival at the door of Zeus.
235. 0. p, wodemcrnpias] Oveias for the natural oa\myyos. Schol. Rather similar is Ach, 571, wé8ev Bots xovoa woAeutortnpias ; in Lama- chus’ mouth,
236—300. War appears, denouncing destruction to the Greek cities: he sends his attendant to fetch a pestle, that he may begin the pound- ing; but none is to be found, Cleon and Brasidas being dead. Hence Trygaeus conceives the idea of pulling out Peace from her cave before War can repair the loss; and summons aid for the work.
239, Soov xaxdv «al +, II,] With the common punctuation, Ooov xaxéy xal, render it: ‘how terrible too is the look!’ But with Meineke’s punctuation, wAdtous, dcov xaxdv, ‘Oh! the big mortar! what a terror! and the look of War! Thus tod B\é#paTos as well as tod mwhétous would be the genitive of surprise. Perhaps this is the better way of the two.
241, 6 radavpwos) Cf. the description of Lamachus in Ach. 964, -6 detvds 6 Tadabpivos bs tiv Topydva maddet, There is of course re- ference to Homer’s "Apna tadavpivov modeuiothy,
6 karé toi oxedoiv] Variously explained. Reiske says “ scilicet iguevos, qui ad affligenda, conflingenda crura tendit.’”” Brunck supplies iotas, BeBnkas: ct. Homer’s wooly 2d, diaBés, Florens Chr. proposed KaTak T, ox, i.e, kaTeayws, because lame men cannot run away, and are Uropovntixwtepor: a queer idea! Itis clear that the phrase must refer to the common conception or representation of War, and Rogers thinks it may be a parody or quotation from some existing description of War. He quotes Horace’s stanza, ‘Mors et fugacem persequitur virum, nec parcit imbellis juvente Poplitibus timidove tergo,’ which may have had a Greek origin. This is possible and ingenious. The meaning then would be ‘who follows hard on the heels (of the fugi- tives).’ This would suit with év-xal pedyouev, and is not very different from Reiske’s interpretation. (
242. Ilpactal] a town of Laconia laid waste inthe second year of
'
, I
58 NOTES.
the war. Thue. 11.56. But it is chosen for its similarity to mpdco ‘leek.’ A salad (uvtrwrds) was made of cheese, garlic, leek, honey, eggs, oil. Four of these ingredients we have represented here. With this line War puts in the leeks.
zpicéPdAtar] Very little advantage is gained by writing tpls dOArat, as Meineke does, for it is as easy to supply G0Aca: to the following numerals out of the compound as out of the separate words.
246, Méyapa] Megara had suffered greatly in the war. Cf. Ach. 729—835. Garlic was put in for them, Megara being fruitful in that article : -it is one of the first things which Dicaeopolis asks the Megarian for: Ach. 761.
248, dptuéa] With reference to the nature of garlic.
250. SixeAia] Cheese represents Sicily: being a specialty of that island, as Theocritus’ eleventh Idyll abundantly shews. Also, in the trial scene of the Wasps, it is a Sicilian cheese that the dog is accused of having stolen. The chief distresses of Sicily were yet to come: there had, however, been troubles at Leontini before (Thuc. a 86) ; and dis- turbances were even now re-commencing. Thue. v. 4.
251. ofa wodss] This must mean ‘ What a state (2. e. what a noble, great state) will be miserably crushed !’ 7éAaiva being taken with duakv., and forming with it the predicate, being thus nearly equivalent to an adverb. Meineke reads olov ‘how.’ This corresponds to the ws in v. 248, Blomfield proposed (in note on Aisch. Ag. 64) oi’ 7 7. ‘how will the city.’ And then 7éAawe must go with the verb diaxv, for 4 wéhes gté\awa is not Greek for ‘the wretched city.’ The verse is rightly given by Dobree, Meineke and others to Trygaeus. The Scholiast notes that adds is used by Homer of Lemnos, by Pindar of Aegina; it is, therefore, natural enough of the island Sicily.
StaxvaroOicetat] Cf, Eg. 771, kataxvyobeinu ev puTTwTe peta Tupod, Cf. Aisch. Ag. 65, dvakvaropévys 7” Ev mpotedeiows Kéuaxos of the ‘knap- ping of the spear in sunder’ in battle.
252, 7d wéde,,7a7TiKdv] The Scholiast remarks that Athens is dealt with gently, War having no harsh words for her, Perhaps this is fanci- ful: for being pounded in salad is as bad for honey as for anything else.
254, tetpwBorov] Cf. Eg. 798 for this correction from -ov to ov,
255, Kudoiué] Lamachus (Ach. 572) asks mot xpi BonOeiv, moi xvdor- pov éuBadetv ;
257—8. The old arrangement gave both these lines to Kudowuos, Hermann suggested the present order of dialogue, changing vulg. évé~ Badges to évéBadev, Most editors follow him: yet the vulg. is defensible.
259, otce:s] Meineke adopts Dobree’s cic’ oic’, as also does Holden. Meineke has a fondness for this imperative. He would introduce it at v. 18 of this play, and has done so in Vesp. 671 for dwoere, The future bales well enough to express a command: ‘you will please to run and
etch.’
261. ’A@nvatwy wetabpéer] Those who believe in the infullibility of Dawes’ canon, by which the @ in wetabpéfec would be short, supply something to this line, Brunck proposed cv, Dindorf ye after 'A@nvaiwy,
NOTES. 59
Dobree, Meineke, and Holden read taxv wavy, which has an awkward sound. Cf, Nub. 869 kal r&v xpznabpav ob tpiBwy, It seems better to give up the infallibility of the rule than to alter so many passages to save it,
262, ei d2 wy ye] ‘Ad vulgatum «i dé wi ye exempla desidero’ Richter. In v. 828 we have ei wi ye mov. And in Kg. 186, ei Mi} ’« Tovnpwy y’, the ye is in the same clause with «i jj. Meineke here reads *ya tod ye, The exact collocation is found in later Greek, e.g. in the N. T. cf S. Matth. vi. 1. ;
266, qtapater] Meineke with misplaced ingenuity proposes xatatpiwer or owapater here. He objects “taparrev wd dv ab hoc loco, ubi non de turbandis urbibus agitur, sed de evertendis prorsus alienum est.” But War is to sit at his ease and stir up and mix the pounded ingre- dients of his salad. What can be more natural? War has sent for Cleon, his «vxnOpov kal tdépaxtpov (below y. 654): when this is brought, kabijuevos tapdter, kvxav and tapdocev frequently occur together: cf. “Esch. Prom. Vinct. 994 Bpovtijpact kuxdtw_mdvta xal tapaocétw, Cf, Ach. 688, ;
268, vd deiva] Cf. note on Vesp. 524. Rogers, in a note here, shews the force of to deiva by translation of the passages from the Lysistrata and Birds (Lys. 921, 926, Av, 648): but follows the Scholiast in think- ing it ‘apologetic’ or ‘deprecatory:’ dre Te dvcyepés médAopmev eye, el@tauev toiTo mpordocev, ws jr} evvpnpovotvtes. It certainly in Aristophanes seems rather meant to express the real forgetfulness natu- ral to one who speaks in a hurry than ‘‘ a pretended forgetfulness or hesi- tation due to reluctance.”
269. dmddw’] Clem wasslain before Amphipolis, late in the summer of p.c, 422, Brasidas fell in the moment of victory in’ this same engagement. For the operations in those parts cf. Thuc. v, 2—10. ;
271. eb y’.. mov] Cf. Ach..1050, Eg. 1180. ‘ He did well in dying,’ “twas very good of him to die.’ Below at y. 285 the same phrase is repeated,
273. Wamplv ye x, 7, XJ ‘truly it was but just before he (War) mixed our salad.’ 7 or «i (which the Scholiast seems to have read) is the least change from vulg. # to make this line intelligible. Bergk conjectured wplv tovee (i.e, wéAeuov) Tov wu. Omitting the line is a solu- tion more simple than satisfactory.
275, tTair’ & 6,] ‘Yes, master.’ Cf. Eg. 111, Ach. 815.
277. #v Zupuo8pdxy| The mysteries of the Cabiri are meant. The prayers of those initiated thus were supposed to be of great avail.
279. dmootpadivar) dtacrpapjvat, Schol. ‘dislocated,’ so that the messenger may not return with the pestle. Or it might mean ‘turned away,’ so that when he wished to come hither he might be forced the other way.
281, pdv ovx av pépers] ‘do you again fail to bring one?’ But the position ad is curious, Perhaps ad rather expresses ‘do you—lI again ask—not bring one? For «al is thus thrown in after interrogatives mus, Ti, and the like,
283. rami Opdxns xwpia] Cf, above at v. 269 for the history. Bra-
60 NOTES.
sidas’ being sent on foreign service is described as a lending out of the pestle to others.
285. Atocxépw] Appealed to, because worshipped’ at Lacedaemon, Brasidas being a Spartan : above, in thecase of Cleon, Athene was named. Schol.
289, Adridos].Datis.the Persian general (says the Scholiast);became an admirer ofthe Athenian polity and language. He did not, however, catch, the niceties of the latter very successfully, in assuming yaipouat to correspond with #jéouar,
293, wpdyudtwv), Cf, Ach..269, mpayudrwr te kal paxey, cal Koud- Xov aradhreysis, : ;
295. mpl &repov ab, +, X.],Cleon and Brasidas were really the two chief opponents of peace. The latter, says Thucydides (v. 16), be- cause his success and honeur was from war, the former because he feared his evil doings would be discovered and his slanders less be- lieved in peace. It is not likely (as some suggest) that there is reference to Alcibiades as ‘another pestle.’ He was not at all so at this time: for he had been an advocate for the restoration of the prisoners from Pylos, and for alliance with the Lacedaemonians. See Grote’s Hist. ch, Lv. :
296. yewpyol] These naturally come first with Trygaeus: probably they suffered most by war,
299. ws tadycr’| The metre changes to trochaic, the metre for bustling action, even before the Chorus have actually entered. For the use of this by the entering Chorus cf: Ach. 203, Eq, 247. In both those plays and this it:is-a spirited entry of men eager for action. The Cloud- chorus, Bird-chorus, and’Frog-chorus enter with lyric song.
800. dpwdear, ,dya0ot'-Sainovos| The cup of good fortune was quaffed after supper. Cf. Vesp, 525, mndémote aio’ adkpatov picbdv ayabod éaipovos, and Eg. 85, dxparov olvov dyabot datyovos, I cannot instance another similar use of dpwdca:, for Richter’s examples to shew that dpwdoa * dicitur de eo qui avidius potat (frisst und saiift),’’ Av. 892, Ach: 1160, Pac. 1118, are not to the peint. But since the good fortune is to be secured by dragging out Peace, dpwdoa: is used with reference to that; as is shewn by the second Scholiast’s explanation, viv. yap dori timiv bwép.dyaliis TuxAs Kausiv Kal doewacat thy Elpivyy, Infact there is a double sense ‘to drain the cup of good fortune’ or ‘to drag Peace out with good fortune.’ Meineke suspects corruption and pro- poses dyaOijv daiueva, which appears tame. j
301—430. Enter the Chorus, ready and willing, but rather too noisy. At.last,they are calmed down, and are with Trygaeus anticipating the delights of Peaee, when Hermes interposes, declaring that Zeus has forbidden the raising of Peace. However, he is eventually bribed to silence, and even consents to superintend the work,
301, eb@d rhs] Cf. above v. 77. 802, TLavéhAnves] The writer of the argument to this play says.
‘the Chorus consists of Attic husbandmen.’ It is plain from Trygaeus’ comprehensive summary in vv: 296—298, from this word; and from the
; NOTES. 61
words addressed to various Greek, states during the work. of pulling, that it was a mixed Chorus: or at least that there were other super- numeraries who helped in the pulling. See Introduction.
803. Kaxdy powiixdv] ‘red-coated evils’; cf. below 1173 pouwzKcid’ éfeiav wavy, Undoubtedly this is better than ‘evils of bloodshed’ as one Scholiast explains. Meineke thinks owvixidwy would be an im- provement. No other instance of. po:ixixds in this sense is given by lexicons.
304, picoddjuaxos], Lamachus is the representative of War, as in the Acharnians,
305. mpdés rad’) ‘ Wherefore, looking to this,”
306, dwereiv dv] To be thus joined: ‘there is no way in which I seem to myself to be likely to give up: i.e, ‘ there’s no possible chance of my striking work to-day before &c. In construction dy belongs to the infinitive.
310. Il, é{wrupicere] ‘Wake to life the fire of War.’ {Cwzvpeiv av@paxas is the proper phrase: metaphorically (waupovpévas ppevds, Asch. Ag. 1034,
812. ori’ tuspav toiav]. Cf, Ach, 196, Vesp. 248. An instance of : three days’ rations is in Thuc. 1 48.
313., KépBepov] Cleon in the Knights is a Cerberus, v. 1030; alsoa wapdayuv by name, and a mwapAd{wv by nature, v. 919: axexpdxtne, vw 187,
314, év0dé’] ‘here on earth.’ Trygaeus forgets that he is in heaven,
316, ott: «al viv]: ‘There is in nowise now, as before («al), any who will, &c.’ Cleon might be an obstacle before; but now, if I get Peace, none shall make me give her up. Meineke reads xaipwy: but ‘none shall get her with impunity’ is not so strong as ‘none shall get her at.all.’ Trygaeus first begs them not to wake War; then not to stir up Cleon, who is no doubt acting Cerberus down below as he did when on earth. The Chorus in rejoinder say they do not fear any one now. Trygaeus then reminds them of the danger if War should come out again. Dobree’s ojt: viv y’ é7’ appears, for the sense, a better change, if'any change be needed: Or perhaps ovr yap viv ‘ why, there is none now who shall take her from me.’
éEa:picetat] Bergler quotes Eurip. Heracl, 976 tobtoy 6’, émeimep Xzipas Ven eis guds, od« Zore OvnTaev Goris eLatpioerat,
320, ws xuxd7w], ‘So let him confuse, &e.’ Strictly speaking ws is relative. Trygaeus had-said ‘He will disturb all this in a terrible way.’ The Chorus rejoin ‘In which way e’en let him.’ There are several uses of ws, olos, doos which cannot neatly be rendered by a relative in English. e.g. an answer such as, ws y’ éyol doxet ‘yes, as I at least think ;’ is given more shortly, ‘so I think.’ Cf. note at. Nubd. 1158, ofos ¢uol tTpéperat Tais, .
323, did Ta oxrjuata] ‘for the sake of your dances,’ that you may have your dances. Cf. note on d:é with accusative at Eg. 67. This is one of those cases where o:¢ with genitive, ‘ by means of,’ might have
62 NOTES.
been used; the dancing being both the pleasure for which, and the means by which, the business was to be marred.
327. iv ldov] Cf. Eg. 26 jv, ovx 1j65; and -Ach. 610 évl, which is explained by some to be the same, though the reading there is doubtful.
328. édxtoar] Cf, Nub. 540, xépdax’ efAxvoev, Supply either oxédos (with the Scholiast), or cxjue. i
329, kal m..doxnancd’ ér:] The MSS. have dpxtcec’, This cannot stand with xal uicétt, Most editors accept épxijoncd’ : Richter changes «al to xo¥, retaining dpxtcec@’ ztx, Meineke approves (Vind.), and further prefers épxiiceo8é 7: to dpyijcec@ 271, The change of « to n seems the less violent. And the repetition of é7: after the intervening words is, natural, and suits better the emphatic prohibition of Trygaeus than does 7,
331, tovrcyl x. 7. X.] This (they say) is positively their last fling. Cf. Vesp, 1530 pimre oxédos ovpaviov,
333. Avmety z7c] ** Non male legeretur Au7eiv w’ Zr’? Brunck. The full construction is certainly wore vuds yi) Avaeiv pe ETL,
334, ddAd...2xov] Constr. dhAd goTw avayxaiws zxov wor pimrew Kal 76 dptotepov oxidos, Bergler parallels zor’ av, ¢xov from sch, Choeph, 237, mpocavddy tor’ dvayraiws éxov,
836. ma&Adov 7..do07ida| Meineke rightly explains the construction thus: yeXw uddXov Thy domida txpuyav i el TO yipas Exdvinn § quam si serpentis more senectam exuissem.’ The absurd idea of Florens Chr. that there is a play on the double meaning of aowis Meineke wrongly attributes to Bergler, who only gives a reference to Ran. 345 dmoceiov- rat (yépovres) Aumds Xpoviovs 7’ trav wahatsy EviavTous, to illustrate yiipas éxdus,
842. wavnytpes] The principal Theoriae or sacred embassies were to the four great games of Greece, and to Delphi and Delos. These’ ambassadors, as representatives of their state, were expected to appear with some splendour. In Vesp, 1188 the office is mentioned as subject for boasting words.
343. KworraBi<ew] There were many varieties of this game (see Dict. Ant. under the word cottabus): but in all the thing to be done was to throw wine from a cup so as to strike a certain mark. Athe- naeus (xv. p. 667 ad fin.) gives the details of the play. Beluw at 1172 we have a particular kind of cottabus mentioned. From the Scholiast on xottaBigery here we may gather that, originally, success in the game, by hitting the right mark and producing the right sound, as- sured the skilful player that he had the affections of his mistress. Afterwards the game was elaborated, and was played for prizes.
344, cvBpd{erv] As the v in 2vBaprs is short, alterations from the MS. reading Sudpiferw have been proposed: cvBpidew, cupBapiferv (of doubtful existence), mvdapi{ew. For this last, adopted in Meineke’s text, meaning ‘to dance,’ cf. Eg. 697, dwemvddpica pobwva TepiexdKKaca t where the v in wudapi{e may be long, as L. and S. mark it, though the passage is not decisive. The Scholiast certainly read here cvPapivew, at least they derive it from the town Sybaris, and explain by tpvpav.
NOTES. 63
346—360. To this choral system should correspond metrically 385— 399, and 582—600. Porson determines the first two of the three to be antistrophic. Bergk and Meineke the first and last, Dindorf all three. Some discrepancies there are between 346—600 and 385—399, to remove which by conjectural change would be over bold: some omissions in 582—600, where to mark lacunae appears the safest plan. But the system may be described thus. The first, fifth, sixth, thirteenth lines are trochaic. The ninth line is also a short trochaic. The remaining lines are composed of paeonics (— Ww), but for two short syllables
’ occasionally a long one is substituted, thus forming a cretic (- UY —- ).
846. mote tiv ugpav] Varieties of no great importance exist in the reading of this line. If with Bergk, Richter, and Holden we read this line, not as a trochaic, with tatrtnv we tiv tiuépav, then in v. 385 we read ynéapws, pndapds, and in v. 582 adopévors pidtatn,
348. Poppiwv] Cf. Eg, 562, where Poseidon is called Phormion’s favourite god; and Lys. 801, cal Mupwvidys yap qv tTpaxus..Tois £xdpois dmacw, ws 6 Kal Popyiwy, Phormion’s naval operations and successes are detailed in Thucydides (11. 58, 68, 80—92),
349, duxacriy Speuuv] Such as was Philocleon in the Wasps: who of all dicasts was woAU dptmttatos (v. 276): ef. Eg. 808 iifee yap coe Optimus dypoikos Kata cov Thy Wipov iyvevwv,
355. ixavév xpdévov] Ten years. The Scholiast here says thirteen, looking probably to v. 989, where Trygaeus reckons rather differently. Cf. note there.
356, és Avxesov] yupvdorov ’AUjvncw Saou mpd Tov wohéuou eddxouy yupuvdfecbar, Schol.
_ Evy ddper E. a.) Cf. Vesp. 1081.
360. adtoxpdtop’| Cf. Lys. 1010 wep) diadAaywv adroxpdtopas mpic- Bes dwowéuwe evbdde, Also Av, 1595. avttoxpdétwp is quite the regular word to apply to ambassadors, generals, &c., with full power to treat or act: asis é\éo0ae for choosing such.
363. KeAdXsxwv] Cillicon betrayed his country (Samos or Miletus) to the Prienians, and to those who questioned him about what he was doing answered, wdvta dyabd, This evasive reply passed into a proverb.
364. odxoipy iv Adxw] ‘ Yes of course, if the lot falls on me.’ Hermes was the god of chance and lots. The Scholiast says that there is also reference to the Athenian practice of not putting to death all the con- demned criminals on one day, but settling the order of execution by lot. Cf. és tiv’ pépav; in v. 366: ‘ for what day is my execution fixed ”
367. ovdéy tjumdAnka mw] He hast not provisioned. himself for de- struction. He speaks as if there were but one way of perishing, viz. by war. There may be intended some suggestion of wéAzuos by alliteration in drodobpevos, Cf. Nub. 6, arddo10 Ont’ & wodeue TOMMwY OtvEKA,
369. émitérpupat] ‘Crushed and destroyed you are already.’ The perfect tenses here used denote the immediateness and thoroughness of the process. Cf. v. 246 for the word itself.
64 NOTES.
370. dyaév] As if to be destroyed at once were a blessing. Bergler compares the Megarian’s saying in Ach. 755, dvdpes wpdBovior trait’ émpattoy TH Wore, OTws TaXLOTA Kal KaKioT’ drodoiueba,
374, 2s youpidicv] The candidates for initiation had to sacrifice a pig. The initiated were supposed to have the happiest life down below: some description of it is given by a chorus of them in Ran, 440—459. And Xanthias when approaching these says (Ran. 358) ws 100 ‘wor Tpoctmvevce Xowpeiwy Kpewy,
376. & Zeb] Hermes calls to Zeus, but is interrupted.
378. mpos rév kpedv] Evidently to rhyme with 7, 7. Oedv, The usual adjuration having no effect, amore piteous and personal appeal is made.
380—81. aduarduvOjoopna: x, 7, X,] Epic and tragic words, erop- yjow is indeed: a comic 'fiction, as far as we know ; but evidently from the favourite Aischylean tTopds, ropws. Homer uses duaddiver twice of the utter destruction-ofa-wall. Il. 7 463,418. Curiously enough Hermes here is foretelling for himself in case of silence much the same treat- ment from Zeus.as he announced to Prometheus.
884, el 62 pi] ‘Else:’ but the full sentence would be ‘if you will not not be silent,” é.e. ‘if you will not speak.’
887. vduit’ év x. +, X.] There are varieties of reading here. The MSS. have vopi{wy év twHde two, If Meineke’s vopi{wy év toroitw be: taken, an analogous use of the prohibitory «1 with the participle may be seen in Aisch, Ag. 509, xaipe..6 TWuQios avak roto idmtwy pykét’ els tjuas Bédos.
390. yi yévy] This and the next line do not agree metrically with 851—352, There are nu corrections proposed worth much attention; and the sense is satisfactory.
893. & thav0.] Here a cretic answers to the paeonic in the strophe at v. 355.
395. IZeredvdpou] ‘Pisander appears to be attacked as a coward Av. 1557, as stirring war for his own private gain Lys, 490, iva yap Ieioav- Opos txot khémreny yol tals dpxais ewéxovres ael Tia KopKopvyjy éKtKwy, He was called évoxivéios ‘donkey-driver’ by Eupolis in the Maricas; and from other fragments (given by the Scholiast on the Birds) we gather that he was tall, and of a fine personal appearance, It is sup- posed that this is the same Pisander who afterwards played an im- portant part in the time of the Four Hundred. :
396. mpocdéors] Cf. note on Nub, 307, where mpdcodor is joined with 6ucia: and OaXiat,
398. wavros ] A cretic to balance the paeonic, as above at v. 393,
402, «Aéarat ta yao viv] This is Meineke’s reading in Vind, Arist. It only differs from MS. Ven. in the change of te to ra. Dindorf keeps Te yap, comparing coi te yap in Soph. Trach, 1019. There are many. passages in Homeric and early Greek, there are even a few in A’schylus and Sophocles, where ve cannot be a conjunction: but it is doubtful whether this is so in Aristophanes. Hermes was the god of thievery ; hence they naturally now honour him more, It is a hit at the Athenians as wokAd KAémwtovtas. Schol.
NOTES, 65
406—408. Above at v. 108 Zeus himself was to be charged with Medism. The fondness of the Athenian people for finding a plot and conspiracy in everything is ridiculed. Cf. Vesp, 488, ws dsav@’ upiv tupavvis gore kai Eouwporar,
407. vuiv] The betrayal of Greece to the barbarians is virtually a plot against you gods. For if the Greeks are done away with, there will remain none but barbarians, and these will sacrifice only to the heavenly bodies.
410. tovroiot x, +. X.] Cf. Herod. 1, 131 Ovovor d¢ qAriw te Kal cedivy Kal yi Kal wupl cal beats Kal dvéyorce,
412. 1iuas] This, for vulg. vuds, is supported by MSS. R, V, Bentley, Bergk, Meineke, and the Scholiast. It is undoubtedly the better reading. By the Greeks’ destruction the sacrificers to the Olym- pian gods would be gone; therefore the Sun and Moon’s worshippers alone would remain. But the destruction of the Olympian gods (if such a thing were contemplated) need not make the whole world choose the Sun and Moon to worship. ;
414, -rav7’ dpa] This explains (as Hermes thinks) their irregula- rities; the shortening of the days, eclipses, &c. Such portents, as they were then thought, were numerous during the Peloponnesian war. But ‘Hermes may not be referring particularly to these: indeed réAa: seems to suggest ,that the words are to be taken-generally of the celestial phenomena. ; ;
415, dpyarwrias] tis Tév dopdtwy ymoxeias, Schol. ‘Bad driving’ seems meant; and there is a play on duaprwXias, It is their bad driving that causes these irregularities, which are meant in some way to puzzle and damage the Greeks. Some editors take ¢uaptwAias into the text.
417. tivde] Meineke’s taévde is to avoid the. awkward position of xa) after Tide, Join then EvAAaBe twHvde ‘lend a hand in this,’
420, Acwéd2’, ’Adwvia] The-Dipolia are alluded to as an old feast in Nub. 984. The Adonia were to Aphrodite and Adonis. Hermes is willing enough himself to monopolize the other gods’ rites, though shocked at the Sun and Moon’s doing so. .
422, ddeEucdxw] A title of Hercules and of Apollo.
. 424,. ddpov didwys] Here he gives a golden cup. Fl. Chr. quotes Homer’s Sdpa Ozovs meider, dwp’ aldoiovs Bacthnas,
425. otp? ws 2d.) Ch Nub. 773 ofp’ ws fdouac-for another instarice of ofuor not of grief. 2A, rv x, ‘ pitiful towards, mollified by.’
429—30. Do you superintend and direct: for.the rest (the details of.the work) you will find us efficient hands. Meineke professes him- self “‘utterly unable to understand tdéAAa,’’ Hermes is to be master- builder. .ppdge Snutovpyixds is much the same as ppd{e xdpxitexrover in v. 305.
431—519. After due libation and prayer the pulling begins. It goes on slowly at first, owing to the hindrance of some, and the half- hearted or misdirected efforts of others. At last, mainly by the exertions -of the countrymen, the Goddess is drawn up to the light.
432, qvadoopev] There is.certainly reference to gidAn ‘here, whether : K
66 NOTES.
¢tadXew be or be not etymologically connected with that word. Nor is the sense of this word (only found in the future tense, and _in this passage and Vesp. 1348) doubtful: ‘ to begin, to take in hand.’ Bentley identifies it with épiadAw-émidAdw from él, iédAdkw. It should then be written here ¢opyw ’pradoiuev, and in Vesp. 1848 oud’. épiadeis, But Aristophanes has the compound éradw@ in Nub. 1299; is it then likely he would have another form of the same with the aspirate ¢ for a?
435, viv viv ajuépav] In allusion (the Scholiast says) to the words of Melesippus when on the frontier of Attica at the commencement of the Peloponnesian war: ide 4j ajuépa tois “EhAyot peyddwy xaxdv dpEer, Thue, 1. 13,
440. oxadsvovr’ dv0p.] With.a view to roasting &c. Cf. Ach, 1014 +6 wip tmrockddeve, while some thrushes are being roasted. Or (as the Scholiast suggests) acorns and the like might be roasted in the coals.
443, ix rdv ddexpdvav] “ Picking out spearheads from his funny- bones.” Rogers. Richter makes Trygaeus begin these imprecations, Goris—PovbArAeTaL, Kel TIs—padxats, Ket TIs—payxwv, Kel TLs—TapecKEVac- pévos, the Chorus in each case concluding and stating. the punishment. And the Scholiast certainly read it thus; 60 mpdowra tTaité pyow, dv 6 piv ebyetat, & 68 -Erepos dxddovOa TH evyxi KaTapumevos héyet. But the common text is well enough. Trygaeus and the Chorus have alternate imprecations of three lines each.
447. dopv—és «, 7. A.] Later on in the play, the weapon-sellers come in, with complaints that their wares are unsaleable.
450—451. orparnysiv—attopuorsiv] The Scholiast refers these charges to Alcibiades. Probably they are meant generally. Cf. Note on v. 295, The readiness of slaves to-run away is well illustrated from Nub. 7, where it is one of the evils of war that you cannot punish a slave for. fear of his running away.
453. 1juiv] Meineke gives this line to Trygaeus, the next to-the Chorus, Trygaeus then coming in with vv. 455, 6..
‘454, mwatew] A play on ray and raie,
456. ‘Epuy] Hermes is put first, as chief cause of the recovery of Peace. Schol.
457, ’Evvadiw] Distinct from Ares here: sometimes ‘they seem to be identified.
458. vndrewe—xataye] It'is plain from these words, and from ¢£ap- Topal, éreutingw at v. 470, that, though the goddess had to be raised up, the ropes must have passed over a pulley, or something of the sort, to alter the direction of pulling, so that the workmen hauled downwards with the advantage of their weight.
465. dyKddXec0’] ‘you make a show, fuss:’ érepsidecbe piv TH cxowiw, mpoototovmevor EAxetv, ovX EAxeve 6é. Schol. The verb is from éy«os in the sense of ‘importance, pretence of great things.’ dyxos is frequently used for ‘turgidity &c.’ in language, ‘ vox et praeterea nihil.’
ot Bowrot] The Boeotians would not vote for the peace of Nicias: ef, Thue. v. 17.
469. opw] Hermes and Trygaeus, There are various ways of read-
NOTES. 67
ing this line. It had to be corrected from the MS. 4AN’ dyetov Euvéd- ketov kai ops to correspond with vy. 496. A dactyl is wanting for the metre. ‘
470—71. Trygaeus replies that he is hanging on and straining with all his weight and efforts.
474, popudvos] Just as in Ach, 582, for ‘yopyévos, the device on La- machus’ shield : cf. Ach, 1095 ob ,evadiy ereypd pou Thy yopyova.
475. ‘Apyeior] The Argives-stood neutral: cf. Thue. 11. 9, and v. 28, of re ’Apysio dpiota toxov, Trois waow, ov Evvapdmevor Tov ’AtTiKod Toéuou, duorépors dé pdAdov Evorovdct dvTEs ExxapTucduevot, The Scholiast quotes also of the Argives, from Pherecrates’ Deserters, oboe yap imiv of Kaxdés droNotpevor érrauorepifova’ guoday Kabrjmevor, Bergler well compares Dem. ce. Timocr. 739, where a law is mentioned enforcing heavy penalties, ¢év tis déyolev proboops.
479, Zxovrar ros EvAov] Widely different explanations are given of this phrase. Paulmier, followed by most editors, explains it of those who have to do with wood; namely the makers of agricultural imple- ments. 6 xaAxevs then is the maker of warlike weapons. But this isa curious, not to say impossible, division. There is metal in many hus- bandmen’s implements, and wood. in warlike weapons. Nor is it a division which applies specially to the Lacedaemonians. The Scholiast refers {vou to the pillory in the prison (a common sense of the word in Aristophanes), but’ does not make it quite plain.how he understands bc0r éxovtat rob EvAov, Florens Chr., following his lead, seems to interpret éxovrat tod Es\ov ‘are made fast in the pillory.’ This is justly impugned as a bad translation Zxovra: 74 &. might mean this; ‘but the genitive cannot be so rendered. But the Scholiast is not charge- able with this blunder. He simply quotes Thucydides (v. 15, and else- where) to prove that the recovery of the prisoners was the chief aim of the Lacedaemonians. Now Thucydides says (v. 15) that these prisoners were of the highest class and noblest families ; and the Scholiast adds pédtota O€ of Téy Sedenévwy ouyyevers eviryov Kal éomovdafov ws dv elorjun yévnta:, Is not this the Scholiast’s intended explanation of 8cor Exovrat, Tob. EdAov, ‘those who are connected with the prison- pillory,’ z.e. the kinsmen of the prisoners? And Aristophanes would be likely to mention this eagerness to recover the prisoners, to which Thucydides gives such prominence, It then remains to find what o xaAxevs means. ‘The Scholiast says ‘the prisoners-were bound and in fetters,’ thinking perhaps of £g. 469, ew) yap trois dedémévors Yadkeverar, To Cleon of course there can be no reference, for he was dead. Nor can it well mean anything else than some one Lacedaemonian, or some particular party of the Lacedaemonians, as opposed to dou aura, Hence it may be inferred that Aristophanes, having called the kinsmen and friends of the prisoners ‘ the relations of the pillory-wood,’ for the sake of the antithesis calls those who oppose peace (perhaps with special reference to some one opponent) ‘the brazen-fetter-forgers ;’ those who would still leave the prisoners in bonds.
481. Meyapis] The Megarians, though in great straits (as we have seen in the Acharnians, cf. v. 246), would not accede to the peace of Nicias, since Nisaea their port was to remain with the Athenians.
68 NOTES.
482, capxdfovres] droceanpéres wal dtavoiyovtes, Bomwep Kuvidia Bray Tpockimapy twa Kal dédxy ois ddotor, Schol. It seems to mean ‘ grinning or shewing their teeth’ in their hunger.
483. Aruod] Ch Ach, 751 mas txeve; M, dcavewdpes del x, 7.2, 491. dewév] Half an anapaestic line is lost here.
500—502. The Megarians are charged with, being the disturbers of Peace and occasion of War. Cf. Ach. 520—32. Again. at v. 609 of this play the ‘Megarian decree’ is the spark. whence the war is kindled. Garlic was a special produce of Megara. It.was used to prime fighting cocks; but 7jAcivare rather refers to the trainers’ ‘oil in the gymnasium: and ‘you anointed her with garlic’ seems to justify Bergler’s note * Loquitur de Pace tanquam,depuella delicata odorem allii aversante.”’ In fact Peace could not be spoken of as. a combatant sharpened for the contest, as the Scholiast suggests.
505. duxaere] It is not quite clear, how litigiousness among them- selves should hinder peace with Sparta, or. how attention to naval matters should further it; Yet there can be but one meaning of zpds tiv Qddarrav 6, ¥, Themistocles uttered the maxim dvbexréa 7793 Vadao- ons, and Aristophanes: more tham once enforces it (e.g. Eg, 1351). Attention to the sea might indeed prevent them from coveting inland possessions and so embroiling themselves with their neighbours; and this is how one Scholiast explains it. And the old sailor-like spirit, which Aristophanes would fain have revived, was opposed to the litigious temper then prevalent. Thus a giving up of the q@cAdd:xoyv would lead to a,devotion to 76. Qad\accoxparety ; and this: might find scope abroad without war of any consequence—of Greek against. Greek. Commerce too (as Richter says) is a result of naval power, and leads men to desire peace.
513, dob. ’orw].‘she is near,’ te. Peace. Cf. Eg. 245, ws duoi mpooxeévwv, and the note there.. Richter-says we might. supply 76 ede, ‘now we pull together.’’ Possibly so: but the tragic use of cuod (Soph, Antig. 1180, Padi. 1218), and such phrases as dudce lévar, £\Oeiv, confirm the rendering first given. And Thesm. 572, mwatcacbe Aodopotpevar, Kal yap yuu Tis nhiv éomovdakvia wpootpéxelt mply ov 6pob yevéc8at, ovyae’, makes for this. sense.
520—656. Peace is greeted with rejoicings: her blessings enlarged upon. Trygaeus and the Chorus are eaget to go to their farms and vineyards; but first they. ask Hermes to explain why the goddess left them for so long. Hermes gives a curious account of the causes of the war; it was stirred up, he says, for private ends by some few indi- viduals, and maintained by. those whom it profited, especially. by Cleon.
521. puprdupopov] With some reference to Botpudswpe, Peace being the filler of wine-jars; but meant to express great size. woAvumAnba. Schol. ‘a word huge as ten thousand hogsheads,’ jmupidugopos is a conjectural reading for pupopdpos in Thue. vir. 25, of a large ship. Tptxoivikov zros expresses a big word in Vesp. 481,
523, ’Oadpa] Opora and Theoria are presented as women. Peace was a colossal figure. Aristophanes (Schol. on Plat. Apol, 19) was ridiculed by Eupolis and Plato (the comic poet) for this production.
NOTES. 69
525, 100 xard tis kapdias] ‘Fragrance stealing over the heart’ is curious language. Cf. Vesp. 7, xara taiv xépai trvov ti KaTaXeltar yuxs, for the construction.
528, dorpateias] Here ‘freedom from service;’ in Eq. 443 it is ‘a shunning of service.’ The fragrance of Peace and her companions
may be contrasted with the savour of the mere temporary truce, Ach. 190—3,.
527. mwdv obv suorov x, y, o.] ‘Is the fragrance like that of a knap- sack? The construction is hav 8morov Cer (ravtns) Kal yvdtouv; this impersonal use of éfe: being common, cf. v. 529, and Vesp. 1059, inariwy Ofnoer detidrnros, ‘Is there a like fragrance from her as from a knap- sack?’ The use of «al in such comparison is well known. Originally xal had its strict force in such phrases: Todto 8uoiov Kal éxeivo ‘this and that are like’=‘this is the same as that.’ Richter’s insertion on conjecture of-ouitov for 8uo.ov is truly astonishing. Hermes’ question is putin fun. ‘Not quite the odour of a knapsack, eh?’ Rogers.
' 528, d&mémrvo’],Parodied from the Telephus, with wiéxos for réxos,
529. kpoupvokeouypias] From xpéuuvov, d€0s, Zovyma, The vulg. kpopuvotupeypias should be from dfus, and géyua or something like it. The Scholiast gives épvy? as the last part.of the compound.
530, vodoxijs],‘ feasting of guests, open house.’ Cf. Her. vir. 119, és Umodoxas Tov oTpatou,
531. tpaywdav] tpvywddv Brunck, whom many here follow. He argues that, as particular tragedians are named afterwards, tpaywédv is tautological. One might reply that particular examples of something general come in well enough. And perhaps the Athenians associated tragedies more with mirth and merriment than we do. Indeed, for this and similar changes, the arguments just prove that the Greek writer might have written it so, not that he did,
531. xexdwv] Delicacies much prized at Athens: in Ach. 1007, 1011, Dicaeopolis is roasting them.
532. éavAXiwv], Euripides’ mind is abroad gathering érU\Nia Ach. 398: he reduces and trains tragedy éwvAXiows, Ran. 942.
534, dixavixwv] This word is well illustrated by Euripides’ own. boast of having instructed his countrymen in sharp practice, and by Dionysius’ comments upon this, Kan. 971—991. Cf. also Nud. 1172 tor the ‘negatious and contradictious Attic temper’ produced in Phidip. pides by supposed. Euripidean schooling. And Quintilian (x. 1.) says ‘Illud quidem nemo-non fateatur: necesse est, iis qui se ad agendum., comparent utiliorem longe Euripidem fore. Namque is et in sermone magis accedit oratorio generi, et sententiis densus, --et in dicendo ac respondendo cuilibet eorum qui fuerunt in foro diserti comparandus.’
536, «édrov yuvarxwv) ‘* Full-bosomed matrons hurrying to the. farm.” Rogers. wodNé«es év eipyvy vad xodamous pépoual vt, kal madi lyyuns ovons ai yuvaixes ddews eis Tous dypods eEépxovrar Kal avQoro~. yoo. Schol. But it is not quite plain why the «dAos of bustling women should be specially mentioned. Meincke punctuates after Kod- aov, but rather approves of Hamaker’s conjecture kwpov. Reiske pro-
’ i
70 NOTES.
posed xtuov, surely a curious word for this place. If conjecture be advisable, xapwod might do: fruits or corn-crops belong naturally to the blessings of peace. We should then have the vintage, flocks, corn;' followed by the details of bustling farm life and festivity.
els dypov] els imvev vulg. The Rav. and Ven. MSS. have aypdv, diatp, eis imvév would describe the hurrying about in-doors, to the kitchen (cf. Vesp. 837), busied with cookery.
541, vrwmriacnéva] Ta Uren ict Und tTév dpiwy Ta OyKdpaTa kal kpotopata dep Kopdvkas gaciv, Schol. They are bruised and knocked about from the late war.
542. xuvd0ois mpocneipevar] To reduce the swelling. Cf. Lys. 444, where the woman threatens the policeman, ‘If you lay but a. finger on me,’ KvaQov alrijces Taxa, you'll soon have a black eye of your own to provide for.’ «xué@ous is preferred by some. ‘‘ Correxit Cobetus,” Holden and Meineke say. But «vdJouvs stands printed in Bekker’s edition (1828), and is (acc. to Dind.) countenanced by MS. v. Either construction seems defensible. éaixeiuevos c. acc. is often found: while such phrases as éxnBdodos TéEotow eEnptnuévor (ABSch.), and lernpios «Adéoow é€eoreupévor (Soph.), support the dative. «vd0, mpocksipevar =txovoat xud¥ous mpocketmévous, keto0at and many of its compounds serve for the passive to t:Wéva: and compounds.
543—551. The craftsmen who profit by: peace or war are to. be known by their faces; the one overjoyed, the other in despair.
549. éoxtuddtcev| Cf, Ach, 444 pnuatiows cxipadiow, TH wow daxtirw ovvappydcas Tov péyav TANEaS epuBpiver. Schol. A snap with the fingers seems meant: by way of chaffing or jeering. : :
550. dvecre] Cf. Ach. 11, Vesp. 1497, Av.-1076, 1084. And dxovere Aed is quite the herald’s phrase: cf. Av. 449, It is. regularly followed, as here, by the infinitive.
554. campas] A word applied to wine: ‘old, mellow, long kept.’ Peace had been stored away in the cave: whether it is implied that she was the better for keeping, is doubtful: but ‘ good old Peace’ seems meant. Below at v. 698 yépwv wv «al campos is said of Sophocles, but rather in pity.
557, mpocemetv] Cf. Eg. 806,. cal. oreupidw és Adyov EOn,
559. woAkoorw xpdvw] Cf. Dem. ¢ Timocr. p. 761, ote yap 7d Ta touTwy wokAocT@ xXpdvw ports adkovras, év tpioly éLeheyyxVévTas dixa- otnpios, katatiévar, TOUP Hirytiow TO dra waécxew elvut, also c. Eubul. p. 1304. Thetime really was about ten years from the actual com- mencement of the war and distresses to Attica in B.c. 431. Cf. Ach. 266, 890, in which last passage Dicaeopolis (speaking B.c. 425) salutes the Copaic eel. ijkovoay Exrw pddus rer motoumevgu,
661. ‘yopydvas] Shields such as that of Lamachus with its devices of a Gorgon. s
562. Actapytoipmev] Cf. Nub, 1253, dwodrtapyieis, The meaning is plain, the derivation doubtful.
562. Ta xwpia] Cf. below vv. 1146, 1148, and note on Ach. 229.
NOTES. 71
565. yopyov] ‘Various unauthorized meanings are given by old lexi- cographers and commentators to yopyov here: ‘active, swift, hard, bright, -well-grown.’ It is better to take Wowep mw, x. 7, (which after all is an intentionally ridiculous comparison) as referring to the wuxvorns and otigos of the departing company; and to take yopyé» in its usual sense. They might look ‘fierce’ or ‘stern’ as meaning serious work and business ; or perhaps with some remembrance of war’s long troubles : which may be what the Scholiast intends by éarel dtd wodAod eEidvTes Zomevdov, ;
567. Opivaxes| Cf. Nic. Ther. 113, 4 67av abadéou Bépeos peQ’ ddwia tpya Cwodpevos Opivats Baby dtaxpivear dvtAov, The Scholiast here says Ta wria, épyadsiov @ droxwpifove. Tay oreppdtwv Ta dxupa, Brunck scouts the notion of the winnowing fan shining in the sun, or being useful for vines and figs, and renders it ‘three-pronged forks.’ But these countrymen might carry tools for harvest or barn-work as well: indeed the passage in Nicander proves beyond a doubt that the use of the Opivaé was to clear the grain, to part the chaff from it as it lay ina heap on the floor. L. and S. says that this was done with a three-pronged fork. Would this not be rather an inconvenient instru- ment ?-and is' there any passage where the separation of grain from chaff (cf. Hom, Z/. v. 588) is described as effected by anything but the wrvov > It remains doubtful, supposing Opivak = wrvov, what is the etymology of the word; and‘é:acTik oto: rather makes for Opivat = tpiawa, But Nicander and the Scholiast confirm each other, and are evidence not entirely outweighed by Hesychius’ and Photius’ epyaAtov ddovti«dv, and wtvov 4 Tpiawa,
568. 7 Kakds—pertdpxiov] * Truly their vine-rows will come off well.’ Richter need not have questioned dwad\q£erev intransitive. Of the pres. act. so used instances are Aisch. Ag. 1288, Plat. Rep. 494, D. Of the 1st aor. Herod. 1. 16. petopxtov is the ‘interordinium’ of Colu- mella; the space between the éexoe or rows of vines, as peraiypcov is the space between armies.
570. dud xpdvov] As in Vesp, 1252, 1476. Trygaeus’ wish to get to his farm and hoe up his bit of land with the three-pronged fork rather favours: OptvaE = tpiava,
577. iwvids] lwvid Néyerar 7) puteia tdv iwv, ws ij THY pddwy podwrid, Schol. The corresponding Latin words are ‘violarium, rosarium.’ The violet was the favourite flower of Athens: cf. Ach. 637, Eg. 1323 for loorépavos. Olives were another boast of the city.
582. xalpe xaip’] Bergk and Richter read this line x. x. ws dopé- votow WAbes & piitatn, Cf. note at v. 346.
586—590. Various are the arrangements of these lines, Dindorf supposes part of the trochaic lost before pdvy yap..wpédes: then a short line lost corresponding to v. 351, dAN’ dwadov av p’ tdors, Richter repeats the trochaic line xaipe—@iAtdrn before 1joGa yap, and by slight changes makes the rest correspond, Meineke, though he ‘marks this system as antistrophic to 346—360, does not make the two agree closely. Dindorf suggests, for his lacuna before mdéow, wavtu maptxove’ ayabd,
72 NOTES.
593, xdddwava] Cf. Virgil’s ‘dapibus mensas onerabat inemtis’ of the Corycian old man: and the same phrase in Hor. Epod, 2, 48.
594, xiépa] Cf. Eg. 806, where yidpa gayeiv is to set: Demus’ courage up again, and enable him to cope with Cleon.
601. ddd wot x, 7, A.j They turn to Hermes for an explanation of the absence of Peace. With this account of the causes of the Pelo- ponnesian war may be-compared that which is put in the mouth of Dicaeopolis Ach,'515—539. Neither should be criticized by a strict standard of historical.accuracy: but both no doubt represent fairly the opinion of a considerable party in Athens.
603. coputator] ‘Diodorus quotes this line with AumEepvAges for copuitator, confusing it with a line used both in Archilochus and Cratinus é Aur, modivar x. tT. A, But this gives little reason for chang- ing co. to Arepvqres here. For why should the yewpyol now be termed ‘forlorn
605. @ecdias] Phidias was charged with subtracting some of the gold entrusted to him for the statue-of Athene. This charge (acc. to Plutarch) he disproved by removing and weighing the gold; for, by Pericles’ advice, he had made it removable (cf. Thuc. 11. 13). But, on a further charge of introducing among the figures on the shield like- nesses ef, himself and Pericles, he was condemned, imprisoned, and died in prison. The Scholiast, however, says he was exiled for the first charge, and that Pericles, as having superintended the work and been privy to the theft, feared for himself. That all this (whatever be the correct version) had any real connexion with the Megarian decree ’ and the war, we shall hardly believe if we look to Thucydides’ character. ot Pericles [11. 65) as xpnuaTwy dtapavds ddwpétaros, and to the real moving causes of the war. Thuc..1. 23. But a comic poet is not to be too strictly brought to account: and there-were probably reports and opinions unfavourable to Pericles, which Aristophanes chooses to follow. s
609. ‘Meyapixov W.] The decree against Megara was really and truly the immediate occasion of war. Cf. Thuc..1. 189, where it is dis- tinctly stated by the Lacedaemonian embassy that the rescinding of the Megarian decree-would avert war. Cf. Ach 532—587 for this decree, excluding: the Megarians from Athenian markets.
610, «amv: daxpica:] Smoke brings tears into the eyes. Cf Lys. 295, lov:io’ rod Katvot, ws Sevdv,, THPOarps Sdxver,
610.. xdEepdonoev] * And therefrom he blew up:’ conflare in Latin is similarly used.
. 614, dkovo’] Vulg. tixovc’,.The Rav. MS. has dkove.’ If we read ds ixovoe, eopnoey aamedos kal aifos dvtehaxricev, a conjunction with ob«ére is wanted, e.g. kovKer’ qv or o0d-ér’ Ww. The general sense, with our text, is ‘ When once the noise began, there was no stopping it.’
615. wpoarxo:] * was related to Phidias, was one of his belongings: there is a play on the ambiguity of the word, which might mean either ‘to have to do with’ or ‘to be related, akin to.’ He then goes on ‘that then is why she was so comely, being his kinswoman,’
‘ NOTES. 73
618. woddd +’ tiuds NavOdver] ‘what hosts of things escape us!’ Cf. Ach. 990, ws Kaév zxovca té mpdcwrov dp ’éddvOaves; which passage perhaps moved Cobet to read awéAX’ dp’ here: needlessly, as it seems ; for the emphasizing ye with woA\d is natural, and the surprise has been expressed by dpa in the line above.
619—-627. The subject states saw you and the Lacedaemonians quarrelling, and so, hoping to escape paying their tribute to you (which in war would be even heavier) they intrigued with and bribed the grandees of Sparta. These indeed gained, but the farmers lost.
621. dpous] Athens had quietly, since the Persian war, turned their tyeuovia into an dpx%, and now had states Uorteheis pépov. See the account of the Congresses at Sparta, Thuc. 1. 68—88, and 1. 120—124. In the first. congress the whole speech of the Athenians is an ingenious attempt to mislead their audience by jconfusing iyeuovie and dpyn. But, to a Greek, yeuovevee primus iriter parés: dexee superior inter inferiores,
623. aloxpoxepdeis] A fault often chargéd on the Lacedaemonians : & pitoxpnpatia Swéptay 6dzi GAO O& ovddv was an old oracle. And in Eur, Andr, 445—452 they are assailed with reproachful epithets, of which aloypoxepéeis is one.
OrecpwydEevor] The Eevndactac of Sparta are well known. Perhaps deceit and double-dealing towards these very foreign states, whom they pretended to befriend, is here meant.
625. taxeivwy] sc. THv peyiotwy, The gains of the chief men who took these bribes were loss to the country people.
626, dvritinwpotpevar] Cf, Thuc. 1. 148, fv ert rh» ydpav tua weGh iwow, qmeis él viv éxeivwy wrevoovucba, And this system was effectually carried out by descents on the Laconian coasts.
628. piv ovv] ‘Nay, rather:’ this contradicts ovdév aitiwy of the last line.
628. Kxopwvewv] Cf. Ach. 802 for the similar form PiBddews., This kind of fig was named from its dark colour. The anger of the Athenian countrymen at their losses by the Peloponnesian invasions was very bitter. Cf. Ach. 188, & prapdtate, oovdas pépers Tay aumediwv tTetunuévov ; and 512, cduol yap éotiy duméhia Kxexoupéve. The Athe- nians had never, since the Persian war, seen their land so treated. Thue. i. 21. a
631, ¢£uédepvor] Porson and Elmsley think it should be éxuédepvov, after the analogy of éxAe0pos, Kupédnv] eldos dyvyelou dextixoy mupdv 7 «ptOev, Schol.
632. «dra & ws x, tT. A,] The interruptions of Trygaeus and the
‘ Chorus have described the evils of the invasion of Attica. Hermes therefore goes on to show how the rural population were driven into the city of Athens, and deceived by their orators, just as the Laconian farmers were. ¢Advavev is av. 1., but surely not so good, for ¢uavlavev, For the sense is; ‘they did not see that they were fooled, but expected the orators to help them in their distress. These, to curry fayour,
L
74 NOTES.
sacrificed innocent victims to the popular clamour. Then these poor wretches in turn bribed the orators, who thus got rich every way, while Greece was desolated.’ The ‘being bought and sold’ (76 wwAcic@ar) is explained by what comes afterwards.
EvvadOev] The distresses of this gathering are well described in Eg. 792—794, see the note there. The crowded state of the city soon brought on the plague.
634. wy dvev y.] Deprived of the blessings of the country, the simple folk looked to the wiser heads to help them,
637. duxpois kexpdypacw] ‘To pitchfork out,’ Lat. ‘expellere furea’ seems to have been proverbial. The combination however é:xp. «, is bold. Rogers translates “ Straight they pitch-forked out the goddess, scouting her with yells and cries.”
638, abdviv] ‘of herself, freely.’ Bentley proposed etn, 639. Zoeov | Cf, Eg. 840, ceiwy re xal TapaTTwy, maxzis] Cf, Vesp. 288 and Eg. 1139. The word must have been in
common use in this, sense of ‘ substantial, wealthy,’ for we find it in prose. Herod. v. 30, 77.
640. aitvias dv wmpooriGévtes] Evidently = «ai aitias dv mpoceribouv,
ws povoi] ppovet some read. Hither mood is defensible. For ‘ favouring Brasidas,’ cf. Vesp. 473, Evvw» Bpacida, :
643, diaBdAor] Instead of tapaBddou, as in the case of food, dtaBddor is substituted. Schol. The state would gladly swallow any slanderous tales thrown to her.
646, dv..dév] Cf, note on Nub. 783.
648, Bupcomédns] Without def. article, to mark contempt: ‘a tanner !’
650. ods] Sr xOdvi0s 6 ‘Epuss. Schol. Cf. Asch. Choeph. 1 ‘Eputi x8éve, He is now yours, do not speak ill of your own.
654, KkixnOpov «x, 7.] Cf. note on v. 266. Cleon was an instrument. or ladle for stirring up and troubling.
656. rods ceavrod] It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.
657—728. The goddess has hitherto been silent: but now, with Hermes for interpreter, a conversation is carried on. Questions are put about what has happened since Peace last appeared. ‘I'rygaeus gives the latest intelligence, political and poetical. The attendants of the goddess, Opora and Theoria, are to accompany Trygaeus to Earth; one tor himself, one for the Council. So he prepares to go, but, as his beetle has taken service with Zeus, he gets down by another way.
657. ciwrds] cwpdv yap slodye: +6 mpdcwrov, Schol. It was in fact, as we have seen above, an image: the head of which, at all events, must have been close to Hermes on the upper stage upon which this scene goes on.
660. 1) 6’ d\Aa] Cf. Ach, 191 ot & add cacdi tas dexérers yetoat
NOTES, 75
AaBwv, And Nub, 1364, 1369 are similar: cf note there. ‘ Well, then, let her at least speak to you.” Hence Meineke’s acceptance (Vind.) of oid’ add, from a conjecture, is clearly wrong.
uixpov el@érw] ‘let her speak low,’ speak small, as Quince terms it. ‘Y’ll speak in a monstrous little voice’ says Bottom, in the same scene. (Midsummer Night’s Dream,1.1.) *
663. sieve dxovw] Hermes pretends to hear the goddess whisper, and reports her words.
665, éMotca,.uera tTav 7H IvAw] See the notes and references above at vy. 216, 217. avroudtn here explains paveicay aitiv in v. 638.
667. tpls] Perhaps more than thrice ; for Thucydides says woAXdais ortwvtwy avtovs dmrpaktous awéweutrov, iy. 41.
669. é tois oxdteow] The chief reference is to Cleon’s trade as a tanner: the next to shields, which were made of hides. Thus it means ‘our minds were in bondage to Cleon and to war.’ That Cleon was violent against peace we know from Thucydides. Cf. Eg. 795, ’Apyer- Ttoréwou 68 pépovtos tiv sipyuny éEeckédacas, Tas mpecBelas tr’ awedav- ves éx THs woAcws pabamvyi{wy at tds omovdas mpoxadoivtar. The phrase oxity BAzmew, Vesp. 643, seems quite different: but the Scholiast and some commentators connect that with this. :
670—678, Cleonymus the runaway is the best friend of peace.
678, dmoBodrmatos] With a play on tmoPodtuaios, ‘a supposititious child.’ It is not known who was Cleonymus’ father. Possibly a brave man, of whom Cleonymus was in the habit of boasting. At least this would improve the point of the joke.
680. Tov Nifov] Cf, Ach. 683, TH AlOw mpocéctauev, Wordsworth (Athens and Attica, ch. x.) well describes the Pnyx. <A prominent piece of rock formed a pulpit for the Athenian orators.
681, “YarépBodos] Often mentioned by Aristophanes. Thucydides (vi1. 73) styles him poxtnpdv dv8pwrov, when mentioning his death at Samos, whither he had gone when ostracized. This phrase curiously agrees with Eg. 1304, évdpa poxOnpov wodityy ofivny ‘Yaépodov,
684. apoordtny] ‘a leader:’ but at Athens pitoixos éreypdqero ampootatny, every resident alien had to enrol himself under a patron: ef, Ach, 1095.
685—692. The people will give him up: he was but a temporary make-shift. Yet his candle-making craft was a warrant for some enlightenment.
693. mpds Avxvov] Hyperbolus being ‘the man from the candle- market, the man of candles’ ovx twv Avxvwv, Nub. 1065. Cratinus in his Pytine says ‘YaepBohov 8’ dwooBéoas év ois Abyvoror ypdwov,
695, Lopoxdens] Sophocles was now about seventy-four years old. The charge of avarice here brought against him. is not confirmed by other authority, Aristophanes himself has nothing but praise for Sophocles
76 NOTES.
in the Frogs. The moneysmaking fit was perhaps temporary. Simo- nides’ avarice seems well established, being mentioned by Aristotle, Rhet, 11. 2.
698. campds] Cf. note on v. 554. As Sophocles was rather given to social and convivial pleasures, an epithet of wine suits him well. Rogers translates ‘sordid:’ a questionable rendering. ‘Old and so falling to pieces’ it may mean. Butit is very doubtful whether a serious re- proach on Sophocles is intended. Perhaps some little money-making transaction, quite innocent if rightly understood, gave occasion fora playful accusation.
699, él pumds] There was a proverb Ozoi Ozdovtos xdv éml pimds mhéots,
701, 60’ of Adkwves évéBadov] What Laconian invasion this was is . uncertain, There had been (as far as we know from Thucydides) no invasion of Attica since Cratinus’ Pytine, which was written in the year after Aristophanes’ Knights. Perhaps the whole account of his death is to be considered a comic fiction. Rogers thinks that even the fact that he was dead cannot with certainty be inferred. And the Scholiast on Av, 521 speak of him as living at a later date. He is said to have been ninety-seven at his death, but of his birth we cannot fix the time, ex- cept by counting back from these Aristophanic notices. His well-known character as ‘vinosus’ suggested the manner of his decease. Cf. Eg. 626—536.
702. wpaxidcas] Arwouyxicas, Schol. He fainted right away at seeing the waste of good liquor.
706. ’Orwpav), Tpvyatos (grape-gatherer) is to marry ’Owpa (vint- agé). The Council is to take Oewpia, because it had the sending out of Ozwpoi,
716. popicet] Cf. Ach. 278, Eg. 360. Vulg. podpress in all these three passages. Trygaeus is to have a three days’ feasting: timepiv tpisv Cwuov being a sort of contrast to the citi’ sjuepav tpiwy (v. 312) of military life.
719. wéuvnod pov] This from a servant now-a-days would suggest a fee. Nor was Hermes above such gratuities. Cf. above v. 191.
722, vp’ Eppar’) A line from the Bellerophon of Euripides.
dorparnpopei] The beetle is now at all events proving his title as belonging to Zevs xataiBdrns: ef. above v. 42.
726, nd) wap’ avriv, 7. 0.) Trygaeus was to make his way down close by the goddess herself; that is to say probably by the same way whereby Peace and her attendants came up from the mouth of the cave. Rogers supposes that there was a hidden staircase conducting to the upper stage, The expressions here certainly imply that Peace, Opora, and Theoria, were up aloft with Hermes and Trygaeus.
729—817. In the Parabasis the Chorus claim honour for their poet for departing from the scurrilous jests and vulgarities of others, and flying at nobler game, such as Cleon, For this he deserves the prize: while such dances as those of Carcinus and his sons, and the poetry of Morsimus and Melanthius, are contemptible, and quite unfit for the Dionysian holiday.
NOTES. 77
r
729, rdde ta cxedn] The spades and ropes. yuuvdy yap rotodow of Kwpixol tTé6v xopdv del iva spxntat. Schol, ‘That is to say, free from all encumbrances, In Ach, 627, droduvtes is used: which may mean throwing off some part of the dress; or perhaps no more than getting rid of their coal-baskets, &c. Cobet’s trjvde oxevqy daodivtes here is quite needless.
ty 730, d@uev] Meineke reads @auev to avoid tautology. with mapa- OVTES,
733. tiv..2xee] This verse is unsatisfactory both in metre and sense: ‘but mending it would be pure conjecture, for we do not know whether. it was meant to be anapaestic, trochaic, or neither. The ‘commation’ of the Wasps is of mixed metre: but the Scholiast says this one is of five anapaestic lines.
734, paBdobxous] Cf, Thuc. v. 50 Aixas..umd trav paBdovxwy TANyas #A@Bev, for a breach of order.
735, aitév éazve.] Aristophanes praises himself, more or less, in the Parabases of all his first five plays.
736, «i & ov, x, 7. A.] From the elegies of Simonides: «i &’ dpa tinjoat, Oiyatep Ards, dotis dpiotos, Ojpov 'AOnvaiwy iLeréhecoa pdvos, The ‘ daughter of Zeus’ is Athene. :
739, dvtimddous] ‘rival poets’ as in Eg. 521, 6s wAciora yopay Tav. dvrimadXwov vikns ZoTnoe TpoTala,
740—747. In the opening scene of the Wasps, vv. 67—63, much the. same issaid of the poet. Aristophanes does not mean that he never: ridicules rags, never has a greedy Hercules &c.; but that these things. do not form the staple of his plays.
740. pO0zpoiv] Meineke reads Oepoly after the analogy of xepciv., The Scholiast selects Eupolis as particularly open to the charges in this. line.
741, ‘Hpax\éas] A hungry Hercules was common in comedy. In the Alcestis of Euripides Hercules is greedy enough: but comic writers. are rather meant here. Cratinus was guilty in this matter, says the Scholiast. ’
patrrovtas] mérTe 76 wore éoGieww, Schol. Only by implication :. he who kneads means to eat what he kneads, or perhaps steals it, if. kneading for another. Cf. above v.14 ovdels yap dv pain pe wdrrove’ Zotiew, The Boeotian in Act 872 is hailed 6 yaipe KoAdtxdpaye Bow- ridiov, and in Ran. 550 sqq. the Boeotian hero Hercules is charged with, the theft of sixteen loaves.
743, 744, The transposition of these two lines from the old order is an improvement. The words getyovtas x, T. A. suit the slaves better. than Hercules. The particulars no doubt refer to plays which the. audience would have fresh in their mind.
744—747, The beating scene was got up on purpose to bring in the ridiculous and high-flown language which passed for wit.
748. dptov] Cf, Vesp. 66 kwpwdias dé optixis copdtepov, and Plut. 796, recta xal tov poprov éExpvyouev dv, * Mere stuff,’ quantity. without quality the Attic writers call ddpros. ©
78 NOTES.
dyevvij]] On the contrary Aristophanes (Eg. 511) yevvaiws wpds tov Tupe yxwpet cai Try épiwAnv.
749. kdmipywo’ oixodousjoas] Aischylus is thus addressed in Ran, 1004, GX’ & mpwros Tév ‘EAAqvwv mupydoas pruata ceuvd, Cf, also Eq. 630, téxtoves evtrakduwy tuvwy, Milton’s phrase in Lycidas ‘to build the lofty rhyme’ may be added. We learn from the Scholiast that Pherecrates says of Auschylus doris y’ a’vois wapédwxe réxvny peyariy e€orcodourjoas,
751—759, These lines are repeated from the parabasis of the Wasps, with slight variations. Meineke makes some alterations here to bring this into close agreement with the earlier passage: which seems un- necessary. ‘
751, idwéras] ‘common men, men of no mark,’ Richter asks “nonne lé:drae. Euripides et Socrates?’ Certainly not, for Aristo- phanes is not thinking only of political office, magistracy, &c., when he opposes idiHra: to such as he attacks; but of public position and pro- minence in other ways: and such position Euripides and Socrates had.
dvpwrickxovs] Meineke is led by this word to substitute dvdpapios for dv@puirois in Vesp. 1029.
753, étaBas x, 7. X.] An addition to the passage as in the Wasps. é.aBas ‘having crossed’ as if a river or torrent. But in douds the Scholiast seems rightly to understand a reference to the cleansing of the Augean stables by Hercules.
BopBopoVipous] Cf. Eg. 309 BopBoporapak:, The Scholiast reads BapBapopuitous; and so do Meineke and Holden. The common reading follows well on é:aBds couds, and is applicable enough to Cleon: the other might be connected with Cleon’s description in the Knights as a Paphlagonian.
755. kal mpdétov piv pdyopar] Richter alters this to 67 ’uaxduny to suit the tense to éqexeipst
760. rdv d\XNwy v.] ‘the islands besides’ a frequent use of dAXos, Elmsley, on Soph. Old. Tyr. 7, quotes this instance, and Plat. Gorg. 473 C,
764. matp’ duidcas] Rogers aptly quotes from the prologue to Terence’s Aunuchus ‘ Si quisquam est, qui placere se studeat bonis Quam plurimis et minime multos ledere, In his poeta hic nomen profitetur suum.’ And he remarks that ‘‘the Prologue, both on the Roman and English stage, discharged an office not dissimilar to that of the Athenian Parabasis.””
767. padaxpoic:| Aristophanes appeals to the bald men, being him- self bald. Eupolis had mocked at bald men, and at Aristophanes’ baldness: cf, note on Nub, 540, ovd’ Eoxwa tots padraxpovs, Florens quotes from Plutarch, Symp. 11. 634, Tov Kwutk@v Evioe Thy mikplav dpaipety Soxolar TH oKwTTELv EavTOUS, ws’ AptoTtopauys sis THY Padax- poTnta kal tiv ayav oivouv diav, In Eg, 550, pardpds AadprovTe pe- twrw, there may be allusion to the poet's baldness.
770, xdari tpawé{n xal cuuw) Meineke proposes kav cvprocios, doubting the correctness of émi cupmocios, Yet, as he afterwards
“e@
NOTES, 79.
suggests, To. kal cuuw, may be ‘per notissimam figuram conjuncta ;’ and, if so, the same preposition may do for both: ‘At board and banquet.’ ‘
771, épe—cdds] Meineke objects to épe and des coming together, and wonders why nothing else but the sweetmeats is mentioned. He would like after pépe 7. p. to insert Tay dWapiwy.
774. dvdpes] Naumpov is taken by many editors, as countenanced by the Scholiast, and by Eg. 550. But ‘the man with the (high) forehead’ seems satisfactory. His baldness would make this conspicuous. dudpés will be emphatic ‘the manly fellow.’ Cf. Horace’s ‘ quorum comeedia prisca virorum est,’ said of Aristophanes and others.
775—795. Strophe, answered by 796—816, Epirrhema and Ante- pirrhema fail in this parabasis.
777. kdeiovca «x, 7, X.] ‘Quem virum aut heroa lyra vel acri Tibia sumis celebrare, Clio, Quem Deum?’ Hor.
781, Keépxivos] Carcinus and his sons are dealt with in the closing scene of the Wasps, vv. 1500—1515; where they perform a sort of ballet.
788. oéptvyas] Quails are quarrelsome and small: and so, it appears, were the sons of Carcinus. Tame quails were much kept at Athens.
yu\tabyevas] The yuduos is described as TAéypa otpatiwtixoy éwipn- kes, ToUTecTiv eis d€U Afyov, also as orevdctouov, Hence ‘ wallet- necked’ must mean ‘long-necked.’
790. «nxavodipas] Xenocles the son of Carcinus seems to have in- troduced in his plays machines and marvels (tepereias, probably such contrivances as are used in the comic and transformation scenes of our pantomimes). Plato Comicus in his Sophistae has the passage Zevdx\jjs 6 dwoexapnyavos, 6 Kapxivov mais tob Oadartiov, Schol. Their pn- xaval may have been contrivances,to help their evolutions in the ballet.
791, kal yap «. t. A.) Carcinus had written a play called The Mice: in it he had succeeded beyond his hopes, as he thought. But the audience did not agree with him. The fall of the play is jokingly attributed to the cat. Schol. Richter thinks the dramatist lost the play, and could not produce it when the day of rehearsal came. And certainly Tis éowépas ought to mean ‘last evening, the evening before:’ cf. below v. 1151. Indeed the meaning seems to be that Carcinus made a great boast of having spent much trouble and prepared a first-rate play, but when it came to the point, was ashamed or unable to pro- duce it, and then gave, or had given for him, the excuse of the cat having killed it. But perhaps the archon was the cat, and refused him a chorus, thus strangling his infant play. Cf. below note on v. 801. :
796. ro:dééde] Such as are mentioned in the beginning of the strophe. This passage is partly from the Orestea of Stesichorus. oiade xpi Xapitwv dapwpata Kaddixduov vuveiv Dpvytov péros eLevodvta, dBpws pos émepXonévev, and Stay pos wpa xelady Xeidwy, are the fragments as preserved in the Scholiast,
80 NOTES.
Sapsuata] In Plat. Pheaet. 161 dnpotcpa: is found. Cf. also énuiCew in Vesp. 697,
800. sowdé] neut. plur. as the metre shows: this line answering to v. 777 «rslovca Bewv Te yapous,
801, s{ouévn] Cp. Ran. 680, émiBpénerar OpyKia xeAdwv vmoBdpBapov éConévn KeAadov, whence éCouévy as the true reading here is confirmed. Not that any confirmation is needed: the swallow sings when ‘“ perched on trees or chimney tops,” as Gilbert White (Nat. Hist. of Selborne) remarks, and as is well known. Rogers quotes also from Chaucer, ‘ But of hire song it was as loud and yerne As any swalow sitting on a berne.’
xopev wh “xn] The archon had a power of selection, and only ‘allowed a chorus’ to the worthier plays. The Scholiast on Plat. Rep. 399 says rapa Tois’’AOnvaiois xopob étvyxavov Kkwuwdias Kal Tpaywoias mountal ob mavtes AAXN’ of eddoxipotvTes Kal dokimacbévres GEtot, Hence the suggested explanation of v. 791.
Mépotmuos| For Morsimus cf. Eg. 401, and ‘the note. Melanthius is attacked in Av. 151 and his gluttony is mentioned below at v. 1009. They may have been two brothers, as Richter thinks: but the Scholiast
considered Melanthius’ brother to be some unknown tragic writer.
810. Baridocxérot] It is plain from Vesp. 510, ovdé xalpw Batiow oud’ 2yxédeow, that these fish were a dainty. They were in season in winter, as we learn from a quotation from Archestratus in Athenaeus : kal Batis’ épOijy Eobe péicov yewdmvos ev Spy. ‘Prickly roach’ L, and 8. The non-prickly roach are not with us in much esteem for the table. ‘Perch,’ as prickly, might do for Batis, With the form fat:- ‘ doaxémot compare OuvvocKorety Eg, 313.
811. ypeaccdBa:] Frightening away the old women from the fish- market. Schol. By their appearance, which was Gorgonic, and harpy- like.
ix@vodtuar] Cf, Hor. Ep. 1. 15, 31, Pernicies et tempestas bara- thrumque macelli.
817—867. Trygaeus (being supposed to have effected his downward journey during the Parabasis) appears, and is greeted by his servant. He reports the difficulties of the way, that he only met two or three dithyrambic poets’ souls, and learnt the truth of the theory of human souls passing into stars after death, He produces the two women, and sends his own bride into the house, ordering preparations to be made for the wedding. Both he and the Chorus anticipate great enjoyment.
819. av &p’] Trygaeus found it a harder task than he expected. ev0v 7, 6, of course means ‘to the gods.’ But the aching legs were perhaps caused as much by the return journey,
821.’ pexpol] Cf. Shaksp. King Lear, 1v. 6. ‘The crows and choughs that wing the midway air show scarce so gross as beetles:..'lhe fisher- ‘men, that walk upon the beach, Appear like mice: -&e.’
822, xaxoyOers wavu] ‘A right sorry set’ they were at a distance, and a near approach does not make them any better.
824, ws eya x. +.] ‘So they tell me; it looks like it:’ in ridicule ‘of the unnecessary question.
NOTES, 81
825, vi 6’ ZraGes ;| The servant asks how he got on: he answers vather about his bodily wégos than the success of his journey.
828. el uw yé ov] This is an instance of ye immediately after ef uy: ef, note on v. 262. |
829, SibvpauPodidacxcduwr] Cf. Av. 1883, varo cot wrepwOels Bobdopar petapotos dvamtTomevos 2x Thy veekuv Kaas AaBeiv depodovytous Kal mepoBdrovs avaPortds, And in Nub, 333—338 these poets are said to get their nourishment from the clouds.
830. Evvedéyovr’ dv,| Cf, Ach. 398, where Euripides’ mind was abroad EFurArdeyow éwidrda. In music e@vaBoral are preludes, preliminary flourishes.. The dithyrambists’ ¢vaBodal were (Aristot. Rhet. 111. 9, 1) ae tN continuous, not in stanzas or strophes: probably nothing but.
ourish, :
832. evdcaeprarbepiwnxérovs] This compound is formed in ridicule of the dithyrambists. dspovnxeis in Nud. 337 leaves little doubt about what two of the elements of the word should be. The third part of the word is variously read -avept-, -avepi-, -aiOept-, -eapt-, Now -avepi- is bad for the sense; -avep:- (the reading of MSS. R. V. Meineke) is supposed AMolic for -cepr-, but that the same word would be repeated in different dialectic form in the same compound is unlikely. -acdepe- is Reisig’s; and evd:- for évdt- Bentley’s. By combining these we have a compound of which all the elements express airiness, lightness, &c. which seems what we want. The avafodat which the souls are gather- ing are gossamers as it were floating in the calm upper air. Cf. Virgil’s ‘nare per aestatem liquidam.’ The ai@ip is above the dip. The addi- tion of twwds gives vagueness: ‘those floating things, whatever they are.’ Cf, Soph. Cid. Tyr. 106 2auerédANe: capus tous avtovtas xziph TLbwpeEly TLVAS,
833. od« qv &p’] Then (if you met none but these souls) the common belief after all is wrong. «ard +. a, either with Aéyouc:, ‘about the air,’ though this would not bé an ordinary use of «card with accusative; or with jv ‘this was not the case in, or through, the air :’ which is pre- ferable. Cf. above v. 827.
834, wddtora] se. Zor ‘nay it is true.”
kal ris] ‘Pray then who is a star? give us a specimen.’ Upon which Ion is mentioned, a dithyrambic poet who had written an ode beginning, doiov depepoitav dorépa peivapev dediov eves wrepuyt mpd- éponov. lon probably died shortly before the date of this play. He is therefore given as an instance of a star, and it is added that he was called: the morning star, because of the first word of his ode. Meineke arranges this piece of dialogue differently.
837. wdvres] Meineke says “ Qui sint illi wavres, frustra querere allaboravi,’’ and would alter dorépa to dovépes ; needlessly,
839. Kadmevor] of omvOnpiGovres, of Kadotpevor Orgtrovres, Schol,
This last word is applied to them by Aristotle, Meteorolog. 1. 4.
841, Imvois] ots viv jas Aauwrhpas 4) davovs xadobpuev, Schol, Cf. Plut. 815 for iavds in this sense of ‘lantern.’
M
82 NOTES.
842. xoupidiov Aéxos] Homeric: xovpidin ddoxos is of frequent occurrence in Homer. 5
847, taita oi;] This line is variously corrected from the faulty MS. reading.
851. dye vuy iwuev] Trygaeus thinks he has wasted enough time, and proposes to go with Theoria to the Council. The servant breaks in with « question about Opora. This arrangement of the dialogue (Holden’s) is certainly an improvement.
Fy ae : ,
859. vi div’ eareddv] Very similar is the dialogue between the Chorus and Dicaeopolis in the Acharnians. 1008, CnAd oe tis evBovXias, x. 7. A, and 10L1, vi O47" éwerddy ras KixXas drtTwmévas ténTe 5
861. ai@us véos dv] Such rejuvenescence of the hero seems a favourite plan. Cf. Eg. 1321, 1336.
864, orpoBiiwv] ‘spinning-tops’ Cf. Vesp. 1517, tv’ 2p’ jovxtas iuav wodobev BepBixi{war éavtods, and 1530, BépnPrxes EyyevécOwv, The sons of Carcinus are called orpé@:Ao: from their rapid pirouettes, o7p0- Btdos is used of a top in Plat. Rep. 4386. Some think that these sons of Carcinus are called orpéBAoe from otpoBtdos a fir-cone, with reference to their figure.
866. 8xnaa «.] Note that éxnua is not used only for chariot. Schol. True: e.g. in Ran, 25, wus pépers yap, os y’ dxet; to Xanthias riding the ass. And above we have had ¢eifa: used of a rider, when Trygaeus was on the beetle.
868—921, The servant comes back, and reports all ready for the wedding. Trygaeus bethinks him that he has to hand over Theoria to the Councll; and, as he can trust no one else, does it himself. He delivers her over, describing at some length the enjoyments of Theoria in the sense of public spectacle,
869. mAakots-oncanA] Cf. Ach, 1092, duvdo, wAaKobvTes, onoapoiv- ves, ttpia when Dicaepolis is bidden to a feast, And in Av, 161 eating sesame is said to be ‘living bridegroom’s life.’ :
872. 'Bovdf te TavTni] ‘to the senate here.’ Trygaeus turns to- wards the senatorial benches, té BovAtutixdv, cf. Av. 794. But the reading is rather uncertain. The separation of r+ from dvicavte. is unusual, Meineke reads tavtyvi; giving it to the servant, is icf’ arn; was the old reading. tis avtni; Dind. in note to one edition.
881, detpo ot] To Theoria.
882. abrés is picov o’] és pécous avtovs yulg, avtovs és pécous R. V. avrds 2s péocovs Dind. Mein. Hold. The pronoun cz appears wanted: therefore I have ventured on pécov o° for mécous, And és sécov (abrdv) is quite as common a phrase as ¢s pécous (avtous),
883. ’Apippddns] Cf. Eg. 1281 ’Apeppadns srovapes,
886, oxein] mpos Thy Oewpiay Adyer pépovedy Twa eloyuyns Kal. yewpyias ciuBora, Schol.
900. tmaodpopiav] There were chariot races on the third day of the Apaturia, Schol. ‘The two following lines appear an imitation of
NOTES, 83
some tragic passage. Cf. Soph. El. 728, xdvredOev ddNos dAXov eE évds Kakou éOpave xdvémemte, wav 0’ éwiuwhato vavayiwy Kpicaiov t=. Tikedy aedov,
908, dX’ od dv x, r,X.] The prytanes had to introduce applicants to the Council; and were in the habit (it is hinted) of making some profit out of this. ; ;
909, éxexerpiay] The Prytanis would say éxeyetpia dori, ov duvducba onpepov mpocaye *’Tis holiday, we cannot introduce any one to-day.” But there is also reference mpés TO Uméxew tiv xXElpa tml Ta aftr, ef, Eq. 1083, éuBade wvAAg;, And for bréxew cf. Eccl. 820 brdyovtos dpte pou tTév BiAaKkov, The venality of the Prytanis is similarly alluded to in Thesm, 936, & mpitan, mpos Tijs deEvas Hurep pireis KoiAnv wporeivew apyvpiov tiv tis cide,
910—921. These correspond metrically to vv. 856—867. And in sense and spirit they are similar.
918, tpvydz’] Vintage will shew this still more plainly, says Try- gaeus ; to which the Chorus reply, «al viv ‘ Even now, &c.’
916. Aewacriv] eidos wornplov wet{ov Hf KALE. Schol. A large ‘ pint- stoup’ such as the Scotch pride themselves on.
918. d@£:0s] Dawes wished to read aitios here, as also in Ach, 633 gnoly 6° sivat wo\ddy dyabdy aELos Uulv 6 commis. Meineke takes Dawes’ alteration there, but not here. No change is needed. Instances of the construction are collected in an article on Dawes’ canons, in the Museum Criticum, vol. 1. p. 533.
922—1016. It is determined to inaugurate the worship of Peace with the sacrifice of asheep. Due preparations are made, and prayers ad- dressed to the goddess that a spirit of friendship may prevail through Greece, and that all the substantial blessings of peace may be granted.
923. xuTpats tdputéov] Cf. Plut. 1197, rés yvtpas als tov Oedv Upuvodpuecta, Pots of vegetables or pulse seem to have been commonly used as offerings at such inaugurations. The Scholiast quotes from Aristophanes’ Danaides waptipouar 6? Zyvds épxelov xoTpas me’ wv 6 Bwpos obros iputai wore. But sometimes more costly victims were offered. Vegetables, &c., were offered (ace. to the Scholiast) as a thank- offering for mankind’s primitive diet.
924, meupduevov] ‘fault-finding, grumbling.’ A paltry Hermes might be inaugurated with such common stuff, though even he would grumble thereat: but in honour of Peace, ‘and that she might be fully
satisfied, some nobler offering was needed. . :
925. apis] peyarw cal evtpadet. Schol. Cf. Av. 465, uéya wal Aapivev 2mos tt, The Scholiast’s derivation from a herdsman Larinus seems absurd. The derivation from'Aapds ‘sweet’ (L. and 8.) is, not quite satisfactory. ‘I'he other given by the Scholiast is that Aapwos = peyaddpwos. If so, the word might mean ‘ thick hided, tough :’ cf, radadpwes, The quantity. of the long « is in favour of this de-,
rivation. 926. BonOeiv] Rogers translates ‘‘ A bull? O, no! no need of bull-
works now.”
84 : NOTES.
928, Geoyévouvs] The Scholiast here gives a list of vices for Theogenes, to justify the charge of ‘swinishness:’ and says that he was not the same as Theagenes: but some MSS. have Oeayévous here. Cf. Vesp. 1188, Av, 822, 1127, 1295,
930. Iwv»ixov}] Pronounced in two syllables ct was Tonic. The Attie pronounciation was in one syllable. Rogers imitates the pun by ‘baalamb’ and ‘Bah! Bah!’ The exclamation od is to be made at the idea of war. They will be as gentle as lambs, having been.to their. allies before rather like wolves.
ye
931. éairndés y’ tv’ Star] Dindorf’s reading Xzywv introduces un- necessarily an anacoluthon., éaitndés y’ tv’ éav Kidd, followed by many. If-we follow the Rav. and Ven. MSS. in piju’ for paea y’ at the beginning of the line some insertion is necessary for the metre, and Meineke’s 6rav seems as good as any.
937. %c viv] To the servant, while he goes to the house door to provide an altar.
939. Qds] As Geds is not found in most MSS. and old editions, Hotibius suggested dc’ dv O2dy tTUxy KatTopOowv, The corresponding v. 1028 would then require no fillmg up. To vv. 939--955 answer 1023—-1038.
940. érepoy 6’ €.) One thing meets and fits in with another lackily.
942. ws tabTa wx, 7, A.] Trygaeus-steps out with the altar, having. found it at once. He just comes in time to hear what the Chorus say, and confirms it with ‘ As is plain in this, for even now I bring out the altar.”
943—946. Take advantage, say the Chorus, of the change in the wind.
944, coBapa} Cf. Nub. 406, pitas airas 2&w peperac (vemos) coBa~ pos did tiv muxvétnTa. It is applied to the inspiration of song in. Ach, 674. ‘ ;
945. perétpomos avpa] Bergler compares Eur. El. 1147, duoiPat Kakwy* peTatpoTto. Tvéovew abpar douwyv, The sense given to xavéxee. ‘stops, ceases,’ in L. and 8, and by others, seems doubtful. It is rather ‘prevails, holds’ a common sense in the phrase 6 Adyos xatéxe:, Trans~ late ‘ while the changed gale of war holds,’ ¢.e. while the gale of war no longer blows duwn upon us, blows war on our shores, Or the genitive. moXéuov may be explained as the genitive dcuwv in the passage of Euri- pides: ‘in respect of the house the gales have shifted:’ and so here,, ‘while, in respect of war, this change of wind holds; a change blowing war away from us, and not towards us.”
948. dAds x, 7. A.J All the well-known necessaries for a sacrifice., é\al are the Homeric ovAoxvTaz,
950, dpiddioecOov] Either to Trygaeus and the servant, or to the. two servants, if (as Richter thinks) two were concerned.
951. Xaipis] A Theban piper, painful to Athenian ears: ef. Ach. 16. The Boeotian who comes to market (Ach. 866) is followed by bag-. pipers whom Dicaeopolis calls Xatpidis BouBavdro1, and opijxes, Rogers.
NOTES. 8%
quotes from Plutarch’s Alcibiades c. 2 atAcirwoav OnBaiwv aaides ob yap icact Néyerv, The non-appreciation of the Highland bag-pipes by Southrons is analogous to this contempt for the Theban music.
956, aye oi) x. Tt. A.) Cf. Av, 850, mai, wat to Kavoiy aipecQe xal Tia XépuBa.
959. éuBayw)}. A flaming brand: was dipped in: the water, ca8aprixcy. yap wévrwy té wip. Schol. Cf. Eur. Here. Fur, 923 péddNwv 62 daddy xetpl dsEra pepe els yepuip’ ws Paerev ’AXxurvns réKos, And Hesy- chius says, év Tals lepomotiars elwace tov Sadov éuBahrew els Thy xépuiBa Kal wepippaivery Tov Bwudv,
960. csiov ot] To the victim: for it was thought a good omen that it should shake its head. Schol. The cu 6é zp, is to the servant.
961, tavbryv] The bason of lustral water.
966. yuvaixés y’] It is not quite a settled question whether women were or were not ever spectators. Richter thinks they were. This passage seems to indicate that they were ;.for if not, Trygaeus’ remark. ovx ai y. €\aBov is rather meaningless.
968. tis tHde] From the Scholiast we learn that this was a regular question asked before prayer: and answered by woddol xdyaGot Try- gaeus looking around pretends to wonder where the ‘ many good’ are.
969, vroodi] The Chorus, says the Scholiast: and most editors assent. Brunck says it means the spectators, There is certainly more fun in supposing Trygaeus to: doubt. whether the spectators are dyaGol than whcther the choreutae are. Cf. Nub. 1096—1100 where the majo- rity among the spectators is said to be of the other sort. By pépe dw it jg not clear what it meant. The spectators were already sprinkled with barley. If it means ‘let me give them a sprinkling of water,’ he must aceompany the word with the act, and then say ‘ why are they not good. fellows, to take it so good naturedly ch
981. wapaxdiveca] Cf. Herod. 111. 156, cal ddiyov te wapaxNivavtes rhy erépnv amuAnv sipwteoy tis te ein Kal 6rev Sedmevos ixot, And for the genitive avAcias (Ovpas) ef, above v. 30 mapoi£as ris Oupas.
*
982. rapaximrovat | Cf note on Vesp. 178. &« @upidos wapaximrew in Thesm. 797 is aclose parallel to this passage.
986, Tovtwy x. 7. .], Do not you play fast and loose with us in this way: but let your stay with us be decided and permanent. No half peace was wanted: no.temporary truce, soon to be broken, and occupied: with preparations for fresh war. Cf, Ach. 188—193, where all such treaties are rejected.
990. tpia «al déx’ 27m] Reckoned from the beginning of the Corey- raecan troubles in B.c. 434, These led on to the war; and Trygaeus here naturally makes out the time of Peace’s absence as long as possible. It was this line that led Paulmier to date the Peace three years later than the accepted date.
991. Kxopxopuyas] In Lys. 491, del rive KopKopuy iy éxtxwy is similax, Cf, isch; Sept. c. Theb. 845, xopkopuyal &’ dv’ doru,
86 ; NOTES.
992, Avotuéynv] The similar compound Aveterpérn gives a name to aplay. Cf. Lys. 554, where the heroine says ‘if we succeed olyai rote Avowdxas tjuds gv trois “EXAnot wadziobat,”
993. Uovolas] ‘suspicions’ of each other’s honesty, that is; dis- trust of proposals for peace from a subtle idea that something more is meant than is said. In the Melian controversy (Thue. v. 87) the use is similar: l wév tolvuy varovolas Twv jrehdcvtTwy Aoytobmevor 7} adAO ve Evuywere i} éx THY wapdvTwy Kal by dpdte wepl cwrnpias BovAEtcov- ves TH Toke, Tavoiuel’ ay,
998. gidtas xvAd] “the elixir of love’ Rogers. The xvAds is meant to be an essence or juice which causes Greek to combine har- moniously with Greek. And to temper the harshness of the compound cvyyvw~n ‘mutual forbearance’ is to be added.
1000, guaAnoOjvac] Supply dds: ‘Grant that our market be filled.’
1000. cxopddwy «, 7, X.] Garlic was a prodution of Megara, so were cucumbers, says the Scholiast, and cloaks (cf. Ach. 519), and probably the other fruits here mentioned. This makes Hamaker’s "x Meyépwy for peyédwy a plausible conjecture: but “fine large garlic- heads’ is good enough sense. Some punctuate after peydrwv,
1004. xfvas x. tT. X.] There is 2 more complete list of Boeotian good things in Ach, 874—880, ad77ra are the only things mentioned here and not there.
tpoxitovs] As was noted on Ach. 875, this is some bird of the sand- piper or plover kind.
1005. Kwad¢éwv] For Copaic eels cf. Ach. 880, 883, 889. Athenaeus preserves many passages in praise of them from the comic poets,
1008. Mopéxw] Morychus’ love for eels is specially noted in Ach, 887, where the eel is addressed; 7AQes aolewvi) piv TpuywoiKois Xopois pidn 6: Moptxw. Glaucetes and Morychus are coupled by Plato Comicus. Cf. Thesm. 1082, GAN’ év auKvois Oecpotow éuTemeypevyn xyter Bopé TAavxéty mpdxetmat, which speaks for Glaucetes’ voracity. A. Teleas is mentioned in Av. 168, but perhaps not the same.
1012, g« Mnéeias] From his own Medea. What the exact fragment was, and how far Aristophanes has changed it, we cannot know.
1014. év teiTAo1ct] Besides Ach, 880, évterevthavwmévys, there are passages quoted by Athenaeus on this mode of serving up the eel. Eubulus in his Jon has al ve Atuvoowparor Bowrtiar wapioay éyyedes Geai TevTr’ apwexdpuevat, The word Aoyevopiévas ‘ embedded’ no doubt belongs to the tragic fragment. To address the Copaic eel as a lover would his mistress was quite correct: this we see from the passage in the Acharnians, vy. 883, mpécBetipa Tevtijxovta Kwaraddwy xopwv, Kk, T. A,
1017—1126. All being ready, the victim is slain, and the burning and roasting begins. Attracted by this Hierocles, a soothsayer, enters. He offers his advice, and raises objections ; quotes absurd oracles for- bidding Peace; but no attention is paid to him. At last he becomes so troublesome, wanting to share the feast, that he is driven away with a good beating.
NOTES. 87
_ 1018. ru} ré dof 3] A phrase repeated in Thesm,.84, Cf. Nub, 755, ori ti on; 1020. aixarobra:] The Scholiast says that at the feast of the
cvvotkéora (or cuvoixia, cf. Thuc. 1. 15) there was a bloodless sacrifice to Peace.
1022. xotrw «, 7, X.] And this saves the pocket of the choregus to , the extent of a sheep. Ofcourse this is said to the audience, to raise a laugh. The pretence of a sacrifice inside saved the expense of a real sacrifice as it must have been if on the stage. But some parts of a sheep must evidently have been provided for this scene.
1024. oxifas] Cf. Hom. Il, u. 462. xate 0’ el oyifns 6 yéowv.
1028. +i od ob op.) ‘And what wisdom have you not, that the clever and inventive man ought to have ?”
1030. sof] Two long syllables are wanted to satisfy the metre. Richter suggests deus,
1032. SriABidnv] Stilbides was a soothsayer of some note, who ac- companied the Athenian expedition to Sicily. Trygaeus calls himself a Stilbides. He had before claimed credit for arranging the wood quite like a professional soothsayer (uavtixws) ; and the Chorus allowed his cleverness. Now he says ‘at all events the wood burns and smokes well enough to choke your Stilbides.’ And he goes on to say that he shall manage the rest without needing help.
1088. iepav] Cf. Eg. 582, ris iepwratns dracav..pediovca xw&pas, and 1087, iepais év’AUyjvais, Homer, Pindar, &c. seem to have applied the epithet tepds pretty generally.
1039. odx! w wadoe:] On this construction much has been written by Elmsley (on Eur. Med, 1151), and by Hermann on Elmsley. Elmsley’s conclusion that, as a rule, ov ah with a future expresses a prohibition, ot y# with aor, conj. a strong negation, is practically right. But some passages there are where, as Elmsley saw, ov mi) with the future is not prohibitive: Ar. Ran, 608, od pio’ eyo weptoipondre) OovTa, Soph. El. 1052, od coe px petéyonal wore, Soph. Ed. Col. 176, obra pimoté a” Ex Tavs’ EdSpavwyv, w& yépov, &kovTad Tis a&=er. To these add the present passage. Hermann, in his note on Elmsley, argues that the prohibitive force lies in the second person : ‘ will you not go? or * will you not not go?’ coming naturally to mean ‘go,’ or ‘ do not go.’ But this passage of Aristophanes has the second person, and yet 1s plainly not prohibitive. Hermann proposes to explain ov py, whether with future or aor. conj. as originally interrogative. Generally od 7 with fut. is so explained; but od wn with aor. conj. by an ellipse of déos, éBos zo7t, That one and the same explanation should be given of both is probable: but the ellipse of déos (as Hermann elsewhere himself suggests) is quite as likely to be the true way, as the interroga~ tive. Probably the tone of the voice shewed whether a command was intended or no, and, for some reasons which we can hardly hope to find, the future came to be preferred (in the second person) to the aorist con- junctive, when a command was meant.
1040. OvArpara] Ta Tois Bevis émOvdueva &Aqita, Schol.
1041, guol pedioe x, 7. A.) Trygaeus sees to the arrangement of
88 NOTES.
the pnp, while the servant is gone. Then he says GX’ ijcew expiv ‘but he ought by this time to be back:’ and, while he is speaking, the servant returns with ldov mépeuut. ‘
1046. ‘IepoxAéns] The -Scholiast quotes from Eupolis ‘Ieook)ées Bédlticte xpnopwddv avat, He seems to have been a real person.
1047. xpnopoddyos] Evidently lower than pdvris: merely a collector and hawker of oracles. One of this class'\comes in at Av.'960 in avery similar way. The Scholiast says that the Euboeans opposed peace, and therefore this soothsayer is made to come from Oreus,
1050. xvicav] Cf, the compounds xucoxdé\at, xvicodoryds, comic words for parasites. «ata 7, xv, ‘after the savoury smell.’ Bergler quotes from Asius in Athenaeus: 7AQev 6 xuooxddat site Médns eyduee akdnTos Cwyod Kexpnpevos.
1058. xdéway’ dad +r. 6.] ‘and keep clear of the loin,’ do not touch it with the spit or otherwise. It was the part specially used'‘in divina- tion.
1054. 1 Képxos mw, «,] 1) ovpd Kaha onyaiver, Schol. They used to infer from certain tokens during ‘the burning, whether the sacrifice was acceptable. The servant may also mean that ‘ the tail is going on well’ in a culinary sense, with anticipation of the feast.
1056. Téwdpypata] Tas admapyxads, ds ciwBacw oi lepets KauBavery, Schol. This supports the present arrangement by which the line is given to Hierocles. ;
1060. 11 yAdrra] That the tongues were cut and set apart, many passages prove: cf, Av. 1705, Plut, 1110; and Hom. Od. y. 332 aad’ aye, Tduvete piv ywooas. The origin and meaning of the custom is uncertain.
1061. fv ppdoys] A common colloquialism e.g. Plat. Rep. 1x. 587, B. oic@’ Gow dnddotepov (4 TUpavvos Bacthéws; dv ppdoys. Andin Eg. 1158, oic6’ otv & dpacov.; ei dé pi, ppdoes ye ov, is similar. The phrase oic@’ otv 6 dpadcov is common: cf. Porson on Eur, Heeub, 225,
1063, @& péAzo:] An oracle in Herodotus (vir. 140) begins thus.
Zs xe@a)iy coi] A common form of turning evil from yourself to another, repeated in Plut. 526. Richter writes it 2s xepadrjv oo, not so well, for the pronoun needs emphasis.
1065. yaporcic:] An established epithet of lions, and therefore pur- posely ridiculous with apes. For #jo8v in the next line of note on Nud, 174, jjcOnv yadewry KataxécavTe Zwxpdrous, The idea strikes him as amusing.
1067, xéagor] A sea bird, said to live on foam, with large wings, small body: that utters a cry.when it lays an egg. Hence the proverb xéaqos wdivet, of those who promise much, but perform little. Schol. tpiowyv in Homer is the epithet of the dove. L. and S. make it used substantively for dove here. If so «émpot tp. ‘silly doves:’ but ‘timorous boobies’ seems as good.
dAwmexidevor] Cf. Lys. 1266, where the Laconian chorus say viv 6’ ad piria 7’ alis etqopos etn, kal ra&v aiuvddv dhowéxwv mwavoaiueda, In Ach. 308 the Lacedaemonians are called faithless.
NOTES, 89
1069. odrwal Oepucs] As hot as the meat which is roasting. Cf. Vesp. 918, bepucs yap dviip ovdév HrTov Tis pakijs,
1070. Bdxw] Cf. Eg. 120. Ofthe three prophets of this name the Boeotian appears to have been the most noted, being mentioned by
Herodotus and Pausanias, and probably it is he that is meant in Aristophanes,
1076. AdKos civ tuevatot] The Scholiast quotes ws ovk Zore AvKozoe kal dvdpdow Spxia mwiota ovdé Abxor TE Kal dpves Oudgpova Oupmdy zxovctw (Hom, Il. x. 262). Cf, Hor. Od. i. 33, 7, ‘Prius Apulis Jun- gentur capreae lupis quam, etc.’
1077—79. ws..aemojobar] The sense (or nonsense) of this seems to be: ‘Assure as beetle and dog do what it is their nature to do, so ought you not yet at this time to have made peace.’ —
1078. kw&dwy &x.] There is plainly reference to the proverb given by the Scholiast 7 xiwy omeddovca tupArAd Tixter, kaddwy seems to mean ‘noisy, yelping’ dxaAavbis is derived by the Scholiast on Av. 873 trom aixddX\ew, and applied to a dog. It is usually a bird, and if it beso here, it only makes the oracle one degree more ridiculous.
1081, dsaxavurdoar] dtaxAnpwoactar Kavvov yap Tov KAfpov pac,
Schol.
1083. obmore «, 7. X.] Nor the Lacedaemonians plain and straight- forward, Schol. 4
1084, wputavein] Soothsayers sometimes obtained their meals in the, prytaneum, e.g. Lampon did. Schol. ,
1085, éwl tH wpoaxOévt:] ‘ After what has been done,’ 7.e. after the restoration of peace. Schol.
1086, teaxdy éxivov] The ‘rough hedgehog’ perhaps has reference to the ruffled tempers of the combatants: but it is chiefly meant as a plain impossibility, like with us ‘the leopard changing his spots, the Ethiopian his skin.’
1090—94, ws of uév—aewdv] Homer (Jl. p, 243, a. 464, Od. . 137, ¢. 261) gives the materials for this patchwork.
1094, «#Qwva] Said by Athenaeus to have been properly a Laconian
drinking-cup, used by soldiers on service. And so in Eg. 600, mpué- pevot xadwvas, of the knights on an expedition.
1095. ov weréxw] Hierocles means that:he knows nothing of these verses, as they are not true Sibylline article. Trygaeus rejoins that wise Homer is Sibyl enough for him.
1097. éppitwp «x. tT. A.) From Hom. Zl. +, 63, One who loves the chilling horrors of intestine war is an outcast from clan, from law, trom hearth or altar. ‘lherefore Hierocles has no share in the sacrifice.
1098. éaidnuiov] Of.Greek against Greek in this case. Of foreign war there was no such horror. Cf. Aisch. Eum. 826, Ovpaios torw aoXepos, ov poALs Tapay, éy @ Tis Zotar dewds evKAzias Zows* évoixiou 6” dpuilos ot héyw paxny.
1100. ov puddrrov] To the servant. Trygaeus thinks that Hierocles
N
90 NOTES.
is the kite they have most to dread. Cf. Av. 892, ovx dpas dre ixrivos els dv tobté y’ olxor8’ dpracas ;
1103, Badavedow] ‘I will be my own bath-man:’ will help, serve myself, and pour out for myself some of the libation. It is a metaphor from those who pour out water for themselves. Schol. Butin Lys. 337, qkovca yap dvépas few aortedixn Pipovtas womep Badavetoovras, it means (acc. to the Scholiast, and the context supports this) BaXavetov Uroxavcovtas * about to heat the bath-room.’ And another explanation of the Scholiast here is that BaAavetow = drtetcw, though the deriva- tion from BaXrdvous dmrav ‘to roast acorns’ is doubtful. Therefore possibly here it means ‘I will warm up something, provide some of the hot meat, for myself.’
1107. d\Ad +7éée] Trygaeus here, and in what follows, mocks what Hierocles had said.
1108. rév Biov] ‘ through our whole life.’
1109. yAdrrav] Which had been cut and laid apart? cf. above v. 1060.
1110, «al tavri] To Hierocles, while Trygaeus flings him perhaps some refuse. Richter says it is to the slave, bidding him take the omhéyxva to keep them safe from Hierocles. But it must be to the same person who is addressed in ov 0é k.7,A,
1115. cvowhayxvevete] cuyyetecbe TH orrdyyywy, Schol.
1118, Keirat & év wécw] *’Tis common property,’ a prize for any one to take. Here Hierocles attempts to snatch some of the meat and the skin. The latter was the priest’s perquisite. Cf. Thesm. 758 routité déppa Tis lepsias yiyverar, :
1119. papripopat) Asin Ach, 926, Av, 108, &c.
1121, éréxwv] Cf. Eecl. 817, 0 0" 1dn thy Ovpav zaeixe kpovwv, The use of éaréxw below in v. 1167 is similar. Here it is ‘laying on’ with stick, there with teeth.
1125. «épaE] Crows were often seen pilfering flesh near altars. Cf. note on Eg. 1194, Bwporcxov,
1126, ’EAdpriov] A place or temple in Euboea, evidently near Oreus. Trygaeus and the servant here drive the soothsayer before them, and leave the stage clear for a second short parabasis.
1127—1190. . In this second address, consisting of strophe and epirr- hema (1127—1158), antistrophe and: antepirrhema (1159—1190), the enjoyments of the country in time of peace are enlarged upon, and the discomforts of soldiering, There is in the Acharnians (v. 1144—1172) a short parabasis, consisting of strophe and antistrophe, late in the play; also in the Knights 1264—1315. ‘These addresses served as a break, and allowed time to prepare for the concluding act,
1129. tupod «.7.A.] Soldier’s fare. Cf. Ach. 1099 ddas Ouplras olce, mai, Kal Kpduua, 1181, deéAcwv] ‘having a drinking-bout.’ Cf. Ach. 751, dvawewé-
pes (put to suggest dtamivopes) del wottd wip, Also Vesp, 1499, diop- xnoopevos, Andin Fg. 107 the simple verb fAkew = mivew: AX’ EAKe
NOTES, 91
thy Tob Saipovos Toi Tpapviov, All this would satisfactorily show that ééAxe.v means ‘certare potando,’ as does diamivery; but to settle the matter, we have a fragment of Aristophanes’ Tewpyol preserved by Stobaeus, ei yap éuol ravoapévey Tob Tohépov ydvorto oxaWavt’ droxdd- Gat Kul Aovoauévw Suehvoat Tis Tpvyds.
1135, éxwempicuéve] This is the reading of MSS. R. and V.; the other is exwemecueva. Neither satisfies the metre.(the antistrophic verse is v. 1167 iofiw xdwéyw) 3 nor yet the sense very well. Hermann pro- poses éxcecwpevpéva, Meineke proposes to write éxmwempiopev’ -v-, thinking the antistrophic verse also deficient.
1138, Opérrav] A common name for a maid-servant, as is Syra, used vy. 1146, where Manes is the farm labourer,
1140. 76n ’oapuéva] sc. Ta ovéppata > ‘for the seed to have been sown.’
1142, Kwyapyxfén] The supposed name of one of the Chorus, pro- bably ofthe coryphaeus. For members of the Chorus addressed by name ef. Vesp, 230—34. This name Comarchides may be either from «wun or kwpos : pethaps rather the latter.
1144, rtaév te rupwv} This genitive of eatables is frequent: compare the French use ‘de I’ eau, du sucre, etc.’ when asking for such things.
1147, olvapi{ew] ‘To strip the leaves:’ otvapa yap ta pbdAa Tijs dumédov. Schol,
1148. zuvtAdfew] Bwroxoreivy, Schol.
1149, owivw] They were sold seven for the obol, Av. 1079. What kind of ‘finch’ they were is uncertain.
1150. wvés—xal Aaywa] Cf. Vesp. 710, where hare, beestings and beestings-cake make up the sum of felicity.
1151. 1) yadt tis éorépas| Cf. v. 795.
1152. xdxvdoidéra] Used of confusing the days in the calendar, Nudb. 616. Here of turning things topsy-turvy, with some noise and clitter-clatter.
1153. tpi’ ijutv] There were to be three of them, the neighbour (who is speaking), Comarchides, and Charinades: therefore there was a dish for each. :
7 watpi] The father, we may suppose, lived with his son, being perhaps now past work.
1154, juppivas] Indispensable at a feast. Cf. Vesp. 861, Nubd. 1364. ZEschinades we may suppose to have been a friend with a particularly good garden. Of myrtle-boughs the Scholiast says 1j mév orepavwris, 3) 68 xapwiuos, The Athenians used to eat myrtle-berries, and employ them in cookery.
1155. tis advis é600]'Bergler quotes from Nicostratus (in Athe- naeus), @reita Tijs avtHs 6600 mpds *Acpomny éOotoa Téppar otpwpuar’ avthy xédeve, The meaning is plainly ‘on the same way, while you go.’ The genitive might be explained as partitive. : And at the same time, as part and parcel of this same journey, give a call to Charinades.’ Charinades is the name of one of the Chorus in Vesp. 232.
92 NOTES,
1159, dyéras|JHesiod’s ixéra téET THE (Op, 580). Cf. Av. 1095, ruin” dv 6 Qeomiaws 6£€0 uédos adxétas..Bod, This ‘noisy chirper’ appears to have been specially acceptable to Greek ears.
1164, quer] This is the common MS. reading. Most modern editors take gice: from MSS. R. V. and Suidas, The present tense of the verb seems satisfactory on the score of meaning. ‘I look to see if the Lemnian vines are already ripening, for that vine produces its shoot early.’ wpwov duce ‘is early by nature,’ for pice: must be the dative of the noun, that it may correspond to the antistrophic @idwy.
1167. «xdwéxw] Meineke (cf. above on v. 1135) needlessly objects to this, for ‘‘quis serio scholiastae credat oivov ad éa¢yw suppleri posse affirmanti?’ ‘The Scholiast only says that éréxyw = 7 oTouatt mpo- odyw ‘I put tomy mouth’: and then quotes from Homer the phrase olvov emicxwv, But more probably it means ‘I apply my mouth to’: ef. note on ewéxwv in v. 1121. Compare the frequent ellipse of rov voy, Tos dpOadpovs and the like with éaeyeuy,, ;
1169. xvxduar] He makes a «vxewy or mixture with bruised thyme in it, This was (says the Scholiast) especially fattening.
1173. Adpous| Lamachus is described’ in, Ach, 965 as xpadaivwy rpeis kataockious Adgous.
goikid’ | Cf. above v. 303, xaxwy owwexixav,
o€eiav] Cf. Pind. Pyth: 1. 36, Altva mdveres yedvos ofeias riOiva ‘tna, who embosoms from year’s end to year’s end her dazzling snow-fields.’ For d&ias seems better thus interpreted than (as L. and S. have it) as analogous to ‘gelu acutum’ of Horace, ‘keen, biting frost.’ The snow-fields lying in the hollow laps .of the mountain seem meant.
1174. Tapdiavixdy] Cf. note on Ach, 112.
1176, Ku%cxnvixdv] The Cyzicenes were cowards, says the Scholiast. Possibly. The Cyzicene dye plainly means the paleness of fear, but we have no knowledge of any pale dye peculiar to Cyzicum. The general sense is ‘He says his cloak is true Sardian red ; but, if it comes to fighting, it is the white feather that he shows.’ Rogers makes the Sardian dye ‘‘ warranted not to run,” a warrant. belied by the speedy ‘running’ of the wearer, when blows are about.
1177, immadextpvsv] This expression of A’schylus, which he is himself made to explain as the figure-head painted on a vessel, is con- stantly attacked by the comie writers. Cf. Av, 800, Ran, 932.
1178. Awowrupevos] AwowTas now 6,’ApioroTirns Tovs Ta Onpev- axa iva pvddrtovtas, Schal, It seems to mean ‘I stand fixed at my post, watching the nets,’ doing all the work, while he has made a fool of me and decamped,
1179. avin’ dv «,7.4.] You have heard of the conduct of these taxiarchs in the field: now hear what goes on at home.
1180. éyypdovtes x.7.X.] Cf. Eg. 1369-1371 for such tricks played with the cardAoyos, or muster-roll of soldiers wanted for inme- diate service. ,
NOTES. 93:
1181. 1 ’£odo0s] ‘the march out:’ to-morrow the army takes the field. Cf. Nub. 579, tiv yap 7 ts EEodos andevd Evy vy, «7A,
1182, 7 62 o,] ‘And one man had not provisioned himself,’ ide] 8rd pers. cf. Vesp. 635.
1183, TWavdioves] The lists were hung up for public view. On Pandion’s statue probably were the names of those who belonged to the tribe Pandionis.
1186. pupdorides]. 2x@p0l ought naturally to have followed the datives Qeois and.dvdador, ‘hated by gods and men,’ for which is sub- stituted ‘cowards before gods and men.’
1189, Agovres] The Scholiast gives a proverb, olor Agovres 2 "Eqécw 62 Adxwves, of the Lacedaemonians who met with reverses in Asia, Florens thinks dAwaexes should be read for Adxwyes, At all events Adxwves might suggest dAwaexes: cf. note on 1067.
1191—1264. The scene is again at Trygaeus’ house, and the wed- ding-feast is just going to begin. A sickle-maker and a pail-maker. come in, and, in delight at.the improved sale of their wares, make Trygaeus some presents. Then follow some who deal in warlike weapons, crests, breastplates, trumpets, helmets, spears. They are all in a wretched way, and willing to part with their wares for what they will fetch. Trygaeus makes small bids, and points out ridiculous uses to which.the arms may be put, but no bargain is concluded ; and the weapon-sellers all go away in disgust,
1192. +d xpi’) Cf. note on Nud. 2.
1193, tavryi] mepixepadaie, Schol. The helmet’s plume would serve for a brush.
1195, duvdrous] Cf. Ach. 1192, dutdor, wraxoivees,
1196, wot wob] In some respects this scene resembles the feasting scene in the Acharnians. But Dicaeopolis keeps his treaty to himself, and will not let the countryman or bridegroom have any: Trygaeus is more generous,
1199, sowjcas] ‘having brought about.’ Cf. on Ach. 58, 181.
1200. o¥d& KoAdAVBov] dvth rob otdE BBodob, Schol. The word «éd- AvBos means any small coin. Hence xodAdvBieris, KohAvBifew equiva- lent to xepmatioths, Kepuatiew,
1201, wevtjxovta dpayuav| Meineke proposes wévre y’ ara dpax- pwév: and many other changes are suggested. It is certainly a long step from an obol to fifty drachmae. But some exaggeration may be allowed. Dindorf and Richter write dapxuev here, as in Vesp. 691 dapxuyv., There are indeed many words of a double form, as xpave- pos Kaptepés, xpadla xapdia, Oodcos, Bapoos, And a short vowel before x“ was undoubtedly preferred by Attic writers. But altering a text to bring all instances under an iron rule seems unsafe, It is possible that the pronunciation of dpaxu} was modified to dapyu (or nearly so), when the exigencies of metre required a long syllable, and yet that in writing it remained dpayuy, Cf. note on Nub. 394, and above at v. 261.
1202. oét] ‘ My friend here,’ the maker of caper dons
94 NOTES,
1204, ravrl déyov] ‘accept these,’ ¢.e. the sickles and the pails, Rogers, however, explains vav7i of a further present in money trom the sale of the articles. But if we suppose 6¢xou to be slightly different from A\déuGave no further present is needed. ‘And pray don’t scruple to accept these: for they are but due to you as the cause of our gains.’
1209, daw xdandos] Bergk and Meineke make the whole of the ensuing dialogue carried on with one weapon-seller, who is attended by the makers of the various articles. The old editions make different weapon-sellers come in and speak.
1210, wpo8éAvuvov] Cf. note on Eg. 528. The word here = pdp- pos: cf. Ran. 587, wpdpprfos..Kakiot’ atro\oiuny,
1211. Aopés] Formed on the analogy of ddepidv, wodaypav, ordj- vay, and such verbs of disease. ‘Are you breaking out in crests?” ‘Have you a crestrash? Trygaeus sees him laden with crests.
1218, vrovrovi] The breast-plate-maker: or indeed any of the weapon-makers. The dopv£os is the last to be dealt with, and is some way behind, hence éxewwovi,
1215. alcxdvoua:] sc. ciweiv, He is ashamed to say the price that he can’offer, it is so little. Then, on a second look, he sees that there is a good deal of work about the helmets, so he raises the price in his mind, ésws ‘nevertheless, for all they are so useless.’
1216. opnxwpu’)| Sophocles (Fr. 314) has xal xpara gpitas eikddew ‘opnkwpott, The meaning is explained téros tis meptxepadaias brov Td mrepa dédetat, ‘the plume-socket.’ The verb opyxotv ‘to pinch in, bind tight’ occurs in Homer and elsewhere.
1220. dwéep’] Trygaeus takes them in his hand and finds that the hairs are falling out.
1224, Owpaxos kite] weptppactiKes el@ev dvtl tov Bweaxa, Schol. Cf, Homer's @wpaxos yiadvv, ‘hollow corslet.’
1226, oujce:] Cf. note above at v. 1039,
1227. lowvias] For as much as it cost you. Schol. ‘aipé wo: bring it here for me, give it to me:’ ef. above v. 1.
1240, ri 6’ dpal Cf. Vesp. 893, tis dp’ 6 pevywv, These are per- haps the only two instances of dpa being subordinate in a question. Brunck and Bothe read 7i 8’ tywy’ goa.
1242. podrvBdpv «.7.A.] It is difficult to pronounce with certainty how the transformation of the trumpet into the apparatus for cottabus- play was to be effected. The karaxros x, was that form of the game where the scale suspended from a rod was made, when struck by the liquid, to fall down on the Manes, a little bronze statuette. Here it is generally supposed that the trumpet, made steady by the lead in its broad end, was to stand upright: the péBdos to cross it at the mouth- piece, and from the faBdos to hang the wAdéorryE or scale. I do not think evOeis dvw0ev suggests that the rod extended crosswise from the mouth-piece, but rather that it was inserted into it; the effect of which would be simply to lengthen the instrument. And then the scale might be fixed at the end of the rod, and the trumpet suspended so
NOTES, 95
that the weighted end and the scale end balanced; and then it could be used for the game. The increasing the weight and lengthening the trumpet would secure a balance that would be well poised and would recover its position. And in the next proposed use for the trumpet the fitting up is much the same, except that the rod is not mentioned as necessary, And thus the mAderry£ of the instrument as arranged for weighing v. 1248 may be also naturally supplied to the cottabus- arrangement of it: but otherwise we should be forced to assume a wdorryE hanging from the cross péfédos in quite a different relation to the odAmcy£ from the other TwhaotryE of v. 1248, Athenaeus xy, 1-7 has passages illustrative of the game of cottabus.
1247, évrevBevt «.7.4.] The broad end being filled with lead, and thus made heavy, a scale is to be suspended from the other end, and thus a sort of steel-yard would be made. Of course there must be something to suspend the trumpet by, when in use for weighing : and the necessary. moving of the point of suspension to secure equilibrium determines the weight.
1248. xaité cor y.] ‘And it will be of itself for you,’ z.e. ‘there you have at once.’
1250, « ducx.] He now complains about his helmets,
1253, cupuaiav] The Egyptians used to dose themselves with an emetic (Herod. 11. 77) for three consecutive days every month. Cf, Thesm, 857, peavocuppaioy Aewv, *black-dosed’ as well as ‘black- dressed,”
1256. o¥ awérovGev] ‘ He is all right,’ says Trygaeus, if he will but put handles to them, and make them into wine-vessels. At the same time éeixvvae rd wita atrod, says the Scholiast, which was a gesture of derision.
1261. totrTw] Cf. Ach. 815, wvijcouai cot, Instances of the dative case expressing ‘from, of, at the hands of’ are collected in a paper of ‘J. Tate on Dawes’ Canons, in the Museum Criticum, Vol. 1. p. 634,
1262, dscampicbeter] In his Vind. Meineke proposes é:ampioGeins, that the neut. plur, may have its verb singular. décamwpicetev, which he edits in his text, rather wants a subject expressed. We may defend the plural dvarpiobeiev, on the ground that dvampicbcin might suggest the meaning ‘ if the lot collectively were sawn asunder,’ whereas the sense wanted is ‘if every one of them were sawn in two.’ Neuter plurals come to be joined with singular verbs from the fact that they so often sum up objects into one group: but where a distinct plurality needs to be expressed the common rule of syntax is not followed.
1265—1357. Some boys who are to sing at the feast now come out and begin to practise. ‘The first, a son of Lamachus, will sing of nothing but arms, battle, and slaughter ; and though, at Trygaeus bidding, he sings of feasting, he passes on at once from feast to fray again. He is bidden to begone, and Cleonymus’ boy is summoned. This latter sings of the cowardice of his father. Trygaeus thinks he will not need much practice to remember that strain, so proposes to go in to the feast. The guests are encouraged to make the best use of their teeth. The Chorus call upon all to rejoice; and to pray for the blessings of peace. The
96 NOTES.
bride is brought out, and she and Trygaeus are escorted off the stage with nuptial song and shouting.
1266. éaceArjtwv] KexAnuévwn els deirvoy, Schol. But it is thought to be rather ‘extra guests, supernumeraries,’ something like the Latin ‘umbrae.’ These éixAnto: perhaps earned their supper by bringing those who should sing. Meineke ( Vind,) altered the vulg. to épxno6- meva here, referring to Thesm. 1177, 11 mais guekAe mpouedeTav, opxncopévn yap épxed’ ws dvdpas Twas, The boys might be going to join dance with song.
1270. éaAotépwy] This is from the beginning of the Epigoni, whose author is unknown. omAorépw» means simply ‘ younger’ in the original verse. But Trygaeus catches at the notion of é7Aa, ‘ A younger age of warriors hymn we now. Tr. Stop, stop your warrior hymns.’
1272. ddwy] SoMSS. R. V. and many editors. Others ddov, In v. 1275 ueuvnuévos seems to have all the MS. authority, and so has géwv in v. 1278. Dobree compares Vesp. 687 Srav eloebov peipaxidv core. wdl diaBas..xal tpupepavGels cimn, Nor need the returnto the neuter in duatés y’ ei offend us; for the neuter seems more contemptuous, ‘you are a stupid and accursed creature.’
1273, of & Sre x.7.d.] From Homer JJ. 6, 446—451, but with slight variations and omissions, The substance of the Homeric passage is ‘When now upon one field they closed and met, together clashed they targe, and spear, and might of mail-clad men, while bossy shield 'gainst shield lay pressed, and loud arose the various din. There groans at once and glorying shouts were heard—slayers and dying—: streamed with blood the ground.’
1278. ravtas dup.] Purposely ridiculous.
1280. «al ré rotavti] This should be construed with daivuyto, as &t@ ioucra mdoacba: in the next line with wpotibevro, Trygaeus cannot on the spur of the moment think of Homeric articles of food to suit the line. ‘These scraps are not found in Homer exactly as here written : but the words might be gathered from different passages.
1286, @wpijccovr’] Cf. Ach, 1132 for the same play:on the double sense of Owprjccecfar, In Vesp. 1194-5 the double sense of Owpak is shewn: ‘breast’ or ‘chest’ and ‘breastplate.’ Rogers translates here “« they called for their casques. Tr. Casks? gladly, I warrant.”
1289. tod «al] ‘Whose son moreover are you?’ Porson, on Eur, Phoen. 1373, shews the distinction -between «cal wws and was kai: the former being a question of one who objects or contradicts, the latter an additional question.
1292. @atuafov] The epic form without the augment, the metre and style being epic.
1293, Bovdoudxov] This and «Aavoiudxov are with reference to the termination of Ac#taxos, Towards the end of the Achurnians, as Richter remarks, Lamachus comes to a sad end in battle, and so is xAavai- paxos,
NOTES. 97
1297. owdpovos] ‘discreet?: for, like Falstaff, in ‘discretion th better part of valour, he saved his life. : ican
1298—9, domide x, 7, X.] A couplet of Archilochus, who in fight peers the Saians, a Thracian tribe, threw away his shield, a prize for the finder. Horace also records his own speedy flight ‘relicta non bene parmula,’
aes 1299. zvros duspntov] The targe was ‘blameless,’ apparently as eing Innocent of resistance and bloodshed, new and inviolate.
1301. woxiv] In Archilochus the whole couplet is Wvyny 0’ é£ecd- woa uywr, arn domls éxeivn tppétw, is adlis xtHoouar ov kaxiw, In the same spirit is the well-known aviip 62 pebywv Kal wddw payioerat,
1302. eo yap ols”) Trygaeus cuts him short, for he is sure to re- member his song without practice, being Cleonymus’ son,
1306. av kal owodeiv] These two verbs are joined in Nub. 1876, but in a different sense rather. ‘ Munch, crunch, and bite with all your might.’”’ Rogers,
Kevas wapé\xew] Evidently the meaning is ‘to work to no purpose, fruitlessly.’, The Scholiast supplies «was, taking it as a metaphor from those who do not dip their oars well in, but pull them round without taking any hold of the water; who shirk their work or (in rowing parlance) shuffle. He adds ‘Trygaeus bids the guests eat like men (yevvaiws écGiew), But xevds is a curious adjective to apply to «was, Bergler supplies yvd@ous, but the sense of wapéAxew is not then very clear, xvArxas is also suggested, since Athenaeus quotes from Aris- tophanes 716: otv, & étaipe, cal wy peotas dei EAxwuev, But Axe there is for wivew ‘let us not be always drinking from full cups,’ é.e. do not let us sip and sip without lowering sensibly the liquor lines of our cups. And with xevds for peotas what sense can be got from the phrase? Bothe, however, accepts this ellipse, saying “ rapa in wapéA- xe vitium actionis significat’’: ‘let us not wrongly quaff empty cups’ (?). It seems plain that the phrase xevds wapéAxew is proverbial ; and a nautical metaphor is always likely with a sailor people like the Athenians. Now wapé\kew éx yijs is ‘to tow from the shore’ in Herod, m1. 96, cf, Thue. 11. 90, Twv vewy Tivas dvadodmevor elAxov kevas, Whence we may suppose that ‘to tow along empty boats or ships’ passed into a proverb for idle and unproductive labour, Here it will be of ‘ working away at victuals without getting on.’
1308. gu@adAzr’ otv] This is Holden’s reading. Of the dual zu- BddXerov no good explanation can be given. As for the sense, éu@ad- Aew is undoubtedly nautical: cf. Eg. 602 ris éuBadei; and this con- firms the phrase xeva's wapéA\xewv as nautical,
1310, Aevxdv ddévTwv] The Scholiast gives a proverb: ovdév Epyow éotiv dvépwv hevewy fv wy Te Kal padxwvrat, :
1812, guBdAdeobe 7. X.] ‘charge at the hare.’ No other instance of this use of ¢ufadXeoOar is given. The active éuBadrdrzw is so used: and éuPod%, uBodov are used of a trireme’s charge and beak.
1313—14. ws ovyl x. 7. A.J] ‘Since it is not every-day that you'll find cakes wandering about unprotected.’ Richter unaccountably finds an ambiguity here, and sanctions as possible an absurd rendering of
; (0)
98 NOTES,
Kuster making wAavwyévors and epiyors agree with vyiv understood. Of course the meaning is that cakes are usually kept safe, and are hard to get at, not an easy prey as now: therefore let those present fall to while they have the rare chance. :
1817. «datxopevew] The Ravenna MS. has xdmixedetew ‘et ac- clamare.”
1319, ‘YmépBorov] Cf. ‘above 921, ‘YaepBorcv re mavoas,
1321—2. ddévar «x, 7. X.] The construction is dsddvar mdovtov, 6:ddvat TE tds wousiv Kpilas,
1328, al0wva ofdnpov] Homeric; eg. I. 1.473.
1330, «adi kadds] Cf, Ach, 253, drws TO kavoiy Kany Karas olceLs,
18331350. The Chorus bear in Trygaeus and Opora: probably in two divisions. Editors have arranged these lines in various ways ; and
indeed great variety of arrangement is possible. One chief point of difference is whether vv. 1344—48 belong to Trygaeus or the Chorus.
1351. ices y'] This is of course proper for Trygaeus. Some give the last three lines to the Chorus and Trygaeus-united.
W. METCALFE AND SONS, PRINTERS, GREEN-STREET, CAMBRIDGE.
Carenmann.
ARISTOPHANES.
EDITED BY W. ©. GREEN, MA.,,
LATE FELLOW OF KIN@’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE; ASSISTANT MASTER AT RUGBY SCHOOL.
The following Plays are already published in the Catena Classicorum: by Messrs. Rivineton.
1. THE ACHARNIANS AND KNIGHTS.
(A revised edition specially prepared for Schools, )
‘‘ Mr. Green has discharged his part of the work with uncommon skill and ability. Theenotes show a thorough study of the two Plays, an independent judgment in the interpretation of the poct, and a wealth of illustration, from which the Editor draws whenever it is necessary.’’—Museum.
“The utmost care has been taken with this. Edition of the most sarcastic and clever of the old Greek dramatists, facilitating the means of understanding both the text and intention of that biting sarcasm which will never lose either point or interest, and is as well adapted to the present age as it was to the times when first put forward.”’—Bell’s Weekly Messenger.
. 2 THE CLOUDS.
“Mr. Green’s admirable Introduction to ‘The Clouds’ of the celebrated comic poet deserves a careful perusal, as it contains an accurate analysis and many original comments on this remarkable play. The text is prefaced by a table of readings of Dindorf and Meineke, which will be of great service to students who wish to indulge in verbal criticism. ‘The notes are copious and lucid, and the volume will be found useful for school and college purposes, and admirably adapted for private reading.” —Ezaminer. ;
“‘Mr. Green furnishes an excellent introduction to ‘The Clouds’ of Aristophanes, explaining the circumstances under which it was produced, and ably discussing the probable object of the author in writing it, which he considers to have been to put down the Sophists, a class whom Aristophanes thought dangerous to the morals of the community, and therefore caricatured in the person of Socrates—not unnaturally, though irreverently, choosing him as their representative.” —Atheneum, .
3. THE WASPS.
There is little now to say of this third instalment of Mr. Green's Aristophanes, a very useful ‘and promising link of the Catena Classi- corum. In its features it naturally ‘favours’ its predecessors, and to say this of it is no small general praise. Mr. Green has plainly a keen appreciation of his author, and as he advances in his editorial work, grows more and more cognizant of his peculiarities, and is able to illustrate them from Plays already edited.
The liveliest scenes come first. The later are too long drawn-out, a fault which, by the way, attaches to other plays of Aristophanes also. But the most conscientious student, who perseveres to the end, will find an equally stedfast companion with Mr. Green, and we
know no better nor more amusing guide to whom to recommend him,’’— Contemporary Review, 1869.
The remaining Plays of Aristophanes usually read are in course of preparation.
5. THE BIRDS. 6. THE FROGS: 7. THE PLUTUS.
Lis bieahe ae
Ney
BR aitciel EH :
%
HE halen
fepdien rte ge: Hage obeys ieee iets