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Cornell University

Library

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028293722

WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE
UNITED STATES AND CANADA
1887-88

Photo. Rice, Washington

MR. BERGNED

Frontispiece

MR.

CHAMBERLAIN

MR. MAYCOCK

WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN
IN THE UNITED STATES

AND CANADA, 1887-88. BY
SIR WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK, K.C.M.G.

ae

LONDON
CHATTO & WINDUS
19I4

mM

DAAa3i%

WITH 30 ILLUSTRATIONS

All rights reserved

INTRODUCTION

I Hap always cherished a strong desire in my younger
days to visit America, and had more than once con-

¢ ”

templated a trip to the “ other side” on my own
account when circumstances permitted. I little
thought, however, that it would ultimately fall to
my lot to see both the United States and Canada
under such favourable auspices as befell me in the
autumn of 1887. This book claims to be no more
than a faithful record of a little over four agreeable
months spent with Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, to
whom I am indebted for much kindness, considera-
tion, and hospitality in the past. I can only hope
that some account of a Mission, which afforded to
me such a pleasant break in the daily routine of
official life, may not be wholly devoid of interest
to ‘‘ those to whom these presents shall come.”

WILLOUGHBY MAYCOCK.
May, 1914.

P.S.—The foregoing note was written, and the
book practically settled for press, two months ago.

vi WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

Since that date ‘‘ the Sons of England in all parts
of the world ” as well as “ the old folks at home ”
—to quote from Mr. Chamberlain’s memorable
speech at Toronto—have been inexpressibly shocked
and grieved by the news of his unexpected death.
I took my last farewell of him at Victoria Station
on the morning of Sunday, January 18th last, on his
departure for Cannes. ‘Two days prior to that I
visited him at 4o Princes Gardens, and told him of
my projected work on his Mission to the United
States. He evinced great interest in it and readily
gave me permission to dedicate it to him. The
title-page of my book accordingly bore such dedica-
tion, which his untimely death has necessitated
erasing. I hoped and believed that this record
would have afforded him some little interest and
amusement, and would have recalled some agreeable
memories. Fate has, however, decreed otherwise.
May God rest his soul.

July 4, 1914.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

. MR. CHAMBERLAIN’S APPOINTMENT

. THE VOYAGE OUT

. WASHINGTON

. WASHINGTON (continited)

. WASHINGTON (concluded)

. BALTIMORE, NEW YORK, MONTREAL, OTTAWA
. TORONTO AND NIAGARA

. WASHINGTON AGAIN

. LAST WEEKS AT WASHINGTON

‘“OFF TO PHILADELPHIA IN THE MORNING ”’

. BACK AGAIN AT NEW YORK AND HOME
. WHAT THE MISSION ACCOMPLISHED

. AT BIRMINGHAM

. LENVOI

INDEX

vii

PAGE

120
145
153
168
199
221
241

271

ILLUSTRATIONS

MR. CHAMBERLAIN, MR. BERGNE, AND MR.

MAYCOCK Frontispiece
PAGE
SIR JAMES FERGUSSON 6
THE LATE SIR WILLIAM LANE BOOKER 18
THE LATE HON. HENRY EDWARDES 24
CAPTAIN F. H. HINDE 28
THE LATE CAPTAIN R. C. CLIPPERTON 30
MISS SACKVILLE WEST (NOW LADY SACKVILLE) 34
MRS. GROVER CLEVELAND 34
THE LATE PRESIDENT GROVER CLEVELAND 46
MEMBERS OF THE FISHERY CONFERENCE 48
MISS ENDICOTT (MRS. CHAMBERLAIN) 52
MISS ADELE GRANT (NOW LADY ESSEX) 58
THE HON. MRS. HENRY EDWARDES 58
MENU WITH PORTRAIT OF HENRY CLAY ve
GROUP TAKEN AT MOUNT VERNON 76
EN ROUTE TO MONTREAL IN MR. C. DEPEW’S PRIVATE
CAR 88
THE ICE PALACE AT MONTREAL go
RIDEAU HALL (GOVERNMENT HOUSE), OTTAWA 92

CHAUDIERE FALLS, OTTAWA 94
ix

x WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

SIR JOHN MACDONALD

PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, OTTAWA

LORD AND LADY LANSDOWNE AND PARTY AT GOVERN-
MENT HOUSE, OTTAWA

SIR DAVID MACPHERSON

SKETCHES AT NIAGARA FALLS

SKETCH OF A “JOY RIDE’ AT NIAGARA

MRS. JOHN DAVIS

MISS GWYNN

APPROACH TO HIGHBURY

THE ENTRANCE-HALL, HIGHBURY

THE DRAWING-ROOM, HIGHBURY

PAGE

With Mr. Chamberlain in the

United States and Canada
1887-88

CHAPTER I
MR. CHAMBERLAIN’S APPOINTMENT

Ir would serve no useful purpose after this lapse of
time, nor do I propose, to do more than refer quite
briefly, for the benefit of the uninitiated, to the
circumstances which led the late Lord Salisbury to
invite Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, in the autumn of
1887, to proceed to the United States as the senior
of three British Plenipotentiaries to negotiate, if
possible, a settlement of the Canadian Fishery
Question — which at that time had reached an acute
stage—with three Plenipotentiaries to be named by
the United States.

With the exception of two comparatively brief
interludes, the question of the rights of the New
England fishermen to pursue their calling in the

in-shore waters of the east coast of Canada had
A

2 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

been a constant bone of contention and source of
controversy between the two countries for some
seventy odd years. Papers presented to Parliament
in 1887-88 embrace all the “ pros ” and “ cons ” of
the dispute, sufficient indeed to satiate the most
voracious piscatorial appetite.

The brief interludes referred to, during which
there was little or no trouble, were comprised in the
periods from 1854 to 1866, and again from 1871 to
1885. Fishing rights during those periods were
regulated by articles in what are known as the
Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 and the Treaty of
Washington of 1871 respectively, between this
country and the United States. Both these Treaties
were, however, denounced by the United States for
reasons which there is no need to discuss.

The latter of these Treaties expired in July 1885,
but the Dominion Government, as an act of grace,
and being reluctant to enforce measures which
would cause inconvenience and loss in the middle
of the fishing season, allowed the New England
fishermen to use the Canadian in-shore waters freely
and without let or hindrance down to the end of
that year.

The two Treaties referred to having thus ceased
and determined, the provisions of the Treaty be-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 3

tween this country and America of 1818 were again
brought to life, and under the terms of that Treaty,
as interpreted by Her late Majesty’s Government,
American fishermen were only warranted in using
the bays and harbours of Canada for wood, water,
shelter and repairs, and for no other purpose what-
soever. America did not, however, interpret this
Treaty eye to eye with us, and thought we took it
too much au pied de la lettre. Sir Charles Tupper,
in the course of an exhaustive résumé of the question
in the Dominion Parliament in April 1888, made the
pertinent observation that “‘ fishermen, perhaps, are
the most intractable and uncontrollable people in
the world, and when a fisherman gets on board his
little smack he thinks he is monarch of all he sur-
veys and he can go where he pleases and do what he
pleases.” So, regardless of the restrictions of the
Treaty of 1818, the Massachusetts fishermen still
plied their calling in 1886 and after, with the result
that one after another of their vessels were captured
and confiscated by the Canadians under the pro-
visions of their Customs and Municipal laws.
These incidents provoked no little indignation in
America, especially in the New England States.
With each seizure and confiscation the tension be-
came more and more acute between the two coun-

4 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

tries, and any untoward incident, such as the loss of
a life where resistance was offered, would have
ignited a spark that might have led to a conflagra-
tion. Both countries recognised that a situation had
been reached when no effort should be spared to
effect a friendly settlement. So it came about,
after some further diplomatic correspondence, that
on October 24, 1887, Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, Sir
Lionel Sackville West (then British Minister at
Washington), and Sir Charles Tupper (Canadian
Minister of Finance), were jointly and severally
empowered by Queen Victoria to consider and
adjust ‘‘in a friendly spirit with Plenipotentiaries
to be appointed on the part of our good friends the
United States of America all or any questions re-
lating to the rights of fishery in the seas adjacent to
British North America and Newfoundland which
are in dispute between our Government and that of
our good friends, and any other questions which
may arise which the respective Plenipotentiaries may
be authorised by their Governments -to consider
and adjust.”

Mr. Chamberlain’s appointment having been
settled, the next question for consideration was who
should be attached to his Mission. It was obvious
that the late Sir Henry Bergne was the man of all

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 5

others most eminently qualified to act as secretary,
for not only was he a most capable and efficient
official, but, having been attached to the Halifax Com-
mission in 1875, and Secretary and Protocolist to it
again in 1877, he was especially familiar with all the
intricacies of the Fishery question. What he didn’t
know about it from every point of view was not
worth knowing. At this time he was Superinten-
dent of the Treaty Department of the Foreign Office,
a post his father had for many years held before him,
and which in after years fell to my lot. He was
always a staunch and valued friend of mine, and had
frequently promised to do his best to have me asso-
ciated with him when it seemed probable that a
special Mission would go to the “ States” in con-
nection with this vexed question—a promise which
he faithfully and loyally fulfilled. He was at that
time a C.M.G. In 1888, on Mr. Chamberlain’s
recommendation, he was made a K.C.M.G., a dis-
tinction he greatly coveted. In 1902 he was made
a C.B., and in 1903 a K.C.B. He had rendered
invaluable services to His Majesty’s Government,
notably in connection with Copyright and the Sugar
questions, and his all too early death in November
1908 at Berlin, the result of a chill, just as he had,
as the British Delegate, attached his signature to the

6 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

International Copyright Convention, was deeply de-
plored by a large circle of friends, and by none more
than myself. He was laid in his last resting-place
at Brookwood Cemetery, where his son, who had been
killed at Saas Fée on January 1, 1908, was also buried.
He had felt the death of this poor lad most acutely.

So Bergne was of course selected by Lord Salis-
bury to accompany Mr. Chamberlain as Secretary to
the British Mission. Mr. Chamberlain expressed
a strong wish that his staff should be restricted to as
few persons as possible, but one assistant secretary
at least was essential.

At that time I was acting as Private Secretary to
the late Sir James Fergusson, the Parliamentary
Under Secretary of State in Lord Salisbury’s Ad-
ministration. Of the many distinguished men with
whom, in the course of a long career of over forty-
one years in the Foreign Office, I have been associated,
there are few for whom I have entertained a warmer
regard than Sir James Fergusson. He certainly
had a temper, and in some ways and to some people
he was rather exacting. But to me he was always
the staunchest and kindest of friends down to the
time of his tragic death in the earthquake in Jamaica
in 1907. So as soon as Bergne’s appointment had
been settled I said to Sir James, “I should very

Photo: Marshall & Allan, Ayr
SIR JAMES FERGUSSON

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 7

much like to go to America with Mr. Chamberlain.
Will you support my candidature?” “ With all
the pleasure in life, my dear Maycock,” was his
generous reply. “I’m going down to the House
now, and shall see Mr. Chamberlain, and will suggest
his taking you.” I thanked him warmly. He came
back and told me he had seen Mr. Chamberlain.
There were, however, needless to say, many other
formidable candidates in the field, notably George
Murray, then a clerk in the Treasury and a man of
exceptional ability. Murray had been in the Foreign
Office from 1873 to 1880, when he was transferred
to the Treasury, of which important department he
subsequently became the head, till his retirement,
and a more capable official never served the Crown.
When I heard he wanted the job my spirits sank to
zero. It was at this juncture that dear Bergne’s
loyalty came to my aid and stood me in such good
stead. He had been to see Mr. Chamberlain, who
told him that of the many applicants the claims of
Murray and Maycock seemed to be the strongest,
and he left the choice to Bergne. Bergne, ever
loyal to his promises, expressed a preference for
me, and that is how, to my intense joy, I came
to be appointed Assistant Secretary to the special
Mission.

8 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

Prior to our departure, I went with my wife for a
short holiday with our old and valued friend, now Sir
William Dalrymple Hay—at that time a clerk in the
Treasury—to Clovelly, where we amused ourselves
by sea fishing in the waters of the ocean on which I
was so soon to embark. We lodged with a retired
merchant captain, who regaled us with comforting
anecdotes of the horrors of the Atlantic, especially
when the equinoctial gales were in full blast. One
particular aphorism he was especially fond of citing :

“Of one thing you may be certain
On an Atlantic trip,
You're sure to ship a sea
Though you never see a ship:”
a theory the truth of which was destined to be very
shortly realised to its fullest extent.

CHAPTER II
THE VOYAGE OUT

On Saturday morning, October 29, 1887, Mr.
Chamberlain started from Birmingham by the 11.20
train en route for Liverpool. A large number of
local Unionists assembled to see him off, and when
he arrived at the station accompanied by Mr. Jesse
Collings, M.P., Mr. R. Chamberlain, M.P., and Mr.
Powell Williams, M.P., he was greeted with hearty
cheering, his enthusiastic admirers shouting ‘‘ God
bless you !”’ “Good luck!” and so forth. As soon
as he boarded the train there were, of course, loud
cries for a speech, and the right honourable gentle-
man, putting his head out of the window, addressed
the crowd as follows :

““ GENTLEMEN,—I am very much touched by
your kindness in coming down here this morning to
wish me ‘ Good-bye’ and ‘ God-speed’ (cheers).
I know that all in Birmingham, in common with
every patriotic Englishman, have deep interest in
the success of my Mission (hear, hear) and an earnest
desire that the good feelings between the two coun-

9

to WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

tries should be continually preserved (cheers).
But with you, gentlemen, there is something more
than an interest in the Mission—there is, I know,
some little interest in the man who has undertaken
it (hear, hear). I am grateful to you for the
kindness you have always shown me (cheers, and
cries of ‘God bless you’), and I reciprocate the feeling
which you have now expressed. I have spent thirty
years of my life amongst you in Birmingham (cheers),
and Birmingham is the home of my adoption and of
my affection (cheers). I hope that I may see you all
once more in the course of a few months (cheers) ;
and be sure of this, that I shall take with me to
America the pleasantest recollection of your good-
ness to me (cheers). And, gentlemen, if these
should be the last words I should ever speak to
you (cries of ‘No’ and ‘ Never’) I say to you—
‘Stick firm to the Union’ (cheers). I say to you,
spare no effort to maintain the magnificent inheri-
tance which has descended to you from your fore-
fathers (hear, hear), and, believe me, those are the
greatest enemies to the Commonwealth, whether
they are known as Separatists or by any other name,
who would do anything to weaken or impair the
integrity of the United Kingdom. Good-bye (loud
cheers).””

During this brief address one or two interruptions
and cries of “ Coercionist”’ came from a small
faction of the Gladstonians, but the dissentients
were speedily overwhelmed by Mr. Chamberlain’s

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 11

enthusiastic supporters, and the cheering was re-
newed with redoubled vigour as the train steamed
out of the station. On arriving at Liverpool Mr.
Chamberlain was met by the Mayor, Sir James
Poole, who had invited a select party to meet him at
lunch at the Town Hall.

On the morning of the same day Bergne and I,
having taken farewell of our respective belongings,
foregathered at Euston at 10 o’clock and reached
Liverpool at 2.40. We had to charter a cart there
to convey our impedimenta to the landing-stage.
Nelthorpe Beauclerk had also accompanied us from
London. He too was on his way to Washington to
take up his duties as Second Secretary at the Lega-
tion. He was one of the very best—quiet, unas-
suming, but a most capable diplomatist. He served
in many countries after his brief stay in Washington ;
his young wife having died in England, shortly after
our arrival. His last post was that of Minister to
the Republics of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. He
died all too soon in 1908. There were vast crowds
both outside the Town Hall and at the landing-stage
waiting to catch a glimpse of Mr. Chamberlain, but
those at the latter place were doomed to disappoint-
ment. We ourselves were wondering what had be-
come of him when the tender put off about 3.30 for

12 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the Cunarder Etruria,whichwas lying inmid-channel.
He duly arrived, however, in a private tender about
5 o’clock, and we steamed out of the Mersey at 6.30.

The Etruria carried 360 saloon passengers, and
about 100 others, many of them Americans in
buoyant spirits at the prospect of returning to the
country of their birth. Captain Cook, who had
crossed the Atlantic goodness knows how many
times, and was at that time Commodore of the
Cunard fleet, was in command of the vessel. He
was a great character, and though we naturally had
seats at his table, we saw but little of him at meals
during the voyage, the weather being so stormy as
to necessitate his being nearly always on the bridge.
He could be very cynical at times, and had no love
for the Americans, who I believe had once locked
him up for some breach of the port regulations at
New York. Lots of good stories, true or otherwise,
were recounted about him. Once a nervous female
asked him if the vessel was far from land. ‘‘ About
three and a half miles, Madam, straight down
there’ was the reply, pointing to the bed of the
ocean. On another occasion in a terrific gale a
bishop on board ventured to inquire if there was
any danger.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA § 13

“Well, my lord,” rejoined the ancient mariner,
“T shouldn’t wonder if we were all in heaven in
less than half an hour.”

“God forbid!”’ exclaimed the bishop, momen-
tarily forgetting that such a consummation, accord-
ing to the tenets of his faith, was one devoutly to
be desired.

We reached Queenstown safely on the following
Sunday morning about eleven, and took the mails on
board. Sundry pressmen came aboard and inter-
viewed Mr. Chamberlain, who was seated in his
deck chair behind a large cigar.

We left Queenstown on the evening of Sunday,
October 30, with the sky looking very black and a
fresh breeze springing up. The prospect looked
anything but bright ahead, the barometer was falling
rapidly, and Cook, on the bridge, was enveloped in
yellow tarpaulin, evidently prepared for “ dirty
weather.” I shall never forget the horrors of that
voyage to my dying day, especially the nights. The
noise overhead, the clanking of chains, the shouts of
the sailors, the screw racing out of the water half
of the time, which seemed to make the great vessel
palpitate from end to end, to say nothing of the
bangs of the monster waves against the ship’s sides,

14 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

made sleep a matter of impossibility. I often used
to think of Mrs. Willard’s lines :

“ Rocked in the cradle of the deep,
I lay me down in peace to sleep,”
and thought she would have piped a very different
tune had she been on board the Etruria. We were
battened down half the time, and unable to go on
deck. A lifeboat was swept away and a huge venti-
lator bent double. Some of the seamen, too, were
badly hurt and swept off their legs. Cook admitted
that it was the worst passage he ever remembered,
and the boatswain said the same thing, and they had
both done the trip times without number. Was
there ever penned such a magnificent and realistic
description of the horrors of an Atlantic passage in
winter as Charles Dickens compiled in his American
Notes ?—“‘ But what the agitation of a steam vessel
is on a bad winter’s night in the wild Atlantic, it is
impossible for the most vivid imagination to con-
ceive. ‘To say that she is flung down on her side in
the waves with her masts dipping into them, and
that, springing up again, she rolls over on the other
side, until a heavy sea strikes her with the noise of a
hundred great guns, and hurls her back—that she
stops and staggers, and shivers as though stunned,
and then, with a violent throbbing at her heart, darts

UNITED STATES AND CANADA | 15

onward like a monster goaded into madness, to be
beaten down, and battered, and crushed, and leaped
on by the angry sea—that thunder, lightning, hail,
and rain, and wind, are all in fierce contention for the
mastery—that every plank has its groan, every nail
its shriek, and every drop of water in the great ocean
its howling voice—is nothing. To say that all is
grand, and all appalling and horrible in the last
degree, is nothing. Words cannot express it.
Thoughts cannot convey it. Only a dream can
call it up again in all its fury, rage, and passion.”
That describes to the letter our experience on
the Etruria forty-five years after those lines were
written.

Mr. Chamberlain was a good sailor, and hardly
ever missed a meal, nor did I miss one. Poor little
Bergne, on the other hand, suffered the tortures
of the damned throughout the voyage, and some
female in a cabin adjacent to mine screamed half
the night, and was perpetually anointing herself
with essence of peppermint as a remedy for sea
sickness, and its pungent odour was the reverse of
comforting. A very small percentage of the pas-
sengers turned up at meals, and the saving under
the subheads “bacon, ham, and pork” must have
been quite considerable. Of course every one in the

16 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

smoking saloon wanted to talk to Mr. Chamberlain,
and edged up to him whenever a chance offered.
These well-meant attentions bored him to distrac-
tion, so much so that he eventually sought refuge in
the chief officer’s cabin, where we had many a
smoke and chat together in peace, or comparative
peace leastways, as perfect peace on the Atlantic in
November is an unknown quantity. Bar the weather,
the voyage was as uneventful as most sea voyages
are. On November 4 the hurricane abated a bit,
and we got on deck, and the sight of a whale was
reported. Every one rushed up on deck to see what
was to be seen, which was not much beyond the
crest of a dark object about 100 yards from the vessel
throwing up occasional jets of water. To the best
of my recollection we only met one vessel during
the whole voyage, homeward bound, thus exempli-
fying the truth of what my old mariner at Clovelly
had said.

On Saturday, November 5, we were 700 miles
from Sandy Hook, rather better weather, and steam-
ing about 454 knots a day. We had a concert that
night, with Mr. Chamberlain in the chair, and
realised {£22 for the Sailors’ Orphanage. Poor
Barton M‘Guckin, since deceased, who was going
out to fulfil a professional engagement at New York,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 17

was, of course, the lion of the evening. I contri-
buted a few comic songs which were favourably
received, notably Corney Grain’s “He did and
he didn’t know why ”—always a sure hit—and
“ Jarge’s Jubilee,” also one of his. ‘The next day
we took a pilot on board—Boat No. 4.

On Monday, November 7, we passed the Statue
of Liberty and reached New York. The statue is
a remarkable erection, representing ‘‘ Liberty en-
lightening the World,’ and stands on Bedloe’s
Island, about two miles from the Battery. It is a
draped figure of a female, made of repoussé copper by
Bartholdi, and is over 150 feet in height. The god-
dess is crowned by a diadem, holding a tablet close
to the body in the left hand and a torch in the up-
lifted right hand, which at night is lighted by elec-
tricity. Her forefinger alone is 7 feet long and over
4 feet in circumference, and her nose is a yard
long. The statue weighs 25 tons, and cost over a
million francs, raised by public subscription in
France. It stands on a granite pedestal 155 feet
high. It took Bartholdi four years to construct,
and was erected the year before we went out. The
pedestal cost about £50,000, subscribed in America.
It was unveiled by the President in October 1886.

The number of females, wearing what they called
B

18 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

their ‘‘ store clothes,” who turned up on deck, and
who had never been seen before on the voyage, was
quite surprising. In accordance with usage in the
case of diplomatic Missions, we had been accorded
the usual exemption from Customs examination.
The revenue cutter Manhattan came out to meet
us at the quarantine station, and we said adieu to
the good ship Etruria and trans-shipped on to the
cutter. On board of it to meet us were poor Henry
Edwardes, who had come up from Washington,
where he was then Secretary of Legation; William
Lane Booker, our Consul-General at New York—
both now, alas! long since called to their last rest ;
Mr. William Smith, an ex-Canadian Minister of
Marine and an old ally of Bergne’s; and a quartette
of pressmen, with their books and pencils, anxious
to learn our impressions of their country, regardless
of our not yet having had time to formulate any.
We disembarked at what is known as the Barge
Landing, and proceeded thence to the Brevoort
House Hotel in 5th Avenue, where apartments had
been reserved for us. It was a fine building, much
affected by the best class of Europeans, and the
cuisine was excellent. There Mr. Chamberlain
accorded an interview to a shoal of reporters which
supplied material for many columns in the Herald

Photo; Aforse, San Francisco

THE LATE SIR WILLIAM LANE BOOKER

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 1g

Tribune, and other leading organs of the New York
press of the next day. It will suffice to quote an
extract from the first-named only, as affording some
idea of the bombardment of problems to which our
right honourable Chief was subjected.

At six o’clock the reporter was received very
courteously at the Brevoort by Mr. Chamberlain.
Two detectives were on guard in the vicinity of the
rooms. Mr. Chamberlain’s accent is decidedly
English, and his voice a quiet, pleasant-sounding
one. He laughed when told the interview was the
custom of the country, and said he was quite willing
to submit.

DIPLOMACY AN EVASION

The first questions were about the Liberal party,
Mr. Gladstone, Lord Randolph Churchill, Republi-
canism in England, the House of Lords, and Home
Rule—in fact, all those questions which are now very
much agitating England, and with which Americans
are more or less familiar from the special foreign
correspondence of the Herald. Mr. Chamberlain
smilingly shook his head.

““T am unable,” he said, ‘‘ to answer questions on
the controversial politics of England. I have come
here to assume the duties of a diplomatist, and there-
fore I cannot speak on matters of controversy at
home.”

“It has been insinuated,” said the reporter, “‘ that

20 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

your appointment by the Tory Government was
made in the hope of complicating still further the
Trish difficulty.”

“‘T have not seen anything of the kind,” was the
reply. ‘‘ That cannot be, and I would not pay any
attention to such an insinuation.”’

COMMERCIAL UNION

The reporter then drew his attention to the action
on last Thursday of the New York Chamber of
Commerce advocating free trade with Canada, and
to the fact that a committee had been appointed to
see what could be done about commercial union,
also to the following extracts from his English
speeches read at that meeting :

Commercial union with the United States meant
that Canada was to give preference to every
article of manufacture from the United
States over the manufactures from Great
Britain. If the people of Canada desired
an arrangement of that kind he did not doubt
that they would be able to secure it. He did
not think anybody in England would pre-
vent such an arrangement by force ; but he
remarked that in that case all the advantages
of the slender tie that bound Canada to
England would disappear, so far as England
was concerned ; and it was not likely that
the people of Great Britain would continue
much longer to sustain the obligations and

UNITED STATES AND CANADA _ ar

responsibilities of a relationship all the re-
ciprocal benefits of which had been with-
drawn. . . . To investigate the possibility
of a material expansion of our commerce in
this direction by inviting arguments for and
against commercial union with Canada, and
documentary evidence as to the extent and
prospects of the trade between the two
countries, and to report to this Chamber
such recommendations for its action as will
enable it to contribute its influence, not only
to the early adjustment of the Fishery ques-
tion, but to aid in procuring such legislation
as will promote the interests of the commerce
of this country, should such action be
deemed desirable.

“ T don’t think I can add anything to what I have
said,” was the response. ‘‘ That was from a speech
I made a few days before leaving England.”

CANADIAN INDEPENDENCE

* But if commercial union were brought about,
would it lead to the absolute independence of Canada
from Great Britain ?”’

“TI said,” replied Mr. Chamberlain, “if com-
mercial union meant free trade between the United
States and Canada, and at the same time the continu-
ance of protective duties on the part of Canada
against the mother country, that undoubtedly an
arrangement of that kind would lead the English

22 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

people to reflect upon the advantage or disadvan-
tage of undertaking the responsibility of the existing
relations.”

THE FISHERIES

‘Do you expect to settle all questions at issue
between Great Britain and the United States or
to confine your attention to the North Atlantic
Fisheries ? ”

“T think the differences with regard to the Fisheries
are the chief object of the Commission, but I do not
think they preclude the introduction of other ques-
tions.”

‘« As the best solution of the problem, has not Lord
Salisbury in his published despatches proposed a
return to the Treaty of Washington (without com-
pensation for the inshore fisheries) ? ”

‘“ It was proposed in those despatches as a tem-
porary solution pending further and fuller dis-
cussion.”

“Tn your opinion, Mr. Chamberlain, would it be
wiser to work back towards the last method of
settlement (the Treaty of Washington) or to take up
the Treaty of 1818 and attempt to revise it ?”

“Tt is not open to anticipate what the result of
the discussion will be.”

THE BEHRING SEA SEAL FISHERIES

“Have you determined to include the Behring
Sea Seal fisheries in the proposed settlement ? ”

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 23

“Tt depends on the course of discussion whether
the Commission will touch that matter or not.”

“* But should commercial union be excluded from
the final settlement, do you think that a settlement
could be reached satisfactory to Canada ? ”

“Well,” said Mr. Chamberlain slowly, “ the
Canadians have a responsible Commissioner in Sir
Charles Tupper. No one can be more competent
than he, and if he is satisfied the people of
Canada will be satisfied. Sir Charles Tupper is
specially competent to speak on behalf of the
Canadians.”

Mr. Chamberlain added that he regarded England
alone as his client.

“Ts the Irish question likely to be settled very
soon?”

“T don’t think it will be settled in our
time.”

‘“ You are on record as to the House of Lords,
Mr. Chamberlain, are you not ? ”’

“No, I don’t think I can point to any definite
expression of opinion on that subject.”

The reporter ventured again to bring up Home
Rule, and Mr. Chamberlain said :

‘J have always said I was prepared—to use Mr.
Gladstone’s own words—to give the largest possible
extension of local government in Ireland consistent
with the integrity of the Empire, the supremacy of
the Imperial Parliament, protection of the minority,
and so on.”

24 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Ir1isH AMERICANS

“* And what do you think of the Irish question in
America ? ”

““T have said on some occasions that in the last
thirty years they have not hesitated to co-operate,
while having regard for the best interests of their
adopted country, in pursuit of their objects.”

“And now, Mr. Chamberlain, is it true that de-
tectives have come with you from England ? ”

The answer was given boldly and manly :

“No, but I have no doubt that the United States
Government will take good care of its guests. I have
no fear on that subject.”

Finally he said he would make no public speeches
anywhere, at least on politics. He had not come as
a private Englishman, but as a diplomatist. He
would endeavour to see as much of the country as
possible and would visit Canada. He would go in
a few days—he could not say exactly when—to
Washington, and on his return would stay some
time in New York.

Mr. Chamberlain has already received several
private invitations to partake of hospitalities.

That night we dined at the hotel, and afterwards
went, at the invitation of the late Mr. Whitelaw Reid,
to his box at the opera, and heard Tannhauser, and
“so to bed,” as Pepys would say. It was a pleasant
change to be once more in a steady couch on terra

Photo: John Edwards
THE LATE HON. HENRY EDWARDES

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 25

firma after the eight nights’ terrific bucketing we
had had on the Atlantic.

We spent ten days in New York altogether, full of
interest to us, but uneventful from a public point of
view. On the morning of the 8th we had to send
some official despatches to the Foreign Office, and
Bergne and I went for a walk in the afternoon, but
owing to the municipal elections being in full swing
all the shops were shut. He and I dined at the
Manhattan Club that night, where we met Dudley
Field and other prominent citizens, all full of the
elections. Mr. Chamberlain dined that night at
Delmonico’s with Henry Edwardes. On the oth
we all paid a visit to Booker, and looked over the
Consulate General, one of the busiest and most
important of all the British consular posts.

On the toth the Chief and I went for a walk in the
afternoon, and left cards on Henry Irving at the
Brunswick. Bergne and I dined with Mr. and Mrs.
Booker that evening at the private hotel where they
lived, and Mr. Chamberlain dined with Mrs. Paran
Stevens to meet the late Duke of Marlborough. His
Grace had called on him at our hotel shortly after
our arrival, and threw out a hint that he would like
to be attached to our Mission. Mr. Chamberlain
could not, however, give him any encouragement in

26 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

that direction, as our number was limited and we
were already “full up.” So they fell back on
“ orchids,” a congenial topic to both. The Duke
was at that time paying his court to the opulent Mrs.
Hammersley, who was then residing in New York,
and who in the following year became his Duchess,
and, three years after his death in 1892, married the
late Lord William Beresford.

On the 11th Bergne, Henry Edwardes, and I dined
at Delmonico’s, where I made my first acquaint-
ance with Maryland terrapin and canvas-back duck,
of both of which I had heard much, but thought them
rather overrated luxuries, the latter especially—not
a patch on a good English wild duck. After dinner
we went to a reception at Gilder’s, the editor of the
Century, and met a lot of distinguished Jittérateurs.
Gilder was quite charming, and a profound admirer
of my old friend Austin Dobson of the Board of
Trade. Altogether it was a most interesting and
illuminating réunion.

On the 12th Bergne and I went down to the North
River Dock in Clarkson Street, where the Etruria
was berthed, to have a final handshake with old Cook,
who was sailing that day for home, and looking for-
ward to rejoining his young wife at Ealing. He too
had been putting up at the Brevoort House, where

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 27

we saw a good deal of him. We wished him bon
voyage, and that was the last time I ever saw that
gallant old mariner, now no longer in the land of
the living.

On the 13th we lunched at Delmonico’s and took
the Elevated Railroad from 6th Avenue to Riverside
Park on the Hudson to see President Grant’s tomb,
the Bookers accompanying us. The gallant general
was buried there on August 8, 1885, with full mili-
tary honours ; the concourse of people along the line
of march was the greatest ever seen in New York.
The tomb itself is an unpretentious stone edifice,
surrounded by iron railings if I remember aright.

Nothing particular occurred on the 14th, excepting
that we went in the evening to the opera Siegfried, to
Mr. Witridge’s box. Mrs. Witridge was a daughter
of Matthew Arnold, and, like her illustrious father,
devoted to dachshunds. She was much interested
in the adventures of a “‘ dachs ” of my own, who had
found his way from Blackheath to Whitehall un-
accompanied. His portrait, and an account of his
marvellous performance, appeared in the Illustrated
London News of November 3, 1883, which I subse-
quently sent to her.

On the 15th, in the evening, Henry Edwardes and
I went to Niblo’s Theatre to hear some minstrels.

28 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

We thought it rather a poor show. Mr. Chamber-
lain was entertained that evening at a banquet given
by the New York Chamber of Commerce, at which
some two hundred of the leading merchants of the
city were present. Bergne went with him. At this
dinner Mr. Chamberlain gave a striking example of
his marvellous memory. Mr. Lamar, ex-Secretary
of the Interior, over whose appointment to a
Supreme Court judgeship there had recently been a
good deal of commotion in the Senate, wound up his
opening speech by remarking that it had been said
by an English poet that “ Commerce is the golden
girdle of the globe.” Probably few men could say
offhand who the poet referred to was, and still fewer
give the exact context. Mr. Chamberlain was, how-
ever, equal to both, and, on rising to reply, said he
could not refrain from completing the quotation, as
it seemed to him so especially apposite to the views
he was anxious to impress on his audience. The
lines, he said, were Cowper’s, and were as follows:
‘““ Again—the band of commerce was designed
To associate all the branches of mankind,

And if a boundless plenty be the robe,
Trade is the golden girdle of the globe.”

They occur in the poem “ Charity,” and you may
search in vain in Bartlett’s and other Dictionaries

Photo: Rice, Washington

CAPTAIN F. H. HINDE

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 29

of Quotations for any reference to them, so it really
was rather a remarkable feat.

The 16th was our last day in New York on this
occasion. We should have started for Washington
sooner but for the fact that Sir Charles Tupper was
detained in Canada by his election in New Bruns-
wick, and no meetings of the joint Commission could
take place till his arrival at Washington.

I should have mentioned earlier that the United
States Government deemed it advisable, as a matter
of precaution, to detail four detectives to “‘ shadow ”
Mr. Chamberlain during his visit. They were
picked men from Pinkerton’s agency, in command of
Captain F. H. Hinde, a very smart, handsome fellow,
who regaled me with many interesting narratives of
his experiences in detective work. He was with us
from the time we left the Etruria till we started on
the return journey. He used to say, “ If any crank
tries to get at Mr. Chamberlain, I guess I'll get
there first.” And I guess he would have, too. The
Chief, who was absolutely fearless in such matters,
loathed being ‘“‘ shadowed,” and nothing pleased him
more than to think he had evaded their watchful
eye, but I don’t think he ever succeeded in doing
so. The “ tecs’’ were never obtrusive, but always
“on the premises.”” Hinde brought me one day a

30 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

quantity of books presented to me by Robert Pink-
erton, written by his distinguished father Allan
Pinkerton, which formed valuable addenda to my
already extensive collection of works on Crimino-
logy. But the Clan na Gael, despite all sorts of
alarming reports, gave us notrouble. An Irish cab-
driver one day recognised Mr. Chamberlain coming
out of Delmonico’s and called out to him, ‘“‘ Don’t
forget ould Ireland, yer honour.” The Chief pro-
mised him that he wouldn’t, with which assurance
the man seemed perfectly satisfied. The last night
in New York, Henry Edwardes and I went to Daly’s
Theatre to see Ada Rehan in the Railroad of Love,
a play which afforded us but little amusement or
enjoyment.

Photo: Bassano, Bond Street
THE LATE CAPTAIN R. C, CLIPPERTON

CHAPTER III
WASHINGTON

WE left New York on the morning of November 17,
and took the ferry to Jersey City. Thence we
journeyed by rail to Washington, which we reached
safely at 4.30. The heat of the car was rather
oppressive. At Philadelphia Captain Clipperton,
Her late Majesty’s Consul, boarded the train and
had a few minutes’ interview with Mr. Chamberlain
and ourselves. He and I had worked together in
the Foreign Office some years previously, and were
always great friends. He was a very popular,
cheery personage, and the best possible company,
as well as an admirable consular officer. I shall
have more to say about him during our halt at
Philadelphia on the return journey. He retired on
a pension in 1898, and died last year. He was uni-
versally respected and beloved by all who knew him,
and by none more than myself. At the depot at
Washington we were met by Sir Lionel Sackville
West, the British Minister, Beauclerk, and Cecil

Spring Rice, who was then a third Secretary in the
31

32 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Legation, a young man of brilliant attainments, who
is now our Ambassador at Washington. In the hall
of the depét my attention was drawn to the spot
where President Garfield was shot by the assassin
Guiteau in July 1881, from the effects of which he
never recovered, and died in the following Sep-
tember. The spot where he fell is marked by a
small brass plate on the floor. Some weeks later I
went over the jail at Washington, and inspected the
cell in which Guiteau was confined prior to his
execution. It will be remembered that an over-
zealous sentry had discharged the contents of his
rifle through the window into the cell, with a view
to settling Guiteau, who, however, lying on his plank
bedstead, escaped unscathed, though one could see
the marks where the bullet had whizzed round the
walls of the cell. The jailer was very anxious I
should purchase a hank of the rope with which the
assassin was hanged, and of which he said he had only
a small piece left. I was warned, however, not to
close with this offer, as he was said already to have
sold enough to souvenir-seekers to reach from
Washington to Baltimore, so I declined his offer
with thanks.

From the depot we proceeded to the Arlington
Hotel, which was our headquarters till the end of the

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 33

following February. I remember how struck I was
with the study in “ black and white ” that the large
dining-hall of this hotel afforded. The black faces
of the shoals of waiters, all clad in white twill, stood
out in striking contrast to the white walls and ceiling ;
and the number of plates piled up one on the top
could

)

of the other that those coloured ‘‘ pussuns ’
support on one hand, while walking at a brisk pace,
without ever a mishap, was a marvellous feat of
balancing. That night Mr. Chamberlain enter-
tained at dinner the Canadian contingent, who had
come with us from New York and were also putting
up at the Arlington. They consisted of Sir Charles
Tupper, G.C.M.G., C.B., one of the three British
Plenipotentiaries and at that time Minister of
Finance in Canada. His distinguished career is too
well known to need recapitulation in detail here.
His knowledge of all the ramifications of the Fishery
question was profound, and being an able debater
as well, it goes without saying that no more valuable
or efficient colleague could have been chosen to co-
operate with Mr. Chamberlain in his difficult task.
Sir Charles was accompanied by the Hon. J. S. D.
Thompson, the Dominion Minister of Justice; by
Major-General D. R. Cameron, his Official Secre-

tary; and Mr. Chipman, his Private Secretary.
Cc

34 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Mr. Wallace Graham, Q.C., and Mr. George John-
son completed the Canadian Delegation.

The Hon. Sir Lionel Sackville West, K.C.M.G.,
then British Minister at Washington, was, as already
stated, the third British Plenipotentiary. He suc-
ceeded to the title of second Baron Sackville on the
death of his brother in 1888 and died in 1908. His
domestic and family affairs have been so fully
exploited of late years in the Law Courts of this
country that it is unnecessary to refer to them
here. He was aman of an extremely reticent nature,
who seldom spoke unless some one spoke to him.
So retiring, indeed, was he that if I remember aright
his only oral contribution to the thirty meetings of
the Conference was the expression of a wish that a
certain window might be closed. I acted as Private
Secretary to Mr. Chamberlain during our stay at
Washington, which involved a tremendous amount
of correspondence with all sorts and conditions of
people on every conceivable topic, ranging from the
provisions of Acts of Parliament affecting landlords
and tenants in Ireland down to the paving of the
streets of Birmingham. I used to go through these
letters with Mr. Chamberlain after breakfast, and
he would tell me wivé voce what he wished said in
reply to the more important ones. Sometimes I

(ATHAMOVS AGVT MON)
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UOPSULYSDA| ‘92LY + 0f0UT UOJSULYSO AL ‘21°F “QD < 0f0ug

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 3s

would ask Sir Lionel when he was sitting in our
working room what answer he would suggest to such
and such a question. He invariably replied with a
chuckle : ‘‘ My dear Maycock, I never express an
opinion.” And so far as I know the only occa-
sion on which he departed from this excellent
maxim resulted in the termination of his diplomatic
career in the autumn of 1888. He never mixed
much in Washington society, and his reclusive
habits were rather incompatible with that popu-
larity which is so essential to success in a diplomatic
career. His three daughters were very nice girls—
the eldest, Victoria, now Lady Sackville, not only
being highly accomplished and endowed with
exceptional beauty and charm of manner, but
invaluable to her father on the rare occasions when
social entertainments took place at the Legation.
The three Plenipotentiaries selected by the United
States Government to represent them at the Con-
ference were Mr. T. F. Bayard, Mr. William L.
Putnam, and Mr. James B. Angell, some particulars
with regard to whom may be of interest. The Hon.
Thomas Francis Bayard held the important post of
Secretary of State in Mr. Cleveland’s administration,
a position which more or less corresponds to that
of Prime Minister in this country, inasmuch as the

36 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

occupant is the senior member of the Cabinet. Mr.
Bayard was born at Wilmington, Delaware, in 1828,
so that when we were at Washington he was in his
sixtieth year. Originally trained for a mercantile
career, he subsequently, like most prominent Ameri-
can statesmen, adopted the legal profession. He
was called to the bar in 1851, and practised for many
years in his native city. Later in life he was elected
Senator for Delaware, and continued to be so with
sundry breaks till he became Secretary of State in
1885, when Mr. Cleveland was elected to the Presi-
dency by the Democrats. He then resigned his seat
in the Senate. Descended from a long line of
ancestors, numbered among the gallant knights and
courtiers conspicuous in the wars of France during
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Mr. Bayard
was a tall and statesmanlike-looking gentleman, who
bore a strong facial resemblance to Professor Faw-
cett. His manner was dignified, courteous, and pre-
possessing. Both at Washington and in later years
in this country he always addressed me as “ Mr.
Willoughby.” He was in every way what the
Americans term a “lovable man.” When Mr.
Grover Cleveland was elected as President for the
second time in 1893, he nominated Mr. Bayard to
proceed to this country as Ambassador. He was

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 37

the first diplomatic agent on whom the United States
had conferred that exalted rank, and by way of
reciprocity the British Minister at Washington, then
Sir Julian Pauncefote, was given a corresponding
status. While accredited to our Court Mr. Bayard
made innumerable friends, and did much to cement
the cordial relations between the two countries. He
entertained on a liberal scale, and was in addition a
good sportsman, a keen deer-stalker in the High-
lands, while his face was not unfamiliar at Epsom,
Ascot, and Newmarket Heath. His one infirmity
was a slight deafness. His death in September
1898 at Dedham, Massachusetts, deprived the
United States of one of their most high-minded,
cultivated, and refined citizens, and a warm admirer
of this country. The year before we went to
Washington Mr. Bayard had sustained two severe
domestic bereavements by the death of his wife
and daughter within a fortnight of one another.

Mr. William L. Putnam was a tall, clean-shaven
gentleman of about fifty-six years of age, and a
Democrat. A lawyer by profession, he had acted as
Counsel for the United States for some two years in
numerous cases involving questions of Treaties and
laws arising out of the Fishery disputes, and he was
also Counsel for the Boston and Maine Railway

38 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Company. Mr. James Burrell Angell was born in
Rhode Island in 1829. At the early age of twenty-
four he was Professor of Modern Languages and
Literature at the Brown University. In politics he
was a Republican, and for some years he was United
States Minister in China. He was widely recog-
nised as a man of high character, largely endowed
with intellectual gifts, and especially well qualified
by nature and experience for diplomatic work ;
moreover, he was a very genial personage. Both
Messrs. Putnam and Angell were staying at the
Arlington, so we naturally saw a good deal of
them, and spent many hours in their congenial
society.

The Hon. J. S. Winter, Attorney-General of
Newfoundland, had also arrived at the Arlington as
Agent of that colony.

On the day after our arrival Mr. Chamberlain re-
ceived a large number of representatives of the press,
and a full report of the meeting appeared the next
day in the Washington Post. It is a good example
of the facetiz of the American reporter, in addition
to being a fairly accurate summary of what passed
on that occasion, so I give it verbatim :

UNITED STATES AND CANADA —§ 39

MR. CHAMBERLAIN TALKS
HE SEES THE NEWSPAPER MEN AT THE ARLINGTON

Commercial Union not likely to be discussed at the Con-
ference—A Peaceable Solution of the Fisheries
Dispute looked forward to.

At five o’clock yesterday evening Mr.Chamberlain,
one of the English Commissioners for the settlement
of the questions in dispute between the English Gov-
ernment and the Government of the United States,
especially the question in regard to the rights of
United States fishermen in Canadian waters, gave
a reception to the newspaper reporters of Washington
and the Washington correspondents of the principal
newspapers in the country. About forty represen-
tatives of the press accepted the invitation, and were
punctually in attendance at the Arlington. Mr.
Bergne, of the British Foreign Office, who arranged
for the interview, received the reporters in the large
parlour on the second floor of the Johnson annexe of
the Arlington. ‘There were sofas and chairs enough
for all, and in the middle of the room stood a large
table well supplied with boxes of cigars, bottles of
various kinds with favourite labels on them, and
several syphons of seltzer water for those who
preferred to take it mild. When all had been
welcomed by Mr. Bergne, and seated around the
hospitable table, Mr. Chamberlain entered by a side
door, dressed in a closely buttoned black Prince
Albert coat and light grey trousers, after the most

40 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

approved English fashion, with the inevitable eyeglass
in his right ocular. His black hair was polished like
a mirror, and he smiled and smiled, and bowed while
he smiled, at the same time making his way across
to the far side of the room, where a chair had been
reserved for him. ‘The reporters rose to receive
him, and as he invited them, by example, to resume
their seats he said, ‘‘ Gentlemen, I am very glad to
meet you. I hope you are all quite well.” After
a short pause and a glance at the table he added,
“‘ Perhaps some of you will smoke a cigar,”’ pointing
to where they lay, and taking another puff at one he
had already lit. The visitors did not yet feel quite
at home, but in order to induce a more comfortable
feeling most of them took cigars. That done, Mr.
Chamberlain, smiling still, with his eyeglass in his
ocular, looked on one side of the company, then on
the other, and seeing no recognised leader whom he
could particularly address, he took another puff at
the cigar, and looking at the upward column of
smoke, as he lengthened it out, he said to the smoke :
‘Well, gentlemen, what can I do to serve you? ”
Then it was that the reporters felt most uneasy.
They didn’t all want to speak at once. No spokes-
man for the party had been appointed, and as they
were all very modest, every man holding that his
neighbour had the best right to speak first, there was
quite a pause before Mr. Chamberlain was informed
how he could best make the company happy.
One questioned him, and then another questioned
him, and then another, until nearly every man
in the company had questioned him, some of

UNITED STATES AND CANADA $41

them several times, but he didn’t object. Mr.
Bergne and two other attachés of the Commission
were present and followed the exchanges of question
and answer closely, ready, if necessary, to give Mr.
Chamberlain information for which he might be
called upon without possessing. Mr. Chamberlain
had never been questioned so before, even at ques-
tion time in the House of Commons, when he was a
prominent member of the Government, and putting
questions to Ministers was a regular and organised
species of disturbance and opposition. All ques-
tions put by the reporters he answered just as he has
been in the habit of answering the endless questions
of troublesome members of the House of Commons.
The answer was always ready and willing. If one
asked a question which had been asked and answered
before, he had an effective way of saying so, with a
smile and focussing of the eyeglass that made the
unfortunate questioner weary, while everybody else
was made merry. A stupid question was sure to be
met with a light sarcastic reply that would make the
gentleman think twice before questioning again.
He didn’t snub anybody, but when anyone required
to be stamped out he crushed him with the same de-
light that he used to experience in crushing a Tory.

The distinguished gentleman seemed to be in the
best of health and spirits. He was clean shaven,
and without the side whiskers which used to be an
important element in his facial make-up. He said
that he and the other British Commissioners, Sir
Lionel Sackville West and Sir Charles Tupper, had
called at the State Department at noon and met the

42 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

American negotiators, Secretary Bayard and Messrs.
Angell and Putnam ; that they had arranged to meet
the President at twelve o’clock to-day, and that on
Monday the first conference between the negotiators
would be held at the State Department. How long
a time would be required to reach a conclusion he
could not say, could not even guess, nor could he
say that the negotiators would meet from day to day
without any intervals. He believed that all parties
were ready to begin work, and that nobody had any
desire to delay the progress ofthe work. Asto the con-
ferences, he believed they would be strictly private :
that none would be present but the six Commis-
sioners, three on each side; that none of those
numerous secretaries and legal advisers who accom-
panied himself from London and came with Sir
Charles Tupper from Canada would be admitted to
the conferences ; and that the only report or record
made of the proceeding would be a brief protocol
drawn up at the end of each conference by the Com-
missioners themselves, the protocol being simply
the minutes in brief of the conference. As for a
stenographic report of what is to be said, or of any
part of what is to be said by the Commissioners, he
had not thought of such a thing, and did not suppose
it would be thought of.

“Our business,” he said, “is to settle all ques-
tions in dispute between the two Governments.”
He said that the scope of the negotiations might
widen out so as to take in many other questions,
besides those in dispute about the rights of United
States fishermen in Canadian waters. Regarding

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 43

the scheme of a commercial union between Canada
and the United States, he said he had no idea that it
would be even mentioned in the negotiations. “ I
do not think Canada wants it,”’ said he, ‘‘ and I do
not think the United States wants it. Sir Charles
Tupper, the Canadian member of the Commission,
is not likely to propose it, and certainly I shall not,
and I have no expectation that the question will be
raised by the representatives of the United States.”
He spoke as if he repudiated the idea of such a
commercial union as chimerical. He said he did
not believe the United States Government was yet
prepared for open free trade with all the world, and
that’s what such a union with Canada would mean
for the United States, because, as soon as the United
States would begin to admit Canadian goods free of
duty, the trade of all the world might reach the
United States through Canada free. It would be
impossible in practice to say that articles made in
England or in Germany had not been made in
Canada. Besides, Canada could not make any
commercial treaty with the United States without
the sanction of the British Government. Some-
body suggested that, according to Mr. Butterworth
and Mr. Wiman, no treaty was required ; that the
commercial union could be effected by legislation
alone. Mr. Chamberlain, being prompted by Mr.
Bergne, answered that point by saying that the
Imperial Government could veto any such legisla-
tion on the part of Canada. He said that if there
was a universal demand for such a commercial union
in Canada and the United States, he did not believe

44 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the English Government would oppose it. But that
state of things had not been realised, and if it ever
came it would involve a review of the relations be-
tween Canada and the mother country, so that the
proposition of a commercial union between Canada
and the United States will not come within the scope
of these negotiations.

About the powers of the English Commissioners,
Mr. Chamberlain explained that they were pleni-
potentiary in the full sense of the term; that they
might conclude and consummate a Treaty without
referring it to either House of Parliament. He re-
marked, however, that it was customary to make
some communication to Parliament in relation to any
Treaty, and if it appeared that Parliament was
opposed to it the Ministry, though in that matter
independent of Parliament, would not be likely to
insist upon it. The theory is that the Queen has
absolute power to make Treaties, but, as happens
now in regard to a great many other such theories,
the Queen or her Ministers would hardly ever think
of acting in opposition to Parliament or without
consulting Parliament about it. Mr. Chamberlain.
however, has no doubt whatever about the accept-
ance by the English and Canadian Governments oi
any agreement which the Commission may succeec
in making. ‘“ And surely,” said he, referring to the
alleged threats of some Republican Senators—
‘“‘ Surely no member of the United States Congres:
would be so unreasonable as to say that he would no:
ratify a Treaty before he knows what kind of a Treaty
is going to be submitted for his consideration.”

UNITED STATES AND CANADA § 4s

Being informed that at one time there was a feeling
in this country that something like a war between
Great Britain and the United States might result from
the Fishery troubles, and being asked if there was any
similar apprehension in England, Mr. Chamberlain
said, with great earnestness, that he was sure that
the possibility of a war between the United States
and Great Britain never entered the head of any
sensible man in England. He added that he be-
lieved if nothing at all were done regarding the dis-
puted interpretations of the Treaty of 1818, out of
which all the Fisheries troubles have arisen, the local
irritation might continue, but no war would ensue.
The trouble would be mostly confined to the agencies
employed in administering the law under that Treaty.

Being asked again if he thought that the only effect
of a failure to agree upon a new Treaty now would
be a continuation of the local troubles between the
Canadians and the American fishermen, and a
continuation of diplomatic correspondence, Mr.
Chamberlain was not willing to contemplate such a
contingency. But he admitted the ultimate possi-
bility of the patriotic pride of the Americans or the
patriotic pride of the English getting up, and when
that was excited he admitted there would be danger,
but such a state of affairs he regarded as very remote.
He expressed the opinion that in this country and in
England the newspapers were probably a little more
bloodthirsty than the people. Some one having
asked him if it was not true that the Canadian news-
papers had expressed a decided apprehension of a
war with the United States, Mr. Chamberlain said

46 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

he didn’t know anything about the Canadian news-
papers, and he presumed that they were not any
better informed than other sources of information.

The distinguished gentleman concluded by telling
the reporters, in reply to a question, that he had no
idea whatever of the chances that the Liberal-
Unionists in England and the Gladstone Liberals
would ever again be united. “ One thing is cer-
tain,’ said he, ‘‘ Gladstone’s scheme of Home
Rule for Ireland will never pass the British Parlia-
ment. Itis dead. Mr. Gladstone himself has said
it is dead. If he should come round to my idea
of local self-government for Ireland, or if he should
frame a scheme of Home Rule for Ireland that I
could approve, I should co-operate with him to-
morrow. My idea of Home Rule for Ireland is
something like the Home Rule that the different
provinces of Canada enjoy. It differs at some
points with the relations between the United States
Government and the individual States of the
Union.”

The reporters formed the impression that Mr.
Chamberlain was a very affable, obliging, pleasant
gentleman, one who knew enough not to say too
much, yet much more communicative than the
average English official, and much less reserved than
the average English gentleman. He submitted to
all the questioning of the reporters with the utmost
grace and good humour, and answered with perfect
candour. When he could not answer he said so.
When asked if the English Government had imposed
a definite limit to the concessions which he might

Photo: Geo, C. Gwynne, Washington

THE LATE PRESIDENT GROVER CLEVELAND

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 47

make he answered straightforwardly that his instruc-
tions were confidential. He never for an instant
manifested any impatience or showed any disposi-
tion to make people ‘“‘ mind their own business,”
which is a prominent characteristic in the average
English official.”

On the morning of Saturday, November 19, Sir
Lionel West called and took us all over to the
State Department, when we were introduced to
Mr. Bayard, who made himself very agreeable. He
subsequently escorted us all to the White House just
opposite, to be presented to the President, who re-
ceived us in his office. Seated in a revolving chair,
he chatted principally with Mr. Chamberlain on
commonplace topics, but made no allusion to the
object of our Mission.

Grover Cleveland was born at Caldwell, New
Jersey, in 1837, so was just fifty at this time. In his
early days he had seen a good many ups and downs,
when “ dollars” had been none too plentiful; but
he was a man of determination and a hard worker.
He was called to the bar in 1859, and for some time
practised law at Buffalo, where he rose to be District
Attorney. In 1881 he became Mayor of Buffalo,
in 1883 Governor of New York, and in 1884 he was
elected President of the United States in the Demo-

48 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

cratic interests. He was a stout man, rather like
Edmund Yates in appearance, with a dark brown
moustache, but no other hirsute appendages. In
1886 he married his ward, a sweetly pretty girl of
twenty-two, daughter of his whilom friend and
business associate, Oscar Folsom of Buffalo. After
a honeymoon in the Alleghanies, the President
brought his young bride to the White House, and,
though she was the youngest woman that had ever
occupied that proud position, it was generally con-
ceded that as ‘‘ The first Lady in the Land” she
maintained her position with dignity, and a charm
of manner that made her universally popular, though
she mixed but little in the whirl of fashionable
society. Some weeks later Mr. Willie Endicott,
son of the Secretary of War and brother to the
present Mrs. Chamberlain, took me to tea with her,
and I found her most charming and affable. She
was greatly amused at my being announced as “ Mr.
Haycock.” It fairly “ tickled her to death,” as they
say across the pond. Mrs. Cleveland was always a
very devoted wife to her old husband, who died in
New Jersey in 1908. She married a second time,
a year or two ago, Professor Thomas Jex Preston of
Princetown University.

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CHAPTER IV
WASHINGTON (continued)

As Monday, November 21, was the date of the first
meeting of the Plenipotentiaries in conference at the
State Department, it marks a stage at which it is
fitting to open a fresh chapter. The photograph
opposite, taken by Mr. Rice of Pennsylvania Avenue,
gives excellent likenesses of the six Commissioners
and their two Protocolists, the gentlemen on whom
the duty devolved of taking down a record of the
proceedings. Bergne officiated in this capacity for
our people, and Mr. John B. Moore, third Assistant
Secretary of State in the State Department, per-
formed a like office for the Americans. Mr. Moore
was a very efficient and agreeable gentleman, and is
well known as the compiler of many useful official
publications, especially a very exhaustive and valu-
able work on Extradition. That evening Mr.
Chamberlain, Sir Charles Tupper, Henry Edwardes,
Bergne, Beauclerk, and I went to Albaugh’s ‘Theatre

to see Richard Mansfield in Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
49 D

so WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Hyde. It was Mansfield’s great part, and he played
it remarkably well. There was a packed house, the
President and his wife occupying the box opposite
to ours.

One of the earliest social functions we attended
was an afternoon reception—s5 to 7—in Mr. Cham-
berlain’s honour given by Doctor and Mrs. N. S.
Lincoln. Of the many ladies who were present on
this occasion some wore morning dress, and others
low-necked evening attire, which struck me as odd.
I recollect meeting there two pretty Miss Tiffanys
who hailed from Baltimore. They asked me to
indicate which was Mr. Chamberlain. When I
pointed him out, one of them exclaimed, ‘‘ Why! I

'»

guess he’s just lovely They paid no such com-
pliment tome, alas! My old friend Edmund Yates
had cabled to me at New York to send him a few
notes of our doings for The World, and I couldn’t
resist telling him this little story, which the Pall
Mall reproduced with an illustration. I’m not sure
that the Chief quite appreciated it when he saw it.
The artist, Mr. (now Sir) F. C. Gould, hardly did
him justice on that occasion. The Westminster
Gazette had not been born then.

We were having abnormally hot weather for the

time of year in Washington, which enabled me to

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 51

get some lawn-tennis on a gravel court affected by
the Legation. On November 26, I have a note in
my diary that it was 80° in our working room without
afire. ‘That evening the Wests gave a big reception
in the Chief’s honour at the Legation, of which the
following account appeared next day in the Post :

MINISTER WEST’S RECEPTION

A BRILLIANT THRONG ASSEMBLES TO MEET
MR. CHAMBERLAIN

The reception last night at the British Legation to
Mr. Chamberlain and the members of the Fisheries
Commission was the most brilliant social event of the
season. The Legation was aglow with light and
extremely elegant in its new adornments, and com-
fortably crowded from ro o’clock to midnight with
a gathering of the representative people in society.
Sir Lionel West and Miss West stood at the right of
the entrance to the drawing-room to receive their
guests, presenting each to Mr, Chamberlain and the
other gentlemen. ‘The younger Miss West soon led
the dancers to the ballroom, where excellent music,
a well-waxed floor, plenty of partners, and every other
incentive to enjoyment awaited all. Miss West wore
a dainty costume of pink satin veiled in tulle, Miss
Flora West was in black tulle garlanded with flowers,
and Miss Amalie West in pink tulle sprayed with
white blossoms. Light refreshments, with cool
punches and wines, were served during the evening.

s2 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

The supper table had a centre of maiden-hair fern,
tied crosswise with pink ribbons.

Among the guests were :

Mrs. Whitney, in steel embroidered tulle and
corded silk, Mrs. Forbes in cream-tinted faille.
Mr. and Mrs. John Chew, Mr. and Miss Endicott,
-Miss Maccomb, Mrs. J. V. L. Pruyn and daughter.
Justice and Mrs. Matthews, Miss Matthews and
Miss Rhinelander, Justice and Mrs. Blatchford,
Justice and Miss Bradley, Admiral and Mrs. Frank-
lin, Miss Sands, the Misses Page, Dr. and Mrs. N.S.
Lincoln, the Italian Minister, Sefior and Mme.
Guzman, Sefior and Mme. Romero, Senator and
Mrs. Dolph, Mr and Mrs. Nixon, Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Riggs, Miss Janie Riggs, Madame and Miss
Carter, Gen. and Mrs. Sheridan, Senator and Mrs.
Butler, Senator Call, Gen. Beale, the Misses Hunt,
Mr. John McLean, Col. and Mme. Bonaparte, Mr.
and Mrs. Bugher, Mr. George Eustis and wife, Mrs.
Stratford Dugdale from England, Mr. and Miss
Berry, Col. and Mrs. John Hay, Mr. Ferguson, M.P.,
and Miss Ferguson, Mr. Roustan, Mr. Spring Rice,
Mr. Beauclerk, the Swedish Minister and Mme. de
Reuterskiold, Sefior Murnaga, Baron von Zedwitz,
Count Sala, Admiral and Mrs. Almy, ex-Minister
Foster and wife, Representative and Mrs. Hitt, and
the Danish Minister.

Miss West was, as always, the gentle and thought-
ful hostess. Many of the recently added adornments
of the Legation Rooms are the product of either her
taste in selection or arrangement, and the spacious

Tork

Jew J

Falk, N

Photo :

MRS. CHAMBERLAIN)

SS ENDICOTT (

MI

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 33

rooms have assumed quite a homelike air in con-
sequence.

I have often heard irresponsible people in society
say that Mr. Joseph Chamberlain met his present
wife long before his first visit to America. This,
however, is not a fact. He was first introduced to
Miss Endicott by Miss West at this reception at the
Legation, and, with that quickness of perception
which is one of his strongest characteristics, he was
at once most favourably impressed with her. I well
remember his telling me so one evening when we
were walking home together from some party.
There is no necessity for me to embark on a eulogy
of Mrs. Chamberlain, whom I regard as the “ very
salt of the earth,” firstly because my pen would be
wholly inadequate to do her justice, and secondly
because her many charms and estimable qualities
are already so well known and appreciated by those
who are fortunate enough to enjoy her acquaintance.
But it may be permissible to quote what was said of
her and her mother in a brochure entitled Society
in Washington, published just prior to our arrival :

“Miss Ellen Peabody, daughter of George Pea-
body of Salem, the same stock as the great philan-
thropist of Danvers, became Mrs. Endicott in 1859.

54 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

She is a tall, stately lady, and a little younger than
the Secretary. She reminds one of the highborn
ladies of the olden days. Her daughter, Mary E.
Endicott, assists in the social entertainments of the
War Secretary’s home. She s the embodiment of
New England feminine culture. Her figure is of a
distinguished mould, and her manners the same.
Her face is an index to an intelligent and well-stored
mind.”

Mrs. Chamberlain’s father is thus referred to in
the same book :

“The Secretary of War, William Crowninshield
Endicott, represents the old Puritan stock of Gover-
nor John Endicott, who was sent out in 1628 by the
Massachusetts Company to take charge of their
affairs at Salem. This son of that blue-blooded
ancestry was born one hundred and ninety-eight
years after, on the same spot. From 1873 to 1882
he was Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of
Massachusetts, and in 1884 President Cleveland
chose him as the representative of that better type of
Northern Democracy which regards statesmanship
as something more than office farming. ‘The Secre-
tary is a man of middle stature and somewhat grey.
In conversation, while reserved, possibly the result
of the judicial habit, he is still affable and satisfying.’

Mr. Endicott was called to his rest in the spring
of 1900, but his widow is still alive and well and re.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 55

sides in Massachusetts, though she frequently comes
to Europe to visit her daughter, to whom she is
devotedly attached, and whom she nursed with such
untiring care and attention at the time of her critical
illness at Cannes two years ago. I may add that,
when he gave up his judicial duties in 1882, Mrs.
Chamberlain’s late father came to this country for
some months, and was often the guest of the late Lord
Herschell, who was then Solicitor-General in Mr.
Gladstone’s Administration; and, although his
daughter accompanied him on that occasion, she did
not, as already stated, make Mr. Chamberlain’s
acquaintance until five years later.

To revert for a moment to this reception at the
Legation. One of the most prominent men to
whom we were introduced on that occasion was
Lt.-General Philip H. Sheridan, whose distinguished
cavalry exploits in the war between the North and
South won him immortal fame. Short in stature,
rather stout, with a florid countenance, and a rather
bashful and retiring manner, “ Little Phil,” as his
soldiers called him, looked every inch the soldier.
Sheridan, Grant, and Sherman, as every reader of
history knows, were the three most distinguished
Federal leaders in that great struggle. General
Sherman lived in practical retirement in New York

56 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

at this time, until his death in 1891, so that, as far as
mixing in society went, Sheridan was the sole sur-
vivor of that illustrious trio. General Sherman’s
daughter caused some sensation in New York
in 1889 or thereabouts by interviewing herself for
one of the newspapers. His brother, John Sherman,
of whom we saw a good deal at Washington during
our Mission, was a Senator from Ohio. The two
brothers bore a strong facial resemblance to one
another, though the Senator had a genial expression
wholly absent in his brother’s stern countenance,
which was hard, resolute, and thoroughly character-
istic of his brilliant but somewhat relentless record.

It was at this party that I first met Colonel John
Hay and his opulent wife ; also Mrs. Whitney, the
wife of the Secretary of the Navy, the recognised
leader of Washington society, who both in manner
and appearance reminded me greatly of the late
Lady Salisbury.

On Sunday, the 27th, the Chief, Bergne, Beau-
clerk, and I chartered a landau and pair with a black
man as charioteer, and drove out some fourteen
miles to see the great Falls of the Potomac. The
water was low owing to the drought, and the falls
were not impressive in consequence; but the
scenery and rugged rocks were picturesque, and as

UNITED STATES AND CANADA - 57

it was a sunny day the picnic—for we took some
lunch with us—was a pleasant one.

On Monday, the 28th, we all dined at the Legation,
and met, among others, Senator Donald Cameron
and his pretty young wife ; Mrs. Stratford Dugdale
from Warwickshire ; Mr. Munro Ferguson, M_P.,
and his sister, who were on a pleasure tour in the
States ; and Mr. Dudley Rider, also from England.
Mrs. Cameron was a niece of the two Shermans
already referred to, and was the Senator’s second
wife. She was quite one of the most beautiful and
attractive women in Washington at that time, and
extremely popular in society. I much regret being
unable to include her portrait in this book, but in a
letter I had from her the other day from Paris she
assures me she does not possess one herself. She
had a dear little precocious baby girl who was just
beginning to find the use of her tongue, calling
Spring Rice ‘‘ Ping Mice,” and is now the wife of
my friend the Hon. Roland Charles Lindsay, M.V.O.,
of our Diplomatic service, but at present seconded
for service as Under Secretary in the Ministry of
Finance at Cairo.

The next day Mr. Chamberlain, Bergne, and I met
a large party of Senators and high officials at Mr.
Wharton’s house. Mr. Wharton held the office of

58 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN 'THE

Examiner of Claims in the State Department, and
is well known as the author of the standard Ameri-
can work on International Law. In the evening
Messrs. Putnam and Angell entertained the Chief at
dinner at the Arlington, a report of which, as given
in the New York Herald of the following day, is
appended :

MR. CHAMBERLAIN DINED

AN ORCHID DINNER GIVEN TO THE FISHERIES COM-
MISSIONERS AT THE CAPITAL

(From our regular correspondent)

WasHINGTON, November 29, 1887.—The dinner
given by Messrs Putnam and Angell, the American
negotiators for the settlement of the fisheries ques-
tions, to the British Commissioners at the Arlington
Hotel this evening was the most expensive as to
floral decorations ever given there, the table being
adorned solely with orchids and ferns.

As a special compliment to Mr. Joseph Chamber-
lain, who is believed to have the finest collection of
orchids in England, Mr. Putnam desired to give
him an “ orchid dinner,’ and it was done. The
florists employed to furnish the flowers and plants
say they had to telegraph to one hundred different
places, east, north, and west, to secure enough orchids
for this dinner.

The guests of Messrs. Putnam and Angell besides
Mr. Chamberlain were Sir Charles Tupper, Sir

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UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 59

Lionel S. Sackville West, the British Minister,
Secretary Bayard, Chief Justice Waite, Justices
Miller, Field, and Gray, of the United States Su-
preme Court; Judge Cooley, of the Interstate
Commerce Commission; Senators Hale, Palmer,
Allison, and Butler ; Admiral Rodgers ; Commodore
Harmony; Mr. Thompson, Minister of Justice of
Canada; Judge Bancroft Davis, and Mr. Sigourney
Butler.

I dined the same evening with the late Judge John
Davis, and met a very cheery party of twelve in all,
and a galaxy of pretty women, including Miss Grant,
—now Lady Essex,—Miss Gwynne, a very charming
“bachelor lady,’’ Miss Maccomb, and sundry others.
Spring Rice was also there. The Judge was a capital
fellow, full of amusing anecdotes, and the best pos-
sible company. He had held several important
posts in the State Department, had been called to
the bar in 1875, and ten years later President Cleve-
land made him Associate Justice of the United States
Court of Claims. When I left England my dear old
friend Arthur Guest, now, alas! no longer with us,
gave me a letter of introduction to the Judge, whom
he knew intimately and liked much. Mrs. Davis
was a daughter of Mr. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen,
Secretary of State in President Arthur’s Adminis-
tration. She was one of the handsomest and most

60 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

entertaining women I ever met on either side of the
Atlantic, and we became great friends. She was
deservedly popular, and greatly admired in Washing-
ton in those days. I suppose it was my asking
more than once for a light for my cigarettes that
prompted her to present me with a pretty little silver
light-box, inside of which was written on a slip of
paper, ‘‘ For my matchless friend.” Quite a pretty
compliment, was it not? I still retain that little box,
and value it as a souvenir of a very agreeable friend-
ship. But I once nearly lost it. About two years
after our return the Judge and Mrs. Davis came over
to England, and were staying at Maidenhead in rooms
close to the Guards’ Club. I was staying at Bray at
the time, and went up in a launch belonging to some
friends to Maidenhead to pay my respects to them.
Disembarking from the launch opposite Skindles, I
thought I heard something drop into the water, and
felt for my watch, but that was there all right. Later
on I felt for my matchbox, but in vain. It was that
which had fallen out of my flannel jacket. I asked a
boatman to try and recover it, promising him a fairly
liberal reward, but I heard no more, and looked upon
itas lost. A month or six weeks later, I was down at
Maidenhead again, and saw my friend the boatman.
He told me he had tried in vain to find my lost match-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 61

box, and pointed out where he had trawled for it. I
said, “ Will you have one more try, a little more to the
right ?”? He promised he would, and sure enough he
was successful, and to my great joy my little silver box
arrived in London by registered post. I tell this
story, for to say the least it is a remarkable coincidence
that I should let fall into the Thames, within rooyards
of where the donor was then residing, a present given
to me by her over 2000 miles from home, and that
I should have got it back after all, when it had
lain for some weeks in the bed of the river.
Funny things do happen in this best of all possible
worlds !

The Judge died some years ago, and his widow
subsequently became Mrs. M‘Cauley, her husband
being a naval attaché. My latest advices from
Washington are to the effect that she is still as
popular as ever, and the life and soul of the society
of the Capital.

There is nothing of moment to record for the next
few days. The Plenipotentiaries met two or three
times a week at the State Department, and of course
the reports that we sent home of the proceedings kept
Bergne and me busy with our pens. The following
description of the meetings, and the room in which
they were held, appeared in the Washington Post :

62 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

“The diplomatic receptionroom,inwhichthe Com-
missioners meet, is the most sumptuous apartment
Uncle Sam has yet furnished. It is on the second
floor of the huge State War and Navy Building,
adjoining Secretary Bayard’s office chamber to the
west. It is twenty-five feet wide by forty in length.
Its huge windows look out to the south over the
tawny Potomac and the great white shaft of the
Washington Monument. ‘The Commissioners sit
at a magnificent ebony table drawn up near the mas-
sive old-fashioned fireplace at the west end of the
room. Here and there, in careless arrangement,
over the highly polished oak floor are scattered
Bokhara rugs of the most exquisite pattern and
colour. Inthe centre of the room is a large circular
divan. The walls are painted a yellow green, and
the groined iron ceilings are done in a light
modern Pompeian shade, and stencilled in colours
that suggest very strongly the interior of a Pullman
Palace car. All the furniture of the room—the
heavy, sumptuous chairs and sofas—is made of
highly polished ebony and upholstered in sage-
green brocades.

“The English Commissioners sit on the right hand
side of the table near the window, with the American
Commissioners facing them. Mr. Chamberlain
lounges easily in his chair, his big gold-rimmed eye-
glass seldom being out of his eye. Adjoining him on
his left is the heavy leonine figure of Sir Charles
Tupper, who is a genuine Englishman in every word
and move. Sir Lionel Sackville West, a slight, red-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 63

bearded,* tow-haired man, whose looks greatly belie
his ability and good nature, sits on the eastern end
of the table, facing President Angell, a man with a
saturnine, heavily-bearded face, a pattern of the old-
fashioned New England deacon. Mr. Putnam, his
co-Commissioner, sits on his right, a soft-faced
gentleman of very modest and unassuming manners.
On his right, and facing Mr. Chamberlain, sits Secre-
tary Bayard. Hung about the rooms are the por-
traits of the various statesmen who have reached
the high honour of being Secretary of State. Ex-
actly over the head of Mr. Chamberlain, with his
black tropical eyes bent down penetratingly upon
Mr. Bayard’s face, is the portrait of James G. Blaine.
On the wall facing the English Commissioners is the
sallow, massive countenance of Daniel Webster,
painted by Healey in 1843, and across the room,
nearly over the British Minister’s head, hangs
Healey’s magnificent portrait of Lord Ashburton,
which he painted in 1848, and which Congress
bought of Fletcher Webster’s widow for $3000.
These two portraits commemorate the famous

treaty of 1842, which settled the northern boundary
question.”

On December 6, Mr. Chamberlain, Bergne, and I
dined with Colonel John Hay, who with his wife
occupied one of the finest houses in Washington, in
I Street I think it was. We met a large party there,

* Sir Lionel had no red in his beard, which was dark brown, inter-
mingled with some grey streaks.—W. M.

64 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

chiefly composed of Republican Senators, Evarts
Sherman, Hawley, Allison, Hale, Hoar, and Ed
munds. ‘The last named was the oldest member c
the Senate, and he did me the honour of taking m
arm into dinner. The conversation was principall
on the subject of the President’s free-trade messag
issued that day. Colonel Hay was at that tim
engaged, in conjunction with his old colleague Joh
G. Nicolay, in writing the life of Abraham Lincoln
which came out in the Century Magazine from 188|
to 1890, and which, with sundry additions, was pub
lished in ten volumes in 1890. After dinner thi
Colonel showed us a lot of interesting old MSS
which he kept in a portfolio, including zmter alia th«
original draft Proclamation abolishing slavery, it
Old Abe’s own handwriting.

Colonel Hay was born at Salem, Indiana, in 1838
and was therefore in his fiftieth year at this time
He was of Scottish descent. He was educated a
Brown University, and after being called to the ba:
he was, in 1861, admitted to practice in the Supreme
Court at Springfield, Illinois, where he became
associated with Abraham Lincoln, who was also :
barrister in that city. When Lincoln became Presi-
dent he took Hay with him to Washington as hi:
Private Secretary, and the latter remained hi

UNITED STATES AND CANADA _ 65

trusted and intimate friend till the date of his assassi-
nation by Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre in 1865.
During the Civil War he was aide-de-camp to
the President, and throughout that momentous
struggle he was actively employed both at head-
quarters and on the field of battle, when he was
made a Colonel in the Federal Army. When peace
was restored he commenced his diplomatic career as
Secretary of Legation at Paris, whence he proceeded
to Vienna and subsequently to Madrid, where he
served under the celebrated General Daniel Sickles.
Returning to the States in 1870, he took up journal-
ism, and was for some years a writer for the Tribune,
and acted as editor of that paper when Mr. Whitelaw
Reid was absent in Europe. It was to that organ
that he contributed his celebrated Pike County
Ballads, the best known of which are “‘ Jim Bludso ”
and ‘‘ Little Breeches.” In 1875 he won the hand
of Miss Stone, a charming and wealthy heiress,
whose father, it is said, left her, after she became
Mrs. Hay, the best part of a million of money, as
well as a palatial residence in Cleveland, Ohio, and
another mansion in Washington. From 1879 to
1881 Colonel Hay served under President Hayes as
Assistant Secretary of State, and in 1897 he succeeded

Mr. Bayard as Ambassador in this country, when I
E

66 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

had many opportunities of renewing my acquaint-
ance with him. He was a quiet and reserved man.
but his career was so remarkable and so varied that
I may be forgiven for recording it in some detail.
He left this country in 1898 to take up his duties as
Secretary of State at Washington, and died in 1905,
deeply regretted by all who knew him. He never
cared to talk much about the poetical efforts of his
younger days, though they had won for him no little
renown outside the limits of his own country. Of
the Senators we met that night Mr. Evarts had a
fund of amusing anecdotes, and was quite famous as
a raconteur. It was largely due to his influence and
support that the diplomatic representative of the
United States in this country was first given the
rank of Ambassador.

On December 7 Mr. Chamberlain dined with the
Endicotts, and on the following night he, Bergne,
Beauclerk, and I went to see Fim the Penman at the
National Theatre. It was very well done by a
company from the Madison Square Theatre in New
York, Ian Forbes Robertson playing Baron Hart-
feld, and Miss Ada Dyas, Mrs. Ralston the forger’s

wife.

CHAPTER V
WASHINGTON (concluded)

On the night of December 9 Mr. Whitney—the
Secretary of the Navy, and who may be said to have
been the founder of the modern United States navy
—and Mrs. Whitney gave a grand banquet at their
large house in I Street in honour of Mr. Chamber-
lain. Bergne and I dined that evening with Henry
Edwardes and his pretty wife, both of whom were
most hospitable to us all throughout our stay. Miss
Endicott and Miss Gwynne completed our little
party of six, and a very pleasant evening we spent,
going on to the Whitneys’ reception afterwards. It
was there that I was introduced to Mrs. Cleveland,
who invited me to the tea to which I have already
alluded. ‘The Whitney banquet was thus described
in the Washington Post of the following day :

“Secretary and Mrs. Whitney gave a handsome
dinner last night to Hon. Joseph Chamberlain.
Covers were laid for twenty guests. The others
were Speaker and Mrs. Carlisle, Secretary and Mrs.
Fairchild, Secretary Endicott, Mr. and Mrs. Angell,

67

68 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Mr. and Mrs. Putnam, Secretary Bayard, Mrs.
Macalester Laughton, Admiral and Mrs. Franklin,
Sir Lionel West, Sir Charles Tupper, Miss Hunt,
and Mrs. Hitt. The table was the very latest ex-
ample of extreme New York elegance. All the
decorations were in gold and white. The centre-
piece, a large bowl of Bohemian glass, in white and
gilt, was filled with white roses and their foliage,
with sprays of maidenhair fern. ‘This rested on a
scarf, about a yard long, of milk-white Persian silk,
embroidered at the ends in gold thread. At the ends
of the table were two candelabra, the candles tipped
with gold and with lace shades. Gold dishes of
bon-bons were the only other ornaments or food
put on before the dinner was served. ‘The napkins,
of hem-stitched linen, bore a richly embroidered
‘“W’ on the upper fold, and near each cover was
the name card, very small and gilt-edged. Speaker
Carlisle escorted Mrs. Whitney to table and Secre-
tary Whitney took Mrs. Carlisle. After dinner the
company adjourned to the ballroom, where, about
ten, the guests invited in to meet Mr. Chamberlain
began to arrive. A brilliant reception followed in
the next hour, the room being comfortably crowded
with about one hundred or so of friends of the hos-
tess. This elegant entertainment to Mr. Chamber-
lain was a fitting prelude to the commencement of
his return hospitalities, which begins to-night in a
large dinner party.”

William Collins Whitney was a remarkably able
and very popular personage, dignified in appearance

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 69

and possessed of a ready wit and brilliant conver-
sational powers. He came of an ancient lineage,
being a descendant of the English Puritan, John
Whitney, who was one of the party that accom-
panied Sir Richard Salenstall to New England in
1635. He graduated at Yale in 1863, and subse-
quently in the law school of Harvard. He practised
as a lawyer in New York, and soon took a prominent
part in politics in the Democratic interest, and was
a strong opponent of the Tammany Hall Ring. He
became Counsel to the New York Corporation, and
codified the laws of that city. He was appointed
Secretary of the Navy on Mr. Cleveland’s first
election to the Presidency, and when the end of his
tenure of office came the United States possessed
thirteen modern war vessels either contracted for or
completed during his Secretaryship, and nine more
in course of construction. He retired from politics
somewhere about 1896. Mr. Whitney possessed an
abnormal amount of real estate. He was the largest
private landowner in New York State; had a large
property of 2000 acres and a mansion in South Caro-
lina ; another in Long Island, where he had a private
training ground for his racehorses, being a keen
supporter of the Turf ; 700 acres of land in Massa-
chusetts; extensive game preserves in October

70 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Mountain ; another preserve of some 16,000 acres in
the Adirondacks ; a lodge and private golf links at
Blue Mountain Lake; a stock farm in the Blue
Grass Country, Kentucky ; and a palatial residence
in 5th Avenue, New York.

In 1869 he married Miss Flora Payne, daughter of
an opulent Ohio Senator and one of the earliest and
largest owners of the Standard Oil Trust. She
brought him a large fortune. She was a perfect
hostess, rather stout, graceful and engaging in con-
versation, and universally beloved. I have already
observed that she reminded me very much of the
late Lady Salisbury in her halcyon days. She died
in 1892, leaving four children. Her eldest daughter
became Mrs. Almeric Paget. Her eldest son,
Harry Payne Whitney, married the eldest daughter
of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and her second son married
a daughter of Colonel John Hay.

Mr. W. C. Whitney married again in 1896 Mrs.
Randolph, widow of Captain Arthur Randolph of
East Court, Wilts. She was formerly a Miss May,
a well-known beauty from one of the Southern
States. This poor lady met with a terrible riding
accident while hunting in South Carolina: her
horse bolted with her, and ran under a low bridge,
sweeping her from the saddle and inflicting terrible

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 71

injuries to the vertebrze of the neck, which was all but
broken. She lingered for a year and finally died in
Long Island. Her husband felt her death most
acutely.

Mr. Whitney commenced racing in this country
in rgoo, and in the following year Volodyovski,
whom he leased from Lady Meux, won our Derby
in his colours, Eton blue and brown cap, though he
was not present himself on that occasion, being re-
presented by his son, Harry Payne Whitney, who led
the winner in. Lady Meux happened to be in the
next box to the one I occupied on that eventful day
in the grand stand, and I well remember how jubi-
lant she was at the victory of her horse. Mr.
Whitney died in America in February 1904.

The day after the Whitneys’ party Mr. Chamber-
lain gave a grand banquet at the Arlington to his
American colleagues on the Conference, the follow-
ing account of which appeared in the Post the next
day :

“‘ Hon. Joseph Chamberlain banqueted last night
at the Arlington all the members of the Fisheries
Commission as a return courtesy for the dinner
given in his honour by Messrs. Putnam and Angell,
the American negotiators, a fortnight since. Covers

were laid for twenty guests, including all the mem-
bers of the Commission, its Secretaries, and gentle-

72 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

men of the English Legation. Mr. Chipman, the
Secretary to Sir Charles Tupper, owing to indis-
position was not present. The table decorations
were exceedingly fine, and were designed entirely
by Mr. Chamberlain. He personally supervised
all the final arrangements, just before his guests
assembled. The spread of fine damask had as its
centrepiece a circular bed of maidenhair fern, in
which nodded a dozen or so gigantic specimens of
American Beauties—great fully blown red roses.
Flanking this at either end were small circles of
ferns sprayed with La France and American Beauty
Roses. Smilax twined ina full garland was stretched
in curious twists and circles as a connecting-link
between the flower-beds, and here and there in its
windings was a long-stemmed rose, negligently
thrown, but completing and beautifying the whole
with wonderful artistic success. The boutonniéres
were tiny sprays of lilies of the valley with leaves of
their own. ‘The menus were very unique, and form
a pleasing souvenir of the occasion. They were
designed by Mr. Chamberlain, and executed by
Tiffany. They were a double rough-surfaced card
tied with gold braid. Upon the face were repre-
sentations of the Union Jack and American flag, and
under this, ‘ Blood is thicker than water.’ The
name of the guest was embossed in fancy text cross-
wise on the lower half of the card, and ‘ Arlington,
December 10, 1887.’ Upon the reverse was an
etching of some distinguished American—the one
on Mr. Chamberlain’s card being of Benjamin
Franklin ; on that of Sir Charles Tupper, General

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288/ 0/229
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UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 73

Grant; and on Sir Lionel West’s that of General
Arthur. On other cards were pictures of Hancock,
Adams, Clay, Jefferson, Seward, Garfield, Pierce,
Monroe, Webster, and Lincoln. On the inside was
printed the menu.

‘“Mr. Chamberlain sat at table with Secretary
Bayard on his right and Mr. Putnam on his left
hand. The other guests were Sir Lionel Sackville
West, Hon. James B. Angell, Sir Charles Tupper,
Hon. J. D. S. Thompson, Hon. George E. Foster,
Mr. Edwardes, Mr. Beauclerk, Mr. Spring Rice,
Mr. Maycock, Mr. Bergne, Mr. Jenkins, Mr. John-
son, Mr. Winter, Mr. Moore, Mr. Stewart, Hon.
Mr. Courtney, and Major-General Cameron.”

The menus, which were a great feature, were
Mr. Chamberlain’s own idea, carried out by Tiffany
of New York. The one which fell to my lot was
embellished with a hand-painted portrait of Henry
Clay. I naturally preserved it carefully as an in-
teresting souvenir, and annex a reproduction of
the outside. The inside may not be uninteresting
to gourmets.

MENU

BLUE POINTS SUR COQUILLE.

Potage.
CLEAR TURTLE.

Hors d@ Guvre.
CELERI. OLIVES. ANCHOIS. RADIS.

74 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Poisson.
TURBOT A LA VATEL.
SALADE DE CONCOMBRES. POMMES GASTRONOME.

Relevé.
CHAPON A LA CHIPOLATA.
HARICOTS VERTS.

Entrées.
SALMI DE FAISANS AUX TRUFFES.
DIAMOND-BACK TERRAPIN, ARLINGTON STYLE.

PUNCH CARDINAL.

Rott.

CHESAPEAKE CANVAS-BACK.
MAYONNAISE DE CELERI.

Entremets Sucres.

NESSELRODE PUDDING GLACE, MARASCHINO SAUCE.
GELEE AU VIN DE MADERE A LA JARDINIERE. GATEAUX ASSORTIS.

FRUITS. CAFE. SEGARS. FROMAGE.

Vins.
CHABLIS.

SOLERO 1820.
CHATEAU LAROSE.

RUINART BRUT.
CLOS DE VOUGEOT.

CHATEAU MARGAUX 1869.
COGNAC 1842.
BENEDICTINE.

On Saturday, December 10, the Conference
adjourned till the first week in January, as we had
arranged to go up to Canada for Christmas and dis-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA = 75

cuss the situation with the Dominion Government.
The next day Beauclerk and I took a long “ con-
stitutional ” of some nine miles over the Arlington
heights, littered with the graves of those who fell
in the Civil War.

On the 12th, at Mr. Bayard’s invitation, we went
down to the navy yard, and boarded a Government
despatch boat which conveyed a party of about 100
some seventeen miles down the Potomac to see the
tomb and residence of George Washington at Mount
Vernon. I give a reproduction of a photograph
taken in front of that historical house on that day.
The Chief in a light shooting-suit figures in the
centre of the group, and Miss Endicott, carrying a
white shawl, is the second lady on his right. Mr.
Bayard’s tall figure, carrying his hat in his hand, is
readily recognisable on the right of the picture. I
am the last but one on the left. Every good
American citizen who has had the chance has of
course visited Mount Vernon. It is to them what
Mecca and Medina are to Mohammedan pilgrims.
But a brief description of it may interest some
English readers who have not penetrated so far.

The Mansion House is situated on a bluff some
200 feet above the level of the Potomac, which is
there about two miles wide. It is a wooden struc-

76 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

ture, about 100 feet long, the sidings of which are
cut and painted to resemble stone. The central and
main part was built in 1743 by Lawrence Washing-
ton, who named it ‘‘ Mount Vernon.” At his death
he left it to his brother George, who added various
extensions, notably colonnades supported by pillars
back and front and a piazza paved with enormous
flagstones brought from the Isle of Wight. The
General dignified it with the name of ‘‘ The Mansion
House.” Inside it is practically a museum full of
most interesting relics, to which every State in the
Union has contributed something, not the least
noteworthy being the key of the Bastille, and also a
beautiful model cut from the granite of the de-
molished prison, both of which were presented to
Washington by Lafayette. There are also the room
and bed in which Washington died, and also those
in which his widow died eighteen months later.
The property belongs to the State of Virginia, who
purchased it from the family in 1856.

But of course the most interesting feature, to
which we all proceeded bareheaded on landing, is
Washington’s tomb, which stands in the grounds
among cypress trees to the left of the Mansion as you
look at it from the river. It is an unpretentious
edifice, built of brick. You enter it through double

NONYAA LNONOW LV NANVL dnNoUD

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 77

iron gates under an arched gateway, above which is
an inscription on a marble slab :

“* Within this enclosure rest the remains of
GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON.”

This entrance takes you into an anteroom con-
taining two sarcophagi presented by one John
Struthers of Philadelphia, and wrought by his own
hand from solid blocks of Pennsylvania marble.
The one on the right contains the remains of the
man ‘‘ who was first in war, first in peace, and first
in the hearts of his countrymen.” It is quite plain,
ornamented only with the United States coat of
arms upon a draped flag, under which is the single
word ‘‘ Washington.”’ No dates or anything more.

The sarcophagus on the left is that which con-
tains Mrs. Washington’s remains, and is lettered :

“ MARTHA,
Consort of WASHINGTON.
Died May 21st, 1801, aged 71 years.”

Their bodies used to lie in the vault beyond the
anteroom, which contains the remains of some
thirty members of Washington’s family. Some
miscreant, however, broke in and carried off a skull
which he thought was Washington’s, but turned out
to be one of the Blackburn family. So for the sake

78 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

of greater security the bodies were placed in the
marble sarcophagi above described, the door of the
old vault was closed, and the key thrown into the
Potomac.

Having inspected this chamber of death, we went
over the Mansion, and were then grouped for the
photograph, and subsequently returned to the navy
yard. Mr. Chamberlain dined at the Legation that
evening.

An amusing incident occurred two or three days
after our trip to Mount Vernon. Bergne and I were
at work in our big office room at the hotel, and Mr.
Chamberlain was in his own little room on the oppo-
site side of the corridor. One of our attendants
brought in a card from a Post representative who,
it was stated, wanted to make some inquiry about
procedure in the British House of Commons.
Neither Bergne nor I were particularly intimate with
such technicalities, nor had we an “ Erskine May ”
handy, but we concluded to see him, and trust to
Providence. I think his name was Lewsly, but can’t
be positive after this lapse of time. We regaled
him with a cigar and some rye whisky, and con-
versed on sundry topics in general and nothing in
particular. Presently Mr. Chamberlain happened
to come in and joined in the conversation. Then

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 79

the question of the introduction of Bills and the
subsequent procedure did crop up, with which,
of course, the Chief was familiar down to the
smallest detail. The reporter eventually took his
departure, and the next day the Post had two columns
about our personal attributes, which is sufficiently
amusing and characteristic of the American press-
man to warrant the reproduction of an extract.

TO SEE MR. CHAMBERLAIN

THE CORDON OF DETECTIVES THAT MUST FIRST
BE PASSED

The English Statesman unable to say how soon the
Commission will adjourn— English Views on
American Subjects

Mr. Chamberlain does not always insist upon the
principle that newspaper reporters are not worth
seeing unless there are forty or fifty of them to-
gether. A single Post reporter was permitted
yesterday afternoon to invade the apartments of the
distinguished English statesman at the Arlington
Hotel, and to engage his attention and that of his
assistants, Messrs. Bergne and Maycock, of the
English Foreign Office, for the greater part of an
hour. Of course, the inner circle was not reached
without some preliminary skirmishing. When in
response to the reporter’s card the servant returned
with the message ‘‘ Come up,” the servant himself
looked surprised, and the hotel clerk stared with

80 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

astonishment, for it is very seldom Mr. Chamber-
lain says ‘“‘ Come up.” Generally he says “ Not in.”
The reporter followed the servant around the turn-
ing of a number of dark, narrow corridors to a large
parlour on the ground floor, in a remote part of the
building. The door of the parlour was open, and
three gentlemen were near the door waiting to see
the reporter. These gentlemen were not Mr.
Chamberlain and the Foreign Office officials, but
simply “‘ Mr. Chamberlain’s friends,” as the Pinker-
ton detectives on guard choose to call themselves.
They had seen the card and passed it favourably ;
but they wanted also to see the man to assure them-
selves that there was no deception. ‘They are alive
to the fact that a bold, bad man with hostile inten-
tions towards Mr. Chamberlain might possibly get
possession of the card even of the British Minister,
and attempt in that way to smuggle himself past the
guards. ‘The detectives do not by any means re-
gard the card in itself as sufficient. No person
whatever can pass up to Mr. Chamberlain’s apart-
ments without passing an English Civil Service
Examination, so to speak, before the guards.

The servant simultaneously presented the card
and the reporter to the gentlemen in the parlour, and
as the reporter had the good fortune to be known to
one of them, the order was given after some little
questioning: “Show the gentleman up.” Two
flights of stairs, and then the door leading into one of
Mr. Chamberlain’s sitting-rooms was opened. It
was the room where Mr. Chamberlain the day after
his arrival in Washington was entertained by forty

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 81

reporters at once. It was the room which Mr.
Chamberlain and his assistants use for office work.
Several tables were covered with papers, books, and
writing materials, and on one table was the regular
black leather-covered dispatch-box of British diplo-
macy. Mr. Bergne, who is small of stature, of slender
build, sharp, shrewd, and wiry, was standing inside
the door to welcome the coming guest ; and Mr.
Maycock, who is fat and fair and much bigger than
his colleague, although evidently several years
younger, was standing near by. Mr. Bergne might
be taken for a Yankee, and a keen, hard Yankee at
that ; but Mr. Maycock looks the typical Briton, fat,
fair, well fed, a perfect cushion stuffed with the roast
beef of old England. Mr. Chamberlain was not
visible just yet. He was engaged in his private room
on the other side of the corridor giving audience
to a Catholic priest who had called to make some
communication, which, of course, was held as con-
fidential as any of the conferences of the fishery
negotiators. Not from the priest and not from Mr.
Chamberlain, but from another very reliable source,
the reporter learned that, so far from Mr. Chamber-
lain being in danger of assassination at the hands of
the Irish in Washington, forty members of the
Clan-na-Gael had been detailed to watch over him
while here, and to do whatever might be necessary
to protect him from harm. But, notwithstanding
this, the Pinkerton detective force has been doubled
in anticipation of the commotion among the Irish
societies of this city caused by the visit of O’Connor

and Esmonde.
F

82 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

The reporter had not been long in conversation
with the two aforesaid gentlemen when Mr. Cham-
berlain entered from the room across the corridor.
He was chasing up some information, which he had
Mr. Maycock search for in a book of reference.
Immediately the reporter noticed that something
had happened to Mr. Chamberlain since his arrival
in Washington. What was it? He had discarded
that single eyeglass, which had become by long
association an almost inseparable part of his indi-
viduality, and instead of the single eyeglass he had a
modest and useful-looking pair of glasses riding on
the bridge of his good British nose. It has been
said somewhere and accepted by a great many people,
who don’t know anything about it, that Mr. Cham-
berlain resembles Edwin Booth. He bears just as
strong a resemblance to Fred Douglas or James G.
Blaine or any other man. Mr. Booth is handsome.
So is Mr. Chamberlain. There this resemblance
ends.

Mr. Chamberlain and his friends are fond of ven-
tilation. Although it was a cool afternoon for
Washington, they kept the door and all the windows
open and pronounced disparaging ejaculations about
the blasted heat which was coming in the shape of
hot air from the furnace. Casting a glance at the
register on the wall which was committing all the
offence, Mr. Chamberlain said: “I don’t regard
that as an improvement on our bright fireside.”
Mr. Chamberlain may discard the single eyeglass,
but he intends to cling to the old English fireside.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 83

Bergne rather squirmed when he read this in the
paper the next day. I was enormously amused at
the pen-portrait of myself, and sent copies home to
some friends in the Foreign Office and also one to
my dear old mother at Leamington. She, poor old
lady, took it all au pied de la lettre, and a subsequent
mail brought me a letter from her in which she
expressed great concern at my having become so
obese, which she was convinced could hardly be
consistent with comfort. Some months later, when
we got back to the ‘‘ Old Country,” I took the first
opportunity of running down to Leamington to see
her, and, to keep up the joke, put a huge cushion
underneath my overcoat and walked into the draw-
ing-room. She of course greeted me affectionately,
but I could see her eye was fixed on the place where
my “chest had dropped,” which she subsequently
stroked, remarking, “‘ You have indeed put on some
flesh, my dear boy!” “ Yes,” I said, “ there’s
some canvas-back duck and terrapin there, isn’t
there?’ However, I didn’t keep up the illusion
long, and when I took off my fur coat and the cushion
fell on the floor, she breathed a sigh of relief, and
we both laughed heartily. “ Those were happy
days!” as George Graves so frequently remarked
in the last pantomime at “‘ the Lane.”

CHAPTER VI
BALTIMORE ; NEW YORK; MONTREAL; OTTAWA

On December 16, in response to an invitation from
Mr. Gilman, President of the Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity, Mr. Chamberlain, Bergne, and I made an ex-
pedition to Baltimore, “ the Monument City ” as it
is called in the States. It contains many such
edifices, notably one imposing obelisk erected in
1830 in memory of George Washington, another to
George Peabody in recognition of his having en-
dowed the Peabody Institute, and another in memory
of those who fell in conflict with the British in 1814.
President Gilman met us at the station, took us
round the town, showed us all the sights, lunched
us at the club, drove us round one of the large parks,
and finally came to anchor at the University. I was
impressed by a machine I saw there which could cut
48,000 lines on one inch of glass for solar spectrum
experiments. Maybe something has since been
invented which can even go better. We made an
early dinner at the University, where we met several
4

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 85

prominent citizens, among them Reverdy Johnson,
a son, I think, of the gentleman who negotiated the
Alabama claims, and was American Minister here
in 1868-9. After dinner Mr. Chamberlain was
formally introduced to the students by Dr. H. B.
Adams, one of the leading professors at the Univer-
sity, and a very charming man. The Chief gave
them a short address on the land tenure laws of
this country and Ireland, and met with a cordial
reception. We left by the 9.40 for Washington, and
got back safely, dog-tired. ‘There was a long account
of our visit in the Baltimore American of the follow-
ing day, from which I quote a short extract :

‘‘ Mr. Chamberlain presented the appearance of a
typical Englishman, with stern, clear-cut features.
He was dressed in a neat-fitting Prince Albert, and
wore a monocle over his right eye, a feature of his
costume with which the prints have already made
Americans familiar. His remarks were received
with great applause, and particularly the latter part,
in which he expressed, in most earnest language
and a most sincere tone, the desire that the two
great Anglo-Saxon nations should exert every effort
to maintain amicable relations. It was universally
regretted that Mr. Chamberlain was forced to
retire at the end of fifteen minutes, but this was
necessary from the fact that the party were obliged
to catch the train for Washington.”

86 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

On December 19 we left Washington in the morn-
ing for New York en route for Canada to spend
Christmas with Lord Lansdowne. Henry Ed-
wardes and his wife accompanied us to New York,
where we put up again at the Brevoort House in the
rooms we had previously occupied. We all dined
at Delmonico’s that evening and went afterwards
to see Madelon at the Casino Theatre. Of course
we could not escape the ubiquitous reporters, to
whom Mr. Chamberlain accorded a brief interview
before dinner, the result of which duly appeared in
the papers the next day. One extract will suffice.

CHAMBERLAIN HERE AGAIN
ON HIS WAY TO VISIT LORD LANSDOWNE

In good health, but unwilling to discuss Politics
or Diplomacy

Mr. Chamberlain was somewhat fatigued after his
journey, and having to fill an engagement to dine
out and then another to go to the Casino, he hadn’t
much time to spare for an interview. ‘The reporter
had to promise to be brief, and when he made the
painful but not altogether unexpected discovery that
for “ obvious reasons”? Mr. Chamberlain did not
feel at liberty to say anything about the work of the
Fisheries Commission, and for equally ‘“ obvious
reasons” did not deem it discreet to say anything

UNITED STATES AND CANADA _ 87

about the President’s Message, the interview was
necessarily further abbreviated.

But it must not be inferred that Mr. Chamberlain
has lost any of that charming courtesy and geniality
of manner which won the regard of the newspaper
men who met him when he first landed on these
shores, and made them, in seeking comparisons,
bracket his name with that of the great friend of the
reporter, Chauncey M. Depew. If Mr. Chamber-
lain has not brought back with him from Washing-
ton the laurel wreath of diplomatic victory, he has,
nevertheless, returned in splendid health. He
looks better than when he landed. It is evident
that he has not been overworked by his efforts to
strike a three-cornered settlement of the fisheries
dispute.

“No,” said Mr. Chamberlain, smiling in answer
to this suggestion, “I have not been overworked
at all in Washington, and have enjoyed myself
thoroughly there. Everywhere I have met with the
most charming hospitality and cordiality. I have
been made to feel at home, quite as much so as in
England. I brought with me strong feelings of
sympathy and goodwill for the American people.
They have been made stronger by personal acquaint-
ance with them. But what has struck me most—
as I said when I was here last, and wider experi-
ence has only strengthened the impression—is the
resemblance between us and the Americans. I
don’t feel like a stranger here ; I feel at home.”

Leaving this safe and pleasant field of discussion,

88 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the reporter ventured on more interesting but also
more dangerous ground.

“A recent dispatch from England intimates that,
as Mr. Gladstone, in the nature of things, cannot
live long, and Mr. Morley is sick, you may yourself
some day—perhaps soon—re-unite the Liberal party
on the Irish question and assume its leadership. Is
there any likelihood of this ? ”

Before the reporter had finished the question,
Mr. Chamberlain had adjusted in position, by a
slight corrugation of the right eyebrow, the famous
single eyeglass with which caricaturists identify him.
He was at once the diplomatist. But the pleasant
smile still lingered about his mouth.

““T never speculate about the future,” he said,
““and about dead men’s shoes there is a strong
element of uncertainty. Mr. Gladstone is in good
health, and I hope that he will long continue to
enjoy it. There is only one thing that prevents
entire unity in the Liberal party—that is the Irish
question. With that settled we should again be
united. But who can tell when that will be? ”

After leaving Canada, Mr. Chamberlain and his
party will sojourn a day or two at Niagara and then
return to Washington. ‘The dinner which the
Canadian Club has tendered him has been post-
poned, and will probably not take place until the
middle of January.

On the 2oth we left in the evening for Montreal by
the Central Road, the President of which had placed

W. S. WEBB, President, H.W, WEBB, Vice-President

Ee GNER PALACE CAR COMPANY.
= Opposite Grand Central Depot

ie Cz ae 2D Os PRESIDENT’S OFFICE,

EN ROUTE TO MONTREAL IN MR. C. DEPEW’S PRIVATE CAR

UNITED STATES AND CANADA — 89

his sumptuous car at Mr. Chamberlain’s disposal.
We had a tip-top dinner that night, and I append
a thumb-nail sketch of the Chief enjoying a post-
prandial cigar and deep in a book. He never lost
an opportunity of devouring current literature,
which interested him far more than conversation
with dull people. I have never met anyone who
could master the contents of a book so rapidly as
Mr. Chamberlain. I remember his reading Ben
Hur, which appeared about that time and was much
talked of, in about a couple of hours, and I don’t
believe he skipped a line. We reached Montreal
about half-past nine the next morning, after a com-
fortable journey of about fifteen hours.

There was not much to see at Montreal during
our brief halt. The ice palace which is periodically
erected in Montreal was not in evidence that winter.
I purchased a photograph of the last that had been
built—a rather picturesque edifice, made entirely of
ice,—and it has been reproduced for this book.
When lit up for balls and carnivals, I can well
imagine, the effect must have been unique, though
very cold inside. We went on to Ottawa by the
C.P.R. and arrived there about four. We were
met at the station by Lord Lansdowne’s military
secretary, Captain (now Colonel) Streatfeild of the

g0 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Grenadiers, not only one of the handsomest but
quite the most charming and methodical man I ever
came across. He is now private secretary to Queen
Alexandra. Pakenham of the Grenadiers and
Anson, the two A.D.C.’s to His Excellency the
Governor-General, also came to meet us, with sleighs,
and escorted us to Government House, otherwise
known as Rideau Hall, of which I reproduce a photo-
graph. Poor Anson, Lord Lichfield’s brother, died
in1g04. He was Streatfeild’s brother-in-law, Streat-
feild having married Lady Florence Anson ; and, as
Lady Florence and her brother were respectively
niece and nephew of Lady Lansdowne, there was
quite a family party at Government House. Lord
and Lady Lansdowne gave us all a very warm and
hearty reception. It was my first acquaintanceship
with His Excellency, and a very fortunate one for
me, as in after years when he became Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs he showed me acts of kind-
ness for which I can never be sufficiently grateful.
For such advancement in my official career as I can
claim to have achieved, I am more indebted to him
than to any other Secretary of State under whom I
have served, not even excepting Sir Edward Grey.
Lord Lansdowne gave me the important post of
Superintendent of the Treaty Department of the

IVAUNLNOJY
aOVIVd Al

N
Sa
SSS

as

SS

RES SS SS

UNITED STATES AND CANADA _ g1

Foreign Office in 1903, and, two years later, followed
this up by recommending me to the King for a
C.M.G. I shall never forget how nicely he imparted
this welcome and unexpected intelligence to me.
It happened to be part of my business to arrange
with the Chancery of St. Michael and St. George
for the gazetting of such distinctions in that order
as were at the disposal of the Foreign Secretary
when the King had approved them. Lord Lans-
downe sent for me and said, ‘‘ I understand, May-
cock, that your department deals with the birthday
honours list?’ I replied in the affirmative.
“Then,” said his Lordship, handing me the list,
“will you attend to these, and I am happy to tell
you you will find your name among them.”

But to “ hark back ” to Canada.

The night of our arrival (Wednesday, December
21) several of the Canadian Ministers dined with
His Excellency. The next day Bergne and I went
to look at the Chaudieére Falls, near Ottawa, and as
they are probably not so well known to people in
this country as Niagara, I attach a photograph of
them.

Among the notable persons who dined on the
night of our arrival were the Hon. J. A. and Madame
Chapleau, Sir Hector Langevin, the Venerable

92 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Archdeacon Lauder, Bishop Lewis, and Sir John
and Lady Macdonald.

It is something to be proud of to have met Sir
John Macdonald and to possess a photograph given
to me by himself, which is reproduced here. His
likeness to Lord Beaconsfield was so striking, as will
be seen from this picture, that he was known far
and wide as the Disraeli of Canada. When we
were at Ottawa he was Prime Minister of the Do-
minion. His whole career was so remarkable that
I may be pardoned for giving a brief summary of it
for the benefit of those who are unfamiliar with it.

The son of a Sutherland yeoman, he was born in
Glasgow in 1815. When he was five years old his
parents emigrated to Canada, took the boy with
them, and settled at Kingston, Ontario. Young
John, in due course, after a grammar-school edu-
cation, took to the “ study and practice of the law,”
was called to the bar in 1836, and came into
some prominence three years later by his able
defence of the raider Von Schultz. He rose to be
Attorney-General in several Ministries, and in
1856 he succeeded Sir A. MacNab as leader of the
Conservative party. His personal influence with his
party was never equalled by any statesman in Canada,
and he was practically responsible for the creation

VMVLLO
(ASQOH LNAWNNYAAOD) T1IVH OVaAdIa

UNITED STATES AND CANADA _ 93.

of the Dominion in 1867. He was one of the five
British Commissioners who negotiated and signed the
historical Treaty of Washingtcn in 1871 ; in recogni-
tion of which service he was made an English Privy
Councillor the following year. He became Prime
Minister in 1878, and two years later signed the
contract for the Canadian Pacific Railway, which was
opened in 1886. He was always a strong opponent of
commercial union with the United States, holding
that, if once effected, it was bound to end in political
union. He used to say, “A British subject I was
born and a British subject I will die,” as in fact he
did at Ottawa in 1891, within three months of an
election which had returned the Conservatives into
power with himself once again as Prime Minister.
His remains lay in the Senate Chamber at Ottawa
till they were transferred to Kingston, where he was
honoured with a public funeral, and buried with
his parents, sister, first wife, and child under a plain
Scotch granite shaft inscribed with the single word
“Macdonald.” All the stations on the C.P.R.
from Ottawa to Kingston, 128 miles, were draped in
black when his remains passed through them, and a
memorial service in his honour was held on June 12
at Westminster Abbey. He was twice married, and
his widow survived him. He had a fine mansion

94 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

at Ottawa, called Earnscliffe, where he resided
when Parliament was sitting, and another home at
Kingston, where he spent most of his time in the
recess. He was, in truth, a very great man and a
very agreeable one too. Mr. Chamberlain had
several personal interviews with him at Ottawa
on the fishery question, with which he was espe-
cially conversant.

On the 22nd Mr. Chamberlain received a deputa-
tion of Pressmen, who of course wanted to know all
about the fishery negotiations and how they were
progressing. ‘The Chief, however, declined to be
“drawn ” on this topic ; but he had a good deal to
say to them upon the tariff question and upon the
subject of commercial union with the States. His
views on that subject were in entire harmony with
those of Sir John Macdonald. The interview was
reported at great length the following day in the
Press. It would serve no useful purpose to reproduce
itat length. But there were some smart points and

counterpoints in which Mr. Chamberlain excelled.
For example :

Q. “ Do you think the English people would
favour any proposal from Canada discriminating in
matters of tariff against the mother country in favour
of the United States ? ”’

VMVILLO

ST1v4d PAAIGNVHO

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 95

A. “ Well, how do you think the Canadian
people would favour any proposal in England dis-
criminating between Canada and the United
States? I think human nature is the same on both
sides of the water. Your answer would probably
be mine.”

We had another big banquet at Government
House on the night of the 22nd, no fewer than
thirty-six sitting down to dinner, including Sir
Charles and Lady ‘Tupper.

The next day we indulged in skating and curling
in the grounds of Government House. I was kept
going on skates by some of the Ottawa ladies till my
ankles fairly ached. One has to go to Canada to
realise what skating really is. One young man that
afternoon skated up to a five-barred gate and jumped
over it apparently without an effort. Lord Lans-
downe, among his many accomplishments, was quite
an expert at curling, and initiated Mr. Chamberlain
into the art. The curling stones used in Canada
are particularly heavy ones, weighing from 60 to 70
Ibs. The Chief’s first effort was a very resolute one,
so much so that he overbalanced himself and came
down heavily. Moreover, he had inadvertently
omitted to provide himself with the conventional
broom, a piece of heterodoxy that horrified His

96 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Excellency. The omission was at once rectified,
and the next attempt was far more satisfactory.
Indeed, after about half an hour’s coaching, Lord
Lansdowne was highly gratified at his pupil’s pro-
gress. The same evening His Excellency honoured
me with a game of billiards, at which, being no mean
cueist in those days, I find a note in my diary that I
came off victorious.

We spent a most delightful Christmas Day at
Government House. It happened to fall on a
Sunday. After church parade and lunch I walked
into Ottawa with the Chief and paid a call or two,
returning to a good old-fashioned English Christmas
dinner, comprising the House party only.

Nothing particular occurred beyond more skating
and curling on the Monday. On Tuesday, His
Excellency, the Chief, Anson and I drove into
Ottawa on sleighs, visited the Government offices
and Parliamentary buildings, as well as the Geo-
logical Museum. Back to lunch at Rideau Hall
and skated in the afternoon. That night Sir Richard
Cartwright dined. I think he was then leader of
the Opposition and favoured commercial union with
the States. After dinner, he and the Chief had a
vivacious and interesting conversation, their views,
as may be imagined, being diametrically opposed.

Photo: Topley, Ottawa
SIR

JOHN MACDONALD

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 97

On the 28th there was another large dinner of
some thirty people at Government House, and the
next day we took leave of our kind host and hostess
with many regrets, and departed in His Excellency’s
car, with a French chef “‘ on board,” for Toronto.
It was one of the most enjoyable weeks I think I
ever spent, and it was quite painful to have to say
good-bye to everybody. Happily, however, we were
all spared to meet again ‘“‘ many a time and oft ” in
the “ Old Country.” The car above alluded to was
called ‘‘ The Cumberland,” and was utilised by the
Governor-General on official tours through the
Dominion. It was an imposing-looking convey-
ance with a sort of Swiss cottage roof.

CHAPTER VII
TORONTO AND NIAGARA

WE reached Toronto about nine in the evening of
December 29, and drove to Chestnut Park, a little
way outside the town, where we were the guests of
Sir David and Lady Macpherson. Sir David, as
will be seen from his photograph, was a very hand-
some old gentleman, with a fine presence and genial
manners. Of Scotch origin, he went to Canada as
a youth, and amassed a fortune in large engineering
undertakings, chiefly in connection with the Riche-
lieu Navigation Company. Later in life he took up
politics, and was both Speaker of the Senate and
Minister of the Interior. We had a very late dinner
that night, but it was a very recherché one, and no
fewer than twenty-six partook of it. We were all
about played out when at last we got to bed between
one and two o’clock in the morning. Alluding to
this dinner, the Toronto World of the following day
said: “‘ This party had been arranged, and was made

up of many of Toronto’s handsomest young ladies,
98

VMVILO
SONIGTING LNANVITYVd

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 99

married and single, people who are generally known
as prominent citizens not being present. Perhaps
this was not altogether an unfortunate event, as the
British Plenipotentiary is understood to be a con-
noisseur in the matter of female beauty.” Of the
many handsome and attractive ladies present at
that dinner, I should be inclined to award the
palm to Mrs. Bankes, one of Sir David’s many
pretty daughters, the youngest of whom, Isabel,
married the late Sir George Kirkpatrick, who
afterwards became Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario.
Sir David Macpherson, who was held in deservedly
high esteem by all who knew him, died at sea on
his way out to Canada nine years afterwards, viz.
in August 1896.

The next day, December 30, we all—Sir David in
one carriage with the Chief, and Bergne and I follow-
ing in another—drove into Toronto and visited the
Education Department, the ‘Toronto University, and
the Osgoode House, a name given to the Toronto
Law Courts. At the latter place we arrived un-
expectedly, and startled a stray judge, Mr. Galt,
brother to Sir Alexander Galt, who obligingly
undertook to show us the courts. The first door he
opened led to—well, not a court of justice, and the
poor old gentleman’s confusion and embarrassment

too WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

was quite distressing to witness, but we all laughed
heartily.

That evening we all attended the first annual
dinner of the Toronto Board of Trade at Rossin
House. Mr. Chamberlain was of course the guest
of the evening, and sat on the right of Mr. William
Ince, the President. Numerous prominent Cana-
dians were present, including Mr. Van Horne, then
Vice-President of the C.P.R. He was very anxious to
take us all right across the continent to Vancouver and
back, and the Chief would have been sorely tempted
to avail himself of the offer had time been available.
But it would have taken quite a fortnight or three
weeks, and we had to get back to Washington, so he
was reluctantly compelled to abandon the project.
But to return to the banquet. Some 350 sat down in
all, but when the time for the toasts was reached,
so great was the desire to hear Mr. Chamberlain
speak, that, I should imagine, quite another 300
were admitted, and all the available standing-room
was occupied. Mr. Chamberlain had consented to
respond to the toast “ The Commercial Interests of
the Empire,” proposed in a few suitable words by
the Chairman. Now I have heard Mr. Chamber-
lain speak on many occasions in this country, in
Birmingham, in the Commons, and elsewhere, but

ASNOH LNUNNYAAOD LV ALUVd GNV UNMOACSNVT ACVT GNV Guo'l

UNITED STATES AND CANADA tor

never have I heard him more eloquent, more im-
passioned, or more dramatic than on this occasion.
I really think it was the speech of his life. Yet he
had only spent half an hour, before dressing for
dinner, in thinking it out.

‘“‘ The Chairman proposed the toast of the “ Com-
mercial Interests of the Empire.’ He said the
Board had been prospering well for some time past,
and it was thought well to have an annual dinner to
bring the members together so that the compactness
of the Board might be furthered, and members of
the different sections and interests which the Board
embraces should be more closely cemented than the
present facilities for intercourse allowed. The sub-
ject was a very large one ; commerce had made small
Britain the heart of the system of the commerce of
the world. She was the centre of the money trans-
actions of the world. Wherever there were vessels
trading, in all parts of the world there would be
seen the British flag. Canada also was rapidly
extending her trade, and was attracting the attention
of other countries to her resources. The Board of
Trade was very much pleased to have with them for
the evening their distinguished guest Mr. Chamber-
lain—(cheers)—a gentleman who was well versed

with the trade and commerce of the world.
(Cheers.)

102 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Mr. CHAMBERLAIN’S SPEECH

Mr. Chamberlain, on rising, was received with
prolonged cheering and waving of handkerchiefs, the
company standing. He said: Mr. President and
gentlemen,—I thank you most sincerely for the
kindness with which you have received me and for
the assurance which this kindness gives of your
sympathy and support. (Hear, hear.) I am very
glad to be here among you, and to have the honour
of meeting so many of the prominent representa-
tives of that activity and enterprise which have done
so much for the prosperity of the Dominion, and
which have made the Queen City of Canada a great
centre of commercial life and enterprise. (Hear,
hear.) Mr. President, you said very truly that the
subject to which you have called me to respond is a
far-reaching one. It is the commercial interests of
the Empire—not of a part alone. (Hear, hear.) I
am glad that the Board of Trade of Toronto think
me worthy of responding to so large a subject.
(Cheers.) It proves to me, at all events, that you
have not been prejudiced by anything you may have
heard to my disadvantage. (Cheers.) I read this
morning in one of your most influential journals an
appeal which was addressed to me personally, and
in which it was said that I had declared that the
interests of Canada must be subordinated to those
of Manchester. In other articles in the same paper
I have seen it alleged that I came over here to repre-
sent British exporters. That is a most unfor-
tunate misapprehension of the facts. (Cheers and

Photo: Hunter & Co., Toronto
SIR DAVID MACPHERSON

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 103

laughter.) Iam here as the representative of Great
Britain—(hear, hear)—acting on behalf of her colony
of Canada—(cheers)—whose interests she is bound
in honour to defend. (Renewed cheers.) If I had
used any language like that which has been imputed
to me I should have been unworthy of the position
which I hold. (Hear, hear.) I can assure you
that, except as far as the interests of Birmingham
and Manchester are identical with yours, you may
trust me to lay them aside on the present occasion.
(Cheers.) I regret these mistakes on the part of the
influential organs of public opinion, not so much on
any personal grounds as because they tend to dis-
credit and to embarrass the negotiators who are
engaged in your business—(cheers)—because to
that extent they damage your case. (Cheers.) But
I have referred to this matter for another reason—
because I want to point out to you that we hear
a little too much about antagonism of interests.
(Hear, hear.) Our interests, yours and those of the
Mother Country, and I will go further and say those
of the United States, all lie in the same direction.
(Hear, hear.) What the plenipotentiaries have to do
is to show that there is not divergence, but identity
of interests, and if it does not exist we have to create
it. (Cheers.) We have to deal with these points
in such a spirit as shall show that we desire to reach
a friendly agreement which will be mutually bene-
ficial and satisfactory. (Applause.) I speak to-
night under considerable difficulty. I confess that
at first I hesitated to accept your hospitable invita-
tion, because I was afraid it would not be possible

tof WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

for me to make an adequate response to your kind-
ness; since the commission I have undertaken
imposes restrictions upon me which I am bound
faithfully to observe. I am not free to discuss
some of those questions which have probably the
greatest interest for all of us. I am sure you will
make every necessary allowance for me, and will not
expect from me any premature disclosure of con-
fidential negotiations, or a full discussion of matters
of controversial policy. (Applause.) Although I
am afraid I cannot promise you the communication
of any State secret, yet there are some general con-
siderations which affect important matters, and
which I propose, with your permission, to lay before
you. (Applause. ) In the first place, as to the spirit
in which a commission of this kind should be under-
taken. As I passed through England and the
United States, and again when I crossed the boun-
dary of the Dominion, there was one idea impressing
itself upon my mind at every step, indelibly written
upon the face of two vast countries, and that was
the greatness and importance of the distinction
reserved for the Anglo-Saxon race—(cheers)—that
proud, persistent, self-asserting and resolute stock
which no change of climate or condition can alter,
and which is infallibly bound to be the predominant
force in the future history and civilisation of the
world. (Cheers.) It is said that patriotism begins
at home. I am an Englishman. (Applause.) I
am proud of the old country from which I came.
I am not unmindful of the glorious traditions at-
tached to it, of those institutions moulded by slow

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 105

centuries of noble endeavour ; but I should think
our patriotism was warped and stunted indeed if it
did not embrace the Greater Britain beyond the
seas—(cheers)—the young and vigorous nation
carrying everywhere throughout the globe a know-
ledge of the English tongue and English love of
liberty and law. (Cheers.) With these feelings I
refused to speak or to think of the United States as
a foreign nation. (Applause.) They are our flesh
and blood. Still less am I inclined to make any
distinction between these interests of Englishmen
at home and Englishmen in Canada and Australia.
(Cheers.) What is the fact in regard to these
peoples, the older and the younger nations? Our
past is theirs. Their future is ours. You cannot
if you would

BREAK THE INVISIBLE BOND

which binds us together. (Cheers.) Their fore-
fathers are our forefathers. They worshipped at
our shrines. They sleep in our churchyards.
They helped to make our institutions, our literature
and our laws. These things are their heritage as
much as ours. If you stood up to deny it your
speech and countenance, your manner of life and
institutions would all combine to betray you.
(Cheers.) I urge upon you our common origin,
our relationship, because, while these things confer
privileges, they also entail obligations. We are all
branches of one family. It behoves us to do all
in our power to promote the good feeling and
affection that ought to characterise the intercourse

106 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

between those peoples. Differences there must
arise, petty conflicts of interests and of rights ; but
if we approach them in the proper spirit, mutual
respect and consideration, I don’t believe that any
controversy can or will arise among any members
of the English-speaking races that will not be
capable of satisfactory and honourable adjustment.
(Cheers.) I am glad to tell you that this spirit has
animated one and all of the plenipotentiaries who
have recently been engaged in conference at Wash-
ington, and it is upon the existence of that spirit
that I base my hope and my belief that we shall find
an arrangement of this controversy which will be
satisfactory to every man who desires sincerely to
promote the unity of the English-speaking peoples.
(Cheers.) I don’t think it necessary that I should
urge upon you your special interest in good neigh-
bourhood with that great Republic which for
thousands of miles is separated from you only by
an invisible line. (Hear, hear.) The great in-
terests with which we are entrusted, important as
they are, are really insignificant beside the impor-
tance of maintaining these good relations—(hear,
hear)—and to secure these good relations, to main-
tain and confirm them, all that is necessary is that
we should approach the difficulty in the spirit that
I have indicated, and we should deal with it as
among friends who are anxious to come

TO A SATISFACTORY ARRANGEMENT

and not as between adversaries struggling for petty
points and other extremist rights, and counting

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 107

every concession as though it were a loss and sacri-
fice to the other. (Cheers.) Another general ob-
servation I will venture to make, and it is one to
which I anticipate general assent. Anything which
can increase and develop commercial relations
between the two countries is not only a good thing
in itself, but it tends to bring about this good feeling
which I desire. (Hear, hear.) It appears to me
that the prospects of improved relations with the
United States never looked more hopeful—(ap-
plause)—and I think these will come, independent
of bargain or negotiations. What is passing in the
United States at this moment leads me to believe
that circumstances at no distant date will force the
Government of that country to remodel its tariff in
a more liberal spirit. Whatever party is in power,
in my opinion, it is certain that in a few years the
tariff will be diminished or altered so that it will
cease to be a wall of commercial exclusion between
the United States and the rest of the nations of the
world. (Applause.) If this change comes about,
as I predict—although I know how dangerous it is
to attempt to prophesy—what influence will it have
upon your tariff on this side of the line? It is quite
true that you are not burdened—and not likely to
be at an early date—by a surplus of 120 millions—
(laughter)—but I trust it is only the United States
which is likely to suffer from this plethoric con-
dition. (Laughter.) There are other considera-
tions which may not tend in a similar direction.
What is the most urgent need of Canada at this
moment? It is the development, the early and

108 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

practical development of the illimitable resources
of your country, which has just been opened up by
your magnificent railway. You want to get upon
the land at the earliest possible time an industrious
and active population who will

WORK YOUR MINES AND FIELDS.

A tariff unnecessarily high—understand, I do not
presume to offer any opinion upon your tariff—
(laughter)—I merely make the general observation ;
I do not say whether your tariff is or is not un-
necessarily high, that depends upon how you feel
it—(laughter and applause)—but I say that a
tariff which is unnecessarily high must have a
tendency to shackle precisely the agricultural in-
dustry you wish to foster, and divert from it labour
which will go into other industries stimulated by
its operation. I am ready to sympathise with the
inheritors of a new country in their reproduction of
any idea that their country shall be one in which
their industries shall be monotonously confined to
a single occupation. I see the need for various
pursuits and occupations, but in the case of Canada
any anxiety on this score is surely premature. The
first object is to get the population to own the land.
When you have multiplied the industrious pro-
ducers, you will find you have secured a vast popu-
lation of consumers, and that a variety of industries
will spring up and prosper whether there be any
tariff or not. (Applause.) Gentlemen, you will
see from what I have ventured to say that I am in
favour of the widest possible commercial union—

UNITED STATES AND CANADA tog

(hear, hear)—and intercourse, not only with the
United States but with all the world. (Cheers.)
That is the true, unrestricted reciprocity. (Hear,
hear.) It is a very restricted reciprocity, indeed,
which would make you dependent for your financial
freedom upon the government of another State,
and, perhaps, pave the way for the surrender of
something which is still more important—I mean
your political freedom. (Cheers.) Some people,
it appears, who have adopted a well-known saying
of Mark Twain, appear to think that as upon this
continent the lion must lie down with the lamb, it
would be better if the lamb consented at once to
lie down inside the lion. (Laughter.) I confess
that I don’t entertain that opinion—(hear, hear)—
and I don’t think it worth while, even if it were
proper, to discuss to-night the various proposals,
more or less disguised, more or less insidious, for
your painless extinction and possible absorption.
(Cheers.) I have not discovered in the course of
my stay in the United States any general desire on
the part

OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE,

who have a good stock of territory of their own, to
increase it and increase their responsibilities at the
same time—(hear, hear)—and any such arrange-
ment as that which I have been considering, if it
comes about at all, must come about after full dis-
cussion and with goodwill on both sides. (Hear,
hear.) Gentlemen, when you become tired of the
mild sovereignty of the Queen, when you cease to

110 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

be proud of the institutions you yourselves have
trained with due regard to your local needs and
requirements, and when the slender tie which still
binds you to the Mother Country, and which, like the
electric cable, exerts no force or pressure, yet still
maintains unity of sympathy and of interest—when
that becomes an intolerable strain to you, then it will
be time for us to consider necessary measures of
relief. (Cheers.) In the meantime I cannot but
think that, in the working out of the great problem
of federal government, which seems to have been
left in charge of the English people, we shall the
quicker teach the perfection of our free institutions
by diversity of methods, and that these will be more
fertile and sturdy than if modelled upon a general
view of asingle and stereotyped form. Rest assured,
if you desire to remain an integral part of the vast
Empire of the Queen, your interests will be main-
tained, your rights will be respected with all the
influence which that Empire can wield. (Cheers.)
Your fellow-subjects throughout the world will
rejoice in your prosperity and take pride in your
ceaseless activity and look forward with confidence
to the steady development of your illimitable re-
sources. It is only a short time in the history of
nations since Confederation. Less than a generation
has passed away, and yet a new Canada has been
revealed to us. (Applause.) Not the ice-bound
desolation which imperfect information formerly
pictured, but a vast stretch of fertile territory which
assures homes for a teeming population of God-fear-
ing and industrious men and women at no distant

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 11

date. (Cheers.) With this determination to main-
tain, as I hope they will—nay, to draw closer the
bonds which unite them to Great Britain—I am
convinced their loyalty and affection will never lack a
warm response. They will be citizens of no mean

State. They will be citizens of a Dominion the like
of which

THE WORLD HAS NEVER SEEN

with regard to extent, population, resources and
variety of nations who owed allegiance to it. One
of our poets, Mr. Matthew Arnold, has written of
the overwhelming burdens of this vast Empire.
The burdens are vast, it is true, but we will not
lessen them by cowardly surrender —(cheers)—or
a mean betrayal of the interests entrusted to our
care. Relief must be found in widening the founda-
tions of the great Confederation, and not in cutting
away the outposts. (Cheers.) The interest of
true democracy is not towards anarchy or the dis-
integration of the Empire, but rather the uniting
together kindred races with similar objects. You
have a portion in the great path that lies before us.
It may yet be that the federation of Canada may be
the lamp lighting our path to the federation of the
British Empire. (Cheers.) If it is a dream—it
may be only the imagination of an enthusiast—it is
a grand idea. (Hear, hear.) It is one to stimulate
the patriotism and statesmanship of every man who
loves his country ; and whether it be destined or
not to perfect realisation, at least let us all cherish
the sentiment it inspires. Let us do all in our

112 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

power to promote it, and enlarge the relations and
goodwill which ought always to exist between sons
of England throughout the world and the old folks
at home. (Prolonged cheering.) ”

Reading this in cold type one gathers but little idea
of the grandeur and force of the delivery. It was a
magnificent piece of oratory in the speaker’s happiest
vein. Theeffect was electrical and I shall never forget
the scene that followed. The audience were simply
carried away in frenzied enthusiasm, and some were
even moved to tears, notably dear old Sir David,
who sat at the head of the table next to me. They
stood on the tables, waved dinner napkins, and
shouted themselves hoarse. It seemed as if the
storm of applause would never subside. However,
order was eventually restored, and more speeches
followed, including a short one by Mr. Chamberlain
proposing the health of the Chairman. The pro-
ceedings terminated with the whole company join-
ing in the National Anthem, which it was quite
inspiring to hear so many thousand miles from
home, sung by such an enthusiastic gathering of
loyal British subjects. It was, in truth, a memorable
and never-to-be-forgotten occasion for those who had
the good fortune to be present. The Chief’s speech
acted as a sort of cold douche upon the advocates of

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 113

commercial union, whose leading organ the next
day virtually threw its child overboard.

Shortly after noon on Saturday, December 31,
Sir David Macpherson and his son came to see us
off at the Union depdt, where we once more got
on board ‘“‘ The Cumberland” and took our de-
parture for Niagara. Just as we were starting
a Birmingham man rushed up and_ insisted
on shaking hands with Mr. Chamberlain, who
was always delighted to meet his old townsmen.
“You ain’t much changed, sir, since I saw you
fifteen years ago,” said the man; “still the same
old Joe ”—a sally which much amused the Chief.
We made a short halt at Hamilton, where a crowd
of the leading citizens visited Mr. Chamberlain,
including the Mayor of that town, who intro-
duced twenty-two of the “‘ faculty ” of the Univer-
sity. We reached Niagara between three and four,
and put up at a new hotel called the Prospect House,

’

which was specially opened for us, the only visitors,
almost before it was quite finished or the walls dry.
This hotel was on the American side. Before dinner
we went and had a look at the Horseshoe Falls. So
many far abler pens than mine have placed on record
their first impressions on seeing this vast flow of water

and hearing the roar it causes, that there is no need
H

114 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

for me to enlarge on the subject. I prefer to endorse
the graphic description given by Charles Dickens in
his American Notes. We were the sole occupants
of the hotel, and after many terribly late nights we
got to bed in decent time, the roar of the cataract
just outside our windows bringing the last day of
the year to a soothing termination.

On Sunday, January 1, 1888, after breakfast,
the Chief, Bergne, and I drove out in a sleigh,
attended by Captain Hinde, to “do the Falls.”
First we went and gazed at them from the American
side; then we crossed over by the Suspension
Bridge to the Canadian side, and went to an establish-
ment where yellow tarpaulin outfits were provided
for those who were bold enough to venture under
the Falls.

We all felt it to be a solemn duty that it behoved
us to undertake whether we liked it or not ; moreover
the Hebrew proprietor of the garments impressed
upon us that we could not possibly form any adequate
conception of “de height of de Falls”? unless we

«ce

donned his attire and went “ down under.’ So
we resolved to do so. I shall never forget the scene
in the “ green room,” and the back view of Mr.
Chamberlain when he got into those tarpaulin

overalls. I don’t know whether they were stock

ST1TVai VAVOVIN LY SHHOLUMS

i}

py g
y 4

ate] us 8 “£7 f

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 115

size, but any way they were large enough to fit a
Daniel Lambert. The full dress, with headgear
not unlike that of a Capuchin monk, was even still
more imposing. I made two rough sketches at the
time, which, as they amused my Chief, I venture to
reproduce. ‘Thus equipped, we descended a spiral
staircase, at the foot of which we had spikes attached
to our over-shoes, and, following a guide, advanced
in solemn procession, the Chief leading the way
down a precipitous, ice-bound declivity which led
to the foot of the Horseshoe Falls. We had to hug
the right side of the overhanging cliff, as huge icicles
were falling at intervals from above ; and, had they

ry

struck us, would have “caved in” our skulls. It
was as nasty a walk as I ever remember under-
taking, since one false step would have landed us in
the Rapids. The guide, of course, went ahead as
guides always do, not caring two straws about us.
At length we reached the foot of the Falls and walked
under them ten or fifteen yards, and then returned,
not feeling by any means sorry the adventure was
over. The roar under those Falls is simply deafen-
ing, almost enough alone to make one giddy.
Having got out of our tarpaulins we drove along the
side of the Rapids as far as the Whirlpool, and were
shown the spot where the intrepid Matthew Webb

116 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

was last seen above the surface of the seething
torrent.

The next day, after breakfast, we three walked
round Goat Island and returned to the hotel to
lunch. After this meal we proceeded, in a sort of
four-wheeler that had been chartered for us, to a
monastery on a hill on the Canadian side, from
which point of vantage one is supposed to get the
finest bird’s-eye view of the river above the Falls,
the Falls themselves, the Rapids, and the Whirlpool.
Hinde was on the box with the driver, Bergne
and I inside, and the Chief with his back to the
horse. We suddenly became aware that we were
going at the gallop up a very steep ascent. Looking
out of the window, I saw to my horror that one wheel
was just on the edge of an upright precipice, and
some two hundred feet below were the waters of one
of the converging affluents of the river. On our
left was an upright bank of shrubbery. As a matter
of fact we learned afterwards that our driver had
chosen an ice-bound cattle-track, up which no vehicle
had ever been driven before. It was a painfully
perilous position, fraught with danger, and I never
felt in a greater funk in my life, I’m bound to admit.
I said to Mr. Chamberlain, who was seated opposite
to me, “ Good God, sir, look where we are.” He

LEE
ij
i oF ail

2!

WEG Jan YEP
SKETCH OF A «

JOY RIDE” a NIAGARA

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 117

adjusted his glass and looked out of the window.
His coolness and sang froid were something extra-
ordinary, and characteristic of his remarkable
courage. All he said was, ““ Humph! I suppose if
I’m killed some one will catch it. It isn’t my busi-
ness!!” So there was nothing for it but to sit
tight, say our prayers, and wait till we reached the
end of this ‘“ joy-ride,”’ of which I append a rough
sketch. Through the mercy of Providence we
reached the top safely, and once more breathed
freely. When we got there I well remember re-
marking to Mr. Chamberlain, apropos of his obser-
vation that some one would “catch it” if he were
killed, and that it wasn’t his business, ‘‘ Well, sir,
I do admire your coolness. Your motto ought to
be, Ne sutor ultra crepidam.” “ No, Maycock,” he
rejoined, “‘ that wouldn’t do for me, for I started life
in the shoe trade,” a circumstance of which, down
to that moment, I had no knowledge. But it was a
smart answer, anyhow.

I asked Hinde afterwards how on earth he ever
allowed the coachman to drive up such a track.
Hinde, however, was strange to the vicinity, and pre-
sumed the man knew his way about. Hinde merely
said, ““I guess he was at the gallop before I could
say ‘ Knife,’ so what could I do?”

118 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Our route back to Washington was via Rochester,
Williamsport, Harrisburg, and Baltimore, a rough
road through the heart of the Pennsylvania coal-
fields. ‘‘ The Cumberland ” was hitched on to the
end of the train by a stout hook, but no couplings
to steady it. It looked like a huge Swiss cottage
towering above the other cars on the train, and had
never been utilised on the American roads before.
I felt convinced it would sway about a lot, and I
asked the stationmaster at Niagara if he thought
we’d clear the bridges all right. ‘‘ Well! I guess
it’s just about all you will do,” was his laconic
reply. We left Niagara a little before four in the
afternoon, and in due course the chef served up an
excellent repast. Mr. Chamberlain, for once in a
way, retired to his couch fairly early. Bergne and |
played piquet till about two, when he “ turned in.”
I still had a kind of presentiment that there would
be a“ happening ”’ of some sort, and concluded to sit
up and hear some of Hinde’s interesting detective
experiences, with which he was ever ready to regale
me. An hour or two later, some thirty-eight miles to
the north of Harrisburg, what I had all along appre-
hended came to pass. I suppose we were travelling
about forty miles an hour when bang came the top
corner of ‘The Cumberland” against the arch of

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 119

the Montgomery Bridge, cutting a huge chunk out of
the roof of the car. The train pulled up, and the
conductor came along with a very grave countenance.
We proceeded at a snail’s pace after that, and I
managed to put in three or four hours’ sleep till we
reached Baltimore, where we inspected our much-
damaged ark. There another locomotive was ob-
tained, which hauled us slowly on to Washington,
where we arrived a little before noon on Tuesday,
January 3, having completed the round trip without
further mishap.

CHAPTER VIII
WASHINGTON AGAIN

WEDNESDAY, January 4.—Henry Edwardes came
round in the morning to tell us that Beauclerk’s wife
had died in England. What made it all the more
sad was the receipt by him of a letter from her saying
she was well and happy, just after the arrival of the
cable announcing her death. Poor Beauclerk was
dreadfully cut up, and of course we all sympathised
warmly with him. He resolved to go home at once.

In the afternoon Mr. Chamberlain and I went
down to the Capitol, and, in response to an invita-
tion from the President, Mr. Ingalls, were admitted
to the floor of the Senate. We heard Senator Voor-
hees and Senator Tiller speak on the Tariff Question.
The President came from his seat, and had a short
chat in an undertone with Mr. Chamberlain.
The paper the next day had the following out-
rageous attack on the Chief for an alleged abuse
of the Senatorial privilege in talking during a
speech.

120

UNITED STATES AND CANADA J 121

CHAMBERLAIN CENSURED
HIS ABUSE OF THE PRIVILEGE OF THE SENATE FLOOR

Senator Voorhees is naturally indignant at being
interrupted in his speech— Senator Ingalls will
probably refer to the matter.

The Right Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, having
thus far been treated only to American hospitality,
is likely soon to be subjected to a course of American
discipline which, while it may not be altogether as
pleasant, is sure to be quite as wholesome.

The Post has already mentioned the fact that Mr.
Chamberlain, who obtained access to the floor of the
Senate last Wednesday under the generous rule
which accords that privilege to all members of
foreign legislative bodies, was the centre of a dis-
turbance which seriously interfered with the delivery
of Senator Voorhees’ Tariff speech, and was dis-
orderly enough to bring into use the gavel with
which the presiding officer knocks for order. If
Mr. Voorhees had noticed at the time that the noise
was being made by one who had no right to speak
there, he would have made some public mention of
the fact. Speaking of the matter with a Post reporter
yesterday, the Senator said :

“The courteous attention paid by Democratic
Senators while Mr. Sherman was speaking on
Wednesday, was but little imitated by the Repub-
licans when I was speaking. But I would scarcely
refer to this if it were not for an incident that

122 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

occurred late in the afternoon. I had been speaking
about an hour when laughter from a group of
Senators on the Republican side attracted my atten-
tion, followed by conversation in tones almost as
pronounced as my own. I raised my voice so as
to attract the attention of the disturbers, and the
President quietly touched his desk with his gavel.
The noise ceased temporarily. It caused me no
little regret later to discover that this breach of the
dignity of the Senate had been caused by Mr.
Chamberlain of England. I say regret because had
I known that Mr. Chamberlain was the disturber, I
would have said that if I were forced to submit to
the carelessness of the associates of the Senate-
chamber, I was not bound to bear the bad manners
brought from over the sea by one who failed to
appreciate the privileges of the Senate floor. How-
ever, I say it with renewed emphasis this morning.”

In order that Senator Voorhees’ accusation might
not get ahead of any explanation or defence that Mr.
Chamberlain might feel inclined to offer, a Post
reporter waited on the “ right honourable gentleman”
yesterday evening and invited him to reply; but
reply he had none to make. He simply smiled,
rather contemptuously, at Senator Voorhees’ words,
as he read them, and said: “ No, I have nothing to
say.”

The rapping of the gavel on the table of the Senate
on Wednesday showed that Senator Ingalls regarded
Mr. Chamberlain as out of order. But the rapping
of the gavel was nothing compared with the rapping
which Senator Ingalls may be expected to give to

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 123

the distinguished foreigner, with his keen, biting
tongue, in the Senate on a very early day. Senator
Ingalls had met Mr. Chamberlain before Wednesday.
He has had opportunities of meeting him frequently
at state dinners and on other similar occasions, when
the Ambassador tried in vain to convince the Senator
that his occasional oratorical shots at John Bull
were based on a misconception or a want of know-
ledge. ‘This sort of argument, as might be expected,
has not had the effect of convincing or converting
the Senator, and he will take an early opportunity
on the floor of the Senate of saying so and giving his
version of the “ blood-is-thicker-than-water ”’ sen-
timent. ‘I intend,” said the Senator yesterday,
“to kill two birds with one stone—John Bull and
Democratic party.”

Senator Ingalls will endeavour to explain just how
close the relationship between America and England
is. He will endeavour to prove that an American
statesman may allude to some of the most patent
facts in recent history without being open to the
accusation of buncombe, or an undue tendency to
pose as a twister of the British lion’s tail for political
effect. ‘‘ Anyhow,” said he, “let the British lion
keep its tail out of our business ; let it keep its tail
between its legs, for instance, and nobody will try
to twist it.’ Mr. Ingalls will endeavour to prove
that England has all along been the one great enemy
of the United States, and on this point that there
may be some little knowledge that has not been
monopolised by right honourable gentlemen from
England. ‘The motion at present before the Senate,

124 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

to refer the President’s message to the Committee
on Finance, will be Mr. Ingalls’ opportunity to
assert himself. His speech will be an interesting
event, and it is likely enough to happen when the
Senate assembles on Monday. When Mr. Ingalls’
speech comes to reinforce what Senator Voorhees
has said, Mr. Chamberlain will have occasion to feel
chastened.

Needless to say, this was a gross calumny, as
the Chief could hardly avoid conversing with the
President when the President came to speak to him.
But we were getting used to that sort of sensational
invention. We went that evening to a ball at the
Legation, of which the following account appeared
in the Post :

“The ball at the English Legation last night opened
up the social season with great brilliancy. About
400 invitations were sent out, about fifty of them
yesterday in response to notes from persons already
invited, asking cards for their guests. Miss West
is always pleased to grant requests of this kind to her
friends. The entire first floor of the Legation was
devoted to the comfort and pleasure of the large
company. ‘The office rooms on the right of the hall
were utilised as cloakrooms, with nimble maids
and valets in attendance. ‘The great hall, with its
massive staircase, was brilliantly lighted and frag-
rant with spruce, pine, and fir, which entered largely

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 125

into the decoration. Up at the first landing, where
the portrait of Queen Victoria looks down benignly,
there was grouped at the side of the massive frame
a hedge of evergreens, and in front of the picture
a rich massing of tropical and blooming plants.
Down the steps, on either side, was a thick garland
of holly, laurel, and running pine, with pink carna-
tions here and there. The dark, rich woodwork of
the staircase was a splendid contrast to all this fresh
green, making the hall the most successful in artistic
treatment of any part of the house. The east parlour,
which is finished in ruby and gilt, was softly lighted
with red-shaded lamps and fairy lights, and formed
a charming retreat for the dancers when tired out
from the heat and light of the ballroom. The
second drawing-room, in which a delicate salmon
tint with gilt is the prevailing shade, was the recep-
tion room. Just within its portiére-hung doorway
stood the Minister and Miss West, with her sisters,
to meet their guests. In the crimson and gold
ballroom chairs were arranged close to the wall,
and before eleven the waxed surface was filled with
moving forms. ‘The dancing kept up without
interruption until half-past eleven, when supper was
announced. A bounteous collation, with wines and
punches, was served. By one o’clock the real
English ball began. Miss West and Mr. de Romero,
of the Spanish Legation, led the cotillion. About
sixty couples danced. In one of the favour figures
there were embroidered satin satchels for the ladies
and ribboned boutonniéres for the men. In another
the ladies received pretty fans, either gilded or

126 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

bronzed, and the men pen-wipers. The hoop
figure was danced for the first time for several
years. For it Miss West had prepared six large
hoops, six feet across, covered with tissue paper
ornamented with stars. In the figure twelve men
were around the hoop, and at a turn jumped through
it d@lacircus. This, as well as several other amusing
figures, was devised by Miss West. The ball closed
about half-past three o’clock with a ‘ Sir Roger de
Coverley,’ and the singing by the gay company
then assembled of ‘ God save the Queen.’

‘“‘ Miss West wore a Parisian toilette of pale yellow
tulle, sprayed over with tiny daisies in crystal and
pearl beads. It had side panels of exquisite gold
embroidery. The low-necked bodice of pale yellow
striped satin had a pointed vest of the embroidery.
She wore no jewels save a diamond hair ornament.
Miss Amalie West had a dress exactly similar, ex-
cepting the gold embroidery was omitted. Miss
Flora West wore pale heliotrope tulle, with tiny
daisies in crystal and pearl beading, and low-necked
satin striped bodice the same tint.

“Mr. Joseph Chamberlain, who hastened his
departure from Canada to be present at the ball,
was an interested spectator as well as participant in
the evening’s enjoyment. Sir Charles Tupper and
all the other members of the Fisheries Commission
were present. ‘To name the guests is but to record
all the fashionable names in society. ‘The toilets
were exquisite.”

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 127

Thursday the 5th being mail day, we were busy
all day with despatches for London, and, after dining
together at the hotel, Mr. Chamberlain, Bergne,
and I went to the National Theatre to see Dorothy
with Lillian Russell in the name part, and Harry
Paulton as Lurcher the bailiff. It was a capital
performance, the fair Lillian looking very beautiful
and singing charmingly. She had previously gone
through an unrehearsed scene, accompanied by
some language and many tears, because the landlord
of our hotel, who had a pretty conceit, and had been
a quartermaster or something of the sort during the
war, declined to take her in. She thought she had
just as good a claim to stay at the Arlington as Mrs.
Langtry, about whom no difficulty had been made.
“Langtry’s a lady”? was the landlord’s dictum,
so Lillian had to go elsewhere after recording an
emphatic protest ! ! !

On Friday, the 6th, Bergne and I and a Congress-
man named Hopkins went to see poor Beauclerk off
on his melancholy journey to England.

On Saturday, the 7th, I went a second time to a
matinée of Dorothy with Mrs. Edwardes and her
dear little girl, Sylvia, who four years ago became
the wife of that distinguished soldier Count
Gleichen.

On Sunday, the 8th, Mr. Chamberlain and I

128 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

lunched with Judge John Davis and Mrs. Davis,
where we met the beautiful Miss Grant, now Lady
Essex, my old and valued friend the late Arthur
Guest, and several other pleasant people. The
Chief dined that night with Mr. Bayard, and later
on all went to a reception at the Bonapartes, who
occupied a fine residence in K Street. Jerome
Napoleon Bonaparte, a grand-nephew of the great
Napoleon, wasatall, handsome man, with a command-
ing presence, very proud of his illustrious descent.
We met all the élite of Washington society there.

On Monday, the 9th, the Conference resumed its
labours, which had been adjourned for our visit to
Canada, at the State Department. Meantime Mrs.
Langtry had arrived at the Arlington, and we went
to Albaugh’s theatre to see her in As in a Looking
Glass. It was rather a poor house, a counter attrac-
tion being Mrs. Brown Potter and Kyrle Bellew
at the National Theatre. There were only these
two theatres in Washington at that time, and two
premieres on the same evening was quite an unusual
event. After the theatre we went to a Bachelor’s
Ball at the Rifle Hall. The following night Mr.
Chamberlain dined with Colonel John Hay.

The Leiters, who were renting Mr. Blaine’s palatial
residence in 2oth Street, gave a ball on Wednesday,
the 11th, and everything was done on the most

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 129

sumptuous and lavish scale. All Washington was
there, and Miss Leiter was the cynosure of all eyes.
Certainly a more beautiful or more attractive girl
never graced a ballroom. She was kind enough
to give me a dance. All the young “ nuts” in
Washington were lost in admiration for her; but,
as is well known, she eventually became the wife of
that brilliant statesman and kind friend of mine,
Lord Curzon of Kedleston, and her untimely death
a few years ago was not only an irreparable loss to
her devoted husband, which he felt acutely, but was
deeply deplored by all who had the good fortune to
know her.

On Thursday the rath we attended—in uniform—
a reception at the White House. There were, in all,
about 4000 guests, and the heat was cverwhelming.
The following account of it appeared in the paper
the next day:

DIPLOMATIC RECEPTION
A BRILLIANT SCENE AT THE WHITE HOUSE

A Large Number of Resident People among the
Throng—Mr. Chamberlain and Dennis Kearney
among the Callers—Incidents of the Evening.

The President and Mrs. Cleveland gave the first

state reception of the season, a night in honour of
I

130 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the Diplomatic Corps. The event was most bril-
liant. ‘The White House was in gala dress for the
occasion. ‘The Blue Room had its mantels covered
with floral mosaics, and the window-ledges were
banked with blooming plants, poinsettas and azaleas.
The company gathered downstairs fully a half hour
before the hour for the reception to begin. When
the receiving party entered the Blue Parlour, they
passed through a doublelineof well-dressed humanity,
which filled the vestibule and overflowed into the
East Room. The diplomats were having a general
convocation in the Red Parlour, admiring the
splendid court dress of Mr. Preston, who wore
gold embroidery to no end, and the Chinese
Minister and suite, who, in addition to their
usual attire, wore elaborate gold-embroidered pic-
ture pieces in the middle of the back of their
outer tunic.

In the Blue Parlour quite another scene was tran-
spiring before the entrance of the receiving party.
There were there grouped Mrs. John M. Wilson,
Miss Waller, Mr. and Mrs. Westcott and Miss
Gardner, of Boston; Mr. and Mrs. E. P. Vilas and
Miss Vilas ; Mrs. Sloane, of New York, daughter of
the late W. H. Vanderbilt ; Miss Johnson, another

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 131

guest of Mrs. Whitney ; Dr. and Mrs. Warner, of
New York, who were with Mrs. Lamont, their
hostess; Mrs. ex-Governor Carroll and Miss
Irene Carroll; Miss Eleanor Winslow, the Boston
beauty.

The President escorted Miss Bayard downstairs,
Mrs. Cleveland following with Secretary Bayard.
In the line, Miss Bayard stood next.to Mrs. Cleve-
land, then Mrs. Fairchild and Mrs. Whitney. The
ladies were elegantly dressed. Mrs. Cleveland
wore ruby plush with a long square train. The
bodice was sleeveless and cut square at the
neck. A strip of gold passementerie ran over
the shoulders and down to the belt, back and
front. Ornaments of the same held in place the
full drapery of the front. She wore her diamond
necklace. Her hair, dressed in a Greek knot, had
a diamond rose, a diamond butterfly, and a diamond
crescent ornament. The fingers of her right
glove were tucked under the left, and she shook
hands heartily, as if the exercise was real en-
joyment.

Miss Bayard wore white lace over white silk with
train of white crépe and necklace of pearls. Mrs.
Fairchild wore blue moire with side panels of gold-

132 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

embroidered net, low corsage, diamonds, and pearl
ornaments. Mrs. Whitney wore a low-necked
dress of white brocaded velvet. ‘The apron drapery
was formed of alternate strips of point lace and
white satin; diamond bar and large rose diamond
in the corsage.

The reception was not without incident. The
Diplomatic Corps in its brilliant court dresses,
many of the Ministers accompanying their wives,
passed through. The English Minister came
fashionably late, but he had Mr. Joseph Chamber-
lain, in an embroidered coat as good as the best of
them, with him. The deep obeisance Mr. Chamber-
lain made to Mrs. Cleveland and her lady assistants
was only equalled by the air of good fellowship which
marked Mr. Dennis Kearney’s tour on the same
ground. The sand-lot orator saw the American
Court at its best.

Miss Winslow, the blonde beauty, in a stately
dress of white tulle, one side gay with blue jet, and
in her fluffy hair a butterfly which stirred with every
movement, divided the admiration of everybody
who knew her with Miss Adele Grant, the beautiful
brunette, who wore an art dress of soft wood tints—
a clinging fabric, made in the style of the Directoire,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 133

high puffs at the shoulder, and the short waist belted
with a loosely tied sash.

The throng was immense, keeping up until
nearly eleven o’clock. ‘There were not half a dozen
Senators, and the Supreme Court was represented
by the Chief Justice. The resident families turned
out in honour of the occasion, and the gathering in
the Blue Parlour seemed like one in a private house.
Altogether the reception was a great success, both
in numbers and the brilliancy of the scene. Out-
side the snow fell lightly, and the lights streamed out
across the darkness.

In the corridor upstairs there was a nice little
supper for the receiving party, their friends, and
those of the Cabinet after the reception ended.
Secretary Whitney and Secretary Bayard pro-
menaded the corridors. The conservatories were

open, and a great part of the company took a few
turns there.

It was somewhere about this period that I made
the acquaintance of a Mrs. Amory, and went to tea
with her once or twice. She had a fund of amusing
anecdotes. I remember one she told me of an
erratic dancing-master in a class she had been in,

134 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

in her younger days. His “‘ riding orders ” were as
follows :

“ Balance to your partners,
Balance to them all,
Man with the bad breath
Balance to the wall.”

I suppose that, short of trying the “ Fragrant
Floriline,” a specific largely advertised for this afflic-
tion, it was, in the circumstances, perhaps the best
thing he could do. My dear old mother was
immensely tickled with this story when I got
home.

On the 18th Mr. Chamberlain dined with the
President, and the next day he gave his second big
dinner at the Arlington. The guests comprised
Mr. Bayard, Sir Lionel West, Sir Charles Tupper,
Justice Field, Judge Davis, Mr. Wharton of the State
Department (to whom I have previously alluded),
Mr. John Bigelow, Dr. Alexander Graham Bell
of phonographic renown, Bergne, and myself. We
went to a dance at the Whitneys’ afterwards. How-
ever late we got back to the hotel after these func-
tions, Mr. Chamberlain always enjoyed his cigar,
and I generally kept him company. We seldom
got to bed much before three. Bergne as a rule

Rice, Washington

Photo:

JOHN DAVIS

MRS.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 135

retired rather earlier. He couldn’t stand very
late hours.

I have previously referred to Miss Gwynn, a very
charming lady, who lived with another pleasant
little woman, Mrs. Slater. On January 21, Mr.
Chamberlain and I called and had a cup of tea with
Miss Gwynn, who told us she had studied palmistry,
and kindly undertook to diagnose the lines of our
hands. She took the Chief’s first. She said he
had a very strong line of luck and an indomitable
will. She went on to say he was a good son, a good
brother, but a cruel lover. He was absolutely
without heart, and could subordinate everything to
the achievement of his own ends. He had had two
great troubles, one owing to a death, and another
to a cause which she did not specify. He had one
terrible line, the significance of which she would not
divulge. Then she took me on. I was liable to
accidents, and would come by a violent death, and
should avoid travelling. She said I was very
methodical, and that anything I undertook I would
carry out in my own way. I was unlucky and
absent-minded, but lasting in my affections. I
must leave those who know us both to form their
own opinions of the accuracy of these diagnoses,

136 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

merely remarking that I think Mr. Chamberlain is

” 'The occasions on

what may be termed “ lucky.
which he gambles are few and far between, but he
has often told me that when he has once or twice
punted a louis at roulette at Monte Carlo, he has
invariably won a maximum. Moreover, he is a
strong believer in his luck. As to my own luck it
varies considerably, but on the whole I have not
much to complain of. But I did think the other
day, when a bicycle I was riding in the Brompton
Road skidded in front of a motor bus, that Miss
Gwynn’s forecast of my final exit was about to be
realised !

At the period of which I am writing, the phono-
graph was in its infancy. Dr. Graham Bell was,
in conjunction with an expert, Mr. Tainter, carrying
out some experiments at the Volta Laboratory in
Washington, while Mr. Edison was working onsimilar
lines at Philadelphia. On Sunday, January 22,
Mr. Chamberlain, Bergne, and I accepted an invita-
tion from Dr. Bell to inspect his instruments, into
one of which we all three said something, about our
impressions of America and the Americans. The
record was, I believe, duly deposited in some museum
at Washington, and if ever I again visit that Capital,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 137

I should be interested to hear exactly what we all
said.

Professor Tainter told us an interesting anecdote
of an incident that had occurred a few months
before our visit. A stranger called at the Laboratory
and said, “‘ I want to buy one of those machines right
away.” ‘Tainter told him that they were not yet on
the market, and that no price had been fixed. But
the stranger was very persistent and would take
no denial, nor did he care two straws how much he
paid to gratify his desire. He named a very large
sum, and ultimately Mr. Tainter agreed to let him
have one of their phonographs. He took it away
with him and a week later he returned, and said :
“T don’t know how to thank you enough, sir, for
letting me have that machine. My poor wife was
dying when I got home with it. She was just able
to speak into it her last words, ‘ To be or not to be.’
Then she died, and I turn it on every day, and hear
her sweet voice still.” Tainter assured us this was
an absolute fact. It was a weird idea. I have told
the story to heartless men who aver that they hear
quite enough of their wives’ voices as it is, without
wishing to hear them again when they’ve crossed
the bar. I myself possess phonograph records

138 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

made by voices of friends which have long since
been silent, but I can’t say that it ever affords me
very much enjoyment to turn them on.

On Thursday, January 24, Mr. Willie Endicott—
Mrs. Chamberlain’s brother—and I called and took
tea with Mrs. Cleveland at the White House. ‘This
was the occasion, to which I have already alluded,
when I was announced as ‘ Mr. Haycock,” much
to the lady’s amusement. The same evening Mr.
Chamberlain and I dined with the Edwardes. Miss
Endicott was also there, and Spring Rice. I was
about to retire for the night, about 12.30, when a
representative of the Washington Post was announced.
A report had got into circulation that Mr. Chamber-
lain had been appointed to succeed Lord Lans-
downe as Governor-General of Canada, and the
Post man wanted to know if the rumour could be
confirmed or denied. The result of our interview
appeared in the Post of the following day :

MR. CHAMBERLAIN SATISFIED

NOT ANXIOUS TO GIVE UP HIS CAREER FOR THE
GOVERNOR-GENERALSHIP OF CANADA

Mr. Chamberlain authorises an emphatic denial of
the report which comes from Ottawa by way of New

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 139

York, that he has been appointed to succeed Lord
Lansdowne as Governor-General of Canada. Lord
Lansdowne was appointed by Mr. Gladstone in
1883 for a seven years’ term, which has two years
to run, and he has neither resigned nor expressed
any intention of resigning. All reports about the
appointment of his successor are purely speculative
and entirely premature. Mr. Chamberlain has
authorised Mr. Maycock, who is associated with
him in the fishery negotiations, to say that he would
not give up his political career in England for the
Governor-Generalship of Canada.

Towards the end of January some scurrilous
paragraphs appeared in various newspapers pub-
lished in Washington and Philadelphia respecting
Mr. Chamberlain’s attentions to Miss Endicott.
They were embroidered with narratives of incidents
which, needless to say, had never occurred, and
were remarkable examples of the inventive power
of sensational journalists on the “ other side.” ‘They
naturally caused Mr. Chamberlain some momen-
tary annoyance, but of course he had no alter-
native but to treat them with the contempt they

deserved.

140 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

One very agreeable lady I met at some party—the
Whitneys’, I think—was Mrs. Hooker. She hailed,
to the best of my recollection, from California, and
was the daughter of Senator Stewart of Carson City,
Nevada. We went together on February 1 to a
matinée of Romeo and Fuliet, in which Mrs. Brown
Potter and Kyrle Bellew were appearing at the
National Theatre. I suppose one way or another,
in this country, America, and various European
capitals, I have attended theatres some two thousand
times, but I never had a more thrilling experience
than on this particular afternoon, one which I am
not likely to forget in a hurry. The performance
was nearly over. The third and last scene of the
5th Act was “‘ Verona churchyard with tomb of the
Capulets.” Juliet was lying dead opposite the
prompt box in a sloping position with her feet
towards the audience. Enter Romeo and Mercutio
from the right, Romeo with a flaming torch of the
foolscap pattern which he plunges into the floor
while advancing to Juliet’s tomb. I watched this
torch carefully : its “‘ business end” did not pene-
trate deeply enough into the stage to remain in an
upright position, but slowly and gradually fell on to
the cardboard wall of the churchyard, which, as I

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 141

fully anticipated, was immediately ablaze. In a
moment there was a panic and a cry of “Fire!” Half
the stalls were on their feet. It was then that I
recalled the advice of my old friend, Sir Eyre Massey
Shaw, to be sure and sit still if ever I was in a fire at
a theatre ; but it requires a lot of presence of mind
to do so, and Mrs. Hooker was terrified. Even the
defunct Juliet became alarmed and sat up. All
this happened in much less time than it takes to
describe it. However, just at the critical moment,
on came a fireman with a hose, and speedily extin-
guished the flames, much to the relief of everyone
in the house. Order was restored, Juliet died once
more, and the performance ended without further
incident.

I have already mentioned some of the large
banquets given by Mr. Chamberlain, and also those
given by his American colleagues in his honour at
the Arlington Hotel. He gave four or five others,
with the details of which it is unnecessary to weary
the reader. With one single exception, not a jarring
note marred any of these festivities. Nothing could
have exceeded the cordiality of the relations which
subsisted between my Chief and the many promi-
nent American statesmen of all shades of politics

142. WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

with whom he was brought into contact during our
stay at Washington. The single exception to which
I have alluded occurred at a large dinner given by
Mr. Chamberlain in a private room at the Arlington
early in February. There chanced to be staying at
that hotel a certain Senator, whose name it would
serve no useful purpose to mention. I believe he
has long since retired from the arena of politics, if
indeed he is not engaged in some sphere of activity
in another planet. He was by no means an
attractive personality, but Mr. Chamberlain, who
had had one or two desultory conversations with
him at the hotel, asked me to send him an invitation
to this dinner, which he accepted, and duly turned
up. We were a dozen all told, including the
Chinese Minister in his native garb. We had a
sumptuous repast at a round table, and the Senator,
who sat next to me, did himself remarkably well.
We had reached dessert, and the Chinaman was
busy with his bananas. Suddenly the Senator, not
without difficulty, rose to his legs, and with his
right arm extended thus addressed his host, who
was sitting at the opposite end of the table :

“Mr. Joseph @Ghamberlain, sir. I’m pleased to
know you, sir, and am proud to be your guest this

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 143

evening. But there is one thing, sir, I would like
to say to you right here.” [At this juncture every-
one was getting hot and uncomfortable, wondering
what was coming, with the exception of the Chinese
Minister, who understood but little English, and
was still busily engaged with his bananas.] “Sir,
neither I nor my colleagues in this country have
ever been able to understand how you came to
desert the banner of that great man, Mr. Gladstone
[with emphasis on the “stone’’]. People, sir, who
do that kind of thing in this country are known

>

as ‘ Mugwumps.’”’ A good: deal more followed in
the same strain, till at length the Senator, having
exhausted his energies in this execrable ebullition,
resumed his seat. For the benefit of the uninitiated

“

I may mention that “ mugwump”’ is an Indian
word signifying a captain or leader, but it came into
political use by its application in lerision to those
members of the Republican party who, rejecting
Mr. Blaine, resolved to vote for his Democratic
opponent, Mr. Grover Cleveland. It was a study
to watch Mr. Chamberlain’s face during the delivery
of this ill-timed philippic. His reply was brief but
incisive. ‘‘ From the remarks that have fallen from
the lips of my friend the Senator from .. . I can

144 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

readily understand that he is wholly incapable of
appreciating the motives which influenced me in
severing myself from Mr. Gladstone.” It was
withering and overwhelming. The Senator said
no more. Mr. Chamberlain, metaphorically speak-
ing, had wiped the floor with him. Everybody
breathed a sigh of relief, and the Chinaman finished
his bananas.

CHAPTER IX
LAST WEEKS AT WASHINGTON

THE last weeks of our stay in Washington, with one
exception, were uneventful. We had any amount
of strenuous official work by day down to February
15, relieved by dinners, plays, and dances at night.
As the time approached for our departure all our
good friends at Washington vied with one another
in showing us unbounded and lavish hospitality,
notably so Mr. and Mrs. Henry Edwardes; Judge
John Davis and his charming and gifted wife ; Mr.
and Mrs. Hitt; Mr. and Mrs. Endicott ; Senator
and Mrs. Don Cameron; Mr. and Mrs. Grant ;
Mr. and Mrs. Loring ; Mrs. Wallach ; Mrs. Town-
send; Mr. and Mrs. Jerome Bonaparte; Mr. and
Mrs. Whitney; Mr. and Mrs. Reuterskiold (the
Swedish Minister), and others too numerous to
mention. We too had some pleasant little suppers
at the Arlington, at which I used to perform on the
banjo. More appreciative audiences I never wish
to meet. Not only did some of my English comic

songs, notably Corney Grain’s “Jarge’s Jubilee,” and
145 K

146 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

“He did and he didn’t know why,” prove in great
demand, but it was a treat to hear some of the
prettiest women and cheeriest men in Washington
joining in the chorus of “‘ Tenting on the old camp
ground,” a ballad that attained enormous popu-
larity during the war. Sometimes I had a chorus
of quite another kind, but no less melodious never-
theless. I allude to the negro attendants at the
Arlington, of whom there was a very large congre-
gation. I remember that one day, when alone, I was
playing a few chords in our work-room, when, on
opening the door suddenly, I found the staircase
crowded with these darkies, so I told them to wait
a moment and I’d give them a tune or two. To
hear those coloured ‘“‘ pussons”’ sing the “‘ Swanee
River” was a real treat. They could improvise
parts, and their voices were rich, melodious, and
always “ on the key.’

’

In other respects they were
erratic individuals, these niggers. Wild horses would
not induce one of them to take on any job for which
he wasn’t specifically ear-marked, so to speak. I
might ring my bell in bed in the morning and a
black head would bob in at the door saying, ‘‘ Do
you ‘warnt’ anything?” “ Yes, please,’ I would
reply ; “I want my fire lit.” “ Sure! I'll send
along the engineer right away,” would be the

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 147

answer. He wasn’t going to touch it, not he. He’d
brought up the tea, and that was quite enough for
him. But when it came to singing, they were on
common ground, and quite delightful company.

I wish I could remember one tithe of the good
stories I heard in Washington. Senator Evarts had
the reputation of being not only one of the cheeriest
raconteurs, but also one of the readiest wits in the
Capital. A lady once asked him if drinking so
many different wines did not make him feel seedy
the next day. ‘‘ No, madam,” he replied, “‘ it’s the
indifferent wines that produce that result.” Electric
trams had only recently been introduced at Wash-
ington when we went there. There were a fair
number of Chinese in the Capital, most of whom
kept laundries. The effect produced on one of
them on first seeing one of these trams is best
described in his own words: “No pushee! no
pullee ! go like hellee all the samee.” Should this
meet the eye of the attractive wife of a certain
Senator, I wonder if she will remember how I
laughed when she told me that story! Some of
those American ladies have a keen sense of humour,
and are the best company in the world! What
a contrast to some of our staid and ultra-orthodox
English matrons ! !

148 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

That infant phenomenon Josef Hofman came to
the Arlington early in February. He was a dear
little boy ten years old, and I remember giving him,
much to his delight, a bunch of roses from a pile
which adorned our dining-room on the eve of one
of our banquets. His piano-playing was something
marvellous. I went with Miss Gwynn to her box
at Albaugh’s Opera House on February 6, which
was crammed. He played among other things
Weber’s Concertstiick ; Beethoven’s Moonlight
Sonata ; a Chopin waltz and polonaise ; a gigue by
Bach ; a pastorale by Scarlatti ; besides improvising
all sorts of variations on given themes. There
never was such a prodigy, and his reception was
most enthusiastic. He had already appeared in
London, and taken the town by storm. Some time
later he was seriously ill for a lengthened period.
Whether he ever developed into a musician of such
eminence as his childhood foreshadowed I have
failed to ascertain. Stokes’ Cyclopedia of Music
and Musicians, beyond observing that he recovered
from his illness in 1894, supplies no details of his
later career. If this should meet the eye of any
reader who is in a position to supplement this infor-
mation, I should be grateful to receive it.

I have alluded to our concluding weeks being,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 149

with one exception, uneventful except for the usual
social festivities. The exception was Wednesday,
February 15, and though it happened to be Ash
Wednesday, it was by no means a day of “ sack-
cloth and ashes ”’ so far as we were concerned. It
was, in short, the red-letter day of our Mission, for
our official mandate came to an end by the signature
of a Treaty and two other documents, the practical
effect of which was to terminate the trouble over
the Canadian fisheries which had been a constant
source of friction for the best part of a century. ‘To
this, however, I must devote a separate chapter.
The Times at that period had no special correspon-
dent of its own at Washington, but was repre-
sented, and very ably represented too, by Mr. Joel
Cook, whose headquarters were at Philadelphia.
Joel Cook, himself an American citizen, was the
author of a most interesting series of articles, entitled
A Visit to the States, which appeared in the Times
and were published in book form in 1887. It is the
most comprehensive vade mecum ever compiled,
and may with advantage be studied by anyone
contemplating a visit to the great Republic for the
first time. In response to an invitation from Mr.
Chamberlain, Joel Cook came from Philadelphia to
Washington the day after the signature of the

150 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Treaty, and we jointly and severally compiled a
long cable message to the Thunderer which appeared
in its issue of February 18. It will suffice here to

reproduce one brief extract :

““Mr. Chamberlain, when asked to express his
views on the result of the negotiations, said: ‘ I] am
thoroughly satisfied with the result. I do not claim
to have gained a victory. No sensible man wishes
to obtain a triumph over friends. I have regarded
this difference as one between friends. But what I
do claim is that we have arrived at a just and honour-
able settlement, which, if considered on its merits,
will be accepted as satisfactory by all parties con-
cerned, and will terminate a controversy which has
lasted for a century, and has more than once
threatened the good relations of the two great
branches of the Anglo-Saxon race.’ ”’

The following paragraph appeared in one of
the local papers during our last week at
Washington :

“The Hon. Joseph Chamberlain is about to
leave Washington, and I shall not be contradicted
if I say that a very considerable part of Washington
is sorry. Never has there been such a diner out,
and a giver of dinners, in this town as the gentleman
who is going back in a few days to his seat in the

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 151

House of Commons. To him chiefly is it attribu-
table that the present winter has been the greatest
season for dinner parties that Washington has ever
known. And they have been gay and enjoyable
feasts too, for the Honourable Joseph has his wits
about him, and does not ask any odds from the
keenest of Yankee combatants in a contest of wit
and persiflage, any more than he needs to do in
dealing with matters of State. The ladies especially
will miss him, for rarely have they had such a guest.
It may be mentioned, by the way, that Mr. Chamber-
lain has not been so exclusively devoted to the
daughter of a Cabinet officer as some of the corre-
spondents have reported, in evidence of which
statement I have only to refer to the fact that he
gave a box party at the opera on Wednesday evening
to Miss Gwynn, one of the most charming and
accomplished young ladies in Washington society .”

On Monday and Tuesday, February 27 and 28
(the latter our last day in Washington), we were
busy packing up and paying farewell visits. It was
pleasant, of course, to feel we were going home, but
the pleasure was not unmixed with pain. I never
realised so vividly, before or since, the force of
Juliet’s words, “ Parting is such sweet sorrow,” as
when the time came to say ‘“‘ Good-bye” to so many
kind and valued friends on the other side. How-

ever, all things have an ending. Our last dinner,

152 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

and a very agreeable one, was at Mrs. Wallach’s,
Bergne and I having previously lunched with Mrs.
John Davis and Mrs. Don Cameron. ‘Thus ended
as pleasant a three months as I ever spent, or am
likely to spend ici bas !

CHAPTER X
“OFF TO PHILADELPHIA IN THE MORNING ”’

WE took our final departure from Washington for
Philadelphia by the 11.40 train on the morning of
Wednesday, February 29. Sir Lionel West, Spring
Rice, Arthur Herbert (who had just come to the
Legation as Second Secretary), and Monsieur
Gennadius, then, as now again, the Greek Minister
in London, and at that time on some special business
in America on behalf of his Government, came to see
us off. When we reached Wilmington, a little more
than halfway between Baltimore and Philadelphia,
Captain Clipperton, then our consul in “the
Quaker City,” accompanied by a deputation of
four members of the St. George’s Society, boarded
the train and travelled with us to Philadelphia. The
deputation consisted of Mr. Samuel Lees, President
of the Society ; Mr. George Dixon, Secretary of the
Society; Mr. J. H. Williams, Secretary of the
United Lodges of the Order of the Sons of St.
George; and Mr. John Lucas, one of its most

prominent members.
153

154 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

The St. George’s Society is a very ancient institu-
tion, claiming to have been founded as far back
as 1772. It consists of about a hundred wealthy
men, and its funds are devoted to relieving cases
of British distress in Philadelphia. ‘Though asso-
ciated with, it must not be confounded with the
“ Order of the Sons of St. George,”’ which comprises
thousands of members in every State of the Union.
It is composed of working men_ exclusively
English by birth or descent. It was started in
1870, when three Englishmen were brutally mur-
dered in the coal regions of Pennsylvania. ‘Two of
the known murderers and their families were quietly
spirited off from the processes of the law. It was
in the days of the well-remembered ‘“ Mollie
Maguires,” an organisation of assassins, said to be
a wing of the “Ancient Order of Hibernians,”’ for the
extinguishing of which both the civil courts and
the State militia were forced to adopt summary
measures. The Order of the Sons of St. George
grew rapidly, extending from State to State wherever
English working men congregated : there is a “‘ sick
benefit” of from 12s. to 20s. per week during sick-
ness, and a funeral allowance of from {10 to £20 for
a member, and half that sum for the funeral of a
member’s wife. The weekly dues of membership are

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 155

from 5d. to 74d. per week, and the fundamental prin-
ciple of the Order is to make provision for sickness
and death, thus preventing any member’s family be-
coming an object of charity. In addition to this the
families of the various lodges meet together socially
on stated occasions, thereby keeping alive the English
love of country and the festivities of her féte days.
This organisation is non-political, unsectarian, and
exclusively English: to its own membership it is
of great advantage ; it lends a helping hand, and its
officers are always ready to advise and to assist them
when landing in the United States.

On reaching the depét in Broad Street we found
a fairly large crowd, the members of which, having
got wind of Mr. Chamberlain’s arrival, accorded
him a favourable reception. The Philadelphia Press
of the following day wrote: “‘ Either for protection
against dynamiters or as a subterfuge to avoid Ameri-
can reporters, Mr. Chamberlain has two secretaries
so much like him in general appearance (?) that it
is difficult to tell which is the star of the trio, and
it was not until the ex-Mayor of Birmingham had
raised his hat in deference to an uncertain cheer
that the crowd were able to distinguish him.”

Our self-constituted chaperons, who had taken us
body and soul under their zgis, escorted us to St.

156 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

George’s Hall, where we were received by more
leading members of the organisation, and inspected
Sulley’s painting of Queen Victoria, which hung
in the main hall, and had just come back
from England, where it had been sent for her
Majesty’s Jubilee. After this ordeal we drove to
the Lafayette Hotel, where we had engaged rooms
for our brief visit.

There was, however, but a short rest for us here,
as we had to attend a large banquet at five o’clock,
given by the Society of St. George, at the Union
League. They gave us a very good dinner, as will
be seen from the menu. Mr. Samuel Lees, the
President, sat at the head of the table, with Mr.
Chamberlain on his right and Mayor Fitler on his
left. I suppose there were about a hundred present,
all told, consisting mostly of the leading members of
the Society and their invited guests.

MENU
OYSTERS. CHATEAU SAUTERNE.

Soup.
BISQUE A LA ROYAL.

Fish.
BOILED ROCK. LOBSTER SAUCE.
BERMUDA POTATOES. CUCUMBERS.
WINE: LIEBFRAUMILCH.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA

Relevés.

SADDLE OF SOUTHDOWN MUTTON. CURRANT JELLY.

STRING BEANS. POTATO CROQUETTES.
WINE: PONTET CANET.

Entrées.

ED?

SWEETBREAD A LA REINE. FRESH MUSHROOMS. TERRAPIN.

ROMAN PUNCH.

Rott.

QUAILS. CELERY MAYONNAISE,
WINE: MORIZET SEC, POMMERY SEC.

Cheese.
ROQUEFORT BRIE. CREAM. HOTHOUSE TOMATOES.

LEntremets.
FROZEN FRUIT. WAFERS.

Dessert.
ASSORTED FRUIT. ROAST ALMONDS.

COFFEE. COGNAC. CIGARS.

The hall was tastefully decorated with

the

American Stars and Stripes intermingled with
Union Jacks, and floral decorations of palms and
numerous baskets of cut flowers. The flags of the
two nations, three of each, were also printed in

colours on the obverse of the menu card.

It took us two and a half hours to get through
this banquet, and then the chairman proposed the
health of the Queen, which was drunk to the accom-

158 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

paniment of the English National Anthem. This
was followed by the toast of the President, and the
singing of the ‘‘ Star-spangled Banner.”

Then came Mr. Chamberlain’s turn, in response
to a few words of welcome by the chairman. Mr.
Chamberlain said that, although he had been given
to understand there would be no speeches, he was
glad of the opportunity to acknowledge the courtesies
extended to him by the Society, as well as American
hospitality generally. It was no new thing to
Englishmen, and if the Society imagined that the
visitors were fit objects for the charity they so freely
dispensed, it grievously erred. His party had
come, he continued, on an important diplomatic
mission, and perhaps his hosts thought it was their
part to “ take them in.” He hoped that his errand
would be conducive to the object they all had at
heart—that of uniting, still more effectually, the
friendship between England and America. He
concluded by saying: “I see opposite to me—
symbolical of the work of your Society—the two old
flags. May they long wave together and tighten
the bond between our countries.”

Among the speakers that followed were Mr. Fitler,
then Mayor of Philadelphia; Lewis Abrahams,
President of the Washington branch of the Society ;

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 159

William Waterall, an ex-President ; Joel Cook ;
and even Bergne and I were compelled to say a
few kind words, which cost nothing beyond some
slight embarrassment to our two selves. Mr.
Waterall, in the course of his remarks, said: ‘‘ We
feel that, in doing honour to our distinguished
visitor, we are honouring the Queen and the country
he represents. Although we are American citizens,
we have never lost the love for the land of our birth.
But we never interfere in American politics.” He
advocated the settlement of international disputes
by arbitration, a doctrine that appealed to the
common attribute of man—justice !

The Philadelphia Press of the next day in its
report of this banquet indulged in some facetious
personal remarks, of which I quote a sample:

“In his evening dress and without his fur coat
Mr. Chamberlain looked less like a Comedian, and
more like the Statesman. His face while the
speeches were in progress was an object-lesson for
aspiring diplomats, and his tact at the trying portions
of the banquet was as happy as his speech. After
the Queen’s health was drunk standing, and that
of the President was proposed, Mr. Chamberlain
was the only gentleman at the head of the table who
rose in deference to it, notwithstanding John L.
Lawson’s command to ‘ sit down.” When some of

160 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the Anglo-American speakers dropped their ‘ h’s,’
Mr. Chamberlain’s countenance was sphinx-like in
its lack of expression. When John Lawson com-
pared Cromwell to Christ, he stared vacantly at the
chandelier, and it was only when Select Councilman
Freeman launched forth into a bloodthirsty defence
of war, that his lips showed visible signs of his in-
ward amusement.”

As regards poor Bergne and myself, the following
is the impression we left on the mind of the repre-
sentative of the aforesaid organ:

“ Messrs. J. H. G. Bergne and W. R. D. May-
cock, Mr. Chamberlain’s assistants, were the next
speakers. Without their greatcoats they differ
greatly in personal appearance. Mr. Bergne is an
old-looking young man with a reserved air. He
sat through the speeches with one leg crossed over
the other, gazing at the toe of his patent leather
shoe. Mr. Maycock, on the contrary, is large
and oval, with more the air of a club man than a
diplomat.”

This function over, we walked across to the
Horticultural Hall, close by, where we found an
assemblage of some two thousand members of the
Order of the Sons of St. George. The Grand
Secretary, Mr. Williams, introduced Mr. Chamber-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 161

lain, who met with an enthusiastic reception. Mr.
Chamberlain made a long speech to them. After
referring to the origin, history, and objects of the
Order, he expressed his hearty sympathy with it,
and his fervent hopes for its future prosperity. He
assumed that the majority of the company present
were British Americans, and he wanted them to
consider what that appellation implied. They were
Americans first of all, and he congratulated them
upon their choice, for in that Greater Britain be-
yond the seas they would find all the characteristics
of the Great Britain they had left behind at home.
While sharing in the duties and responsibilities and
privileges of their new life, and in the future fortunes
of America, they had not surrendered their great
inheritance of the past of England—the thousand
years of glorious tradition. ‘Their Order had
shown that allegiance to the new land was not in-
compatible with affectionate regard for the old
home.

He believed that the cordial friendship of these
two great nations was the best guarantee for the
peace of the civilised world, and it was to promote
that object that he came there, accepting at twenty-
four hours’ notice the difficult Mission with which

he had been entrusted by the Queen. That Mission,
L

162 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

he went on to say, had accomplished its purpose,
and the result is now submitted for the sober judg-
ment of the American people. It was not a mere
Fishery Treaty, but one of amity and good neigh-
bourship—the act of two English-speaking peoples.
Canada had held out the hand of friendship to her
brothers in America, and he believed every true
American would be in favour of grasping the hand
so held out. The differences which had arisen
should not be regarded as a dispute between hostile
parties : it was no more than a difference between
friends, mutually desirous of removing any cause of
irritation. Therefore to speak of concessions having
been made as being ignominious was an abuse of
language. ‘There had been no surrender of any-
thing which it was honourable to maintain. He had
been four months in America, and he was over-
whelmed with gratitude for the cordial hospitalities
extended to him. He had, it was true, been pained
by some of the expressions used in public, and in
the press, in reference to his country and his country-
men. ‘They were treated as if they were foreigners
and a rival nation. “I decline,” he said with em-
phasis, ‘“‘ to be considered a foreigner in the United
States.” He thought sometimes some American
Columbus would have to undertake the ‘“ dis-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 163

covery” of England—not the England which was
so frequently depicted, as the cruellest and foulest of
tyrants, but the England of to-day, the true mother
of free nations greater than herself.

This speech was heartily applauded, everybody
singing ‘‘ He’s a jolly good fellow.” Then pro-
cessions were formed, and we three, individually
and collectively, shook hands with over two thousand
of those worthy people, more than one of whom Mr.
Chamberlain, with his marvellous memory for faces,
recalled having met in their boyhood at Birmingham
schools. It had been a strenuous day altogether,
and we retired to rest thoroughly exhausted and
worn out.

The next morning we drove in two carriages,
accompanied by Clipperton, Mr. Lees, Mr. Wil-
liams, and Mr. Lucas, to the office of the late Mr.
George W. Childs, the opulent proprietor of the
Public Ledger, one of the largest and most influ-
ential newspapers of Philadelphia. Mr. Childs
received us himself, and showed us an interesting
collection of pictures and other curios in his private
office, which was quite a museum in its way. Mr.
Childs, a gentleman rather short in stature, but a
very agreeable personality, was a very remarkable
and enterprising man. When Dean Stanley visited

164 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the States in 1878, he was the guest of Mr. Childs
at Philadelphia. The Dean incidentally mentioned
in a post-prandial conversation that Westminster
Abbey was conspicuous by the absence of any
suitable memorial to some of the earlier English
poets. Mr. Childs at once took the hint, and erected
the memorial window to Cowper and Herbert,
which is now in the Abbey. He further contem-
plated placing a window in memory of Shakespeare
in the church at Stratford-on-Avon. This scheme,
for some reason or another, never came to maturity,
but he found the money for the erection of the
“American fountain’ at Stratford, with which
those who have visited that interesting town are
doubtless familiar. Sir Henry Irving presided at
the opening of it on October 17, 1887, on which
occasion Mr. Phelps, the American Minister, de-
livered a speech. Mr. Childs, however, never saw
it himself. It is a pretty piece of architecture,
adorned with a clock, and provides water both for
man and beast. But it would have been better had
it been fifteen or twenty feet higher, as the door
under the arch is so small that even a little boy
cannot enter it without stooping.

From the Ledger Office we went to A. J. Drexel’s
banking house, and thence to Mayor Fitler’s office

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 165

in Chestnut Street, where the operation of the new
City Charter, and the general methods of adminis-
tration, were explained to us. We next visited In-
dependence Hall, where the Declaration of Inde-
pendence was adopted in 1776, and where we saw
an interesting old bell. This bell, originally cast in
England and sent to Philadelphia, has running
round its top the prophetic inscription: “ Pro-
claim liberty throughout the land unto all the
inhabitants thereof.’ It rang out in joyous peals the
news of the signing of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence, and is regarded as one of the most precious
relics in America. Some fifty years before we saw
it, it had got cracked, and is no longer rung on
anniversaries as formerly. It hangs from the roof
of the corridor in the hall, where it cannot be
touched—a wise precaution, relic-hunters having
chipped no end of chunks off its rim. It was in
this hall that George Washington delivered his
farewell address in closing his term of service as
first President, so it is altogether a very interesting
edifice. We finished up by a drive round Fair-
mount Park.

We dined that night with Mr. Childs, who occupied
a fine mansion adjoining the offices of his paper,
where we had an excellent dinner, followed by

166 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

speeches. We all had to say something. I re-
member making some fairly felicitous remark about
Mr. Childs’ name being as well known and as much
respected in England as it was in Philadelphia, and
the pride I felt at being his guest that evening. The
Chief complimented me warmly on these spon-
taneous utterances when he got back to the hotel,
saying that if I followed him much longer, I should
make quite a distinguished speaker. Needless to
say, this compliment from so eminent an orator
pleased me enormously. I said I only hoped he
would give me the opportunities. ‘There were quite
a lot of prominent men at this dinner, whose names
are inscribed on my menu. Wayne MacVeagh,
who enjoyed a great reputation as an after-dinner
speaker, which he did not belie on this occasion ;
Captain Clipperton, our Consul; J. G. Rosen-
garten ; Dr. William Pepper ; Daniel Dougherty ;
John Russell Young; Lindley Smith; Judge
Paxson; A. J. Drexel; Mayor Fitler; William
V. Mackean ; George B. Roberts (President) and
Frank Thomson (Vice-President) of the Pennsyl-
vania Railway ; Colonel Loudon Snowden; Joel
Cook; Charles Emory Smith; General Horace
Porter ; Colonel A. K. McClure ; Charles Francis
Adams, President of the Union Pacific Railroad ;

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 167

and last but by no means least, the eminent inventor,
Thomas Alva Edison.

This brought our festivities at Philadelphia to a
close. It was a busy and interesting city, of which
we would gladly have seen more. There were about
a thousand miles of paved streets, and two hundred
thousand dwelling houses in it at that time. Doubt-
less there are many more now. Going from Wash-
ington to Philadelphia is rather like going from
Leamington to Birmingham, so great is the contrast.
Anyhow we saw as much of it as was possible during
our brief stay in the ‘‘ Quaker City.”

CHAPTER XI
BACK AGAIN AT NEW YORK AND HOME

We left Philadelphia at 9.40 on the morning of
March 2, in a special car kindly placed at Mr.
Chamberlain’s disposal by Mr. Roberts, President
of the Pennsylvania Road. Mr. Edison accom-
panied us, having business in New York, and as
we sat next to one another, I had a long and
agreeable conversation with him. He is a quiet
and very reserved man, and struck me as much
occupied with his own thoughts, probably evolving
the technique of some new invention destined to
startle creation. He has no great love for England,
[ gathered, and seldom visits this country. At that
time he resided in Philadelphia, but has since taken
up his abode in New Jersey. Anyhow, I was proud
to have made the acquaintance of so remarkable and
eminent a personage. On reaching New York we
went to our old quarters at the Brevoort House,
and lunched there. In the afternoon we called on
the Bookers, and I went to see Mr. Miller, a brother-
in-law of George Dyott, an old schoolfellow of
mine. Miller was a great Tacquet player, and I had

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 169

seen something of him and partaken of his hospi-
tality when we first landed.

All the New York papers of this day gave long
telegraphic summaries of the despatches we had sent
home, containing the result of our labours, which
Lord Salisbury had promptly laid before Parliament,
and to which I shall allude in a subsequent chapter.

In the evening, at the invitation of Mr. Erastus
Wiman, who organised the banquet, we were
sumptuously entertained by the Canadian Club
at the Brunswick Hotel, a full report of which
appeared in the Herald of the following day. As
this was the first and only occasion on which Mr.
Chamberlain spoke in any detail publicly about the
business of the Mission on American soil, I feel
warranted in reproducing the report im extenso, as
it certainly has an historical value :

HONOURING MR. CHAMBERLAIN
ENTERTAINED BY THE CANADIAN CLUB AT DINNER

The Fisheries Treaty discussed by the English Com-
missioner—Speeches by G. E. Foster, Canadian
Minister of Marine, Erastus Wiman, Mayor
Hewitt, and others—Secretary Bayard and Sir
Charles Tupper send Regrets

At the dinner tendered him and his associates by
the Canadian Club last night, Joseph Chamberlain

170 ~=WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

threw aside the reserve with which a diplomatist is
usually supposed to mask his opinions, and took
his hearers entirely into his confidence concerning
the Fisheries Treaty, in the negotiation of which he
has played so important a part. His speech came
as a surprise, and created a profound impression.
It was a bold and ingenious defence of the Treaty
against the attacks upon it which have been current
both here and in Canada. Mr. Chamberlain spoke
with great force and earnestness, and concluded
with an eloquent appeal for judgment on the Treaty
upon a higher plane than what he called mere
partisan politics.

Erastus Wiman, President of the club, presided
with his usual felicity. At his right were Mr.
Chamberlain, Mayor Hewitt, and W. Lane Booker,
C.M.G., the British Consul-General ; on his left
were George E. Foster, Canadian Minister of
Marine and Fisheries, and J. H. G. Bergne, C.M.G.,
of the British Foreign Office. There were also at
the President’s table Professor J. G. Schurman,
the Rev. Robert Collyer, H. W. O. Edye, W. Robert
Hoare, the British Consul; Henry Lang, the Rev.
D. Parker Morgan, the Rev. Dr. S. Rainsford,
General Horace Porter, ex-Governor D. H. Cham-
berlain, E. F. Beddall, Sir Alexander Galt, George
G. Williams, C. N. Jordan, C. J. Canda, Nathaniel
Niles, Theodore N. Vail, James R. Cuming, J. E.
Larned, Willoughby Maycock, Jonathan A. Lane,
President of the Boston Merchants’ Association ;
Jacob Wendell, and W. R. Driver. Among the
others present were Dudley Phelps, J. W. Lovell,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 171

Dr. 'T. Hallen, G. M. Fairchild, Colonel Finlay
Anderson, George Wilson, secretary of the New
York Chamber of Commerce; Edgar A. Willis,
Secretary of the Toronto Board of Trade; and Dr.
C. R. Agnew.

Mr. Chamberlain, who may some day, if he cares
for the honour, be Sir Joseph, looked supremely
happy. In lieu of the accustomed orchid, there
was a red rose in his buttonhole, and his face was
wreathed in smiles. Nearly behind him was a
full-length portrait of her Majesty the Queen, and
perhaps out of regard for her august presence and
that of the guest of the evening, although the
bunting was numerous, the flag of Ireland was
conspicuous by its absence. The Union Jack of
England and the Stars and Stripes of America were
frequently entwined in loving embrace. In other
respects the decorations were profuse and pretty,
thanks to Sir Roderick Cameron, who though
absent, sent a substantial reminder of his interest
in the occasion, in the shape of a handsome cheque.
The mandolin orchestra and the Schumann Glee
Club agreeably supplied gaps between the speeches.
The toasts were elucidated with apt quotations
from Shakespeare. But perhaps in view of the
recent expressions of opinion concerning the
Treaty, the following, which headed the menu,
might furnish some ground for a bill of ex-
ceptions :

“6 WE ARE CONTENTED UPON A PLEASING TREATY ”’

172. WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

MR. WIMAN’S FELICITOUS GREETING

The President in his introductory speech com-
mented on the significance and interest of the
occasion, and proceeded to refer to the Fisheries
question in a tone marked by moderation and by a
desire to urge the promotion of good feeling on
both sides. He spoke in terms of praise of the work
of the Commissioners, and urged the advantage of a
policy that might be called one of ‘‘ bear and for-
bear ’’ between two such nations as the British and
the American. Said he:

A settlement was most ardently desired : a good
and honest and well-equipped body of men have
earnestly and laboriously sought the grounds for
that settlement. By mutual concession, and by
mutually yielding important points, this ground has
been discovered, and the result is in the main about
as much as could be achieved under all circum-
stances. At any rate, it is significant testimony on
behalf of the Treaty that the extremists on both
sides are disappointed, and bitterly assail each
other for the advantages gained. (Applause.) On
the middle ground between these two extremes
seems the only tenable position of safety, and on
that ground the Commission and the Treaty stand.
Certainly the great mass of the public are eager for a
settlement, and if the Treaty is not confirmed, it will
not be because there is not an overwhelming majority
on both sides of the line who would like to see it
made effective, and the whole question dead and
buried and for ever out of sight. (Applause.)

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 173

CHEERS FOR THE GUEST OF THE EVENING

After Mr. Wiman’s speech followed the toast of
“The President of the United States,” which was
responded to by three hearty cheers and the “ Star-
spangled Banner,” sung by the Glee Club. Then
the health of the Queen was drunk. The cheers
were heartier even than those that greeted the
health of the President, and when “‘ God save the
Queen ”’ was sung, it turned out that nearly every-
body was acquainted with the song. Then came
Mr. Chamberlain’s speech. It might perhaps be
regarded as significant that the quotation which
followed his toast was from Love’s Labour’s Lost.
He was received with uproarious applause, and was
frequently cheered.

Mr. President and Gentlemen: On behalf of my
English colleagues and of myself, I thank you
sincerely for the cordiality of your reception. It is
a great pleasure to me, at the termination of my
Mission to America, to be permitted to enjoy the
hospitality of the Canadian Club, which was tendered
me almost upon my arrival. In the interval which
has elapsed, I have seen and heard and learnt a great
deal which has been of the deepest interest to me ;
and which cannot fail, I think, to be profitable to me
in the future.

I am glad to say that the greater knowledge I
have acquired of this country has only confirmed
and strengthened the favourable and kindly feeling

114 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

with which I have always regarded the affairs and
the people of America. (Applause.) It would
have been very strange had it been otherwise, for
during my stay here I have received from everybody
with whom I have been brought into contact, per-
sonal kindness and encouraging hospitality and
generous consideration, which have left behind a
sentiment of overwhelming gratitude and good will.
(Applause.)

Mr. President, in your opening remarks you have
alluded to the Mission which brought me to this
country. You are aware of the object which I had
in view, and, as you have said, this gathering is
specially interested in it. I don’t suppose that
either in Canada or in the United States of America
there is any person so bitter or so absurd as to dis-
pute the importance of good relations between
Great Britain and the United States of America,
and especially between the United States of America
and the Dominion of Canada. (Cries of Hear, hear,
and applause.)

For thousands of miles an invisible frontier line
separates the domains of the greatest of England’s
colonies from the vast territories of the United
States, and in spite of everything that political
science or political ignorance (laughter) can do to
erect barriers between nations, this social and com-
mercial intercourse between the two countries is
great and is continually extending. The railway
systems are so interlocked that any disturbance of
existing relations would constitute something ap-
proaching disaster, and might imperil hundreds of

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 175

millions of capital that is now invested in those great
enterprises. And yet, gentlemen, some time ago,
and possibly even now, there are men who would
contemplate without anxiety such a disturbance as
that which I have suggested, and who look forward
with a light heart to a commercial war, the result of
which no man can foresee. And this is by no means
the worst thing that might happen if a satisfactory
and friendly agreement is now admitted to be im-
possible.

RIGHTS UNDER THE EXISTING TREATIES

You referred, Mr. President, to the occurrences of
a year or two ago in 1887, and still later in 1886.
The Canadian Government, with the full support of
the Government of Great Britain, acting as it be-
lieved in the exercise of its undoubted treaty rights,
found itself constrained to interfere with numbers of
American fishing vessels pursuing their operations
in Canadian waters. ‘This interference, whether it
was justified by law or not, naturally and inevitably
provoked great indignation and ill-feeling in this
country, and it is not too much to say, that for some
time peaceful relations between the two greatest,
freest nations in the world—or if not the peaceful
relations, at all events the friendly intercourse be-
tween them—was at the mercy of the officials of
either of them, acting at great distances from the
central authorities, and who might be hot-headed,
or indiscreet, or unreasonable in the exercise of
extremely delicate functions.

Well, I remember when I first came to New York

176 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

I was told by a very distinguished American poli-
tician that I should find one of the great difficulties
in the way consisted in this: that the fishery ques-
tion was, as you have said, sir, so paltry a matter—
that is in comparison with the great American
interests with which this country has to deal; that
it was a question which politicians would think it
safe to play with. Believe me, gentlemen, there
can be no greater mistake than that. (Loud
applause.) The question which arouses national
sentiment is not a question to be trifled with. The
worst wars which have disgraced humanity have
proceeded from trifling causes. Nations are very
often more apt to resent petty affronts and in-
juries than they are a serious invasion of national
rights.

And, gentlemen, this was the state of things with
which the plenipotentiaries of the two countries had
to deal, when three months ago they met for the first
time at Washington, and this is the state of things
to which there are people in both countries who
apparently desire to return. If we had treated our
responsibility as lightly as some of those who
criticise the result of our labours, we should have
long ago relinquished our task in despair.

CONTENDING VIEWS AND CONFLICTING INTERESTS

You will readily believe that it was not an easy
task for us to reconcile contending views and con-
flicting interests. Both sides believed that they
were absolutely and entirely right. Both sides in

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 177

controversies always do. (Laughter.) Neither
side, probably, fully appreciated the strength of the
arguments that might be brought forward by the
other. It was only the anxious desire of all of us
to cement and confirm the friendly relations be-
tween Great Britain and the United States that
encouraged us to pursue our labours.

The result of those labours is now before you. It
is submitted not to the impassioned prejudices of
partisans, but to the calm and sober judgment and
the common-sense and reason, and above all to the
friendly feelings of the peoples of both countries.
(Loud applause.) I have seen this Treaty de-
nounced as a surrender. It is rather an interesting
fact that on the same day I received a copy of an
important newspaper published in Canada which
denounced our Agreement as an abject betrayal of all
the rights of Canada, and at the same time I read
an article in an influential organ published in New
York, which declared that the humiliation of the
United States was now complete (laughter), that
there had been a cowardly betrayal—a cowardly
abandonment—of all the claims and contentions of
this country.

It may appear to you at first sight that these views
are conflicting and inconsistent. (Laughter.) But,
gentlemen, that would be a hasty judgment.
(Laughter.) ‘They are absolutely consistent in this,
that they are the views of the organs of the oppo-
sitions to the respective Governments which are
answerable for the Treaty. (Loud laughter and
much cheering.)

M

178 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

NO SURRENDER ON EITHER SIDE

Now I will venture, with some knowledge of the
subject, to say to you that there has been no sur-
render at all on either side of anything which
national honour and national interests demanded
that we should maintain (cheers), and I will say
that in this Treaty both sides have substantially
gained what they contended for, and that the only
concessions that have been made are the concessions
which honourable men would gladly tender if they
are endeavouring to settle a difference between
friends, and are not endeavouring to gain an unfair
advantage over opponents. (Cheers.)

Now, if you will bear with me, I should like to
take this opportunity of saying a few words as to the
principal provisions of this alleged capitulation
(cheers), and at the outset I want to call your
attention to this very important fact. I have alluded
to the irritation which was caused by the proceed-
ings of the Canadian Government in 1886 and 1887.
We have gone to the roots of that irritation. We
have removed its causes ; and I can tell you that if
this ‘Treaty had been in operation in the beginning
of 1886, of all these cases of interference with Ameri-
can fishing vessels, there would not have been six—
I do not believe there would have been two.
(Cheers.) Now that is at least an important fact
to bear in mind when you are told, as you have been
told, that we have settled nothing, and that Canada
has conceded nothing in order to secure friendly re-
lations with the United States of America. (Cheers.)

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 179

CONCESSIONS MADE BY CANADA

On the contrary, I say that in this matter Canada
has conceded everything that the claims of humanity,
the claims of international courtesy, or the comity
of nations can possibly demand, and at the same
time Canada has maintained, as she was bound to
maintain, the vital and essential interests of her
citizens. (Cheers.) I do not believe that there is
any international jurist of the slightest reputation
who would deny that Canada had the legal right to
refuse the great majority of the concessions that
have been made in this Treaty.

At the present moment the relations between the
two countries with regard to fishery operations are
regulated by the Convention of 1818. That we have
gone back to a Treaty that was made seventy years
ago is not the fault of Canada. It is not the fault
of Britain. It is the act of the United States of
America, the Government of which country de-
nounced successively the substitutes for the Con-
vention of 1818, which have been arranged in the
shape of the Treaty of 1854, and the second Treaty
of 1871. By the action of the United States of
America, the condition of affairs was relegated back
to the Treaty of 1818.

The Treaty of 1818 declares in express terms
that the fishing vessels of the United States shall
have access to the harbours of Canada for four pur-
poses, viz., for wood, for water, for shelter or for
repairs, and for no other purpose whatever. It is
impossible that language could be plainer, and yet

18% WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

at the present moment you will find the opponents
of the present Treaty declare altogether for the
Treaty for which it is a substitute. They try to
construe the words of the Convention of 1818, “ for
no other purpose whatever,” as if they were for
every other purpose whatever. (Laughter and
cheers.)

GOOD POLICY ON THE PART OF CANADA

But, gentlemen, although, as I have said, the legal
rights of Canada in this matter were unassailable, I
have never concealed my opinion, and I state it here
to-night, that it was only good policy on the part
of Canada, it was only what good neighbourhood
demanded of Canada, that she should not interpret
those legal rights in their strictest way ; but that
she should concede to a friendly nation all the con-
veniences and privileges that she could possibly
afford without serious injury to her own subjects.
(Cheers.) Canada declines and always has declined
to allow her ports and harbours, which Providence
has placed in close proximity to the great fisheries
of the Banks, Canada declines to allow these ports
and harbours to be made the base of operations for
competitors, who rigidly exclude her from their
markets. (Cheers.)

These facilities are offered freely in return for an
equivalent. As long as the equivalent is denied,
Canada feels justified in declining to accord those
facilities, which are essential to the conduct of the
fishery operations : everything, as I have said, which

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 181

the comity of nations or the courtesy of nations or
the convenience of the fishermen can require has
been and will be freely accorded by the Canadian
Government under the Treaty which we have just
made. (Cheers.)

ANOTHER MATTER SETTLED

Well, we have settled another matter, which has
been one of constant controversy since this Con-
vention of 1818. We have delimited the exclusive
fishery waters of Canada. You are aware that it
has been the contention of the Dominion, supported
by high legal authority, that under that Treaty the
fishermen of the United States were debarred from
approaching within three miles of any of the bays or
harbours of Canada. On the other hand, the United
States have contended that they were entitled to fish
anywhere three miles from shore, whether in bays
or outside of them.

We have settled that difficulty with what may be
called a compromise ; but at any rate, by an arrange-
ment which is in accordance with the latest inter-
national laws, in agreement with the principles of
the North Sea Convention, the latest instrument of
the kind in European diplomacy, and we have settled
it in a way which I believe will be satisfactory to
every reasonable and fair-minded man. I have
seen it objected that we have not included
land-locked bays, that the Bay de Chaleur and
the Bay de Miramichi have been excluded. Of
course they are excluded, because these bays

182 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

come under the exclusive territorial jurisdiction
of Canada.

I should like to ask any American who may be
present here to-night to apply the three-mile limit
or the ten-mile limit to the shores of the United
States of America, without taking care to exclude
such bays as Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay,
or other similar estuaries of the coasts of the United
States (cheers), and I only ask of Americans that
they should seek to be content to do to Canada as
they would that Canada or some greater power
would do to them. (Cheers.)

I will not dwell, although I attach great impor-
tance to them, I will not dwell upon those pro-
visions in the Treaty, which provide for a prompt |
and economical jurisdiction in the case of fishery
offences, which limit the penalties to be inflicted,
and which specify the special cases to which for-
feiture may still be exacted ; but you will see that
they are declared by the same spirit which has
governed the provisions of the rest of the Treaty.
They are all consistent with a spirit and with an
intention of amity and good fellowship, and they
have been inserted in order to remove as far as

possible for the future causes of irritation and of
hardship. (Cheers.)

THINGS DENIED TO FISHERMEN

Under the Treaty as it stands there are only
three things denied to the fishermen of the United
States in Canadian waters. In the first place, they

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 183

are not allowed to fish in the territorial waters of
Canada ; and they have told us again and again by
the mouths of their leading representatives that
this privilege has no longer any value for them ;
that they repudiate any desire to acquire it; that
they believe it is worth nothing, and that certainly
they are unwilling to pay anything for it. We took
them at their word. (Laughter and cheers.) They
will not have the privilege, and they will not be re-
quired to pay for it. (Cheers and laughter.) The
other two privileges from which they are utterly
excluded are the privilege of obtaining supplies
essentially intended for the prosecution of the fishery
industry ; the shipping of crews and the trans-
shipment of their catch.

Now, gentlemen, is it fair that these privileges,
which are part of the geographical advantages of
Canada, should be conferred upon American fisher-
men without any equivalent of any kind? Is it
reasonable that two great countries should be kept
in hot water because these gentlemen decline to pay
anything for privileges from which they are ex-
pressly excluded under a solemn Treaty which they
have obtained on previous occasions by very large
concessions on their part; which at the present
time they declare to be worth nothing to them-
selves or to anybody else? But even these things
they can have at any moment. They can have
them, in the first place, at any time when the Legis-
lature of the United States may see fit to give to
the consumers of the United States a cheaper and
a more abundant supply of fish (laughter and

184. WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

applause), and even if the Legislature of the United
States in its wisdom should deem that to be un-
desirable, the fishermen can still have these privi-
leges for a limited period of two years under what is
known as the modus vivendi, on payment of a mode-
rate licence fee. I have seen it stated by people who
apparently are unacquainted with the circumstances
of the fishers, that this proposal would involve the
payment of $300 or $400 by each fisherman, and
would be absolutely ruinous to them. Well, the
average size of American fishing boats engaged in
this trade is less than 100 tons, therefore the annual
fee would be less than £30, or about $150.

NOT A MONSTROUS PROPOSAL

But when it is said that this is a monstrous pro-
posal, that this alone ought to ensure the rejection
of the Treaty—with which it is in no way con-
nected—I would venture to point out to you that it is
a proposal freely and voluntarily offered by Canada
as a great and additional concession, as a proof of
friendship and goodwill, which Canada will only be
too happy to withdraw if it is not accepted in the
same spirit. (Cheers.) There is nothing in this
proposal which is compulsory. If the fishermen
think that the advantages offered are not worth the
price which is demanded, and which we think to be
altogether insignificant, if they think so, they are not
bound to avail themselves of it ; and as far as they

are concerned the proposal may be a dead letter.
(Cheers.)

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 185

I can quite understand that many people in
Canada may think that the plenipotentiaries have
gone too far—that they have gone out of their way
in making this offer ; but our feeling was that there
were difficulties attending the immediate ratification
of this international document, both in this country
and in Canada, and that in the meantime fishing
operations were about to begin, and we were bound
to do all in our power to tide over the interval and
avoid the irritation which would otherwise be caused
by the persistent refusal of these privileges. But,
as I have said, if the offer is misunderstood or
undervalued by those for whose benefit it was in-
tended, nothing will be easier than to secure its
absolute and its unconditional withdrawal. (Ap-
plause.)

ANXIOUS TO BE UNDERSTOOD

Now, gentlemen, I hope I have not wearied you
(cries of ‘‘ No, no ”’) by dealing in some detail with
the separate provisions of this Treaty ; but I have
been anxious before I left your shores to do anything
which lay in my power to remove some of the mis-
apprehensions which seem to me to prevail in
respect of it. We, the plenipotentiaries on both
sides, animated by an intense feeling of anxiety as
to future possibilities, if an agreement were not
arrived at, animated also by a strong desire to draw
closer the ties between the two great nations of
Britain and America, have prepared and submitted
this agreement. The responsibility now rests upon

186 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

other shoulders. It rests in the first place, no
doubt, upon the people of the United States, a
country where public opinion is all-powerful. It
rests upon the Senate of the United States, upon
that great legislative and executive body, which in
the past history of the country has played so dis-
tinguished a réle. And for my part I cannot
bring myself to doubt that they will rise to the
height of this great occasion; that they will not
suffer party lines or party interest to influence
them in a matter of international interest ; that
they will do all in their power to aid our efforts in
promoting a concord upon which the peace and
the civilisation of the world may depend. (Loud
applause.)

I trust that they will remember the words of
General Grant, written by him when he was almost
on his deathbed, and which may be considered,
therefore, as his last legacy to the American people.
In the closing chapter of his Memoirs, he says:
“England and the United States of America are
natural allies (applause), and ought always to be the
best of friends.’ (Loud applause.)

That great warrior, who had fought more battles
and won more victories than any man in history, did
not look upon war with the complacency with which
it is regarded by irresponsible politicians and
editors of newspapers, and he thought he saw the
best guarantee of peace in the friendship which he
regarded it as his duty to promote. That friend-
ship, believe me, is important to the interests of both
our nations. It is dictated by our common origin ;

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 187

by the ties of blood and all history ; by our tradi-
tions and by all that connects us.

BLOOD THICKER THAN WATER
What says the American poet ?

“Thicker than water in one rill
Through centuries of story,
Our Saxon blood has flowed, and still
We share with you its good and ill,
Its shadow and its glory! ”

Gentlemen, I believe that there is no higher
ambition for a statesman in either country than to
have contributed in the slightest degree to draw
closer and tighter the bonds of amity that should
always unite all the branches of the English-speaking
people. (Tremendous cheering and waving of
handkerchiefs, followed by a call of ‘“ Three cheers
for Chamberlain,” which was responded to with
renewed and unabated enthusiasm.)

AN OFFICIAL’S UNOFFICIAL REMARKS ON FISHERIES

** Our Canadian Guests ”’ was the next toast on the
list, and coupled with it was the name of George
E. Foster, the Canadian Minister of Marine and
Fisheries, whom the Chairman introduced with
such kindly reference as to draw forth round after
round of applause. After disclaiming that he spoke
as official representative of the Canadian Govern-
ment, and expressing regret at the absence of Sir
Charles Tupper and the Minister of Justice, and

188 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

also paying a tribute to the love which Canadians
who dwell in this country continue to cherish for
their native land, he said in part :

Is it because eighty or one hundred years ago
there was a little difference between your ancestors
and our ancestors in which you succeeded—happily
for the general civilisation and progress of the world
—that any of the ill-feeling evolved during that
struggle should still continue? As the bitterness
engendered by your own great war of twenty-five
years ago has died out, why should not the bitterness
engendered by a struggle which took place three-
quarters of a century earlier die out likewise?
(Applause.) From 1840 until to-day there has
never been a year during which the Canadian
Government has not shown a disposition to meet
the people of the United States more than half way,
so far as commercial relations or fishery relations
were concerned. (Applause.) We have always
been anxious for reciprocal trade with the United
States. (Applause.)

SECRETARY BAYARD’S LETTER

After Mr. Foster had concluded, the following
letter from Secretary Bayard was then read by Mr.
Wiman :

DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
WASHINGTON, D.C.,
March 1, 1888.
Erastus WIMAN, Esq.

My bear Sir,—I did not receive until Monday
last the card of invitation to the banquet to be given

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 189

to Mr. Chamberlain and his associates in the
negotiation of the Fishery Treaty by the Canadian
Club, in New York, to-morrow night. With it
came your most kind and courteous personal letter,
and I am truly sorry that my duties here compel me
to be absent on so enjoyable an occasion.

The work in which your most distinguished
guests have been here engaged is surely one of high
honour and usefulness, well deserving grateful re-
cognition at the hands of all who have at their heart
the happiness and welfare of Canada and the United
States. I hope the Treaty now pending for ratifica-
tion may be thoroughly comprehended on both
sides of the border and be tried upon its honest
merits. As its arrangements come to be under-
stood, the more it will be approved by all fair-
minded and reasonable men as an _ honourable,
practical, and just settlement of a controversy that
for generations has baffled adjustment and threatened
the friendly status of two neighbouring States, who
have no just cause to be other than steady friends.
The Treaty has been framed in a spirit of just and
mutual conciliation and advantage, and I earnestly
hope that the blindness of partisanship or the
influence of local selfishness or ignorance may not
be suffered to deprive the two countries of its great
benefits. Its defeat would bea great public calamity,
which I hope patriotism may avert.

Will you make expression of my regret in not
being able to join you in paying respect to your
distinguished guests, and believe me most truly
yours, Tuomas F. Bayarp.

190 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

KIND WORDS FOR OLD ENGLAND

The next toast on the list was “ England and
America,” but as W. C. P. Breckinridge of Ken-
tucky, who had been designated to speak to it, was
absent, the toast was passed over, and Professor
J. G. Schurman of Cornell University replied to
“The United States and Canada.” ‘The Professor
is a native of Canada, and ridiculed the idea of
annexation.

The Rev. Robert Collyer next spoke to the toast
of “ The Mother Land,” and said that although the
Republic of America was deep in his heart, he must
confess that his love for Old England was deeper
still. He never knew how much he loved her until
somebody said tart and unfair things of her. He
wound up as follows: “I always say that I am an
American and an Englishman. I don’t know that
I think, or have thought, so much about Canada.
(Laughter.) But to-night I find that I begin to think
more of Canada than I ever did.”

MAYOR HEWITT APPROVES THE TREATY

““ Manhattan Island—the Gateway of the Western
World,” was the toast assigned to Mayor Hewitt.
The Mayor said :

“Canada is a great country, but when you re-
member that its whole population is less than that
of the State of New York, what produces a com-

motion there hardly makes a ripple in this country.
(Laughter.) ”

UNITED STATES AND CANADA tor

At the conclusion of this banquet we drove down
to the docks, and retired to rest on the Cunarder
Umbria, commanded by that genial and expert
navigator Captain W. McMickan, one of the most
popular officers of the fleet in those days, especially
with his lady passengers. As we were the only
persons on board, it was rather like retiring to a
mausoleum, but there was bustle enough the next
morning when we faced the Atlantic once more,
homeward bound. ‘The saloon was a perfect flower-
show of magnificent roses and choice exotics brought
or sent by friends of the travellers as parting
souvenirs. Among the passengers were Mr. and
Mrs. Bradley Martin and their family, and Mrs.
Winslow and her two pretty daughters, now pro-
minent Christian Scientists.

We had a better passage home than on the out-
ward journey, a strong westerly wind being behind
us nearly all the way. So in lieu of “ pitch” we
had any amount of “roll,” perhaps a lesser evil of
the two, but nevertheless the reverse of conducive
to sleep at night. I spent much of my time with
the Bradley Martins, who had a sumptuous suite
of cabins to themselves.

On the night of March 4, Mr. Chamberlain and
I retired after dinner for a quiet smoke in the

192 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

captain’s cabin. He then informed me he was
going to confide to me an important secret which
he knew he could rely on being in safe keeping. I
told him he need have no apprehension on that
score. He then unlocked his despatch box, and
showing me a very large and pretty photograph of
Miss Endicott, announced his engagement to that
lady, but the marriage was not to take place till
after the Presidential election in the autumn. I
was, of course, not wholly unprepared for this
announcement, but it was the first authentic in-
telligence I had so far received, and I congratu-
lated him heartily. Beyond his own family and
that of his future bride, and possibly the Presi-
dent, I don’t think a single soul knew of the
engagement till the autumn of that year, and I felt
flattered at my Chief taking me into his confidence.
Of course, the unauthorised paragraphs that had
appeared in the press, to which I have already
alluded, led to every one being bombarded with
inquiries, to all of which we replied that we knew
nothing. Mrs. Henry Edwardes, who always was,
and still is, a devoted friend of Mrs. Chamberlain,
and very much in her confidence at this period, did
not escape. A certain reverend gentleman who was
acting as Cicerone to a young English nobleman

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 193

travelling in the States and Canada, wrote and asked
her if she could confirm or deny the rumour. Mrs.
Edwardes, who is the embodiment of diplomacy
and discretion, naturally and very properly replied
that she knew nothing about it. When months
later the engagement was given out and became
public property, this same divine thought fit to
write her a homily on the enormities of duplicity,
and the condign punishments in store hereafter for
those who depart from the truth. Of course the
disquisition of this psalm-singing humbug was
treated with the contempt it deserved.

For the benefit of such of my readers as may not
be versed in transatlantic politics, it may be well
to explain why it was desirable to keep Mr. Cham-
berlain’s engagement a secret till later in the
year of our Lord 1888. Miss Endicott was the
daughter of a Cabinet Minister in Mr. Cleveland’s
administration. Mr. Chamberlain was the strongest
opponent in this country to Home Rule, though
always in favour of a liberal measure of local self-
government for Ireland. The one predominating
thought in America among politicians as a presi-
dential election approaches is which way the Irish
vote will be cast. On that largely depends the result.

So in America, just as in this country, the Irish vote
N

194 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

is a factor to be seriously reckoned with. It will
therefore be readily understood that there were good
grounds for apprehension that if it became known
that the daughter of a Democratic War Minister was
the affianced bride of a British statesman avowedly
opposed to Home Rule, the Irish vote, on those
grounds alone, might go solid for the Republican
candidate. So there was every reason to keep the
engagement a profound secret, and it was so kept
religiously by all who knew it till the following
November.

It was during one of our quiet chats in mid-
Atlantic that Mr. Chamberlain sounded me as to
what form of recognition Bergne and I would like
for our services when we got home. He wanted
nothing for himself, and was quite ready to approach
Lord Salisbury for anything that would be most
gratifying to us, and he had every reason for feeling
confident that his Lordship would readily acquiesce
in any recommendation he thought fit to make. I
knew very well that Bergne’s ambition was to have
a “ K.” in front of the ‘‘ C.M.G.” he already en-
joyed, and told Mr. Chamberlain so. As to myself,
I had to choose between a piece of ribbon, such as
a C.B., or a pecuniary honorarium. I couldn’t
reasonably expect both. My finances were not very

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 195

flourishing just then, and my ambition was to take
and furnish a house, having enjoyed the discomfort
of “furnished apartments”? for many years of
married life. So I simply said that, all things con-
sidered, I would appreciate a grant from the Ex-
chequer more than anything else. ‘That is the sum
total of all I had to do with the matter. I was given
a gratuity of a very munificent character, far more
perhaps than I deserved. Some of my colleagues
taunted me with being a “ jobber !”’ and one—a very
dear friend too—went so far as to say he would not
have taken it had he been in my shoes, which I don’t
for a moment believe. People don’t as a rule refuse
money when it is offered to them, least of all im-
pecunious Government officials. Anyway, that is
my experience. When “ My Lords of the Trea-

> not without a groan, finally sanctioned the

sury,’
gratuity Mr. Chamberlain had proposed for me,
I wrote and told him, at the same time expressing
my cordial thanks. This is what he wrote me in
reply :
40 PRINCES GARDENS, S.W.,
June 12, 1888.

My pear Maycocx,—I am very glad to hear
that my application on your behalf will be complied
with, and am happy to have been instrumental in
securing a recognition of services which I know

196 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

were as willingly rendered as they were valuable.
Believe me, yours very truly,
J. CHAMBERLAIN.

Some time after I reached home I happened to
be dining with an opulent uncle, a very dear old
fellow and a very gallant soldier, now long since
called to his rest. I told him that I had had the
choice of honours or money for my reward, and had
elected the latter.

“Why didn’t you take the honours,” he said,
“and come to me if you wanted money?” I fear my
answer was rather brutal, but I am nothing if not
outspoken. I merely remarked that as all he had
ever given me since my childhood was a cheap
match-box, which I still highly prized, I had no
particular reason for thinking that an attempt to
touch him for a “ monkey ” would be favourably
entertained. After that we passed the beans, and
changed the topic of conversation.

We had a grand concert on the night of March 7
on board the Umbria, and collected £34 odd for the
Liverpool and New York Seamen’s Orphanage.
Mr. Chamberlain presided, and, being in his happiest
vein, made a most excellent chairman. I append
a copy of the programme :

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 107

PART I
PIANOFORTE Solo: Fantasie . . . .. . Miss Mati
Sone: “?’Tis I” 2. . . . . Mr. Deny A. Lowirz
Sone: “A Bird in Hand 7 . . . Mr. J. T. H. Brastey
Sone: “The Girl from Sligo” . . . . R. Bricurman, A.B.
Recitation: “Burglar Bil” . . 3. . Mr. W. Maycocx
PIANOFORTE Soto: “Simplette” . . : Miss DUPEE
Sone: “The Palms” . . . . . Mr. Avotpu Kern
Recitation: “Jim Bloodso” . . . Mr. E. P. RATHBONE
Sone: “ Bid me Good-bye” . . Miss NELLY Rosinson

Sonc aND CuHorus: ‘‘ Three Sailor Boys ”
Mr. BEASLEY AND CHORUS

PART II
PIANOFORTE Soto: “Largo” . . . . . Miss DupreE
Sone: “In den Augen liegt das Here . Mr. Apotpa KERN
Sone: “Dear Heart” . . . . Mr. THEO STEWART
Sone (banjo): “A Girl with an Aopetiie* Mr. W. Maycocx
Sonc: “Golden Love” . . . 2... Mrs. MACKINNON
Sone: “Auntie”... . . . Mr. Deny A. Lowitz

Sonc anD CHorus: “ The Midshipmite ”
Mr. E. P. RATHBONE AND CHORUS
Comic Sonc: “’madude” .... . Mr. A. HERtTz

NaTIONAL ANTHEMS

I scored a big hit with the “jo” in the second
part, having no fewer than five genuine encores.
Altogether it was a very festive evening. Mr.
Chamberlain was a warm devotee of the banjo, and
enjoined me to be sure and bring it with me when
I came to Highbury. We reached Queenstown
safely about midnight on March g and found a shoal

198 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

of correspondence, and arrived at the Liverpool bar
about four the following afternoon. Mr. William-
son came out with a tender and took us ashore. A
very enthusiastic crowd gave Mr. Chamberlain a
warm welcome on the landing stage. His son,
Austen, came to meet him with the Mayor and
Mr. Jesse Collings. Bergne and I followed and

‘

saw them off at Lime Street in a “ special” for
Birmingham. We both felt quite grieved at saying
“good-bye ” to our esteemed Chief, with whom we
had had such a pleasant association and worked in

absolute harmony for so many months.

CHAPTER XII
WHAT THE MISSION ACCOMPLISHED

THERE is a novel, which achieved some notoriety,
entitled Six Chapters of a Man’s Life. My aim in
compiling this work is to give a succinct account of
““One Chapter’ of a man’s life, and by no means
an unimportant chapter either; for not only did
Mr. Chamberlain meet with a lady of incomparable
worth, who subsequently became his devoted wife,
but he practically found a peaceful solution of an in-
tricate and complicated problem that at one moment
had reached a point which threatened to imperil the
friendly relations now happily subsisting between
this country and the United States. It is only
right, therefore, to explain in some detail precisely
what the mission accomplished, otherwise the
record would be incomplete. I am not divulging
any official secrets in saying that at one moment
the negotiations practically came to a deadlock. In
his speech at Birmingham on March 20, Mr.
Chamberlain himself said: “ Although there were

times when our task appeared to be almost hopeless,
199

200 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

yet at last we succeeded.”’ It was after our return
from Canada to Washington that the impasse re-
ferred to was reached. Mr. Chamberlain had
come to an understanding with Mr. Bayard before
we started from Washington in December, that if
the Dominion Government would make certain
concessions, the Americans would on their part
make certain corresponding concessions, and thus
a settlement would be reached. ‘There is no need
to specify in detail what those mutual concessions
were. Suffice it to say that on the faith of these
assurances we went to Canada, and, as a result of
more than one protracted interview with Sir John
Macdonald, in which Sir Charles Tupper also took
part, the Dominion Government eventually, though
not without reluctance, agreed to the concessions
they were asked to make. Having achieved our
object, we returned to Washington in the full belief
that the Americans would fulfil their part of the
bargain. But to our dismay we found them indis-
posed to do so. Mr. Bayard said he had only
spoken for himself, and had not pledged his col-
leagues. What had happened during our absence
in the Dominion is purely a matter of conjecture.
Possibly some Senatorial intervention may have
influenced the President and his advisers. Be that

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 201

as it may, the attitude of the American plenipoten-
tiaries had undergone a marked change, and the
prospect of accomplishing anything looked as black
as the countenances of the negroes in the hotel. It
was at this crisis, early in January, that Mr. Chamber-
lain and I took a walk one morning towards the
Washington Memorial. He then told me of his
intention to make an announcement in the Plenary
Conference that afternoon, that further parley being
apparently useless, he had resolved to break off the
negotiations and return home. I suggested as an
alternative that we might utilise Sir Lionel West:
‘“* Get him to go and see Mr. Bayard at once, with the
gloomiest countenance he can assume. Let him
tell Mr. Bayard that your patience is exhausted, and
that you have concluded to go home if they cannot
see their way to granting the concessions we had
every reason to expect would be accorded. That
will give them time to think it over anyhow.”

Well, Mr. Chamberlain thought this a good idea,
and adopted it. West went and saw Bayard, with the
result that when the Conference met that afternoon,
a change had come o’er the spirit of the dream.
A strong disposition was evinced by the other
side to be more conciliatory ; by the next meeting
we had got all we wanted; and thenceforward

202 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

all went as merrily as the proverbial marriage
bells.

On February 15, the plenipotentiaries signed a
Treaty and a Protocol which latter constituted a
modus vivendi. ‘The Treaty required the approval
of the American Senate and the Legislatures of
Canada and Newfoundland. The Protocol, being
a purely administrative arrangement, required no
further formality to bring it into operation, and its
practical effect was to remove all of the pre-existing
difficulties, which was eminently satisfactory. I
append the text of these two instruments.

Treaty between Great Britain and the United States
for the Settlement of the Fishery Question on the
Atlantic Coast of North America. Signed at
Washington, February 15, 1888.

Whereas differences have arisen concerning the
interpretation of Article I of the Convention of the
20th October, 1818 ; Her Majesty the Queen of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and
the United States of America, being mutually de-
sirous of removing all causes of misunderstanding
in relation thereto, and of promoting friendly inter-
course and good neighbourhood between the
United States and the possessions of Her Majesty
in North America, have resolved to conclude a

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 203

Treaty to that end, and have named as their Pleni-
potentiaries, that is to say :

Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable
Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.; the Honourable Sir
Lionel Sackville Sackville West, K.C.M.G., Her
Britannic Majesty’s Envoy Extraordinary and
Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of
America ; and Sir Charles Tupper, G.C.M.G., C.B.,
Minister of Finance of the Dominion of Canada :

And the President of the United States, Thomas
F. Bayard, Secretary of State ; William L. Putnam,
of Maine ; and James B. Angell, of Michigan :

Who, having communicated to each other their
respective full powers, found in good and due form,
have agreed upon the following articles :

ARTICLE I

The High Contracting Parties agree to appoint
a Mixed Commission to delimit, in the manner
provided in this Treaty, the British waters, bays,
creeks and harbours of the coasts of Canada and of
Newfoundland, as to which the United States, by
Article I of the Convention of the 20th October,
1818, between Great Britain and the United States,

renounced for ever any liberty to take, dry, or cure
fish.

ArtTicLe II

The Commission shall consist of two Commis-
sioners to be named by Her Britannic Majesty, and

204 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

of two Commissioners to be named by the President
of the United States, without delay, after the ex-
change of ratifications of this Treaty.

The Commission shall meet and complete the
delimitation as soon as possible thereafter.

In case of the death, absence, or incapacity of any
Commissioner, or in the event of any Commissioner
omitting or ceasing to act as such, the President of
the United States or Her Britannic Majesty, respec-
tively, shall forthwith name another person to act
as Commissioner instead of the Commissioner
originally named.

ArticLte III

The delimitation referred to in Article I of this
Treaty shall be marked upon British Admiralty
charts by a series of lines regularly numbered and
duly described. The charts so marked shall, on
the termination of the work of the Commission, be
signed by the Commissioners in quadruplicate,
three copies whereof shall be delivered to Her
Majesty’s Government, and one copy to the Secre-
tary of State of the United States. The delimitation
shall be made in the following manner, and shall be
accepted by both the High Contracting Parties as
applicable for all purposes under Article I of the
Convention of the 2oth October, 1818, between
Great Britain and the United States.

The 3 marine miles mentioned in Article I of the
Convention of the 20th October, 1818, shall be
measured seaward from low water mark; but at

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 205

every bay, creek, or harbour, not otherwise speci-
ally provided for in this Treaty, such 3 marine
miles shall be measured seaward from a straight
line drawn across the bay, creek, or harbour, in
the part nearest the entrance at the first point
where the width does not exceed 10 marine miles.

ARTICLE IV

At or near the following bays the limits of ex-
clusion under Article I of the Convention of the
20th October, 1818, at points more than 3 marine
miles from low water mark, shall be established by
the following lines, namely :

At the Baie des Chaleurs the line from the light
at Birch Point on Miscou Island to Macquereau
Point light; at the Bay of Miramichi, the line
from the light at Point Escuminac to the light on
the eastern point of Tabisintac Gully ; at Egmont
Bay, in Prince Edward Island, the line from the
light at Cape Egmont to the light at West Point ;
and off St. Ann’s Bay, in the Province of Nova
Scotia, the line from Cape Smoke to the light at
Point Aconi.

At Fortune Bay, in Newfoundland, the line from
Connaigre Head to the light on the south-easterly
end of Brunet Island, thence to Fortune Head ; at
Sir Charles Hamilton Sound, the line from the
south-east point of Cape Fogo to White Island,
thence to the north end of Peckford Island, and
from the south end of Peckford Island to the east
headland of Ragged Harbour.

206 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

At or near the following bays the limits of ex-
clusion shall be 3 marine miles seaward from the
following lines, namely :

At or near Barrington Bay, in Nova Scotia, the
line from the light on Stoddard Island to the light
on the south point of Cape Sable, thence to the
light at Baccaro Point; at Chedabucto and St.
Peter’s Bays, the line from Cranberry Island light
to Green Island light, thence to Point Rouge ; at
Mira Bay, the line from the light on the east point
of Scatari Island to the north-easterly point of Cape
Morien; and at Placentia Bay, in Newfoundland,
the line from Latine Point, on the eastern mainland
shore, to the most southerly point of Red Island,
thence by the most southerly point of Merasheen
Island to the mainland.

Long Island and Bryer Island, at St. Mary’s Bay,
in Nova Scotia, shall, for the purpose of delimita-
tion, be taken as the coasts of such bay.

ARTICLE V

Nothing in this Treaty shall be construed to
include within the common waters any such interior
portions of any bays, creeks, or harbours as cannot
be reached from the sea without passing within the
3 marine miles mentioned in Article I of the Con-
vention of 2oth October, 1818.

ARTICLE VI

The Commissioners shall from time to time report
to each of the High Contracting Parties such lines

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 207

as they may have agreed upon, numbered, described,
and marked as herein provided, with quadruplicate
charts thereof ; which lines so reported shall forth-
with from time to time be simultaneously pro-
claimed by the High Contracting Parties, and be
binding after two months from such proclamation.

ARTICLE VII

Any disagreement of the Commissioners shall
forthwith be referred to an umpire selected by Her
Britannic Majesty’s Minister at Washington and the
Secretary of State of the United States; and his
decision shall be final.

ArticLte VIII

Each of the High Contracting Parties shall pay
its own Commissioners and officers. All other
expenses jointly incurred, in connection with the
performance of the work, including compensation
to the umpire, shall be paid by the High Contracting
Parties in equal moieties.

ARTICLE IX

Nothing in this Treaty shall interrupt or affect
the free navigation of the Strait of Canso by fishing
vessels of the United States.

ARTICLE X

United States fishing vessels entering the bays
or harbours referred to in Article I of this Treaty

208 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

shall conform to harbour regulations common to
them and to fishing vessels of Canada or of New-
foundland.

They need not report, enter, or clear, when
putting into such bays or harbours for shelter or
repairing damages, nor when putting into the same,
outside the limits of established ports of entry, for
the purpose of purchasing wood or of obtaining
water ; except that any such vessel remaining more
than twenty-four hours, exclusive of Sundays and
legal holidays, within any such port, or communi-
cating with the shore therein, may be required to
report, enter, or clear; and no vessel shall be
excused hereby from giving due information to
boarding officers.

They shall not be liable in such bays or harbours
for compulsory pilotage ; nor, when therein for the
purpose of shelter, of repairing damages, of pur-
chasing wood, or of obtaining water, shall they be
liable for harbour dues, tonnage dues, buoy dues,
light dues, or other similar dues ; but this enumera-
tion shall not permit other charges inconsistent with
the enjoyment of the liberties reserved or secured
by the Convention of 20th October, 1818.

ARTICLE XI

United States fishing vessels entering the ports,
bays, and harbours of the eastern and north-eastern
coasts of Canada or of the coasts of Newfoundland
under stress of weather or other casualty may un-
load, reload, tranship, or sell, subject to customs

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 209

laws and regulations, all fish on board, when such
unloading, transhipment, or sale is made necessary
as incidental to repairs, and may replenish outfits,
provisions and supplies damaged or lost by disaster ;
and in case of death or sickness shall be allowed all
needful facilities, including the shipping of crews.

Licences to purchase in established ports of entry
of the aforesaid coasts of Canada or of Newfound-
land, for the homeward voyage, such provisions and
supplies as are ordinarily sold to trading vessels,
shall be granted to United States fishing vessels in
such ports, promptly upon application and without
charge ; and such vessels having obtained licences
in the manner aforesaid, shall also be accorded upon
all occasions such facilities for the purchase of casual
or needful provisions and supplies as are ordinarily
granted to trading vessels ; but such provisions or
supplies shall not be obtained by barter, nor pur-
chased for resale or traffic.

ARTICLE XII

Fishing vessels of Canada and Newfoundland
shall have on the Atlantic coasts of the United States
all the privileges reserved and secured by this Treaty
to United States fishing vessels in the aforesaid
waters of Canada and Newfoundland.

ArticLe XIII

The Secretary of the Treasury of the United

States shall make regulations providing for the con-
oO

210 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

spicuous exhibition by every United States fishing
vessel of its official number on each bow ; and any
such vessel, required by law to have an official
number, and failing to comply with such regulations,
shall not be entitled to the licences provided for in
this Treaty.

Such regulations shall be communicated to Her
Majesty’s Government previously to their taking
effect.

ARTICLE XIV

The penalties for unlawfully fishing in the waters,
bays, creeks, and harbours, referred to in Article I
of this Treaty, may extend to forfeiture of the boat
or vessel and appurtenances, and also of the supplies
and cargo aboard when the offence was committed ;
and for preparing in such waters to unlawfully fish
therein, penalties shall be fixed by the Court not to
exceed those for unlawfully fishing; and for any
other violation of the laws of Great Britain, Canada,
or Newfoundland relating to the right of fishery in
such waters, bays, creeks, or harbours, penalties
shall be fixed by the Court, not exceeding in all three
dollars for every ton of the boat or vessel concerned.
The boat or vessel may be holden for such penalties
and forfeitures.

The proceedings shall be summary and as inex-
pensive as practicable. The trial (except on appeal)
shall be at the place of detention, unless the judge
shall, on request of the defence, order it to be held
at some other place adjudged by him more con-

UNITED STATES AND CANADA a11

venient. Security for costs shall not be required of
the defence, except when bail is offered. Reason-
able bail shall be accepted. There shall be proper
appeals available to the defence only, and the evi-
dence at the trial may be used on appeal.

Judgments of forfeiture shall be reviewed by
the Governor-General of Canada in Council, or the
Governor in Council of Newfoundland, before the
same are executed.

ARTICLE XV

Whenever the United States shall remove the
duty from fish oil, whale oil, seal oil, and fish of all
kinds (except fish preserved in oil), being the pro-
duce of fisheries carried on by the fishermen of
Canada and of Newfoundland, including Labrador,
as well as from the usual and necessary casks, barrels,
kegs, cans, and other usual and necessary coverings
containing the products above mentioned, the like
products, being the produce of fisheries carried on
by the fishermen of the United States, as well as the
usual and necessary coverings of the same, as above
described, shall be admitted free of duty into the
Dominion of Canada and Newfoundland.

And upon such removal of duties, and while the
aforesaid articles are allowed to be brought into
the United States by British subjects, without duty
being reimposed thereon, the privilege of entering
the ports, bays, and harbours of the aforesaid
coasts of Canada and of Newfoundland shall be
accorded to United States fishing vessels by annual

212 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

licences, free of charge, for the following purposes,
namely :

1. The purchase of provisions, bait, ice, seines,
lines, and all other supplies and outfits ;

2. Transhipment of catch, for transport by any
means of conveyance ;

3. Shipping of crews.

Supplies shall not be obtained by barter, but bait
may be so obtained.

The like privileges shall be continued or given to
fishing vessels of Canada and of Newfoundland on
the Atlantic coasts of the United States.

ARTICLE XVI

This Treaty shall be ratified by Her Britannic
Majesty, having received the assent of the Parlia-
ment of Canada and of the Legislature of New-
foundland ; and by the President of the United
States, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate; and the ratifications shall be exchanged
at Washington as soon as possible.

In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipoten-
tiaries, have signed this Treaty, and have hereunto
affixed our seals.

Done in duplicate, at Washington, this 15th day
of February, in the year of our Lord 1888.

Protocol, dated February 15, 1888.

The Treaty having been signed, the British
Plenipotentiaries desire to state that they have been

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 233

considering the position which will be created by
the immediate commencement of the fishing season
before the Treaty can possibly be ratified by the
Senate of the United States, by the Parliament of
Canada, and the Legislature of Newfoundland.

In the absence of such ratification the old con-
ditions which have given rise to so much friction
and irritation might be revived, and might interfere
with the unprejudiced consideration of the Treaty
by the legislative bodies concerned.

Under these circumstances, and with the further
object of affording evidence of their anxious desire
to promote good feeling and to remove all possible
subjects of controversy, the British Plenipoten-
tiaries are ready to make the following temporary
arrangement for a period not exceeding two years,
in order to afford a modus vivendi pending the ratifi-
cation of the Treaty :

1. For a period not exceeding two years from the
present date, the privilege of entering the bays and
harbours of the Atlantic coasts of Canada and of
Newfoundland shall be granted to United States
fishing vessels by annual licences at a fee of 14
dollars per ton—for the following purposes :

The purchase of bait, ice, seines, lines, and all
other supplies and outfits.

Transhipment of catch and shipping of crews.

2. If, during the continuance of this arrange-
ment, the United States should remove the duties
on fish, fish oil, whale and seal oil (and their cover-
ings, packages, &c.), the said licences shall be issued
free of charge.

214. WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

3. United States fishing vessels entering the bays
and harbours of the Atlantic coasts of Canada
or of Newfoundland for any of the four purposes
mentioned in Article I of the Convention of the 20th
October, 1818, and not remaining therein more
than twenty-four hours, shall not be required to
enter or clear at the custom-house, providing that
they do not communicate with the shore.

4. Forfeiture to be exacted only for the offences
of fishing or preparing to fish in territorial waters.

5. This arrangement to take effect as soon as
the necessary measures can be completed by the
Colonial authorities.

(Signed) J. CHAMBERLAIN.
L. S. SACKVILLE WEST.
CHARLES TUPPER.

WASHINGTON, February 15, 1888.

Protocol, dated February 15, 1888.

The American Plenipotentiaries having received
the communication of the British Plenipotentiaries
of this date conveying their plan for the administra-
tion to be observed by the Governments of Canada
and Newfoundland in respect of the fisheries during
the period which may be requisite for the considera-
tion by the Senate of the Treaty this day signed, and
the enactment of the legislation by the respective
Governments therein proposed, desire to express
their satisfaction with this manifestation of an in-
tention on the part of the British Plenipotentiaries,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 15

by the means referred to, to maintain the relations
of good neighbourhood between the British pos-
sessions in North America and the United States ;
and they will convey the communication of the
British Plenipotentiaries to the President of the
United States, with a recommendation that the same
may be by him made known to the Senate, for
its information, together with the Treaty, when the
latter is submitted to that body for ratification.

(Signed) T. F. Bayarp.
Witiiam L. PuTNAM.
James B. ANGELL.
WASHINGTON, Febyvuary 15, 1888.

Animadverting on the salient features of these
two instruments, Mr. Chamberlain addressed a
long despatch to Lord Salisbury, from which the
following is an extract :

“In the course of the discussion, it became
evident that there existed a substantial agreement
on the main facts of the case, and that while on the
one hand the United States were ready to recognise
the right of Canada to guard the interests of her
fishermen in competition with those of the United
States, and to withhold any special advantages con-
ferred by the proximity of her ports and harbours
to the common fishery grounds, and not expressly
secured to the United States by Treaty, the

216 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Canadian Government, on the other hand, were
ready to afford all possible convenience and assist-
ance which the claims of humanity or the courtesy
of nations would justify, provided that these con-
cessions were not abused or construed into the
surrender of privileges essential, or, at the least,
important, to the successful prosecution of the
fishing industry.

“The Treaty now submitted gives expression to
these views. It provides for the full concession of
all commercial facilities to fishing vessels of the
United States, whenever and so long as the pro-
ducts of Canadian fisheries are admitted free into
the United States.

‘In the absence of such an arrangement, the
Treaty establishes the future position of the re-
spective parties and defines their rights. It pro-
vides for the delimitation of the exclusive fishing
waters of the British Colonies, substantially on the
basis of the North Sea Fishery Convention. It
establishes a prompt and economical procedure for
dealing with breaches of the Treaty or of any laws
and regulations affecting the fisheries ; and while
expressly excluding American fishermen from ob-
taining fishing supplies, it pledges the Govern-
ments of Canada and Newfoundland to afford to
them every assistance and convenience that can be
fairly asked for on grounds of humanity or inter-
national courtesy.

“Tt also enlarges the conditions under which
American fishermen have hitherto enjoyed the
rights secured to them by the Convention of 1818.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 217

“Your Lordship will observe that the Plenipo-
tentiaries have exchanged Protocols on the subject
of a modus vivendi for a period of two years, in
order to allow ample time for the consideration
by the Senate of the United States and by the
Legislatures of Canada and Newfoundland of the
principal instrument.

‘“‘ By this arrangement, United States fishermen
will enjoy temporarily the advantages and com-
mercial facilities contemplated by the Treaty in
consideration of a licence issued at a moderate
fee by the Governments of Canada and Newfound-
land.

‘“‘ It may be hoped that in this way all possibility
of the recurrence of the irritating incidents which
marked the fishery season of 1886, and in a less
degree that of 1887, may be obviated. I venture to
hope that these arrangements will be approved by
Her Majesty's Government, and that they may
assist in confirming and extending the friendly and
cordial relations between the United States and
Great Britain.

“‘ T have great pleasure in saying that the relations
between the British Plenipotentiaries have been of
the most cordial and harmonious character through-
out the whole of this protracted discussion. The
desire felt by Sir Lionel West and myself to remove
all just cause of irritation has been fully shared by
Sir Charles Tupper, whose intimate knowledge of
the subject of controversy has materially contributed
to the successful issue of the negotiations. I have
also to acknowledge the great advantage I have

218 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

derived from the tact and large experience of Sir
Lionel West.

““Mr. Winter, Attorney-General of Newfoundland,
was in Washington during the greater part of the
proceedings, and was able to keep the British Pleni-
potentiaries fully informed of the views of his
Government. At the request of the British Pleni-
potentiaries, Mr. Winter was invited to lay before
the Conference the special case of Newfoundland,
and presented a Memorandum dealing with the

subject, which has already been forwarded to your
Lordship.”

Mr. Chamberlain concluded this despatch with
a warm eulogium of the services which Bergne and
I had rendered, and his appreciation of the great
assistance we had been to him.

Early in May 1888, after a protracted debate,
the Bill which Sir Charles Tupper as Minister of
Finance, in an exhaustive and masterly speech, had
introduced, was passed by the Dominion Parlia-
ment, thus giving effect to the Treaty so far as
Canada was concerned. About the same time the
Newfoundland Legislature also accepted it.

We were always apprehensive, however, that the
Treaty might be rejected by the American Senate,
and, as a matter of fact, it was so rejected on August
21, by a majority of three, twenty-seven Democrats

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 19

voting in favour of ratification, and thirty Re-
publicans opposing it. It wasn’t a question of the
merits of the Treaty, but a strict party vote. The
Times correspondent at New York telegraphed as
follows :

“ Probably extreme political partisans never made
a greater error, even from the narrowest point of
view. ‘The Senators from the mode of their elec-
tion, and the length of their tenure, never closely
reflect popular opinion. Accordingly, although the
popular vote long ago removed the Republican
majority from the lower house, that party retains
power in the Senate. The chief motive of this re-
jection is to embarrass the Administration, in which
it will fail. Whether it succeeds in producing a
Commercial War with Canada, or Diplomatic
tension with Great Britain, either event will solidify
the entire population of the United States against
the Republican Leaders.”

Now although the privileges accorded by the
modus vivendi were nominally secured for two years
only, local legislation enacted in Canada and New-
foundland, and renewed from year to year, enabled
American fishermen, on payment of the licence fee
of $1.50 per register ton, to pursue their calling in the
Canadian and Newfoundland bays, and although it
became necessary to submit to the Hague tribunal,

220 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

for arbitration, certain minor questions of detail
respecting the interpretation of the Treaty of 1818,
which it is unnecessary to discuss here, the whole
question was finally and satisfactorily disposed of
by a further Treaty signed at Washington’ on July
20, 1912, and duly ratified by the President on
November 15 of that year. As Sir Charles Tupper,
in a letter to the Times of January 20, 1914, ex-
plained, Sir Allen Aylesworth, the Canadian Minister
of Justice who acted as the British Agent at the
Hague Arbitration, admitted that the Instruments
signed by Mr. Chamberlain and his colleagues at
Washington in February 1888 formed the basis of
the final settlement. Bearing this in mind, and
bearing also in mind that no friction of any moment
has ever arisen with the United States in regard to
the fishing rights of Americans in Canadian waters
since the negotiations of 1887-88, the reader can
come to but one conclusion as to the eminently
satisfactory and far-reaching results achieved by
Mr. Chamberlain’s mission, and the important chap-
ter which it marks in his official life.

1 Parliamentary Paper, Treaty Series, No. 22, 1912 (Cd. 6450).

ANNAHSIH OL HOVONddV

CHAPTER XIII
AT BIRMINGHAM

BIRMINGHAM, needless to say, lost no time in accord-
ing their beloved townsman a cordial ‘“ welcome
home,” and in marking its appreciation of the work
he had accomplished. _Bergne and I were bidden to
Highbury for the occasion, and a most enjoyable
time we had there. On the afternoon of March 28,
at a meeting of the town council, the mayor, Mr.
Maurice Pollack, presented Mr. Chamberlain with
an illuminated Roll, conferring on him the honorary
freedom of the Borough, a privilege which he was
the first to enjoy. The same evening a banquet was
given in his honour at the Town Hall. The toast
of ‘Our Guest” was proposed by Dr. Dale and re-
sponded to by Mr. Chamberlain. Then the Right
Hon. John Bright proposed the toast of “ Our
Kinsmen.” As it was the last speech in public ever
made by that great statesman and orator (he died the
following year at the age of seventy-eight), I need
hardly apologise for reproducing it textually, as well
as Mr. Chamberlain’s. The report is taken from
The Birmingham Daily Gazette of March 29, 1888.

221

222 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Mr. Chamberlain, in the course of his reply, said :
You know that, beyond all things, I value the good
opinion of my fellow-citizens, amongst whom the
greater part of my life has been spent. (Cheers.) I
have proved again and again the falsehood of the
proverb that a man is not a prophet in his own
country—(hear, hear)—and at all times I have found
the most honourable interpretation of my motives
and my actions, the most generous appreciation of
such services as I have attempted to render here in
Birmingham, amongst my own people, in the town
of my adoption and my affection, and with which
all the past associations of my life are inseparably
connected. (Cheers.) I was sure when I went to
America that I should be followed by your good
wishes and your hearty sympathy, and that in
Birmingham, at any rate, I should have nothing
to fear from hostile critics or candid friends.
(Laughter and cheers.) I have no doubt that you
were amused, as I have been myself, at the ingeni-
ous surmises that were current elsewhere as to
the motives which prompted my acceptance of the
honourable task that was entrusted to me by
the Government. (Cheers.) On any question the
simplest explanation is the last which always sug-
gests itself to a certain class of mind—(laughter)—
but you will have no difficulty in believing that, in
doing as I did, I only followed the precepts that
have been urged again and again from this platform
by the leaders of opinion in Birmingham : that no
man, except under absolute necessity, can honour-
ably refuse a public duty, or the chance of a public

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 223

service. I knew that the prospects of my mission
were not very hopeful, that they even justified the
predictions of absolute failure with which I was
assailed ; but at least there was the hope that I
might be able to do something to promote peace
and goodwill between the two greatest nations of
the earth, and to knit closer together the bonds that
should unite all English-speaking peoples—(cheers)
—and above and beyond that hope I had the cer-
tainty that the great majority of my fellow-country-
men would approve of this object, and would judge
with leniency any one who undertook it. (Hear,
hear.) One by one the anticipations of evil have
proved to be unfounded. I was altogether un-
prepared for the warmth of the hospitality, for the
universal kindness and goodwill from all classes and
from all parties on the other side of the water.
(Cheers.) In the next place, I found the American
plenipotentiaries to be men of distinguished ability,
thoroughly acquainted with all the circumstances
of their case, and firm in the defence of what they
believed to be their rights ; but I found them also
men of fair and judicial minds, jealous of the honour
and good faith of the American people, and anxious
to promote, as far as in them lay, an honourable and
an amicable settlement. (Cheers.) The Canadian
Government and its representatives were equally
desirous of terminating the existing irritation. Al-
though there were times when our task appeared
to be almost hopeless, yet at last we succeeded.
(Cheers.) At this stage our duty is discharged, and
our work is now submitted to the legislatures of the

224 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

three Governments concerned. It is not for me to
anticipate their decision, but I observe that already
the prophets of evil are again at work—(laughter)—
but I hope they will be again mistaken. (Hear,
hear.) In any case, I am convinced that if our
Treaty be judged upon its merits and apart from
political considerations it will commend itself to the
vast majority of the people of the United States and
of Canada. I should like to speak for a moment on
the future relations between ourselves and our giant
offspring. (Cheers.) Americans are very sensitive
to English opinion—(hear, hear)—although I never
could discover that they cared a straw for the judg-
ment or criticism of foreign nations. I ventured to
tell my American friends that there was universal
amongst all classes in Great Britain a pride not
altogether unmixed with envy at the great expansion
of their country and its extraordinary prosperity,
and at the increasing intelligence and cultivation of
the people. (Cheers.) I told them that to be an
American was in itself a passport to the good offices
and the goodwill of every Englishman—(cheers)—
and on the other hand an Englishman in America
finds himself still at home. How can it be other-
wise? ‘The language, the literature, the laws, and
the religion are the same. The institutions are
modelled in the best spirit of English freedom. The
differences are only trivial and superficial. They
are not more important than the differences which
separate Englishmen and Scotsmen or Welshmen
and Englishmen. The two nations are indeed
only branches of a greater nationality which_ has

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 225

retained, under varying conditions, the persistent
qualities and characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon
race, and if this be true, surely it follows that any
serious quarrel between ourselves and America is
now impossible. (Cheers.) The very extent and
complexity of our common interests make contro-
versy from time to time almost inevitable, but we
may at least determine that, as far as in us lies,
these differences as they arise shall be settled as
between friends and kinsfolk, and not as between
enemies and rivals. (Cheers.)

Mr. Bright, who was loudly cheered on rising to
propose the next toast, ‘‘ Our Kinsmen,” said: It
has been my fortune—I will say my good fortune—
to have had to meet very large audiences in this
noble hall, and to address them on many subjects
of great interest to myself and to my countrymen
generally. I may say on no occasion have I risen
to address a meeting in this building with more
entire sympathy with its object than that which
I feel in standing before you on this occasion.
(Hear, hear.) When I saw that my friend and
colleague Mr. Chamberlain had been offered the
mission to the United States, and had accepted it,
I wrote to tell him that I thought the Government
had made a good choice, and that he was wise in
the acceptance of the office—(hear, hear)—and that
I could but hope for him and believe all the success
which he and the Government and the country
could hope for and could wish for. (Cheers.)
Well, what we have seen is this, that he has re-

turned successful with his colleagues in the great
P

226 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

work, and we can honestly congratulate him on his
success, and can hope that there may remain for him
many other occasions on which he may render
great services to his country. The toast or the
sentiment which I have been asked to propose is
“Our Kinsmen ”’ in America, that is, in the United
States and in the Dominion of Canada. (Cheers.)
Now I like the word “our kinsmen” very much.
When I read it it strengthened the disposition which
I had to be here this evening, and really I think we
have a right to call all these people on the other side
of the Atlantic “our kinsmen.” Are they not so?
Are they not people of our own blood? A hundred
years ago, a little over, the Republic of the United
States was founded. Who were the men who are
now held by all historians to have been the founders
of that Republic? There were great men dis-
covered there that the world before did not know
of ; at the same time the world discovered there
were very small men in this country. Our small
men legislated so as to bring about the Colonial
rebellion, and then the war was carried on in a
manner so utterly disgraceful and discreditable that
it was quite impossible that this country should suc-
ceed. ‘Then, in regard to these great men in the
United States of whom I speak—they were in
reality either English or British—we read of them
now as great men who founded the Republic. But
they were all our own countrymen; and at that
time they were subjects of the English Crown, and
if they had come over to this country they might
have stood for any constituency, and might have

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 227

been returned to and might have sat in the English
Parliament. So that whatever great glory and re-
putation—reputation I would rather say—is to be
given to them, we have at least a kind of share in it.
Look at their names. They are great men, Wash-
ington and Hamilton and Jefferson and the family
of Adamses, which furnished two Presidents of the
United States and three Ministers for the United
States to the English Government and Crown.
You may add to them Benjamin Franklin, and pro-
bably several others. Well, all these are the great
men of the American history of the last 120 years,
and all these men were at that time our countrymen,
and therefore I think we may hold ourselves to be
their kinsmen and they our kinsmen. Now, if
these names which I have mentioned, these great
men were our kinsmen, then I take it that their
descendants may be considered our kinsmen ; and
if the people of the United States are akin to us the
people of Canada are even more nearly so, for they
have at a more recent period emigrated from this
country to Canada, and therefore they are our
kinsmen. Although this great question, this irri-
tating question, which for the whole of this century
almost has troubled the condition of things between
Great Britain and the United States—although
that question is apparently on the verge of being
permanently and honourably adjusted, still there
are other questions that are before us, and before
the people of the United States and Canada, of *
considerable difficulty. But I hope they will not
be forced to be questions of danger. ‘Take, for

228 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

instance, the question of commerce between the two
countries. (Hear, hear.) If you were in the ex-
treme east of the Dominion of Canada with your
back to the Atlantic, and you looked straight across
the continent to the Pacific, you would have an
imaginary line of near 3000 miles in length; on
the right, the north, you would have five millions,
or not quite, I think, of Canadians, and I think you
would have sixty millions of the population of the
United States. Now, what have these people
done? The sixty millions of the population of the
United States have built up a wall the whole length
of this 3000 miles, not of bricks or of stone, but of
Acts of Congress, and they call it by the general
name of “ tariff »—(laughter)—and on the other
side the five millions of Canadians have built a wall
also of the same length, and pretty nearly of the
same height, and they call that also “ tariff,” but
these walls are there for the purpose of intercepting
commerce between the sixty millions on the south
and the five millions on the north. (Cheers.) And
the five millions on the north have done another
thing. ‘They have turned a corner, and run their
tariff wall on the eastern coast of the continent
northward, and thus have done their best also to a
large extent to shut out commerce with the mother
country. Now, I think, that is a fair statement of
the unwisdom of our kinsmen on the other side of
the Atlantic. But this system, as systems so stupid
and foolish generally do, fails to give satisfaction on
the northern side of the country. The Canadians
complain that they are shut out from free commerce

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 229

with the millions of neighbours in the south ; and
of course some persons in the south complain that
they are shut out by this barrier from the trade they
might have with the millions of the Canadian popu-
lation ; and the Canadians say that their trade is
blocked, and, in point of fact, they are very badly
treated. They cannot buy things they would like
to buy, and cannot sell things they would like to sell.
They can neither buy nor sell with freedom, and
they wish those barriers to be thrown down. Well,
I think that is a very sensible wish. An old friend
of mine, the late Edward Ellis, who was member for
Coventry for a great many years, had a property in
Canada ; in the later years of his life he paid a visit
to the United States, and he went to look at his
property, as was very natural, and when he came
back, in talking to me about it, he entered into
the subject of the possible connection between the
United States and Canada, speaking then of it as
a political connection that was possible. At some
future time, he said, he was quite certain that if
that connection took place, and if Canada became
a portion of the United States, that his Canadian
estate would immediately, or very soon, be doubled
in value. Well, he knew what he was talking about,
and if it was true of his estate it would be true to
some extent of perhaps hundreds and thousands of
estates north, if the tariff barrier were removed. My
opinion is that if economical facts of that nature are
so strong there will be a tendency that can hardly
be resisted to get over the sentiment, however
strong and however commendable, that it is better

230 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

for the Canadians to be associated politically with
Great Britain than politically with the American
Union. This is a matter which is pressing on,
because there is a large portion of the Canadian
population, a considerable portion at any rate, who
believe themselves to be greatly injured by the
commercial difficulties between them and_ their
kinsmen in the United States, and there are, I
believe, more than a million of Canadians who
have gone south, and are living in the United
States. The consequence is that the pressing
interest of the populations is such as to raise
for discussion a question which, I say, may
be one of considerable difficulty ; but I hope it
will be one that will not lead to any dangerous
collision between the United States and_ this
country. (Cheers.) We have had some discussion
lately, as you know, about what is called the federa-
tion of the Empire. ‘There is a member of the
House of Peers, rather a lively and a plucky noble-
man, Lord Rosebery—(cheers)—who has been
making speeches, interesting speeches, but the most
interesting to me and the longest, is that on the
reform of the House of Lords. (Cheers.) Now
the speech, as I said, was a long one, I think it was
at least five columns I read with great interest. It
was a speech of singular ability, and the only fault
in it was this, that however eloquent were its pas-
sages, when you came to examine it thoroughly, you
found that they lead to nowhere. (Cheers.) I
spoke of him as a plucky nobleman. Well, he is a
member of the order of the peerage for whom I

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 231

have great sympathy and a great respect. He has
taken under hand two very, what a contractor would
call two very big jobs. (Cheers.) One of them is
the reform of the House of Lords, and the other is
the Federation of the Empire. (Laughter.) Now,
the question of the House of Lords is one upon
which one might say a good deal, and perhaps one
might say something quite as sensible as anything
which was said by Lord Rosebery or any of his peers
who spoke on that interesting question; but, if
you like, we will leave the House of Lords for some
other opportunity. (Laughter.) The question will
grow ; but we will pass, if you will allow me, to the
question of the Federation of the Empire, and with
regard to that I have read a great number of speeches
upon it. I always read what people say about that
subject, because I am one of those who think the
whole scheme or project is impossible, and no
better than a dream. (Hear, hear.) Lord Rose-
bery, I don’t know whether he meant to refer to me,
but he spoke of those who treated the question as a
dream, and something not at all practical or practi-
cable. We will see. Let us go back for a moment
to a little over 100 years, the year 1776, when the
declaration of American Independence was signed ;
or the year 1783, when the treaty between the
revolted colonies and this country was signed, and
the Independence of America was secured for ever.
Let us go back to the time only ten years after that
treaty was signed. What was the condition of this
country ? We were entering on a war, the greatest
war the country was ever engaged in—one that

232 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

caused the slaughter of more men and a waste of
more treasure than any other war this country was
ever engaged in—the great war with the French
Republic and the French Empire—and that war
lasted, with scarcely any intermission, I think only a
few months, for more than twenty years. Now,
suppose that the American colonies had not re-
volted, or suppose our stupid fathers at the time
had conquered them and subjected them, what
would have been the result ? Why, as a matter of
course, the American colonies would have been
involved in the twenty years’ war in which this
country was involved. I think it was much better
that they were attending quietly to their own busi-
ness and going on in their own way. (Hear, hear.)
Therefore it would have been an enormous calamity
for the colonies of the United States—for the
thirteen revolted colonies—if they had continued
connected with this country, liable to all the
calamities of that frightful war which for more
than twenty years ravaged not only great portions
of Europe, but subjected the population of this
country to miseries and sufferings which no historian
has attempted to describe, nor can any of us, with
the greatest power of imagination, in the least degree
picture to ourselves. (Hear, hear.) Unfortunately
for us, our war policy is not abandoned. We are
always getting into some mischief, and I am sorry
to say that apparently it does not matter in the least
which party is in power. (Laughter.) I should
like to ask the advocates of federation whether they
find that Canada and the many great colonies that

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 233

cluster in the South Pacific, the Australian colonies,
will be willing to bind themselves to the stupid
foreign policy of war. (A Voice: “ Yes.”) Will
they be willing to undertake the responsibility of
entering into wars the seat of which is 10,000 miles
away, and in which they cannot have the slightest
interest, and when they may not have been in the
least consulted as to the cause of quarrel which this
country was rushing into? In my opinion the
colonies will never stand it, and if I were a Canadian,
or Victorian, or New South Wales man, or Queens-
lander, or New Zealander, I would take good care,
as far as I was concerned, that my voice should never
go in favour of the policy of the old country as far as
that was concerned. It would be much better for
humanity and for us that these colonies should be
under governments of their own and independent,
and should not enter into quarrels in which they
were not concerned, but endeavour to maintain
their own honour and not take part in the miserable
quarrels, contests, and wars which for a long time
past have disfigured the history of the kingdom in
which we live. (Cheers.) Now, there are in my
opinion two things which make what is called the
federation quite impossible. First of all, if you go
to the Australian colonies, you find the colony of
Victoria, of which Melbourne is the capital, is
strongly Protectionist, and they will not deal freely
even with the adjoining colony of New South Wales
or with the mother country. On the other hand,
New South Wales is entirely against Protection and
strongly for Free Trade. You know probably that

234 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the Minister of that colony is a townsman of your
own—Sir Henry Parkes. (Cheers.) We see,
without employing any argument to prove it, that
under these conditions there can be no kind of
federation or unison between them for common
purposes, and the difference will probably continue
to widen, and federation between them, and, it may
be, between Victoria and other colonies also, will
become pretty nearly, if not absolutely impossible.
There is another reason which makes it impossible,
that is the existence of our foreign policy, especially
in the East of Europe, which is constantly setting
up a peril that we are about to go to war with the
great empire of Russia on matters in which we have
really no interest whatever. I think it is quite
hopeless to expect there should be federation be-
tween our wide colonies and their vast populations,
and the people and the Government of this country.
I feel the whole thing is a dream and an absurdity,
but it does not follow that you may not do a great
many things by binding the colonies to us and
creating a perpetual friendship, I hope, between
them and the mother country. Now, what can one
say of the future of our race and of our kinsmen ?
Is that merely a dream? By no means. I, who
have no belief in this scheme of federation, have
the greatest possible belief in the great future of
those colonies, and in that future, also, I hope there
will be strengthened amicable connection with this
country. (Hear, hear.) In this country we are
rearing a population which, probably, by the end of
the century will be forty millions. In Canada and

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 235

Australia there are, I think, at least ten millions of
what we call our kinsmen and fellow-subjects, but
in the United States at this moment there are sixty
millions of population, which, by the end of this
century, in all probability will reach one hundred
millions. (Cheers.) Of these hundred millions I
suppose three-fourths will be persons of our own
blood. In this country and in Canada and in the
United States there are, or soon will be, 150 millions
of population, nearly all of which owes its birth and
origin to the comparatively small country in which
we live. It is a fact which is not paralleled in any
past history, and what may come in the future to
compare with it or excel it, it is not for us to speak,
or even with any show of reason to imagine. We
have in all these millions the same language, the
same literature, mainly the same laws, and the in-
stitutions of freedom. May we not hope for the
highest and noblest federation to be established
among us ?—that is a question to which I would
ask your special and sympathetic attention — of
the noblest kind of federation amongst us, under
different governments it may be, but united by
race, by sympathy, by freedom of industry, and
by communion of interests; and by a perpetual
peace we may help to lead the world to the better
time which we long for, and which we believe in—
(cheers)—although it may not be permitted to our
mortal eyes to behold it. (Cheers.) Now towards
this noblest confederation, that is, of sympathy
between us and the Canadians and the United States
and the Australians, even this meeting assembled

236 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

here to-night within this hall—details of which by
to-morrow will be published for the knowledge and,
I hope, for the sympathy and the instruction of
many of our countrymen—this meeting itself is
doing something towards that ; and I think it is a
matter of which Birmingham may be proud that
my friend here near me, your eminent citizen, has
been able, by a good fortune which statesmen may
envy, and by an exertion of abilities which are
peculiar and singular, and not in many cases ex-
celled or equalled, that he has been able to render
a service to his country and to the blessed cause of
peace which will give him pleasure I hope to the
last hour of his life. (Loud cheers.)
The toast was drunk with enthusiasm.

Some years before I went to America, I happened
to be dining with the late Henry Labouchere at
Pope’s Villa, ‘Twickenham, and among other in-
teresting people whose acquaintance I made that
night was Miss Braddon (Mrs. Maxwell). I
had always cherished a strong desire to meet
the author of Aurora Floyd and Lady Audley’s
Secret, novels which had enthralled me as a boy.
Miss Braddon was at that time engaged in the
preparation of a new book, the title of which I
forget for the moment, the salient features of which,
however, turned on the siege of Paris by the
Germans, and, as ‘‘ Labby”’ was correspondent of

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 237

the Daily News in Paris all through that eventful
period, he was naturally well qualified for supplying
Miss Braddon with all the necessary incidents and
local colour during that strenuous time. So it may
be imagined the conversation was most interesting.
I remember “‘ Labby ” saying to me, “If ever I
come to the Foreign Office, I shall at once abolish
all Ambassadors and Diplomatic Agents. Consuls
could quite well do all that is necessary. If ever
the need arose of sending a special commissioner to a
foreign country, I should give him a despatch before
he started to send home in due course, reporting

’

the result of his mission.” I tell this story as it is so
characteristic of Labouchere, who, as we all know,
could never be taken seriously, and never really
meant what he said. Nor did his utterances quite
fit in with the line he took when the supplementary
estimates, embodying, inter alia, the cost of our
mission, £3900, came up for discussion in Parlia-
ment on March 1, 1888, in supply. I quote from

the Times report of the following day :

Mr. Labouchere said that he would assume with
respect to the special mission to the United States
that the best man possible had been sent out, that
the best possible treaty had been signed, and that
the time chosen for the mission was the best time,

238 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

though it used to be a rule of diplomacy that it was
a radical mistake to treat with the United States just
before a Presidential election, when there probably
would not be a majority in the Senate to ratify a
treaty. His objections were entirely of a financial
character. Diplomacy cost this country {£241,000
in purely political matters ; and besides this there
was the Consular service. In the United States
we had an eminent representative who received a
salary larger than that of the Prime Miuinister.
Obviously, the permanent legation, which costs
about £8000 a year, ought to have negotiated this
treaty. Last year there was the mission of Sir H.
Drummond Wolff, which involved a large expendi-
ture. He objected to these missions as not being
necessary, and also to their excessive cost. The
House was rather surprised when so large an amount
as £3900 was asked for the Washington mission.
They were more surprised when they were told
that this was not all.

Sir J. Fergusson—That was a mistake; the
vote of £3900 covers the whole expenditure.

Mr. Labouchere said that the sum was itself so
monstrous that more would have been too out-
rageous. Mr. Chamberlain——(“ Order, order.”
The hon. member then turned to Mr. Collings,
amid laughter.) The right hon. member for
Birmingham’s travelling expenses would be £180.
His hon. friend said that would be second-class—
(laughter)—but it was not so—it would be first-
class. Suppose the sum were f{190. The right
hon. gentleman left on October 29 and returned on

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 239

March r. After deducting the two voyages, about
10g days would be left. Thus the expenditure was
at the rate of £33 or £34 a day. Now at Wash-
ington, as everybody knew, there were fixed
charges ; about $5 (or £1) a day. Then suppose
the right hon. gentleman were allowed £1 a day for
wine—(laughter)—and allowances were also made for
incidental expenses. ‘Then about £5 a day would
be a reasonable allowance. It might be said that
the right hon. gentleman was hospitable. But we
had a Minister there, Sir L. Sackville West, who
received a salary intended to be spent in hospitality.
Sir Charles Tupper was sent by the Canadian
Government, but he should be much surprised if
the Canadian Government authorised so lavish an
expenditure. It was not necessary that our repre-
sentative should live like a prince and practise
princely hospitality at our expense. He would not,
however, move for the reduction of the vote, as,
though he objected to its excessive amount, his
main objection was to the mission itself. As his
hon. friend (Mr. Collings), who also came from
Birmingham, voted with him last year against Sir
Drummond Wolff’s mission, no doubt he would
also vote with him on this occasion. (Laughter.)
The talk of the noble sacrifices made by politicians
who went on these special missions was all claptrap.
Gentlemen were glad to go out and obtain some
sort of political position by spending the country’s
money and enjoying themselves. The House ought
once and for all to oppose these special missions, which
ought to be discharged by our permanent Ministers.

240 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

He moved to reduce the vote by £3900, the cost of the
special mission to the United States.

Note the words italicised! “‘ Labby” was al-
ways hostile to Mr. Chamberlain over the Home
Rule question, and never forgave him for severing
himself from the Gladstonians. It was “ gall and
wormwood ”’ to the member for Northampton to
feel that Mr. Chamberlain had had a “ good time ”
and that his mission had been successful. The vote
was ultimately carried by a majority of 246.

CHAPTER XIV
L’ENVOI

I HAVE already alluded to the reasons which made
it desirable that Mr. Chamberlain’s engagement
should be kept secret till the result of the Presi-
dential election was announced on November 7, 1888,
on which date Mr. Chamberlain was on board
the Aurania in mid-Atlantic bound for New York.
I had taken a berth for him and his man-servant
in my name. The Aurania sailed from Liverpool
on November 3. Mr. Chamberlain managed with
extraordinary cleverness to get from Birmingham
to Liverpool, and into his cabin, without a single
soul recognising him, nor were his individuality or
presence discovered when the vessel stopped at
Queenstown to pick up the mails. ‘There were no
wireless messages in those days. ‘The murder was
not out till the Aurania reached New York on the
12th, by which time President Harrison’s election
was known, and there was no longer any need for

secrecy. The next day the New York World
241 Q

242 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

favoured its readers with the following sample of

its facetiz :

MAYCOCK IS CHAMBERLAIN

HOW THE BRITISH STATESMAN CAME OVER AFTER
HIS BRIDE

He dropped his alias when the steamer got away from
Liverpool—Mrs. Paran Stevens was a fellow-
passenger, and she also tried to conceal her
identity—She chats about the coming wedding.

A gentleman with a shaven face, very pale, with
keen blue eyes and a nervous manner, sat in one of
the forward state-rooms of the Aurania yesterday
morning talking in a quick, energetic way to another
gentleman sitting near him. A week ago the pale-
faced gentleman had registered as ‘‘ Mr. W. Maycock
and man-servant.”’ As soon as the ship cleared
Liverpool, however, he had this changed to “ Right
Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.””» He comes over
to marry the daughter of Secretary Endicott. A
slick-looking man was Joseph, with a rich dressing-
gown, trimmed in fur, wrapped about him, and an
officer’s hat set jauntily on the side of his head.

“There is no journal I would like to talk to more
than The World,” said he, as he glanced up from a
letter he was reading ; ‘‘ but you know I am here on
purely private business,” and his face relaxed and
he smiled joyously. ‘‘ I suppose my mission has
been cabled over, and I feel assured that under

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 243

the circumstances my desire for privacy will be
respected.”

*“* What do you think of Lord Sackville ? ”

“I think that if there is any moral to be drawn it
would not be to encourage me to talk freely,” and
again Mr. Chamberlain smiled.

““ And the Parnell trial ? ”

“ Really, I can tell you nothing new. You have
later news here than I could give you. Personally
I do not desire to express any opinion on the subject.
The World brings me the first news of your
recent election,’ he continued. “It must have
been very exciting.”

“And how will it affect the fishery question ? ”
was asked with the most persuasive suggestiveness.

Mr. Chamberlain stared straight out to sea with a
far-away look in his eye, and then, as if he had settled
the question with himself that there would be
nothing gained by publicity, he smilingly declined
to say anything. He would not even say how long
he would remain in the United States.

“TI am going straight on to Washington,” said he,
“and expect at no time to see very much of New
York. My plans for the future are not yet fully
formed.”

As the big steamer came slowly up the North
River Mr. Chamberlain held a hurried consultation
with the captain, and as Pier 39 was passed, a ladder
was let down from the deck and Mr. Chamberlain
prepared to descend it. Everybody crowded around
to see him go down. He was carefully dressed,
and his clothes were cut in the latest English style.

244 WITH MR CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

He wore a heavy cloth overcoat and loosely fitting
trousers of a dark, subdued check pattern, a silk hat,
terra cotta gloves, darker than those worn here, a
red tie confined by a gold band, and aneyeglass. He
carried a heavy English walking-stick in his hand.
His leaving the vessel by the ladder was a dangerous
attempt, as the Aurania was moving, and as the
steps kept swaying backward and forward, threaten-
ing to throw the athletic lover into the river, or to be
ground between the pier and the steamship. He
managed to get down safely, and the crowd gave him
a hearty cheer. He lifted his hat, waved a farewell,
and tripped away with a step as brisk and light as
though twenty years had been deducted from his age.

The Custom-House officials granted him every
courtesy to facilitate his departure, and he rushed
for the ten o’clock train for Washington, which he
missed by a few minutes. He then went to the
Brevoort House and caught a later train in the
afternoon.

The passengers say he was very pleasant and
chatty, and appeared impatient to join his bride
that is to be. There was no one to meet him.

The last time Mr. Chamberlain was here he was
constantly attended by a detective, whose duty it
was to keep English-hating Irish-Americans from
murder. No detectives were apparent this time.

The wedding will be very quiet, and only a few
will be invited to witness the ceremony. No formal
invitations will be issued, and only a few relatives
from Boston and the President and Mrs. Cleveland,
the members of the Cabinet and their wives, and a

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 245

few high officials will be present. Miss Endicott
will wear a travelling gown. It is to be a house
wedding. It is barely possible that Mr. Chamber-
lain and his charming bride may remain in the
United States a short time, paying a series of
family visits, and arrive in England shortly before
Christmas.

The Hon. Joseph Chamberlain was not the only
person on the Aurania who came over with a desire
to conceal their identity. Mrs. Paran Stevens
registered simply as Mrs. Stevens.

“IT thought I could avoid identification in that
way, she said, with a laugh. “The New York
papers have been publishing severe things about
me—cruel, malicious things. It was dreadful.
Why, in Paris the police and the people sympathised
with me in my trouble and did all they could for me,
and my own papers assailed me.”

Mrs. Stevens was gently led away from the con-
templation of her troubles by inquiry touching the
coming Chamberlain-Endicott wedding.

““No one in England or Paris seems to know
anything about it. Society is in a great state of
curiosity for particulars. You know Mr. Chamber-
lain, who, by the way, is a good friend of mine, has
kept everything extremely quiet. I know Miss
Endicott quite well. She is a charming lady,
refined and brilliant, and I prophesy for her a great
social career, if she cares for it. There is a mania
among Englishmen of wealth and title for marrying
American girls now, you know. From what I have
seen abroad these matches seem to be happy ones.

246 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

But about the election, wasn’t it a great sur-
prise? And poor Mr. Hewitt,” and both of Mrs.
Stevens’s hands went up and her eyebrows were
raised pathetically. ‘‘Of course he did not wish
to be elected. Poor fellow! Now don’t go off
and say I am trying to seek notoriety. I don’t
want to be interviewed, and I positively decline to
say anything about my diamonds.”

Nor was the chaff about Mr. Chamberlain travel-
ling in my name confined to the American papers,
as will be seen from the following extract from
Funny Folks of November 24, 1888, a journal long
since defunct :

HAILING THE BRIDEGROOM
A PRIVATE CABLEGRAM FROM OUR OWN ANANIAS

“Mr. Willoughby Joecock?”’ I inquired face-
tiously, as I boarded the cars on a down-Eastern
(U.S.A.) railroad one day this week, and found my-
self face to face with the conquering Chamberlain
and his fair Yankee.

‘‘ Maycock, if you please,” replied the statesman.
“When I travel, I use that incog-nomen—if you
will allow me the little quip—to avoid a bother with
the silly persons who are always running after a
celebrity like myself, don’t you know.”

“Just so,” I smiled. “‘ But allow me to con-
gratulate you on your marriage.”

Mrs. Chamberlain had turned her head away,

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 247

and was not paying any attention to our conversa-
tion.

“Thank you,” said Joseph. “She is a dear
creature—and then her family is so tip-top, you see.
Old Knickerbocker stock, sir! Ancestors came
over to America in the Plymouth Rock, and landed
at Mayflower, I understand.”

“And how did you leave her Pilgrim Father ? ”
I inquired.

“Endicott! Oh, he was in capital health and
spirits, having just married his daughter to me,”
crowed Mr. Chamberlain. “I’ve invited him to
come along with us to Europe, and be introduced
to a Duchess or two ; but his wife thinks it might
corrupt his Democratic morals, so he probably
won't.”

I considered for a moment, and then said :

“You are as firm as ever on the Union, I pre-
sume?”

“ Firmer, if anything,” said Mr. C. ‘“ Look at
our Union, for example. Do Mary and I desire
Separation, and would it be good for us if we did ?
No, sir!”

“ But it is not a question of Separation,” I re-

marked. ‘It is one of Home Rule. Surely, Mrs.
Chamberlain is a little bit of a Home Ruler in her
way?”

Joseph flushed like a peony—like an M.P.-ony,
in fact.

“Pooh, sir!” he said. ‘“‘ Nothing of the sort.
She knows my political principles too well to dream
of such a thing.”’

248 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Here Mrs. Chamberlain struck in.

“T guess I’d have you a-light and pro-cure me
about five cents worth of chewing-gum, my dear,”
drawled she.

“But if the train should go on without me, love ? ”
quoth Joseph, who evidently thought it beneath his
dignity to run on small errands for anybody.

“The cars wait at this de-pot for ten minutes, I
reckon,” cooed the lady, dreamily, “‘ and I’m sorter
sot on gum, I am.”

There was that in her tones which caused her lord
to depart on his mission with alacrity. Bowing to
the bride, I followed him.

“‘T fancy you’re mistaken in your idea that Mrs.
Chamberlain is not a Home Ruler,” I observed with
subtle irony.

“Eh, sir—how’s that?” queried Joseph, un-
easily.

“ Wait till she gets you to Highbury, and you'll see,”
I replied, in meaning accents.

And then, Mr. Editor, I mingled with the gadding
crowd, and Joseph walked pensively off in search of
that chewing-gum. Mary will avenge the Liberal
Party yet, sir, take my word for it.

Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain were married at
Washington on November 15, 1888, and on their
return to Birmingham in the following January,
Bergne and I paid our second visit to Highbury to
attend the festivities which Birmingham accorded

THE ENTRANCE-HALL
HIGHBURY

THE DRAWING-ROOM
HIGHBURY

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 249

to the right honourable gentleman and his bride, the
following report of which is taken from the Birming-
ham Daily Post of January 9, 1889 :

THE WELCOME TO MR. AND
MRS. CHAMBERLAIN

PRESENTATION OF ADDRESSES AND GIFTS AT THE
TOWN HALL

Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain’s public welcome
home was given to them last evening, and given in
a fashion which left nothing unexpressed of what it
was in people’s hearts to say, and assured the lady
of Highbury of a full share of that cordial affection
which is entertained by all classes of the citizens of
Birmingham for her distinguished husband. The
greeting was paid in the Town Hall, where Mr.
Chamberlain has secured some of his most famous
political triumphs, and where, as the event showed,
he was destined to enjoy a social triumph not less
flattering or memorable than they. The assembly
which came together within its walls was richly
representative of the talent, the fashion, and the
wealth of our city ; and the occasion of the gathering
was so potently gracious as to heal the hearts of
many persons of those political sores which it is the
weakness of poor human nature to foster and dis-
play. Not only all classes, but all parties, were
there, and in the mouths of all there were the
kindliest words. As for the Town Hall itself—so

250 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

gaunt and cold at other times—it presented un-
questionably the most brilliant spectacle it has ever
had occasion to afford. Apart from that greatest of
embellishments which a great building receives
from an animated and fashionable throng, its every-
day aspect was so skilfully and lavishly disguised by
adornments of another kind that it looked veritably
beautiful. We ought at once to say that the super-
vision of this matter of decoration had been in the
hands of Mr. C. E. Mathews, who commanded the
resources of Messrs. Marris & Norton, of Birming-
ham, and of Messrs. Hewitt & Co., of Solihull.
The floor of the hall had the semblance of a great
drawing-room. Its walls were brightened with
mirrors and sideboards, and draped with a blue
fabric and Oriental curtains ; and it was furnished
not only, as is customary on such occasions, beneath
the great gallery, but over the whole floor-space,
large and numerous rugs softening the footfall.
Beneath the orchestra there was a continuous line of
mirrors, so placed as to give to the reflection an
effect almost kaleidoscopic, but prevented from
bewildering the glance, because they were recessed
between ivied pillars of virgin cork, graced by a
growth of some of the more freely-spreading orchids.
In the corners below and above, and across the
whole front of the orchestra, so closely placed as to
conceal from sight the formal woodwork, there was
a charming arrangement of palms and poinsettias, of
the pretty hanging grass isolepsis, and of cyclamens,
marguerites, euphorbias, lilies of the valley, and
ericas. Some choice orchids set off the narrow

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 251

ledge which runs along the top of the orchestra
entablature. The lighting of the hall was distin-
guished by a somewhat extensive employment of
incandescent lamps, which served to secure—what
is rare at such gatherings—a brilliant illumination
beneath the galleries. The most pleasing decorative
morsel, however, was concealed from the public
view, and was in the nature of a small retiring-room
for Mr. Chamberlain’s party at the entrance. The
company began to assemble at half-past seven
o’clock, although the principal guests were not to
arrive until a quarter to nine. But at eight o’clock
a concert programme began to be rehearsed, which
was just short enough and choice enough to make
one wish that it might have been prolonged. The
vocalists were Miss Edwardes, Mr. Alfred Jordan,
and Mr. W. Lee Mathews ; and Mr. C. W. Perkins
contributed two organ solos.

When Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain arrived they
were received in the porch by Alderman Johnson,
Mr. C. E. Mathews, and the chairmen of the various
presentation committees. Accompanied by Messrs.
Austen and Neville Chamberlain, by Miss Chamber-
lain and the Misses Ada, Hilda, and Ethel Chamber-
lain, by Lady Mandeville, and by Mr. and Mrs.
Edwardes (visitors from America), they advanced
without delay into the hall. A little bustle near the
doors and a burst of music from the organ, pealing
forth “‘ Hail, Columbia!” apprised the assembly
of their arrival, and people rose to their feet and
cheered. The cheer, it is true, was briefer than it
would have been save for one circumstance. It is

252 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

difficult to cry “‘ Hurrah!” and impossible to clap
one’s hands when busily engaged in adjusting a
lorgnette—and that was almost instantly the occupa-
tion of the fairer section of the audience. Mrs.
Chamberlain was apparently armed against this
universal scrutiny by her own sense of admiration
for the bright scene before her. That, and the
unmistakable cordiality of the applause, combined
to heighten the fresh colour of her cheeks, and to
bring to her face a singularly pleasing smile. She
was dressed with much simplicity and taste in a robe
of pale-pink corded silk, with a plain body and
festooned skirt. The dress was set off with a bow
of satin ribbon of the same colour, worn on the
right shoulder ; and for ornaments she wore upon
a close coiffure a crescent of sapphires and diamonds,
upon the left breast a diamond star, and round the
neck a string of diamonds. The party, of which
she was chiefly the centre of interest, advanced up
the hall through a lane of gazers, and stood for a few
moments facing the assembly beneath the orchestra.
The pause gave opportunity for an interesting little
ceremony, the presentation by a young lady, the
daughter of Dr. Hallwright, of a very pretty bouquet
to Mrs. Chamberlain. The cheering broke out
afresh, and with affirmed emphasis, when they
moved towards the committee-room for the purpose
of ascending to their places. Upon the orchestra
Lady Mandeville sat next to Mrs. Chamberlain on
Mr. Chamberlain’s right, and beyond her ladyship
came Miss Chamberlain and the Misses Chamber-
lain. Upon the left were Mrs. Stringer, Alderman

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 253

Johnson, Mr. C. E. Mathews, and other gentlemen
connected officially with the various presentations.
After another cheer the audience settled com-
fortably down to feast its eyes and ears. The making
of speeches continued for about three-quarters of an
hour, and was uniformly felicitous and acceptable.
Afterwards, for three-quarters of an hour, Mr. and
Mrs. Chamberlain moved about among the com-
pany on the floor, the one greeting old friends and
the other making new ones.

Mr. C. E. Mathews made the first presentation—
that of an illuminated address to Mr. Chamberlain
and a necklet of rich Oriental pearls to Mrs. Cham-
berlain, on behalf of the citizens of Birmingham.
He said: Ladies and gentlemen,—It falls to my
lot to present to Mr. Chamberlain an address from
many hundreds of his fellow-citizens—(cheers)—
and signed on their behalf by Mr. Alderman Johnson,
chairman of the Executive Committee; by Mr.
Baily and Mr. Barton, the hon. secretaries; by
myself, as chairman of the Address and Presentation
Sub-committee ; by Mr. David Davis, hon. secretary
of that sub-committee; by Mr. G. H. Cartland,
treasurer and chairman of the Finance Sub-com-
mittee ; and by Mr. Charles Harding, hon. secretary
of that committee. (Cheers.) “To the Right
Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P. Sir,—A large number
of your fellow-citizens and well-wishers desire to
offer you a hearty and affectionate welcome on your
return from your second visit to the United States.
On your first visit you were charged by the British
Government, but with the ready assent of men of

254 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

all political parties, with the conduct of a difficult
and delicate negotiation. It is owing to no fault of
yours that the agreement unanimously arrived at
by the chosen representatives of all Governments
interested in that question has for the present not
been ratified by the American Senate. It is enough
for us to know that you have displayed in that
negotiation your well-known qualities of sagacity,
prudence, and good sense, and that you won golden
opinions from all sorts of people. (Cheers.) Your
second visit was of a purely domestic character—
(loud cheering)—on the result of which we offer
you our warmest and most sincere congratulations.
(Renewed cheering.) The lady of your choice,
sir, would always be welcomed in Birmingham—
(cheers)—but her welcome is the greater because
she comes from amongst our own kinsfolk across the
sea to reside in a city which has always taken special
interest in the prosperity and welfare of America
and her people. (Cheers.) We ask leave to offer
to Mrs. Chamberlain a case of jewels ; but as “ to
loyal hearts, the value of all gifts must vary as the
givers,” we ask her acceptance of them as some
token of the cordiality of our welcome, and of the
depth of our regard. (Hear, hear.) Sir, in your
case, the future counts for at least as much as the
past. We earnestly hope that, whatever dignities
may be in store for you, you may always be able to
promote the material prosperity and the corporate
usefulness to the city which you have so faithfully
served—(cheers)—and that for many years to come
you may enjoy to the full that domestic tranquillity

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 255

and personal happiness without which all honours
that can be conferred, either by State or city,
must lose half their interest and all their charm.
(Cheers.) Ladies and gentlemen, this really ought to
have been presented by my friend and your friend,
Mr. Alderman Johnson, the chairman of the Ex-
ecutive Committee, but it is at his suggestion and
by his desire that I now endeavour to express your
sentiments towards the distinguished guests who
honour us with their company on this occasion.
Your name, Mr. Chamberlain, is a household word
amongst us—(hear, hear)—and after two visits to
the United States you come back again to the city
of your adoption “to dwell amongst your own
people.” (Cheers.) On the occasion of your first
visit to the States you went as representative of this
country to conduct what is rightly called in the
address a difficult and delicate negotiation. It is
not in mortals, sir, to command success, but you at
least have done your best to deserve it—(hear, hear)
—and you have amply justified the confidence
reposed in you both by the English Government
and the English people. (Cheers.) Your second
visit, sir, was, as the address says, purely of a
domestic character, but not less interesting to us
in Birmingham on that account. (Cheers.) That
also, if I may venture to say so, was the outcome of
a fishing expedition—(a laugh, followed by loud
cheering)—entered into, I will not say with a more
definite purpose, though it certainly has received
a more immediate reward. (Cheers.) On your
return, sir, it seemed to us that we should be hiding

256 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

our own feelings if we did not offer to you and to
Mrs. Chamberlain some sort of public welcome, if
we did not assure you as a statesman of our un-
shaken confidence—(hear, hear)—and as a citizen of
our private esteem. (Cheers.) This meeting, Mr.
Chamberlain, interesting as it is, has no political
significance. (Hear, hear.) If some of those who
in past years have worked with you in political or in
municipal matters are not here to-night to join in
our welcome, their absence is not owing to any fault
of ours. (Hear, hear.) We welcome the states-
man who by his power and ability has won for him-
self with unusual rapidity so conspicuous a place in
the front rank, and who has shown by the constant
and faithful discharge of his public duties that he has
no private interests to accomplish or personal ends
to serve. (Cheers.) Your political views, sir, for
the purposes of this meeting, may be right or they
may be wrong. It is enough for us to say, in the
words of that veteran statesman, whose sick-bed we
have watched with such a personal grief—(hear, hear)
—and whose recovery we have hailed with such a
personal joy—(cheers)—that the man who is faithful
to the dictates of his own honest convictions, can
never be unfaithful either to his constituents or to
his country. (Cheers.) In these days, sir, political
changes are as sudden as they are unaccountable.
(Laughter.) Political memories are short, and the
friend of yesterday is but too often the opponent of
to-day, and who shall venture to predict what may
happen to-morrow? If, in the immediate future,
you should find any defections in the ranks of those

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 257

on whom you once relied, then, sir, rely on the
closer confidence and the warmer sympathy of those
who are still true to you. (Cheers.) We welcome
you, sir, as one of the most prominent and the most
patriotic of our local public men. (Hear, hear.)
We have not forgotten the services you have ren-
dered to the cause of education, or that you were
three times Mayor of Birmingham—(cheers)—or
that you recreated, as it were, our great municipality
—(cheers)—and that you taught us that the fore-
most and best amongst us may find in the faithful
discharge of municipal duty an ample field for
an honourable ambition. (Cheers.) Above all, sir,
we welcome the man who for many years has so
closely identified himself with the public and the
private life of Birmingham, who has served in his
own person every honourable office, and has en-
deared himself to thousands of our people by
numberless instances of thoughtfulness, generosity,
and goodwill. (Cheers.) And now, what shall I
say of the charming and winsome lady—(loud
cheers)—whom you, sir, have induced to leave her
home on the other side of the water, and to take up
her residence amongst us. At least, madam, you
have not come amongst strangers—(hear, hear)—for
English and Americans can never be strangers to
each other. (Loud cheers.) It is true that you
have left a brighter and a sunnier country than ours,
but you have come to a people who—at any rate
when you are present—will always carry plenty of
sunshine in their hearts. (Cheers.) In what words

shall I give you the hearty greeting of this teeming
R

258 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

and industrious population ? I know of no sweeter
words than those which Shakespeare puts into the
mouth of Lorenzo when he greets Portia on her
return to Belmont—words so simple that every
child can appreciate them, and so comprehensive
that they need no addition :

“Dear lady, Welcome home.”

(Loud cheering.) I ask you, madam, to accept from
us our little marriage gift. Would that it were
better than it is! But put into the scale the good
wishes that accompany it and it cannot be alto-
gether without its value. (Cheers.) That your
life, madam, may be as bright as those gems, and
that you may have a happy new year for every pearl
upon that string—(hear, hear)—is the hearty aspira-
tion of all those whom I am privileged to represent
to-day, who desire to express to your husband their
thanks for the past and their hopes for the future,
and to you their affectionate welcome and their
cordial regard. (Loud cheers.) Mr. Mathews
then presented to Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain the
gifts of the citizens.

Mrs. E. H. Stringer then read the following
address to Mrs. Chamberlain, and presented the
diamond star: ‘‘ Madam,—We, the Members of
the Women’s Liberal Unionist Association of
Birmingham, together with some Conservative
Unionists who desire to be associated with us on
this occasion, offer you a hearty welcome and most
friendly greeting. You do not come among us as
a stranger, for it is our privilege to claim kinship

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 259

with you on the ground of a common ancestry. We
rejoice in the opportunity of doing united honour
to Mr. Chamberlain and yourself. We record with
deep gratitude our conviction that he has been a
power for good throughout the land ; that his voice
has been heard by listening thousands in support
of those principles to which, not England alone,
but every civilised country, owes its greatness. In
coming amongst us it is your happy lot to be dowered
with that wealth of interest, sympathy, and kindly
affection which Mr. Chamberlain’s fellow-towns-
men offer as a marriage portion to his bride. We
pray that for many years to come his life of patriotic
service may be continued, and that the fullest
measure of human happiness may be granted to you
both. We request your acceptance of the gift we
offer, believing that it will have for you a value
beyond that which attaches to its intrinsic worth,
from its being an expression on our part of warm-
hearted welcome to your new home in the old
country.” (Cheers.)

Mr. E. J. Smith said it was his pleasing duty to
inform Mr. Chamberlain that, though his con-
stituents cordially approved of the general resolution
of their fellow-citizens, they did not want to lose
their individuality in such common action. Con-
scious of the honour their representative conferred
upon them, they wanted their confidence in and
admiration and affection for him to be adequately
expressed. (Cheers.) Mr. Smith then formally
introduced Mr. W. Tonks and Councillor Jacobs,
and the former gentleman read the address from

260 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

the constituency, which was as follows: ‘ From
the citizens of the West Division of Birmingham to
the Right Hon. Joseph and Mrs. Chamberlain on
the occasion of their marriage.—It is with the liveliest
satisfaction that we, the electors of the West Division
of the City of Birmingham, offer you our sincere
congratulations upon the happy event of your
marriage. We ask you, madam, to accept our
respectful and hearty welcome. You come to our
island home representing a noble family of long
descent in a great country connected with us by
the nearest ties of race, and joining with our own
in its aspirations for the highest civilisation. We
welcome you as the wife of our member, whom we
have long recognised as one of England’s foremost
statesmen, and who possesses to the full our esteem
and confidence. We pray that every happiness
which heaven can bestow may be yours in the new
sphere upon which you have entered. May we ask
the acceptance of the suite of gold jewellery herewith,
as a slight tangible expression of our earnest and
united feelings? To you, sir, we repeat with
special emphasis the sentiments it has been our
pleasure and privilege to express on other occasions.
We cannot forget that it was in our midst that your
public life began. As legislator, statesman, and
orator, you enlist our highest sympathies ; as our
representative in Parliament you possess our entire
confidence ; and as one who has lived and worked
so long and so worthily amongst us, we offer you our
sincere and heartfelt admiration. We pray that
God may bless your union, and that an illustrious

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 261

life may be brightened by unclouded domestic
happiness, and by the loving regard of a great
people.’—Mr. E. J. Smith, in handing to Mrs.
Chamberlain the gift of jewellery from electors, said
that jewels of far more intrinsic value had been
presented that evening, but a special claim was made
for those from West Birmingham that placed them
in a unique position. They were the handiwork
of Mr. Chamberlain’s own constituents, and be-
longed to a class of jewellery which deserved more
recognition than had been given it. (Laughter.)
To Mrs. Chamberlain, he thought, their value
would be higher from the fact that they were the
work of willing hands and earnest hearts. In every
thread of that beautiful and delicate work there had
been woven a kindly wish and fervent hope for the
happiness of Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain. (Cheers.)

Mr. Chamberlain was received with loud cheering
on rising to acknowledge the presentations. He
said: Ladies and gentlemen,—You will readily
believe that I do not find it easy to express the
feelings which have been raised by the addresses
that have just been read, and by the cordial welcome
which you have given to my wife, and the proofs
of continuous kindness which you have shown to
myself. I have been accustomed to rely upon this
kindness in all the relations of my life, and it is quite
true that I felt no little confidence that you would
extend to Mrs. Chamberlain the regard you have
always shown to me. (Cheers.) But you have sur-
passed my hope and expectations in the warmth of
your greeting, and in the determination that you

262 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

have shown not to treat as a stranger the kinswoman
who comes to you from across the sea, and returns
to the country which her ancestors left behind them
more than 250 years ago. (Cheers.) She will tell
you that we have often talked of Birmingham, and
that I have dwelt upon the peculiar closeness of the
ties which bind me to this great constituency—
(hear, hear)—and now she bids me say to you that
she shares all the interest that I have ever felt in its
institutions and in its people, in the public and
private life of the city in which she has elected
to dwell. (Cheers.) She accepts with the greatest
pleasure the tokens of your friendship and regard.
She will cherish them amongst her choicest pos-
sessions, as evidence at once of the sincerity with
which you have welcomed her as a member of this
great community, and additional evidence of the
generous consideration that you have always shown
to her husband. I have tried to persuade her—I
am not certain that I have even yet succeeded—
(laughter)—that by her marriage she has renounced
the protection of the flag under which she was born
—(laughter)—and has become a British subject.
(Hear, hear.) But, ladies and gentlemen, although
I neither hope nor expect to essen her love for the
country she has left—(hear, hear)—I know that she
is prepared to take up her life amongst us, in the
country to which she has come, in all its fullness, and
that she will say with Ruth of old, “ Thy people
shall be my people.” (Loud cheers.) I noticed
two leading ideas in the addresses which have been
presented, and in the graceful speeches which

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 263

accompanied them; and upon these I would say
one or two words. They emphasize, in the first
place, what I have called the exceptional relations
which have always subsisted between Birmingham
and myself. I have lived amongst you pretty nearly
all my life. All my active work has been done in
your midst and inspired by your spirit, and that is
in itself a little unusual in our political history. In
America, I believe, it is almost unheard of that any
man should sit either for the House of Represen-
tatives or the Senate except as representing the
district in which he resides. But here the contrary
rule has almost prevailed, and it is very rare indeed
to find a prominent politician who has had any
lengthened personal connection with the district
which he represents. (Hear, hear.) I do not know
what may be the reason for this difference, but I can
only say for myself that in my own case all the
pleasure I have ever felt in the political strife, all
the strength that has been given me to pursue it,
have been increased by the sense, which has never
failed me, that I have always had behind me the
support, and the encouragement, and the sympathy
of my own people—(loud cheers)—of the people
who know me best, who have made me what I am,
and whose support has never failed me in every
time of difficulty, and which has laid me under a
weight of obligation which I am only too ready to
acknowledge, and which I can never adequately
repay. (Cheers.) No, ladies and gentlemen, ours
is not a mere political connection. If need were to
prove it, I should find it in your statement, Mr.

264 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

Mathews, that to-night members of all political
parties are represented. (Cheers.) I say that ours
is a relationship which, I think, I may venture to
call a personal friendship—(hear, hear)—and it has
been cemented by many years of mutual knowledge
and mutual trust and confidence. When I have
been travelling out of this country I have had re-
peated proofs of the existence of this feeling in the
friendly greetings of Birmingham men who have
seized the opportunity—they being for the time
voluntarily expatriated—to recall their associations
with the old town and with myself; and when
the other day my engagement was announced I had
numerous expressions of the same sentiments from
all sorts and conditions of men and from many
distant places. And now I cannot refrain from
mentioning that within the last day or two I have
been touched and gratified by a note which I re-
ceived from a Birmingham man in the wilds of
Canada, in a place which only a few years ago was
a mere outpost of civilisation among the Indians,
who sends me his congratulations and good wishes
and a little token of his regard and his gratitude in
the shape of a sample of his skill. (Cheers.) Ladies
and gentlemen, I am prouder of it, of having excited
this feeling amongst my fellow-townsmen, than I
am of anything else in my public life ; and if I have
ever been prompted to do any service to Birming-
ham, if any opportunity should hereafter arise, I
say it has been more than repaid by the generous
recognition I have already received. I know that
I do not stand alone in my devotion to our city.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 265

No Birmingham man who has been permitted to
take a part in its active busy life, who has assisted
in any degree in its amazing development, but feels
that gratitude to the mother city which is the foun-
dation of local patriotism, which distinguishes
Birmingham, I think, above all great cities of the
Empire, which has been the secret of our past
success, and which is the earnest of our future
progress—(cheers)—and sure as I am that you
share this feeling with me, I join with you in the
hope that we may be permitted to co-operate,
without regard to differences on other points, in the
endeavour to secure the prosperity of our town and
the welfare and the happiness of the vast population
which finds a home within it. (Hear, hear.) The
other idea which runs through the addresses which
have been read is the sense of kinship with the nation
across the Atlantic from which my wife has come.
That is not at all a new feeling in Birmingham,
which has always been sympathetic with the people
of the United States, and never more so than in the
time of their greatest trial in the great crisis of the
union, when the eloquent voice of our senior member
—(cheers)—now, unfortunately, hushed for a time
by illness, was raised again and again in this very hall
to defend the integrity of the Republic against those
who sought or who desired its destruction; and
that feeling of nearness has grown, and has been
constantly maintained in Birmingham, while at the
same time it has developed and extended to the rest
of the United Kingdom, until at last I believe there
is now one sentiment of universal goodwill and of

266 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

pride in the extraordinary achievements of a kindred
race, and of their advance in all that constitutes the
true greatness of a nation. How could it be other-
wise in the case of a country which claims a common
ancestry with ourselves, and whose laws and history,
whose speech and literature, whose religion and
social customs, constantly recall the common origin
of ties of blood which bind us together? I believe
that now there is not only no class in this country,
but there are no individuals of the slightest promi-
nence or importance, who would not feel that a
serious quarrel with the United States would be the
greatest national calamity. (Cheers.) Differences
there must be from time to time between two nations
whose enterprise and genius lead them into natural
competition, and whose interests touch at every
point ; but I am convinced that it is the firm de-
termination of the democracies of both countries
that these differences shall be amicably arranged by
their respective Governments, and that they shall
not endanger the good relations which ought to
subsist between all the branches of the Anglo-Saxon
race. (Cheers.) I was animated by this feeling
when I accepted—rather more than a year ago—
the honourable mission with which I was charged
by her Majesty. I venture to claim I entered fully
into the spirit of that mission, both in my public
and in my private capacity, and I have done all
that in me lies to promote union—(laughter)—and
a good understanding between the two countries.
(Laughter and cheers.) I was fortunate enough on
that occasion to make two treaties. (Laughter.)

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 267

Like some greater men, my predecessors in diplo-
macy, I had my secret compact as well as the public
document with which you are all familiar—
(laughter)—and I am glad to say that even that
august body the Senate of the United States had
nothing to say to my private negotiations—(cheers)
—which you have ratified to-night by your presents
and by these proceedings. Ladies and gentlemen,
once more I tender you, on my wife’s behalf and
on my own, our heartfelt thanks. I beg you, Mr.
Mathews, to believe that the beauty and the value of
the gift which you have presented are enhanced to
us by the assurance which you have given me that
my wife will find a home amongst the people of
Birmingham, whose affection and regard she
earnestly desires to obtain. (Cheers.) She thanks
you, Mrs. Stringer, and the women of Birmingham,
who joined with you in your good wishes and
kindly expressions of welcome. She thanks you for
your gift, and for all the kindness which accom-
panies it. And she is confirmed in her desire to
stand well with the people of Birmingham by the
promise which you have made her that in future
the affectionate regard which has been always
shown to her husband will be now shared by herself.
(Loud cheers.) And to you, Mr. Smith, and
gentlemen, who especially represent my own con-
stituents in the Western Division, who represent
the constituency which first called me into public
life, which has followed me since with unswerving
loyalty and kindness, and which now I have the
privilege of representing in Parliament, I desire to

268 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN IN THE

say that I thank you and them for the confidence
you have placed in me, and that I am proud of the
honour of serving you. (Cheers.) We thank you
for the gift which, as you have said, will be the more
highly valued by us, because it is the handiwork of
those who are in a peculiar sense connected with
me, because it has been produced in my own con-
stituency. (Cheers.) And, in looking at the work
itself, I am glad to think that our famous industry
has not declined, and that our craftsmen still retain
their ancient skill. (Cheers.) To one and all our
thanks are due—for the gifts themselves, for the
kind thoughts which have prompted them, for the
hearty welcome which is behind them. And I can
assure you that, with the deepest feeling, we recipro-
cate the good and kindly wishes and the earnest
hopes with which you have accompanied them.
(Loud cheers.)

Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain then returned to the
floor of the hall, the latter being conducted among
the visitors by Mr. C. E. Mathews, a large number
of whom were introduced to her. The company
shortly afterwards broke up.

In December 1896, I drew Mr. Chamberlain’s
attention to a paragraph in a San Francisco
paper respecting the exorbitant price he was
alleged to have paid for an orchid. I think his
reply, which is as follows, may be read with some
interest.

UNITED STATES AND CANADA 269

December 9, 1896.
Dear Maycocxk,—The American press con-
tinues to be very imaginative. I have the orchid
for which the Frisco paper says I paid $50,000 ;
but it really cost me 5s.!!! Yours very truly,
J. CHAMBERLAIN.

As Huntley Wright used to say, the Frisco editor
was “‘ very careless with his ‘ oughts.’”

One word in conclusion. It would ill become
me to embark on any eulogy of my former Chief.
I may safely leave that to other pens than mine, and
to the historian of the future, to whom the contents
of this volume may possibly prove of some little
service. But I was struck with the remarkable
appropriateness of a tribute paid to him by Lord
Robert Cecil in a speech he made at Frome on
January 13 last, on the occasion of Mr. Chamberlain’s
retirement from his political career, and I can think
of no fitter conclusion to the chapter in his life
which I have, however inadequately, endeavoured
to record, than by quoting Lord Robert’s own
felicitous words :

“That very old and trusted leader of our party
has thought it necessary to announce his final
withdrawal from public life. It is the closing of a
great chapter in our history. It is not for me, it
would be a mere impertinence on my part, to

270 WITH MR. CHAMBERLAIN

attempt to praise so greata man. His praise will be
found written in the history of our country during the
last generation. He is, after all, the greatest of all
living men in the political world, and he is the greatest
not because of his marvellous gifts of oratory, his
extraordinary lucidity, and his compelling force, not
even because of his tenacity and courage, or even
because of that great quality and that rare quality,
the quality of leadership, the quality we denominate
personal magnetism.

‘“‘ All these things are very great things, and all
these things Mr. Chamberlain has got ; but to my
mind his greatest claim on our admiration is this,
that he was a great idealist, which is another name
for a great patriot. He put forward from time to
time views and opinions which he had formed as
necessary for the greatness of our country, and when
he had formed them he was ready to sacrifice not
only his personal career and his personal position—
for more than once he jeopardised those—but
everything else—his party, his personal ties, every-
thing, so long as he carried into effect that which he
really believed was for the good of his country.
That is a great quality. It argues a very remarkable
possession of the qualities of determination, of
courage, and of faith, and it argues the possession
of that quality, which, after all, distinguishes the
statesman from the mere politician. I believe that
Mr. Chamberlain had all these qualities, and at the
present crisis in the history of our country we can
ill spare so great a man.”

INDEX

ABRAHAMS, Mr. Lewis, 158
Adams, Mr. Charles F., 166
— Professor H. B., 85

Agnew, Dr. C. R., 171

Allison, Senator, 59, 64

Almy, Admiral, 52

Amory, Mrs., 133; her story of
the dancing master’s directions
as to ‘‘ balancing,” 133

“ Ancient Order of Hibernians,”

154

Anderson, Col. F., 171

Angell, Mr. J. B., 35, 38, 58, 63,
67, 71, 73

Anson, the Hon. H. J., 90

Arlington Heights, the, 75

Arlington Hotel, Washington, 32

Arthur, President, his picture on
menu card, 73

Asina Looking-Glass (play), 128

Atlantic, the, horrors of passages
across, 8, 13, 14, 15

Aurania s.s., 241

Aylesworth, Sir Allen, 220

BacHELors’ Ball, 128

Ball at British Legation, 124;
Bachelors’, 128; at the Whit-
neys, 134

Baltimore, visit to, 84; speech
by Mr. Chamberlain to students
of Johns Hopkins University,
85

Bancroft Davis, Judge, 59

Banjo songs, 145, 197

Bankes, Mrs., 99

Bayard, Mr. T. F., 35, 36; intro-
duction to, 47, 59, 63, 68, 73,
131, 133, 134, 169, 188, 200, 201

Bayard, Miss, 131

Beale, General, 52

Beauclerk, Mr. Nelthorpe, his
career in Diplomatic Service,
I1; meets us at Washington,

271

31; goes to Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde, 49, 52, 56, 66, 73; death
of his wife, 120; leaves for
England, 127

Beddall, Mr. E. F., 170

Bell, Dr. Graham, 134, 136

Bell, historical, at Independence
Hall, Philadelphia, 165

Bellew, Mr. Kyrle, 128, 140

Ben Hur, 89

Bergne, Sir Henry, appointment as
Secretary to British Commis-
sion, 4; his record of service
and death, 5, 6; not a good
sailor, 15; prompter at inter-
view, 43; protocolist to British
Plenipotentiaries at Confer-
ence, 49, 56, 66, 73, 134, 152,

159, 160, 170, 194, 198, 218,
221, 248
Berry, Mr., 52

Bigelow, Mr. John, 134

Birmingham: Mr. Chamberlain’s
departure from, 9; his wel-
come back to, 221; Mr. John
Bright’s last public speech at,
225; Mr. Chamberlain leaves
for Liverpool en route to New
York for his wedding, 241;
public welcome to Mr. Chamber-
lain and his bride, 249

Blaine, Mr., 14

Blatchford, Mr. Justice, 52

Bonaparte, Colonel, 52, 128, 145

Booker, Sir Wm. Lane, Consul-
General at New York, 18; his
Consulate-General, 25, 168, 170

Braddon, Miss M. E., 236

Bradley, Mr. Justice, 52

Breckenridge, Mr. W. C. P., 190

Brevoort House Hotel, New York,
18, 86, 168

Bright, the Rt. Hon. John, 221 ;
his last public speech, 225

272 INDEX

British Legation, reception at, 51 ;
ball at, 124
Bugher, Mr., 52
Butler, Mr. Sigourney, 59
— Senator, 52, 59
Butterworth, Mr., 43

CALL, Senator, 52
Cameron, Major-General D. R.,
33, 73
— Mrs. Donald, 57, 152
— Senator Donald, 57, 145
— Sir Roderick, 171
Canada, mission starts for, 86;
rumour of Mr. Chamberlain’s
appointment as Governor-Gen-
eral, 138
Canadian Club dinner at New
York postponed, 88; held at
Brunswick Hotel, 169
Canda, Mr. C. J., 170
Carlisle, Speaker, 67
Carroll, Mrs. and Miss, 131
Carter, Madame, 52
Cartwright, Sir R., 96
Chamberlain, Mr. Austen, 198, 251
— Mr. D.H., 170
— Mr. Neville, 251
— Mr. R.,9
— the Misses, 251, 252
— the Rt. Hon. Joseph: his
appointment, 1, 4; departure
from Birmingham and his fare-
well speech, 9; a good sailor,
15; bored by attentions in
smoking saloon, 16; inter-
viewed on reaching New York,
18; guest of New York Cham-
ber of Commerce, 28 ; remark-
able feat of memory qué a
quotation, 28; dislike to being
“ shadowed ”’ by detectives, 29 ;
interview with an Irishman
outside Delmonico’s, 30; do.
with pressmen at Washington,
39; goes to Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde, 49; Miss Tiffany says
“he’s just lovely,’”’ 50; first
introduction to Miss Endicott,
53; visits the Great Falls of
Potomac, 56; partakes of an
orchid dinner given by Messrs.
Angell and Putnam, 58; at the
conference, 62; dines with Col.

Jobn Hay to meet Senators,
63; entertained at banquet by
Mr. and Mrs. Whitney, 67;
gives banquet to his American
colleagues at the Arlington, 71 ;
visits George Washington’s
home at Mount Vernon, 75;
visits Baltimore, 84; interview
with pressmen at New York,
86; his rapidity in reading
books, 89; interview with
pressmen at Ottawa, 94; tries
his hand at curling with Lord
Lansdowne, 95; visits public
buildings in Toronto, 99; guest
of Toronto Board of Trade, and
imposing speech at banquet,
100-112; hailed by a Birming-
ham man at Toronto, ‘“‘ Same
old Joe,” 113; attired in tar-
paulin, goes under the Horse-
shoe Fall at Niagara, 114; his
coolness in a dangerous incident
at Niagara, 117; started life in
the shoe trade, 117; visit to
the Senate at Washington, 120 ;
Naas allegation of abuse of

enate floor, 121; attends ball
at Legation, 126; dines with
Mr. Bayard, 128; dines with
Col. John Hay, 128; attends
reception at the White House,
129; dines with the President,
134; gives second banquet at
the Arlington, 134; diagnosis
of his character by palmistry,
135; his luck at Monte Carlo,
136; speaks into a phonograph,
136; his rumoured appoint-
ment to be Governor-General
of Canada, 138; annoyed by
scurrilous and unfounded press
allusions to his attentions to
Miss Endicott, 139; rebuffs an
ill-timed speech by one of his
guests, 143 ; his views on result
of negotiations, 150, 161; his
participation in the gaieties of
the Washington season, 151;
his welcome at Philadelphia,
155; banquet by St. George’s
Society, and speech at Phila-
delphia, 156-163; recognises
“ Sons of St. George ’? whom he

INDEX

had instructed at Birmingham
as boys, 163; dines with Mr.
George W. Childs, 165; ban-
quet to, by Canadian Club,
New York, 169-190 ; his speech
at, 173; tells me of his engage-
ment to Miss Endicott, 192;
takes the chair at concert on
s.s. Umbria, 196; appreciates
the banjo, 197; we regretfully
take leave of him at Liverpool,
198; his despatch to Lord
Salisbury respecting proceed-
ings of mission, 215; his wel-
come on return to Birmingham,
221; accorded freedom of the
borough, 221; banquet to, at
Town Hall, 221; speech, 222 ;
leaves for New York by Au-
yvania, in my name, to be mar-
ried, 241; his marriage, 248;
public welcome at Birmingham
on return with his wife, 249;
his speech in acknowledging
presentations, 261; apprecia-
tion of his character and poli-
tical career by Lord Robert
Cecil, 269
Chapleau, the Hon. J. A., 91
Chaudiére Falls at Ottawa, 91
Chestnut Park, Toronto, 98
Chew, Mr. and Mrs. John, 52

Childs, Mr. George W.: his
“Museum’’ at Philadelphia,
163; memorial windows in

Westminster Abbey to Cowper
and Herbert erected by, 164;
provided fountain at Stratford-
on-Avon, 164; our dinner with
him and prominent people at,
165, 166

Chinaman and
story of, 147

Chipman, Mr., 33, 72

Christmas Day, 1887, 96

Clan na Gael, the, 30

Clay, Henry, picture on menu, 73

Cleveland, Mrs. Grover, 48, 131,
138

— President Grover, 47, 50, 131

Clipperton, Captain Charles, 31,
153, 164, 166

Clovelly, stay at, prior to depar-
ture, 8

electric tram,

273

“C.M.G.,”” how Lord Lansdowne
announced its bestowal on me,

gI

Collings, Mr. Jesse, 9, 198

Collyer, Rev. Robert, 170, 190

Commercial Union, United States
and Canada, 20, 43, 94, 96, 102-
112; Mr. Bright on, 228

Concerts on the voyages, 16, 196,
197

Conference, first meeting of, 49 ;
particulars of room in which it
was held, 62; adjourned for
Christmas, 74 ; resumes labours,
128; résumé of its work, 177-
187; nearly comes to a dead-
lock at one time, 199; results
of labours in detail, 199-220

Cook, Captain, of the Etruria,
stories of, 12, 13; Bergne and
I take leave of him, 26

— Mr. Joel, Times correspon-
dent, 149; his articles on ‘“‘A
Visit to the States,” 149, 159,
166

Cooley, Judge, 59

Cost of mission, 237

Courtney, Mr., 73

“Cumberland,” the, Lord Lans-
downe’s car, 97, 113, 118, 119

Cuming, Mr. James R., 170

Curling at Ottawa, 95, 96

Curzon of Kedleston, Lord, mar-
riage to Miss Leiter, 129

DACHSHUNDS, 27
Dale, Dr., 221
Davis, Judge John, 59, 128, 134,

145
— Mrs. John, 59, 128, 145, 152

Delmonico’s, meals at, 25, 26, 27

Depew, Mr. Chauncey M., 87

Detectives: Pinkerton’s men who
were attached to mission, 29 ;
none with Mr. Chamberlain on
his marriage journey, 244

Dickens, Charles: his vivid de-
scription of an Atlantic pas-
sage, 14

Dixon, Mr. George, 153

Dobson, Mr. Austin, 26

Dolph, Senator, 52

Dorothy (play), 127

Dougherty, Mr. Daniel, 166

Ss

274

Drexel, Mr. A. J.: visit to his
bank at Philadelphia, 164, 166

Driver, Mr. W. R., 170

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (play), 49

Dugdale, Mrs. Stratford, 52, 57

Dyas, Miss Ada, 66

Dyott, Mr. George, 168

Epison, Mr. Thomas Alva,
167, 168
Edmunds, Senator, 64
Edwardes, the Hon. Henry, 18;
Mr. Chamberlain dines with, at
Delmonico’s, 25, 49, 73, 86, 138,
145, 251
— the Hon. Mrs. H., 127, 192,
193, 251
Edye, Mr. H. O. W., 170
Endicott, Miss Mary E., 52; her
first introduction to Mr. Cham-
berlain, 53; her characteristics,
53, 54; her first visit to Eng-
land, 55,138; Mr. Chamberlain
tells me of his engagement to,
I92; reasons for its being tem-
porarily kept secret, 193
— Mrs., 53, 55
— Mr. W., 48, 138
— Mr. W.C., 52, 54; his death,
54; his visit to England with
his daughter, 55, 66, 67, 145
Etruria s.s., the, 12
Eustis, Mr. George, 52
Evarts, Senator, 64, 66, 147

FaIRcHILD, Mr., 67, 131, 171
Ferguson, Mr. Munro-, M.P., 52,

136,

5

Bereadeed, Sir James: my asso-
ciation with him, 6; his sup-
port of my appointment, 7, 238

Field, Mr. Dudley, 25

— Mr. Justice, 59, 134

Fishery Question: how it stood
in 1887, 1; interview with New
York reporters on, 22; no
likelihood of its leading to war,
45; résumé of result of con-
ference, 173, 175; texts of
instruments signed, 202, 212;
subsequent questions referred
to Hague Tribunal for arbitra-
ment, 220; finally settled by
treaty of 1912, 220; Mr. John
Bright on, 227; debate in

INDEX

Parliament = vote for cost of
mission, 23
Fitler, Mayor te Philadelphia, 156,
164, 166
Forbes, Mrs., 52
Foster, Mr. George E., 73, 170, 187
— Mr. John W., ex-Minister of
U.S. in Spain, 52
Franklin, Admiral, 52, 68
— Benjamin, 72
Funny Folks, facetious imaginary
interview with “Mr. Willoughby
Joecock,”’ 246

Ga tt, Mr. Justice, 99
— Sir Alexander, 99, 170

Gardner, Miss, 130

Garfield, President,
shot, 32

Gilder, Mr., editor of the Century
Magazine, 26

Gilman, President of Johns Hop-
kins University, 84

Gladstone, Mr.: Mr. Chamber-
lain’s relations with, 46, 88;
allusion to, by a senator, 143

Gleichen, Count, married to Miss
Edwardes, 127

Gould, Sir F. C., 50

Graham, Mr. Wallace, Q.C., 34

Grain, Corney: his songs, 17,

spot where

145

Grant, Miss Adéle, 59, 128, 132

— Mr. and Mrs., 145
— President Ulysses: his tomb

and memorable funeral, 27, 55 ;
his picture on menu, 72

Gray, Mr. Justice, 59

Grey, Sir Edward, 90

Guest, Mr. Arthur, 59, 128

Guiteau, assassin of President
Garfield : attempt by sentry on
his life, 32; the rope that
hanged him, 32

Guzman, Sefior, 52

Gwynn, Miss, 59; her diagnosis
of Mr. Chamberlain’s palms and
of mine, 135, 148

HALE, Senator, 59, 64

Hallen, Dr. T., 171

Hamilton, halt at, ex route to
Niagara; deputation from the
Mayor and Faculty of Univer-
sity, I13

INDEX

Hammersley, Mrs., marries late
Duke of Marlborough, 26

Harmony, Commodore, 59

Harrisburg, our car strikes a
bridge near, 118

Hawley, Senator, 64

Hay, Col. John, 52, 56; we dine
with him to meet party of
senators, 63; his Life of Lin-
coln, 64; his career and works,
64; his appointment as Am-
bassador to the English Court,
65; hisdeath, 66; his daughter
marries Mr. Whitney, 70; Mr.
Chamberlain dines with him,
128

Hay, Sir William Dalrymple, 8

“ Haycock,” Mr., 48, 138

Hayes, President, 65

Herbert, Sir Arthur, 153

Hewitt, Mayor of New York, 170,

Igo

Herschell, Lord, 55

Highbury, visits to, 221, 248

Hinde, Captain F. H., of Pinker-
ton’s Detective Agency, 29, 114,
117, 118

Hitt, Mr., 52, 68, 145

Hoar, Senator, 64

Hoare, Mr. W. R., 170

Hofman, Joseph, 148

‘“Honours”’ or ‘‘ cash’:
chose the latter, 195, 196

Hooker, Mrs.: she and I have a
thrilling experience at Romeo
and Juliet, 140

Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia,
160

Hunt, the Misses, 52, 68

why I

Icz PaLace at Montreal, 89
Ince, Mr. Wm., 100
Independence Hall, Philadelphia,

165

Ingalls, Mr., President of the
Senate, 120, 122, 123, 124

Trish Question, the: interview
with New York reporters on
arrival, 23; Mr. Chamberlain
asked not to forget “ ould Ire-
land,’ 30; Mr. Chamberlain’s
views on Home Rule, 46; the
Irish vote in connection with
Presidential election, 193

275

Irving, Sir Henry, Mr. Cham-
berlain and I call upon, 25,
164

Jacoss, Councillor, 259
Jenkins, Mr., 73
Jim the Penman (play), 66
Johnson, Alderman, 252, 253, 255
— Mr. Reverdy, 85
— Miss, 130
— Mr. George, 34, 73
Jordan, Mr. C. N., 170

KEARNEY, Mr. Dennis, 132
Kirkpatrick, the late Sir George,
99

LaBoucHERE, Mr. Henry: dinner
with, 236; his views on Em-
bassies and Special missions,
237; opposes vote for cost of
our mission, 237; his hostility
to Mr. Chamberlain, 240

Lamar, Mr., 28

Lamont, Mrs., 131

Lane, Mr. Jonathan A., 170

Lang, Mr. Henry, 170

Langevin, Sir Hector, 91

Langtry, Mrs., 127, 128

Lansdowne, the Marquess of, 86,
go; gives Mr. Chamberlain a
lesson in curling, 95

Larned, Mr. J. E., 170

Lauder, Archbishop, 92

Laughton, Mrs. M., 68

Lawson, Mr. John L., 159, 160

Leamington, I startle my mother
by my obesity on return to, 83

Lees, Mr. Samuel, 153, 156

Leiter, Mr., Mrs., and Miss, 128,
129

Lewis, Bishop, 92

Liberty, the Statue of, particulars
of, 17

Lincoln, Dr. N. S., 50, 52

— President, Life of, by Hay
and Nicolay, 64

Lindsay, the Hon. R. C., 57

Liverpool, arrival at and departure
from, 11 ; arrival at, on return,
198

Loring, Mr. and Mrs., 145

Lovell, Mr. J. W., 170

Lucas, Mr. John, 153, 163

276

MacpDonaLpD, Sir John, 92, 93, 200

Machine for cutting 48,000 lines
on an inch of glass, 84

MacKean, Mr. W. V., 166

Maccomb, Miss, 52, 59

Macpherson, Sir D., 98, 99

MacVeagh, Mr. Wayne, 166

Madelon (play), 86

Mandeville, Lady, 251, 252

Manhattan Club, dinner at, 25

Manhattan U.S. revenue cutter
meets us at New York, 18

Mansfield, Mr. Richard, 49

Marlborough, Duke of, 25; mar-
riage with Mrs. Hammersley, 26

Martin, Mr. and Mrs. Bradley, 191

Match-box, story of one that was
lost and found, 60

McCauley, Mrs. (see Mrs. John
Davis), 61

McClure, Colonel A. K., 166

McGuckin, Mr. Barton, 16

McLean, Mr. John, 52

McMickan, Captain, of ss: Umbria,
191

Mathews, Mr. C. E., 250, 253, 267

Matthews, Justice, 52

Menus: at Mr. Chamberlain’s
banquet to his American col-
leagues, 72, 73; at Phila-
delphia, 156

Meux, Lady, delight at Volodyov-
ski’s victory in the Derby, 71

Miller, Mr., a good racquet player,
168

— Mr. Justice, 59
Modus vivendi, text of, 212, 217,

219

““Mollie Maguires,” 154

Montgomery Bridge,
strikes it, 119

Montreal, departure for, 88; the
Ice Palace at, 89

Moore, Mr. John B., 49; his work
on extradition, 49, 73

Morgan, Rev. D. P., 170

Morley, Mr. John, 88

Mount Vernon, trip to, 75; group
taken in front of house, 75;
description of, 75; Washing-
ton’s tomb at, 76 ; his wife’s, 77

“ Mugwumps,”’ 143

Murnaga, Sefior, 52

Murray, Sir George, 7

our car

INDEX

NEGROES at hotel, 33, 146

New York: our ten days’ sojourn
there on arrival, 25; last day
in, 29; return to, 86; return
to, en route home, 168; Mr.
Chamberlain’s arrival at, on his
wedding mission, amusing ac-
count in New York World—
““Maycock is Chamberlain,” 242

Niagara, 113; we go under the
falls, 114; a perilous drive at,
116; we leave for Washington,
118

Niblo’s theatre, 27

Nicolay, Mr. John G., 64

Niles, Mr. N., 170

Nixon, Mr., 52

OrcHID dinner given by Messrs.
Angell and Putnam to Mr.
Chamberlain, 58; price of one
specimen, 268

Ottawa, arrival at, 89; Chaudiére
Falls at, 91

PaGE, the Misses, 52

Paget, Mrs. Almeric, 70

Pakenham, Mr. H. A., 90

Palmer, Senator, 59

Parkes, Sir Henry, 234

Parliament, debate in, on vote for
cost of mission, 237

Paulton, Mr. Harry, 127

Pauncefote, Sir Julian, 37

Paxson, Judge, 166

Payne, Miss Flora, 70

Peabody, Mr. G., philanthropist,
related to Mrs. Endicott, 53;
monument to, at Baltimore, 84

Pepper, Dr. Wm., 166

Phelps, Mr. Dudley, 170

Philadelphia, 31, 153-167

Phonograph, curious purpose to
which it was applied, 137

Pike County Ballads, 65

Pinkerton, Robert, presents me
with a set of his father’s works
on Criminology, 30

Plays visited: Railroad of Love,
30; Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,

49; Jim the Penman, 66;
Madelon, 86; Dorothy, 127;
As in a Looking-Glass, 128;

Romeo and Juliet, 140

INDEX

Pollack, Mr. Maurice, 221

Poole, Sir James, 11

Porter, General Horace, 166, 170

Potomac, Great Falls of, 56

Potter, Mrs. Brown, 128, 140

Preston, Mr., 130

— Professor Thos. Jex, 48

Pruyn, Mrs., 52

Public Ledger, Philadelphia paper,
163

Putnam, Mr. W. L., 35, 37, 58,
63, 68, 71, 73

““ QUAKER City,” the, 153, 167

Queenstown, arrival at and de-
parture from, 13 ; arrival at, on
homeward journey, 197

Railroad of Love (play), 30

Rainsford, Rev. Dr. S., 170

Randolph, Mrs., second wife of
Mr. W. C. Whitney, 70

Recognition of Bergne’s and my
services, 194, 195, 218

Rehan, Miss Ada, 30

Reid, Mr. Whitelaw: we go to
his box at the opera, 24, 65

Reuterskiold, Monsieur, 52, 145

Rhinelander, Miss, 52

Rideau Hall, Ottawa, 90

Rider, Mr. Dudley, 57

Riggs, Mr. Frank, 52

Roberts, Mr. George B., 166, 168

Robertson, Mr. Ian Forbes, 66

“Rocked in the Cradle of the
Deep’’: inappropriateness of
lines to the Atlantic passage, 14

Rodgers, Admiral, 59

Romeo and Juliet, a thrilling ex-
perience at matinée of, 140

Romero, Seftor, 52, 125

Rosengarten, Mr. J. G.,

Rouston, Mr., 52

Russell, Miss Lillian, 127

166

St. GEORGE’s SOCIETY, 153; its
history and objects, 154; their
hall, 156; they banquet Mr.
Chamberlain at Philadelphia,
156

Sala, Count, 52

Sands, Miss, 52

Schurman, Professor J. G., 170,
190

277

Sea-sickness, peppermint as a
remedy for, 15
Senate, alleged abuse of privilege
of floor of, 121
Senator , ill-timed speech by,
and its sequel, 142
Sheridan, General P. H., 52, 55
Sherman, General, 55
— Miss, interviews herself for
the press, 56
— Senator John, 56, 64, 121
Sickles, General Daniel, 65
Siegfried (opera), 27
Skating at Ottawa, 95, 96
Slater, Mrs., 135
Slavery, abolition of, the original
draft of Lincoln’s proclamation,
64
Sloane, Mrs., 130
Smith, Mr. Chas. Emory, 166
— Mr.E. J., 259, 267
— Mr. Lindley, 166
— Mr. Wm, ex-Canadian Min-
ister of Marine, 18
Snowden, Col. L., 166
“Sons of St. George,’ Order of,
153; its composition and ob-
jects, 154, 160 ; we shake hands
with two thousand of them, 163
Speech, Mr. Chamberlain’s com-
pliments on one of mine, 166
Spring Rice, Sir Cecil, 31, 52, 59,
73, 138, 153
Stanley, Dean, visit to America,
163
Stevens, Mrs. Paran, 25, 242, 245
Stewart, Mr., 73
Stone, Miss, 65
“Store clothes,’ female pas-
sengers attired in, on arrival
at New York, 17
Streatfeild, Col., 89, 90
Stringer, Mrs., 252, 258

TAINTER, Professor, 136; sells a
phonograph, and curious pur-
pose to which it was applied by
the purchaser, 137

Tannhdauser (opera), 24

Terrapin and Canvas-back duck,

6

2
Thompson, the Hon. J. S. D., 33,

59, 73
Thomson, Mr. Frank, 166

278

Tiller, Senator, 120

Tonks, Mr. W., 259

Toronto, departure for, 97; stay
with Sir D. Macpherson at, 98 ;
banquet given by Board of
Trade, 100

Townsend, Mrs., 145

Treaties: those which related to
the Fishery Question, 2; sove-
reign power to conclude, in
England, 44; signature of our
treaty, 149; review of, 175;
text of, 202; passed by Legis-
latures of Canada and New-
foundland, but rejected by
American Senate, 218; final
treaty of 1912, 220

Tupper, Sir Charles: allusion to
characteristics of fishermen, 3 ;
appointment as Plenipotentiary,
4, 23; detained in Canada by
election, 29; arrival at Wash-
ington, 33; goes to Dr. Jekyll
and Mr. Hyde, 49; 58, 62, 68,
73) 94, 126, 134, 169, 187, 200,
217, 220

Umbria s.s., 191

ValIL, Mr. Theodore N., 170

Vanderbilt, Miss, 70

Van Horne, Mr., 100

Victoria, Queen, Sulley’s portrait
of, at Philadelphia, 156

Vilas, Mr. and Mrs., 130

Volodyovski wins the Derby, 71

Volta Laboratory for phonographs,
136

Von Zedwitz, Baron, 52

Voorhees, Senator, 120, 121, 122
124

)

Waite, Chief Justice, 59

Wallach, Mrs., 145, 152

Waller, Miss, 130

Warner, Dr. and Mrs., 131

Washington, arrival at, 31; great
heat in November, 50; gaiety
of season at, and our regrets at
leaving, 151

Washington, George, visit to his
home at Mount Vernon, 75

Washington Post, amusing de-

INDEX

scription of our personal attri-
butes in, 79
Waterall, Mr. Wm., 159
Webb, Matthew, 115
Wendell, Mr. Jacob, 170
West, Miss Amelia, 51, 126
— Miss Flora, 51, 126
— Miss Sackville, 35, 51, 52, 124,
125, 126
— Sir Lionel Sackville, appoint-
ment as Plenipotentiary, 4;
meets Mr. Chamberlain at
Washington, 31; his reticence,
34; his daughters, 35; pre-
sents us to Mr. Bayard, 47; at
the Legation reception, 51, 59,
62, 68, 73, 134, 153, 201, 217,

243
Westcott, Mr. and Mrs., 130
Whale, a, 16
Wharton, Mr., 57; his work on
International law, 58, 134
White House, the, 47; diplomatic
reception at, 129
Whitney, Mrs., 52, 56, 70, 131, 132,

145
ooh H. Payne, 70, 71
— Mr. W. C.: his work when
Secretary of the Navy, 67; his
banquet to Mr. Chamberlain,
67; his record and great wealth,
69; his marriages, 70; wins
English Derby with Volodyovski,
71; his death, 71, 133
Williams, Mr. Geo. G., 170
— Mr. J.H., 153, 160, 163
— Mr. Powell, 9
Willis, Mr. Edgar A., 171
Wilmington, 153
Wilson, Mr. George, 171
— Mrs. John M., 130
Wiman, Mr. Erastus, 43, 169, 172
Wines, ‘‘ different’’ and “ indif-
ferent,’’ Senator Evarts on, 147
Winslow, Miss, 131, 132, 191
Winter, the Hon. J.S., 38, 73, 218
Witridge, Mr. and Mrs., 27

Yates, Mr. Edmund: resemb-
blance of, to Mr. Grover Cleve-
land, 48; asks me to send him
some notes for The World, 50

Young, Mr. John Russell, 166

Printed by BALLANTYNE, HANSON & Co.
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