} ie? ent \iht be pith ert echt alate va erat ta feel Oy»! By oa bacgahe nary Ni ce if Me une re ay ie ce POET ASE SS SEaNE : leas Notes dite ENTE ote) * % att a: een BA NOA Soins Se ss Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu319240507 78707 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. Dates of Publication of the Several Parts of this Volume. Parr X. pp. 1-256, was published June 1883. » AI. pp. 257-512 8 Jan, 1884, », SII. pp. 513 to end, ,, Aug. 1885. THE FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. BY SIR J. D. HOOKER, C.B., K.C.S.I. M.D., F.B.8., D.C.L. OXON., LL.D, CANTAB. CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, AND HON, MEMBER OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. ASSISTED BY VARIOUS BOTANISTS. VOL. IV. ASCLEPIADEH TO AMARANTACEZ. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL LONDON: L. REEVE & CO., 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1885. LONDON: PRINTED BY GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LIMITED, 8T. JOHN’S SQUARE. FLORA OF BRITISH INDIA. Oxper XCV. ASCLEPIADEZX. (By J. D. Hooker.) Herbs or shrubs, usually twining. Leaves opposite or obsolete, very rarely alternate, quite entire, exstipulate. Inflorescence various, usually an axillary umbelliform cyme ; flowers regular, hermaphrodite, 5-merous. Calyx inferior, lobes or segments imbricate. Corolla lobes or segments valvate or overlapping to the right, very rarely to the left; tube or throat often with a ring of hairs, scales, or processes (the outer or ‘corolline corona). Stamens at the base of the corolla, filaments free in Periplocee with or without interposed glands ; in other tribes, connate into a generally very short fleshy column, which usually bears a simple or compound ring or series of scales or poogeates (inner or staminal corona) that are attached to the filaments or to the back of the anthers, or to both ; anthers crowning the column, connate or free, adnate by the connective to the stigma, 2-celled; tip often produced into an inflexed membrane; pollen forming one or two granular or waxy masses in each cell, the masses united in pairs or fours to a gland (corpuscle) which lies on the stigma. Ovary of two distinct superior carpels, enclosed within the staminal column; styles 2, short, uniting in the stigma, which is 5-angled short and included between the anthers, or is produced beyond them into a long or short simple or 2-fid column; ovules many, rarely few, 2-seriate in each carpel. Frutt of 2 follicles. Seeds compressed, usually flat ovoid winged and surmounted with a dense long brush of hairs (coma) (absent in Sarcolobus) ; albumen copious, dense ; embryo large ; cotyledons flat, radicle short, inferior—DustRrB. Species about 1,000, chiefly: tropical. The analysis of the plants of this order is most difficult, and in dried specimens never satisfactory, from the fleshiness and complexity of the coronal processes and anthers. I have spent many months over the Indian ones, and have kept pretty close to the generic limits adopted in the “Genera Plantarum.” I have, however, been obliged to abandon the tribe Stapeliee, to suppress Vincetoricum, and to propose several new genera. Suzorver I. Periplocee. Filaments usually free ; anthers acuminate or with a terminal appendage; pollen-masses granular, in pairs in each cell, Trine I. Periplocece. Characters of the Suborder. * Coronal scales or processes 0. Anthers with bearded appendages . . . - . » « « « J. Panranvna. ** Coronal scales corolline, free, short, thick. Corolla very small, rotate, lobes-valvate. . 1. 2 ewe ee Hemipesmvs. VOL. Iv. B 2 XcV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) Corolla small, rotate, lobes overlapping . . . . . 8 CRYPTOLEPIS. Corolla large, funnel-shaped, lobes overlapping . . . « + *8, CRYPTOSTEGIA. *** Coronal scales 5, free, close to or adnate to the filaments. + Coronal scales short, broad ; filaments without interposed glands. A pubescent twining shrub; leaves opposite. . . . . 4, BRACHYLEPIS. An erect tree; leavesalternate . . .... .. =. . O, Urreria. tt Coronal scales filiform or subulate. u. Filaments free without interposed glands. Cymes stout, pubescent. Corolla-lobes short, broad . . . 6. FINLAYSONIA. Cymes slender, glabrous. Corolla-lobes slender, straight . 7. ATHEROSTEMON. B. Filaments free, with interposed teeth or glands. Cymes slender, glabrous. Corolla-lobes short, triangular . 8. ATHEROLEPIS. Cymes slender, glabrous. Corolla-lobes long, slender. . . 9. ATHERANDRA. Cymes short, sessile. Corolla-lobes short, ovate . . . . 10. SrreprocauLon. Cymes loosely panicled. Corolla-lobes lanceolate, . . . 11. MyRiopreron. ttt Coronal scales short, broad ; filaments connate, with interposed glands. Cymes peduncled. Corolla-lobes ovate, valvate . . . . 12. Ducateris. **** Coronal scales cornate into a lobed ring; filaments without interposed glands. Corolla rotate, lobes overlapping , ... . . . . . 18, Perrenoca. Susorper IJ. Euasclepiades. Filaments connate; pollen-masses waxy. TrrsE II. Secamonez. Anthers with a membranous inflexed tip; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell (20 in all), sessile in fours (2 pairs) on the corpuscle, Corolla rotate, lobes overlapping to the right . . . . . 14. Secamone. Corolla rotate, lobes overlapping to the left. . . . . . 15. Toxocarpus. Corolla rotate, lobes valvate . . sR oe 8 . 16. GENIANTHUS. Trisz II. Cynanchez. Anthers with a membranous inflexed tip; pollen-masses solitary in each cell (10 in all), sessile or pedicelled in pairs on the corpuscle, pendulous. * Corona single, corolline, 5-cleft . . . . . . . 17. Guossonema. ** Corona double, corolline and staminal . . . , 18. Oxysretma, *** Corona staminal, of 5 processes adnate to the anthers; or 0. + Stem erect. Corolla valvate. Coronal processes laterally compressed . 19. Catorrorts. Corolla valvate. Coronal processes spathulate. . . . .*19. ASCLEPIAs. Corolla-lobes overlapping. Coronal processes short, fleshy . 20. PenranoTura, tt Stem twining. Corolla-lobes overlapping. Corolla campanulate. Coronal processes ligulate . . . . 21. Rapaisremma. Corolla rotate. Coronal processes laterally compressed . . 22. Penratroris. Corolla funnel-shaped. Coronal processes laterally compressed 23. Duta. Corolla campanulate. Coronal processes0 . . , . . . 24. ADELOSTEMMA, XCV. ASCLEPIADER. (J. D. Hooker.) 3° *** Corona single, staminal, cupular or annular. Corolla rotate, Corona of a 10-lobed ring, and 5 horny processes behind the anthers . . . soe ee eee we ww , 25, Hotostemma. Corona annular. Leafy erect or twining herbs or shrubs . 26. CywancHom, Corona annular. Leafless straggling shrubs. . . . . . 27. SaRcostmMMa, Trise IV. Marsdeniew,. Anthers with a membranous inflexed tip (absent in Physostelma and rarely in Hoya) ; pollen-masses solitary in each cell (10 in all), sessile, or pedicelled in pairs on the corpuscle, erect (rarely horizon- tal or pendulous in Tylophora), * Corolla-lobes overlapping. Corona 0, or corolline. Stem twining. Corolla-lobes short. Corona0. . . . . 28, SARcOLOBUS. Stem pendulous. Corolla-lobes long. Stigma included . . 29. Penrasacmn, * Stem twining. Corolla lobes short. Corona on the corolla- : tube 2 ww we ee ee ee ew we «80; G¥MNEMA, ** Corolla-lobes overlapping. Coronal processes on the staminal column; rarely 0. + Corolla urceolate companulate or salver-shaped. Corolla urceolate, Coronal processes minute or 0, Stigma included . 2 2. 1. we we we. 81. Goncronema. Corolla urceolate or salver-shaped. Coronal scales on the back of the anthers, simple. . . ........ Corolla rotate or salver-shaped. Coronal scales on the back of the anthers, notched a . oo. . . » « . 88, Peraunaria, Corolla salver-shaped, coriaceous. Coronal scales 0 (in Indian species) . . 2 1 we eee ee , . 84, SrepHANOTIS. Corolla-lobes long, doubled down inwards in bud , . 35, Lyeisma, 32. Marspenia, tt Corolla rotate. Cymes various. Column minute. Coronal processes fleshy. 36. TyLopHora. Cymes umbelliform. Column large; coronal processes simple 37. TREUTLERA. Cymes racemiform. Column minute, fleshy; coronal pro- cesses 2-fid . 2. . 1 3 «we we ww es 6. 88. Cosmostioma. Cymes umbelliform, pendulous. Coronal scales spreading, cuspidate, . . . » 2 + ep ee ee we ew « . 89, Deecea, *** Corolla valvate. Coronal processes adnate to the staminal column. Corolla small, rotate, Column short, corona stellate. Fol- licles slender . . 1... 1 + eww we ss 40. Hererosremma. Corolla large, rotate. Column short, corona stellate. Fol- lies stout . 6 + 2. 1 we ee ee ee ee). 4, Divvocuras, Corolla urceolate or disciform. Corona cupular, fleshy . . 42. Oranraus. Corolla minute, urceolate. Coronal scales membranous, erect 43. Discuipta, Corolla rotate. Corona very large, stellate . . . . . . 44, Hoya. Corolla cupular. Corona large, stellate . . . . . . . 45, PuysosTerma. Corolla-tube short, lobes long subulate. Ovary sunk in the calyx-tube , 5 1 1 6 ee ee te wp ee 6 46, Pronoruacuis. Trrpze V. Ceropegieze. Anthers incumbent on the stigma, without a membranous tip ; pollen-masses one in each cell (10 in all) sessile in pairs on the corpuscle, erect or horizontal. Corolla-lobes valyate in all, ; ; ; B2 4, xov. AScLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) * Corona double; corolline lining the corolla-tuhe and forming minute processes in the sinus of its lobes, staminal annular. Calyx turbinate, 5-lobed. Corolla rotate. . . . . . . 47. LepraDENIA. Oalyx 5-partite. Corolla salver-shaped . . . . . . . 48. ORTHANTHERA, ** Corona staminal, simple or compound, annular, 5-10 lobed, with 5 pro- .cesses from its inner face which overlap the anthers, + Leafy herbs with terete stems and branches. Corolla rotate,!lobes very narrow. Stem very slender, erect or twining . BT Ae Be ie: ake he IR Gk a . . 49. BracuysTeLma. ‘Corolla-tube long. Stem stout or slender, erect or twining . 50. CaRoPEGIA. Corolla rotate. Stem erect and branches short, stout, fleshy . 51. Freres, tt Leaftess herbs, with fleshy 4-angled stems and branches. Corolla rotate, lobes very narrow. Flowers lateral, subsolitary 52. CaraLiuma. Corolla rotate, ‘lobes very broad. Flowers terminal, umbelled 58. Boucerosra. GENUS KNOWN BY NAME ONLY. ‘OpontantHERA, Wight in Lindl. Veg. Kingd., 626. ‘TrinE 1. PERIPLOCEE. l. PENTANURA, Blume. Twiving glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, elliptic, strongly nerved. Flowers small, fascicled on a short axillary peduncle, purplish. Calyx small, 5-glandular within. Corolla subcampanulate, fleshy; lobes concave, over- lapping to the right. Coronal scales 0. Filaments free, arched, bases distant ; anthers oblong, adherent below to the stigma, tipped with bearded appendages; pollen-masses granular ; appendages of the corpuscles stipitate, flabellate. Stigma capitate, 5-angled. Follicles divaricate, cylindric. Seeds comose.—Species 2 ; a Bantatra and the following. P. khasiana, Kurz in Herb. Calcutt.; glabrous, leaves elliptic-lanceo- late acuminate at both ends, petiole slender. Pentanura sp., in regione Yunan and Periploca khasiana, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 740 and. 746. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., 7. D. H. & T. T., Kurz.—Disrem. Yunan. Branches smooth. Leaves 4-5 by 13-14 in., reddish when dry beneath and finely reticulated, midrib stout; nerves 8-10 pairs, arched ; petiole 3-8 in. Peduncle stout, 2 in. in the Khasian specimen, }-1 in. in the Yunanones. Corolla about i in, diam. : lobes pubescent within, pink. Félaments and back of anther pubescent as in Phyllan- thera (which is perhaps not generically distinct) in the Yunan specimens, glabrous in the Khasian. Style elongate; stigma 2-lobed at the top. Follicles (young) in Khasian specimen }-% in. long, ovoid, incurved, obtuse.—I have not seen the Sumatran species which is the type of the genus. 2. HEMIDESMUS, 2r. Twining shrubs, Leaves opposite, hoary or pubescent beneath. Flowers small, in opposite crowded subsessile cymes, greenish-purple. Sepals glandular within, acuminate. Corolla rotate; lobes thick, valvate. Coronal scales 5, on the corolla-throat, alternate with its lobes, short, thick. Filaments distinct ; anther-tips connate, inflexed, membranous; pollen-masses cohering in pairs in Hemidesmus.] xcv, ascueriapes. (J. D. Hooker.) 5 each cell, granular; appendages of the corpuscles dilated or hooded. Stigma 5-angled, crown flat. Follicles long, slender, divaricate, terete, smooth... Seeds: comose. #4. indicus, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 57 ; leaves from: broadly obovate: to oblong elliptic linear or linear-lanceolate obtuse or apiculate. Wall. Cat. 8243; Wight Contrib. 63, Wight Ic. t. 594; Deless. Ic. Sel. v. t. 55; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 147; Grah.. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 122; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 494; Benth. § Trim. Med. Pl. t. 174. H. Wallichii, Miquel Pl. Hohenack. No. 359. Periploca indica, Welld. Sp. Pl. i. 2251. Asclepias pseudo-sarsa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl.. Ind. ii. 39, excl. syn. Burm. Thes. Zeyl. t. 88, f.1; Rheede Hort. Mal. x. t..34. Norraern Inpia;. from Banda to Oudh and Sikkim, and southwards to Travancore and CErYLon. Leaves most variable in form, length, and breadth, the shorter and broader 1-1} by 1-1} in., the longer 4 by } in., the broadest sometimes retuse at the tip, the narrowest finely acuminate, those on the young shoots often white along the midrib; petiole % in. Pedicels clothed with ovate acute imbricating bracts. Corolla 2 in. diam., green without, purple within. odlicles 4-5 in. Seeds-}-in., ovate-oblong, flattened, black; coma 1 in. Var. pubescens ; stem and leaves: beneath. and sometimes: above pubescent. H. pubescens, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 63 ; Wight Ic, t. 1320; Wall. Cat. 8244; Dene. in ey viii, 495.—Behar on the Soane river, J. D, H.; Deccan Peninsula, waht, &e. 3. CRYPTOLEPIS,, Br: Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves. opposite. Flowers in. very lax slender: _ dichotomous few-flowered peduncled terminal or axillary cymes. Calya with 5 scales within. Corolla-tube short, cylindric or bell-shaped;. lobes linear,. overlapping and twisted to the right. Coronal scales 5, about or above the- middle of the tube, linear or clavate, conniving. Filaments subconnate by their broad bases; anthers short, adhering by their base to the stigma, tips conniving, acuminate; pollen-masses cohering in pairs in each cell, granular, appendages oblong. Stegma broadly conic. Follicles divaricate, terete, smooth. Seeds comose.—Distais. Species 14; Tropical Asiatic and African. 1. ©. Buchanani, Roem. § Sch. Syst. iv. 409; glabrous, leaves oblong or elliptic, glaucous beneath, nerves very many slender nearly horizontal,.cymes axillary many-flowered. Wight Ic. t. 494, and Jil. t. 182, f. 8; Fale..in: Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. 53,+.5; Brandis. For. Fl. 330; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 148. C. reticulata, Wall. Cat.. 1640; Royle Ill. 270. Nerium reticulatum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19, and Fl. Ind. ii. 8. Echites reticulata, Roth Nov. Sp.. 134, E. cuspidata, Heyne in Herb, Rottl—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 11. Throughout Lyp1, from Western Kasur to Assam and BrrMa, ascending the Himalaya to 4000 ft.; and southwards to TRavancorE and CzyLon. Leaves 3-6 by 1-23 in., coriaceous, shiping above, sometimes obovate, apiculate or * acuminate, base acute; petiole 4 in. Cymes very shortly peduncled, paniculate ; branches short, divaricate. Sepals short, acute. Corolla: yellow, % in. diam.; tube very short, lobes lanceolate. Coronal scales clavate. Follioles 2-4 in., straight, rigid, . gradually narrowed from about the middle where they are 4-4 in. diam,. Seeds-4 in, long, oblong-ovate, contracted below the tip, compressed ; coma 1 in. 2. G. grandiflora, Wight Ic. t. 831, and Il. ii. 169, t. 1556,.f. H;. glabrous, leaves obovate oblong or elliptic obtuse or mucronate, pale beneath, . 6 xcv. ascbertapez. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cryptolepis. nerves 5-6 pairs arched, cymes axillary and terminal few- or many-flowered. C. Wightiana, Wall. Cat. 4457. Echites coriacea, Heyne in Herd, Rotiler. Deccan Penrysvuta; the Mount, Madras, Heyne, &.; Balaghaut Mts., Wight. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., very variable in form, coriaceous, hardly glaucous beneath, base acute ; petiole $ in. Cymes sparingly branched, usually long-peduncled ; branches stout, prominently distantly scarred by the fallen bracts. Sepals large, ovate, acute. Corolla 1 in. diam ; tube ventricose, lobes falcate lanceolate. Coronal scales ciavate. Follicles 2-4 in., curved and conniving or straight and divaricate. Seeds very large, 8 in. long, linear-oblong ; coma a little longer. 8. C. elegans, Wail. Cat. 1639; glabrous, leaves oblong or linear-oblong or -lanceolate apiculate, rounded at both ends or acuminate, glaucous beneath, nerves numerous very faint and spreading, cymes axillary and terminal few- flowered. G. Don Gen. Syst. iv. 82. CO. pauciflora, Wight Ic. t. 493. C. laxiflora, Blume Mus. Bot.i. 147. Aganosma Edithe, Hunce in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 5. vy. 227. Echites pauciflora. Herb. Rott]. Nerium pauciflorum, Rozb. Ie. ined. Sixxim; Terai, J. D. H. Orissa, Heyne. Assam, Bencat, Kuasia Mrs., Cuirracone, TenAssERIM and ANDAMAN Istps.—Disrris. Java, 8. China. A slender climber, Leaves 13-23 by } in., rarely ovate or linear-lanceolate, tip sometimes retuse, base rarely cordate; petiole 3-4 in., very slender. Cymes 2-4 in., peduncles long, branches few and pedicels slender. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla , yellow, 1-14 in. diam., tube short, lobes lanceolate, tips twisted. Coronal scales clavate. Follicles 5-8 in., slender, nearly straight. Seeds much as in C. Buchanani. —The mss. name of Apocynum orixense, in Rottler's Herbarium, indicates the O:issa habitat of this plant. Flower fragrant. 3%. CRYPTOSTEGIA, Br. Lofty climbers. eaves opposite. Flowers large, in terminal 3-chotomous cymes. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube short, throat campanu- late ; lobes broad, overlapping and twisted to the right. Coronal scales at the base of the throat, subulate, entire or 2-cleft. Filaments short; anthers adnate to the stigma, acute ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular, appendages subspathulate. Stigma convex. Follicles thick, divaricate, hard, 3-winged, furrowed between the wings. Seeds comose.—DtsTRip. Madagascar. G. grandiflora, Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 435 ; glabrous, leaves elliptic obtuse, coronal scales cleft into two filiform segments. Wall. Cat. 1635 ; Wight &§ Arn. Contrib. 36; Wight Ic. t. 832, and Ill. ii, t. 182, f. 9; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 122; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb. Pl. Suppl. 54; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 492; Miquel Pl. Rar, Jard. Buitenz. t. 8; Reichd. Ie. Exot. t. 182, Nerium grandi- florum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19, and Fl. Ind. ii. 100. Cultivated in various parts of Inpra. Branches stout. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., coriaceous, glossy above; nerves many, spreading, arched, faint, base acute; petiole 3% in. Cymes short, spreading peduncle and branches stout, hoary or glabrous; bracts caducous. Sepals 4-2 in, Corolla pale pinkish purple, tube and throat 14 in, long, limb often 2 in. diam., lubes acute. follicles 4-5 by 1-1} in., broadest near the base, straight, woody. ” Seeds 4 in. long, oblong-ovate, compressed, narrowed upwards; coma 14 in., very fine.— Supposed to be a native of Africa or Madagascar, from which latter country another species is described with leaves pubescent beneath and entire coronal scales, but this ‘4s only. known from Mauritian garden specimens. Schweinfurth found C. 4 cultivated.at Khartum on the Nile. i ie Brachylepis.]| | xcv. ascueriapEz. (J. D. Hooker.) 7 4, BRACHYLEPIS, Wight § Arn. A pubescent or tomentose twining shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, villous, in terminal or axillary dichotomous cymes. Sepals ovate, glandular within. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft; lobes short, overlapping and twisted to the right. Coronal scales 5, broad, membranous, close to the stamens. Anthers sessile, cohering in a fleshy ring, tips acute conniving ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; appendages of the corpuscles orbicular. Stigma 5- angled, top flat. Follicles divaricate, acuminate, thick, smooth. B. nervosa, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 64; Wight Ic. t. 1284; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 495 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. v. t. 56.—Tylophora sp., Miquel in Pl. Hohen. n. 1389. ; Nitcurrry Mrs., alt. 5-7500 ft., common, Wight, &e. Leaves 3-4 by 1-2 in., elliptic or ovate, acuminate, base acute or rounded, coriaceous, glabrous and glossy above; nerves 8-10 pairs, spreading and arched ; petiole stout, 4 in. Cymes villous, peduncles and pedicels short, stout; bracts persistent ; bracteoles numerous, imbricate. Corolia 4 in. diam., green outside, purple within, lobes ovate. ollicles not seen. 5. UTLERIA, Beddome. A glabrous tree. Leaves scattered, narrow, subcrenulate. Flowers minute, towards the ends of the long branches of terminal peduncled dichotomous cymes. ‘Sepals rounded, glandular within. Corolla subrotate, 5-cleft, lobes overlapping and twisted to the right. Coronal scales 5, small, opposite and close to the stamens. Filaments short ; anthers ovate, conniving over and adnate to the stigma; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; appendages of the corpuscles dilated. Stigma convex. Fruit unknown, U. salicifolia, Beddome mss. Deccan Penrsuta; Anamallay Mts., alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. Branches stout. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 7-9 by $-1 in., natrowly lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous, margin thickened waved or crenulate, base very acute; nerves many, very slender, nearly horizontal, reticulations fine ; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes 4-6 in., sparingly branched ; bracts on the terminal branches numerous, imbricate, obtuse; pedicels short. Corolla 4; in. diam., lobes ovate, acute. 6 FINLAYSONIA, Wail. A lofty glabrous climber. eaves opposite. Flowers in 2-3-chotomous axillary cymes, yellowish and purple. Sepals rounded, short. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft; lobes ovate, overlapping to the right. Coronal scales 5, close to the stamens, filiform. Stamens on the throat of the corolla, filaments slender ; anthers adnate by the middle to the stigma, beardless, tip membranous inflexed acute. Pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; tips of the corpuscles slightly dilated. Stigma 5-angled, top flat. Folicles divaricate, turgid, nar- rowed at both ends, 1-3 winged, tip with a revolute beak. Seeds margined. with soft retrorse hairs, F. obovata, Wail. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 48, t. 162, and Cat. 4466; Wight § Arn. Contrib. 65; Wight Ill. t. 182, f. 5; Griff. Notul. iv. 70, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 407 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 494. Gurua obovata, Ham. in Voigt Hort. Sub. Calc. 544. 8 xcv. ascLepiapExs. (J.D. Hooker.) [Finlaysonia. From the SunpEREUNDs to TenassERIM and Matacca; Wallich, &e. Branches stout. Leaves 3-4 by 14-24 in., obovate-oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse or apiculate, thickly coriaceous, reticulate beneath, base acute; nerves very numerous, horizontal, very slender; petiole }-1 in. Cymes 2-3 in. long ; peduncle and branches very thick; bracts short, persistent; pedicels short, thick. Corolla } in. diam., lobes bearded within. Follicles 3 by 2 in., distantly ribbed between the wings, pericarp thin. Seeds 4 in. long, fiat, obovate-oblong, hairs brown.—Flowers fetid (Voigt). 7. ATHEROSTEDION, Blume. A very slender glabrous twining shrub. Leaves opposite. Flowers in axil- lary and terminal slender peduncled dichotomous cymes. Calyx minute, tube turbinate, eglandular within. Corolla rotate ; lobes long, slender, overlapping to the right, straight and forming an oblong-cylindric bud. Coronal processes 5, filiform, at back of the bases of the filaments. Stamens at the base of the corolla; filaments very short, distinct, without interposed glands or teeth; anthers conniving over and adnate to the stigma, tips membranous, acute ; pollen-masses in pairs in each celi, granular; appendages of the corpuscles dilated. Stigma rounded. Fruit unknown. A. javensis, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 126, t. 23. Tenasserim ; banks of the Gyna, Moulmein, Lobd.—Disteiz. Java. Leaves 2-84 by %-13 in., oblong-elliptic or linear-oblong, apiculate, glaucous beneath, base obtuse or rounded ; nerves 6-10 pairs, very slender, arched; petiole slender, 3-4 in. Cymes much longer than the leaves; peduncle long and slender, branches filiform; bracts minute; flowers very few, distant; pedicels capillary, tip turbinate. Calyx-lobes small, rounded, membranous, with sometimes a very obscure scale in the sinus. Corolla-lobes long, linear, obtuse, 3 in. long, erect and recurved. Stamens very minute. 8 ATHEROLEPIS, Hook. f. Nov. Gen. A pubescent slender climber. Leaves opposite, very narrow, membranous. Flowers very small, in very short few-flowered axillary pubescent cymes. Calyx Z-superior, tube turbinate; lobes short, eglandular within. Corolla rotate ; lobes triangular, overlapping to the right. Coronal scales 5, subulate, at the back of the stamens. Stamens at the base of the corolla; filaments very short. distinct, with interposed rounded glands; anthers oblong, conniving over and adherent to the stigma, ie obtuse, connate ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; appendages of the corpuscles dilated. Ovary half sunk in the calyx-tube and adherent to it; stigma small, tip obtuse. Fruit unknown. A. Wallichii, Hook.f. Atherandra Wallichii, Benth. in Gen. Plant. ii. 744, Hemidesmus Wallichii, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 63; Wall. Cat. 8245; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 495. : Prau, at Prome, Wailich; Rangoon, M‘Clelland. Branches glabrous below. Leaves 3-7 by 3-14 in., narrow, oblong or linear- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, puberulous above, softly pubescent beneath ; base acute; nerves rather distant, spreading, slightly arched, very slender ; petiole 4 in. Cymes shorter than the petioles; bracts minute; pedicels very short, top turbinate. Corolla 3; in. diam., shortly conic in bud, lobes glabrous within. Félaments alternat- ing with obscure low glands.—The habit, foliage, inflorescence, eglandular calyx, obtuse anthers and short stigma well distinguish this from Atherandra, Atherandra.] —-xov. ascLeprapes. (J. D. Hooker.) 9 9. ATHERANDRA, Dene. Slender glabrous twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in axillary and terminal slender peduncled dichotomous cymes. Calyzx-tube turbinate, lobes with quadrate crenulate glands within. Corolla rotate; lobes long, slender, overlapping and sharply twisted to the right, forming a long-beaked bud. Coronal processes 5, filiform, at the back of the bases of the filaments. Stamens at the base of the corolla; filaments distinct, alternating with large erect glands; anthers sagittate, conniving over and adnate to the stigma, tips elongate, filiform ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; appendages of the cor- puscles dilated. Ovary partly sunk in the broad calyx-tube ; stigma elongate- conical, 2-fid. Frudt unknown. A. acutifolia, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 497. A. pubescens, Blume pe Bot. i. 147, t. 2. A. cuspidata, Blume l.c. Cryptolepis filiformis, Wail. ‘at, 4458, Pernanc, Wallich.—Distrip. Java. Branches and leaves beneath glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Leaves 1-2 by 1-1} in., oblong or obovate-oblong, finely abruptly acuminate; nerves 6-8 pairs, strong beneath, arched ; petiole 2-} in. Cymes numerous, quite glabrous, spreading, longer than the leaves; bracts small, deciduous; ‘pedicels thickened towards the turbinate tip. Caly-lobes ovate, acute, erect or reflexed, Corolla 3-3 in. diam., long and slenderly beaked in bud. ; 10. STREPTOCAULON, Wight § Arn. Twining tomentose herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small or minute, in lax sessile or peduncled trichotomous panicled cymes. Calyx minute, glandular within. Corolla rotate ; lobes ovate, overlapping to the right; buds shortly conical. Ceronal-scales 5, filiform, adnate to the back of the filaments. Stamens at the base of the corolla; filaments very short, alternating with minute teeth ; anthers conniving over and adnate to the stigma, tip with an obtuse triangular process ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; append- ages of the minute corpuscles dilated. Stigma convex, 2-lobed. ollicles divaricate, terete, smooth, not winged.—Duisrris. Species 6; Indian and Malayan. 1. S. Kleinii, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 65; shrubby, climbing, leaves cuneate-obovate base cordate with softly appressed white tomentum beneath, nerves 7-10 pairs, cymes pubescent shorter than the leaves. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 496. Deccan Peninsura; Klein. Leaves 2-3 by 1-12 in., coriaceous, above puberulous closely reticulated with sunk nerves, beneath pale buff when dry; nerves and reticulation faintly seen through the tomentum; petiole 2-4 in. Cymes with a stout peduncle 3-1} in., sparingly shortly di-tri-chotomously branched, branchlets very short 1-2-fid; bracts tomentose, persistent. Sepals hirsute, ovate, subacute, 1-2-glandular. Corodla 4 in. diam.; lobes ovate, subacute, sparingly hirsute externally, glabrous within. 2. S. Wallichii, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 65; shrubby, climbing, leaves broadly or narrowly elliptic acute at both ends finely acuminate softly brown- tomentose beneath, nerves 6-8 pairs, cymes much branched many-fld. hispidly pubescent, flowers quite glabrous. Wall. Cat. 8249; Dene. in DC. Prodr. vill, 496, 10 xcy. ascLeprapez. (J.D. Hooker.) [/Streptocaulon. Penane, Phillips, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1100), &c. Srincarore, Wallich, Branches stout, young densely shortly pubescent; bark brown, lenticellate. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., very variable in breadth, coriaceous, opaque and puberulous above, reticulations minute ; nerves faint beneath ; petiole }-4 in. Cymes spreading, 1-2 in. long and broad; 2-3-chotomously branched ; branches divaricate, slender, ultimate with persistent sometimes imbricate minute bracts; pedicels slender, tips turbinate. Sepals glabrous, minute, obtuse. Corolla 3, in. diam., red, lobes broad acute. Follicles 3 by } in. divaricate, straight, acuminate, pubescent. Seeds } in., oblong, narrowed below the tip; coma 1} in, 3. S. tomentosum, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 64; shrubby, climbing, leaves cuneate elliptic or oblanceolate acuminate base rounded or truncate, softly fulvous-tomentose beneath, nerves 16-20 pairs, cymes many-flowered densely pubescent, corolla quite glabrous. Wight Ill. t. 182 f.2.; Wall. Cat. 8248 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 496, Ava, at Taongdong and Movurmain, Wallich. Pecu, M‘Clelland. Distrre. Yunan. Cochinchina. Branches smooth, ultimate finely densely pubescent. Leaves very variable in breadth, 3-5 by 14-34 in., usually broadest beyond the middle and truncate at the base, puberulous above; nerves straight, prominent or concealed in the tomentum beneath ; petiole 3-2 in. Cymes short, 1 in. long and broad or less, branches divari- cate; bracts persistent. Sepals pubescent. Corolla +, in.; lobes broad ovate, acute. Fruit unknown. 4, S. Griffithii, Hook. f.; shrubby, climbing, leaves obovate-oblong or oblanceolate acuminate base cordate, scaberulous above, densely rusty-tomen- tose beneath, nerves 14-18 pairs, cymes hispidly tomentose, corolla glabrous. Streptocaulon, Griff. Notul. iv. 71, § Ic. Pl. As. t. 406. Trnasserim, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 3754, under tomentosum) ; Mergui, Griffith. Branches stout, lenticellate, ultimate hispidly tomentose. Leaves 3-6 by 14-2 in., variable in form, often broadest above, the middle, hard ands coriaceous, finely im- pressedly reticulate above; nerves and reticulations, usually prominent beneath. Cymes 1-2 in. long and broad, densely hispid, branches rather stout divaricate ; bracts persistent ; pedicels short. Calyx strigose. Corolla 2 in. diam.; lobes broad, acute. Follies 3-4 by } in., straight, acute, finely pubescent. Seeds nearly in., narrowly oblong, coma 1 in. - 5. S. sylvestre, Wight Contrib. 65; herbaceous, prostrate, leaves sub- sessile orbicular or broadly ovate pubescent or tomentose beneath, base rounded or cordate, nerves 6-7 pairs, cymes small few-fld., corolla nearly glabrous. Wail. Cat. 8251; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 496. Beneat, Hamilton ; foot of the Stxxim Hrma.aya, Clarke, Foot woody, giving off many slender pubescent flexuous branches, 12-18. in. long with distichous leaves that lie flat on the ground. Leaves 1-1} in. long and nearly as broad, apiculate, glabrous or puberulous above ; nerves arched, prominent beneath. Cymes 4 in., pubescent ; peduncle slender; branches and pedicels short, not spread- ing; bracts minute; Calyx small, strigose. Corolla } in. diam., purple, very slightly pubescent, lobes lanceolate acute, Fruit unknown. : ll. MYRIOPTERON, (rif. A glabrous or pubescent slender twining shrub. Leaves opposi - petioled. lowers small, in lex paniculate cymes from opposite me a minutely glandular within. Corolla rotate; lobes narrow, overlapping to the right, twisted to the left, broadly conic in bud. Corvnal scales 5, at the back of the filaments, filiform from a broad base. Stamens at the base of the corolla, Myriopteron.] -xov. ascLupiapEz. (J. D. Hooker.) 11 filaments connate below into a ring with alternating teeth ; anthers conniving over and adherent to. the stigma, tips membranous ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, appendages of the corpuscles 2-fid. Stigma convex, 2-fid. Follicles * short, turgid, straight; with many longitudinal membranous wings. Seeds comose. _ MM. paniculatum, Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv. 885; § Notul. iv. 71. & Ie. Pl. Astat. 408. Streptocaulon.oextensum, Wight Contrib. 65, § Ill. t. 182, f. 3.; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 496. S. Horsfieldii, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. ae aes cristata, and Jenkinsia cristata, Wall. mss. in Voigt Hort. Sub. ‘ale. 544, Assam, Cuirtacone, Pecu, and Tenasserim. Distris. Java. Branches smooth, herbaceous. Leaves 34-5 by 2-23 in., very variable in length and breadth, rounded oblong or elliptic, acuminate or subcaudate, base rounded or acute, membranous, finely pubescent or glabrate beneath; nerves 5-7 pairs, slender, arched ; petiole very slender, 4-1} in. Cymes 3-7 in., peduncle and brachiate branches very slender, quite glabrous ; bracts few, chiefly at the forks; pedicels capillary, top tur- binate. Sepals minute, rounded, ovate. Corolla 4 in. diam.; lobes lanceolate. Follicles 3 by 2 in., straight, narrowed to the obtuse tip, base rounded, pericarp thin. Seeds 4 in. long, ovoid, narrowed to the tip, coma 1 in.—M. Horsfeldii, agrees with the perfectly glabrous leaved states of the plant from Tenasserim. 12. DECALEPIS, Wight § Arn. A glabrous twining shrub. Leaves opposite, Flowers small, in axillary ethene ge cymes. Calyx eglandular within. Corolla rotate ; lobes valvate, earded within, ovoid in bud. Coronal scales 5, ovate, adnate to the back of the base of the filaments. Stamens at the base of the corolla, filaments connate at the base with alternating minute glands; anthers ovate, conniving over and adnate to the stigma, tip acute inflexed ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, granular; apperdages of the corpuscles dilated. Stigma convex, 5-grooved. Fruit unknown. D. Hamiltonii, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 64; Wight Ill. t. 182. f.6.; & Ie. t. 1285; Dene. in A. DC. Prodr. viii. 495. Streptocaulon Hamiltonii, Wight mss.. Apocynum reticulatum, Herb. Madr.; Wall. Cat. 8247. Deccan Peninsvta; Balaghaut Mts. near Madras; Anamallay hills, Wight. Branches stout, smooth. Leaves coriaceous, orbicular or elliptic-obovate, tip rounded, base acute or rounded, finely reticulated ; nerves 6-8 pairs, strongly arched ; petiole 4-4 in. Cymes in single axils, glabrous or puberulous; peduncle } in.; branches few, short, spreading ; bracts persistent, scattered or subimbricate. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Corolla i in. diam., coriaceous ; lobes ovate-oblong, subacute, beard dense white. 13. PERIPLOCA, Linn. Erect or twining glabrous sometimes leafless shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in lax terminal or axillary cymes, greenish externally, purplish within. Calyx 5-glandular within. Corolla rotate ; lobes obtuse, usually bearded within, overlapping to the right. Coronal scales connate into a 10-lobed ring often produced behind the stamens into 5 subulate or branched processes. Stamens within the corona, filaments broad short flat; anthers bearded on the back, con- niving over and adhering to the stigma, tips cohering, with incurved appen- dages; pollen-masses in pairsin each cell, granular ; appendages of the corpuscles dilated. Stigma convex. Follicles conniving spreading or divaricate, cylindric, smooth. Seeds comose. Disrris. S. Europe, West Asia and Africa, Species 12. 12 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Periploca. 1. P. aphylla, Dene. in Jacq. Voy. Bot. 109. t. 116; and in DC. Prodr. viii. 499; erect, leafless or nearly so, flowers purple, coronal lobes very long filiform glabrous. Boiss. Fi. Orient. iv, 50. Campelepis viminea, Fale. in Trans. Innn. Soc. xix. 109, in note. Western Pansas, in the piains, Falconer, &e. Scinp, Stocks. Dusters. Aff- ghanistan, Persia, Arabia, Nubia. : A shrub; branches as thick asa goose-quill or less, smooth or tips pubescent. Leaves, if present, ¢ in., oblong, acute, very thick, nerveless. Cymes often opposite, 4-1 in. long and broad, branched from the base or on short thick peduncles, glabrous ; branches short, thick; bracts caducous. Sepals broad, rounded-ovate. Corolla 4-3 in. diam., dark purple, glabrous externally, lobes ovate-oblong, densely bearded above the middle within. Follicles 3 by } in., rigid, woody, terete. Seeds } in., narrowly oblong ; coma 1 in.—“ Used for cordage ; flowersfragrant, eaten by natives, taste like raisins” (Stocks). 2. P. hydaspidis, Fale. in Ann. § Mag. of Nat. Hist. viii. 449; twining, leafless or nearly so, flowers yellow, coronal lobes subulate hairy. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 498. Western Himataya; Southern Kashmir and Kishtwar, ascending to 4000 ft., and the adjacent Pansaz, Falconer, Thomson, &e. Disrrrs. Affghanistan. Quite glabrous. Branches tortuous, wiry, sometimes fascicled, as thick as a crow- quill, smooth. Leaves (if present) 3-3 in., linear, subacute, thick, nerveless. Cymes 3-1 in. long and broad, often opposite, very numerous; peduncle stout, erect, branches divaricate ; bracts caducous. Sepals rounded, quite glabrous. Corolla 1 in. diam.; lobes oblong, obtuse, pubescent or villous within, glabrous externally. Folliclee (old only seen) broader and less woody than in P. aphylla. 3. P. calophylla, Fale. in Ann. §& Mag. Sc. Nat, viii. 449; twining, quite glabrous, leaves narrowly lanceolate caudate-acuminate, nerves very many horizontal, flowers yellow or pinkish, coronal lobes hairy. Brandis For. Fi. 330. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 498. Streptocaulon calophyllum, Wight Contrib. 65, and Ill. t. 182, f.1; Wall. Cat. 8252. Temperate and suptropicaL Himazaxa, alt. 35000 ft. from Kumaon to Sikkim, Kuasia Mrs. alt. 4000 ft. A small shrub, branches slender. Leaves 13-3 by 4-2 in,, coriaceous, shining on: both surfaces, margin undulate; petiole 1 in. Cymes numerous, often in opposite axils, sessile, 4-1 in. long and broad; branches and pedicels slender ; bracts caducous. Sepais broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla 4 in. diam., lobes ovate-oblong acute. Follicles 4-8 by } in., quite straight or curved, parallel or divergent, never divaricate, smooth, terete; pericarp thin but firm. Seeds 4-2 in. long, linear; coma 1-1} in. TrizsE 2. SECAMONEZ:. 14. SECAMONE, 2r. Climbing or straggling shrubs or undershrubs. Zeaves opposite. Flowers small or minute, in sessile or shortly peduncled lax axillary 2—3-chotomous cymes. Corolla rotate, 5-cleft; lobes (in Indian species) overlapping to the right. Coronal scales 5, adnate to. the staminal tube, laterally compressed, tips free. F%laments short, connate; anther-tips small, menibranous, inflexed ; pollen-masses in pairs in each cell, small, globose, waxy, corpuscles minute. Stigma beaked, 2-fid, or low and conical. Frllicles stout or slender, acuminate, smooth, terete or angled. Drstrrn. Species about 24, tropical Asia, Australia and Mascarene Islands. : ; Secamone. ] XCV. ASCLEPIADEE. (J. D. Hooker.) 13 S. emetica, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc.i. 56; slender, glabrous, except the puberulous cymes, climbing, leaves lanceolate, or linear- or elliptic- lanceolate subacute narrowed into the short petiole, cymes much shorter than the leaves, corolla glabrous, coronal-scales broadly subulate incurved much shorter than the column, stigma 2-lobed, follicles slender straight terete narrowed from the base to the tip. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 501; Wight Contrib. 60; Ie. t. 1283, and I. t. 155. b. fig. D.; Wall, Cat. 8236. Periploca emetica, Retz. Obs. ii, 14. Mountains of the Sourn Deccan Prnrnsuta and Cryron. Leaves 1}-3 by 3-4 in., rather glaucous beneath, nerves very faint. Cymes few~- or many-fid.; peduncle 4-3 in. Sepals ciliolate. Corolla } in. diam., segments oblong, obtuse, bases saccate. Follicles 2-24 in.—S. Finlaysoni, Wight; Wall. Cat., a-native of Siam, has much broader leaves and longer cymes. 15, TOXOCARPUS, Wight & Arn. Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in axillary dichotomous cymes. Calyx minute; lobes oblong, obtuse. Corolla-tube short ; lobes narrow, spreading and recurved, glabrous, overlapping to the left. Coronal scales minute, obtuse or acute, adnate to the column. laments connate; anthers small, retuse, often inappendiculate ; pollen-masses 2 in each cell, very minute, pendulous, waxy. Stigma produced far beyond the column. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. DistRrs. Species about 14, tropical Asiatic and African. I am unable to determine accurately from herbarium specimens the characters of the very minute staminal column and its scales in this genus, * Oymes rusty-pubescent. Corolla-segments without an adnate scale. t+ Corolla-segments villous or hatry at the base only. 1. T. villosus, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 506; leaves elliptic-oblong sub- acute or cuspidate rusty-pubescent beneath, cymes Jax, coronal scales with Subulate tips overtopping the anther-cells, stigma slegder quite entire. Mig. Fil. Ind. Bot. ii. 475. Secamone villosa, Blume Bud. 1050. Tunasserm; Mergui, Griffith—Distriz. Java. Leaves 2-34 by 1-14 in., base acute, glabrous in age; petiole 1-4 in. Cyme- branches stout and sepals densely villous. Corolla 4 in, diam., segments slightly hairy at the base. 2. T. Griffithii, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 505; leaves elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate cuspidate, young glabrous beneath, cymes short, coronal scales not overtopping the anther-cells, stigma short enlarged upwards, tip notched. Toxocarpus sp. Griff, Notul. iv. 69, and Ic, Pl. Asiat. t. 404 (Asclepiadee),— Connaracea, Wall. Cat. 8550. Tunasserim, Griffith, gc. Manacca, Maingay (Kew distrib. 1105). Sincarors, Lobb. Prnane, Porter. : ; Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., base acute or rounded; petiole 4-4 in. Cymes few-fid. Corolla-segments slightly hairy at the base, the hairs disposed in a triangle like the adnate scale of 7. acuminatus. Follicles 12 in., very slender, flexuous, cylindric. Seeds 1 in., very slender, not beaked. 3. ZT. himalensis, Falc. mss.; leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate or orbicular obtusely cuspidate, young pubescent beneath, coronal scales over- topping the anther-cells, stigma slender unequally 2-fid. 14 XOV. ASCLEPIADE. (J. D. Hooker.) { Toxocarpus, Western Himataya; Chaumussoore, Falconer, Assam and Kuasta Mrs., Jen- kins, Griffith, H. f. § T. &e. . Leaves 3-5 by 14-3 in., quite glabrous when old, base acute or rounded, petiole 4-2in. Corolla 3 in. diam. ; lobes membranous, slender, villous at the base within. Follicles 4-6 by 3-2 in., young rusty-pubescent. Seeds ovate, beaked, 2 in. long.— The only Himalayan specimen is Falconer's, and probably from Garwhal. ++ Corolla-segments glabrous throughout. 4. B. Roxburghii, W. § A. Contrib. 61; stem cymes and calyx sparsely hirsute, leaves broadly elliptic cuspidate membranous glabrous base subacute, cymes spreading much shorter than the leaves, flowers few sessile, coronal scales acute hardly overtopping the anther-cells, stigma fusiform. Wight Ic. t. 475; Wall. Cat. 8239; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 505; Asclepias longistigma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 46. : Tue Crrcars, Heyne; Roxburgh. Leaves 24 3 by 13-2 in., midrib sparsely puberulous beneath; petiole $-3 in. and nerves very slender. Cymes shortly peduncled ; flowers solitary or clustered, } in, diam. ; bracts very minute.—I am in doubt about this plant, for which Wight cites u, 1561 as his catalogue number, for the solitary specimen in his “ Herbarium ” has no number, locality, or collector's name attached, Good specimens are however in Rottler’s ‘‘ Herbarium,” sent by Heyne as Eehites dichotoma, Herb. Heyne (not the plant published under that name), and in Wallich’s also from Heyne. Roxburgh gives no locality for it in his “Flora,” but Wight gives the Circars on Roxburgh’s authority. The flowers in his (Roxburgh’s) drawing are twice as large as in the specimens. Wight and Arnott and Decaisne describe the corolla-throat as hirsute, which is perfectly glabrous in Roxburgh’s drawing and in the specimens; and the cymes as longer than the leaves, whereas they are much shorter. As a species it is very near 7. Kieinii, but is a much more slender less villous plant, with very short coronal scales. 5. T. Kleinii, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 61; leaves from elliptic-ovate or obovate or lanceolate to orbicular acuminate or cuspidate glabrous or pubescent beneath base acute, cymes spreading and calyx densely tomentose, flowers few sessile and pedicelled, coronal scales overtopping the anther-cells, stigma long fusiform tip slender notched. Wight Ic. t. 886; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii, 505. Hills of the Deccan Penrnsuta, from the Concan southwards. Cxryton; Matu- ratte district alt. 3000 ft. Thwaites; Galle, Champion. Very near T. Roxburghii, but stouter, with more coriaceous leaves, longer more densely tomentose cymes, larger usually pedicelled flowers 3 in. diam., less mem- branous calyx and corolla, and longer coronal scales. Follicles quite glabrous, more or less curved, some 3 by 3 in. and flattened, others 7 by 3 in. and nearly cylindric. Seeds 4 in. ovate, hardly beaked.—In some specimens, both Peninsular and Ceylonese, the leaves are narrow, 2 by 3in., quite glabrous and shining on both surfaces, in others they are 23 in. long and broad, rusty-pubescent beneath. I do not find the tube of the corolla to be pubescent within as figured by Wight. 6. T. concanensis, Hook. f.; leaves obovate or elliptic cuspidate mottled and glabrous or pubescent beneath, cymes densely tomentose much branched many-fld., coronal scales hardly overtopping the anther-cells, stigma Jong slender, Canara; on the Bababoodan hills, Law. This again closely resembles 7. Kleinii, but the leaves are much larger, 3-5 by 23-3 in., more obovate, with petioles 3-2 in. long, and the cymes are more divided, very many-flowered, densely tomentose. The leaves are dark green, minutely mottled between the nerves beneath in a branching reticulated manner, a character I do not Toxocarpus. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 15 find in its allies, though there are traces of it in 7. Kleinii, Fragment of a follicle cylindric, glabrous. 7. %. Kurzii, Hook. f.; leaves large broadly elliptic-ovate broadly cuspi- date coriaceous shining, cymes small, flowers few sessile, calyx nearly glabrous, coronal scales obtuse hardly overtopping the anther-cells, stigma long slender. Mrppre Anpaman Istanv, Kurz. I have seen but one specimen, which is nearest to 7. Kleinii, differing in the large (4-5 by 23-8 in.) coriaceous leaves, long (2 in.) petioles and nearly glabrous calyx. ** Corolla lobes with a triangular erose scale adnate to their bases, 8. T. acuminatus, Benth. in Gen. Pi. ii. 747 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate quite glabrous shining base acute, cymes branching from the base branches and branchlets very long slender few-fld., flowers pedicelled. Gonio- stemma acuminatum, Wight Contrib. 62; Wall. Cat. 8242; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 504. Siruet, Wallich. Stem glabrous, pustular. Leaves 4-5 by 13-1} in., shining on both surfaces; nerves many, faint, spreading; petiole }-4 in. Cymes almost glabrous, nearly equalling the leaves ; pedicels very slender; bracts very minute. Sepals very small, rounded. Corolla } in, diam., quite glabrous, lobes lanceolate twice as long as the’ tube. Coronal scales triangular, shorter than the column. Stigma long, fusiform. DOUBTFUL AND IMPERFECTLY KNOWN SPECIES. T. eriocarrus, Hook. f.; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate acute at both ends quite glabrous, petiole slender, nerves slender very oblique, follicles long.curved terete finely pubescent, seeds linear-oblong tip not contracted. Travancore ; at Courtallan, Wight. Branches glabrous, woody, Leaves 23-3 by 1-1} in. firm, pale when dry; petiole 3-3 in. Flowers not seen. Follicles 5-7 by 3 in. woody. Seeds 2 in, long. . Roxsurcui, Griff. Notul. iv. 68; Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 386a f. 4, 5, not of W. & A. from Mergui. This, though referred by Griffith to Roxburgh’s Aselepias longistigma (T.. Roxburghii, W. & A.), is certainly not that plant, and is, I suspect, 7. Griffithii. ? T. Wieutianus, Hook. § Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 200; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 506; stem very slender, young densely rusty-tomentose, leaves small 1-13 in. elliptic oblong cuspidate glabrous above rusty-pubescent beneath, base rounded, nerves 2-4 pairs, slender oblique, petiole 3 in—Specimens in leaf only collectedj by Dr. Thomson and myself at the Bor-panee river, Khasia Mts. alt. 2000 ft., quite resemble the Chinese J. Wightianus, which may be known by its very small cymes of flowers, like those of 11’ himalensis, and its short tomentose pods. 16. GENIANTHUS, Hook. f., Gen. Nov, Twining shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in axillary subsimple or dichotomously branched cymes. Calyx minute, lobes oblong obtuse. Corolla- tube short; lobes narrow, spreading and recurved, villous to the tip on the inner face, valvate. Corona of 5 scales adnate to the column. Staminal-column minute ; pollen-masses 2 in each cell, minute, waxy. Stigma sessile and capitate, or long and slender.—Drisrriz. Species 8 or 4 tropical Asiatic and Malayan. This genus is distinguished from Torocarpus by the bearded corolla-lobes and valvate estivation. * ‘Stigma sessile, capitate. Cymes very compound, 16 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Genianthus. 1. G. laurifolius, Hook. f.; leaves glabrous broadly elliptic obtusely acuminate, base acute, petiole slender, cymes rusty-tomentose much branched many-fld., coronal scales obtuse hardly overtopping the anther-cells, Toxo- carpus laurifolius, Wight Contrib. 61, and Ic. t. 598; Wall. Cat. 8241; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 506. T. crassifolius, Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 148. As- clepias laurifolia, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 49. Srxxm Hiazaya, in hot valleys, J. D. H. & T. T. Carrracone to Pzeu, Ror- burgh, Kurz, &e. Concan and Canara, Stocks, &c. Stem glabrous, pustular. Leaves 3-4 by 2-3 in. or larger; nerves slender, spreading; petiole $-14 in. Cymes very variable, 1-4 in. long and broad; flowers 35-} in. diam., sessile and pedicelled, of two forms on the same cyme, one small with narrow densely bearded segments, the other much larger with broader oblong nearly glabrous segments. Follicles in Roxburgh’s figure 5 by } in., very slender, terete, straight.—Wight & Arnott give Cawnpore, Genl. Hardwicke, as a locality for this, but I suspect some mistake. ** Stiyma elongate, columnar. Cymes subsimple, branches long stout with distant clusters of sessile flowers. 2. G. crassifolius, Hook. f. ; branches cymes and midrib beneath rusty- tomentose, leaves thickly coriaceous broadly elliptic acute or acuminate, coronal scales overtopping the anther-cells. _Toxocarpus crassifolius, Wight Contrib, 61; Wall. Cat. 8240; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 506. Sivuet, Wallich. Leaves 3-5 by 2-24 in., base rounded or subacute, margins narrowly recurved, nerves very spreading; petiole stout, 4-2 in. Cymes simple, or twice or thrice branched, stout, flexuous, as long as the leaves; flowers 4 in. diam. Stigma very stout, subclavate. 3. G. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branches and cymes rusty-pubescent, leaves glabrous oblanceolate obtusely acuminate, coronal scales overtopping the anther-cells. Stncapore, Maingay (Kew Distrib. n. 1106). Leaves 25-35 by 1}-1} in,, coriaceous, narrowed into the petiole, midrib beneath glabrous or pubescent, nerves ascending; petiole 3-3 in. Cymes, flowers, staminal column and stigma as in G. crassifolius. Trinzs3. CYNANCHEZ. 17. GLOSSONEMA, Dene. _ Diffuse, hoary undershrubs or herbs, branched from the base. Leaves oppo- site. Cymes small 2-6-flowered, sessile or shortly peduncled ; flowers small. Sepals glandular within. Corolla subcampanulate, tube short, lobes overlapping to the right. Corona near the base of the tube, 5-cleft; lobes large broad, hyaline, obtuse acuminate or ligulate. Staminal column short ; anthers tipped by an inflexed membrane ; pollen-masses solitary in each cell, oblong, not com- pressed, pendulous, waxy. Stigma exserted, fleshy, conical clavate or peltate. Foilicles thick, acuminate, muricate or spinous. Seeds comose.—DIstrR1B. Species 6 ; tropical African, Arabian and Scind. G. varians, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 748 ; leaves fleshy ovate or rounded sb or ae margin toe or entire, upper narrower, cymes subsessile,. pedicels very short, corolla-lobes rounded. Mastosti i : Hook. Ic. Pi. t. 843; Boiss. Fl. Orient, iy, 61, for career, Glossonema. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) Vi Scinp, Vicary, Frere, Stocks.—Distris. Beluchistan, Persia. Annual? Branches 4-6 in., stout, erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-2 in., often as broad, base acute, nerves obscure; petiole }-1 in. Flowers yellowish, 2 in. diam. Follicles 2-3 in., ovoid, turgid, beaked, fleshy; spines very stout, soft, scattered. ‘Seeds 4 in., broadly ovate, flattened, pale yellow-red, margins thin. 18. OXYSTELMA, Br. Twining glabrous herbs or undershrubs. Leaves narrow, opposite. Flowers large, in loose racemose or umbelliform cymes or solitary, pedicels filiform. Calyx small, 5-co-glandular within. Corolla broadly ureeolate, or campanulate or rotate ; lobes ciliate and subvalvate below, tips overlapping to the right. Corona double, corolline annular, at the base of the corolla, papillose within, margin membranous, truncate ; staminal of 5 scales adnate to the bases of the stamens with cordate or dilated bases, 2-keeled within. F%/aments short, connate; anther-tips membranous, inflexed; pollen-masses one in each cell, oblong, compressed, pendulous, waxy, Stigma depressed, or subconvex. Follicles thick, oblique or curved, smooth or narrowly 2-winged. Seeds comose.— Distr. Species 4; tropical Asia and Africa. O. esculentum, Br.; leaves lanceolate linear-lanceolate or linear finely acuminate, base acute rounded or cordate, corolla 1 in. diam. ciliate, follicles oblong lanceolate or ovoid. Wight Contrib. 54; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 121; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 150; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. t. 22; Griff. Notul. iv. 61, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 3899, 400; Wall. Cat. 8219; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. iii. 483 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 542. O. Wallichii, Wight Contrib. J. ¢.; Dene, l.e.; Wall. Cat. 8220. Periploca esculenta, Zinn. f. Suppl. 168; Roxb. Cor. Pl.i. 18, t. 11. Asclepias rosea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 40, and As, Research, iv. 268 (Doogdhdika). ’ Throughout the plains and lower hills of Inp1a; from the Punjab to Ceylon, Assam, Pegu and Tenasserim.—D1sTRis. Ava, Java. A deciduous-leaved very slender climbing perennial. Leaves 4-6 by 3-1 in., membranous, nerves many, uniting far within the margin ; petiole 3 in., very slender. Cymes few-fid., peduncles and pedicels capillary. Fvowers white and rose-coloured with purple veins. follicles 2-3 in., rather membranous. Seeds very numerous, 4 in., broadly ovate, flat—O, Wallichii of Wight differs only in the more oblong follicles rounded at the end. 19. CALOTROPIS, 2%. Erect, glabrous or hoary shrubs or small trees. LZeaves:opposite, broad, sub- sessile. Flowers medium-sized in umbelliform or subracemose cymes. Sepals glandular within. Corolla broadly campanulate; lobes broad, naked, valvate. Coronal-scales 5, fleshy, laterally compressed, radiating from the large staminal column, dorsally spurred. -Anther-tips membranous, inflexed; pollen-masses one in each cell, pendulous flattened, waxy. Stigma depressed, 5-angled or slobed. Follicles short, thick. Seeds comose.—Drsrerp. Species 3; tropical Asia and Africa. 1. G. gigantea, Br. in Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, it. 78; sub-arboreous, leaves sessile beneath and umbels cottony, corolla-lobes spreading, coronal-scales truncate hairy. Hamilt. in Trans. Linn, Soc. xiv. 245; Wight Contrib. 53, and Til. t. 155, 156.A.; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 149; Grah. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 120; Brand. For. Fl. 331; Griff. Notul. iv. 68, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 397, 398; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 535; Bot. Reg. t. 58. Asclepias gigantea, Willd. ; Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fi. Ind. ii. 30. VOL. IV. c 18 XCY. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Calotropis. Throughout Inpra, ascending to 3000 ft. in the Himalaya from the Punjab to Assam, Ceylon and Singapore.—Distrrs. Malay Islands, 8. China. Trunk stout, bark pale, shoots woolly. Leaves 4-8 by 1-3 in., cuneate-obovate, base cordate, axils bearded, smooth above, cottony beneath, Umbels peduncled, simple or compound; bracts oblong. Corolla 3-2 in. diam., pale purple ; segments ovate-lanceolate, revolute and twisted in age. ollicles recurved, 3-4 in. Seeds }in., broadly ovate. 2. G. procera, Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, ii. 78; shrubby, leaves sessile young and umbels cottony old glabrous, corolla-lobes erect, coronal- scales acute glabrous or pubescent. Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 246 ; Wight Contrib. 53, and Ic. t. 1278; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl.149; Brand. For. Fi. 881; Botss. Fl. Orient. iv. 57; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 176; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 585. C. Hamiltoni, Wall. Cat. 8215; Wight I.c. C. Wallichii, Wight l.c. 53; Wail. Cat. 8216. . heterophylla, Wall. Cat. 8217; Wight l.c. 54, Asclepias procera, Bot. Reg. t. 1792. Western and Centrax Invi, ascending to 3500 ft. from Scind and the Punjab to Behar and Bombay.—Distris. Ava, Persia, trop. Africa. A shrub 6-15 it. Leaves as in A. gigantea, but more oblong and acute, sometimes 8-9 by 4 in. Umbels long-peduncled, cottony. Follicles 4-5 in., recurved. Seeds 2 in., ovoid. 3. C. Acia, Hamilt. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. 247; herbaceous, leaves petioled obovate oblanceolate or oblong glabrous, corolla-lobes erect, ecronal- scales 2-lobed. C. herbacea, Wight Contrib. 54, and Ic. t. 492; Wall. Cat. 8218; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 586. Asclepias herbacea, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, and FU. Ind. it. 50. N. Beneat and Sixxmm Terar; from Tirhoot to Mymensing, ascending the Himalaya to 30U0 ft. ‘ Stem erect. Leaves 6-8 by§g-4 in., very thick, narrowed into the petiole ; nerves few, stout ; petiole 3-1 an Se as in C. procera. ne 19.* ASCLEPIAS, Linn. Perennial erect herbs. Leaves opposite, alternate or whorled. Cymes um- belliform ; flowers medium-sized or small. Sepals glandular within. Corolla rotate, lobes often reflexed, naked, valvate. Coronal-scales 5, erect, adnate to the column, spoon-shaped. Anther-tips membranous, inflexed ; pollen-masses one in each cell, pendulous, flattened, waxy. Stigma depressed, 5-angled. Follicles turgid, beaked, smooth. Seeds comose,—D1stRrIp. Species 60; all American, except 2 African and the following cosmopolitan one. A. curassavica, Linn.; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 566; perennial, leaves opposite lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acute narrowed into a short petiole glabrous, umbels many-fid. shortly peduncled, corolla orange-red, lobes reflexed, column stipitate. Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 54; Gubs. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 120; Bot. Reg. t. 81. Bengal and various parts of India, a weed introduced from the West Indies throughout the tropics. 20. PENTABOTHRA, Heok. f. Gen. Nov. A dwarf erect glabrous herb, Leaves opposite, linear. Flowers in axillary umbelliform short-peduncled cymes. Sepals oblong, minutely glandular within. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-lobed ; lobes oblong-ovate, overlapping to the Pentabothra. | KCv. ASCLEPIADEH. (J. D, Hooker.) 19 right. -Corona of 5 pouch-like folds at the base of the column alternating with the anthers, and 5 fleshy laterally compressed processes with free obtuse tips adnate longitudinally to the backs of the anthers. -Anthers large, horny, mem- branous tips large oblong ; pollen-masses one in each cell, elongate, compressed, falcate, with long pedicels, pendulous, waxy. Stigma, a depressed 5-angled cone, included. P. nana, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 1426. Cynanchum nanum, Ham. in Wight Contrib. 59; Wall. Cat, 8230. Norruern Camrue (Lower Assam), at Sanyashikata, in grassy hills, Hamilton. Stem 5-6 in., rigid. divided below. Zeaves 4 by +4 in., spreading, exactly linear, acute, base cordate, midrib stout, nerves faint; petiole 3, in. Umbels clustered, many-fid.; pedicels 4 in.; bracts lanceolate. Sepals puberulous. Corolla 3-4 in. diam., purple within, glabrous.—A very remarkable plant,.of which the specimen in Wallich’s Herbarium (from which fragments were sent to Wight) is the only one known. It is evidently nenr Holostemma and Asclepias itself. 21. RAPHISTEMMA, Jail, Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, Cymes axillary, umbelliform, long-peduncled; flowers large, white, long-pedicelled. Calyx 5-glandular within. Corolla campanulate, 5-fid; lobes spreading, twisted in bud and overlapping to the right. Coronal-scal:s 5, membranous, adnate to the column, produced into long slender linear ligules. Column large, anthers with an inflexed membranous tip; pollen-masses one in each cell, not com- pressed, pendulous, waxy. Stigma depressed, flat, 2-lobed in the middle. Follicles thick, acute, smooth. Seeds comose. DistR1B. Species 2; Asiatic. . 1. R. pulchellum, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 50, t. 163, and Cat. 8921 A. ; leaves cordate acuminate, flowers 1-1} in. long. Wéght Contrib.55. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 516. Pazt. Fl. Gard. iii. t. 101; Paat. Mag. xiv. 27 with fig. ; Fi, des Serres, t. 223. Asclepias pulchella, Roxb, Fl. Ind. ii. 54, Sixx Himaraya, alt. 2000 ft., 7.D.H. Assam, Situut and Cacuar, Hamilton, &c. Prov, Wallich. Movurmern, Parish. Branches slender, smooth, herbaceous. Leaves 3-7 in., sinus at base wide, midrib glandular at the base above; petiole 2-5 in. Cymes 4-6 fid.; peduncle 4-5 in.; pedicels very slender, 14-2 in. Sepals broad, very variable in size. Corolla thick, pure white. Fo/licles (from a drawing) solitary? 6 by 14 in. diam., sharply deflexed from the very base, fusiform, turgid, terete, green, slightly upcurved.—Wallich’s 8221 B. from Finlayson seems to be R. Hooperianum, a native of Java and Siam, 22. PENTATROPIS, Br. Twining slender herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, small. Cymes umbelliform, axillary; pedicels slender. lowers small, purplish. Calyx 5- partite. Corolla rotate, 5-fid ; lobes elongate, overlapping to the right, twisted to the left. Corona of 5 laterally compressed scales adnate vertically to the backs of the anthers with free tips and spurred bases. Colwmn short ; anther- tips inflexed ; pollen-masses one in each cell, not compressed, pendulous, waxy. Stigma hardly umbonate. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose. Disrris. Species 8; tropical Asiatic, African, and Australian. 1. P. spiralis, Dene, in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1838, 327, t. 11 E. and in DC. Prodr, viii. 586; glabrous, leaves ovate lanceolate or oblong base rounded or cordate, corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate elongate caudate. Edgew. in Journ. Linn. Soc, vi. 204, t. 1, £9; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 58. P. microphylla, Wall, Cat, c2 20 XCV. ASCLEPIADES. (J. D, Hooker.) [ Pentatropis. 8213D. Oxystelma? caudatum, Herb. Ham. Asclepias spiralis, Forsk. Fi. Eg. Arab. 49. The Panzaz, Scinp, and Eastwards to the Jumna river. Distris. Affghanistan and Westwards to the Red Sea and Nubia. ; : Leaves 1-14 in., very variable in breadth, obtuse or acute, usually apiculate, corija- ceous, nerves obscure ; petiole 3-3 in. Peduncles very short or 0; pedicels capillary, top obconic. Calyr minute. Corolla green, 3 in. diam.; segments narrowed from a triangular base. Follicles 23-3 in., fusiform, narrowed to the base and to the long straight rather slender point. Seeds 2 in. long, ovate, flat, broader end crenate. 2. P. microphylla, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 52; glabrous, leaves oblong ovate or rounded, base rounded or cordate, corolla-segments triangular-lanceolate obtuse. Wight Ic. t. 852; Wall. Cat. 8213, excl. D.; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 149; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 120; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 536. Asclepias microphylla, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 35; Roth Nov. sp. 177? Cynanchum acu- minatum, Thunb. Obs. in Cynanch. 5; Dene. le. 548, Eutropis, gen. nov. Falconer in Proc, Linn, Soc. i. 15. Benaat, in the Sunderbunds; Peau; Drccan Pentnsu.a, from Bombay south- wards. CEYLON, not uncommon. Habit and general characters of P. spiralis, but the flowers are much smaller, and the corolla-lobes have not the long tails. 23. DHEMIA, Br. Twining pubescent or tomentose undershrubs. eaves opposite, cordate. Cymes axillary, racemiform or corymbiform, pedicels filiform. Sepals glandular within. Corolla greenish-white, tube short infundibular; lobes large, broadly ovate, spreading, overlapping to the right. Corona of an outer annular 5-10- crenate or -lobed membrane, and 5 laterally compressed scales vertically adnate to the anthers and spurred behind, with free long subulate tips. Colwmm large, anther-tips inflexed ; pollen-masses one in each cell, subcompressed, pendulous, waxy. Follicles echinate. Seeds comose.—DistRis. Species 6; Asiatic and African. D. extensa, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc.i. 50; subhispidly hairy or glabrate, leaves membranous broadly ovate acuminate deeply cordate pubescent beneath, lobes rounded incurved, peduncles long racemose, corolla ciliate, follicles clothed with long soft spines. Wight Contrib. 59, and Ic. t. 596; Wail. Cat. 8231, excl. F.; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 150; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 122; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 544, Cynanchum extensum, Ait.; Jacg. Ic. Rar. t. 54. C. cordifolium, Retz. Obs. ii. 15. C. echinatum, Thunb. Obs. in Cynanch. 8; Dene. ic. 549. Asclepias echinata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 44. Raphistemma ciliatum, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5704. Throughout India; from the Salt-range and the N.W. Hrwazaya (ascending to 3000 ft.) to Lower Bzneat and Cryzon (not seen from the Malay Peninsula, Birma, or Pegu).—Distris. Affghanistan. A fetid climber, hairs on stem spreading. Leaves 2-4 in. long and broad; petiole 2-4 in, Peduncles 2-6 in.; pedicels capillary, 3-2 in. Sepals small, ovate, pubes- cent. Corolla 2 in. diam., pale yellowish green and red. Column large, tips of inner coronal processes often twisted together. ollicles 14-2 in., lanceolate, beaked. Seeds 4 in. long, broadly ovate, pubescent, margin quite entire. ' 24, ADELOSTEMMA, Hook f. Gen. Nov. A slender glabrous twiner. Leaves opposite, long-petioled, cordate. Flowers small, in axillary peduncled corymbiform cymes, Sepals lanceolate. Corolla Adelostemma.] XCV. ASCLEPIADER. (J. D. Hooker.) . 21 campanulate, glabrous, shortly 5-lobed ; lobes erecto-patent, overlapping to the. right. Corona 0. Column very shortly stipitate, conical, 5-angled; anthers with very long oblong membranous tips; pollen-masses one in each cell, ovoid, pedicelled, waxy, corpuscles large. Stigma clavate, tip exserted, obtuse. 1. A. gracillimum, Hook. f. Ic. Pl. t. 1427, Cynanchum gracillimum, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 57. ; Burma; at Segaen, Wallich. Leaves in distant pairs, 14-24 by 1-1} in., very membranous, acuminate; basal lobes rounded, incurved with a broad sinus; nerves very slender; petiole 1-14 in. filiform. Cymes puberulous; peduncles shorter than the petioles, pedicels go-# in. Sepals half as long as the corolla, which is 4 in. long, pale and quite glabrous inside: and out.—I find no traces of the 6-fid tubular corona at the base of the stipes of the, column described by Wight. 25. HOLOSTEMMA, Br. Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranous, cordate. Cymes axillary, few-fld.; flowers large, purple. Sepals eglandular. Corolla subrotate ; lobes thick, ovate, overlapping to the right. Corona low, annular, 10-lobed, fleshy. -Anthers very large, oblong, horny, shining, cohering in a 10-winged column, tip small inflexed membranous ; pollen-masses one in each cell, elongate, falcate, compressed, pendulous, waxy, pedicels long black. Stigma included, 5-winged. ollicles short, thick, smooth, acute. Seeds comose.—Disrris. Two Indian species. H. Rheedei, Wail. Pi. As. rar. ii. 51, and Cat. 4469; leaves acuminate basal lobes rounded, flowers subglobose red-purple and white. Wight Contrib. 55, and Ic. t. 597; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 582. H. fragrans, Wail. l.c.; Dene. l.c.; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 148; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 121. H. Brunonianum, Royle Ill. 276, t. 66; Dene. 1.c. 538. H. Adakodien, Roem. & Sch, Syst. vi. 95. Asclepias annularis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 87. Sarcostemma annoulare, Roth Nov. sp. 178. Gomphocarpus volubilis, Herb. Ham. (in Wight 1. c.)—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 7. Tropicat Himataya, from Sirmore to Sikkim, alt. 83-5000 ft. Dzccan Penrnsuza, from the Cirears and Canara southwards. Prev and Brrma. Quite glabrous, or the leaves faintly puberulous. Leaves 3-6 in., basal lobes spreading or incurved and meeting; petiole 1-3 in., glandular at the base of the mid- tib above. Cymes umbelliform or in irregular racemes; peduncles 1-2 in.; pedicels as long. Corolla 1-14 in. diam.; lobes subacute, incurved, white on the back and margin. Follicles, according to Rheede’s figure, like those of Raphistemma.—Sprengel is given as the authority for the name H. fheedei, on the supposition that it is his . Rheedianum, which being described as erect with oblong cuspidate strongly nerved leaves must be a very different plant. As Sprengel’s other species, H. Candolleana, is a Fischeria, his genus must be abandoned. 26, CYVNANCHUM, Linn. Erect or twining herbs or shrubs. eaves opposite, rarely whorled. Cymes axillary, umbelliform racemose or subpaniculate ; flowers small, greenish or purplish. Calyx &-partite. Corolla rotate, 5-partite, lobes overlapping to the right or valyate. Corona adnate to the base of the column, 5-partite or cupular or campanulate, variously toothed or lobed, with or without scales or tubercles on the inner face opposite the lobes. -Anthers sessile or stipitate, tip membranous inflexed; pollen-masses one in each cell, not compressed, pendulous, waxy. Stigma flat, umbonate or apiculate. Follicles terete or shortly 2-winged, elon- q 22 xov. aschepiapes. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cynanchum.- gate, moderately ventricose, smooth (in C. corymbosum densely clothed with soft spines). Seeds comose.—DisTR1B. Species about 100; tropical and tem- perate. I cannot retain Vincetoxicum as distinct from Cynanchum ; the presence or absence of processes or scales within the corona affords no character (see C. acutum). The corona itself affords very inconstant characters even for many of the species. * Stem erect. Corona simple, 5-lobed or -partite, lobes without internal processes, 1. G. Vincetoxicum, Pers.; pubescent or glabrate, leaves broadly cordate or ovate acute, cymes sessile or peduncled, flowers corymbose or pani- culate, corolla yellow, segments glabrous or nearly so, coronal-lobes triangular oblong or rounded. ©. Kenouriense, Wight Contrib. 58. Vincetoxicum officinale, Moench; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 54; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 524, V. Kenouriense, Dene. l.c. 525. Asclepias Vincetoxicum, Linn. Temperate Hrwaraya; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 7-11,000 ft.—Duisrris. Westwards to Norway and Spain. Stem 6-10 in., and leaves beneath usually pubescent, sometimes glabrous; leaves broader, greener, shorter petioled and less coriaceous than in the two following species. The coronal-lobes are very variable indeed. 2. G.glaucum, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 58; erect, hoary or puberu- lous pale or glaucous, leaves ovate oblong lanceolate or cordate, cymes usually sessile, flowers umbelled, corolla yellow segments hirsute or bearded within, coronal-lobes 5 rounded broader than long fleshy. Wall. Cat. 8229. Vince- toxicum canescens, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 523; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 52. TemPERATE Himaraya, from Nepal Westwards, alt. 5-9000 ft. Western Tizet, alt. 10-12,000 ft.—Disrris. Afghanistan and westward to the Greek Archipelago. _ Stem 6-18 in., erect, flexuous; rootstock with dense fascicles of roots as in C. Vineetoxicum. Leaves 1-3 by 14-24 in., extremely variable in length and breadth, coriaceous, acute acuminate or apiculate, nerves very oblique; petiole 1~3 in. Cymes pubescent, few or many-fid.; pedicels short. Corolla 3 in. diam., very variable in size, segments subacute. Coronal-lobes variable. Fodlicles 2-4 in., slender. Seeds 3-3 in. long, broadly ovoid, concavo-convex.—Boissier says that C. glaucum differs from canescens in the narrower leaves, few-fld. cymes, and smaller corolla with ovate segments, but none of these characters hold good. In some Tibetan specimens the coronal-lobes are narrow, and the filaments form a rather long column. 3. 6. Arnottianum, Wijht Contrib. 58; erect, puberulous or hoary, leaves ovate oblong or lanceolate, cymes sessile, corolla dark purple, segments hirsute or bearded within, coronal-lobes 5 fleshy oblong or rounded. ‘Vince- toxicum Arnottianum, Waght Ic. t. 1614; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 523; Boiss. Fil. Orient. iv. 52. V. montanum, Dene. i. c. 525. V. luridum, Stocks mss. Re Western Hiwacaya; Kashmir, alt. 6-8900 ft., Royle, &c.—Disrers. Belu- chistan. . Habit and foliage of C. glauewm, with the leaves sometimes whorled, and smaller dark purple flowers. I suspect that it is only a variety of that plant, and both of C. Vincetoxicum. ** Stem twining. Corolla glabrous. Corona without internal processes, + Pedunele of cyme short. 4. G. ovalifolium, Wight Contrib. 57; twining, glabrous, leaves elliptic or oblong acuminate base rounded or subacute, peduncles short, flowers racemose or panicled, corona short irregularly toothed, teeth often curved. Cynanchum.] —- Xcv. AScLEPIADEaZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 23 Wall, Cat. 8226, Cynoctonum ovalifolium and C. Blume!, Dene. in DU. Prodr, vii. 529, 528. Holostemma leve, Blume Bijd. 1056. Penane, Wallich; Maxacca, Maingay.—Drsrxis, Java. Leaves 3-4 by 1} in., coriaceous, pale beneath, nerves spreading; petiole 4-8 in. Sepals ovate. Corolla } in. diam.; segments broadly ovate, quite glabrous. Column sessile. oldicles 5 in. long, thickly coriaceous, terete, tapering to a narrow but stout point, tip recurved. Seeds 3 in., very broad and flat—" Produces an excellent caoutchouc” (Wallich). Making allowance for the variability of the corona in this genus, I am disposed to unite with this the C. formosanum, Maxim. (Diagn. Pl. Nov. Asiat. 801), and Cuming’s No. 774 from the Philippines. 5. C. alatum, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 56; twining, puberulous or glabrate, leaves linear ovate or oblong acute base contracted cordate pale beneath, umbels shortly peduncled pubescent, corona short cupular plaited irregularly crenate, follicles narrowly 2-winged. Oynoctonum ‘aie Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 529; Wight Ic. t. 1280. Nitewerry Mts., Gardner, &c. Travancore, at Coimbatore, Wight. Stem slender, sometimes softly pubescent. Leaves 14-25 in., rarely more, very variable in breadth, glabrous or puberulous above; basal lobes. rounded, sinus open or almost closed; petiole 32 in. Umbels 1 in. diam., peduncle and pedicels pubes- cent. Calya lobes ovate. Corolla } im. diam., glabvous, segments oblong-ovate. Follicles 2-24 in., dorsally compressed.—Wight’s figure represents the whole plant as far too hairy; he gives Coimbatore as the only habitat, but his specimens are marked from the Nilgherries, as are all the others I have seen (Gardner, Hohenacker,: Schmidt, G. Thomson). In the ‘ Contributions” he gives Coromandel as the only native country, which is unlikely. The plaited corona has obscure thickenings on some of the folds of the inner face which are rudimentary inner processes. 6. ©. pauciflorum, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 45; twining, nearly glabrous, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, base broadly cordate, lobes rounded, umbels shortly peduncled and flowers glabrous, corona much longer than the sessile column 5-lobed with 5 intermediate teeth, follicles terete. Wight Contrib. 56; Ic. t. 354; Wall. Cat. 8223; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 148? C. inconspicuum, Griff. Notul. iv. 66, and Ic. Pl, Asiat. t.401. Cyno- ctonum pauciflorum, Dene. DC. Prodr, viii. 528. Periploca tunicata, Retz. Obs. ii. 15; Willd. Phytogr.i. 7, t. 5,£. 8. Asclepias tunicata, Roawb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 35. ; Deccan Penrnsura; from the Concan southwards to Travancore. Cryton, very common in the Central Province. ’ Stem slender. Leaves 2-24 by 1-1} in., broadest at the base, rather coriaceous ; petiole $-T in., glabrous or puberulous; stipular leaves rounded, } in. diam. or less. Pedunele shorter than the petiole. Flowers + in. diam. Sepals lanceolate. Corona nearly equalling the corolla, campanulate, plicate, large lobes sometimes 2-fid at the tip. Follicles 24 in. long, thinly coriaceous, beak slender. Seeds orbiaular, flat, ¢ in. diam.—This at first sight resembles C. alatum, but the leaves broad.at the base at once distinguish it. The name pauciflorum is not very distinctive, 7. GC. Wallichii, Wight Contrib. 56 ; twining, glabrous, leaves ovate- or oblong-lanceolate finely acuminate membranous base deeply cordate with rounded decurved or incurved lobes, umbels shortly peduncled and flowers glabrous, corona campanulate plicate shortly 5—6-lobed lobes toothed. Wall. Cat, 8224, Cynoctonum Wallichii, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 528. Kuasra and Jyntza Mrs. ; at the foot of the hills, Wallich, &e. Stems slender. Leaves 3-5 by 1-2 in., pale beneath, nerves very oblique, basal sinus rounded, open or almost closed by the incurved lobes; petiole 1-1} in. Peduncles vouch shorter than the petioles, pedicels slender, Sepals ovate: Corolla 24 XCY. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Cynanchum. greenish ; segments oblong-lanceolate, longer than the corona, which is membranous and pale. Filaments forming a column longer than the anthers. 8. CG. Callialata, Ham. in Wight Contrib. 56; twining, glabrous or very sparsely hairy, leaves coriaceous from rounded or oblong or ovate to linear acuminate glaucous beneath, base contracted cordate, nerves spreading obscure, umbels shortly peduncled nearly glabrous flowers glabrous, corona short cupular irregularly 5-toothed and crenate, follicles 2-winged. Wail. Cat, 8225; Wight Ic. t. 1279. C. auriculatum, Herb. Ham. C. angustifolium, Wight & A. 1.c. 57. Cynoctonum Callialata and angustifolium, Dene. in DC, Prodr. viii. 528, 529. Periploca tunicata, Herb. Madr. : BewaR; summit of Parusnath, J. D. H., &c. Deccan Peninsura, from the Con- ean to Travancore. Burma at Hengadah, Wallich. ' Stem robust, glabrous or sparingly hairy. Leaves 3-5 in., very variable in breadth, basal lobes small rounded, sinus narrow, midrib broad, nerves very slender spreading ; petiole $-1 in. Peduncles shorter than the petioles. Flowers 3 in. diam., quite glabrous Corona follicles and seeds as in C. alatwm.—Very closely allied to C. alatum, but quite distinct in the much larger size and glabrous habit. tt Peduncles of cyme long, slender. 9. ©. corymbosum, Wight Contrib. 56; quite glabrous, leaves ovate- or orbicular-cordate cuspidate or acuminate membranous glaucous beneath, basal lobes rounded decurved or incurved, peduncles long equalling the long petioles, corona campanulate plicate with longitudinal thickenings within, mouth irregularly crenate, anthers sessile, follicles large clothed densely with long fleshy spines. Wall. Cat. 8222, 8231, F. Cynoctonum corymbosum, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 528. Sixx Himataya, alt. 2-4000 ft. Clarke. Kasra Mrs., Srruet and Cacnar, alt, 1-3000 ft. Wallich, &c. Penance, Wallich. Nicosar Istps. Kurz. Stem rather stout. Leaves 2-6 by 1-3 in., membranous, white beneath ; petiole 13-3 in. Pedumele slender; flowers racemose or corymbose, 4-} in. diam. quite glabreus. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla-segments obtuse. Corona large, much longer than the short column, with internal thickenings as in C. alatwm. Seeds 2 in. long, orbicular-ovoid, with a wrinkled nucleus surrounded by a very broad wing deeply crenate at the lower -end.—The large lanceolate almost fleshy follicles, 4-5 by 1-14 in. diam., densely clothed with soft reversed hooked spines 3-3 in. long, are quite peculiar, and recall those of Demia. It is remarkable that this species, though collected both in the Nicobar Islands and Penang, should never have been found in Burma or the Malay Peninsula. 10. G. deltoideum, Hook. f.; twining, glabrous or nearly so, leaves deltoid-cordate acuminate membranous, peduncles slender, flowers small umbelled glabrous, corona 10-lebed to the middle, 5 lobes large ovate obtuse, 5 intermediate very small rounded. Kuasia Mrs. ;. Kalapanee and Moflong, alt. 5-6000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T. Stem slender. Leaves 2-3 in. long and nearly as broad, pale beneath, basal lobes large rounded, sinus broad; petiole 1-1} in. Umbels many-fid.; peduncle longer than the petiole, and pedicels hairy. Sepals ovate, glabrous. Corona concealing the sessile column, the large lobes elliptic and thickened, smaller membranous. *** Stem twining or suberect. Corolla glabrous or pubescent. Corona with processes on its inner face (sometimes absent in C. acutum). + Corolla glabrous within. 11. GC. acutum, Linn.; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 60; twining, glabrous or nearly so, leaves narrowed from a broad 3-lobed or hastately cordate base Cynanchum. | XCV. ASCLEPIADES. (J. D. Hooker.) 25 linear or lanceolate acuminate, peduncle long or short, flowers umbelled or corymbose, corolla glabrous, corona variable, follicles long flattened, seeds neon y oblong. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 547. C. longifolium, Martens ; ene. 1. ec. Western Tiszt, alt. 11-15000 ft., Thomson &c.—Disrris. Afghanistan, Central and Western Asia, Mediterranean region to Spain. ' Leaves 1-5 in. long, very variable in width and in the size and spread of the basal lobes which are rounded at the tip and sometimes 14 in. long; petiole 4-13 in. Pedunele equalling or exceeding the petiole, pedicels pubescent. Sepals ovate, usually pubescent. Corolla 3-3 in. diam. ; segments ovate-oblong. Corona sometimes quite simple and cleft deeply into triangular lanceolate erect or spreading simple lobes, sometimes cupular and 5-lobed or with 2-5 subulate lobes, and furnished within with a tongue-shaped process. Amthers sessile, or stalked by the column of filaments. Follictes quite unlike those of its congeners, 4-6 in. long, 3-3 in. diam., thinly coria- ceous, straight or slightly curved, somewhat compressed, hardly turgid, narrowed to a slender point. Seeds + in. long flat, 12. ©. Heydei, Hook. f.; twining, nearly glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate deeply cordate. the lobes incurved often overlapping, sinus long narrow, peduncle slender, flowers corymbose, corolla glabrous, corona campanu- late, mouth with 5 long subulate exserted processes each with a short process at its inner base. Western Trset; Ladak, between Saspo and Kala-tse, Heyde. I have seen only Heyde's specimens, which differ entirely from C. acutwm in the long incurved basal lobes of the leaf and the long teeth of the corona projecting beyond the corolla. 13. CG. Dalhousiz, Wight Contrib. 55; twining, nearly glabrous, leaves elongate linear-lanceolate acuminate base cordate, lobes rounded, peduncles short, flowers umbélled quite glabrous, corona campanulate 5-10-lobed with a low conical process opposite to each lobe near the base within. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 548, Western TemprratTe Himaxaya, from Sirmore to Kumaon, alt. 5-7000 ft. Stem slender, with sometimes a line of hairs. Leaves 3-7 by $-1 in., membranous, basal lobes short rounded pointing backwards, sinus open, nerves very oblique ; petiole 3-2 in. Pedwncles shorter than the petioles; pedicels slender, glabrous or puberulous. Flowers iin. diam., pale green. Sepals ovate. Corona equalling the corolla. +t Corolla pubescent within. 14. CG. auriculatum, Herb. Royle; Wight Contrib. 68; twining, puberulous, leaves broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate acuminate deeply cordate membranous, basal lobes incurved rounded, peduncles long, flowers corymbose, corolla pubescent within, corona short cupular deeply 5-lobed, lobes oblong . obtuse with adnate fleshy processes on their inner faces. Endotropis auriculata, Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 546. Temperate Himatava; from Kashmir to Sikkim, alt. 6-12000 ft. Leaves usually large, 4-6 by 24-34 in., very membranous, basal lobes sometimes meeting or overlapping; petiole 1-2 in. Peduncles 2-4 in., often stout; pedicels ‘slender; flowers numerous, yellow, 3-2 in. diam. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla- segments linear-oblong or lanceolate. odlicles 4 by 4 in., straight. Seeds 3 in. long, flat, fask-shaped with a crenulate broader end.—Nearly allied to C. Wilfordi, Maxim. (E. caudata, Miguel; Symphyoglossum hastatum, Turezan. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose, 1848, i. 255), of China and Japan, which has smaller flowers. 15, G. Roylei, Wight Contrib. 58; suberect, softly pubescent, leaves 26 XC, ASCLEPIADEE. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cynanchum. small deltoid-ovate or -lanceolate from a broadly cordate base, finely acuminate, sinus open, peduncles very long, flowers corymbose, corolla pubescent, corona short 5-lobed lobes rounded with a tubercle on their inner faces, Endotropis Roylei, Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 547. Western Himaraya; Kunawur, Royle, Jacquemont, &c. A span to a foot high, branches flexuous. Leaves 1-14 in., pubescent on both surfaces; petiole }-} in. Peduneles sometimes twice as long as the leaves, pedicels slender; flowers numerous, }-} in. diam. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla pubescent within and without. follicles 2 in. long, fusiform, turgid, puberulous. Seeds 3 in. long, orbicular-obovate, flat. 16. ©. Sacquemontianum, Dene. in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 106, t. 112; nearly glabrous, suberect, much branched, leaves small lanceolate from a broadly cordate base finely acuminate, sinus open, peduncles very long, flowers corymbose, corolla pubescent within only, corona equalling the corolla 5-cleft, lobes subulate-lanceolate entire or cleft with a small flat process below them. C. humile, Herb. Falconer, Endotropis Jacquemontii, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii, 547, Western Himatarya; Kashmir, Falconer, Jacquemont. A span to 2 ft. high. Branches slender, spreading, or erect from a woody stock. Leaves 1-1} by }-2 in., sometimes faintly puberulous; petiole }-4 in. Peduncles sometimes twice as long as the leaves; pedicels sleuder; flowers numerous, 3-3 in. diam. Sepals ovate. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, C. Heyneana, Roem. § Sch. Syst. vi. 101; Dene.in DC. Prodr. viii. 549. Periploca reticulata, Roth. mss.—May be C. Callialata. ' C. pepuncutatum, Thunb. Obs. in Cynanch. 5; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 548, from Ceylon is undeterminable. C. tomentosum, Lamk., is probably Tylophora asthmatica, according to Wight (Contrib. 51, in note). 27. SARCOSTEMMA, Pr. Trailing leafless jointed shrubs with pendulous branches. Cymes terminal or at the nodes, umbelliform ; peduncle clavate. Flowers small. Calyx 5-fid. Corolla rotate, 5-fid; lobes broad, overlapping to the right. Corona cup- shaped, membranous, adnate to the base of the column, 10-crenate or -lobed, the lobes opposite the stamens bearing large fleshy processes which are adnate to the backs of the anthers. Column short ; anther-tip inflexed ; pollen-masses one in each cell, pendulous, slender, waxy. Stigma conical or shortly fusiform. Follicles smooth. Seeds comose.—Disrris. Species 5 or 6; Asiatic, African, and Australian. : Iam unable to determine the described species of this genus from dried specimens. There are probably differences in the fruit and seeds between the four supposed Indian ones, but I have no sufficieut materials to verify this, and those may be reduced to two. 1. S. brevistigma, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 59; umbels terminal, flowers whitish, column very short, inner processes of the corona almost concealing the anthers, stigma very shortly conical, follicles slightly diverging thinly coriaceous narrowed to the base. Wight Ic. t. 595; ? Wall. Cat. 8288; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 149; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 538, and in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 107, t. 113. Asclepias acida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl, Ind. ii. 31. A. aphylla, Rovb. mss. Sareostemma.] xcv. ascLepiapex. (J. D. Hooker.) 27 Deccan Peninsvza; not uncommon in dry rocky places. Burma, Wallich. Stem as thick as a goose-quill, green; joints 4-6 in. long. Uzmbels sessile, 1-1} in, diam., many-fid. ; pedicels 4 in., puberulous, Sepals small, ovate. Corolla } in. diam., pale greenish-white; lobes ovate or oblong, obtuse. Corona and column to- gether rounded, very obtuse. Follicles 4-5 by % in, thinly coriaceous, tip fine straight. Seeds flattened, 3-4 in. long, ovate. 2.8. Brunonianum, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 59; umbels chiefly lateral, flowers yellow, column very short, inner processes of corona almost concealing the anthers, stigma very shortly conical, follicles as in S. brevistigma. Wight Ie. t. 1282; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 588; Bot. Mag. t. 6002. Deccan Peninsvta, ascending to 4000 ft. in the Nilgherries, Cxryton. Apparently more slender than S. brevistigma, with smaller, chiefly lateral, umbels of bright yellow Howers. 3. S. intermedium, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 588; umbels terminal and axillary, flowers white, column ovoid, inner processes of corona oblong subacute, stigma fusiform simple or 2-fid, follicles broad at the base narrowed to the tip thinly coriaceous. S. viminale, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 59; Wight Ze. t. 1281; ? Wall. Cat. 8232, not of Brown. Deccan Penrnsvta, in arid jungles. The elongate column, narrower dorsal processes of the anthers and longer stigma are the characters of this. The follicles when in pairs spread but do not divaricate as in the following. 4. S. Stocksii, Hook. f.; umbels terminal, column very short, inner processes of corona almost concealing the anthers, stigma very shortly conical, follicles short spreading horizontally poinard-shaped nearly cylindric subacute hard thickly coriaceous. S. brachystigma (by error for brevistigma), Hook. Ic. Fi, t. 861. Scrnp, Stocks. Apparently a much more robust plant than any of the preceding, with the flowers of S. brevistigma, but widely different follicles, which are 24-33 in. long, rigid, almost woody, cylindric-but tapering very gradually from the base to the straight stout point; peduncle very short and thick; the seeds are nearly 3 in. long, linear-oblong, thicker than in its congeners. Trize4. MARSDENIEZ. 28. SARCOLOBUS, Zr. Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, crowded in axillary corymbiform cymes. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla .sub-campanulate ; lobes 5, ovate, overlapping to the right. Corona 0. Column very short; anthers broad, tip inflexed; pollen-masses one in each cell, erect, waxy, elongate, with long twisted pedicels. Stiyma flat. Follicles thick, fleshy, globose and smooth, or oblong and 2-keeled. Seeds large, coma 0.—Distrip. Species 2-3 ; Malayan and E. Asiatic. 1. S. globosus, Wail. in Asiat. Research. xii. 568, t. 4, and Cat. 4468; leaves 3-4 in. oblong or ovate acuminate or obtuse and apiculate, corolla-lobes pubescent within, fruit large globose. Wight Contrib. 47, and Ic. t. 1278; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 625. 8. carinatus, Griff. Notul. iv. 58, and in Ie, PI, Asiat. t. 410 (not of Wail.). SunpERBUNDS and eastwards to Meravr, Maracca and the Nicopar Iszanvs. 28 xov. ascreprapez. (J. D. Hooker.) [Sarcolobus. Branches stout. Leaves brown when dry, thinly coriaceous, nerves arched, base usually rounded ; petiole $-1 in., slender. Peduneles and pedicels very short. Sepals oblong, obtuse. Corolla. 4-4 in. diam., pale purple within, lobes obtuse. Anthers very broad, shortly stipitate. Fruit globose, 4 in. diam.; pericarp very thick, brown. Seeds 2 in. long, broadly ovate, flat with a thick raised border, dark brown. 2. S. carinatus, Wail. in Asiat. Research. xii. 570, t. 5, and Cat. 4467; leaves 1-2 in. elliptic obovate lanceolate or linear-oblong obtuse or acute, corolla nearly glabrous within, fruit small ellipsoid. Wight Contrib. 47; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 625, Sarcolobus sp., Griff. Notul. iv. 55, and Ic. Pl. Asiat, t. 405. SunpERBUNDS and eastwards to Murcur and the Anpaman Istanps. A much smaller plant than S. globosus, more slender, with smaller narrower leaves very rarely 8 in. long, thicker in texture, the nerves very obscure, petiole $-} in., corolla smaller, yellow, with lines of brown dots; anthers sessile. Frwi¢ 3 in, curved, turgid, beaked, with several narrow undulate keels, pale yellow, fleshy. Sceds } in., like those of S. globosus, 29. PENTASACME, Wail. Pendulous tufted glabrous herbs, with simple stems. Leaves opposite, sub- sessile, membranous, narrow. lowers long, yellowish, in sessile axillary umbelliform cymes; pedicels filiform. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla-tube short, campanulate ; lobes long, caudate, twisted, overlapping to the right. Coronal- scales 5, on the corolla-tube, entire or toothed. Column very short ; anther-tips membranous ; pollen-masses one in each cell, pedicelled, erect, ovoid, waxy, tips pellucid. Stigma included, conical or beaked. Follicles very slender, terete, straight, smooth. Seeds comose,—Disrris. Species 3-4; Indian and Chinese. 1. P. caudatum, Wall. Cat. 8234; very slender, leaves linear-lanceolate caudate-acuminate, corolla-lobes triangular at the base suddenly ending in long almost filiform tails, Waght Contrib. 60; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 627. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., common. Patkoi Mts, in Uppar Assam, Griffith, Prov, McClelland, Kurz. Densely tufted, flaccid, stems 12-18 in., rarely forked, leafy throughout their length. Lvaves 2-3 by 4-2 in., thin, bright green, nerves obscure. Flowers $ in. long, longer than the capillary pedicels. Sepads subulate. Corolla-lobes with obtuse tips; coronal-seales 4-fid. Anther-tips obtuse. Stigma obtuse. Follicles 23-3 in., with long slender points. Seeds 3; in. long, ovate, flat, red-brown. 2. P. Wallichii, Wight Contrib. 60 ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate acuminate base acute, corolla-lobes gradually narrowed to the long obtuse tip. Wall. Cat. 8235 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii, 627 ; Deless. Ic. Sel. v. t. 87. Western Himaraya; Kumaon, alt. 3500 ft., Madden : ich. Misamre Mrs., Griffith. , ‘ : BS epee Habit of P. caudatum, but stems stouter; leaves 2-3 by 3-1} in., nerves beneath distinct, setulose ; flowers much longer, with broader corolla-lobes ; coronal-scales minute; anthers acuminate; stigma shortly beaked; follicles rather. stouter ;- seeds much the same, 30. GYMNEMA, Zr. Twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers small, in crowded umbelliform cymes. Calyz 5-partite. Corolla subrotate, campanulate or urceolate ; lobes thick, twisted, subvalvate or narrowly overlapping to the right, Corona 0, or of 5 fleshy processes adnate to the corolla-throat or tube, Gymnema. ] XCV. ASCLEPIADEEZ, (J. D. Hooker.) 29 Column short ; anther-tips small, membranous ; pollen-masses one in each cell ovoid-oblong, waxy, pedicelled, erect. Stigma large, conical, clavate or capitate exserted. Follicles slender or turgid, terete, smooth, acuminate. Seeds comose —Disteis. Species 25; Asiatic, African, and Australian. 7 a _* Corolla-tube short, with fleshy coronal processes on the throat, the free points of which (except in rotundatum)y protrude above the sinus, and are produced downwards on the tube as double villous ridges. Bracts obsolete. 1. G. sylvestre, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 33; branches slender and petioles cymes and sepals finely closely pubescent, leaves 1-2} in. elliptic or obovate acute rarely cordate glabrous or puberulous beneath, cymes small 2-nate peduneled nearly flat, corolla 3 in. dim, lobes glabrous, follicles slender glabrous, seeds narrow. Wight Contrib. 44, and Ic. t. 849; Wall. Cat.8184 A; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 151; Grak. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 120; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 621. G. melicida, Edgew. Banda Fl. 50. Periploca sylvestris, Willd. Sp. Pl. i. 1252, Asclepias geminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 45, Banpa, Edgeworth. Dxrccan Peninsvta; from the Concan to Travancore.— Disreis. Trop. Africa. A stout large woody climber. Leaves rarely pubescent above, thinly coriaceous; petiole slender or stout, 3-3 in. Cymes } in. diam., subglobose, pedicels slender. Corolla-lobes short. Follicles 2-3 by 3 in., terete, rigid. Seeds 4 in. long, narrowly ovoid-oblong, flat with a broad thin wing, pale brown.—The leaves in Wight’s figure are unusually large. Var. ceylanica ; leaves ovate base cordate softly pubescent on both surfaces. G. sylvestre, var. Decaisneana, Thw. Enum. 197, excl. syn.—Ceylon, ascending to 3000 ft. 2. G. hirsutum, Wight § Arn. Contrib, 44; branches petioles leaves on both surfaces and cymes densely softly pubescent, leaves 14-24 in. broadly ovate or cordate acute or acuminate, cymes 2-nate subsessile few- or many-fld., corolla ; in. diam., lobes thick ciliolate, follicles slender glabrous. Wight Ic. t. 1272; Wall. Cat. 8185; Dene, in DC. Prodr, viii. 622. G. Decaisneanum, Wight Ic. t. 1271. Benar; at Rotas, J. D. H.; Nilgherry Mts., Wight, &c. Much stouter than G. sylvestre, with broader more ovate and cordate leaves softly pubescent on both surfaces with shorter thicker petioles, and much larger flowers, in more sessile cymes with shorter thicker pedicels.—The Behar specimen is in fruit only and may belong to G. sylvestre, though the leaves are pubescent on both surfaces. I have seen no ripe seeds of the Nilgherry plants, In Wight’s figure of G. Decaisneana, the leaves are glabrous above, which is opposed to his description and specimens. The distinctions he indicates between this and hirsutwm do not exist. 3. G. molle, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 45, and Cat. 8186 ; branches petioles leaves beneath and cymes finely pubescent, leaves ovate oblong or cordate acute or acuminate, cymes subsessile dense-fld., corolla 2 in. diam. lobes ciliate, follicles woody broad turgid below the middle pubescent, seeds ovate. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii, 622. Urrer Burma; Irawaddi, near the Petroleum wells, and at Taong-dong, Waillich. A stout climber. Leaves very variable, some 2-23 by 1-14 in., others 3 in. and as broad, deeply cordate, above glabrous or puberulous; petiole slender, 3-3 in. Cymes small, irregular. Sepals hirsute. Corolla-lobes thickened, glabrous. Follicles 23-8 in., 3-1 in. broad at the thickest part. Seeds 4 in. long, very different from those of the preceding species.—This is very near the Chinese G. affine, Dene. (G. parviflorum, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 50), which has broad seeds and similar follicles, but the: flowers are larger. Though Upper Burma is beyond British India, the species is so likely to be found in the latter that I (as in like instances) introduce it. 30 xoy. aSCLEPrADER. (J. D. Hooker.) [Gymnema. 4, G@. acuminatum, Wail. Tent. Fl. Nep. 50; Cat. 8187 ; branches stout, petioles leaves beneath cymes and sepals densely tomentose, leaves 3-6 in. coriaceous ovate acuminate, cymes peduncled globose, corolla 4 in. diam. lobes labrous not ciliate, follicles turgid ovoid beaked woody, seeds large elliptic biondly winged. Wight Contrib. 45; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 622. Cynanchum acuminatum, Herb. Ham. Asclepias acuminata, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 21, and Fi. Ind. ii. 55. East Bencat, Griffith. Strut and Tenasserm, Wallich. Currtacone, Roxburgh. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay. y A large climbing shrub, bark of old wood spongy and split (Roxburgh). Leaves coriaceous, rather shining above; petiole 4-1 in. Calyx villous. Follécles 3 in. long, base cordate, thickly woody, narrowed into a stout beak, glabrous. Seeds 3 in. long, flat, wing broad membranous. 5. G. latifolium, Wall. in Wight. Contrib. 45, and Cat. 8188; branches stout petioles leaf-nerves beneath cymes and sepals finely pubescent, leaves large orbicular acute or cuspidate, cymes 2-nate peduncled very many-fid. globose, pedicels slender, corolla-lobes ciliolate thickened and puberulous, follicles slender punctate, seeds narrow. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 628. Sicuer; Burma, at Trogla and the Saluen river, Wailich. Leaves 4-5 in. long and nearly as broad, base rounded or subacute, glabrous above except the puberulous midrib, pale beneath; nerves spreading; petiole 3-3 in. Cymes 4-1 in, diam.; peduncle }-} in.; pedicels very slender. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla 3, in. diam. Follicles 8 in. long, thinly coriaceous. Seeds as in G. sylvestre. 6. G. glabrum, Wight Contrib. 45; branches stout and petioles leaf- nerves beneath and cymes and sepals finely pubescent, leaves large broadly ovate or oblong acuminate, cymes 2-nate peduncled globose many-tid., pedicels slender, corolla very minute, lobes glabrous not ciliate thickened, follicles fusi- form. Wall. Cat. 8189; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 623. ' Burma ; at Taong-dong, Wallich. Very similar in foliage to G. latifolium, but the leaves are hardly so rounded and the petioles 1-14 in. long; the flowers —J in. diam., and the follicles are lanceolate is ae 4 by 1 in., thinly woody, glabrous, smooth; the seeds broadly ovate } in. ong, flat. 7. @. rotundatum, Thwaites Enum. 197; branches petioles leaves beneath cymes and sepals tomentose, leaves long-petioled rounded-ovate obtusely acuminate subpilose above, petiole glandular, cymes 2-nate peduncled densely many-fld., sepals rounded, corolla-lobes not ciliate quite glabrous, coronal pro- cesses wholly below the sinus. | ‘. Cryton ; central province, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites: J have seen but one specimen; it differs from G. latifolium chiefly in the longer petioles, 1-1} in. and peduncles. The fruit is wanting to tell its affinity. It differs “ae all others of this section in the coronal processes having no free points between e sinus. 8. G. lactiferum, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 33; branches petioles and nerves beneath glabrous or puberulous, leaves ovate oblong or lanceolate acumi- nate point often long, cymes peduncled and broadly oblong or rounded, sepals glabrous or sparsely hairy, corolla 3 in. diam. lobes short ciliolate glabrous, Wight Contrib. 44; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 622. Kuasta Mrs., Matay Prinsura, and Ceyton.—Distrin. Sumatra, Borneo. A stout climber. Leaves 2-4 by 3-13 in., coriaceous, brown when dry; nerves Gymnema.] XCV. ASCLEPIADES, (J. D. Hooker.) 31 3-4 pairs, very oblique; petiole slender, 3-2 in. Cymes few or many-fid., peduncle shorter than the petiole, flowers subglobose, 3 in. diam. Follicles not seen. Var. 1. lactiferum proper; branches pubescent, leaves glabrous on both surfaces, sepals nearly glabrous. G. lactifernm, Br. lc, G. zeylanicum, Dene. in DC. Prodr. yili. 622. Asclepias lactifera, Linn.—Ceylon. Var. 2. nitens; branches glabrous, leaves glabrous or the midrib and nerves beneath pubescent, sepals glabrous or sparsely hairy. G. nitens, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 149, t. 29; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 498. G. malayanum, Griff. Notul. iv. 56, and Ie. Pl. Asiat. t. 394.—Malay Peninsula from Mergui to Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo. Var. 3. khasiana ; branches and nerves of leaf beneath pubescent, leaves often lanceolate—Khasia Mts. at Churra, J. D. H. § T. T. Var. 4. Thwaitesii; leaves softly pubescent beneath, sepals membranous pubes- cent.—Ceylon, Zhwaites (N. 2549). This resembles G. sy/vestre and acuminatum, but the flowers are larger and the calvx is very different. : Var. 4? Walkeri; branches and leaves quite glabrous, cymes sessile puberulous, sepals puberulous membranous.—Ceylon, Walker. , 9. G. Maingayi, Hook. f.; branches slender petioles leaves beneath cymes and sepals softly. finely pubescent, leaves smal] ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate few-nerved, cymes sub-sessile, flowers few minute, corolla-lobes not ciliate. Matacca, Maingay (Kew. Distrib. 1111). Leaves 1-2 in. and branches bright yellow-brown when dry, nerves 2-3 pairs; petiole 4-} in. Pedicels slender, 4-4 in., bracts most minute. Sepals oblong. Corolla glabrous, 3 in. diam., lobes rather narrow.—This resembles a good deal G. affine of China and G. sylvestre, but the cymes are sessile and leaves much smaller. ** Corolla-tube with double villous (rarely glabrous) ridges below the sinuses, not produced into fleshy points (see also G. rotundatum). BxpaRia, Dene. + Corolla-tube short, broad, hardly exceeding the linear-oblong sepals ; corenal-processes large. 10. G. tingens, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 45 ; glabrous or nearly so, leaves membranous broadly ovate usually cordate acute acuminate or caudate, petiole 1-1} in., cymes 4-6 in. corymbose at length racemose, peduncle shorter than the petioles, sepals glabrate, corolla-lobes glabrous broadly ovate or oblong. Wall. Cat. 8190. G. tingens var. cordifolia, Wight Ic. t. 593. Bidaria tingens, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 623, partly. Asclepias tingens, Rorb. Hort. Beng. 21, and FU. Ind. ii. 53. TroprcaL Himaraya, from Kumaon to Sikkim; Assam; “1raer; Lower Brncar at, Monghyr; Pzev and Travancore; Annamallay hills, alt. 4000 ft. Beddome. An extensive climber; branches soft, not woody. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., bright green; nerves 4-6 pairs. Cymes many-fid., elongating into a spiral raceme ; bracts oblong; pedicels rather exceeding the peduncles; flowers 3 in. diam., pale yellow. “Follicles 4 by 1 in. ovate-lanceolate, spreading, smooth fleshy” (Roxb.).—The western localities for this plant are doubtful, a specimen from Royle’s Herb. is labelled by Faleoner “Kharia Pass,” another from Vicary ‘‘Gomulepore.” The Annamallay speci- men is indistinguishable and suggests the probability of this and G. montanum being forms of one species, 11. @ montanum, Hook. f.; glabrous or nearly so. Leaves 4-5 in. large coriaceous oblong or ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse acute or acuminate, petiole 4-4 in., cymes corymbose at length racemose, peduncle shorter than the petiole, sepals ciliate glabrate, corolla-lobes oblong.—G. tingens var. ovalifolia, Wight Ic. t. 692. Bidaria tingens, Dene. m DC. Prodr: 32 xcv. ascueprapE#. (J. D. Hooker.) [Gymnema. viii, 628, partly. B. elegans, Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 151. ? Asclepias mon- tana, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 46. Deccan Pentnsura, from the Concan Southwards, on the Ghats. This may, as Wight suggests, be a variety of G. tingens, but I find no intermediate forms ; it differs in the shape and coriaceous nature of the leaves, their short petioles, and in the shorter peduncles. I have seen no fruit. There appear to be three forms of it. Var. 1. Leaves usually ovate, petiole short, cymes many-fid., corolla glabrous.— The Concan. ; Var. 2. Beddomei; leaves more oblong or oblong-lanceolate, petiole 3-3 in., cymes few-fid., flowers larger, corolla glabrous.—Annamallay hills, alt. 5000 ft. Beddome. Var. 3. pubiflora ; leaves of var 2., cymes few-fid., corolla pubescent externally.— Nilgherry hills at Nedawullum, alt. 7000 ft., Wight, Clarke. Clarke’s specimens have longer peduncles and petioles and densely pubescent cymes. 12. G. elegans, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 46; glabrous or shoots and cymes puberulous, leaves 2-4 in. membranous ovate-cordate acute or acuminate, cymes few-fid., peduncles slender shorter than the petioles, sepals ciliate, gla- brate, corolla-lobes obovate-oblong. Wight Ic. t. 880; Wall. Cat. 8191. Bidaria elegans, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 623. Deccan Peninsvta ; hills of the South Carnatic from the Nilgherries to Travancore, Wight, &c. : Much smaller and more delicate than G. tingens, with smaller leaves, more slender petioles and pedicels. Follicles 23-3 by } in., narrowly lanceolate, glabrous, straight. Seeds 3 in. long, ovate, with a broad border—As Wight well remarks, it is difficult to distinguish this from G. téagens except by habit, size, and the few-fld. cymes. tt Corolla-tube much exceeding the sepals; coronal-processes elongate, nearer to the base than to the lobes, often faint and glabrous. 18. G. pergularioides, Wight § Gardner mss.; branches very slender and petioles and cymes puberulous, leaves membranous elliptic- or oblong- lanceolate caudate-acuminate base rounded or acute, peduncles equalling the petioles, pedicels very short, corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate. Bidaria pergula- rioides, Thwaites Enum. 198? Cynanchum cuspidatum, Thunb. Obs. in Cynanch. 5; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 548. Cryton, Walker, Gardner, &c. Leaves very variable, 1-6 by 3-2 in., nerves arching or very oblique; petiole 1-3 in. slender. Cymes dense-fid.; flowers almost capitate. Sepads broadly oblong, not half as Jong as the corolla-tube, which is 4 in. and as long as the lobes. Corolla-tube yellow, tinged with red, 3 in. long, ‘ Follicles 5-6 in. long, } in. broad, linear-lan- ceolate, much attenuate, puberulous, at length glabrate,” Thwaites. Var. Gardneri, Thwaites l.c.; leaves smaller 1-1} in. elliptic-lanceolate more coriaceous, follicles shorter. : 14, G. stenoloba, Hook. f.; glabrous or nearly so, leaves membranous lanceolate acuminate, cymes few-fld., peduncles equalling the petioles, pedicels short, corolla-lobes linear, stigma bifid. Certon, Walker. Closely allied to G, pergularioides, but the cymes are few-fid., the flowers much larger, the corolla-tube 3 in. long, the lobes narrowly linear, the column much longer and more slender and the stigma 2-fid. The follicles answer to the description of those of G. pergularioides, but are quite glabrous. 16. G.? Thomsoni, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves linear-lanceolate coriaceous, cymes simple or branched long-peduncled, pedicels long, corolla~ Gymnema. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 33 lobes linear with reflexed margins, anthers with membranous margins and a membranous ligule behind and below the inflexed tip, stigma broadly turbinate. Sixx Hiwataya, alt. 5-6000 ft., Thomson. Stems slender. Leaves 3-6 by 3-33 in., base acute or narrowly rounded; nerves oblique, very faint ; petiole stout, }-3 in. Peduncle 3-1} in., rather slender; flowers umbelled, pedicels twice or thrice as long as the corolla-tube. Sepals very small, broadly oblong. Corolla-tube 2 in.; lobes as long, spreading, thick—A very remark- able plant, resembling G. stenoloba, but differing totally in the texture of the leaves, the reflexed margins of the corolla-lobes and especially in the winged anthers with a membranous ligule behind the tip and parallel to it. It is probably a new genus, but, without the fruit, I do not venture to propose it as such. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. Brparia rnopora, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 624. ‘From sandy places near Pondi- cherry (Cynanchum inodorum vy. Ganosma inodora, Lour. Fl. Coch. 166). A climber with fistular glabrous stems, leaves rounded-ovate or -lanceolate quite glabrous base rounded or cordate, petiole slender, peduncles short, pedicels longer, flowers puberu- lous, tube hairy within, stigma conical emarginate exceeding the anthers” (Dene. J.c.). I have no idea what this is; it is probably a very common plant. 31. GONGRONEMA, Dene. Glabrous twining shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Cymes various, axillary; flowers small. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla urceolate subrotate or broadly campanulate, lobes narrowly overlapping to the right. Column short; coronal scales adnate to the bases of the anthers or 0. Anther-tips inflexed, concealing the stigma; pollen-masses solitary in each cell, ovoid, waxy, erect; stigma convex clavate or conical. Follicles acuminate. Seeds comose. DisTRIB. Species about 10; Asiatic, African, and Australian. * Corolla nearly rotate, tube short. : 1. G. nepalense, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 624; glabrous or cymes puberulous, leaves large oblong or ovate acuminate base rounded or cordate, cymes very long-peduncled bracteate, corolla-tube short open, lobes ovate, coronal process small recurved or obsolete. Gymnema nepalense, Wall. Tent. Fi. Nep. 50, t. 38, the left-hand leaf only, and Cat. 8192; Waght Contrib. 46. Suprroricat Himaraya; from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ft. Kasia Mrs., alt. 83-5000 ft. An extensive twiner, shoots and cymes puberulous. Leaves 3-6 by 1}-3$ in., membranous, nerves arching; petiole 1-2 in. Peduncle 2-6 in., generally branching into 3 long divaricate arms, each bearing three many-fid. umbels, pedicels short. Sepals ovate. Corolla } in. diam., yellow. Follicles slender, 24-3 by ¢ in. Var. sagittatum; leaves linear-oblong base rounded or cordate. G. sagittatum, Dene.i.c. Gymnema sagittatum, Wall. Cat. 8194 ; Wight Contrib. 46. G. nepalense, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. t. 38 (except the left-hand cordate leaf). G. columnare, Wall. Cat. 8198; Wight § Arn. lc. Gongronema columnare, Dene. t.c.—Silhet, Assam, and ‘Chittagong. Except the narrower leaves and usually shorter peduncles I can find no difference between G. sagittatum and nepalense. ‘The processes at the base of the column vary very much. ** Corolla-tube inflated, equalling or exceeding the lobes in length. 2. G. Wallichii, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 624; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic-oblong or -lanceolate acute or acuminate, cymes subsessile few-fid., corolla-tube hairy within lobes short ovate. Gymnema Wallichii, Wight Contrib. 46; Wail. Cat. 8195 A. VOL. IV. D 34 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J.D. Hooker.) [Gongronema. Maxacca (? Finlayson), Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib, 11 13). : Leaves 3-6 by 1-2 in., firmly membranous; nerves 5-6 pairs, arched ; petiole 3-3 in. Cymes small; pedicels very unequal. Sepals small, oblong. Corolla ¢ in. diam., lobes spreading. Coronal-scales broad, recurved, apparently confluent with the anther-base. Anther-tips large, exserted. FFollicles 6 by 4 in., gently curved. from base to tip, smooth. Seeds 4 in. oblong, wing broad recurved.—Finlayson’s: specimens in Herb. Wallich have no locality given. 3. G. ventricosum, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves coriaceous ovate or ovate-lanceolate obtusely caudate-acuminate, cymes subsessile few-fid., corolla-tube glabrous within, lobes as long linear with recurved margins, Kaasia Mrs, (Herb. Calcutta). Leaves 8 by 1-14 in.; nerves 2-8 pairs, very prominent beneath, strongly inarch- ing far within the margin; petiole stout, 2-$ in. Flowers very shortly pedicelled. Sepals very small. Corolla} in. long. Coronai-scales broad, recurved. Pollen-masses smaller than the corpuscle.—In form of corolla this a good deal resembles Gymnema Thomsoni. 1 have seen only a solitary indifferent specimen of this plant. G.? Fixtaysonm, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 625 (Gymnema Finlaysonii, Wight Contrib. 46 ; Wall. Cat.), is probably, like most of Finlayson’s plants, from Siam. It is glabrous with ovate-cordate leaves, and has peduncled cymes of large flowers 3-4 in. diam. The pollen-masses have long spiral pedicels. 32. MARSDENIA, Br. ‘ Twining, rarely erect, shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite. Cymes umbelliform, simple or branched, terminal or axillary ; flowers medium-sized or small. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla campanulate or urceolate or salver-shaped, lobes narrow or broad, overlapping to the right. Coronal scales 5, usually subulate flattened (or 0), adnate to the anthers dorsally, erect. Column short; anthers with an inflexed tip; pollen-masses pedicelled, oblong or ovoid, waxy, erect. Stigma flat convex or beaked, sometimes very long. Follicles lanceolate- or poniard-shaped. Seeds comose.—Distrrs. Species about 50; chiefly tropical or subtropical, with one S. European. A heterogeneous assemblage, amongst which perhaps M. tinctoria, eriocarpa, and thyrsoidea should form one natural genus, and the remainder a second. M. thyrsoidea is very remarkable in wanting the coronal scales. Szcr. I. Bumarsdenia. Flowers small. Corolla cylindric, shortly 5-cleft, mouth closed with a brush of short hairs. Column minute; anther- tips and coronal scales very short. Stigma truncate. 1. M. tinetoria, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 30; nearly glabrous, leaves. ovate or cordate acuminate or caudate, flowers in dense thyrsoid or rounded panicles, coronal scales subulate longer and narrower than the anther-tip, follicles finely pubescent. Wight Contrib. 40, and Ic. t. 589; Wail. Cat. 8173; Griff. Notul. iv. 52, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 389; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 119; Brand. For. Fil. 332; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 201; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 615 excl. syn. of Rheede. M. monostachya, Wall. mss. Asclepias tinctoria, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fi. Ind. ii. 48. Pergularia tinctoria, Spreny. Syst. i. 844. P. parviflora, Blume Bid. 1056. Cynanchum tingens, Herb. Ham. Sm Himaraya, alt. 2-3000 ft. Assam, Smuert, Kuasta Mrs., and Brema at aoe eleek (cultivated in the Deccan and elsewhere in India).—Distris. Sumatra, Java, China. ‘ Marsdenia. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 35 A tall climber; stem stout, smooth, glabrous or finely pubescent, as are the _ petioles, sometimes the leaves below, and cymes. Leaves 3-9 by 1-3 in., nerves spreading, glandular above at the petiole; petiole 1-2 in. Cymes short- or long- peduncled, rounded and 4-1 in. diam. or elongate 8-6 in. long, thyrsoid, formed of interrupted clusters; pedicels short. Sepals ovate, pubescent. Corolla 4, in. long, yellow, fleshy, glabrous externally ; tube with deflexed hairs within. Follicles. 3 in. long, 4 in. diam., narrowed at the base. Seeds narrowly ovoid, $-% in. long.—In the absence of any description or figure of the follicles, or of authentic specimens in fruit of the Sumatran plant on which the genus was founded, I am in doubt whether this or the following is the true M. dinctoria. The flowers are often deformed, very large, and the column is often replaced by rudimentary leaves. Decaisne erroneously quotes Rheede’s Kada Kodi (Hort. Mal. ix. 72, t. 8) for this plant. 2. M. eriocarpa, Hook. f.; foliage of M. tinctoria, follicles shorter broader turgid at the base softly villous with long spreading hairs, seeds broadly ovate. ; Srunet, Herb. Wallich (Asclep. 145 A). Assam, Masters. Wallich on the ticket of his specimen (which has no Catalogue number) says of this ‘‘ Marsdenia, tinctoriz affinis, sed differt; E. Sylhet, introd. in H.B. Cale. Feb. 1840.” Brandis describes the pod of M. tinctoria as “covered with long soft hairs,” whence he probably has assumed that this is referable to M. tinctoria, and, if so, the plant I have described under that name must be named afresh. A reference to Marsden’s.Sumatran plant can alone solve the difficulty. Srct. I]. Macrocentrum. Flowers larger. Corolla suhcampanulate; tube short, globose or subcylindric; lobes large, fleshy, spreading, and throat glabrous or villous. Staminal column large, filling the tube; coronal scales usually large, often exceeding the anther-tip. * Stigma not extended beyond the anthers. 3. MZ. Roylei, Wight Contrib. 40; branches petioles leaves beneath and cymes finely pubescent or tomentose, leaves ovate-cordate acuminate, cymes corymbose, corolla-lobes pubescent without villous within, coronal scales slender subulate far exceeding the short anther-tips. Brand. For. Fi. 383; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 615. Eastern and Western Himataya; from Simla to Kumaon, ascending to 5000 ft. Srxxm, alt. 4000 ft., Clarke. Leaves 3-6 by'2-4 in., often velvety beneath ; petiole 13-2 in. Cymes 1-1} in. diam. Corollai-}in.diam. Stigma dome-shaped. Follicles turgid, 3 in. long 1-14 diam., straight, beaked, pericarp thick transversely rugose puberulous. Seeds $ in. long. . 4. M. tenacissima, Wight & Arn. Contrib. 41; branches petioles leaves beneath and cymes velvety or tomentose, leaves broadly ovate base cordately 2-lobed acuminate, corolla-lobes pubescent without glabrous within, coronal scales coriaceous subulate hardly exceeding the ovate anther-tip. Wight Ic. t. 590; Wall. Cat, 8176 ; Brand. For, Fl. 333; Kurz For, Fi. ii. 201; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 616. Asclepias tenacissima, Roxb. Cor. Pl. iii. 35, t. 240, and Fi. Ind. ii.31. A. tomentosa and A. echinata, Herb. Madr, Gym- nema tenacissima, Spreng. Syst. i. 844. Western Himaraya; Kumaon, ascending to 4500 ft. Norruzrn Oupu, Thomson. Bencat; Rajmahal hills, Rorburgh. Cuirracone, Wallich. Ava, Kurz. C8yton, hotter parts of the Island, not common, Thwaites.—Disreis. Timor (Miquel). ; Stem very stout. Leavea 4-7 by 3-5 in., often velvety above; petiole 2-3 in- Cymes much corymbosely branched. Corolla } in. diam.; lobes oblong, ciliate Stigma between conical and dome-shaped. ollicles 5-6 in. long by 14-2 in. diam., D2 36 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Marsdenia. lanceolate ; pericarp very thick, longitudinally wrinkled, finely pubescent. Seeds ovate- oblong, 4 in. long.—Pergularia crocea, Zipp. (Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 497), of Java is very closely allied, but the coronal scales are much laterally compressed, project radially, and are 2-keeled towards the base. 5. M. Hamiltonii, Wight Contrib. 41; branches petioles nerves beneath and cymes furfuraceously puberulous, leaves oblong or oblong-ovate obtuse or acute base cordate, cymes corymbosely branched, corolla-lobes glabrous without and within, throat densely villous, coronal scales membranous subulate exceed- ing the anther-tips. Wall. Cat. 8174; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 614. Cynan- chum reticulatum, Herb. Ham. Nortuern Ovnu, Hamilton. Western Hraraya ; Subsewaliks, Edgeworth. Leaves coriaceous, 2-3 by 14-2 in., pale; petiole 4-1 in. Cymes corymbosely branched. Corolla 3, to} in. diam. Stigma quite flat with a central cone. Follicles not seen. 6. M. Brunoniana, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 40; glabrous or cymes and petioles puberulous, leaves orbicular-cordate acuminate membranous, cymes short few-fld. corymbiform, corolla-lobes glabrous within and without, anthers with a double flattened obtuse spur (or fold) at the base, coronal scales ovate acute a little longer than the short anther-tip. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 614; Wight Ic. t. 356, Coromanper; near Cotermala, Wight. Branches and petioles sometimes puberulous. Leaves 4-5 by 3-4 in., base shortly cordate, nerves slender; petiole 1-2 in., slender. Cymes 3-1 in. diam.; peduncle shorter than the petiole. Corolla 3 in. diam., lobes broadly oblong. Stigma broadly conical, 2-toothed. , 7. M. Jenkinsii, Hook. f..; glabrous or puberulous, very stout, leaves broadly elliptic or orbicular cuspidate thickly coriaceous, corolla-tube globose, lobes glabrous without villous within, coronal scales subulate much exceeding the very short anther-tip. Assam, Jenkins (Herb. Calcutta). Branches as thick as the little finger. Leaves 7-10 by 5-7 in., pale beneath; nerves 6-8 pairs, diverging, straight or a little arched ; petiole 2-4 in. Cymes small; peduncle short, very thick ; flowers subumbellate, bracteate; pedicels stout, 1 in. Sepals 4 in., lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla $ in. diam., lobes rounded fleshy. Stigma dome-shaped. ** Stigma protruded far beyond the anthers. 8. M. lucida, Edgew. mss.; branches petioles cymes and leaves beneath finely pubescent, leaves elliptic or ovate acute or obtusely acuminate, cymes corymbiform very shortly peduncled, corolla-lobes ciliate glabrous without sparsely hairy within, coronal scales subulate equalling the anther-tips, style many times longer than the column tip bifid. Brand. For. Fl. 333. Wustern Himaraya; Kumaon, Strack. § Winterb.; Nynetal, alt. 5-7000 ft., Madden. Leaves 4-5 by 2-8 in., rather coriaceous, pale beneath; nerves arched: petiole 1-2 in. Corymbs many-fid.; peduncle stout, 4 in. Corolla 3-2 in. diam. ’Follicles 5 in, long by 1 in. diam., straight, lanceolate ; pericarp thickly coriaceous, glabrous. Seeds % in. long, ovate-lanceolate. 9. M. Griffithii, Hook. f.; glabrous except the puberulous cymes, leaves elliptic obtusely acuminate coriaceous base rounded or cordate, cymes corymbi- form shortly peduncled, corolla-lobes glabrous without sparsely hairy within, Marsdenia.] XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 37 coronal scales small obtuse shorter than the orbicular anther-tips, style as long as the column, tip 2-toothed. M. lucida, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Knuasita Mrs,, alt. 46000 ft. ; at Mungbrea and Myrung, Griffith, H. f. § T: Stem stout. Leaves 3-7 by 14-3} in., pale beneath; nerves slightly arched ; rene 1-13 in. Umbels and flowers greenish yellow, very like M. lucida. Follicles not seen. Sect. III. Microcentrum. Clarke mss. Flowers small. Corolla urceolate or tubular, shortly 5-cleft, glabrous within. -Anthers spurred at the base behind. Stigma exserted, obtuse. 10. M. Calesiana, Wight Contrib. 41; branches petioles and leaves beneath and cymes densely pubescent, leaves broadly ovate-cordate acuminate membranous, cymes much corymbosely branched, corolla sparsely hairy with- out lobes narrow, coronal scales subulate shorter than the long anther-tips. pis Cat. 8175 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 616. Pergularia Calesiana, Herb. Ham. aa ce and Eastern Himataya; Nepal Morung, Hamilton. Sixxim, alt. 2000 ft., arke. : Stem stout. Leaves 4-6 in. long and nearly as broad, pubescent or glabrate above ; petiole 14-3 in., slender. Cymes shortly peduncled, 3 in. diam. Corolla-tube cylindric, 3 in. long; lobes spreading and recurved, thick. Column nearly filling the tube. ; 11. M. thyrsiflora, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous except the puberulous cymes, leaves broadly ovate or oblong- or deltoid-ovate deeply cordate acumi- nate, cymes elongate of clusters of shortly peduncled flowers on a long rachis, corolla urceolate glabrous without and within, lobes lanceolate, coronal scales short rounded wholly adnate to the long subulate anther-tips. M. tinctoria, w part, Herb. H. f. & T. Bencat; in the Jheels, Griffith, J.D. H.g T. T. Assam, Masters. Leaves 4-8 by 2-6 in., membranous ; petiole 1-3 in. Cymes 4-6 in. long; rachis flexuous; pedicels very short. Sepals nearly glabrous, obtuse. Corolla 4-3 in. long ; lobes coriaceous. Anther-tips longer than the column, basal spurs very small. Stigma fusiform. follicles 2 in. long, dagger-shaped, turgid below ; pericarp thinly coriaceous, glabrous. Seeds ovate, 3-} in. long.—So similar to some forms of M. tinctoria in foliage and inflorescence as to be easily mistaken for that plant, The coronal scales may be said to be absent. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, M, roronvirorsa, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 615 ; “ branches thick glabrous ; leaves rounded, obsoletely cordate, glabrous, shortly acuminate; petiole rather long, slender, puberulous; cymes subcontracted, many-fld.; peduncle equalling the petiole ; corolla- lobes ovate-oblong, densely bearded within; coronal scales ovate-deltoid, equalling the column.”—Communicated from the Caleutta Garden to Paris Herb. by Griffith. 38. PERGULARIA, Linn. Twining subglabrous undershrubs. Leaves opposite, ovate-cordate, mem- branous. Cymes subumbelliform. Flowers greenish or yellow, rather large. Calyx 5-partite. Corolla salver-shaped, tube swollen at the base; lobes oblong or linear, overlapping to the right Column rather large; coronal scales large, membranous, adnate to the back of the anthers, erect, flattened dorsally or laterally, acute, simple or transversely bifid (2-lamellate above the middle), pollen-masses one in each cell, subcylindric clavate or globosely obovoid, waxy, erect. Stigma umbonate or capitate, rather longer than the anther-cells. 38 Xcv. ascLEPIADES. (J. D. Hooker.) [Pergularia. Follicles lanceolate, terete, rather turgid. Seeds ovate, concave.— DIsTRIB. Species about 10; Asiatic and African. The excessively sweet-scented P. odoratissima, Smith (Icones Picta, t. 15), is stated to be Indian, but the plant so called by Roxburgh, Wight, &c., is P. minor. Smith’s figure exactly resembles P. pallida, which is nearly scentless. * Pollen-masses elongate-clavate or subcylindric. l. P. pallida, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 42; leaves ovate-cordate acuminate, flowers scarcely fragrant, corolla yellowish white, lobes linear much larger than the tube which is glabrous within, coronal scales with broad points not spurred behind. Wall. Cat. 8181; Wight Ic. t. 585; Brand. For. Fl, 334; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 203; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 619. P. coromandeliana and P. montana, Dene. l.c. Asclepias pallida, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fi. Ind. ii. 48. Tropica Himataya; from Murree ascending to 5000 ft. eastward to Sixxim and southward on the plains to Bompay and Centrat Inpra, Benar and Brrma. Except by the absence of the sweet scent and pale flowers I do not know how this can be distinguished from Smith’s figure and description of P. odoratissima. Follickes in Roxburgh’s figure 6 in. long and 1 broad (13 as drawn partially open), lanceolate. Sceds } in. long, broadly ovate. ** Pollen-masses globosely obovoid or obscurely broadly obconic. 2. P. minor, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 184; leaves orbicular or ovate cordately 2-lobed acuminate, flowers very fragrant yellow or green, corolla-lobes oblong ' about equalling the tube or shorter, tube pubescent above within, coronal scales double inner with along subulate point. Bot. Mag. t. 755. P. odora- tissima, Wight Contrib. 48, and Ic. t. 414. Kurz For, Fi. ii. 203. Asclepias odoratissima, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20; and Fi. Ind. ii. 46; Wail. Cat. 8182; Grah,. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 120. Cultivated or native throughout India, and the Eastern Islands, China and Japan ; native of the Himalaya (Brandis). Tsegai hillsin Ava, Griffith. Though confounded with P. odoratissima, this appears to be perfectly distinct in the smaller flowers and short broad corolla-lobes. Follicles lanceolate, 3 in. long by } in. diam.; pericarp thick, glabrous. Seeds 3 in. long, broadly ovate.—The ‘coronal scales vary excessively in length acuteness and in the comparative length of the outer and inner divisions. 3. P. puberula, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 495; leaves ovate or oblong- ovate acuminate, base rounded -or cordate, sepals broadly ovate, corolla pubes- cent without and within, lobes linear longer than the tube, coronal scales laterally compressed 2-winged dorsally below produced into an inflexed subu- late point exceeding the anthers. Penance, Phillips.— Disraip. Java. Habit of P. patlida, from which the short sepals, pubescent corolla, and laterally much-flattened scales which project far outwards from the column, and the form of the pollen-masses, at once distinguish it. 34. STEPHANOTIS, Thouars. Twining glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, coriaceous. Cymes umbelliform, axillary; flowers large, white. Calyx 5-partite, segments large. Corolla coriaceous, tubular or salver-shaped, tube cylindric, base swollen ; lobes twisted, overlapping to the right. Coronal scales 0 in the Indian species (in others adnate to the anthers, erect, dorsally flattened). Column very short; anthers with, an inflexed tip; pollen-masses one in each cell, erect, waxy, shortly ‘ Stephanotis.] xcv. ascneriapEz. (J. D. Hooker.) 39 pedicelled. Stigma conical or shortly beaked, hardly or not exserted. Follicles very thick, obtuse or acuminate. Seeds comose.—DistRis. Species 14, Mada- gascar, Malay Islds. and China. S. Maingayi, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves broadly ovate-cordate acuminate, cymes on long stout ep aia sepals ea lanceolate acuminate, pas 1 in., lobes lanceolate acuminate, anther-tips long, coronal scales 0. Matacca ; Maingay (Kew distrib. 1112). Branches stout. Leaves 4-6 by 2-3 in., basal sinus acute, nerves about 8 pairs ; petiole 4-1 in. Peduncle 2-3 in., few-fid.; pedicels 1-14 in.; bracts subulate. Sepals = in., acuminate, coriaceous. Corolla-tube with 6 hairy ridges at the base within, lobes about equalling the tube. Column the length of the tube. Anther- tips as long as the rest of the column, obtuse. Stigma capitate. 35. LYGISMA, Hook. f. Gen. Nov. A puberulous slender much diffusely branched twining shrub. Leaves small, opposite, lanceolate. Flowers small, in numerous axillary umbelliform cymes. Sepals ovate, eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped, tube very short, lobes long, linear, waved, obtuse, the lobes overlapping to the right below the middle, the upper half sharply doubled down inwards (buds hence truncate). Corona of minute obtuse appressed teeth at the back of the anthers. Column minute, fleshy, low, cylindric; anthers very short, with small rounded membranous ‘tips; pollen-masses cylindric, clavate, waxy, erect, subsessile on the long cor- puscle. Stigma included. L. angustifolia, Hook. f. Ic. Plant. t. 1428. Marsdenia angustifolia, Wight. Contrib. 40; Wail. Cat. 8172; Dene. in DC. Frodr, viii. 614. Brena ; hills near Prome, Wallich. Leaves 1-2 by 3-4 in., acute, glabrous when mature, base rounded, triple nerved at the base; petiole very short. Cymes in all the upper axils, many-fid.; peduncle 2-4 in., very slender, pedicels 4 in. Sepals obtuse, pubescent. Corolla glabrous, } in. diam.—A very curious plant, the only Indian Asclepiad one known to me with the eorolla-lobes doubled down inwards in estivation, rendering the bud truncate. 36. TYLOPHORA, Br. Twining, rarely erect, herbs or undershrubs. Cymes umbelliform or race- tose ; flowers small or minute. Sepals ovate or lanceolate. Corolla rotate ; lobes broad, slightly overlapping to the right. Coronal processes fleshy, adnate to the very short column. -Anthers very small with an inflexed tip; pollen- masses one in each cell, minute, globose or ovoid, waxy, erect or ascending rarely transverse or pendulous from the ‘ascending pedicel. Stigma disciform, 5-gonal, included. Follicles acuminate, smooth. Seeds ovoid, flat, winged, comose.—DrstriB. Species about 40; Asiatic, African, Australian and Oceanic. _ The minute anthers (larger in 7. Zphisia), forming a small ring round the disci- form stigma, which is more or less overlapped by the short anther-tips, and the adnate usually gibbous or globose coronal processes are the best characters for this genus. The position of the pollen-masses, ascending, horizontal, or pendulous, can- not be depended upon, and is mos difficult to ascertain in dried specimens ; as is the exact form of the fieshy coronal processes. * Stem short, erect or suberect, 1-2 ft. (perhaps longer and twining in T. Iphisia), sometimes twining at the tips. 40 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Tylophora. 1. B. Govanii, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 610; stem simple pubescent, leaves subsessile oblong elliptic or obovate, umbels simple peduncled, sepals linear, corolla-lobes lanceolate, coronal processes gibbous. Iphisia Govanii, Wight Contrib. 52; Wall. Cat. 8212, Vincetoxicum montanum, Dene. 1c. 525. Western Huataya; Kunawur to Kumaon, alt. 7-8000 ft., Govan, &e. Rootstock slender, creeping. Stems 8-16 in., naked below. Leaves 1-1} by }- 12 in., rarely linear or almost orbicular, obtuse or apiculate. Umbels rarely sessile ; pedicels capillary ; flowers dark purple, din. diam. Anthers large for the size of the column ; pollen-masses pendulous. Stigma umbonate. 2, |. HMelferi, Hook. f.; softly pubescent, stem simple, leaves sessile ovate or lanceolate acuminate, umbels simple long-peduncled, sepals linear, corolla-lobes elongate-lanceolate, coronal processes gibbous. Tenasserim ; Helfer. Stem 8-12 in. Leaves 13-2 by 3-1 in., pubescent on both surfaces, base rqunded. Pedunele strict, equalling the leaves, pedicels capillary. Corolla 3 in. diam., purple?, lobes caudate. Jollicles 14 in., poniard-shaped, pubescent.—The position of the pollen-masses I could not ascertain, owing to the imperfection of the specimens. 3. %. fasciculata, Ham. in Wight Contrib. 50; Ic. t. 848; stem simple or branched glabrous below finely puberulous above, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acute glabrous, cymes peduncled umbelliform simple or compound, sepals lanceolate, corolla-lobes broadly ovate, coronal processes globose, follicles short turgid. Wail. Cat. 8204; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 608; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 151. Souru Nepat; at Sukanagur, Hamilton. Sovrn Concan ; Bababoodan hills, &c. ; Law, Daizell, &c. Stems several from the root, 12-18 in., flexuous or climbing amongst grass. Leaves 1-2 by 3-1} in., coriaceous; petiole 3-1 in. Peduncles slender; pedicels capillary. Corolla 4 in. diam., fleshy in the Nepal specimens. Pollen-masses hori- zontal according to Wight, butI think erect. Fodlicles 14-2 by 3-2 in., ovoid-lanceo- late; pericarp very thick, glabrous. Seeds } in. long, broadly ovoid, quite flat.— Wight correctly observes that the corpuscles in this and the following are almost 2-partite. 4. T. macrantha, Hook. f.; stem simple or branched finely pubescent, leaves petioled ovate acute glabrous, cymes peduncled simple or subcompound, sepals lanceolate, corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, coronal processes globose. T. peeulee var. macrantha, Wight Contrib. 50; Dene. in DC. Prodr. Viti. Nueuerry Mts., Wight, &c. Prev, Col. Eyre (in Herb. Calcutt.) This has the habit and foliage of 7. fasciculata, but the flowers are twice as large, and the corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate. The Pegu specimens seem identical with the Nilgherry ones. Fruit unknown. 5. T. Ephisia, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 610; quite glabrous, stem branched flexuous, leaves petioled ovate or lanceolate acuminate, cymes branched, sepals ovate, corolla subglobose, lobes ovate, coronal processes ovoid wholly adnate to the base of large anthers.. Deless. Ic. Sel. v. t. 82; Wight Ill. t. 155 bis f. e. & Ic. t. 1276, Iphisia multiflora, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 62. T.. eal Thwaites Enum. 197. T. pauciflora, Hohenack. Pl. Ind. Or. n. Nivenerry Mrs., Wight, &c. Cryton; Central province, alt, 4~7000 ft.,. Walker, &c. TLylophora. | KCY. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 4 Stem rather stout, 2-3 feet long. Leaves 14-2) by 3-12 in., dark green, rather coriaceous ; petiole }-4 in. Peduneles longer than the petiole ; pedicels short. Sepals quite glabrous. Corolla } in. diam., yellow or dark purple. Anthers large for the size of the column, horny, with broad inflexed tips; pollen-masses horizontal. Follicles 3-34 in. long, poniard-shaped, glabrous. Seeds 3 in. long, narrowly ovate.— The anthers of this are much larger than in any of its congeners. Hohenacker’s is the only Peninsular specimen that I have seen; it is identical with the Ceylon ones. The corpuscles are long, linear with a central groove, quite different from those of T. fasciculata. ** Stems and branches long, twining, and cymes perfectly glabrous ; sepals always glabrous (see also 7. Iphisia); coronal processes without free points (except T. himalarca). 6. I. capparidifolia, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 51; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong obtuse acute or apiculate pale veined coriaceous,. cymes shortly peduncled or sessile, pedicels capillary, Nevers minute, sepals ovate, corolla subglobose, lobes short ovate, coronal processes globose. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 610; Wail. Cat. 8208. Asclepias tenuis, Herb. Heyne. Travancore ; Courtallam, Heyne, Wight. Branches rigidly flexuous. Leaves 2-4 by 3-11 in,, rigid; petiole}1in. Cymes much shorter than the leaves, pedicels 1-} in. Corolla iin. diam. Follicles 3 in. long, poniard-shaped.—Wight describes the coronal processes as toothed on the inner margin below the tip, a character I fail to verify. 7. ©. globifera, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves short-petioled oblong or ovate acuminate or apiculate, cymes long-peduncled compound few-fid. pedicels capillary, sepals ovate-lanceolate, corolla-lobes short ovate, coronal pro-- cesses very large globose as high as the anthers. Matacca, Griffith. Sovrn Anpaman Istanp, Kurz. Leaves 1-8 by $-1} in., dark brown when dry, base rounded or cordate, nerves few; petiole 3-}in. Peduncles 1-1} in., very stout; pedicels 3-1 in. Corolla 3 in. diam. Staminal column very short, depressed. 8. ©. pauciflora, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 44; quite glabrous, leaves long-- petioled’ ovate-lanceolate or cordate acuminate, cymes long-peduncled few-fid. compound, sepals ovate acute, corolla-lobes short ovate, coronal processes very large globose as high as the anthers. Wight Ic. t. 1274; Dene. mn DC. Prodr. viii. 607. T. asthmatica 8 glabra, Thwattes Enum. 19. “ Cynanchum flavensy and bracteatum, Thunb.; Dene. in DC. lc. 549” (Thwaites). Deccan Penrnsura; from S. Canara to Malabar and Travancore, Wight, &c.. CrrYLon, not uncommon, Thwaites. Branches rather stout. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in., rather thin, nerves slender ; petiole 4-1 in. Peduncles longer than the petioles; pedicels very variable. Corolla Zin. diam. Column and coronal processes much as in T. globifera, from which this differs in the leaves and long petioles.—The North Bengal locality attributed to this. in DC. Prodr. is doubtless an error. Thwaites’ specimen of J. asthmatica B glabra is very imperfect, but I think referable to this. 9. I. purpurea, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 51, and Cat. 8208; quite gla- brous, leaves oblong-lanceolate apiculate base cordate, cymes long-peduncled few-fid., sepals ovate, corolla-lobes short ovate, coronal processes gibbous.. Dene. tn DC. Prodr. viii. 611. Brema ; banks of the Irawaddy, Waillich. Resembles 7, pauciflora, but the leaves are narrower, more cordate at the base, and the coronal processes less developed. The specimens are very insufficient. Wight. A2 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Tylophora. describes the processes of the column as toothed on the inner margin below the tip, and the pollen-masses as transverse. 10. ©. longifolia, Wight Contrib. 50; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate from a broad cordate base acuminate, cymes elongate bearing small distant umbels on the very long slender rachis, sepals ovate, corolla-lobes short ovate obtuse, coronal processes gibbous. Wall. Cat. 8205; Dene. m DC. Prodr. viii. 608. : Smxre Hrmazaya, alt. 2000 ft., Clarke. Kaasta Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Wal- lich, &e. Stem and branches slender. Leaves 3-6 by $-13 in., membranous, nerves distant ; petiole 4-4 in. Cymes very slender and few-fid. Corolla 3 in. diam., yellow. Follicles not seen. 11. fT. himalaica, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves petioled ovate- lanceolate acuminate base acute or rounded, cymes bearing short distant umbels on the very long slender rachis, sepals lanceolate, corolla-lobes oblong-ovate obtuse, coronal processes gibbous. Western Hiaraya (Suhunsudhara), Falconer, Srxxim Himaraya, alt. 3000 ft., Thomson, Clarke. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-4000 ft., Griffith, &c. Very closely allied to 7. longifolia, but the leaves are very different; always contracted, generally acute, and never cordate at the base; and the flowers are twice as large, with narrow longer sepals, more membranous longer corolla-lobes, and a much larger column. ollicles 4-5 in., narrowly poniard-shaped. Seeds } in. long, broadly ovate.—I have observed a very few hairs on the sepals. 12. f. zeylanica, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 608; quite glabrous, leaves large fleshy ovate elliptic or almost rounded acuminate acute or apiculate, cymes elongate bearing few- or many-fld. umbels or racemes on the divaricate branches, sepals ovate obtuse, corolla lobes oblong-ovate obtuse, coronal pro- cesses gibbous. T. micrantha, Thwaites Enum. 197. Cynanchum micranthum, Thunb. Diss. 6; DC. le. 548. Travancore, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome. Cryton ; Central province, alt. 2-4000 ft. A tall climber. Leaves 4-6 by 2-4 in.; midrib thick with a gland above at the insertion of the petiole; nerves spreading; petiole 1-1} in. Flowers 2 in, diam. ; pedicels slender. Fodlicles 4-6 in., slender. Seeds 4 in. long, linear-oblong.—In one of Beddome’s specimens the flower-bearing tips of the branches are thickened and covered with spirally placed scars, each subtended by a minute bract at the insertion of the pedicels. 13. T. tenuis, Blume Bid. 1062; very slender, quite glabrous, leaves small fleshy ovate elliptic or oblong obtuse acute or apiculate, base acute or rounded, peduncle capillary simple or branched bearing few-fid. sessile umbels, pedicels capillary, sepals ovate acute, corolla-lobes short ovate obtuse, coronal processes gibbous or globose. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii.608. T. carnosa, Wall. an Wight Contrib. 49; Wail. Cat. 8200; Wight. Ic. t. 351; Dene, 1. c. 607 ; T. tenuissima, Wight & Arn. Contrib. 47; Wight Ic. t. 588; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 150. Dene. 1. c. 607. Asclepias tenuissima, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 41. A. dichotoma, Rottl. in Wail. Cat. 8200 B.C. Ceropegia Decaisneana, Miquel Pl. Hohenack. n. 634. Benear, Roxburgh; Salt Lakes near Calcutta and Sunderbunds, Clarke. Deccan Peniysvta, from Canara southwards. Brrma, Wallich. Maxacca, Griffith, Maingay. Ceryton, hotter parts of the Island, Walker, &c.—Disrris. Java, Borneo. Very slender, prostrate or twining. Leaves rarely 1} in. long, very variable in form and breadth, base sometimes cordate, nerves few indistinct; petiole 4 in. Flowers rarely 3 in. diam., dark purple; pedicels 2-} in. Pollen-masses suberect. Follicles 3 in. long, poniard-shaped, pericarp membranous, Seeds 2 in., ovate. ‘Tylophora. } XCV. ASCLEPIADER. (J. D. Hooker.) 43 ** Stem and branches long, twining, and leaves glabrous or pubescent ; sepals always hirsute or pubescent. t Coronal processes wholly adnate to the column without free points above. 14. T. Belostemma, Benth. Gen. Pi. ti. 771; softly hirsute through- -out, leaves ovate-cordate acuminate, cymes simple subsessile, flowers few um- belled, coronal processes linear radiating from the base of the column.— Belostemma hirsutum, Wail. in Wight Contrib. 52, and Cat. 8211. - ¢ a Wallich, Kuasta Mrs.; Churra and below it, alt. 2-4000 ft., J. D. H. __ Hairs reflexed on stem and branches. Leaves 13-2 in., pale green when dry, hirsute on both surfaces; petiole 4-2in, Peduneles shorter than the petioles. Sepals lanceolate, hirsute. Corolla 2 in. diam., duil purple ; lobes ovate, pubescent within. Staminal column contracted below the anthers. ollicles not seen. 15. T. hirsuta, Wight Contrib. 49; stem densely softly tomentose, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate pubescent or tomentose on both surfaces, base rounded obtuse or cordate, peduncles long flexuous bearing distant few-fld. umbels at the flexures, corolla puberulous within lobes short, -coronal processes subglobose. Wall. Cat. 8201; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 607. T. Jacquemontii, Dene. J.c. Gymnema hirsutum, Wall. Tent. Fl. Nep. 50. Tropica Himataya, ascending to 5000 ft. in Kumaon, from the Punjab east- wards (Pathankola, Clarke). Assam, Jenkins. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 2000 ft., J. D. H. § T.T. Cacwar, Keenan. Stem rather stout; hairs reflexed. Leaves 3-7 by 14-4 in., sometimes only faintly hairy; petiole 3-13 in., stout. Pedwnele very variable in length, villous or hirsute; pedicels capillary, short or long. Sepals lanceolate, hirsute. Corolla 3} in. diam, Follicles 2-24 in., poniard-shaped, glabrous. Seeds 4 in. long, narrowly -ovate. Var. ? penangensis ; leaves minutely pustular on the upper surface at the bases of the hairs.—Penang, Phillips—This, of which the specimens are very imperfect, may be T. villosa, Blume of Java, which strongly resembles T. hirsuta, and also T. mollis- -sima, Wall. (Cat. 8202) of China. 16. T. mollissima, Wight Contrib. 49; Ic. t. 1275 (not of Wallich), stem densely softly tomentose, leaves oblong or linear-oblong acute or acuminate base rounded tomentose or villous on both surfaces, peduncles flexuous bearing distant few-fid. umbels, sepals lanceolate, corolla glabrous within lobes oblong, ‘coronal processes subglobose hispid. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 607. . Nirenerry and Putwzy Mrs., Wight. Very similar to 7. hirsuta, differing in the form of the leaves. Fruit unknown. 17. T. rotundifolia, Hamili. in Wight Contrib. 50; stem pubescent, leaves very shortly petioled orbicular or very broadly ovate obtuse or acute beneath and margins pubescent, base rounded or cordate, cymes many-fid. umbellate sessile or peduncled, pedicels long, sepals lanceolate hispid, corolla- ‘lobes ovate, coronal processes globose. Wall. Cat. 8203; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 608. Assam ; Dongtala and Habora Ghat, Hamilton. Norruern Ovne, Vicary. Tue ‘Concan, Law, Stocks. Travancorz; Annamallay hills, Beddome. Leaves 2-3} in. long and often as broad, coriaceous, glabrous above ; petiole din. Pedicels }-1 in. long, nearly glabrous or pubescent. Corolla 3 to nearly } in. diam. Follicles not seen. ; 18. Y. Dalzellii, Hook. f.; stem and cymes sparsely pubescent, leaves ‘oriaceous or fleshy ovate oblong.or cordate acute or acuminate glabrous or 4A xcv. ascLepiaprz. (J. D. Hooker.) [Tylophora. nearly so, cymes sessile or- peduncle short, rachis flexuous with umbels or racemes at the flexures, pedicels long capillary, sepals ovate hispid, corolla- lobes short, coronal processes gibbous.—T. carnosa, Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 150. Tylophora n. 23 and T. pauciflora? Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T. Concan and Mazazar, Stocks, Law, &e. : : Leaves very variable, 2-4 in., quite glabrous or puberulous on the petiole margins and nerves beneath ; petiole ¢-$ in. Peduncles nearly half as long as the leaves; rachis often zigzag, sometimes clavate, hispid at the insertion of the pedicels ; flowers always numerous, sometimes in a globose mass 14 in. diam., usually laxer ; pedicels 2-1 in. Corolla 3-2 in. diam, ollicles 3-4 in, poniard-shaped, glabrous. Seeds 4 iv., broadly ovate.—This is the T. carnosa of Dalzell and Gibson, but not of Wight, from whose plant it differs in the pubescence, larger leaves, shorter peduncles, and many-flowered umbels. It differs from 7. rotundifolia in the much smaller flowers. and longer petioles; it also closely resembles J. asthmatica, but has shorter sepals and wholly adnate processes. 19, T. exilis, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 358, t.16; stem slender and cymes finely sparsely villous, leaves ovate-oblong or -lanceolate acuminate nearly glabrous, peduncles long slender flexuous simple or branched bearing few-fld. sessile umbels, pedicels very short, sepals ovate hispid, corolla-lobes short, coronal processes gibbous. Wight Contrib. 50; Wall. Cat. 8206; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 608. Pergularia exilis, Spreng. Syst. i. 844. Assam, Masters. Siruet, Wallich. Currracone, Colebrooke. Mauacca, Griffith. Very similar to 7. tenuis, but with larger leaves, hairy branchlets cymes petioles. and midrib of the leaf above, and very short pedicels rarely } in. long. Follicles 34 in. long, very membranous. Seeds ¢ in. long, ovate. tt Coronal processes adnate below to the column; tips free, reaching as high as the stigma. 20. T. cordifolia, Thwattes Enum. 196; nearly glabrous, leaves small coriaceous ovate-cordate apiculate, peduncles very short 1-2-fid., sepals ovate glabrous, corolla-lobes short, coronal processes strongly laterally compressed, dilated upwards. Cryton ; common in the central provinces, Walker, Thwaites. Stem slender and petioles puberulous. Leaves }-1 in., thin, firm, shining; petiole. dot in. Peduncle 3-3 in., capillary. Corolla 2 in. diam., dark purple, lobes obtuse. “Follicles usually solitary; 2 in. long, slender, glabrous” (Thwaites).—The column with its processes is obconic (as in some non-Indian species) from the upward dilata- tion of the processes which radiate from it. 21. T. tenerrima, Wight Contrib. 50; nearly glabrous, leaves ligulate or linear-lanceolate obtuse apiculate or acuminate, eymes peduncled 2-4-fid., sepals ovate-lanceolate hispid, corolla-lobes linear-oblong puberulous within, coronal processes gibbous or globose with free incurved cuspidate tips. Wall. Cat, 8207 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 610. Homostyles tenerrima, Wall. mss. Susrroricat Himaraya ; alt. 3-6000 ft., from Kumaon, Royle, to Sikkim, J. D. H. Stem very slender and much branched. Leaves 1-2 by ;4,-} in., nerveless; petiole. very short. Peduneles capillary, usually shorter than the leaves; pedicels #4 in. Corolla tin. diam. Follicles not seen. 22. T. asthmatica, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 51; glabrous pubescent or tomentose, leaves ovate rounded or oblong apiculate acute or acuminate, base usually cordate, peduncles shorter than the leaves bearing 2-8 sessile few- or many-fld. umbels, pedicels long capillary, sepals long lanceolate hispid, corolla large lobes short acute, coronal processes gibbous or globose with free cuspidate: Tylophora. | XCY. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 45 tips. Wall. Cat. 8210; Wight Ic. t. 1277; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 150; Thwaites Enum. 197, excl. var. 8; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pl. t. 1773; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 611. T. pubescens, Wail. mss. Asclepias asthmatica, Willd. ; Roxb, Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 33. A. tunicata, Hort. Cale. A. vomitoria, Koen. mss. Cynanchum yomitorium, Lamk. Dict. ii. 285. O. viridiflorum, Sims. Bot. Mag.t. 1929. “C. flavum and bracteatum, Thunb. ;” Thwaites ; Dene. in DC. 1. c. 549. ©. Ipecacuanha, Willd. C. indicum, Herb. Burm. Hoya planiflora, Wall. mss. N. & E. Brneat, Assam, Cacuar, Currracone and Birma to Mazacca; Deccan PENINSULA, abundant. Czyzton, common in the hotter districts.—Distris. Siam, Malay Islds., Borneo. Stem slender. Leaves 2-4 in., rather thickly coriaceous, very variable in width, rarely pubescent or tomentose on both, surfaces ; nerves few, spreading ; petiole 4% in, Cymes always more or less pubescent, hispid at the bases of the umbels. Corolla 3.in. diam., dull yellow and purple within. ollicles very variable, poniard-shaped, divaricate, 3-4 in. and slender in Deccan specimens with a thin pericarp; turgid in the lower half, and only 2 in. long, with a thick pericarp, in some Ceylon specimens. Seeds 4 in. long, broadly ovate. 23, T.Wallichii, Hook. f., stem stout, cymes and petioles sparsely pubes- cent or puberulous, leaves fleshy oblong or ovate-oblong acuminate base cordate, peduncles long stout branched bearing few-fld. irregular umbels or clusters, sepals ovate pubescent, corolla subglobose fleshy shortly 5-lobed, coronal processes gibbous with free cuspidate tips (or 0), follicles very large ellipsoid ventricose. Gymnema Wallichii, in part, Wight Contrib. 46. G. sagittatum, Wall. Cat. 8194 B. Sincarore, Wallich, Penance, Maingay. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1142).—Disrris. Borneo. : Leaves thickly coriaceous, 4-6 by 4-2 in., narrowed at the cordate base, nerves spreading; petiole 4-2 in. Cymes often exceeding the leaves, branches divaricate. Flowers 4 in. diam.; often fleshy and deformed with the column imperfectly developed cylindric and without coronal processes. Foilicles very different from those of any eongener, 4-5 by 1-12 in., elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed equally to the base and tip, pericarp coriaceous. Seeds 3 in. long, broadly ovate.-—This very closely resembles in habit when dry Gongronema Wallichii. 37, TREUTLERA, Hook. f. Gen. Nov. A stout glabrous twiner. Leaves opposite, thickly coriaceous. Flowers large, in axillary simple stoutly peduncled umbels. Sepals very small, ovate, glandular within. Corolla rotate, shortly 5-lobed ; lobes broadly ovate, cilio- late, overlapping to the right. Coronal processes adnate to the backs of the anthers and equalling them, ovate, obtuse, fleshy. Column prominent ; anther- tips inflexed, rounded ; pollen-masses one in each cell, subcylindric, pedicelled, waxy, erect. Stigma hemispheric, 2-cuspidate, included. T. insignis, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1425. Srxxm« Himataya, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H., Anderson, ‘Treutler. Branches terete, smooth, Leaves in distant pairs, 3-5 by 14-3 in., ovate elliptic oblanceolate or elliptic-oblong, apiculate or acuminate, midrib thick ; nerves 4-5 pairs, spreading, secondary indistinct; petiole stout, 5-1} in. Pedumcle 1-2 in.; pedicels 1-11 in., stout ; bracts small, lanceolate. Sepals ciliate. Corolla 1-13 in. diam., coriaceous, glabrous, dark purple. Fruit not seen.—This genus is very near Marsdenia, from which it differs conspicuously in the large rotate corolla with short rounded lobes. It is named after Dr. Treutler, a native of the province of Sikkim, who pre- sented to Kew in 1875 a very large and valuable collection of its plants, inclusive of the present which is one of the most handsome of the Sikkim Asclepiads. 46 xev. ascueprapexz. (J.D. Hooker.) [Cosmostigma.. 38. COSMOSTIGMA, Br. A twining glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, ovate or cordate. Cymes axillary, racemiform ; flowers small, greenish. Sepals small. Corolla rotate, lobes overlapping to the right. Coronal scales adnate to the base of the anthers, and shorter than they are, erect, broad, membranous, truncate or 2-fid. Column very short, filaments fleshy ; anther-tip broad, rounded, inflexed ; pollen-masses- obovoid-oblong, waxy, erect, pedicels long flexuous. Stigma broad, flat, 5-angled. Foilicles large, linear-oblong, obtuse, smooth. Seeds comose. CG. racemosum, Wight Contrib. 42, and Ic. t. 591; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 151; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 119; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 613. C. acuminatum, Wight Ic. t. 1270. Asclepias racemosa, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 32. Nerium piscidium, Hort. Cale.—Rheede Hort. Mal. vii. t, 82. ; ; Smuet, Currracone, and the Western Guats, from the Concan southwards. Cryton, common.—Distrris. Java. A tall stout climber. Leaves deciduous, 3-5 by 14-24 in., rather coriaceous, rounded or ovate, finely acuminate or tip obtuse, base sometimes cordately 2-lobed, lobes conniving; petiole 1-2 in. Peduneles equalling the petioles, stout, straight ; pedicels } in., stout, spreading, spirally arranged round the rachis; bracts 0. Corolla + in. diam., fleshy, speckled with brown. Follieles 7 in. long by 1} in. diam., lanceolate or linear-oblong, obtuse, smooth. Seeds 2 in. long, broadly ovate. 39. DREGEA, E. Meyer. Twining shrubs, glabrous or hoary. Leaves opposite, ovate or cordate, acuminate. Cymes axillary, umbelliform; flowers green. Sepals small. Corolla rotate, lobes broad, overlapping to the right. Coronal scales 5, hemi- spheric, fleshy, adnate to the column, spreading, inner angle cuspidate, the tooth incumbent on the anthers. Column very short, fleshy; anther-tips short inflexed ; pollen-masses one in each cell, cylindric-oblong, shortly pedicelled, waxy, erect. Stigma conical or dome-shaped. Follicles thick, hard, winged or ribbed. Seeds comose.—DistRis. Species 6 or 7 ; Indian, Malayan, and tropical and S. African, = © : D. volubilis, Benth. Gen. Pl. 775; glabrous hoary or mealy, leaves ovate suborbicular or cordate acuminate, peduncles equalling or exceeding the edicels many-fld., pedicels slender, flowers green, sepals triangular-ovate. oya viridiflora, Br, in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 27; Wight Contrib. 39, and in Hook, Bot. Mise. ii. 98, t. 1, and Ic. t. 586; Wall. Cat. 8168; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 153; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 119; Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 387, 388. Asclepias volubilis, Zinn. f.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 36. Apocynum tilizfolium, Lamk, Encycl. i. 214. Wattakaka viridiflora, Hassk. in Flora, 1857, 79.— Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 15. Beneat, Assam and the Deccan Peninsvuza, from the Concan, southwards. Crycon, in the hotter parts of the island.—Disrris. Java. ; A stout tall climber, branches often pustular. Leaves 3-6 by 2-4 in., rather coriaceous, base rounded or cordate; nerves 4-5 pairs; petiole 1-3 in. Peduncles 1-3 in., rather slender ; umbels drooping, very many-fld., subglobose ; pedicels 2 in., slender. Corolla 4 in. diam., cupular, lobes triangular. Stigma dome-shaped. Follicles $ in. long by 1-1} in. diam., broadly lanceolate, turgid, glabrous. Seeds 2 in. long, broadly ovate, pale, smooth and shining, border thick, Dregea. | Xcv. ASCLEPIADER. (J. D. Hooker.) 47 _Var, Lacuna, all parts hoary or mealy. _ Hoya Lacuna, Ham.in Wall. Cat. 8169; Wight Contrib. 39; Dene. in Jacg. Voy.' Bot. 108, t. 114, and in DC, Prodr. viii. 639. —North-West India from Kumaon to Oude and the Bombay Ghats. Bengal. Birma. Var. angustifolia, suberect, densely mealy or velvety, leaves ovate-lanceolate small.—Malabar and Bombay (a starved form). 40. HETEROSTEMMA, VW. § A. Twining nearly glabrous shrubs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, often cordate, base 8-5-nerved. Flowers rather small, in shortly peduncled umbelled or racemose cymes. Calyx small, 5-fid or -partite. Corolla rotate, lobes broad triangular valvate. Corona of 5 large lobes spreading horizontally from the column and lying flat on the corolla. Column very small, depressed ; anthers very minute, tip very short; pollen-masses one in each cell, minute, broad, compressed, sessile, waxy, erect. Stigma included, truncate, 5-angled. Follicles slender, straight, terete, pointed, pericarp thin. © Seeds comose.—DtstriB. Species about 10; Indian and Malayan. * Coronal processes orbicular’, sessile. 1. H. Wallichii, Wight Contrib. 42; branches hairy chiefly along two lines, leaves ovate broadly oblong or elliptic acuminate, coronal processes sessile orbicular with or without a small conical boss near the base. Wall. Cat. 8179; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 680. Heterostemma, sp. 4, Herb. H. f. & T. Nepat, Wallich. Assam, Jenkins. Kuasta Mrs. at Nowgong, J.'D. H. ¢ T. T. Leaves 3-7 by 2-4 in., base rounded or subcordate, bright green, thinly coriaceous ; petiole 4-2 in. Cymes small, peduncle stouter than the petiole; flowers 4-2 in. diam., greenish. Fruit not seen. 2. H. alatum, Wight Contrib. 42; branches with two lines of hairs, leaves elliptic-ovate oblong or -lanceolate acuminate, nerves beneath winged, coronal processes ovate-lanceolate acuminate with a large ovate acute concave appendage on the surfaces. Wall. Cat. 8180; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 630. Cenrrat and Eastern Himataya; Kumaon, Royle; Nepal, Wallich; Srxxim, alt. 2-6000 ft., 7. D. H. Kuast Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft., Lodd, J. D. H. & T. T. Leaves 3-6 by 14-3} in., rather coriaceous, light green, base acute or rounded, rarely cordate, nerves 3-4 pairs; petiole 1-2 in. Pedumneles very short, stout ; pedi- cels +4 in., flowers +4 in. diam., yellow. Follicles (immature) very slender, straight. 3. H. stellatum, Hook. f.; branches with very obscurely pubescent lines, leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, nerves beneath winged, corona stellately 5-lobed to below the middle, lobes triangular acute without appendages. Heterostemma, n. 3, Herb. Hf. & T. Knasia Mrs.; at Myrung, alt. 6000 ft., J. D. A. This resembles H. alatum, but the leaves are narrower with a more regular inter- marginal nerve, and the corona is very different. 4. H. tanjorense, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 42; branches quite glabrous, leaves broadly or narrowly ovate oblong or oblong-lanceolate obtuse or apicu- late, base rounded or subcordate, coronal processes orbicular-obovate with a large erect fleshy appendage on the surface. Weght Ic. t. 348; Wall. Cat. 1178; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 630, Stapelia involucrata, Herb. Madr. Glossostelma, nov. gen., Wight mss. 48 xov. ascLEPiavEz. (J.D. Hooker.) [Heterostemma. Western Penmsuta; the Carnatic, in sandy places, Wight. ; Leaves very variable, 3-5 by 13-8 in., tip usually rounded and apiculate. Cymes usually sessile, flowers } in. diam.; coronal processes with an erect acute appendage. Follicles very slender, 4 in. long by 3-4 in. diam., glabrous. Seeds 4 in. long narrowly ovate. Var. zeylanicum ; leaves acute or acuminate, flowers dark purple, appendages of the coronal processes larger obtuse or acute, H. tanjorense, Thwaites Enum. 198.— Ceylon, central province, ascending to 4000 ft. 5. H. Dalzellii, Hook.f. ; branches glabrous or nearly so, leaves broadly or narrowly elliptic or ovate- or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, coronal processes _ spathulate without an appendage. H. Wallichii, Dalz. & Gtbs. Bomb. Fl. 152 (not of Wight). Heterostemma, sp. 2, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. The Concan ; at Vingorla, and Malwan, Dalzell, Stocks. Leaves as in H. tanjorense, of which this may be a variety, differing greatly in the corona, the lobes of which have no appendage proper, though there are traces of swellings at the bases in some specimens and at their backs in others, as if in the latter case the process was reduced and its appendage enlarged. In some specimens the apex is obscurely 3-lobed, in others the tip is subquadrate with a simple or bifid tip, and the sides acutely angled. The follicles appear shorter than in H. tanjorense, but they are not quite ripe in either species. 41, DITTOCERAS, Zook. f. Gen. Nov. A stout pubescent twining shrub. Leaves opposite, long petioled, elliptic- ovate, acute. Flowers large, in sessile umbelliform few-fid. cymes. Sepals minute, ovate, obtuse, glandular within. Corolla rotate; lobes short, tri- angular, subacute, valvate in bud. Corona large, deeply 5-lobed, lying flat on the corolla, lobes orbicular-spathulate, with a minute boss at the base of each. Column depressed. Anthers minute, tips very short, incurved ; pollen- masses very minute, subglobose, sessile on the minute corpuscle, waxy, erect. Stigma pentagonal, included. ollicles sub-cylindric, obtuse, recurved, pericarp very thick fleshy, endocarp hard shining. Seeds very large, narrowly ovoid- oblong, compressed, winged at the rounded base ; coma short. 1. D. Andersoni, Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1422. Heterostemma, sp. 6, Herb. Hook. f. & T. Smuim Hmaraya, alt. 2-4000 ft.; J. D. H., T. Anderson, Clarke. Branches leaves beneath, petioles and pedicels rusty-pubescent. Leaves 4-5 by 2-3 in., sometimes cordate, dark green, sparsely hairy above, nerves 4-4 pairs ; petiole 13-2 in. Corolla 14 in. diam., sparsely hairy without, dark purple. Follicles 4-5 in. long, by 3 in. diam., green when ripe. Seeds 12 in. long, black, coma as long as the rest of the seed, hairs spreading and reflexed.—Closely allied to Heterostemma, but widely differing in the large flowers, follicles, and seeds. 42. OIANTHUS, Benth. Twining glabrous undershrubs, branches with two lines of pubescence. Leaves opposite. Cymes small, subsessile, few-fld. Sepals small, obtuse or acute. Corolla ovoid-urceolate or disciform, mouth contracted; lobes 5, very short, broad, valvate. Coruna cupular, adnate to the column, spreading, fleshy, lobulate or toothed, Column minute, short, depressed ; anther-tips short, in- flexed; pollen-masses very minute, one in each cell, semi-ovate, compressed, inner margin pellucid, sessile, waxy, ascending. Stigma broadly conic, not ex- ceeding the anthers. Otanthus. | XOV. ASCLEPIADER. (J. D. Hooker.) 49 ; I think it possible that the following species are abnormal forms of Hetero- stemma. 1. O. urceolatus, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1191; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate base rounded or subcordate, cymes sessile or shortly scene corolla ovoid-urceolate, corona 5-lobed, lobes incurved 3-toothed. eterostemma urceolatum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 295; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 153. The Concan ; Belgaum and hills to the north of it, Dalzell. Stem purple. Leaves 2-4 by 1-2 in.; green, nerves 2-8 pair with strong con- necting nervules. Corolla coriaceous, 3 in. long, red-purple without, dark purple within, sparingly villous at the base within ; lobes minute, triangular. 2. O. disciflorus, Hook. f.; nearly glabrous, leaves elliptic- or ovate- oblong subacute or obtuse, petiole 1-1} in., corolla disciform vertically de- pressed, corona 5-lobed lobes entire margin very thick somewhat incurved, Western Peniysuca, the Concan? Herb. Law. and Stocks. This in foliage entirely resembles Heterostemma Dalzellii, of which it may be a singular form, but the flowers are quite perfect (about 4 in. diam.) 3, O. Beddomei, Hook. f.; branches and petioles very pubescent, leaves ovate-cordate acuminate reticulately nerved, petiole 2-3 in., sepals lanceolate acuminate, corolla discoid. Mysorz in the Beigoor forests, Wynaad, Beddome. Described from an excellent drawing, Col. Beddome having lost his specimen. 43, DISCHIDIA, Br. Herbs or undershrubs, usually rooting and climbing on trees or pendulous, Leaves various, fleshy, sometimes forming into pitchers (ascidia). Flowers very small or minute, white or red, in axillary fascicles umbels or racemes. Sepals 5, ovate, membranous. Corolla urceolate, mouth contracted; lobes 5, very short, valvate. Coronal-scales 5, membranous, adnate to the back of the column, erect, tips entire notched or 2-fid or with recurved arms. Colwmn very short; anther-tip membranous ; pollen-masses one in each cell, compressed, waxy. Stigma flat or conical. Follicles small, slender or thick, smooth, acu- minate. Seeds minute, coma long.—Distrip. Species about 24; tropical In- dian, Malayan, and Australian. The species of Dischidia all want a careful study. They cannot be described satisfactorily from dried specimens, The leaves change in form, and it is not ascer- tained in respect of many species whether they may or may not be converted into pitchers (ascidia). 1. D. Nummularia, Br. Prodr. 461; glabrous, leaves subsessile 1-3 in. orbicular acute obtuse or apiculate, corolla scarlet, throat with a ring of hairs, follicles 1-14 in. curved obliquely ellipsoid below the middle, above it contracted into a long slender beak. Wall. Cat. 4204; Wight Contrib. 43; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 632; Blume Bid. 1059. D. orbicularis, Dene. Jc. Collyris minor, Vahl. in Act, Soc. Hafn. vi. 111; ex Wight Contrib. 67.— Rumph. Herb. Amboin. v. t. 176, f. 1. Cacuar, Keenan, and Matay Peninsura, from Chittagong, Clarke, Tenasserim and the Andaman Islands, to Singapore and Malacca, Wallich, &c. Distris. Malay Islds., Australia. A very slender herb, rooting on tree trunks. Leaves whitish when dry, with VoL. Iv. 52) 50 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [Dischidia, often recurved margins, nerves 2-3 pairs horizontal reticulating. Seeds +; in. long, slender. 2. D. hirsuta, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 632; papillose and more or less pubescent, leaves 3-1 in. sessile broadly ovate acute lacunose above between the horizontal nerves, corolla red, throat with 2 rows of hairs. D. fasciculata, Dene. l.c. D. Brunoniana, Giriff. Notul. iv. 44, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 410, A. f. 1. Leptostemma hirsutum and fasciculatum, Blume Bid. 1058. Tenassprim, Helfer; at Mergui, Griffith. Srvcarorr, Hb. Wight. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1120). Distr. Java. Stem very slender and leaves on both surfaces papillose and sometimes sparsely hairy. eaves pale when dry, the 2 or 3 pairs of nerves very prominent above, Corolla 3 in, long “ blood red, with a row of ascending shining hairs in the middle of the tube, and a similar row on the throat inserted below a row of 5 adnate fleshy convex scales. Pollen-masses linear, connate at the base.” Maingay. 3. D. albida, Griff. Notul. iv. 46; glabrous, leaves petioled ovate or rounded-ovate or ovate-cordate acute or acuminate nerveless. Matacca; at Toondook. Griffith. Stems very slender, creeping and rooting. Leaves fleshy ; petiolei2 in. “ Peduncles subaxillary equalling the petiole, perennial. Flowers umbelled, few, small, white. Corolla-throat closed with white hairs. Pollen-masses oblong, scarcely compressed, as long as their caudicles. ollicles very long-beaked, deeply channelled on the inner face.” Griffith. 4. D. khasiana, Hook. f.; glabrous or very sparsely hairy, leaves 4-3 in. petioled orbicular tip rounded, nerves very slender, follicles 94 in. slender throughout straight or curved. Dischidia, n. 9, Herb. H. f. & T. Kauasta Mrs, at Churra and Nunklow, alt. 83-4000 ft. J. D. H. § T. T. Stem very slender, creeping, papillose. Leaves quite orbicular, tip rounded or apiculate, nerves 2-3 pairs horizontal; petiole 14 in. Follicles about 4 in. diam. below the middle, gradually tapering to the obtuse tip and to the base, pale.—This resembles D. formosana, Maxim., but the leaves are much larger; the habit and foliage are precisely those of Hoya Nummularia. 5. D. benghalensis, Coleb. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 357, t. 15; gla- brous, branches flagelliform pendulous, leaves linear elliptic obovate oblong or lanceolate midrib and nerves obscure or 0, flowers fascicled subsessile. Wight Contrib, 43; Wall. Cat, 4205; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 681; Bot. May. t. 2916. D. cuneifolia, Wall. Cat, 4206; Dene.i.c. D, spathulata, Blume Bijd. 1069; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 518. Eastern Nepan and Sixxm, J.D. H. Assam and southwards to Mazacca.— Disrris. Java, Borneo. Stems often matted, pale green, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves in distant pairs, subsessile, 1-2 by 4-3 in. obtuse acute or apiculate, very fleshy. Flowers minute. Corolla } in. long, yellowish, tube globose, throat glabrous. Follicles 13-24 in. slender, straight, acuminate, pericarp thin. 6. D. Rafflesiana, Wail. Plant. As. Rar. ii. 35, t. 142, and Cat. 4208; glabrous, climbing and pendulous, leaves orbicular 1 in. diam. subsessile chang- ing into oblong pitchers 2-6 in. long, flowers umbellate on a long or short stout peduncle, sepals pubescent, corolla ovoid, teeth minute pubescent within, throat glabrous. at Notul. iv. 47, t. 386, f. 6, and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 387 and 896, t. 17,18; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 632. Collyris major, Vahl. ; Wight Contreb. 66. Cacuan, J. D. H. § T. T.; and from Tenasseri, Griffith, to Matacca,—Distri. Borneo, Australia. Dischidia. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 51 Stem and branches stout. Leaves very similar to those of D. hirsuta when dry, put not papillose; ascidia irregularly compressed, obtuse, fleshy, base gibbous, the eavity filled with rootlets from the adjoining node. Flowers 3 in long. Sepals obtuse. Corolla fleshy, teeth 3-gonous and throat thickened. Jollicles 2-3 in. long, curved, + in. broad below the middle, tapering thence to both ends, pericarp thin. Seeds 3, in. Jinear oblong.—Griffith’s Mergui plant may be different from the Malacca one, which has longer peduncles and more numerous flowers. I find no difference in the corollas. 7. D. acutifolia, Maingay mss.; glabrous, stems slender twining, leaves shortly petioled 3-4 in. long ovate-lanceolate acute coriaceous penni- nerved, peduncles elongate, flowers subsessile, corolla throat hairy. Matacca ; .Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1122). Leaves shining, nerves 5-7 pair, prominent on both surfaces ; petiole 2 in. or less. Peduncle 4-14 in. “Corolla very minute, urceolate, pale yellow with the short limb pink, throat closed with a row of fine horizontal or slightly ascending hairs. Coronal-processes very minute, closely appressed to the anthers,” Maingay. Follicles 24 in. long, very slender, terete, slightly curved, narrowed from the base upwards. 8. D. Griffithii, Hook. f.; glabrous, twining, leaves 1-14 in. petioled obovate acute very fleshy nerveless, peduncles very short few-fid. D. obovata, Griff. Notul. iv. 51, and Ie. Pl. Aszat. t. 886, A. f. 7. TrnassErm ; at Mergui, on trees, Griffith. Branches as thick as a crow-quill. eaves %-1 in. diam., base cuneate ; petiole 4-1in. Peduncles perennial, ovoid, obtuse, as thick as the branch. ‘Flowers few, ‘small, inconspicuous, white. Sepals minute, rounded. Corolla urceolate, 5-toothed, throat closed with hairs. Coronal-processes white, fleshy, angular, base 2-fid. Pollen- masses tumid, obovoid.” Griffith. 9. D. Collyris, Wail. Cat. 4207; glabrous, leaves sessile orbicular 1-1} in. diam. fleshy convex papillose with the nerves distinct beneath, corolla glabrous within white. Conchophyllum imbricatum, Blume Byd. 1062; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 630, Collyris major, Vahl.; Wight Contrib. 66; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 518. ? D. albiflora, Griff. Notul. iv. 47, and Ie. Pl. Asiat. t. 410, AL. 8. , Mazacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1114). Stneaporz, Walker.—Disrri. Java, Borneo. ~ Stems creeping and rooting, the roots protected by the leaves. Leaves sometimes pruinose beneath, nerves 2-3 pairs, horizontal. Flowers subsessile on the short peduncles. Corolla 3, in. long, globose with erect teeth, “white glabrous within, lobes tipped with lilac,” Maingay. 10. D. coccinea, Griff. Notul. iv. 45, and Ic. Pl. Astat. t. 409; gla- hrous, leaves sessile orbicular $3 in. diam. convex papillose with the nerves distinct beneath, corolla glabrous within scarlet. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 3780). More slender and smaller than D. Collyris, of which Maingay considers it a variety. . Flowers fascicled on a very short peduncle 2 in. long. ollicles 1 in. long, lanceolate, curved, broadest near the base. : 11. D. complex, Griff. Notul. iv. 50; glabrous, ascidia subyeniform com- pressed lamina inflexed at the orifice, peduncle long, corolla white, throat ‘closed with hairs. Mazacca, Griffith. Twining. Ascidia large; orifice small, near the petiole, its outer margin inflexed formed into a second pitcher much smaller than the outer one, opening on each side ‘by an oblique aperture, deeply lobed or furrowed on the upper carinate on the lower ‘side; outer cavity crammed with radicles, inner surfaces of both lurid pole: BE 52 Kev. ascLeprapEs. (J. D. Hooker.) [Dischidia. Peduncles 3 in.; flowers subumbellate (in bud), white. Corolla subglobose. Coronal’ scales with very long narrow arms dilated at the tips; pollen-masses subobovate, caudicles much dilated—Description from Griffith. DOUBTFUL SPECIES, D. Watzicun, Wight Contrib. 48; Wall. Cat. 8183; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 633 ; flowers and fruit unknown; is probably not a Dischidia. D. cuavata, Wall. Cat. 4209, from Attran, is unknown to me; I have not found it in Wallich’s Herbarium at the Linnean Society. 44, HOYA, Br. Twining pendulous or rambling and rooting, rarely erect shrubs. Leaves opposite, thickly fleshy or very coriaceous. Flowers in axillary or terminal umbels. Calyx small, 5-partite. Corolla rotate, fleshy or waxy; lobes 5, often convex and spreading or reflexed, valvate in bud. Coronai-scales 5, large, membranous fleshy or horny, adnate to the column, stellately spreading or ascending, turgid or compressed laterally or vertically, often concave on the upper surface, margins usually recurved so as to enclose a hollow space, the inver angle often produced into a tooth or spur which is erect or incumbent on the anther. Column short; anthers conniving over the stigma, membranous, tips inflexed or erect, rarely 0; pollen-masses various, solitary in each cell, waxy, pedicelled, erect. Stigma included, flat or the centre apiculate. Follicles: various, usually slender, acuminate, with a thin pericarp; rarely turgid with very thick walls. Seeds very small, ovate or linear-oblong ; coma long. Disrrrs. Species about 60; tropical Asiatic, Malayan, and Australian. A most difficult genus to describe from dried specimens. Iam quite unable to. adopt the sections established by Blume on the development of the coronal-processes. The description of the nervation of the leaves applies to herbarium specimens solely. The secondary nerves, and in most the primary, in perhaps all except H. coriacea, are invisible in the living plants, and there is no exact line to be drawn between those with 3-5 principal basal nerves, and those with alternate arched or straight, and more or less horizontal nerves. The peduncle is in very many species persistent and peren- nial, giving off a succession of flowers from tubercles towards its tip ; the result is a eylindric thick end to the peduncle: it is not known whether this feature is common to all the species, nor even whether it is constant in any. The incurved or recurved form of the corolla probably affords a good character, but is lost in dried specimens. The coronal-processes are greatly distorted in drying, and the characters I have drawn from them must be accepted with reserve. The pollen-masses present great variations. in size, form, and length of pedicels, and probably afford excellent characters, The follicles present wonderful variations, from the most slender and terete with thin pericarp of H. globulosa, to the thick cylindric with rounded lobed ends and exces- sively thick pericarp of H. coronaria. The seeds of all are very small for the Order. Sxct.I. Grytoceras. Corolla reflexed, lobes longer than broad. Column stipitate; coronal-processes very long, erect, with a long spur diverging from the base of each. 1. H. multiflora, Blume Cat. Hort. Buit. 49, and Bijd. 1064. H. coriacea, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1889, t. 18, not of Blume. Crytoceras reflexum, Benn. Fl. Jav. 90, t. 21. C. floribundum, Maund Botanist, iv. t. 178. Cen- trostemma multiflorum, Dene. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser, ii. ix. 272, and in DC. Prodr, viii. 684; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i, 45; Bot. Mag. t. 5173. 0. Lindleyanum, Dene. in DC. 1. ¢. Matacca; on Mt. Ophir, Maingay. Pzyana (drawing in Herb. Kew),—Distrw. Java, Borneo, Philippine Islds. Hoya. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 53 Quite glabrous. Stem stout, climbing. Leaves 3-8 by 14 to 2 in., linear-oblong, acuminate, base acute; petiole 4 in. Umbels terminal and axillary, very many-fid., peduncle 1-2 in.; pedicels slender, as long. Sepals small, oblong. Corotla-lobes 3-2 in. long, tube bearded at the base. Colwmn Zin. long, Fruit not seen. Sor. II. Pterostelma. Corolla reflexed, lobes longer than broad. Column sessile, obconic; coronal-processes laterally compressed, semi-cordate, 2-winged, with an erect subulate point in the inner angle. Procosremma, Bil. 2. H. acuminata, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 777, H. Griffithiana, Dene. mss. Pterostelma acuminatum, Wight Contrib. 39; Wall. Cat. 8170; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii, 633. Kauasia Mrs.; alt, 2,000 ft., Wallich, &e. Quite glabrous. Stem stout, 1-2 ft., subscandent and pendulous. Leaves 3-4 by. 1-13 in., elliptic-lanceolate, nerves obscure; petiole 3-4 in. Umbels terminal and axillary, few-fid.; peduncle } in., pedicels 1 in. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliolate. Corolla-lobes 1 in., glabrous, tube puberulous within. Corona shining. Fruit not seen. Scr. III. Ancistrostemma. Corolla reflexed, lobes longer than broad. Column sessile; coronal-processes gibbous and 2-lamellate below, produced upwards into long erect points each with a 2-fid incurved hooked tip. 3. H. Edeni, King in Herb. Hort. Cale. Centrostemma sp., Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Srcurm Hrwataya, alt, 3-6000 ft., Herb. Griffith, J. D. H., &e. Stem rather slender, climbing and rooting. Leaves 3~4 by 1-1$ in., elliptic- or obovate-lanceolate, obtusely caudate-acuminate, base acute, thinly coriaceous, puberu- lous or glabrate beneath ; petiole 3, in. pubescent. Umbels terminal; peduncles 1-4 in., pedicels Lin. Sepals small, ovate, obtuse. Corolla pubescent within; lobes din. long, subacute. Coronal-processes horny, deeply grooved down the back, much ex- ceeding the anthers. Fodlicles 4 in. long, slender, straight. Seeds } in. long. Szot. IV. Euhoya. Corolla-lobes broader than long, spreading or re- curved. Column sessile or subsessile; coronal-processes stellately spreading, inner angle acute or produced into an erect or recurved simple spine. * Inflorescence terminal, or terminal and axillary. + Leaves terete. 4, HL. linearis, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 37, and Cat. 8155; ends of branches and umbels hirsute, leaves 1-2 in. cylindric terete acute, umbels terminal sessile many-fld., corolla glabrous or papillose within, coronal-processes horizontal. Don Prodr. 180; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. SuprroricaL Himaraya; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 3-6000 ft., J. D. A, Treutler. Stem pendulous, 1 ft. and more, flaccid. Leaves 1-2 by } in. diam., straight, midrib glabrous or hirsute; petiole very short. Pedicels 1 in., and linear-oblong ealyx hirsute. Corolla 4-3} in. diam., and corona white. follicles 24 in., slender, straight, pericarp thin glabrous. Seeds 3 in. long—The following varieties are so identical in habit and inflorescence, that I cannot doubt their being conspecific. Wight’s character is drawn from specimens sent him by Wallich consisting of leaves of one plant (linearis) and a detached flower of another, of which specimens (also detached) are fastened on Wallich’s sheet of linearis, and which have glabrous pedicels and minute glabrous sepals ; these may belong to another species. Var. nepalensis; corolla papillosely puberulous within, coronal-lobes ovate flattened above concave beneath.—Nepal. Van. sikkimensis; corolla glabrous within, coronal-lobes longer narrower sub- cylindric. Bot. Mag. t. 6682.—Sikkim, 54 XcV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Hoya. 5. H. teretifolia, Griff. mss.; quite glabrous, stem very slender creeping and rooting, leaves 5—7 in. very slender cylindric quite terete. Upprr Assam ; Patkoy hills, alt. 4000 ft., Griffith. A very singular plant, mentioned under the above name by Griffith in his Journak (p. 69). The leaves, which are rather distant, are curved and (as dried) about 2 in. diam. I have seen no flowers. tt Leaves flat. 6. H. lanceolata, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 33, and Cat. 8164 and 8156 6 (H. parviflora) ; nearly glabrous, leaves 1-2 in. subsessile lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate fleshy, umbels terminal, peduncles and pedicels stout puberulous, corolla puberulous within. Don Prodr. 130; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. Troricat Hmataya; from Kumaon to Bhotan and Kgasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft. Stem stout, climbing; branches long, pendulous. Leaves close set, somewhat, elongate-trapezoid, base acute, midrib very obscure. Umbels 6-10-fid. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla 4 in. diam., lobes acute. Coronal-lobes as- cending, short, thick, obtuse, terete, with a short flat area above, inner angle erect as long as the anther-tip. Follicles 5-6 in., very slender. 7. H. Lobbii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches very stout, leaves 2-8 in. subsessile elliptic or ovate acute or acuminate very fleshy, nerves 6-8 pairs arched spreading, umbels terminal and axillary subsessile, corolla puberulous within, corona very large. Kuasia Mrs. ; Nowgong, alt. 1500 ft , Thos. Lobb. Branches as thick as a goose-quill, woody. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., base narrowly cordate ; midrib rather slender. Pedicels 1 in. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. Corolla purple, 3-3 in. diam., lobes subacute. Coronal-processes ascending, thick, terete, obtuse or subacute, inner angle raised acute as long as the anther tip. 8. H. polyneura, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches stout, leaves 3-4 in. subsessile rhombic-ovate or -lanceolate acuminate very fleshy, nerves very many oblique straight parallel, umbels axillary very shortly peduncled, corolla- lobes papillose within. Hoya, No. 29. Herb. Ind. Or., H.f. & T. Smxm Himataya; Herb. Griffith, alt. 38-5000 ft., J. D. H., Clarke. Branches long, flexuous. Leaves very variable in breadth, broadest 1-24 in the middle, base narrow but rounded ; midrib slender, nerves very close. Pedunele at length thickened and scarred; pedicels slender. Sepals oblong, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla } in. diam., white, disc glabrous. Coronal-lobes red-purple, very short, orbi- cular, flat above, inner angle produced upwards in some specimens into a stout, erect beak which equals the long subulate anther-tip, and downwards into 2 auricles; other specimens have a very short inner angle and short anther-tips. Follieles 4 in., slender, falcate, smooth. Seeds 3, in. long, ovate-lanceolate. ** Flowers in axillary (rarely also terminal) umbels. (Solitary in H. retusa.) + Corolla small, less than } in. diam., revolute, villous within. Staminal column conical. 9. H. parviflora, Wight Contrib. 37; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate very thick and fleshy, peduncles long slender, corolla revolute villous. within, column conical. Wall. Cat. 8156 A; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. ° Tunassrnim ; Moulmein, Wallich. Stem climbing, slender. Leaves 24-4 by 3-2 in.; petiole short, thick. Peduneles- almost as long as the leaves; pedicels 4 in., very slender. Sepads ovate, glabrous. Corolla ¢-} in. diam. Coronal-processes membranous, united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each lobe again longitudinally folded and bifid at the spreading tip. Hoya.) XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 55 Follicles 4 in. long, very. slender.—This. approaches an unnamed Javanese species, but the leaves are more fleshy and the column different. : 10. H. revoluta, Wight mss.; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate acuminate very thick and fleshy, margins strongly recurved, peduncles long slender, corolla revolute villous within, column conical. H. ovalifolia, Walt. Cat. 8160 b. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1127). Stvcarorn, Wallick. Stem climbing. Leaves 13-3 in., midrib and nerves not visible, base acute; petiole 4-4 in., very thick. Pedwncle equalling the leaves; pedicels very slender. Sepals ovate. Corolla } in. diam., pink. “Coronal-processes membranous, united into a conical vertically 5-lobed column, each lobed again, longitudinally folded and pro- duced upwards into an acute point. ll. H. micrantha, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or elliptic- lanceolate acute very thick and fleshy, margins flat, peduncle long or short, corolla revolute pubescent within, column conical. Trnassertm ; Mergui, Griffith. Stem rather stout. Leaves 23-4 by 13-1} in., midrib and nerves not visible ; ‘petiole very short. Peduncle shorter than the leaves; pedicels 4-4 in., filiform. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Corolla 3-2 in. diam. Coronal-lobes lanceolate, suberect, outer’angle 2-fid, back with a boss; anther-tip much longer than the process. 12. H. lacunosa, Blume Bid. 1063; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or rounded-ovate acute base rounded margins thickened, nerves horizontal, peduncle stout, pedicels very short. Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 525; Dene. in DC. Prodr. vill. 688 ‘i Mag. t. 4826, 5272. Otostemma lacunosum, Blume Mus. Bot. 1, 59, t. 11. Matacca; between Jarsing and Aya Bomboo, Maingay.—Disrriz. Sumatra, Java, Borneo. Stem slender, twining. Leaves 1-1} in., very thick, but nerves distinct beneath, 8-5 pairs, base rounded; petiole very short. Peduncle longer than the leaves; pedicels 3-4 in. Sepals very small, ovate, obtuse. Corolla } in. diam., pubescent within. Coronal-lobes ovate, inner angle produced into an ovate obtuse lobe almost as large as the body, incumbent on the anther (which has no tip?).—This differs from the Javanese H. lacunosa, in the much larger inner produced angle of the coronal- processes. tt Corolla 4 in. diam. and upwards, rarely less; lobes usually spreading or incurved. ‘Leaves flat in all. a. Leaves very small, rarely more than 1 in. long. 13. H. Nummularia, Dene. mss.; stem slender minutely rough, leaves very small orbicular shining, flowers many in very long-peduncled umbels. Kauasta Mrs.; at Moosmai, Griffith. Stem creeping and rooting, angular (when dry). Leaves 3 in. diam., shining and reticulate on both surfaces; petiole } in., rather slender. Pedwnele 2 in.; pedicels 3-2 in. Sepals ovate-oblong. Corolla } in. diam., ‘white, pubescent,” Griffith. Coronal-processes too young for description.—Resembles Dischidia khasiana. 14. H. serpens, Hook. f.; stem very slender minutely rough, leaves very small suborbicular opaque papillose on both surfaces, flowers many on long peduncled umbels, corolla tomentose within, coronal-lobes ellipsoid. Srxxim Hrmataya (Herb. Griffith). a Stem creeping and rooting. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., ovate or very broadly elliptic, base rounded or subcordate, nerves obscure; petiole very short, 4-3, in. Peduncle 56 XCV. ASCLEPIADES. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Hoya. 1} in., stouter than the branch; pedicels 1 in. Sepals ovate. Corolla 3-2 in. diam., white, lobes obtuse.—Very similar to H. Nummularia, but the leaves are covered with minute papille (when dry). 15. H. obcordata, Hook. f.; stem very slender minutely rough and here and there hairy, leaves obcordate or obreniform. Sixx Hmrataya ; Chakoong, alt. 4-6000 ft., J. D. H., Yoksun, Clarke. Stem creeping and rooting. Leaves } in. long, sometimes broader than long, lobes rounded, sinus acute, base rounded or subacute, rather thin, opaque, nerves obscurely reticulate; petiole 4-3, in. Flowers in a drawing in Herb. Kew (by Jerdon) in a loose peduncled umbel; pedicels slender. Corolla 4 in. diam., white, lobes triangular with villous margins.—Possibly a form of H. Nummularia or serpens, but if so a very remarkable one. 16. H. vaccinioides, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, branches very long slender pendulous, leaves } in. elliptic subacute fleshy nerves obsolete. Urrrr Assam; Mishmi Mts., by the Thumat river, Griffith. Follicles 3 in. long, slender, straight, pericarp thin. 17. H. bella, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4402; stem petioles and peduncles pu- bescent, leaves 1 in. sub-bifarious ovate acute, peduncles very short, pedicels longer, sepals oblong ciliate. Paxt. Magaz. xv. t. 248; Fl. des Serres, iv. t. 399 (copied from Bot. Mag.). Trnasserim; Taungkota mountain, Moulmein, 7. Lodd. Leaves deep green, recurved, nerveless when fresh, midrib strong beneath; petiole qtin. Peduncle ¢in.; pedicels 3in. Sepals small. Corolla 3 in. diam., pure white, glabrous within; lobes very short, subacute. Coronal-processes violet, boat-shaped, concave above, inner angle acute.—I have seen no specimens. 6. Leaves very narrow, lanceolate oblanceolate or linear, rarely 1 in. broad; nerves invisible or very obscure. 18, H. retusa, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 294; quite glabrous, leaves very narrow gradually dilating from the base to the obcordate broad tip fleshy, flowers subsolitary, corolla puberulous within. Dalz. § Gubs. Bomb. Fl. 153. The Concan; on the Ghats, Dalzell, 8c. Stem very slender. Leaves 14-2 in. by 1-4 at the broad tip, midrib very strong; petiole 4-3 in. Flowers 1-3-nate ; pedicels slender. Sepals minute, ovate. Corolla 3 in. diam., white with a pink corona; lobes very broad, acute. Coronal-lobes hori- zontal, ovate, shorter than the corolla-tube, broad end outwards, inner angle acute. 19. H. pauciflora, Wight Ic. t. 1269 (parviflora in text) ; quite glabrous, leaves 1-2 in. linear-lanceolate obtuse very thick, peduncles very short few- os oe long slender, corolla glabrous within. H. Wightiana, Thwaites Matapar and Travancore; Cochin and Courtallam, Wight. Cryton; central province, alt. 3-5000 ft., Walker, &e. A very slender climber. Leaves rarely more than } in. broad, margins often recurved ; petiole 7,-¢ in. Peduncle scarcely exceeding the petiole. Sepals small, narrow. Corolla } in. diam., white. Coronal-processes pink, short, ovoid, obtuse, concave above, inner angle produced into a recurved spur.—t see no difference between the Ceylon and Deccan plants. 20. HE. longifolia, Wall. in Wight. Contrib. 86; Cat. 8154; glabrous, leaves 4-8 in, narrowly oblanceolate acuminate very fleshy, peduncle long or short smooth and pedicels glabrous, corolla glabrous margins pubescent, Hoya. | xcv. aAscLEPIaDEg. (J. D. Hooker.) 57 -eoronal-processes horizontal. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii, 627 ; ? H. Shepherdii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t, 5269. Tropica Himaraya; from Kumaon to Sikkim, alt. 1-8000 ft. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., Griffith, &e. : Stem stout, climbing ; branches long, pendulous. Leaves very variable in breadth, 4-1} in., midrib obscure, base narrow acute or rounded; nerves hardly visible, very ‘oblique almost parallel to the midrib; petiole very stout, 3-1 in. Peduncle some- times 2 in.; pedicels 1-14 in. Sepals ovate, acute, glabrous. Corolla 3-14 in. diam., lobes subacute. Coronal-processes broadly ovate, flat above with a central boss, convex beneath ; inner angle acute, shorter than the broad anther-tips. Follicles 4-6 in., slender, straight. Seeds # in., lanceolate. 21. H. oblanceolata, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves 4-6 in. narrowly oblanceolate acuminate very fleshy, peduncles very short and thick and pedicels glabrous, corolla puberulous within, coronal-processes sub-erect. Kauasia Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. & T. T. Stem, stout, climbing. Leaves as in H. longifolia, but smaller. Peduncles +1 in., clavate or cylindric, when old 3-4 in. diam. and densely scarred; pedicels slender. Sepals ovate, acute. Corolla 4 in. diam., pale flesh-coloured. Coronal-lobes broadly ‘oblong or subspathulate, inner angle produced into a short obtuse lamella which is much shorter than the subulate anther tip. ce. Leaves broad, ovate oblong elliptic or lanceolate, strongly 3-5-nerved from the base to the middle or higher. 22, HL. latifolia, G. Don. Gen. Syst. iv. 127; glabrous, leaves 5-10.in. ovate or oblong-ovate acute or acuminate very thick shining 5-nerved margins recurved, peduncles solitary or fascicled very thick, pedicels very short puberu- lous, flowers small, coronal-processes shorter than the corolla-tube. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 638. H. macrophylla, Wight Contrib. 38, not of Blume. H. * polystachya, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 45, +. 9. Penance, Wallich. Sincarors, Maingay.—Distris. Java. . Stem very stout. Leaves variable in breadth, 3-5 in., base rounded or cordate, ‘petiole very short and thick. Peduneles 1-2 in., at length cylindric and covered with raised pitted tubercles. Sepals minute, ovate. Corolla} in. diam., pubescent within. Coronal-processes suberect, ovoid, apiculate, upper surface flattened, inner angle acute, under surface deeply grooved. ; 23. H. parasitica, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 37, and Cat. 8159; ' glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. ovate elliptic or lanceolate acute or acuminate 3-5- ‘nerved, peduncles solitary or in pairs short or long slender or stout, pedicels slender long glabrous, coronal-processes longer than the corolla-tube. Wight de. t. 587; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. TH. Hookeriana, Wight Contrib. 37; Wall. Cat. 8153; Dene. lc, 636. Hoya sp. Wall. Cat. 8163. H. pallida, Lindl, in Bot. Reg. t. 951; Paat. Fl. Gard. t. 26, copied in Lemaire Jard. Fleur. +t. 64, Asclepias parasitica, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 42. Assam ; Conulla, Clarke. Kuasta Mrs. ascending to 2000 ft. SunpERBunns, and from Cairracone to Srncapore, Matacca and the Anpaman Isxps. ’ A tall climber, stem stout or slender. eaves extremely variable in length and breadth, much the largest in Khasian specimens, nerves obscure; petiole 3-3 in., very thick. Pedumeles 1-8 in., slender or stout and becoming much thickened and scarred ; pedicels 3-1 in, Sepals small, ovate. Corolla 3 in. diam., pearly white ; lobes glabrous within, always inflexed in dried specimens with the coronal-processes projecting between them; these are ascending, ovate, acute, concave with a mesial ridge above, with the narrow end outwards, and the inner angle very short, white, pink at the junctures.—I have seen no fruit. Except in the large leaves, sometimes 9 in. long, I can find no character for H. Hookeriana, H. cinnamomifolia, Hook. Bot. 58 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Hoya. Mag. t. 4347, has very similar flowers and leaves. Lindley figures the flower of H. pallida as nearly white, Paxton both figures and describes them as yellow. d. Leaves elliptic, oblong, or linear-oblong, penni-nerved, nerves very horizontal (sometimes oblique in H. Griffithii). 24, H. fusea, Wail. Pl. As. Rar. i. 68, t. 75, and Cat. 8157; glabrous, leaves 6-9 in. linear-oblong acuminate fleshy midrib very thick, peduncles short and pedicels very stout, corolla pubescent within. Wiyht Contrib. 37 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 639. Nepat, Wallieh; Srxx1m, alt. 1-4000 ft. Kasra Mrs. and Psev. A stout climber. Leaves 14-2} in. diam., sides nearly parallel ; nerves numerous, quite horizontal ; petiole thick, $-1 in. Peduncles sometimes terminal, }—1 in., pedi- cels as long. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla 3 in. diam., yellow-brown, lobes. spreading. Coronal-processes short, very thick, obtuse, concave above, inner angle ending in an erect or recurved spur as long as the anther-tip. ollicles 4-5 in. long by 4 in. diam., rather thick-walled, straight. Seeds 2 in. long. 25. H. obtusifolia, Wight Contrib. 38; more or less puberulous, stem very stout, leaves 4-6 in, oblong rounded at both ends or tip acute or apiculate. very thick, margins flat, midrib stout, peduncle stout, pedicels and calyx pubes cent, corolla coriaceous pubescent without glabrous within. Wail. Cat. 8167 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 6388; Bot. Mag. t. 4969 (excl. syn. H. velutina). H.. Teysmanniana, Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. 522. _ Tewasserim or ANDAMAN Istps., Helfer. Pznane ? Wallich—Disrrie. Sumatra, Java. Branches as thick as the little finger or less. Leaves 14-24 in., broad, shining, nerves visible only when dried; petiole very thick, 4-1 in. Peduncle 1-3 in., at. length terminating in a cylindric mass of scarred close set tubercles ; pedicels 31 in. Sepals large for the genus, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous. Corolla dull yellow, 14 im diam.; lobes erect, acute. Coronal-processes short, obtuse, suberect, concave in fruit,. inner angle ending in an erect or recurved spine longer than the anther-tip. Follicles not seen. 26. H. coronaria, Blume Byd. 1063, and Rumph, iv. 31, t. 182, f£. 2 and .t. 104; leaves 3-4 in. elliptic or elliptic-ovate abruptly acuminate very thick pubescent beneath, base rounded, margins recurved, peduncle stout and pedicels Jarge, sepals pubescent, corolla coriaceous pubescent without glabrous within, follicles very thick. Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 516. H. velutina, Wight Contrib. 85; Wall. Cat. 8150. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 635. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1125), Punane, ? Wallich.—DistRw. Sumatra, Borneo. Stem stout, twining; young shoots, petioles, leaves beneath and inflorescence: finely tomentose. Leaves 1-2 in. diam., nerves very obscure; petiole thick, 3-4 in. Peduncles }—1 in., pedicels as long. Sepals rounded, thick. Corolla 1-14 in. diam., thick, ‘‘cream white or yellowish speckled with purple,” Maingay; lobes erect. or incurved. Coronal-processes small, waxy, white, nearly hemispherical, very concave above and convex beneath, the inner angle shortly horizontally produced, obtuse. Follicles 6-8 in. long by 14-2 in. diam., subcylindric, obtuse, base gibbous, walls very thick, endocarp hard. Seeds + in. long.—The smaller shorter leaves with revolute margins distinguish this at once from H. odtusifolia ; Wallich’s habitat of Silhet is probably an error for Penang, from which island there is a drawing of this species in Herb. Kew. Perhaps two species mixed here, a purple- and white-flowered. 27, H. elliptica, Hook. f. ; glabrous, leaves 14-24 in. elliptic obtuse at both ends thin in texture nerves very prominent, peduncle very short, pedicels long slender, sepals very small, corolla glabrous without puberulous within. Hoya. | XCy. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 59 Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1187). F _ Stem rather slender, twining. Leaves 1-11 in, diam., intramarginal nerve very distinct ; petiole 2-3 in. Peduncles } in, pedicels 1-14 in., Sepals ovate, obtuse, puberulous. “ Corolla white,” Maingay; lobes obcordate, apiculate, inflexed (when dry). Coronal-processes longer than the corolla-tube, suberect, laterally subcom- pressed, ovate-oblong, obtuse, upper (inner) surface grooved, inner angle produced into a short subulate erect point. 28. H. Griffithii, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves 6-9 in. narrowly oblanceo- late or linear-oblong acute or acuminate very thick, nerves nearly horizontal, peduncle long stout, sepals large coriaceous, corolla 14 in. diam. glabrous. within. Kuasia Mts., Griffith ; Nowgong, alt. 2-4000 ft. J. D, H. & T. T. A stout climber. Leaves distant, 1-2 in. diam., midrib stout, nerves quite obscure in some, in others distinct and forming large areoles; petiole 4-1 in., very thick. Peduncle 2-4 in., as thick as the branch; pedicels 1-1} in., very stout. Sepals 3-2 in., oblong, obtuse, coriaceous. Corolla purple? glabrous within, lobes acute. Coro- nal-processes produced upwards from a suborbicular base into an erect stiff obtuse spur as long as the anther-tip, the orbicular base is 2-lamellate below.—In the large calyx this approaches H. coronaria. It has been flowered at Fallowfield (Manchester) by Mr. Swan. 29, H. imperialis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1846; t. 68 in note, and in Journ. Hort. Soc. v. 80, with woodcut ; leaves 6-9 in. elliptic or linear-oblong obtuse apiculate very thick puberulous or glabrate beneath, peduncles and pedicels long stout, sepals rounded-ovate, corolla 23-8 in. diam., follicles stout woody. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3397, copied in Fl. des Serres, iv. t. 398, 394; Ann. de Gand, 1848, t. 228. 'P H. speciosa, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 635. ? Asclepias Sus- suela, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii. 31, exel. syn. Matacca, Maingay.— Distr. Borneo, ? Amboyna. A lofty stout climber. Leaves 14-24 in. diam., rarely acute, shining, base often. narrowed and cordate, midrib very stout, nerves quite horizontal ; petiole 3-} in. Peduncles 3-10 in.; pedicels 2-3, and sepals pubescent. Corolla leathery, dull purple, puberulous near the corona, lobes triangular acute. Coronal-processes white, laterally compressed, erect, turgid, obtuse, inner angle shortly produced into a subu- late point. Follicles 9 in. long. by 14 in. diam., straight, lanceolate, finely acuminate, pubescent ; pericarp thickly coriaceous, endocarp hard. Seeds 3 in. long. 30. H. Wightii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 3-4 in. long-petioled elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate rarely orbicular acute at both ends thick, margins recurved, nerves distinct horizontal or nearly so, peduncles much shorter than the pedicels, sepals linear-oblong, follicles slender. H. pendula, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 36 (excl. syn.) ; Dene. in DC. Prod. viii. 685; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Fl. 119. H. pallida, Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 152.—Hoya, n. 27, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. Deccan Pentnsvuta; from the Bombay Ghats to the Nilgherry Mts. A stout climber. Leaves 14-2 in. broad, margins often revolute, tip obtuse often produced, nerves loosely netted; petiole 3-1 in. Peduncles $-3 in.; pedicels stout, lin, Sepals glabrous. Corolla 3-$ in. diam., cream-coloured, glabrous within, margins- puberulous. Coronal-processes ascending, short, inflated, obtuse, concave above, inner angle produced into a short erect spur. Follicles 4 in. long, slender, straight, pericarp thin.—For the distinctions between this and H. ovalifolia see the latter plant. The vars. Rheedei and nilgherrensis, Wight, are not distinguishable. e. Leaves orbicular ovate-oblong or broadly elliptic, rarely lanceolate, penni- nerved, nerves arching (not prommently 8-5-nerved from the base). See also. HH. polyneura and H. Lobbi. 60 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Hoya. 81. H. caudata, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves ovate acuminate very shortly petioled very thick margins corrugate, ‘pedicels short filiform, corolla pubescent within lobes tailed. * Maxacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1128). : ‘Stem rather slender but woody. Leaves 2-8 in. diam., sparsely papillose on both surfaces, midrib and arching nerves faint; petiole 2 in., so thick as to appear globose. Peduncle (one only seen) nearly 2 in., with a thickened scarred tip; pedicels 4 in. Sepals linear-lanceolate, glabrous. Corolla 3 in. diam., ‘white, suffused with pink,” Maingay ; lobes triangular, ending in slender tails of their own length. Coronal- processes horizontal, elliptic-ovate, broadest end outwards, concave above, inner angle produced into a long subulate spur, which is much shorter than the very long filiform anther-tips. 32. H. Arnottiana, Wight Contrib. 36; quite glabrous, leaves 3-8 in. elliptic or lanceolate thick acute or acuminate, nerves distinct, peduncles long or short stout, pedicels long, corolla glabrous within, coronal-processes large exceeding the tube. Wail. Cat. 8161; Dene.in DC. Prodr. vill, 638.—Hoya n, 88, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Trorrcat Hrmaraya; Nepal, Wallich. Srxxrm ; alt. 1-3000 ft, J. D. H. Upper Assam; Suddya, Griffith. A lofty climber. Leaves very variable, 2-4 in. diam.; petiole }-1 in. Peduncle 1-8 in.; pedicels 1 in. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse. Corolla 3 in. diam., scarcely papillose within, cream-coloured, lobes spreading, subacute. Coronal-processes white, ovate, subacute with the narrower end outwards, concave above, inner angle acute, shorter than the anther-tip. 33. H. ovalifolia, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 37; quite glabrous, leaves 2-4 in. elliptic. or elliptic-ovate or -oblong or -lanceolate obtuse or acute very thick, nerves distinct, peduncles and pedicels stout, corolla glabrous within, coronal-processes exceeding the tube. Wight Ic. t. 847 (not good); Wall. Cat. 8160 a; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 638; Thwattes Enum. 198; Past. Fl. Gard. t. 23, copied in Lemaire Jard, Fleur. t. 64, f. 2. Nincuerry Mrs. and Mancatorg, Wight. Cryzon, in the Ambagamowa district, Walker, &c. Stem slender. Leaves often subfascicled, 1-1} in. broad, very variable, acute at both ends; petiole 2-2 in. Peduncle short; pedicsls }-3 in. Sepals ovate, obtuse, glabrous. Corolla 3-3 in. diam., pale straw-coloured ; lobes broad acute. Coronal- ‘processes ovate, obtuse, broader end inwards, concave above, inner angle cuspidate. Follicles 5-6 in., very slender, curved, pericarp thin.—The arching nerves, flat leaf- margins and large corona distinguish this from H. Wightit. 34. H. globulosa, Hook. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, ii. 732, f. 115; more or less hairy, leaves 5—7 in. long-petioled elliptic or oblong cuspidate or acumi- nate base rounded midrib very stout, nerves distinct, peduncle long, pedicels villous, corolla nearly glabrous within. Floral Magazine, 1860, t. 406.—Hoya n, 80 and 33; Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Srzmxm Himatraya; alt. 1-3000 ft, J. D. H, Clarke. Assam; Muku hills, Simmonds. Cacuar, Keenan. Cuirtacone; at Seetakoond. J. D. H. & T. T. A stout climber, more or less hairy, the hairs long but very deciduous. Leaves 2-84 in. diam., much like those of H. fusca, but with arching nerves; petiole }-1 in. Peduncle 3-4 in.; pedicels 1 in. Sepals rounded. Corolla 4 in. diam., cream- coloured; lobes short, incurved. Coronal-processes short, broadly elliptic, pink, concave above, inner angle produced into an erect spur which is shorter than the large broad anther-tips. ollicles 12-16 in. long, very slender, cylindric, pericarp thin. Seeds 4 in. long, slender. Hoya. | XOV. ASCLEPIADES. (J. D. Hooker.) 61 35. H. Thomsoni, Hook. f.; petioles and leaves beneath sparsely pilose, leaves 2-8 in. oblong or obovate-oblong acuminate very thick, umbels axillary, peduncle short puberulous tip at length thickened and scarred, corolla-lobes with fringed margins glabrous or pubescent within.—Hoya, n. 12, H.f. & T. Kauasia Mrs.; Churra, alt. 3-4000 ft., J. D. H. § T. T. Stem slender, rooting. Leaves not very fleshy, 2-14 in. broad, midrib obscure, base obtuse or rounded, nerves very faint, arched; petiole j-} in. Peduncle 4-1 in., pubescent; pedicels glabrous or sparsely puberulous. Sepals glabrous, ovate, acute. Corolla $ in. diam., lobes acute. Coronal-processes obovate with the broad end out- wards, concave above with a boss, inuer angle produced into a short erect spur as long as the anther-tip.—The pubescence of the leaves is very obscure in dried specimens. 86. HL. diversifolia, Blume Bijd. 1064; quite glabrous, leaves 2-3 in, broadly obovate or elliptic obtuse or apiculate very thick margins recurved, nerves indistinct, peduncles and short pedicels stout, corolla puberulous within, follicles very thick. Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 518; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 637. H. orbiculata, Wall. in Wight Contrib. 36; Wall. Cat. 8151; Dene. 1. c. —Sussuela esculenta, Rumph. Herb. Amb. v. 467, t. 175, f. 2. Burma; at Prome, Wallich. Mazacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1180).—Duisrris. Java, Amboyna. A stout climber. Leaves 13-23 in. diam., base acute or rounded, nerves arched ; petiole 4-4 in. Peduncle 3-4 in., very thick; pedicels about 3 in. Sepals small, elliptic, obtuse, glabrous (ciliate, Maingay). Corolla 3 in. diam., cream-coloured ; lobes broad. Coronal-processes pale pink, short, thick, ovate, with the broad end out- wards concave above, with a boss near the centre, inner angle produced into a short, erect spur shorter than the anther-tip. follicles 6 in. long., 3 in. diam., falcate, sublinear; pericarp thick, apparently } in. or more. Seeds about } in. long. 87. H. coriacea, Blume Bid. 1063; Rumphia, iv. t. 187 ; nearly glabrous, leaves 3-5 in. long-petioled elliptic or oblong or obovate-oblong acute or acumi- nate thinly coriaceous reticulated, base rounded, midrib and slender nerves. very distinct, peduncles and pedicels long, sepals linear pubescent, corolla villous within. Miguel Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 521; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 638; Bot. Mag. t. 4518, copied in Fl. des Serres, t. 578; Paat. Fl. Gard. i. f. 553 Lemaire Jard. Fleur. t. 87. H. Brunoniana, Wight Contrib. 37; Wail. Cat. 8163; Dene. 1. c. 636. Penance, ‘ Wallich. Manacca, Griffith, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1131, 1134).— Distr. Java, Borneo. A stout climber. Leaves variable, 14-24 in. broad, shining above, far more thin than in any Indian congener; petiole 4-3 in. Peduncle 2-5 in.; pedicels 3-1 in. Sepals as long as the corolla-tubey Corolla 2 in. diam., dirty straw-coloured or reddish ; lobes incurved when dry. Coronal-processes white, ovoid, inflated, subacute, the narrow end outwards, inner angle cuspidate shorter than the anther-tip, “ pollen- masses very slender, with trigonous pedicels and minute corpuscles,” Maingay.—The comparatively membranous leaves with conspicuous reticulate nervation, unlike that of Hoya, at once distinguish this species. 38. H. pendula, Wight Ic. t. 474 (not of Contrib.) ; branchlets and umbels sparsely hairy, leaves 13-3 in. elliptic-ovate or -lanceolate acute thick nerves distinct, margins recurved, peduncles short, pedicels longer, sepals lanceo- late, corolla-lobes silkily villous. Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 152. Asclepias pendula, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ui. 36. Deccan Pentnsura; the Cirears, Roxburgh; Western Ghats, and the Concan,. Nimmo ; Nilgherry hills, Wight. ; odie ; Stem rather slender, hairiness very inconspicugus. Leaves 13-24 in. diam., like- those of H. ovalifolia, but margins recurved when dry, base narrow or rounded ;. 62 Xcv. ASCLEPIADEHZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Hoya. petiole 1-1 in. Peduncles 4-§ in.; pedicels 1-1} in. Sepals shorter than the corolla-tube. Corolla 2 in, diam., white. Coronal-processes (mutilated) as long as the corolla-tube, apparently ovate, with the inner angle shortly spurred.—The only specimen I have seen is an unnamed one in Wight’s Herbarium; the plate in his Icones is a copy of Roxburgh’s drawing, which represents a much larger leaved plant than the specimen. 39. H. Maingayi, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves 7-8 in. elliptic-lan- ceolate or oblanceolate finely acuminate very thick nerves reticulate distinct very oblique, peduncle very short thick, pedicels longer, sepals small obtuse, coronal-processes longer than the villous corolla-tube. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. 1136). Stem stout. Leaves 23-3} in. diam. at or above the middle, reticulate on both surfaces, base narrow; petiole }-3 in., very thick. Peduncle 4-1 in., thickened and searred ; pedicels 1 in. Corolla 4-2 in. diam., pale pink, lobes short, obtuse. Coronal- processes ovate, acute, narrow end outwards, above concave with a mesial ridge, inner angle apiculate shorter than the anther-tip. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. H. crassirouia, Haw. Succ. Pl. Suppl. 8; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 640. Scholera erassifolia, Jacg. Eclog. t. 2; Traill. in Trans. Hort. Soe. vii. 22; from India; with leaves described as excessively thick, obsoletely spotted, petals truncate or obtuse, is unknown. Wight (Contrib. 38) refers it to the Chinese H. carnosa, Br., which name it would supersede. H. Fintaysonu, Wight Contrib. 38; Wall. Cat. 8166; Dene I.c.; stem stout, leaves 5-7 by 2 in. ovate-lanceolate obtusely acuminate densely thick penni-nerved, nerves prominent on both surfaces arched, intramarginal very distinct, petiole short stout.—Singapore, Wallich; Siam,? Herb. Finlayson. H. eymnantuera, Wight. Contrib. 37; Wallich’s sheet of this consists of a leafless twig of a Hoya with buds, and a good specimen of Parsonsia spiralis. H. nicoparica, Br. in Wight Contrib. 36 (note under H. pendula, W. & A.); Dene. J.c.—Nothing is known of this. H. oprosira, Don Gard. Dict. iv. 128 (Sperlingia opposita, Vahl ; Wight Contrib. 67), is H. Rumphii, Blume, a Moluccan plant. . H. Watuicuiana, Dene. 1. c. 635; said to be mixed with Wallich’s n. 8165 (Z. latifolia), appears from Decaisne’s description to be H. coronaria, Bl. H. verticirrata, G. Don Gard. Dict. iv. (Sperlingia verticillata, Vahl. Shrivt. Naturhist. Selsk. Kiobenh, vi. 118), said to be a native of India, is unknown to me. H. sp.? Amongst the drawings in Herb. Kew is one of a Hoya from Penang, with ovate-lanceolate acuminate 3-ple nerved leaves 6 in. long suffused with purple, red and white flowers } in. diam. having long flexuous hairs on the corolla, the corolla-lobes are obtuse and the coronal-processes red. 45. PHYSOSTELMA, Wight. A twining glabrous shrub. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, shining. Flowers large, umbelled. Sepals small, narrow. Corolla cup-shaped, lobes very short. Coronal-processes 5, very large, ovoid-oblong, obtuse, adnate to the anthers, spreading and ascending; margins reflexed. Column very small; anthers con- niving over the stigma, tips inappendiculate ; pollen-masses one in each cell, ovoid-oblong, erect. Stigma flat. Follicles long, cylindric, smooth. Seeds comose. P. Wallichii, Wight Contrib. 40; Wall. Cat. 8171; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 633. P. campanulatum, Dene. Jc. Hoya campanulata, Blume Bid. 1064; Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 54; Bot. Mag. t. 4545. Cystidianthus cam- panulatus, Hassk. Cat. Hort. Boj. 126; Blume Mus. Bot. i. 57. Physostelma.] -xcv. ascLEprapnw. (J. D. Hooker.) 63 Smvcaporse; Wallich.—Distrip. Java? Leaves 3-5 by 14-24 in., elliptic-oblong, acuminate, coriaceous, nerves reticulate ; petiole } in. Oymes globose, 3-4 in. diam.; peduncle 1-2in., stout; pedicels as long, slender. Corolla 1-14 in. diam., pale yellow, lobes apiculate. Colwmn 4 in. diam., ‘the radiating coronal-processes narrowly oblong, horny and yellow when dry. 46. PYCNORHACHIS, Benth. A hairy twining undershrub. eaves opposite, very shortly petioled, mem- branous, villous. lowers black-purple, in reflexed pairs spirally disposed round the long fleshy branches of an axillary racemiform cyme. Sepals subulate. Corolla-tube short, thick, throat annulate; lobes elongate, subulate-lanceolate from a broad base, hairy within, valvate in bud. Coronal-scales 5, spreading at the base of the column opposite the anthers. Column short, adnate to the middle of the corolla-tube ; anther-tip long, subulate, hyaline; pollen-masses one in each cell, long, slender, shortly pedicelled, cylindric, waxy, erect. Ovary sunk in the calyx-tube ; stigma obtusely conical, 5-angled, much shorter than the anther-tips; ovules many. llicles curved, cylindric, obtuse, glabrous. Seeds comose. P. Maingayi, Hook. f. Matacca ; very rare, Maingay. Branches hispidly hairy. Leaves 4-6 by 14-2 in., oblong-obovate, acuminate, villous on both surfaces, base narrowly cordate or 2-lobed at the insertion of the petiole ; nerves 10-12 pair, spreading ; petiole 3 in., villous. Cymes 8-6 in. long, branches few, 3 in. diam. Corolla 3 in. long, dark purple ; annules of throat fringed with hairs. Corpuscle slender. follicles 5 in. long by % in. diam., sickle-shaped.— - Description chiefly from that and the drawings of the discoverer of this very curious genus, which resembles no other. Trine V. CEROPEGIEZ. 47. LEPTADENTA, Br. Erect, rigid, almost leafless, or twining, hoary or glabrous, leafy shrubs. Leaves elliptic or ovate-cordate. Flowers small, in crowded axillary umbelli- form cymes. Calyx turbinate, shortly 5-lobed. Corolla rotate ; lobes pubescent or bearded, margins recurved, valvate in bud. Corona double, corolline of 5 scales between the corolla-lobes ; staminal of a raised undulate wing at the ‘base of the anthers. Column short; anthers inflexed, obtuse, tips appendicu- late; pollen-masses one in each cell, globose, sessile, erect, tips pellucid. Stigma included, flat, 5-gonal, 2-cuspidate. Follicles rigid, acuminate, smooth. Seeds comose, flat, winged.—Distris. Species 12 ; tropical Asia and Africa. 1. L. reticulata, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 47; twining, leafy, leaves ovate- cordate or elliptic acute glabrous or hoary beneath, cymes peduncled hoary. Wight Ic. t. 850; Wall. Cat. 8197; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii.628. L. appen- diculata, Dene. l.c. LL. imberbe, Wight Contrib. 48; Wall. Cat. 8198. L. brevipes, Wight Cat. 15386; Dene. J.c. Cynanchum reticulatum, Retz. Obs. ii. 15. ©. asthmaticum, Herb. Ham. °C. ovatum, Thunb.; Dene. lc. 548. Secamone canescens, Sm. in Rees Cycl. Asclepias tuberosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 38. A. volubilis, Herb. Madr. Gymnema aurantiaca, Wall. mss. Eastern Ponsas, at Amballah, Edgeworth ; and from Banna southwards through the Deccan Peninsuta. Burma, Wallich. Stncarore, Lobb. Cryzon, at Amoor- adhapoora, Gardner.—Distris. Ava, . Bark corky ; young branches, &c., hoary. Leaves 1-2 in., coriaceous, pale, both 64 xcv. ascLeprapes. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Leptadenia. surfaces alike, nerves very faint ; petiole }-} in. Cymes solitary or in pairs, $-1 in. diam.; many-fid.;. peduncles shorter or longer than the petioles. Calyx-lobes obtuse. Corolla + in. diam., thick, pubescent on both surfaces; tip of lobes keeled and thickened on the face, most so at the tips; tube glabrous, shining from the adnate corona which is continued halfway down the middle of the lobes. ollicles 23-3 in. long, 4-2 in. diam., turgid, straight, smooth, almost woody; beak thick, curved. Seeds 4 in., long, narrowly ovoid.—I think this hardly differs from an East African species. 2. L. Spartium, Wight Contrib. 48; erect, leaves narrowly linear or 0, cymes subsessile few-fld. hoary. Wail. Cat. 8199; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 629; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 63. LL. pyrotechnica, Dene. in Ann. Se. Nat. 1838. 269, and in DC. Prodr. i.c. L. Jacquemontiana and gracilis, Dene. Ul. ce. Cynanchum pyrotechnicum, Forsk.; Del. Fl. Egypt, t. 20. Sarcostemma pyro- technica, Br. Prodr. 453. Microloma pyrotechnica, Spreng. Syst. i. 855. M. angustifolia, Herb. Ham. The Punzaz and Scrnpz, eastwards to the Jumna.—Distris. Beluchistan, Arabia, Egypt, Senegambia. A glabrous shrub 3-4 ft. high, with long erect twiggy branches. Leaves when present 3-4 by } in., acuminate, shortly petioled, leathery. Flowers as in L. reticu- lata, but smaller, 4 in. diam. Follicles 5 in. long, 4 in. diam., terete, straight, pro- duced into a very long slender straight beak. 48. ORTHANTHERA, Wight. An erect twiggy leafless shrub. FVowers small, in dense-fid. peduncled woolly cymes. Sepals lanceolate, eglandular. Corolla salver-shaped, tube ovoid, equalling the lanceolate valvate lobes. Corona double; corolline of minute scales between the corolla-lobes ; staminal a raised undulate ring below the anthers. Column ovoid, anther-tips inappendiculate ; pollen-masses globose, sessile, erect. Stigma imcluded, flat, 5-gonal. Follicles elongate, cylindric, opening out flat after dehiscence. Seeds comose. O. viminea, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 48; Royle Ill. t. 66; Dene, in DC. Prodr. viii. 626, and in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 109, t. 105. Apocynea viminea, Wall. Cat. 7478. Norra-west Iypu ; along the base of the Himalaya, alt. 1-3000 ft. from Peshawur and the Punjab to Oudh. Branches stout, erect, as thick as a crowquill. Peduncles 4-1 in.; flowers shortly pedicelled, very woolly. Sepals equalling the corolla-tube. Corolla villous outside, glabrous within ; lobes keeled down the centre of the face. Follicles erect, _ 5 in. long—The long sepals and salver-shaped corolla are such strong generic characters that I do not follow the “Genera Plantarum” in uniting this genus with Leptadenia. : 49. BRACHYSTELMA, Br. Erect or twining pubescent or glabrous herbs with tuberous roots. Leaves opposite, sometimes very narrow or minute. Flowers few, in axillary sessile umbels or solitary, pedicels very slender. Corolla (in the Indian ‘species) rotate; lobes 5, elongate, valvate. Corona short, adnate to the column, annu- lax, variously 5-10-lobed or -toothed, lobes or teeth erect or incumbent on the anthers. Colwmn very short; anthers ovoid, tips inappendiculate, retuse ; pollen-masses one in each cell, sessile, globose, erect, one margin pellucid. Stigma nearly flat. Follicles slender, smooth. Seeds comose.—DistR1B, About 14 African species, and the following. Brachystelma.] xcv. ascLepiapuz. (J. D. Hooker.) 65 There are probably in India many species of this singular genus, which owing to their slender habit and inconspicuous flowers may be overlooked. I cannot find any character whereby to distinguish Eriopetalum, Wight, from Brachystelma. The fol- lowing descriptions are all very imperfect. * Stem erect. 1. B. levigatum, Hook. f.; leaves minute subulate, umbels sessile, corolla glabrous or puberulous, segments thrice as long as the tube, corona with a broad 2-toothed lobe between the anthers, and as many narrow oblong ones opposite them. Eriopetalum levigatum, Wight Contrib. 35; Wall. Cat. 8149 ; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 646. Gomphocarpus levigatus, Ham. NortTHERN OvpvE; at Gorukpore, Hamilton. Root the size of a small potato. Stem 12-18 in., pubescent upwards. Umbels minutely hispid, as are the subulate sepals. Flowers pendulous, $ in. diam., pale dirty purple, with pale green segments. ollicles 3 in, long, erect.—Described partly from a drawing in Herb. Kew. t 2. B. parviflorum, Hook. f.; leaves long slender almost filiform glabrous, flowers solitary very long-pedicelled, corolla villous segments twice as long as the tube, corona shortly irregularly toothed. Eriopetalum parvi- florum, Wight Contrib. 35; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 646. Norru-wzstern Inpia; Doongie, Royle (Wight), Leaves 4 in. by 3, in., acuminate. Pedicels 1-2 in. long, bracteate at the base. Flowers 3 in. diam., white with a few spots on the tube and purple hairs- on the margins and segments. Sepals subulate-—Described from a flower and drawing in Herb. Wight. 3. B. attenuatum, Hook. f.; segments of corolla filiform 4-5 times as long as the tube villous, corona shortly irregularly toothed. Eriopetalum attenuatum, Wight Contrib. 35; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 646. Norru-western Inpia; Doongie, Royle (Wight). Flower 2 in. diameter.—I have seen only a single flower in Herb. Wight. 4, B. maculatum, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves long slender almost fili- form, umbels sessile, corolla-lobes 2-3 times as long as the spotted tube keeled above down the middle glabrous except a few scattered long cilia, corona with 5 subulate teeth opposite to and much higher than the anthers. Canara or Mysore, Law. Stem 10-12 in. Leaves 3-4 by y, in. Flowers 2-8 together, 3 in. diam. Sepals quite glabrous, subulate. 5. B. glabrum, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves narrowly linear-lanceo- late or strap-shaped acute, umbels sessile, corolla puberulous lobes linear obtuse three times as long as the tube, corona very short, minutely toothed. Deccan Penmnsuta, Beddome. ae Stem 6 in. Leaves 1-8 by 3-} in. Flowers } in, diam. ** Stem twining. 6. B. volubile, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves long linear slender, umbels peduncled, cerolla-lobes many times longer than the tube with very long scattered hairs, margins incurved, column very depressed discoid, corona form- ing a low broad obtusely 5-angled cup round its base. The Carnatic; on the Cuddapa hills, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome. Stem several feet long. Leaves 3-5 by 3-2 in. acuminate. Umbels 2-3-fid. VOL. IV. EF 66 Xcv. ascLepiapEsa. (J.D. Hooker.) [Brachystelma. Corolla 1 in. diam., purplish, lobes crenulate. Colwmn inserted by a very small base. 7, B. Beddomei, Hook. f.; glabrous, leaves very slender elongate acu- minate, umbels peduncled 8 fid., corolla-lobes many times longer than the tube glabrous cohering by their tips corona with 5 very broad rounded lobes. Cero- pegia brevitubulata, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 174. Mysore; Vellore hills, alt. 1000 ft., Beddome. : . Glabrous, except the puberulous cyme. Leaves in distant pairs, 3-4 by 3-4 in., narrowed to the sessile base. Pedwncle £ in.; bracts setaceous ; pedicels ¢ in. Sepals setaceous. Corolla quite glabrous, pale without, purple within; segments 1 in. long, very narrow, flat. Corona with the processes opposite the anthers so entirely confluent with them as to appear to be absent.—This singular species has the corolla of Brachystelma with the segments cohering by their tips as in Ceropegia; it unites the characters of these genera. 50. CEROPEGIA, Linn. Twining, rarely erect herbs, often with a tuberous rootstock. Leaves opposite, sometimes minute or 0. Flowers in axillary peduncled umbelliform cymes, rarely solitary, often large, white or greenish and purple. Sepals nar- row. Corolla-tube elongate, straight or curved, often swollen at the base, throat dilated or not; lobes very various, broad or narrow, erect or incurved with cohering tips, often at length recurved or reflexed. Corona adnate to the column, annular or cupular, 5-10-lobed and with 5 long or short ligulate pro- cesses within that are free or adnate to the anthers. Column short; anther short, obtuse ; pollen-masses one in each cell, short, erect, sessile, with one pel- lucid margin. Stigma depressed or shortly 2-lobed, included. Follicles usually slender, terete, smooth. Seeds comose.—Disrrrs. Species about 50; tropical Asian, African and South African, with a few Malayan and Australian. Herbarium materials do not suffice to enable me to discriminate satisfactorily the species of this most difficult genus, and still less to describe them accurately. The classification I here propose is quite artificial. * Stem erect, rarely flexuous or twining. 1. GC. pusilla, Wight Ic. t. 1261; dwarf, puberulous, leaves linear, corolla straight, lobes linear erect much shorter than the tube, tips puberulous. Wall. Cat, 8140; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 643. Deccan Peninsura ; Nilgherry and Anamallay Mts., alt. 7-8000 ft., Wight, &e. Tuber $-1 in. diam. Stem 3-6 in. Leaves rather crowded, 1-8 by 3-4 in, narrowed at the base. Flowers solitary or 2-8-nate, erect. Sepals $+in. Corolla 1 in., tube narrow, base ovoid. Coronal lobes 5, triangular, acute, 2-fid, ciliate ; pro- cesses narrowly linear, three times as long. follicles 2 in., narrowly fusiform. _ 2. ©. spiralis, Wight Ic. t. 1267; quite glabrous, leaves very narrowly linear, corolla straight, lobes narrowly linear contorted as long as the tube fimbriate at the base. Deccan Peninsvza ; Balaghat hills, Madras, Wight; Cuddapa hills, Beddome. Stem slender, 4-6 in. Leaves 4-8 by 3-2 in., margins recurved. Flowers solitary, shortly peduncled. Sepals filiform, 4-3 in. Corolla 2 in. long, base slightly inflated, mouth hardly dilated. Coronal lobes 5, triangular, acute, glabrous; processes slender, three times as long. 3. C. fimbrifera, Beddome in Madras Lit. Soc. Journ. 1861, 58, and Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 172; finely pubescent, leaves narrowly linear, corolla straight, Ceropegia. ] XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 67 Jobes as long as the tube narrowly linear erect or twisted together, fimbriate at the base with gland-tipped hairs. ?C. Munroi, Wight Ic. t. 1264. Travancore; rocky place on the Anamallay hills, alt. 3-4000 ft., Beddome. Stem 4-9 in., slender, glabrous below. Leaves 4-6 b’ 3+4 in., narrowed at the ‘base and gradually from the middle to the tip. Pedwncles 4-1 in., 1-4-fld. Sepals filiform, in. Corolla-tube subcylindric, green outside, purple within ; lobes narrowed downwards from above the middle, basal margins reflexed, fimbriate with long slender hairs. Coronal lobes 10, triangular, ciliate; processes linear-spathulate, four times as long.—C. Munroi is only known from the very insufficient drawing engraved in ‘Wight’s Icones. Beddome has suggested to me its being a twining or flexuous form of this species, which becomes scandent in cultivation. 4, G. attenuata, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 867 ; pubescent, leaves linear or linear- lanceolate, corolla straight lobes linear erect as long as the tube naked. Dalz, & Gtbs. Bomb. Fl. 154; C. angustifolia, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 259; Date. §& Gibs. l.c. C. spiralis, Herb. Ind. Or, H. f. & T. Tur Concan; near Vingorla, and rocky pastures near the sea in Malwan, Dailzell, Stocks, &e. ‘ Stem 6-12 in., slender or rather stout. Leaves 2-6 by 4-4 in., narrowed at the base. Peduncles short, axillary, usually 1-fid. Sepals filiform,}—4in. Corolla 2-23 in. long, base swollen, mouth dilated, lobes very narrow from a triangular base, the margins of which are not reflected. Coronal lobes 5, triangular, entire or 2-fid, ciliate; processes narrow, 4 times as long. Follicles 3 in. long, very slender, terete, torulose. Seeds 3, in., oblong, compressed, margins very thick, coma 4 in. 5. C. Lawii, H. f.; pubescent, stout, leaves long-petioled ovate, peduncles many-fid., corolla slightly curved lobes small elliptic naked incurved very much shorter than the very narrow tube. Ocropegia n. 25, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Sours Concan, Law, Stocks. : Tubers 2-5 in. diam. Stem often as thick as a goose-quill, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 by 13-2 in,, acute, sometimes rounded; petiole 3-1 in. Peduncle 1-1} in. strict; bracts minute; pedicels short. Sepals minute, recurved. Corolla 1-1} in. long, base scarcely swollen ; lobes A} in., incurved, forming a small subglobose head. Coronal lobes 10, obtuse, short, ciliate ; processes slender, four times as long. 6. C. Wallichii, Wight in Bot. Mag., note under t. 38267, and Contrib. 32; puberulous, stem very stout, leaves ovate or rounded subsessile, flowers fasci- cled, corolla straight lobes oblong obtuse densely fimbriate within erect much shorter than the tube. Wall. Cat. 8143; Royle Ill. t. 66, f.3; Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 644. Centrat and Western Himataya; Nepal, Wallich; Kumaon at Nainital, alt. 6500 ft., Strachey and Winterb. Stem 8-12 ft. in., as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves 2-23, puberulous or glabrate above, tip obtuse acute or rounded. Pedumnele very short; pedicels crowded, 3-4 in. ; bracts setaceous. Sepals filiform, } in. Corolla 14 in., tube narrow, base inflated, mouth funnel-shaped acutely 5-angled ; lobes forming a narrow oblong obtuse crown 44 in. long, ciliate with short fusiform stout hairs. Coronal-lobes 10, triangular, ciliate, processes four times as long. Fodlicles 1 foot long. ** Stem twining. Leaves fleshy. Calyx minute. Oorolla small, straight (rarely 1 in. long) narrow ; mouth slightly dilated; lobes short, narrow, erect, fleshy. 7. G. bulbosa, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 11, t. 7, and Fl. Ind. ii. 28; leaves various, corolla-tube slender, lobes linear from a triangular base villous within, corona glabrous lobes minute or obsolete, processes filiform straight. F2 68 XCV. ASCLEPLIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ceropegia. From Western Invi; the Punjab and Upper Gangetic plain as far east as Allahabad, southwards to Travancore. ; ; = Root tuberous. Stem very slender. Leaves excessively variable (see the varieties). Peduncles }-1 in., 3-5-fid.; pedicels short. Sepals J; in. long. Corolla rarely 1 in. long, greenish, base moderately inflated mouth obtusely 5-angled; lobes 3-3 the length of the tube, purple within. Follicles 4 in. long, slender, terete, pericarp thin. Seeds 3 in. long, linear-oblong, wing membranous. ; : Var. 1. bulbosa proper; leaves petioled 1-2 in. rarely more orbicular oblong elliptic obovate or obcordate acute or apiculate, rarely elliptic lanceolate, base acute rounded or cordate. OC. bulbosa, Roxb. l.c., Wight Contrib. 32, and Jc. t. 845, and in Hook Bot. Misc. ii. 99 and Suppl.t.2; Wall. Cat, 8141; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 153; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 117; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 643. Var. 2. Lushii; leaves subsessile very narrowly linear 4-8 by 2+ in. C. Lushii, Grah. in Bot. Mag. t. 3300; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 154; Grak. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 117; Dene. lc, 644. “Bombay, in the Kasersaya jungles, Dr. Lush. Var. 3. esculenta, leaves 4-5 by 1 in. shortly petioled linear-lanceolate. C. esculenta, Zdgew. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 204; Aitchison Cat. Punjab. Pl. 90. Punjab and Mooltan. 8. C. Wightii, Graham in Bot. Mag. t. 3267 ; leaves subsessile or shortly petioled elliptic-lanceolate apiculate or acute, corolla-tube slender, lobes linear from a triangular base, corona glabrous, lobes 5 minute obtuse, processes short broad curved. Wight Contrib. 30; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 641. East Invixs, formerly cult. in the Edinburgh Bot. Gardens. Probably a form of (. bulbosa, from Bombay. *** Stem twining, stout. Leaves very small or 0. 9. C. juncea, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 12, +t. 10; quite glabrous, fleshy, leaves if present elliptic-lanceolate acute, calyx small, corolla funnel-shaped above the middle, lobes erect nearly as long as the tube. Wight Contrib. 30; Wall. Cat. 8184; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl.153; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 117; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 641. Deccan Peninsuxa, from Bombay and the Circars to Tanjore and Mysore. Root tuberous. Stem simple, as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves very remote, often suppressed, rarely 1 in. long, subsessile. Pedunele stout, 4-1 in., 3-5-fid.; pedicels short, stout. Sepals +in., subulate. Corolla greenish, speckled and veined with purple, base inflated, lobes linear from a triangular base, tips fimbriate within. Coronal lobes 10, short, ovate, obtuse, ciliate; processes filiform with hooked tips. Follicles 7 in. long. **** Stem twining, leafy. Leaves membranous. Flower 1 in. long and upwards, rarely less. T Corolla-lobes much shorter than the tube, very broad, forming a hemi- spherical or broadly conical crown over the much-dilated broadly funnel-shaped throat of the tube. Corolla curved, base much inflated in all. 10. G. elegans, Wall. in Bot. Mag. t. 3015, and Cat. 8185; quite gla- brous, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, corolla-lobes broadly ovate acute ciliate with very long hairs, coronal lobes 10 subulate or linear glabrous almost as long as the straight linear processes. Wight Contrib. 81, and Ic. t. 1265; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 642. ? C. sphenanantha, Wight §& Arn. Contrib. 81; Wall. Cat. 8138; C. sphenanthera, Dene. 1. c. 648. Marazar and Travancorg, on the mountains from the Nilgherries southwards. Cryton, alt. 3000 ft., Walker, &c. Leaves 2-4 by 1-1} in., acute or acuminate; petiole $~1in., very slender. Peduneles 3-2 in.; flowers subumbellate ; pedicels short; bracts subulate. Sepals filiform, COecropegia. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 69 glabrous. Corolla 13-13 in., spotted with dark purple, base globose or oblong and gibbous, crown #1 in. diam. Follicles 7-9 in., very slender, terete, membranous. Seeds nearly 4 in. long, linear, convex on one face, deeply grooved on the opposite one.—TI can detect no character, except perhaps the shorter and more obtuse coronal lobes, whereby to distinguish C. sphenanantha. : _ The coronal lobes are described by Wight as hirsute, but they are perfectly glabrous in ten flowers I have examined, and they are so represented in a drawing made in the Caleutta Garden, and in another made from specimens grown at Kew. Wight’s specimen is accompanied with a loose sketch of a hairy corona, placed in a cover with a loose flower, in which latter the corona is glabrous. ll. G. mysorensis, Wight Ic. t. 846; glabrous or petioles and leaf- nerves beneath minutely hairy, leaves ovate acuminate, corolla-lobes ovate naked, coronal lobes long subulate glabrous, processes filiform. Mvsorz and Travancore; on the Pulney Mts., Wight. This very closely resembles C. elegans in habit, and the form and size of the flowers, but the latter are of a very pale straw colour or greenish, and the lobes are entirely naked. Leaves 14-2 in. long. Sepals din. subulate. Corolla 1-1 in. 12. ©. Walkeriw, Wight Ic. t. 1266; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or ‘ovate-lanceolate acuminate, corolla-lobes ovate naked, coronal lobes 10 linear, glabrous nearly as long as the linear processes. Cryton, Walker, Wight. Very similar to and probably a variety of C. mysorensis, but the leaves are 3-4 in, long, the sepals are longer, 3-4 in., the corolla much larger, 2-23 in. long, blotched ‘with purple, the tube narrower above the globose base, and the coronal lobes different. 138. ©. Gardneri, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5306; quite glabrous, leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, corolla-lobes ovate-cordate ciliate, coronal lobes 10 linear ciliate, processes rather longer linear. Thwattes Enum. 199. Czyton; Ramboddy, alt. 4-5000 ft., Gardner, &e. Except by the ciliate coronal lobes I do not see how dried specimens of this can be distinguished from C. elegans. According both to the figure in the Botanical Magazine, and to a sketch made in Ceylon, the leaves are purplish beneath. Thwaites, who joins both C. mysorensis and Walkerie with C. elegans, regards. Gardneri as distinct, but does not say on what grounds. According to drawings sent by him to Sir W. Hooker, the Cingalese plant called by him C. elegans has very broad leaves, a greenish corolla spotted pale-purple with a hemispheric crown of green cordate lobes tipped with dark purple and fimbriate at the tips only, whereas C. Gardneri has a deep purple black corolla with a depressed crown of much broader lobes ciliated at the base only, The follicles and seeds of Thwaites’ specimen of Gardneri precisely accord with those of C. elegans. 14. C. longifolia, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 56, t. 73, and Cat. 8136 ; sparsely puberulous, leaves shortly petioled elongate- or linear-lanceolate acuminate, corolla-lobes ovate ciliate, coronal lobes 10 lanceolate ciliate, processes linear twice as long. Wight Contrib. 31; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 642. CO. lanceo~ lata, Wight l.c.; Wall. Cat. 8189; Dene. I. c. 643. Centrat Himataya, Nepal, Wallich; Kumaon, alt. 4-5000 ft., Edgeworth. Stem with a line of pubescence. Leaves 5-8 by 3-1} in., base acute or rounded ; petiole 4-3 in. Peduncle 1-1} in., hairy ; pedicels fascicled, }-} in.; bracts subulate. Sepals 3 in., very slender. Corolla 1} in., green spotted dark purple, tube curved; lobes very broadly ovate. Follicles 6 in. long, very slender. Seeds 4 in., linear- oblong, concavo-convex.—Approaches C. lucida, differing in the much broader shorter head of the corolla and longer sepals. Wight describes C. lanceolata as glabrous and -as having the coronal lobes shorter than the column, thus placing it in a different 70 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ceropegia. section from C. longifolia, but there is no difference whatever between the authen-- tically named specimens of these species in either Wight’s or Wallich’s Herbaria. The foliage closely resembles that of C. angustifolia. +t Corolla-lobes shorter than the tube (nearly as long in C. pubescens),. oblong obovate linear or elliptic, forming « couical ellipsoid ovoid or beaked crown over the not greatly dilated throat. a. Leaves and peduncles perfectly glabrous. 15. G. tuberosa, Roxb. Cor. Fi, i. 12, t. 9; quite glabrous, leaves fleshy from orbicular apiculate to lanceolate acuminate, corolla straight, lobes 4 shorter than the tube suddenly contracted from a triangular base into linear cohering appendages that are at first connate throughout their length and villous within. Weght Contrib. 33, and Ie. t. 353; Wall. Cat. 8145, excl. A; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 154; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 117; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 644. C.. acuminata, Dalz. § Gibs. l.c. not of Roxb. CO. mucronata, Roth Nov. Sp. 179. C. Candelabrum, Roxb. Hort. Beng. 20, and Fl. Ind. ii. 27, not of Linneus. Deccan Peninsvuta; from the Concan southwards, common. Root tuberous. Stem slender. Leaves 1-4 in. (fleshy, Dalzell), base acute or rounded ; petiole 3-2 in. Peduncles 1-8 together, 3-3 in.; pedicels fascicled or sub- paniculate ; bracts minute. Sepals subulate, 4 in. recurved. Corolla 1-2 in., base: somewhat inflated, mouth slightly dilated. Coronal loves ciliate, very short. Follicles: 4-5 in. long, slender. Seeds 2 in. long, linear. 16. G. Candelabrum, Linn. Sp. Pl. 211; glabrous, leaves oblong acute- or apiculate base cordate, peduncles pendulous, flowers whorled erect, corolla- base globose, lobes very short ovate acute united by the tips only. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 643.—Rheede Hort, Mal. ix. t. 16. Mazazar, Rheede; at Mangalor, Perrottet (Dence.). Stem slender, Leaves 2-3 by 1-1} in.; petiole 1 in. Peduncles 3 in.; pedicels % in.; flowers 10-12 in a whorl. Sepals small. Corolla 13 in—I have seen no specimen of this striking species. 17. G. Hlliottii, Hook. f.; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic acute, peduncle pendulous, flowers erect, corolla straight green base somewhat inflated, lobes very short ovate acute united at the tips only, coronal lobes obsolete, processes glabrous linear. Deccan Pzninsvta ; Sinhachalam hills, near Vizagapatam, Sir W. Elliot. Root tuberous. Stem rather stout. Leaves 4 by 14-2 in., base subacute ; petiole lin. Peduncles 24-3 in.; pedicels upcurved, $-3 in. Corolla 12 in., rather narrow above the swollen base, striped purple within, lobes pubescent at the tips within. Follicles 4 in. long, beaked.—Described from an excellent drawing given by Sir W. Elliot to General Beddome. It comes far nearer to C. Candelabrum than does any other species. 18. G. acuminata, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. xii. t. 8, and Fl. Ind. li. 29; quite: glabrous, leaves short-petioled succulent elongate-lanceolate finely acuminate,. peduncles short, corolla small straight, lobes short linear connate by their tips only, coronal lobes 5 minute, processes long filiform. Wight Contrib. 32; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 643. The Cracars; at Samulcottah, Roxburgh. Root tuberous. Stem slender. Leaves 3-4 by 3 in., base acute, not. 8-nerved ; petiole gin. Pedwnele } in., 4-6-fid.; pedicels }in. Sepals small. Corolla 2 in., white with purple streaks and lobes, base swollen, mouth dilated ; lobes 4in., cohering by the tips only.—Described from Roxburgh. Wight suggests its being only a variety Ceropegia.] XCV. ASCLEPIADES. (J. D. Hooker.) 71 of C. dulbosa, but the short corolla-lobes are very different. Roxburgh’s locality, Samulcottah, has never been explored by a subsequent botanist. 19. G. intermedia, Wight Ic. t. 1263; quite glabrous, leaves long- petioled ovate or elliptic-lanceolate finely acuminate base 3-nerved, corolla straight, lobes subspathulate villous within connate by their tips only, coronal lobes 5 very short or 0 ciliate or glabrous processes long dilated upwards. OC. tuberosa, Wall. Cat. 8145 A. O. Oandelabrum, Thwaites Enum. 199. Travancore; Courtallam and Dindygul, Wight; Anamallay hills, alt. 2500 ft., Beddome, Czyton, in the hotter part of the island, Walker, Thwaites. Root fibrous (Beddome). Stem slender. Leaves 2-8 by 3-12 in., pale yellow- brown when dry; petiole 3-3 in. Peduncles 1-2 in., 3-6-fid., pedicels }-4 in, Sepals subulate. Corolla 1-1} in., pale purplish, base inflated, lobes much shorter than in C, tuberosa.—Wight figures the coronal lobes as obsolete and the processes as hairy at the base ; I find 5 minute glabrous lobes. He further figures the lobes of the corolla as linear, but describes them as subspathulate. An excellent drawing from Thwaites of what appears to be this species (his C. Candelabrum, C.P. 774) has purple branches. Wallich’s 8145 A, from Heyne, appears to be the same, ? Var. Wightii; leaves lanceolate acuminate, corolla-lohes broader glabrous, coronal lobes ciliate—-Courtallam, Wight—Wight calls this C. acuminata, but it differs from Roxburgh’s drawing in the leaves with slender petioles and strongly 3-nerved at the base. 20. GC. Thwaitesii, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4758; quite glabrous, leaves elliptic ovate or ovate-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles 2-3-fld., corolla 2-23 in. base ovoid, throat funnel-shaped, lobes oblong, tip not contracted obtuse erect half the length of the tube, coronal lobes subulate ciliate half as long as the linear straight processes. Travancore ; at Courtallam, Wight; Peermede Ghat, Beddome., Cxyxon; central province, Gardner, &c. Stem rather stout. Leaves 3-4 by 14-2 in., petiole 3-14 in. Pedunecles stout, 1-2 in., pedicels 3-1 in. Corolla curved, green with purple blotches above the middle of the tube, and a purple band across the lobes above the middle. Follicles (in Peninsular specimens) 10 in. long, very slender. Seeds 3 in. long—The leaves are figured and described in Bot. Mag. as ciliolate, but I do not detect this in the only Ceylon example I have seen (a most incomplete one). B. Leaves and peduncles pubescent or hispid. 21. ©. hirsuta, Wight §& Arn. Contrib. 33; hirsute or pubescent, leaves from linear or lanceolate to ovate-cordate acuminate, peduncles hispid, sepals long slender, corolla 13-2 in. long, base ventricose, lobes suberect oblong obtuse ciliate 4 of the length of the tube, coronal processes hooked. Deccan Peninsuxa ; from the Concan to Travancore. A coarse climber, more or less clothed with subbispid spreading hairs. Leaves 2-4 in.; petiole 4-1 in. Peduncles 3-2 in., very hispid; pedicels 7-3 in. Sepals iin, very slender. Corolla greenish, blotched with purple. Corona very variable, but the processes always broad and curved or hooked at the tip. odlicles 4 in. long, slender. Seeds 3 in., narrowly oblong.—After a very tedious examination of the corona in specimens collected at various places between Bombay and Travancore I conclude that the following are referable to one variable plant, an opinion in which I am confirmed by Colonel Beddome; vars. 1-4 are all mixed in Stock’s and Dalzell's Herbaria, and none being authentically named I cannot positively say which answers to the species described in the Bombay Flora. Var. 1. hérsuta proper ; all over hirsute except the corolla, coronal lobes 5 short triangular 2-fid ciliate much shorter than the processes. C. hirsuta, Wight 1. 0. ; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 641. 72 XCY. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ceropegia. Var. 2. vincefolia; branches glabrous, leaves less and more softly pubescent ovate-cordate, peduncles hispid, coronal lobes 5 short rounded emarginate ciliate. C. vincefolia, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3740; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 153; Dene. in DC, Prodr, viii. 642.—I have seen no authentic specimen of this. Var. 3. ophiocephala, hirsute all over except the corolla, leaves hispid on both surfaces, lobes of corolla oblong obtuse narrowed and purple at the base yellowin the middle, tips green, coronal lobes 10 obtuse 2-fid connate nearly to the tips yellow bordered with purple. C. ophiocephala, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 259; Dalzell § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. i. 54. Van. 4. Jacquemontiana ; hirsute all over except the corolla, leaves softly tomen- tose, “lobes of the corolla broader upwards entirely green,” Dailzeil, coronal lobes united to the middle ciliate. ?C. Jacquemontiana, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 641; ? Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 158,—Carli, Jacquemont. Iam doubtful if Dalzell’s plant is Jacquemont’s. Decaisne describes the latter as having the lobes of the corolla nearly as long as the tube, which is not the case with any of the forms I have re- ferred to hirsuta. Var. 5. stenophylla; leaves narrowly linear, margins flat or recurved.—Pulney Mts., Herb. Wight; Anamallays, alt. 3500-5000 ft., Beddome. One of Wight’s specimens has no coronal lobes, the other and Beddome’s have 6 rather large 2-toothed ciliate ones. Beddome describes the roots as fibrous, 22. C. oculata, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4093 ; branches glabrous, leaves ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate ciliolate, peduncles hispid, corolla 2-24 in. long base large much inflated, lobes erect lanceolate half the length of the tube, tips contracted pubescent, coronal lobes short ciliate 2-toothed, processes slender straight erect. Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 151. The Concan ; Bombay, Miss Jones, Dailzell. Leaves 4-6 by 14-23 in., membranous ; petiole 3-1 in. Peduncle 14-2 in., 4-8-fid. Sepals 3-3 in., slender, nearly glabrous. Corolla very pale, spotted with purple below the lobes ; lobes green above the middle, pale, erch with a large purple blotch below it.—Described chiefly from the Bot. Mag., where the leaves are said to have glands above at the insertion of the petiole, which is not the case with the plants in Dalzell’s Herbarium which I refer to this species. It no doubt varies greatly from the above characters. But for the erect straight inner coronal processes I should be disposed to refer this to C. hirsuta (see also 30, C. Stocksii). 23. ©. ciliata, Wight Ic. t. 1262; branches hairy above, leaves linear- to ovate-lanceolate acute or acuminate pubescent above and beneath, peduncles very long hispid very many-fid., corolla $ in. gently curved, base slightly swollen, lobes very narrow linear erect one-third the length of the tube, coronal lobes 5 very short 2-toothed ciliate, processes slender hooked. Nitcuerry and Putney Mrs., Wight, Beddome. Hispidly pubescent nearly all over. Root tuberous. Leaves 2-3 by 1-2 in., base acute rounded or cordate, petiole 4-5 in. Peduncles 1-5 in., very stout, sometimes shortly branched and 20-Hd.; pedicels 3-4 in. Sepals slender, hispid, 3-4 in. Corolia greenish, lobes lead-coloured, tips forming an oblong head. Follicles 3 in. long. 24.0. angustifolia, Wight Contrib. 31; branches and peduncles pubescent on one side, leaves narrowly elongate-lanceolate pubescent above ciliolate, peduncles few-fid., corolla 13-2 in. nearly straight base slightly in- flated, lobes short suberect broadly obovate glabrous one third the length of the tube, coronal lobes 10 lanceolate ciliate, processes straight linear rather longer, C. longifolia, Herb. Ind, Or. H. f. § T. Kuasra Mts. alt. 4-6500 ft., Wallich, &c. An extensive slender climber. Leaves 2-9 by 4-4 in., rather coriaceous, minutely pubescent above, finely acuminate, margin often recurved ; petiole?-3in. Peduncles Ceropegia. | XCY. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 73 4-14 in. 3-6-fid.; pedicels }4 in. Sepals glabrous, subulate,} in. Corolla pale purple, lobes quite glabrous forming an ovoid crown.—Except in the small sepals, much narrower corolla mouth and form of the lobes and crown, this is almost identi- cal with the Nepalese C. longifolia. 25. G. pubescens, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 81, 187, and Cat. 8144 B.; sparsely pubescent or glabrate, leaves long-petioled ovate acuminate, peduncles glabrous 3-00-fid., sepals small, corolla 9-24 in. straight base hardly swollen lobes linear erect from an ovate base cohering from the middle glabrous nearly as long as the tube, coronal lobes minute or obsolete ciliate, processes linear erect. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 644. Temperate Himazaya; Nepal, Wallich; Sikkim, alt. 3-8000 ft, J. D. Z., Treutler. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., J. D. H. Branches slender, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-7 by 14-3 in., very membranous, base sometimes cordate, sparsely pubescent on both surfaces or glabrous, ciliolate ; * petiole 1-2 in. Peduncle 3-24 in. Sepals 34 in., recurved. Corolla-tube pale dirty purple, sub-cylindric, mouth hardly dilated; lobes yellow with purplish tips forming 2 long-beaked crown.—This approaches closely C. twberosa, but is always more or less pubescent and it has much longer corolla-lobes. Amongst Cathcart’s drawings (in Herb. Kew.) is one apparently of this species having a green corolla with yellow - bases to the lobes. Wallich’s 8144 A. (Herb. Heyne) is probably C. tuberosa, but the ‘specimens are undeterminable. 26. G. Hookeri, Clarke mss.; minutely pubescent, leaves short-petioled ovate acuminate, peduncles 1-2-fld., sepals minute, corolla 1 in. long straight base Swollen, lobes short linear-lanceolate one third the length of the tube, coronal lobes minute or obsolete ciliate, processes slender erect. Ceropegia, n. 28, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Sixxm Himataya ; Lachen, alt. 8-10,000 ft., J. D. H. Stem very slender and as well as the petioles leaves on both surfaces and peduncles ‘sparsely minutely hairy. Leaves 1-2 by 8-1 in., very membranous ; petiole 4-3 in. Peduncles shorter or rather longer than the petioles. Corolla short, dark purple, narrow from above the base to the mouth, which is rather contracted, lobes gently curved forming a short ellipsoid crown. ttt Corolla-lobes as long or nearly as long as the tube (or shorter in C. -odorata).—See also 25, C. pubescens. a. Corolla-tube broadly funnel-shaped upwards from above or below the middle. 27. G. lucida, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 33, t. 139 and Cat. 8183; quite glabrous, leaves ovate or lanceolate, peduncles many-fid., sepals small, corolla 14-2 in. curved, lobes linear from a lanceolate base tips dilated ciliate, coronal Jobes 10 short triangular ciliate, processes linear-spathulate. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 641. Srzet, at Terrya Ghat, Wallich, J. D. H.g T. T. Cacuar, Keenan, Burma at Prome, Wallich, An extensive climber; root irregularly tuberous. Leaves 4-7 by 13-3 in., mem- branous; petiole 3-14 in. Peduncles short, 3-1 in.; pedicels as long. Sepals ¢-4 in. Corolla scarcely dilated at the base, green spotted with purple, lobes inflexed from above the base, tips brown connate by all the dilated part. 28, GC. Decaisneana, Wight Ic. t. 1259; quite glabrous, leaves short- ; poled elongate- or linear-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles 1-3-fld., sepals long liform, corolla 24-8 in. curved base very largely inflated, lobes linear from a 74 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Ceropegia.. lanceolate base, coronal lobes 5 linear forked at the tip villous half as long as the slender linear straight processes. Nitenerry Mrs.; at Sispara Ghat, Wight, &c. Root tuberous. Stem rather stout. Leaves 4-7 by 3-14 in., membranous, base- acute, margins obscurely ciliolate; petiole 3-4 in. Peduncle slender, 1-5 in.; pedi- eels 1-3 in. Sepals 4-4 in., sometimes puberulous. Corolla large, pale, spotted with pale purple, inflated base sometimes 3 in. diam., lobes sometimes longer than the tube, tips slightly dilated. Coronal lobes rigid, yellow with purple tips. 29. ©. brevicollis, Hook. f.; leaves ovate or lanceolate acuminate puberulous on both surfaces, peduncle sparsely hairy 3-6-fld., sepals filiform, corolla 2 in. long curved, base very broadly inflated, tube with a very short neck and broad funnel-shaped limb, lobes erect linear from an ovate-lanceolate base, tips incurved, coronal lobes obsolete, processes linear erect. Travancore; Anamallay hills, alt. 2500 ft., Beddome. Stem slender, glabrous. Leaves very variable, 24-6 by 14-2 in., membranous,. sometimes linear-oblong; petiole 3-1} in. Peduncles slender, 1-2 in., glabrous or sparsely hairy; pedicels slender, $-14 in. Sepals 4. Corolla-base obliquely inflated, dilating again shortly above the inflation into a broad funnel; lobes longer than the tube, linear for half their length. 30. ©. Stocksii, Hook. f.; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate acuminate- puberulous on both surfaces, peduncles 3-00 -fid. hispid, sepals filiform ; corolla 24-3 in. straight base slightly inflated, lobes erect linear from a small base, tips incurved, coronal lobes 5 short broad ciliate, processes linear straight. The Concan, Stocks. An extensive climber. Leaves 2-5 by 3-2 in., membranous; petiole 4-1 in.. Pedunele stout, 1-14 in. ; pedicels very short, hispid. Sepals }4in. Corolla large. —This closely resembles C. ocwlata, differing in the long linear corolla-lobes. It may be a form of that plant; if so, the corolla affords a most treacherous character. B. Corolla-tube narrow, subcylindric above. 31. ©. macrantha, Wight Contrib. 31; nearly glabrous, leaves short- petioled elliptic-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles short pubescent many-fid., sepals filiform, corolla curved tube narrow base swollen, lobes slender erect linear glabrous cohering from above the middle, coronal lobes ovate-lanceo- late villous, processes straight linear. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 642. Troricat Himataya; Kumaon, alt. 4500 ft., Royle, &c.; Sikkim, alt. 2-5000 ft.,. J. D. H., Treutler. An extensive rather stout climber; branches glabrous. Leaves 4-7 by 14-3} in., very membranous, glabrous or sparsely puberulous on both surfaces, base acute; petiole ¢-} in. Peduncles longer and stouter than the petioles; pedicels 4—-$ in.;. bracts many, subulate. Sepals 4 in. Corolla pale, base sometimes globose, lobes. bye a broad ovate base, above it forming a long straight beak. Follicles 4-5 in. ong. 32. C. Arnottiana, Wight Contrib. 32; nearly glabrous, leaves short-- petioled narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate acuminate, peduncles short few-fid., sepals small, corolla 2 in. narrow straight base hardly inflated, lobes. very slender erect longer than the tube, coronal lobes 5 short obtuse notched subciliate, processes linear straight. Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 644. a Mrs., Zobb. Burma at Prome, Wallich. Tsnassertm; Moulmein, Lobb. : Stem very slender, glabrous. Leaves 3-5 by 3-1 in., rather firm, glabrous or- minutely puberulous above, ciliolate; petiole 4-4 in. Peduncle 4-1 in. slender; Ceropegia. | XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 75 pedicels very short; bracts setaceous, Sepals + in. Corolla sub-cylindric; lobes lanceolate at the base, tips slightly dilated. Follicles 4 in. long, slender. Seeds 3, in. long, linear-oblong. 33. G. odorata, Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 118; nearly glabrous, leaves short-petioled lanceolate acuminate, peduncles short hispid many and dense-fld., corolla 1 in. slender straight base not swollen, lobes very narrow erect, coronal lobes minute glabrous. The Concan ; Salsette, Nimmo, Law. Stem slender, glabrous. Leaves 3-4 by 3-3 in., rather firm, glabrous or minutely puberulous above ; petiole 3-4 in. Peduncles 3-2 in., pedicels very short; bracts squarrose. Sepals }in., recurved. Corolla one of the narrowest of the genus, yellow, sweet-scented, lobes variable in length, at first united by the tips, soon free. 34. ©. ensifolia, Beddome Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. 173; stem glabrous, leaves subsessile or short-petioled elongate linear acute or apiculate nerveless finely reticulate, peduncles hispid often very long, sepals small, corolla 1 in. slender straight base inflated, lobes linear erect, coronal lobes. 5 short obtuse ciliate, processes long linear erect. Travancore; Anamallay hills, alt. 3-3500 ft., Beddome. Root tuberous. Stem very. slender. Leaves 4-7 by 4-4 in., firm, glabrous or minutely puberulous above, finely reticulate beneath ; petiole 0-4 in. Peduneles 1-5 in., often bearing a succession of fascicles of flowers; pedicels very short. Sepals 2 in. Corolla greenish-white, lobes as long or longer than the tube. Follicles 6-7 in. 35. ©. albiflora, Hook. f.; pubescent, leaves short-petioled ovate- or linear-lanceolate nerves distinct oblique, peduncles hispid often very long, sepals subulate, corolla 14-2 in. slender straight base not inflated, lobes linear erect, coronal lobes 5 very short ciliate processes long linear erect. TRAVANCORE ; near Peermede, alt. 3500-4500 ft., Beddome. Very similar to C. ensifolia, in habit, inflorescence, bracts, &c., but, as I am assured by Colonel Beddome, quite distinct, more hispidly pubescent, with much broader distinctly nerved leaves and white flowers. The peduncle is sometimes 8 in. long, and bears 4 or 5 remote sessile fascicles of flowers. 86. C. Beddomei, Hook. f.; sparsely pubescent, leaves subsessile elon- gate linear-lanceolate acuminate, nerves very slender, peduncle stout hispid few-fid., sepals filiform, corolla 3 in. long slightly curved, tube slender swollen below funnel-shaped above, lobes slender elongate erect villous within, coronal lobes very short notched ciliate processes broad hooked. TRAVANCORE ; Peermede, alt. 2500 ft., Beddome. Cocutn, Johnston. Stem hispid above. Leaves 5-6 by 4-4 in., rather firm, finely acuminate, narrowed. to the base, sparsely puberulous on both surfaces, midrib strong, nerves few and extremely fine. Peduncle 1-3 in. stout, pedicels short. Sepals i—4+in. Corolla dark purple, 4 in. diam. at the mouth, lobes gradually narrowed from the base to the tips. —I have seen but one good specimen of this, Colonel Beddome’s; that from Cochin is imperfect, and appears to have straight coronal processes. DOUBTFUL AND UNDESCRIBED SPECIES. C. micans, Nimmo, and C. arcra, Nimmo, from the Concans, and mentioned by name only in Graham Cat. Bomb. Pl. 118, are unknown to me. C. sirtora, Linn. Fl. Zeyl. 46, and Sp. Pl. 211; from Ceylon. The only charac- ter given for this, ‘‘ peduncles 2-flowered,” may apply to any Ceylon species. Wight refers it doubtfully to C. ¢uberosa, which is not a Ceylon plant. 76 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Frerea, 51. FREREA, Dai:. A low fleshy quite glabrous erect shrub, branches terete. Leaves oppo- site, oblong. Flowers large, solitary or in pairs, axillary. Sepals tri- angular-ovate, acute. Corolla rotate, lobes broad, acute, valvate. Corona a low broad, 5-angled ring round the column, with 5 broad short truncate or retuse spreading lobes alternating with 5 long narrow processes opposite the anthers and inflexed over them. Column very short; anthers retuse, inappen- diculate; pollen-masses one in each cell, short, erect, one margin pellucid. Stigma flat, included. Follicles terete, smooth. Seeds comose. F. indica, Dalz. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 10, t. 3. The Concan ; hill foot near Hewra, alt. 3000 ft., Dalzell. Branches very short, $ in. diam., nodose. Leaves sessile, 1 in., sometimes spathu- lately obovoid, obtuse or retuse. Flowers very shortly dicelled. Corol/a purple. Corona as in Boucerosia, from which the genus differs in habit.—Described from Dalzell’s figure and characters. 52. CARALLUMA, Br. Fleshy, erect, nearly leafless herbs, with very thick subterete or angular stems and branches. Leaves minute and caducous, or 0. Flowers solitary, or in pairs at the upper nodes. Sepals acute. Corolla broadly campanulate ; lobes 5, narrow, valvate. Corona annular, adnate to the column, 5-lobed, lobes 2-cuspidate, with a ligulate process at the sinus on the inner face which over- laps the anther. Column very short; anthers short, retuse, incumbent on or confluent with the stigma, tips inappendiculate ; pollen-masses one in each cell, short, erect, one margin pellucid. Stigma flat. Follicles slender, smooth, terete. Seeds comose.—DistRip. Species 4; Western India and Arabia. The corona is that of Boucerosia, but the habit and inflorescence are very different, the stem and branches gradually narrowing upwards and becoming very slender. I hhave had to describe the species for the most part according to drawings in Herb. Kew. * Corolla glabrous within. l. G. edulis, Benth. Gen. Pl. 782 ; stem and branches subterete 4-grooved, corolla glabrous, tube inflated, lobes ovate-lanceolate. Boucerosia edulis, Edgew. mn Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 205, t. 1. B.- ascendens, Wall. Cat. 8146, in part. B, Stocksiana, Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 64., a The Punsas ; at Rawul Pindee, Aitchison ; Mooltan, Edgeworth. Sprnve, Stocks. Erect, 6~18 in. high, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 3 in, long, ovoid-lan- ceolate, acute, fleshy, caducous. Flowers 4 in. diam., purple within. — 7 2. G. adscendens, Br. in Mem. Wern. Soc. i. 25; stem 4-angled slender terete above, branches glabrous, tube short funnel-shaped, lobes lanceolate acute. Wight Contrib. 38; Wail. Cat. 8146, in part; Dene. in DC, Prodr. viii. 647. Stapelia adscendens, Roxb. Cor. Pl. i. 28, t. 30. ay Deccan Prninsvta ; in arid places, Wight. rere Stem ascending, 1-2 ft. high ; branches slender above. Flowers 4 in. diam., dark purple within. - eT ae i ** Corolla fringed or hairy within. 3. G. attenuata, Wight Jc. t. 1268, and Ill. t. 155 , fig. B.; stem Caralluma. | XCV, ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) 7 4-angled, branches slender and terete above, corolla-tube short funnel-shaped, lobes fringed with long hairs. Sovrn Deccan Mrs. ; Nilgherries, Pulneys, &., Wight, &c. Cocuin, Johnstone. Cryton ; between Kandy and Badulla. Habit of C. adscendens, but differing according to Wight’s plate in the larger flowers with deeply fringed petals. The Ceylon plant, according to a drawing from ‘Thwaites, is smaller with much smaller flowers borne on the 4-angled stems, not on slender terete branches as in the Peninsular one; it is possibly C. fimbriata. 4. GC. fimbriata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 7, t. 8; stems much diffusely branched 4-angled to the ends of the branches, corolla rotate, segments copiously fimbriate. Wight Contrib. 34; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 155. Deccan Peninsuta; from the Concan southwards, in arid rocky places.—Disrris, Ava. Wight refers the Peninsular to the Ava plant, remarking that the flowers of the former are much larger (they are 1 in, diam. in Wallich’s drawing), but finds no other difference. In both the arms of the coronal lobes are long subulate and hooked. —Amongst Wight’s drawings is one of a plant with the habit of fimbriata, that is, bearing the flowers on the curved 4-angled ends of the branches, but with short ovate ciliate corolla-lobes, green, banded with purple, ending in fimbriate linear tips. If this is Wight’s fimbriata, it differs much from Wallich’s. 53, BOUCEROSIA, Wigit & Arn. Fleshy leafless herbs, with thick 4-angled stems, angles toothed. Flowers terminal, rather large, solitary or umbelled, more or less purple. Sepals narrow. Corolla campanulate or rotate; lobes 5, short, broad, valvate. Corona annular, adnate to the column, 5-lobed ; lobes 2-fid, subulate, erect or spreading with a linear fleshy process on the inner face at the sinus inflexed over the anther. Column minute, short ; anther-tips inappendiculate ; pollen-masses one in each cell, sessile, erect, suborbicular, compressed. Stigma low, conical, 5-angled, tip truncate depressed. Follicles slender, straight, terete, smooth. Seeds flat, winged, comose.—DistR1B. Species 12; Spain, North Africa, Arabia, Western Indi For the definition of the species of this genus (as of Caralluma) I have had to depend mainly upon published and unpublished drawings and definitions. 1. B. umbellata, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 34; stem very stout, flowers in dense umbels, corolla glabrous. Wight Ic. t. 495; Wall. Cat. 8147; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 648. Stapelia umbellata, Roxb. Cor. Pl, iii. t. 241, 8. Calla- mulia, Ham. Deccan PentnsuLa; common in arid localities. Cryzon; rocks near Kornegalle, Thwaites. Stem erect or ascending, simple or sparingly branched, 1-2 ft. high, 1-2 in. across the obtuse thick crenate angles. Umbels 2-4 in. diam., globose, dense-fld. Corolla 1-1} in. diam., streaked closely concentrically with purple. follicles 4—7 in. long by Zin. diam. Seeds 3 in. long, oblong. ? Var. campanulata; angles of stem thin, corolla smaller without the purple streaks more tubular. 3B. campanulata, Wight Ic. t. 1287.—Wight distinguishes this as above, but Thwaites unites it with wmbellata, and in the Herbarium they are in- distinguishable, except by the smaller flower and narrower lobes of the corona; its native locality is unknown. 2. B. crenulata, Wight § Arn. Contrib. 34; stems very stout, flowers in dense umbels, corolla with long scattered hairs over the whole inner surface. 78 XCV. ASCLEPIADEZ. (J. D. Hooker.) [ Boucerosia. Dene. in DC. Prodr, viii. 648. B. lasiantha, Wight Ic. t. 1286. Caralluma crenulata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 6, t. 7. Deccan Pentnsuta; Nuggur hills, near Madras, Wight.—Distrin. Ava. Apparently similar in habit to B. wmbellata, differing chiefly in the hairy inner surface of the corolla. 3. B. diffusa, Wight Ic. t. 1599 ; diffuse, branches very stout, flowers in dense umbels, corolla-lobes fimbriate on the margin only. Travancore; arid rocks, alt. 2000 ft., Wight. “The very diffuse habit, a single plant covering many square feet of surface, the minute cauline teeth, small sepals, and distinctly tubular corolla of. this plant, com- bine to mark the species as very distinct from any of its Indian congeners,” Wighél.c. 4. B. Hitchinia, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 649; stem slender diffusely branched, flowers few in an umbel, corolla hairy within. Hitchinia indica, Wight & Arn, Contrib. 35; Wight Ic. t. 355; Wall. Cat. 8148. The Carnatic and Crrcars, Wight, &c. i : Branches 4 in. diam. Flowers shortly pedicelled. Corolla 3 in. diam. Coronal obes shorter than in B. wmbellata, inner process larger in proportion and decurrent, 5. B. paucifiora, Wight mss.; Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 648; stems slender diffusely branched, teeth or angles recurved, flowers solitary, corolla | hairy within. Sour Carnatic; at Palamecottah, Wight. I have an unpublished lithograph of this plant made for Dr. Wight, and there are ‘specimens in his Herbarium, but not sufficient for full analysis; the stems are as slender as in B. Hitchinia, the corolla campanulate, 1} in. diam. with broad short acute lobes banded closely with purple, and the inflexed process from the corona is short and very broad. 6. B. Aucheriana, Dene. in DC. Prodr. viii. 649 ; stem short branched, flowers capitate, corolla-lobes lanceolate glabrous pustular above. Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 63. Dry hills in the Western Ponsas; the Saltrange, &c.—Disrars. Affghanistan, Beloochistan, Persia, Arabia. : Plant 2-6 in. high; branches me in. diam. Sepals ovate-lanceolate. Corolla 4 in. diam., dark purple, more deeply divided into narrower lobes than in any of the southern species. Follicles 3-4 in., tips capitate. Orpen XCVI. LOGANIACEZ. (By C. B. Clarke.) Trees, shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite (rarely ternate), undivided ; stipules various or 0. Inflorescence cymose, terminal or axillary, simple or compound ; cymes sometimes subcapitate, sometimes reduced to solitary flowers. Flowers regular. Calyx inferior, small, 4~5-toothed or -lobed. Corolla 4—5-lobed or -partite. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the corolla-tube, alternate with the lobes ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free, 2-celled ; style simple, stigma capitate bifid or 2-partite ; ovules one or more in each cell, placentee on the dissepiment or basal in the inner angle. Fruit capsular septicidal, or baccate indehiscent, 1-- seeded. Seeds various, albwmen copious; embryo straight, long or short.— Species 350, tropical and subtropical. ; Trisz I. Huloganies. Ovary with many ovules in each cell, Mitreola.] XCVI. LoGantacEz. (C. B. Clarke.) 79 * Herbs ; corolla valvate ; capsule compressed, didymous. . ‘Cymes 2-3-chotomous. Corolla B-lobed . . . . . . « . 1. Mrveeona. Pedicels solitary or clustered. Corolla 4-lobed . . . . . . 2. Mitrasacme, ** Shrubs or trees, Corolla imbricate, Capsule 2-valved. 3. Buppreta. ‘Corolla valvate. Capsule 2-valved . . . . . . . . « « 5, NORRISIA Corolla contorted. Fruitindehiscent. . . . . . . . . . 4. Fagraa. Corolla valvate. Fruit indehiscent : 6. Strycunos. Trisz II. Gaertnerise. Ovary with 1 ovule in each cell. ‘Corolla tubular. Anthers nearly included in the tube. . . . 7. GAERTNERA, Corolla subrotate. Anthers large, exserted . . . . . . . 8. GARDNERIA, 1. MITREOLA, Linn. Herbs. Leaves opposite, membranous ; stipules membranous or small. Cymes 2-3-chotomous, terminal or peduncled, axillary. Flowers small, white, often unilateral on the ultimate cyme-branches. Sepals lanceolate. Corolla urn- ‘shaped ; lobes 5, small, valvate. Stamens 5, included. Ovary 2-celled ; styles 2, short, connate under one small hairy stigma, ultimately divergent; ovules many in each cell, placentas peltate. Capsule obovoid, laterally compressed, truncate or 2-horned ; carpels dehiscing by separating from each side of the septum from above. Seeds very many, minute, globose or elongate, albumen fleshy ; embryo linear.—Species 4; 2 American and the following. 1. M. oldenlandioides, Wall. Cat. 4350; leaves oblong nearly glabrous, cymes terminal and axillary 2-chotomous, capsule 2-horned, seeds elongate trigonous, 4. DC. Prodr. ix.9; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 155; Hook. Ic. Fi. t. 827; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 91. M. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 4349; Wight Ic. t. 600 (flowers of principal figure inaccurate) ; A. DC. 1. c. (as to the Astatic plant). M. inconspicua, Zoll. et Mor. Verz. (1845-6) 55. Centra Provinces, alt. 0-3000 ft. ; extending to Bombay and to Chota Nagpore, frequent. Pzcu; J. Anderson. Distr1s. Burma, Malaya, N. Australia. Annual, 6-18 in., erect. Leaves 2 by % in., narrowed at both ends; petioled in. . Cymes 2-6 in., often numerous; bracts 3, in., lanceolate. Flowers subsessile, scarcely ze in. Capsules 3 in., unilateral on the branches. Seeds twice as long as broad. The American UM. petiolata united with this by A. DC. is exceedingly like it, but has globose seeds. 2. ME. pedicellata, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 91; leaves oblong hairy beneath, cymes on long axillary peduncles 3-chotomous, capsule truncate, seeds globose tuberculate. Parophiorrhiza khasiana, Clarke; Hook. f. Fil. Brit. Ind. iii. 85. Kaasia Mrs., alt. 4200 ft.; Cherra, Limestone Hill, Griffith, J. D. H., Clarke. Perennial, 2-8 in., decumbent, branching. Leaves 3} by 1} in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 4 in. Cymes 6-12-flowered, lax, irregular, peduncle 1-3 in. Flowers nearly as of M. oldenlandioides, obscurely unilateral, fruiting pedicels sometimes 44 in., but not longer than sometimes in M. oldenlandioides. Capsules 3, in., succulent, little compressed.—The specimens on which the genus Parophiorrhiza were founded, were mislaid when tho Rubiacez were described for this work. 2. MITRASACME, Labill. Small herbs. Leaves opposite, stipules forming a minute sheath. Flowers small, white, terminal or axillary, solitary clustered or in irregular umbels. 80 ‘ xcvi. Logantacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Mitrasacme.. Calyx campapulate, 4-fid. Corolla urn-shaped ; lobes 4, valvate. Stamens 4, included; anthers ovate. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2, connate, separating from the base upwards, usually finally divergent, stigma capitate or 2-lobed; ovules many in each cell, placente peltate. Capsule subglobose, laterally sub-com- pressed, truncate or sub-2-horned; carpels dehiscing by separating from each side of the septum from above. Seeds very many, minute, subglobose, testa. smooth, reticulated—Species 28; from Bengal to Japan and New Zealand, common in Australia. 1. M. nudicaulis, Reinw. in Blume Bid. 849; leaves subradical elliptic: minutely hairy, scapes terminated by a lax simple or compound umbel. 4. DC. Prodr. ix. 12; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 92. M. chinensis, Giriseb. in Pl. Meyen. 51; A. DC. 1. c. 560. Kuasta and Jamwrea Mrs., alt. 4000 ft., frequent.—Distris. China, Malaya. Annual. Scape 3-5 in., very slender. Leaves 4 'in., subsessile, obtuse or acute,. minutely hispid-flocculose. Pedicels 3-1} in., glabrous; bracts 4, in., lanceolate. Calyx 3, in., divided halfway down into acute lobes, glabrous. Corolla 4 in., throat. hairy. Capsule 3, in. diam. 2. M. alsinoides, Br. Prodr. 453 ; leaves oblong acute glabrous, pedicels. axillary solitary or 2-3 clustered in the upper axils. 4. DC. Prodr.ix.11. M. indica, Wight Ic. t. 1601; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.i. 92. M. pusilla, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 1386; Dalz. §& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 155. M. crystallina, Griff. Notul. iv. 87, and Ic. Pl. Asiat. t. 383, fig. 2. Inv, alt. 0-2000 ft., widely scattered; Assam and Bencat; Cuota Nacpore; Dzccan Peninsuta; Prov and Tenassrrim. Cryton.—Distrre. Borneo, Philip~ pines, Australia. Annual; stem 6 in., weak, branched, nearly glabrous. Leaves 3-2 in., sessile, scaberulous. Pedicels +-$ in., scaberulous. Calyx =, in., acutely lobed half-way down. Corolla }in., throat hairy. Capsule 4, in. diam.—The Bengal examples are lax straggling, exactly agreeing with the Malay and Australian; the Madras and Ceylon ones are shorter (2-3 in. high), suberect. 3. M. polymorpha, Br. Prodr. 452; stems patently glandular hairy below, leaves oblong, umbels terminal or from the upper axils, pedicels long unequal glabrous. dA. DC. Prodr.ix. 10; Benth. Fl. Austral. iv. 358 with syn. M. capillaris, Wall. in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. i. 420 and Cat. 4348; Don Prodr. 129; A. DC. lc. 11; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 92. M. trinervis, Spanoghe in Linnea. xv. 385; A. DC. I.c. 560. M. malaccensis, Wight Ic. t. 1601. Limnophila campanuloides, Benth. in Wail. Cat. 3908. Nera; in the valleys, Wallich. Pravto Manacca, frequent. Deccan Pentnsura ; Mangalore, Hohenacker, 0.590. Disrrt. China, J: apan, Malaya, Australia. Annual ; stem 2-15 in., erect. Leaves } by % in., sessile, glabrous or pubescent. Umbels 1-8 in., compound or simple, capillary ; pedicels }-1} in. Calyx 3+ in., lobed acutely halfway down, ciliate pubescent or glabrous. Corolla 4 in., throat. hairy. Capsule nearly % in.—The Pegu examples of M. capillaris are 14 in., and agree altogether with Australian ones named M. polymorpha by Bentham. The tropical Australian plant has larger capsules and is said to be perennial. The Nepal and Mangalore specimens are 3-4 in. high only, resembling the Japanese. Var. Parishit ; umbels small dense long-peduncled, flowers large.—Tavoy ; Parish. Disrrrs. Cochinchina. Peduncles 1-8 in., with a terminal umbel, and sometimes a sessile umbel in the middle; pedicels numerous, 0-2 in.—This is not much like any ‘one of the numerous forms of the Australian M. polymorpha, but some of the Malay examples of M. polymorpha show a tendency to the Var. Parishit. Buddleia. ] XCVI. LOGANIACEH. (C. B. Clarke.) 81 3. BUDDLETA, Linn. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. eaves opposite, entire or crenate, united by a stipulary line. Cymes dense, globose or corymbiform, axillary or in a thyrsoid terminal panicle. Calyx campanulate, 4-merous. Corolla urn-shaped ;: lobes 4, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, on the corolla-tube; anthers subsessile, ovate or oblong. Ovary 2-celled; style linear, clavate; ovules very many in each cell. Capsule septicidally 2-valved. Seeds very many, oblong or fusiform, testa usually loose or expanded into a wing or tail, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight.—Species 70, tropical and subtropical Asia, America, and Africa. 1. B. Colvillei, Hook. f. il. Himal. Pl. t. 18; sub-arboreous, leaves oblong acuminate crenate-dentate, cymes lax in large terminal panicles, flowers lin, crimson. Gamble List Darjeeling Pl. 56. Smxim ; frequent on Tonglo, alt. 9-12,000 ft., J.D. H., &e. A small tree 15-20 ft., or a large shrub. Leaves 6 by 14 in., attenuate at the base, densely rusty-woolly when young, obscurely pubescent when mature; petiole 0-+ in. ; stipules small. Panicles 4-8 in., rusty-villous ; pedicels 0-} in. Calyx +4 in., shortly toothed, rusty-villous. Corolla tubular-campanulate, glabrous without; lobes short, round. Ovary hairy. Capsule2by Zin. Seeds rhomboid-ellipsoid, testa lax little longer than the seed. 2, B. macrostachya, Benth. in Wall. Cat. 6407, and Scroph. Ind. 42, and in DC. Prodr. x. 447; shrubby, leaves oblong acuminate crenulate-dentate stipulate, spikes terminal elongate subpanicled, corolla narrow tubular fulvyous- woolly without, seeds tailed. B. Martii, 7. A. Schmidt in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1868, 245. , Sxxm Huoaraya, alt. 6000-7000 ft., Choongtam and Lachen, J. D. H. Kuasra Mrs. alt. 3000-5000 ft. frequent. Shrub 3-8 ft.; branches quadrangular upwards, woolly. Leaves 8 by 2 in, attenuate at the base, rusty-woolly beneath or ultimately brown-pubescent; petiole 0-4 in., stipulary line much developed often eared } in. broad. Spikes 4-10 in., dense-fid., rusty-villous, usually continuous. Calyx 3 in., campanulate ; teeth lanceo- late, acute. Corolla 3 by } in., white tinged with pink and yellow, throat orange. Capsule 4-3 in., oblong, acute, villous. Seeds elongate, testa lax 3-6 times as long as the nucleus, tailed at both ends.—The Sikkim plant does not essentially differ, but has a grey pubescence, the calyx is smaller, and almost a silvery white. ‘ Flower very sweet, corolla-tube yellowish, limb patent blue, throat deep orange,” J. H. B. Martti is described as having glabrous branches, which is never the case in our specimens. Var. Grifithii; corolla % by 7g in., capsule $ in.—Bhotan ; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 3748). Mishmee; Griffith (Kew Distrib. nn. 3746, 3747). “ Flowers lead-blue, throat orange,” Griffith. P 3. B. paniculata, Wall. Cat. 6403, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. i. 412; shrubby, leaves ovate or oblong sinuate-dentate crenate or sub- entire, flower-heads in interrupted panicles, corolla narrow-tubular woolly, seeds ellipsoid not tailed. Don Prodr. 92; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 43, and in DC. Prodr. x. 444; Brand. For. Fl. 318; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 251. B. crispa, Benth. in Wall, Cat. 6404, and Scroph. Ind. 43; Bot. Mag. t. 4793; T. A. Schmidt in Trimen Journ. Bot. 1868, 245; Bows, Fl. Orient, iv. 1198. B. nepalensis, Colla; Benth in DC. 1. c. 447? Hiaraya, alt. 4-7000 ft., common westwards, becoming rare in Sikkim and Bhotan.—Disrars, Ava, Cabul Beloochistan. [The locality Sihet given by Mr. Bentham is believed to be erroneous. ] A shrub or small tree. Leaves 5 by 2 in., hastate, sinuate-dentate (on the flowering @ VoL. IV. 82 xcvr. Logantacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Buddlesa, branches usually much smaller, lanceolate, narrowed at the base, crenate or subentire), woolly beneath; petiole 0} in.; stipules usually very narrow or obsolete. Flower- heads woolly. Calyx 4-4 in., urn-shaped, woolly, teeth short. Corolla-tube pink, lobes short lavender-blue, throat orange. Style short or long. Capsule + in., ellipsoid, woolly. Seeds ellipsoid, testa lax scarcely longer than the nucleus.—B. paniculata was founded on the ends of the flowering branches with panicled heads and sub- entire oblong leaves; B. crispa on lower portions of the same branches with large hastate deeply sinuate-dentate leaves and flower-heads subsolitary on short axillary branches. 4. B. asiatica, Zour. Fl. Cochinch. 72; shrubby, leaves lanceolate acuminate entire crenate or toothed, spikes terminal and axillary often panicled, corolla 4-4 in. tubular white, seeds not tailed. Benth. in DC. Prodr. x. 446; Bot. Mag. t..6323; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 180; Bedd. For. Man. 163, and Anal. Gen. t. 21; Brand, For. Fl. 318; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 250. B, Neemda, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 6401; Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey § Wall.i. 411; Reich Ie. Bot. Exot. t.21; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 43, and in DC. lc. B. discolor, Roth Nov. Sp. 83; Benth. Scroph. Ind. 42; Wight Ill. t. 165, 6. v. and Ic. t. 894. B. salicina, Lamk. Jil.i. 291. 3B. acuminatissima, Blume Byd. 743. B. serrulata, Roth lc. 82. B. subserrata, Don Prodr. 92. B. virgata, Blanco Fl. Filip. 57. Throughout Inpra, ascending to 6800 ft., very common; not known from Ceylon. —Distris. Malaya, Cochin-China, and China. A shrub, 3-6 ft., rarely subarborescent 15 ft. Leaves 5 by 1} in., usually nar- rowed at the base, grey white or fulvous-tomentose or pubescent beneath; petiole 0-3 in.; stipules narrow. Spikes 2-8 in., dense, usually continuous, fulvous or grey tomentose or pubescent. Calyx 3-3 in., campanulate, lobes triangular-oblong. Corolla-tube hairy without or glabrescent, lobes short. Capsule 3 in., ellipsoid. Seeds ellipsoid, testa lax little longér than the nucleus, 4, FAGRZBA, Thunb. Trees or shrubs, often epiphytic, sometimes scandent. Leaves opposite, entire (crenulate in F crenulata) ; petioles dilated at base or united by a stipulary sheath. Cymes collected in corymbs racemes or elongate panicles, terminal or axillary ; bracts small. Flowers large or small, white, yellowish or rarely pink. Calyx deeply 5-fid ; lobes thick, broad, much imbricate. Corolla-tube long, narrow or funnel-shaped ; lobes 5, broad, twisted to the left in the bud. Stamens 5, filaments filiform; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, or 1-celled above; style filiform, stigma capitate; ovules very many in each cell. Berry 1-2-celled. Seeds very many, immersed in pulp, testa crustaceous, albumen horny; embryo small, straight.—Species 80; India, China, Japan, Malaya, and Australia, Pacific Islds. * Cymes few-fld. (except F. crenulata), corymbose near the ends of the branches, flowers large. t Corolla-tube more than 8 in., linear, dilated only near the top. iF. carnosa, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. n. 7, 81; leaves obovate obtuse petioled, flowers solitary subsessile terminal, corolla-tube 53 in. DC. Prodr. ix. 80; Benth. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 97; Kurz For. Fl. ii, 204, TENASSERIM ; Lobb, Kurz.—Distrr. Sumatra, An epiphytic shrub. Leaves 3 by 2 in., truncate-obtuse, mucronate, base cuneate ; petiole 7-3 in. Calyx % in. ; lobes } in., ovate, much imbricated. Corollaetube 3 in, mouth wide; lobes 1} in., obovate, obtuse, mucronate. Berry “ size of a hen’s egg, ovate, rather pointed ” (Kurz). Fagrea.| Xcvi. Loganiacez. (C. B, Clarke.) 83 2. FH. zeylanica, Thunb. Nov. Gen. ii. 35; leaves obovate-oblong, corymbs terminal few-flowered, corolla-tube 34 in. Lamk. Ill. t. 167, fig. 2; Blume Rumph. ii. t. 78, fig. 2; DC. Prodr. ix. 29; Bot. Mag. t.6080. Solandra oppositifolia, Moon, Cat. 15. Czyton; central province, not common, Rottler, Gardner, Thwaites. A small tree. Leaves 7 by 3 in., subobtuse, base much attenuate; petiole 2 in., or obscure. Cymes subsessile, 1-6-flowered; bracts % in., ovate; pedicels 4 in. Calyx a4 in.; lobes 3-4 in., ovate, obtuse. Corolla-tube 2 in., mouth wide ; lobes “1¢ in., elliptic, obtuse. Berry 14 by 1 in,, ovoid, subacute. Var. brevituba; corolla-tube 11 in, Wall. Cat. 1594.—Deccan Peninsula, Heyne. | —Differs only in the corolla-tube rather less dilated upwards. ‘++ Corolla-tube less than 3 in. funnel-shaped at least in the upper half (see also F’. zeylanica, var. brevituba). 3. F. auriculata, Jack in Mal. Misc. ii. n. 7, 82; leaves obovate-oblong, cymes terminal few-fld., corolla-tube 24 in., lobes 24 in. Wall. Cat. 1596, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 34, and Pl. As. Rar. iii. 15, t. 229; Blume Bijd. 1020, and Rumph. ii. t. 72; DC. Prodr. ix. 29. F. auricularia, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.i 98; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 204. ¥F. imperialis, Mg. in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. ii. 226, t. 5. Willughbeia auriculata, Spreng. Syst. cure post 71. Trnasserm, Matacca, and Sincarore; Griffith, Helfer, &.—Distrie. Malaya. A large shrub. Leaves 9 by 4 in., subobtuse, base cuneate or attenuate; petiole 1} in., base auricled. Cymes 1-5-flowered, subsessile. Calyx-lobes 1 by 3 in. Corolla~-mouth 2 in. wide; lobes 2 in. broad, obovate-oblong. Berry 23 by 1} in., oblong.—Griffith’s examples have smaller flowers ; Lobb’s have the flowers nearly as large as in Miquel’s picture. ' 4, F. erenulata, Maingay ms.; leaves large broadly obovate crenulate, cymes trichotomous rigid many-flowered, corolla-tube | in. funnel-shaped. Matacca ; Maingay. A tree 40 ft. high; trunk slender, unbranched (Maingay). Leaves 114 by 8} in, obtuse, base narrowed; petiole 4 in., very thick. Cyme 63 in. broad, depressed ; peduncle 2 in.; bracts } in., ovate; pedicels 3-3 in. Calyx-tube 3 in.; lobes } in., obtuse. Corolla~mouth 4-2 in. broad, wide campanulate for fully half its length ; lobes 4 in., ovate-oblong. Capszle 2 by 4 in., ellipsoid. Seeds very many. 5. BE. obovata, Wail. Cat. 1595, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey § Wail. ii. 83; leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic abruptly acuminate, stipules inter- petiolar, cymes few- -flowered rigid, corolla-tube 1 in. upper half campanulate. Blume Bid. 1021, and Rumph. ii. t. 75; DC. Prodr. ix. 29; Bot. Mag. t. 4205; Griff. Notul. iv. 35, and Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 882; Mig. Fl. Ind, Bat. ii. 369; Thwaites Enum. 200; Bedd. For. Man. 164; Kurz For, Fl. ii. 205. F. crassifolia, Blume Rumph. ii. t. 78, fig. 1, and Mus. Bot. i. 166; Thwaites Enum. 200; DC. i.¢. 80; Mig. lc. 878; ? F. crassifolia, Wall. Cat. 1602. F. malabarica and obovato-javana, Blume Rumph. ii. 29, and Mus. Bot. i. 164; Wight. Ic. t. 1817. F. Blumei, Steud.; DC.1.c. 30. IF. coromandeliana, Wight Ic. t. 1816; Bedd. Fl. Sylv.ii.t. 224, F. celebica, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 167. F. globosa, Wail. Cat. 1598; DC. J. c, 29, Willughhbeia obovata, Spreng. Syst. cure post 71,—Rheede Hort. Mal. iv. t. 58, Deccan Peninsuta and Cryton, alt. 0-6000 ft., common. Kasia Mrs., alt. 0-4000 ft., Wallich, Griffith, H. f. §& T. Buoran; Gamble. Maztay Peninsuza ; from Pegu to Singapore, frequent.—Disrris. Malaya. ; Trunk stunted in the Deccan, erect 30 ft. in the Malay Peninsula. Leaves 64 by 3 in., base narrowed; petiole }—4 in.; stipules often partly free within the petiole, : a2 84 Kovi. Loganiacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Fagrea. embracing the branch. Cymes 1-5- (sometimes. 12-15-) fid., subsessile ; pedicels short. Calyx 2 in.; lobes 4 in., ovate, obtuse. Corolla-throat 3-1} in. wide ; lobes 1-1} in., broadly elliptic, obtuse. Berry 14 by 1 in.—Primary nerves of the leaves distinct in F. obovata, Wall., obscure in F’. crassifolia, Blume. The corolla in Wallich’s Silhet example is considerably larger than in his Singapore one. Fagrea crassifolia, Wall. Cat. 1602, is not in the Linnean Herbarium. . Var. Gardneri; scandent. F, Gardnori, Thwaites Enum. 200; Bedd. For. Man. 164.—Ceylon; central province, alt. 3-6000 ft., Thwaites. Thwaites says that this hardly differs from F. obovata, except in habit. 6, FB. khasiana, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 96 ; leaves oblong-elliptic acuminate, cymes laxly trichotomous few-fid., corolla-tube 3 in. funnel-shaped nearly from the base. Kuasta Mts., alt. 0-5000 ft., Griffith, H. f.§ T. Assam, Griffith, Simons. A tree, 30 ft. Leaves as of F. obovata. Cymes 3-12-fid., branches lax, often nodding; bracts } in., elliptic; pedicels 0-4 in. Calyr 3 in.; lobes 4 in., ovate, obtuse. Corolla-throat 2 in. wide; lobes 4 in., broad-elliptic, obtuse. Berry 3 by 3 in.—Closely allied to F. obovata, having smaller flowers and fruits, and a much laxer inflorescence. ** Oymes short, few-flowered, in a more or less elongate raceme. 7. BE. Maingayi, Clarke; leaves large oblong, calyx 4 in. campanulate, corolla-tube 2 in. widely funnel-shaped from the base. Mazaya; Tamoosoo Kufoo, Maingay. Leaves 11 by 43 in., parallel-sided, shortly acute at both ends; petiole 2 in., very thick. Peduncle 3 in.; raceme 2 in., few-fld.; cymes subsessile on the rhachis of the raceme; pedicels } in., thick, terete. Calyx nearly 5-partite; segments round. Corolla-throat 2 in. wide; lobes 4 in., subquadrate. Berry not seen.—This by its large calyx differs from all the species of this section except F. crassipes, Benth., which has a tubular corolla only slightly funnel-shaped upwards. 8. EB. racemosa, Jack.; Wall. Cat. 1601, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey § Wail. ii. 35; tree, leaves large oblong or elliptic base cuneate, racemes terminal condensed, calyx } in., corolla-tube 3 in. lower half cylindric, upper half campanulate. DC. Prodr. ix. 29; Benth. in Journ. Linn, Soc. i. 99; Kurz For. Fi. ii. p. 205, F. coarctata, Blume Rumph. ii. 33, and Mus. Bot. i. 170. Willughbeia racemosa, Spreng. Syst. cure post. 71. Penane and Matracca, Wallich, Griffith, Maingay. Attains 50 ft. Leaves 104 by 34 in., nerves Sistinet petiole } in. Peduncle 1} in.; raceme 14 in.; pedicels $ in., subfascicled on the rhachis. Caly« divided more than halfway down; lobes round. Corolla-throat 4 in. wide; lobes scarcely } in. round. Berry “% in., ovoid,” Kurz, 9. EF. morindefolia, Blume Rumph. ii. 79, and Mus. Bot. i. 169; a rambling shrub, leaves large oblong or elliptic base rounded, racemes terminal elongate, calyx } in., corolla-tube % in. upper half campanulate or funnel- shaped. DC. Prodr, ix. 29. F. appendiculata, cuspidata and robusta, Blume Mus. Bot. i. 169,170, F. Thwaitesii, F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt, Austral. ii. 187. Kuhlia morindefolia, Retnw. in Blume Bijd. 777. Kentia morindefolia, Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 2nd ed. i. 845, Utania morindeefolia, G. Don Gen. Syst. iv. 663. Anpaman Istps., Kurz.—Distris. Malaya, to the Philippines and Australia. Panicle usually 8-14 in. long; lateral branches rarely simple.—Very near F. racemost, Jack, and reduced to it by Benth. (FU. Austral. iv. 367). As to F. volubilis, Jack (Wall. Cat, 1610, and in Rozd, Fil, Ind. ii. 36), it is a climber; the racemes weak, curved, axillary, sometimes 2 from the same axil, and seems nearer F. racemosa than the present species. The whole may be (as Bentham considers) one; but the F. Fagrea.| xcevi. nogantacea. (C. B. Clarke.) 85 racemosa of the Malay Peninsula is well represented in the herbarium and uniformly differs from all the Malay F. morindefolia. 10, F. ligustrina, Blume Rumph. ii. 38, and Mus. Bot. i. 171; leaves elliptic not very large, racemes terminal slender erect short, calyx } in., corolla- tube 3 in, narrowly funnel-shaped upwards, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 100. Smearorz, Lobb.—Disrrm. Malaya, Philippines. Arborescent (Blume); branches round, slender. Leaves 44 by 2 in., suddenly acute, base broadly cuneate; petiole 1 in. Pedunele 1 in.; raceme 1 in.; pedicels zs in., subfascicled on the nodes of the rhachis. Calyr divided halfway down; lobes round. Corolla much slenderer than in the preceding 3 species, 4 in. wide below ; throat scarce } in. wide; lobes } in., round. . *** Flowers small, in compound corymbs. ll. B. fragrans, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wail. ii. 32 ; leaves elliptic acute, corymbs many-flowered, calyx 4, in., corolla-tube 3-4 in. upper half narrowly funnel-shaped. Wall. Cat. 1597; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 205, F. eregrina, Blume Rumph. ii. t. 80; Field. § Gardn. Sert.t. 6. Cyrtophyllum ragrans, DC. Prodr. ix. 31. C. peregrinum, Reinw.; Blume Bid. 1022; DC. le. From Martazan and Anpaman Iszps. to Singapore ; frequent,—Distrip. Malaya. A small tree, 25-30 ft. Leaves 4 by 14 in., shortly acute at both ends; petiole 3-3 in. ; stipules often connate. Corymés axillary towards the ends of the branches, often 50-100-flowered, sometimes 6—-8-flowered ; pedicels 2 in. Calyx deeply divided, lobes round. Corolla subcylindric below; throat 3 in. wide; lobes } in., obtuse. Stamens much exserted. Berry “ 4 in., subglobose, reddish,” Kurz. 12, F. Wallichiana, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 98 ; leaves lanceolate, corymbs few-fid., calyx 2 in., corolla-tube 2 in. slender widened only towards the apex. FF. lanceolata, Wall. Cat. 1599, not of Blume, Oyrtophyllum — P lanceolatum, DC. Prodr. ix. 31. ‘ Penane, Wallich, Maingay. Leaves 4 by 14 in., acute at both ends; petiole 4 in. Corymbs terminal and axillary, 8-fid. mostly where attached (but the detached flowers are very numerous sent by Maingay); pedicels 3 in. Corolla-tube narrowly funnel-shaped from the middle upwards; throat 4 in. wide; lobes 34 in., elliptic, obtuse. Berries. 4 in., ellipsoid, subacute.—This seems very near F. fragrans, but has a larger calyx, corolla, and berry, while the corymb is more slender. 5. NORRISIA, Gardn, A shrub; young parts pubescent. Leaves opposite; petioles dilated at the base, subcomnate. Cymes dense, trichotomous, in terminal corymbs, Flowers small, white? Calyx small, 5-lobed. Corolla-tube narrow, cylindric ; lobes 5, small, ovate, valvate. Stamens 5, on the corolla-throat, filaments filiform ; anthers ovate. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform, stigma capitate; ovules in each cell very many. Capsule oblong, septicidally 2-valved ; carpophore finally free. Seeds very many, testa lax 4-6 times as long as the linear caudate nucleus, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight or curved. 1. N. malaccensis, Gardn. in Hook. Kew Journ. i. 827, Antonia Griffithii, Wight. Il. ii. 172, t. 156 6. Matacca, Griffith, Maingay.—Disters. Borneo. Branchlets round, fulvous-villous. Leaves 3 by 14 in., shortly acute at both ends, fulvyous-villous beneath or finally glabrescent except the midrib; nerves 7 pairs, 86 xovi. Logantacem. (C. B. Clarke.) [Séryehnos. oblique, strong, secondary distinctly reticulate; petiole Jin. Cymes in dense heads 4-14 in. diam., villous or tomentose. Calyx 3, in. Corolla-iube § in., grey or fulvous hairy without; lobes 3; in. Capsule } by 3; in., fulvous-tomentose, the 2 elliptic valves finally splitting again from their tops. Seeds minute. 6. STRYCHNOS, Linn. Scandent shrubs with short tendrils, or trees. Leaves opposite, 3—5-nerved (except sometimes S. potatorum) ; scandent species bear short clavate tendrils in some of the axils, the adjacent leaf then often suppressed; in the sub- terminal axils both tendrils often developed, both the leaves and the point of the branch then generally suppressed, in which case the species has been said to produce terminal bifurcate tendrils. Cymes terminal or lateral; bracts small; flowers white or yellowish. Calyx small, 5-4-lobed. Corolla 5-4-fid ; tube short or long or hardly any; lobes valvate. Stamens 5, on the corolla- tube, filaments short. Ovary 2-celled (or 1-celled above) ; style long or short or hardly any, stigma capitate or small or sub-2-lobed ; ovules many in each cell. Berry globose or oblong, many- (or 2-1-) seeded. Seeds globose, discoid or oblong, albumen horny; embryo small.—Species 60 ; in the tropics of both hemispheres. Strychnos grandis, Wall. Cat. 4454, is Anisophyllea grandifolia, G. Henslow (vol. ii. p. 442). Strychnos sp. Wall. Cat. 7500, with subalternate leaves, is not of this Order. * Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx or hardly any. 1. S. hypogyna, Clarke; leaves elliptic-lanceolate 3-nerved glabrous, cymes axillary sessile compound pubescent, petals 5 hardly connate, ovary hairy. Tsnasserim ; Mergui, Grifith (Kew Distrib. n. 3830).—Disrrie. Borneo. Tendrils 0 on the examples; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 44 by 1% in., base broadly rhomboid ; petiole 3 in. Cymes 1-2 in.; pedicels hardlyany. Calya pubes- cent. Petals 3, in., villous within. Stamens obscurely attached to the petals, some- times persistent after the petals have gone, filaments sometimes villous; anther-cells oblong, glabrous or nearly so. Ovary hairy; style hardly any. Fruit not seen. 2. S. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1593 in part; leaves ovate acute 5-nerved glabrous, cymes axillary weak minutely pubescent, petals 5 shortly connate, ovary hairy. Kurz For. Fi. ii. 166, not of A. DC. Tenasserim; Wallick, Prev and Sourh Anpaman Istps., Kurz, Helfer (Kew Distrib. 3728). ’ A large climber, with tendrils, Kurz. Leaves 44 by 2% in., base cuneate obtuse rounded or subcordate, marginal nerves distinct ; petiole in. Cymes 1-2 in., sub- sessile, lax ; pedicels 0-3, in. Calyx minutely pubescent. Corolla 3, in.; petals free, glabrous fide Kurz (shortly connate and villous within in Helfer’s). Berry 3 in. diam., crustaceous, 1-2-seeded. Seeds 3 in. diam., discoid—Kurz’s examples are in ripe fruit ; Wallich’s are leaves only; on his A sheet are two plants, one (8) with 5-nerved leaves is that taken up by Kurz. 3. S. micrantha, Thwaites Enum. 425; leaves elliptic acuminate sub- 5-nerved glabrous, cymes axillary short dense minutely hairy, corolla-lobes 5 oblong 3-4 times longer than the tube, ovary glabrous. CEYLON ; not uncommon, Thtwaites (C. P. 3720, 1866). Tendrils often in pairs. Leaves 23 by 1} in., widest often above the middle, base cuneate or obtuse, nerves not impressed above; petiole 2 in. Cymes 1-2 in.; pedicels 0-4 in, Calyx minutely pubescent. Corolla ip in.; tube exceedingly short ; lobes Strychnos. | XCVI. LocaNniacez. (C. B. Clarke.) 87 villous within. Anther-cells oblong, sparingly villous or glabrous. Style as long as the ovary. Berry } in. diam., crustaceous, b-2-seeded. Seeds 4 in. diam., discoid.— Thwaites says the ovary is villous, but it is absolutely glabrous in C. P. n. 3720. This is the only constant character to distinguish it from §. colubrina. 4. S. colubrina, Linn. Sp. Pl. 271 (not of Wall., Wight or A, DC.); leaves elliptic acute 3-nerved glabrous, cymes axillary small compound puberu- lous, corolla-lobes 5 oblong 2-3 times as long as the tube, ovary hairy upwards. Benth, in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 101; Thwaites Enum. 201; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fil. 155. _S. bicirrhosa, Lesch.; Wall. Cat. 1589, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall, ii. 267 ; A. DC. Prodr. ix. 16. 8, minor, Blume Rumph. i. 70; A. DC. l.c. 14.—Rheede Hort. Mai. vii. t. 5. W. Deccan Peninsuta, from the Concan to Cochin, frequent. Tendrils often in pairs. Leaves 4 by 12 in., base cuneate or obtuse; nerves not impressed above, marginal pair obscure; petiole } in. Cymes 1-2 in.; pedicels 0-2, in. Calyx puberulous. Corolla 3, in., tube hardly longer than the calyx, lobes villous within. Anther-cells oblong, glabrous, or nearly so. Ovary glabrous below, fulvous-hairy upward ; style as long as the ovary. Berry % in, diam,, crustaceous, 1-2-seeded. Seeds 4 in. diam., discoid—All authors previous to Bentham took Rheede Hort. Mal. viii. t. 24 as the type of Linnzus’ S. colubrina, whereas Linnzus founds his 8, colubrina on t. 5, which has totally different fruit, and on which Blume founded his 8. minor. Hence the confusion of synonyms, Var. zeylanica ; leaves rhomboid cuneate at both ends coriaceous 5-nerved, ovary pe Keven Thwaites C, P, 2516, &c. This is taken by Thwaites as S. colu- na, Linn. 5. S. Dalzellii, Clarke; leaves ovate acute 3-nerved glabrous, cymes very short dense axillary and terminal puberulous, corolla-lobes 5 oblong 2-3 times as long as the tube, ovary glabrous. 8S. axillaris, Dalz. § Gubs. Bomb. Fi. 155, not of Colebr. W. Deccan Pentnsuta; Concan, Malabar and Bababoodan Hills; Law, Dalzell, Ritchie. . Scandent, Ritchie, no tendrils on the specimens. Leaves 4 by 13 in., widest near the cuneate or rounded base, coriaceous, nerves often impressed above; petiole + in. Cymes 34-3 in., subcapitate. Calyx puberulous. Corolla +, in., tube hardly longer than the calyx-lobes, villous within. Anther-cells ovate, hairy. Style as long as is ovary. Berry 1-14 in, diam., crustaceous, many-seeded. Seeds 3 in. diam., iscoid. 6. S. Benthami, Clarke ; leaves short-petioled elliptic acute 8-5-nerved glabrous, cymes very short subcapitate axillary pubescent, corolla-lobes 4 ovate longer than the tube, ovary glabrous. S. minor, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 101; Thwattes Enum. 201, not of Blume. Cuyrton, frequent ; Thwaites, &c. : ; Tendrils often present. Leaves 2 by 1 in., base obtuse or rounded, secondary nerves distinct; petiole scarcely 4 in. Cymes 3 in. diam.; pedicels hardly any. Calyx glabrous, margin puberulous. Corolla 3, in., villous within. Anther-cells ovate, hairy. Style as long as the ovary. Berry 4 in. diam., crustaceous, 1-2-seeded. Seeds 3 in. diam., discoid—The 5-merous species referred to by Bentham is 8. micrantha, Thwaites. SS. minor, Blume, is founded on Rheede Hort. Mal, viii. t. 24, which bas totally different fruit. Var. parvifolia, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 101; leaves 3 by 4 in. coriaceous with recurved margins.—Ceylon, Gardner, &c. 7. S. Rheedei, Clarke; leaves short-petioled elliptic acute 3-herved, cymes small peduncled few-fid. lax, corolla short-tubed 5-merous, berry very 88 xovi. nogantacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Sérychnos. large, many-seeded. S. colubrina, Blume Rumph. i.70; A. DC. Prodr, ix, 14, not of Linn. nor Wall.—Rheede Hort. Mal. viii. t. 24. Matapar ; Pheede. Tendrils present ; branches stout. Leaves 3} by 12 in., base obtuse or rounded ; petiole 3-2 in. Peduncles } in., axillary, 3—4-flowered ; pedicels 3-4 in. Berry 23 in. diam., globose. Seeds 2 in. diam., circular, discoid——Only known from Rheede's figure, which may be incorrect as to the flowers. It appears from Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 264, and from Beddome, that there probably exists a stout scandent species in Malabar with fruit like 8. Nua-vomica, (See 16, S. cinnamomifolia.) 8. S. Maingayi, Clarke ; leaves elliptic acute 3-neyved glabrous, cymes large dense very many-fld., corolla-lobes 5 linear-oblong 5 times as long as the tube, ovary hairy upwards. Matacca, Maingay (Kew Distrib. nn. 1041, 1042). Branches glabrous ; tendrils 0 (in the examples). Leaves 4} by 2 in., base obtuse; petiole} in. Cymes 4 in., divided from the base, nearly glabrous 100-300-flowered. Calyx glabrous, margin obscurely pubescent. Corolla } in., throat, villous, tube hardly any. filaments linear ; anther-cells ovate, hairy. Style twice as long as the ovary. Berry not seen. Van. ? fructuosa; bearing tendrils, berry 22 in. diam. globose, rind thick, seeds many 2 by 3 in. oblong-ellipsoid, testa silky, albumen horny, embryo small.—Penang ; Maingay (Kew Distrib. u. 1038). This may be the fruiting state of 8. Maingayi, or of some totally different species. The seeds closely resemble those of S. Jgnatii. Bergius (Bentl. § Trim. Medic. Pl. t. 179). ** Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, not much longer than its lobes. 9. S. laurina, Wall. Cat. 1591; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate 8-nerved glabrous, cymes large compound fulvous-pubescent, ovary hairy upwards, berry 1 in. diam. globose 12-seeded. .A. DC. Prod. ix. 18; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 102; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 166. S. ovatifolia, Wall. Cat. 1592; A. DC. 1.e.; Benth. 1. ec. 103. Cacnar; Keenan. Prov and Trnassrrm to SinaaporE, common; Wallich, Griffith, &e.—Disrrr. Burma, Malaya. . Tendrils often in pairs; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 5 by 2 in., lanceolate, or in S. ovatifolia, Wall. 5 by 23 in. and ovate-lanceolate, 3- or sub-5-nerved ; petiole hin. Cymes 2-5 in., axillary and terminal, sessile (or in S. ovatifolia peduncled) ; pedicels 0-3, in. Calyx glabrous, or margin obscurely pubescent. Corolla } in., villous within ; tube rather longer than the lobes. Anther-cells oblong, slightly hairy. Style much longer than the ovary, hairy downwards.—There are no tendrils on Wallich’s example of S. ovatifolia, which Mr. Bentham considers, though imperfect, to indicate a distinct species, 10. S. septemnervis, Clarke ; leaves elliptic acute 5-7-nerved glabrous, es ie large fulvous-pubescent, ovary hairy, berry 1 in. diam. globose -seeded. Mazacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib. n. 1036). Scandent, Maingay. Leaves 4 by 2} in.; petiole }in. Cymes 2-5 in., sessile, very many-fid. Calyx puberulous. Corolla 2 in., villous within; tube about as long as the lobes. Anther-cells oblong, hairy. Style longer than the ovary, hairy down- wards.—Perhaps only a large-flowered variety of S. laurina, but the nervation of the leaves differs considerably. ll. S. Beddomei, Clarke; leaves elliptic acute 3-nerved glabrous, cymes small fulvous-pubescent, ovary hairy, berry } in. diam. globose 1-2-seeded. S. pera Thwaites Enum. 201, 8. colubrina, Wall. Cat. 4455, second sheet only. Strychnos. ] XCVI. LOGANIACES. (C. B. Clarke.) 89 TRAVANCORE; Beddome. Cxyion; Thwaites. Tendrils often in pairs; branchlets glabrous. Leaves 84 by 14 in., base obtuse, rarely obscurely 6-nerved ; petiole 2 in. Cymes 4-1} in., sessile; pedicels 1-3 in. Calyx puberulous. Corolla 4 in., villous within; tube rather longer than the lobes, Anther-cells oblong, glabrous or nearly so. Style longer than the ovary, hairy down- ' wards.—This differs from S. laurina in the small cymes, pedicelled flowers, and much smaller berry. It seems more closely allied to S. colubrina, Linn., from which it only differs by the longer corolla-tube. Var. coriacea ; leaves coriaceous, petiole 4, in. S. coriacea, Thwaites Enum. 425. —Ceylon; Thwaites, 12. S. malaccensis, Benth. in. Journ. Linn. Soc. i, 101; leaves ovate acute 5-nerved glabrous, cymes small subcapitate shortly peduncled fulvous- pubescent, ovary glabrous. S. Gautheriana, Pierre ms. in Herb. Kew. TENASSERIM or ANDaMANS; Helfer. Matacca; Griffith. Distr, Cambodia. Tendrils present; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 34 by 12 in., base obtuse; petiole 3 in. Peduneles 1-3 in.; cymes 3-3 in. diam.; pedicels hardly any. Calyx puberulous. Corolla } in., villous within, tube shorter than the lobes, Anther-cells ovate, densely hairy. Berry not seen.—Easily distinguished by the perfectly glabrous ovary and style, and densely hairy anthers. 13. S. axillaris, Colebr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. 856, t. 15; leaves elliptic acuminate 3-nerved glabrous, cymes small subcapitate sessile pubescent, ovarv glabrous. Wail. Cat. 1587; A. DC. Prodr. ix. 13; Benth. in Journ, Tann. Soe. i. 101. Kuasia Mrz., alt. 83-4000 ft; Wallich, Griffith, H. f. & T. Tendrils present ; branchlets puberulous. Leaves 23 by 1 in., base obtuse ; petiole 4-3 in. Cymes 3-2 in.; pedicels hardly any. Corolla 3 in., villous within, tube shorter than the lobes. Amnther-cells oblong, somewhat hairy. Berry not seen.— Very near S. malaccensis ; the leaves are smaller more acuminate, the cymes sessile or very nearly so, the anther-cells not acute upwards. 14. S. pubescens, Clarke; leaves ovate acute 3-5-nerved hairy be- neath, cymes small axillary dense, ovary glabrous, berry 4 in. diam. globose _1-seeded. Matracca; Maingay (Kew Distrib. n. 1040). Tendrils present; branches hairy. Leaves 2 by 1 in., base obtuse; petiole 4 in. Cymes 4-2 in. diam., sessile or nearly so, puberulous, pedicels hardly any. Corolla 3 .in,, 5-merous, tube longer than the lobes, throat with a dense ring of hairs. Anther- cells subsessile below the ring of hairs, ovate, acute, apiculate, base only hairy. Ovary small, style hardly any. Pericarp crustaceous. Seeds } in. diam., peltate, hemispheric. 15. S. rufa, Clarke ; leaves elliptic acute 3-6-nerved rufous-hairy beneath, cymes dense axillary, berry 1} diam. globose many-seeded. Matacca; Maingay (Kew Distrib. n. 10384). Branches patently rufous hairy, without tendrils (in the specimen). Leaves 4 by 2 in., base obtuse or subcordate, glabrescent. above, harsh, scabrous; petiole 2 in., rufous-hairy. Cymes } in. diam., axillary, sessile, pubescent. Flowers not seen. Seeds compressed. Var. Candollei ; leaves nearly glabrous beneath 3-nerved. 8. acuminata, Wall. Cat. 1598 partly ; A. DC. Prodr. ix. 14.—Ambherst, Wallich. *** Corolla-tube linear, 5-10 times longer than the calyx. 16. S. cinnamomifolia, Thwaites Enum. 201 ; leaves elliptic acute 3-5- nerved glabrous, cymés terminal short-peduncled many-fld., berry 14 in. diam, 90 xcvI. LOGANIAcER. (C. B, Clarke.) [ Strychnos. globose many-seeded. 8. colubrina, Wall. Cat. 1589, and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed, Carey §& Wail. ii. 264; Wight Ic, t. 484, not of Linn. Cryton ; Hantani district, alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites. Tendrils present; branchlets glabrous or nearly so, Leaves 4 by 2 in., base obtuse ; petiole} in, Peduneles }-2 in.; cymes 1-2 in. diam., puberulous ; pedicels hardly any. Corolla-tube 4 in., lobes less than }-in. glabrous, a few hairs lower down the tube. Anther-cells oblong, glabrous. Ovary glabrous ; style very long, glabrous; stigma large, capitate.—Altogether resembles S. Nux-vomica, but is scandent with tendrils. Though Rheede (Hort. Mal. viii. t. 24) represents the peduncles lateral and the buds subglobose, it may be suspected that Wallich and Wight were right in identifying that picture with their 8. colubrina, If so 8. Rheedet (n. 7 above) be- comes a synonym of the present species. : 17. S. Wallichiana, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 102; leaves oblong ‘suddenly caudate 3-nerved shining, cymes terminal short-peduncled many- flowered. S. lucida, Wall. Cat. 1590 partly. Smuet; Pundua, Wallich. Assam; Kufco Forest, Griffith (Kew Distrib. nu. 8726); Mikir Hills, Simons. Tendrils often in pairs. Leaves 54 by 13 in., parallel-sided, base broadly cuneate, 8 nerves very strong, 2 additional sometimes close to the margin very slender ; secon- dary nerves very prominent, numerous, subparallel, nearly at right angles to the primary; petiole? in. Cymes and flowers as in S. Nw. ica or S. cinn ifolia. Corolla very villous in the throat. Amnther-cells broadly oblong, obtuse. Style exsert stigma small. Berry unknown.— Wallich’s n. 1590 includes this and S. Nuz-vomica, whence Steudel’s name §. Wallichiana applies to both; A. DC.’s 8. Wallichiana (Prodr. ix. 13), from the ovate leaves and naked corolla-throat, seems described from one of Wallich’s examples of S. lucida which have been since referred by Bentham to 8. Nux-vomica. The broader shorter leaved specimens of this species, mentioned by Bentham, are those collected by H. f. & T. at the base of the Khasia Hills, without flower or fruit, and in which the lower leaves are ovate; they look like first year’s shoots. 18, S. Nux-vomica, Linn.; Roxb. Cor. Pi. i. 8, t. 4, and Fi. Ind. ed. Carey § Wall, ii. 261; leaves ovate 5-nerved glabrous, cymes terminal short- peduncied many-tld., berry 14 in. diam. globose many-seeded. Gaertn. Fruct. il. t. 179, fig. 7; Wall. Cat. 1586; A. DC. Prodr.ix.15; Benth. in Journ, Linn. Soc. i. 103; Groff. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 411; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 155; Bedd. Fil. Syl, t. 243; Brand. For, Fl. 317; Benth. § Trim. Med. Pl. t. 178 (syn. 8. colubrina, Wall. & Wight, to be excluded from all authors) ; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 166. S. lucida, Wall. Cat. 1590, partly —Rheede Hort. Mal. i. t. 87. Throughout tropical Inp1a, alt. 0-4000 ft.; rare in Bengal, common in Tenas- serim and Madras. A tree, attaining 40 ft. Leaves 3} by 2 in., base obtuse; petiole} in, Peduncles 3-2 in.; cymes 1-2 in, diam., puberulous; pedicels hardly any. Corolla-tube 1} in.; lobes less than 2 in. glabrous, a few hairs lower down the tube. Anther-cells oblong, glabrous, Style long, glabrous, stigma small capitate. Seeds } in, diam., discoid.—Bentham also reduces to the present species S. ligustrina (Blume Rumph. i. 68, t. 25), which does not differ by any tangible character, but has smaller, somewhat different-looking leaves. 19. S. potatorum, Linn. f. Suppl. 148; leaves elliptic subsessile gla- brous or nearly so, cymes axillary nearly sessile, berry 3-2 in. diam. 1-2-seeded. Roxb. Cor. Pl.i. 9, t. 5, and Fl. Ind. ed. Carey §& Wall. ii. 263; Wall. Cat. 1585; A. DC. Prodr. ix. 15; Wight Ill. ii. t. 156; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 103; Dalz. § Grbs. Bomb. Fl. 156; Bedd. For. Man. 163; Brand. For. Fl. 317; Kurz For. Fl. ii, 167. 8. Tettankotta, Retz. Obs. ii. 12; Gaertn. Fruct. i, 477, t. 179, Gaertnera. ] Xevi. LogantacezZ. (C. B. Clarke.) 91 Deccan :Pentnsuna, extending north-west to the Sone river. Promn; Kurz. Crrxon frequent. A tree, attaining 40 ft. Leaves 2} by 1 in,, acute at both ends, hardly acuminate, 3-nerved from the base or more often the lateral nerves springing much higher, or (as depicted by Roxburgh) sub-penninerved ; petiole 3, in. Peduncles 0-1 in.; cymes 1 in, diam., nearly glabrous ; pedicels hardly any. . Corolla-tube 4-4 in., hardly twice as long as broad, hairy within, nearly glabrous in the throat; lobes 3-5 in. Anther- cells oblong, glabrous. Style long, glabrous; stigma small, capitate. Seeds }-4 in. diam., hemispheric, subpeltate, hardly discoid—The clearing-nut. 7. GAERTNERA, Lamk. Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely ternate, entire, coriaceous, feather- nerved; stipules connate into a cylindric sheath. Cymes terminal (axillary in - G. obesa) many- (or 3-1-) flowered. Calyx small, funnel-shaped or campanu- late. Corolla-tube longer than the calyx or elongate ; lobes 5-4, valvate in bud. Stamens upon the corolla-tube; filaments short. Ovary 2-celled; style short or long, stigmas 2 linear or clavate; ovule 1 in each cell, erect. Berry didy- mous, subglobose, crustaceous, Seeds often compressed, albumen horny or fleshy ; embryo small.—Spxcrus 25 ; tropical Asia and Africa, So closely resembling Psychotria (except for the inferior ovary) that it has been confounded therewith, and it has been proposed to append the genus to Psychotria as an aberrant section. Psychotria, Wall. Cat. 8341, without habitat, is a Gaertnera, but probably non-Indian. 1. G. Koenigii, Wight Ic. i. 1818; leaves elliptic or obovate-oblong shortly acuminate glabrous, panicles terminal trichotomous, calyx wide-funnel- shaped sub-truncate, corolla 5-merous tube about twice as long as the calyx, stigmas thick. Benth. in. Journ. Linn. Soc.i. 112; Thwaites Enum. 202; Bedd. For. Man. 164, and Anal. Gen. t. 21, fig. 3. G. tnyrsiflora, Blume Mus. Bot. 1.174; Benth, l.c.112. G. acuminata, Benth. le. G. Junghuhnii, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii, 383. Sykesia Koenigii and thyrsiflora, Arn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Or. 35; DC. Prodr, ix. 85. Psychotria vaginans, DC. Prodr. iv. 520; W. § A. Prodr. 434. —Psychotria sp., Wall. Cat. 8342, 8388. Srncarorz; Wallich, Cxryton; alt. 0-8000 ft., very abundant, Thwaites, &e.— Distr. Malaya. A large shrub. Leaves 6 by 23 in., base narrowed; petiole }-+ in. Panicles 2-6 in., pubescent or nearly glabrous, sometimes with leafy bracts below; pedicels 0-2 in, Calyx 3, in.long and broad. Corolla-tube 2 in., throat very villous. Anther-ceils 3,- ib in., slightly exserted. Berry }-3 in., obovoid or subglobose.—The flowers are, as stated by Beddome, somewhat dimorphic. Var. oxyphylla; leaves smaller lanceolate acuminate, style short, stigmas small linear. Psychotria oxyphylla, Wall. Cat. 8374; Benth. in Journ, Linn, Soc. i. 112. —Singapore, Wallich. United with G. Koenigit by Thwaites; the differences in the stigma are probably sexual. Van. divaricata ; panicle lax, pedicels divaricate, flowers rather smaller. G. di- varicata and Pristidia divaricata, Thwaites Enum. 149 and 420.—Ceylon; Thwaites. United with G. Koenigii by Beddome, and it does not seem separable from some of the Ceylon G. thyrsiflora which has flowers smaller than usual in lax panicles, 2. G. viminea, Hook. f. ms.; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate glabrous, panicles terminal trichotomous, calyx very small substellate, corolla 4-merous tube 2-8 times as long as the calyx, stigmas linear. Psychotria viminea, Wall, Cat. 8354. Stncarore; Wallich. ; Branchlets terete, smooth. Leaves 3¢ by }% in., base cuneate; petiole 3-2 in, 92 xovi. rogantacem. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Gaertnera. Panicles 1-4 in., nearly glabrous; lowest bracts sometimes 3 in., linear; pedicels hardly any. Calyx scarcely 3; in. long and broad. Corolla-tube } in., throat villous, Berry 3 in., obovoid-globose. 3. @. rosea, Benth. in. Journ. Linn, Soc. i, 111; glabrous, leaves elliptic acuminate, flowers 1-3-nate, terminal subsessile, corolla 5-merous tube 3-4 times as long as the calyx glabrous in the throat. Thwaites Enum. 201, Crrton ; Walker; ascending to 2000 ft.; Thwaites. A shrub, 8-10 ft. Zeaves 21 by 1 in.; base cuneate; petiole 4 in.; stipular sheath crowned by two linear teeth. Calye 4 in., campanulate, subtruncate. Corolla rose-purple, tube } in., hairy in the middle; lobes 3 in., oblong. Szamens on the middle of the tube; anther-cells oblong, obtuse,~included. Berry 3-4 in. diam., subspherical, “pale blue,” Thwattes. 4. G@. Walkeri, Wight Ill. ii. 172, t. 156, 6.; glabrous, leaves elliptic acuminate, panicles terminal trichotomous few-fid., calyx widely funnel-shaped, corolla 5-merous tube 2-8 times as long as the calyx glabrous in the throat, style very long, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. i. 111, partly; Thwaites Enum, 202; Bedd. For. Man. 164. Sykesia Walkeri, drn. Pug. Pl. Ind. Or. 36; A. DC. Prodr. ix. 35. Crxton, alt. 83-6000 ft.; Walker, &c. A shrub, 8-10 ft. Leaves 22 by 1 in., base cuneate; petiole? in. Cymes 3-12- fid.; bracts 3 in. lanceolate; pedicels 0-4 in. Calyx } in. long and broad; teeth small, triangular. Corolla-tude } in., funnel-shaped upwards. Stamens inserted about the middle of the corolla-tube amidst hair. Berry spherical, “blue,” Thwaites— Resembles the smaller-leaved forms of G. Koenigii forma thyrsiflora, and does not much differ but by the stamens (with the ring of hairs) being situated lower down the corolla-tube, a point not properly shown in Wighv’s figure. Var. Gardneri; leaves 12 by 4 in. linear-lanceolate, cymes 3-1-flowered obscurely pubescent, flowers rather smaller. G, Gardneri, Thwaites Enum. 202.—Ceylon. 5. G@. ternifolia, Thwaites Enum. 212; leaves small linear often ternate, flowers solitary terminal, calyx-teeth lanceolate, berry 4 in. wide didymous subglobose. G. Walkeri, var. angustifolia, Benth. in Jown. Linn. Soc. i. 111, partly. Ceyion ; near Adam’s Peak, alt. 4-5(00 ft.; Thwaites. Branchlets minutely pubescent. Leaves % by 3,in. Flowers as G. Walkeri var. Gardneri.—Thwaites calls this a very beautiful and distinct species, but sends a specimen stated to be “an undoubted hybrid between G. Gardnerit and G. terni- folia ;” some of the leaves on his specimens of G. Gardneri (C. P. n. 868) are ternately whorled: Mr. Bentham considers all to be merely high-level forms of G. Watkeri. €. G. obesa, Hook. f. ms.; leaves very large obovate-lanceolate glabrous, panicles dense axillary, calyx widely funnel-shaped, corolla-tube exceeding the calyx, lobes 5.—Psychotria obesa, Wall. Cat. 8828. Smvcarors; Wallich, Walker, Maingay. Leaves 17 by 5} in., base tapering; petiole 14 in.; stipules 14 by % in., ovate, acute, connate for half their length. Panicles 2-3 in., dense, obscurely pubescent, from the upper axils forming a qvasi-thyrse. Calyx 3-2 in. long and broad. Corolla- tube 2-1 in., lobes 2 in. Stamens near the base of the tube; anther-cells lanceolate- linear below the ring of hairs on the corolla-tube. Style short, linear, glabrous ; stigmas linear, Berry not seen, 7. G. grisea, Hook. f. ms.; leaves large oblong acute hairy beneath, panicles terminal dense, corolla-tube grey-pubescent longer than the subtruncate calyx. Psychotria, Wall. Cat, 8389. Gardneria.] XCVI. LoGANIAcEs. (C. B. Clarke.) 93 Suvearore; Wallich. Branches softly hairy. Leaves 94 by 23 in., base cuneate or rounded ; petiole 4 in. ; stipular sheath silky, 2 in. long, crowned by 2-4 teeth. Panécles 1-3 in. diam. trichotomous, grey-pubescent; lower bracts sometimes leaflike; flowers clustered. Calyx % in. loog and broad, campanulate, grey-pubescent.' Corolla-tube 2 in., lobes z-¢ in. Anther-cells narrow oblong, immersed in the dense hair in the upper part of the corolla-tube which hardly extends to the throat.—This and the preceding species are allied to G. longifolia, Bojer, and other large Mascarene species. 8 GARDNERIA, Wall. Large, scandent, glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire; petioles con- nected by a stipulary line. Pedwneles axillary, 1-o-fid. Calyx small, deeply 4-5-lobed. Corolla subrotate ; lobes 4-5, thick, valvate in bud. Stamens 4-5, on the corolla-tube; anthers subsessile, cells ovate, connivent or subconnate, erect, exserted. Ovary 2-celled; -style cylindric, stigma shortly 2-lobed; ovules 1 in each cell, on the dissepiment. Berry globose, 2-celled. Seed com- ressed parallel to the septum, albumen fleshy; embryo small.—Species 2-8, dian and Japanese. 1. G. ovata, Wall. Cat. 816, and As: Pl, Rar. iii. 17, t. 231, and in Roxb, Fi. Ind, ed. Carey §& Waill.i. 400; leaves elliptic acute, cymes trichotomous, corolla-lobes obtuse, anthers connate. DC. Prodr. ix.20; Benth. in Journ. Linn, Soc. i. 109. G. Wallichii, Wight; Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 49, t. 281; Wight Ic. t. 1813. Kaasia Mts., Wallich, H. f.g T. Niuenerry Mrts., Wight, &e. Leaves 3 by 1} in., base obtuse; petiole} in. Cymes usually 1-2 in., 5-1-fld.; in the Nilgherry examples sometimes peduncled, and 12-fid.; in a Silhet one compound, panicled, 5-64 in., and 90-flowered. Calyx 7; in. lobes rounded. Corolla-tube hardly longer than the calyx; lobes 3-} in., patent, tomentose villous or subglabrate within. Anthers in a cylinder 3 in. long. Berry 4 in. diam., scarlet.—A single specimen in Herb, Hook. is marked ‘‘ Ceylon, Mrs. Walker,” but I suspect some error. 2, G. angustifolia, Wall. Cat. 817,and in Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 318; leaves lanceolate acuminate, peduncles 1 (rarely 2)-fld., corolla-lobes acute, anthers free. DC. Prodr.ix. 20; Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc, i. 109. ‘ Temperate Himaraya, alt. 5-7000 ft.; from Kumaon to Bhotan; Wallich, &c. Leaves 44 by 1 in., base acute or rounded; petiole in. Peduncles nodding in flower. Corolla-lobes densely villous or nearly glabrous within. Berry 4 in. diam., scarlet.—Closely allied to G. ovata, which Bentham reduces to the present species, with G. nutans, Sieb. & Zucc. from Japan, which has elliptic acute leaves and rather larger flowers ; and may be a geographic form of G. angustifolia. Orprr XOVIL. GENTIANACER. (By C. B. Clarke ) Herbs, rarely minutely hairy. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, entire, or alternate and 3-foliolate in Menyanthes. Flowers cymos2 capitate or um- belled, rarely solitary, rarely bracteate, regular; irregular in Canscora and Hoppea. Caly2: inferior, lobes 5-4 imbricate in bud. Corolla funnel-shaped or rotate, lobes twisted to the right, in Menyanthes induplicate-valvate. Stamens on the corolla-tube, as many as its lobes and alternate with them, or unequal or suppressed in Canscora and Hoppea; filaments linear, sometimes dilated 94 xcvil. Gentianacer. (C.B. Clarke.) [Ootylanthera. below ; anthers oblong. Disc of 5 glands at the base of the ovary or 0. Ovary superior, 1-celled, or rarely only the placentz intruded and meeting ; style short or linear, simple, stigmas 2 small; ovules numerous. “Capsule membranous, rarely fleshy and berried. Seeds numerous, small, sometimes winged ; albumen copious.—Species 520, throughout the globe, more abundant in mountainous regions. : TrpeI. Bxacesw. Leaves opposite. Corolia-lobes twisted to the right. Ovary completely 2-celled. Style filiform. Leafless parasites, anthers dehiscing by terminal pores . . 1, CorynanrHEra. Corolla blue, purplish or white. . . . . . . . . . . 2 Exacum. Corolla yellow, anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits . . . 3. Sepama. Trise II. Chironieze. Leaves opposite. Corolla-lobes twisted to the right. Ovary 1-celled. Style filiform. Flowers regular in axillary clusters - + 6 . 6 + . . 5, Entcosrema. Flowers regular panicled or terminal subcapitate. . . . . 6. Eryrurma. Flower irregular, stigma scarcely divided, minute herbs. . . 4. Hoppza. Flower irregular, stigmas2 . . . ...... +. . « 4. Canscora. Trisz Il. Swertieze. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate. Corolla-lobes twisted or imbricate. Ovary 1-celled: Style short, rarely elongate. * Corolla without pits or depressions near the base of its lobes (viscid spots or hairy glands sometimes present). Twiners, corolla tubular-campanulate . 8. CRAWFURDIA. Corolla tubular-campanulate, stamens attached on the tube. . 9. GENTIANA. Corolla tubular-campanulate, stamens attached between its lobes 2. 1 ee we ee ee ew ew we. . 10. SaARSCHREA, Corolla rotate, stamens attached at its base. . . . . . . 11, Prevroayne. ** Corolla with 1 or 2 depressions pits or spurs near the base of each of tts lobes. - Depressions or pits of the corolla shallow. . . . . . . . 12. Swerrta. Pits of the corolla prolonged intospurs . .. . . . . . 18. Havent. Trix IV. Menyanthez. Aquatic herbs, leaves radical or alternate. Corolla-lobes induplicate-valvate in the bud. Leaves 3-foliolat. . . . . .. 2... . 14. Menyanrues. Leaves simple, cauline deeply cordate. . . . . . . . . 15. Limnanrnemum. 1. COTYLANTHERA, Blume. Parasitic, small, glabrous herbs. Leaves scale-like, opposite. Flowers solitary or few, terminal. Calyx deeply 4lobed. Corolla rotate; lobes 4, oblong. Stamens 4, on the corolla-tube, filaments linear; anther-cells oblong, slightly curved, dehiscing by 1-2 terminal pores. Ovary completely 2-celled ; ene large ; style filiform, stigma small capitate. Capsule globose, septici- ally 2-valved. Seeds numerous.—Species 38, in the Himalaya, Java, and Ladrone Islands. 1, G. paucisquama, Clarke in Herb. Calcutta; pairs of scales on the stem 1-2 only. ; Sruxm ; alt. 6000 ft., King. Stem 2-4 in., white, fleshy. Leaves $ in., elliptic, white. Calyax-lobes 4 in., oblong, white. Corolla-lobes 3 in., linear-lanceolate, dark blue. Filaments 4-hin. Residuary. Species 147-154, not seen. Subgenus 1. Buterwa. Calyx 2-lipped to the base; one lip 3-fid less than one-third the way down, the other 2-fid or 2-partite.—(Spikes strobili- form; bracts prominent, imbricate. Stamens 4. Seeds (where known) elastically hairy when wetted.—Species of Pegu and Tenasserim.) 1. S. rufescens, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 472; leaves ovate acute crenate more or less rufous-hairy, spikes dense strobilate hirsute, bracts broadly ovate, calyx 2-partite both segments very shortly toothed. Ruellia rufescens, Roth Nov. Sp. 304. R. comosa, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 43, and Ic. Ined. in Herb. Kew. RB. ulmifolia, Wall. Cat. 2360. Butera ulmifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 84, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 196. Prev; Brandis—DistRis. Moluccas (Roxburgh), Ashrub; branches perfectly glabrous, or intensely shaggy with red hairs 3-4 in. long. Leaves 13-4 in., often unequal, base obtuse or rounded, hirsute on both surfaces in the type examples, nerves 6 pair; petiole 1-1} in. Spikes 1-2 in., short- peduncled ; bracts 4 in., fulvous-hirsute ; bracteoles scarcely } in., sublinear. Calyx 4in., 2-partite to the base, rufous-ciliate towards the apex; segments very shortly toothed, one 2-toothed, the other 3-toothed with the middle tooth broader subemargi- nate. Corolla 1 in., pale-purple, cylindric base of the tube rather shorter than the moderately ventricose part. Capsule 3 in., densely pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds less than 4, in., orbicular, fine elastically white-bairy, areoles 0. Var. rubiginosa ; leaves larger thinner glabrate lineolate above, bracteoles 7; in., ovate.—Tenasserim ; Helfer (Kew Distrib. n. 6118). Chittagong; Clarke.—Stems thinly shortly rufous-hirsute ; leaves 54 by 23 in., base shortly acuminate, crenate, green, herbaceous; nerves beneath thinly rufous-hairy.—Helfer’s example is unlike those of Ruellia ulmifolia, but very like the figure of R. comosa, Roxb. Clarke’s examples have the stems sparsely or densely rufous-hirsute, the leaves glabrate lineolate above or rufous-hirsute; the corolla is 1} in., pale-purple, nearly glabrous with glabrous filaments, altogether as in Roxburgh’s picture. : 2. S. acuminatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 473, partly; leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends crenate nearly glabrous, spikes oblong short-peduncled glandular, bracts ovate shorter than the calyx, calyx sub-2-partite one lip shortly trifid the other bifid nearly to the base. S. subflaccidus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 94, ew deser. Adena- Strobilanthes.] ox. acanTHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) 431 canthus acuminatus, ees in Wall, Cat. 7153, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 84, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 197 (excl. tad. cited). Burma; “locus incertus,” Wallich. ; A herb; branches elongate, nearly glabrous. Leaves 5 by 14 in., base long attenuate, often subserrate, lineolate above; nerves 6-7 pair, minutely fuscous pubescent beneath ; petiole 0-3 in. Peduneles 3-2 in.; spikes 3-1 in.; bracts } in., ovate ; bracteoles 4 in., elliptic, wider upwards than the bracts. Calyx scarcely 4 in., glandular-ciliate. Corolla (ex Nees) } in. at least, glabrous, tubular; limb equal with obtuse segments. Ovary 4-ovulate. Capsule not known.—Description mainly from Nees, the single sheet of Wallich being too imperfect to verify several points. T. Anderson, proceeding on the similarity in the leaves, has assumed that Nees’ description is materially wrong, and that Wall. Cat. 7152 is -really identical with S. longipes, n. 76 infra. If that be so, it remains as S. subjlaccidus, Kurz. 3. S. Parishii, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate thinly hirsute, spikes linear-oblong strobilate white-hairy, bracts oblong or slightly wider upwards, calyx 2-partite both segments very shortly toothed, : MovrMeIn; Parish. TENasseRIM; Beddome. ; A branching herb ; stems subterete rufous-pubescent or subhirsute. Leaves 5} by 23 in., base cuneate or obtuse, crenate, nerves 6 pair; petiole 4-2 in. Spikes 2 by 4 in., short-peduncled ; bracts + by 4-2 in., obtuse; bracteoles 2 in., linear. Calyx 4 in., nearly as of S. rufescens. Corolla 14 in., nearly straight, glabrous, blue; cylindric base of the tube hardly half so long as the campanulate ; lobes short, round. Capsule 3-4 in., pubescent, 4-seeded.. Seeds scarcely 7, in., orbicular, elastically white-hairy ; areoles hardly any. 4, S. foetidissima, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1878, pt. ii. 93; leaves ovate acuminate at both ends serrate-dentate hirsute on both surfaces, spikes short-peduncled lax short tawny-hirsute, bracts obovate-cuneate obtuse, calyx-segments deeply lobed. MarraBan; Kurz, A herb; branches fulvous-hairy. Leaves 3-5 in., membranous, long-petioled. Bracts 4 in., glandular-hirsute; bracteoles similar, but shorter and broader. Calyx as long as the bracts, adpressedly glandular-puberulous. Corolla 1} in., and filaments glabrous. Style hirsute. Capsule 4 in., glabrous. Seeds } in. diam., adpressedly villous.— Copied from Kurz, who says it is allied to S. rufescens, whence it is pre- sumed the calyx is definitely 2-lipped; but in the large capsule and seeds it differs from the other species allied to S. rufescens. ‘Subgenus 2. Endopogon. Calyx deeply subequally 5-fid. Stamens 2 fertile—(Spikes mostly continuous, sometimes shortened into heads, less commonly interrupted at the base, the lowest flowers then in opposite pairs ; bracts persistent). * Seeds (even in water) glabrous, without areoles on the faces.— Lower half of the corolla-tube cylindric, suddenly widening into the ventricose part.—Species of Ceylon, with one (8. foliosus) in the 8. Deccan Peninsula. 5. S. viscosus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 226, exel. syn. Wight, and in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 465, partly; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends crenulate sparsely pubescent or glabrate, spikes linear subinterrupted viscous-hairy, flowering calyx 4 in. divided less than half-way down. Haag viscosus, ees in DC. Prodr. xi. 104, exel, Var. humilis, not of ight, Czyxton, up to 7000 ft. alt., frequent; Gardner, Walker, Thwaites (n. 2898, un. 2002, partly), &e. ; 432 crx. acantoacem. (C.B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. A shrub, 2-5 ft. Leaves 4 by 13 in. ; nerves 7-8 pair, not conspicuously parallel ; petiole $ in. Spikes 3-8 in., axillary, simple or compound, and running into terminal panicles ; flowers opposite, lowest pair usually distant; bracts 4 in., elliptic or oblong, attenuated upwards ; bracteoles 3-3 in., narrow. Calyx viscidly hairy, teeth lanceo- late; calyx in fruit enlarged often % in. or more, split to the base into lanceolate segments. Corolla 1} in., densely pubescent without; linear-base of the tube din., very narrow, ventricose portion 3 by 4 in., oblique, lobes ovate. Filaments glabrous except near,the base ; anthers large, pendulous, subexserted. Capsule 4 in., 4-seeded. Seeds more than } in., ovoid, thinning towards the apex, smooth, hairless. Var. microphyllus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 104; leaves 4-1} in., spikes very weak few-fld.—Ceylon.—The type specimen of this has no fruit; but Walker, n. 122, has similar small leaves and fruit exactly as of S. viscosus type. Var. digitalis; bracts abbreviated, spikes elongate slender, minutely deciduously cinereous-woolly not hairy nor viscous, Endopogon digitalis, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 104 (sp.).—Ceylon ; Walker.—This is possibly nearer S. exareolatus, but the example is in young flower. Vaz. arguta; leaves more rigid more acutely (though minutely) toothed, spikes dense, bracts } in. oblong imbricate, calyx minutely cinereous-woolly. Endopogon argutus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 104—Ceylon; Gardner.—The examples referred here by Nees (probably on the characters of the leaves) having fulvous viscid hairy spikes seem nearer S, viscosus, T. Anders. type. 6. S. stenodon, Clarke; glabrous, leaves ovate acuminate crenate, spikes linear scarcely interrupted, bracts short obovate, calyx divided half- way down, corolla-lobes narrowly oblong. CEYLON ; Matelle Kast, Beckett, Thwaites, C. P. n. 8874. Leaves 4} by 2 in,, shortly narrowed into the petiole; nerves 8 pair; petiole 1}in.; leaves white underneath in Beddome’s Ceylon specimen. Spikes 2-5 in., axillary, simple or compound, running into terminal panicles; bracts } in.; bracteoles } in., narrowly oblong. Calyx glabrous, teeth lanceolate. Corolla glabrous in bud, white-hairy within ; cylindric base 4 in., very narrow ; ventricose tube 4 in. long and broad ; lobes 3-3 in. Anthers exserted, pendulous. Ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule not seen.—A remarkable plant with the habit, inflorescence and bracts of Stenosi- phonium Russellianum; the narrow lobes of the corolla are unlike any neighbouring species or genus. 7. S. exareolatus, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends slightly undulate crenate glabrous, spikes linear lax hairy, calyx narrow overtopping the bracts divided less than half-way down. S. consanguineus, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 226, and in Journ Linn, Soc. ix. 465, partly. Stenosiphonium diandrum, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 105, not of Wight. Endopogon consanguineus, Nees J. c. as to the Ceylon material. CrrtLoy, alt. 3000 ft.; Walker. Ashrub. Leaves 34 by 14 in.; nerves 6 pair; petiole 2in. Spikes 2-4 in., running into terminal panicles; bracts +4 in., ovate or oblong; bracteoles 4 in., narrow. Calyz (in flower) 3-4 in., teeth sublinear ; in fruitenlarged. Corolla 3 in., resembling that of S. viscosus but smaller. Capsule 5 in., 4-seeded.' Seeds scarcely qh in., ellipsoid, smooth, hairless, without lateral areoles.—Near S. viscosus, differing by the short bracts, narrow cylindric calyx, smaller flowers and much smaller seeds. As to the synonyms, tbe type specimens of Nees and T. Anderson, written on by their own hands, are preserved at Kew. Vaz. densa; spikes denser, bracts elliptic imbricate often as long as the calyx.— Ceylon, alt. 2-6000 ft.; Thwaites, u. 2002 chiefly, &c. 8. S. rhytisperma, Clarke ; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends denticulate thinly white-cottony beneath, spikes linear uninterrupted glabrous, bracts lanceolate about equalling the calyx. 8S. hypoleucus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 226, not Endopogon hypoleucus, Nes. Strobilanthes.| ork. acantHaces. (C. B. Clarke.) 433 Cryton ; Central Province, Thwaites, C. P. 2897, collected by Gardner. Stem glabrous. Leaves 5 by 13 in., mature glabrous above; nerves 8 pair; petiole $in. Spikes 3-4 in., clustered in the axils (end of the branch not seen) ; bracts }in. Calyx 4 in., divided half-way down, hardly enlarged in fruit; teeth narrowly lanceolate, glabrous. Corolla glabrous without in bud. Capsule } in., 4.seeded. Seeds y, in., obovate-elliptic, ‘smooth, hairless, longitudinally wrinkled, without lateral areoles. _9. S. nigrescens, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 226, and in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 465; leaves narrowly elliptic acuminate at both ends serrulate glabrous, spikes linear uninterrupted hirsute, bracts lanceolate mostly: overtopping the calyx. Bedd. Ic. PL Ind. Or. t. 217. Cryton, alt. 3000 ft.; Thwaites, C. P. n. 3353. , A shrub, 4-5 ft., blackish-green when dry. Leaves 5 by 13 in., lineolate above, reticulate beneath ; nerves 7 pair; petiole 1} in. Spikes 2-5 in., axillary, simple or compound, and running into terminal panicles; bracts } in.; bracteoles 4-! in., narrow. Calyx jin. and upwards hairy, divided about half-way down, enlarged in fruit. Corolla pale-purple, very nearly as of S. viscosus. Capsule 2 in., very broad and stout, 2-seeded (in Thwaites, 3353). Seeds 3 in. diam. (unripe), hairless and without lateral areoles.” 10. S. rhamnifolius, JZ. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 226, and in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 466; leaves ovate shortly acuminate crenate-serrnlate glabrous, spikes linear-oblong very hairy densely panicled, bracts widely- elliptic imbricated. Buterzea rhamnifolia, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 725. En- dopogon rhamnifolius, Wight Ic. t. 1521. Crryton, Gardner; alt. 3000 ft., Thwaites, C. P. n. 2007. A shrub, 1-2 ft., hairy upwards. Leaves 2} by 14 in., base obtusely rhomboid ; nerves 6 pair; petiole 14 in. Spikes 1-4 in.; bracts 2 in., not acuminate ; bracteoles 3-} in., linear-oblong. Calyx } in., very hairy, divided hardly half-way down (not’so deeply as figured by Wight); teeth narrowly lanceolate. Corolla 1-1} in., purple, pubescent, cylindric portion more than } in., very narrow, ventricose portion }-4 in, ; teeth ovate. Stamens 2; filaments sparsely hairy more than half their length. Ovules 2 in each cell.—The habit, bracts and shape of the corolla are much as in S. exareolata var. densa; but the capsule and seeds ‘being unknown, the exact position is doubtful. ; 11. S. deflexus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 227, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 470; glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends denticulate, heads peduncled few-fid. closely capitate. Bedd, Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 218. Cry1oy, alt. 3-4000 ft. ; Gardner, Thwaites, C. P. 1998. A shrub, 4-5 ft., green. Leaves 43 by 1} in.; nerves 6 pair; petiole 1 in. Peduneles axillary, 1-14 in., thickened upwards, deflexed; outer bracts 3 in., elliptic, often nearly enclosing the whole head; proper bract % in., lanceolate ; bracteoles rather shorter, linear. Calyx 2 in., divided half-way down, glabrous or the linear-lanceolate teeth puberulous. Corolla 3-1 in., pale purple, nearly glabrous, hairy in the palate within; cylindric base of the tube as long as (and suddenly widened into) the ventricose portion, not so funnel-shaped as in Beddome’s figure. Stamens 2, glabrous. Pistil glabrous. Capsule not seen; and, the seeds being unknown, the affinity is doubtful. 12. S. foliosus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 467; leaves ovate serrulate glabrous, heads sessile ovoid densely capitate. Goldfussia Leschenaultiana, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 172. Endopogon foliosus & capitatus, Wight Ic. tt. 1501, 1499. Niteuerry Mrs., alt. 6-7000 ft., frequent; Gardner, Wight, &c. VOL. Iv. F f. 434 CIx. ACANTHACERH. (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. Stems 1-2 ft., much branched, rigid. Leaves 2 by 1} in., shortly acuminate at both ends, conspicuously lineolate above; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole 4 in. Heads numerous, terminal, } in. diam., each closely embraced by the two uppermost leaves (ex- clusive of the proper bracts) ; bracts 2 in., linear-oblong, at first nearly glabrous or hairy ; bracteoles 3 in., linear, at first nearly glabrous or hairy. Calyx 3 in., divided hardly half-way down, obscurely or prominently hairy at flower-time, hirsute in fruit, segments narrowly lanceolate. Corolla 1} in., blue or whiteish, glabrous without, hairy along 2 lines within; linear base of the tube about as long as the suddenly- widened ventricose part. Filaments hairy nearly to the summit ; rudiments often 3, whereof 2 often carry minute rudimentary anthers. Ovary slightly hairy upwards. Capsule % in., 4-seeded. Seeds } in. long, very thin, glabrous; areoles 0.—There is no difference between the typical foliosus and the Var. capitatus ; the heads on one stem which appear (superficially) glabrous in flower are very hairy in fruit, owing to the development of the hairs on the bract, bracteoles and calyx. ** Seeds (in water) densely hairy except on two lateral circular areoles near the base on each face.—(Linear or subcylindric base of the corolla short, more gradually narrowing into the ventricose portion than in the preceding section.—Species of the 8. Deccan Peninsula.) 13. S. Kunthianus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 465; leaves elliptic narrowed into the petiole crenate-serrate rigid strongly nerved beneath, spikes dense, bract ovate, calyx deeply divided, corolla 1 in. blue. Ruellia Kunthiana, Wall. Cat. 2367. Phlebophyllum Kunthianum, Nees in Wall, Pl. As. Rar, ui. 83, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 102; Wight Ic. t. 448. P. angustifolium, Benth. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 1178. Mrs. of S. Deccan Penrnsv1a, alt. 5000-7500 ft.; plentiful in the Nilgherries, Wight, &c. Stems 12-20 in., numerous, erect, rigid, quadrangular upwards. Leaves 2 by lin., obtuse or subacuminate, bristly or scabrid above ; primary nerves beneath close, parallel, prominent, secondary reticulated more or less concealed by close hard white tomentum ; petiole 3 in., very broad. Spikes 1-3 in., hairy ; bract 3 in.; bracteoles zin., linear-ligulate. Calyx 3-4 in., ftoccose-villous ; segments linear-lanceolate, base shortly connate. Corolla ventricose from near the base, palate hairy within, blue or whiteish. Filaments pilose. Ovary glabrous; style hairy. Capsule 4-4 in., oblong, rigid. Seeds 4, densely hairy (hairs spreading when wet) except on the circular basal areola on each of its faces, 14. S. gossypinus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 466; leaves ovate acute entire woolly beneath, spikes linear-oblong woolly, corolla 12 in. woolly without. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 198. Mts. of S. Deccan Prninsuna, alt. 4000-5500 ft. ; Mysore, Lobb; Sispara plentiful, &c., Beddome. : Shrubby, covered (except the leaves above) with dense yellowish wool, flowering at 6-7 years old, then dying. Leaves 4 by 2 in., base broadly rhomboid, subcoriaceous, wool of upper surface deciduous; nerves 13 pair, approximate, subparallel ; petiole Zin. Spikes 1-3 in., compound and (by the reduction of the upper leaves) running into terminal panicles ; bracts 4} in., elliptic, obtuse ; bracteoles 4 in., linear-oblong. Calyx nearly } in., divided about half-way down ; segments narrowly lanceolate, subobtuse. Corolla nearly straight; ventricose portion of the tube much longer than the cylindric base. Filaments hairy. Ovary glabrous, with a few long hairs near the apex; style glabrous; ovules 4, Seeds not seen. 15. S. canaricus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t.215; leaves ovate acumi- nate subentire mature puberulous on the nerves beneath, spikes linear-oblong minutely cinereous-lanate, bracts ovate, corolla % in. white. my Strobilanthes.| crx. acantHaces, (C. B. Clarke.) 435 Deccan PEninsuza; S. Camara, on the Kudra Mukh Mt., alt. 6000 ft., Beddome. A rigid shrub, 3-4 ft.; tips of the branches and young leaves densely clothed with caducous yellowish wool. Leaves crowded towards the ends of the branches, 3 by 1} in., base rhomboidal, mature nearly glabrous except the nerves beneath ; nerves 9 pair, approximate, subparallel ; petiole $in. Spikes 1-2 in., clustered in the upper axils, forming a dense terminal panicle, thinly, duskily, deciduously woolly ; bracts 3-4 in., ovate, obscurely acuminate ; bracteoles scarcely } in., narrowly lanceo- late. Calyx 4 in., divided half-way down; segments narrowly lanceolate. Corolla very pubescent, ventricose portion much longer than the cylindric base. Filaments hairy. Ovary glabrous, style minutely sparsely hairy; ovule solitary in each celi (in the only ovary examined), probably never as in Beddome’s figure, which shows the ovules 2 in each cell, the Jower pendulous. 16. S. cuspidatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 465; leaves ovate acuminate subentire densely white silky beneath, spikes linear oblong glandular fulvous hairy, bracts narrowly elliptic acuminate, corolla 1 in. blue-purple. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 221. Hndopogon cuspidatus, Benth. in Pl. Hohenack. no. 1169, and in Linnea, xxiv. 646. EH. versicolor, Wight Ill. t. 164 b. fig. 4 (left-hand), and Jc. t. 1497, both figure and description. NILGHEREIES, alt. 47000 ft., frequent ; Wight, Gen. Munro, &e. Ashrub, 2-5 ft. Leaves 4 by 24 in., base shortly acuminate, mature glabrous above, raphides not prominent ; nerves 8 pair, approximate, subparallel ; petiole 14 in. Spikes 1-3 in., often laxly panicled at the ends of the branches; bracts 3 in., hase concave, acuminate, tip recurved; bracteoles } in., linear. Calys 3 in., divided 2 the way down; teeth linear, very glandular-hairy (not so lanceolate as in Beddome’s figure). Corolla nearly glabrous; 2 rows of long white hairs on the palate within, between which the style (itself nearly glabrous, not as in Beddome’s figure) lies. Filaments glabrous, except near the base. Capsule } in., 4-seeded ; seeds discoid, with a circular areola cn each face, densely hairy except on the areola.— T. Anderson refers Wight Ic. t. 1497 to S. viscosus, but the plant from which that figure was drawn is at Kew, and is S. cuspidatus. 17. S. consanguineus, Clarke, not of T. Anders.; leaves ovate acuminate obscurely toothed glabrous beneath, spikes linear-oblong glandular hairy, bracts narrowly elliptic hardly so long as the calyx, corolla % in. S. neglectus, 7. Anders. ms. Hndopogon consanguineus, Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. iii. 99, and partly in DC. Prodr. xi, 104. Ruellia spicata, Roth Nov. Sp. 310; Nees in DC. Prodr, xi. 158. S. Mapras ; Negapatam and Nilgherries, Wight; Courtallum, Wight, n. 1982. Very similar to the last species; but the leaves are more distinctly toothed, the flowerssmaller. Leaves glabrate, prominently lineolate above; nerves 7 pair. Spikes compound, axillary and terminal, often slender, sublinear. Calyx 3 in., divided half- way down or more; segments narrowly lanceolate, glandular-hairy. Corolla-lobes ovate, acute. Filaments glabrous, except at the very base. Capsule 3-4 in., 4-seeded. Seeds discoid, areolate on both faces, densely hairy except on the areole.—This is the original Endopogon consanguineus of Nees, which was founded on Wight n. 1982, the example of which authenticated in Nees’ hand is at Kew. Subsequently, in DC. Prodr., Nees united with this species the totally remote 8. exareolatus. T. Anderson published (in Thwaites Hnum. 226) this latter species as S. consanguineus, T. Anders., while he separated in the herbarium the old Wight n. 1982 on which he has written S. neglectus, nov. sp. Vaz. Amomum ; leaves more clearly toothed, spikes slender minutely pubescent or very nearly glabrous, bracts acuminate to an obtuse apex often overtopping the calyx. S. consanguineus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 465, partly; Bedd. Ic. Pl, Ind. Or. t. 216. Ruellia sesamoides, Wall. Cat. 2408, ¢ and a chiefly. Endopogon Amomum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 99, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 104.—Nil-. gherries; Wight, n. 1980, &c. my Ff2 436 crx. acanTHAcEx, (C. B, Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. Var. hypoleuca; as Var. Amomum, but the leaves often (when young) silky white beneath. Ruellia sesamoides, Wall. Cat. 240 B. Endopogon hypoleucus, Nees in Wail. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 99, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 104. E. viseosus, Nees, Var. humilis, Wight Ic. t. 1498; Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 104.—Mts of S. Madras, Wight; Bellary, Beddome.—A very trifling var. of the preceding Var. Amomum ; but the Ceylon plant, the S. hypoleucus of T. Anderson, is the very different S. rhytisperma. 18. S. jeyporensis, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. '214; leaves ovate acuminate crenulate mature nearly glabrous, spikes linear-oblong viscidly patently hairy, bracts lanceolate acuminate recurved, corolla } in. white. S. Dgccan PENINSULA; Golconda in Vizigapatam, alt. 2500 ft., and Mts. in Jeypore, Beddome. A large shrub. Leaves 73 by 4 in, base shortly acuminate, mature’ densely obscurely lineolate above, thinly puberulous beneath; nerves 11 pair; petiole 2% in. Spikes 1-2} in., uninterrupted ; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles § in., narrow. Calyx } in. and upwards, divided 3 the way down; segments linear from a short lanceolate base, patently hairy. Corolla nearly straight, ventricose portion of the tube much longer than the cylindric. Ovary 4-ovulate in Beddome’s figure. Capsule } in., 2-seeded in Beddome’s example. Seeds discoid, areolate on each face, densely hairy except on the areole. ¥** Species of the Khasia Hills. 19. S. adnatus, Clarke; leaves widely elliptic acuminate at both ends subentire glabrous, spikes linear stout dense strobiliform, bracts ovate acute adnate, calyx and corolla small. S. decurrens, Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 470, not of Nees (in DC. Prodr. xi. 189). Endopogon decurrens, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 105. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 83-5000 ft., frequent; Grigtth, H. f. & 7., &c. Upper Assam; Jenkins. A shrub, 2-4 ft., nearly glabrous. Leaves 6 by 2} in.; nerves 10 pair; petiole 14 in. Spikes 3-5 in., axillary and terminal in short dense panicles; bracts 3 by } in., glabrous, ciliate, persistent, reticulate, scarious ; bracteoles 0. Calysx scarcely tin., divided nearly to the base into linear segments. Corolla }-} in., glabrous without. Stamens 2; glabrous except at their point of attachment, 2 linear rudi- ments added. Capsule 3 in., 4-seeded. Seeds ovate, glistening, glabrous, hairless, without lateral areoles. 20. S. khasyanus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 471; hirsute, leaves ovate acuminate toothed, spines axillary clustered linear lax, bracts linear-spathulate as long as the calyx, corolla slender white. Endopogon khassyanus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 104. Kaasta Mrts., alt. 2-4000 ft.; Grigtth, Hf. §& T., &. Sixenr; jeelii (Herb. Griffith). g Darjecling A shrub, 2-4 ft., densely patently brown-bairy, samewhat glandular-viscid. Leaves 4 by 2 in., shortly narrowed into the petiole, strongly crenate or subserrate, mature hirsute on both surfaces; nerves 9 pair; petiole 1} in. Spikes 1-4 in., forming axillary tufts of unequal length, linear but scarcely interrupted ; bracts Zin; brac- teoles}in., linear. Sepals +in., linear, somewhat enlarged in fruit. Corolla-tube } in., linear, funnel-shaped only towards the top, lobes 3-} in., roundish, patent. Filaments glabrous, unless at the very base, anthers much exsert. Capsule } in., 4-seeded. Seeds ovate, with an areola on each side; hairy (except on the areoles) with adpressed hairs inelastic when wetted. Subgenus 3. Bustrobilanthes. Calyx deeply subequally 5-fid. Stamens 4, perfect ; anthers not very unequal. Strobilanthes.]| olx. acanTHacea. (C. B, Clarke.) 437 Series A. Bracteate. Bracts prominent, persistent or only late decidu- ous. Flowers spiked, clustered or strobilate; spikes sometimes interrupted below, but flowers never all scattered. * Flowers capitate or shortly spicate. (An artificial section passing by gradations into the strobiliform or interruptedly spicate sections.) + Seeds glabrous (in a few not known).—Species of Ceylon and the Deccan Peninsula. 21. S. barbatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii, 85, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 179; leaves broad-elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, bracts obovate cuspidate squarrose, corolla white very hairy within, seeds usually 2. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 468; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 212. S. tetrapterus, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 8342; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187; TZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 468. Ruellia ciliata, Heyne in Herb. Rotiler; Wall. Cat. 2392 (not Wall. Cat. 2415). ‘ W. Deccan PEninsuza; from the Bombay Ghats to Cape Comorin, alt. 3000 ft., Wight, Dalzell, &c. A gregarious shrub, flowering once at about 7 years old, then dying (Beddome) ; stem often winged. Leaves 7 by 3 in., crenulate or subentire, lineolate especially above; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole 1-3 in., base often auriculate, sometimes winged. Heads 1-2 in., sessile, very dense; bracts 3 in., obscurely quadrifarious, green, ciliate; bracteoles 3 in., linear, ciliate. Calyw}in., divided more than half-way down, green, ciliolate; segments linear-lanceolate. Corol/a 3-1 in.; cylindric base as long as the suddenly-widened subcampanulate portion ; limb nearly erect, subequal. Filaments sparsely hairy upwards. Pistil sparsely hairy and glabrous. Capsule 4-4 in., clavate, always 2-seeded. Seeds nearly } in. long, very thin, elliptic, areoles 0.—The fruit has only been seen in the form S. tetrapterus, Dalz. In the old examples of S, barbatus the corolla is barely } in., the heads and bracts are smaller, the calyx less deeply divided; but Beddome says (from knowledge of the living plant) that there is only one species here. 22. S. lanceolatus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 181; glabrous except the calyx, leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends nearly entire, heads small capitate few-fld., calyx-segments in flower lanceolate acute slightly hairy in fruit, capsule 4-seeded. §. adenophorus, Nees 1. c. 182; T. Anders. in Thwaites Hnum, 228, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 466, not of Beddome. Martynia lanceolate, Moon Cat. Pl. Ceyl. Goldfussia Myrtinia, Nees 1. c. 174. Crryton; Four Korles and Saffragam, Macrae, Thwaites, &c. A small shrub; branches quadrangular. Leaves 3 by 3 in., prominently lineolate above; nerves 6 pair; petiole 4.in. Heads } in. (exclusive of the corolla), 2—4-fid., in appearance solitary peduncled, peduncles slightly thickened upwards quadrangu- lar or subalate ; floral leaves 2, elliptic, } in., in the-dried examples erect, overtopping closely enveloping the flower-head; proper bract } in., oblong; bracteoles 2, 3 in., sublinear, often suppressed in the upper flowers as commonly in close heads. Calya 2 in., divided half-way down, segments in fruit elongate obtuse. Corolla 14-12 in., nearly glabrous without, light-blue; cylindric nearly as long as the ventricose part. Filaments hairy downwards. Ovary hairy at the apex. Capsule % in., narrowly oblong. Seeds 2 in, long, thin, elliptic, glabrous ; areoles } the length of the seed. 93. S. heteromallus, 7. Anders. ms.; villous, subhispid, leaves ovate acute, heads ovoid, bracts oblong overtopping the calyx, ovary densely hairy at the tip. S. scaber, Var. y Mees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 84, Var. B Nees in DC. Prodr. x1. 178, as to Wight’s Deccan material. Ruellia scabra, Wall. Cat. 2377 (not Wall, Cat. 2393). 438 crx, acantaacez. (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. Nitenreriss; Canoor, Wight (an. 1945, 2207, herb. propr.). A coarsely hairy shrub, resembling S. Wightianus. Leaves attaining 54 by 38 in. (mostly much smaller), base obtuse shortly decurrent on the petiole, nearly entire, thick, rugose, upper surface subhispid with hairs from tubercular bases, under villous ; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole 14 in. Heads sessile, 1 in., dense, hairy; bracts 3-1 in., erect ; bracteoles 3 in., sublinear. Calya } in. or more, divided more than half-way down ; segments linear-lanceolate, hairy upwards. Corolla 1 in., glabrous without, hairy within, subsymmetric, cylinder portion of the tube as long as the ventricose. Stamens 4; filaments very hairy at the base. Ovary dense fulvous-hairy at the tip ; style sparsely hairy; ovules 4. Capsule scarcely 3 in., narrowly ellipsoid, 2- or 4. seeded. Seeds more than } in., glabrous; areoles 0.—This in the dry state greatly resembles S. Wightianus, but the ovary, style and seeds differ. Col. Beddome says the shrub is well known to him at Canoor, but has not flowered during his whole residence in the Nilgherries. 24. S. Wightianus, Wees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 86, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 180; coarsely hairy, leaves ovate, heads ovoid, bracts elliptic- acuminate overtopping the calyx, ovary glabrous at the tip, capsule 4-seeded. Wight Ic.t. 1514; ZL. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soc. ix. 466. NineuHErry Mrs,, alt. 7-8000 ft., frequent; Gardner, Wight, Gen. Munro, &e. Stems 2-3 ft., stout, often almost shaggy. Leaves 14-2 by lin., obtuse, base shortly cuneate, thick, rugose. Bracts 3-1 in., acute; bracteoles % in., linear- spathulate. Calyx 2 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear-oblong, sub- obtuse, softly hairy; in fruit somewhat membranous nervose. Corolla $-1 in., blueish, nearly glabrous without, with hairy lines within; cylindric base of the tube much shorter than the ventricose part. Ovary glabrous; stylesparsely hairy. Cap- sule 4 in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds 7; in. long, thin, elliptic, glabrous; areoles 0 — Otherwise as the preceding species, which Wight appears to have included under Wightianus. 25. S. pulneyensis, Clarke; hirsute, leaves ovate shortly acute, heads subglobose abbreviated dense with foliaceous bracts, style-base Batey hairy, corolla-tube with long linear-cylindric base. S. punctatus, edd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 204 in note, not of Nees. S. Deccan ; Pulney Hills and Anamallays, Beddome. Resembling S. Wightianus, but with a differently shaped corolla. Leaves 3 by 2 in., base rounded or cuneate, crenate, thick, tubercular-bairy above, more softly hairy beneath; petiole 14 in. Heads much depressed, as if into flattened rosettes, the rounded bracts patent on all sides; bracteoles 4-3 in., linear-lanceolate. Calyx 4-2 in., divided more than half-way down; segments linear-lanceolate, hairy. Corolla 1 in., somewhat hairy in the bud; cylindric base as long as the ventricose part. Filaments glabrous, except at the base. Ovary slightly patently hairy towards the apex, 4-ovulate. Capsule not seen.—Communicated by Col. Beddome as probably Ruellia ? punctata of Wight, which differs very considerably. In the absence of seeds, it is placed by guess next S. Wightianus. : 26. S. neilgherrensis, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 196; hirsute, sub- hispid, leaves large ovate acuminate, heads ovoid, bracts narrow-oblong, bracteoles and calyx-segments in fruit elongate caudate patently bristly, capsule 4.seeded. S. DEccan, common in the mountains, Nilgherries, Pulneys, Coorg, &c., Bed- dome. A shrub, general aspect of S. Perrottetianus. Leaves 6 by 8} in., base obtuse, crenate, coarsely hispid with white or yellow hairs from tubercular bases; nerves 8 pair; petiole 1-2 in. Heads sessile, capitate, not elongate even in fruit; bracts 1 by ; in.; bracteoles at flower-time } in., linear, in fruit elongate very long-tailed. Sepals 4 in.; in fruit at least 1 in., base lanceolate with leaden glabrous scarious margins. Strobilanthes.] crx. acantHacus. (C. B. Clarke.) 439 Corolla 13-1} in., glabrous without, white (Beddome), cylindric base nearly as long as the urceolate part. Filaments hairy, especially downwards. Style sparsely patently hairy. Capsule % in., oblong ellipsoid. Seeds thin, obovate, obtuse, glabrous ; areoles 0.—Beddome says “ ovary very hairy at the apex,” but in his figure and speci- mens it is very slightly so. Possibly the note applied to heteromallus ? 27. S. Perrottetianus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 179; rufous-hirsute, leaves ovate acuminate, heads ovoid or subclavate, bracts ovate acute over- topping the calyx, capsule 2-seeded. Wight Ic. t. 1518; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 466. NILGHERRY Mrz., alt. 6-8000 ft., frequent ; Wight, &. Stem 2-3 ft. Leaves 44 by 2} in. (often smaller), base broadly rhomboid, crenate ; nerves 7 pair; petiole 14 in. Heads 1-2 in., often wider upwards, or substrobiliform, hirsute, in appearance peduncled or panicled, but the two outermost bracts are empty, and more or less leafy ; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles 3 in., linear. Calyx 3 in., divided $ the way down, subscarious with numerous red hairs; segments sublinear, acute. Corolla 1 in., pale-lilac, subsymmetric; narrow portion of the tube short; glabrous ‘without. Filaments hairy. Ovary glabrous ; base of style patently hairy. Capsule } in., oblong-ellipsoid, 2-seeded. Seeds } in. long and upwards, very thin, ovate, not hairy, but minutely scabrous-lamellate ; areoles 0. 28. S. Zenkerianus, JT. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 467; gla- brous except the fruiting calyx-tips, leaves ovate shortly acuminate, spikes ovoid or oblong, bracts narrowly elliptic-oblong overtopping thé calyx, cap- sule 4-seeded. Goldfussia Zenkeriana, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 172. &. Leschenaultiana, Mees 7. c.?. EHndopogon Strobilanthes, Wight Ic. t. 1500. Nizewzery Mrs., alt. 6-8000 ft., frequent ; Sir F. Adam, Schmidt, Wight, &c. A shrub, 2-3 ft., much resembling S. foliosus (un. 8), and really ‘closely allied to it. Leaves 8 by 12 in., base cuneate, serrulate, upper surface prominently lineo- late ; nerves 7 pair; petiole 14-2 in. Spikes 1-2} in., young globose or oblong, mature oblong; bracts 2 in.; bracteoles 3 in., sublinear. Calyx 3-2 in., divided nearly to the base ; segments linear-lanceolate, glabrous or in the fruiting examples with scattered patent gland-tipped hairs. Corodda' 14 in., blueish, glabrous without ; cylindric nearly as long as the ventricose part. Filaments hairy in their lower half. - Pistil glabrous or nearly so. Capsulé'} in., ‘oblong-ellipsoid: Seeds } in. long,' very thin, elliptic, glabrous; areoles 0. 29. S. warreensis, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 841; leaves broad- lanceolate acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes oblong hairy, calyx reatly enlarged in fruit, corolla 4 in., capsule 4-seeded. Dalz. & Gibs. nk Fl. 187. 8. ciliatus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 468, partly. S. parviflorus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 197. W. Deccan PenrnsvLa; near Belgaum, Warree country, Dalzell; Ram Ghaut, Ritchie; Coorg and S. Canara, alt. 3000 ft., Beddome. Shrub, 2-5 ft. Leaves 6 by 2 in., much acuminate, crenate, lineolate on both surfaces; nerves 7 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes 1-2 in., peduncles hairy, erect in fruit; bracts (flowering) 4-4 in., elliptic, hairy; bracteoles } in., linear. Calyx (flowering) } in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear pubescent upwards. Corolla straight, nearly symmetric, glabrous, linear-cylindric about as long as the subeampanulate portion; white purple-spotted. Filaments hairy below, not more monadelphous than in many other species. Pistil glabrous. Capsule } in., clavate- oblong ; fruit-sepals 3 in., narrowly oblong, hairy. Seeds } in. long, thin, elliptic, glabrous ; areoles 0.—The extraordinary enlargement of the calyx in fruit was noted by Dr. Ritchie, whose examples have flowering and fruiting spikes on the same branch. 30. S. ciliatus, Nees in Wall. Pl, As. Rar. iii. 85, and in DC. Prodr. 440 CIX. ACANTHACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. xi. 183; glabrous, leaves broad-lanceolate acuminate at both ends, spikes small oblong often deflexed at flower-time, corolla small. TZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 468, partly; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or.t. 211. Ruellia ciliata, Wall. Cat. 2415 (not Wall. Cat. 2392). Goldfussia Zenkeriana, Wight Ic. t. 1517 ?, not of Nees. 8. Deccan Preninsvza; the Ghauts up to 4000 ft., common, Beddome; Nilgher- ries, Mangalore, &c., Courtallum, Wight (n. 1949, Herb. Propr.). _Resembling S. warreensis in leaves and spikes; but the peduncles and bracts are perfectly glabrous, the spikes slenderer. Corolla in the dried examples 4-% in.; Wight’s figure shows them very much too large; Beddome figures (and describes) them an inch, but his description appears largely taken from S. warreensis. 31. S. adenophorus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 225, not of Nees nor of T. Anders.; glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends subentire, heads oblong, bracts obovate, calyx-segments lanceolate subobtuse. S. Deccan ; Anamallay Mts., alt. 45000 ft., Beddome. Shrubby, 3-4 ft. Leaves 4 by 1 in., conspicuously lineolate above ; nerves 6 pair, slender; petiole }in. Heads 1-2 in., often deflexed; bracts 4-3 in., obtuse, some- times mucronate, glabrous, lineolate; bracteoles } in., narrowly ligulate. Calyx nearly } in., divided about half-way down; segmentsmembranous. Corolla 1-1} in., glabrous without, very hairy within, nearly straight; cylindric rather shorter than the urceolate part. Filaments hairy downwards. Pistil glabrous. Capsule not seen.— Beddome says that T. Anderson identified this plant with the Ceylon 8. lan- ceolatus, but there must have been some mistake, as except in the leaves there is little resemblance between the two. In its habit, deflexed peduncles, and bracts, this seems very nearly allied to S. ciliatus, Nees, but in the absence of seeds it is hazardous to guess at affinity. 32.? S. decurrens, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 189; glabrous, leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends, spikes clavate-oblong, bracts large narrowly elliptic obtuse decurrent. S. pallidus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 470. Goldfussia decurrens, Waght Ic. t. 1522 (not Endopogon decurrens, Nees). S. Deccan; Coimbatore, Courtallum and Nilgherries, Wight; Anamallays, Beddome. : Herbaceous (fide Wight), green. Leaves 7 by 24 in., entire or obscurely crenate, conspicuously lineolate above; nerves 10 pair; petiole lin. Peduncles 1-2 in., slightly thickened upwards, quadrangular or subalate, divaricate or deflexed, often with 2 bract-like leaves below the head ; heads 13 in., tapering at the base; bracts 1 by din. bracteoles 3 in., linear-ligulate. Calyx 3 in., subscarious, divided more than half-way down, segments lanceolate. Corolla 14 in., glabrous without; cylindric portion scarcely so long as the ventricose. Filaments hairy downwards. Pistil glabrous. Capsule not seen.—This species is placed here from its similarity to S. ciliatus and S. adenophorus. ++ Seeds hairy. | Species of the Deccan Peninsula and Ceylon. 33. S. Walkeri, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 181; nearly glabrous, leaves broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends, spikes ovoid few-fld. cymose, bracts ovate adnate obtuse bullate, capsule with 2 very large seeds. Bedd. Ic, Pl. Ind. Or. t. 222; TP. Anders. Thwaites Enum, 227, and in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 470. Cryton ; alt. 47000 ft., Walker, &c. A shrub, 6 ft., gregarious, flowering when about six years old, then dying. Leaves 63 by 28 in., crenate, minutely sparsely scabrid-pubescent; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole Strobilanthes. | crx. acantHacra. (C. B. Clarke.) 44] 14 in. Cymes often of 3 heads, sometimes compound; peduncles clavellulate or ‘winged; heads 4 in., 2-4 fld., enveloped by the two outer bract-like erect leaves ; proper bracts 4 in., green, slightly ciliate; bracteoles 4 in., sublinear. Sepals 4 in., linear-lanceolate, obtuse, scarious, nearly glabrous. Corolla } in,, subsymmetric, glabrous without, hairy within, white or purplish ; contracted base short. laments hairy at the base. Pistil glabrous. Capsule 2 in., ellipsoid. Seeds nearly } in., very thin, ovate, shaggy with adpressed wavy silky hair not elastic in water; areoles 0.—Beddome’s figure shows the corolla within and filaments glabrous, which they may be sometimes, for it is not a very constant character in Strobilanthes ; but none of the numerous specimens are so. Var. ? stenocarpa; leaves broadly ovate pubescent beneath somewhat flaccid, capsules 4 in, 2-seeded, seeds § in. shaggy with silky hair, areoles hardly any.— Ceylon; Thwaites, C. P. n. 3517. This probably differs specifically from 8S. Wailkeri, the difference in the size of the fruit being startling; but it must stand next to it. 34. S. Thwaitesii, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum, 227, and in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 470; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends scabrous pubescent beneath, spikes oblong few-fld. cymose, bracts sessile elliptic elongate acute bullate. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 219. Czyton ; Ambagamowa, Thwaites. : A shrub, 4-5 ft. Zeaves 6} by 23 in., crenulate, subcoriaceous, mature glabrate above fuscous pubescent beneath; nerves 7 pair; petiole 1} in, Peduncles fascicled or cymose, thickened upwards, more or less pubescent ; outermost empty bracts 3 in., ovate; bract proper nearly 1 in., ciliate; bracteoles 4 in., linear. Calya }in., divided 3 the way down; segments narrowly lanceolate, ciliate. Corolla exceeding 1 in., subsymmetric, white, glabrous without, hairy within; linear-cylindric base of the tube hardly.so long as the campanulate part. Filaments and style sparsely hairy. Capsule not seen. 35. S. caudatus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 228, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 470; leaves lanceolate caudate-acuminate fuscous-pubescent beneath, heads oblong fuscous-villous, bracts oblong, corolla nearly glabrous within, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 218. W. Deccan Peninsuna; S. Canara, 2-6000 ft., Beddome; common also in Koorg and Wynaad, fide Beddome. Crrton; Hantani, Thwaites (C. P. 0. 364). * Ashrub, 4-5 ft. Leaves 6 by 1} in., base tapering, subentire, mature glabrate lineolate above ; nerves 10-12 pair; petiole }in. Peduncles 1-2 in., hairy, divaricate, carrying 1-3 nodding spikes 4-13 in. loug; bracts 3 in., oblong ; bracteoles 3 in., narrowly oblong. Calyx nearly }in., oblong, softly brown-hairy, divided nearly to the base ; segments sublinear, obtuse. Corolla 3-1 in., nearly glabrous, white tinged orange or reddish; cylindric portion shorter than the ventricose; limb suboblique, segments short round. Filaments glabrous. Ovary scabrous, slightly glandular- hairy; style thinly hairy. Capsule 3 in., broadly ellipsoid, fuscous-pubescent, 2-seeded. Seeds 4 in. diam., rufous, inelastically shaggy ; areoles small.—Col. Beddome’s Malabar plant has rather longer hairs on the stem and leaves than the Ceylon. Van. laniceps; tips of the branchlets purple, peduncles and spikes densely white with patent hairs 4-4 in. long, corolla 1} in. very hairy within, filaments hairy.—Ceylon ; Thwaites.—Sent by Thwaites, numbered 364, subsequently to the rest of n. 864, and probably not seen by T. Anderson before Thwaites’ Enum. was published, 36. S. tristis, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 470; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, heads oblong 2-3-fid. panicled, bracts elliptic acuminate overtopping the densely hairy calyx-teeth, capsule 2-seeded. Goldfussia tristis, Waght Ic. t. 1508. Nizeweries; Gardner; below Sispara, Wight. S. TinnEvVELLY; Beddome. 442 cix. acantHacea. (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. An erect shrub. Leaves 7 by 2% in., crenate, lineolate on both surfaces ; nerves 6-7 pair beneath, minutely scabrid; petiole 2in. Heads several (sometimes 35) to the panicle; panicle branches slender, glabrescent ; outermost pair of pollen bracts usually 3 in., lanceolate, next pair resembling the proper bracts but empty, patently glistening hairy or quite glabrous; bract proper 2 in., sessile, green ; bracteoles 0. Sepals nearly + in., linear, scarious below, terminating in a dense tuft of multicellular hairs. Corolla 1 in., subsymmetric, pale-blue, hairy within; ventricose portion longer than the contracted; segments round. Filaments hairy towards the base. Style sparsely hairy. Capsule } in., narrowly ellipsoid. Seeds } in., thin, subquad- rate elliptic, shaggy with adpressed wavy silky hair not elastic when wetted, glabrous on the oblong large areoles. 37. S. anceps, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 189; thinly hairy, leaves ovate acuminate, heads small oblong, bracts obovate obtuse tips’ green squarrose or reflexed. . Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 466; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 204. CEYLON ; alt. 83-6000 ft., frequent, Gardner, &e. A small undershrub, much branched. eaves 3 by 13 in., obtuse or acuminate at the base, subentire, with scattered hairs and occasioually a few red glands beneath ; nerves 6 pair; petiole 4 in. Peduncles 0-1} in., numerous, often in clusters of 3, thickened upwards, 1-headed ; heads } in., ovoid, in fruit often 1-2 in. oblong ; bracts 4-3 in., adpressed downwards often densely red, glandular, tips prominently reflexed ; bracteoles }in., linear. Calyx 4 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear, thin, hairy, much enlarged in fruit. Corolla 3 in., slightly pubescent without, slightly ‘hairy within, straight, subsymmetric, white ; contracted base much shorter than the urceolate portion, segments rounded. Filaments with long hairs. Ovary densely glandular at the tip, style glabrous. Capsule } in., oblong, pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds 7, in., ovoid, closely hairy with short thick annulate hairs, elastically springing out when wetted. Vaz. microstachya; leaves and heads more hairy less glandular, calyx very small, corolla more hairy without. §S. macrostachya, Benth. in Flora 1849, 557. Huellia? punctata, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 147; Wight Ic. t. 1563.—Hills of S. Deccan; Courtallum, Wight; Mangalore, Hohenacker, n. 463; Anamallays, Beddome. Leaves 5 in.; filaments nearly glabrous. Beddome says that this plant is “very scabrous, the hairs arising from harsh papille.” Wight’s figure of Ruellia? punctuta is drawn from his Herb. Propr. n. 656, preserved at Kew, written up by Wright, and quoted by Nees ; but it is a particularly softly hairy form. As Beddome remarks, it is not taken up by T. Anderson. Var. ? punctata, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 229; leaves small ovate glabrous densely glandular beneath, bracts orbicular glabrous ciliated densely glandular tips not reflexed. Strobilanthes punctatus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 182 (sp.), not of Bedd.-—Ceylon; Walker. Leaves 3-1} in., subobtuse, base often subcordate. Perhaps specifically distinct, but there is only one example, without fruit, named by Nees. 38. S. Arnottianus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 179; softly laxly hairy, leaves cordate-ovate acute, heads obovoid nodding, bracts ovate acuminate, corolla subcampanulate lobes somewhat acute. JZ. Anders. in Thwaites Einum. 228, and in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 466; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 261. Cryton ; Newera Ellia, Walker, &c. An undershrub, branches hirsute upwards. Leaves 4 by 2 in., crenate-serrate, thinly hairy on both surfaces; nerves 4-5 pair; petiole 1-2 in. Heads 3-1 in, white-hairy ; bracts }-3 in., sessile ; bracteoles 3-3 in., linear-oblong. Calyx 4-3 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear-lanceolate. Corolla 2 in., straight, sym- metric, almost funnel-shaped from the very short contracted base, slightly hairy within and without, whiteish. 2%daments attached very low down the corolla, glabrous; anthers exserted. Ovary and style hairy. Capsule 4-seeded ; seeds (unripe) hairy. Strobilanthes.| crx. acantuacez, (C. B. Clarke.) 443 —The segments of the corolla are ovate; longer and much more acute than in Beddome’s figure. . 39. S.asperrimus, Nees in DO. Prodr, xi. 183; leaves broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends hairy, heads panicled, bracts elliptic concave glabrous, bracteoles 0. S. lupulinus, Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469, partly. S. Hookeri Var. 8, Nees I. ce. 185. Cryton; Walker, Gardner, &c. 5 _ Apparently a large shrub; branches swollen at the joints, scabrous, hirsute upwards. Leaves 9 by 4 in., crenate; nerves 11 pair; petiole 14 in. Panicles in Walker’s examples very compound ; heads 1-1} in., broadly oblong; bracts 3in. Calyx less than 3 in., divided nearly to the base; segments ligulate, scarious, lineolate. Corolla § in., little contracted below, subsymmetric, glabrous without, hairy within. Capsule 4 in, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., thin, suborbicular, ‘densely elastically hairy on the margin, areoles very large extended over all the seed but the margin. 40. S. trifidus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 185; nearly glabrous, leaves elliptic acuminate, heads globose solitary or in small cymes, bracts ovate or elliptic concave, bracteoles 0. S. tener, Wees 1. c. 184. S. coloratus, Nees L. e. 86, not of T. Anders. 8S. lupulinus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 228, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469, partly. Cryton, frequent; Gardner, &c. , Regarded by ‘T, Anderson as a glabrescent form of S. asperrimus, which it may be, but the capsule is unknown and the inflorescence much less compound. Leaves 8-10 in., base attenuated or rounded, drying black. Bracts membranous, the upper even in the young heads often coloured membranous. 41. S. lupulinus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 85, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 184; hairy, leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends, spikes in small dense cymes, bracts elliptic obtuse concave softly hairy, bractecles obsolete. S. Dalzellii, 7. Anders. ms. in Herb. Kew. Ruellia lupulina, Wall. Cat. 2355 a & ec. W. Deccan Peninsuza; Concan, Dalzell, Stocks; Ram Ghaut near Belgaum, Ritchie. CouRTALLUM; Wight. Branches stout, woody, hairy upwards. Leaves 6 by 2-3 in., denticulate, laxly villous on both surfaces or subsetulose above ; nerves 8 pair; petiole]3in. Peduncles axillary, very short; spikes 14 in., oblong, subumbellate or solitary; bracts g-1 in. Calyx 3-} in., divided nearly to the base; segments ligulate, obtuse, scarious, glabrous, tips bristly. Corolla §-1 in., glabrous without, hairy within, straight, subsymmetric; cylindric part as long as the suburceolate, lobes short. Filaments hairy dowuwards. Pistil glabrous or the style upwards microscopically hairy. Capsule scarcely } in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in., elliptic, elastically white hairy only on the very -margin.—The Bombay botanists took this species for a hairy-bracteate form of S. ‘ rugosus (Wight Ic. t. 1619). 42. S. Heyneanus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 85, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 184; leaves broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends hairy, spikes subglobose cymose, bracts elliptic ventricose glabrous, bracteoles 0, corolla Zin. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. £1. 187. 8. rugosus, Wight Ic. t. 1619. S. lupulinus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 469, partly. Ruellia brac- teata, Heyne in Herb. Rottler; Wall. Cat. 2357, type sheet only, not Gold- fussia bracteata, WVees. W. Deccan Peninsuxa from the Bombay Ghats to the Bababooduns and Nil- gherries; Heyne, Wight, Dalzell, &c. ; Stems never exceeding 18 in. high (Dalzell, Stocks), hirsute upwards. Leaves 6 by 28 in., closely serrate, tuberoular-hairy above, softly hairy beneath, drying green 444 cix. acantHace®. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. (not black) ; nerves 7 pair; petiole 2 in. Peduneles short or 0; spikes 1-1} in.; bracts 3 in., ventricose, membranous. .Calyr 3 in., divided nearly to the base; seg. ments ligulate, subobtuse, membranous, lineolate. Corolla glabrous without, hairy within, pale blue; contracted portion scarcely shorter than the ventricose ; limb equal, segments round. Filaments and style hairy. Capsule scarcely 3 in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds +, in., ovoid, glabrous except on the very margin. VaR. ? campanulata; leaves ovate subacute hairy, spikes subglobose solitary or few together, bracts elliptic ventricose glabrous, bracteoles 0, corolla scarcely 3 in. S. campanulata, Wight Jc. t. 1562. S. involucratus Var. 8, Nees in DC. Prodr, xi. 184. §S. lupulinus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469, partly. Ruellia lupu- lina, Wall. Cat. 2355 b, partly.—Coorg ; Wight.—Plant 5-10 in. Leaves 1-2 in., drying green. Heads 3-1 in. Corolla subcampanulate ; lobes very short. Capsule less than 3 in., seeds glabrous. Possibly an alpine var. of S. Heyneanus, but the corolla is a different shape, as well shown in Wight’s figure. The example of Wail. Cat. 2355 6 in his own Herb. is nearer S. Heyneanus, Nees, type ; that in Herb. Hook. agrees closely with Wight’s campanulatus. Var. ? fusca ; leaves broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends very sparsely hairy, heads globose nodding mostly solitary, bracts broadly elliptic ventricose glabrous, bracteoles 0. S.lupulinus, Benth. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 814; T. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soe, ix. 469 partly, not of N-es.—Mercara in Canara, Hohenacker. Branches 16 in., nearly glabrous. Leaves 5 by 2} in., somewhat black in drying, densely lineo- late on both surfaces, very minutely sparsely hairy. -Heads 1-1} by 3-1 in. ; bracts and calyx as of S. Heyneanus. Corolla not known. Var. viridis ; stem stout rough, leaves 1-3 in. very scabrous, heads small bracts (at flower-time) closely adpressed. S. asperrimus, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187, not of Nees.—Strobilanthes sp. n. 32, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. § T.—Mysore ; G. Thomson. —The specimens do not match those of S, dupulinus, but Col. Beddome after seeing them says it is that species. 43. S. ixiocephalus, Benth. in Flora 1849, p. 557; leaves lanceolate or elliptic acuminate slightly hairy, heads ovoid closely cymed, bracts ellip- tic acuminate to an obtuse apex viscous hairy. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or., t. 208. S. Neesianus, Wight Jc. t. 1523; Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 188. 8 eriocephalus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 466.—Strobilanthes sp. n. 64, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. 8. glutinosus, Grah. Cat. Pl. Bomb. 162 ?. W. Deccan PENINSULA and S. Mapras, alt. 1-3000 ft., frequent; Wight, Hohenacker, &c. A smali shrub, Leaves 5 by 2 in., or oftener smaller narrower, base cuneate (some- times very shortly), crenate, mature nearly glabrous, conspicuously lineolate above; nerves 7 pair; petiole $ in. Heads 3-1} in., bracts and calyx enlarged in fruit, usually very glutinous, sometimes softly hairy ; bract 3 by 3in.; bracteoles } in., linear-spathulate. Calyx 4-} in., divided nearly to the’ base; segments ligulate, fruiting spathulate, obtuse, membranous. Corolla 3-1 in., glabrate without, hairy within, subsymmetric, white; cylindric portion nearly as long as the ventricose. Filaments hairy towards the base. Pistil glabrous. Capsule } in., often 2-seeded. Seeds 3 in., thin, ovate, densely elastically hairy on all sides; areoles very small. 44. S. micranthus, Wight Ic.t.1519 ; leaves ovate acuminate sparsely thinly pubescent, heads solitary ovoid nodding, bracts broadly lanceolate pubescent, bracteoles longer corolla shorter than the calyx. 7 Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 468. NILGHERRY Mts.; Wight. Suffruticose or herbaceous (Wight), erect ; stems glabrous. Leaves 6 by 3} in., base broad, shortly decurrent, closely serrate ; nerves 11 pair; petiole1} in. Heads 14-23 in.; bracts 1 in., widest close to the base, thinly herbaceous; bracteoles § in, linear-lanceolate. Calyx 4-% in., divided nearly to the base ; segments linear-lanceo- late, very acute, pubescent. Corolla 4 in., subcampanulate, dry appearing dull red ; lobes very short, round. Filaments glabrous; anthers exserted. Pistil glabrous. Strobilanthes.| ox. acanTHacez, (C. B. Clarke.) 445 Capsule unknown.—This imperfectly known species may very possibly have its true position nearer to S. Heyneanus var. campanulata, 45. S. scrobiculatus, Dalz. ms.; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, spikes numerous subsessile along the naked branches, corolla 1 in. blue. BomBay Gaus; Dalzell; Mahabeleshwur, Ralph. Woody branches elongate, much divided, leafless, covered with flowers, tips leafy. Leaves 3 by 1 in., nearly entire ; nerves 7 pair; petiole 4 in. Spikes 1 in., subses- sile, viscous hairy; bracts } in., narrowly obovate, persistent in fruit; bracteoles din, sublinear. Calyx } in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear, hairy. Corolla symmetric, nearly glabrous, pale below, a beautiful blue upwards ; ventricose part rather narrow longer than the contracted; lobes ovate, crenulate. Stamens included, glabrous. Style with a few hairs. Cupsule 4 in., 4-seeded. Seeds 4, in., thin, ovate, densely covered with fine long hairs, elastic when wet, except the small areoles.—Appears to be the most beautiful species of the genus; it is allied to S. isiocephalus. 46. S. papillosus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 468; scabrous hispid, leaves ovate acute, heads ellipsoid, bracts elliptic elongate scabrous hispid, corolla 13-1 in. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or, t.201. S.scaber, Var. ? 8, Benth. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 1431. NILGHERRY Mrts.; alt. 7000 ft., Hohenacker, Baddome. Mysore; Lobb. A large shrub (Beddome) ; branches very harshly scabrous. Leaves 2% by 13 in., obtuse, base very shortly cuneate, callous-dentate, hispid with tubercle-based hairs above, setulose beneath ; nerves 6 pair; petiole 3 in. Heads 1}~-2 in., strictly capi- tate; peduncles thickened upwards, acutely 4-angled, very harshly scabrous; floral leaves 2 in., empty, overtopping the head ; bract very rigid; bracteoles 1 in., narrowly lanceolate, membranous, ciliate. Calyx divided nearly to the base; segments 1} in., linear-lanceolate, very acute, membranous, ash-coloured, ciliate. Coroléa subsym- metric, nearly glabrous, blueish ; cylindric part hardly so long as the ventricose ; lobes ovate. Stamens glabrous, included. Pisé¢i thinly hairy. Capsule unknown. —Allied to 8S. Perrottetianus according to Beddome, and it may turn out so to be: when the seeds are known. 47. S. exsertus, Clarke; leaves petioled ovate acute at both ends scabrid-pubescent, spikes densely capitate solitary terminal, bracts obovate as long as the calyx, corolla in., anthers exsert. Stenosiphonium zeylani- cum, Var. u, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 225, and in Jowrn. Linn. Soc. ix. 463. Cryton; Thwaites (C. P. 3577) ; Damboul, Beckett. A shrub, 1-2 ft., creeping, rooting ; branches suberect, quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves 12 by 3 in., crenate, rather harsh, lineolate on both surfaces, sparsely setose above, more softly beneath; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole 4 in. Heads sessile between 2 somewhat enveloping leaves ; quasi-peduncles 0-1} in., often thickened upwards; bracts 4 in., subobtuse, green, persistent, patently white-hairy. Calyx } in., divided about half-way down at flower-time, teeth lanceolate, hairy. Corollz curved, nearly glabrous without ; cylindric base 3 in., funnel-shaped part nearly as long; lobes ovate. Filaments glabrous except at the base, 2 longer distinctly exserted; anthers all subequal. Ovary glabrous, tip glandular, 4-ovulate; style glabrous, stigma simple. Capsule } in., oblong, glabrous, 4-seeded from near the base. Seeds 4 in. diam., much compressed, orbicular, densely elastically hairy, except on the conspicuous areoles.—Placed in Stenosiphonium by IT. Anderson, and regarded as a var. of Hemigraphis venosa. The inflorescence does uot do for Stenosiphonium, nor the leaves, and the ovules are never more than 4 to the ovary. . Var. B integra, T. Anders. 1. c.; leaves entire glabrous, corolia 1 in. ventricose, constricted cylindric base of the tube short.—Ceylon; Thwaites (C. P. n. 3661). 446 crx. acantHacus. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. The only scrap of this does not permit of dissection ; it can hardly be conspecific with S. exsertus, but may not be congeneric ; it closely resembles S. lanceolatus. 48. S. Gardnerianus, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 226; hairy, leaves sessile ovate, spikes ovoid or interrupted at base, bracts and brac- teoles longer than the calyx, corolla 1 in. purple, anthers included. Endo- pogon Gardnerianus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 723. Cryton ; Gardner, Thwaites. Shrubby, 1-2 ft.; stems terete, scabrous below, white-hirsute upwards, Leaves 2 by 14 in., acute or subobtuse, base rounded, subcrenate. Spikes capitate, § in., nearly enclosed by bracts, few-fld., or lower axillary flowers being added becoming interrupted, linear-oblong; bracts 2 in., ovate; bracteoles } in., linear-oblong. Calyx 3 in., slightly hairy. Corolia-tube linear-cylindric below, suddenly inflated upwards, as of Stenosiphonium. Capsule and seeds unknown: hence the place of this species is uncertain; some of the examples might, so far as the inflorescence is concerned, be placed next S, sexennis among the Series D. “ Paniculate.’’ {| Species of N. India and the Malay Peninsula. _ 49. S. scaber, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 84, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 177, partly; leaves elliptic or obovate acuminate scabrous or ultimately glabrate, spikes dense often clustered, bracts lanceolate large hairy, corolla 8-1 in. yellow very hairy within. Bot. Reg. xxvii. t. 32; T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 227, and in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 467, partly. Ruellia scabra, Wall. Cat. 2393, not Wall. Cat. 2377. R. aspera, Nees in DC. Prodr, xi. 147, as to the Bengal material, R. crispa, Herb. Linn. Propr. N. and E. Beneat Puarns; Silhet, Wallich; Purneah, J. D. H.; Maldah, Mymensingho, Dacca, &e., Clarke.—DistR1B. Burma. Stems 1-3 ft., pubescent or hairy upwards. Leaves 43 by 2 in., base narrowed, crenate, sometimes very coarsely scabrous-subhispid, sometimes nearly smooth but hard ; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes 1-2 in., hairy; bracts 1 by }in., ob- tusely acuminate, green; bracteoles 4 in., linear-oblong. Cadya 4-3 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear, pubescent. Corolla symmetric, glabrous; cylindric base nearly as long as the ventricose portion; lobes rounded. Stamens included; filaments hairy towards the base. Ovary glandular at the apex, always 4-ovulate ; style nearly glabrous. Capsule nearly } in., 4-seeded. Seeds 4, in. diam., discoid ; numerous fine hairs near the margin, elastic when wet; areoles very large, glabrous.— This is only S. seaber, Nees, in so far as that includes Ruellia scabra, Wall.; Nees’ description (purple flowers, &c.) is totally different. S. seaber only occurs in Ceylon as a cultivated plant, according to Thwaites and Beddome. 50. S. phyllostachyus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1871, pt. ii. 75; leaves elliptic or obovate acuminate scabrous, spikes dense often in close cymes, bracts large elliptic with a ligulate apex softly hairy, corolla #-1 in. yellow somewhat hairy within. S.crispus, /. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 467, not of Blume. aye Prev; Kurz. Movutmein; Parish. TEnasserim; Beddome. Herbaceous, 2-3 ft.; stems glabrate. Leaves 4-Qin.; petiole 2in, Spikes nearly as of S. seaber; bracts 1 in., ligulate tips often recurved; bracteoles 4-4 in., linear. Calyx 3-% in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear silky. Corolla nearly as of 8. scaber. Capsule } in., 4-seeded ; seeds 3-4 in., thin, ovate, with dense long elastic hairs on all sides except the small areoles.—So like S. scaber (except the seeds) that it is difficult to distinguish it. Van. dura; leaves smaller bracts narrowed upwards without ligulate tip—Stro- pilanthes sp. n. 14, Herb. Ind. Or, H. f. §& T.—Chittagong ; Seetakoond, H. f. & 7. Rangoon; M‘Lelland. T. Anderson refers’this to S. seaber (in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 467), which the bracts resemble; he subsequently saw it was different, and wrote it up Strobilanthes. | cIx, acantHaces®. (C. B, Clarke.) 447 as 8. durus, T. Anders. sp. nov.; from the imperfectly ripe seeds it is either a var. of 8. phyllostachyus, or a new species very closely allied to it. 51. S. fimbriatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 85, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 180, not of T. Anders. nor of Kurz; leaves oblong acuminate at both ends glabrous lineolate on both surfaces, heads ovoid 1-3 together sub- sessile, bracts obovate-oblong acuminate inciso-serrate rufous hairy. Ruellia fimbriata, Wall. Cat. 2368. Kagasta Mts.; Wallich. Shrubby ; branches glabrous. Leaves 4 by 1 in., denticulate; nerves 8 pair; petiole 3 in. Heads 4-1 in., closely capitate, mostly on very short axillary spurs ; bracts 2 in., shortly acuminate, the innermost lanceolate, the outermost often sub- truncate; bracteoles 4 in., linear. Corolla 14-1} in., glabrous without. Capsule 3-1 in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds} in., ovate, shaggy; areoles small.—Nees’ account of the bracteoles is erroneous ; and T. Anderson has taken for jimbriatus the remote S. macrostegius. ; 52. S. pectinatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 474; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends hairy, heads short-peduncled subsolitary ellipsoid, bracts large ovate truncate or pectinate, corolla 14-23 in. pale purple. 8. echinatus, Nees in Wall, Pl. As. Rar, ii. 85, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 181. Ruellia pectinata, Wall, Cat. 2356. Srxxim and Broray, alt, 6000-7500 ft., frequent; Griffith, &. Kasra and Jaintea Mts., alt. 4000 ft., frequent ; Wallich, &c. A spreading shrub, often 10 ft. Leaves 5 by 2} in., serrate, usually thinly hairy, villous or subtomentose beneath; nerves 9 pair; petiole $-lin. Heads1 in., hairy or hirsute; bracts $-1 in., concave, green ; bracteoles # in., linear, widened upwards. Calyx %-3 in., deeply divided; segments linear, glabrous, scarious. Corolla wide- funnel-shaped, nearly glabrous. Filaments and pistil sparsely puberulous.. Capsule 3-€in. Seeds 2 in., thin, ovate, mature shaggy with brown, somewhat deciduous, scarcely elastic hairs; areoles small.—From Nees’ quotation (in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.) it is clear that he adopted the name echinatus from misreading Wallich’s ticket. Var. Daltoni ; brown-villous, leaves tubercular subrugose above, bracts serrulate. —Darjeeling; J. D. H.—Possibly a distinct species, but the examples are in early bud, and very near S. pectinatus. 53. S. Simonsii, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 474; leaves broadly lanceolate acuminate softly shortly hairy, heads ellipsoid elongate hairy, bracts elliptic apex produced crenate, bracteoles linear acuminate at both ends softly hairy. Kurz For, Fl. ii. 244. Assam; Dewangiri Hills, Simons ; Namroop in the Patkoye Mts., Griffith (Herb. Propr. n. 249). Manrrapan and TenassEEIM, in the tropical forests, Kurz. A shrub; branches pubescent or viscous-hairy. Leaves 5} by 2 in., base cuneate, crenate, minutely lineolate above, more hairy (especially on the 7-8 pair of nerves) ; petiole in. Heads 14 by 3 im., on very short quasi-peduncles, often 2-3 together ; outer pair of bracts (of T. Anderson) leaf-like, sometimes like the true bracts; bract 1} in., softly shortly hairy; bracteoles 2, 3 in., more acuminate than in the allied species. Sepals nearly as the bracteoles. Corolla 2 in. (Anderson), glabrous. Capsule glabrous, 4-seeded (Anderson).—Anderson apparently had better material than exist now at Kew; he says “buds yellow fide Griffith;” but it is more probable that the flowers are purplish: he certainly erred in reading “ Kamroop” in Lower Assam (for Namroop).—It is not probable that a Patkoye Mt. plant should be common in the tropical Tenasserim forests: no example has been seen thence, but Kurz’s description coincides with the Patkoye plant. He describes the flowers as blue. 54. S. glabratus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 85, and in DC. ‘ 448 C1X, ACANTHACER. (C.B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. Prodr. xi. 183; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends mature glabrate, heads ovoid peduncled pubescent or glabrate, bracts ovate or elliptic narrowed upwards concave entire. JZ. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 474. Ruellia? glabrata, Wall. Cat. 2390.—Acanthacea, Griff. Ic. Pl. As. t. 425. Kaasia and Jarntea Mrs., alt. 3-4000 ft.; Wallich, Griffith, &c. A shrub, 3-4 ft., erect; branches pubescent, glabrate or with spreading fulvous hairs. Leaves 6 by 13 in., undulate, erenulate or nearly entire, raphides very obscure on either surface; nerves 7-9 pair; petiole scarcely } in. Peduncles 1-3 in., often subcymose, quadrangular, slightly thickened upwards, fulvous pubescent or glabrate ; heads 14 in., dense; bracts 1} in., coriaceous in fruit; bracteoles 3 in., sublinear, scarious. Sepals resembling the bracteoles. Corolla 1 in., subsymmetric, glabrous (blue, Nees). Capsule 3 in., broadly oblong, glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, shaggy with silky, dusky, subinelastic hair, exeept on the small areoles.—Wallich’s examples are subglabrous, but others are very pubescent.—In Griff. Notul. iv. 145, the plate cited t. 425 is named Phlogacanthus curviflorus: there is. some great blunder here, and the description is puzzling. 55. S. Maingayi, Clarke; leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends somewhat pubescent, heads subsessile ovoid nearly glabrous, bracts ovate or elliptic large concave often crenate upwards glabrous. Mazaya, probably Malacea or Penang; Maingay (Kew Distrib. n. 1182). A shrub, apparently allied to S. pectinatus, & glabratus; branches pubescent. Leaves 4 by 1 in., serrulate, puberous and inspersed with most minute raphides; nerves 8 pair, brown-pubescent beneath at least when young; petiole scarcely 2 in. Peduncles 0-4 in., rusty-pubescent; heads 1in.; bracts 3-1 in., outermost barren ovate, inner elliptic, usually with a few coarse crenations near the apex ; bracteoles 2-4 in., linear, glabrous. Sepals rather larger than, similar to, the bracts. Corolla 13 in. at least, glabrous.—No capsule nor expanded flowers seen. ‘There are specimens (unnamed) from Sumatra which may be conspecific with this, but they have hairy heads. 56. S. glomeratus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 475; leaves ovate acute serrate hairy, heads ovoid subsessile hairy, bracts elliptic elongate or oblong ‘entire or toothed, corolla 13-22 in. purplish glabrous. Ruellia glomerata, Wall. Cat. 2361. Goldfussia glomerata, Nees in Wail. Pl, As. Rar, iti. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 173; Bot. Mag. t. 3881; Maund Botanist, t. 155. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 1000-3500 ft., frequent; Waliich, &e. Britisa Burma, in the hills, Brandis, Parish. A shrub, 2-6 ft.; branches hairy upwards, often horizontal with complanate foliage. Leaves 4% by 23 in., base narrowed or rounded (often unequal), villous above, less so beneath; nerves 6 pair; petiole }-lin. Heads 1-1} in., often pseudo-axillary ; bracts 1 by 4 in,, herbaceous, softly hairy, outermost pair usually serrate subfoliaceous, inner entire; bracteoles }-3 in., linear-lanceolate. Calya 4-4 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear-oblong, in fruit nervose, membranous, subobtuse. Corolla subsymmetric ; cylindric nearly as long as the ventricose part. Filaments and pistil sparsely hairy. Capsule 3 in., broadly oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds 2 in., densely silkily subinelastically hairy ; areoles very small.—T. Anderson has placed this in his Gold- Sfussia section, which has “the spikes naked in flower-time and bracts early deciduous ;” but the outermost bracts, including the empty pair (floral leaves), are persistent when the capsule is dehiscent. 57. S. Brandisii, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 475; leaves elliptic acuminate each end thinly hairy, heads obovoid softly densely white-hairy, bracts linear-spathulate, corolla 13 in. nearly glabrous. Peau; Karen Hills, Kurz ; Tongoo, alt. 4000 ft., Brandis (fide T. Anderson), Strobilanthes.] crx. acanruacesz, (C. B, Clarke.) 449 Stems slender, shrubby, pubescent or softly shaggy. Leaves 4 by 2 in., crenate, lineolate and sparsely slenderly bristly above, paler more glabrate beneath ; nerves 6 pair; petiole in. Heads 3 in., numerous, on axillary and terminal peduncles ; bracts 3 in., very narrow, outermost pair often more or less leaf-like, persistent ; bracteoles 4 in., linear. Sepals } in. and upwards, linear, densely softly white-hairy. Corolla nearly straight and symmetric; cylindric part shorter than the ventricose, lobes ovate. Stamens glabrous (‘T. Anders.), Capsule 1 in., oblong, glabrous, with a tuft of hairs at the apex, 4-seeded, Seeds y, in., ovate, densely subinelastically silky ; areoles very small. 58. S. Falconeri, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 484; leaves ovate or elliptic acuminate hairy, heads small subsessile dense with long soft silvery bristles, bracts ovate hirsute herbaceous, corolla 2 in. straight slightly hairy without. S. Karensium, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 94, ex deser. Movutmein; Falconer. Trnassertm; Beddome. Stem tetragonous, ciliate with long, patent, weak, white hairs. Leaves 4 by 1} in., narrowed at both ends (upper ovate base obtuse), sparsely white-hairy on both sur- faces, not lineolate; nerves 6 pair; petiole in. Heads 2} in., surrounded by leaves; bracteoles 4 in., linear. Calyx deeply 5-partite; segments shorter than the brac- teoles, linear, hirsute. Corotla 1} in., curved near the mouth, a little hairy without, deep blue; stamens included. Capsule tomentose at the apex. Seeds large, ovate, hirsute.—The species seems allied to S. Brandisii, but is remarkable by the copious long soft white bristles upon the flower-heads, which extend in less numbers to the leaves and stem, ** Flowers strobilate. + Seeds glabrous. (Species of Ceylon and S. Deccan Peninsula.) 59. S. vestitus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 180; hirsute, leaves rhom- boid-elliptic acuminate, bracts ovate acuminate hirsute. Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 466; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 260. CryLon, alt. 5-7000 ft.; Walker, Thwaites. ‘Herbaceous (fide Beddome); branches stout. Leaves 54 by 23 in., narrowed ‘downwards, cuneate or shortly rounded on the petiole, serrulate, hirsute on both sur- faces; nerves 7 pair; petiole 14 in. Spikes 1-34 in.; bracts 3 in., somewhat squar- rose; bracteoles } in., oblong. Calyx }in. (infruit 3 in.), divided nearly to the base ; segments lanceolate, shaggy with white or tawny hairs, Corolla 1} in., subsymmetric, glabrous; cylindric base short, broad. Filaments and pistil glabrous. Capsule 4-2 in., 4-seeded. Seeds 3 in., thin, ovate, apiculate, glabrous; areoles very small, oblong. 60. S. Hookeri, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 185, excl. Var. B; leaves broadly lanceolate, base cuneate sparsely hairy or glabrate, bracts orbicular or ovate glabrous or slightly ciliate. J. Anders. in Thwaites Enwm. 227, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. t. 262. Czyton, alt. 7000 ft.; Gardner, Thwaites, &e, A shrub, 5-6 ft., branches nearly glabrous. Leaves 5} by 2 in., acuminate, serrulate, upper surface with scattered weak hairs above or mature glabrous; nerves 8 pair; petiole 1 in. Spikes 1-3 in.; bracts 1 in., entire or minutely toothed, obtuse or subacute, white; bracteoles 3 in., spathulate-oblong. Calyx % in., divided nearly to the base; segments lanceolate, often setulose, white. Corolla 1} in., campanulate, subsymmetric, glabrous, white with purple streaks; cylindric base; broad, very short. Stamens and pistil glabrous. . Capsule } in., frequently 2-seeded. Seeds 2 in, very thin, ovate, apiculate, glabrous ; areoles very small, oblong.—The colours are from a field-note of Col. Walker. ‘This is placed by T. Anderson in a section VOL. IV. Gg ‘ 450 crx. acantHaces. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. far removed from S. vestitus ; but it is so nearly allied that the specimens have been sometimes confounded by the best botanists. 61. S. calycinus, JT. Anders. in Thwaites Enum, 227, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends hairy on both surfaces, bracts spathulate cvate obtuse glabrous or hairy. -Bedd. Ic. Pi. Ind. Or. t.209. 8. coloratus, Nees in DO. Prodr. ix. 186, not of T. Anders. Crrton, alt. 5-7000 ft.; Gardner, &e. A shrub, 4-6 ft., stem glabrous below, more or less hairy upwards. Bracts spathu- late, often subpetioled, lower passing sometimes into leaves as shown in Beddome’s figure. Corolla varying from green toa lurid reddish yellow. Seeds 4 to the capsule, scarcely } in., obovate.—Otherwise as S. Hookeri, from which this species (which is Nees’ S. coloratus) differs at sight by being a little more hairy. The S. calycinus var. B of Nees is founded on a sheet of 3 fragments, whereof 2 are S. calycinus T. Anders., 1 is S. Hookeri. : ‘VaR. ? parvifolia; leaves 4-3 in. long, heads small 2-5-fld., corolla scarcely ee anthers subexserted, S. calycinus, Nees in DC. Prodr. ix. 469.—Ceylon; alker. : 62. S. laxus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 228, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469; leaves cordate ovate acuminate minutely scabrous-hairy or glabrate, bracts ovate or orbicular subentire glabrous or ciliate. Bedd. Ie. Pl. Ind. Or, t. 228. Cryton; Hantani, alt. 4000 ft., Thwaites. A shrub, 4-6 ft.; branches glabrate. eaves 6 by 3% in., crenate or toothed; nerves 6 pair; petiole 2in. Spikes 2-5 in., often in dense subsessile clusters on the old wood ; bracts 3-1 in.; bracteoles 4 in., linear-oblong. Sepals 4 in. (or more in fruit), lanceolate or broadly lanceolate, ciliate. Corolla 3-1 in., glabrous except hairy lines within, orange-red; ventricose portion short, about as long as the contracted portion ; lobes ovate, elongate, subacute, as described by T. Anderson, not well shown in Beddome’s figure. Stamens and pistil glabrous. Capsule } in., narrowly ellipsoid, 4-seeded. Seeds 3-1 in., thin, obovate or subquadrate, glabrous ; areoles obsolete.— Easily distinguished from the allied Ceylon species by the broad decisively-cordate base of the leaves. 63. S. Andersonii, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 222, and Ic. Pl. Ind, Or. t. 208; leaves rhomboid-elliptic or ovate acuminate loosely villous on both surfaces, bracts elliptic obtuse glabrous ciliate. J. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soc. ix. 469. 8. Deccan; Anamallay Mts., alt. 6000 ft., Beddome. A very large shrub up to 20 ft. (Beddome); branches hairy upwards. Leaves 7 by 4 in., rhomboid, base rounded or subcordate, crenulate; nerves 7 pair; petiole 13 in. Spikes 1-24 in., axillary, nodding; bracts 2 in.; bracteoles 2 in., linear- oblong. Sepals 3-3 in., linear-oblong, ciliate. Corolla 14 in., subcampanulate, contracted base very short, subsymmetric, glabrous except hairy lines within, pale- blueish. Stamens and pistil glabrous. Capsule not seen; but the species is doubt- less closely allied to S. calycinus, as Beddome says, and the leaves still more resemble 8S. vestitus. 64. S. luridus, Wight Ic. t. 1515-6; leaves ovate acuminate closely softly hairy on both surfaces, bracts large orbicular entire glabrous. 7. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 469, NincHERRY Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft.; Gardner, Wight, &e. ANAMALLAY Mrs. (fide Beddome’s list). Gregarious shrubs, 10-18 ft. high, often forming entire coppices, flowering every '' Strobilanthes.| orx. acanTHacea, (C. B. Clarke.) 451 - spring from the old wood, often from near the ground. Leaves 6 by 3 in., tapering at the base, crenulate; nerves 9 pair; petiole 1} in. Spikes 3-11 in., often clustered, pendulous; bracts 3 in., blackish-purple; bracteoles 3 in., ligulate, minutely scabrous. Calyx % in., divided nearly to the base; segments lanceolate, minutely scabrous. Corolia 1-1} in., glabrous except lines within, lurid purple, somewhat 2-lipped ; ven- tricose portion short, longer than the contracted portion; lobes ovate. Stamens and pistil glabrous. Capsule $ in., usually 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in., thin, obovate, obtuse, glabrous ; areoles obsolete. 65. S. bolamputtensis, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 200; leaves ovate acuminate glabrous except few scattered minute bristles, bracts large orbi- cular serrate softly hairy afterwards glabrate. 8. Deccan ; Bolamputty Hills near Coimbatore, alt. 6000 ft., Beddome. A shrub, 15 ft., flowering every year from the old wood; habit of S. luridus. Leaves 6 by 3 in., base attenuate, crenulate or toothed, lineolate, white-bristly sparsely on the surface above and on the 6-7 pair of nerves beneath; petiole 14 in. Spikes 2-4 in., very broad, from the old wood and also terminal; bracts 3-13 in. wide, obtuse; bracteoles 4 in., narrowly oblong. Sepals 2 in. (at least in fruit), broadly lanceolate, ciliate, somewhat white-bristly. Corolia 1 in., subcampanulate, glabrous, brown (Beddome); lobes short in Beddome’s picture, appear longer more as of S. luridus in his example. Stamens and pistil glabrous. Capsule 2 in., broadly oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., thin, subquadrate, glabrous ; areoles obsolete. tt Seeds hairy (where known). 66. S. callosus, Nees in Wail. Pl. As. Rar. iil. 85 chiefly, ani in DC. Prodr. xi. 185 chiefly; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends sparsely hairy above glabrate beneath, bracts ovate or elliptic concave obtuse glabrous, bracteoles 0, capsule 2-seeded. Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. FI. 188; ZT! Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 469. 8. Grahamianus, Wight Ie. t. 1520; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soe. ix. 469. Ruellia callosa, Wall. Cat. 2359.—Strobilanthes sp. nu. 69, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. : Bompay Guavrs and Cenrrat Inp1a; Grakam, Dalzell, &e. A shrub, 6 ft.; branches glabrate, often warted or scabrous-tubercled. Leaves 7 by 3 in., sometimes much larger, crenate, conspicuously lineolate above; nerves 8-16 pair; petiole 2in. Spikes 1-4 in., often densely or laxly cymose; bracts 4-1 in,, orbicular or elliptic. Calyx 3 in., in fruit often exceeding § in., lobed nearly to the base, segments oblong, obtuse, softly hairy. Corolla 1} in., subsymmetric, glabrous without, very hairy within, deep-blue (Dalzell); cylindric base as long as the ventri- cose portion. Filaments hairy downwards. Pistil glabrous. Capsule $ by 4 in. Seeds more than # in, long, thin, obovate acute, densely shaggy with white adpressed inelastic hairs, except on the large oblong areoles.—As Dalzell says his 8. callosus had the seeds “quite smooth,” it might be supposed that he considered the present plant S. Grahamianus, and called S. Dalzellii, T. Anders, his 8. callosus ; but a reference to his Herbarium and notes shows this was not so. He distinguished 9. Dalzellii as a species, but proposes no name for it; while he (most erroneously) notes on his own excellent fruiting specimen of 8. callosus that it differs from §. Grakamianus in having the seeds glabrous. mae et Var. hispida; bracts copiously white-hispid.— Dasgowa, in the Mahratta country, Hove, 67. S. zeylanicus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 227, and in Journ, Linn, Soc. ix. 470; glabrescent, leaves ovate shortly acuminate at both ends, bracts ovate often with a ligulate apex, bracteoles about as long as the calyx. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 224. §. callosus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 85, and.in DC. Prodr. xi. 185, the Ceylon material. : @g2 452 cix. acaNTHACER, (C.B. Clarke.) [Strobidlanthes, Crrton ; Walker; alt. 2000 ft., Thwaites. A shrub, 3-5 ft. - Leaves 7 by 34 in., crenate, lineolate on both surfaces; nerves 7 pair; petiole 1} in. Spikes quasi-peduncled, mostly solitary, sometimes 1 in. ovoid capitate, sometimes 2% in., distinctly densely strobiliform ; bracts 1 in., entire or denti- culate, the ligulate tip often squarrose sometimes closely reflexed in fruit, sometimes obsolete, Calyx } in., divided more than half-way down; segments lanceolate, slightly hairy. Corolla 1} in., narrow, hairy, white (T. Anderson); linear-cylindric base shorter than the long urn-shaped upper part; lobes short. Filaments hairy towards the base. Pistil glabrous. Capsule not seen.—Evidently different from the Bombay 8S. callosus, but may not belong to this part of the series. 68. S. asper, Wight Ic. t. 1518, not of Dene.; thinly softly hairy, leaves ovate shortly acuminate at both ends, spikes in close panicles or subfasciculate, bracts oblong or ovate, base narrowed. J. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 466. Mrs. of 8. Inpra, alt. 5-8000 ft..; Nilgherries, Anamallays, Bababooduns, Gardner, Wight, &. MazaBar Guats; Concan, Stocks. A shrub, 2-4 ft. Leaves 44 by 24 in., crenate; nerves 7 pair; petiole 1} in. Spikes in flower 1-1} in., oblong; in truit 2-3 in., with bracts and calyces enlarged ; thinly softly hairy, somewhat viscous; bracts 4-3 in., often reddish ; bracteoles 3 in., linear. Sepals } in., linear-lanceolate. Corolla 3 in. (or in Wight’s figure much larger), glabrous without, hairy within; linear-cylindric base about as long as the ventricose portion ; limb somewhat oblique, segmentsshort rounded. Filaments hairy towards the base. PistiZ glabrous. Capsule 4 in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds 4; in., orbicular, elastically hairy; areoles prominent, round, glabrous.—The form ot the bracts seems very variable; the typical Nilgherry plant has them broadly ovate; a Bababoodun example (reckoned by Wight distinct) has them linear-oblong; and there are a great number of intermediate forms, 69. S. sessilis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 85, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 177; leaves sessile ovate acute hairy, spikes cylindric exactly strobiliform, bracts large ovate acute hairy, bracteoles 0, corolla 14 in. pale purple. Bot. Mag. t.3902; Wight Ill. t. 164 b, fig. 4 (right-hand), and Ie. t.1511; ZT. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 467. NitaHerry Mrs., alt. 6-8000 ft.; Wight, &c., frequent. Wynaap and Tra- VANOORE ; Beddome. Stems 12-18 in., numerous, erect, little divided, from a woody perennial root, patently villous. eaves $-1} in., base rounded or subcordate, crenate, softly villous on both surfaces. Spikes 1-2 in., short-peduncled, quasi-axillary and terminal ; bracts 3 in., softly hairy. Sepals 4 in., lanceolate. Corolla nearly straight, subsym- metric, slightly hairy within and without; cylindric base nearly as long as the ventri- cose part; segments rounded. Filaments included ; longer shaggy, shorter glabrous with much smaller anthers. Ovary glabrous, gland-bearing near the tip ; style thinly hairy; ovules 4. Capsule not seen. VaR. sessiloides (Wight Ic. t. 1512); leaves larger bristle-hirsute rugose, spikes larger, bracts (especially the upper) corolloid glabrate upwards, corolla rather larger more hairy both within and without. S. sessiloides, Wight Ic. t. 1512, not of T. oe ; Wight.—A very trifling variety (or mere form, Beddome) of . sessilis. VaR. Ritchiei; bristly without any soft hairs, leaves nearly glabrous beneath except the bristly nerves, bracts acuminate long-bristly. S. sessiloides, Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 187; 7. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 467, not of Wight.—Malabar Ghats ; near Bombay, Dalzell; Purwhar Ghat, Ritchie; Tulkut (perhaps i.e. Talikote), Stocks.—Noted by Ritchie as flowering only once in 7 years, but the woody root with annual undivided stems seems the same as in S. sessilis, Stems densely hispid with very long stout white bristles or glabrate. Leaves scabrous-hispid lineolate above, much more glabrous than in 8. sessilis. Bracts and spikes with white or tawny bristles nearly } in. long, sometimes dense sometimes few scattered. Strobilanthes.| crx, acantuacrsz. (C. B. Clarke.) 453 70. S: Dupeni, Beddome ms.; leaves subcordate ovate acuminate bristly pubescent on both surfaces, spikes large oblong dense viscous slightly hairy, bracts 4-ranked large ovate obtuse adnate at base closely imbricate, capsule 4-seeded, seeds hairy. ANAMALLAY Mrs. ; top of Neliamputty Ghat, Beddome. Ashrub. Leaves 44 by 23 in., crenate, bristly above, chiefly on the 9 pair of nerves beneath ; raphides small, obscure; petiole1-2in. Spikes 2h by # in., appearing terminal on short axillary peduncles; bracts 3 by } in., coloured, nervose, very sticky; bracteoles small, lanceolate. Calyx 3 in., deeply 5-lobed ; linear green acumination of the segments longer than the short elliptic scarious base. Corolla large, blue. Capsule in., ellipsoid, sessile, glabrous. Seeds $ in. diam. ; areolw nearly half the diam. of the seed. “1. S. auriculatus, Mees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 69, 86, t. 295, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 191; leaves sessile auriculate oblong or ovate acumi- nate hairy, spikes linear oblong closely velvety, bracts obovate obtuse, bracteoles 0. 2. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 472; Bedd. Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 210. 8. amplectens, Wees in Wall. Cat. 7158, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 191. Ruellia auriculata, Wall Cat. 2341. CENTRAL Inpra, alt. 1-4000 ft., common; Behar; Jubbulpore to Chota Nagpore, J.D. H., Beddome, &.—DisTR1B. Ava. A shrub, 2-6 ft. ; branches many divaricate often zigzag, quadrangular, glabrous, tips more or less hairy. Leaves often very unequal, sometimes one 10 by 23 in. oblong, the other 3 by 14 ovate, sometimes subequal, serrulate, sparsely hairy above; nerves (in the longer leaves) 10-13 pair, minutely hairy beneath. Spikes 3} by } in., mostly terminal, solitary, quasi-peduncled ; bracts 3-3 in., broader than long, very obtuse, apex often recurved in fruit. Calyw divided nearly to the base; segments 3-2 in., unequal, linear, obtuse, closely velvety. Corolia 1 in., curved, very slightly hairy, pale purple; cylindric base miucb. shorter than the ventricose part ; limb somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens and pistil nearly glabrous. Capsule } in., glabrous, 4)-seeded. Seeds scarcely }; in., thin, orbicular, elastically white-hairy ; areoles very small. Var. Edgeworthiana; bracts with spreading white cilia 3} in. long, sepals long white-ciliate at the tips. S. Edgeworthiana, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 190.—Sub- tropical Himalaya, alt. 500-2000 ft., from the Siwaliks (Stewart) to Sikkim (Gamble), frequent in the dry Terai. Parasnath, Edgeworth. Tenasserim; alt. 2000 ft.; Beddome.—Distrib. Upper Burma. Var. plumulosa; leaves broadly elliptic, spikes short axillary subsessile densely white-ciliate. 8. plumulosus, Nees in Wall. Cat. 7157, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 86, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 191.—Mts. of Prome; Wallich.—Leaves 8 by 3} in., sub- équal, spathulate to the widened auriculate base. Spikes 1-14 in. : Var. bracteolata ; leaves sessile auriculate oblong acuminate hairy, spikes linear- oblong ciliate, bracts obovate, bracteoles 3 in. linear-spathulate——Khasia Mts., alt. 5000 ft.; Nunklow and Myrung, H. f. & 7.—Branches divaricate, hairy. Leaves unequal, the larger 43 by 3-1 in., serrate. Spikes 1-24 in., quasi-peduncled, mostly solitary ; bracts 3 in., less obtuse than those of S. auriculatus. 72. S. Maclellandi, Clarke; leaves large elliptic acuminate at both ends sparsely hairy, spikes linear, bracts obovate obtuse white hairy, brac- teoles 0. Raneoon; M‘Lelland. Branches stout, quadrangular, zigzag, hairy. Leaves 12 by 43 in., lower petioled, uppermost subsessile, none auricled; nerves 20 pair. Spikes 3 by } in., slender, white, hairy, pendent mostly 3 together from short axillary peduncles.—This has been supposed a form of S. awriculatus, but the large many-nerved leaves and slender pendent spikes give it a different aspect: the capsule is rather larger, the seeds nearly the same as in S. auriculatus. It would appear distinct enough but for the subjoined variety. 454 crx. acanTHACcER. (C. B, Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. Van. ? latipes; leaves sessile suddenly narrowed subauriculate, bracts narrowly obovate.—Tenasserim ; Beddome.—Leaves 13 by 43 in., primary nerves 20 on each. side the midrib. 73. S. Sabinianus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 86, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 190; leaves petioled broadly elliptic shortly acuminate at both ends nearly entire uppermost often sessile cordate, spikes linear pubescent often interrupted towards the base, bracts obovate obtuse, sepals oblong minutely pubescent. TZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 472. Ruellia Sabiniana, Wall. Cat. 2338; Bot. Reg. t. 1238; Reichb. Exot. t.210. R. argentea, Wall. Cat. 2339. : Nepat; Wallick, Kuasta Mrs., alt. 1-4000 ft., frequent; Wallick, &. A shrub, 2-5 ft.; branches glabrous. Leaves 6} by 3 in., undulate, subcrenate, lineolate, minutely setulose above, glabrate or obscurely pubescent beneath; upper leaves often unequal dissimilar, one of each pair smaller sessile cordate. Spikes 2-4in., quasi-peduncled, mostly solitary ; bracts } by 4 in.; bracteoles 4 in., oblong. Sepals scarious, minutely glandular-pilose, obscurely oblanceolate not spathulate. Corolla 1} in., curved, much ventricose nearly glabrous, lavender-coloured, contracted base short. Filaments glabrous. Capsule scarcely 3 in., pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds y,in., much compressed, orbicular; when wet the fine white hairs spring out abundantly ; areoles nearly half the diam. of the seed, glabrous. —The figures Bot. Mag. t. 3517. and Lodd. Bot. Mag. t. 1712, adduced for this species by Nees and T. Anderson, show the uppermost leaves petioled much acuminate at the base. Some examples of S. Sabinianus have the spike much interrupted, and the species might be placed in the next section. Wallich notes, in the Nepal example named 2. argentea, that the flowers were white. 74, S. tamburensis, Clarke ; leaves ovate shortly acuminate serrate, spikes linear interrupted towards the base ciliate subhirsute, bracts ovate, sepals spathulate ciliate. E, Nrpat; at the Tambur River, alt. 45000 ft., J. D. H. Capsule upwards of 4 in., 4-seeded. Seeds y', in., much compressed, orbicular in outline, covered all over with short inelastic hairs ; areoles 0. The general habit and corolla as of S. Sabinianus, but the serrate leaves, subhirsute spike, and seeds will not match. 75. S. nutans, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 475; leaves ovate or broadly elliptic acuminate serrate hairy, spikes ellipsoid or oblong very dense glabrous, bracts large elliptic concave. Ruellia strobilina, Wall. Cat. 2362. R. hirta, Don Prody. 119. Goldfussia nutans, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi, 174. NepaL; Wallich. A shrub, 1-2 ft.; branches hairy. Leaves 3 by 13 in., base attenuate or rounded, with scattered hairs on both surfaces, not lineolate ; nerves 7 pair; petiole }-1 in, Peduncles 4-1} in., divaricate or deflexed, hairy ; spikes 1-14 by 2 in.; bracts $ in., subacute; bracteoles 3 in., oblong. Calya 4-} in., divided nearly to the base, seg- ments linear glabrous. Corolla 1-14 in., curved; ventricose part longer than the contracted base. Capsude not seen ; and the place of the species is dubious; the spike resembles that of some of the strictly strobiliform Malabar species; Nees says, the bracts are deciduous, but they cannot be so till long after flower. 76. S. acrocephalus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 473; leaves ovate acute crenate hirsute, spikes peduncled solitary linear-cylindric dense posh lag aa seeds puberulous subglabrate. Adenosma affinis, Griff. otul. iv. 133. n Kuasra Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft., plentiful in the northern half, Grifith, H. f. & T', C. Strobilanthes.| cIX. acanTHacem. (C. B. Clarke.) 455 Shrubby, 1-2 ft., branching; stems hirsute. Leaves 2} by 1} in., base obtuse or rounded, densely minutely lineolate above; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole 3 in. Peduncles 1-4 in., hirsute; bracts 3-3 in., obtuse or scarcely acute, closely strobilate; brac- teoles } in., spatbulate-oblong, Calyx 4 in., divided % the way down; segments narrowly oblong, obtuse, hairy. Corolla 1 in., curved, glabrous without, purplish ; cylindric base scarcely so long as the ventricose- portion; limb somewhat 2-lipped. Stamens glabrous. Ovary hirsute at the apex, style sparsely hairy. Capsuie } in., hairy, 4-seeded. Seeds 4, in., orbicular, distinctly pubescent when young, mature subglabrous, the base of the short hairs only remaining ; areoles 0.—A species not very closely allied to any other in the genus, 77. S. imbricatus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii, 86, and Cat. 7156, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 186; leaves spathulate elliptic acute sparsely hairy on both surfaces, spikes cylindric strobiliform in axillary quasi-panicles, corolla very small, placentz rising elastically from the bottom of the de- hiscing capsule. YZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 473. S. pterocaulis, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 93. ' Prev and TrnassERIM; Helfer, M‘Lelland, Kurz.—DistTR1s. Ava, An annual herb fide Kurz, but the examples have all the appearance of the other perennial species ; stems stout, sharply quadrangular, hirsute or glabrate. Leaves attaining 124 by 5 in. (or the upper much smaller 2 by 1 in.), crenate or toothed, lineolate on the upper surface; nerves (in the larger leaves) 15 or more pair; petiole very short owing to the long-decurrent ieaf-base. Spikes 14 in., mostly 5-11 in lax hirsute axillary panicles; leaves at the trichotomous divisions scarcely 4 in.; bracts 4 in., obovate-oblong, hirsute towards the apex; bracteoles 3 in., linear-spathulate. Sepals 3 in., linear, obtuse, hirsute at the tips. Corolla 3 in., subcampanulate, violet ex Nees, yellow ex Kurz. Capsule } in., hairy at the tip, 4-seeded. Seeds }, in., orbicular, hairy ; areoles nearly half the diam. of the seed, glabrous.—The spikes in fruit are like those of Rungia. Wallich’s specimens from Ava have much smaller leaves than the Pegu examples. 78. S. longipes, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at each end sub- entire pubescent or glabrate, spikes oblong hairy or glandular-puberulous, bracts narrowly obovate obtuse or emarginate, calyx nearly equally sub-5- partite segments linear-spathulate obtuse, corolla 13 in. S. acuminatus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 478, chiefly (not Adenacanthus acumi- natus, Nees). TenassERIM ; Helfer (Herb. Propr. u. 304, Kew Distrib, n, 6114) ; Mooleyit, Beddome. Branches slender. Leaves 6 by 2% in., obscurely toothed, raphides conspicuous in the lower paler surfaces, embedded obscure in the upper; nerves 8 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes 1-24 in., clavate-oblong, continuous; bracts 4-3 in., lower deciduous in fruit ; bracteoles } in., linear-obovate. Calyx 4 in. and upwards ; segments distinctly wider at the tips. Corolla nearly straight, puberulous; ventricose portion nearly 1 in., linear portion 3 in. ; lobes rounded, subequal. Capsule 3 in., pubescent at the tip, 4-seeded. Seeds },in., ovoid, inelastically shaggy ; areoles subobsolete—Kurz has founded his S. subflaccidus on Helfer’s plant (Kew, n. 6114), but, as he says the calyx is 2-lipped with the upper lip three-lobed only 3 the way down, it is clear that his S. subftaccidus cannot be this plant ; there may have been some error in distribu- tion, or Kurz may have relied on T. Anderson’s reduction of this u. 6114 under Adenacanthus, Nees. 79. S subecapitatus, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate subentire glabrous, spikes ellipsoid or subovoid small laxly peduncled, bracts elliptic concave or obovate minutely ciliate-pubescent, Trnasserim ; Helfer (Kew Distrib. n. 6111). Shrubby; branches slender, quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves 4 by 1} in., base 456 crx. acanTHacEs, (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes, attenuate or obtuse, conspicuously lineolate above, obscurely so beneath; nerves 6 pair; petiole} in. Peduncles 2-4 in., slender, quadrangular, glabrous, numerous, axillary, often divided, sometimes bearing reduced caducous leaves; bracts } in., rounded at the tip, densely lineolate ; bracteoles 2 in., linear-obovate, densely lineo- late. Calyx } in., divided subequally nearly to the base; segments linear-spathulate, minutely ciliate. Corolla not seen. Capsule } in., pubescent at the tip, 4-seeded. Seeds }, in., ovate, densely shaggy; areoles small——Seems very nearly allied to 8. subflaccidus, Kurz; but the spikes are in general so much shortened that it might be looked for among the capitate series. As in S. subflaccidus, the fruiting spikes have the upper bracts, but some of the lower fallen. *&* Spikes elongate more or less interrupted, or flowers nearly all dis- tant but mostly opposite.—(Seeds in all hairy.) 80. S. Helferi, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soe. ix. 472; leaves ovate acuminate rounded or subcordate at the base nearly glabrous, spikes simple elongate lax subtomentose, flowers distant opposite, bracts broadly obovate obtuse, corolla 13-13 in. TENASSERIM, “ Three Pagodas,” Helfer (Kew Distrib. n. 6117). Branches divaricate, somewhat zigzag, terete, pubescent upwards. Leaves 34 by 14 in., crenate, puberulous and lineolate above, subpubescent on the 7 pair of nerves beneath; petiole 1 in. Spikes axillary, short-peduncled, solitary, opposite, 2-5 in.; flowers nearly all paired and distant ; bract 1 to each flower, } in., densely minutely fuscous-pubescent, ciliate, apex 4 in. broad green patent or reflexed ; bracteoles 0. Calyx 4 in., equally sub-5-partite; segments linear-ligulate, pubescent, subobtuse. Corolla nearly glabrous, straight ; cylindric base twice as long as the calyx. Capsule din. Seeds 4, in., orbicular, dusky pubescent ; areoles small—T. Anderson errs in saying “ corolla small ;” the buds, which appear on the point of expansion, are scarcely }in. long; but there is one fully expanded flower overlooked by T. Anderson, which is (dry) nearly 1} in. 81. S. macrostegius, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate subentire nearly glabrous, spikes axillary sessile lax scarcely interrupted, bracts obovate suddenly linear-acuminate, capsule and seeds large. S. fimbriatus, TL. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 470 partly, not of Nees. Endopogon macrostegius, ees in DC. Prodr. xi. 470. Assam and Kuasia Mrs.; Griffith, Cuitracone; Kasalong, Clarke. A straggling, inelegant shrub, 2-5 ft.; branches terete, pubescent upwards or nearly glabrous. Leaves 6 by 24 in., base cuneate, lineolate above, obscurely so beneath, minutely pubescent on the 9 pair of nerves beneath; petiole 13 in. Spikes 2-5 in., with 6-8 flowers in opposite pairs; bracts 3-1 in., including the linear acumen § in. long, pubescent, or in Griffith’s examples subglabrous ; bracteoles 3 in., linear-oblanceolate cuspidate, fulvous-pubescent upwards. Sepads in fruit similar to the bracteoles. Corolla not seen. Ovary glabrous, a dense fulvous tuft of hairs at the apex. Capsule 1 in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, shaggy; areoles obso- lete.—Probably S. fimbriatus, Kurz (For. Fl. ii. 244), from the forests of the Pegu Yomah and Tenasserim, the bracts of which Kurz says are entire, so that it could not have been Nees’ 8. fimbriatus. 82. S. polythrix, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 470; leaves elliptic acuminate rufous-ciliate, spikes axillary subsessile continuous very rufous-ciliate, bracts 1-14 in. linear-lanceolate. Kaasia Mrs. ; Herb. Kew and Herb. Cale. A shrub; branches terete, with patent long rufous hairs. Leaves 64 by 2} in., base attenuate or subobtuse, remotely serrate, mature with few scattered long rufous hairs ; nerves 9 pair; petiole lin. Spikes 2-4 in., rufous hairs 4 in. long, slender, patent ; bracteoles 3 in., linear, green, rufous-ciliate. Calyx in fruit nearly 1 in., Strobilanthes.| cx. acantHacra. (C. B. Clarke.) 457 divided nearly to the base; segments linear-lanceolate, scarious below, rufous-ciliate upwards, Corolla not seen. Capsule 2 in., linear-oblong, glabrous, tip minutely rufous-hairy, 4-seeded. Seeds | in., ovate, silky ; areoles hardly any. : 83. S. Brunonianus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 87, and in DC Prodr. xi. 188; leaves lanceolate attenuate at both ends nearly glabrous, spikes subpaniculate linear, bracts oblong, sepals linear oblong fulvous hirsute, corolla Zin. TZ. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 472. S. petio- ae Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 189, partly. Rwuellia Brunoniana, Wall. Cat. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft., common, Wallich, &c.; lower hills of Assam, JAINTEA, and Na@as country. : An erect, dense, annually-flowering shrub, 2-3 ft. Zeaves 4 by } in. subentire in Wallich’s, often broader, sometimes 2 by % in. crenate nearly to the base, base always gradually attenuated; nerves 8 pair, often obscure; petiole 4 in., often narrowly winged. Spikes 1-4 in., usually very numerous, dense but often interrupted towards the base, erect; bracts 3-} in., spathulate-oblong, obtuse, apex recurved or the lowest ovate narrowed upwards, subglabrous in Wallich’s specimens, often fulvous-hirsute ; bracteoles 4 in., oblong, erect. Sepals 4 in. Corolla curved, pubescent without in the bud, lavender or white, cylindric base shorter than the much-ventricose upper part. Stamens glabrous, more monadelphous than usual. Capsule 4 in., oblong, pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds 1, in., orbicular, pubescent ; areoles 0.—S. petiolaris, Nees, is founded on two plants collected by Griffith, one in Khasia, one in Assam, which are both preserved at Kew, authenticated in Nees’ hand; of these the Khasia one is identically S. Brunonianus, Nees, the other is taken as S. petiolaris below. 84. S. maculatus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 190; leaves ovate (upper elliptic) acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, spikes erect linear sub- interrupted at the base compound hairy, bracts oblong or cuneate-oblong, corolla scarcely 2 in. ventricose. Ruellia maculata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 33, t. 250. Kaasra Mrs., alt. 1-3000 ft., frequent, Clarke. Shrub, 2-4 ft., lax. Leaves 5 by 24-3} in. (upper 5 by 13-2 in.), serrate, mature glabrous or obscurely scabrid-puberu!ous on the nerves beneath, densely lineolate on the upper surface, often beautifully blotched with white when fresh, and as often uniformly green ; nerves 10-11 pair; petiole 1-1} in. Spikes 1-3 in., forming lateral and terminal cymes or panicles, the uppermost leaves being small, caducous; bracts 4 by 7, in., linear-oblong (in the most characteristic form), but vary to cuneate-oblong bracteoles 1 in., linear-oblong. Calya 4-1 in., sub-5-partite ; segments linear-oblong, unequal, subobtuse, hairy. Corolla slightly curved, nearly glabrous, pale blue or lavender, cylindric base nearly as long as the greatly ventricose upper portion; limb subequal, segments short round reflexed. Stamens glabrous, monadelphous, exactly as in §. Brunonianus. Capsule 4 in., oblong, pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds j,-}, in. diam., orbicular, shaggy with long hairs; areoles rather small.—This was sent to Wallich from Silhet ; it is common along the lewer Khasia range 20 miles N. of Silhet. Wal- lich’s picture, from a cultivated plant, shows the flowers larger than in any of the wild specimens seen ; his statement that the species differs essentially from S. mona- delphus by having the “ filaments free at base” is altogether misleading; Nees perhaps went entirely on the somewhat coarse picture in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ‘ 85. S. monadelphus, Wees in Wall. Cat. 7159, and in Wail. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 87, and in DO. Prodr. xi. 188; leaves ovate acuminate at both ends pubescent; on the nerves beneath, spikes erect linear panicle very hairy, bracts ovate often squarrose, corolla scarcely $ in. ventricose. Kuasra and Jainrea Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft., frequent; Wallich, &e. A rather rigid shrub, 2-3 ft.; branches often scabrous, hairy, quadrangular. Leaves 34 by 2 in., serrate, mature usually more or less hairy on both surfaces, not known to 458 crix. acanTHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. occur blotched; nerves 9-11 pair. Inflorescence and flowers as of S. maculatus, but the bracts usually 4-} in. wide towards their base. Seeds 7; in. diam., pubescent.— Certainly closely allied to S. maculatus, and may be a high-level hairy form of it, as T. Anderson supposed ; bui besides the difference in the bracts fixed on by Nees the seeds are about double the diam., much more shortly dusky hairy. 86. S. petiolaris, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 189, in part; leaves ovate acuminate at both ends mature nearly glabrous, spikes linear panicled hairy, bracts obovate-spathulate, corolla 1} in. ventricose. S. maculatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 473, chiefly. Srxxim and Buoray, alt. 3-10,000 ft., common; Griffith, T. Anderson, &e. Assam ; Griffith. A lax shrub, perhaps not specifically distinct from S. maculatus ; the leaves are often spotted as on it, the small seeds are similar; but the bracts are much broader (as Nees states), and the corolla is much larger, usually purplish or even rose instead of lavender blue ; nerves 7 pair, i.e. much more distant than in S. maculatus & mona- delphus. The species reaches a very high level, the Alpine specimens being smaller with smaller leaves but equally large flowers. Var. tubiflos; spikes divaricate densely glandular-hairy, corolla (anexpanded) more than 1 in. the ventricose portion scarcely 2 in. diam.—Mishmee ; Dailoo, Griffith (Kew Distrib. nn. 6095, 6103).—* Corolla deep blue ; bracts lead-coloured” (Griffith’s field-note).—This is very possibly a distinct species, though it must be closely allied to S. petiolaris ; but it is very dangerous to assume the shape of the corolla from buds in this genus. 87. S. perfoliatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 471; leaves sessile lanceolate or eliptic much acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes axillary cymose lax subcontinuous very viscid ciliate, bracts oblong linear- acuminate, capsule clavate 2-seeded. Endopogon integrifolius, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 342; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 185. Leptacanthus alatus, Wight Ic. t. 1527. W. Deccan Prninsvuxa ; Concan, Canara, Coorg, Law, Dalzell, &e. Shrubby, nearly glabrous except the spikes. eaves attaining 15 by 44 in., more often 6 by 1}-23 in., very variable in size and in width, sparingly toothed, lineolate above; nerves 6-12 pair; petiole winged to the base, there dilated, auriculate, sometimes subdecurrent, never perfoliate. Spikes 2-5 in., closely cymed (or solitary) on very short axillary peduncles, very open, hardly interrupted even at the base in fruit; bracts 3 by 3 in.; bracteoles fin., linear. Calya 1-1 in. (elongate in fruit), divided nearly to the base, segments linear. Corolla 12 in., straight, glabrous without, hairy within; cylindric base of the tube nearly as long as the rentricose part. Stamens included ; longer filaments glabrous. Ovary glabrous, style thinly hairy. Capsule 5-3 in., compressed. Seeds 2 in., ovate, shaggy ; areoles hardly apy. 88. S. glutinosus, Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. iii. 86, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 194; viscous hairy, leaves ovate acute, spikes short, lowest bracts leaf-like upper obovate or oblong shorter than the calyx, corolla 2 in. 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 476. Ruellia glutinosa, Wall. Cat. 2350. R. Jacquemontiana, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 145. Kasumiz, GurwHat, Kumaon and Nepat; Wallich, Jacquemont, &c. A shrub, 2-5 ft.; branches villous. Leaves 3 by 1) in., base cuneate or rounded, crenate, villous on both surfaces ; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole 3-3 in. Spikes densely capitate, or more often the lowest flowers are remote, solitary, opposite in the axils of bract-like leaves ; bract 11 in., ovate, subfoliaceous, persistent ; bracteoles tin., oblong. Calyx §-4 in., divided nearly to the base ; segments linear, obtuse, viscous hairy. Corolla nearly glabrous ; linear-cylindric base nearly as long as the ventricose part. Stamens glabrous. Capsule % in., viscous-pubescent, 4-seeded. Strobilanthes.| orx. acanTHacEz. (C. B. Clarke.) 459 Seeds 3-4 in., ovate, shaggy ; areoles hardly any.—In spite of the enormous differ- ences in the capsule and seeds, this plant has been much mixed with Achmanthera tomentosa. Series B. Nudate. Bracts caducous, often before the flowers expand, Flowers clustered or in distant mostly opposite pairs; not most of them scattered alternate. Seeds in all hairy.—(All, except S. Newit from N. India or Malay Peninsula.) * Heads even in fruit capitate or ovate, not interrupted below. 89. S. geniculatus, Clarke; nearly glabrous, leaves elliptic acumi- nate serrate, heads 2-3-fld., bracts large ovate acuminate caducous, brac- teoles 0. S. gracilis, 7. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 474, not of Bed- . dome. MisuMEE; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6116). Asmall shrub; branches slender, somewhat zigzag. Leaves 5 by 1§ in., base cuneate or rhomboid, serrulate, upper surface dense with raphides ; nerves 6—7 pair ; petiole 3 in. Peduncles 1-3 in., with a node carrying two reduced caducous leaves at the middle, there geniculate and sometimes divided; heads 3 in., 2-4 outer bract-like leaves barren, early caducous; bract 3 by 4 in., lineolate. Caly# 4-}in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear, unequal, obtuse, glandular. Corolla 1} in., glabrous, purple. Capsule 3 in., clavate, 4-seeded, glandular-pubescent, Seeds jj, in., ovate, shaggy ; areoles small.—Each flower is subtended by one bract, and there are 2-4 outer empty similar bracts ; before the expansion of the corolla all the bracts but 1 or 2 of the uppermost fall, and these disappear before fruit. _ ‘Var. integra ; leaves nearly entire, sepals in fruit nearly 4 in. hairy.—Khasia Mts.; Clarke. Leaves 5 by 23 in., subovate ; petiole $-3 in. Seeds} in. and up- wards.—Probably merely the fully-developed state of S. geniculatus, which Griffith collected in a colder country. 90. S. capitatus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 475; leaves ovate acuminate at each end nearly glabrous, bracts elliptic-oblong herba-~ ceous pubescent as long as the calyx, bracteoles half as long as the calyx, corolla 18-2 in. deep blue. Ruellia capitata, Wall. Cat. 2351, partly; Don Prodr.120. Goldfussia capitata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 173. G. biceps, Nees in Wall. Cat. 7161, and in Wall, Pl. As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 172.—Acanthacea sp. Griff. Itin, Notes, 116, n, 213. SustroprcaL Hrmazaya,, alt. 1-5000 ft., from NePa® to Baoran, common ; eae Griffith, H. f. & T., &c. Pzau; Karen Hills (fide T. Anderson),—Dis?R1B. va. A shrub, 1-8 ft. Leaves 6 by 23 in., serrate, obscurely lineolate above, minutely hairy on the nerves beneath; nerves 6—7 pair; petiole 14 in. Peduncles usually short, 3~1 in., sometimes 2-4 in., glabrous or pubescent. Heads 1 in. diam., closely capitate even in fruit, many-fid., outer empty bracts sometimes long leaf-like, some- times hardly half so long as the heads, caducous; bracts proper to each flower elon- gate upwards, closely adpressedly softly white pubescent; bracteoles 34 in., ligulate, herbaceous, pubescent, caducous in fruit. Calyx 3 in., deeply divided but connate into a hardened short tube at the base; segments narrowly lanceolate, softly hairy even in fruit. Corolla curved, tubular-ventricose, nearly glabrous. Stamens glabrous. Ovary glandular ; style thinly patently hairy. Capsule 4 in., slightly clavate, pubes- cent, 4-seeded. Seeds 3-2 in., ovate, shaggy; areoles small. Van. nitida ; heads larger shining glabrate in fruit, bracteoles nearly as long as the calyx obovate-oblong glabrous fimbriate in fruit.—Khasia Mts. ; Mousto, alt. 2500 ft., Clarke.—Bracts and bracteoles shining scarious in fruit from a short green base. Seeds 1 in,, densely silky. 460 crx, acantuacem, (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. 91. S. quadrangularis, Clarke; leaves large subsessile broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends serrate minutely hairy, heads ovoid pedun- cled, bracts large ovate acute grey pubescent caducous, corolla 1} in. pubes- cent without. Ruellia quadrangularis, Wall. Cat. 2358. R. bracteata, Wall. Cat. 2357 b only. Goldfussia bracteata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 173. Nepat; Wallich. Kumaon ; Mohargari, alt. 6500 ft., and Kalamundi, alt. 8500 ft., Strachey & Winterbottom. Stem 2 ft., herbaceous, acutely quadrangular, somewhat pubescent upwards, Leaves 8 by 33 in., shortly scabrous-setulose above, remotely minutely hairy beneath ; nerves 13 pair. Peduncles 1-4 in., 1-2 in each axil or the uppermost-subumbellate, hairy, clavate, quadrangular upwards, 1-headed ; heads in flower 14 in.; bracts 3-1 in, deciduous before the flowers expand; bracteoles 0. Calyx 4 in., distinctly gamo- sepalous, subequally 5-fid; segments linear-oblong, green, very viscidly golden-pubes- cent. Corolla in shape nearly as of S. Dalhousianus. Capsule not seen. 92. S. pentstemonoides, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 477, in part; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, bracts orbicular con- cave whitened glabrous, bracteoles 0, calyx pubescent, corolla 14 in. nearly glabrous pale purple. Ruellia pentstemonoides, Wall. Cat. 2840. R. Cephalotes, Wall. Cat. 2352. BR. capitata, Wall. Cat. 2351, partly. Gold- fussia pentstemonoides, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi.175; Wight Ic. t. 1510. SustTRoPicaL Hrmazaya, alt. 1-6000 ft., from Nepan to Buoran, frequent; Wallich, H. f. & T., &e. A much branched shrub, 3-8 ft. diam.; stems glabrous. Leaves 64 by 2% in, closely serrate, liueolate on both surfaces; nerves 7 pair; petiole 4 in. Peduneles 1-3 in., sometimes glandular-hairy, 1-2 together, mostly 1-3-headed ; heads }~1 in., young exactly globular, outer bracts enclosing the heads; but in some of Wallich’s examples the young heads are oblong-cylindric, strobiliform ; bracts 4-3 in., obtuse, early caducous. Calyx } in., in fruit often 4 in., divided nearly to the base, segments linear. Corolla more or less curved ; narrow part of the tube sometimes minutely pubescent. Stamens glabrous. Capsule % in., oblong-clavate, glandular-pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, silky ; areoles very small. VaR. flexuosa ; small, branches short flexuose rooting, peduncles long with 1 small head. Ruellia flexuosa, Wall. Cat, 2412. Goldfussia flexuosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Zar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 175.—“ India,” Herb. Wight. Branches 1-1} foot, apparently prostrate. Leaves 23 by 3 in., thinly herbaceous; nerves 5 pair.—The example in Herb. Wight looks very unlike the Himalayan S. pentstemonoides; and, though taken up.as a species by Nees, T. Anderson seems to have been so dissatisfied about it that he has left it out altogether. But there is a piece of the same thing mixed in Wallich’s herbarium with Ruellia Cephalotes (Wall. Cat. 2352, type sheet) ; and it is probably an alpine starved (or cultivated ?) form of S. pentstemonoides. 93. S. Dalhousianus, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends hairy, bracts orbicular concave whitened glabrous, bracteoles 0, calyx glabrate or nae oe hairy, corolla nearly Yin, glabrous purple. S. pent- stemonoides, 7. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 477, partly. Goldfussia Dalhousiana, Mees in DC. Prodr. xi. 174; Wight Ic. t. 1509. W. Temperate Himaraya, alt. 6-8000ft.; from Kashmir to Kumaon, frequent ; Lady Dalhousie, Thomson, &c. A suberect shrub, 2-3 ft.; stems hairy. Bracts scarcely } in., caducous; outer- most oblong, green upwards, small, not enclosing the heads. Calyx in the typical form glabrous, subscarious, lobes linear-oblong, sometimes minutely softly hairy— United with 8, pentstemonoides by T. Anders., from which it differs in habit, in having much more hairy leaves and less hairy calyx. It also grows at a different level. Strobilanthes.] c1x. acanrHaces. (C. B, Clarke.) 461 94. S. multidens, Clarke; leaves ovate shortly acuminate at both ends minutely sparsely hairy on both surfaces, heads panicled viscous hairy, bracts small obovate viscous hairy deciduous, calyx viscous-pubescent, corolla 13 in. purple. es alt. 3-6000 ft.; J. D. H, &. Buoran; Grifith, Herb. Propr. n. 2398. Leaves 7% by 4 in., closely regularly serrate (often with more than 100 teeth to the leaf; both surfaces with few remote minute hairs and small scattered raphides. Bracts 4 in., very viscous-hairy; bracteoles 4 in., linear-oblong. Capsule 3 in., viscous-pubescent, 4nseeded. Seeds } in., subquadrate, fulvous-hairy ; areoles sub- obsolete.—This is the so.called Sikkim S. Dalhousianus ; it is nearer the true S. pent- stemonoides, but the young heads are never glabrous globose as in that, and the panicle is compound very glandular-hairy. The corollas in Griffith’s Bhotan example are not more than 1} in., but are not thoroughly expanded. 95. S. rhombifolius, Clarke; leaves subsessile rhomboid-ovate shortly acute at both ends glabrous, bracts small elliptic concave caducous, bracteoles 0, corolla 3-13 in. nearly glabrous. Goldfussia sessilis, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 172, not Strobilanthes sessilis, Nees. Assam; Jenkins, Branches long, subterete, glabrous. Leaves (often unequal) 34 by 2 in., remotely serrulate, lineolate on both surfaces ; nerves 5 pair. Peduncles 1-3 in., 1-3-headed ; heads } in. diam., closely capitate; all the bracts early caducous. Calys in flower 3-4 in., divided nearly to the base ; segments narrowly lanceolate, fuscous pubescent. Corolla nearly as of S. pentstemonoides, purple-mouthed. Filaments glabrous, longer hairy near the base. Capsule not seen.—This seems very near S, pentste- monoides, differing little but in the shape of the leaves; the heads however, by the time the first flowers expand, have lost all their bracts, which gives them a very different look. 96. S. oligocephalus, 7. Anders. ms. in Herb. Kew; leaves elliptic caudate-acuminate nearly glabrous ciliate, young heads globose, bracts round concave glabrous, bracteoles 0, calyx hairy, corolla 17-in. pubescent without dark-purple.—Goldfussia sp, n. 24, Herb. Ind. Or, H. f. & T. Urrer SIxx1mM, alt. 5~7000 ft.; Yoksun, J. D. H., &e. A small shrub, 1-2 ft.; branches slender, terete, glabrous. Leaves. attaining 64 by 3 in. (usually smaller much narrower), base cuneate, minutely remotely denticulate, sparingly thinly lineolate, sparsely puberulous especially toward the margins beneath 5. nerves 5-6 pair; petiole in. Bracts as in S. pentstemonoides, but rather smaller. Corolla viscous-pubescent without, usually nearly black.—When dried hardly eee from §. pentstemonoides but by the smaller heads and the ciliate leaves, Var.? Zreutleri ; heads slightly elongate, bracts ovate-lanceolate herbaceous hairy, bracteoles 2 in. linear, sepals 3-# in.—Sikkim, alt. 9-10,000 ft., frequent on Tonglo and Sundukphoo, Treutler, &c. 97, S. dasyspermus, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 94; leaves elliptic or ovate acuminate very sparsely minutely hairy, heads even in fruit capitate forming (by the falling ‘of the floral leaves) quasi-panicles, bracts small oblong caducous, corolla 1 in. blue glabrous without. Prev; Kurz. An erect, nearly glabrous herb, 3-4 ft. (Kurz); branches obscurely quadrangular, Leaves 54 by 2% in., base suddenly shortly acuminate (the uppermost and reduced floral leaves sessile cordate), crenate-serrate, subglabrous, minutely lineolate above ; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole 0-4 in. Heads few-fid., glandular-hairy ; peduncles 3-3 in. ; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles 3 in., obovate-oblong, caducous, Calyx 3-3 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear-ligulate. Corolla nearly straight ; cylindric base 462 cix. acanTHacEx. (C.B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. about as long as the moderately-widened ventricose part ; segments ovate. Filaments and style sparsely hairy. Capsule } in., narrowly elliptic, pubescent upwards, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, silky ; areoles hardly any.—Kurz rightly refers this to the neigh- bourhood of S. pentstemonoides. 98. S. discolor, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix.477; leaves elliptic cuspidate-acuminate glabrous, beads cymose running into compound panicles, bracts jfugacious, calyx hairy, corolla 1} in. nearly glabrous. Goldfussia discolor, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 172 (excl. West Himalayan examples). _ . : Botan, Assam, and Kuasia Mrs.; Griffith (Herb. Propr. nn. 2399, 2400; Kew Distrib. nn. 6105, 6120). A shrub, closely resembling S. pentstemonoides and 8. sessilis; differing from the former in having the leaves more shortly petioled, less sharply toothed, the inflores- cence more compound ; from the latter in the leaves cuspidate acuminate. In the type examples of Nees the leaves are scarcely whitened beneath. Bracés not seen, oblong-lanceolate, fide Nees. Var. nudicalyx; leaves densely lineolate above coriaceous very white beneath, bracts } in. obovate, sepals glabrate lineolate. Goldfussia sp. n. 25, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T.—Khasia, alt. 4000 ft.; Mausmai Falls, Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6120); Cherra, H. f. & T.—The type examples of this collected by J. D. H. look like a very distinct species ; but some of the pieces of Griffith have the sepals glandular hairy. 99. S. isophyllus, 7. Anders. in Cat. Hort. Calcutt. 48, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 478; leaves linear-lanceolate attenuate at both ends glabrous, heads numerous small cymed, bracts elliptic obtuse green shorter than the calyx, bracteoles nearly as long as the bracts, corolla 1 in. nearly glabrous Javender. Goldfussia isophylla, Nees in Wall. Cat. 7162, and in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi.176; Bot. Mag. t. 4363; Maund Bot. t. 244, Strobilanthes Goldfussia, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. FI. Suppl. 71, excl, syn. Kaasta Mrs, or adjoining parts of Silhet or Assam. All the examples are of cultivated plants, A nearly glabrous, erect, very ramous shrub, 1-2 ft. Leaves 3 by 4-4 in., oppo- site, subequal, entire or slightly serrulate, covered with raphides on both surfaces; nerves 4-5 pair; petiole 0-3 in. Heads } in. diam., 14-fid., terminal but appearing axillary cymed, the reduced leaves on the short axillary branches being caducous ; bracteal leaves to the heads caducous; bract } in., green, nearly glabrous, subper- sistent ; bracteoles } in., linear-oblong, green, nearly glabrous. Calyx } in., divided nearly to the base, pubescent; segments sublinear. Corolla curved; cylindric base much shorter than the ventricose portion, lobes short round. Stamens and style hairy. Capsule nearly 3 in., glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds 4, in., ovate, silky; areoles hardly any. 100. S. anisophyllus, 7. Anders. in Cat. Hort, Calcutt. 48, and in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 478 ; leaves very unequal or pseudo-alternate lanceolate acuminate at both ends glabrous, heads small often cymed, bracts elliptic obtuse green about as long as the calyx, bracteoles rather shorter than the bracts, corolla 13 in. nearly glabrous lavender. Ruellia anisophylla, Wall. Cat. 2349; Hook. Fl. Erot.t.191. R. persicifolia, Griff. Itin. Notes, 70; Bot. Reg. t.955. _Goldfussia anisophylla, Was in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 176; Bot. Mag. t. 3404. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 14000 ft., common; Wallich, &e. A shrub, 2-3 ft. Leaves 34 by 3-1 in.; the opposite leaf of each pair 1} by 2 in. or obsolete.—Except in the unequal, rather broader leaves, this wholly agrees with Strobilanthes.| | crx, acanTHacem, (C. B. Clarke.) 463 8. isophylius; and as 8. isophyllus cannot be found wild, it may prove to be a rever- sionary (under cultivation) form of §. anisophyllus. 101. S. crategifolius, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 477; leaves subsessile elliptic or obovate crenulate glabrous, heads 1-5-fld. terminal solitary on numerous short leafy lateral branches hairy, bracts and bracteoles linear-oblong about as long as the calyx, corolla 13 in. blue. ; MovuLMEIN; Griffith, Parish. Branches elongate (15 in. at least), glabrous, subsimple with numerous shortened small-leaved lateral branches in opposite pairs each terminated by a flower-head. | Leaves 24 by 1 in. (those on the lateral branches 3~-} in.), lineolate above, pale leathery beneath; nerves 6 pair, Peduncles 0-4 in.; bract }-4 by }in., green, prominently white-ciliate ; bracteoles similar to, rather smaller. Sepals d in., linear- lanceolate, green, ciliate, } in. in fruit. Corolla nearly straight, glabrous; cylindric base much shorter than the ventricose portion. Capsule} in., broadly clavate-elliptic, minutely pubescent, 2-seeded. Seeds } in., fulvous-shaggy ; areoles very small. ** Heads elongate mostly interrupted ‘below, frequently all the flowers scattered or only a few at the tips of the spikes capitellate, 102. S. lamiifolius, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 476, partly; leaves ovate acute nearly glabrous, young heads strobilate, bracts ovate acute scarcely pubescent, bracteoles oblong about as long as the calyx, corolla 13-14 in. nearly glabrous. Ruellia rotundifolia, Don Prodr. 120. R. lamiifolia, Wall. Cat. 2347. Goldfussia lamiifolia, Nees in Wail. Pl, As. Rar. iii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 172. NepaL; Wallich. ~ Stems 15 in., flexuose, glabrous. Leaves 2 by 1} in., base rounded or shortly acumi- nate, serrate, minutely pubescent on the nerves beneath, lineolate on the upper surface; nerves 6-7 pair; petiole 4 in. Spikes peduncled, mostly solitary, 1 in. in flower scarcely 2 in. not interrupted in fruit; bracts } in.; bracteoles } in., caducous. Calyx } in., in fruit } in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla purple (Nees), Capsule } im, pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds tin., ovate, silky ; areoles hardly any. , 103. S. pauper, Clarke; leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends puberulous beneath or glabrate, heads oblong in fruit interrupted small or 1-fld., bracts obovate quadrate shorter than the calyx, corolla 14 in. purple. 8. lamtifolius, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 476, partly.—Goldfussia sp. n. 26, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Kaasra Mrs., alt. 4-6000 ft.; Nunklow and Nungbree, H.f. ¢ 7., &e. A meagre shrub, 1-2 ft.; branches upwards hairy or glabrate, Leaves 3} by 3-1 in., minutely toothed or subentire, densely obscurely lineolate ; nerves 6~7 pair; petiole : }1in. Spikes in fruit sometimes 2 in., usually shorter, or the flowers occasionally nearly all solitary ; bracts scarcely 2 in., tip obtusely triangular, green, subpubescent, caducous; bracteoles 4 in., oblong, caducous. Calyx 4 in., in fruit 4 in., sub-5- partite; segments linear-spathulate, glandular-pubescent. Corolla nearly glabrous ; narrow cylindric base nearly as long as the ventricose part. Stamens glabrous. Cap- sule } in., pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds yy-} in., ovate, shaggy; areoles small, 104. S. extensus, ees in DC. Prodr. xi.195; leaves subsessile ovate acuminate hairy base rounded or cordate, spikes long interrupted below, bracts ovate, corolla 13-14 in. nearly glabrous purple. 7. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc, ix. 476. Goldfussia extensa, Nees in Wall. Cat. 7160, and in Wall, Pl, As. Rar, iii, 88 464 CIX. ACANTHACER. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 46000 ft., common; Wallich, &c. Assam; Griffith, Mrs. Mack. An erect sbrub, 1-2 ft.; branches hairy. Leaves 1} by 2 in., upper cordate sessile, lower sometimes short-petioled, serrate; nerves 5 pair, springing near the leaf- base. Spikes 2-6 in., terminal, hairy, dense at the tip, usually much interrupted below; the lowest flowers often distant solitary in the axil of altogether leaf-like persistent bracts; bract proper 3-4 in., herbaceous, glandular, deciduous ; bracteoles 7 in,, elliptic. Calyx 3-4 in. (or more in fruit), divided nearly to the base ; segments linear-oblong, subobtuse, glandular-pubescent. Corolla curved; narrow cylindric base of the tube hardly so long as the ventricose part. Filaments glabrous; style thinly hairy. Capsule }-% in., glandular-pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds 3 in., ovate, hairy; areoles small. 105. S. phyllocaulos, Cizarke; leaves short-petioled ovate acute hairy, spikes long dense interrupted below in fruit, bracts ovate, corolla z in. nearly glabrous purple. Kaasra Mrs., alt. 5000 ft.; Moflong, J. D. H.; Dingling, Clarke. Stems stout, hairy ; internodes not half as long as the leaves. Leaves. 33 by 1} in., without the acumination characteristic of 8. eatensus, base of the lower leaves shortly acuminate, serrations often 40-50 to the leaf (rarely 20 in S. ewtensus), upper surface softly densely adpressedly hairy, lower softly patently hairy reticulately nervose; nerves 8 pair, subequally distant (not all springing near the base of the leaf). Inflo- rescence, flowers and capsule exactly as of S. extensus.—So unlike S: extensus in its densely leafy stem that it has been sorted in the Herbarium with chmanthera leiosperma, which it exceedingly resembles; but it is difficult to separate it from 9. extensus by any technical character. 106. S. Newili, Beddome ms.; leaves petioled ovate acute pubescent, spikes much interrupted panicled, bracts lanceolate, corolla 12-14 in. nearly glabrous purple. 8S. extensus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 202, not of Nees. W. MysorE; Manjeerabad, New (fide Beddome). A small shrub; branches puberulous, glandular hairy towards the tips. Leaves 2 by 14 in., base rounded or subcordate, serrate, puberulous scabrous above pubescent beneath; petiole 4-2 in. (uppermost leaves sessile). Panicles 6-10 in.; flowers nearly all opposite distant. Calyx and corolla nearly as of S. extensus.—Col. Beddome published this as S. ewtensus, to which it is no doubt closely allied, but the leaves will not match, and the bracts are totally different, very hairy, early caducous, the bracteoles subobsolete. 107. S. alatus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 194; leaves petioled ovate acute hairy, spikes early panicled, flowers all distant, bracts narrowly oblong caducous, corolla 14 in. nearly glabrous purple. IZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 476 (excl. Sikkim examples). 8. reflexus, Nees 1. c. ae ea Nees 1. c. 193 (excl. syn.). Ruellia urticifolia, Wall. ‘at, 2346. W. TEMPERATE HimazarYa, alt. 6-10,0C0 ft., common; from Kashmir to Kumaon. —Disreis. N.E. Cabul. A shrub, 2-4 ft., erect, viscous-hairy. Leaves 5 by 2 in., upper sessile, lower long-petioled, base cordate rounded or attenuate, serrate; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole 1-3 in., linear or winged upwards. Spikes (by the early fall of the bracts) forming terminal panicles; upper flowers soon in distant pairs, not capitate; bracts narrow- lanceolate or oblong, caducous ; upper hardly so long as the calyx; bracteoles } in., narrowly oblong, caducous. Calyx }-} in., deeply divided; segments unequal, linear, obtuse, green, viscous-hairy. Corolla ventricose, mouth curved, constricted base hardly longer than the calyx, 2 hairy lines within. Stamens glabrous. Ovary glandular, style very remotely minutely hairy. Capsule 3 in., narrowly elliptic, glandular-hairy, " Strobilanthes. | cx, acantHacea. (C. B. Clarke.) 465 4-seeded. Seeds }in., ovate, shaggy; areoles hardly any.—The lower long-petioled leaves are usually cordate, but leaves acuminate at the base occur on the same plant. The species is better distinguished by the tips of the spikes having the flowers (quite early) spicate not enpitate, and all the bracts very narrow; but the leaves about the base of the panicle are cordate ovate acuminate. Nees has written this species up under 3 names in the Kew Herbarium: as 9. alatus, which is altogether right; as S. attenuatus, which is erroneous so far as he doubtfully meant it for Ruellia attenuata, Wall. & Nees (an Echinacanthus) ; and as S. extensus, which is a blunder. 108. S. Lachenensis, Clarke; leaves ovate attenuated at the base laxly hairy, spikes long interrupted at the base, bracts sessile elliptic trun- cate at the base exceeding the calyx caducous, corolla middle-sized glabrate without. Srxxim Hrimataya; Lachen, alt. 10,000 ft., J. D. ZH. Branches elongate, with lax white patent hairs. Leaves 24 by 14 in., obtuse or triangular, base (even in the uppermost) acumiuate, decurrent. Spikes 2-5 in., solitary, simple; lower bracts 4 by 4 in., green, entire, exactly truncate, not at all cordate. Corolla (not expanded) 2 in., with a few scattered lax hairs towards the apex without.—This has been referred as a Sikkim form to S. alatus, to which it is certainly allied; but no one of the numerous examples of S. alatus will it match even reasonably well. 109. S. collinus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 86, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 192; leaves large elliptic acuminate glabrous, spikes forming thin terminal pubescent panicles, bracts narrowly elliptic overtopping the calyx, corolla 2 in. nearly glabrous. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 476. Ruellia collina, Wall. Cat. 2343. Penana; G. Porter. Branch-tips stout, glabrous; internodes elongate. Leaves 94 by 3} in., base cuneate, repand-crenate, bearing raphides on both surfaces; nerves 7 pair; petiole Zin. Spikes 3-4 in., with few flowers in remote opposite pairs, early running into a few-branched panicle; bracts } in., concave; bracteoles 0. Calya 4-3 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear, with weak subulate pubescent tips. Corolla slightly curved, cylindric base as long as the ventricose part. Capsule 3 in., clavate- oblong, puberulous, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, shortly fulvous-hairy ; areoles small. —Habit and calyx much like those of the large Asystesias, but the capsule and seeds are of Strobilanthes. 110. S. lancifolius, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 480; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes linear interrupted hairy collected into terminal panicles, bracts oblong obtuse green shorter than the calyx deciduous, corolla 12 in. minutely pubescent without deep-blue. MovtmeEin; Parish. TENASSERIM; Beddome. A shrub; branches terete. Leaves 7 by 3 in., widest about the middle, serrate, minutely lineolate above; nerves 7-8 pair; petiole] in. Spikes ascending, straight ; flowers nearly all in opposite pairs; bracts 3-3 in.; bracteoles 3 in., linear-oblong, obtuse, deciduous. Calyx 4-4 in., subequally divided nearly to the base ; segments linear-oblong, obtuse, pubescent. Corolla nearly straight, funnel-shaped, ventricose upwards; segments ovate, dense rows of long white hair within. Longer filaments white hairy. Capsule %in., glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds shaggy. 111. S. denticulatus, J. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soc. ix. 483; leaves long-petioled elliptic acuminate at both ends fuscous-pubescent on the nerves beneath, spikes linear interrupted fuscous-pubescent, flowers (or many of them) in distant pairs, bracts lanceolate. Ruellia denticulata, Wall. Cat. 2418. Asystasia denticulata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 164. Kuasta Mts.; Wallich. Patkoye Mrs. (in S.E. Assam), at the river Namyoon (by error Kamyoon in Griffith’s Journals); Grigith (Kew Distrib. u. a ‘ VOL. IV. EH 466 crx, acANTHACERE., (C. B, Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. A shrub; branches quadrangular, scabrid puberulous upwards. Leaves 6 by 24 in., crenulate-dentate, with small raphides on both surfaces, paler beneath; nerves 12 pair; petiole 3-3 in. (often very unequal in the opposite pairs). Spikes 1-4 in., axillary, 1 or 2 together, interrupted, slender even before flower-time ; bracts 3—3 in., green, slightly pubescent ; bracteoles}in. Calyx 3-4 in., divided nearly to the base ; segments lanceolate, scarcely acute, fuscous-pubescent. Corolla 13 in., pubescent without, nearly straight; linear-cylindric part of the tube nearly as long as the ventricose part. F%laments very hairy (Nees). Capsule not seen. 112. S. microcarpus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 482; leaves large petioled ovate acuminate coarsely serrate hirsute on both surfaces, flowers panicled distant mostly in opposite pairs, bracts and bracteoles very small, corolla in. glabrous without. TENASSERIM or ANDAMANS ; Helfer (Kew Distrib. n. 6113). A shrub; branches terete, swollen at the nodes, glabrous. eaves 8 by 4} in, base broadly rhomboid, hirsute with white hairs which are stellately clustered on the upper surface, closely minutely lineolate on both surfaces; nerves 15 pair; petiole 13-2 in. Inflorescence viscidly glandular-hairy ; spikes proper apparently laxly few- fid., axillary and running into a terminal panicle; bracts 3} in., linear; bracteoles similar tothe bracts. Calyx 4 in., divided nearly to the base, viscous ; segments linear, more or less unequal. Corolla nearly straight, very hairy within; cylindric base much shorter than the ventricose portion ; segments short. Capsule scarcely 3 in., clavate, 2-seeded where examined.—Helfer’s examples are in bad condition, with the leaves (both cauline and floral) all detached; and the species very possibly is not placed here correctly. 113. S. angustifrons, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, spikes lateral and terminal paniculate with capitellate tips, bracts oblong acuminate caducous, corolla 1} in. nearly glabrous purple.—Strobilanthes sp. nu. 29, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T., parily. Goldfussia Edgeworthiana, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 173? N.W. Himataya; Deyra, alt. 2500 ft., Thomson; Kangra and Dhurmsala, alt. 3-6000 ft., Clarke. A suberect shrub, 2-3 ft.; branches glabrous. Leaves 44 by 18 in., upper all attenuate at the base, serrulate, upper surface and margin minutely hairy or glabrous, raphides small on both surfaces; nerves 6 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes forming short irregular panicles, branches nearly glabrous; lower bracts leaf-like, lanceolate (base never cordate), upper shorter than the calyx ; bracteoles 2 in., linear, scarcely pubescent. Sepals 4-4 in., linear, pubescent. Corolla nearly as of S. alatus, but much nar- rower. Capsule 3-3 in., sparsely pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds scarcely } in., orbicular, hairy; areoles hardly any.—This differs from S. alatus by the slenderer iia capsule and seeds, and by the uppermost leaves being narrowed never cordate at the base. 114. S. agrestis, Clarke; leaves ovate acuminate at both ends sparsely hairy on both surfaces, spikes elongate paniculate with capitellate tips, bracts shorter than the calyx obovate pubescent caducous, corolla 2 in. glabrous without. SusrropicaL S1xxrm and W. Buortay, alt. 2-5000 ft., frequent; Clarke. An erect, branched undershrub, 1-2 ft.; branches upwards quadrangular, pubescent. Leaves 4 by 2 in., often unequal, shortly acuminate at the base, serrulate, shortly sparsely hairy above, minutely pubescent beneath, minutely lineolate on both sur- faces; nerves 6 pair ; petiole 3-3 in. Spikes 1-4 in., hairy, lower flowers in: distant pairs; bracts 4 in.; bracteoles 2 in., linear-oblong, Corolla slightly curved, rather narrowly tubular-ventricose, !avender colour. Capsule and seeds as of S. angustifrons, to which it is nearly allied. VaR. hemiotis ; one leaf of every pair sessile cordate less than 3 the length of the other.—Khasia Mts., Herb. Watt. , Strobilanthes.| crx. acantnacem. (C. B, Clarke.) 467 115. S. Thomsoni, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 478; leaves ovate or elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes short cymose or fascicled axillary shorter than the leaves glabrous or viscous-hairy, bracts and bracteoles very small, corolla 14 in. purple——Strobilanthes sp. n. 30, Herb. Ind, Or. Hf. & T. SUBTROPICAL SIKKIM and W. Buoray, alt. 2-6000 ft, common; J. D. H.,, 7. Anders., &c. A shrub, 3-5 ft.; branches elongate, flexuose, glabrous. Leaves 43-6} by 23 in., serrate, with small raphides on both surfaces; nerves 6 pair; petiole 4-3 in., some- times 0, Spikes 1-3 in., in nearly all the axils, densely divided from the base, the flowers’nearly all in crowded but distinct opposite pairs; lower bracts resembling reduced leaves, lanceolate; upper é in. spathulate, glabrous pubescent or very viscous- hairy. Calya in flower often less than } in., in fruit sometimes nearly } in., divided nearly to the base; segments equal or unequal, glaucous or green, hairy. Corolla somewhat curved, minutely pubescent, ultimately glabrate. Capsule scarcely 4 in., minutely pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds ,,,in., orbicular, innumerable fine white hairs springing out on applying water ; aveoles very. small.—There is a wide series of forms here collected, varying much in the size and hairiness of the calyx, but all remarkable by the fasciculate axillary inflorescence.. Possibly T. Anderson also included here S. agrestis, which has different inflorescence,.and much. larger capsules. 116. S. leevigatus, Clarke; nearly. glabrous, leaves elliptic acumi- nate at both ends serrate, fowers loosely panicled nearly all in opposite dis- tant pairs, bracts very caducous, corolla 13 in. nearly glabrous. Sixx ; J. D. H. A shrub, glabrous except a few glandular hairs occasionally on the calyx and panicle-rachis. Leaves 7 by 24 in., sharply serrate, obscurely lineolate, nerves 8 pair ; petiole in. Panicles axillary and terminal, large, lax; bracts and bracteoles all fallen before some of the corollas have opened. Calyw 3.in., divided nearly to the base; segments subequal, narrowly lanceolate, subobtuse, somewhat enlarged, mem- branous in fruit. Corolla nearly as of S. angustifrons & agrestis. Capsule 4-2 in., glabrous, tip obscurely glandular. 117. S. debilis, Clarke; leaves small elliptic sparsely hairy,. spikes small interrupted, flowers in opposite pairs, bracts linear-lanceolate, corolla 1 in. nearly glabrous without long white-hairy within. Prev ; Kurz. Stem creeping, rooting ; flowering branches 4-8 in., erect, branching, pubescent. Leaves 1} by % in., apex triangular, very obtuse, base cuneate, undulate or crenate, densely lineolate and with a few long multicellular hairs above, pubescent beneath ; nerves 5 pair; petiole 4 in. ‘Spikes 1-2 in., weak, hairy; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles 34 in, linear, green, hairy. Sepals 4-}in., linear, subulate, very hairy. Corolla nearly straight ; cylindric base hardly half as long as the urceolate part; segments 5, short, round, subequal. Filaments glabrous. Ovary 4-ovulate. ' Capsule not seen.— A very anomalous species ; it is possible that the bracts are not caducous, and that it should not be arranged here. 118. S. glandulosus, Kurz in Journ, As. Soc. 1873, ii. 92; viscous, leaves narrowly elliptic repand-crenate, spikes very numerous, lowest bracts leaf-like subpersistent, proper bracts small oblong caducous, corolla scarcely } in. yellow. Hemigraphis glandulosa, T. Anders, in Kurz Anda- man Keep, App. B. 13. S. Anpaman Istanps; Kurz. A branched herb (Kurz). Leaves 3 by 1 in., subobtusely cuneate at both ends nearly glabrous ; nerves 6 pair; petiole 3 in. Inflorescence exceedingly sticky, very compound ; lower bracts persistent, or deciduous forming the spikes into compound panicles ; flowers distant in opposite pairs, or in small heads ; or in a solitary, H 468 crix. acanTHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. terminal, pedicelled. Calyx 3-4 in., divided nearly to the base; segments linear. Corolla straight, tubular-ventricose, hardly % in. diam.; segments short, round. Filaments and style glabrous; ovary 4-ovulate. Capsule 3 in., clavate, compressed, pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds |, in., orbicular ; when wetted the fine hairs spring out; areoles very small.—Kurz, after removing this species to Strobilanthes, suggests that itis allied to Hemigraphis Griffithiana, of which not merely the ovules, but the inflorescence, &c., are totally different. 119. S. secundus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 480; leaves elliptic acute at both ends nearly glabrous, spikes lax long, flowers distant in opposite pairs, bracts petioled ovate deciduous, corolla 14 in. minutely pubescent without yellow with a brown-purple tube.—Strobilanthes sp. n. 28, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T., partly. MisHMEE and Assam; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6122). Assam; Simons. Leaves 6} by 3 in., crenate or subentire, ashy puberulous on the nerves beneath otherwise glabrous, upper surface with minute raphides; nerves 8 pair; petiole } in. Spikes 12 in., whip-like, sparingly branched (in Griffith’s type specimens), sometimes depauperated 3 in., 5-fid. ; lower bracts leaf-like, upper gradually smaller, leaf-like, deciduous, uppermost only 4 in., lanceolate; bracteoles obsolete. Calya } in., divided nearly to the base, glabrous, enlarged in fruit ; segments unequal, narrowly lanceolate, linear-elongate, subobtuse. Corolla curved, cylindric base hardly so long as the calyx. Capsule nearly 1 in. base long barren narrow, 4-seeded. Seeds 3-4 in., ovate, shaggy; areoles very small. 120. S. flaccidifolius, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 194; glabrous, leaves elliptic acute at both ends, spikes forming somewhat dense panicles, flowers opposite many remote, bracts petioled ovate deciduous, corolla 2 in. nearly glabrous purple. Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 481. 8. Championi, T. Anders. in Benth. Fl. Hongk. 261. S. flaccidus, Mana, Assam For. Rep. 1876-7, par. 135; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. 280; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 239. Ruellia indigofera, Griff. Trav. 237. RB. indigotica, Fortune, Resid. Chin. 158. Balfour, Cyclop. Ind. IV. (Ruellia). RB. Cusia, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2386. Goldfussia Cusia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ‘ii. 88, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 175. Dipteracanthus ? calycinus, Champ. in Hook. Kew Journ. v. 133. N. and E. Beneat with Assam, alt. 1-4000 ft. in the lower hills, often cultivated, Hamilton, Griffith, &c.—Distr1s. N. Burma, S. China. Ashrub. Leaves and flowers closely resembling (when dry) those of S. secundus, but the inflorescence denser, the flowers rather larger. Capsule 3 in., not constricted at the base ; lower seeds less than } in. from the base.—Except as to the capsule, this looks exceedingly like a cultivated form of S. secundus. Yields the dye “ Room.” Series OC. Alterniflore. Bracts persistent or caducous, large or small, in opposite pairs (sometimes unequal) one of each pair mostly barren. Spikes linear lax usually interrupted often flexuose, zigzag or twisted, or compound passing into much-branched panicles ; spikes upwards at least generally sympodal. FVowers mostly distant, alternate——(Several species im this section have some of their flowers opposite, but these are in such case often twisted much to one side; and in many cases where such occur as solitary in the axils of leaves, they are really alternate on shortened axillary branches with 2 opposite bracts, whereof one only contains a flower.) —Species of N. India and the Malay Peninsula. 121. S. divaricatus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 478; leaves lanceolate or elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes axillary and terminal elongate flexuose or zigzag, flowers distant both paired and alter- Strobilanthes.| cx. acantHaczz. (C. B. Clarke.) 469 nate, bracts very small caducous, corolla 14 in. nearly glabrous purple. Ruellia divaricata, Wall. Cat. 2372. Goldfussia divaricata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 176.—Strobilanthes sp. n. 23, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T., partly. TEMPERATE HiMaaya, alt. 5—9000 ft., from Nepal to Bhotan, common ; Waillich, &e. Kuyasta Mrs., alt. 3-5000 ft., frequent; Hf. & 7, &e. A shrub, 2-5 ft., nearly glabrous. Leaves 54 by 2 in, (in the Himalaya plant usually narrower), serrulate, obscurely setulose; nerves 7 pair; petiole} in. Spikes very lax, divaricate ; glabrous or (in the Khasia form) thinly hairy upwards. Bracts 2 in., ovate, caducous ; bracteoles Ht in., obovate-oblong, caducous, Calyzx }-1 in., subequally divided to the base; segments narrow elongate caudate, often glabrous in the Himalaya form, usually hairy (sometimes very hairy in fruit) in the Khasia form. Corolla curved, tubular, ventricose, subviscid dark purple, glossy in the high-level Himalaya plant. Stamens glabrous or the filaments minutely pubescent at the base. Capsule 4 in., glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds y,, in., ovate, pubescent ; areoles small. 122. S. rubescens, JZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 479; lower leaves subsessile oblong acuminate subentire coriaceous hairy or glabrate, spikes curved, flowers mostly remote not opposite, bracts very small ovate, corolla nearly 2 in., seeds } in.—Goldfussia sp., Griff. Itin. Notes, 20, n. 309. Goldfussia sp. n. 27, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T., in great part. Kuasta and JarnrEsa Mrs., alt. 83-5000 ft., common; Griffith, H.f. & T., &e. Suberect flexuose, or lax curved, 1-2 ft., hairy or glabrous. Lower leaves 3} by 1} in. with petiole rarely 2 in., upper cordate sessile, sparsely lineolate above; nerves 5 pair. Spikes 1-5 in., axillary, and forming a quasi-terminal panicle, secund, glabrous or sparingly glandular-hairy ; bracts scarcely } in., ovate, opposite, usually only one bearing a flower; bracteoles nearly as long as the bracts, linear. Calyx j-4 in., divided nearly to the base; segment linear-lanceolate, somewhat enlarged in fruit. Corolla nearly straight, glabrous, purple or lilac ; cylindric base } in., ventri- cose part Lin. Capsule 4-3 in., glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds ovate, shaggy principally on the margin ; areoles small. VaR. ? microsperma ; leaves more distinctly serrate lower sessile cordate, capsule scarcely } in., seeds j, in.—Khasia Mts., alt. 45000 ft., Hf. 7. Darjeeling ; Jor Bungalow, alt. 7500 ft., Beddome.—The small seeds appear perfectly ripe. Col. Beddome’s Darjeeling plant may be a new species. 123. S. boerhaavioides, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soe. ix. 479; lower leaves long-petioled ovate acuminate crenate glabrate, spikes curved, flowers mostly remote not opposite, bracts very small ovate, corolla 14 in., seeds 4 in.—Goldfussia sp. n. 27, Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T., in part. Sixxim Himataya; Thomson. Kuasta Mrs., alt. 4-5000 ft.; Pomrang, J.D. H. Lower leaves 6} by 3 in.; petiole 1-1} in., winged upwards. Otherwise so closely resembling S. rubescens type, that the species have been thrown into one in Herb. Kew. 124, S. Helictus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 479; leaves lan- ceolate or elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes elongate zigzag twisted glabrous or viscous hairy, ‘bracts linear shorter than the calyx, corolla 14 in. creamy-white. Ruellia calycina, Wall. Cat.2417. Asystasia calycina, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 90. Echinacanthus calycinus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 168. SIKKIM, alt. 6000 ft.; Zreutler. Kuasta and Jaintza Mrs., alt. 4000 ft. frequent ; Griffith, &e. A shrub, 1-4 ft.; branches sometimes pubescent upwards. Leaves 43 by 1-1; in. lanceolate (in the Sikkim example 42 by 2 in. elliptic), serrate ; upper surface lineo- 470 cix. acantHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Strobilanthes. late; nerves 5-9 pair; petiole $in. Spikes 3-8 in., axillary and terminal, but little branched ; flowers all distant alternate ; bracts 3-4 in., unequal, opposite, the smaller one barren ; bracteoles 4 in., linear. Calyx 4-1} in., divided subequally nearly to the base ; segments linear, glabrous or very viscous hairy, more or less enlarged in fruit. Corolla nearly glabrous, very ventricose from a constricted base scarce 3 in. long; segments short, round. Stamens 4, filaments very hairy downwards. Capsule 3 in., glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in., ovate, pubescent hair at first dense white, ultimately tawny Jess; areoles very small.—T. Anderson says the leaves are “softly tomentose beneath,” which is a mistake. 125. S. Griffithianus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 481; leaves broadly lanceolate acuminate at both ends puberulous on the nerves beneath, spikes elongate zigzag viscous pubescent, flowers distant alternate, bracts lanceolate obtuse persistent, corolla 12 in. yellow. Trienanthus Griffithi- anus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 169. Kuastia Mrs., alt. 2-3000 ft., Griffith, J. D. H., &c., frequent on the southern face. A spreading shrub, 3-7 ft. diam.; branches fascous-puberulous upwards. Leaves 6 by 14 in., minutely denticulate ; nerves 10 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes 3-8 in., lateral and in lax terminal panicles ; bracts 1 in., opposite, more or Jess unequal, one of each pair supporting a flower; bracteoles 3 in., linear-oblong. Calyz 3-3 in., divided subequally very nearly to the base ; segments (one a little longer than the other 4) linear-oblong, green, viscous-pubescent. Corolla nearly straight glabrous, yellow with brown or red spots or lines; linear-cylindric base *of ‘the tube about as long as the ventricose part. Filaments very hairy. Capsule 3 in., nearly glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds 3-2 in., fulvous-hairy; areoles very small.—Nees erected this plant into a genus on the ground that the calyx was 2-lipped with one lip trifid but half-way down ; an error of fact. 126. S. paucinervius, 7. Anders. in Herb. Kew; glabrous, leaves elliptic acuminate, spikes linear elongated interrupted flexuose alternate-fld., bracts lanceolate persistent. TENASSERIM or ANDAMAN IsLaNnDs; Helfer (Kew Distrib. n. 6115). Apparently a Jax shrub. Leaves 43 by 14 in., base rhomboid, subentire or minutely denticulate, lineolate on both surfaces; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole 2 in. Spikes 2-4 in., axillary, short peduncled,1 or 2 together; bracts 4 in., bracteoles nearly as long, narrower, persistent. Calyx subequally 5-fid nearly to the base; segments linear-lanceolate acute. Capsule 3 in., glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, shaggy ; areoles hardly any. 127. S. elongatus, Clarke; glabrous, leaves lanceolate acuminate, spikes very long lax, flowers alternate and opposite distant, bracts lanceo- late persistent, sepals linear-lanceolate rather longer than the bracts. Assam ; Namroop, Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6183). A shrub. Leaves 44 by 1} in., base cuneate, minutely serrate, densely lineolate above; nerves 11 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes axillary and. quasi-terminal, 1 or 2 together, attaining 7 in., sparingly branched, leafless; bracts in opposite pairs, all distant, both or one or neither bearing a flower, } by y, in.; bracteoles linear, shorter than the bracts. Sepals 4in., glabrous. Corolla not seen. Capsule }tin., 4-seeded, glabrous, Seeds compressed, orbicular, subelastically hairy. 128. S. farinosus, Clarke; leaves elliptic. acuminate at each end serrate glabrous, spikes in a pubescent panicle, fowers distant alternate, bracts very small persistent, corolla 14 in. nearly glabrous without. MovurMeErn ; Thoung Yun, Lodd. Branch terete, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 13 in., upper surface lineolate, lower pale ; nerves 7 pair; petiole $ in. Spikes axillary, and a terminal panicle 4 in, diam.; Strobilanthes.] crx. AcanTHacem. (C. B. Clarke.) 471- bracts 4 in., elliptic, pubescent, opposite one of each pair usually barren ; bracteoles oblong rather longer than the bracts. Calya 3-4 in., divided subequally nearly to the base; segments linear-ligulate, softly pubescent, densely white papillose down the back. Corolla nearly straight, much ventricose upwards, constricted base of the tube short. Style glabrous. Capsule 3 in., spathulate-oblong, puberous, 4-seeded. Seeds #4 in., ovate, shaggy; areoles very small.—The papill@ on the backs of the sepals (and continued also on the bracts) give this species a powdered or farinose look. 129. S. nobilis, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends sparsely hairy on the nerves beneath, spikes long flexuose panicled pubes- cent, lowers alternate, bracts lanceolate acute persistent. Jainrea Hrixus ; Jarain, alt. 3500 ft., Clarke. An erect gregarious shrub, 6-10 ft. Leaves 9 by 3 in., unequal-sided, upper ses- sile, serrate, thinly lineolate above; nerves 10 pair. Spikes 6-12 in., hardly inter- rupted ; bracts j-1 in., very acuminate, minutely hairy; bracteoles 2 in., linear- lanceolate. Calyx % in., divided nearly to the base equally ; segments linear, minutely scabrous-pubescent. Capsule 3 in., nearly glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in., ovate, shaggy; areoles very small,— Corolla not preserved, believed to be yellow. 130. S. inflatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 476; villous, leaves elliptic or subovate acuminate, flowers alternate or some opposite in flexuose or twisted 1-sided spikes, lower bracts leaf-like upper spathulate, corolla 13 in. much curved pubescent without.—Goldfussia sp. n. 28, Herb. Ind, Or. I. f. & T. Sixxim Himazaya, alt, 5-8000 ft.; J. D. H. Branches woody, flexuose, terete, fulvous-villous. Leaves 24 by 3~1} in., serrate, hairy on both surfaces ; nerves 6 pair; petiole 1} in. Spikes 1-3 in., fulvous villous, internodes zigzag or contorted almost asin S. Helictus ; most of the bracts foliaceous ; bracteoles minute linear. Corolla funnel-shaped, inflated, tube very much curved towards the top ; segments subquadrate orbicular. Capsule % in., narrowly elliptic, glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in., subquadrate, shaggy ; areoles subobsolete.—Nearly all the bracts are leaf-like, persistent ; the uppermost, entirely bracteiform ones, are deciduous. 131. S. Wallichii, Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. iii. 87, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 198; leaves petioled elliptic acuminate nearly glabrous upper sessile cordate, spikes lax 1-sided, flowers solitary or paired, many of the lower bracts large leaf-like, sepals linear subobtuse glabrous in fruit elon- ate somewhat hairy at the tips, corolla liin. blue. 7. Anders. in Journ. inn. Soc. ix. 477. Ruellia alata, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 26, t. 31, and Cat. 2371 a. Goldfussia Thomsoni, Bot. Mag.t. 5119, not Strobilanthes Thomsoni, T. Anders. Supatrine Himaara, alt. 7-11,000 ft.; from Nepal to Bhotan, common, Wallich, &c. : Stems 6-24 in., weak, quadrangular sometimes sharply, glabrous or pubescent on the angles. Leaves 3 by 1 in., crenate-serrate, puberulous or glabrate, thinly lineo- late above ; nerves 6 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes 1-6 in., often flexuose or zigzag, lowest flowers appearing often axillary solitary opposite; bracts (many of the middle ones) ovate or subcordate, altogether resembling the upper leaves; uppermost bracts often small, less than } in., ovate or obovate, glabrate; bracteoles linear-oblong, small or 0. Sepals in flower 3 in., usually quite glabrous, in fruit often more than 1 in., laxly flexuose, very narrow, usually more or less glandular hairy at least at the tips. Corolla nearly straight, glabrous or with minute lines of bairs within; cylin- dric base about as long as the ventricose portion ; segments short, round. ilaments and style glabrous. Capsule 4-% in., glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds } in., ovate, pubes- cent; areoles small.—The lowest flowers often appear axillary opposite, with 2 small ovate bracteoles each: more careful comparison shows that the axillary flower is on a 472 ‘orx. acanrHacez, (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. short axillary branch which has 2 opposite bracts, 1 barren, the other with a flower often supported by the two normal but minute bracteoles. Var. microphylla, Nees; leaves very thin herbaceous uppermost cuneate or rhomboid at the base, bracts lanceolate or subovate many foliaceous not cordate, sepals in fruit much broader than in S. Wallichii type, corollae-mouth much on one side, capsule more than 2 in,, seeds } in. Ruellia alata, Wall. Cat. 2371 b.—N.W. Himalaya, alt. 7-11,000 ft.; from Kashmir to Kumaon, common, Wallich, &e.— Connected by intermediate forms with the Sikkim type. Leaves often large, some- times small. 132. S. atropurpureus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ini. 86, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 195; leaves ovate acute coarsely serrate sparsely hairy, spikes lax, flowers solitary or paired, many of the lower bracts leaf-like, sepals linear subobtuse patently hairy, corolla 1} in. blue. TZ. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 477. Ruellia atropurpurea, Wall. Cat. 2398. SusaLrine W. Himaaya, alt. 6-10,000 ft.; from Jamu to Nepal, frequent, Wallich, &e. A perennial, often growing in swamps ; stems 1-1} foot, thick, succulent, hirsute upwards, or dwarfed 3-6 in. Lower leaves petioled or the petiole winged to the base. Corolla usually much curved, the ventricose part of the tube very broad. Otherwise as S. Wallichii var. microphylla, of which this species has been treated (perbaps correctly) at Kew as a var. 133. S. subnudatus, Clarke; leaves petioled elliptic acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous uppermost sessile cordate, spikes linear hairy interrupted, nearly all the bracts small oblong, sepals linear elongated sub- ee pany, corolla 14 in. purple—Goldfussia sp. n. 29, Herb. Ind. Or. SUBALPINE SIKKIM ; Lachoong, alt. 9000 ft., J. D. H. Stems 1 foot, from a woody rootstock, slender, nearly glabrous. Leaves 14 by } in., crenate, with minute scattered bristly hairs above and on the nerves beneath, raphides obsolete; petiole 3 in., one or two pairs of the leaves at the base of the spikes sessile cordate. Spikes 1-4 in.; flowers mostly subsolitary, occasionally oppo- site ; bracts 3 in., oblong or elliptic (none of the flowers with large bracts similar to the uppermost sessile cordate leaves as in S. Wallichii); bracteoles similar to the bracts. Sepals in fruit 4-§ in., as of S. Wallichii.,—This has been taken as a form of S. Wallichii; but none of the numerous forms of S. Wallichti have bracts and hairy spikes without foliaceous bracts like it. 134. S. urophyllus, Wees in DC. Prodr. xi. 192; leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends glabrous, flowers scattered, lower bracts leaf-like upper small long-petioled ovate, corolla 4 in. curved pubescent without. T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc.ix. 477. Ruellia urophylla, Wall, Cat. 2344. Dipteracanthus urophyllus, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 82. Kuasta Mts.; Wallich. JaIntTEA, alt. 4000 ft.; Jarain, Clarke. A small, ramous, nearly glabrous shrub. Leaves 5} by 14 in., those on the flower- ing branches much reduced, serrate, not (or very obscurely) lineolate; nerves 9 pair ; petiole 13in. Flowers scattered, alternate and subopposite on small-leaved branches ; bracts 1 in. exclusive of their } in. petioles, nearly glabrous, persistent; bracteoles similar, Calyx }-} in., divided nearly to the base, pubescent; segments linear, enlarged more hairy in fruit. Capsule 4-3 in., 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in., ovate, pubescent ; areoles very small. Var. sikkimensis; leaves much broader, corolla 1 in. much curved purple-blue.— Darjeeling; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6125) ; alt. 6000 ft., Treutler.—Leaves 54 by 23 in. “ Flowers faintly fragrant” (Treutler). 135. S. stenophyllus, Clarke ; leaves narrowly lanceolate attenuate Strobilanthes.| ctx. acanruacrm, (C. B. Clarke.) 473 at both ends ciliolate pubescent, flowers alternate or opposite in leafy spikes, upper bracts ovate or spathulate persistent, corolla 1 in. nearly glabrous purple. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 3~5C00 ft., frequent; J.D. H., &e. A small, erect, somewhat densely branched shrub. Leaves 2} by } in., equal or subequal, minutely dentate undulate or subentire; nerves 5-6 pair, puberulous, beneath ciliate; petiole obscure. Spikes 1-3 in., numerous, axillary and terminal, nearly glabrous ; lower bracts leaf-like ; upper sometimes spathulate (hardly petioled as in 8S. wrophyllus) ; bracteoles 4, in., ovate. Sepals 4-4 in., subequal, linear, obtuse. Corolla nearly straight, hairy within; cylindric base shorter than the ventricose portion ; segments short, round. Filaments very hairy downwards. Ovary glabrous; style sparsely hairy. Capsule %in., 4-seeded. Seeds 4-4 in., ovate, pubescent; areoles hardly any.—This common Khasia in habit and leaves remarkably resembles S. isophyllus ; the inflorescence, sepals, &., are totally different. 136. S. Panichanga, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 478; leaves broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends rusty-pubescent, panicles lax capil- lary pubescent, flowers scattered mostly alternate, bracts minute persistent, corolla 13 in. nearly glabrous. Twuellia Panichanga, Wall. Cat. 2387. aaeeu Panichanga, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 90, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 167. SinHET; Wallich. CacHarn; Keenan. A shrub; branches tetragonous, pubescent upwards. Leaves 6} by 23 in., serrate ; nerves 10 pair; petiole 2 in. Peduncles }-2 in., repeatedly trichotomous; bracts and bracteoles scarcely } in., lear, pubescent. Calyx } in., deeply subequally 5-fid, closely uniformly pubescent ; segments linear-lanceolate. Corolda nearly straight, puberulous, cylindric base longer than the calyx, gradually widening into the rather narrow cylindric portion of the tube; segments round, short, contorted in bud. Filaments and style with scattered white hairs. Capsule more than } in. 187. S. coloratus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 481, not of Nees; leaves ovate or elliptic acuminate glabrous, panicles capillary very compound glabrous, bracts elliptic caducous, corolla 13 in. nearly glabrous pale purple. Ruellia colorata, Wall. Cat. 2388. Goldfussia colorata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 176.—Acanthacea, Griff. Itin. Notes, 87, n. 1280. Eastern Himataya; Sikkim and Bhotan, alt. 2-5000 ft., Clarke. Assam and Kuasia Mrs., alt. 2-4000 ft., frequent; Griffith, H. f. § T., &e. A nearly glabrous shrub, 3-6 ft. Leaves 7 by 23-4 in., serrate ; nerves 7-8 pair ; petiole} in. Panicle often 1 foot in diam., leafless bractless with 200-500 flowers, sometimes denser with stouter shorter branches; bracts } in. Calyx 1-4 in., deeply 5-fid; segments subequal, lanceolate, glabrous. Corolla tubular-ventricose, glabrous. Capsule 4-1 in., 4-seeded. Seeds 3-4 in., ovate, pubescent; areoles hardly any.— The flowers said by Nees to be capitate are mostly alternate scattered; they are capitate only at the tips of the younger panicle-branches. Van. crinita; panicle-branches minutely thinly glandular-hairy. S. crinitus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 481, Goldfussia crinita, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 176.—Bhotan, alt. 1000 ft.; Griffith. Assam.—Varies in the thinness of the panicle- branches just as does the type. Series D. Paniculate. Flowers panicled laxly, or densely, secund, sub- spicate. Bracts conspicuous, persistent. Capsule elliptic, compressed, cuneate at both ends. Seeds shaggy, often only 2 perfected, or if 4 imbri- cated.—Species of Ceylon or S. Deccan Peninsula, (This series approaches in technical character, though not in habit, the section *** of the series A, Bracteate. Compare S. perfoliatus above, which Wight placed here.) 474 orx. acantHacem, (C. B. Clarke.) — { Strobilanthes. 138. S. sexennis, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 187; leaves sessile elliptic attenuate at each end denticulate nearly glabrous, bracts sessile ovate base rounded or subcordate glandular-hairy or glabrate, corolla 13 in. glabrous. T Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 483. 8. interruptus, Benth. in Pl. Hohenack. u. 1482. Cryton ; Walker, Thwaites, C. P.n. 2593. NitgHERRY Mrs.; on Dodabetta, Hohenacker. A shrub, flowering at 6 or 7 years old, then dying down. Branches subquadran- gular, glabrous, transversely verrucose. Leaves 3 by 1 in. ; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole winged, base dilated. Bracts} by 4-2 in., glabrous or hairy on the same spike; bracteoles 3 in., oblong obtuse. Calyx divided subequally nearly to the base; seg- ments linear-oblong, hairy at least at the tips. Corolla white (Beddome). Capsule 3 in., glabrous, 2-seeded.—Described from Nees’ type specimen; the specimen in leaf only which he adds has very large many-nerved leaves very woolly when young, and is a gregarious undershrub well known to Col. Beddome in Ceylon, of which the flower has not yet been observed. Vaz. arguta; leaves distinctly dentate sometimes slightly hairy, petiole (even in the leaves near the spikes) usually well defined sometimes 1-2 in. not dilated at the base, spikes often elongate secund sometimes dense. S. argutus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 188.—Ceylon, frequent; Gardner, Thwaites, C. P. 66 partly, &c.—Appears a trifling variety. VaR. cerinthoides ; leaves sessile elliptic or oblong narrowed suddenly at the very base subentire coriaceous few-nerved. S. cerinthoides, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 724; T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 229. Mackenziea sessilis, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 308. —Ceylon; Thwaites (C. P. nv. 2594, 66 partly), Mackenzie, &c.—The type of this with nearly all the leaves subsessile rounded at the base seems to form a distinct species, but there are examples wherein the lower leaves are cuneate at the base. The flowers are noted white with much purple marking. Var. hirsutissima; stem and leaves hirsute. S. hirsutissimus, Mees in DC. Prodr. xi. 187.—Ceylon; Walker, Thwaites (C. P. n. 3626), &e. 139. S. homotropus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 187; leaves oblong or elliptic long attenuate at the base glabrous, spikes very hairy flexuose or somewhat twisted, bracts elliptic or subovate narrowed at the base, corolla 1 in. nearly glabrous. 8S. sexennis, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 206, not of Nees. NILGHERRY Mrs., alt. 8000 ft.; Wight, &e. This has been treated as a var. of S. sewennis, but the bracts are quite unlike. 140. S. violaceus, Bedd. Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 205; leaves large petioled ovate hairy on both surtaces, bracts elliptic or oblong much shorter than the calyx, corolla 1} in. glabrous without deep violet. NiteHERRY Mrs. ; Sisparah, alt. 6000 ft., Beddome. A large shrub, very rarely flowering (Beddome) ; branches quadrangular, hairy upwards. Leaves 64 by 33 in., shortly acuminate at both ends, crenulate ; nerves 14 pair; petiole 1-2 in. Panicles 6-10 in., lax, hairy ; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles } in., oblong hairy. Calya divided nearly to the base, less hairy than the bracteoles; seg~ ments 4 in., narrowly oblong, obtuse. Corolla nearly straight, urceolate, very hairy within ; constricted base short; segments short, rounded. Capsule not seen. 141. S. gracilis, Bedd. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxv. 222, and Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 207, not of f. Anders.; leaves sessile lanceolate attenuate at both ends glabrous, panicle glabrous, bracts oblong much shorter than the calyx, bracteoles 0, corolla 1 in, white lilac tinged. S. Beddomei, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 482. ANAMALLAY Mrs,, alt. 5-6000 ft.; Beddome. Strobilunthes.| crx. acanTHacea. (C. B. Clarke.) 475 A very large shrub (Beddome), glabrous or the sepal-tips thinly glandular-hairy ; branches terete. Leaves 7 by 23 in., serrulate; nerves 10 pair. Panicle lax, branches long curved, flowers distant; bracts in opposite pairs, 3-4 in., sometimes both, more often one only, carrying a flower on a pedicel O-y,in. Sepals 3-4 in. linear-ligulate. Corolla slightly curved, nearly glabrous, constricted part of the tube short (from Beddome). Filaments and style hairy (Beddome). Capsule } in., glabrous. 142. S. helicoides, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 229, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 483 ; leaves elliptic or obovate acuminate glabrous, panicle very compound capillary divaricate glabrous, flowers scattered mostly in appearance pedicelled, bracts much smaller than the calyx, corolla I in. glabrous without violet. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 220. Leptacanthus helicoides, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 170. CzyLon, up to 3000 ft. alt.; Walker, Thwaites. A shrub, 2-3 ft., glabrous except the sepal-tips. Leaves 4 by 1} in. (lower larger), base cuneate rounded (or the upper cordate), toothed, paler beneath ; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole 0-3 in. Panicle 6-12 in. diam., dense with slender divaricate recurved or zigzag branches; bracts at the forks 3-4 in., ovate ; bracts below the flowers 74-2 in., linear or linear-obovate. Sepals 4 in., linear, glabrous or sparsely glandular-hairy at the tips. Corolla nearly straight, ventricose, constricted base very short ; segments short, rounded. Capsule 3 in., glabrous, 2-seeded (4-seeded, Nees).—The flowers are in appearance solitary terminal on pedicels 4-1 in., with 2 bracts (called bracteoles by Beddome) placed 0-j, in. below the flower, 143. S. rubicundus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 483 (not of Thwaites Enum. 229); leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, panicle compound slender glandular-pubescent, bracts at the forks ovate acuminate, flower-bracts 0, corolla # in. pubescent without violet. §S. paniculatus, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 199, not of T. Anders. Ruellia rubicunda, Heyne in Herb. Rottler; Wall. Cat. 2337. Leptacan- ag Sn Nees in Wall, Pl. As. Rar. iii. 90, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 170. S. Deccan Peninsvna ; Wynaad and Coorg, alt. 2-3000 ft., Rottler, Beddome. A rather delicate shrub, 5-6 ft.; branches cylindric, glabrous. Leaves 5 by 1} in., unulate crenate or subentire ; nerves 6-7 pair, glabrous or pubescent beneath ; petiole din. Panicle 8 in., narrow ; bracts at the forks 4-3 in., lanceolate from an ovate base ; pedicels 2-4 in., mostly ebracteolate except at the base. Calyx 3-} in., divided deeply, closely pubescent; segments lanceolate-subulate, often very unequal. Coroila nearly straight; base funnel-shaped, hardly cylindric. Capsule not seen. 144. S. paniculatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 483, not of Bedd.; leaves lanceolate acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, panicle compound slender glandular-pubescent, bracts at the forks linear or linear- oblong, pedicels very short, flower-bracts 0, corolla nearly 1 in. glabrous without. S. rubicundus, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 229, not of Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 483. Cuyton; Thwaites (C. P. n. 3351). Pedicels 0-4, in. Calyx 3-4 in., glandular-hairy. Otherwise as S. rubicundus ; the leaves are in the examples a good deal longer. 145. S. pulcherrimus, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 229, excl. syn., and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 483, the Ceylon plant only; leaves elliptic acumi- nate at both ends hairy on the nerves beneath, panicle large very compound viscous hairy, bracts at its divisions ovate acute, flower-bracts obsolete, corolla 1 in. puberulous without violet, capsule hairy. Leptacanthus Walkeri, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 170, not of Wight. 476 crx, acanTHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) — [Strobilanthes. Crrton, alt. 4-7000 ft.; Walker, Thwaites (C. P. nn. 266, 301). A large, rambling shrub (Walker); branches terete, glabrous. Leaves 63 by 2} in., minutely toothed; nerves 9 pair; petiole 14 in. Panicle 8-14 in.; branches ascending, bracts 4-} in., sessile, base rounded or cordate; pedicels 3-3 in., mostly ebracteolate except at the base. Calyw }-}in., divided nearly to the base, viscous- hairy ; segments linear caudate. Corolla nearly straight; tube broad-cylindric from the base, very hairy within; segments short, round. Capsule 3 in., 4-seeded. 146. S. amabilis, Clarke; leaves broadly elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, panicle large compound viscous hairy, bracts at its divisions linear-oblong, tlower-bracts linear much shorter than the calyx, corolla 14-14 in. glabrous without purplish, capsule glabrous. Leptacanthus Walkeri, Waght Ic. t. 1507, not of Nees, nor Strobilanthes Walkeri, Nees. NILGHERRY Mrs,, alt. 6000 ft.; Gardner, &c., Hohenacker, n. 1440. Leaves 7} by 33 in., glabrous beneath; nerves 10-12 pair. Calyx 3-2 in, closely subtended by 2 linear bracts. Capsule 3 in. and upwards, conspicuously stipitate.— Closely allied to S. pulcherrimus, which it was taken for by Wight. T. Anderson overlooked the numerous points of difference above diagnosed, which are constant. A much finer species than the Ceylon one, the panicle stouter with fewer but larger flowers. SPECIES NOT SEEN. 147. S. Nest, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 93, and For. Fl. ii. 245; leaves large lanceolate minutely hairy on both surfaces, spikes sessile dense bracteate ultimately elongated interrupted below, bracts proper oblong-linear shorter than the calyx slightly serrate at the tips, corolla 1}-1} in. glabrous without purple. Mazrapan ; Kurz. A large shrub, 10-12 ft. Leaves attaining 10 in., shortly acuminate, base attenuate, obsoletely repand-toothed ; petiole 3-13 in. Lowest dracts (or floral leaves) leaf-like, caducous, 3 in., tips serrate; bracteoles 2, linear-lanceolate, glandular- hirsute, as long as the calyx. Calyx-segments 3 in. or more, linear, hoary, ciliate. Corolla-tube long, slender, hairy within. Stamens 2 only; filaments glabrous. Style hairy. Capsule a little longer than the calyx, glabrous, tip pubescent, 4-seeded. Seeds silky. 148. S. nemotus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 471; leaves ovate acuminate subentire glabrous, spikes axillary 1 or 2 together elongate, flowers remote solitary, bracteoles and calyx-segments smaller than the bracts, capsule elongate glabrous. TENASSERIM ; Helfer. Stem subterete, glabrous. Spikes 1}-3 in.; bracts 3 in., lanceolate, mucronate, 1-nerved, glabrous ;’ bracteoles and calyx-segments } in., narrower than the bracts. Capsule 4 in.—Allied to S. fimbriatus and S. polythriz, 149, S. napLantHorpEs, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 471; leaves petioled ovate acuminate at both ends crenate or undulate glabrous or floral leaves ciliate, spikes suberect lax, bracts bracteoles and calyx-segments linear hirsute with hyaline bristles, corolla funnel-shaped pubescent without hairy within. British BurmMa; Moulmein, Falconer (n. 402 in Herb. Caleutt.), Helfer, n. 255. An erect herb, 1-14 foot. Stem terete, swollen at the nodes, glabrous. Leaves 2-33 by 1-1} in., paler beneath; petiole 4in. Spikes 2-3 in., lax, crowded in the upper axils and subterminal, on slender hirsute peduncles; bracts } in. ; bracteoles and calyx in. Corolla 4 in., tube suddenly narrowed, segments small, Capsule 3 in., constricted at the base, upwards ovate, acute, glabrous.—Placed by T. Anderson next S. khasyanus. 150. S. Masrersi, T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 481; upper leaves sub- sessile lanceolate acute serrate subglabrous, panicles dichotomous lax erect viscous, pedicels elongate mostly 1-fid., bracts lanceolate acute sparsely glandular deciduous, corolla funnel-shaped suberect glabrous. Strobilanthes.| crix. acantHaceam. (C. B. Clarke.) ATT Assam; Masters, Simons. Stem erect, tetragonous, glandular, viscous. Calyx-segments equal, linear, glan- dular, viscous. Stamens included. Capsule oblanceolate, elongate, tip glandular, 4.seeded.— Placed by Anderson next S. coloratus. ; 151. S. sproatus, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 484 ; leaves subsessile oyate or ovate-lanceolate acute base subcordate serrate tomentose above pale pubescent beneath, spikes terminal elongate, flowers solitary sessile opposite, bracts leaf-like ovate pubescent, bracteoles small herbaceous spathulate, corolla 13 in. funnel-shaped glabrous. Kuasra Mts. ; above Nunklow, Simons. Softly pubescent ; stem tetragonous. Leaves 1-3 by 3-1 in., floral passing into bracts. Bracts 1-% in.; bracteoles }in. Calyx 4 in.; segments linear, unequal. Capsule oblanceolate, glandular at the tip, 4-seeded. Seeds large.—Affinity uncer- tain, Z. Anderson. 152. S. namiorpEs, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 485; floral leaves large sessile ovate acuminate serrate tomentose beneath, heads terminal few-fid., bracts spathulate glandular-tomentose ciliate, corolla straight tomentose without and within. Kurz For. Fl. ii. 244, Pav; Mt. Taijoo, alt. 4000 ft., Brandis; Mts. Nattoung, Cross. ManrtaBaNn Hits, alt, 2-4000 ft.; Kurz. : An evergreen shrub (Kurz), glandular-tomentose; stem subtetragonous. Floral leaves 3-1 by 2-1 in., glabrous above. Heads leafy, lax, sessile or shortly peduncled ; bracteoles linear, acute, subglabrous. Calyx 5-cleft to the middle; lobes linear, acute. Corolla 4 in., like that of Ruellia. Stamens included. Capsule } in., com- pressed, tip bearded. Seeds large—Of doubtful affinity (T. Anderson). Corolla blueish-purple, seeds shortly tomentose (Kurz). 153. S. viotzrouius, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 485; leaves petioled obliquely ovate acute serrate subglabrous, spikes few-fid., flowers distant subsessile in opposite pairs, bracts linear, corolla funnel-shaped straight glabrous without and within. Srtxxim Himataya, alt. 5000 ft.; Ratong Valley, 7. Anderson. Stem herbaceous, weak; innovations pubescent. Lower deaves round; petiole lin., filiform; upper leaves sessile, 14-34 by 1-14 in. Spikes 3-4 in., terminal on lateral branches; bracts 4-3 in., linear sometimes spathulate, herbaceous; bracteoles qs in., subulate. Calyx deeply divided; segments 4 in., linear, acute, glabrous. Corolla 4 in., pale blue; lobes equal, small.—Of doubtful affinity (T. Anderson). 154. S.? panatus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 191; leaves ovate acuminate entire glabrate above woolly-tomentose beneath, spikes axillary and terminal ternate cylindric dense, bracts oblong obtusely cuspidate woolly-tomentose beneath glabrous lanceolate above. NILGHERRIES ; Perrottet. ‘ Very distinct from the stem, petioles under surface of leaves and spikes being densely softly tomentose. Corolla-tube 1 in., slender, throat campanulate, approaching that of Stenosiphonium. Calyx sub-5-partite ; segments linear, obtuse, very villous. —Genns doubtful: referred to Strobilanthes from its similarity to S. Mysurensis, Nees, which is an Asystasia. 8. VERRUCULOSUS, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 181, from “ India” remains obscure ; Nees doubts whether it may not have been a Ruellia, 1 XIX. CALACANTHUS, T. Anders. A shrub. Leaves large, entire. Spikes terminal, dense or elongate, hairy ; bracts prominent, elliptic; flowers large, purple. Calyx sub-d-par- tite, segments unequal. Corolla deeply 2-lipped ; posterior lip narrow, shortly 2-fid, anterior of 3 short emarginate lobes; lobes all contorted in bud. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers subequal, oblong, 2-celled, muti- cous. Ovary 4-ovulate; stylelong, stigmasimple linear. Capsule ellipsoid, 478 cIx. acanTHacEs, (C. B. Clarke.) [Calacanthus. compressed, acute at both ends, 2-seeded. Seeds compressed, exareolate, densely shortly hairy. CG. Dalzelliana, 7. Anders.; Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 1088. Lepida- gathis grandiflora, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 138; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. #1. 190; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 226. SyHapREE Mrs.; near Bombay, Dalzell. Canara; near the foot of the Ghats, plentiful, Beddome ; Purwhur Ghat, Ritchie. Leaves 7 by 3} in., acuminate at both ends, very sparsely hairy above, glabrous | beneath, minutely lineolate on both surfaces ; nerves 11 pair; petioleO-1 in. Spikes 1-6 in., sometimes interrupted towards the base; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles 3-4 in., oblong. Calyx } in., hairy; one segment elliptic, two narrowly oblong, two linear- lanceolate. Corolla 14-2 in.; cylindric base shorter than the lobes; palate bullate, yellow-hairy. Filaments glabrous; anther-cells hairy. Ovary glabrous; style hairy. Capsule 3 by jin. Seeds nearly } in. diam. XX. BLEPHARIS, Juss. Herbs or undershrubs, harsh often rigid or prickly. Leaves opposite or 4in a whorl, subentire toothed or prickly. Spies terminal or on suppressed axillary branches, strobiliform, 4-ranked or capitate and few-fid., or many- bracteate and 1-fid., bracteate and bracteolate. Sepals 4, unequal, in opposite pairs, inner smaller; one of the outer pair emarginate or 2-lobed. Cirotiedule ovoid, horny; limb of 2 lips, upper subobsolete; lower patent, 3-lobed, blue or pinkish. Stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments thick, rigid, anterior produced above the insertion of the anthers; anthers 1-celled, mar- gins densely bearded, second cell small or 0. Ovary glabrous, 4- or 2-ovu- late; style linear, very shortly 2-fid. Capsule oblong or ellipsoid, 2- or 4 celled. Seeds compressed, orbicular, echinate by thick papille formed of closely connected tubes spirally or annularly thickened, which when moistened usually become free at their upper ends (see Kippist in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. t. 6, fig. 5).—Species 20, Indian and African. 1. B. asperrima, Nees in DC. Prodr.xi. 267; leaves ovate subentire setulose, bracteoles obovate 3-toothed subglabroys green-nerved, capsule 4- seeded, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 192; Wight Ic. t. 1534; T. Anders. in. Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 499, W. Decoan PEninsuLa; Concan and Canara, on the Ghauts common, Dalzell, &e. : ; Stems 8-24 in., herbaceous, erect, glabrous or sparsely setulose. Leaves 23 by 1} in., base rounded or obtuse; petioled in. Heads terminal and quasi-axillary, few- fid. ; outermost bracts leafy; proper bracts 4 in. or small, obovate or subpetioled, ovate; bracteoles j-3 in., usually with 3 lanceolate subspinescent teeth, the middle the shortest. Calyx green-and-white nerved, glabrous thinly ciliate or setulose; 2 outer segments 2-1 in., spathulate, one bilobed; 2 inner much smaller, lanceolate. Corolla 3-1 in., blue. Capsule 4 in., oblong, seed-bearing from the base. Seeds #4 in., compressed, ovate, closely echinate ; spines obtuse, lanceolate, many closel connected tubes containing spiral filaments, which rise elastically when moistened but do not separate. 2. B. boerhaavieefolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180; leaves usually 4 in a whorl elliptic repand-toothed puberulous or glabrate, bracteoles spathulate bristle-ciliate subglabrous green-nerved, capsule 2-seeded. Wall. Cat. 2513; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 97, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 266; Wight Ill. t. 164 b, fig. 6, and Ie. t. 458; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. F1.192; T. Anders. in Blepharis.| cix, acanTHAcEH, (C. B. Clarke.) 479 Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 500. B. maderaspatensis, Roth Nov. Sp.320. Acan- thus maderaspatensis, Linn. Sp. Pl. 892; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 33. 2 ciliaris, Burm. Fl. Ind. 189, t. 42, fig. 2. Deccan Penrnsuta, from Mt. Aboo and Behar to Ceylon; common. Pxav ; Wallich, &e.—DistTR1B, Ava, Tropical Africa. Prostrate, scabrous or puberulous. Leaves 12 by § in.,"acute at both ends; petiole 3 in. Spikes axillary or peduncled, 1- or few-fid.; bracts } in., ovate, bristle-ciliate ; bracteoles 5-3 in. Calyx }-} in.; segments 4, oblong, unequal, nerved, subglabrous, one of the outer pair minutely emarginate. Corolla % in., pink, purple or nearly white. Capsule 4-} in., ellipsoid, compressed, shining glabrous. Seeds densely covered with obtuse spines formed of tubes free at the vertex when moistened.— Wight depicts the ovary 2-ovulate, and no more can be found; nor does the capsule show (as 2-seeded capsules usually do) the papille of the suppressed ovules; but Nees and Benth. in Gen. Pl. say the ovary is always 4-ovulate. 3. B. molluginifolia, Pers. Syn. ii. 180; leaves usually 4 in a whorl oblong hairy or minutely scabrous, heads mostly 1-fld. many of the outer bracts barren, bracteoles elliptic or oblong subsessile, capsule 2-seeded. Wall. Cat. 2514; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 97, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 266; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 192; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 500. B. repens, Roth Nov. Sp. 321. Acanthus repens, Vahl Symbd. ii. 76. A. maderaspatensis, Linn. Herb. partly. Dsccan PeninsvLé; common in the Carnatic, and from Delhi and Chota Nag- pore to CEYLON. A wiry perennial; branches 3-6 in., prostrate, usually roughly hairy. Leaves 4-1 in., subsessile, obtuse. Bracts and bracteoles bristle-ciliate ; bracts shorter than the bracteoles. Calyx and corolla nearly as of B. boerhaaviefolia, but much smaller ; corolla (including the larger lip) only 3-4 in. Capsule and seeds as of B. boerhaavie- Solia, but the seeds appear (even when dry) shaggy, from the numerous bundles of annular tubes being connected only at the base.—As in B. boerhaaviefolia, only 2- ovulate ovaries and 2-seeded capsules have been seen. 4, B. sindica, Stocks; T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soe. ix. 500; leaves linear or narrowly, oblong pubescent, heads few- or many-fid., bracteoles linear hairy shorter than the bracts, capsule 2-seeded. Acanthodium gros- sum, Wight Ic. tt. 1535, 1536, not of Nees. ScinpE; Stocks, Dalzell. Punsap; Stewart, Vieary, Aitchison. Stems 3-6 in., or very short. Leaves 1-2 in., toothed or subspinescent. Heads few- or many-fid., 3-4. in. in fruit, quadrifarious; bracts 1 in. or more, ovate with divaricate lanceolate tips, prickly, hairy within and without; bracteoles}in. Calyx softly hairy; 2 outer segments 3 in., ovate; 2 inner } in. narrowly ovate. Corolla in. Capsule } in., ellipsoid, compressed, shining brown. Seeds 3 in.; appearing echinate, but the tufts of tubes (even in the dry state) have all their ends free. 5. B. edulis, Pers. Syn. ii. 180; leaves elliptic or oblong glaucous or pubescent, heads few- or many-fid., bracteoles linear hairy shorter than the bracts, capsule 2-seeded. . Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 500; Boiss. Fil. Orient. iv. 520. Acanthus edulis, Forsk. Fl. Atg.-Arab. 114. A. Delillii, Spreng. Syst. ii. 819. Ruellia persica, Burm, FI. Ind. p. 135, t. 42, fig. 1. Acanthodium spicatum, Delsle Fil. Eg. 97, t. 38, fig. 3; Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 274. Punzaz and SornpE (7. Anderson).—Distriz. S.W. Asia, N.E. Africa. Stems short or 1 foot or more, branched. eaves often 4 in. broad, spinescent. Bracts longer and more spinous than in B. sindica. Corolla %-$ in., blue.—This differs from B. sindica by the broader usually glabrous-glaucous leaves, and the larger flowers: no Indian specimens have been seen. Ruwedlia ciliaris, Linn. Mant. 480 cIx, acaNTHACEZ. (C. B. Clarke.) [Blepharis. 89, adduced as a syn. by Nees and T. Anderson, described as from India with ciliate leaves, seems more likely to have been Blepharis boerkaaviafolia, i.e. Burmann’s ciliaris. XXI. ACANTHUS, Linn. Erect or twining shrubs, or herbs. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed, spinous or rarely entire. Spikes terminal or pseudo-axillary, dense strobiliform or interrupted; bracts ovate, large spinescent, or small; bracteoles large, lanceolate, rarely 0; flowers subsessile, blue or white. Sepals 4, 2 outer opposite, 2 inner opposite smaller. Corolla-tube short, ovoid, horny ; limb of 2 lips, upper obsolete, lower elongate obovate, shortly obtusely 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, shorter than the lip; filaments stout, narrowed curved below the anther, not excurrent near the apex; anthers oblong, I-celled, bearded. Disc 0. Ovary 4-ovulate; style very shortly 2-fid; ovules 2 in each cell. Capsule ellipsoid, compressed, shining chestnut- brown, 4-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbicular, without hairs; testa very lax.—Species 14, in the warm and hot zones of the Old World. 1. A. earduaceus, Griff. “Itin. Notes, 144, and Ic. Pl. As. Or. t. 427; leaves large sessile elliptic deeply pinnatifid glabrous lobes toothed spinescent, spikes long woolly, bracteoles 1 in. linear silky-woolly. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1x. 500. Buotan ; Oongar, Griffith. A robust shrub, scandent on rocks (Griffith). Leaves 12-20 by 6 in., black-green or (Griff. Priv. Journ. 265) flesh-coloured ; lobes lanceolate. Spikes 6-12 in., erowded towards the ends of the branches, and on long axillary peduncles, the leaves ati the base of the sessile spike being only 2-4 in. long, strobiliform, obscurely 4- ranked ; bracts 14 by 3 in., ovate, hairy within and without, spinous ; bracteoles lan- ceolate. Calyx silky, 2 outer lobes 3-1 in., lanceolate one shortly 2-toothed ; 2inner lobes 3 in., lanceolate. Corolta 1} in., white (Grifith), altogether as in the genus. Capsule 1~13 in., ellipsoid, compressed, glabrous, shining brown, 4-seeded, much as of A. ilicifolius. 2. A. leucostachyus, Wail. Cut. 2612; leaves short-petioled elliptic or oblong spinous-serrate slightly hairy beneath, spikes hairy, bracteoles 2 in. linear-lanceolate hairy. Nees in Wall, Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 270; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 501. Kuasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., frequent; Wallich, &c. Namroop inthe Parxoyg Mrts., Griffith. CacHar; Keenan, Stem 6-15 in., decumbent, viscous-woolly. Leaves 8 by 34 in., cuneate at both ends, whitened beneath ; nerves beneath viscous-pubescent, prominently reticulate ; petiole % in., woolly. Spikes 3-6 in., mostly terminal, solitary ; bracts $1 by 4 in, elliptic, spinous-toothed, hairy on both sides. Calyx softly hairy; 2 outer lobes % in., one shortly 2-toothed ; 2 inner 4-4 in., sublinear, Corolla 2 in., white (Nees). Capsule 4-3 in., ellipsoid, compressed, glabrous, shining-brown, 4-seeded.—The cap- sule and seeds greatly resemble A. ilicifolius, but are not ripe. 3. A. longipetiolatus, Kurz For. Fl. ii. 241; leaves long-petioled ovate subserrate pubescent on the nerves beneath, bracts obovate spinous- toothed softly hairy, corolla 14 in. nearly glabrous. Prev; Brandis (Herb. Kurz). Stem 1 foot, rather stout, decumbent, rooting, then erect, simple, rusty-pubescent. Leaves 63 by 33 in., cuneate subacute at both ends, serratures very shallow not spines- cent ; petiole nearly 2 in. Spike solitary, simple, 54 by 14 in., continuous ; pedun- cle 4 in,, stout, pubescent ; bracts 3 by }in., teeth few, large; bracteoles 1 in., linear-subulate, hairy. Sepals 5, sottly hairy; one 14 by 4 in. oblong obtuse, two Acanthus.| crx. acantHaces, (C, B, Clarke.) 481 1 by £ in. oblong, two % by Y in. Corolla and stamens as in A. ilicifolius, the curving of the top of the filament insisted on by Kurz being the same as in the other species of Acanthus, and without the excurrent point of Blepharis. Capsule not seen, 4, A. ilicifolius, Linn.; Benth. Fl. Austral. iv. 548; leaves shortly petioled oblong or elliptic toothed or pinnatifid spinous rigid glabrous, spikes elongate often interrupted, bracteoles broadly lanceolate glabrous, calyx % in., corolla 14 in. blue. Burm. Fl. Ind. 188; Blume Byd. 806; Wall. Cat. 2511; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 32; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 501; Kurz For, F1.ii.241. A. Doloarius, Blanco Fl. Filip. 487. Dilivaria ilicifolia, ees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 98, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 268; ged Ie. t. 459; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 192.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ii. Sea-coast, from MataBar to CEYLON, and from the Soonderbund to Malacca.— Distz1B. Malaya to the Philippines and Australia. Stems 1-5 ft., in clumps, little divided, terete, glabrous. Leaves 6 by 2} in. ; petiole 4 in., base usually spinous. Spikes 4-16 in., terminal, commonly solitary ; flowers mostly opposite; bract 4-2 in., ovate, acute, glabrous; bracteoles 4—} in. Sepals, 2 outer elliptic rounded, 2 inner broadly lanceolate subacute. Corolla pubes- cent within. Capsule 1} by $in. Seeds }-} in., testa white very Jax. Var. integrifolia, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 232; leaves lanceolate entire tip acute spinous.—Ceylon; Thwaites. 5. &. ebracteatus, Vahl Symb. ii. 75, t. 40; leaves shortly petioled oblong or elliptic toothed or pinnatifid spinous rigid glabrous, spikes elon- gate somewhat lax, bracts caducous, bracteoles obsolete, calyx 4 in., corolla 3 in. white. Blume Bijd. 806; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 501; Kurz For. Fi. ii. 242. A. ilicifolius, Zour. Fl. Cochinch. 375, not of Linn. ; Wail. Cat.2511, E and part D. Dilivaria ebracteata, Pers. Syn. ii. 179.; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and Cat. 7169, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 269. —Rumph. Amb. vi. t. 71, fig. 1. Matacca; Griffith, Maingay. ANDAMaNS; ex Kurz.—DistTRis. Siam, Java, Cochin China, Stems and leaves of A. ilicifolius; base of petiole spinous or not. Bracts 3 in., usually caducous before the flowers expand. Capsule } in.—Seems to differ from A. ilicifolius by the much smaller calyx, corollaand capsule. Vahl puts the difference too strongly when he says the flowers are only one quarter the size. Bentham (FV. Austral. iv. 548) doubts the distinctness of the species. Herbarium examples of A. ilicifolius with the flowers in bud, which show neither the evanescence of the bracts nor the true size of the corolla, can only be distinguished by the presence of the bracteoles. 6. A. volubilis, Wail. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 56, t. 172; twining, unarmed, leaves oblong or elliptic entire glabrous, spikes linear-oblong, bracteoles 0, corolla white. Z Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 501; Kurz For. Fl. ii. 249. Dilivaria volubilis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98; Griff. Notul. iv. 188. D. scandens, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 269. Sea-shores of the Mazay Prninsuta; Soonderbund, Wallich, &c.; Pegu, Kurz; Mergui, Griffith.—Disre1s. Siam. 7 Stems twining in long grass, internodes often 4-8 in. Leaves 34 by 1} in., obtuse or subacute, base attenuated ; petiole } in. Spikes 2-3 in., hardly inter- rupted; flowers sub-2-seriate; bracts 3 in., elliptic, acute. Calyx 3-3 in., outer segments elliptic, acute, glabrous; inuer similar, much shorter. Corolla 1 in., white, slightly tinged yellow (Wallich), probably when fading ; rose (Nees).—The syn. of Rumphius (Herb. Amb. vi.t. 71, fig. 2, wrongly cited as t. 72 by Nees) has alternate leaves and fruits quite unlike deanthacee. . ‘VOL. IV. i 482 crx. acanTHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Acanthus. 7. A. longibracteatus, Kurz in Flora 1870, 363, and in Journ. As. Soc. 1870, ii. 79; leaves long-petioled ovate or elliptic-oblong acute at both ends remotely toothed pubescent, spikes terminal linear-oblong, bracts lan- ceolate spinous-mucronate, corolla % in. Pseu; Brandis (fide Kurz). Annual, 3-5 in.; stems terete, decumbent or ascending, densely puberulous, Leaves 2 in., membranous, setulose between the teeth, sparsely hairy above, nerves beneath pubescent. Spikes as in A. leucostachyus; rachis pilose; bracts } in., pubescent, lower entire, upper with 2 or 3 spinous teeth on each side; bracteoles as long as the bracts, linear. Calyx } in., adpressedly pubescent and nervose ; lower segment deeply 2-fid, lobes lanceolate acuminate. Corolla 5-lobed, minutely hirsute in the throat.—Copied from Kurz. Notwithstanding the narrow bracts and small corolla, I suspect that this is Kurz’s subsequently described A. longipetiolatus. XXII. BARLERIA, Linn. Undershrubs or herbs, spinescent or unarmed. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers showy, purple blue yellow or white, sessile, solitary or in dense or sublax spikes ; bracts and bracteoles large, small or 0. Sepals 4, in oppo- site pairs, outer pair very much the larger, anterior often emarginate bifid or deeply 2-lobed. Corolla-tube elongate, sometimes very long, funnel- shaped upwards; lobes 5, subequal, ovate, or elliptic, imbricate in bud. Stamens 2 with oblong 2-celled anthers; 2 small, rudimentary, or rarely with a few grains of pollen; rudimentary 5th often present. Dise large, often a toothed cup half enclosing the ovary. Ovary 4-ovulate; style long, shortly bifid or subentire. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 2- or 4-seeded below the middle. Seeds compressed, ovate, hairs wavy silky close-adpressed non- elastic (except in B. Gibsoni).—Species 60, tropical, mostly Old World. Barleria lupulina, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1483, is frequently cultivated in India, and appears as an escape. Barleria rubra, Ham., and B. spicata, Roxb., are entered in Steudel’s Nomencla- ture as Indian : but it is not known from what source obtained. Subgenus 1. Prionitis. Capsule ovoid, beak solid, 2-seeded close to the base. 1. B. Prionitis, Linn.; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 93, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 237; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends spine-tipped glabrous or sometimes tawny sericeous beneath, flowers in terminal spikes yellow, bracts large elliptic spine-tipped, bracteoles very small bristles or 0. Burm. Fl. Ind. 135; Blume Bijd. 805; Wall. Cat. 2510; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 36 ; Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. iii. 388; Wight Ic. t. 452; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 189; 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 490. B. Hystrix, Linn, Mant. 89; Wall. Cat. 7145; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. 1. c. 239. B. pubiflora, Benth. in Flora 1849, 558. Prionitis Hys- trix & pubiflora, Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 809, 810—Rumph. Herb. Amb. vil. 138. Bheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 41. Tropical India ; from the Himanaya to CeyiLon and Mauacca, probably in most cases introduced.—DistR1B. Tropical Asia and Africa. A bush, 2-5 ft., sometimes planted for a fence ; usually very prickly, rarely nearly unarmed; densely scabrid lineolate, sometimes puberulous. Leaves 4 by 1} in, eutire; petioles of the lower leaves usually distinct sometimes 4-1 in. Flowers axillary, 1-3-nate, uppermost spiked; bracts 4-1 in., entire, the lower larger, folia- ceous. Sepals broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 2 outer 3-3 in., 2inner }in. Corolla 1}-1{ in., glabrous or puberulous. Stamens 4, 2 minute or sterile. Dise annular. Barleria. | cIx. acantHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) 483 Pistil glabrous. Capsule 3-1 in., 2-seeded. Seeds } in. diam., much compressed, ovate. 2, B. cuspidata, Heyne; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 239; glabrous, leaves subsessile narrowly oblong-lanceolate spine-tipped, flowers axillary scarcely spiked at the end of the branches, bracts lanceolate acuminate spine-tipped, bracteoles minute bristles or 0. ue. Cat. 2499; Wight Ic. t. 451; T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. S. Deccan PENINSULA, alt. 0-2000 ft. ; Concan, Carnatic, Mysore, Coimbatore, Rottler, Wight, &e. A lower, harsher, more prickly undershrub than B. Prionitis, with shorter inter- nodes. Leaves 23 by 4 in., occasionally 1 by 3 in., elliptic, entire. 2 lowers nearly all axillary, distant ; bracts 4-3 in., usually very narrow. Calyx 3-1 in., segments long acuminate. Corolla 14 in., yellow. Capsule and seeds as of B. Prionitis.-- Exceedingly near B. Prionitis,as Heyne has noted in Herb. Rottler. Nees erroneously says the corolla is pale blue; does not allow it to have been B. cuspidata, Heyne, but says it is part of B. noctiflora, Heyne. Heyne has, however, named these two species correctly in Rottler’s Herbarium. 3. B. Hochstetteri, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 231; pubescent, leaves elliptic or oblong entire, flowers pedicelled, bracteoles small narrow remote from the calyx, corolla 2-1 in. lilac. Wight Ic. t. 1528; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 808; Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 494; Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv. 523. Barlerites Hochstetteri, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 137. ScivpE; Stocks.—DistriB. §.W. Asia, N.E. Africa. A woody, harsh undershrub, scarcely 1 foot high, sometimes spinescent. Leaves 2 by 3-1 in., obtuse, base narrowed ; petiole 3 in. Pedicels t-} in., pubescent, often 3 on an apparent peduncle, the 2 leaves at their base much reduced, usually petioled, oblong or sublinear ; bracteoles about the middle of the pedicel 2, 1, or 0, very small, linear (? bracts). Calux green, pubescent ; 2 outer lobes 4-4 in., triangular-ovate, 2 inner very small. Stamens 2, the 3 smaller nearly obsolete. Dise prominent, cup-shaped. Ovary hairy; stigma scarcely bifid. Capsule nearly 4 in., pubescent, ovoid, rostrate, 2-seeded near the base. Seeds densely silky.—Oersted attributes to his very bad genus Barlerites a unilateral linear stigma and glabrous seeds, which is wholly wrong. Subgenus 2. Eubarleria. Capsule oblong or narrowly ellipsoid, 4- rarely 2-seeded at or near the middle by the suppression of the 2 lower seeds. * Bract 0, bracteoles 2 divaricate long-linear or spines, 2 outer sepals large. [Each flower on the sympodal raceme is in the axil of one of two opposite bracteoles, and the terminal flower also is apparently 2-bracteolate ; by comparing such species as B. longiflora & tomentosa, it is seen that it is the bracteoles that are really aborted in this section. The next section differs in the terminal flower having 3 (or 4) bracts in place of 2.} + Prickly. 4, B. buxifolia, Linn.; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 94, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 241; leaves small broadly elliptic obtuse mucronate hairy. flowers solitary pedicelled or sessile, 2 outer sepals oblong entire. oth Nov. Sp. 313; Wall. Cat. 2504, partly; Howb. Fl. Ind. i. 37, Wight Ic. t. 870; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 489. Dicranacanthus buxifolia, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 136. S. Deccan PENINSULA, alt. 0-4000 ft.; Rottler; Courtallum, Wight; Concan, Law, &e. ‘ 112 484 crx. acaNTHACEH., (C. B. Clarke.) [Barleria. A small, very prickly undershrub; branches hairy. Leaves }-3 in.; petiole hardly any. Bracteoles 4-3 in., simple spines; pedicel (above the bracteoles) 3-14 in., sometimes 0 (B. rotundifolia, Heyne in Herb. Rottler). Sepals pubescent, ciliate ; 2 outer in flower 5 by 2 in. often lanceolate, in fruit sometimes 2 in., oblong, obtuse, scarious, nervose, glabrate; 2 inner small. Corolla 1 in., purple blueish rose or white. Capsule 2 in., 4-seeded.—Separable from the following by the much narrower entire outer sepals. The variation in the length of the pedicel is remarkable, but there appears to be only one species here. 5. B. mysorensis, Roth Nov. Sp. 313; leaves broadly elliptic obtuse mucronate hairy, flowers axillary sessile, 2 outer sepals large ovate sub- spinose denticulate softly hairy. Heyne in Herb. Rotiler. B. buxifolia, Wall. Cat. 2504, sheets A and B partly, not of Linn. B. spina-ceylanica, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 242; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 490. B. bispinosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 94, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 241, not of Vahl. Dicranacanthus spina-ceylanica, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 136. S. DEccaN PEninsuLa with Crrton, alt. 0O-4000 ft. ; Rottler, Wight, Thwaites, &e. A very prickly small shrub; branches hairy. Zeaves 4-1 in., hairy beneath, deciduously scabrid pubescent above ; petiole hardly any. Bracteoles simple spines. Outer sepals $-1 by 3 in., broadest very near the base; in fruit scarious, nerved. Corolla 13 in., purple. Capsule $ in., 4-seeded——Nees reduced B. mysorensis, Heyne, to B. noctiflora, but both Heyne’s examples and Roth’s description show it to have been this. 6. B. noctiflora, Linn. f. Suppl. 290; leaves oblong or narrowly obovate mucronate pubescent afterwards glabrate, flowers axillary solitary, 2 outer sepals large ovate acute spinous-dentate sparsely pubescent, corolla- tube elongate narrowly cylindric. Heyne in Herb. Rottler; Wall. Cat. 2496; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 240, excl. syn. Roth; 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 490 (by typog. error B. noctifolia). B. cristata, Lamk. Dict. i. 380, not of Linn. Barleria- canthus noctiflora, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 136. NILeHEERY Mrs., alt. 7500 ft.; Ootacamund, Wight. CryLon; Rottler. A small, very prickly undershrub ; branches pubescent upwards. Leaves 3 by 2 in., obtuse or acute, grey pubescent at first; petiole hardly any. Bracteoles 4-{ in., with simple spines or denticulate near the base. Sepals soon scarious, glabrate, nervose; 2 outer $ by }- in. Corollu-tube 13 by } in., pubescent without; lobes 3 in., round-ovate. Capsule 3 in., 4-seeded. 7. B. acanthoides, Vail Symb. i. 47; leaves obovate or elliptic obtuse mucronate pubescent, flowers solitary or in dense 1-sided spikes, 2 outer sepals ovate subentire pubescent, corolla-tube very long sublinear. Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 240; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 490 (excl. syn. B. candida); Boiss. Fl. Orient. iv.524. Barleriacanthus acanthoides, erst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 136. re ScrinpE ; Stocks. Punsas; Kirana Hill, Edgeworth.—Distrr. Arabia, N.E. Tica. A small, hoary, prickly undershrub; prickles often pinnatifid near the base. Leaves 13 by } in., base attenuated; petiole 0-2 in. Bracteoles linear or linear- lanceolate, spine-tipped, rigid, often denticulate. Sepals soon scarious, glabrate, nervose; 2 outer } by } in., acute, mucronate, scarcely denticulate. Corolla piel: ; ae 24 by 3-4 in. puberulous without; lobes J in., ovate. Capsule 2 in.. seeded, Barleria.| clx. acantHaces. (C. B. Clarke.) 485 +t Unarmed. 8. B. longiflora, Linn. f. Suppl. 239; pubescent, leaves petioled ovate, flowers in short dense few-fld. spikes or solitary, bracteoles very long linear laxly patent, corolla-tube very long linear pubescent without. Vahl Symb. i. 46, t. 16; Gaertn. Fruct. i, 258, t. 54; Wall. Cat. 2501; Roxb, Fi. Ind, tii. 40; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 93, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 235. B. longifolia, ZT. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 491, by typog. error not oer Barleriosiphon dongiflorus, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 8. Duccan Peninsuna ; Rottler, &c.; Tinnevelly, Beddome. A shrub, 2-4 ft. eaves 13 by 1 in., subacute, base rounded, entire; petiole 4-4 in. Spikes mostly 1-4-fid.; bracteoles }—1 by || in., softly pubescent. Sepals pubescent, afterwards scarious, glabrate, nervose ; 2 outer 3-1 by } in., ovate, entire. Corolla-tube 2-3 by 4 in.; lobes }-4 in., ovate. Capsule % in., 4-seeded. 9. B. tomentosa, Roth “Nov. Sp. 314; leaves elliptic or ovate acumi- nate at both ends yellow-hirsute above, bracteoles linear or linear-spathulate, sepals oblong acute young scarious coloured, corolla 2-23 in. glabrous. Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 92, andin DC. Prodr, ix. 233; T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 451. B. paniculata, Wall. Cat.2407; Nees in Wall. Pi. As. Rar. iti. 92, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 233. 8. Deccan Peninsuta; Bottler, &ec. A low shrub; branches hirsute. Leaves 24 by 1 in., yellow-hirsute on the nerves beneath, more or less so on the surface; petiole } in. Racemes mostly 1-3-fid.; bracteoles 1-2 in. Calyzx scarious, purple-veined before the flower expands; 2 outer segments 4 1n., broadly oblong, entire, 2 inner 2 in.; elongated in fruit. Corolla rose (Beddome) ; tube 2 in., linear-cylindric, upper 4 in., funnel-shaped ; lobes 3 in., elliptic. Capsule 2 in., 4-seeded, occasionally the 2 lower seeds suppressed. VAR. acuminata; leaves densely pubescent subtomentose rounded or subcordate at the base, petiole lin. B. acuminata, Wight Ic. t. 450; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 93, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 234. B. tomentosa, Wall. Cat. 2503. B. racemosa, Heyne in Herb. Rotiler.—S. Deccan Peninsula; Nilgherries, Anamallays, Madura, &e., Rotiler, Wight, &c.—Easily distinguished from B. tomentosa, but differs only in the shape of the leaves and indumentum ; the corolla is somewhat smaller. 10. B. involucrata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 92, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 282; leaves elliptic narrow at both ends yellow-strigose on the nerves beneath, racemes few-fld. axillary, bracteoles lanceolate or linear much shorter than the sepals, sepals 1 in. elongate elliptic, corolla 2 in. blue. Wight Ill. t. 164; T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 492. B. pentandra, Arn.; Nees in DC. Prodr. xi, 232; T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 230, partly. B. Macraei, Arn. ms. - CEYLON, in the hills; Macrae, Gardner, &c. Mawapar (var. elata). Herbaceous, strigose. Leaves 44 by 13 in., sparsely yellow strigillose above; petiole } in. Racemes yellow-strigose ; bracteoles 4 by } in. (in Nees’ type), 4 by 4; in. (in Arnott’s B. pentandra). Sepals subacute. Corotla-tube 14 in.; lobes 1} in., obovate-elliptic. Capsule nearly 1 in., 4-seeded.—Nees has confounded the Ceylon and Nilgiri varieties of this species ; his description of B. involucrata is founded on Wight’s n. 1958 from Ceylon, and he says the bracteoles are 4 lines long; he then places under this the Malabar specimens, which do not suit the description, and which all belong to his B. terminalis (see B. strigosa, var.), The Ceylon specimens are very uniform, drying black, and having'the racemes mainly axillary. The bracteoles are in well-developed specimens much longer than in the poor pieces Nees and Arnott had, but still much shorter than in B. elata. Wight’s n. 1958 has the bracteoles unusually broad and obtuse. 486 crx. acantuavez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Barleria. Var. elata; leaves larger lower often a foot long, racemes stout helicoid often collected towards the ends of the branches, bracteoles often 1-14 in., linear-lanceolate, corolla 3-34 in. B. elata, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iii. 227» Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fil. 189. B. coerulea, Wall. Cat. 2509, sheet 8, partly.—Malabar, alt. 2-5000 ft., from the Bombay Ghauts to the Pulneys and Anemallays, frequent; Gardner, &e.— Shrubby, 6 ft. high (Dalzell). In Wight’s Nilgherry examples, the corolla-tube is 12 in., the upper 2 whereof is considerably inflated; the lobes are 13 by 3 in., obovate, obtuse ; the racemes form dense sub-leufless short terminal panicles. ll. B. vestita, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 230, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 492; leaves elliptic or somewhat obovate acuminate at both ends fulvous-shaggy on both surfaces, racemes lax, bracteoles linear-lan- ceolate, outer sepals elliptic elongate-acuminate, corolla 3in. Bedd. Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 263. B. pentandra, Var. 8, Nees in DC. Prodr, xi. 233. CEYLON, alt. 5000 ft.; Walker, Thwaites. Herbaceous; stems stout, hirsute. Leaves 7 by 3 in.; nerves 12-15 pair, con- spicuous; petiole 4-3 in. Racemes on peduncles 3 in., i.e. the leaves at their base 3 in., linear-lanceolate, scarcely larger than the other bracts; lower flowers 1 in. or more apart. Calyx and corolla exactly as of B. involucrata, of which Nees considered it a var. ** Bracteoles 2, opposite, close to the calyx or above the bract at the base of the pedicel, narrow, much smaller than the 2 outer sepals. 12. B. pilosa, Wail. Cat. 2502; softly hairy, leaves ovate acuminate, flowers axillary solitary, outer sepals ovate or orbicular scarious dentate, corolla 1$ in. blue. eyne in ort, Rottler; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii. 98, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 234; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 491; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 256. S. Deccan PENINSULA, alt. 1000-1500 ft.; Courtallum, Rotiler, Wight ; Coim- batore, Beddome. A small, ramous shrub. eaves 4 by 2 in., often much smaller on the lateral flower-bearing branchlets, sometimes obscurely denticulate; petiole 2 in. Pedicels Lin.; bracteoles }-4 in., linear, subdenticulate, hairy, above the base of the pedicel. Sepals hairy, ultimately glabrate, nervose; 2 outer 4-4 in. diam., subspinosely toothed. Corolla glabrous; tube nearly 1 in.; lobes 4-4 in., broadly elliptic. Capsule } in., 4-seeded ; seeds shaggy, the hair finally rubbing off except near the hilum, 13. B. Lawii, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 492; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends lineolate above fulvous-strigose on the nerves beneath, racemes short capitate, bracts and bracteoles small linear, outer sepals 1 in. elliptic acute entire, corolla 3-3} in. minutely pilose without. B. Beddomei, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 258.—Barleria sp. n. 33, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T. W. Deccan Peninsuta, in the Ghauts ; Bababoodun Hills, Law (T. Anderson). An erect shrub ; branches strigose upwards. Leaves 6 by 24 in.; petiole -! in. Racemes fulvous-strigose ; bracts 4 in., linear-spathulate ; bracteoles nearly as long, linear, acute. Sepals nervose, strigose without ; 2 outer 3+] in. broad, one of these shortly 2-toothed. Corolla white (Dalzell), beautifully veined when dry, noted blue in Wight’s Herbarium; tube elongate funnel-shaped, lobes 1 in., obovate. Capsule nearly 1 in., oblong or slightly obovate, 4-seeded ; fruiting-sepals somewhat enlarged. 14, B. Arnottiana, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 232; leaves elliptic acu- minate at both ends hairy, pedicels axillary solitary, bracteoles lanceolate, Barleria.] crx. acanTHacea. (C. B. Clarke.) 487 outer sepals my ovate subobtuse, corolla 23'in. TZ. Anders. in Journ. Lunn. Soe. ix. 492. CzYLon, alt. 6000 ft.; Gardner, Thwaites, &c. Herbaceous ; stems fulvous-strigose. Leaves 4 by 1} in., with scattered yellow hairs above, obscurely Jineolate, beneath yellow-strigose especially on the nerves; petiole 3-lin. Bracteoles 3-3 in., lanceolate or elliptic spathulate or 0. Outer sepals 1} by 4 in., yellow-strigose, obtuse, one shortly bifid. Corolla blue; tube 1) in., lobes 1 in., obovate, subemarginate. Capsule 1 in., broadly oblong, 4-seeded ; sepals enlarged, scarious, nerved in fruit. Var. pentandra; leaves thinner glabrescent conspicuously lineolate above, bracteoles { in., linear-setaceous, outer sepals elliptic elongate acute nearly glabrous. B. pentandra, Arn. ; 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 230 partly, excl. syn.—Ceylon, Thwaites (C. P. n. 2558). Var. Beddomei; leaves elliptic acute at both ends bristly pubescent on both surfaces, flowers solitary axillary, sepals large ovate acute nervose bristly-pubescent.— Tenasserim ; Mooleyit slopes, Beddome.—Herbaceous; stems fulyous-pubescent or substrigose. Leaves 3-4 by 14 in., not acuminate, petiole 4 in. Pedicel } in.; bracteoles 3-4 in., linear, rigid, bristly-pubescent. Outer sepals nearly 1 by } in., one of them very shortly bifid at the tip. Corolla 23 in., beautifully veined when dry, altogether as of B. Arnottiana. Capsule 2 in., narrowly ellipsoid, rigid. Seeds more than } in. diam., obovate-truncate, compressed, rugose-silky.— Possibly a new species; close to B. Arnottiana. 15. B. sepalosa, Clarke; hairy, leaves elliptic acute, racemes axillary 1-3 fid., bracteoles narrowly lanceolate, outer sepals very large broadly elliptic acute.—Barleria sp. n. 35, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Concan ; Gibson. Shrubby ; stems upward villous, subtomentose. Upper leaves 34 by 1} in., base shortly narrowed, covered with short yellow hairs on both surfaces, somewhat rigid, ‘strongly reticulated beneath; petiole } in, Bracteoles 3 by 2 in., rigid, acute. Outer sepals 12 by $ in., oue bifid, base rounded, yellow-villous, subtomentose, in fruit nervose, subsearious. Capsule 3-lin. Corolla not seen. 16. B. montana, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 92, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 232; nearly glabrous, leaves narrowly ovate acuminate at both .ends, flowers axillary solitary and running into terminal spikes, outer sepals large ovate, corolla 2 in., seeds densely silky. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 189; ZT. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 493; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 257. B. purpurea, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 344. RuelliaP montana, Wall. Cat. 2391. —Barleria sp. n. 32, Herb. Ind. Or. H.f. & T. W. Deccan PENINSULA, in the Ghauts frequent ; from Jubbulpore to Travancore. Herbaceous, erect, 2 ft. high. Leaves 5 by 2 in., often glaucous, margins some- times minutely scabrous; petiole 3-1 in. Bracteoles linear, 2 in. or in large examples lin. Outer sepals 14 by 2 in. in large examples, otten hardly half so large, rounded or very acute, entire, glabrous or minutely scabrous. Corolla blue (Beddome), rose (Dalzell) ; lobes 3 in. diam., orbicular. Capsule 1 in., 4-seeded. Seeds 4 in. diam. or more, close covered with wavy silky yellowish hair, as in many other species. 17. B. Gibsoni, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 339; nearly glabrous, leaves ovate acute, flowers axillary solitary and running into terminal spikes, outer sepals large ovate, corolla 2-25 in., seeds glabrous. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 189; 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 493. B. mon- tana, Wight & Nees partly; Herb. Ind. Or. Hf. & T. n. 34, W. Deccan Peninsuxa ; Concan, Stocks; Ellora Hill, Ralph; Belgaum, Ritchie ; Bombay Ghauts and Brahminwara Range, Dalzell; N. Canara, Brandis. So exceedingly like B. montana, except as to the seeds, that it has been mixed 488 crx. acantHacez. (C. B. Clarke.) [Barleria. therewith from Wight’s day. Lower leaves often very large and very glaucous. Ter. minal spzke more closely imbricated than in B. montana ; flowers rather larger, corolla- lobes often lin. Capsule 2 in., 4-seeded. Seeds } in. diam., when ripe nearly black; always glabrous, and so differing from all other Barlerias. 18. B. grandiflora, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 339; nearly glabrous, leaves elliptic narrowed at both ends, flowers solitary axillary, outer sepals very large broadly elliptic acute, corolla 4in. white. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 189; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 493. Concan; Stocks; Mangellee Ghaut, Daizell. Herbaceous ; innovations shortly minutely pubescent. Leaves 5 by 2 in., often glaucous; petiole 3 in., pubescent. Bracteoles 4-2 in., linear-ligulate. Outer sepals 2 by 1 in., entire, herbaceous, pubescent within. Corolla minutely pubescent without; lobes 1} in. Capsule not seen.—Closely allied to B. Gibsoni. 19. B. cristata, Linn.; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 262; leaves oblong or elliptic acute yellow-hairy beneath, spikes capitate, outer sepals ovate- acuminate or lanceolate toothed nervose, corolla 14 in. purple-blue or white. Burm. Fl. Ind. 136; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iti. 37; Wall. Cat. 2506; Don Prodr. 119; Roth Nov. Sp. 315; Nees in Wall. Pl, As. Rar. ii. 92, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 229; Bot. Mag. t. 1615; Wight Ic.t. 458; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. F1.188; T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 230, and in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 490 B. dichotoma, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 39; Wall. Cat. 2508; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 91, and in DC. 1. ¢. 227; Dalz. & Gibs. 1. c. 188. B. ciliata, Roxb. l. ce. 38; Wall. Cat. 2507; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 92, and in DC. 1. c. 228. B. napalensis & nuda, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 91, 92, and in DC. Z. ce. 228, 229. B. laciniata, Wall. Cat. 7144, and Nees Ul. ec. SuprropicaL Inp1a; N.W. Himalaya, Sikkim, Khasia, Burma, Central India, Nilgherries, common. —Drsrris. Gardens of India, Malaya, China, &c. An erect or diffuse undershrub ; branches adpressedly yellow-hairy. Leaves 3-4 by 1 in., or, where burnt up, 1 by 4 in., yellow-hairy or lineolate above ; petiole 44 in. Spikes ovate, often compound, dense; bracteoles }-2 in., linear-lanceolate, toothed. Outer sepals 3 in., toothed, softly hairy, glabrous, subspinescent. Corolla-tube funnel-shaped in the upper half; lobes } in., ovate. Capsule 4 in., 4-seeded. Seeds orbicular, compressed, silky.— Uniform except as to habit and indumentum. The common Sikkim form has erect stems, leaves 4 in. long, glabrate lineolate above, outer sepals subspinous-ciliate; a common Khasia form is similar, but has the sepals very sparingly toothed ; the West Himalaya form (B. napalensis var. microphylla, Nees) has leaves hardly an inch long and many solitary flowers ; B. salicifolia, Heyne, has a diffuse weedy habit, linear-oblong leaves and much yellow hair; the South Indian plant, on hotter drier rocks, has often smaller more rigid very hairy leaves, and very hairy sepals. There can be, as T. Anderson states, no doubt that this plant is wild everywhere in the lower hills of N.E. and Central India; and no doubt in the Mts. of S. India also. 20. B. nutans, Wees in DC. Prodr. xi. 227; leaves narrowly obovate attenuately acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes elongate pubescent, bracts and bracteoles small lanceolate, sepals lanceolate minutely pubescent, corolla 1 in. blueish purple. TZ. Anders. in Thwaites Enum, 230, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 4938; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 264, Cry on, alt. 1-3000 ft.; Gardner, Champion, &e. An undershrub. Leaves 8 by 1% in., lineolate above; petiole 3-1} in. Spikes 1-5 in., often nodding, dense with flowers; bracts and bracteoles 3-} in. Outer sepals nearly } in., nervose, one divided } the way down into 2 narrow-lanceolate teeth. Corolla nearly glabrous, deep blue-purple ; tube funnel-shaped upwards ; lobes } in., ovate. Capsude {-1 in., 4-seeded. Seeds 3 in. diam., silky. Barleria.] cix. acantHacesz. (C. B. Clarke.) 489 21. B. courtallica, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 226; leaves narrowly obovate or elliptic attenuately acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes elongate pubescent, bracts and bracteoles small linear-lanceolate, sepals elliptic acuminate very pubescent, corolla 14-2 in. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fi. 188; Wight Te. t. 1529; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 493. B. inequalis, Benth. in Flora 1849, 577. W. Drooan Pentnsua; from the Concan to Courtallum, Wight, &e. A large shrub (Wight). Spikes 1-3 in., dense; bracts 3 in.; bracteoles 1-4 in. Outer sepals % by } in., nervose, subcorolloid, much more pubescent than in B. nutans. Corolla blue and yellow (Dalzell), white (Ritchie). Capsule and seeds as in # nutans.—Closely allied to B. nutans, differing in the broader sepals and larger lowers, mi Bracteoles 2, lanceolate or elliptic, often nearly as long as the calyx, 22. B. conspicua, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 92, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 226; leaves elongate-oblong acuminate at both ends, spikes linear- oblong somewhat yellow-strigose, bracteoles linear-oblong as long as the calyx, corolla 1 in. ZT Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 493. Justicia conspicua, Wall. Cat. 2460. Prenane; Wallich. Leaves 8 by 2 in., lineolate above, somewhat yellow-strigose on the nerves beneath ; petiole $ in. Spikes 4 in., terminal, erect, somewhat lax; bracts 2 by 4 in., spathu- late-oblong ; bracteoles $ by 3 in. Outer sepals 2 in., lanceolate, acute, yellow-hairy, one bifid at the apex. Capsule 3 in., narrowly ellipsoid, acute at both ends, glabrate, 4-seeded. Seeds ultimately nearly glabrous except near the base. 23. B. Stocksii, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 498; leaves subsessile elliptic acute shining nearly glabrous, flowers solitary axillary, ose Si narrowly oblong hispid-ciliate as long as the calyx, capsule -seeded. Bompay; Bababoodun Hills, Stocks. A small undershrub; branches erect, sparsely hispid. Leaves 21 by 1 in., base rounded, glabrous or slightly hispid-ciliate; petiole O0-} in. Bracteoles 1 by } in., subobtuse. Sepals 1 in., subentire, hispid-ciliate, 2 outer lanceolate, one bifid 5 the way down into narrow lanceolate segments. Corolla not seen. Capsule 3 in, shortly obovoid compressed rostrate. Seeds nearly } in. diam., silky, occupying the middle of the capsule—T. Anderson, from the habit and leaves of this plant, evidently considered it allied to B. montana. The capsule is narrowed towards the base, or it might be arranged in the section Prionitis. It is really a very marked species, almost worthy a sectioa to itself. 24, B. strigosa, Willd. Sp. Pl. iii. 379; leaves large ovate acute long-decurrent on the petiole glabrate above, spikes dense many-fid. 1-sided, bracteoles oblong or elliptic shorter than the calyx, outer sepals ovate ciliate- denticulate minutely strigose, corolla 13-2 in. blue. Heynein Herb. Rottler. B. cxwrulea, Roxb. ie. Beng. 45, and Fl. Ind. iii. 39; Wall. Cat. 2509; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 91, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 226; T, Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soc. ix. 491. B. macrophylla, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. Pseudobarleria czorulea, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 135. BEn@at, in the lower hills, alt. 0-4000 ft., common; Onissa, Coota NaGPore, Srxxim, Assam.—DristR1B. Much cultivated in India and Malaya, Shrubby, 2-4 ft.; branches fulvous-strigose upwards. Leaves 5} by 2} in. (some- times twice as large), widest towards the base, lineolate above, fulvous-strigose on the nerves beneath ; petiole }-1 in., or 0, i.e. subalate by: the much decurrent leaf-base. 490 crx. acantaacez. (C. B. Clarke.) {Barleria. Spikes 1-3 in., very dense, often glomerate, always secund, the sepals densely imbri- cated, the bracteoles appearing patent or reflexed on one side; bracteoles 3-3 in., lanceolate or subovate. Outer sepals 1 in., sometimes more, nervose. Corolla funnel-shaped in the upper half of the tube; lobes 3 in., ovate. Capsule 3 in., 4-seeded ; seeds silky. Var. polystachya; leaves very large fulvous-hirsute above somewhat glaucescent beneath, spikes densely agglomerated yellow-hirsute. B. polystachya, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 226.—Concan ; Stocks. Van. terminalis; leaves thinly fulvous-hirsute above, spikes substrobilate not or very obscurely 1-sided, outer sepals more softly hairy often obtuse. B. terminalis, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 225; Dalz & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 188.—Concan ; Jacquemont, &c. Belgaum; Ritchie.—This may be a distinct species, as Dalzell considers ; but T. Anderson does not deem it worth notice as a var. 25. B. polytricha, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 72, t. 82, and Cat. 7143; leaves large oblong attenuate at both ends hirsute above, spikes dense many-fd. 1-sided, bracteoles oblong or elliptic somewhat shorter than the calyx, outer sepals ovate ciliate-denticulate hirsute, corolla 14-2 in. blue. Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 91, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 225; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 491. B. cerulea, Wall. Cat. 2509, letter K only. B. hirsuta, Wall. Cat. 7142; Nees ll. c. Pseudobarleria polytricha, Oerst. in Vidensk. Meddel. Kjob. 1854, 135. Currracone, Peau and Tenasseriu ; Wallich, &c., frequent.—DisTRIB. Ava. Leaves 6 by 12 in., base gradually cuneately attenuated, hairs long on the upper surface ; otherwise altogether as B. strigosa. Var. polystachya has the leaves suddenly narrowed to the subalate petiole. B. hirsuta is a young state, having the heads substrobiliform, not (or very obscurely) 1-sided ; probably always more or less 1-sided in fruit. 26. B. nitida, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 91, and in DC. Prodr. x. 224; leaves ovate or elliptic shortly acuminate at both ends lineolate nearly glabrous above, spikes dense 1-sided, bracteoles elliptic or subovate nearly as long as the calyx, outer sepals ovate strongly ciliate-denticulate shining sparsely hispidulous not strigose, corolla 13 im. blue. Wight Ic. t. 454; T Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 491. B. caerulea, Wall. Cat. 2509, letter H only. B. bracteata, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. Hills of S. Deccan Prentnsuta; Rottler; Courtallum, Wight; Nilghiries. Foulkes ; Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. Leaves 13-2 in, Outer sepals shining, with scattered yellow hairs, but no strigose pubescence on the nerves without ; otherwise as B. strigosa, from which T. Anderson admits it to be specifically distinct. The Simla plant referred to this species by Nees is B. strigosa, with (as usual in the N.W. Himalaya) smaller leaves than in the Sikkim Terai form. XXIII. NEUVRACANTHUS, Wees. Perennials ; _ flowering stems erect, annual. eaves entire. Flowers small, blue, spicate; spikes axillary or terminal, elongate strobilate or dense capitate; bracts ovate, membranous or coriaceous; bracteoles 0 or minute. Calyx 2-partite; posterior segment 3-toothed, anterior 2-toothed or 2-partite. Corolla tubular, upper half wide-funnel-shaped ; limb sub- entire or obscurely lobed, plicate. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anterior anthers 2-lobed, posterior 1-lobed (second lobe rudimentary); lobes ovoid, distinct, sometimes hairy. Style at the apex 2-branched, 1 branch linear-lanceolate, the other obsolete; ovary 4-ovulate. Capsule oblong, glabrous, 4-seeded. Seeds much compressed, ovate, densely inelastically silky.—Species 6, the 5 following and a tropical African one. Neuracanthus.] ix. acantuaces. (C. B. Clarke.) 49] Lepidagathis differs by the authers all 2-celled, the stigma subequally minutely 2-lobed, and the presence of bracteoles. N. subuninervius, Kurz, has been removed to Lepidagathis. a * Spikes axillary, elongate, bracts sub-4-ranked. 1. N. trinervius, Wight Ic. t. 1532; leaves sessile elliptic cuneate at both ends nearly glabrous, bracts ovate or obovate spinous-mucronate 5- nerved, calyx-segments linear-lanceolate long-ciliate. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 190; &. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 494. Concan; in the Ghauts, Law, Dalzell, &.; Salsette, Herb. Wight. Stems 1-3 ft., glabrous except at the tips. Leaves 44 by 12 in., lineolate above, sometimes minutely setose. Spikes 1-5 in., hairy; bracts 4 by 2in. Calyax 4} in.; segments divided about half-way down; cilia 3 in., rising trom minute glistening tubercles. Corolla } in., blue, nearly glabrous without, 2-lipped ; segments 5, sub- similar, obtusely triangular, plicate in bud, tips tufted. Capsule } in. Seeds yy in. 2. N. tetragonostachyus, Nees in Wall.. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 97, and Cat. 7168, and in DC. Prodr. xi, 248; leaves short-petioled elliptic or obovate-lanceolate attenuate at both ends thinly pubescent or glabrous, bracts elliptic spinous-mucronate 5-nerved, calyx-segments linear-lanceolate long-ciliate. 7! Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 494. Pzeu; Prome Hills, Wallich; Rangoon, M‘Lelland; Moulmein, Parish. Hardly differs from WV. trinervius except in the greater attenuation of the leaves at both ends. Flowers blue (Parish). 3. N. grandiflorus, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1873, pt. ii. 95; leaves small obovate or oblong subobtuse nearly glabrous, bracts ovate-lanceolate rigid 5-nerved, calyx-segments lanceolate long-ciliate. Prev ; Prome, Kurz. Leaves 1% by 3 in., not lineolate, minute scabrid-pubescent (in Kurz’s specimen) ; petiole obsolete. Corolla }in., or rather more, blue.—Exceedingly near WV. tetragono- stachyus, but has much smaller leaves, and larger flowers. Neuracanthus sp. (Kew Distrib. n. 6144), collected by Griffith in Hookhoom Valley, Upper Burma, is perhaps a variety, but has the leaves closely pubescent beneath, ** Spikes axillary, densely capitate, bracts not 4-ranked. 4, N. spherostachyus, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 140; leaves subsessile elliptic nearly glabrous, bracts ovate softly white-hairy, calyx- segments lanceolate or subovate subobtuse. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 190; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 885. N. Lawii, Wight Ic. t. 1531; ZT. Anders. in Journ. ao Soc. ix. 494, Lepidagathis spherostachya, Nees in DO. Prodr. xi. 4, Conoan ; Dailzell, &c. ; common in Bombay Island. Stems 1-2 ft. Leaves 43 by 2 in., obtuse or subacute, lineolate above; petiole scarcely 4 in, Spikes 1-2 in., sometimes agglomerated into axillary globes 3-4 in. diam. ; bracts 4 in., purplish. Calyx } in., one lobe shortly 3-toothed, the other deeply 2-fid. Corolla 3 in.; limb a fine blue, obconic, subentire, plicate ; lower lip of 3 very depressed triangular lobes, upper an emarginate subsimilar lube. Anthers pubescent. -Cupsule % in., 4-seeded. Seeds } in. diam.—The plant appears rarely to seed, as Dalzell notes. *** Snikes terminal, oblong. 5. N. Neesianus, Clarke; hoary silky subtomentose, leaves sessile 492 oix. acanTHaces. (C.B, Clarke.) [Newracanthus. ovate or broadly elliptic base cuneate. Lepidagathis Neesianus, Wight; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 499. Mapzras; Paloor (in Arcot) on black cotton-soil, Wight. Stems 12-18 in., procumbent, terete, softly hairy. Leaves 2 by 1 in., obtuse, entire, silky on both surfaces, young white-tomentose beneath. Spikes 2 by 3 in., dense; bracts 3 in., ovate, acute, obscurely 4-ranked; bracteoles small, subulate. Calyx 2-partite ; one segment 3-lobed less than half-way down, lobes lanceolate acute ; the other 2-lobed nearly to the base. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip ovate minutely bifid, lower 3-partite, lobes ovate mucronate. Stamens 4, included ; the upper anthers 2 with 2 divaricate cells, lower 1-celled; connective hairy. Capsule 3 in., oblong, 4-seeded. Seeds compressed, hairy.—Flowers or stamens described by T. Anderson, whose account of the stamens requires the species to be transferred from Lepidagathis to Neuracanthus, as does also the structure of the calyx, which is erroneously given by T. Anderson. Wight has written on his original ticket “ Paloor, in black cotton soil,” which T. Anderson has taken to be Palamcottah (near Tinne- velly), where it is believed there is no black cotton-soil. XXIV. CROSSANDRA, Sailisb. Undershrubs. eaves entire or undulate, subdentate. Spikes linear- oblong; bracts imbricate; bracteoles linear ; flowers sessile, yellow. Sepals 5, ovate, acute, 2 inner much smaller. Corolla-tube linear, incurved; limb on one side of 5 subequal, elliptic lobes, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers I-celled, muticous; connective mucronate. Style minutely 2-lobed at the tip; ovary 4-ovulate. Capsule oblong, acute, 4- seeded. Seeds compressed, orbicular, adpressedly scaly ; scales of numerous hairs coalescing nearly to their tips, which are seen imperfectly free when moistened.—Species 5; 1 in India, 4 in Tropical Africa or Mada- gascar. C. undulefolia, Salish. Par. Lond. t. 12; leaves ovate or lanceo- late narrowed at both ends, spikes sessile or peduncled pubescent. Bot. Reg. t.69; Bot. Mag. t. 2186. C. axillaris, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 281; Wight Ill. t. 164 b, fig. 7, and Ic. t. 460; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 193. C.infundibuliformis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 98, and in DC. 1. c. 280; Wight Ic. t. 461; TP. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 494. CO. oppositifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 98, and. in DC. 1. e. 281. C. coccinea, Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. Suppl. 71. Justicia infundibuliformis, Linn.; Burm. Fl. Ind. 7. Harrachia speciosa, Jacg. Eel. 33, t. 21; Blume Bijd. 793. Ruellia infundibuliformis, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 41; Wall. Cat. 2364.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 62. Deccan PentnsvLa and Cryiton.—Disrriz. Cult. in N. India, the Malay Peninsula and Islands. Stems 1-3 ft., pubescent upwards. Leaves 4 by 1} in. (often much smaller), glabrous or pubescent beneath; petiole }-1 in. Peduncles 0-5 in.; spikes 1-4 in.; bracts 4 by } in., elliptic, acute ; bracteoles 4 in. Sepals much imbricated, outer 4 in., rigid, subscarious. Corolla glabrous; tube 3 by }; in.; lobes } by 3 in. Capsule 3 in., glabrous.—Wallich’s and Griffith’s Nepal and Sikkim specimens, treated as wild by Nees and T. Anderson, are no doubt cultivated ones. XXV. ASYSTASIA, Blume. . Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves entire. Spikes or racemes lax or dense, “simple or compound, 1-sided or suberect; bracts and bracteoles linear, shorter than the calyx (except in A. Lawiana); flowers opposite or alter- Asystasia. | cIx. acaANTHACEE. (C. B. Clarke.) 493 nate, usually solitary, blue purple rose or yellow. Sepalsnarrow. Corolla- tube short or re funnel-shaped ventricose or narrow; lobes 5, subequal, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, all perfect, didynamous, subequal; anthers oblong, cells parallel, approximate, base minutely spurred or submuticous, the points only obscurely whitened. Ovary 4-ovulate, very hairy ; stigma minutely bifid or subcapitate. Capsule elliptic, 4-seeded, base contracted solid. Seeds compressed, orbicular or irregularly angular, rugose or tuber- cular, glabrous.—Species 15, Tropical Asiatic and 8. African. The species having only 2 fertile stamens are transferred to Eranthemum, and those with large bracts to Lepidagathis. It might be better to sink Asystasia in Eranthemum, for many of the species have a long narrow corolla-tube as in Eranthe- mum, and the character of the stamens appears of rather less value than in separat- ing Hemiadelphis from Hygrophila. * Corolla tubular-ventricose, about 3-14 in. long. 1, A. intrusa, Blume Bid. 796, not of Nees; leaves ovate or ellliptic acuminate puberulous above, calyx subsessile glabrous or minutely ciliate, corolla 3-1 in. tube exceedingly slender. A. Blumei, Mees in DC. Prodr. xi. 167. A.nemorum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 90, as to descr. and Malay material. SinaaporE ; Schomburgk.—DistRiB. Java. Stems 1 foot, dichotomous, slender, nearly glabrous. Leaves 2 by 3 in., base cuneate or rhomboid, undulate, subcrenate, dotted with most minute hairs above, glabrous beneath ; nerves 5-6 pair; petiole 4 in. Spikes 1-2 in., slender ; flowers mostly opposite; bracts scarcely J, in.; lowest pedicels subobsolete. Calyx 2 in.; segments linear-lanceolate, glabrous on the back. Corolla glabrous; tube hardly ty in. diam. ; limb hardly 3 in. in expanse. Stamens 4, nearly equal. Style nearly glabrous; stigma subcapitate. Capsule } in., 4-seeded, minutely hairy.—This differs from A. coromandeliana (and its allies) in the very slender corolla; the tube is widened only near its apex, and is there scarcely 2 in. broad. 2, A. coromandeliana, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 165; grey puberulous, leaves ovate acute some rounded or suddenly narrowed at base, lower pedicels manifest, corolla 1-14 in. inflated part of the tube much longer than its cylindric base. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fil. 186. A. plumbaginea, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, andin DC. Prodr. xi. 164, A. gangetica, ZT. Anders. in Thwaites Enum, 235. A. violacea, Bot. Mag. t. 5882. Justicia Gangetica, Linn. Amen. Acad. iv. 299. J. plumbaginea, Wall. Cat. 2487. Ruellia secunda, Vahl Symb. iii. 84; Wall. Cat. 2401. R. Digitalis, Koen.; Spreng. Syst. ii. 825; Nees l. e. xi. 153. BR. zeylanica, Koen.; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 42. BR. Coromandeliana, Wall. Cat. 2399, partly.—Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 45. Deccan Peninsuya and CeyLon, common.—DistRis. Malaya, Africa, Arabia, A procumbent, perennial weed, 1-2 ft., usually dusky pubescent. Leaves 1-1} in., lower mostly subcordate, base rounded or suddenly narrowed; nerves 5-6 pair; petioled in. Racemes 2-5 in., lax; lower pedicels often attaining 2 in.; bract and bracteoles at the base of the pedicel, about j,in. Sepals } in., linear-lanceolate, puberulous or pubescent on the back. . Corolla pubescent; tube yellow, limb pink or pale purple, usually dull or lurid, sometimes yellow altogether. Filaments with few small hairs, Style glabrous except near the base. Capsule 1 in., pubescent; solid cylindric compressed base 4 in. Seeds } in. diam., much compressed, ovoid angular wrinkled or subtubercular glabrous. 3. A. chelonoides, Nees in Wail. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 89, and in DC, Prodr. xi. 164; leaves elliptic narrowed at both ends minutely hairy or 494 crx. acanTHacesz. (C. B. Clarke.) [ Asystasia. glabrate, racemes compound many-fid., lower pedicels longer than the pubescent calyx, corolla 3-3 in. purple. Z. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 236. Creyton; Walker, Thwaites, &e. TRAVANCORE and TINNEVELLY HIttis; Beddome (wild).—DistTRI18. Cultivated in S. India and Malabar. Leaves 53 by 1$ in., lower all cuneate or acuminate at the base, punctate or puberulous or with scattered hairs (without the dull grey pubescence of 4. coro- mandeliana) ; nerves G—-8 pair. Racemes usually panicled, often peduncled, some- times 50-60-fid.; lower pedicels 3) in. Capsule nearly of 4. coromandeliana,— Described from Nees’ type specimen marked A. chelonoides, Var. a, in Nees’ hand. It is the species with numerous small purple flowers much cultivated in S. India; and Col. Beddome believes it to be wild in S. Malabar, but there are no specimens except from Ceylon. Vak. amena ; more hairy, leaves hairy on both surfaces, sepals subhirsute, corolla as of A. chelonoides, type.—Arracan ; forests near Akyab, Kurz. Vaz. quadrangularis ; stem acutely quadrangular, leaves ovate or narrowly lan- ceolate glabrate, corolla small as of A. chelonoides, type. A. coromandeliana, Var. variabilis, Nees in DC Prodr. xi. 165. A. nemorum, Var. 8, J. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soc. ix. 525. Ruellia quadrangularis, Heyne in Herb. Rottler—Wynaad ; Rotiler. Anamallays; Bedd. Ceylon; Macrae, Thwaites.—Leaves very variable; in Macrae’s example 1 by § in., in Beddome’s 7 by 1 in., in Thwaites’ 2} by | in. 4. A. violacea, Dalz. ms., not in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 139; leaves large subovate lower narrowed at base, lower pedicels shorter than the hairy calyx, corolla 1}-13 in. fine blue. A. chelonoides, Nees in DC. Prodr. x. 164, Var. B only; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 525, chiefly. A.nemo- rum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 90, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 167 (except the Nilgiri material). A. coromandeliana, Bot. Mag. t. 4248. Rnuellia filiformis, Heyne in Herb. Rottler. R. coromandeliana, Wall. Cat. 2399, type sheet partly. W. Deccan Peninsvza, alt. 2-6000 ft., frequent; Rottler, &. Leaves often 6} by 2$ in., membranous, green, sparsely pubescent or glabrate. Calyx-segments nearly $ in., narrowly oblong, acute. Capsule 1-14 in.—Described from specimens named by himself, which are identical with Wight’s Herb. Propr. n. 1952. In his original description Dalzell says the flowers of A. violacea are about half as large as those of .1. coromandeliana, and the description appears to belong altogether to A. chelonoides, Nees’ type; but in Dalz. g& Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 186 the character of 4. violacea is at once shortened and widened. 5. A. crispata, Benth. in Linnea 1851, 647; leaves elliptic or oblong acuminate lower narrowed into the petiole repand crispately crenulate glabrate, lower pedicels shorter than the pubesceut calyx, corolla 1 in. white with rose or dark purple dots in the palate. 7 Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 526. A. nemorum, .Vees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 90, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 167, as to the Nilgiri material; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 524. A. coromandeliana, Wight Ic. t. 1506, not of Nees. Ruellia chelonoides, Wall. Cat. 2335 chiefly, not Asystasia chelonoides, Nees. Mrs. of S. Deccan PENINSULA, alt. 48000 ft.; Rottler, Wight, &c., common about Ooty. Leaves very variable in width, nearly always crisped subcrenulate ; upper often sessile, with base rounded. Flowers very constant in colour. Capsule as of A. coromandeliana.—This species (as also A. chelonoides) is so closely allied to A. coromandeliana that Col. Beddome says he can hardly distinguish them but by the colour of the flower. They sort out pretty well in the Herbarinm, and among the large non-Indian material there is nothing like 4. chelonoides or crispata. 6, A. travancorica, Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 178; leaves elongate- Asystasia. | cIx. AcANTHACER. (C. B. Clarke.) 495 lanceolate sparingly pubescent, lower pedicels often longer than the calyx, corolla 14-13 in. purple-violet (or in cultivation white). Teavancore, S, TINNEVELLY and ANAMALLAYS, alt. 3000 ft. ; Beddome. A large shrub, 6-8 ft. high ; branches pubescent upwards. Leaves 4-5 by 3-1} in., base cuneate or rhomboid; nerves 7-9 pair, very oblique; petiole 4-4 in. acemes 2-8 iv., pubescent ; lower pedicels sometimes 4 in. Capsule 1 in., nearly as of A. coromandeliana.—Closely allied to 4. coromandeliana, though the elongate oblique- nerved leaves give it a very different aspect. 7. A. macrocarpa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 163; pubescent, leaves oblong or elliptic narrowed at both ends, racemes dense or elongate very pubescent, corolla 1} in. dull pink, cylindric base of its tube much shorter than the ventricose part. Z. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 525. Ruellia macrocarpa, Wall. Cat. 2348.—Acanthacea, Griff. Itin. Notes, 106, n. 92, and Ic. Pl. As. t. 438. SuBTROPICAL Himaxaya, from Kumaon to Bhotan; in the Terai, alt. 1000 ft., and in the hotter valleys ascending to 4000 ft. A diffuse, rambling undershrub, 1-4 ft. Zeaves 44 by 13 in.; nerves 8 pair; petiole 4 in. Racemes usually condensed, 1-sided ; sometimes 3-4 in., erect, lax, with opposite flowers; lower pedicels 0-4 in.; bracts 4 in. Sepals 4 in, linear- lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla pubescent. Stamens 4, perfect; anther-cells dis- tinctly spurred at the base. Capsule 14 in., pubescent; cylindric base 3 in. Seeds 4 in. diam., much compressed, tubercular, rugose, glabrous. 8. A. lanceolata, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 524; leaves lanceolate acuminate glabrous, bracts lanceolate acute villous as long as the calyx, corolla 1 in. funnel-shaped constricted base of the tube short. Burma; Baragyn, Brandis (T. Anderson). An-erect, glabrous herb; stem terete, sparingly branched, internodeslong. Leaves 4-6 by 13 in., undulate; petiole short. Spzkes terminal, erect; bracts opposite, 2 in., subherbaceous, lax, decussate, somewhat remote; flowers sessile, 1 or 2 in the axil of each bract. Sepals linear, equal, villous, membranous. Corolla villous with- out; lobes 5, unequal, small, erect. Anther-cells 2, bases mucronate.—Not seen. Var. ? Beddomei ; leaves linear-lanceolate hairy on both surfaces, corolla 14 in. and upwards before expansion.—Tenasserim, Mooleyit, Beddome.—Leaves 8 by 3-1 in., caudate-acuminate, widest close to the rounded or subcordate base ; petiole 0-1, in. Spikes compound, most of the lower bracts and calyces small without flowers; upper bracts 4-4 in., lanceolate, glabrate. Corolla broad, nearly straight, urn-shaped on a short cylindric base; lobes subequal, 3 in., ovate, obtuse. Stamens 4, 2 conspicuously longer; anthers 2-celled, cells broadly oblong, parallel, equal, white- apiculate at base. Pistil as of Asystasia.. Capsule not seen. ** Corolla linear shortly funnel-shaped upwards about 2 in. long. 9. A. atroviridis, TJ. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 526; leaves large elliptic acuminate at both ends nearly glabrous, racemes condensed nearly glabrous, corolla 2 in. rose-pink tube very long linear. Ruellia atro- viridis, Wall. Cat. 2404.—Asystasia sp. n. 15, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. Verbenacearum sp., Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 155. Kuasra Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., frequent; Wallich, Griffith, H. f. & T., &e. Stems 1-3 ft., herbaceous. Leaves 8} by 3} in.; nerves 10-14 pair; petiole 13 in, Racemes usually paniculate in a dense terminal subsessile head ; bracts ;, in. ; pedi- cels 4 in., often pubescent. Sepals § in., sublinear, glabrous or pubescent. Corolla glabrous, linear portion of the tube 14 in., limb about 1 im. diam. Stamens 4, glabrous; anthers muticous, or very obscurely mucronate at the base. Capsule 496 crx. acantHacea. (C. B. Clarke.) [Asystasia, 14 in., with the seeds nearly as of 4. macrocarpa.—The name is very misleading; the corolla is always a fine rose. In one example the raceme is developed into a lax very compound panicle, and the plant is noted as 6 ft. high. 10. A. Neesiana, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 164; leaves large broadly elliptic acute sparingly pubescent, racemes elongate very lax pubescent, corolla 2 in. pink tube very long linear. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc, ix. 526. Ruellia Neesiana, Wall. Pl. As. an 1. 78, t. 83, and Cat. 2342.—Asystasia sp. n. 14, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. Kasia Mrs., alt. 0-3000 ft., frequent; Wallich, &e. Cacnar; Keenan. Movimein ; Parish. Leaves 8 by 3 in., lower long-petioled, uppermost pair usually (not always) sessile. Raceme often nearly a foot long, very pubescent. Corolla, capsule and seeds nearly as of A. atroviridis. Anther-cells minutely mucronate at the base. DOUBTFUL SPECIES. 11. A. ? Kuwrutana, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 89, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 163 ; leaves oblong or elliptic acuminate at both ends pubescent beneath, spikes dense few-fld. on very short axillary peduncles. Z. Anders. in Journ, Linn, Soe. ix. 525. Ruellia Kunthiana, Wall. Cat. 2419. Prenane; Wallich. Stems creeping, rooting; branches 1 foot, erect, subterete, glabrous. Leaves 3} by 1} in., lineolate above ; petiole scarcely 3 in. Peduncles 0-2 in.; spikes 3-4 in., glabrous, lineolate ; bracts 7, in. Sepals 3 in., linear. Capsule § in., constricted for a short space at the base, 4-seeded, glabrous. Flowers not seen.—T. Anderson does not doubt this being an Asystasia, but it might quite as well be a Justicia. 12. A.? Eranthemum montanum, Bot. Mag. t. 4031, not of Rowb.; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrate, racemes lax compound puberulous, sepals linear- subulate ciliate, corolla 2} in. purple tube very long linear. “Inpra ;” cultivated formerly at Kew.—Upper leaves 44 by 1jin.; nerves 7 pair ; petiole }in. Peduncle 3 in., grey puberulous; panicle lax; bracts 4-4 in., linear- lanceolate, much shorter than the calyx; lower pedicelsO-lin. Sepals}in. Corolla glabrous. Stamens 4 perfect, subsimilar, glabrous; anther-cells 2, bases acute. Stigma minutely equally bifid.—A plant of which nothing is known, but the excellent figure cited, and the specimen from which it was taken. The description is incorrect as to the 2 stamens, of which there are 4, hardly at all didynamous. The minute bracts are as in Asystasia, and will not do for Dedalacanthus. Its true place is, in the absence of fruit, uncertain. 13. A. Lawiana, Dalz. in'Hook. Kew Journ. iv. 344; leaves elliptic acute at both ends very sparsely hairy, spikes short-oblong dense softly-hairy, bracts large imbricated, corolla 3-3 in. white. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb, Fl. 186. A. mysurensis, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 524. Ruellia mysurensis, Roth Nov. Sp. 303; Wall. Cat. 2402. Strobilanthes mysurensis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 86, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 192. W. Decoan Prninsvia; from Saugur to Kurg, frequent ; Rottler, &. Stem herbaceous, erect, thinly hairy. Leaves 4 by 13 in., with few distant multi- cellular hairs above, minutely lineolate, puberulous beneath ; petiole 14 in. Flower- heads 1} by § in., substrobiliform; bracts $-1 by 3 in., broadly lanceolate, softly hirsute; bracteoles 2 in., lanceolate membranous. Sepals 3 in., linear hairy. Stamens slightly didynamous, nearly glabrous ; anthers 2-celled; cells ovate or sub- ellipsoid, muticous, one slightly above the other. Style glabrous; stigma very minutely bifid; ovary pubescent. Capsule 3 in., 4-seeded ; solid cylindric base } in. Seeds compressed, angular ; testa minutely laxly hexagonal, glabrous.—Very unlike the genus in the bracts, corolla, anthers, and habit, in which it more resembies Strobilanthes micranthus. Eranthemum.] —orx. acantHacea. (C. B. Clarke.) - 497 XXVI. BRANTHEMUM, Linn. Stamens 2 fertile, 2 rudimentary or 0. Ovary often glabrous. Otherwise as Asystasia.—Species 30, tropics of both hemispheres. E. diantherum,Rozb. Fl. Ind.i.112, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 108, and E. racemosum, Roxb. lc. 118, Wall, l. ec. 107, DC. Prodr. xi. 455, came from the Moluccas.— E. semperflorens, Roth Nov. Sp. 2, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 458, came from Mar- tinique, nor is there reason from Roth’s account to believe it otherwise than cultivated by Heyne.—Justicia sp., Griff. Ic. Pl. As. t. 426 (Kew Distrib. u. 6177), is a fine Eranthemum, collected in Ava, outside the bounds of British India. * Corolla tubular-ventricose. 1. BE. indicum, Clarke; leaves lanceolate or subovate acuminate at both ends glabrous, racemes dense puberulous or glabrate, corolla 14 in. white abundantly purple-veined. Thyrsacanthus indicus, Nees in DC. ee ix. 325, Asystasia thyrsacanthus, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 525. Srzxim and Buoray, alt. 1-5000 ft., frequent; Hf. 7.,&ce. Assam, in the lower hills; Kuasra and Jatntgea Mrs., alt, 1-4000 ft., frequent. A diffuse undershrub, 1-4 ft, Leaves 7 by 24in.; nerves 5-7 pair; petiole 4-3 in. Racemes 1-5 in.; lower pedicels 0-} in.; bracts 4-4 in., linear. Sepals jin., linear- lanceolate, glabrous or puberulous. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped, upper lip subentire emarginate galeate, lower 3-fid, middle lobe the widest. Filaments and style minutely hairy. Capsule 1} in., base long, cylindric, solid. Seeds 3 in., orbicular, tubercled, rugose, glabrous.—I¢ is difficult to give a reason why this is not a Thyrsacanthus, ex- cept that it is not American; the curved subgaleate corolla does not agree well either with Asystasia or Hranthemum. **® Corolla-tube linear-cylindrie, often very narrow. 2. EB. crenulatum, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 879, not of Nees; leaves lanceolate or elliptic acuminate at both ends, racemes slender glabrous or puberulous, flowers solitary, corolla pale purple or lilac tube 3 in. slender narrowly funnel-shaped upwards, ovary glabrous. Kuasia TERat, alt. 0-2000 ft., frequent; Wallich, H.f. & T., &e. Perennial; 18 in., glabrous. Leaves 6} by 2 in., undulate-crenate; nerves 8 pair; petiole 4in. Racemes in a terminal panicle with curved drooping slender branches ; bracts 3 in., linear-lanceolate; pedicels 0-3} in. Sepals } in., sublinear, glabrous or puberulous. Corolla-limb obscurely 2-lipped, 5 in. diam, Stamens 2, subincluded. Capsule § in.; cylindric base} in. Seeds 3 in., rugose, glabrous.— Lindley’s pieture is excellent, but shows a small example in young flower; the panicle is often 8-12 in. diam., the flowers becoming distant on the branches. The species has been quite lost sight of by Nees and T, Anderson, Hooker’s examples having (probably from the short corolla) been referred to Codonacanthus. 3. &. malabaricum, Clarke; leaves elliptic or ovate narrowed at both ends glabrous, spikes glabrous or puberulous, corolla white or yellowish tube 1-11 in., ovary glabrous. EH. crenulatum, Wall. Cat. 2491; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 195; LT. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 235, and in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 523, chiefly. Tusticia latifolia, Vahl Symb. ii. 4? W. Dscoan Peninsuxa, frequent; Wight, Hohenacker. CryLon; Thwaites (C. P. n, 1979). ; : Suffrutescent, 2 ft. high. Leaves 5 by 23in., undulate-crenulate, minutely lineolate on both surfaces; nerves 6-7 pair; petiole }in. Spikes 4-9 in.; lowest pedicels obsolete in fruit; bracts 4 in., linear-lanceolate. Sepals 3 in., sublinear, VOL. IV. K 498 cix. acanTHacez. (C. B, Clarke.) [Zranthemum. glabrous or puberulous. Corolla-tube linear, only slightly widened close to the apex ; limb 1-1} in. diam., obscurely.2-lipped. Capsule 2 in., cylindric base in. Seeds 2 in., rugose, subtubercled glabrous.—Vahl’s description agrees pretty well with this Malabar species, and he received his examples from Koenig; but his reference to Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 44 (which has extremely different flowers) throws a doubt on the identification. Nees says his #. crenulatum was founded entirely on material from Silhet to Malacca, and therefore it should not belong to E. malabaricum, even in part ; but in fact a good deal of Nees’ material came from Malabar. 4. E. palatiferum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 108, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 457; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends pubescent on the midrib beneath or ultimately glabrate, racemes pubescent flowers often fascicled, corolla pale-purple tube 1}-13 in. linear, ovary pubescent. Tf. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 524. Justicia palatifera, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. i. 80, t. 92. J. rabicunda, Ham. in Wall. Cat. 2480. SuptroricaL Sikxim and Buoray, alt. 0O-3000 ft., frequent; Treutler, Gamble, &c. Assam and Kuasia Mts., alt. 0-3000 ft., common; Wallich, Griffith, &c. Perennial, 3 ft.; stems pubescent upwards. Leaves 7 by 2-3 in., very obscurely (or not) lineolate ; nerves 8-10 pair; petiole} in. Racemes often one foot long, pubes- cent; bracts 3-2 in., sublinear; lower pedicels rarely attaining 4 in. Sepals Lin., linear, pubescent. Corolla-tube linear almost to its apex; limb 14 in. diam., obscurely 2-lipped ; purple often with a yellowish spot on the middle lobe of the lower lip, Capsule nearly 1 in., pubescent. Seeds 2 in. diam., reticulate-rugose, glabrous. Var. levicapsa ; leaves more conspicuously lineolate on the upper surface, spikes long slender in more or less compound panicles, flowers often slenderer, capsule less pubescent usually soon glabrate. EE. crenulatum, Wall. Cat. 2491, letter F.— Chittagong, alt. 0-2000 ft., frequent; H. f. § T., &e. Pegu, M‘Lelland. Mergui, Griffith. Attran, Wallich. Var. elata; leaves |large uppermost petioled elongate-cuneate at the base. E. elatum, Kurz in Journ. Bot. 1872, 46, and 1873, 47. ¥. latifolium, Kurz in Flora 1870, 363 excl. syn. p—Pegu, Yomah, Kurz. Rangoon, M‘Lelland.—Kurz notes that this species produces on the same plant dimorphous flowers ; one kind as of EZ. palati- Serum type, the other (usually the upper ones in the spike) about } in. long, which chiefly produce fruit. Similar dimorphic flowers occur in typical Khasian E. palatiferum. 5. B. album, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 455; leaves elliptic acuminate puberulous on the midrib beneath or glabrate, spikes panicled minutely pubescent, corolla white tube 13 in. linear. J. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 523. EH. crenulatum, Wall. Cat. 2491, letters D, E. Justicia alba, Rorb. Fl, Ind. i. 116, and Ic. Ined. in Herb. Kew. Anpamans; Roxburgh, Kurz. Pau; Brandis. Cuitragone; J. D. H. Penane; Wallich. Nicopars; Kurz. Stem woody upwards, bark whiteish. Uppermost leaves very shortly petioled, base usually rounded, but in Roxburgh’s picture (and in the Chittagong example) cuneate.— This, when dry, seems very difficult to separate from FE. palatiferum, Nees, Var. levicapsa, except by the woodiness of the stems, almost to the panicle as shown in Roxburgh’s picture and in Kurz’s and Hooker’s examples ; the stems in E. palatiferum being distinctly herbaceous unless very near the base. 6. E. malaccense, Clarke; leaves broad-lanceolate minutely pilose on the midrib beneath, spikes 1-3 subterminal puberulous or pubescent, corolla pale-purple tube 1-13 in. linear, ovary nearly glabrous. E. crenu- latum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 107, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 453, chiefly; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 523, partly (not of Lindi.) E. palatiferum, Bot. Mag. t. 5957, left-hand fig. only. Justicia orbiculata, Wall. Cat. 2489, letter b. Mauacca; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6175), Cuming, nn. 2357, 2389, &e. Eranthemum.] —orx. acantHacex. (C. B. Clarke.) 499 An undershrub, 4 ft. high. Leaves 53 by 1}in., acuminate, base cuneate, obscurely or obsoletely lineolate; nerves 5-6 pair, much curved, usually crispedly pubescent when young; petiole} in. Spikes 2-5 in., fuscous-puberulous, few- or little-branched, never forming a lax panicle ; bracts 7, in. ; lower pedicels very short. Flowers and fruits very nearly as of E. palatiferum. Young capsule sometimes sparsely pilose, soon glabrous,—This plant seems plentiful at’ Malacca, and probably occurs in the Malay Isles, but does not exactly agree with any Malay species at Kew, nor with the descriptions of the Dutch botanists. It may (ex descr.) possibly be E. punctatum, Nees in DC. Prodr, xi. 455. : 7. ©. Andersoni, Masters in Gard. Chron. 1869 ; leaves large lan- ceolate acute at both ends glabrous, spike very long linear flower-clusters whorled below, bracts and calyces glabrous or puberulous, corolla-tube 13-13 in. Bot. Mag. t. 5771. EH. elegans, Masters J. v. 1868, p. 1234, not of Br. HE. Blumei, Teijs.?P Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. ii. 836. T. Anders. Journ. Linn, Soe. ix. 523; Kurz in Flora 1870, 363. Sin@aPorE; 7. Anderson.—DistRiB. Malaya.’ Upper leaves 5 by 1} in.; petiole 3 in. Spike (coming into flower) 10 in.; lower clusters distant, many-fld., upper few-fid., continuous; bracts Kin. Calyx 3 in.; lobes linear-lanceolate. Corolla white, pubescent; lobes? by}in. Capsule not seen. —Described from T. Anderson’s Singapore example. The name should be Z. Blumei, but there is no authentic example of that for comparison; nor is it known whether, by recording E. Blumei among the Indian Acanthacee, T. Anderson alluded to his Singapore plant. 8. E. cinnabarinum, Wall. Pi. As. Rar. i. 20,t. 21, and Cat. 9088 ; leaves large elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes rathér short rigidly panicled fuscous-puberulous, corolla crimson tube 14 in. linear. Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 108, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 453; T. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 524. H. palatiferum, Bot. Mag. t. 5957, right- hand fig. Lower Burma and TenasseRIM; Wallich, Parish; Beddome. Leaves 8% by 2} in., undulate-crenulate; raphides sunk, obscure; nerves 8-11 pair; petiole 4-13 in. Panicles compound, stout; branches short, patent or ulti- mately recurved ; flowers subsessile, often fascicled; bracts { in., linear. Sepals din., sublinear. Corolla-tube linear to the apex ; limb 2-lipped, lobes of the lower lip wider than those of the upper; eye often more intensely crimson, sometimes a yellowish spot on the middle lobe of the lower lip. Var. succisifolia; flowers white. 2H. succisifolium, Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. 1876, pt. ii. 142,—Nicobars ; Kurz.—The dried examples show no good distinction between this and Z. cinnabarinum ; the leaves have rather fewer nerves than in Wallich’s specimen, but not than in his picture; the flowers are hardly smaller than Wallich’s ; the capsules are 3 in., altogether as of the genus. 9. EB. Parishii, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, spikes puberulous or pubescent subpanicled, flowers often fascicled, corolla purplish-pink tube 13 in. distinctly funnel-shaped upwards. HE. crenulatum var. grandiflora, Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5440. Asystasia Parishii, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 526. MovutmEIn ; Parish, TENASSERIM; Beddome. Leaves 44 by 13-14 in., very acute, variegated in all the wild examples, densely puncticulate not lineolate above; nerves 6 pair; petiole 3 in. Spikes 2-5 in., sub- erect; bracts din. Sepals 4 in., linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla-tube linear below, upper 3 part distinctly widened subinflated; limb § in. diam., segments subequal. Anthers subexsert. Ovary glabrous or very nearly so.—In Bot. Mag. t. 5440, the stamens are figured 4, subequal; in the accompanying text they are said to be 2 or 4, Wild specimens have 2 perfect and 2 minute rudimentary stamens, Kk 2 , 500 crx. acanTHacEs. (C. B. Clarke.) [Eranthemum. 10. B. leptanthus, Clarke; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends glabrous, racemes elongate many-fild. subglabrons, corolla small tube }-} in. linear curved. Misnmes Hits; Griffith (Kew Distrib. n. 6181). Apparently a large herb; branches subterete, glabrous. Leaves 74 by 23 in., not or very obscurely lineolate; nerves 11-16 pair; petiole 1-1} in. Racemes 5-9 in., 1-5 subterminal, nearly simple; pedicels fascicled, unusually long, upper often 2 in. ; bracts at the base of the pedicels, minate, linear. Sepals 3 in., linear-lanceolate, glabrous, margins puberulous. Corolla glabrous; tube linear, slightly inflated, base gibbous; limb subequally 5-lobed. Stamens 2, with 2 minute linear radiments ; filaments somewhat ligulate, glabrous ; anthers oblong ; cells straight, parallel, muti- cous, on the same level exactly. Pistit glabrous; disc annular; ovary 4-ovulate ; stigma minute, obscurely bifid. Capsule not seen.—A species differing widely from all others, but referred by Mr. Bentham to this genus, of which it appears to possess all the essential characters. SPECIES IMPERFECTLY KNOWN. 11. E. @pactziFiorum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 107, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 454; leaves 8 by 33 in. elliptic acute at both ends subglabrous, nerves 7-9 pair puberulous beneath, petiole 2-33 in. puberulous, thyrse 4 in. dense-fid. and densely pubescent, pedicels 0-4 in., bracts } in. linear, sepals 4 in. pubescent, corolla-tube 13 in. linear for 3 its length. Justicia gracilifiora, Wall. Cat. 2427.—Penang Mts. ; Wallich (specimens without fruit, and with only a very imperfect flower). 12. E. prrariuM, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 458; leaves ovate attenuate at both ends glabrate, spike small puberulous, flowers solitary opposite, bracts and bracteoles linear-subulate shorter than the calyx. Gendarussa bifaria, Wall. Cat. 7173; Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 104.—Pegu; Pingee, Wallich—Leaves 7 by 3: in., entire, minutely lineolate on both surfaces; petiole 14 in., puberulous. Spike (one only seen) 2} in., puberulous; flowers 5 in. apart. Calyx-segments } in., linear, puberulous. Corolla not seen. Capsule $-1 in., altogether of Eranthemum.—Nees founded this on the 2 opposite lines of minute crisped hairs near the tips of the branches ; which may be seen in E. album, malaccense and others. The solitary example of Z. dbifarium in Herb. Wallich differs from the neighbouring species in its depauperated spike and long-petioled leaves, but it is impossible to say that it may not be one of them. 13. E. puBEscENS, Roth Nov. Sp.1; leaves ovate obtuse, spikes terminal sub- distichous, bracts imbricated obovate-oblong mucronate keeled densely pubescent, calyx unequal scarious. Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 458.—India; Heyne—A shrub; branches subtetragonous, ashy farinose. eaves from oblong to ovate, nearly entire, nervose, paler beneath, farinose; petiole lin. Spike terminal, 3 in., enveloped at base by 4 or 5 ovate acute bracts ; proper bracts } in., dense clothed with capitate hairs; bracteoles 2, linear-subulate. Calyx 5-leaved, 2 lanceolate subulate, 1 broader 2-nerved sub-bifid, 2 smaller. Corolla showy, pubescent without ; tube 1 in. filiform, limb of 5 subequal round lobes. Stamens 2 with oblong villous anthers, 2 sterile very short. Style long, tip semi-bifid. Capsule oblong-ovoid, 4-seeded. Seeds brown, compressed, ovate subrotund, under a lens elegantly clothed with imbricated adpressed ferruginous scales. XXVIi. CODONACANTHUS, WNees. Corolla small ventricose nearly from the base.—Otherwise as Eran- themum. The solitary species differs from Eranthemum indicum in its very small flowers ; from EZ. leptanthus in its ventricose corolla. GC. paucifiorus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 103; leaves elliptic acuminate at both ends pubescent on the nerves beneath or glabrate, Codonacanthus.| cix. acantHacez. (C.B. Clarke.) 501 flowers 3 in. many of them distinctly pedicelled. T. Anders.in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 524. C. acuminatus, Mees l. c. Ruellia pauciflora, Wall. Cat. 2369. Asystasia pauciflora, Mees in Wall. Pl. As. oe ni. 90. Kauasia Hits, alt. 0-3000 ft., and Assam; Wallich, Jenkins, H.f. & T., &e. Cuirracone Hitis; Clarke.—Disreis. S. China. An erect herb. Leaves 5 by 13-2 in.; petiole 4 in., usually pubescent. Racemes in the Indian examples forming very compound, slender, terminal, lax panicles; bracts minute linear; pedicels often 4-4 in. Sepals 3 in., linear-lanceolate. Corolla glabrous, pink or whiteish ; cylindric base of the tube scarcely 7, in.; lobes 5, ovate, subequal. Stamens 2, with 2 minute linearrudiments. Capsule} in. ; base cylindric, solid. Seeds 4 as of Hranthemum, but nearly smooth, scarcely rugose.—The Chinese examples all differ from the Indian in their much simpler inflorescence. Bentham, in allowing the genus 2 species in the Gen. Pl., appears to think the Chinese plant distinct, but in the Flora of Hongkong he had united them. XXVIII. ANDROGRAPHIS, Wail. Annual herbs or very small shrubs, erect or procumbent. Leaves entire. Racemes axillary and terminal, lax, often compound subpanicled, or dense or subcapitate, sometimes reduced and 1-fid., frequently 1-sided; bracts small; bracteoles minute or 0. Sepals narrow. Corolla small, tubular, 2-lipped, white or pink with dark-purple lower lip, pubescent. Stamens 2; filaments ciliate or setulose; anthers exserted, 2-celled; cells oblong, parallel, muticous, subequal, base bearded. Ovary 6-12-ovulate, thinly hairy; style slender, tip minutely bifid. Capsule linear-oblong or elliptic, compressed contrary to the septum, 6-12-seeded. Seeds osseous, sub- quadrate or oblong, not compréssed, rugose-pitted, glabrous——Endemic in India; the 17 species being very closely connected, and identical as to form and colour of flower, and as to seeds. * Capsule linear, thrice as long as broad. + Racemes elongate often loosely subpaniculate, lower flowers distant. 1. A. paniculata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 116, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 515; leaves lanceolate glabrous, racemes lax paniculate divari- cate, pedicels manifest, capsule nearly glabrous. Wight Je. t. 518; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 198; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 502; Bentl. & Trim. Med. Pi. t. 197. Justicia paniculata, Burm. Fl. Ind. 9; Wall. Cat. 2454; Blume Bijd. 788; Rowb. Fl. Ind. i. 117.—Rheede Hort. Mal. t. 56.0” Throughout Inp14 from Lucknow and Assam to Ceylon (probably introduced in some of the northern stations).— Disrris. Cultivated in the E. and W. Indies. An erect annual, 1-3 ft. ; stems quadrangular, base not pubescent. Leaves 24 by 3-2 in., narrowed at both ends, never spathulate, ovate at base, paler beneath ; petiole 0+ in. Racemes 1-4 in.; pedicels 0-4 in., distant, usually pubescent; bract 4; in., linear ; bracteoles smaller or 0; inflorescence mostly sympodal, the pedicel in the axil of one of each pair of bracts suppressed. Sepals 4 in., linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla 3 in., 2-lipped for at least half its length, hairy; white, spotted rose-purple. Filaments hairy upwards. Ovary and base of style subglabrous or very thinly hairy. Capsule 3 vy } in., young slightly glandular-hairy, mature glabrous. Seeds subquad- rate, osseous, rugose, without hairs or scales at any period, wet or dry, yellow or deep brown.— Bentley and Trimen’s figure is erroneous as to the seeds being hairy. Nees and others have doubted this being Roxburgh’s Justicia paniculata, because Roxburgh says the bracts are large ; but Roxburgh regards the reduced leaves at the base of the racemes as bracts, and does not notice the true small bracts at the base of the pedicels, 502 crx. acantHacez. (C.B. Clarke.) [Andrographis. 2. A. subspathulata, Clarke ; leaves subspathulate elliptic minutely scabrid-punctate on both surfaces, racemes lax divaricate, pedicels manifest, capsule nearly glabrous. Mapras; Kurnool at the foot of the Nellymallays, Beddome. In habit resembling A. paniculata ; stem minutely hispid near the base. Leaves 3 by 1 in., apex scarcely acute, base suddenly narrowed; petiole 4 in., often winged to the base. Lower pedicels 4 in. Corolla 3 in., similar to that of 4A. paniculata, but rather longer.—This has been considered a var. of 4A. paniculata; but points above noted as differential are constant. 3. A. elongata, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 502; leaves petioled ovate-lanceolate pubescent or glabrate, spikes forming straggling panicles, sepals glabrate or minutely pubescent, anthers exsert not barbate, -capsule nearly glabrous. Justicia elongata, Vahl Enum.i.130. J. cordi- folia, Wall. Cat. 2482. Cryptophragmium cordifolium, Mees in Wall. Pl. As, Rar. iii. 100. C. elongatum, Nees in DC. Predr. xi. 95. S. Deccan Peninsuna; Courtallum, Wight ; Tinnevelly Hills, Beddome. Annual, erect, 2-3 ft.; branches divaricate, acutely quadrangular. Leaves 2 by lin., base somewhat suddenly narrowed or rarely subcordate ; raphides inconspicuous ; petiole often attaining 3 in. Panicles often a foot each way; pedicels mostly very short. Sepgls § in., linear-lanceolate. Corolla} in., tube curved, limb 3-4 in, obscurely 2-lipped. Filaments flattened, glabrous or very nearly so, a little longer than the corolla; anthers glabrous. Capsule 3 by 4 in., compressed, at first minutely hairy, soon glabrous. Seeds osseous, rugose, not compressed, glabrous. 4, A. ovata, Benth. in Gen. Pl. ii. 1100; stem glandular-hirsute, leaves petioled ovate, spikes often panicled rather lax somewhat recurved, corolla 3 in., anthers included not barbate, capsule hairy. Gymnostachyum ovatum, 7. Anders. ms.; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 250. Deccan PrninsuLa; Myhendra Hills, Berhampore and Jeypur Hills (Vizagapa- tam), alt. 2-4000 ft., Beddome. Stems 6-10 in., quadrangular, glandular-pubescent or subhirsute below. Leaves 23-3 by nearly 2 in., shortly attenuated into the petiole, sparsely hairy above, pubescent on the nerves beneath. Racemes axillary and terminal, 2-4 in. Corolla as of A. elongata. Filaments much dilated, thinly minutely hairy. Capsule 3 by } in., compressed. Seeds 8-10, subquadrate, osseous, rugose, glabrous, not compressed. —Perhaps a form only of A. elongata, Nees. 5. A. tenuiflora, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 502; leaves ovate or lanceolate glabrous or pubescent on the nerves, spikes lax simple or compound, corolla 3 in. obscurely 2-lipped, anthers included pubescent or slightly bearded, capsule pubescent ultimately glabrate. Haplanthus tener, Nees in Wail. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 115, and Cat. 7185, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 512. Gymnostachyum Parishii & andrographioides, 7. Anders. 1. ¢. 504. EastEEN Fronrrek, alt. 500-3000 ft., from Assam to Tavoy, frequent. ANDA- mans ; Kurz.—DiIstx1B. Java, Borneo. Stems 1-2 ft., quadrangular, pubescent, or glabrous unless at the very base. Leaves suddenly or cuneately narrowed at base ; or the upper subsessile, base rounded or subcordate. _Pedicels rarely }, in—Perhaps not distinct from A. ovata: it pre- sents three leading variations, viz. (a) tenuiflora type, T. Anders., leaves ovate, spikes long, flowers in remote clusters ; (b) Parishii, T. “Anders., leaves ovate, panicles lax sla arate flowers mostly solitary ; (c) andrographioides, T. Anders., leaves lan- ceolate, VaR. recedens ; nearly glabrous except the very lax compound closely glandular- pubescent panicle.—Tenasserim ; Mooleeyit, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome. 6. A. alata, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 516; leaves petioled ovate upper ‘Andrographis.) orx. acanTHacEm, (C. B. Clarke.) 503 linear-oblong glabrous, panicle large lax branches 4-winged, sepals pubes- cent or subhirsute, capsule hairy. J. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 232, and ‘in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 502. Justicia alata, Vahl Enum. i. 139. 8. Drcoan Pzyinsvxa, alt. 1-8000 ft.; Coimbatore, Wight, &c.; Nilgherries, Gardner. CEYLON ; Thwaites. Stems 2-4 ft., annual, erect, glabrous, 4-angular. Leaves 34 by 13 in., somewhat suddenly attenuate into the petiole, conspicuously lineolate above; upper leaves few, distant, narrow. Panicle often 15 in. diam. ; branches glabrous; pedicels O-} in., pubescent. Sepals 3-4 in., bristle-pointed, pubescent or very hairy. Corolla 4-3 in., hairy, white with pink spots; tube curved, limb obscurely 2-lipped. Anthers exserted ; filaments subglabrous. Capsule 1 by } in., compressed. Seeds osseous, glabrous, not compressed.— Perhaps only a variety of 4. elongata. The panicle being large, the examples of the old collectors show only the panicle with the reduced narrow leaves belonging thereto; and the descriptions of Vahl, Nees and T. Ander- son do not describe the proper cauline leaves. 7. &. stenophylla, Clarke; glabrous, cauline leaves Tinear, racemes lax, flowers nearly all pedicelled, capsule glabrous. CoimBaTorE ; Wight (Herb. Propr. n. 2245). ' Rootstock woody; annual stems from its crown numerous, erect and diffuse, quadrangular. Leaves 1-14 by 3-4 in.; raphides 0 or obscure. Racemes 2-5 in., axillary and terminal, not distinctly panicled, the upper ‘leaves being nearly similar to the cauline ; pedicels mostly nearly as long as the calyx. Sepals 4 in., linear- lanceolate, glabrous or very nearly so. Corolla nearly as of A. paniculata. Capsule 2 by 2 in., compressed. : 8. A. Wightiana, Arn. ex Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 517 ; nearly glabrous, leaves subsessile lanceolate, racemes lax few-fld., pedicels sometimes as long as the calyx, corolla % in. conspicuously 2-lipped, capsule glabrous. Wight Te. t. 1558. A. gracilis, Mees 1. ce. 516; 2. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 508.—_Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 44. 8. Deccan Pentnsvia ; Courtallum and Anamallay Forests, Wight; Mysore, G. Thomson; Mangalore, Hohenacker ; Travancore and Tinnevelly Ghauts, Beddome. Stems elongate, ditfuse, lax, quadrangular, glabrous, or thinly obscurely glandular- hairy. Leaves attaining 3 by 1 in., subovate, base obtuse rarely cordate, glabrous minutely lineolate above rarely obscurely scabrid puberulous; petiole 0-}, in. Racemes 2-4 in., weak, glabrous or rarely minutely glandular-hairy ; lower pedicels sometimes j in. Sepals} in., sublinear, lineolate, glabrous, Corolla purplish, spotted on the lower lip ; lips} in. Anthers exserted, slightly bearded at the base; filaments _ Setulose. Capsule 3-1 by 4-4 in—Authentic examples only differ from 4. gracilis in the few thin glandular hairs scattered on the upper part of the stem and panicle. That Nees understood the same plant as Arnott and Wight’ is clear from his saying that in his 4. Wightiana the calyx was glabrous, 9. A. macrobotrys, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 516; sparingly pubes- cent, leaves very short-petioled oblong-lanceolate, racemes elongate, sepals glandular-hairy, corolla $ in. conspicuously 2-lipped, capsule glabrous. A. Wightiana, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 232, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 502, not of Nees. Mrs. of S. Deccan Peninsuta; Mangalore, Hohenacker; Anamallays and Pulneys, Beddome. Cuyiton ; Maerae, &e. Leaves 3 by 3 in.; base cuneate or rhomboid, not rounded ; nerves beneath often puberulous ; petiole 0-4 in. Racemes 6-8 in. or more, glandular-hairy, often 1-2- branched. Corolla and capsule exactly as of A. Wightiana.—Very near A. Wightiana; but dries blacker, and has the leaves not widest at the base. : Var. parvifolia ; leaves 1-13 in. A. ceylanica, Nees 1. c, 518; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 502, not of Wight.—Ceylon ; Walker. 504 crx. acantHacesw, (C. B. Clarke.) [Andrographis, +t Racemes dense, forming a viscous brown-hairy head or panicle. 10. A. viscosula, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 116, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 517; leaves lanceolate glabrous densely lineolate above, corolla Zin. hairy. Wight Ic. t. 1559; 2. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 502. Justicia lineata, Wall. Cat. 2486, letter b. S. Deccan PeninsvLa; Courtallum, Wight (Herb. Propr. n. 677) ; Pulney Hills, Beddome. A An undershrub, scarcely 1 foot ; branches numerous, glabrous, 4-lineolate. Leaves 13 by } in., narrowed at both ends; petiole 0-} in. Panicles 1-2} in., terminal, many-fid., viscidly brown-hairy; pedicels 0-4 in.; bracts J, in., linear. Sepals - 3-4 in., linear-lanceolate. Corolla conspicuously 2-lipped; lips 3-4 in. Anthers exserted, bases thinly bearded, filaments thinly bristly. Capsule 3-2 by 2 in., pubes- cent. Seeds osseous, rugose, glabrous, not compressed. VaR. explicata; leaves 3 by 3-1 in., panicle elongate 6-8 in. less dense, cap- sules rather larger. A. ceylanica, Wight Ic. t. 1560, not of Nees.—Courtallum ; Wight (Herb. Propr. nn. 676, 2242). Concan; Stocks. Anamailays and Nil- gherries, Beddome.—Wight himself, after figuring his 4. ceylanica from n. 676, has altered the name of a portion of his n, 676 to A. viscosula. 1l. A. Neesiana, Wight Ic. t. 1561; leaves elliptic acute at both ends sparsely minutely hairy above glabrate beneath, racemes terminal subcapitate, sepals 4 in., corolla % in. hairy. 2. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 502, excl. syn. Putney Mts.; Wight (Herb. Propr. n. 2705). Wynaap; Beddome. Branches elongate, undivided, glabrate, obscurely quadrangular. Leaves 23 by 14 in. ; hairs remote many-cellular, raphides 0; petiole 0-4 in. Racemes forming a dense panicle 2-5 in. diam.. viscidly brown-hairy. Capsule attaining 1 by } in., com- pressed, minutely hairy.—Differs from A. viscosuia in the absence of raphides from the leaves above. Var. producta; leaves elongate, heads produced into oblong sub-lax panicles. A. ceylanica, Wight in Herb. Andrographis sp. n. 13, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.—~ Shevagherry Hills; Wight (Herb. Propr. n. 2702). ‘Tinnevelly; Beddome. Mala- bar; Gibson (in Herb. Dalzell), &c.—Leaves 44 by } in., subsessile. Panicles 5 in., pyramidal. Texture, indumentum, &c., of the leaves exactly as in A. Neesiana type. VaR. affinis, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 116, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 517 (sp.); leaves smal) elliptic or oblong pubescent, panicles pyramidal or oblong viscidly brown- pubescent, corolla 4 in. 2. Anders. in DC. Prodr. ix. 502.—Nilgherry and Kurg Mts., frequent ; Wight, &@—Leaves 1 by, 3 in., or smaller; minutely bristly above with no raphides, pubescent beneath; nerves less impressed on the upper surface, usually fulvous-pubescent. Capsule very hairy. 12. A. stellulata, Clarke; hairy, leaves short-petioled elliptic nar- rowed at both ends, heads terminal dense, sepals exceeding 4 in. linear- setaceous, corolla 3 in. A. Neesiana, Benth. in Pl. Hohenack. n. 1485, not of Wight. ‘ NiLGHwERRY Mrs., alt. 6000 ft., Hohenacker, &c. Branches elongate, obscurely quadrangular, closely villous. Leaves 2} by 1 in., copiously sprinkled with fulvous multicellular hairs above, closely villous beneath; petiole O-}'in. Heads 1-2 in. diam., viscidly brown-hairy. Corolla pale pink with purple spots on the lower lip. Filaments somewhat flattened, bairy upwards. Cap- sule 3 by § in. (and upwards), hairy, compressed. Seeds osseous, rugose, glabrous, not compressed.—Much resembling 4. Neestana and others of this subsection, but dis- tinguished by the long substellate sepals. 13. A. lineata, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 116, and in DC. Andrographis.| crx. acantHacrs. (C. B. Clarke.) 505 Prodr, xi. 516; leaves subsessile ovate or broadly oblong shortly acute glabrous, panicles very compound viscidly grey- or dusky-pubescent, corolla gin. Z. Anders. in Journ, Linn. Soc. ix. 502.—Andrographis sp. nu. 14, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. § T. Justicia lineata, Wall. Cat. 2486, letter a. S. Deccan Peninsuta; Mysore and adjacent parts of the Nilghiri and Kurg Mts., Wight, G. Thomson, Lobb; Anamallays, Beddome. Branches elongate, quadrangular, glabrous. Leaves 13 by 1 in., suddenly acute, base rounded ; raphides above embedded, obscure; nerves beneath usually strongly elevated ; petiole O-, in. Panicle 2-10 in.; pedicels 0 or very short. Sepals 4-2 in., linear-lanceolate acute, glandular-hairy. Corolla hairy. Anthers bearded at the base. Capsule 3 by 3-2 in., thinly hairy.—Hardly separable from A. viscosula var, explicata by the less acuminate leaves with more strongly-marked nerves and the more densely bearded anthers. Var. Lawii ; stem closely pubescent, leaves 3 in. sparsely pilose above pubescent beneath, panicle large open.—Bababoodun Hills; Law. Nundidroog, Beddome.— Referred to A. affinis in Herb. Hooker: the large strongly lineate leaves, large panicle and densely barbaie anthers bring it nearer to 4. lineata type. 14. A. lobelioides, Wight Iil.t.164b, fig. 11, and Ze. t. 1557; leaves small sessile ovate pubescent or glabrous, racemes in a subterminal panicle, corolla din. TZ Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 503. Justicia lobelioides, Wall. Cat. 2484. Hrianthera lobelioides, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ui. 115, and in DC. Prodr, xi. 514. , Nizesiri Mrs., alt. 6-8000 ft., common in the open grass, Wight, &c. Very rusty pubescent or nearly glabrous. Rootstock woody ; stems 2-8 in., very numerous, procumbent. Leaves 4-3 in. diam. Panicles 1-4 in.; lower pedicels wtin. Sepals}in. Anthers much exserted, conspicuously white-barbate. Capsule % by 4 in—Very variable in indumentum. Easily distinguished (without the fruit) trom A. serpyllifolia by the absence of flowers in the lower axils. VaR. composita ; racemes elongate compound forming a terminal quasi-panicle 12 by 8 in.—Courtallum Hills and Tinnevelly ; Beddome. ** Capsule elliptic, 2-3 times as long as broad. 15. A. echioides, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 117, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 518; erect, hairy, leaves sessile oblong or subelliptic obtuse, racemes numerous axillary, corolla 443 in. Wight Ic. t. 467; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 198; I. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 503. Justicia echioides, Linn.; Burm. Fl. Ind.9; Roxb. Fl. Ind. i. 118; Wall. Cat. 2439. —Rheede Hort. Mal. ix. t. 46. 3 Tropica, Inp1a, in the drier districts from the Punjab and Chota Nagpore to Ceylon, common (absent in Bengal proper and humid Malabaria). Annual, 8-24 in., closely pubescent and with patent white hairs. Leaves 2} by 1 in., base cuneate. Racemes about as long as the leaves, divaricate or recurved, often one from each axil about the middle of the stem; pedicels very short. Sepals 4-1 in., linear ; in fruit elongated, sometimes 3 in. Corolla pubescent, pink or white, lower lip dark-purple. Anthers much exserted, white-barbate. Capsule + by 4 in., acute at both ends, hairy. Seeds twice as long as broad, osseous, rugose, glabrous, not compressed. 16. A. glandulosa, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iii. 115, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 518; hairy, leaves petioled oblong or subelliptic obtuse, racemes numerous axillary, lower pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Justicia glandulosa, Wall. Cat. 2485. Mysore ; Heyne (fide Nees), Wight (Herb. Prop. n. 2026). Leaves 1 by 4 in., both in Wight’s and Wallich’s examples, on which Nees 506 CIX. ACANTHACEZ. (C.B. Clarke.) [Andrographis. founds his species; which both hardly differ from A. echioides but by their sbort-petioled (not sessile) leaves and rather shorter (3 in.) sepals.—This is cer- tainly 4. glandulosa, Nees, for he has written his name on Wight’s n. 2026, though this appears to be an erect annual. 17. A. Rothii, Clarke; shrubby, hairy, leaves small shortly petioled ovate or orbicular, racemes axillary lax few-fid., lower pedicels nearly as long as the calyx. Justicia glandulosa, Roth Nov. Sp.13?; not of Wall. S. Deccan Peninsuta; Wight (Herb. Propr. n. 675). Rootstock woody ; branches 8-12 in., wavy, closely pubescent, and with white patent hairs, some glandular. Zeaves 3% in., base rounded or in a few of the lower very shortly attenuated; petioie 0-1 in. Racemes 2-4 in., patent or recurved, wavy, sometimes bifid, upper subpanicled ; bracts 3 in., ovate. Sepals }-lin. Cap- sule 4 by 3 in., subobtuse.—Found loose in Wigbt’s Herbarium, marked simply Erianthera: it appears to fit very closely Roth’s description of his Justicia glandulosa. 18. A. serpyllifolia, Wight Ic. t. 517; stems procumbent villons, leaves small sessile orbicular, racemes many 1- or few-fid. in the lower axils. T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 503. Justicia serpyllifolia, Vahl Enum. i. 169. J. nummularifolia, Wall. Cat. 2461. Erianthera serpyllifolia, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. iti. 115, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 514. S. Drccan PeninsvLa; Mysore, Palamcotta, &c., Shuter, Wight, &. Rootstock woody ; annual stems 2-12 in., closely procumbent, curved, densely leafy. Leaves } in. diam., obtuse, more or less hairy. Racemes sometimes forming a small terminal quasi-panicle, but always with many 1-2-fid. in the lower axils ; bracts 7-4 in, orbicular, being gradually reduced leaves. Sepals -} in., linear ; in fruit often 3 in. Corolla}-4 in. Capsule 1-3 by 1-4 in. 19. A. Beddomei, Clarke ; leaves short-petioled elliptic and obovate glabrous, racemes solitary axillary small few-fid., lower pedicels viscons- pubescent, corolla 3 in. conspicuously 2-lipped, anthers exserted bases densely white-bearded. Mapras ; Kurnool, Nallaymallays, alt. 2000 ft., Beddome. Stems 4-6 in., subsimple, quadrangular. Leaves 34 by 13-2 in., subobtuse, some- what coriaceous, base cuneate, raphides 0 or obscure; petiole Qin. Racemes $ in., 3-5-fid., viscous-pubescent; bracts 2 in., oblong, subobtuse. Calyx 4 in. Corolla and stamens nearly as of A. echioides. Capsule not seen. XXIX. HAPLANTHUS, Nees. Erect herbs. Leaves petioled, ovate, entire. Flowers axillary, appearing whorled, whorls sometimes approximated into terminal spikes, surrounded by numerous barren branchlets, reduced to acicular cladodes terminated by 2-3 minute spines; proper bracts and bracteoles small. Calyz small; sepals sublinear. Corol/a smallish, tubular; limb 2-lipped; lobes imbri- cated. Stamens 2; anthers 2-celled; cells ovate, equal or one sometimes much smaller, muticous; connective very hairy behind. Ovary 6-16-ovu- late ; style shortly bifid at the tip. Capsule narrowly oblong acute, 6-16- seeded from the base. Seeds ellipsoid, somewhat compressed, densely shortly hairy when moistened.—Species 3, endemic in India. 1. H. verticillaris, Nees in DC. Prodr. ix. 513; cladodes in fruit stout rigid pubescent scarcely ciliate towards the tips, calyx minutely pubescent or glabrate. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl.197; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 504 Justicia verticillata, Rorb. Fl. Ind. i. 135. Haplanthus.] crix. acaytHaces. (C. B. Clarke.) 507 W. Deccan PENINSULA, frequent, Rowburgh, &c., extending north to Mt. Aboo, Stocks. Stems 2-8 ft., pubescent or nearly glabrous. Leaves 3} by 2 in., shortly acumi- nate, base suddenly attenuated, pubescent or nearly glabrous; petiole Lin. Cladodes often 1-1} in. in fruit, pubescent or glabrous, with or without scattered patent bristles in their lower half. Calya 4 in., glabrous or puberulous. Corolla % in., pale lilac. Calyx 4 in. and upwards, glabrous. 2. H. tentaculatus, Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 518; cladodes in fruit slender curved glabrous or pubescent not ciliate, calyx pubescent scarcely ciliate. Dalz. § Gibs. Bomb. Fl.197; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 503. Ruellia tentaculata, Linn. Aman. Acad. iv. 320; Burm. Fl. Ind. 134, t. 40, fig. 1. R. aciculata, Roth Nov. Sp. 301. Bompay; Dalzell. Brnaaum; Ritchie. Mawtazan; Yelwah Hill in Palghaut, Beddome. CENTRAL InpDIa; Mandoo, Edgeworth. Cladodes in fruit in. Corolla less than } in., white (Ritchie). Capsule }-jin., glabrous; seeds much smaller than in H. verticillaris.—Very near H. verticillaris. Dalzell says 1. c. that H. tentaculatus is a much stouter species than H. verticillaris ; but his numerous examples submitted are named by him in accordance with Nees’ naming. Vaz. nilgherrensis ; whorls collected mostly in terminal spikes, cladodes and sepals with many patent needle-like white hairs. H. nilgherrensis, Wight Ic. t. 1556. —Mts. of Nilghiri and Kurg, frequent ; Wight, Hohenacker, &c. Var. pl ; calyx densely hispid-hairy subplumose. H. plumosa, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 504. Haplanthus sp. n. 4, Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T.— Concau ; Stocks. Belgaum; Ritchie. 3..H.? hygrophiloides, T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 508; leaves petioled ovate acute tomentose on both surfaces, flowers axillary aggregated, bracts minute linear. Pueu; Brandis (fide T. Anderson). An insignificant weed; stems 4-angular furfuraceous. Leaves 1-14 by 3-1 in., minutely lineolate. Sepals }in., subulate. Corolla small, pubescent. Stamens 2; anthers 2-celled, one cell bearded. Capsule linear, compressed, glandular, many- seeded.—No example seen ; the foregoing copied from ‘T. Anderson. XXX. GYMNOSTACHYUM, Nees. Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves cauline or subradical, entire, sinuate crenulate or toothed. Cymes axillary or in a terminal panicle, often spicate or racemose, sometimes small axillary; bracts and bracteoles very small, except in G. hirsutum; flowers subsessile or shortly pedicelled. Calyx small (except in G. hirsutum), sub-5-partite; segments equal, linear- lanceolate. Corolla-tube slender, cylindric; limb small, 2-lipped ; lobes 5, subequal, quadrate-elliptic, imbricate. Stamens 2, nearly as long as the corolla ; filaments usually hairy at least near the base; anthers 2-celled ; cells subequal, oblong or ovate, hairy or glabrous. Ovary pubescent, many- ovulate; style subentire at the tip. Capsule linear, pubescent or nearly glabrate, 16-24-seeded. Seeds ovoid, compressed, hairy, hairs very shortly Spreading when moistened.—Species 15, Indian, with a few Malayan. * Panicle terminal, leafless or nearly so. + Leaves mostly near the base of the sten. 1. G. venustum, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soe. ix. 506; leaves large 508 crx. acantHacesz. (C. B. Clarke.) [Gymnostachyum. ovate, panicle large pubescent, corolla 3-1 in. slender. Justicia venusta, Wall. Cat. 2470, and Pl. As. Rar. i. 58, t. 66; Bot. Reg. t. 1380. Cryptophragmium venustum, Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar, iii. 180, and in DC. Prodr. xi. 94; Bot. Mag. t. 3208. Kuasta Mzs., alt. 0-4000 ft., common on the southern face, Wallich., H. f.f T., &e. Attaining 1-4 ft.; stem leafless or with few remote very small leaves. Radical leaves 6 by 3-4 in., or larger, acute, decurrent on the petiole, entire or undulate- crenate, nearly glabrous, or with scattered minute hairs above, nerves beneath pubes- cent; petiole 0-4in. Panicle sometimes 8 by 12 in., or reduced to a single spike ; flowers opposite, 1-3 together; bracts small, linear; bracteoles 0, Sepals 3+ in., linear, hairy. Corolla pubescent; limb deep purple or blueish. Anthers oblong, glabrous. Capsule 3 in. 2. G. febrifugum, Benth. in Flora 1849, 558; leaves ovate, panicle puberulous, curolla 14 in. upper half inflated, capsule 1 in. G. alatum, Wight Ic. t. 1525; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 506. S. Deccan Peninsuta; Mangalore, Hohenacker (n. 374), Wight. Nearly stemless. Leaves 64 by 3 in., decurrent on the petiole, subentire or undu- late-crenulate, above lineolate nearly glabrous or minutely sparsely setulose, beneath paler glabrous or pubescent on the nerves. Panicles 6-12 in., in appearance radical ; flowers opposite, solitary or in very small few-fid. cymes; bracts small, narrow; bracteoles 0. Sepals 1-2 in., glabrous or puberulous. Corolla glabrous. Anthers ovate, hairy.—Hohenacker -observes that ‘a decoction of the root is a febrifuge,” and Bentham’s name febrifugwm has one year’s priority over alatum. 3. G. ceylanicum, Arn. & Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. 93; leaves elliptic glabrate lineolate above, panicles linear pubescent, corolla in. TZ. Anders. an Thwaites Enum. 232, and in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 506; Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 265. Cryion; Walker, Thwaites, &c, Stem 1-3 in., villous. Leaves 3 by 14 in., obtuse, base acuminate, undulate- crenate, pubescent beneath especially on the nerves; petiole14in. Peduncles 1-6 in. ; panicles 5-9 by 3 in.; cymes small, subfascicled ; bracts } in., linear. Sepals 4 in, linear-lanceolate, grey-pubescent. Corolla nearly glabrous; tube narrow purplish ; limb small greenish-yellow. Anthers subquadrate, glabrous. Capsule 3 in. 4, G. Thwaitesii, 7. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 232; leaves elliptic hairy on both surfaces, panicles oblong pubescent, corolla 3 in. Bedd. Ie. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 255. CryLton; Ambagamowa District, Thwaites. Leaves above with many lax multicellular hairs. Panicle open; lateral cymes 3-1k in. Otherwise as G@. ceylanicum. 5. G. polyanthum, Wight Ic. t. 1494; leaves broadly ovate sub- glabrate base rounded or cordate, panicles linear glabrous or nearly so, corolla 3 in. Coore; Jerdon, in Herb. Wight. Stem 1 in., grey-puberulous. eaves 23 in. diam., shortly acute or subobtuse, nearly entire, punctulate above; nerves beneath much raised, grey-puberulous; petiole 1gin. Panicles 8 by } in.; flowers in subcapitate cymes; bracts minute, linear. Sepals 3-2 in., linear-lanceolate, glabrous or obscurely puberulous. Corolla puberu- lous, pink (in the dried example). Capsule 2 in.—Overlooked by T. Anderson. +t Stems elongate, leafy upwards. 6. G. paniculatum, T. Anders. in Thwaites Enum. 232; leaves ovate Gymnostachyum.| crx. acanroacea. (C. B. Clarke.) 509 w elliptic acute at both ends pubescent at least on the nerves beneath, euisle cae pubescent branches cymose, corolla % in. Bedd. Ic. Pl. nd. Or. t. 262. CErYLon, alt. 1-2000 ft.; Walker, Thwaites. Erect, 2-3 ft., hairy, leafy to the panicle. Leaves 5 by 2 in., undulate, lineolate, glabrate or hairy above; petiole} in. Panicles 7 by 3 in., sometimes somewhat leafy at the base ; lateral branches repeatedly closely 2-3-chotomous; bracts 3-4 in., linear; pedicels 0-3 in., often distinct. Sepals 4 in., linear-lanceolate, pubescent. Corolla pubescent. Anthers ovate, glabrous. Capsule % in. 7. G glabrum, 7. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 506; leaves ovate or elliptic acuminate at both ends undulate-crenate pubescent on the nerves beneath, panicle terminal villous, flowers fascicled on the spikes, corolla % in. Bedd. Ic. Pl. Ind. Or. t. 251. Cryptophragmium glabrum, Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 338; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 185. Concan; Law, Dalzell. An undershrub (Beddome) ; stems nearly glabrous. Leaves 7 by 23 in., puberu- lous on both surfaces or glabrate; petiole #in. lowers sessile, clustered ; bracts 4 in,, linear-lanceolate. Sepals 3 in., sublinear, villous, often viscid glandular. Corolla minutely pubescent, white purple-spotted in the throat.