ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY New York STAT COLLEGES OF AGRICULTURE AND Homr ECONOMICS AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY 3 1924 051 800 278 BRITISH FUNGUS-FLORA. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http :/Awww.archive.org/details/cu31924051800278 BRITISH EIN Gell =F iO Bik, A CLASSIF[ED TEXT-BOOK OF MYCOLOGY. BY GEORGE MASSEE, AUTHOR OF ‘‘ PLANT LIFE,” ‘“‘THE PLANT WORLD,” ETC. IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. Il. LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK ST., COVENT GARDEN, AND NEW YORK. 1893. OK 647 M uf Vr 24 R0RZe3 LONDON : PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. Ochrosporae Paxillus Cortinarius Crepidotus . Tubaria ‘Flammula Galera Naucoria Hebeloma Inocybe Bolbitius Pluteolus Pholiota Acetabularia Rhodosporae Claudopus Eccilia Clitopilus . Leptonia Nolanea Entoloma Pluteus Volvaria ’ Leucosporae Schizophyllum Trogia CONTENTS. vi Lenzites Xerotus Panus Lentinus Cantharellus Nyctalis Hygrophorus Pleurotus . Omphalia . Clitocybe Laccaria CONTENTS. PAGE . 804 806 . 807 311 . 318 . 829 331 . 363 383 402 442 Lig? Bolbitius apicalis . . Cantharellus aurantiacus . Claudopus depluens Clitocybe ericetorum Clitopilus prunulus Cortinarius albo-violaceus : Cortinarius decumbens Cortinarius obtusus Cortinarius purpurascens . Cortinarius stillatitius . Crepidotus calolepis Eccilia carneo-grisea Entoloma placenta . Entoloma prunuloides . Flammula purpurata Galera tenera Hebeloma glutinosus Hygrophorus Wynniae. Inocybe asterospora Inocybe seaber . (| vil ) OF FIGURES. => PAGE 3 | Lactarius blennius . 301 , Lentinus tigrinus 236 | Lenzites flaccida 301 | Leptonia aethiops . 236 | Naucoria temulenta 16 | Nolanea pascua 16 | Nyctalis asterophora 16 | Omphalia telmatiaea 16 | Panus stypticus 16 ; Pholiota mutabilis . 3 | Pleurotus gadinoides 236 | Pluteus pellitus. . 236 | Pluteolus reticulatus 236 | Schizophyllum commune 3 | Trogia crispa 3 | Tubaria furfuracea 3 | Volvaria temperata 301 | Volvaria volvacea 3 | Xerotus degener 3 FPUNGUS>+FLORA. OCHROSPORAE. Tue colour of the spores ranges in the various genera from pale dingy ochraceous, through bright ochre, to rusty-orange and ferruginous. In form the spores are either elliptical and symmetrical ; elliptical, but oblique or pip-shaped, and either smooth or minutely rough or granular. In some species of Inocybe the spores are irregularly globose and coarsely nodulose or warted. The simplest forms are either resupinate, or sessile and attached by the margin; and from this condition there is a sequence through the central-stemmed forms, having decurrent, adnate, adnexed, and free gills respectively. - In Pholiota there is a distinct interwoven ring on the stem, and in the large genus Cortinarius the secondary veil consists of fine cobweb-like hyphae from the first, which form a very imperfect zone round the stem, and also frequently hang in shreds from the margin of the pileus. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA. A. Gills separating spontaneously or very easily from the flesh of the pileus. Paxillus.—Margin of pileus persistently involute. B. Gills not separating spontaneously nor easily from the flesh of the pileus. t Universal veil cobweb-like, distinct from the cuticle of the pileus. VOL, Il. B 2, FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius.—Stem fleshy, continuous with the flesh of the pileus; gills soon powdered with the ochraceous or ferruginous spores. ti Universal veil never cobweb-like. * Stem excentric or absent. Crepidotus.—Fungi growing on wood. ** Stem central. § Stem without volva and without ring. Tubaria.—Gills decurrent; stem cartilaginous. Flammula.—Gills decurrent or adnate; stem fleshy, not cartilaginous, Galera.—Stem cartilaginous; margin of pileus straight at. first; gills adnexed or adnate. Naucoria.—Stem cartilaginous; margin of pileus incurved at first; gills adnexed or adnate. Hebeloma.—Stem fleshy, not cartilaginous; cuticle of pileus glabrous, viscid; gills sinuato-adnexed. FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE OCHROSPORAE. Tig. 1, Crepidotus calolepis, upper surface; nat. size;—Fig. 2, under surface of same; nat. size ;—Fig. 3, section of same; nat. size ;—Tig. 4, section of Tubaria furfuracea, nat. size, w small specimen;—Fig. 5, Galera tenera; nat. size of a small specimen ;—Fig. 6, section of same; nat. size;—Fig. 7, Pluteolus reticulatus ; section; nat. size of a small specimen ;—Fig. 8, Naucoria temulenta, one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 9, section of same; half nat. size ;—Fig. 10, Pholiota mutabilis, nat. size ;— Fig. 11, Inoeybe seaber ; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 12, section of same; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 13, spores of same, x 400 ;—Fig. 14, spores of Inocybe asterospora, x 300; —Fig. 15, Flammula purpurata, half nat. size;—Fig. 16, Hebeloma glutinosus; section half nat. size;—Fig. 17, spores of same, x300;—Fig. 18, Bolbitius apicalis; half nat. size ;— Fig. 19, spores of same, x 300. OCHROSPORAE. KEE ~S fy i ai Ys iy i} Hn & deh hen ul te i ow PS RS es abe 4 FUNGUS-FLORA. Inocybe.—Stem fleshy not cartilaginous; cuticle of pileus fibrillose or silky ; gills sinuato-adnexed. Bolbitius.—Pileus membranaceous; gills soon deliques- cent. Pluteolus.—Gills free. §§ Stem furnished with a volva or ring. Pholiota.—Ring present; volva absent. Acetabularia.— Volva present, ring absent. PAXILLUS. Fries. Pileus symmetrical, excentric, or conchiform ; margin invo- lute, more or less fleshy; stem central, excentric, lateral, or absent, expanding at the apex without differentiation into the flesh of the pileus; gills decurrent, usually separated from the flesh of the pileus by a thin differentiated horny or cartilaginous layer, hence easily separated from the latter; spores dirty white or pale ferruginous. Pazillus, Fries, Gen. Hymen., p. 8; Cke., Hdbk., p. 285. The most pronounced characteristics of the present genus are: the strongly involute pileus, the decurrent gills easily removable from the flesh of the pileus, and the dingy or ferruginous spores. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. “ I. Lepisra.—Pileus entire, central; spores dirty white (rather ferruginous in P. panaeolus). Il. Tapinta.— Pileus usually excentric or resupinate ; spores ferruginous. gr PAXILLUS. I. BEPISTA, Paxillus lepista. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. acro-s, flattened or depressed, dirty white, or cream-colour, sometimes minutely cracked or scaly, margin thin, even naked, strongly involute; gills narrow, rather crowded, decurrent, dingy white, then pale buff, easily sepa- rating from the pileus; stem 2-+ in. long, } in. or more thick, solid, flesh compact white, dingy white or cream-colour, with a separable cartilaginous cuticle that passes continuously between the gills and the flesh of the pileus; spores dingy, broadly pyriform, 6 x 8 p. Paxillus lepista, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 492; Cke., Hdbk., p. 285; Cke., Ilustr., t. 872. On the ground, usually in woods. Distinguished from the large white species of Clitocybe by the strongly involute margin of the pileus and the dingy gills and spores. Stem solid, compact, spongy-elastic, at length hollow, due to insect larvae, sometimes short, 1 in. or a little more, attenuated downwards, sometimes 3-4 in. long, equal, base always praemorse, } in. thick and more, whitish, sometimes tinged rufous or brownish, base white, villose. Cuticle of stem rather horny, contiguous with and similar to the hymenophore. Pileus sometimes (young) compact, fleshy, then (when old) thin, 3-4 in. and more broad, plano-depressed, obtuse, not striate, but towards the margin torn into squamules, dry, dirty white, the involute margin commonly undulately flexuous. Flesh white. Gulls deeply decurrent, slightly branched, but simple at the base, 2-3 lines broad, crowded, entire, dirty white becoming darker. Spores pallid reddish brown. Smell like meal, rather rancid. (Friex.) Paxillus Alexandri. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, compact, plane then depressed, margin strongly involute, dry, unpolished, fawn- colour or dingy yellowish-white, the margin when expanded faintly striate; gills decurrent, crowded, 1 line broad, honey- colour; stem 2-1 in. long, 3-3 in. thick, solid, whitish; spores pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4 p. ; Paxillus Alexandri, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 401; Cke., Hdbk., p. 379; Cke., Illustr., pl. 1162. 6 FUNGUS-FLORA On the ground. Very hard and compact. Almost exactly resembling a small form of Lactarius vellereus, but known in the field by the honey-coloured gills. Allied to Pazillus sordarius, but at first sight almost exactly resembling Pazillus involutus, stem about 4 in. long, but above an inch thick, coalescing with moss downwards. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, rarely more. Flesh yellowish-white ; spores whitish. (Fries.) Paxillus extenuatus. Fr. Pileus 14-34 in. across, rigid, disc very fleshy, becoming quite thin towards the margin, campanulato-convex then flattened, naked, glabrous, moist, brownish-tan, or yellowish- tan, margin involute, pubescent, even; gills deeply decurrent, closely crowded, arcuate, about 2 lines broad, white then mouse-colour ; stem 14-2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, elastic, fibrous, tough, glabrous, solid, ending in a tuberous rooting base. Panaeolus extenuatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 816; Cke., Hdbk., p. 285; Cke., Illustr., pl. 873. ? Grassy places in fir woods, &c. The mycelium at the base of the stem adheres to the soil and forms a tuber. Cooke’s figure quoted above has the gills yellowish white. Stem solid, spongy within, fibrous outside and tough, rather horny, elastic, conico-elongated and rather clavate when young, then more equal, 14-2 in. long, 4 in. thick, glabrous, pallid, base incrassated and rooting, binding the humus into a large bulb. Pileus fleshy, disc compact, rest thin, even, glabrous, moist, at first convex, gibbous, then expanded, obtuse, cracking, 14-3 in. broad, clay-colour or brownish clay-colour. Margin at first involute, downy, at length expanded, very rigid and fragile. Flesh watery, white, rigid, not a line thick except at the disc, splitting ; gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded, linear, very narrow, whitish. (Fries.) Paxillus panaeolus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, becoming rather depressed, glabrous, moist, whitish, margin PAXILLUS. 7 thin, involute; gills slightly decurrent, crowded about 1 line broad, at length watery ferruginous; stem 1-1} in. long, 2-3 lines thick, fibrillosely striate, thickened downwards, rufescent, stuffed ; spores subglobose, pale ferruginous, 5 « diameter. Pawillus panaeolus, Fries, Monogr., pp. 117 and 310; Cke., Hdbk., p. 286; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 8744. On the ground in pine woods, &e. Smaller and more slender than Pazillus extenuatus. Flesh becoming blackish. Gills separated from the flesh of the pileus by a cartilaginous line. (Fries. Subgregarious ; at first entirely dirty-white without and within, then becoming yellowish; gills at length watery- cinnamon. Stem fleshy, stuffed, 1 in. or more long, 3 lines thick, striato-fibrillose, thickened downwards. Pileus fleshy, rather compact, convex, then expanded and subdepressed, even, glabrous, moist, with drop-like markings, 1-2 in. broad, margin thin, villous, involute. Gills rather decur- rent; crowded, narrow, subvenose at the base, separated from the flesh of the pileus bya horny line. Spores watery ferruginous. (Fries.) Var. spilomaeus. Fries. Pileus spotted, as with drops, and like the slender stem, white then yellowish. Gills watery ferruginous, horny- grey at the base. In pine woods. Paxillus orcelloides. Cke. & Mass. Pileus 1-14 in. across, flesh very thin, white, convex then flattened, but with the margin persistently incurved, minutely silky, shining, snow-white at first, becoming stained with greyish blotches; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, 14 line broad, whitish then livid, at length dingy yellowish-brown, separated from the flesh of the pileus by a horny line; stem 1-1} in. long, 3 lines thick at the apex, gradually tapering to the base, which is not more than 1 line thick, elastic, silky-fibrillose, solid, ochraceous ; spores elliptical, pale dingy ochraceous, 8 x 4 p. Paxillus (Lepista) orcelloides, Cke. and Massee, Grevillea, vol. xvi. p. 46; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 8748. Amongst grass. 8 FUNGUS-FLORA. Scattered. Allied to Pawillus panaeolus, rather larger, and stem constantly tapering from apex to base; the spores alone separate the two. ‘Paxillus lividus. Cooke. Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex, at length slightly depressed at the disc, margin slightly arched and incurved, dingy- white, or livid ochraceous, opaque; gills decurrent, arcuate, almost crowded, 14 line broad, white; stem 3-4 in. long, 4 in. thick at the apex, attenuated downwards, white, fibril- lose, stuffed then hollow, usually rather flexuous; flesh nearly white; spores globose, 3-3'5 » diameter, nearly white. : Paxillus (Lepista) lividus, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 45; Cke., Hadbk., p. 286; Cke., Illustr. t. 861. In woods. Usually in small clusters. Closely allied to Pawillus revolutus, but distinguished by the absence of any tinge of violet on the pileus or stem, and by the persistently white gills. Indications of rather coarse longitudinal striae are present on the stem in all Cooke’s figures. Paxillus revolutus. Cooke. Pileus 1-1} in. across, convex, obtuse, pale ochraceous, slightly darker at the disc, margin thin, even, sometimes at first tinged with violet, a little revolute; gills very decur- rent, 14 line broad, scarcely crowded, pallid then clay- coloured ; stem 1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick at the apex, gradually attenuated downwards, paler than the pileus, often tinted with violet at the base, solid; spores globose, pale, 3°5—-4 p diameter. Pawillus (Lepista) revolutus, Cke., Grevillea, vol. xvi. p. 45; Cke., Hdbk., p. 287; Cke., Illustr., pl. 862. in fields. Odour mealy, Allied to Pawillus lividus, but known by the deeply decurrent, clay-coloured gills. II. TAPINIA. Paxillus paradoxus. Cooke. Pileus 1-3 in. across, convex then expanded, sometimes irregular or lobed, dry, densely tomentose, rufous-umber, PAXILLUS. 9 often with a tinge of purple; flesh thick in the centre, becoming very thin towards the margin, white, tinged vinous below the cuticle; gills decurrent, distant, 2 lines broad, connected by veins, pale then deep yellow, becoming reddish when bruised; stem 2-1 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, equal, attenuated below, or slightly bulbous, unequal, fibrillose, yellow, more or less stained with red, solid; spores pip-shaped, pale yellow, 20-22 x 7-8 p. Os paradoxus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 287; Cke., Illustr., pl. S84. Agaricus (Flammula) paradoxus, WKalchbrenner, Fung. Hung., t. 16, f. 1; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 244. On the ground. Known at once by the dark-coloured, minutely velvety pileus, and the bright yellow decurrent gills. Paxillus involutus. Fr. Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, compact, convexo-plane then depressed, almost glabrous, tawny-ochraceous, the involute margin villose; flesk pallid; gills more or less decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, branched, anastomosing behind, dingy ochraceous, becoming darker when bruised; stem 1-2 in. long, up to # in. thick, solid, firm, naked, paler than the pileus. Paxillus involutus, Fries, Epicr., p. 317; Cke., Hdbk., p. 287; Cke., Illustr., pl. 875. Agaricus involutus, Batsch, Consp., f. 61. On the ground. Commonly large, stout, pileus villose near the strongly involute margin, with the gills anastomosing and forming irregular pores near the base, and becoming darker when touched, distinguish the species. Fries.) Pileus 2-3 in. broad, depressed in the centre, margin much rounded, involute and villose, yellowish or ochrey- brown, very smooth when dry. Lamellae rather numerous, sometimes simple, but mostly irregularly forked, brown- yellow, somewhat decurrent. Stipes 2-3 in. long, solid, firm, sometimes hollow in old plants, }—1 in. thick, brownish- buff, frequently stained or spotted, often not central, and iucurved at the base. (Grev.) 10 FUNGUS-FLORA. Var. excentricus, Fries. Pileus excentric, stem short. On trunks. Paxillus leptopus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, excentric, gibbous, at length de- pressed, torn into villose squamules, yellowish-brown, flesh yellow; gills decurrent, simple, ‘straight, very narrow, yellowish, then darker, not becoming spotted when bruised ; stem solid, very short, attenuated downwards, incurved, rarely 1 in. long, flesh yellow; spores pip-shaped, pale dingy yellow, 8-9 x 5 p. Pazillus leptopus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 811; Cke., Hdbk., p. 287; Cke., Illustr., pl. 875. Pazillus filamentosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 317. On the ground and on stumps. On the ground amongst fragments of pine wood. Re- sembling Pazillus involutus, but differing: (1) Stem very short, scarcely reaching 1 inch, rather incurved, attenuated downwards, yellow within. (2) Pileus always excentric or lateral, at length depressed, but gibbous at the centre, 14-3 in. broad, dry, densely tomentose, soon broken up into densely compacted, villose, brown or yellowish squamules. 3) Thin flesh of the pileus and that of the stem, yellow. 4) Gills simple behind, decurrent, but not anastomosing, straight, crowded, very narrow, yellowish, then becoming darker, but not becoming spotted when touched. ‘Size and form variable, smaller than P. involutus, commonly 2 in. broad and high. (Fries.) Paxillus atro-tomentosus. Fr. Pileus 3-5 in. across, very fleshy and compact, more or less excentric, gibbous then passing from plane to infundibuli- form, dry, rivuloso-granulose, ferruginous, margin thin, involute; flesh white, tinged brown under the cuticle; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, 2 lines broad, branched at the base, yellowish tawny; stem about 1 in. long and thick, ascending, rooting, covered except at the apex with a dense blackish-umber velvety pile; spores elliptical, pale yellowish, 5 xX 24-3 p. Pazillus atro-tomentosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 317; Cke., Hdbk., p. 288; Cke., Illustr., pl. 876. PAXILLUS. 11 In pine woods on trunks and on the ground. Commonly solitary. Robust, firm, often large; usually solitary. Stem solid, elastic, 2-3 in. long, }$-1 in. thick, subequal, not tuberous, curved, ascending, rooting, covered densely with umber- black tomentum, which sometimes has a violet tinge. Pileus compact, fleshy, excentric, plane then infundibuliform, some- tines entirely lateral and ascending, 2-4 in. and more broad, dry, surface cracked into granules, sometimes tomeutose, ferruginous, form various. Gills adnate, hardly decurrent, and appearing from their position, ascending, branched at the base, rather anastomosing but not porose as in P. involutus, crowded, 3 lines broad, yellowish, readily separating from the grooved flesh of the pileus. Spores almost clay- colour, paler than those of P. involutus. (Fries.) Paxillus crassus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, oblique, almost plane, even, becoming ferruginous; flesh thin at the margin, thick at the centre and passing insensibly into the stem, soft and spongy, yellowish-brown; gills decurrent, 2 lines broad, rather distant, straight, not anastomosing, cinnamon ; stem }—3 in. long, tapering downwards, excentric, ascending, stuffed, coloured like the pileus; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 15-18 x 7-8 p. Paxillus crassus, Fries, Epicr., p. 318; Cke., Hdbk., p. 288 ; Cke., INustr., pl. 877. On trunks, worked wood, &e. The present species looks much more like a Flammula than a Paxillus. Paxillus panuoides. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, dimidiate, shell-shaped or fan- shaped, minutely pubescent then almost smooth, sessile or extended behind into a stem-like base, dingy yellow; gills decurrent, crowded, branched, crisped or rugulose, yellow; flesh of pileus 2 lines thick, equal. Paxillus panuoides, Fries, Kpicr., p. 318; Cke., Hdbk., p. 288; Cke., Illustr., pl. 878. On pine and other wood, on sawdust, &. Very variable. Very distinct from the preceding species in the pileus 12 FUNGUS-FLORA. being sessile or extended behind ; at first sessile resnpinate, soon shell-shaped, dimidiate, obovate, at length broadly ex- panded, undulately lobed, often imbricated. Every part dingy yellow. Size very variable, about 14 in. long. Surface minutely pubescent, then glabrous, slightly rivulose. Flesh equal, but thin. Gulls decurrent to the base, anastomosing behind, branched, crowded, crisped, yellow. In a small form the gills radiate from an excentric point. (Fries.) Var. fagi, Cooke. Gregarious, crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath; gills crisped, orange. Paczillus panuoides, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1961. On a beech stump. Although described as a distinct species, we fail to detect in the dried specimens, or in the spores, any specific dif- ference from P. panuoides; only the deeper colour of the gills and different habit being manifest. (Cooke.) CORTINARIUS. Fries. (All figs. on p. 16.) Pileus symmetrical, flesh thick or membranaceous ; stem central, flesh continuous with that of the pileus; veil cob- web-like or silky-fibrillose, not interwoven to form a mem- brane, distinct from the cuticle of the pileus and superficial, not forming a distinct ring on the stem, but frequently remaining as a silky or fibrillose zone; gills persistent, dry, pulverulent, often violet at first, finally ferruginous or bright cinnamon from the spores. Cortinarius, Fries, Epicr., p. 255; Cke., Hdbk., p. 236. One of the most natural of genera belonging to the Agaricinae, but at the same time difficult to define in words. The most marked features are the cobweb-like or spidery veil and the bright ferruginous spores. The gills are dry and thin, the mode of attachment various, free, sinuate and adnexed, adnate, and sometimes with a decurrent tooth, but rarely truly decurrent. When young, the gills are often more or less tinged with purple or blue, as is also the stem, and in fact in many species every part of the fungus is more or less tinged with purple or blue when young, this colour, however, usually disappearing at maturity. CORTINARIUS. 13 Cortinarius is most nearly allied to Flammula, but in the latter genus most of the species grow on wood, the gills are often truly decurrent, and the spores are not bright ferru- ginous. All the species of Cortinarius grow on the ground, mostly in woods, or amongst grass under trees. The most natural of the genera of the Agaricinae, but not easily defined by artificial characters. The veil and gills afford the principal marks of distinction. Gills usually becoming cinnamon-colour. Rare or wanting in hot coun- tries, but generally abundant in northern woods. All are autumnal. The appearance is very different at different stages of growth, and also depending upon the amount of moisture present. It is necessary, therefore, to examine species in both the young and old stage. Some species of Flammula resemble them, but are not likely to be confounded. with them. (Fries.) ANALYSIS OF THE SUBGENERA OF CORTINARIUS. J. Patecmacium. Fries, Epicr., p. 256. Partial veil cobweb-like. ileus viscid, equally fleshy. stem firm, dry. II. Myxaciuu. Fries, Epicr., p. 273. Pileus and stem both viscid; flesh of pileus rather thin ; the viscidity of the scarcely bulbous stem due to the glutinous universal veil; gills adnate or decurrent. II]. Ivotoma. Fries, 8. M., i. p. 216. Pileus equally fleshy, not viscid, dry, not hygrophanous, covered at first with innate, silky, fibrillose squamules. Veil simple. Stem fleshy, rather bulbous. IY. Dermocyse. Fries, Epicr., p. 283. Flesh of pileus thin and equal, watery or coloured when moist; dry, not viscid nor hygrophanous, at first villous from an innate silkiness, but glabrous when adult; stem 14 FUNGUS-FLORA, equal or attenuated, rigid externally, elastic or fragile, stuffed then hollow. Veil simple, fibrillose (in C. caninus forming a zone round the stem). VY. TeLamonra. Fries, 8. M., i. p. 210. Pileus hygrophanous, moist, at first glabrous or sprinkled with the whitish superficial fibrils of the veil, flesh either equally thin, or when thick, becoming abruptly thin towards the margin (not equally attenuated), splitting. Stem either annulate or peronately squamulose below from the universal veil, apex rather cortinate above, hence with a double veil. VI. Hyerocyse. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93. Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils, moist when growing but not viscid, becoming pale in colour when dry; flesh very thin, or scissile, disc rarely more com- pact. Stem rather rigid, not peronate; veil thin, fibrillose, rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the stem. Subgen. HYGROCYBE. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. Fremiores. Pileus rather fleshy, convex or campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, margin at first incurved. Stem (in most cases) attenuated upwards. * Stem and veil white. ** Stem aud gills usually violet. (In certain species of the previous section the stem shows an evanescent tinge of violet at the apex.) *** Stem and imperfect veil yellow or rufous. *#** Stem becoming dusky, veil pallid, dingy, or whit (not yellow); gills dark. ‘ P 8) ite CORTINARIUS. 15 II. TEenxviores. Pileus almost membranaceous, conical then expanded, umbonate, umbo acute, rarely obtuse or indistinct (in the contrary ratio in Firmiores); margin straight at first. Stem almost equal or attenuated towards the base. * Stem white. ** Stem violet or reddish. *** Stem yellowish, usually growing pale. **** Stem growing dusky. Subgen. HYGROCYBE. Fr. Firmiores. Pileus rather fleshy, margin incurred when young. * Stem and veil ichite. Cortinarius (Hygr.) firmus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, truly and equally fleshy as in the subgenus Inoloma, convexo-plane, obtuse, firm, even, glabrous, shining, dry, scarcely viscid when moist, not bibulo-hygrophanous, tawny-ochraceous, unchangeable ; flesh not splitting, white; gills emarginate, crowded, thin, but brown, almost the colour of the pileus, quite entire; stem 3 in. long, about } in. thick, naked, firm, rather elastic, base clavate or rather bulbous, rarely equal, solid, white; veil fibrillose, white, fugacious. Cortinarius (Hygr.) firmus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93; Cke., Habk., p. 274; Cke., Illustr., pl. 792. Grassy places in mixed woods. Known from allies (C. subferrugineus, &c.), by the clear colour of the pileus and white stem. (Fries.) The veil and fibrils of the stem become at length ferruginous. Cortinarius (Hygr.) subferrugineus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, unequally fleshy, disc abruptly compact, convex then expanded, obtuse, often flexuous, firm 16 FUNGUS-FLORA. 7 TR nd x x S Hii vues a SSN Buss - Hy NN CORTINARIUS. 17 but not rigid, even, glabrous, ferruginous or watery cinnamon, more or less hygrophanous, when dry tawny, shining, or becoming pale; flesh splitting, dingy, pale ochraceous; gills very emarginate, 3 lines broad, more or less crowded, at first pale, soon watery, then dingy ferruginous; stem in the typical furm solid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards ; adpressedly fibrillose, externally rigid, subcartilaginous, pallid, soft within and dull orange at the base; amongst heaps of rotten pine leaves, stout, very much inflated, spongy ; size variable, usually 3 in. long, } in. thick; veil entirely fibrillose, marginal only, not peronate, very fugacious, spores 8-10 x 5-6 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) subferrugineus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274; Cke., Illustr., pl. 808. On the ground amongst leaves, &c., smell and taste unpleasant. There are many forms distinct so far as colour is concerned, but difficult to describe. Distinguished from C. armeniacus in the opaque colour; fleshy, obtuse pileus, the stem not being elastic, and in the veil not collapsing. Differs from C. bivelus in the simple veil, smooth hygrophanous pileus, (watery ferruginous when moist, becoming ferruginous-tan when dry.) (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) armeniacus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, rigid, rather fleshy, flesh-coloured ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CORTINARIUS. Fig. 1, Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) purpurascens, Fr., entire fungus, showing the cobweb-like veil and the marginate bulb of the stem; about one-third nat. size ;—Fig 2, sect'on of same, showing the fleshy pileus ; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 3, Cortinarius (.Micacium) stillatitius, Fr. ; about one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 4, section of same; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 5, Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) obtusus. Fr,; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 6, section of same ; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 7, Cortinar:us (Inoloma) albo-violaceus, ¥r.; about one-third nat. size ;—T ig. 8, section of same; one-third nat. size ;—Fig. 9, Cortinarius (Telamonia), gentilis, Fr.; one-third nat. size ; —Fig. 10, Cortinarius (Dermocybe) decumbens, Fr.; one-third nat. size ;— Fig. 11, section of same; one-third nat. size;—Fig. 11a, spores of same ; x 400;—Fig. 12, basidium and spores of Cortinarius (Inoloma) albo- violaceus, Fr. ; x 400 ;—Fig. 13, spores of Cortinarius ( Hyd r ocybe) obtusus, Fr.; x 400;—Fig. 14, apores of Cortinarius (Phlegmactum) purpurascens, Fr.; x 400. VOL. II. Cc 18 FUNGUS-FLORA. like the pileus, splitting; campanulate, convex, then expanded, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even, glabrous, not viscid, tawny-cinnamon when moist, ochraceous when dry, margin faintly striate here and there; gills adnate, at length slightly rounded, always crowded, rather broad, at first pallid then tawny cinnamon, shining; stem usually 2-3 in. long, 4 in. thick, fibrillose, rigid and rather cartila- ginous outside, stuffed and spongy within, hence elastic, every part white, conico-attenuated; when growing on rotten heaps of leaves in moist places, the stem is much inflated, amongst damp moss it is longer and more slender ; spores elliptical, 8-9 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) armeniacus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 94; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274; Cke., Illustr., pl. 793. In woods, especially of pine. Firm, bright, changeable, gills thin, at length shining. White fibrils of the pileus soon vanishing, flesh readily splitting, ochraceous when dry. (Fries.) Pileus 2-4 in. broad, campanulate, soon convex, expanded, sometimes acutely umbonate, margin thin, patent, moist, not viscid ; when dry tan, inclining to light red. Grills distinct, 2-3 lines broad, when young watery cinnamon. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2 lines to 2 in. thick, rather soft, sometimes above, conic or subequal; veil rather woven. (Fries.) Var. falsarius, Fries. Pileus yellow, white when dry. Cortinarius (Hygr.) damascenus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, firm, flesh of disc thick, at the margin very thin; convexo-plane, orbicnlar, obtuse or very obtusely umbonate, even, almost glabrous, usually torn into minute squamules when dry, cinnamon-bay, dise often darker; gills adnate, rather distant, thin, distinct, narrowest in front, opaque, pale cinnamon; stem 3 in. long, 4 in. thick, exactly cylindrical, and equal, hard, elastic, fibrillose, white, solid; veil fibrillose, white, fugacious; spores elliptical, 12x 6p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) damascenus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 95; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 387; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274; Oke., Illustr., pl. 856. In meadows and pastures. CORTINARICS. 19 Subcaespitose ; taste acrid. Pileus broadly gibbous, disc sometimes bay; cuticle rigid, torn up into granules when dry. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) privignus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, slightly and unequally fleshy, convex then expanded, sometimes reflexed and undulate, obtusely umbonate, not striate, dry, but remarkably hygro- phanous, fundamental colour brown, but pale and hoary from the remains of the very thin white veil, pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, broad, not crowded, distinct, at first waterv, then opaque cinnamon, margin serrated and albo-fimbriate in a perfect condition; stem about 3 in. long, 3 lines thick, often twisted, sometimes attenuated from the base, at others equal, pale, silvery, here and there silky-white from the veil ; spores 8 X 5 yp. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) privignus, Fries, Epicr., p. 304; Cke., Tllustr., pl. 827; Cke., Hdbk., p. 275. Damp places in pine woods. Very fragile, scented, but scarcely acrid. Gills rather broad, at first with a slight flesh-coloured tinge, with no tinge of violet; there is in rare instances a fugacious violet tinge at the apex of the stem. With the habit of Cortinarius (CInoloma) malachius. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) duracinus. Fr. Pileus 14-2} in. across, rather fleshy, thin, convex then plane, gibbous, glabrous, pale tan-colour, opaque ; gills adnate, 3 lines broad, rather crowded, thin, watery cinna- mon; stem 14-2} in. long, $ in. or more at the thickest part, rigid, unequal, more or less ventricose at or below the middle, ending in a tapering, rooting base, whitish, silky, as is also the incurved margin of the pileus from the veil, glabrous, stuffed; spores 5 X 3 yp. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) duracinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 304; Cke., Hdbk., p. 275; Cke., Tllustr., pl. 809. On the ground, especially in woods. Remarkable, becoming pale, rigid, cuticle of pileus and stem hard. Stem sometimes bulbous with a fusiform root, sometimes entirely fusiform, even, cuticle separable. The c 2 20 FUNGUS-FLORA. extreme half-line of the pileus sharply incurved, and with a raised zone near the margin. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) illuminus. Fr. Pileus 14-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous, glabrous, pale brick-red or reddish-tan, margin thin; gills adnate, rather distant, about 2 lines broad, pallid then cinnamon; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick at the base, attenuated upwards, silky fibrous, pallid becoming ferruginous; imperfectly hollow; veil white; spores fer- ruginous, elliptical, 11-12 x 6-7 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) illuminus, Fries, Epicr., p. 305; Cke., Habk., p. 275; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 841. In pine woods. Separated by slight features, hence difficult to distinguish from Cortinarius subferrugineus, C. armeniacus, and C. balaus- tinus. Stem soft, almost hollow, 3-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, attenuated upwards, silky-fibrillose, becoming fer- ruginous, but pallid, inside and base white. Veil evident, fibrillose. Pileus rather fleshy, obtusely umbonate, 2-3 in. broad, even, under a lens slightly innato-tibrillose, virgate, for the rest glabrous, reddish-tan when moist, paler when dry. Gills adnate, scarcely crowded, at first pallid (reddish- tan), 2 lines, when adult 5 lines broad, cinnamon, hase often venose. A form occurs in beech woods with a yellowish- white, stuffed stem, and the pileus more distinctly tawny- cinnamon ; another form in pine woods has the stem elongated and twisted almost as in C. tortuosus. (F ries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) tortuosus. Fr. Pileus 1}—2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, rather gibbous, even, shining, ferruginous-bay or brick-red ; gills adnate, crowded, margin quite entire, tawny, becoming blood-red when bruised; stem 3-4 in. long, 8-4 lines thick, equal, rigid, rather twisted, silvery, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptic-oblong, ferruginous, 15-16 x 8 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) tortuosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 305; Cke., Illustr., pl. 857; Cke., Hdbk., p. 275. In damp pine and other woods. Stem sometimes short, usually elongated and much twisted, rooting, apex at first tinged with violet. Easily distinguished CORTINARIUS. 21 by the shining tawny gills becoming blood-red when bruised. (Fries.) In the British specimens, collected at Scarborough, the pileus also became blood-red or purplish when bruised. Cortinarius (Hygr.) dilutus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, umbonate, umbo small, often disappearing, glabrous when the veil is removed, bay-brown to pale brick-red when moist, tan when dry, opaque in both conditions; gills deeply emarginate, deeply ventricose, 3-4 lines broad, crowded, pale cinnamon, not shining; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, slightly attenuated from the base, not cartilaginous and polished, white-silky, then becoming glabrous, opaque, whitish, stuffed then hollow; veil white, often remaining in patches or forming a spurious zone on the stem, and remain- ing as a white silky zone near the margin of the pileus; spores elliptical, 6 x +p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) dilutus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 98; Cke., Hdbk., p. 276; Cke., Illustr., pl. 810. Agaricus dilutus, Bolton, t. 10. In woods. Inodorous. Every part soft and fragile, by which the present species is known from the much more robust Cort. armeniacus, with which it agrees in colour, for which reason it was at one time mistaken for a thin form of that species. (Fries.) ** Stem and gills usually becoming violet. Cortinarius (Hygr.) saturninus. Fr. Pileus 2~3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, very thin elsewhere, campanulate then expanded, glabrous, moist, dark bay or brick-red, becoming discoloured, silky-white at the margin from the fibrillose veil ; gills adnexed, thin, crowded, purplish then watery ferruginous, about 2 lines broad ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, almost equal, base incrassated, even, deep violet then whitish, stuffed, veil inferior, distinctly fibrillose, whitish. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) saturninus, Fries, Epicr., p. 306; Cke., Hdbk., p. 276; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 828. 22 FUNGUS-FLORA. In grassy places. Odour faint. Evidently allied to Cortinarius armeniacus, and when old and decoloured the two are easily confounded. Subcaespi- tose, odour weak. Stem firm, stuffed, spongy within, in- crassated downwards, 2-3 in. long, }-1 in. thick, sometimes shorter and bulboso-ventricose, fibrillose, saturated violet, but becoming whitish. Veil inferior, copious, white. Pileus unequally fleshy, campanulate when young, then expanded, obtuse, 2-3 or even 4-5 in. broad, even, glabrous, or when young superficially silky near the margin from the veil; dark bay or almost umber, soon becoming dry and brick-red, losing colour very much. Flesh violet becoming whitish, thin at the margin. Gills rounded behind, adfixed, very broad (4 lines) crowded, thin, fragile, purplish when young, at length watery ferruginous. (Tries. ) Cortinarius (Hygr.) imbutus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy in the centre, very thin else- where, convex, obtuse, glabrous, yellowish tan, becoming pale when dry, slightly fibrillose towards the margin ; gills adnate, rather distant, about 4 lines broad, greyish-violet then cinnamon; stem 2~3 in. long, $ in. or more thick, equal, even, whitish, apex tinged with violet, solid; spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) imbutus, Fries, Bpicr., p. 306; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 276; Cke., Dlustr., pl. 870. In woods. Stem solid, equal, 3 in. long, not an inch thick, sometimes twisted, even, scarcely fibrillose, whitish, apex dilute violet, same colour within. Veil white, adhering to the margin of the pileus and to the stem, fugacious. Pileus almost equally fleshy, convex, obtuse, 3 in. broad, even, glabrous, hoary- fibrillose towards the margin, tan-colour then yellowish-red. Gills rounded behind, rather distant, 3 lines broad, at first dark grey or greyish-violet, never with a purple tinge, then watery cinnamon. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) castaneus. Bull. Pileus about 14 in. across, rather fleshy but firm, almost tough, campanulate then expanded, sometimes obtusely umbonate, often irregular, even, glabrous, brownish-chestnut, CORTINARITS. 23 scarcely paler when dry. but shining, umbo becoming blackish, paler towards the margin; gills adnate but some- times emarginate, crowded, thin, 2-3 lines broad, edge whitish, colour at first either purple-violet or ferruginous, ferruginous when adult in either case; stem about 1 in. long, 2-3 lines broad, tough, cartilaginous outside, slightly fibrillose from the: veil, otherwise glabrous, even, almost equal, violet or pallid-red, not changing when dry, imper- fectly hollow; veil entirely fibrillose, scanty, white, from which the pileus has a white, silky zone round the margin; spores obscure ferruginous. Agaricus (Hygrocybe) castaneus, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 99; Cke., Illustr., pl. 842; Cke., Hdbk., p. 276. Agaricus castaneus, Bull., Champ., t. 268. Grassy places in woods, pastures, &c. Gregarious or caespitose, always small. A larger, solitary form occurs, having the pileus up to 2 in. across, umbilicate, gills less crowded. (Fries.) Gregarious. Pileus 1 in. or more broad. subcarnose, at first obtuse with a delicate fibrillose veil which makes the margin appear silvery, dark-bay or dirty-violet, sometimes with a tawny tint, soon expanded, broadly umbonate, umbo more or less obtuse. Gills of the colour of the pileus, or purplish-umber, at length subferruginous, ventricose, adnate. Stem 14 in. high, 2 lines thick, beautifully fibrillose and white from the veil beneath, much paler than the pileus, but with more or less of the same tint, sometimes tinged with violet. Odour none; taste like that of A. oreades. Eatable. When growing on wood it is conical and more tawny. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) bicolor. Cooke. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then expanded, broadly, or occasionally rather acutely umbonate, somewhat fragile, dingy whitish, with an occasional tinge of lilac, even, smooth, silky, shining, flesh thin, colour of the pileus, or paler; gills adnate, with a tooth, 3-4 lines broad, rather ventricose, slightly erected at the edge, rather broad, scarcely crowded, purplish-violet, then cinnamon; stem about 2 in. long, } in. thick, equal or attenuated down- wards, often curved, pallid violet, becoming whitish, solid; 24 FUNGUS-FLORA. veil fugacious, white; spores elliptical, a little attenuated towards one or both ends, 12-14 x 6-7 p. : Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) bicolor, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 45; Cke., Hdbk., p. 277; Cke., Iustr., pl. 871, also pl. 820, f 3, (as Cortinarius quadricolor.) On the ground in mixed woods. Flesh of stem bright and purplish-violet at the base, pallid above. (Cooke.) ** Stem and imperfect veil yellow or rufous. Cortinarius (Hygr.) balaustinus. Fr. Pileus 1-2) in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist, virgate- with innate fibrils, glabrous, rufous-ferrugi- nous, tawny brick-red and shining when dry; gills adnate, broad behind, rather crowded, ferruginous-rufous; stem about 3 in. long, conically attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, pallid, then tawny-ferruginous externally and in- ternally, solid; spores obliquely elliptical, 8 x 4-5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) balaustinus, Fries, Hpicr., p. 307 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 277; Cke., Illustr., p!. 794. In beech woods, &c. Size of Cort. subferruginous; veil becoming rufous. Stem often incurved. Gills quite entire, at first deep cinnamon. In beech woods. Entirely rufous or rufo-ferruginous, larger and more robust than other species of the subgenus. Stem stuffed, clavato-bulbous, attenuated upwards, firm, 2-3 in. long, } in. thick, often curved, fibrillose, pale and streaked with rufous when young, ferruginous outside and inside when adult. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then ex- panded, 3 in. broad, obtuse, almost glabrous, but under a lens minutely fibrillose-virgate, moist when fresh (but not viscid), reddish-ferruginous, reddish-tawny when dry, shining, the thin margin expanded. Gills adnate, rather crowded, broad, quite entire, at iength rather distant, rufous, (ferruginous-red), very bruad behind. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) colus. Fr. Pileus 1~2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate when young, then convex, obtusely umbonate or altogether obtuse, symmetrical, rufous-brown, when dry paler, brick-red, CORTINARIUS. 2d shining ; flesh similarly coloured, dingy white when dry ; gills adnate, scarcely sinuate, 3 lines broad, plane, firm, tough, rather thick, not very crowded, veined, dark cin- » + enamon, paler when young; stem + in. long, 3-4 lines thick at the base, 2 lines at the apex, stiff, naked, not cartilaginous, but everywhere remarkably longitudinally fibrillose, splitting, the fibrils coloured like the pileus, base sometimes rooting, encircled by blood-red mycelium; veil entirely fibrillose, tawny-red ; spores ochraceous, pip-shaped, 9 x 4 pu. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) colus, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 102; Cke., Hdbk., p. 277; Cke., [lustr., pl. 795. In pine woods. Mycelium fiery-orange. Cortinarius (Hygr.) isabellinus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, rather umbonate, even, glabrous, yellowish; when dry yellow and shining; gills adnate, rather distant, broad but thin, at first yellow then cinnamon-tan; stem 4 in. long, 4 lines thick, everywhere equal, very rigid and firm, partly hollow, dis- tinctly striated, yellowish ; veil almost obsolete, yellowish ; spores cinnamon, obliquely pip-shaped, minutely granular, 10 x 5p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) isabellinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 103 ; Cke., Hdbk. p. 278; Cke., [llustr., pl. 829. In dry pine woods. Allied to C. colus, but more rigid and firm. Veil scanty, very fugacious, yellow. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) renidens. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous, hygrophanous, glabrous, shining. tawny, ochraceous when dry; gills adnexed, crowded, 2~3 lines broad, thin, tawny; stem 14-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, firm, glabrous, stuffed, yellow, as is also the fibrillose veil; spores elliptical, apiculate, 8-10 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) renidens, Fries, Epicr., p. 308; Cke., Hdbk., p. 278; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 782. In shady woods, Usually slightly clustered. Nature and appearance is that of CU. armeniacus, but smaller and brighter coloured, and especially by the yellow veil, 26 FUNGUS-FLORA. readily distinguished, stem firm, stuffed, 1}-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, exactly equal, rather cartilaginous outside, entirely breaking up under pressure into fibrils, coloured like the pileus, yellowish-pallid then tawny. Veil loosely fibrillose, fugacious, yellow. Pileus slightly fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, 1-2 in. broad, very glabrous, shining, tawny-ferruginous when moist, ochraceous when dry; disc often becoming pale. Flesh thin, splitting, paler. Gills adnate, but also receding and becoming free, rather crowded, entire, broad at first pale cinnamon then tawny. Spores dusky ochraceous. Smell weak, not at all like radishes. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) angulosus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, very obtuse, wavy, margin incurved when young, flexuous, even glabrous, reddish-tawny, variegated with darker spots, hygrophanous, ‘tawny-ochraceous when dry, not shining; flesh firm, not splitting, yellowish-white ; gills adnate, rather thick, rather distant, 3 lines and more broad, fragile, tawny, edge entire, same colour; stem 13-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, striate, tawny, twisted, stuffed then hollow; veil very fugacious, tawny. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) angulosus, Fries, Hpicr., p. 308; Cke., Hdbk., 379; Cke., Illustr. Suppl., t. 1178. On the ground in fir woods. Var. gracilescens. Fries, Mon., i. p. 104. Stem hollow, 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, base almost attenuated, also tor- tuous ; pileus rather fleshy. Amongst moss in pine woods. #E*® Stem dusky, veil pallid, dingy, or white; gills dark. Cortinarius (Hygr.) uraceus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, slightly fleshy, conical then cam- panulate, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate; moist, even, glabrous, umber or brown, sometimes with an olive tinge, rather shining, when dry (brick-red when young) commonly tan or dirty pale ochraceous, at length rather fibrillose. Flesh brown, darker in the stem. Gills adnate, ventricose, firm, 3 lines and more broad, distant, cinna- CORTINARIUS. 27 mon-brown, edge sometimes quite entire and concolorous, sometimes fimbriato-serrate, and white. Stem 2-4 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, cylindrical, exactly equal, firm, fibrilloso- striate (striae paler), but becoming even, brown, apex naked, becoming pale, sometimes with an olive shade, at length everywhere blackish-brown, same colour inside; spores pip- shaped, granulated 8-9 x 4 p. Dontiaarius uraceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 309; Cke., Hdbk., p. 278; Cke., Illustr., pl. 796. In pine woods. Extreme margin of pileus incurved. Veil superior, fibril- lose, brown, but rarely conspicuous. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygy.) jubarinus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, in the larger forms, and when old, depressed at the centre, often repand and unduliate, at length reflexed, fragile, brilliant tawny cinnamon, shining, disc even, glabrous, when young silky at the margin from the veil (not velvety-villose as in C. cinnamomeus), when old innato-fibrillose under a lens, not very hygrophanous, and very shiny when dry; gills adnate, rather distant, 1-3 lines broad, distinct, tawny-cinnamon, edge quite entire, same colour; stem 2 in. long, } in. thick, 2~3 lines in small specimens, at first stuffed then hollow, fibrilloso-striate, pale tawny without and within, base and naked apex paler ; spores 10 X 5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) jubarinus, Fries, Monogr., il. p. 105; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279; Cke., Illustr., pl. 797. In pine woods, on pine leaves, &c. At first sight closely resembling C. cinnamomeus, but differs in the white, fibrillose, very fugacious veil. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) pateriformis. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, orbicular, plane then depressed, very obtuse, rigid, dry, even, glabrous, chestnut-brown, at first silky-white near the margin from the veil; flesh pallid; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, plano-convex, brick-red or watery cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, rather firm, straight, fibrillose, becoming brownish, base downy, white, hollow ; ring fibrillose, fugacious. 28 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) pateriformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 310; Fries, Mon., ii. p. 106; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279; Cke., [lustr., pl. 858. Amongst grass, in woods, &c. A larger form occurs in pine woods, having the pileus convexo-plane, 2 in. broad, slightly pilose under a lens, thick, ae brown, when dry truly silvery and shining. (Fries. a The larger form mentioned by Fries is the one figured by ooke. Cortinarius (Hygr.) unimodus. Britz. Pileus about 1 in. across, campanulate then expanded, obtusely umbonate, usually depressed round the umbo, margin arched and rather incurved then straight, smooth, shining, rufous-brown; flesh rather thick except at the margin, dingy; gills rounded behind, adnexed, distant, ventricose, 2 lines or more broad, brown; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, lax, fibrous, brown below, pale above, hollow ; veil whitish, fugacious; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 6 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) unimodus, Britzelmayr, Hym. Sudb., iv. f. 181; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279; Cke., Illustr., pl. 359. In grassy places. The diagnoses by Britzelmayr are so meagre that his species can only be conjectured. (Cooke.) Tenuiores. Flesh very thin, pileus acutely umbonate, margin straight at first. * Stem white. Cortinarius (Hygr.) dolabratus. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, fragile, campanulate then convex, obtuse, for the most part glabrous, superficially silky near the margin, even, brick-colour, when dry even and tan- colour; gills entirely adnate with a decurrent tooth, very broad behind, up to 1 in. broad, rather thick, distant, distinct, tawny-cinnamon ; stem 4-6 in. long, 4—} in. thick, every- where equal, cylindrical, glabrous, white, sometimes curved ; spores 12-14 x 7-8 p. CORTINARIUS. 29 Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) dolabratus, Fries, Epicr., p. 311; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 811. In pine woods, amongst Vaccinium, Sphagnum, &c. About the stature of a large specimen of C. evernius, but firmer, differently coloured, gills entirely adnate, veil very fugacious. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) rigens. Fr. Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, when young campanulate, lax, then convex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, glabrous, opaque and tan-culour when moist, whitish-tan when dry; flesh rather firm, white; gills adnate, slightly decurrent, distant, very broad (3-5 lines), distinct, watery tan then pale cinnamon; stem 2-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, but very variable, equal, or incrassated, sometimes at the base, some- times at the apex, also fusiform, stuffed, elastic, distinctly cartilaginously corticated, rigid and tough, rooting, glabrous, even, naked, pallid when moist, white when dry; spores pip- shaped, minutely granulated, 6-7 x 4 p. Cortinarius riyens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 107; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280; Cke., Illustr., pl. 812. In woods. Allied to Cortinarius dolabratus, but more rigid, not fragile, smaller, and paler; gills also darker and opaque. Flesh white. Veil scarcely evident. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) Krombholzii. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, conico-campanulate, then gibbous, even, smooth, disc fleshy, pale yellowish-tan, disc darker, margin thin, appendiculate; gills rounded behind and slightly adnexed, 3 lines broad, ferruginous, margin yellowish ; stem 3-5 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, extreme base slightly swollen, naked, even, whitish, hollow; veil white, rather membranaceous, soon disappearing from the stem, but remaining in fragments at the margin of the pileus; spores ferruginous, 8 x +5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Krombholzii, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 895; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 813. On the ground amongst moss. A remarkable species having the ferruginous spores of Cortinarius, but with a membranaceous and not fibrillose veil that remains in frag- 30 FUNGUS-FLORA, ments at the margin of the pileus. Subcaespitose. With the habit of Hypholoma. Cortinarius (Hygr.) Reedii. Berk. Pileus about 1 in. across, conical then expanded and strongly umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, smooth, shining, persistently brown, disc areolate, margin splitting ; gills attenuated behind, free, broad, ventricose, ascending, white or pallid then cinnamon; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, rather bulbous, fibrilloso-striate, white, solid ; veil fibrillose, evanescent; spores 7-8 x 4 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Reedit, Berk. Outl., p. 194; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280; Cke., Illustr., pl. 8434. Amongst moss and beech mast. Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) leucopus. Bull. Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh very thin except in the centre, conical, then expanded, margin arched, obtusely umbonate, when dry silky, shining, yellowish clay-colour with a suggestion of pink ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, rather crowded, pale, then cinnamon; stem equal, white, becoming hollow, 14 long, 2 lines thick; spores 6 x 3-4 p. Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) leucopus, Bull., Champ., t. 533, f. 2; Cke., Illustr., t. 8438 (pileus wrong colour). On the ground in woods. Small, with the habit of Cortinarius pluvius, but not viscid. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Hygr.) scandens. Fr. Pileus 4-3 in. across, submembranaceous, sometimes acutely at other times obtusely umbonate, slightly fleshy, conical when young, then expanded, glabrous, margin slightly striate, when moist at first tawny-ferruginous then honey- colour, tan-colour when dry, umbo tawny, the intensity of the colour varies with the weather; gills adnate, thin, rather distant, 1-2 lines broad, narrowest behind, tawny-cinnamon, edge entire, same colour; stem hollow, 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, incrassated at the apex, base always attenuated, very thin, subulate, flexuous, soft, even, yellowish, but at first sight, from the adpressed fibrils and dryness, shining white ; veil thin, fibrillose, white; spores elliptical, obliquely apicu- Jate, 10 x 5 pw. CORTINARIUS. 31 Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) scandens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 108; Cke., Hdbk., p. 281; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 830. In damp places in fir woods, &c. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, soft, yellowish when moist, shining white when dry, base subulate, always white. Veil thin, fibrillose, superior. Pileus }-1 in. and more, tan- colour when dry, but the umbo, which may be acute, obtuse, or obsolete, rather tawny. Gills narrow, 1-2 lines broad, plane. (Fries.) ** Stem violet or reddish. Cortinarius (Hygr.) erythrinus. Fr. Pileus 1-14 in. across, conical then convex, regular, umbo- nate, umbo obtuse or almost obsolete, darker, even, glabrous, rufous-bay, tawny when dry, the thin flesh almost the same colour when moist; gills slightly adnexed, thin, rather distant, ventricose, at first pallid then pale cinnamon; stem 14-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, rarely thickened at the base, straight or ascending, glabrous, but striate from the adpressed fibrils, white, violaceous above, stuffed then hollow ; veil superior, fibrillose, white. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) erythrinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 109 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 281; Cke., Iustr., pl. 798. In damp woods, amongst leaves, &c. Var. argyropus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 396. Slenderer than the type form, stem silvery, apex with white meal. Cortinarius (Hygr.) decipiens. Fr. Pileus 2-1 in. across, flesh thin, dingy, conical, glabrous, shining, bay-brown, then brick-red when dry, at length depressed round the slightly fleshy, prominent, darker umbo ; gills adnate, thin, rather crowded, reddish ferruginous ; stem 2-21 in. long, 1} line thick, equal, covered with a separable pallid cuticle, pale brick-red within, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical, dingy ferruginous, 8 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) decipiens, Fries, Epicr., p. 312 Cke. Hdbk., p. 281, Cke., Illustr., pl. 798s. In woods. Stem usually straight, without any tinge of violet. 32 FUNGUS-FLORA. Var. insignis. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 396. Pileus paler, stem flexuous, glabrous; gills less crowded. Cortinarius (Hygr.) germanus. Fr. Pileus 4-% in. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded, obtusely umbonate, hygrophanous, rather silky, even, brownish, pale tan when dry; gills adnate, rather distant, 2 lines broad, pale cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-14 line thick, equal, rather twisted and wavy, glabrous, lilac becoming pale, imperfectly hollow. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) germanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 312; Cke., Hdbk., p. 281; Cke., Hlustr., pl. 844. In beech woods: Stem becoming silvery; pileus not striate. Smell strong. *** Stem becoming yellowish, usually growing pale. Cortinarius (Hygr.) detonsus. Fr. Pileus 1—2 in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then expanded, subumbonate, silky then almost glabrous, striate to the middle when moist, colour bright yellow, when dry silky, even, and tan-colour ; flesh thin, whitish ; gills adnate, ventricose, distinct, rather distant, quite entire, all parts coloured alike, at first bright yellow, then reddish-cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long ‘bout 2 lines thick, soft, glabrous, pallid, equal or atten. .cd upwards, pale yellowish stuffed then hollow ; spores 8 x 6 Cortinarius (Hygrov, ve) detonsus, Fries, Epicr., p. 3138; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282. In damp pine woods amongst moss, &e. Fragile, pale yellowish; stature, &c., almost as in Cortinarius decipiens. A much larger form occurs having the stem reddish-yellow. Kasily distinguished by the languid yellowish colour. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Hygr.) obtusus. Fr. (figs. 5, 6, 13, 10. Pileus 4-14 in. across, rather membranaceous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate, glabrous, margin striate, at first ferruginous-bay, soon cinna- mon, pallid ochraceous or whitish-tan when dry, and in this CORTINARITS. 33 last condition sometimes torn into fibrils; gills adnate. ventri- cose, rather distant, very broad, thickish, the short ones narrower, connected by veins, ferruginous then tawny-cinna- mon; stem 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick or more, curved, flexuous (not undulated), attenuated at the base, fragile, with scattered, adpressed, white silky fibrils, for the rest almost glabrous, yellowish-tan when moist, truly white when dry ; veil fibrillose, rarely conspicuous ; spores subochraceous ; spores 9 X 5 yu. Cortinarius ( Hygroeybe) obtusus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 111; Cke., Hdbk., p. 252; Cke., Hlustr., pl. 85a. In woods. Gregarious. Veil entirely fibrillose, whitish, making the young pileus hoary and silky, commonly glabrous, but becoming broken up when dry. Umbo disappearing. With an evident smell. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Hygr.) acutus. Fr. Pileus about }-3 in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded, umbo acute and coloured like the remainder, at length depressed round the umbo, striate when moist, obsoletely fibrillose near the margin when young, glabrous when adult, yellowish honey- colour, rather shining, tan or white when dry, and looking silky ; flesh very thin similarly coloured; gis adnate, thin, crowded, becoming more distant and free a: ‘he pileus ex- pands, lanceolate, ochraceous cinnamon. Stem J—4t in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, flexuous albc’* rillose, at length glabrous, colour of the pileus when both moist and dry, hollow; spores 6 xX 4p. Certinarius (Hyyrocybe) acutus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 112; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 845. In mixed woods. Sometimes scattered, sometimes gre- garious. With the habit of Galera, but remarkable for the acute umbo. #**% Stem becoming dusky. Cortinarius (Hygr.) Junghuhnii. Fr. ; Pileus about 1 in. across, disc slightly fleshy, remainder thin, convexso-plane, papillato-umbonate, striate to the middle VoL. I. D 34 FUNGUS-FLORA. when moist, under a lens seen to be covered with scattered, white, persistent fibrils, slightly velvety, shining cinnamon, tawny when dry; gills adnate, ventricose, 2 lines broad, thin, veined at the base, saffron brick-red; stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick, almost equal or attenuated and whitish at the base, stuffed then hollow, pale brick-red without and within, darkest inside, outside shining, adpressedly with brownish fibrils; veil brownish, obsolete; spores elliptical, 8 x 5-6 p. Cortinarius Junghuhnii, Fries, Epicr., p. 814; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282; Cke., ]llustr., pl. 1464. In woods amongst moss, &e. Smell none. Cortinarius (Hygr.) depressus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh membranaceous, conico- convex, obtusely umbonate, at length almost plane, and depressed round the umbo, striate at the margin when moist, ferruginous-brown, brownish tan when dry; gills adnate, rather crowded, broad, plane, thin, yellowish saffron then ferruginous, edge quite entire; stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or attenuated below, rigid, rather cartilaginous, even, whitish silky when young, then glabrous, reddish, base becoming brownish, hollow, veil scarcely evident. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) depressus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 118 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 283; Cke., Illustr., pl. 860. Damp places in woods, &c. The prettiest and most distinct species of the present sub- genus, habit almost that of Naucoria cucumis. Odour weak, resembling stale fish or cucumbers. Stem short, rigid, at length becoming blackish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) milvinus. Fr. Pileus 3-14 in. across, membranaceodus, conical then expanded, slightly umbonate, glabrous, striate up to the broad, rather fleshy disc, fawn-colour becoming tinged with olive, pale tan-colour when dry, margin fringed with innate white scales; gills adnate, rather distant, thin, ferruginous- olive, veined at the base, about 3 lines broad; stem 2-24 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal curved, pale fuscous, with white silky patches here and there from the white veil; spores elliptical, 8-10 x 4 p. CORTINARIUS. 35 Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) milvinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 814; Oke., Hdbk., 283; Cke., Ilustr., plate 846s. “In woods. Gregarious, stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick, not flexuous. Pileus 4-1 in. broad, fawn-colour with an olive tinge. Strong scented. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Hygr.) fasciatus. Fr. Pileus $3 in. across, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, the acute umbo blackish, the remainder brick-red, glabrous, minutely silky and becoming pale when dry ; gills adnate, slightly ventricose, thin, truly distant, distinct, 13 line broad, cinnamon; stem variable, sometimes about 2 in. long, 1 line thick, straight; or 3-4 in. long, flexuous, and with the surface undulated, not cuticulose but splitting entirely into fibrils, hollow, glabrous, pallid brownish, then brownish cinnamon; spores cinnamon, 8 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) fasciatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 114; Cke., Hdbk., p. 282; Cke., Tlustr., pL Sit Damp places in pastures under pines, Kc. Remarkable for the stem splitting longitudinally into fibres ; resembling C. flewipes in colour, but in most respects nearest to C. acutus, from which it differs in the very distant gills. Subgen. TELAMONTA. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. I. PLatyPHYLit. Gills very broad, rather thick, more or less distant. Stem spongy or entirely fibrous. * Stem and veil white or whitish. ** Stem and gills violet. Cortina or partial veil whitish, tinted violet, or universal veil white. *** Stem and veil red or yellow. Gills tawny or cinnamon, not violet nor becoming brown. **** Stem becoming brownish, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dark. D2 36 FUNGUS-FLORA. II. LeprorHyiyi. Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. Pileus thin. Stem rigid outside, subcartilaginous, stuffed or hollow, often attenuated downwards. * Stem whitish, pallid, not floccoso-sealy. ** Stem becoming violet. *** Stem and pileus tawny or ferruginous. *#*#** Stem floccoso-scaly, and with the pileus brownish. Subgen TELAMONIA. I. PLATYPHYLLI. Gills broad, thickish. * Stem and veil white or whitish. Cortinarius (Tela.) macropus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thin, greyish, convex then flattened, obtuse, margin at first inflexed, dry, hoary with minute squamules, then almost glabrous, brick-red at length becoming ferruginous; gills adnexed, very broad (4-1 in.), distant, sides not veined, sometimes crenate, at others quite entire, pallid then watery cinnamon; stem 3-6 in. long, 4-1 in. thick, fibrillose, dingy white, then the colour of the pileus, about equal, solid; veil distant, forming a narrow, interwoven white ring; spores obliquely elliptical, finely granulated, 8 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) macropus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 71; Cke., Hdbk., p. 263; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 788. In damp woods, &c. Cortinarius (Tela.) laniger. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, fleshy, disc compact, hemi- spherical then expanded, obtuse, bright or dark tawny, sometimes becoming pale, at first floccoso-squamose, flocci CORTINARIUS. 37 whitish, then almost glabrous, silky towards the margin ; flesh thickish at the disc, soft, thin at the margin; gills adnate or slightly rounded, at first rather crowded, then subdistant, clear tawny-saffron, at length shining tawny ; stem solid, stout, 2-4 in. long, equal or bulbous, ventricose when growing on pine leaves, more or less distinctly vaginate from the white veil which terminates above in a very soft, white, distinct ring, reddish-white within, base at length tawny ; cortina above the ring very delicate. Cortinarius (Telamonia) laniger, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 71; Cke., Hadbk., p. 264; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 800. In mossy pine woods, &c. A beautiful and very distinct species. Strong scented. Analogous to Cort. torvus in the more or less peronate stem and ring, but resembling Cort. plumiger in the white, fasciculato-floccose squamules of the pileus. Commonly smaller than Cort. bivelus, and distinguished by the spreading, persistent, tumid ring. Pileus never gibbous, but the margin thin, whitish plumulose when young, then silky and almost glabrous. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) bivelus. Fr. Pileus 14-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, reddish-tawny, glabrous, but silky near the margin: gills adnexed, scarcely crowded, rather ventricose behind, 3 lines broad, clear tawny-cinnamon; stem abeut 3 in. long, }-2 in, thick, somewhat bulbous and attenuated upwards, firm, dirty-white, floccoso-squamulose up to the spurious, fugacious ring; spores obliquely elliptical, granular, 10 x 5-6 ps. ae (Telamonia) bivelus, Fries, Epicr., p. 292; Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pl. 852. In woods, &e. Mild. Stem entirely spongy, not firmer outside, sometimes short and bulbous, sometimes elongated and attenuated, even, abrupt, becoming rusty inside. Pileus soft, absorbing moisture, but not truly hygrophanous, usually very smovth, shining, often with darker spots, now and then rivulo-o- squamulose, at length pierced with depressions, rarely cam- panulate and lax. (Fries.) 38 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Tela.) bulbosus. Fr. Pileus about 8 in. across, unequally fleshy, campanulate then expanded, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even or with the epidermis torn into squamules or fibrils near the margin, bay when moist, fuscous-tan when dry; flesh similarly coloured when moist, whitish when dry, compact at the disc; gills adnate, rather distant, broad, at first dark then brownish- cinnamon, never violet-tinted; stem 2-3 in. long, bulbous, yaler than the pileus, vaguely peronate and imperfectly ringed from the white veil, solid; spores 8 x 3-4 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) bulbosus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 73; Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pl. 852. Agaricus bulbosus, Sow., t. 230. In woods, amongst moss, &c. Allied to C. armillatus and C. brunneus, resembling the first in colour and the second in size; differs in the shorter stem and the usually inconspicuous ring formed by the veil, differs from Inoloma in the hygrophanous pileus, and from Hygrocybe in the gills. Stem decidedly bulbous, base and inside somewhat safiron-colour, at length brick-red; pileus s.ightly hy grophanous, often fibrillosely torn near the margin, flesh-coloured like the pileus, whitish when dry, distinct from C. bivelus in the darker colour. (Fries.) Smell like that of radishes. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, fibril- lose under a lens, brittle; margin thin. Gills rounded, sub- adnate, distinct, 2-3 lines broad. Stem 3-4 in. high, sub- fibrillose, in full grown specimens ferruginous at the base. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Tela.) urbicus. Fr. Pileus 14-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, glabrous, whitish-tan colour; gills emarginate, ventricose, 3 lines broad or even more, rather close, pale ferruginous; stem about 2 in. long, 4-4} in. thick, equal, nearly smooth, peronate, pallid, villose above the narrow, white ring, solid. Cortinarius (Telamonia) urbicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 818. In grassy places. Allied to Cort. bivelus, but readily distinguished by being glabrous and paler in colour. CORTINARIUS. 39 Cortinarius (Tela.) licinipes. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate, usually becoming depressed round the umbo, even, glabrous, yellow- ish, pale tan when dry; gills adnate, very broad behind, up to 4} in., rather crowded, quite entire, watery cinnamon ; stem 4-5 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, fragile, equal often flexuous, whitish, base with white down, the remainder with white floccose or plumose scales, naked when old, smooth above the distant, membranaceous ring, stuffed then hollow. Cortinarius (Telamonia) licinipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 819. In fir woods, when growing in damp places, amongst sphagnum, «&c., the stem is elongated, shorter in dry situations. Cortinarius (Tela.) microcyclus. Fr. Pileus 1-1} in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, plano- convex, reddish-fuscous, the minutely umbonate dise darker, pale and opaque when dry, even, glabrous, never torn; gills adnate, very broad, almost ovate in form, thin, at first lilac, then dark cinnamon; stem 1-2 in. long, base 5 lines, apex about 14 line thick, but variable, from the incrassated base attenuated upwards, white or pallid, veil collapsed into a white zone round the stem. Curtinarius (Telamonia ) microcyclus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 78 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Llustr., pl. 865. In pine woods, &c. Allied to Cort. decipiens in colour and habit, but differing in the somewhat bulbous stem and the white ring, (Fries.) ** Stem and gills violet, cortina whitish becoming violet, universal veil white. Cortinarius (Tela.) torvus. Fr. Pileus 2-+ in. across, flesh thin except the disc, convex, margin at first incurved, then wholly expanded, obtuse, rather fragile, even, or the cuticle minutely broken up when dry, with depressed points when old, sometimes coarsely radiato- rugulose, at first hoary with minute fibrillose squamules, and marbled with the same hoariness when smooth, scarcely ‘40 FUNGUS-FLORA. hygrophanous, bay, bay-brown, or coppery-brown; flesh dingy, whitish when dry; gills somewhat adnate, thick, dis- tant, plane, fragile, very broad (3-6 lines), violet at first, soon purplish-umber, finally dark cinnamon, edge quite entire, at length veined at the base; stem 3-5 in. long, 4-1 in. thick, short and bulbous when young, then elongated and sub- equal, when perfect sheathed and peronate to the middle by the adnate veil, above which the stem is nearly equal, pale violet, villosely cortinate when young, then fibrillose ; whitish below the white, spreading ring, tibrillose, in fullest vigour floccosely scaly, base covered with white down, solid, then spongy, usually bored and eaten by larvae ; spores, 10— 12 x 7-8 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) torvus, Fries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke., Hadbk., p. 265; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 801; Kalchbr., pl. 21, f.1. In woods, especially beech. Showy, commonly robust, stem at first bulbous, then elongated and equal; ring evident, subpersistent. Pileus bay, and with a violet tinge at first. There is a form having the gills rufous flesh-colour. (Fries.) Klotzch’s specimens are evidently the genuine form, figured by Bulliard; mine are slightly different, but clearly belong- ing to the same species. ‘I'he youngest plants have no tinge of violet; but this is probably owing to their being found in.very dry weather. Pileus in the variety 1} in. broad, obtuse, convex, at length plane, shining with a satiny lustre, at length sometimes rimulose, whitish tinged with umber, fleshy in the centre, the margin thin; portions of the veil persistent on the edge. Gills adnate, deep umber, distant, sometimes very slightly emarginate in old specimens. Stem 24 in. high, § an in. thick, nearly equal or slightly attenuated below, paler than the pileus, hosed as it were, with the white veil; reddish within. Odour like that of A. fastibilis. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) impennis. Fr. Pileus 14-2 in. across, tleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, almost glabrous, colour almost brick-red, becoming pale; gills adnate, then emarginate, distant, thick, 3-4 lines broad, violet, soon purplish, at length watery cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. lung, 4 in. thick at the apex, rather bulbous, pallid, the imperfect CORTINARIUS. 41 ring and apex violet, whitish-cortinate, solid; spores, 10- WX ip Cortinarius (Telamonia) impennis, Fries. Epicr., p. 23; Cke.. Hdbk., p. 255; Cke., Iustr., pl. 353. In pine woods, &e. Stem 2 in. long, $in. thick, often cylindrical, fibrillose, ring incomplete. Pileus fleshy, especially at the disc, at first sooty-umber, then brick-red or red (in the young stage almost the colour of Collybia butyracea), not hoary, silky round the marzin when young, at length cracked. (Fries.: Cortinarius (Tela.) lucorum. Fr. Pileus 1:-2 in. across, convex then expanded, gibbcus, margm wavy, even, bay with a tinge of brick-red when moi-t; flesh very thin except at the disc; gills emarginate, rather distant, about 3 lines broad. cinnamon with a tran- sient tinge of viclet; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, slightly clavate, very fibrillose. pallid, solid ; veil forming a white distant zone on the stem, flesh like that of the pileus dingy ochraceous: spores elliptical, 10 x 5 pu. Cortinarius (Telamonia) lucorum, Cke., Hdbk., p. 372; Cke., Dlustr., pl. 1192. Cortinarius (Telamonia) impennis, Fries, var. lucorum, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 577. On the ground in woods. {c. Stem sometimes slizhtly curved, and tinged with violet above, Cortinarius (Tela.) plumiger. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, conical when young, then eampanulate, umbo broad, obtuse, very prominent, often cracked, dry, densely covered with white, floccose. feathery scales that are erect and squarrose, or after rain becominz depressed and silky, hygrophanous, fuscous with an olive tinge when moist, reddish-tan when dry; gills adnate, scareely crowded, broad, viclet at first, soon watery, then pure cinnamon, edge quite entire, similar in colour or tan- eslour; stem remarkably clavate, 5—+ in. long, base 1 in. apex 5 lines thick, pale, watery white within; veil shining white, floccosely scaly on the stem, forming an imperfect ring at the apex, solid; spores 1) X 3-5 p. 42 FUNGUS-FLORA. Cortinarius (Telamonia) plumiger, Fries, ,Epicr., p. 294 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 266. In woods. Cortinarius (Tela.) scutulatus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin, ovate then expanded, obtuse, purple-umber, brick-red when dry, at first silky and white near the margin, then becoming broken up into squamules; gills adnate, about 2-3 lines broad, rather distant, purple-violet; stem 3-4 in. long, + in. thick, somewhat bulbous, rigid, dark violet outside and inside, solid, peronate and more or less ringed; spores elliptical, 7 x 3 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) scutulatus, Fries, Hpicr., p. 294; Cke., Hdbk., p. 266; Cke., Illustr., pl. 820a. In damp woods, &e. Smell like that of radishes, stem above the bulb, which is often wanting, cylindrical, apex often hollow, hence the fleshy disc of the pileus becomes umbilicate. Veil sometimes. concentrically squamulose, sometimes almost absent, mem- branaceous ring obsolete. Edge of gills at first whitish then cinnamon. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) evernius. Fr. Pileus 2-4 in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, conico- campanulate then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, everywhere covered with a white, fibrillose, silky, adpressed veil, usually purple-bay when glabrous, very hygrophanous, brick-red when dry, becoming dingy pale ochraceous when old, cracked and torn into fibrils, very fragile; the very thin flesh similarly coloured; gills adnate, ventricose, very broad G-I in.), distant, purplish-violet, becoming pale, at length cinnamon ; stem 3-6 in. long, 4 in. and more thick, equal or attenuate downwards, slightly striate, violet, becoming pale, obsoletely squamulose and indistinctly annulate from the veil; spores elliptical, granular, 10 x 7 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) evernius, Fries, Monogr., ii. Parts Cke., Hdbk., p. 266; Cke., Illustr., pl. 821 and 865. In damp pine woods, &c. Smell not remarkable, resembling C. elatior in size, but not in any way allied, differing in the absence of the glutinous veil and also in colour. (Fries.) CORTIN ARIUS. 48 Tufted or subgregarious. Pileus 1-2 inches broad. purple- brown, shining with a satiny lustre, umbonate, the umbo generally subumbilicate; flesh moderately thick in the centre. Gills very broad, at length subferruginous, distant, adnate for half their breadth. Stem 21-4 inches high, 2 in. thick, undulated, silky, much paler than the pileus, with a few slight traces of the veil. Sowerby’s plant and that of Fries seem to be the same; but if so. the former is not, as Fries supposes. merely the young state, but arrived at its full growth. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) quadricolor. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across. rather fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, umbonate, glabrous, at lenzth with depresze1 spots. pale yellow then tawny, shining when dry; tlesh thin, coloured like the pileus; gills admate, distant, 3-4 lines broad, but thin, margin white, serrate, dark violet or purplish cinnamon; stem 3 in. long. 2-3 lines thick, equal, flexuns, rather rigid, fibrilleso-striate from the adpressed veil, which above collapses and forms an oblique white ring that eventually disappears, stuffed then hollow; spores 17-11 x 6-7 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) quadricolar, Fries, Epicr., p. 295 ; Cke. Hdbk., p. 256; Cke., Iustr., pl. 857. In beech woods, &c. Agreeing with C. hinnuleus in size, but differing in colour. Gills sometimes violet. (Fries.) , *** Stem and veil red or yellow. Gills tawny or cinnamon, not violet nor becoming brown. Cortinarius (Tela.) helvolus. fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, glabrous, even, dark tawny-ferrugi- nous, yellowish when dry, becoming cracked, the margin at first covered with the veil, regularly incurved; gills dis- tinctly emarginate, + lines broad, distant, thick, base rather veined, opaque, tawny then tawny-cinnamon; stem variable in length, in the largest form 6-8 in. long and up to 1 in. thick, in the medium form 3 in. long, + lines thick, in the smallest form 2 in. long, attenuated at the base, apex 2—3 44 FUNGUS-FLORA. lines thick, solid, almost equal, not straight, fibrillose, with 4 narrow ring-like, rusty margined zone above furmed from the veil, more or less jerruginous both outside and inside, solid; spores 6 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) helvolus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 85; Cke., Hdbk., p. 267; Cke., Illustr., pl. 804.. In wooded pastures, &c. A small form occurs having the pileus ferruginous then becoming pale, dise darker. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) armillatus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, dise fleshy, remainder thin, campanu- Jate then expanded, brownish brick-red, pale when dry ; gills adnate or ventricose behind and appearing to be ad- nexed, 3-4 lines broad, distant; pale then dark cinnamon ; stem 4-5 in. long, 4 in. thick above, bulbous or conical, fibrillose, pale, with several oblique red zones, svlid, brownish within ; spores 10 x 6 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) armillatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 295; ‘Cke., Hdbk., p. 267; Cke., Illustr., pl. 802. In woods. Allied to Cort. haematochelis, but distinguished by the dis- tant gills, and by having more than one red ring on the stem. Cortinarius (Tela.) haematochelis. Bull. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy at the disc, thin elsewhere, gibbous, silky-fibrillose, brownish brick-red, pallid when dry, campanulate then expanded; gills adnate or adnexed, crowded, thin, 2 lines broad, sometimes more, pale cinna- mon; stem 4-5 in. long, } in. thick above, somewhat bulbous, attenuated upwards, pallid, with a single, distant, oblique red zone, solid ; spores granular, 10 x 7-8 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) haematochelis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 267; ‘Cke., lustr., pl. 803. Agaricus haematochelis, Bulliard, Champ. France, t. 527, f. 1. In woods. Stature of Cort. brunneus, also resembing Cort. armillatus, put distinguished by having only one red zone on the stem. Cortinarius (Tela.) praestigiosus, Fr. Pileus 14-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, flattened, striate up to the obtuse or acute umbo, at first dark then CORTINARIUS. 45 light bay, becoming torn towards the silky margin; gills adnate, 2-3 lines broad, rather distant, tawny-cinnamon ; stem 3-5 in. long, slender, very fragile, pale red, rather shining, with red squamules, hollow. Cortinarius (Telamonia) paragandis, var. praestigiosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 295; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 379. Under pines, &. The typical form has not bezn found in this country. Cortinarius (Tela.) croceo-fulvus, Fr. Pileus 24+ in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate or gibbous, even, bright tawny-oran ge; wills adnate, slightly sinuate, 3 lines broad or more, rather distant, ferruginous; stem 3-4 in. long, 1-2 in. thick, equal, yellow with a tinge of rufous, zoned with a rufous-orange line, the remains of the ve'l, solid, flesh like that of the pilens, bright yellow; spores obliquely elliptical, granular, 8-10 X Op. Cortenarius ( Telamonia) croceo-fulrus, Fries, Epicr., p. 295 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 379; Cke., Illustr., pl. 1193. Agaricus croceo-fulrus, D. C., Fl. Fr., v. p. £9. In woods. Readily known by the bright tawny-orange pileus, and the clear yellow colour of the flesh. Cortinarius (Tela.) limonius. fr. Pileus 2-4 in. acro-s, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even and glabrous when moist, cracked and incised when dry; tawny-citron, yellowish-ochre and opaque when dry; flesh coloured like the pileus, not splitting; gills adnate, rarely emarginate, distant, for a long time yellow, at length tawny-cinnamon ; stem 3 in. long, $ in. thick, eqnal or attenuated at the base, where it becomes deep saffron, floc- cosely squamulose from the veil, apex sometimes with a coloured floc:vse veil, solid. Cortinarius ( Tela.) limonius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 80; Cke., Hadbk., p. 257; Cke., Illustr., pl. 84a. In pine woods. Smell none. Base ef stem at length saffron-colour, some- tines attenuated, at others slighty incrassated. Ring often floccose and radiating, but from the squamules on the stem 46 FUNGUS-FLORA. evidently a Telamonia, Pileus distinctly hygrophanous, not splitting. (Fries.) Pileus 2-4 in. broad, when dry ochry-yellow, subsquar- rose. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, veil rarely forming a perfect ring. Stem 2-4 in. high, } in. thick, firm, fibrillose, dull yellow sometimes saiiron-red. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) hinnuleus. Fr. Pileus 1-24 in. across, flesh very thin except at the sub- umbonate disc, conico-campanulate then expanded, glabrous, pallid tawny-cinnamon, tawny when dry; gills slightly emarginate, distant, 3-4 lines broad, tawny-cinnamon, edges quite entire; stem 3-4 in. long, 34 lines thick, rigid, attenuate below or subequal, tawny, the whitish silky veil forming a ring-like zone, stuffed; spores elliptical, granular, 10-12 x 7-8 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hinnuleus, Fries, Epicr., p. 296; Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pl. 805. In woods, &c. Very variable in size, stem sometimes short and equal, sometimes slender, elongated, and flexuous, at times brownish, up to 4 lines thick. Pileus varies to pallid and at length depressed, rarely silky near the margin. Gills plane, slightly connected by veins. Recedes from all the species in the subgenus in having a white veil. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) gentilis. Fr. (fig. 9, p. 16.) Pileus 4-1 in. across, flesh thin, conico-expanded then flattened, acutely umbonate, tawny-cinnamon, yellow when dry, cracked and incised, sometimes somewhat silky; gills adnate, thick, very distant, plane, connected by veins, coloured like the pileus at first, not changing colour when dry like the pileus and stem, hence every part of the fungus is coloured alike when moist, but differently coloured when dry ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or attenuated at the base, often curved, usually straighter than that of other species of similar size, fibrillose, tawny-cinnamon, yellow when dry; veil forming an oblique ring, sometimes arranged in several zones, sometimes yellow below the floccoso-squamulose ring; spores granular, 7-8 x 6 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) gentilis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 87; Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pl. 806. CORTINARIUS. 47 In pine woods, &c. Gregarious. Pileus }-3 in. broad, at first conic-obtuse, then more or less acutely umbonate, with frequently a depression round the umbo, cinnamon changing to a pale tawny, marked in decay with brown streaky blotches, shining, somewhat cracked, subfibrillose, sometimes with a few very minute silky scales. Gills very distant, thick, adnate, rounded behind, cinnamon or dark ferruginous. Stem 3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, of the same colour as the pileus, nearly equal, at first marked with the remains of the woven spongy ring, fibrillose, wavy, at length hollow. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) helvelloides. Fr. Pileus 3-1 in. across, submembranaceous, convex then expanded, umbonate, almost glabrous, striate when in perfect condition, ferruginous, cracked and squarrose when mature, rather tawny when dry, sometimes fibrillose when young ; gills adnate, very thick and remarkably distant, rather broad, distinct, at first violet-umber (never purplish), edge whitish, soon entirely umber-cinnamon, at length ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, very much undulated and flexuous, somewhat ferruginous without any white; veil yellowish, forming a silkiness near the margin of the pileus, and an imperfect ring near the apex of stem, above which the stem is silky-white and shining; spores 7 xX 5 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) helvelloides, Fr., Epicr., p. 297; Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Iustr., pl. 835. In beech woods, &c., in damp places amongst rotten leaves. Inodorous. Form of pileus and colour variable, but un- mistakable on account of the thick, very distant gills. | Cortinarius (Tela.) rubellus. Cooke. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then expanded, rufous-orange, darker at the umbo, disc fleshy, thin towards the margin, flesh reddish-ochre; gills adnate, sinuate, rather narrow, scarcely crowded, pale, then bright ferruginous-red ; stem 3-4 in. long, 4} in. thick, pale above, darker below, marked with concentric dark ferruginous fibrillose bands, equal or attenuated upwards, solid ; spores pyriform, minutely rough, 8 x 5 ps. 48 FUNGUS-FLORA, Cortinarius (Telamonia) rubellus, Cke., Grevillea, xiv. p. 44; Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pl. 835. In swampy places. With somewhat the habit of a small form of C. armillatus, but distinguished by the brighter-coloured pileus, and by the fibrillose rings on the stem being dark ferruginous and not vermilion. *4** Stem becoming brownish, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dark. Cortinarius (Tela.) bovinus. Fr. Pileus 8-5 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin towards the margin and often ‘splitting, watery, pallid, convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, even, glabrous, with point-like depressions when old, fragile, soon glabrous, opaque, hygrophanous, watery cinnamon, tawny when dry; gills adnexed, up to 4 in. broad, not veined at the sides, rather distant, cinnamon, becoming dark; stem about 38 in. long, conspicuously bulbous, base 2 in., apex 1 in. thick, dingy pallid, girdled by a single brown zone formed by the interwoven veil, scarcely peronate, brownish - cinnamon, whitish above the brown zone, solid but very spongy within. Cortinarius (Telamonia) bovinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 297; Cke., Hdbk., p. 269; Cke., Hlustr., pl. 822. In pine and mixed woods, &c. Cortinarius (Tels.) nitrosus. Cooke. Stinking. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, rather thin, obtuse, convex, then expanded, undulate at the margin, fawn-colour or tawny, darker and brownish at the disc, soon breaking up into minute, somewhat concentric, darker scales; gills rather broad; somewhat di-tant, emarginate, violet then watery cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, } in. thick, nearly equal, ochraceous, darker at the base, paler than the pileus, marked with concentric darker squamose bands, solid; spores ellip- tical, 12 x 4p. Cortinarius ( Telamonia) nitrosus, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 44; Cke., Hdbk., p. 269; Cke., Illustr., pl. 837. In mixed woods. Flesh of pileus and stem pale brown. Distinguished by: the strong nitrous odour and the banded stem. CORTINARIUS. 49 Cortinarius (Tela.) brunneus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, unequally fleshy, disc obtusely umbonate and truly fleshy, the rest thin, campanulate then expanded, naked, innately fibrillose towards the margin, umber, dingy reddish-tan when dry, becoming more or less marked with depressed point-like punctures; flesh pallid brown ; gills at first adnate then adnexed, 4 in. and more broad, broadest in the middle, thick, distant, transversely veined, dark purple-cinnamon, then brown, at length umber- cinnamon; stem clavate or attenuated upwards from the thickened base, 4 in. long, 4 in. thick above, elastic, brownish, with dense white striae, furnished towards the apex with a brownish-white ring-like zone formed by the dingy white veil ; spores obliquely elliptical, granular, 10-12 x 6 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) brunneus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 81; Cke., Hdbk., p. 269; Cke., Tllustr., pl. 854 and 868. In pine woods, &c. Stature very variable; when growing in deep sphagnum swamps it is slender, stem up to 8 in. long, naked, brown, pileus small, 1-14 in. broad, plane, obtusely umbonate, umber. (Fries.) Our plate 868 agrees well with the figure by Fries in the Upsal Museum. It can scarcely be confounded with any other species. Spores pip-shaped, elliptical, 10-12 x 6 p. (Cooke. ) Cortinarius (Tela.) brunneofulvus. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, even, glabrous, minutely fibrilloso-virgate from innate adpressed hairs under a lens, margin at first white fibrillose, tawny-cinnamon, hardly changing colour when dry; flesh thin, pale dingy tawny ; gills adnate, but soon very ventricose, } in. and more broad, rather distant, distinct, soft, tawny-cinnamon, opaque ; stem 3-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso- striate, almost glabrous when adult, pale tawny outside and inside; veil dingy white, forming a zone round the stem, but soon entirely disappearing, stem solid then soft and spongy within. Cortinarius (Telamonia) brunneo-fulvus, Fries, Epicr., p. 298 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 382. VOL. I. E 30 FUNGUS-FLORA. In pine woods amongst moss, &e. Closely allied to Cortinarius brunneus, but tawny-cinnamon. Stature of Cort. evernius. Much larger than Cort. glandicolor, from which it also differs in the tawny-cinnamon colour. I have never seen any trace of violet colour in my specimens. Flesh thin, dingy. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) injucundus. Weinm. Pileus 3-4 in. across, compact, convex then plane, obtuse, fuscous-cinnamon, fibrillose; gills emarginate, very broad, 4-5 lines, lilac-tan ; stem 3-4 in. long, up to # in. thick at the apex, clavate and attenuated upwards, colour of the pileus then tawny-yellow, solid; spores elliptical, granular, 10 x 5p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) injucundus, Weinmann, FI. Ross., p- 150; Cke., Hdbk., p. 269; Cke., Illustr., pl. 823. In fir woods. One figure seems to represent a form of this species, although not precisely the type. (Cooke.) Cortinarius (Tela.) glandicolor. Fr. Pileus }-1 in. (rarely 2 in.) across, submembranaceous, conical then expanded, commonly obtusely umbonate, soon glabrous, margin slightly striate when moist, umber or cinnamon brown, tan-colour or dingy pale ochraceous when dry; flesh very thin, similarly coloured; gills adnate, very distant, rather thick, up to + lines broad, coloured like the pileus or umber, edge quite entire, coloured like the rest, rounded in front; stem 3-5 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, com- monly straight, the surface sometimes undulated, naked, slightly striate, colour of the pileus, at length bay-brown, stuffed then hollow; veil forming a woven ring, white, soon entirely disappearing. Cortinarius (Telamonia) glandicolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 298 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 270; Cke., Illustr., pl. 789. On the ground amongst moss, especially in pine woods. Resembling in general appearance the subgenus Dermocybe, but the thickish, very distant gills and stature is altogether that of Cortinarius (Tela.) gentilis, from which the present species is however sufficiently distinct in the brown colour and straighter stem. (Fries.) [1 | CORTINARICS. dl Var. curta, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 91. Stem stuffed, 1 in. long, flexuous, peronate with the white veil, cingulate ; umbo becoming rather blackish. Cortinarius (Tela.) punctatus. Fr. Pileus 1-1} in. across, somewhat membranaceous, conico- convex, glabrous, hoary, umber, tan-colour when dry, at length even, punctate; gills adnate, very distant, quite entire, 1-2 lines broad, cinnamon-brown; stem 2-5 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, undulate, pale brown below, apex whitish, somewhat hollow; spores pip-shaped, 7 x + p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) punctatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 299; Cke., Hdbk., p. 270; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 855. In woods, especially beech. Closely allied to Cort. gentilis, but distinct in the colour of every part, and in the obtuse or obtusely umbonate, convex ileus. r A. Stem somewhat hollow, 2-3 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, slender, everywhere equal, tough, undulated, fuscons- cinnamon, fibrilloso-striate, base white, downy. Cortina somewhat interwoven, pale fuscous, evanescent. Pileus rather membranaceous, conico-convex, umbo scarcely pro- minent, } in. broad, glabrous, even, umber, hoary, becoming pale tan when dry, not incised. Gills adnate very distant, with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, almost 3 lines broad, brownish cinnamon, all one colour and quite entire. B. Form more typical; stem shorter, pileus broader, with minute point-like depressions, gills less distant. (Fries.) Il. LEPTOPHYLLI. Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. * Stem whitish, not floccosely scaly, Cortinarius (Tela.) triformis. Fr. Pileus 2+ in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, some- what umbonate, fibrillose becoming smooth, opaque, colour various, at first brownish or livid-yellowish, dirty tan when dry, hygrophanous, margin thin; gills rounded behind and adnexed, rather crowded, thin, distinct, yellowish loney- yy 52 FUNGUS-FLORA. colour then pale cinnamon; stem 3 in. long, + in. and more thick, fragile, clavate or somewhat bulbous, almost glabrous, pallid, stuffed and spongy inside, ring white; spores clliptical, apiculate, 10 x 6 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) triformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 299 ; Hym. Eur., p. 882; Cke. Hdbk., p. 270; Cke., lustr., pl. 790 (as Cort. triformis, var. Schaeffert). In woods. Common in pine and mixed woods, assuming three marked forms, as follows :— A. Schaefferi. In beech woods. Stem rather bulbous, stuffed, spongy within, 3 in. long, | in. thick, fragile almost glabrous, pallid, the veil forming an interwoven, distant, white ring. Pileus unequally fleshy, margin thin, convex then plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous, superficially fibrillose, almost glabrous, at length with depressed dots, 2-3 in. broad, always even, opaque, very hygrophanous, fawn- colour when young, then yellowish or honey-colour, dirty ochraceous when dry; gills adnate, ventricose, rather emarginate, 4 lines broad, connected by veins, rather distant, thin, watery honey-colour, then watery cinnamon. B. Melleopallens. In pine woods. Stem conically at- tenuated, soft, imperfectly hollow, fragile, } in. thick, pallid yellow without and within, glabrous except the zone formed by the veil as in Cort. brunneus. Pileus hemispherical, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, at first white-fibrillose then glabrous, even, fuscous then honey-colour, pale tan when dry; margin pellucidly striate; flesh watery-white. Gills rather crowded, distinct, yellowish then as in previous form. Habit of Cort. armeniacus, but paler, &c. C. Fusco-pallens. Under pines. Stem stuffed, incrassated at the base, 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, apex thinner, even, brownish-white, ring as in the previous form. Pileus thin, obtuse, fuscous becoming pale, passing when dry into honey- coloured tan. Gills adnate, 1-2 lines broad, watery-whiie then darker. Hasily distinguished amongst its allies by the constant dingy and watery pallid, almost honey-colour, and the thin rather crowded gills. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) biformis. Fr. Pileus 1)-3 in. across, flesh very thin except at the disc, CORTINARIUS. 53 conical then campanulate, at length flattened, acutely umbonate, even, glabrous, rarely with fugacious fibrils, dark or ferruginous-brown, pule bay and shining when dry; gills adnate or emarginate. narrowed behind, connected by veins, 3 lines broad, rather crowded, watery cinnamon, at first greyish, edge crenulated; stem 2-+ in. long, thinner down- wards, base 2, apex 2-4 lines thick, distinctly striate, ad- pressedly fibrillose, colour not white, but paler than the pileus, firm, stuffed; ring evident, white, commonly inter- woven, oblique; spores 12 x 15 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) biformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 299 ; Cke., Habk., p. 270; Cke., lustr., pl. 869. In mixed woods. More slender than Cort. triformis, more rigid, moist, scarcely hygrophanous, ring sometimes obsolete. Habit of Cort. castaneus. (Fries.) ** Stem becoming riolet. Cortinarius (Tela.) periscelis, Ir. Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then convex, umbonate, lilac, with a white silkiness, umbo fleshy, the rest mem- branaceous; gills broadly adnate, crowded, narrow, pallid then dark ferruginous, stem 4 in. long, 5 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, lilac, somewhat ringed with the brownish inter- woven veil, hollow ; spores 7-8 x +5 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) periscelis, Fries, Epicr., p. 300; Cke., Hdbk., p. 271; Cke., Ilustr., pl. $33. In swamps, under beech-trees, &e. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, straight, becoming fuscous when drv, base with white down. Pileus 2 in. broad, hygrophanous. (Fries.) There are usually scveral indistinct brownish rings on the stem. Cortinarius (Tela.) flexipes. Fr. Pileus 4-14 in. across, flesh thin, at first acutely conical, then expanded and acutely umbonate, becoming depressed round the umbo, fibrillosely hoary, then naked, at first very dark bay-brown, then with violet shades, but becoming pale, yellowish in dry weather, tan when old, lacerated; gills 54 FUNGUS-FLORA. adnate, rather distant, broad, purple or umber-violet then cinnamon, margin whitish; stem 4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, flexuous, floccosely squamose below the distinct, in- terwoven white ring, pallid, apex and sometimes every part violet, stuffed. Cortinarius (Telamonia) flexipes, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 84; Cke., Hdbk., p. 271; Cke., Illustr., pl. 8244. In pine and other wcods, &c. A very variable species; when old resembling Cort. evernius in the variation of colour. Cortinarius (Tela.) flabellus. Fr. Pileus 3-1 in. across, submembranaceous, obtusely um- bonate, at first conical then expanded, olive-brown, at first covered with white, superficial scales, silky and tan-colour when dry, becoming cracked and torn into fibrils; gills adnate, connected by veins, crowded, linear, narrow, dark olive, then ferruginous; stem at times short, about 2 in., typically truly elongated, 3-4 in., equal, undulated and flexuous, floccoso-squamose, pallid, apex violet; veil white, inferior and forming the scales on the stem, sometimes terminating in a perfect, entire ring, sometimes interwoven and oblique, stuffed then hollow. Cortinarius (Telamonia) flabellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 300; Cke., Hdbk., p. 271; Cke., Iilustr., pl. 824s. On the ground in damp places. Gregarious ; smell strong, somewhat resembling radishes. *** Stem and pileus tawny or ferruginous. Cortinarius (Tela.) psammocephalus. Fr. Every part tawny-cinnamon, same colour inside; pileus and stem becoming pale and rather golden when dry; pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, at length umbonate and revolute, cortex broken up into minute furfuraceous squamules ; gills sinuato-adnate, arcuate, crowded, 2 lines broad, at length dark, wmber-cinnamon; stem about 1-14 in. long, 2 lines thick, rather attenuated, squamulose and peronate from the veil, cortina fibrillose above, stuffed then hollow; spores 6 x 4 pu. .CORTINARIUS. 55 Cortinarius (Telamonia) psammocephalus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 80; Cke., Hdbk., p. 271; Cke., Illustr., pl. 8394. Agaricus psammocephalus, Bulliard, Champ., t. 531, fig. 2 (inside tawny, not white as in the fig.). In pine woods, &c. Stem about 1 in. long, apex naked, even, ring not distinct, but evidently a Telamonia. Vileus about 1 in. across; gills dark, sometimes with a decurrent tooth. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) iliopodius. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, conical, then expanded, rather umbonate, at first silky-fibrillose, almost glabrous when mature, cinnamon, tan-colour when dry; gills adnate, rather crowded, thin, cinnamon; stem sometimes short and equal, commonly elongated to 3-4 in., flexuous, equal, elastic, tawny, sheathed to the middle with the white, silky veil which terminates above in a ring, naked and fibrilloso-striate above the ring, yellowish-cinnamon inside ; spores, 7-8 X 4 p. Cortinarius ( Telamonia) iliopodius, Fries, Monogr., il. p. 88 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 272; Cke., Illustr., pl. 839n. In woods. Stem sometimes short, at others elongated and flexuous, not attenuated at the base, at length brownish. Pileus opaque, 1-24 in. broad, sometimes brownish, obtuse. Very variable, and some of the forms difficult to define. (Tries.) Pileus 3 in. broad, at first conic, with the silky veil attached to the margin, then convex, rather acutely umbo- nate, the umbo cinnamon, then brownish changing to ochraceous, subcarnose, silky especially on the margin, which is pellucid when moist. Gills at first pale, changing to dark- cinnamon. Stem 2 in. or more high, scarce 1 line thick, rufescent, pruinose or sericeo-squamulose, moderately tough. at length hollow. My specimens described above are smaller than the more usual state, approaching in this respect A. cucumis, now removed to the tribe Galera. Taste not acrid. Gills moderately broad. According to Fries, the pileus is from 4-1 in. broad. Stem 2-4 in. high. Taste approaching to that of radishes. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Tela.) incisus. Fr. Pileus 1-1 in. across, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then expanded, umbonate, naked, soon innately fibrillose or 56 FUNGUS-FLORA. squamulose, hygrophanous, ferruginous, tawny when dry ; gills adnate, distinct, scarcely crowded, ferruginous-cinna- mon, about 1.line broad; stem about 1 in. long, equal, fibroso- fibrillose, ferruginous, veil white, woven into a ring or’ obsolete ; spores elliptical, 5 x 3 p. Cortinarius (Telamonia) tncisus, Fries, Epicr., p. 301; Cke., Widbk., p. 272; Cke., Illustr., pl. 807. On the ground. In Cooke’s figure quoted above, called Cort. ( Tela.) incisus, Fr., var. B, the margin of the pileus is much split and often upturned, and the stem white and curved. Gregarious, small, form variable; stem 1 in. long (in B, 2-4 in.), 1-2 lines thick; pileus commonly tawny-ferru- ginous, but when young also bay, olive-brown, &c., very squamulose and cracked into shreds. (Fries.) In dry pine-woods, scattered, but also in damp meadows, dried up turf-bogs, &c., gregarious, subcaespitose; every- where tawny-ferruginous, opaque, smell faint. Stem some- what stuffed, sometimes short, about 1 in., sometimes elongated, flexuous, entirely fibrous in damp places, fibrillose, not polished externally. Pileus rather fleshy, form variable, acutely or obtusely umbonate, convex then expanded, naked. when young, then (especially in dry weather) torn into fibrils, but even and shining when scorched by the sun; gills adnate, rather distant, ferruginous-cinnamon. Differs from Cort. gentilis, &c., in being darker ferruginous, and especially in the white, zoned veil. A form exists having the pileus olive-brown. (Fries.) **** Stem floccosely scaly, and like the pileus becoming dusky. Cortinarius (Tela.) hemitrichus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate, fuscous, brownish-tan when dry, densely covered near the margin with superficial silky fibrils; gills adnate, crowded, 2 lines broad, tan-colour’ then cinnamon; stem 13-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, almost equal, pale fuscous,, floccoso-squamose from the white veil, and ringed, hollow; flesh like that ot the pileus brownish ; spores, 6-7 x 3-4 y. Cortinarius (Telamonia) hemitrichus, Fries, Epicr., p. 302 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 272; Cke., Hlustr., pl. 825. CORTINARIUS 57 Amongst moss, fallen leaves, &e. Pileus splitting, 2-3 in. broad, resembling Cort. casteneus, at first with erect, white cirrhose fibrils, becoming prostrate and silky fibrillose, at length almost glabrous, sometimes obtuse, sometimes acutely umbonate, also becoming umbili- cate from the hollow apex of the stem. Stem remarkably floccose, and a membranaceous ring not rarely present. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Tela.) stemmatus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, bay, hoary-silky towards the margin, pale when dry, fibrillose; gills adnate, crowded, bay, 1} line broad; stem about 3 in. long, 2-3 lires thick, floccoso- squamulose with an indistinct ring, ferruginous-bay, imper- fectly hollow. Cortinarius (Telemonia) stemmatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 90; Fries, Hym. Eur., p, 385; Cke., Hdbk., p. 273; Cke., Illustr., pl. 840a. In damp woods. Allied to Cortinarius uraceus, from which it differs in the floccoso-squamulose stem. Cortinarius (Tela.) rigidus. Fr. Pileus 3-1} in. across, rather fleshy, conical or convexo- expanded, acute or obtusely umbonate or quite obtuse, at at length depressed round the umbo, glabrous, even, becoming pellucidly striate at the margin, cinnamon-bay, yellowish or fuscous-tan when dry, sometimes becoming broken up into squamules when old ; flesh not cracking, colour of the pileus ; gills adnate, more or less crowded, often connected by veins, plane, entirely cinnamon-colour; stem 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, short and straight, or elongated and flexuous, brownish or the colour of the pileus, becoming pale, ad- pressedly fibrillose, not floccose, stuffed, soon hollow. Cortinarius (Tela.) rigidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 302; Cke., Hadbk., p. 273 ; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 791. In damp woods, &c. Strong scented. Cortinarius (Tela.) paleaceus. Fr. Pileus 2-1 in. across, submembranaceous, conical then ex- panded, acute or obtusely umbonate, at first silky with white, 58 FUNGUS-FLORA, superficial squamules, then glabrous, opaque, very hygro- phanous, brown when moist, dingy tan when dry; flesh of the disc coloured like the pileus, elsewhere almost obsolete ; gills adnate, broad, crowded, at first whitish-pallid then cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, 1 line thick, rather tough, surface undulated, brownish both outside and inside, paler when young, base with white down, furnished with scattered, white squamules, apex with a white ring, hollow, spores 7-8 X 3 p. Csitonduied (Telamonia) paleaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 302; Cke., Hdbk., p..273; Cke., Dlustr., pl. 826. Damp places in beech woods, &c. Much more slender than Cort. rigidus, usually acutely umbonate. Differs from Cort. iliopodius in the stem being floccoso-squamulose and not tawny inside. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Tela.) iris. Massee. Pileus about 1 in. across, hemispherical then expanded, acutely umbonate, pale ochraceous-brown, silky, densely covered with minute white fibrils, usually splitting at the margin, flesh thin; gills rather crowded, moderately broad, very much cut out behind and slightly attached, dirty ochraceous then bright orange-brown, margin entire, stem 2}—3 in. long, conical, } in. thick at base, 2 lines at the apex, solid, below the bright-brown fibrillose ring orange-brown, and covered with pointed fibrillose squamules of the same colour, above the ring smooth and silky, violet, becoming pale, flesh simi- larly coloured; spores elliptical, obliquely apiculate, smooth, orange-brown, 10 x 5p; cystidia absent. On the ground in woods; Carlisle, Oct. 1887. (Dr. Carlyle.) Solitary or in clusters of 2-4. Most nearly allied to Cort. (Telamonia) paleaceus, but distinguished by the conspicuously conical, straight, solid stem, size of spores, &c. Cortinarius (Tela.) Cookei. Quelet. Pileus up to } In. across, tawny-yellow, covered with a paler, shining, woolly veil, conical, umbonate, fibrillose; gills adnate, violet then reddish, at length rust-colour, about 1 line broad; stem 13-2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, flexuous, pale, with several yellowish floccose zones, stuffed; spores elliptical, 7 x 3°5 p. CORTINARITS. 59 Cortinarius (Telamonia) Cookei, Cke., Hdbk., p. 273; Cke., Dilustr., pl. S448. Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Cookei, Quelet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, p, 285 (1878) ; Grevillea, t. 128, f. 3. In woods. Subgen. DERMOCYBE. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. * Gills at first whitish or pallid. ** Gills at first violet, becoming purplish. *#* Gills shining cinnamon, red, or yellow. Stem and fibrillose cortina coloured. Elegant. **** QOlivaceous, veil dingy, or pale fuscous. Pileus not torn into scales. * Gills at first whitish or pallid. Cortinarius (Dermo.) ochroleucus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick except at the margin, convex; gibbous then obtuse, almost glabrous, even, whitish, with a pale ochraceous tinge; gills slightly adnexed, nearly free, crowded, 3-4 lines broad, narrower in front: whitish then ochraceous-tan ; stem 2-3 in. long, £-5 lines thick, solid, firm, ventricose or almost equal, whitish, apex fibrillose above ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4-5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) ochroleucus, Fries, Epicr., p. 224 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 257; Cke., Hlustr., pl. 775. Agaricus ochroleucus, >chaeffer, t. 5+. In woods. Inodorous, taste rather bitter, not unpleasant. Stem 3 in. long, +5 lines thick; pileus 2 in. across, silky under a lens. (Fnes.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) decumbens. Fr. (figs. 1-11, : EH): Pilevs ae in. across, rather fleshy, firm, convex then plane, gibbous then obtuse, even, glabrous, at times almost 60 FUNGUS-FLORA. white, at others yellowish, shining, not hygrophanous; gills adnexed, crowded, 2 lines broad, thin, white, then tan- colour, at length ochraceous-cinnamon from the spores; stem stuffed then hollow, 1-2 in. long, about 3 lines thick, ascending, white, smooth,. base clavato-bulbous, veil white, fugacious; spores 8 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) decumbens, Fries, Epicr., p. 284; Cke., Hdbk., p. 257; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 816a. Tn woods and grassy places. Small, firm, characterised by the ascending stem. Cortinarius (Dermo.) riculatus. I'v. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, margin thin, convexo-plane, slightly gibbous, fundamental tint honey-colour, but this colour is most conspicuous at the disc, the remainder very delicately silky or floccose from the veil, which is closely adpressed ; flesh whitish; gills adnate, crowded, up to 2 lines broad, at first tan-colour then watery ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, base } in., apex 3 lines thick, even, glabrous, pallid-white; veil evident, pallid. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) riculatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 284; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 366. In pine woods. Stem spongy within, thickened and solid below, becoming hollow above. There is no tinge of grey in the pileus. Cortinarius (Dermo.) tabularis. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, equally fleshy, convexo-plane, broadly gibbous, at length remarkably flattened, tan-colour or brownish-tan, becoming paler, at first covered with ex- ceedingly delicate, white down from the veil, silky near the margin, then entirely glabrous; flesh white; gills slightly emarginate, crowded, thin, 3 lines broad, white then tan- colour, rarely at fiist with a slight and fugacious tinge of grey; stem stuffed, becoming hollow, tough, elastic, equal, or attenuated from the base, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, erect, sometimes floccoso-squamose, sometimes smooth and almost glabrous, white then pallid; veil white, fugacious. Cortinarius (Dermocyba) tabularis, Fries, Epicr., p. 284; Cke., Habk., p. 257; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 783. In woods. CORTINARIUS. 61 Larger than C. anomalus, paler, more glabrous; gills at first whitish or with a transient shade of grey, sometimes becoming somewhat ferruginous. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) camurus. Fr. Pileus 2-53 in. across, very unequally fleshy, disc rather thick, but from the middle almost membranaceous, the broad, obtuse umbo often oblique, cracked when dry, pale hoary- brown, not hygrophanous but becoming pale yellowish, the umbo darkest; flesh white; gills variously attached owing to the oblique pileus, sometimes broadly adnate on one side, sometimes almost free, crowded, about 3 lines broad, thin, greyish-tan, then watery cinnamon or brownish, edge quite entire, similarly coloured; stem imperfectly hollow, equal, 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, always ascending or twisted, even, glabrous or fibrillose below, white outside and inside, apex naked and silvery-shining ; spores 8-9 x 6-7 ph. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) coamurus, Fries, Epicr., p. 285; Cke., Hdbk., p. 257; Cke., Illustr., pl. 784. In woods. Caespitose, very fragile, stem 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, twisted or ascending, longitudinally adpressedly fibrillose downwards. Pileus unequally fleshy, margin somewhat membranaceous, soon glabrous, but not hygrophanous, 2-3 in. broad, often cracking, at length yellowish, disc darkest, flesh white. Gills 2-3 lines broad, edge coloured like the rest, quite entire, never grey. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) diabolicus. Fr. Pileus 1 in. and more across, thin, hemispherical, obtuse then gibbous, dry, fragile, cracking, at first brownish with a grey bloom, then glabrous and yellowish-brown; gills adnate, separating and then appearing somewhat emarginate, rather crowded, 2-3 in. broad, firm, very pale grey, soon whitish, at length tan-colour; stem 3 in. long, commonly thin, about 2 lines, but sometimes up to 5 lines thick, attenuated towards the base, glabrous, pale, apex grey; veil fugacious; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 7 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) diabolicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 285; Cke., Hdbk., p. 258; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 816 3. In beech woods, &c. s 62 FUNGUS-FLORA. Called diabolicus because it is intermediate in character between two sections. Pileus often unequal, cracked. In- odorous. (Fries.) ° * Gills at first violet, becoming purple. Cortinarius (Dermo.) caninus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, equally fleshy, not thick, firm, not cracking, convex then flattened, obtuse, hoary and silky at first near the margin, glabrous when adult, colour variable, fuscous or brown, in age generally rufous brick-red, tawny when dry; flesh white, becoming yellowish; gills emar- ginate, rather distant, thin, 3-4 lines broad, grey or purplish, then cinnamon; stem 3 in. and more long, $ in. thick, in- crassated at the base, somewhat bulbous, often whitish- villose, pallid then white, apex violet, stuffed and spongy within, then hollow; spores 8 x 5-6 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) caninus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 60; Cke., Hdbk., p. 258; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 765. In woods. Allied to Cort. tabularis, which differs in size, also to Cort. anomalus ; the latter, however, differs in the peronate and somewhat ringed stem, and the colour of the pileus—fuscous to rufescent. (T'ries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) myrtillinus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, thin, tough, gibbous then flattened, smoke-colour, never becoming rufescent, densely silky hoary ; flesh watery fuscous when moist, white when dry, violet at the apex of the stem; gills adnate, rather distant, clear amethyst-blue, scarcely changing colour, never purplish ; stem 2 in. or more long, 3-4 lines thick, slightly bulbous, externally tough, whitish, with a white silkiness, stuffed ; veil scarcely evident; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) myrtillinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 285 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 258; Cke., Llustr., pl. 817. In beech woods, &c., near trunks. Colour and habit of Tricholoma nuda ; flesh at first watery brown, then white, violet at the apex of the stem. Pileus not rufescent, nor the gills with a purple shade; veil not peronate. (Fries.) CORTINARIUS. : 63 Cortinarius “Dermo.) azureus. Fr. Pileus 14-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, with a silky sheen, atomate, lilac, hoary ; gills very slightly emarginate then decurrent, rather crowded, bright bluish- violet, 2-3 lines broad; stem 2-3 in. long, base incrassated, ++} in. thick, glabrous, slightly striate, villose, sky-blue, becoming whitish, stuffed; spores broadly pip-shaped, granular, 9 x 6 p. : Cortinarius (Dermocybe) azureus, Fries, Epicr., p. 286; Cke., Illustr., pl. 768. Amongst leaves and moss in woods. Solitary, elegant, flesh of stem blue, of pileus white; not splitting nor hygrophanous. Stem rather fragile, often twisted, bright sky-blue, 3 in. long, 4 lines thick; pileus 11-2 in. broad, convexo-plane, at first lilac, then fuscous and pallid. Gills 2 lines broad, thin, at first slightly emarginate, then decurrent. (Fries.) ; The figure given by Cooke does not agree in ’all par- ticulars with the description by Fries,-yet it appears to be a form of the present species. Cortinarius (Dermo.) albocyaneus. Fr. Pileus 14-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, with an evanescent, silky pellicle, becoming smooth, white then yellowish, gills emarginate, about 3 lines broad, crowded, at first bluish-purple, then somewhat ochraceous ; stem 3+ in. long, 4-3 in. thick at the base, somewhat clavate, whitish, naked, stuffed ; spores elliptical, size variable, 6-10 x 4-7 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) albocyaneus, Fries, Monogr., il. p. 62; Cke., Hdbk., p. 259; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 748. In beech woods, &c. ™ According to Cooke’s figure the present species is sometimes slightly fasciculate, and the gills grey then pale cinnamon. Veil cinnamon. This species, along with C. tabularis and C. caninus form a very natural section, whose infinity of form is with difficulty defined. The present species runs close to C. alboviolaceus, from which it differs in the naked stem, the obtuse silky pileus that eventually becomes glabrous Sao innately- fibrillose), gills crowded, purplish-blue then ochraceous, flesh of pileus white. From C. anomalus the present species differs 64 FUNGUS-FLORA. in the firmer, somewhat club-shaped stem, flattened pileus (not gibbous), at first white then yellowish, broader gills at jength somewhat ochraceous. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) anomalus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, remarkably convex then expanded and gibbous, smoky then with a rufous tinge, hoary from evanescent fibrils, at length yellowish, not hygrophanous; flesh white when dry, not splitting; gills sometimes adnate, at others emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded, more or less tinged violet or greyish- purple, at length cinnamon; stem stuffed then hollow, 2-3 in. long, 8 lines thick, attenuated, slightly peronate, fibrillose or rather squamulose, violet above, whitish down- wards, at length becoming pale and yellowish; spores broadly elliptical, 8-9 x 7 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) anomalus, Fries, Monogr., il. p. 62; Cke., Hdbk., p. 259; Cke., Illustr., p. 776. In woods. Gregarious, small, flesh watery, veil coloured, gills some- times emarginate, sometimes decurrent, violet, purplish, or grey, always thin and narrow. In pine woodsitis sometimes more slender, stem thin, equal, glabrous, and flexuous. (Pries.) Pileus 1-2 in. broad, very obtuse, sometimes broadly but very flatly umbonate, tinged at first with violet, minutely silky so as to present a white satiny appearance, gradually changing to ochraceous or slightly tawny; flesh thick, except at the extreme margin, which has often traces of the arachnoid veil dusted with the sporules. Gills close rounded behind, at first violet, at length pale ferruginous. Stem 2) in. high, 3 in. thick, in the middle subbulbous, more or less tinged with violet, solid, fibrillose with more or less distinct transverse closely-pressed brownish scales, which originate in the veil; the top is adorned with the descending fibres of the veil, which form a spurious ring dusted with the sporules, and beneath this there is some- times another red circle which is the true ring. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) spilomeus. Fr. Pileus about 1 in. across, convex then expanded, gibbous, almost glabrous, not hygrophanous, rufous or tan-colour ; CORTINARIUS. 65 gills adnate or emarginate, crowded, narrow, thin, quite entire, grey or violet becoming pule, at lenyth watery cinnamon ; stem hollow, almost equal, about 2 inches long, _ 1-2 lines thick, whitish-lilac, elegantly variegated with rufuus or tawny scales, apex cortinate, white; spores obliquely elliptical, 6 x 7 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) spilomeus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 63 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250. In woods. Commonly caespitose. Allied to C. anoimalus, but smaller and more slender, and easily distinguished by the scaly stem. Pileus 1 in. bread, slightly fleshy, colour various, when young whitish, then ferruginous tinged with fuscous, yellowish when dry. Gills violet, then lilac, at length cinnamon. Stem 2-4 inches high, 2-3 lines thick, white tinged with violet, (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) lepidopus. Cooke. Pileus 1-2} in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, convex then expanded, gibbous, umber with a tinge of violet near the margin, becoming rufescent at the disc, flesh whitish, with a faint tinge of violet, and a darker line near the gills; gills adnate, rather crowded, 2 lines broad, thin, violet then cinnamon; stem 3-4 in. long, 1+ in. thick at the base, attenuated upwards, becoming hollow when old, violet at the apex, dirty white below, with concentric, fibrillose, darker bands, flesh with a pale lilac tinge above, and dirty white below; veil whitish with a tinge of violet; spores ovate, sometimes almost globose, with an apiculus, 9 x 6 pw. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) lepidopus, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 43; Cke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 850. Heathy ground in woods, &c. Colour of pileus variable in the shade of brown, sometimes pale. Allied to C. anomalus, but resembling C. spilomeus in the banded stem, although less distinct, and of a different colour. Stem often wavy. Gregarious or fasciculate. ° © ® Gills bright cinnamon, red, or yellow. Cortinarius (Dermo.) miltinus. Fr. Pileus 14-2 in. across, thin, convex or lentiform then voL. Ii. F 66 FUNGUS-FLORA. expanded, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, glabrous and polished, cinnamon-bay or dark cinnamon when moist, cracking at the disc, when dry the disc is bay, the remainder prick-red, shining ; flesh watery when moist, tan when dry ; gills adnate, 1-14 line broad, almost linear, plane, crowded, thin, bright reddish-cinnamon then ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, very tough, subcartilaginous, equally attenuated upwards, often twisted, base with white down, cinnamon or reddish, with red fibrils, apex often villose from the red veil; spores elliptical. 6 x 4 mu. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) miltinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 287; Cke., Hdbk., p. 260; Cke., Illustr., pl. 7854. In woods. Smell none. With the general aspect of C. spilomeus, but the colour of C. cinnamomeus. Stem distinctly cartilaginous, 2-3 in. long, 2-8 lines thick, apex villous with the red cortina or veil. Pileus obtuse or broadly gibbous, 14 in. broad, pale when dry, brick-red, disc somewhat bay-colour ; flesh watery then yellowish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) cinnabarinus. Fr. Smell strong of radishes. Every part crimson-lake with a vermilion tinge, flesh paler; pileus 2—14 in. across, obtuse, silky, shining, flesh very thin except at the disc; gills subdistant, broad, slightly emarginate, with an olive tinge ; stem 1-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, stuffed, subequal, silkcy- fibrillose ; spores elliptic-oblong with an oblique apiculus, 8x 4u. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamomeus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p- 370; Cke., Illustr., t. 7858 (larger than usual form.) In woods. Distinguished from C. sanguineus by the stuffed stem, radishy odour and broad gills with olive tinge and unequal margin. Fries states that the stem is sometimes yellowish. Cortinarius (Dermo.) sanguineus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, expanded, obtuse, often wavy, innately silky or squamulose, dark blood-red; flesh, like that of the stem, similar in colour; gills adnexed, crowded, rather broad, dark blood-red; stem 14-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, along with the veil, dark blood red, hollow ; spores 6-7 x 4 p. CORTINARIUS. 67 Cortinarius (Dermocybe) sanguineus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 260; Cke., Illustr., pl. 786. Tn woods. Stem more frequently attenuated than incrassated at the base, giving out a blood-red juice when compressed. Slenderer than C. cinnabarinus. Pileus about 1 in. broad, convex, gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, stem stuffed, then hollow. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) anthracinus. Fr. Pileus 4—? in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, convex then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, almost glabrous, chestnut-colour; flesh similarly coloured; gills adnate, crowded, slightly rounded behind, broad, scarlet, becoming blood-red when bruised ; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, intense blood-red, hollow ; spores elliptical, cinnamon with a red tinge, 7 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) authracinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk,, p. 261; Cke., Illustr., 7874. In woods. Cortinarius (Dermo.) cinnamomeus. Fr. Pileus 1-2} in. across, flesh thin, convexo-campanulate, umbonate, somewhat! cinnamon-colour, silkily squamulose with yellowish innate fibrils, becoming almost glabrous; gills adnate, broad, crowded, shining, yellowish then tawny- yellow; stem 2-4 in. long, equal, yellow, as is also the flesh and the veil, hollow; spores 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamomeus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 261; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 777, 778. In woods. A very common species, especially in mossy places in pine woods, occurring under many well defined forms, which cannot be separated as species. Essential points common to all. (1) Stem everywhere equal! stuffed then hollow, yel- lowish, fibrillose from the similarly coloured veil. (2). Pileus thin, flattened and obtusely umbonate, silky with yellowish down, often glabrous when adult, and then bright cinnamon, but the colour is variable. (3) Flesh splitting, yellowish. (4) Gills adnate, crowded, thin, broad, always shining. (5) Spores dark ochraceous, size and colour very variable; F 2 68 FUNGUS-FLORA. pileus from 4-3-4 in. across; colour of pileus changeable, depending on the more or less persistence of the down (fun- damental colour and veil constant in this species and its allies) ; gills varying through blood-red, reddish cinnamon, tawny-saffron, golden and yellow. (Fries.) Pileus 1-2} in. broad, convex or even obtusely conical when young, becoming nearly plane, obtusely umbonate, dep reddish cinnamon, often cracking at the margin, which is thin and sometimes fibrillose, smooth, somewhat fleshy. Flesh yellowish. Gills numerous, adnate, yellow cinnamon, broad, margin often notched. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2-4 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, yellow, solid, hollow in old (?) large plants. (Grev.) Var. eroceus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 66; Cke., Hdbk., p. 261; Cke., Illustr., pl. 780a. Smaller than the typical form, pileus innately squamulose, gills less crowded and shining, paler; in swamps the pileus is sometimes fuscous olive, gills and stem olive, or stem Auscous ; spores 6 X 3 p. ared tinge; spores 7-8 x 4 p. Cortinarius (Dermo.) croceo-conus. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, conical then campanulate, persistently acute, almost glabrous, tawny-cinnamon ; gills adnexed, ascending; linear, crowded, cinnamon; stem 2-3 iu. long, about 2 lines thick, flexuous, hollow. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) croceo-conus, Fries, Monogr., ii, p. 67; Cke., Dlustr., pl. 7808? In pine woods, amongst moss, &c. Gregarious. Stature of Cortinarius (Tela.) ilivpodius, but allied 10 C. croceus, of which it may be a variety. (Fries.) The figure given by Cooke does not agree with Fries’ de- scription. The pileus is 4-2 in. across, acutely umbonate, yellow with a tawny tinge; stem 14 in. long, yellow, as is algo the flesh, gills yellow then cinnamon. Gregarious subcaespitose. Equally allied to C. cinnamo- CORTINARIUS. 69 meus as C. malicorius is, but differing in an opposite direction. Differs more especially as follows. (1) stem hollow, elon- gated (3-5 in.) slender 2 (lines), flexuous. (2) Pileus conico- campanulate, persistently acute, for the most part almost glabrous, never squamulose, all one colour, tawny-cinnamon, flesh scarcely $ line thick. (3) Gills remarkably ascending, linear, crowded, cinnamon. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) uliginosus. Berk. Pileus 3-1 in. across, campanulato-conical then expanded, strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes streaked, bright red- brown; flesh thin, except at the umbonate disc, yellowish- olive then cinnamon; gills adnate, with a decurrent tvoth, 2-3 lines broad, yellow then olive, finally cinnamon; stem 2-4 in. long, about 2 lines thick, flexuous, paler than the pileus, almost equal, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical, 7x 45h. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) uliginosus, Berk., Outl., p. 191; Cke., Hdbk., p. 261; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 851. In boggy woods amongst Sphagnum. Readily distinguished by the long, slender stem, and the bright red-brown, strongly umbonate pileus. Intermediate between U. croceus, of which it is probably a paludine variety, and C. croceo-conus; differing from both in colour. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) orellanus. Fr. Pileus 142 in. across, flesh thickish at the disc, very thin at the margin, convex and obtusely umbonate, villo-ely scaly or fibrillose, golden-tawny, flesh reddish; gills adnexed, 3 lines broad, rather distant, tawny-cinnamon, at length opaque; stem 13-2 in. long, 3 lines thick, almost equal, solid, firm, striately fibrillose, tawny; spores obliquely elliptical, 6-7 and 3-4 p. Cortinarius’ (Dermocybe) orellanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262; Cke., Illustr., pl. 7873. On the ground in woods. Closely allied to Cort. cinnamomeus, and ranging through the same shades of colour. It also occurs rarely with the pileus golden-tawny and the gills yellow then tawny. Diters from C. cinnamomeus more especially in the following 70 FUNGUS-FLORA. points. (1) stem solid, firmer, striato-fibrillose, tawny as is also the veil. (2) pileus firmer, ground-colour tawny, the fibillose down golden. (3) flesh reddish. (4) gills broader, firmer, and more distant. Sometimes confounded with C. cinnabarinus, from which it differs in colour, and especially in the stem being coloured like the pileus, and not yellowish. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Dermo.) malicorius. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse, fibrillosely velvety, golden-tawny; flesh splitting, yellow then greenish-olive; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, golden-tawny, margin at length flocculose, discoloured ; stem about 2 in. long, 4 in. thick, fibrillose, and with the fibrils of the cortina, golden, hollow. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) maticorius, Fr., Epicr., p. 289; Fries, Hymn. Eur, p. 371. In pine woods. Elegant, allied to C. cinnamomeus ; taste pleasant. Funda- mental colour of pileus tawny, appearing to be darker at the disc; beautiful golden, especially near the margin, from the down, stem } in. thick, at longth fuscous or olive. Flesh yellow, then olive. (Fries.) Very similar to C. cinnamomeus, differs as follows. (1) stem always hollow; thicker (4 in.) short (2 in.), at first golden, then olive brown. (2) pileus truly fleshy, rather thick, almost plane, obtuse, disc dark brown shading off into tawny, margin golden. (3) flesh yellow then intense golden-olive. (4) gills rounded behind, much more crowded, 1 line broad, volden-tawny, edge becoming floccose and discoloured. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Dermo.) infucatus. Fr. Pileus 13-2} in. across, convex, obtuse, slightly silky when dry, bright yellow; fleshy at the disc, margin almost mem- branaceous ; gills adnate, slightly rounded behind, crowded, narrow, tawny, then cinnamon-colour ; stem 3-5 in. long, 1-2 in. thick at the clavate base, attenuate upwards, fibril- lose, white tinged yellowish, solid ; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Dermo.) infucatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 309; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262; Cke., Illustr., pl. 781. On the ground in woods. CORTINARIUS. 71 In colour the present species approaches ©. percomus and C. callisteus, but is readily known from either by the above characters. Flesh whitish. **** Becoming olivaceous. Veil dingy, pallid, or fuscous. Pileus not torn into scales. Cortinarius (Dermo.) cotoneus. Fr. Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thin, soft, pale olive, cam- panulate then expanded, obtuse, rather wavy, everywhere densely covered with a clear olive down or tomentum, fragile, when old; gills adnate, separating from the stem, rather crowded, 2-3 lines broad, olive then cinnamon, edge same colour and quite entire; stem 3 in. long, 4 in. thick, soft, bulbous, somewhat fibrillose, pale olive, solid ; veil persistent, forming a brown interwoven zone near the apex of the stem ; spores elliptical, granular, 10-11 x 8 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cotoneus, Fries, Epicr., p. 289; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262; Cke., Illustr., pl. 749. In woods. Very showy; soft to the touch, olivaceous outside and inside; opaque, pileus lax, 3 in, broad, covered ‘with a pure olive-coloured, subpersistent down. Stem 3 in. long. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Dermo.) subnotatus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then ex- panded, at first clothed with hoary, floccose, superficial squamules, soon glabrous, olive then fuscous; gills adnate, ventricose, broad, rather distant, yellowish then olivaceous- cinnamon; stem 3-4 in. long, din. thick, conical, squamulose with the yellowish fibrils of the veil, smooth and shining at the apex, stuffed and spongy inside; spores elliptical, granular, 10 X 5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) subnotatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 290; Cke., Hdbk., p. 262; Cke., Illustr., pl. 832 ? In beech woods, &c. A tall species; stem stout, fragile, 3-4 in. long, glabrous when adult. Pileus at first conical, acute, gibbous, pale, 4 in. broad; peculiar in becoming quite plane, glabrous, and dark fuscous when adult and dry. Gills 3-5 lines broad, con- nected by veins, rather thick. (Fries.) 72, FUNGUS-FLOBA. Cooke’s figure differs in having the stem distinctly hollow from the first, flesh of pileus and stem hollow, and in possess- ing a strong smell. Very showy, tall but slender, inodorous. In the young state the stem is stuffed, conico-attenuated, 3-4 in. long, often curved and wavy, fibrillose, sometimes squamulose, becoming pale, apex naked and silvery-shining; veil and fibrillae of stem yellowish; pileus with the exception of the disc, almost membranaceous, at first conical or parabolic (appearing somewhat ovate from the incurved pileus), at first covered with silky fibrils, yellowish-olive, darker when dry; gills adnate rather distant, and broad; bright pale- ocbraceous. The adult fungus presents a very different appearance, and might readily be mistaken for a distinct species. Stem spongy, at length hollow, 4 in. long, equally attenuated from the base, veil not conspicuous; pileus ex- panded, 4 in. across, glabrous, dark brown; gills 3-5 lines broad, cinnamon-olive. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Dermo.) raphanoides. Fr. Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then expanded, obtusely umbonate, often undulated, silky-fibrillose, brownish-olive, discoloured when mature, becoming tawny and glabrous; flesh pallid, almost the colour of the pileus; gills adnate, slightly ventricose, scarcely crowded, somewhat olive, at length cinnamon or subferruginous, edge paler; stem stuffed 2-3 in. long, equally attenuated upwards, rarely equal, fibrillose, opaque, becoming pallid; veil filamentous, pale olive, spores somewhat pyriform, 8 x 5 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) raphanoides, Fries, Epicr., p. 290; Cke., Hdbk., p. 263; Cke., lllustr., pl. 8334. In birch, beech, and beech woods, &e. Smell strong of radishes. Taste acrid. Stem sometimes elongated and twisted. (Fries.) Pileus 2 in. broad, when moist brownish-olive, when dry yellowish-olive, convex at first, then expanded. Gills broad, darker, adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 in. high, 4 lines thick, subascending, fibrillose, villous at the base. (Fries. ) Cortinarius (Dermo.) valgus. Tr. Pileus about 3 in. across, very thin, dise fleshy, fragile, at first convex, even, and pale olivaceous, then expanded, CORTINARIUS. 73 subumbonate, and yellowish-brown, becoming pale, somewhat brick-red when dry, glabrous ; the very thin flesh similar in colour; gills adnate, inclined to separate from the stem, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, yellowish then cinnanwi; stem 3-6 in. long, base bulbous, } in. and more thick, attenu- ated|:upwards, somewhat twisted, not fibrilluse, pallid, shining, the slightly striate apex tinged violet, imperfectly hollow. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) valgus, Fries, Epicr., p. 290; Cke., Habk., p. 263; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 750? Amongst moss in pine woods, kc. Intermediate between C. subnotatus and C. sublanatus ; differing from both in the smooth, not fibrillo-e stem. Smell none. The form (pl. 750) referred to this species, with some doubt, differs from the type in several particulars, and is perhaps a distinct variety. (Cooke.) Cooke’s figures quoted above, are as fullows :—Pileus about 3 in. across, convex then expanded, subgibbous, lurid pale yellowish-olive, more or less fibrillose; flesh thick, whitish, stem about 3 in. long, 1 in. thick at the clavate base, attenu- ated upwards, coloured like the pileus or a little paler, trace of veil in the form of an indistinct zone, solid; gills adnate, or very slight indication of a sinus behind, 2 lines broad, deep cinnamon at maturity. In woods. Cortinarius (Dermo.) venetus. Fr. Pileus 11-2 in. across, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, regular, covered with a persistent, erect, minutely velvety tomentum, green when young, then greenish-yellow, becoming more of a yellow colour when dry, not hygro- phanous; flesh pale yellowish; gills adnate, connected by veins, somewhat distant, very broad, darker olive than the pileus; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, firm, convex, colour of the pileus or a little paler, greenish-yellow, xemarkably silky-tibrillose, stuffed or hollow above; ring fibrillose, green; spores 10 x 4 p. Cortinarius (Dermocybe) venetus, Fries, Epicr., p. 291; Cke., Tlustr., pl. 8333; Cke., Hdbk., p. 263. In woods. Gregarious; very distinct. Base of stem often downy 74 FUNGUS-FLORA. and yellow. The yellow down of the pileus separates it from C.depexus ; the colour is sea-green or clear yellow-green, flesh greenish-yellow. Pileus obtusely umbonate. (Fries.) Subgen. INOLOMA. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. * Gills white or pallid at first. ** Gills, veil, and stem becoming violet. *** Gills and veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous, **** Gills and veil dusky, fuscous or olivaceous. Subgen. INOLOMA. * Gills at first white or pallid. Cortinarius (Ino.) argentatus. Krombh. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length broadly gibbous, silky then almost glabrous, silvery-grey, shining, pale whitish-brown near the margin, at first lilac and silky ; flesh whitish ; gills emarginate, crowded, serrulate, 3 lines broad, pallid then watery cinnamon; stem 4 in. long, 4 in. and more thick, attenuated from the scarcely bulbous base, glabrous, silvery-white, base at length yellowish, solid, white within; veil fibrillose, fugacious, pallid, adhering to the margin of the pileus; spores 8 x 5 p. Cortinarius argentatus, Krombholtz, Icon., t. ii. f. 27; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 745. In woods. Large, stout, inodorous, becoming pale; pileus sometimes flexuous. Smell rather strong, but not foetid. Var. pinetorum, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 46; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 746. Smaller; stem 2 in. long, pileus 2 in. broad, at first lilac and silky ; odour weak. Cortinarius (Ino.) opimus. Tr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh very thick and very hard, white; convex then plane, deformed, wavy, margin broken, absolutely CORTINARIUS. 75 dry, everywhere covered with short, ochraceous down, even, thin, truly rimoso-rivulose; gills emarginate, much narrower than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus, slightly crowded, whitish then tan-colour, crisped owing to the incurved pileus; stem very short, about 1 in. long, nearly the same thickness, solid, very compact, base rooting, whitish. Cortinarius (Inoloma) opimus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 44; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 359. On the ground. Solitary. Distinguished by the very short, thick stem, and the very thick, hard flesh cf the pileus. Var. fulvobrunneus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. £5. Stem 14 in. long, 1 in. thick, attenuated below, fibrillosely striate; pileus undulated, thinner (margin thin), glabrous, but rimoso-rivulose, tawny-brown ; gills very broad. The present variety has not, so tar as I am aware, been observed in Britain. Cortinarius (Ino.) turgidus. Fr. Pileus 2-3 in. across, very fleshy and compact, convex then flattened, very obtuse, hoary, rarely sprinkled with shining atoms, silky near the margin when young, every- where glabrous and silvery shining when adult; flesh hard, white, not changing colour; gills emarginate, crowded, 2 lines broad, quite entire, whitish then tan-colour; stem solid, stout, bulbous, base much swollen, spongy within, rigid and cartilaginous externally, elastic, silvery white, glabrous; but under a lens longitudinally fibrillose and cracked in a reticulate manner, surface often undulated; veil white, fibrillose, fugacious. Cortinarius (Inoloma) turgidus, Fr., Epicr., p. 278; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 360. In woods. Allied to C. argentatus, but known by the very obtuse pileus and the quite entire margin of the gills. ** Gills, stem, and veil becoming violet. Continarius (Ino.) violaceus. Linn. Pileus truly fleshy, 3-6 in. across, convex then expanded, - regular, obtuse, everywhere covered with persistent down, 76 FUNGUS-FLORA. and for the most part cracked into squamules, dark violet, sometimes purple-violet, margin at first involute, flesh soft, deeper-coloured than -the pileus; gills somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins, broader than the flesh of the pileus, dark, ,almost blackish-violet then cinnamon- colour from the spores, but violet when the spores are fallen ; stem solid, stout, remarkably bulbous, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. thick, spongy, sofr, at first tomentose, then fibrillose, dark violet, inside greyish-violet; veil woolly, blue, then ferru- ginous from the falling spores; spores 12-14 x 9-10 p. Cortinarius (Inoloma) violaceus, Linn., Cke., Hdbk., p. 252; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 770. In woods. Easily distinguished from allied forms by being dark violet both outside and inside, the villoso-squamulose pileus, and distant gills. (Iries.) Large, handsome. Pileus 3-6 in. broad, obtuse, expanded. Gills, when young deep violet, almost black. Stem 4 in. high, when young subtomentose. (Fries. ) If attention be paid to the sporules and arachnoid veil, there will be no danger of confounding this with any of the varieties of A. personatus. (Berk.) Cortinarius (Ino.) cyanites. Fr. . Pileus 3-5 in. acruss, fleshy, obtuse, silky, becoming smooth, pale sky-blue; gills adnexed, rounded behind, some- | what crowded, at first clear steel-blue; stem 3-5 in. long, | 4-} in. thick at the apex, bulbous, smooth, sky-blue, con- taining a blood-red juice ; spores elliptical, 10 x 5-6 p. Cortinarius (Inoloma) cyanites, Fries, Epicr., p. 279; Cke., Hdbk., p. 252. In woods. The stem gives out a blood-red juice when compressed.) Pileus at length glabrous, livid-brownish. Flesh at | pale sky-blue, then dingy white, and often tinged red. Var. major. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 361. Pileus and stem, fleshy, tardily becoming reddish; gills rather distant, dark_ bluish-grey. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Ino.) muricinus. Fr. Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, becoming smooth, violaceous then with a reddish tinge, CORTINARIUS. 17 margin whitish-fibrillose; gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, purplish-violet, broad; stem about 3 in. long, bulbous, attenuated upwards, about 3 in. thick at the apex, villose, purplish-violet, flesh without juice; veil white at first; spores 8-9 x 4-5 p. Cortinarius (Inoloma) muricinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 279; Cke., Habk., p. 252; Cke., Illustr., pl. 815. In larch-woods, &ec. Stem stout, somewhat woolly, pileus thick, spongy, 3-4 in. broad, gills } in. broad, at length reddish-liver colour, smell peculiar. Flesh juiceless, sky-blue then whitish. (Fries.) Cortinarius (Ino.) alboviolaceus. Fr. (figs. 7, 8, 12, p. 16.) Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex, broadly umbonate or gibbous, dry, prettily innately silky and even, the fibrils longi- tudinally adpressed, whitish-violet; flesh watery, bright pluish-white; gills adnate, scarcely emarginate, 2-3 lines brvad, not crowded, somewhat serrulate at the margin, colour a peculiar greyish-violet, at length greyish-cinnamon ; stem 2 in. long, $—1 in. thick, solid, firm, clavately bulbous, or conically attenuated, whitish-violet outside and inside, with white down, fibrillose above from the veil, and with a white ring-like zone at the middle of the stem; spures 12 X 5-6 p. Cortinarius (Inoloma) alboviolaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 280; Cke., Habk., p. 253; Cke., Ilustr., pl. 747. In beech woods, &c., amongst fallen leaves. Smell none, taste not remarkable; stem somewhat conical and often peronately ringed. Flesh juicy, bluish-white. Cortinarius (Ino.) malachius. Fr. Pileus about 2 in. across, truly and equally fleshy, com- monly compact, convex then expanded, obtuse or slightly gibbous, pale lilac then rusty brown, pale tan when dry, hoary from minute fasciculate down, or towards the margin silky; flesh whitish; gills emarginate, crowded, purple, becoming pale, at length watery ferruginous; stem bulbous (when growing on rotten pine leaves very ventricose, or ‘sometimes equal), always stout, 3-4 in. and more long, often lin. thick, frequently deformed, bluish-lilac then whitish, 78 FUNGUS-FLORA, solid but spongy within, soft, pallid; veil at first somewhat peronate but commonly the stem is naked, apex delicately cortinated, fibrils becomiug cinnamon-tinted from the spores, a white, membranaceous ring is rarely present; spores 10-12 x 6-7 p. Cortinarius (Inoloma) malachius, Fries, Epicr., p. 280; Cke., Hadbk., p. 253; Cke., Ilustr., pl, 756. In fir woods. Flesh of stom soft, pileus equally flesh, hoary with fas- ciculate down, at first similar to Cort. armeniacus, but at length discoloured and hygrophanous. Inodorous. CLILOCYBE, 439 glabrous, covered at first with a slight silkiness, colour variable, but always dark, somewhat olive or amber, rather ochraceous when dry. Gills very broad behind, obtusely adnate, resembling a segment of a circle, closely crowded, olive or umber in every stage; spores white. (Fries.) ** Gills whitish. Clitocybe diatreta. Ir. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex when young, regular, obtuse, margin involute, pubescent; flattened and depressed when adult, often wavy, even, glabrous, dingy flesh-tint when moist, at length tan-colour and flaccid, margin spreading, naked, whitish