990 Oo CO TOU [Aten WHERE JAN STog HE New Dork Htate College of Agriculture At Cornell Gniversity Ithaca, N. D. Librarp TT 3 1924 051 800 294 Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924051800294 FUNGUS-FLOEA, BRITISH FUNGUS-FLORA. A CLASSIFIED TEXT-BOOK OF MYCOLOGY. BY GEORGE MASSEH, AUTHOR OF ‘PLANT LIFE,” “THE PLANT WORLD,” ETO. VOL. IV. LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK ST., COVENT GARDEN, AND NEW YORK. 1895. : LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, Lmitep, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS, Ge vey- ASCOMYCETES GYMNOASCACEAE . HYsTERIACEAE DIscOMYCETES PYRENOMYCETES . TUBERACEAE Ascomyceae Gymnoasceae Phacidieae . Sticteae Patellarieae a Dermateae . Bulgariese . Ascoboleae . a‘ Pezizae . Helvelleae . CONTENTS. —— PAGE . . 1,2 . . . . - 10 s . . . 10, 21 . 3 . 10, 46 z 10 . . . 10 . . 14 . . 18 . . g AC . . 76 . . . . . . . 89 . . . . . . eZ : . . . . . . . 138 : - c . . . . - 155 . : . . . . . - 185 : . : . . 455 LIS® Abrothallus parmeliarum . Acetabula vulgaris . Actidium Byes . Agyrium rufum a ‘Ascobolus barbatus. Ascobolus furfuraceus . Ascodesmis nigricans . Ascomyces aurea... Ascomyces deformans . Ascophanus minutissimus. Aulographum vagum . Barlaea Crouani Belonidium pullum. Biatorella connivens Blityridium caliciiforme Bulgariella pulla . . Celidium varians . . Chlorosplenium seruginosum. Ciboria emergens 7 Coceophacidium pini . Colpoma degenerans Colpoma quercinum Coryne atrovirens . Cryptodiscus microstomus - Cryptomyces aureus Crumenula ericae Curreyella trachycarpa. Dasyscypha carinata Dasyscypha ciliaris. Dasyscypha soppittii Desmazierella acicola . Dichaena faginea, var. capreae 22 Dichaena quercina. . Durella connivens . . Ephelina rhinanthus Farlowia repanda Geoglossum glutinosum OF FIGURES. SS PAGE PAGE 12 | Geopyxis rapulum . 290 » 290 pyxis coccinea . 290 - 22 | Gloniopsis curvata. . 22 - 12 | Gymnoascus Reesii. . 12 167 | Gyromitra esculenta 188 162 | Gyromitra gigas. 188 12 | Helotium epiphyllum . 290 12 | Helotium lechithinum . 290 12 | Helotium moniliferum . 290 156 | Helvellacrispa. . 188 22 | Helvella helvelloides 465 290 | Heterosphaeria patella. 12 156 | Humaria rutilans 406 12 | Hysterium pulicare. 22 91 | Hysterographium fraxini 22 156 | Keithia tetraspora . . 12 12 , Lachnea hemispherica . 290 156 | Lachnea scutellata . 290 156 | Lagerheima sphaerospora . 91 91 | Laquearia sphaeralis 12 22 : Leotia lubrica . 183 12 | Leptoglossum microsporum . 188 156 = Lophium mytillinum 22 91 , Masseea quisquilarum . +403 91 . Mitrula paludosa 188 91 | Melittosporium lichenicolum . 12 156 | Melittosporium pteridinense . 12 156 | Mollisia atrocinerea . 156 156 | Mollisiella ilicincola 222, 290 . 156 | Morchella conica . 18s 324 | Morchella esculenta . 188 22 Mytilidion laeviusculum Z. 2 . 22 | Nemacyclus niveus. gee Are t4 Neottiella corallina. 290, 373 22 | Neottiella polytrichi 5 371 22 | Ocellaria aurea . = 22 Iss Ombrophila clavus . : 156 vili Orbilia auricolor 2... Orbilia inflatula Ostreion Americanum . Otidea neglecta . Patellaria clavispora . Patellaria lonicerae. Patinella macrospora . . Peziza ochracea. ‘ Peziza vesiculosa 3 Phacidium infestans . . Phacidium striatum Phragmonaevia hysteroides Plectania melastoma . . Propolis faginea ag! Pseudographis pinicola Pseudopezizaretrusa . . Rhizina undulata . ‘ Rhytisma punctatum . . Ryparobius Cookei. . . LIST OF FIGURES. Ryparobius Pelletieri Saccobolus Kerverni Schizothyrium ptarmicae . Schizoxylon Berkeleyanum Schweinitzia rufo-olivacea. Scleroderris Houghtoni Scleroderris ribesia . Sclerotinia bulborum Scutularia citrina . Spathularia flavida. Stamnaria equeseti . Stictis radiata Tapesia caesia . Trochila craterium . Trochila ilicis Tympanis conspersa . Verpa digitaliformis . , . Vibrissea truncorum . Xylographa parallela FUNGUS-PRORA. ASCOMYCETES. Tue very large number of species of fungi included in the group known as the Ascomycetes, are characterised by having their spores produced in asci or mother-cells. In the great majority of species the asci are numerous, closely packed side by side, and form the dise or hymenium, seated on and protected by a structure called the ascophore, which is either parenchy- matous, that is, composed of a mass of more or less polygonal cells united to form a tissue, or consists of densely inter- woven, septate hyphae. In the Discomycetes, the ascophore has usually been described in British mycological works as the cup, a vessel to which, in many species, it bears a resem- blance; in other species, however, this term does not apply ; whereas in the Hysteriaceae, the ascophore is never cup- shaped; therefore the term ascophore is invariably used in the present work, as being universally correct, in the sense of being the structure containing the asci. Ina few of the simplest genera, as Ascomyces and Ascodesmis, the asci either spring from the hyphae at intervals, or if clus- tered together are not enclosed in a protective covering. That portion of the ascophore situated immediately below the collection of asci forming the hymenium, is called the hypothecium, and the lateral portion of the ascophore up to the margin is the excipulum. In the Discomycetes, as already stated, the excipulum usually forms a more or less cup- shaped siructure, whereas in the Hysteriaceae the excipulum is always laterally compressed, the lips, or the two compressed sides of the margin of the excipulum, being usually close VOL. IV. B a 2 FUNGUS-FLORA. together, and leaving only a narrow slit or opening, through which the mature spores escape from the almost concealed disc. In some cases the base of the ascophore is narrowed below and prolonged as a stem-like structure, when it is said to be stipitate; when the stem is entirely absent, it is sessile. When a sessile ascophore is seated quite on the surface of the substratum or matrix, the substance on which it is growing, it is superficial ; when more or less buried in the substratum, but with the upper surface exposed, it is innate; and when it originates entirely below the substratum or matrix, and bursts through during development, the ascophore is said to be erumpent. The texture of the ascophore varies consider- ably in different species; when rather thick, parenchyma- tous, and more or less brittle, it is described as fleshy ; carti- laginous, when composed of interwoven hyphae, rather flexible and tough; in the Hysteriaceae the excipulum is usually carbonaceous, consisting of parenchymatous tissue, the exter- nal walls being rigid, blackish, and brittle, and breaking up into a carbonaceous mass when crushed. In Bulgaria and allied genera the ascophore is gelatinous when moist, becom- ing rigid and horny when dry. The texture and consistence of the ascophore are points of primary importance in the discrimination of species, and should always be noted. In numerous species the ascophore originates at once from delicate, colourless hyphae that are almost completely buried in the matrix; in others, some of the hyphae come to the surface, and form a more or less dense felt or subiculum, from which numerous ascophores usually spring ; in a third type the hyphae form a dense parenchymatous cushion or stroma, from which the ascophores originate. Constituent parts of the ascophore. Iu several species it has been demonstrated that the hyphae forming the excipulum and basal portion are developed first, and the paraphyses, which also belong to this portion, are formed before the asci, the last-named being developed from per- fectly independent ascogenous hyphae that are not in organic continuity with the hyphae of the excipulum. During deve- lopment the two systems of hyphae become much inter- woven at the basal portion of the ascophore, and the growing ASCOMYCETES. 3 asci push up between the paraphyses. It is yet an open question as to whether this differentiation of hyphae is universal. Sexual reproduction is unknown in the Asco- mycetes. Secondary forms of reproduction. In addition to the formation of ascospores—spores formed in asci—other special- ised reproductive bodies, collectively known as conidia, are present in some species, and usually precede the formation of ascospores. These conidia-producing structures are very variable in form in different species, and in some instances more than one form is contaiued in the life-cycle of a species. Many such conidial forms belonging to the Ascomycetes were at oue time considered as distinct species, and found a place in the Hy; homycetes or the Melanconieae; in fact it may be assumed, from analogy, that all the so-called species included in the two last-named groups are in reality only stages in the life-cycle of the higher fungi, and mostly belonging to the Ascomycetes. Asci.—The asci, or mother-cells of the spores, as already explained, are the specialised tips of ascogenous hyphae, and when fully furmed vary in form in different species, being cylindrical ; clavate or club-shaped; or more or less broadly obovate. The apex may be rounded without any contraction ; more or less narrowed ; or truncate, that is, more or less flat- tened. In some species the basal portion of the ascus below the spore-bearing portion is considerably narrowed and elon- gated, when it is said to be stipitate. When the spores are mature, they are ejected from the ascus, in some species with considerable force. At this stage the wall of the ascus and the protoplasm nut used up in the formation of the spores absorb water and increase in size, especially near the apex, at which point the spores collect. When the wall of the ascus reaches the maximum of exten- sion it ruptures at the point of least resistance—the apex— the elastic wall of the ascus contracting at the same moment from below upwards, the contained spores, along with the water, being ejected ina mass. The empty ascus, still fixed at the base, then collapses. The apical portion of the wall of B2 4 FUNGUS-FLORA. the ascus, most capable of expansion, is frequently much thicker than the lower portion, and in many species assumes a clear blue colour when treated with a solution of iodine, a plug occupying the apex becoming darkest in colour. This iodine reaction is frequently included in the specific diagnosis by Rehm, in his work on the Discomycetes in Rabenhorst’s “Kryptogamen-Flora.” In some species the apex of the ascus is ruptured in an irregular manner, in others there is a long slit, while in others again, as in many of the Ascoboleae, the apex opens by a distinct circular lid that remains upraised and attached by one side after the spores have escaped. Boudier, a French Mycologist, has proposed a classification of the Discomycetes, based on the mode of opening of the apex of the ascus; the arrangement, however, has not been adopted, as the character can only be distinctly observed in the fresh specimen. In some species, clouds of spores are given off at maturity ; this process is known as puffing, and is due to the simultaneous dehiscence of numerous asci. Shaking or breathing on the fungus causes this, which is considered by De Bary to be due to the sudden loss of water, the act being accelerated by whatever aids transpiration. No pufiing is caused by shaking or otherwise if the fungus is shut up in a damp atmosphere. This, however, does not explain the matter entirely, as fungi will often puff after lying in a room for some hours, if moved. The phenomenon appears to depend on a difference of tension being brought about in the walls of the asci. In Ascobolus and allied genera the asci expand so much that they project far above the surface of the hymenium at maturity; dehiscence takes place by the spores being ejected through a definite aperture formed by the opening of a circular lid at the apex, the ascus remaining fixed at the base, and not being ejected bodily, as is sometimes believed. After dehiscence the ascus shrivels and contracts. Spores. The ascus when quite young is filled with finely granular, vacuolated protoplasm, in which a single nucleus is imbedded; as the ascus increases in size two nuclei are present, at a later stage four, and eventuall y eight nuclei can be seen; these eight nuclei are the starting-points for the formation of the eight spores, which are formed ASCOMYCETES. 5 simultaneously, and grow to about double their original size. Hight is the most usual number of spores present in an ascus, in a few cases four only are present, in others more than eight, and then a multiple of that number, as sixteen, thirty- two, sixty-four; when very numerous and minute, as in the species of Tromera, they are described as indefinite. The arrangement of spores is generally constant in a given species ; unisereate, when the spores are arranged in a single row, and in such cases each spore when longer than broad, usually lies with its long axis more or less oblique to the long axis of the ascus: in such cases the spores are obliquely uniseriate ; biseriate when the spores are in two rows, usually somewhat irregularly placed ; inordinate, when the spores are grouped without order, often near the top of the ascus; fasciculate, when very long spores are arranged in a parallel bundle. All spores are without colour at first, and many remain so when quite mature, and are then described as hyaline, or colourless. In others, again, the epispore becomes evloured at maturity. The epispcre is always smooth and even at first, but in many species becomes varivusly ornamented during growth; when covered with very minute projecting points it is said to be verruculose ; and when the warts are larger and fewer in number, it is warted or verrucose. In many species the surface of the spore becomes ornamented with numerous more or less regular polygonal pits or depres- sions, thus leaving a network of raised ridges ; such spores are said to be reticulated ; when the reticulations are very minute, they are liable to be mistaken for minute warts, unless carefully examined, and many such spores have been erroneously described as verruculose or rugulose. In most species of Ascobolus the spores at maturity are of a beautiful purple or rich brown colour, and marked with very slightly raised lines, often running more or less parallel to the long axis of the spore, and frequently anastomosing. In many spores the protoplasmic contents are coarsely granular, an appearance which has led to their being de- scribed as verruculose, even when the epispore is perfectly smooth; to guard against such mistakes, it is necessary to pay attention to the outline of the spere, and not to the surface. Spores vary in form from perfectly globose or spherical, to filiform or needle-shaped ; in the latter case they are usually 8 YUNGUS-FLORA. this sense a knowledge of the habitat is ono factor of value in discriminating between morphologically closely allied species. Examination. A few hinis on the use of different re- agents for emphasizing doubtful points have already been given ; and remembering the numerous imperfect statements to be fonnd in many books, respecting matters of microscopic detail, as the form and septation of paraphyses, septation of spores, and nature of ornamentation of the epispore, it may be repeated that the substitution of very dilute potassic hydrate for water will frequently reveal, clearly defined, septa that could not be seen, or at most vaguely, when examined in water. In the case of working with material that has been dried, the use of potassic hydrate is a neces- sity, the parts of the section, as hairs, paraphyses, spores, &c., expanding much better than when watcr alone is used, especially if the slide is heated over a spirit-lamp until the liquid just boils, the cover-glass being kept in position by a spring-clip. On the cther hand it is equally important not to abuse the use of potassic hydrate by using too strong a solution, or by prolonged boiling in this medium, otherwise the cell-walls become swollen, and an appearance is produced quite foreign to the specimen under normal conditions. It is possible to treat coarsely warted spores with potassic hydrate until the wall becomes so much swollen as to appear quite smooth, or in fact until it disappears altogether. When a section is very delicate and too transparent to show the details, a drop of dilute solution of iodine will make it stand out sharp and clear. When it is desired to make a thorough study of the mor- phology of a species, it should first be placed in alcohol, and allowed to remain for some days at least. By adopting this method the specimen is rendered firm, and the whole struc- ture at the same time made quite clear. When collecting, it is always advisable to carry a bottle containing methylated spirit, into which specimens intended for critical examina- tion can be placed. These can afterwards be placed in absolute alcohol, or will work quito well if only kept in methylated spirit, and in this medium they can be kept for any length of time—the longer the better—before being ASCOMYCETES. 9 used. 5 » > nea se! Crs Bey iN HY N Ni IN PITYA. 291 corrected to Pitya by Saccardo, Syll., viii. p. 209); Sace., SylL., viii. p. 209; Rehm., Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 925. Distinguished from other genera having globose, hyaline spores, by growing on conifers. Pitya cupressi. Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 926; Sacc., Syl, viii. n. 849. Gregarious, sessile or narrowed into a short, stem-like base, piriform and closed when young, then nearly plane, somewhat fleshy ; margin entire, thickish, glabrous, lower portion of ascophore and stem downy, especially when young, whitish; disc orange-yellow or yellow; 1-2:5 mm. across ; hypothecium and excipulum parenchymatous, cortical cells largest, polygonal, 8-11 x 6-7 »; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, tapering below into a long pedicel, 8-spored ; spores globose, hyaline, smooth, with a large central oil- globule, 10-12 » diameter, 1-seriate in the upper part of the ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE PEZIZAE, &e. Fig. 1. Barlaea Crowanit, Sacc., nat. size ;--Fig. 2, section of same, x ;— Fig. 3, spore of same, x 300;—Fiz. 4, ascus and paraphyses of same, highly x ;—Fig. 5, Lachnea hemispherica, Gillet, specimen in early stage, nat size;—Fig. 6, section of excipulum, showing the external hairs in tufts, x ;—Fig. 7, two of the marginal hairs, x 300;—¥Fig. 8, spores of same in young and mature stage, x 300;—Fig. 9, section of same when mature and expanded ;—Fig. 10, Helotium lechithinum, Mass., nat. size ;— Fig. 11, section of same, x ;—Fig. 12, section of excipulum of same, x ;— Fig. 18, ascus and paraplysis of same, highly x ;—Fig. 15, Acetabula vulgaris, Fckl., small and young plant, nat. size;—Fig. 16, spore of same, x 300;—Fig. 17, Otidea neglecta, Mass., young and only partly expanded plant, nat. size;—Fig. 18, portion of excipulum of same, showing the outside clavate cells, x 300;—Fig. 19, spore of same, x 300;—Fig. 20,. Lachnea seutellata, Gill., nat. size ;—Fig. 21, section of same, slightly x ; Fig. 22, Peziza vesiculosa, Bull., small specimen, nat. size ;—Tig. 23, ascus and paraphysis of same, x 250;—Fig. 24, Geopyxis coccinea, Mass., nat. size ;—Fig. 25, spores of same, x 300;—Fig. 26, Geopyxis rapulum, Sace., nat. size;—Fig. 27, spores of same, x 300;—Fig. 28, Mollisiella iliciacola, Mass., nat. size ;—Fig. 29, the same, x ;—Fig. 30, ascus and paraphyses, x 300 ,—Fig. 31, Helotium epiphyllum, ascus and paraphyses, x 800;—Fig. 32, specimens of same on portion of dead oak leaf, nat. size ;—Fig. 33, Neottiella corallina, Mass., nat. size;—Fig. 34, the same, x ;—Fig.35, spore of same, x 300;—Fig. 36, Helotium moniliferum, Mass., a single ascophore, slightly x ; —Fig. 37, section of excipulum of same x ;—Fig. 38, ascus and paraphyses of same, x 300:—Fig. 39, conidia of same, x 300 ;—Fig. 40, Plectania melastoma, Fckl., section of ascophore, nat. size. : u 2 292, FUNGUS-FLORA. ascus ; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, not more than 3 p thick at the slightly swollen apex. Peziza cupressi, Batsch, Elench. Fung., p. 119. Lachnella cupressi, Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 241, pl. viii. fig. 45. On dry, fallen twigs and leaves of Cypress and Juniper. Specimen in Desm., Crypt. Fr., ed. ii., n. 19, examined. SPHAEROSPORA. Sace. Ascophore rather fleshy, sessile, margin incurved and closed at first, soon expanding and becoming almost or quite plane; disc often brightly coloured ; externally pilose, hairs coloured, those fringing the margin septate, thick-walled, pointed, and larger than the remainder; cortex parenchy- matous, cells large; asci large, cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores l-seriate, hyaline, continuous, globose, smooth or having the epispore warted or reticulated; paraphyses septate, clavate. Sphaerospora, Sace., Mich., i. p. 594; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 188. Lachnea, Phil., Brit. Disc. Peziza, of many authors. Allied to Lachnea in the structure of the ascophore and setulose margin, but differing in the perfectly globose spores. Barlaea has globose spores, but the ascophore is glabrous. Growing on the ground, rarely on rotten wood. * Disc red or orange. Sphaerospora trechispora. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 763. Scattered, sessile, subglobose and closed at first, soon plane and applanate, rather fleshy, 4-1 cm. across; disc varying from orange-red to crimson, externally paler and clothed with stout, clear brown, septate, thick-walled, pointed hairs, the marginal ones 200-300 x 7-9 p, base often more or less swollen and branched, mixed at the margin with short, obtuse, thin-walled, 1-2 septate hairs ; cortical cells large; asci large cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored; spores l-seriate, hyaline, globose, increasing gradually up to 18-20 « diameter, epispore thick, smooth at SPHAEROSPORA, 293 first, finally covered with a very smaii meshed network formed by anastomosing, raised ribs; paraphyses septate, apex clavate and filled with brownish or red granules. Peziza trechispora, B. & Br., Anu. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii, p. 77 (1846); Mycogr., fig. 129 (spore wrong; represented as warted instead of being minutely reticulated.) Lachnea trechispora, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 218, pl. vii. fig. 41 (spores wrong ; should be reticulated.) On naked, damp earth, rarely on rotten wood.) Closely allied to S. asperior, but easily recognised by the thick epispore being ornamented with a network of very delicate ridges. Seen in optical section the thin ridges resemble delicate, radiating spines in the thickness of the wall; hence, as in many other instances, the spore has been erroneously described as echinulate. ' Type specimen examined; also specimen in Cooke, Fung. Brit., n. 288. 8S. asperior is confused with the present series in the herbaria of Berkeley and Broome; and may possibly have been sent to correspondents as S. trechispora. Sphaerospora asperior. Sacc., Syll. viii. n. 764. Scattered, crimson to tawny red, sessile, closed at first, soon becoming plane, rather fleshy, 2-5 mm. across; externally clothed wiih brown, septate, thick-walled, pointed hairs, often more or less curved at the margin, and there measuring 250-350 x 8-10 p, base often branching ; cortical cells large ; asci large, cylindrical, tip obtuse, 8-spored: spores 1-seriate, globose, hyaline, smooth at first, then bristling with crowded, cylindrical, obtuse warts 2-3 » long; clavate, and containing coloured granules when fresh. Peziza asperior, Nyl., Pez. Fenn., p. 21; Cooke, Mycogr fig. 51; Phil, Brit. Disc., p. 85. On naked, damp soil. Specimens in Thum., Myc. Univ., n. 1211, and Rehm, Ascom., n. 405 (called Humaria trechispora (B. & B.). Differs from 8. trechispora in the distinctly warted, and not reticulated spores. Sphaerospora binominata. Mass. Scattered, sessile, subglobose and closed at first, then be- coming almost or quite plane, rather fleshy, 1-2 mm. across ; 294 FUNGUS-FLORA. disc orange-red, externally clothed with thick-walled, fusiform, acuminate, 1-3-septate, dark brown hairs, largest at the margin, where they measure 80-150 x 7-8 «4; cortex par- ench ymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 10-15 « diameter ; asci stoutly cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored; spores hyaline, globose, smooth at first then covered with a very delicate reticulation, 16-18 p diameter, 1-seriate; paraphyses slender, septate, tips broadly clavate, and filled when fresh with red granules. Growing on a patch of Jungermannia turbinata, Radd. This very distinct and beautiful species was collected by Professor T'. Johnson, near Bundoran, Ireland, 10/94. Distinguished from allies by the small size of the ascophore, and the tusiform or ventricose, acuminate, marginal hairs. ** Dise brownish or fawn-colour. Sphaerospora hinnulea. Mass. Scattered, sessile, globose and closed at first, finally be- coming almost plane, margin persistently more or less erect, often wavy, varying from fawn-colour to reddish brown; margin fringed with short, 1—-2-septate, acute, crowded, pale brown hairs, 40-60 x 6-8 p, otherwise glabrous; 4-1 cm. across ; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, slightly elongated in the direction from base to edge, and running out into the marginal hairs, 15-20 x 10-12 »; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth globose, 12-15; paraphyses hyaline, septate, be- coming clavate upwards. Peziza hinnulea, B. & Br., n. 1820*, in Ann. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 16; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 52. Lachnea hinnulea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 219. ‘Barlaea hinnulca, Sacc., SylL, n. 445. On the ground among grass. The marginal hairs are short but very distinct, conse- quently the species cannot remain in Barlaea. Type examined. Very closely allied to S. brunnea, if indeed truly distinct ; differing mainly in the reddish tone of the ascophore, shorter marginal hairs, and hyaline paraphyses. SPHAEROSPORA. 295 Sphaerospora brunnea. Mass. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, subglobose and closed at first, then becoming broadly expanded but having the margin permanently more or less raised, often wavy, rather fleshy, brittle, disc pale yellowish brown externally, and the margin darker than the disc and pilose, the hairs, which are most abundant and fasciculate at the margin, are cylindrical or very slightly tapering, ends obtuse, usually 1-septate, smooth, wall slightly thickened, sometimes slightly curved, pale yellowish brown, 25-40 x 5-7; cortical cells large, irregularly polygonal 10-18 » diameter; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, narrowed below into a pedicel which is usually crooked at the base, 8-spored; spores globose, hyaline, smooth, 1-seriate, 12-14 » diameter; paraphyses septate, the brownish clavate tips 5-6 » broad. Peziza brunnea, A. & §., Consp. Fung., n. 946, p. 317, tab. ix. fig 8; Cooke, Mycogr. fig. 126a (copied from Alb. & Schw.); not of Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 209. On charcoal bed. Described from a specimen from Schweinitz, now in Herb. Berk., Kew. It is somewhat remarkable that the Schweinitzian specimen in Berkeley’s herbarium should have been overlooked by both Cooke and Phillips. The species, as stated by Schweinitz, resembles Lachnea hemispherica in habit and in the fasciculate hairs, but differs in being smaller, of a uniform yellow-brown colour, and more especially in the globose spores. Sphaerospora Phillipsii. Mass. Ascophores gregarious, subcaespitose, sessile, hemispherical then depressed, subflexuose, brown, externally clothed with minute, rigid, fasciculate, brown, septate hairs; disc the same colour; asci cylindrical, spores 8, globose, asperate, 15-18 ».; paraphyses slender, septate, apices clavate. Lachnea brunnea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 209. On the ground. Ascophores 1-2 lines broad. The above description embraces the characters of Albertini and Schweinitz’s species, with the addition of microscopical characters of a plant referred to it by Mr. C. E. Broome, which agrees admirably in external characters. (Phil.) 296 FUNGUS-FLORA. Unknown to me, the above being copied from Phillips, Brit. Dise., p. 209. It will be observed that the present fungus was accepted by Phillips as the Peziza brunnea, Alb. & Schw., but examination of authentic specimens of the latter prove that the plant accepted by Phillips differs in the larger, asperate spores. Sphaerospora confusa. Sacc., Syll., viii, n. 772. Gregarious or scattered, sessile, 3-5 mm. across, closed at first, then gradually expanding until plane; disc dark purplish brown when young, then light brown when fully expanded, externally brown, the margin and for some distance down, studded with crowded fasciculate, bright brown, septate, thick-walled, pointed hairs, 80-250 x 7-10»; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 12-20 p diameter ; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, narrowed into a long pedicel, 8-spored; spores l-seriate in the upper part of the ascus, hyaline, continuous, smooth, globose, 11-13 » dia- meter (sometimes there are only 6 spores in an ascus); -paraphyses slender, becoming slightly clavate upwards, septate, containing reddish-brown granules at the tip. Peziza confusa, Cooke, Bull., Buffalo Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 291; Mycogr., fig. 124. Lachnea confusa, Phil., Grev. xviii. p. 83. Peziza brunnea, Nyl]., Obs., p. 21. On burnt soil, sand, &c. Cups 2-6 mm. broad, partly immersed in the soil, having numerous brown, septate, entangled hairs at the base, the upper exposed surface and the margin clothed with short, stout, brown, fasciculate hairs, from 30-70 » long, and 3-7 thick, tapering towards the summit. The cells of the pseudo- parenchyma are about 10-15 » in diameter, but vary above this size in some individuals, It is very near Peziza schizo- spora, the chief difference being the hairy surface of the cup. (Phillips.) **® Disc black. Sphaerospora nigrella. Mass. Gregarious or caespitose, sessile, globose and closed at first, then becoming hemispherical, tough, everywhere TAPESIA., 297 blackish; disc shining when young, usually rugulose at maturity, externally, and the margin densely covered with cylindrical, blunt, septate, somewhat thin-walled, smooth, wavy, brown hyphae; base fibrillose, rooting; often irre- gular in form, contracted and the entire margin incurved when dry, 4-14 cm. across; hypotheciam and excipulum formed of hyaline, densely interwoven hyphae, these change at the cortex into the external, coloured hyphae; asci cylin- drical, apex obtuse, pedicel elongated, tapering downwards, crooked, 8-spored; spores 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth. globose, 10-11 » diameter; paraphyses septate, numerous, slender, brownish at the thickened tips. Peziza nigrella, Pers., Syn. p. 648 ; Cooke, Mycogr. fig. 120. Pseudoplectania nigrella, Sacc., Svll., vill. n. 665. On the groundin pine woods, rarely on rotten trunks. The marginal hairs are not differentiated as in those of other species. Specimen in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 252, examined. TAPESIA. Pers. (fig. 39, marked 40 at bottom of plate, and 41, p. 156). Ascophore minute, thin, sessile, usually more or less nar- rowed at the base, closed at first, then becoming almost or quite plane, pilose or downy, seated on a more or less spread- ing subiculum formed of branched, interwoven hyphae; asci narrowly clavate, apex somewhat narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, smooth, hyaline, elongated and narrow, continuous or septate; paraphyses slender. Tapesia, Persoon, Myc. Eur., i. p. 270; Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 276; Sace., Syl, viii. p. 371 (in part). The leading character of the present genus is the grega- rious ascophores being seated on a more or less spreading, colourless or coloured subiculum or thin, tomentose layer, formed of interwoven hyphae. In Plectania the ascophores are large, and the dense, strigose hyphae at the base do not form an extended layer on the matrix. There is a subiculum present in some species of Humaria, but here the ascophores are fleshy, and grow on the ground. Growing on wood, branches, and dead leaves. 298 FUNGUS-FLORA. * Spores septate. Tapesia fusca. Fckl., Symb. Myc. p. 302; Phil, Brit. Dise., p. 282; Sace., Syll, vill. n. 1541. Subiculum dense and spongy, dark brown, formed of inter- woven, branched, septate, rather thick-walled hyphae 5-6 uw thick, sometimes scanty or almost obsolete; ascophores gre- garious, at first globose and closed, then becoming plane with a persistently upraised, often wavy margin, about 1 mm. across; disc plane, whitish or with a more or less decided tinge of honey-colour, externally glabrous, grey or brownish ; excipulum parenchymatous, cortical cells irregularly poly- gonal, 7-10 p» across, brown, running out at the margin into obtuse, rounded tips; asci-cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline smooth, narrowly elliptic-fusi- form, usually very slightly curved, for a long time continuous, then sometimes becoming 1-septate, 10-15 x 2°5-3 ; para- physes rather stout, becoming gradually clavate upwards, hyaline. Peziza fusca, Pers., Obs., i. p. 29. Tapesia Johnstoni, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 282; Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 1570. Peziza Johnstoni, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 313. On wood and bark, also on fallen pine leaves, &c. Specimen named by Persoon examined ; also Berk., Brit. Fung., n. 286, and Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 77. Usually the blackish-brown subiculum is broadly effused, well developed, and presents a spongy appearance under a lens, at other times it is nearly absent. Type of T. Johnstoni also examined. Var. rosae. Mass. Externally brown, tomentose ; remainder as in the typical form. Peziza rosae, Pers., Obs. Myc., ii. p. 82. Tapesia rosae, Fekl., Symb. Myc., p. 301; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 279; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1542. On dry stems of various species of Rosa. The present form is scarcely to be considered as a good variety. In the typical form the external cells of the cortex and margin are rounded or papillose, resembling undeveloped TAPESIA, 299 hairs; in the present variety these hairs are developed to a greater or less extent. Var. prunicola. Mass. Ascophores larger than in the typical form, externally black downy. Tapesia prunicola, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 302. Tapesia rosae, var. prunicola, Phil., Brit, Dise. p. 27 On branches of Prunus spinosa. peta) Tapesia aurelia. Phil., Brit. Disc. p. 280, pl. 8, fig. 50. Ascophores scattered, sessile, seated on a thin, white, spreading subiculum, concave; externally and the margin pilose, hairs 4-5 » thick, length variable, generally con- tinuous, golden-yellow, the margin sometimes reddish; ex- cipulum formed of interwoven hyphae; asci narrowly cla- vate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores irregularly 1-seriate, or with a tendency to become 2-seriate, hyaline, narrowly elliptical, ends rather pointed, becoming 3-septate, 15-18 x £ »; paraphyses slender, hyaline, tips not thickened. Peziza aurelia, Pers., Myc. Eur., p. 270. Belonidium aurelia. De Not., Prof. Disc., p. 381; Sacc., Syl, viii. n. 2061. On decaying oak leaves, bark, mast, &c., lying on the ground. Spring. Specimens examined from Cke., Fung. Brit., n. 563, and Ely. Brit., n. 29. Tapesia aurata. Mass. Ascophores gregarious, sessile but narrowed below, closed at first, then expanded, margin erect, acute, disc yellowish or tawny, externally paler, and clothed with delicate, thin- walled, septate, cylindrical or slightly tapering, straight, colourless hairs, sometimes minutely rough near the tip, 60-85 x 4; very thin and delicate, about } mm. across; seated on a thin, whitish subiculum formed of thin, branched, interwoven hyphae often extending for several centimetres ; asci narrowly clavate, apex somewhat pointed and thick- walled, pedicel elongated, slender, 8-spored ; spores arranged. in a parallel fascicle in the ascus, hyaline, slender and elon- gated, apex slightly obtuse, base pointed, multiguttulate 300 FUNGUS-FLORA. then multiseptate, usually slightly bent, 65-67 x 2°5-3 ys; paraphyses very slender, hyaline, cylindrical, sometimes branched. Arachnopeziza aurata, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 304 (1870). Belonidium auratum, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 2068. Peziza rhabdosperma, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1621, with fig. (1876). Tapesia rhabdosperma, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 280. On dead wood. Berkeley’s type examined, also Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 170, and Fuckel, Fung. Rhen., n. 2480. All three are identical. ** Spores continuous, Tapesia eviobasis. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 278; Sacc., SylL, vili. n. 1582. Gregarious, sessile, closed at first, then plane or with the margin more or less raised, thin, #-1 mm. across, disc whitish or with a pale yellow tinge, especially when dry, outside white and downy, seated on a snow-white downy subiculum formed of branched, septate hyphae about 4 pw thick; asci clavate, 8-spored, apex slightly narrowed; spores 2-seriate, elliptic-oblong, hyaline, continuous, 5-6X1°5 »; paraphyses very slender, cylindrical. Peziza eriobasis, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 312. On the inside of bark. Differs from other species in the ascophores being wider apart than usualin the genus. Each ascophore is surrounded by its own snow-white, radiating mass of hyphae, and when the ascophores are near to each other the white mycelium forms a spreading subiculum. Disc sometimes bright yellow, especialiy when dry. Type specimen examined. Tapesia caesia, Fckl., Symb. Myc, p. 301; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 277; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1574. (figs. 39 (marked 40 at bottom of pl.), and 40, p. 156). Sessile, gregarious or crowded, closed when young, becom- ing plane or with the margin slightly raised, thin, about 4mm. across; disc subgelatinous, bluish-grey or brownish- grey, externally whitish and villosc, seated on a continuous, effused, greyish-white subiculum formed of branched, sep- PLECTANTA. 301 tate hyphae about 3 » thick; asci clavate, apex slightly natrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, elliptic-oblong, 5-6 x 1°5-2 mw; paraphyses slender, cylindrical, hyaline. Peziza caesia, Pers., Syn. Fung., p. 657. On oak chips, and wood. Distinct from other species by the gregarious, grey asco- phores being seated on a dense but thin, continuous, grey- ish-white subiculum, which often forms patches several centimetres in extent. ‘The subiculum assumes a yellowish tint on drying. Specimen in Cke., Fung. Brit., n. 562, examined. Tapesia sanguinea. Ickl, Symb. Myc, p. 303; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 281; Sacc., Syll., n. 1528. Ascophores gregarious, sessile, closed at first, then plane but having the margin permanently raised, about $ mm. across, entirely blackish-olive; cortex formed of parallel rows of slender cells which run out into slender parallel, olive hyphae at the margin; seated on a spreading, thin subiculum varying in colour from deep rose to blood-red, formed of branching, septate hyphae, 3-4 » thick; asci rather broadly clavate, apex obtuse, pedicel stout, short, S-spored ; spores hyaline, continuous, elliptic-oblong, 6-8 x 2°5-3 yw; paraphyses very slender, brownish at the slightly thickened tips. Peziza sanguinea, Pers., Tent. Disp., p. 34. On wood of fir, &c. Distinguished by the minute, blackish ascophores being seated on a broadly effused, deep red subiculum. Specimen in Karst., Fung. Fenn., n. 148, examined. PLECTANIA. Fuckel. (fig. 40, p. 290.) Ascophore shortly stipitate, cup-shaped, fleshy or slightly tough, externally brown and flocculose, base coarsely stri- gose or fibrous with black hyphae ; asci cylindrical, spores 8, continuous, hyaline, smooth; paraphyses present. Plectania, Fuckel, Symb. Myc., p. 324; Sace., SylL, viii. p. 163. 302 FUNGUS-FLORA. Lachnea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 216. The densely fibrous black hyphae at the base of the as- cophore is the most pronounced feature of the present genus. Tapesia differs in having the mycelium-subiculum effused over the matrix and not localised at the base of the ascophore. Plectania melastoma. Fckl., Symb. Myc. p. 324. (fig. 40, p. 290.) _Ascophore 2-3 cm. across, cup-shaped, disc black, exter- nally tomentose, brown becoming brick-red towards the margin; stem very short, rooting by no means of a dense mass of coarse black filaments; asci cylindrical, spores 8, uniseriate, elliptic-oblong, smooth, hyaline, 21-25 x 9 p; paraphyses very numerous, filiform, very slightly thickened upwards. Peziza melastoma, Sowerby, Brit. Fung., t. 149. Lachnea melastoma, Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 216, pl. vii. fig. 40. Peziza atrorufa, Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, t. 315. On rotten sticks, partly buried trunks, &c. The external tomentum varies from mere pubescence to bristly hairs in different specimens. Strigose root hairs composed of blackish, septate hyphae 4-6 yw thick. Very cartilaginous when dry. Sowerby’s specimen figured on pl. 149, Brit. Fung., examined. ; ERINELLA. Quel. (emended). Ascophore sessile or narrowed into a short stem-like base, closed at first, then more or less expanded; externally pilose, hairs everywhere alike in structure, thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, obtuse, minutely rough; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores hyaline, elongated and narrow, 3—-many- septate ; paraphyses lanceolate. Erinella, Quélet, Enchirid., p. 301; Sacc., Syl, viii., p- 507; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 910 (all in part). _ Peziza, of old authors. ; As defined above, the present genus differs from Echinella ERINELLA. 3038 in the absence of the differentiated bristle-like, marginal hairs, and lanceolate paraphyses, and from Dasyscypha in the 3—many-septate spores. Growing on herbaceous stems and wood. Erinella apala. Mass. Closely gregarious or rarely scattered, stipitate, at first piriform and closed, gradually expanding until almost plane, thin, about 2 mm. broad, dise pale, externally fawn-colour. pilose, as is also the very short stem, hairs cylindrical, obtuse, minutely rough, straight, pale amber below, apex whitish, 50-80 x 45 m; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly hexagonal, 7-8 x 4 », yellowish; asci subcylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, filiform, straight or slightly bent, 3-7-septate at maturity, 35-45 x 1-5 p, arranged in a paralcle fascicle in the ascus; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, longer than the asci, hyaline, +-5 » at the widest art. ; Peziza apala, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n 561 (1851). Lachnella apala, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 253. Dasyscypha juncicola, Fuckel, Symb. Myc., p. 305 (1869-70). Evinella juncicola, Rehm, Krypt.-Flor., Disc. p. 911, figs. 1-4, p. 807. Erinella hapala, Sace., Syll., vill. n. 2099. Erinella juncicola, Sace., Syll., vill. n. 2098, On dead stems of species of Juncus. Distinguished by the long, filiform spores, which are at first continuous, and finally multiseptate. Berkeley’s type of Peziza apala examined, also Syd., Myc., March., n. 665. Erinella Nylanderi. Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 910 Scattered or gregarious, sessile, at first closed, then becoming plane with the margin slightly upraised, 1-2 mm. across, disc greyish or reddish-grey, externally yellow with a tinge of green, villose, hairs crowded, straight, septate, cylindrical, rather pointed or blunt, thin-walled, often minutely rough, very pale greenish-yellow, 80-150 x 4-5 p; cortex parenchymatous; asci clavate, apex rather narrowed, S-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, becoming almost 304 FUNGUS-FLORA. fasciculate, hyaline, long and narrowly fusiform, straight or slightly curved, at first 2-4-guttulate, then 5-7-septate, 25-85 x 2°5-3 «; paraphyses narrowly lanceolate, apex not very acute, hyaline. Trichopeziza sulfurea, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1653. On dead nettle and other herbaceous stems. Recognised by the yellow exterior of the ascophore and the long, narrowly fusiform, multiseptate spores. Hitherto confounded in this country with Dasyscypha sulphurea. Specimen in Cke., Fung. Brit., n. 569. Examined. ECHINELLA. Mass. (n. gen.) Ascophore sessile, at first closed then expanding, disc eoncave, the margin and for some distance down the outside clothed with brown hyphae; excipulum formed of slender, interwoven hyphae; asci clavate, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, narrowly fusiform, ends acute, slightly curved, distinctly 3-many-septate at maturity; paraphyses cylindrical or slightly clavate. Readily distinguished by the setulose margin of the ascophore, and the hyaline, septate spores. Allied to the genus Pirotiaea, but differing in the dis- tinctly septate spores. Growing on plants. . Hrinella differs in the entire external surface and margin being covered with soft, cylindrical, ebtuse hairs, and in the lanceolate paraphyses. Bchinella vectis. Mass. Scattered or gregarious, superficial, minute, rarely exceed- ing 3} mm. across, subglobose and closed, then becoming hemi- spherical ; disc pallid or pale grey, externally blackish-brown and furnished, especially at the margin, with dark brown, rigid hyphae 35-50 x 5-6 m; excipulum formed of slender, interwoven hyphae; asci clavate, apex somewhat truncate, pedicel very short, slender, often oblique, 8-spored; spores hyaline, irregularly 2-seriate, narrowly fusiform, ends acute, distinctly 3-septate at maturity, curved, 24-26 x 2+5-3 p; paraphyses slender, very slightly thickened upwards. Peziza vectis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 957 (1861). ECHINELLA. 305 Pirotiaea vectis, Sace., SylL, viii. n. 1605; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 284, pl. vill, fig. 52. On dead stems of Centaurea nigra. Type specimen examined. For some unexplained reason, Phillips placed this species in Saccardo’s genus Pirottaca, which is vharacterised by having continuous spores. Phillips translates Saccardo’s generic character, and says “sporidia continuous,” then in the specific diagnosis of his only species, says ‘“sporidia 1 to 3-septate.” In the Sylloge—vili. n. 1605—Saccardo has retained the present species in his genus Pirottaea, thus following Phillips, whose description he has copied; but has at the same time endeavoured to reconcile the anomaly of including a species with septate spores in a genus characterised by having continuous spores, as follows, “ sporidiis (spurie), 1—3-septatis.” Echinella setulosa. Mass. & Crossl. Ascophores scattered or gregarious, sessile, at first quite closed and spherical, gradually expanding until almost quite plane with the extreme margin slightly incurved, often irregular and the margin wavy, up to 1 mm. across, disc grey, sometimes tinged pink, externally blackish-olive, margin whitish, setulose; excipulum composed of hyaline very much interwoven hyphae about 4 p» thick; cortex distinctly parenchymatous, towards the base the cells are irregularly polygonal, and sooty-olive, 8-10 diameter, becoming smaller and with a tendency to be arranged in arallel lines upwards, and running out at the margin into thin-walled, slightly clavate, usually continuous, pale hairs, a few such hairs are scattered over the entire external surface; asci narrowly clavate, apex pointed, pedicel stout, often crooked, 8-spored ; spores arranged in a parallel fascicle, hyaline, elongated, narrowly cylindric-fusoid, usually bent, 5-septate at maturity, 388-45 x 2:5-3 1: paraphyses rather stout, hyaline, cylindrical, about 3 » thick. On old decorticated stems of Calluna vulgaris. Type specimen examined. Superficially resembling Mollisia cinerea, but on careful examination with a good pocket-lens the ascophore, more especially at the margin, is seen to be minutely pilose. VOL. TY. x 306 FUNGUS-FLORA. Echinella senecionis. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, suberumpent, closed at first, then becoming almost plane, entirely black, closed when dry, up to 4 mm. across, externally, and the margin clothed with rigid, blackish-brown, smooth, almost opaque spines, these are longest and most numerous at the margin, where they are 1-2-septate, rather abruptly acuminate, 40-50 x 6-7 yp; cortex parenchymatous, cells brownish, 6-8 » diameter ; asci eylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, base stout, 8- spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, narrowly cylindrical, sometimes with a tendency to become clavate, usually 2-guttulate, for a long time continuous, finally septate, 8-14 x 2 mw; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened upwards. : Pirottaea veneta, Sacc. & Speg., Mich., i. p. 24; Syll., viii. n. 1595; Bucknall, Bristol, Nat. Soc. Proc., vol. vi. Part 2, 1889-90, p. 6, pl. di. fig. 9. Pirotiaea gallica, Sacc., Mich., ii. p. 82; Syll., vili. n. 1596. On dead herbaceous stems. Peziza senecionis, Cke. & Phil., Grev. V. G., p. 104. Distinguished among allies by the short spores. In the original description the spores are said to be continuous, but in a specimen in Kew herbarium, communicated by Spegaz- zini, I find some of the spores 1-septate, and the same is the case in the specimens contained in Speg., Dec. Myc. Ital. n. 19, also in the type of Cke. & Phil. Echinella Crosslandi. Mass. Gregarions or sometimes almost crowded, sessile, base narrowed, closed at first then expanded, but the margin remaining more or less erect, about 1 mm. across; disc pallid, externally pale brown, becoming buff or pale drab when dry, densely villose, hairs thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, minutely rough 70-125 x 4-5 y, straight, sparingly or not at all septate, yellow-brown, tips paler; cortex paren- chymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-6 » diameter; asci cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, smooth, hyaline, elliptical, multiguttu- late then 3-septate, 12-15 x 444; paraphyses slender, byaline, cylindrical. On decorticated wood. DIPLOCARPA. 307 Superficially resembing Dasyscypha corticalis, but dis- tinguished by the 3-septate spores. Found by Mr. C. Crossland, uear Halifax. Echinella Stockii. Mass. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, at first closed and almost globose then becoming plane or the disc slightly concave and dark buff when moist, externally reddish-brown (in old specimens); sparingly covered with thin-walled, septate, pale, cylindrical, obtuse hairs, longest at the margin, and there measuring 50-70 x 6 »; excipulum truly parenchy- matous, cells small, cortical cells about 10 » diameter, brown ; about # mm. across, asci narrowly subcylindrical, 8-spored ; spores 2-seriate, very narrowly fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, smooth, 3-septate, 21-25 x 2-25; paraphyses about 2 » thick, almost cylindrical. Peziza Stockii, Cke. & Phil., in Herb. Kew. Lachnella Stockii, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 261 Belonidium Stockii, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 2048. On dead herbaceous stems. ‘Type specimen examined. DIPLOCARPA. Mass. Ascophores minute, narrowed into a short stem-like base, closed at first, then becoming nearly plane, substance firm, externally and the margin densely pilose, hairs thin-walled, cylindrical, septate ; hypothecium and excipulum parenchy- matous, the cells becoming ‘gradually larger towards the cortex; asci clavate, 8-spored; spores 2seriate, hyaline finally 3-septate, paraphyses slender, bearing hyaline, septate fusiform conidia at their tips. Lachnella, Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 232. Peziza, Currey. Distinguished by the septate spores, and the large, septate, fusiform conidia borne at the tips of the paraphyses. Growing on the ground. Diplocarpa Curreyana. Mass. Ascophore shortly stipitate, globose-depressed and closed at first, then expanding, the margin persistently raised, x 2 308 FUNGUS-FLORA. 2x 8mm. broad; externally and the margin clothed with thin-walled, septate, obtuse, straight or slightly wavy, reddish-brown hairs, 100-200 x 5-7 ; disc dingy olive, externally purple-brown, hypothecium and excipulum paren- chymatous, cortical cells irregularly hexagonal, 8-12 p across; asci clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, smooth, hyaline, elliptical, ends rather pointed, for a long time continuous and 2-guttulate, then becoming 3-septate 10-12 x 3; paraphyses slender, hyaline, as long as the asci, bearing at the tip a hyaline, fusiform, smooth, 3—-5-septate conidium 30-50 x 5-6 p. Peziza diplocarpa, Currey, Linn. Trans., xxiv. p. 153, t. 25, figs. 30, 32-33. Lachnella diplocarpa, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 232; Sace., Syll., viii. n, 1640. On the ground, When the conidia are mature they fall away; many were found germinating in the specimen examined. Some of the spores had a brownish tinge, but whether this is normal or due to age or poisoning for preservation, cannot be determined until fresh specimens are examined. Type specimen, in Herb. Kew, examined. LACHNEA, Fries. (figs. 5-9, and 20, 21, p. 290.) Ascophore sessile, margin at first incurved and depresso- globose, finally becoming quite plane, rather fleshy; disc bright coloured, whitish, or grey ; externally hairy, hairs best developed at the margin, where they are straight, thick- walled, septate, pointed, coloured, and spreading like a fringe when the plant is expanded; cortex parenchymatous ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline continuous, elliptical, smooth or ornamented with warts or reticulatious ; paraphyses septate, clavate. Lachnea, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 77; Phil., Brit. Disc., p: 201; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 166 (all in part). Growing on the ground, rarely on wood. Distinguished among genera having rigid, pointed, septate marginal hairs, by the continuous spores and clavate paraphyses. LACHNEA. 309 * Disc blood-red, carmine, or orange-red. T Spores smooth. Lachnea carneo-sanguinea. Phil. Brit Disc., yp. 222; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 713. Scattered or gregarious, fleshy, sessile, soon almost plane with an erect margin, 3-5 mm. across; excipulum paren- chymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 10-15 » across; disc almost blood-red; externally pale brown, and rather densely clothed with rigid, pointed, thick-walled, septate, smooth, brown hairs which form an erect fringe round the margin, 50-120 x 9-12 yw; asci cylindrical, obliquely stipitate, 8-spored ; spores, obliquely uniseriate, elliptical, ends obtuse, continuous, hyaline, smooth, 1-3 guttulate, 17-20 x9x10 p; paraphyses filiform, septate, apex clavate, and 4-5 » thick. Humaria carneo-sanguinea, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 323. Peziza carneo-sanguinea, Cke., Mycogr., p. 75, fig. 136. On the ground. Specimen in Fuckel’s Fung. Rhen., n. 2288, examined. Lachnea hirto-coccinea. Phil. & Plow., Brit. Disc., ), 212. : Sessile, scattered or crowded, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, dull scarlet; clothed with scattered, pale brown, obtuse, septate hairs, longest on the incurved margin; disc same colour; asci cylindrical; spores 8, broadly elliptic, 1 to 2 guttulate, smooth, 22 x 11 »; paraphyses rather slender, apices clavate, filled with scarlet granules. Peziza hirto-coccinea, Phil. & Plow., Grev., viii. p. 100. On the ground in pine woods, in damp, mossy places. Cups 2 to 4 lines broad. The hairs below the margin are shorter than those on the margin and are often clavate, with or without septa. There is in some instances a conspicuous white mycelium below the cups. Unknown tome. The whole of the above is from Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 212. Iam not quite certain from the descrip- tion, whether the present species should be included in Lachnea or Sepultaria, Lachnea umbrata. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 222; Sacc., Syl., viii. n. 701. 310 FUNGUS-FLORA. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, margin at first incurved and closed, then concave or nearly plane, rather fleshy, 4—? cm. across; disc vermilion or pinkish-red, paler and with an ochraceous tinge when dry, sometimes slightly umbilicate and the margin drooping when old; externally, and the margin clothed with slightly thick-walled, usually more or -less wavy, septate or very slightly tapering, obtuse hairs, pale brown below, becoming almost colourless as a rule at the tip, 150-200 x 6-8 »; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregu- ‘larly polygonal, 9-14 across; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored; spores 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, smooth, narrowly elliptical, 16-18 x 8-9 4; paraphyses septate, the broadly clavate tips containing red granules. -Peziza wmbrata, Fries, Summa Veg. Scand., p. 351; Cooke, Monogr., f. 137. On the ground. Distinguished among the red species by the narrowly ellipsoid, smooth spores; and the slender, obtuse, usually more ‘e less wavy and comparatively thin-walled, pale marginal airs. Lachnea coprinaria. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 244; Sacc., SyllL, viii. n. 721. : Ascophores scattered or sometimes gregarious, hemi- spherical and closed, becoming almost or quite plane; disc varying from orange-red to scarlet, $~-1 cm. across; margin more or less erect, fringed with thick-walled, tapering, straight, septate, brown hairs 300-500 x 9-12 p; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, very large ; asci_ cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, smooth, elliptical, ends obtuse, 17-19 x 8-9; paraphyses septate, tips clavate, filled with orange granules. Peziza coprinaria, Cooke, Grev., iv. p. 91; Mycogr., f. 149. On cowdung. Autumn. Cups 5 lines broad; external cells of cup very large; marginal hairs ‘long, simple, septate, } mm. long, mixed with others that are shorter, usually confined to the margin, not branched or stellate. Cups remain flattened in drying. (Cooke.) a LACHNEA. 311 Very closely allied to L. stercorea ; differing mainly in the absence of external stellate hairs. Type specimen examined. Lachnea stercorea. Gill., Disc. Fr. p. 76; Phil, Brit. Disc., p. 223; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 744. Gregarious or scattered, sessile, fleshy, subglobose and closed when young, gradually expanding until plane; disc dingy red, sometimes with an orange tinge, externally paler and pilose, 2- mm. across; marginal hairs thick-walled, tapering to a point, base often more or less bulbous and branched where it springs from the cortical cells, smooth, brown, 300-500 x 9-12 »; hairs below the margin stellate, rays 2-6, coloured, septate, attached by a short pedicel-cell to the cortical cells; cortex parenchymatous, cells large; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, pedicel narrowed, often crooked at the base, 8-spored ; spores 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 17-20 x 8-9 pu; paraphyses septate, clavate, filled with red granules, often nodulose or irregular. Peziza stercorea, Pers., Obs., ii. p. 89; Mycogr., fig. 147. On dung of various animals, often growing along with various species of Ascobolus and allied genera. Lachne coprinaria differs in the absence of stellate hairs on the exterior of the ascophore. L. crucipila is very closely allied to the present species, differing mainly in the brighter red or crimson disc, and the shorter marginal hairs, and in not growing on dung. Lachnea crucipila. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 229. Ascophore 2-3 mm. across, sessile, scattered, rather fleshy ; excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 20-30 » diameter; externally orange, pilose, hairs pale brown, thick-walled, septate, simple, bifurcate, triradiate, or cruciate on a short basal cell, 100-200 x 7-10 p, tapering to a point; disc at maturity concave or almost plane, bright scarlet; asci cylindrical; spores 8, obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-oblong, smooth, continuous, hyaline, 18-21 x 8-10 »; paraphyses filiform, becoming clavate upwards, apex 4-5 y» thick, con- taining red granules. Neottiella crucipila, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 781. Peziza crucipila, Cke. & Phillips, Mycogr., fig. 237. 312 FUNGUS-FLORA. On the ground in damp and shady places, in woods, &. Type specimen examined. Very close to L. stercorea; for details of differences see note under last-named species. Lachnea setosa. Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 406; Sacc., SylL., viii. n. 739; Mycogr., f. 133. Gregarious, sessile; rather flesh, margin incurved and closed when young, then becoming saucer-shaped, 3-6 mm. across; becoming closed up when dry, and the marginal hairs collected into an erect brush-like tuft; disc orange or orange-red ; pilose externally, marginal hairs very long and stout, strait, tapering to a point, wall very thick, transverse septa delicate, disappearing, often branched at the base, deep bright brown, 300-550 x 15-26 »; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly hexagonal, 15-20 » diameter; asci cylin- drical, apex obtuse and slightly truncate, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, sometimes guttulate, 16-20 x 8-10 »; para- physes septate, slightly clavate, and containing red granules. Peziza setosa, Nees, Syst., p. 260, f. 275. On rotten wood, trunks, &c. Somewhat resembling L. scuéellata, but distinguished by the persistently smooth spores, and the very long, stout, marginal hairs, which are collected into a dense erect cluster when the ascophore is dry and contracted. Specimens in Phil., Elv., n. 161, and Thum., Fung. Austr., n. 1013, examined. Lachnea hybrida. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 214. : Gregarious, sessile, globose then more or less expanded, fleshy up to 2cm. across; excipulum parenchymatous, cells large, irregularly polygonal, externally dingy ochraceous and clad, especially towards the margin with small clusters of stout, tapering, thick-walled, brown, septate hairs; disc concave, dingy orange; asci cylindrical, rounded at the apex, 8-spored ; spores obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, continuous, often guttu- late, smooth, 21-25 x 124; paraphyses straight, septate, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza hybrida, Sowerby, Eng. Fung,, t. 369, fig. 1; Cooke, Hdbk., n. 2020; Cooke, Mycogr., 126 B. On the ground. LACHNEA, 313 I have examined the type specimen fiyured by Sowerby, now in the Kew Herbarium, and the above description is drawn up entirely from the result of this examination. It will be noticed that the present species has many important featnres in common with L. hemispherica, as stated by Sowerby, but differs in the orange-coloured disc and smooth spores. Phillips also examined the same specimens, but un- fortunately his work—probably considering such specimens as too important and valuable to mutilate—was superficial. The following is Sowerby’s own account of his species. “ This Peziza resembles P. hispida [= Lachnea hemispherica |, and is hairy on the outside, but whiter; the inside partakes of the redness of P. scutellata.” Var. lapidaria. Dise orange-red ; spores elliptical, smooth, 16 x 8 p»; in all other respects agreeing with the typical form. Peziza lapidaria, Cooke, Grev., vol. xii. p. 43. Lachnea lapidaria, Cke., in Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 211. Growing between paving stones in an area. Dr. Cooke has the following note on this variety in “ Grevillea,” vol. xii, p. 43; ‘Recently Mr. Cedric Bucknall has submitted to us specimens of a Peziza which, in our " opinion, approximates most closely to the species of Sowerby (P. hybrida) of anything we had previously seen. The figures given by Sowerby represent the species very well, except that the disc is hardly so bright. All circumstances considered, we feel satisfied that it is most probable this is really the missing species.” The very imperfect description given by Phillips of Sowerby’s specimen presumably led Dr. Cooke to the con- clusion that his specimen was not identical with Sowerby’s, and he therefore raised his fungus to the rank of a species, calling it P. lapidaria. e Lachnea rubra. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 225. Gregarious or sometimes crowded, sessile, 4} cm. across, subglobose and closed when young, then becoming almost plane, fleshy; disc orange-red, externally paler, and sparingly sprinkled with stout, clear brown, thick-walled, 2-4 septate, smooth, pointed hairs, which are often more or less bent, 125-225 x 10-14 »; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregular, 314 FUNGUS-FLORA.- 15-20 x 10-12 1; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, 16-18 x 8-9 4»; paraphyses septate, apices broadly clavate or piriform, up to 10 » broad. Peziza rubra, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 152, p. 83. On spent hops, heaps of rotten leaves, &c. Type specimen examined. Lachnea ascoboloidos. Mass. Ascophore up to 4 cm. across, almost globose at first, then expanded and concave, fleshy; disc pale orange-yellow, minutely granular or papillose, margin furnished scantily with erect, rather rigid, septate, hairs, slightly swollen at the base and tapering to an acute point, colourless, 60-70 x 6-7 p; externally pale orange, minutely downy, owing to the pre- sence of colourless septate hyphae springing from the large cells of the excipulum; asci ‘cylindrical, base narrowed ; spores 8, obliquely uniseriate, smooth, hyaline, eguttulate, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, 16-18 x 8-9 mu; parapbyses straight, 2 » thick at base and gradually but slightly becom- ing clavate, 3-4 » thick at the apex, sparingly or sometimes not at all septate, colourless. Peziza ascoboloides, Bert., in’ Fl. Chil., vii. p. 402; Phil., Brit., Disc., p. 96; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 352. Peziza eclecta, B. & Cke., Grev., 1876, p. 60. Neottiella ascoboloides, Sace., Syll., vii. n. 788. On the ground and on dung, Paraphyses in some instances irregularly clavate and inclined to branch near the apex. The marginal hairs are bristle-like, pointed, persistent, and quite distinct from the soft, septate, cylindrical hyphae that clothe the outside of the ascophore. I have examined an authentic specimen collected by Bertero in Chili, and sent by Montagne to Berkeley, tt Spores rough at maturity. Lachnea hirta. Gillet, Champ. Fr., Disc., p. 75 ; Phil» Brit. Dise., p. 220: Sace., Syll., viii. n. 705. Ascophores usually scattered, sessile, at first closed and almost globose, then expanding but the margin remaining LACHNEA, 815 more or less incurved or erect, rather fleshy; disc deep carmine or scarlet, externally paler and clothed with thick- walled, smooth, septate, pointed, deep brown hairs, the marginal ones 250-350 x 9-12 », sometimes inflated more or less below and the base often branching where it springs from the cortical cell; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregu- larly polygonal or subquadrate, 12-20 » diameter; asci cylindrical, tip somewhat truncate, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, often 1-2-guttulate, at ‘first smooth, becoming rather coarsely warted at maturity, 18-22 x 8-10; paraphyses septate, tips rather broadly clavate and filled with red granules. Peziza hirta, Schum., Saell., p. 422; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 128. On the ground among moss, &c. Rarely on rotten wood, decaying Polyporei, &c. Superficially resembling L. scutellata, but separated by the somewhat coarsely warted spores, and the persistently incurved margin of the ascophore. : Specimens examined in Phil. Elv. Brit., n. 19, and Rehm, Ascom., n. 505. Lachnea scutellata. Gillet, Disc. France, p. 75; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 222; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 698. (figs. 20, 21, p. 290.) Ascophores usually gregarious, sessile, closed and sub- globose at first, then expanded and plane, fixed by a central point, 3-8 mm. across; disc deep carmine or almost vermilion, externally pale red, furnished near the margin with large, brown, thick-walled, septate, pointed hairs, 300-600 x 15 x 20 »; excipulum parenchymatous, the cells largest at the periphery; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, elliptical, ends obtuse, continuous, for a long time smooth, then minutely verruculose, 20-25 x 11-14; paraphyses septate, apex clavate and filled when growing with orange granules. Peziza scutellata, Linn., Suec., n. 458; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 131. On rotten wood stumps, &c. Specimen in Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 64, examined. The very long marginal hairs and the bright red disc dis- 316 FUNGUS-FLORA. tinguish ‘the present species. The spores are described by Phillips as smooth and granular within, and this is the con- ‘dition in which they are generally found; but in the per- fectly mature condition they are certainly verruculose; this stage is clearly seen in Karstens’ specimens in Fung. Fenn., n. 144, Lachnea umbrorum. Gillet, Champ. France, Disc., p. 209; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 702; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 219. Usually scattered, sessile, hemispherical and closed at first, then becoming nearly plane, somewhat fleshy, 2-4 mm. across ; disc vermilion with a tinge of pink or flesh-colour, externally and the margin clothed with short, brown, rigid hairs, the marginal ones thick-walled, more or less ventricose, acute, 1-2-septate, 60-90 x 8-9 »; cortex parenchymatous, cells large; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends very obtuse, for a long time smooth, finally minutely warted, 18-21 x 14-15 4; paraphyses septate, the broadly clavated tips filled with red granules. Peziza wmbrorum, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 138. Peziza umbrosa, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 85 (in part). On damp ground in shady places. Distinguished by the short marginal hairs and the broadly elliptical spores. — **® Disc yellow. Lachnea vitellina. Gillet, Champ. Fr., Disc., p. 74; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 220; Sacc., Syl., villi. n. 726. Gregarious or somewhat caespitose, hemispherical and closed when young, then expanded and often wavy, bright yellow; the margin fringed with thick-walled, straight, septate, pointed, brown hairs, 150-300 x 7-10 y; cortex parenchymatous; 4-8 mm. across; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, continuous, hyaline, ornamented with delicate raised anastomosing ribs, enclosing very minute polygonal pits, 18-21 x 12-14 yp; paraphyses septate, tips thickened and containing yellow granules, Peziza vitellina, Pers., Myc. Eur., p. 257 ; Mycogr., fig. 143. LACHNEA. 313 On the ground. Distinguished by the bright yellow colour, and the rough spores. The epispore is described as asperate by Cooke and Phillips, but when carefully examined it is seen to consist of very minute, depressed areas or polygonal pits, or in other words there is a raised reticulation spread over the surface, and enclosing irregularly polygonal areas, Specimen determined by Dr. Mougeot, and now in Herb. Berk., accepted as typical. This is the specimen figured by Cooke in Mycographia, fig. 143. Lachnea theleboloides. Gillet, Champ. Fr., Disc., p. 74; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 225; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 728. Ascophores gregarious or crowded, sessile, 4—3 cm. across, at first subglobose and closed, then hemispherical, finally expanding until almost plane, often wavy, rather fleshy ; disc yellow, externally whitish, sparingly clothed with pale: yellow or amber, slightly thick-walled, 2-4-septate, smooth, pointed hairs, measuring 70-120 x 6-8 p at the margin, where they are largest; cortex parenchymatous, cells irre- gularly polygonal, large, 15-24 x 10-12 mw; asci narrowly cylindrical, apex obtuse, pedicel somewhat elongated and narrowed downwards, 8-spored; spores 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, smooth, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, 12-15 x 6-7 «; paraphyses hyaline, septate, slightly clavate at the tips. oe theleboloides, Alb. & Schw., Coasp. Fung., 'p. 822. t. 12. fig. 4. On spent hops and other decaying vegetable matter. Cups 24 lines broad; at first obovate or subcylindrical, concave, and expanded, when mature of a bright orange- colour within; beset externally with delicate, erect, white hairs, which are hyaline under the microscope; seated at: first on a delicate white subiculum, which disappears as the plant advances to maturity, and the cups become crowded. (Berk. & Broome.) Specimens examined in Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 20; and Cke., Fung. Brit., n. 571. Lachnea dalmeniensis. Phil. Brit. Disc, p. 227; Sacc., Syl, vili. n..730. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, subglobose and closed, then 318 FUNGUS-FLORA. expanding, sometimes wavy, margin more or less erect, rather fleshy, $-1 cm.:across; disc bright yellow; externally paler, pilose, hairs longest at the margin, where they are straight, tapering to a point, septate, slightly thick-walled, smooth, very pale yellow-brown, or sometimes almost colour- less, 250-350 x 6-8 »; cortical cells irregularly polygonal, large; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored; spores ob- liquely 1-seriate, continuous, hyaline, smooth, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, 12-15 x 7-8 m; paraphyses septate, hyaline, tips clavate. Peziza dalmeniensis, Cke., Grev., iii. p. 66, t. 34, fig. 121; Mycogr., fig. 153. : On the ground, often among nettles. Type specimen examined. Distinguished by the bright yellow disc, and the long, pale, marginal hairs. *** Disc white, pallid, or grey. { Growing on the ground. Lachnea hemispherica. Gillet, Champ. France, Disc., p. 73, with pl.; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 211; Sacc., Syll,, Vili. n. 668. (figs. 5-9, p. 290). : Ascophore sessile, globose then hemispherical, at length almost or quite plane, the margin then slightly raised or sometimes turned back, often wavy; rather fleshy, brittle, excipulum parenchymatous, cells polygonal, large; exter- nally dingy brown, furnished upwards with spreading, rigid, long, thick-walled, septate, brown hairs, attentiated to a point, 8-10 ys thick at the base, and sometimes more or less inclined to be bulbous, length very variable, arranged in small clusters; disc bluish-white; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, attenuated at the base, 8-spored ; spores obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, continuous, often 2-guttulate, for a long time quite smooth, then very minutely asperate, 17-25 x 12-13 »; paraphyses straight, septate, apex thickened and about 4 pw wide. Z Peziza hemispherica, Wigg., in Hoffm., Crypt., ii. t. 7, g. 6. LACHNEA. 319 On the ground in shady places. Specimen in Phillips, Ely. Brit.,n. 159 examined. ~ Scattered or gregarious, ‘superficial or more or less im- mersed in the soil. The rigid brown hairs arranged in clusters, pale grey disc, and spores very minutely warted at maturity, distinguish the present species from L. hybrida, its nearest ally. Lachnea albo-spadicea. Phil. Brit. Disc. p. 228; sace., SylL, viii. n. 748. Gregarious, sessile, globose: at first, then expanding until it becomes plane, rather fleshy, 3-5 mm. across; disc white or with a tinge of pearly grey, externally brown, and clothed, especially at the margin, with pointed, thick-walled, septate hairs which are of a reddish-brown colour and often swollen near the base and contracted still lower down, 80-120 x 8-10 »; excipulum truly parenchymatous, cells polygonal, 8-12 m diameter; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, shortly stipitate, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, often 1-guttulate, 20-21 x 9-10; paraphyses septate, becoming gradually cla- vate upwards, +-5 uw thick at the apex. Peziza albo-spadicea, Grev., Flor. Edin., p. 420; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 141 (marginal hairs not characteristic). On the ground in woods. Specimen from Greville examined. Lachnea sublivida. Sacc. & Speg., Mich., i. p. 443; Sace., Syl, vill. n. 753. Gregarious or scattered, sessile, at first closed then ex- panding and becoming quite plane and adpressed, sometimes wavy, substance rather thin, 5-10 mm. diameter; disc grey- ish-white, pallid or with an ochraceous tinge when old, externally densely pilose, marginal hairs slightly thick- walled, septate, tapering and acute, straight, pale ochraceous, often inflated at the base, 150-300 x 8-10 yw, short, obtuse or subclavate hairs are intermixed ; below the margin the hairs pass into hyaline, septate, branched hyphae that fix the fungus to the substratum; cortical cells mostly hexagonal slightly elongated in the direction from base to margin, 10-14 » long; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores 1-seriate, 320 FUNGUS-FLORA. smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, 17-22 x 10-12 np; paraphyses septate, clavate. n damp soil. ‘he British specimens were communicated by Mr. C. Crossland of Halifax, and were found growing on a very thin layer of black dust that had settled on some pig- iron in a foundry at Hebden Bridge, Yorks. Distinguished among the whitish species by the large size of the ascophore, and the rather thin-walled, pale ochraceous, marginal hairs. Lachnea Woolhopeia. Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 215; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 752; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 404. Scattered, sessile, closed at first, then becoming nearly plane, rather fleshy, 1-3 mm. across, disc pale grey, exter- nally pilose, hairs in clusters, marginal ones largest, brown at the base and becoming paler or almost colourless upwards, wall rather thin, ventricose and rather closely septate near the base, then running out into long, slender points; 150-200 X 9-12 «; cortex parenchymatous; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, usually l1-guttulate, 17-21 x 9-12 4; paraphyses slender, septate, slightly clavate. Pexziza Woolhopeia, Cke. & Phil., Grev., vi. p. 75. On burnt ground, charcoal beds, &c. Intermediate between L. cretea and L. erinacea, the mar- ginal hairs being much stouter and darker in colour than the first named, whereas they are much smaller and paler than in the latter. The ascophore also is smaller in the present species than in either of those with which it is compared. Type specimen examined. Lachnea gregaria. Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 214; Sacc., SyllL, viii. n. 685. Gregarious, sessile, at first globose and closed, then hemi- spherical and the margin incurved, finally expanded, often irregular or wavy; disc brown then greyish, externally brown, and densely covered with rigid, tapering, septate, slightly thick-walled, straight, brown hairs, which are longest, and in dense clusters at the margin, 100-400 x 7-8 », these spinulose hairs gradually pass into. brown sep- LACHNEA. 321 tate, branched hyphae towards the base of the ascophore; 1-3 mm. broad, closed when dry; hypothecium and excipu- lum brownish, composed of rather stout, branched and sep- tate, compactly interlaced hyphae, these pass at the cortex into a brown, large-celled parenchyma; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, pedicel elongated, stout, 8-spored ; spores hya- line, smooth, continuous, obliquely 1-seriate in the upper part of the ascus, elliptical, usually 1-guttulate, 19-25 x 8-10 «; paraphyses slender, septate, apex slightly clavate. Peziza gregaria, Rehm, Ascom., n. 6, but first described by Winter in Hedw., 1872, p. 508. On the ground. Phillips says the spores are ‘‘ externally minutely rough.” This I have not observed, nevertheless it may be so. Cooke has figured the spores with a granular epispore in Fung. Brit. Exs., ed. ii., n. 368, but I find the epispore to be quite smooth in his specimens ; the contents, huwever, are coarsely granular. Some of the spores are represented as having 4 granular epispore in Cooke’s figure of this species in Myco- graphia, fig. 123. Specimens examined in Rehm’s Ascomy., n. 6; Cke., Fung. Brit. Elv., ii. n. 368; and Phillips, Elv. Brit., n. 111. Lachnea cretea. Phil., Brit. Disc. p. 229; Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 749. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, hemispherical and closed at first, finally quite plane, 1:5-4+ mm. across; disc white, externally and the margin setulose, hairs spreading, straight, tapering to a point, septate, wall slightly thickened, pale brown, 100-180 x 5-7 p; cortex parenchymatous; asci narrowly cylindrical, apex blunt, 8-spored ; spores obliquely l-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, usually 2-guttulate, elliptical, 12-15 x 7-8 » ; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza cretea, Cooke, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., 1877; p. 46, t. iil, K-N; Mycogr., fig. 362. On plaster walls and ceilings. Type specimen examined. Dise white, surrounded by a pale yellowish brown fringed margin; the hairs are paler in colour and more slender than in most species, the spores are also comparatively small. VOL. IV. ¥. 322 FUNGUS-FLORA. tt Growing on wood and branches. Lachnea erinacea. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 741. Gregarious, sessile, closed at first but soon becoming plane, rather fleshy, 3-6 mm. across; disc whitish, externally pilose, hairs bright brown, the marginal ones very long and stout, thick-walled, tapering to an acute point, septate, 800-500 x 14-18 »; often branched at the base; cortex parenchymatous, cells large; asci cylindrical, apex slightly truncate, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, broad] elliptical, ends obtuse, hyaline, smooth, usually 1-guttulate, contents often coarsely granular, 17-20 x 10 w; paraphyses rather slender, septate, clavate. Peziza erinacea, Schweinitz, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 140. On rotten wood. Distinguished among the white species by the densely crowded, very long, stout marginal hairs. Specimen from Schweinitz, now in Kew Herbarium, examined. Lachnea livida. Phil. Brit. Disc, p. 221 (spores incorrectly described as “ asperate”); Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 759. Gregarious, sessile, base narrowed, at first closed and subglobose, then becoming nearly plane, up to 4 em. across; disc grey or dull lead-colour, externally, and the margin everywhere densely covered with stout, very thick- walled, septate brown hairs, slightly largest at the margin, and then 200-250 x 20-25 yp, the tip in some cases is gradually narrowed to a point, in others quite obtuse; excipulum composed of radially parallel, septate’ hyaline hyphae, these become wider and pseudoparenchymatous at the cortex ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, smooth, contents often granular, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, 18-20 x 10-11; paraphyses septate, clavate. Peziza livida, Schum., Saell., ii. p. 422; Flor. Dan., t. 1915, fig. 3 (excellent); Cooke, Mycogr., p. 77, fig. 139 (spores icnorrectly described and figured, asperate); Grevillea, vol. iii., fig. 222 (spores correctly represented as smooth, and contents granular). On chips of wood. Spring. Specimens determined by Berkeley accepted as typical, LACHNEA. 323 and sent to him by Sir W. Jardine from Dumfriesshire. These same specimens were figured and described by Cooke, first in Grevillea, ili., fig. 222, where the spores are drawn with the epispore smooth, contents granular. Later on the same specimens are described in Mycographia as having the spores ‘“asperules” and the drawing shows this. Phillips says the spores are “minutely asperate,” but he had never seen a specimen, and copied Cooke’s description in Mycogr. ce rough), quoting at the same time the figure in revillea (sporessmooth). I find by repeated examinations of Berkeley’s specimens that the spores are permanently smooth. Gillet’s fungus, called Lachnea livida, Schum., Champ. France, p. 73, must be different to Berkeley’s, as the spores are said to be “ hérissés d’aspérités”; or is the description copied from Mycographia, and not from nature ? Lachnea bulbo-crinita. Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 227. Ascophores scattered, sessile, hemispherical, then expanded, fleshy ; externally dusky brown, clothed with long. straight, brown, septate hairs, bulbous at the base; disc pallid or cinereous; asci cylindrical; spores 8, elliptic, smooth, 20 xX 13 »; paraphyses filiform. Peziza bulbo-crinita, Phil., Scot. Nat., vi. 123. On dead branches. Autumn. Ascophores 14 lines broad, at first closed, then concave ; margin ciliated with long erect hairs (4 a line), intermixed with shorter (300 ,), all having a bulbous basal cell. The dise is slate-colour. Allied to Peziza erinacea, Shwz., but hairs much longer, with a bulbous base, a darker disc, and paraphyses not enlarged at the summits. Unknown to me. The above is copied from Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 227. The stout marginal hairs are more or less bulbous at the base in several species other than the present. Excluded species. Lachnea coerulea, Phil., Brit. Disc. p. 230. (= Peziza coerulea, Bolton, t. 188, f. 2.) Lachnea erecta, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 226. (= Peziza erecta, Sow., Eng. Fung., t. 369, figs. 10, 11.) _ y 2 324 FUNGUS-FLORA. DESMAZIERELLA. Libert (emended). Receptacle sessile, becoming orbicular, dark-coloured, externally tomentose, margin setulose; hymenium minutely velvety due to the projecting black-pointed tips of the paraphyses; asci elongated, cylindrical, 8-spored; spores Desmazierella acicola, Lib.;—Fig. 1, fungus on pine leaves, x 2;— Fig. 2, surface view of ascophore, x ;—Fig. 3, section of same, x ;— Fig. 4, branching hyphae from base of ascophore, x 400;—-Fig. 5, free pores, x 400;—Fig. 6, asci and two clusters of the pointed paraphyses, x 250. DESMA ZIERELLA— DASYSCYPHA. 325 hyaline, continuous, elliptical, 1-seriate; paraphyses adhering in bundles, becoming free, black and pointed at the tips. Desmazierella, Libert, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1829, p. 82, pl. vi. figs. 1-3; Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 283; Sacc, Syll., viii. p. 386. Distinguished by the peculiar structure of the paraphyses, and the hirsute margin of the ascophore. Growing on pine leaves. Desmazierella acicola. Libert, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1829, p. 82 with fig., Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 283; Sace., SyllL, viii. n. 1594, Ascophores scattered, sessile, at first closed and turbinate, then expanded and orbicular, 3-5 mm. across; disc slightly concave, brown, minutely velvety, due to the projecting tips of the paraphyses; margin fringed with tapering, pointed, septate, dark brown hairs 130-160 x 6-7 pw; externally clothed with a tomentum formed of irregularly branched, septate, brown hyphae 4-5 » thick; flesh thin, greyish ; asci elongated, narrowly cylindrical, narrowed downwards into a long, slender, curved pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely .1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, usually 2-guttulate, elliptical, 15-16 X 8, parapbyses adhering in bundles, becoming tree, black, and sharp-pointed at the tips, longer than the asci. On dead leaves of Pinus sylvestris. Specimen examined from Madame Libert’s Crypt. Ard., n. 24, Ascophore about 2} lines broad. This appears at first as a minute, hairy Chaetomium-like body, nearly black, afterwards expanding into a sublentiform disc. The brown hairs of the hymenium, being prolongations of the paraphyses, give this plant a striking character. (Phillips.) DASYSCYPHA. Fries. (figs. 1-2, 12, 24-25, p. 156.) Ascophore minute, shortly stipitate or sessile, closed at first then expanding until] nearly or quite plane, thin and delicate in texture, externally and the margin pilose, hairs thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, often rough with crystals of lime, stem short, slender; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored ; B26 FUNGUS-FLORA. spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, narrow and elongated, continuous, or 1-septate at maturity, paraphyses lanceolate and acute, or cylindrical, often longer than the asci. Dasyscypha, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 89 (as a Tribe of the genus Peziza); Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 432 (in part). Lachnella, Phil., Brit. Disc. (in part). As here understood, the genus is characterised by the ascophore being minute, margin and externally villose ; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, spores narrow and elongated, hyaline; growing on plants., Lachnea differs in having the marginal hairs thick-walled and pointed; the species of ‘Neottiella are distinguished by growing on the ground. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES. A. Externally white. { Paraphyses lanceolate. * Dise white. ** Dise coloured. tt Paraphyses cylindrical. * Disc white. ** Disc orange or yellow. B. Externally coloured. + Paraphyses lanceolate. * Disc brownish, reddish, or buff. ** Disc yellow. tt Paraphyses cylindrical. * Haternally clear deep or pale yellow. DASYSCYPHA. 327 ** Externally brown, red, buff, or dingy. § Growing on dead herbaceous stems or leaves. §§ Growing on bark, wood, or branches. §$§ Growing on ferns. A. Externally white. + Paraphyses lanceolate. * Dise white. Dasyscypha virginea. Fckl, Symb. Myc., p. 305; Sacc., Syll., n. 1801. Scattered, or usually gregarious, shortly stipitate ; globose then hemispherical, finally expanded with an upright, delicate margin, about 2 mm. broad; whole plant snow- white, or with a faint tinge of yellow on the very short, rather thick stem; excipulum composed of septate hyphae about 4 » thick, and more or less parallel, radiating from the stem to the margin; externally clothed with delicate, very thick-walled, cylindrical hairs 3-4 » thick, apex obtuse, and sometimes crowned with a crystal or amorphous lump of oxalate of lime, longest at the margin where they are up to 100 w long, and form a crowded fringe; asci cylindric- clavate, thick at the base; spores 8, irregularly biseriate, slenderly fusiform, hyaline, continuous, straight, 5-10 x 1:5-2 4; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, about half as long again as the asci, colourless, about 4 » thick at the widest part. Peziza virginea, Batsch, Elench. Fung., p. 125. Lachnella virginea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 248. Lachnum virgineum, Karst., Myc. Fenn., i. p. 169; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Dise., p. 872. On rotten wood, branches, and herbaceous stems. Characterised among the minute white species by the lanceolate paraphyses, slender, very thick-walled, blunt hairs, and radiating, long narrow cells of the excipulum. The walls of the marginal hairs are so thick that the lumen is usually almost obliterated, and although septate, the septa 328 FUNGUS-FLORA. in consequence are difficult to see; the hairs are sometimes tipped with a lump of lime, rarely crystalline, and sometimes several hairs are more or less clotted together with lime. Peziza plano-umbilicata, Grev., Flor. Ed., p. 420, respecting which nothing is definitely known, may possibly belong to the present species. Dasyscypha scintillans. Mass. Scattered, stipitate, globose and closed, then expanded, up to 4+ mm. broad and high; thin, excipulum parenchymatous, consisting of more or less square cells, with a tendency to become arranged in lines near the margin, towards the base, the cells become long and narrow, externally white, pilose, the hairs longest and most numerous at the margin, 40-60 x 5-6 p, apex blunt or very slightly incrassated, and tipped with a large, globose cluster of sharp-pointed crystals of oxalate of lin.e, the sharp points of the crystals numerous and radiating in every direction, septate, often minutely rough, wall at first thin, becoming thick and the lumen almost obliterated; disc white or with a tinge of yellow; stem very short; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, base rather thick ; spores irregularly biseriate, cylindrical, 7-3 x 1 pw; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, about twice as long as tLe asci, 5 » broad at the widest part, hyaline. On dead oak leaves. Differs from D. ciliaris in the smaller spores and long, broadly lanceolate paraphyses. D. rhytismae (= D. echinulata), Rehm), has the external hairs much thinner, and the cells of the excipulum are very long and narrow at the margin of the cup. Finally D. ciliaris—with which D. echinulata, Aud., is synonymous, “s proved by examination of specimens naned by Auerswald—has very much larger, fusiform spores. Y aerewuld in describing his species, Peziza echinulata, Hedw., 1868, p. 186, gives the size of the spores as 15-18 x 2p. Phillips’ description of this species is a translation of Auerswald’s original diagnosis quoted above, omitting the spore measurements. When viewed under a low power of the microscope, the entire fungus resembles a minute tassel of snow white silk, each strand being tipped with a sparkling crystal, DASYSCYPHA. 329 Dasyscypha rhytismatis. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1886. Gregarious, stipitate, entirely white, piriform and closed at first, then expanding until quite plane, about 4 mm. across ; externally villose, marginal hairs longest, delicate, thin-walled, septate, obtuse cylindrical, rough with minute particles of lime, and usually bearing a large, rough, sparkling crystal at the apex, 50-80 x 3-4 yp, the hairs becoming shorter downwards; cortex formed of simple or branching, parallel, septate hyphae, small and elongated in the direction from base to apex, about 5-8 x 8-4 w; stem about $ mm. long; asci small, clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, con- tinuous, cylindric-fusiform, 2-5 x 1 »; paraphyses lanceo- late, acute, nearly as long again as the asci, continuous, 4 at broadest part. Peziza rhytismae, Phil., Grev., viii. p. 101. Lachnella rhytismae, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 250. Lachnum echinulatum, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 876. Dasyscypha echinulata, Sacc., Syl, viii. n. 1848. On dead leaves of Acer on Rhytisma acerinum, also on oak leaves. Specimen from Phillips examined, also Rehm., Ascom., n. 259. Dasyscypha nivea. Mass. Gregaricus, snow-white, stipitate, at first pyriform and closed, then expanding but not becoming quite plane, epithecium parenchymatous, cells largest at the margin, where they are irregularly polygonal, 6-9 « broad, slightly elongated radially, becoming longer and narrower down- wards; externally pilose, hairs longest and most numerous at the fringed margin, cylindrical, apex often slightly clavate, septate, often minutely rough, rarely with a crystal at the tip, 100-150 x 3-4 ; disc up to 1 mm. across when expanded ; stem cylindrical, slender, pilose, about 4 mm. long; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored, apex rounded, base rather stout; spores irregularly biseriate, slenderly fusiform, continuous, hyaline, 6-9 x 1-1-5 »; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, about half as long again as the asci, 4—5 ». broad at the widest part, hyaline. Octospora nivea, Hedwig fil, Musc. Frond., tab, vill. fig. B. 330 FUNGUS-FLORA. Lachnum niveum, Karst., Myc. Fenn. i. p. 168; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 879. Trichopeziza nivea, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 296. On twigs, branches, wood, &c. hos From the standpoint of species at the present day, it is absolutely impossible to say exactly which of the numerous minute white species Hedwig’s Octospora nivea represents ; and under the circumstances I have accepted as this species the form most generally accepted by mycologists, as indicated by the synonyms given above. This form does not accord with the species as understood by Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 245; differing in the broad, lanceolate paraphyses. Differs from D. virginea in the large cells at the margin ot the excipulum and the septate hairs, and from D. ciliaris in the slender stem and lanceolate paraphyses. Dasyseypha acutipila. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1860. Gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, globose and clused when young, then becoming quite plane, up to 1 mm. across ; entirely white, or the disc sometimes tinged yellow ; externally minutely downy; margin pilose, hairs thick- walled, smooth, septate, gradually tapering into a long, acuminate point, 50-70 x 4 »; cortex composed of small, elongated cells; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, narrowly fusiform, 9-14 x 1-1:5 «; paraphyses lanceolate, tips acute, usually septate, 4 » broad at widest part. : Peziza acutipila, Karsten, Mon. Pez., p. 195. Lachnella acutipila, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 252. On Phragmites communis and other grasses. Specimen in Karst., Fung. Fenn., n. 662, examined. Distinguished by the linear-fusiform spores, and the short, acuminate, marginal hairs. Dasyscypha Soppittii. Mass. (fig. 12, p. 156.) Scattered, stipitate, suow-white, globose and closed at first, finally becoming nearly or quite plane, the spreading margin ciliate, up to 4 mm. across ; externally densely pilose, hairs thin-walled, cylindrical, sparsely septate, straight, minutely rough, 60-90 x 4; cortex parenchymatous, cells almost quadrate, 8-9 » diameter near the margin, becoming narrower and elongated downwards; asci broadly cylindric- DASYSCYPHA. ‘Bal clavate, apex obtuse, pedicel short, stout, 8 spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, smooth, hyaline, elliptical, ends acute, straight, 1-septate at maturity, 9-11 x 3 »; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, 3-5-septate, often slightly constricted at the septa, half as long again as the asci, 5-6 » at the ‘broadest part. On dead, fallen oak leaves. The present species, found by Mr. H. T. Soppitt, near Bradford, Yorks, is amongst the most beautiful and distinct of the white species of Dasyscypha, distinguished by the large, quadrate cortical cells, septate paraphyses, and fusi- form, 1-septate spores. Dasyscypha filicea. Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1879. Gregarious, shortly stipitate, globose and closed at first, then hemispherical, entirely white, up to $ mm. across; externally tomentose, hairs thin-walled, septate, obtuse and slightly thickened at the tips, minutely rough, 40-70 x 5 p; cortex parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base to margin, 6-8 x 3-4 ym; asci narrowly clavate, tip narrowed, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, distinctly fusiform, ends acute, l-septate, hyaline, 15-18 x 3 »; paraphyses lanceolate, acute, rather longer than the asci, 4-5 » at the broadest part. Peziza filicea, Cooke and Phil., in Herb., Kew. Lachnella filicea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 254. On the under surface of the frond, and on the rachis of ferns. Distinguished among the white species by the large, 1-septate, fusiform spores having sharp ends, and the more or less capitate, external hairs. Type specimen examined. In giving localities for this species, Phillips says, “ Dunedin, N.B.! in Herb., Kew”; on turning to this species, I find that the specimen is from Dunedin, New Zealand, Dr. Berggren, n. 400. As Phillips also gives Chedder, collected by C. Bucknall, it is included here. Dasyscypha crucifera. Sacc., Syll., n. 1833. Gregarious, stipitate, snow-white or with a very slight tinge of yellow on the stem; clavate, often hemispherical ; excipulum composed of more or less parallel, elongated cells, 832 FUNGUS-FLORA. showing a tendency to become polygonal, 5-6 » wide by 15-25 p long, radiating from stem to margin; externally pilose, the hairs longest at the margin, where they form a fringe; 60-100 x 4-5 p, cylindrical, obtuse or very slightly thickened at the apex, which is crowned by a regular octahedron-crystal of oxalate of lime, usually rough with very minute particles of lime throughout their length, thin- walled, distinctly septate; asci cylindric-clavate, thick at the base, 8-spored ; spores cylindrical or narrowly fusiform, straight, hyaline, continuous, 6-8 x 1 »; paraphyses lanceo- late, tip acute, about half as long again as the asci, hyaline, 4 » thick at the widest part. Peziza crucifera, Phil., Gard. Chron., 1878, p. 397, fig. 71. Lachnella crucifera, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 250. On dead branches and twigs of Myrica gale. Authentic specimen from Phillips examined. Closely allied to D. virginea, differing in the slightly longer stem, larger cells of the excipulum, and more especially by the rough, thin-walled, distinctly septate hairs, each of which is tipped with a perfectly symmetrical, regular octahedral crystal of lime, the angles of which frequently present the appearance of a cross under the microscope. The crystals often drop off when the plant is placed in water for exa- mination. D. echinata, Awd., differs from the present in the shorter, stouter, thick-walled hairs being tipped with a large ageregation of crystals having numerous projecting sharp points. ** Disc coloured. Dasyscypha ticolor. Fckl., Symb., Myce, p. 305; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1827. Scattered or crowded, very shortly stipitate, at first depresso-globose and closed, then expanded but not becoming plane, 7-14 mm. across; disc varying in colour from yellow to deep orange, externally white, densely pilose, hairs slender, cylindrical, septate, obtuse, hyaline, minutely rough, sometimes inclined to be rather wavy, 150-250 x 4-5 p; cortex parenchymatous, cells hexagonal, elongated in the direction from base to margin, running in more or less parallel series, 9-14 x 5-7 ; asci small, cy lindric-clavate, -DASYSCYPHA. 338 8-spored ; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, narrowly elliptical, or inclined to be clavate, 7-10 x 1°5 w; paraphyses lanceolate, acute, 5-6.» broad at the widest part, hyaline, continuous. Peziza bicolor, Bull., Champ. Fy., t. 410, fig. 3. Lachnella bicolor, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 249, pl. viii. f. 46. On dead branches of oak, hazel, hawthorn, &c. The hairs appear io be continuous, as a rule, when examined in water, but when treated with white potassic hydrate, followed by iodine, the very thick walls and septa show very distinctly. Known from D. calycina and D. re- sinaria in not growing on conifers. D. patula differs in the very long hairs, and in growing on leaves. Specimens examined in Berk., Brit. Fung., n. 155, and Kunze, Fung. Sel., n. 182. Dasyscypha patula. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1844. Greyarious; furnished with a very short stem, clavate then expanded, thin; excipulum composed of very long, narrow cells about 4 » broad, arranged more or less parallel and radiating from the stem to the margin; externally white and densely covered with long, slender, slightly wavy, colourless, cylindrical, sharp pointed hairs, wall very thick and the lumen almost obliterated, 71-120 x 4-5 p, longest and most numerous at the margin ; disc concave, pale yellow, up to $ mm. broad and high; asci cylindric-clavate, base thickish, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, slenderly fusiform, 8-12 x 1°5-2 yw, hyaline, continuous; paraphyses lanceolate, apex pointed, about half as long again as the asci, colourless, about 4 » thick. Peziza patula, Pers., Obs. Myc., i. p. 42. Lachnella patula, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 251. Lachnum patulum, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 875. On dry fallen oak leaves. A very beautiful, but minute species, when examined in the dry condition under a low power, resembling a minute ball of loose floss silk. The hairs are longer, and slenderer than in any other British species, slightly wavy, and more or less interwoven ; the wall is very thick and the lumen— central cavity—almost obliterated, hence they appear to be without septa—continuous—but if treated with dilute potassic 334 FUNGUS-FLORA. hydrate, the very narrow lumen and the septa become evident. Dasyscypha conformis. Sacc., Syll., Suppl. ii. n. 4545. Scattered, minute, shortly stipitate or sessile, rather cupulate, becoming plane, clad with short, colourless, obtuse hairs; disc pale fawn colour; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; spores 8, slenderly lanceolate, 10 x 1 »; paraphyses slender, acerose, exceeding the asci. Lachnella conformis, Cooke,, Grev., xix. p. 107. On Juncus. Although resembling L. apala, the much shorter spores at once distinguish it. Unknown tome. The above is Cooke’s original description. Unfortunately I have not succeeded in finding the type in Cooke’s Herbarium. tt Paraphyses cylindrical. * Dise white. Dasyscypha leuconica. Mass. Gregarious, sessile but attached by a narrowed base; hemispherical then expanded, about 4 mm. across, entirely white, very thin and delicate; excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregular, rather large, externally rather sparsely pilose; hairs most numerous upwards and forming a ciliated margin, 5-7 » thick at the base, soon contracted and then gradually tapering to a very fine long point, 70-100 p long, usually 1-2 septate at the base, smooth; asci clavate or cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, smooth, continuous, hyaline, 7-9 x 2; paraphyses filiform, about 2 » thick, hyaline. Lachnella leuconica, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 267. Peziza leuconica, Cke., in Herb. On dead wood. Type specimen examined. The present species is in some respects intermediate between Dasyscypha and Lachnea, inclining towards the latter in the tapering hairs, incrassated at the base, and DASYSCYPHA. 385 forming a ciliated margin; but as the hairs are thin-walled, soft and rather wavy at times, and the entire fungus very thin and delicate, it is placed in the genus Dasyscypha, Dasyscypha candidata. Mass. Scattered, or more freyuently gregarious, sessile and broadly adnate, very thin, soon plane with a slightly upraised margin that is often more or less wavy, every part snow white or disc pallid when old, up to 1 mm. broad; excipulum parenchymatous, celle small, irregularly polygonal ; externally densely downy, hairs slightly clavate, 40-70 » long by 3-5 » at the thickened apex; mixed with the above are numerous elongated, very delicate hyphae about 3 y» thick which radiate from the ascophore and form a delicate cobweb-like subiculum on the matrix; asci cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, cylindric-fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, for a long time continuous, finally 1-septate, 6-9 x 1°5 p; paraphyses filiform, not thickened upwards, septate. Peziza candidata, Cooke, Grev., vol. i. p. 130. Lachnella candidata, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 273. Trichopeziza candidata, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1678. On dead stems of Rubus. A remarkable and very distinct species, forming extended snow-white patches when gregarious. Inclining towards the genus Tapesia, from which it is distinguished by the delicate, floccose mycelium only anchoring the individual ascophores, and not forming an extended subiculum on the substratum. Type specimen examined. Dasyscypha ciliaris. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1843. (figs. 1-2, p. 156.) Ba) Gregarious or rarely scattered, shortly stipitate, almost globose at first then expanding and becoming almost plane, margin minutely ciliate, snow-white or with a very slight tinge of yellow on the slender, cylindrical stem, about 4 mm. high and broad, waxy ; excipulum parenchymatous, towards the margin the cells are almost square in outline, 5-8 p across, and with a tendency to be arranged in parallel rows; lower down the cells become longer and narrower ; externally pilose, the hairs longest and most numerous at the margin, 886 FUNGUS-FLORA. where they form a delicate fringe, 50-100 x 4-6 p, wall thin, septate, apex rounded and often tipped with a large octahedral crystal of oxalate of lime; the entire hair often rough with very minute particles of lime; asci cylindric- clavate, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, narrowly fusiform, hyaline, usually minutely 2-cuttulate, and finally l-septate, 15-20 x 2°5-5 mw; paraphyses scanty, almost cylindrical, apex rather pointed, a little longer than the ascl, 24 » thick, hyaline. Peziza ciliaris, Schrader, Bot. Journ., ii. p. 63. Lachnella ciliaris, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 251. Lachnella echinulata, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 219. Lachnum ciliare, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 877, figs. 1-4, p. 866. Trichopeziza capitata, Sacc., Syl, viii. n. 1719. On fallen leaves of oak and sweet chestnut. The leading points of the present species are, the quadrate cells near margin of excipulum, cylindrical paraphyses, and thin walled, septate hairs. Auerswald in describing his Peziza echinulata quotes Rabenh., Fung. Eur., n. 1009, but an examination of this specimen shows it to be D. ciliaris. Dasyscypha ascuna. Mass. Scattered, sessile, globose at first, then becoming almost plane, about } mm. across, entirely dingy white ; excipulum very delicate, parenchymatous, cells small; externally sparsely pilose, hairs most abundant at the margin, thin- walled, septate, slightly tapering, 50-75 x 5-6 mp; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored : spores irregularly 2-seriate, cylindric-fusoid or with the apex obtuse and slightly clavate, hyaline, continuous, smooth, straight, 10-15 x 8-4 up; paraphyses scanty, filiform. Lachnella ascuna, Phil., Grev., xix. p. 73. Trichopeziza ascuna, Sacc., Syll., Suppl. x. n. 4542. On dead leaves of Carez, Specimen from Phillips, in Herb., Kew, examined. Dasysecypha aranea. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, hemispherical then expanding some- what, but not becoming plane, about 1 mm. across, altogether white, the hymenium becoming yellowish when dry; exci- DASYSCYPHA. 337° pulum delicate, parenchymatous, cells small, elongated radially; clothed externally with delicate, branched, asep- tate, cylindrical, hyaline hairs about 3 « diameter, most abundant near the margin, interwoven, length variable, 60-100 w; ascicylindric-clavate, 8-spored ; spores irregularly biseriate, linear-elliptic or cylindrical, 7-8 x 1°5 py, hyaline, continuous; paraphyses slender, rather longer than the asci, apex not thickened. Peziza granea, De Notar., Micr. Ital., Dec. i. n. 1, Lachnella aranea, Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 272. Trichopeziza aranea, Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1715. Inside fallen husks of Spanish chestnut. Allied to D. araneo-cincta, but distinguished by the cylin- drical, branched, wavy hairs and the slender paraphyses. Specimen in Phillips’ Elv. Brit., n. 165, examined. Dasyscypha araneo-cincta. Mass. Seattered and gregarious, sessile but attached by a central point only, hemispherical then expanded and concave, about i mm. across, entirely white, disc yellowish when dry ; excipulum delicate, parenchymatous, cells small, elongate radially ; externally delicately pilose, hairs most numerous near the margin, tapering regularly from base to apex, 60-100 » long, 5-6 » thick at the base, 1-5 yw thick at the apex, thin walled, indistinctly septate, rather wavy ; asci clavate, usually curved, 8-spored, spores irregularly biseriate, fusiform, or the apex sometimes obtuse, 10-13 x 1°5 p, continuous, hyaline ; paraphyses stout, apex clavate. Peziza araneo-cincta, Phil., Bucknall’s Fung. Bristol, n. 621. Lachnella araneo-cincta, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 271. Trichopeziza araneo-cincta, Sace., SylL, viii. n. 1721. On decaying birch leaves. Allied to D. aranea, but distinguished by the tapering, pointed hairs and clavate paraphyses. Dasyscypha acuum. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1845. Ascophores gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at first globose and closed, finally becoming nearly plane, —1 mm. across ; entirely white, or more or less tinged with pink, especially when dry; externally minutely villose, hairs very short and delicate, thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, rarely 1-septate, 20-30 x 3x4; cortex delicately parenchy- VOL. IV. z 338 FUNGUS-FLORA. matous, cells elongated in the direction from base to apex, 5-7 x 8-4 mw; asci small, apex slightly narrowed, base short, stout, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptic-fusiform, 45 x 1-5; paraphyses hyaline, slender, cylindrical. Peziza acuum, Alb. & Schw., Consp. Fung., p. 330. Lachnella acuum, Phil., Brit. Disc., p 246. On fallen, decaying pine leaves. A very minute species, recognised by the very short, external hairs, the minute spores, and the habitat. The paraphyses are not 1-seriate as described by Phillips, neither are the paraphyses diffluent in water, as stated by the same author, but they are very difficult to see until shown up by a solution of iodine. Specimens examined in Phil, Elv. Brit., n. 163 and Fuckel, Fung. Rhen., n. 1153. Dasyscypha aspidiicola. Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1878, Gregarious, gradually narrowed downwards into a stout stem-like base, globose and closed at first, gradually becoming plane, entirely-white, }-} mm. across; externally minutely flocose, hairs short, thin-walled, usually aseptate, cylindrical or slightly clavate, often minutely rough, 25-35 x 3-4 p; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 4-6 diameter; asci small, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, narrowly elliptical or inclined to be clavate, 5-8 x 1-5 p 2-seriate; paraphyses very slender, cylindrical. Peziza aspidiicola, B & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 771. Lachnella aspidiicola, Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 245. On dead stems of Nephrodium filix-mas. Type specimen examined, also specimens in Fung. Brit., n. 565. Dasyscypha hyalina. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, globose and closed at first, then hemi- spherical, finally plane, very thin, soft, and translucent, colourless or sometimes with a faint tinge of yellow or rose, up to 4 mm. across, contracted and with a tinge of amber when dry; externally very minutely villose, hairs delicate, thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, often minutely DASYSCYPHA. 339 rough, hyaline, 30-50 x 3-4 mw; cortex minutely paren- -chymatous, the cells becoming parallel and running out into the marginal hairs; asci narrowly clavate, apex narrowed, pedicel short, stout. 3-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, straight or slightly bent, cylindric-fusifvrm, or with the broadest part above the middle, and inclined to be clavate, 2-seriate or often almost l-seriate, 5-19 x 2-2-5 pw; para- physes very slender, cylindrical, hyaline. Peziza hyalina, Pers., Disp. Meth. Fung., p. 33. Lachnella hyalina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 257, pl. viii. fig. 48. Pseudohelotium hyalinum, Fckl., Symb.-Myc., p. 293. On wood, chips. inside bark, &c. Distinguished by the white, semitransparent, watery aspect of the ascophore when fresh, and by the very short, delicate, external hairs. Specimen in Rab., Fung. Enur., n. 1615, examined. Dasyscypha carimata. Mass. (fies. 24, 25, p. 156.) Ascophore sessile, about } mm. across, gregarious. every snow-white, globose at first and with a minute pore, at length expanding a little; externally clad with short tomentose down formed of slender aseptate hyphae ; longi- tudinally channelled so as to present 5—* distinct acute ridges or keels; asci clavate, not much narrowed at the base, spores &, irregularly biseriate, subfusiform, continuous, hyaline, guttulate, 11-16 x 3»; paraphyses filiform. Trichopeziza carinata, Cke. & Mass., Grev., v. 21, p. 121. On dead fern stems. : Among the mest beautiful of the many interesting species of fungi found by my friend Mr. C. Crossland of Halifax. Readily distinguished by the distinct external, longitudinal ves. Trichopeziza hexagona, Fckl., not yet recorded for Britain, externally resembles the present species, but has much smaller spores. Dasyscypha asterostoma. Mass. Gregarious or scatt=re], minute, sessile, at first globose and closed, then eylindric-globese, opening circular, rather contracted, everywhere pure white, both when fresh and dry, very thin and delicate, up to } mm. across, externally pilose, Z2 340 FUNGUS-FLORA. hairs abundant round the margin, scanty elsewhere, hyaline, continuous, very thick-walled, smooth, cylindrical, apex more or less acute, crooked, 70-100 x 4-5 pu, spreading and pointing obliquely all in one direction round the margin ; cortical cells almost quadrate, 7-9 » diameter; asci small, cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored ; spores, irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, narrowly cy lindric- fusiform, 6:7 x 1'5 »; paraphyses very slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza asterostoma, Phil., Grev., vii. p. 140. Peziza spirotricha, Oudem., Hedw. 1874, p. 87; Phil., Brit. Disce., p. 266. Trichopeziza spirotricha, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1667. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Spring. Phillips first described the present species as Peziza aste- rostoma, in Grev., vii. p. 140, and afterwards, considering it to be identical with Peziza spirotricha, Oudemans, adopted the latter name in Elv. Brit., n. 168, and in Brit. Disc., p. 266. Examination of an authentic specimen of P. spirotricha from Oudemans shows that Phillips’ fungus is quite distinct, hence the original specific name has been restored. Readily distinguished by the form of the ascophore, with its somewhat contracted mouth, and the marginal zone of thick-walled, crooked, obliquely inserted hairs. Dasyscypha tami. Mass. Scattered, rarely gregarious, very thin and delicate, sessile, base narrowed, up to § mm.across ; entirely white and trans- Incent when fresh, becoming amber-colour when dry; exter- nally minutely downy, hairs very delicate, about 20-30 x 2°5 w; margin entire; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 4-5 » diameter; asci small, narrowly cylindric- clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline continuous, linear-fusiform, 7-8 x 1:5 p; paraphyses very slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza tami, Lamy, in Desm., Crypt. Fr., ser. ii., n. 827. Var. humuli, Phil.. Brit. Disc., p. 270. Trichopeziza tami, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1863. On dead stems of Tamus communis and. hop. A very minute, delicate species, allied to D. micacea, according to Desmaziéres. Very nearly glabrous, but retain- DASYSYCPHA, 341 ing otherwise the morphological characteristics of Dasyscypha. A specimen examined in Desm., Cr. Fr., n. 827, also the specimens called var. humili, which do not differ from the typical form. Dasyscypha punctoidea. Mass. Scattered or mostly gregarious, sessile but narrowed to a short stem-like base, closed at first, then expanding until plane or even slightly convex, about } mm. across; white and rather translucent, disc becoming tinged red when dry, nearly smooth externally; asci cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, irregularly 2-seriate, 5-6 x 2-2°5 w, continuous, elliptical; paraphyses very slender, cylindrical. Helotium punctoidium, Karsten, Myc. Fenn., p. 151. Lachnella punctoidea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 268. Pseudohelotium punctoideum, Sacc., Syl, viii. n. 1239. On dead leaves of species of Epilobium. Imperfectly known to me. I have examined the speci- mens in Karsten’s Fung. Fenn., n. 745, and also the British specimens referred to this species by Cooke—Fung. Brit., ed. ii., n. 551—but the species is so very minute and delicate, that very little can be determined from specimens that have been dried. It appears at best to be a very unsatisfactory Dasyscypha, and yet too delicate for Helotium. Dasyscypha fugiens. Mass. Scattered, sessile, globose then expanded, thin, white, vil- lose; asci oblong-clavate or subfusiform; spores 4 to 8, oblong-linear or elliptic, straight or slightly curved, GS-2) ps Peziza fugiens, Phil., Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc., vol. iii. p. 137, t. iv. fig. 2. Tricopeziza fugiens, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1744. Lachnella fugiens, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 268. On dead rushes in bogs. Ascophores, 50 » broad; asci, 20 » long, 5 » broad; the hairs of the exterior very short, non-septate, colourless. (Phillips. ) Unknown to me. The above account is entirely copied from Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 268. 342 FUNGUS-FLORA. ** Disc orange or yellow. Dasyscypha ealycina, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 305. Ascophores caespitose, gregarious, or scattered, narrowed into a short, stout, stem-like base, rather fleshy, 1-3 mm. broad; disc orange-yellow, externally white and villose hairs rather wavy, cylindrical, obtuse, colourless, minutely rough, 100-150 x 4-5 w; asci subcylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored; spores l-seriate or inclined to be 2-seriate above, hyaline, elliptic-fusiform, continuous, 18-25 x 6-8 4; para- physes slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza calycina, Schum., Enum. Pl., Saell., ii. p. 424 (in art). y a Wilkommii, Hartig, Willkomm, Mikr. Feinde d. Waldes, ii. p. 167. Lachnella calycina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 241. On bark of larch and Scotch fir. Hypothecium and excipulum formed of slender, branched hyphae about 2-3 » thick ; these become more or less parallel to form the cortex, and finally run out into the external hairs. This fungus is very destructive to young larch-trees. For distinctions from allied species, see note under D. abietis. Specimens examined in Fuckel, Fung. Rhen., n. 1206, and Cooke, Fung. Brit., n. 474. Var. Trevelyani, Cooke, Grev., iii. p. 101; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 242. Distinguished from the type form by the larger spores, 30-35 p long, and by their tendency to become pseudo- uniseptate, : On larch. Dasyscypha subtilissima, Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 1828. Gregarious or scattered, narrowed into a stout, short, stem- like base, globose and closed at first, then expanded. 1-2 mm. broad ; disc orange-yellow, externally white and villose, hairs more or less wavy, cylindrical, obtuse, thin-walled, minutely: rough, colourless, 80-120 x 3—4 4; asci narrowly cylindric- clavate, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, continuous, straight, ellip-: DASYSCYPHA. 343 tical or slightly clavate, 8-10 x 2»; paraphyses slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza subtilissima, Cooke, Grev., iii. p. 121, fig. 167. Lachnella subtilissima, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 244. - On bark of firs. See note under D. abietis for distinction from allies. Type specimen examined. Dasyscypha abietis, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1824. Scattered or gregarious, narrowed into a short, stout, stem- like base, rather fleshy, 1-1-5 mm. across; disc orange- yellow, externally white and villose, hairs rather wavy, cylindrical, obtuse, thin-walled, septate, colourless, 150- 200 x 4-5 »; cortex formed of oblong cells in parallel rows running from base to margin, 6-7 x 3-4 yw; asci broadly clavate, gradually tapering downwards from the broad, very obtuse apex, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, elliptic, ends very acute, straight or slightly curved, 2-guttulate then 1-septate, 12-14 x 3; paraphyses hyaline, cylindrical, tips rather pointed, 2-5-3 » thick, longer than the asci. Lachnella abietis, Karsten, Rev. Mon., p. 131. On Abies excelsa. The above description is drawn up from the specimens in the Kew copy of Karsten’s Fung. Fenn., no. 837, with which British specimens exactly agree. So far as the external characters of the ascophore are con- cerned, the present species is practically indistinguishable from D. calycina and D. subtilissima. The three species may be contrasted as follows. D. calycina, spores 18-25 x 6-8 p. D. subtilissima, spores 8-10 xX 2 », paraphyses same length ag the asci. D. abietis, spores 12-14 x 3 p, paraphyses longer than the asci. Dasyscypha resinaria, Rehm, Ascom. Lojk, n. 30; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1826. Gregarious ; ascophore stipitate, turbinate then expanded, margin more or less persistently incurved, }-1 mm. across, 14 mm. high, externally white, the short stem and excipulum clothed with short, spreading, unbranched, septate, white hairs about 40-60 x 4 », rough with minute, external parti- (B44 FUNGUS-FLORA. cles of lime; excipulum composed of densely interwoven, slender hyphae, colourless; disc concave, pale orange; asci small, cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores elliptical, hyaline, smooth, continuous, 3 x 1°5-2 p, irregularly biseriate ; para- physes slender, about 14 » thick, slightly longer than the asc, tip very slightly or not at all thickened, colourless. Peziza resinaria, Cke. & Phil., Grevillea, vol. ili. p. 185. Lachnella resinaria, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 242. On resin and bark of spruce fir. Described from specimen in Phillips’ Elv. Brit., n. 56. The size of the spores, 5 x 2°5 pw, as given by Phillips in ‘Disc. Brit., is certainly too large. I have never found them ‘above 3 p long. Dasyscypha luzulina. Mass. Ascophores gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, at first turbinate, then hemispherical, at length nearly plane ; externally white, pubescent; disc pale yellow; margin entire ; asci clavate; spores 8, fusiform, straight or slightly curved, biseriate, 13 x 3 4; paraphyses filiform. Peziza luzulina, Phil., Grev., iv. p. 121. Lachnella luzulina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 244. On dead Luzula sylvatica, at the base, between the leaves. Winter. Unknown to me. I can find no ascophores in the Kew copies of Phil., Hlv. Brit., n. 71, said to be this species. Dasyscypha diminuta. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1870. Scattered or crowded, narrowed to a short stem-like base, very minute and thin, globoso-depressed and closed when young, then expanded, up to } mm. across; dise varying from yellow to orange, externally whitish and very minutely downy, hairs exceedingly slender, short, those at the margin cylindrical, 25-50 x 2-2°5 ; cortex minutely parenchyma- tous, cells arranged in parallel series ; asci very small, cylin- dric-clavate, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, straight, filiform, 5-6 x 1 »; 1-seriate below, 2-seriate upwards; para- physes hyaline, cylindrical, very slender. Peziza diminuta, Roberge, Aun. Sci. Nat., 1847, vol. vii. . 185. ? Lachnella diminuta, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 253 ? On dead culms of Juncus. DASYSCYPHA. 345 A very minute and delicate species, and when examined after being dried, the long, delicate hairs, said to be present in the living state, are not apparent. Phillips gives the spore measurements as 12 X 2 », which are certainly much larger than the specimen I have examined, which was sent by Roberge to Berkeley. B. Externally coloured. { Paraphyses lanceolate. * Disc brownish, reddish, or buff. Dasyscypha horridula. Mass. Gregarious or scattered, sessile but attached by a point only, hemispherical then expanded, about 2 mm. across; excipulum thin and delicate, parenchymatous, cells small, slightly elongated radially ; densely pilose externally, hairs somewhat spreading, simple or rarely with 1-2 short branches originating at right angles and near the apex, wall thin, rather closely septate, cylindrical, smovth, some- times wavy; bright brown, becoming colourless towards the tip, 80-150 x 5-6 yu; disc pallid; asci narrowly clavate, 8-spored ; spores linear-fusiform, hyaline, smooth, distinctly l1-septate at maturity, 15-20 x 1°5 yp, irregularly biseriate ; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, longer than the asci, about 4 broad at the widest part, hyaline. Peziza horridula, Desm., Ann, Sci. Nat., ser. iii., vol. viii. p. 185. Trichopeziza horridula, Sacc. Syll., viii. n. 1738. On dry wheat straw. Specimen in Desinaz., Crypt. France, ser. 1, De 1740, examined, Very close to D. canescens, under which species the twv are contrasted. Dasyscypha fragariastri. Mass. Gregarious, stipitate, firm, cyathiform, faint purplish-red, paler near the margin, clothed with short, hyaline, simple hairs, usually enlarged at the summit; asci subclavate; 346 FUNGUS-FLORA. spores fusiform or.oblong-fusiform, 5 X 1-2 »; paraphyses acerose, rather stout, somewhat abruptly acuminate. Lachnella fragariastri, Phillips, in Proc. Bristol Nat. Soc., vol. vi. p. 274. On dead strawberry stems. Not examined. Dasyscypha canescens. Mass. Gregarious or densely crowded, sessile, hemispherical then expanded, thin, up to # mm. across; disc concave, dingy brown (when dry); excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 7-10 » diameter; densely clothed externally with wavy or straight, cylindrical, obtuse, thin- walled, smooth, septate hairs, clear brown at the base, becoming pale towards the apex, 50-120 x 5-7 yw; asci narrowly cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, smooth, at length becoming 1-septate, irregularly biseriate, 9-14 X 1°5-2 p; paraphyses very narrowly lanceolate, apex acute, 3 y thick at the widest part, slightly longer than the asci, hyaline. Lachnella canescens, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 259; Sacc., Syll., n. 1620. On naked wood. . Type specimen examined. The cups are fawn-colour externally when dry, the hymenium darker. The present species is allied to D. horridula, and will be considered by many as a variety of that species. It is kept distinct more especially on account of the difference of habitat, the spores are also rather smaller, and the hairs more wavy in the present species. Dasyscypha albo-testacea. Mass. Scattered, sessile or narrowed to a very short stem-like base, globose and closed when dry, open and exposing the pale flesh-coloured disc when moist, up to 3 mm. across; excipulum thin and delicate, parenchymatous, cells irregu- larly polygonal, rather large; externally pilose, hairs straight or slightly wavy, somewhat tapering towards the apex, wall thin, septate, often rough with minute particles of lime, 80-120 » x 5-6 p, 2 pw thick at the apex, pale reddish brown at the base, becoming colourless towards the DASYSCYPHA. 347 pointed apex; asci narrowly clavate, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, narrowly fusiform, continuous, hyaline, smooth, straight or very slightly curved, 7-12 x 1:5 p; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, half as long again as the ascus, hyaline. Peziza albo-testacea, Desmaz., Ann, Sci. Nat., xix. (1843 ), p. 368, Lachnella albo-testacea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 272. Trichopeziza albo-testacea, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1730. On sheaths and leaves of grasses. Allied to D. horridula, but. distinguished by the con- tinuous spores and tapering hairs. Specimen in Desmaziére’s Crypt. Fr., ser. i, n. 1415, examined. : Dasyscypha controversa. Rehm, 26 Ber. Naturh. Ver. Augsburg, p. 31; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1861. Gregarious or scattered, shortly stipitate, thin, #-14 mm. across; disc pallid, externally pale tawny, villose, marginal hairs thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, usually aseptate, pale brown below, tips hyaline, minutely rough, crowded, 70- 100 x 4-5 yp; cortical cells irregularly polygonal, 7-9 yp diameter ; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, narrowly elliptic-fusiform, straight, 5-8 x 1-1'5 w; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, hyaline, 4-5 » broad, half as long again as the asci. Peziza controversa, Cooke, Grev., vol. iv. p. 41, pl. 51, fig. 264. Lachnum controversum, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 904. On dead culms of various grasses. Allied to D. palearum, but differs in the smaller spores and larger cortical cells. Specimen in Phil, Elv. Brit., n. 70, examined ; also Rehm, Ascom., n. 114. This species is represented in Phil., Elv. Brit. n. 70, by beautiful specimens; its omission from his “ British Dis- comycetes”’ is probably therefore due to an oversight. Dasyscypha palearum. Mass. Scattered, stipitate, subglobose and closed, then expand- ing, thin, 4-? mm. across; disc remaining more or less 348 FUNGUS-FLORA. concave, pallid or whitish, externally pale tawny, tomentose, hairs thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, obtuse, minutely rough, pale clear brown below, tips colourless, minutely rough, 80-150 x 5-6 »; cortex parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base to apex, 6-8 x 3-4 uw; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, con- tinuous, narrowly elliptic-fusiform, 2-seriate, 11-14 x 1°*5- 2 p, often guttulate; paraphyses lanceolate, tips acute, half as long again as the asci and nearly as broad at the widest part. : Peziza palearum, Desmaz., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1846. Lachnella palearum, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 239. Dasyscypha patens, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1942. On straw of wheat and other grasses. Allied to D. controversa, but separated by the longer spores and smaller, narrower cortical cells. Rehm—Krypt. Flora, Disc., p. 905—calls the present. species Dasyscypha patens, considering it to be Peziza clan- destina 8 patens of Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 64. Dasyscypha fuscescens. Rehm, 26 Ber. Naturh. Ver. Augsb., p. 111, 112. Scattered, shortly stipitate, globose and closed at first, then expanding until quite plane, thin, up to 1 mm. broad ; disc whitish or pallid, externally pale brown, villose, mar- ginal hairs best developed, thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, obtuse, dingy brown, tips pale and usually bearing an amor- phous lump of oxalate of lime, 80-150 x 5-6 mu; cortical cells brownish, irregularly polygonal, 6-9 » diameter; asci clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, 2-seriate, elliptic-fusiform, 6-9 x 2 m; para- physes lanceolate, tips acute, about half as long again as the asci, 4-5 ». across at the broadest part. Peziza brunneola, Desmaz., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1841, p. 96. Lachnella brunneola, Phil., Brit. Disc. p. 238. Lachnella brunneola, var. fagicola, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 238. Dasyscypha brunneola, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1916. Peziza fuscescens, Pers., Syn. Fung., p. 654. Lachnella fuscescens, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 235. Lachnum fuscescens, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 900. DASYSCYPHA. 849 On the underside of fallen leaves of oak and beech, also on beech mast. Specimens in Desm., Crypt. France, n. 1156; Phil. Elv. Brit., n. 28; Fuckel, Fung. Rhen., n. 1168; and Roumg., Fung. Gall. no. 1959, examined. I do not know what species Phillips had in view when describing his Lachnella fuscescens—Brit. Dise., p. 235— which is said to differ from his ZL. brunneola in having filiform paraphyses—l.c., p. 238—but the paraphyses are distinctly lanceolate and acute, and the specimens altogether identical with D. fuscescens as described above, in both the exsiccati quoted by Phillips under his L. fuscescens. Dasyscypha calyculaeformis. Rehm, Ascom., n. 207; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1888. Scattered or gregarious, stipitate, funnel-shaped, at first closed, then expanding until the margin is erect, up to 2 mm. high and broad; dise yellowish-brown; externally brown, villose as is also the short stout stem, hairs longest at the margin, where they are thin-walled, septate, cylin- drical, yellow-brown, usually minutely rough, straight or slightly wavy, 80-150 x 6-8 1; cortex formed of slender, septate, parallel hyphae; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored ; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, linear - fusiform, straight, 10-12 x 24; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, hyaline, 4-5 » at widest part, longer than the asci. Peziza calyculaeformis, Schum., Enum, pl. Saell., p. 425. Lachnella calyculaeformis, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 237. Lachnum calyculaeformis, Karst., Myc. Fenn., i. p. 178; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, p. 897, figs. 1-4, p. 866. On branches of hazel, alder, &c. Very near to D. clandestina, but the ascophore is altogether larger, and the spores and marginal hairs longer. The stem is blackish-brown and smooth when the hairs have fallen away. Specimen in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 207, examined. Var. latebricola, Rehm, Ascom., n. 111; Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 237. Spores elliptical, 6-8 x 2°5 «4; some of the paraphyses are filiform, others lanceolate and acute, and longer than the asci. 350 FUNGUS-FLORA. On fallen branches of Rhododendron ferrugineum and Vaccinium uliginosum. Phillips found the spores 9-10 x 2°5 p. Specimen in Rehm, Ascom., n. 1114, examined. Dasyscypha clandestina. Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 305. Usually closely gregarious, stipitate, turbinate and closed when young, then saucer-shaped, margin erect, 4-1 mm, broad; disc pallid, often becoming brownish, externally fawn-colour or brown, villose, as is also the short, stout stem, hairs best developed at the margin, thin-walled, septate, obtuse or a little thickened at the tips, which often ‘bear crystals, usually also minutely rough, yellow-brown, tips pale, 80-100 x 6-7 «; cortex composed of parallel, slender, septate hyphae; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, continuous, straight, linear-fusiform, 2- seriate, 6-8 x 1:5 4; paraphyses hyaline, lanceolate, apex acute, 5-6 » at the broadest part, longer than the asci. Peziza clandestina, Bull., Hist. Champ. France, p. 251, t. 416, f. 5. : Lachnella clandestina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 236. Dasyscypha albofurfuracea, Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1906. Lachnella caulicola, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 236. On dry stems of Rubus idaeus. Allied to D. calyculaeformis; for distinguishing features see under last-named. Specimens examined in Phil., Brit. Elv., n. 67, and ‘Rehm, Ascom., n. 61. There is no certain evidence of the occurrence of Peziza eaulicola (= Lachnella caulicola, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 236) in ‘Britain ; the specimen in Herb. Berk., Kew, from Rudlow, accepted by Phillips as this species, proves on examination to be typical Dasyscypha clandestina. Dasyscypha nidulus. Mass. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, depresso-globose and closed at first, becoming nearly plane, firm, 4-3? mm. across; disc pallid-yellow,, externally chestnut-colour, pilose, hairs spreading, cylindrical, obtuse, rather thick-walled, many- septate, smooth, straight, brown, tips paler, crowded, DASYSCYPHA. 351 70-150 X 6-8 »; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-7 » diameter; asci narrowly cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, continuous, 2-seriate, elliptic-fusiform, 6-12 x 1-5-2 yp, straight ; para- physes lanceolate, acute, hyaline. longer than the asci. Peziza nidulus, Schmidt & Kunze, Crypt. Germ., exs., De V2 Lachnella nidulus, Phil, Brit. Disc.. p. 264. Trichopeziza nidulus, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1682. On dead stems of Convallaria multiflora, C. verticillata, and on meadow-sweet. Distinguished by the stout, cylindrical, brown, rather closely septate external hairs. Specimen in Kze. & Schm., Crypt. Germ., n. 72. ** Externally yellow. Dasyscypha leucophaea. Mass. Usually gregarious, sessile but narrowed at the base, globose and closed at first then plane, the margin slightly raised, 1-2 mm. across; disc pallid or tinged with rose- colour, externally sulphur-yellow, densely villose, hairs cylindrical, more or less pointed, septate, straight, pale yellow, rough with minute lumps of lime, 150-180 x +4 ,: cortical cells irregularly polygonal, 5-7 » diameter; asci narrowly cylindric-clavate, 8-spored; spores hyaline, con- tinuous, narrowly elliptic-fusiform, straight or slightly curved, 2-seriate, 12-18 x 2-2:5 «; paraphyses lanceolate, acute, longer than the asci, hyaline, +-5 » at the widest art. as Peziza sulfurea, var. leucophaea, Pers., Myc. Eur., i. p. 250, Lachnum leucophaeum, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 890, figs. 1-4, p. 865. On stems of herbaceous plants. For distinguishing features between the present, Eri- nella Nylanderi and D. sulfureum, see note under last-named species. For the clearing up of the previous confusion of the three above-named species, we are indebted to the excellent work by Dr. Rehm—Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, Discomycetes. 352 FUNGUS+FLORA. Specimen examined in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 65a, also Sydow, Myc. March, no. 1364. Dasyscypha sulfurea. Mass. Ascophores scattered, sessile but narrowed at the base, closed at first, becoming plane, margin slightly raised, up to 1'5 mm. broad, externally densely villose, sulphur-yellow, hairs crowded, straight, septate, cylindrical, rather pointed or obtuse, rough with minute lumps of lime, pale greenish- yellow or sometimes pale yellowish. brown, 150-200 x 5 p; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-6 « dia- meter ; the hairs and tissue of excipulum and cortex become violet-colour with potassic hydrate; asci clavate, 8-spored ; spores elliptic-fusiform, continuous, hyaline, straight or slightly bent, 2-seriate, 8-10 x 1°5-2 mw; paraphyses lan- ceolate, acute, longer than the asci, hyaline, 4-5 » broad at the widest part. Peziza sulfurea, Pers., Tent. Disp. Meth., p. 33. Lachnum sulfureum, Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 891. On dead stems of herbaceous planis. We have in Britain three distinct species which have hitherto been included under the name of Peziza sulfurea, Persoon. The present, distinguished from D. leucophaea by the smaller spores, and by the substance of the excipulum and exiernal hairs being coloured violet by a solution of potassic or ammonic-hydrate. Finally Erinella Nylanderi is distinguished from both the preceding by the much larger, multiseptate spores. Dasyseypha cerina. Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 805; Sacc., Syll., vili. n. 1887. Gregarious or crowded, narrowed into a very short stem- like base, or quite sessile, margin incurved and closed when young, then expanding, 1-2 mm. across; everywhere waxy- yellow, often with a tinge of olive; externally and the margin villose, hairs thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, obtuse, usually slightly wavy, 150-200 x 5-64; rough externally with particles of lime; cortical cells 6-8 » diameter; asci narrowly clavate, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, 6 x 2°5-3 p; paraphyses slender, narrowly lanceolate and acute, rather longer than the asci. DASYSCYPHA. 353 Peziza cerina, Pers., Syn. Fung., p. 651. Lachnella cerina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 233., pl. vii., fig. +4. On rotten wood, Readily known at sight by the gregarious, dull olive- yellow or wax-coloured, villose ascophores. Specimen in Kew Herb. named by Persoon, examined. Dasyscypha pygmaea. ‘Xacec., Syll., villi. n. 1816. Gregarious or caespitose, stipitate, turbinate and closed when young, then hemispherical, finally becoming plane, 4-6 mm. across; dise orange, externally paler, downy, hairs short; thin-walled, 1-2-septate, obtuse, minutely rough, 380-45 x 4 yp, crowded; cortical cells parenchymatous, elongated in the direction from base to margin, 6-8 x 3-4; stem 3-5 mm. high, cylindrical or expanding upwards, sometimes branched, each branch bearing an ascophore, minutely downy; asci narrowly clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, narrowly cylindric-fusiform, con- tinuous, hyaline, 10-11 x 2-2°5 ; paraphyses lanceolate, apex acute, rather longer than the asci, about + yp at the broadest part. Peziza pygmaea, Fr., Syst. Myc., ii. p. 79. Lachnella pygmaea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 242. On wood among moss, also on partly buried branches (farze) &e. s A large species, but variable in size and length of stem, which is sometimes proliferous or branched. The disc is also sometimes proliferous, bearing smaller ascophores on its surface, as shown in the figures by Berkeley and Broome —Linn. Trans., xxv. p. 482, t. 55, figs. 7-13. Specimen in Herb. Berk., Kew, accepted as typical. ** Paraphyses cylindrical. * Externally clear deep or pale yellow. Dasyscypha melaxantha. Mass. Gregarious, narrowed at the base or broadly sessile, closed at first, then expanding, but the margin remaining erect, VOL. Iv. 2a 354 FUNGUS-FLORA. contracted when dry, thin, up to 1 mm. across; disc black, externally clear greenish-yellow, or sometimes almost sulphur-yellow, pilose, the hairs often arranged in vertical lines, thin-walled, usually continuous, straight, base rather venticose and running out into a long, slender point, faintly tinged yellow, 40-65 x 3-4 p, crowded; cortex minutely parenchymatous; asci small, clavate, apex slightly narrowed, base stout, 8-spored ; spores 2-seriate, elliptic-oblong, con- tinuous, hyaline, 5-7 x 1:5-2 «; paraphyses very slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza melaxantha, Fries, Syst. Myc., 1. p. 97. Lachnella melaxantha, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 266. Trichopeziza melaxantha, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1772. On branches of beech, &c. An exceptionally well marked, and distinct species, known at once by the black disc and yellow exterior. Specimen in Herb. Berk., Kew, collected by the late Captain Carmichael, accepted as typical. Dasyscypha pulverulenta. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1928. Scattered, narrowed into a very short, stem-like base, entirely citron-yellow, thin, }-? mm. across; externally vil- lose, hairs longest at the margin, thin-walled, septate, cylin- drical, obtuse, hyaline, minutely rough with particles of lime, and usually tipped with an amber-coloured mass of resin, 50-80 x 3-4 4; asci narrowly clavate, 8 spored; spores hyaline, smooth, continuous, narrowly elliptical, 5-7 x 1p; paraphyses hyaline, slender, cylindrical. Peziza pulverulenta, Lib., Crypt. Ard., n. 125. Peziza solfatera, Cke. & Ellis, Grev., vii. p. 7. Lachnella solfatera, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 246. Dasyscypha solfatera, Sacc., Syll., vili. n. 1929. When fresh the entire fungus is clear lemon-yellow, the resin from the matrix passes up the lumen of the hairs and exudes as an amber-coloured drop at the apex, which hardens when it comes in contact with the air. When these resin- tipped hairs are abundant the exterior of the ascophore is amber-colour, especially near the margin. The type specimen of Peziza solfatera, Cke. & Ellis, on examination proves to be identical with Peziza pulverulenta, DASYSCYPHA. 395 Lib., Crypt. Ard., n. 125, as do also the British specimens from Carlisle. Dasyscypha comitessae. Sace., Syl, vill. n. 1832. Ascophores caespitose, gregarious, or scattered, stipitate, clavate and closed at first, then expanded, 2-3 mm. across ; disc bright golden-yellow, externally pale yellow and mi- nutely tomentose, hairs cylindrical, obtuse, thin-walled, septate, minutely rough, very faintly tinged yellow, 40-70 x 4-5 uw; cortical cell ‘irregularly polygonal, 6-5 » diameter ; stem 2-3 mm. long, expanding upwards; as a rule the stem branches into 3-4 portions at the base, each branch bearing an ascophore; asci Sane ign: apex narrowed, base or pedicel short, stout, S-spored; spores 2-seriate, Tyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends often rather acute, 6-7 x 2:5 yp; paraphyses hyaline, slender, cylindrical. ‘Peziza comitessae, Cke., Grev., iv. p. 111. Lachnella comitessae, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 243. On bark of a fallen tree (alder 2) Agreeing in colour and in the branching stem with D. pygmaea, but differs in having very slender, cylindrical para- physes not longer than the asci. When dry the fungus is almost white externally, and superficially resembles D. calycina and D. resinaria, but differs in not growing on conifers, also in the spores. Type specimen examined. Dasyscypha puberula. Mass. Scattered or gregarious, sessile but narrowed into a very short, stem-like base, closed and almost globose at first, then becoming almost or quite plane, very thin and delicate, very pale yellow or whitish, about $ mm. across; externally and the margin pubescent, hairs cylindrical, obtuse, 1—2-septate 8-15 x 3-4 p, colourless, thin-walled; cortex parenchyma- tous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-7 » diameter; asci cla- vate, tip narrowed, pedicel elonyated, rather stout, often crooked, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, smvoth, continuous, narrowly elliptic-fusiform, straight, 8-11 x35-3°5 »; paraphyses slender, cylindrical, same length as the asci, hyaline. Peziza puberula, Lasch, in Klotzsch, Herb. Mye.. n. 1529 (a specimen examined). 242 356 FUNGUS-FLORA. Lachnella puberula, Phil., Grev., xviii. p. 85. Pseudohelotium puberulum, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1253. ‘On fallen, decaying leaves of oak, &c. The present species is intermediate hetween Dasyscypha and Helotium, the external and marginal hairs being minute, at the same time quite distinct. Dasyscypha stereicola. Mass. Gregarious, narrowed below intu a short, stem-like base, at first turbinate then expanding and becoming cup-shaped, soft and rather fleshy, }-1 mm. across, orange with a tinge of rose, especially when dry, externally and the margin downy ; excipulum minutely parenchymatous, cortical cells irregu- larly polygonal, minute, becoming narrow and elongated towards the margin, and running out into thin-walled, hya- line, septate, obtuse hairs, externally rough with minute particles of lime, 30-50 x 4-6 u, becoming shorter and less numerous downwards; asci.cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, base rather stout, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, continuous, smooth, hyaline, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, 6-8 x 1°5-2 .; paraphyses slender, tip very slightly or not at all thickened. Peziza stereicola, Cooke, Grev., vol. i. p. 130. Calloria stereicola, Phil., Brit. Disc., p- 328. Trichopeziza stereicola, Sace., Syll , viii. n. 1750. On the hymenium of species of Stereum. Type specimen examined, also specimen in Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 186. Dasyscypha citricolor. B. & Br. Cups very shortly stipitate or sessile, between waxy and fleshy, turbinate, finely tomentose, citron-colour; asci cla- vate; spores fusiform, dotted with oil drops, 20-25 x 5-6 p; paraphyses linear. Peziza (Dasyscypha) citricolor, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n, 1321, t. xix, fig. 14. Lachnella citricolar, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 260. On rotten wood. Unknown to me. There is no specimen of the present. Species in Berkeley’s herbarium. DASYSCYPHA. 357 ** Externally brown, red, buff, or dingy. § Growing on dead herbaceous stems or leaves. Dasyscypha oedema. Mass. Gregarious, sessile but fixed by a narrow base, globose then expanding, up to + mm. across, altogether greyish-white, soft and somewhat tremellose; excipulum very thin and delicate, parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, rather large; externally minutely pubescent, hairs colourless, septate, thin-walled, cylindrical or very slightly thickened at the apex, often minutely rough, 50-75 x 4; asci clavate, often curved, &-spored ; spores irregularly biseriate, fusiform, con- tinuous, hyaline, 6-10 x 1°5-2 «; paraphyses scanty, fili- form, hyaline. Peziza oedema, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., 1850, p. 4. Lachnella oedema, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 271. Trichopeziza oedema, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1751. Parasitic on clusters of Phragmidium, on the under side of bramble leaves. Care must be taken not to confound the present species with D. dumorum, which often accompanies it on the bramble leaves. Specimen in Desm., Crypt. France, ser. i. n. 2007, examined. Dasysceypha dumorum. lass. Scattered, sessile, but narrowed at the base, turbinate and closed, then plane, about } mm. across; disc white or with a yellow tinge, externally dark brown, villose, hairs cylindri- cal, tips rather pointed, usually aseptate, dark brown and almost opaque, 40-50 x 3 », crowded ; ascismall, cylindric- clavate, S-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, narrowly elliptic-fusiform, 4-5 x 1 »; paraphyses sub- cylindrical, slender, not longer than the axis. Peziza dumorum, Roberge, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1850, vol. xiv. Peziza lucifuga, B. & Br., in Herb. Berk. Lachnella dumorum, Phil., Brit, Disc., p. 261. Trichopeziza dumorum, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1727, On the under surface of dead bramble leaves. Near to D. nidula, but differs in the smaller asci and spores, 358 FUNGUS-FLORA. and in the external hairs being altogether smaller, without evident septa, not rough, and not paler and thickened at the tip. Specimen in Herb. Berk., from Roberge, examined, also the specimen called Peziza lucifuga, B. & Br. Dasyscypha trichiodea. Sacc., Syll., n. 1927. Gregarious or scattered, somewhat erumpent, narrowed at the base, globose and closed at first, then hemispherical, margin usually erect; disc pallid or whitish, externally pale yellowish brown, villose, hairs more or less tufted at the margin, rather rigid, subcylindrical, mostly aseptate, often thickened at the base, yellowish brown, 60-100 x 45 p; ‘ cortical cells small; from 1-13 mm. across; asci small, nar- rowly clavate, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, colourless, continuous, elliptical, 5-7 x 1:5 p, often biguttu- late ; paraphyses hyaline, very slender, cylindrical. Peziza trichodea, Phil. & Plow., Grev., 111, p. 125, pl. 42, fig. 4. Lachnella trichodea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 234. On dead pine leaves. Specimen in Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 69, examined. Dasyscypha Berkeleyi. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, at first globose and closed, then ex- panded and hemispherical, up to } mm. across; excipulum parenchymatous, the cells near the margin being irregularly polygonal, slightly elongated radially, 7-11 » broad, gra- dually becoming longer and narrower towards the base; ex- ternally dingy ochraceous, densely clothed, especially at the margin with delicate, perfectly cylindrical, septate, smooth, colourless hairs not at all thickened at the apex, 40-80 x 4 B3 hymenium pale yellowish-brown; asci cylindric-clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly biseriate, cy- lindric-fusiform, smooth, colourless, continuous, 6-9 x 2 BS paraphyses filiform, about 2 » thick, apex not thickened, hyaline. Peziza Berkeleti, Bloxam, in Berk. & Broome, Brit. Fung., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 770. Lachnella Berkelett, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 270. Trichopeziza Berkeleyt, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1673. DASYSCYPHA. 3859 On dead stems of umbellifers. Closely allied to D. Grevillei ; points of difference are noted under the last named. Dasyscypha Grevillei. Mass. Ascophores scattered or gregarious, but more or less narrowed at the base, about } mm. across, at first closed, then hemispherical, every part varying from dingy ochra- ceous to pale brown; excipulum parenchymatous, the cells very narrow, 3-4, and much elongated radially; externally pilose, hairs most abundant and longest at the dentate margin, the teeth consisting of clusters of slender, colourless hairs, 30-40 x 3-4 p, apex clavate or pyriform, 6-8 p» thick, rough with minute particles of lime; asci cylindric-clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, cylindric-fusiform, straight or very slightly curved, hyaline continuous, 2-3-guttulate, 6-9 x 2 «; paraphyses filiform, about 2 » thick, apex not thickened, colourless. Peziza Grevillet, Berk., Engl. Flora, vol. v. p. 198. Mollisia Grevillei, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 180. Trichopeziza Grevillei, Sacc., Syll., vi. n. 1674. On dead stems of umbellifers. Very closely allied to, and also very closely resembling D. Berkeleii ; differing in the much shorter and distinctly clavate marginal hairs, and in the much smaller and narrower cells of the excipulum near its margin. Dasyscypha prasina. Mass. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, at first hemispherical, then expanded, becoming nearly plane, thin, waxy, soft, olive- brown, clothed with bright, rufous, slender, flexuous hairs, bright red below, colourless in the upper portion, margin incurved, about ? mm. across; disc greyish bistre or green, at length pale grey; asci cylindraceo-clavate; spores 8, fusiform straight or curved, 10-15 x 2-3 yw; paraphyses filiform. é Lachnella prasina, Quelet, Assoc. Franc., 1880, p. 13, t. ix., fig. 5; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 261. Trichopeziza prasina, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1732. On dead culms of Phalaris arundinacea in water or very damp places. Summer. Not examined. 360 FUNGUS-FLORA. Dasyscypha micacea. Mass. Scattered or gregarious, very minute, sessile, expanded, extremely tender; externally farinoso-tomentose, pale red or dilute cinnamon; disc the same colour; asci cylindraceo- clavate ; spores 8, fusiform, 3-5 x 1 «; paraphysesslenderly filiform. Peziza micacea, Pers., Myc. Hur., p. 268. Lachnella micacea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 269. On dead stems of thistle. Ascophores about 200-300 » broad. The hairs of the exterior are short, slender, and deciduous. Unknown to me. A species respecting which there is a considerable difference of opinion, and must ever be, as no type specimen exists, and from the brief description given by Persoon, I consider it is absolutely impossible to ascertain exactly the species he had in view. The above description is from Phillips, and describes the species considered by him to be Persoon’s fungus. §§ Growing on bark, wood, or branches. Dasyscypha corticalis. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, but attached by a narrow base, globose then hemispherical and expanded, up to 2 mm. across; excipulum thin, parenchymatous, irregularly polygonal, becoming very narrow and radially elongated before passing into the marginal fringe; disc pale with slight red or brown tinge; externally densely pilose, hairs best developed at the margin, where they are very numerous and of irregular lengths, cylindrical or tapering to the end very slightly, walls thin, septate, straight or slightly curved sometimes, smooth, or minutely rough with fine particles of lime, sometimes a large, irregular lump of lime occurs at the apex, or binds 2-3 hairs together, pale brown at the base becoming paler at the apex, or altogether almost colourless, 50-80 x 3-4 4; asci clavate, usually with an oblique pedicel with a knob at the end, 8-spored ; spores irregularly biseriate, narrowly fusiform, the widest part above the middle of the spore, or the apex thickened and rounded, straight or usually slightly bent, hyaline, 3-4-guttulate and at first continuous, DASYSCYPHA. 361 finally 1-septate, 16-20 x 3°5-4 «; paraphy-es slender, cylindrical, 2-3 ». thick, apex not thickened, hyaline, slightly longer than the asci. Peziza corticalis, Pers., Disp. Meth. Fung., p. 34. Lachnella corticalis, Fries, Summa Veg. Scand., p. 365; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 258; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 885. On dead bark of trees, poplar, &c. Specimens in Kunze, Fung. Sel. Exs., n. 562, and Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 112, examined. Distinguished from closely allied species by the large fusiform spores having the widest part above the middle, and by the slender, pale or colourless hairs, also by habitat. Dasyscypha barbata. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, depresso-globose and closed at first, finally nearly plane but slightly marginate, firm, 1-1°5 mm. across ; disc pallid, externally brownish, tomentose, hairs best developed at the margin, thin-walled, septate, smooth, cylindrical, obtuse or slightly swollen at the apex, rusty- brown, 150-250 x 4-5 4; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-7 . diameter ; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 1-seriate, or 2-seriate upwards, narrowly clavate, ends blunt, 2-guttulate, at length 1-septate, 9-12 x 2-2°5 «; paraphyses cylindrical, hyaline, 3-4 thick, rather pointed and usually rough at the tips, longer than the asci. Peziza barbata, Kunze, in Fries, Syst. Mye., il. p. 99. Lachnella barbata, Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 2637; Sacc., Syll.,. viii. n. 1616; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 854. On dead stems of honeysuckle, Clematis, &c. Readily distinguished among the brown species by the stout, cylindrical paraphyses, which are longer than the asci. Specimens examined in Fries’ Scler. Suec., n. 333, and Rehm’s Ascom., n. 16. Dasyscypha papillaris, Mass. Gregarious or scattered, sessile, depresso-globose and closed at first, then becoming plane, slightly narrowed towards the base, contracted when dry, whitish or pale straw-colour, externally pilose, margin very minutely denticulate, due to- the presence of slender, almost cylindrical, straight or slightly 362 FUNGUS-FLORA. wavy, slightly thick-walled, septate hairs, clear brown at the base, becoming almost colourless upwards, sometimes with crystalline granules at the tip, 80-150 x 46 p»; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal or almost circular, brownish, 6-S » diameter; asci narrowly clavate, apex slightly narrowed, pedicel stout, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, at first continuous, then l-septate, narrowly elliptic-fusoid, straight or curved, 12-18 xX 3 »; paraphyses slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza papillaris, Bull., Champ., t. 467, f. 1. Lachnea papillaris, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 257. Lachnella variecolor, Phil. Brit. Disc,, p. 259. On rotten wood. Specimens in Sacc., Myc. Ven., 1508, examined, also specimens from Montagne in Herb. Berk., Kew. Whatever the Peziza variecolor of Fries may be, I know not, but it is evident that the plant described by Phillips— Brit. Disc., p. 259—under this name is identical with DL. papillaris of the same work—p. 257—and it will be observed that Phillips has given the same quotation from Fries under both species. Dasyscypha flammea. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, subglobose and closed when young, becoming expanded, substance thin, dry, usually impreenated with particles of lime, 2-3 mm, diameter, everywhere bright red, becoming dull red with age; externally and the margin densely clothed with thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, straight or more or less wavy, pale reddish-brown hairs, which are usually rough with adhering particles of lime, 80-160 x 4-5 »; asci clavate, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, straight or slightly bent, narrowly ellipti- cal, ends obtuse, sometimes becoming I-septate, 9-14 x 3-3°5 «; paraphyses slender, cylindrical throughout. Peziza flammea, Albert. & Schw., Comp. Fung. Agro. Nisk., p. 819, tab. 1, fig. 6. Lachnella flammea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 407; Sace., SylL, vill, n. 1615. On dry, decorticated branches of willow, privet, é&c. Readily distinguished by the red colour of every part, and the densely hairy exterior. DASYSCYPHA. 363 Specimens examined in Phil, Ely. Brit., n. 72; Rehm, Ascom., n. 418, and Fries, Scler., n. 332. Dasyscypha spadicea. Mass. Ascophores scattered, sessile, base somewhat narrowed, subglobose and closed at first, then expanding, but the margin remaining erect or slightly incurved, rather dry and tough, 3-? mm. broad, dise pale bay, externally somewhat darker, and along with the margin, very shortly but densely tomen- tose, hairs tinged brown, septate, generally wavy, thin- walled, obtuse, 40-60 x 3-4 1; hypothecium and excipulum formed of slender, intricately interwoven hyphae, which pass directly into the external tomentum ; asci narrowly cylindric- clavate, apex slightly narrowed, pedicel stout, 8-spored, spores irregularly 2-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, nairowly elliptic-fusoid, 8-10 x 2°5-3 »; paraphyses slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Peziza spadicea, Pers., Myce. Eur., p. 252, Lachnella spadicea, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 258; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1623, On furze, poplar, and lime branches. Specimen in Herb. Berk., Kew, on furze, from Scotland, accepted as typical. Differs from the structure of Dasyscypha in having the hypothecium and excipulum formed of inter- woven hyphae. Dasyscypha Carmichaeli. Mass. Gregarious ; sessile or narrowed to a very short, stem-like base; turbinate then expanding, up to 3 mm. across, very pale brown, rather fleshy ; excipulum minutely parenchyma- tous; externally rather densely covered with very short, blunt, 2-3-septate, slightly curved hairs, which form a slightly irregularly fringed, whitish margin, 40-60 x 5-6 yp; asci cylindric-clavate, 8-spored ; spores irregularly biseriate, oblong-fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, con- tinuous, 6-8 X 1°5 »; paraphyses filiform, about 1°5 » thick, hyaline. Peziza grisea, Carmichael in Herb. Lachnella grisella, Cke. & Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 260. On decayed decorticated wood. Type specimen examined. The margin of the ascophore is incurved when dry. The 364 FUNGUS-FLORA. short, densely set, very slightly coloured hairs give the exterior of the ascophore a minutely scurfy appearance under a lens. I have not observed the “ perpendicularly striate” appearance described by Phillips very distinctly, and in some specimens not at all. The original specific name is antedated by Rehm. Dasyscypha tricolor. Mass. Gregarious or scattered, narrowed into a very short stem- like base, at first closed, then hemispherical, closed when dry, waxy, 1-2 mm. across; disc yellowish, externally bluish grey and villose, hairs thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, obtuse, slightly tinged grey, apex almost colourless, 80-120 x 5-6 yw, sometimes rather wavy; cortical cells small, arranged more or less in parallel rows; asci clavate, apex somewhat narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, often guttu- late, narrowly elliptical, 12-15 x 2°5-3 pw, 2-seriate; para- physes slender, cylindrical, slightly longer than the asci. Peziza tricolor, Sow., Eng. Fung., t. 369, f. 6. Lachnella tricolor, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 240. On old bark and wood. Distinguished by the bluish-grey exterior and yellowish disc. Specimen in Moug. & Nest., n. 1189, examined. Dasyscypha Stevensoni. Sacc., Syll., n. 1889. Gregarious or scattered, narrowed toa short stem-like base, subglobose and closed at first, then hemispherical, about 4 mm. across; disc pallid, externally minutely villose, very pale amber, “sugar-colour,” hairs dense, slender, thin-walled, 20-30 X 3 p, almost colourless; cortex minutely parenchyma- tous , asci narrowly clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, straight, elliptic-fusiform, 7-8 x 1:5-2 «4; paraphyses hyaline, very slender, cylindrical. Peziza (Mollisia) Stevensoni, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1485. Lachnella Stevensoni, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 235. On decorticated wood. Type specimen examined. Dasyscypha dematiicola. Mass. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, at first globose and closed, then hemispherical, finally plane, but with a distinct margin, DASYSCYPHA. 3865 3-3 mm. across; disc greyish, externally brownish with an olive tinge, minutely pilose, hairs, thin-walled, septate, cylindrical, obtuse, greyish-olive at the base, upper portion white, 40-50 x 4-5 p, longest at the margin; cortex parenchymatous, cells more or less uniform in size, olive, 5-6 y diameter; asci cylindric-clavate, apex slightly nar- rowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, narrowly elliptic-fusiform or often inclined to become clavate, straight or slightly curved, 6-9 x 1:5-2; paraphyses slender, cylindrical, hya- line, sometimes branched. Peziza dematicola, B. & Br., Aun. Nat. Hist., n. 1070, pl. 15, fig. 20. Lachnella dematiicola, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 265. Trichopeziza dematiicola, Sace., SylL, vill. n. 1707. Peziza escharodes, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1322, pl. 19, fig. 15. Octal escharodes, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 262; Sace., Syll., vili. n. 1636? On dead stems of rose and bramble, also on dead wood; sometimes growing along with a black mould. An examination of Berkeley’s type specimens of Peziza dematiicola and P. escharodes shows that the two supposed species are identical in every respect. As to whether the species described by Phillips as Lachnella escharodes—Brit. Disc., p. 262—is identical with the species of Berkeley, I am not certain ; “‘spores, 8 x 3»; vertically striate or rugose,” are characters not apparent in the type specimen. Dasyscypha secrupulosa. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, subcylindrical, at first closed, then open, the margin erect, thin, { mm. across; externally mi- nutely pubescent, hairs delicate, thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, rather closely septate, breaking-up at the septa when placed in water and slightly moved, 30-40 x 3-4 «4; whitish at the edge, pale dingy yellow, tinged greyish-olive, or greyish below; cortical cells, 4-5 » diameter; asci clavate, 8-spored, small; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, con- tinuous, linear-fusiform, 5-8 x 1:5 «4; paraphyses very slender, cylindrical. Peziza scrupulosa, Karsten, Mon. Pez., p. 178. Lachnella scrupulosa, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 272. 366 FUNGUS-FLORA. Pseudohelotium Scrupulosum, Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1222. On dead thorn, and Rubus idaeus. Very minute, when fully expanded more or less cylindrical, margin erect and acute. Specimen in Karsten, Fung. Fenn., n. 648, examined. Dasyscypha Bullii. Mass. Ascophores gregarious or sometimes clustered in small ‘groups, very minute, rarely measuring more than + mm. across, stipitate, clavate or turbinate and closed at first, then expanding until almost plane, margin often wavy, whitish, stem very short, expanding upwards, brown, attached to the substratum by brown, septate hyphae, 3-4 « thick; sub- stance very thin, excipulum parenchymatous, cortical cells very narrow and elongated in the direction from stem to margin, and terminating at the margin in delicate hyphae, 15-25 x 3 w; similar scattered hyphae springing from the cortical cells cause the outside to be slightly pubescent; asci clavate, apex rather narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, narrowly elliptical, ends rather pointed, or one end sometimes rounded, 6-8 x 1°5 » para- physes slender, hyaline, apex very slightly clavate. Peziza Bull, W. G. Smith, Gard. Chron., 1873; Grev., vol. i. p. 120, pl. 8, fig. 3. Mothsia Bullii, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 194, pl. 6, f. 35. Pseudohelotium Bullii, Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 1218. On a wooden cistern. Authentic specimen from author examined. The present species cannot bea Mollisia; the pilose exterior and very short stem gradually expanding into the turbinate ascophore, as also the structure of the excipulum, point to Dasyscypha, of which it must be considered as a degraded form. It is at the same time closely allied to such species of Mollisia as M. mali, and may be looked upon as connecting Mollisia and Dasyscypha. Dasyscypha elaphines. Mass. Greyarious, sessile, base somewhat narrowed, subglobose and closed, then expanding and becoming saucer-shaped; disc pale grey, externally pale buff, margin paler, everywhere covered with cylindrical, septate, obtuse, somewhat flexuous DASYSCYPHA. 367 hairs, 40-60 x 5-6 mw; excipulum parenchymatous, cortical cells almost quadrate, very pale, giving origin to the ex- ternal hairs, and running out at the margin into parallel, obtuse hyphae; asci narrowly clavate, tip narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, byaline, continuous, narrowly cylindrical, ends narrowed, straight or slightly curved, 8-10 x 1°5-2 yp; paraphyses slender, hyaline, tip not thickened. Peziza elaphines, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1326, ser. iv., vol. vii. p. 17, t. 19, f. 18. Mollisia elaphines, Gillet, Champ. Fr., Disc., p. 131; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 179. Pseudohelotium elaphines, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1257. On dead wood. Type specimen examined, also Cooke, Fung. Brit., n. 659, and Rab., Fung. Eur., 1813 (specimens furnished by Broome). Under a low power the outside of the ascophore looks as if dusted with saccharine granules, and is so described by Berkeley, and afterwards copied by Phillips; but when exa- mined under a power of 400 diameters, the apparent granu- lation is seen to consist of the obtuse tips of the short hairs with which the outside is covered. During expansion of the ascophore the hairs are often arranged in vertical lines. Dasyscypha siparia. Mass. Ascophore sessile on a broad base, globose then expanded and with a raised margin, 2-3 mm. across; the hypothecium consists of densely interwoven, aseptate, brownish hyphae, and these pass continuously into the excipulum, which is less densely interwoven, and finally the hyphae become irregu- larly branched, and paler free tips forming the outside of the excipulum, which is minutely pilose or furfuraceous under a lens, ochraceous, hyphae about 5 » thick, equal; asci clavate, rather narrowed at the apex, base attenuated into a narrow pedicel, 8-spored ; spores irregularly biseriate, subcylindrical, ends obtuse, slightly curved, hyaline, continuous, often 1-gut- gulate at each end, 10-14 x 2-3 »; paraphyses filiform, equal, hyaline, about 1} p thick. ; Peziza siparia, B. & Br., Aun. Nat. Hist., n. 772, ser ii, vol. xiii, 1854. 368 FUNGUS-FLORA. Lachnella siparia, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 276; Sace., Syll., viii. un. 1629. On decorticated elm branches. In clusters of 2-3. Remarkable for the structure of the ascophore, which consists entirely of interwoven hyphae, and no trace of parenchymatous tissue. Sometimes the hyphae extend on to the matrix, and form more or less of a subi- culum. Type specimen examined. §§§ Growing on ferns. Dasyscypha pteridis. Mass. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, globose and closed at first, then hemispherical, soft, about $ mm. across; disc dingy yellowish-brown, externally blackish-brown, often with an olive tinge, minutely pilose, hairs adpressed, short, those at the margin longest, thin-walled, cylindrical, obtuse, brown, usually without septa, 18-35 x 38-4 u, butirregular in length and giving the margin a minutely fimbriated appearance ; cortical cells elongated in the direction from base to margin, and running out into the marginal hairs, 6-8 x 3-4 p; asci small, clavate, apex narrowed and thick-walled, base short and stout, 8-spored; spores 2-seriate, hyaline, elliptic-oblong, 5-7 x 1:5 w; paraphyses cylindrical, slender. Peziza pteridis, Alb. & Schw., Consp. Fung., p. 328, t. 12, fig. 7. P aohnalle pteridis, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 256, pl. viii. fig. 47. Trichopeziza pteridis, Sacc., Syll., viil. n. 1745. On dead stems of bracken. Distinguished by its small size, very short hairs, dark colour, and growing on bracken. Specimens in Phil. Elv. Brit., n. 32, and Rehm, Ascom., n. 411, examined. Dasyscypha grisella. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1945. Scattered or gregarious, narrowed below into a very short, stout, stem-like base, globose and closed at first, then ex- panding and becoming saucer-shaped; disc greyish, often with a tinge of brown or yellow, externally covered with delicate, pale brown or almost hyaline, mostly septate, obtuse DASYSCYPHA. 369 hairs, 30-60 x 2°5-3 » at the margin, cortex parenchyma- tous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-8 m diameter, entire fungus thin and delicate, [-} mm. across; asci short, cylin- dric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, base rather stout, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, cylindrical or very slightly clavate, straight or a little curved, 6-9 x 1°5-2 mw; paraphyses slender, cylindrical, colourless. Helotium grisellum, Rehm, Hedw., 1855, p. 12. Phialea grisella, Rehm, Krypt.-F1., Disc., p. 737. On the under surface of dead fronds of bracken. A minute species, and difficult to detect, as it is to some extent concealed by the hairs on the surface of the frond. Specimens examined in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 766, and Rab.- Winter, Fung. Hur., n. 3572. Position doubtful. Dasyscypha stigmella. Sacc., Syll., vol. x., Suppl. n. +546. Ascophore shortly stipitate, white, or pale flesh-colour, clad with thin, flexuous hairs , mm. diameter, disc of the same colour ; ascicylindrical; spores, 8-10 x 1 «4; paraphyses. fusiform. Lachnella stigmatella, Cooke, Grev., vol. xix. p. 86. On rushes. Unknown tome. The type specimens cannot be found in Herb. Cooke, Kew. Dasyscypha callimorpha. Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 1875. Gregarious, sessile or shortly stipitate, externally tomen- tose, hairs colourless, hairs short, continuous, apex attenuated or acute, 3-4 uw thick; almost plane, contracted into a sphe- rical form when dry; disc yellow or orange-yellow, up to % mm. across; asci cylindric-clavate, 35-45 x 5 »; spores straight, linear-fusoid, 6-8-guttulate or spuriously multi- septate, 17-20 x 1:5-2 4; paraphyses subulate, 3 » thick. Lachnum callimorphum, Karst., Myc. Fenn., p. 173. Lachnella callimorpha, Phil., Grev., vol. xvi. p. 94. On dead leaves of Carex and Eriophorum angustifolium. Unknown to me. Unfortunately there is no fungus pre- VOL. Iv. 2B 370 FUNGUS-FLORA. sent in the Kew copy of Karsten, Fung. Fenn., n. 835 ; said to be the present species. If the spores become truly multi- septate at maturity, it cannot remain in the present genus. Excluded species. Peziza erythostigna, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1168, t. 4, . 31. : Lachnella erythostigma, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 254. The very meagre description, and the absence of specimens, render recognition of the present species impossible. Peziza episphaeria, Mart., Erlang., p. 465. Lachnella episphaeria, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 273. What the true species is, I know not; but, so far as Britain is concerned, the specimens I have seen belong to other species. NEOTTIELLA. Cooke. Ascophore sessile or subsessile, rather fleshy, often small, flattened or concave, externally downy, due to the presence of slender, thin-walled, hyaline or slightly coloured, septate hyphae; excipulum parenchymatous; asci cylindrical, 8- spored; spores uniseriate, elliptical, hyaline, continuous ; paraphyses present. Neottiella, Cooke, Mycographia, p. 261; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 190. Allied to Humaria, but distinguished by the downy ex- terior. Differs from Tapesia in the down being confined to the excipulum, and not extending on to the matrix as a distinct subiculum upon which the ascophores are seated, and in not growing on wood. Dasyscypha also differs in growing on plants, and the pilose species of Geopywis are distinctly stipitate. Growing on the ground. Neottiella polytrichi. Mass. Ascophore turbinate and closed when young, contracted below into a short stem-like base, becoming broadly open but not plane with age, rather fleshy, not very brittle, 4-8 im. across; disc deep orange, externally whitish, distinctly downy, the down forming a delicately fringed NEOTTIELLA. 371 margin composed of hyaline, septate, cylindrical, thin-walled hyphae that are sometimes branched, 80-100 x 6-7 p, the hyphae are often arranged in little bundles; excipulum parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base wi Ody sf yen go altel Wy eo, Roe titittbas Ve y wh Neottiella polytricht. Fig. 1, small specimens, natural size ;—Fig. 2, specimen, x 5; Fig. 3, section of portion of excipulum, x 400 ;—Fig. 4, ascus with spores and paraphyses, x 400;—Fig. 5, spores in various stages of development, x 800. to margin; cortical cells irregularly polygonal, 12-18 p, giving origin to the external hairs; asci cylindrical, apex slightly truncate, base rather suddenly narrowed into the pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, con- tinuous, ends acute, with one large median oil-globule, for 282 372 FUNGUS-FLORA. some time quite smooth, finally minutely warted, 24-28 x 11-13 »; paraphyses septate, slender below, becoming slightly clavate at the tip, which contains orange granules. Peziza polytrichi, Schum., Enum. Plant. Saellandiae, Sept. et Or., p. 423 (1803); (not of Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 87). Peziza rutilans, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 89. Peziza (Sarcoscyphae) albo-cincta, Berk. & Curt., Notices of N. Amer. Fungi, n. 726, in Grev., vol. iii. p. 154 (1875). Type examined. Neottiella ovilla, Sacc., var. flavodisca, Cke. & Mass., Grev., vol. xxi. p. 70. ; Peziza vivida, Nyl., Flora, 1865, p. 476; Phil., Brit. Disc., . 88. On the ground among moss, especially species of Poly- trichum. Peziza vivida, Nyl., as represented in Syd., Myc., March, n. 277, and the British specimens from Rannoch only differ from the typical N. polytrichi, as here interpreted, by the somewhat longer stem-like base; the spores and internal structure are identical. The fact that in N. polytrichi the spores remain for a long time smooth, and the external down to a greater or less extent disappears with age, has probably caused confusion. I can find no specimens agreeing with the fungus figured as Peziza polytrichi by Cooke in “ Myco- graphia,” fig. 50, and described by Phillips in Brit. Disc., p. 87. The species these authors have had in view evidently belongs to the genus Barlaea, but whether synonymous with any described British species depends on an examination of the type specimen. Specimens examined in Cooke, Fung. Brit., exs., nos. 188, 475, and 476; Phillips, Elv. Brit., n. 15; and Roum., Fung. Gall., n. 4045. Neottiella corallina. Mass. Scattered, sessile, hemispherical, up to 3 mm. across, disc deep coral-red, slightly concave; excipulum composed of interwoven, cylindrical or irregular, septate hyphae, 7-9 » thick; margin irregularly fimbriate with short septate hairs, 20-40 x 4-5 p; externally pale orange, downy, the hairs being irregularly branched, septate, and colourless; asci clavate, narrowed at the base into a long, slender, often NEOTTIELLA. 373 curved pedicel, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, fusi- form, often very slightly inequilateral, hyaline, continuous, 2-4-guttulate, 28-32 x 6-8 .; paraphyses filiform, septate, apex clavate and containing orange granules. Peziza corallina, Cooke, Grev., vol. iii. fig. 83; Cke., Mycogr., p. 19, fig. 30; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 102. Ascobolus coccineus, Crouan, in Fuckel’s Fung. Rhen., exs., n. 1854. Humaria coccinea, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 456. Leucoloma coccinea, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 318. Fatale — ZS NEN ist ret TY Neottiella corallina, Mass.—section of portion of ascophore, x 350. On the ground among moss, heather, &c. Superficially closely resembling Neottiella leucoloma, but distinguished by the clavate ascus, and fusiform, biseriate spores. Cooke in establishing the present species gave Ascobolus coccineus, Crouan, aS a synonym, and as a matter of course this has been copied by Phillips and Saccardo; however, I am not certain as to the identity of the two plants. Crouan, in the specific diagnosis—Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. iv. vol. vii. 1857, p. 175, pl. iv., figs. p, 15-19—of this species, says, “spores oblongues, non atténuées aux extrémités,” but in B14 FUNGUS-FLORA. his figure the spores are fusiform with acute tips. The description given above is from Cooke’s Peziza corallina, with which the specimen in Fuckel’s Fung. Rhen., n. 1854, is identical. Neottiella leucoloma. Mass. Scattered, sessile but more or less narrowed at the base, concave, then becoming almost plane, rather fleshy, 2-3 mm. across; excipulum composed of septate hyphae, 6-8 » thick and running more or less parallel; externally pale orange, margin furnished with an irregular fringe of colourless, septate hairs, 40-60 x 4-5 4; below the margin stout, thick- walled, branched, hyaline hyphae originate from the cells of the excipulum; disc orange red; asci cylindrical, base narrowed and usually slightly wavy, 8-spored; spores obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-oblong, smooth, hyaline, con- tinuous, sometimes 1-2-guttulate, 17-21 x 9-10 mw; para- physes filiform, gradually becoming clavate towards the apex, which is 4-5 mw thick, and sometimes curved. Octospora leucoloma, Hedwig, Musc. Frond., p. 13, t. 4, fig. A. ee leucoloma, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 91; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 28. anil leucoloma, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 449. Leucoloma Hedwigiti, Fckl., Symb., p. 317. On the ground among moss. Specimen in Kew Herb., named by Persoon, examined ; also Rehm, Ascom., n. 351. Closely allied to Neottiella polytrichi, but distinguished by the smaller spores, which, so far as observation goes, appear to remain perfectly smooth ; the margin and exterior is also less downy. Neottiella cornubiensis. Cke., Mycogr., fig. 309; Sacce., Syl, viii. n. 773. Ascophore 1-2 cm. across, sessile, at first hemispherical, soon plane, with the narrow upturned margin alone free; excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, large, 18-25 mw diameter, pale yellow, dotted towards the margin with short, blunt, thin-walled septate hairs, slightly coloured, 30-50 x 6-8 »; lower down the hairs take the form of colourless, septate hyphae, and fix the fungus to NEOTTIELLA. 375 the soil; disc orange; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-oblong, hyaline, continuous, at first smooth, but becoming sparsely ornamented with very minute warts at maturity, 18-22 x 12-13 »; paraphyses linear, straight, becoming clavate upwards, apex about 4 thick, hyaline. Peziza cornubiensis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. ii. vol. xiii. p. 17; (n. 767). Lachnea cornubiensis, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 229; pl. vil. f. 42. On manured ground. Sessile, $ of an inch broad, depressed, attached to the soil by villous down; margin free, clothed with delicate obtuse articulate hairs. (B. & Br.). Type specimen in Herb. Berk., Kew, examined. Neottiella microspora. Cke. & Mass., Grev., vol. xxii. p. 41. Ascophore 2 mm. to 1 em. across, sessile, fleshy, regular or deformed by mutual pressure, subglobose then expanded and the greenish yellow disc becoming quite plane or even slightly convex; externally and also the narrow slightly raised margin white, and densely clad with colourless, inter- woven, septate hyphae about 50 x 3°5 uw; asci cylindrical; spores 8, obliquely uniseriate, smooth, hyaline, elliptical, 14-15 x 7-8 »; paraphyses colourless, filiform, about 1°5 ys thick, very slightly thickened at the apex; excipulum parenchymatous, cells small. On a dunghill. Usually crowded and of irregular form from lateral pressure ; circular when growing singly. Immersed up to the margin. Disc usually pale yellow-green, sometimes sulphur-colour with only a tinge of green. Neottiella nivea. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 784. Gregarious or scattered, sessile, subglobose, snow-white, margin incurved, rather fleshy, 2-4 mm. across, contracted and closed when dry, densely clothed externally with some- what spreading straight, white, sparsely septate, subulate hairs, 150-250 x 7-10 » at the margin, where they are best developed and the walls slightly thicker than elsewhere ; excipulum and hypothecium formed of stout, hyaline, densely interwoven hyphae; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; 376 FUNGUS-FLORA. spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, 2-guttulate, ° fusiform, ends acute, straight, 28-30 x 10-12 4; paraphyses hyaline, clavate at the tip. Peziza nivea, Rowell, Bot. Notiser, 1889, p. 26. On decaying vegetable matter, pine leaves, &c., on the ground. . Allied to WV. fossulae, but distinguished by the marginal hairs—more especially—being straight, somewhat rigid, and pointed, not thin-walled, obtuse, and wavy, as in the last named species. The first British specimens were found by Mr. Rea in Mulgrave woods, near Whitby, at the meeting of the Yorks. Nat. Union Fungus Foray, Sept. 1894. Authentic specimen from Romell examined. Neottiella fossulae. Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 783. Sessile, partly immersed in the earth, closed at first, then hemispherical, finally almost plane, margin slightly incurved, entirely white, about 1 cm. across when fully expanded; ex- ternally densely clothed with hyaline, thin-walled, cylindri- cal, flexuous, septate hyphae about 6-8 » thick, towards the base of the ascophore these hyphae are branched, and attach the plant to the soil; excipulum and hypothecium formed of interwoven hyphae; cortex parenchymatous; asci cylindri- cal, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, fusiform, ends pointed, straight, usually 2-guttulate, 23-25 x 10-11 »; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, apex slightly thickened. Peziza fossulae, Limminghe, MS. in Herb. ; Cooke, Mycogr., p. 212, fig. 359. On the naked ground. Specimens from Limminghe, in Herb. Kew, examined. Distinguished from N. nivea by growing partly immersed in the earth, and also by all the external hairs being thin- walled, cylindrical, and flexuous. GEOPYXIS. Persoon (emended). Ascophore stipitate, rather fleshy, closed at first, then cup- shaped or nearly plane, externally pilose, downy, scurfy, or GEOPYXIS. 377 glabrous; stem usually slender, often tapering at the base and rooting, not longitudinally grooved or lacunose; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, elongated; paraphyses present. Geopyzis, Pers., Myc. Eur., i. p. 42; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 63 (in part). Sarcoscypha, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 78; Sace., Syll., viii. p. 153 (in part). Peziza, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 43 (in part). Growing on the ground or among dead leaves, rarely on wood. The leading characters of the genus as here understood are : ascophore large, never less than 1 cm. across, stipitate ; stem even, that is not grooved or lacunose. In Dasyscypha the ascophore is always much smaller, rarely more than 1-2 mm. across, the exterior more distinctly pilose, and the stem very short or absent. Acetabula differs in the stout, grooved or lacunose stem ; finally the species of Sclerotinia agree in the more or less elongated, slender stem, but differ in being absolutely glabrous, and in springing from a sclerotium. * Haternally tomentose or downy. Geopyxis majalis. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 247. Scattered, stipitate, margin incurved and closed when young, then expanded and cup-shaped, narrowed down- wards into the short, stout stem, rather fleshy, up to $ cm. broad; disc orange-yellow, externally and the stem white and minutely downy; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-6 » diameter; asci cylindrical, apex narrowed, 8-spored ; spores smooth, continuous, hyaline, elliptical, ends rather acute, 10-12 x 6 p, obliquely 1-seriate ; paraphyses very slender, cylindrical, hyaline. Peziza majalis, Fries, Nov. Symb. Myc., p. 120. On the ground. The above description is drawn up from a specimen in Herb. Berk., from Fries. Geopyxis coccinea. Mass. Scattered or in groups of 2-3 specimens, stipitate; at first closed, then expanding and becoming shallowly cup-shaped, 378 FUNGUS-FLORA. margin entire, 2-4 cm. across; disc clear and deep carmine, externally whitish or pinkish, delicately tomentose, due to the presence of wavy, usually aseptate, hyaline, cylindrical hyphae, 5-6 p» thick; stem 1-2 cm. long, 3-5 mm. thick, whitish and tomentose; excipulum formed of loosely inter- woven hyphae which become more closely compacted and arranged parallel at the periphery, many of the ends running out and forming the external tomentum; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores I-seriate, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, hya- line, wall rather thick and forming a hyaline border, straight, 25-30 x 8-9 4; paraphyses very slender, hardly thickened at the tips. Elvela coccinea, Scop., Carn., p. 479. Peziza coccinea, Jacq., Austr., t. 169; Phil., Brit. Disc., p- 203; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 95. Sarcoscypha coccinea, Sacc., SylL., viii. n. 618. On rotten branches lying on the ground. Spring. Readily distinguished among the large, stipitate Pezizae by the deep rose-red or carmine disc and the whitish, tomen- tose exterior. Thestem varies considerably in length; when the fungus springs from the underside of a branch, the stem is often elongated and curved. The base of the stem is attached to the branch by a mass of whitish, tomentose mycelium, and for this reason the species was placed in the genus Plectania by Fuckel. This species is abundant in early spring in some of the woods near Scarboro’, and is regularly collected and sold along with moss for decorative purposes. Var. albida. Mass. Disc cream-colour, otherwise as in the typical form. On fallen branches. Spring. Geopyxis Cookei. Mass. Crowded, rarely scattered, stipitate, fleshy, rather brittle, at first closed and globose, soon expanding and becoming shallowly saucer-shaped, often irregular in form from mutual pressure, disc yellowish ochraceous, externally paler, downy, owing to the presence of hyaline, septate, thin-walled hairs 60-80 X 8 w; 2-3 cm. across; stem 1-2} cm. long, stout, tapering to the point, pallid, downy, rooting; excipulum formed of densely interlaced septate, colourless hyphae, GEOPYXIS. 879 6-8 » thick, passing into parenchyma at the cortex, cells polygonal, 14-20 p» diameter; asci cylindrical, apex rather truncate, narrowed below into a long pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, 1-2-guttulate, elliptical, ends obtuse, verrucose, 16-18 x 10-11 4; paraphyses septate, slightly clavate. Peziza radiculata, Cooke, Grev., iii. fig. 92; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 99 (not of Sowerby). Lachnea radiculata, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 202, pl. vi. f. 38. Sarcoscypha radiculata, Sacc., Syll., viil. n. 629. On the ground in gardens, fir-woods, &c. The present species appears to have first been confounded with the true Geopyxis radiculata by Cooke, in Grevillea, vol. iii., fig. 92, which is called Peziza radiculata, Sow., and and figured with rough spores. The present species is again figured by Cooke in Mycographia, fig. 99, as P. radiculata, Sow., and we get the description of Sowerby’s fungus as given by Berkeley in Engl. Flora, t. 5. p. 192, with the additional statement that the spores are asperate. This last- named description, with a little trimming up, is given by Phillips in Brit. Disc., p. 203; finally, Phillip’s description is copied by Saccardo, Syll., viii. n. 629. The present species is at once distinguished from G. radiculata by the ochraceous hymenium, and the larger, verrucose spores. Cooke’s specimens figured in “Grevillea” and ‘“ Myco- graphia” examined. Var. Percevalii, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 203. Differing in the ascophore being notched to the base on one side, as in the genus Otidea; disc bright ochraceous. On the ground. Geopyxis radiculata. Mass. Usually more or less tufted, stipitate, at first globose and closed, then expanding and becoming hemispherical, margin usually entire, 2-3 cm. across, fleshy and rather brittle; disc clear sulphur-colour ; externally white, downy, due to the presence of thin-walled, hyaline, somewhat pointed, sparsely septate hairs, 40-60 x 5-6 p, base of ascophore usually more or less furnished with anastomosing ridges, or with irregular depressions; stem 2-3 cm. long, 4-6 mm. thick where it 380 FUNGUS-FLORA. springs from the cup, tapering to the point, buried in the ground, covered with white down; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, elliptic-oblong, ends rounded, I-2-guttulate, persistently smooth, hyaline, 14 x 7-8 p; paraphyses septate, clavate. Pexziza radiculata, Sowerby, Engl. Fung., t. 114 (not Cooke, Myocogr., fig. 99). On the ground, among manure, &c. Sowerby’s type specimen, figured in “English Fungi,” pl. 114, examined. These specimens are now in the Kew Herbarium. Found in Wanstead Garden, Essex, Oct. 13th, 1794, and in the autumn of 1795, rooted up to the cup in litter and earth. The inside is a thin lining of nearly an uniform yellow. The outer side and the radicle are white, and a little woolly; the bottom of the cup being somewhat corrugated with irregular reticulations or veins. (Sowerby). Geopyxis insolita. Mass. Scattered, stipitate, clavate and closed at first, expanding until saucer-shaped, fleshy, fragile, 1:5-2 cm. across, disc pale ochraceous-white, externally whitish, downy when young, then almost glabrous, the margin erect, acute, and often splitting ; cortex formed of hexagonal cells up to 25 » diameter; stem subcylindrical, even, smooth, whitish, 1 cm. long and up to 4 cm. thick, springing from a white, spreading mycelium; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat trun- cate, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 15-17 x 8 yw, obliquely 1-seriate; paraphyses slender, septate, very slightly clavate. Peziza insolita, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 8375; Phil., Brit. Disc., . 45. On decaying leaves amongst mould in a fig-house. Cooke says the spores measure 22-25 x 10-12 », but I find them smaller in the specimen examined. Type specimen examined. Geopyxis cocotina. Mass. Ascophore fleshy, stipitate, hemispherical, then expanded and almost plane; margin acute, often split at maturity, 1+5-2-5 om. across; excipulum parenchymatous, cells large, irregularly polygonal; externally whitish downy, due to the GEOPYXIS. 381 presence of hyaline, thin-walled hairs, 2-3-septate, and often slightly constricted at the septa, 40-60 x 6-8 »; disc pale orange colour; stem about 1 cm. long, rather slender, tapering to the point, rooting, whitish; asci cylindrical, base attenuated, 8-spored; spores obliquely uniseriate, elliptical, smooth, continuous, hyaline, 15-18 x 8-10 yw; paraphyses filiform, straight, septate, apex incrassated. Peziza cocotina, Cooke, Grev., v. p. 61; Mycogr., fig. 356. Lachnea cocotina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 206. Sarcoscypha cocotina, Sace., Syll., vill. n. 636. On cocoa-nut fibre, sawdust, &ec. Type specimen examined. Var. linteicola. Caespitose and often irregular from lateral pressure, very fragile, sessile or the base narrowed into a short stem, }-# in. across, disc tawny, remainder as in type. Peziza linteicola, Phil. & Plow., Brit. Disc., p. 64. Sarcoscypha linteicola, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 280. On damp, rotting linen cloth. Authentic specimen examined. Cups 4 to # of an inch broad; sometimes divided to the base on one side, the edges of the division involute, at others. entire, cupulate, arising from white creeping mycelium; sporidia vary much in size, and are shortly elliptical, approaching globose. The apices of the paraphyses are clavate or pear-shaped, with one or two large elliptic transparent nuclei devoid of granules. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are rather small (from 10-20 pw in diameter). (Phillips, ) Geopyxis parvispora. Mass. Ascophore stipitate, clavate at first, then expanded, up to- 3 cm. in diameter and as much in height, often distorted and confluent, more or less turbinate ; disc plane, rarely slightly concave, whitish, becoming dusky, scarcely marginate ; fleshy, soft, externally white, clad, on the stem more especially with short, hyaline down which becomes scanty upwards, leaving the margin almost naked; stem thick, variable, gradually expanding into the disc; asci cylindrical, spores. 8, obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, smooth, narrowly elliptical, ends rounded, biguttulate, 16-20 x 4-5 «; paraphyses very 382 FUNGUS-FLORA. eee scarcely thickened upwards,’ often granular exter- nally. Sarcoscypha tenuispora, C. & M., Grev., xxi. p. 121. On sticks and leaves lying on the ground. Usually attached by white mycelium to the matrix. Remarkable for the scarcely depressed disc, and the narrow spores. ** Heaternally scurfy or verruculose. Geopyxis cupularis. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 246. Ascophore stipitate, hemispherical, margin erect, irregu- larly crenulate, thin; disc fawn-colour or yellowish, exter- nally similar in colour or paler, rather coarsely scurfy ; excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 8-12 » diameter, forming irregular groups at the periphery and causing the scurfiness of the exterior; 1-2 cm. across; - stem slender, somewhat rooting, 1 cm. long, or sometimes almost obsolete, and then the base of the ascophore is often more or less puckered; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, base narrowed, 8-spored; spores I-seriate, hyaline, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, often 1-2-guttulate. 18-20 x 10-12 4; paraphyses slender, hyaline, septate, slightly clavate at the tip. Peziza-cupularis, Linn., Suec., n. 1273; Phil., Brit., Disc., p. 47, pl. iii, fig. 12. On the ground, in damp places among moss, &c. Specimens examined from Phillips, Elv. Brit., n. 155, and Rehm, Ascomy., n. 8. Possesses many points in common with G. carbonaria, as the crenulate margin, and variability in length of stem, but known by the duller colour, and broader spores. Geopyzis petaloidea. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 225. Ascophore stipitate, fleshy and firm, margin deeply and irregularly lobed and waved; disc rugose, yellowish-brown, externally dingy-brown, scurfy or verrucose, base rugose ; excipulum parenchymatous, about 1 cm. across; stem up to 1 cm. long, tapering tothe base; asci narrowly cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, verruculose, elliptical, often guttulate, 14-15 x GEOPYNIS. 383 8 #3; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened upwards, septate, hyaline. Peziza petaloidea, Cke. & Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 46. On the ground. Type specimen examined. This has scmewhat the aspect of Peziza firma in an old stage of growth. The cup is lobed, undulate, decurved at the margin; the disc is umbilicate, radiately wrinkled, 8 lines broad across the widest part; the under side of the cup is smoky-brown, minutely warted, wrinkled longitudinally near its junction with the stem, which tapers towards the base, and is 5 lines high and about 1 line thick near the middle. (Phillips.) The colours given are those seen in the dry specimen, and may be slightly different fresh. Geopyxis carbonaria. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 242. Ascophore stipitate, campanulate, then more expanded, but remaining concave, margin erect, minutely and irregu- larly crenulate, thin, disc ochraceous-red, deeper and brighter when young, externally whitish and minutely scurfy ; excipulum parenchymatous, cells 10-16 » diameter ; 1-14.cm. broad; stem slender, length very variable, in some instances 1 cm. long, in others almost obsolete, whitish ; asci cylindri- cal, base narrowed, apex rounded, 8 spored ; spores uniseriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, narrowly elliptical, ends rather narrowed, 18-19 x 7 »; paraphyses slender, slightly clavate, septate, hyaline. Peziza carbonaria, Alb. & 5z., Consp. Fung. Lus., p. 314, t. iv., f. 2; Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 49; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 284. On scorched ground, charcoal beds, &c. Allied to G. cupularis, but distinguished by the narrower and more pointed spores, and the nearly glabrous outside of the ascophore. Specimen in Rehm, Ascom., n. 702, examined. Geopyxis carnea. Sacc., Svll., viii. n. 211. Ascophore stipitate, saucer-shaped at maturity; margin usually slightly incurved; entire, thin, rather firm and elastic; disc dingy yellowish-red, externally darker and scurfy, 1-2} em. across; excipulum formed of closely inter- woven septate hyphae, passing into a parenchymatous cortex, 384 FUNGUS-FLORA. the cells growing into projecting groups to form the scurfy protuberances ; stem slender, 4-1 cm. long, brownish, base of ascophore often plicate; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, base narrowed, 8-spored ; spores obliquely uniseriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, usually 1—2- guttulate, 14-16 x 6-7 »; paraphyses slender, hyaline, septate, the slightly thickened tip often bent. Peziza carnea, Cke. & Phil, Brit. Disc., p. 48. On the ground. Type specimen examined. The present species was considered by Berkeley as “ Peziza cupularis, var.” It is, however, quite distinct from G. cupularis in the nature of the excipulum and the somewhat smaller spores. The colour is described from dried specimens only. *** Haternally glabrous. Geopyxis Bloxami. Mass., Grev., vol. xxi. p. 100. Ascophore stipitate, hemispherical, then expanding and becoming saucer-shaped, or sometimes nearly plane, thin, rather flexible, margin entire, #-14 cm. across; externally smooth and even; stem 3-1 cm. long, about 3 mm. thick, equal, smooth, even ; every part’ pale tan (in the dry state) ; excipulum formed of slender, hyaline, thin, intricately inter- woven hyphe ; these pass near the surface into a parenchy- matous cortex composed of polygonal cells, 6-8 » diameter ; asci cylindrical, apex truncate, narrowed at the base into a slender pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, 34-38 x 8-9 4; paraphyses septate, about 2 y thick, apex not thickened, sometimes branched. On the ground. Allied in the form and size of the spores, and also in the structure of the excipulum, to G. coccinea, but distinguished by colour, being glabrous externally, and in growing on the ground. Geopyxis rapulum. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 209. Ascophore stipitate, saucer-shaped then almost plane, margin entire at first, then drooping and somewhat split, GEOPYXIS. 385 thin, fragile, glabrous, translucent, varying from pale straw- colour to nearly tawny, 1 cm. or more across, externally marked with fine lines radiating from the stem; excipulum composed entirely of uniform, densely interwoven hyphae, a narrow zone at the base of the asci brownish, remainder hyaline; stem 2-3 cm. long, 2-3 mm. thick, tapering down- wards, mostly buried; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores 1- seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 12-15 x 7-8; paraphyses hyaline, filiform, tips very slightly thickened. Peziza rapulum, Bull., Champ. Fr., p. 265, t. 485, fig. 2; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 197; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 50. On the ground among pine leaves, &e. Spring. Specimen determined by Berkeley and figured by Cooke in Mycographia, fig. 197, examined. The stem is rooting and the greater part buried in the ground or among leaves, the buried portion is fibrillose, or, according to Holmskiold, Fung. Danicis, ii. p. 24, t. 9, densely clothed with ferruginous down. Gillet—Disc. France, p. 38, with fig—has figured the present species springing from an elongated, blackish sclerotium about 1 cm. long; if this be the true plant, it will have to be placed in the genus Sclerotinia, with which it agrees more closely in general structure than with Geopyzis. Geopyxis ammophila. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 238, Ascophore stipitate, at first subglobose with a small aperture, then more or less turbinate, and the margin irregu- larly split, at this stage 2-5-3'5 cm. across, finally expand- ing and becoming almost plane and up to 6 cm. across, fleshy and very brittle; externally pale brown, covered with particles of sand adhering to the gelatinised outer cells; cortical cells irregularly polygonal, 9-18 » diameter; disc brown; stem 38-5 cm. long, 4-6 mm. thick above, simple, or with 2-3 short branches; usually buried in the sand; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored; spores obliquely uni- seriate, elliptical, smooth, hyaline, continuous, 15-20 x 8-10 »; paraphyses not numerous, slender, unbranched, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza ammophila, D. & M., Fl. Alger., t. 25, fig. 2; Cooke, Mycogr., figs. 100 (copied from Flor. Alg.) & 373; Phil., VOL. IV. 20 , ‘8386 FUNGUS-FLORA. Brit. Disc. p. 49; Trail, Ann. Scot. Nat. Hist., Jan. 1893, p. 37. Among dry sand close to the upper limits of the tide- mark, usually in the vicinity of Elymus. Professor Trail, F.R.S., of Aberdeen, has given a very interesting account, in the journal quoted above, of observa- tions made on the present species, which occurs in consider- able abundance on the coast of Aberdeenshire. I have made use of this account in drawing up the specific character, and also add the following extract from the same. “The appearance varies so greatly with the age of the specimen that it would be difficult to recognise the species but for the fact that all the intermediate forms can be traced in the various groups. “From personal observation, I find the course of develop- ment to be as follows. The fungus first pushes its way through the sand as a sphere, rather flattened above, and continued below as a thick tapering stalk or “rootiug-stem.” The surface is so covered with sand as to be scarcely visible. On removing as much of the sand as is possible without injuring the tissues, the surface is seen to be very pale brown, and appears free from hairs, though under the micro- scope one finds the surface loosely covered with a downy coating. The apical half of the stalk bears a more evident mycelium. The entire fungus is fleshy and brittle, so as to render it somewhat difficult to procure perfect specimens. The stalk is peculiarly apt to break away unless very care- fully handled. On their first appearance the cups do not rise above the surface of the sand which they much resemble ‘in colour. The smallest that I have seen were about half an inch in diameter, or rather less, and the only indication of the opening of the cup was a small hole in the middle of the upper surface. The cups continue to enlarge, and the central hole widens, remaining circular and still surrounded by an entire inflexed margin, so that the brown hymenium ‘lining the interior is in full view. When the cup has reached a diameter of about an inch, it has assumed the form ‘figured in Cooke’s ‘Mycographia,’ figures 100, 373. The margin becomes split rather irregularly by the more rapid ‘growth of the adjacent tissues; and the cup becomes ‘turbinate. The proportions of the cup vary a good deal. GEOPYXIS. 387 I have found them in this stage upwards of 13 inches (42 mm.) in diameter. The tissues lining the cup continues to increase; and at last the hymenium may become only slightly concave, or flattened, or even slightly convex, so as to resemble greatly Peziza ancilis, Rehm (a species that I have found in Aberdeenshire in April, on ground covered with old sawdust). In this condition I have found examples exceeding 24 inches (60 mm.) in breadth. Geopyxis undata. Mass. Gregarious, stipitate and rooting, fleshy, disc slightly concave, afterwards expanded, then reflexed, generally corru- gated, yellowish, buff, grey, purple, or pallid, 1-2 mm. across ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores elliptic, smooth, 10 x 5 yp, obliquely 1-seriate; paraphyses stout, enlarged upwards. Peziza undata, W. G. Smith, Grev., vol. i. p. 136, pl. 10, figs. 1-2; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 279; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 79 ; Sacc., SylL., viii. n. 320. On stems of tree-ferns, Veitch’s Nursery, Chelsea. Specimen in Herb., Kew, communicated by the author, examined, but unfortunately the structure of the ascophore could not be determined. Remarkable for the small spores. The asci show no trace of blue when treated with iodine. Geopyxis muralis. Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 245. Gregarious, stipitate, concave at first then nearly plane, firm, centre fleshy, becoming thin towards the margin. glabrous, entirely pale clay-colour, 4 mm. to 1 cm. across; stem 2—4 mm. long, rather slender; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores l-seriate, hyaline, continuous, smooth, elliptical, 14 x 8 mw; paraphyses very slender, not thickened at the tips. Miia muralis, Sow., Eng. Fung., t. 251; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 48. On clay. A somewhat doubtful species. I can find no plants on the lumps of clay in the Kew Herb., on which the type speci- mens, figured by Sowerby, grew. The description of the asci, spores, and paraphyses are from a sketch by Phillips, who had examined the type before all the specimens had decayed. 2 tw a 388 FUNGUS-FLORA. ANTHOPEZIZA. Wettstein. Ascophores stipitate, solitary or several springing from a common base, piriform and closed at first, then funnel-shaped, the crenate margin spreading, externally and the stem pubescent ; hypothecium, excipulum, and cortex formed of slender, densely interwoven hyphae; asci cylindrical, apex truncate, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, fusiform, 3-5-septate at maturity; paraphyses slender, septate. ; Anthopeziza, Wetts., Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, 1885, p. 382. Allied to Geopyxis, but distinguished by the large, fusi- form spores being 3—5-septate at maturity. Anthopeziza mirabilis. Mass. Scattered, ascophores growing singly, or several springing from the same base, stipitate, at first piriform and closed, then funnel-shaped with the crenate margin more or less spreading, rather fleshy and brittle, 3-1 cm. across; disc bright crimson, externally white, tomentose, stem 2-4 cm. long, slender, slightly thickened upwards, white, tomentose, more or less rooting; hypothecium and excipulum formed of septate, interwoven hyphae, which run out as thin-walled, cylindrical hairs to form the external down; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1- seriate, hyaline, smooth, elliptical, ends pointed, for a long time continuous and 3-5-guttulate, then becoming 3-5- septate, 45-50 x 15-16 1; paraphyses slender, septate, apex not thickened but septate with crimson granules, sometimes brauched. Peziza mirabilis, Borszczow, Fungi Ingrici, p. 61, tabs. 4-5 (1857); Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 93 (spore incorrect in shape and size); Phil., in Grev., vol. xvii. p. 83. Sclerotinia baccata, Fckl., Symb. Mye., p. 331, tab. ‘iv. fig. 38 (one spore). Anthropeziza Winteri, Wettst., Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, 1885, p. 383 with fig. Among pine leaves, also among grass. Specimens collected by Professor W. H. Trail, F.R.S., growing in clusters of 2-6 among grass, on the banks of ANTHOPEZIZA—SEPULTARIA, , 38a the Dee, near Ballater, accepted as typical. The spores remain continuous and 3-5-guttulate for a considerable time, finally becoming 3-5-septate, but the appearance of the septa is very erratic, sometimes one at a short distance from each end are first formed, sonietimes a median one. Saccardo —Syll., viii. n. €22—has given the present species as a synonym under Sarcoscypha protracta, Fries; this is certainly a mistake, as proved by examination of specimens of the last-named fungus from Fries. Fuckel, in describing his Sclerotinia baccata, queries the presence of a sclerotium, no such structure was found by Dr. Trail in the Scottish specimens, neither does the structure of the ascophore and the villous exterior suggest the genus Sclerotinia. In Symb. Myc., Append. ii., p. 65, Fuckel identifies his fungus with a species described as Microstoma hyemale by Milde in Bot. Ztg., 1852, p. 208, and in consequence alters the name to Sclerotinia hyemalis (Milde) Fuckel. If Milde’s species is actually identical with the fungus described above, the name should be Anthopeziza hiemalis. SEPULTARIA. Cooke (emended). Ascophore large, sessile, subterranean, globose, and com- pletely closed when young; during growth the apex is ruptured in a more or less stellate manner, exposing the disc, and the fungus protrudes above the surface of the ound, rather fleshy, colour dingy; externally densely clothed with matted, thin-walled, cylindrical, septate hairs, or almost glabrous; asci cylindrical, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, smooth, elliptical ; paraphyses present. Sepultaria, Cooke, Mycographia, p. 259 (as a section of Peziza). Terrestrial. Distinguished from Peziza by being sub- terranean at first, and completely closed, finally rupturing at the apex in a stellate manner, hence the margin is broken up into pointed teeth. Probably a primitive type of the Pezizae. Sepultaria sepulta. Mass. Ascophore at first subterranean, becoming more or less 390 “ FUNGUS-:FLORA. exposed at maturity, depresso-globose and entirely closed’ when young, then opening by a small mouth, the margin becoming split into pointed segments to a greater or less’ extent, 2-5 cm. across; disc yellowish-brown, externally yellowish-brown or dingy, densely villose and more or less’ coated with sand or earth, hairs cylindrical, simple or frequently branched, septate, coloured, elongated and in- tricately felted, 6-10 » thick; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 18-22 x 10-12 ».; paraphyses slender, septate, the brownish apex slightly thickened. ; Peziza sepulta, Fries, Nov. Symb. Myc., p. 126; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 112. a Lachnea sepulta, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 209, pl. vi. fig. 39; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 684. Peziza geaster, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., nos. 956 and 1162, pl. iv. fig. 26; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 114. Lachnea geaster, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 210; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 693. : In the ground. The type specimens of P. geaster, B. & Br., are somewhat smaller in size than specimens of P. sepulta, Fr., specimens of which, named and communicated by Fries, are in Herb. Berk., but in other respects the two are identical. Sepultaria arenicola. Mass. Ascophore sessile, subterranean, subglobose then ex- panding, but the margin remains persistently more or less, incurved, and usually becomes split and irregularly toothed, 1-2 cm. across; waxy; clothed externally with a dense coat of flexuous, interwoven, septate, brown hairs 4-5 u thick; excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 15-30 ys diameter, passing into a closely packed row of parallel, slightly clavate, elongated, septate cells at the margin, olive-brown; disc pale tan-colour or brownish, sometimes with a tinge of pink; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, base narrowed into a pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely uniseriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends rounded, usually 1-guttulate, 20-22 x’ 11-12 »; paraphyses filiform, straight, slightly clavate, 4 » thick at the apex. - pine - SEPULTARIA. 391 Peziza arenicola, Lév., Ann. Sci. Nat. (1848), vol. ix., p. 140; Cke., Mycogr., p. 66, fig. 118. Lachnea arenicola, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 210; Sace., Syll., n. 694, Peziza Blozami, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 121. Lachnea arenicola, var. Bloxami, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 211. In sandy ground. Subterranean at first, then as the fungus expands, the sand is pushed away and the disc exposed. The outside woolly coat of the fungus is completely covered with particles of sand. Specimen from Léveille in Herb. Berk. examined. Cooke’s specimens of P. Blorami, which I have examined, agree exactly in size, structure, and habit with the present species. Sepultaria Sumneriana. Mass. Ascophore subterranean, globose, and closed at first, then splitting at the apex into irregular portions, becoming rather broadly expanded, and partly raised above-ground, rather fleshy, 2°5-5 cm. across; disc pale ochraceous with a pinkish tinge, externally brown and densely villose, hairs elongated, wavy, cylindrical, septate, coloured, 7-10 » thick; ascl cylindrical, 8-spored; spores smooth, hyaline, con- tinuous, elliptical, ends acute, often 2-guttulate, 28-30 x 11-13 s; paraphyses slender, septate, the brown tips clavate. Peziza lanuginosa, var. Sumneri, Berk., Linn. Trans., xxv., pl. 55, fig. 1; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 111. Lachnea Sumneriana, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 213; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 618. On the ground, under conifers. Spring. Distinguished from S. sepulta by the large, acute-pointed spores, aud by the larger ascophore. Type specimen examined. Sepultaria semiimmersa. Mass. Ascophore 3 mm. up to 1 cm. across, sessile, semi- immersed in the ground, hemispherical then expanded, some- times becoming almost plane, margin unequal and irregularly torn; dise pale ochraceous with a tinge of dingy flesh- colour or sometimes pale brick-red; externally paler and 392 FUNGUS-FLORA. slightly pubescent. owing to the presence of stout, septate hyphae springing from many of the large cells of the exci- pulum ; asci almost cylindrical, base attenuated, spores 8, obliquely uniseriate, elliptical, smooth, hyaline, usually 1-2 guttulate, 16-21 x 9-10 »; paraphyses numerous, form- ing a large curve at the apex, which is only very slightly or not at all thickened, but often showing a slight tendency to become nodulose, sparingly septate or aseptate, colourless, about 3 » thick. - Peziza semiimmersa, Karsten, Monog. Pez., p. 117; Mye. Fenn., i. p. 45; Cke. Mycogr., f. 46; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 95. _ Humaria semtimmersa, Sacc., Syll., n. 568. _ On damp naked ground, especially when of a sandy nature. Gregarious and more or less immersed. Specimen in Karsten’s Fung. Fenn. Exs.,n. 724, examined. Very much the colour of the soil, and buried half-way in the ground. The disc is more decidedly flesh-colour. (Phil.) Sepultaria coronaria. Mass. Subterranean at first, then bursting through and becoming partly exposed ; subglobose and closed at first, then splitting from the apex in a stellate manner into 5-8 pointed teeth which spread or even become reflexed with age, 6-12 cm. across, often furnished with a short, stout, stem-like rooting base; excipulum fleshy, rather brittle, composed of colour- less septate, interwoven hyphae, mixed with large vesicular cells; disc varying in colour from dark purple to rosy; ex- ternally pallid with tinge of blue or brownish purple, glabrous; asci narrowly cylindrical, very long, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores obliquely uniseriate at the upper part of the ascus, hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, often 2-guttulate, 14-18 x 7-8 »; paraphyses fili- form, apex clavate, hyaline. Peziza coronaria, Jacq., Misc,, p. 140, t. 10; Sacc., Syll, n. 287; Phil, Brit. Disc. p. 68; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 238. Peziza macrocalyx, Smith, Journ. Bot., 1869, p. 345, t. 98. On the ground under trees. Spring. Specimen in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 602; also W. G. Smith’s specimen of P. macrocalyx, examined. CARNOSAE. 3938 CARNOSAE. A. Spores globose. * Spores hyaline. Barlaea. ** Spores coloured. Sphaerosoma. Ascophore persistently subglobose, wrinkled. Curreyella. Ascophore plane, even. B. Spores elliptical or fusiform. * Spares septate. Masseea. ** Spores continuous. t Ascophore sessile or subsessile. Humaria. Ascophore small, rarely 1 cm. across, fleshy, sessile on a broad base. Peziza. Ascophore large, 2-10 cm., fleshy, scurfy outside. Otidea. Ascophore elongated and split down one side, or vertically incurved and very wavy. ** Ascophore stipitate ; stem stout and longitudinally grooved. Acetabula. C. Ascophore sessile, expanded and crustlike or discoid from the first ; fixed by rhizoids or fibrils springing from the under surface ; spores hyaline, continuous, elliptical or fusiform. Rhizina. 394 FUNGUS-FLORA. BARLAEA. Sace. Ascophore sessile, more or less fleshy, closed at first, then gradually expanding until almost or quite plane, glabrous ; disc often brightly coloured ; cortex parenchymatous; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores globose, hyaline, epispore often ornamented; paraphyses present. Barlaea, Sace., Syll., viii. p. 111. Peziza, of many authors. Closely resembling Humaria in size, habit, and general appearance, but readily distinguished by the perfectly globose spores. Growing on the ground. * Disc red or orange. } Epispore smooth. Barlaea constellatio. Sacc., Syll., n. 417. Ascophore 2-3 mm. across, sessile, rather fleshy, coucave then almost or quite plane, entirely vermilion with a tinge of carmine, margin quite entire, rather thick, similarly coloured; cells of excipulum large, 12-16 ,» diameter, glabrous except for the presence of thick, colourless, septate hyphae near the base of the ascophore; ascus cylindrical above, narrowed below to a narrow, often oblique base; spores @, globose, hyaline, not usually guttulate, persistently smooth, 11-13 p diameter; paraphyses cylindrical, curved at the apex, which contains red granules when fresh, about 1°5-2 p thick. Peziza constellatio, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1620, ser. 4, vol. xvii. p. 142; Phil, Brit. Disc, p. 86; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 81. On the ground; gregarious but not crowded. So far as [T have been able to ascertain from an examina- tion of the type and other specimens, the spores remain \ . perfectly smooth at maturity. Closely resembling Barlaea cinnabarina in its early condi- BARLAEA. 395 tion before the spores become reticulated, but distinguished by the much larger cells of the excipulum and smaller spores. } Epispore rough. Barlaea Crouani. Mass. Ascophore 3-1 cm. across, fleshy, sessile, urceolate then hemispherical, at length almost plane, externally and the disc dark orange-red or scarlet; margin membranaceous, more or less jagged, spreading or reflexed, whitish ; glabrous, the external large cells of the excipulum giving off stout, colourless, septate hyphae near the base of the ascophore; asci cylindrical above, attenuated below into a narrow base; spores 8, uniseriate, globose colourless, uniguttulate, 16-18 » diameter, perfectly smooth for a long time, then furnished with rather strong raised ribs that anastomose to form an irregularly polygonal network, the meshes averag- ing about 2 » diameter; paraphyses straight, gradually increasing in thickness from near the base to form a clavate apex 3-4 » thick, septate, sometimes branched. Ascobolus miniatus, Crouan, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. x. p. 197, t. 13, f. 44-47 (1858). Ascobolus Crouani, Cooke, Journ. Bot., 1864, p. 151, f. 3. Peziza Crouani, Cke., Grev., vol. iii. fig. 61; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 17; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 84. Barlaea miniata, Sacc., Syll., n. 416. On the ground among tufts of moss, and on the top of walls. Cooke’s type specimen examined. Differs from B. cinnabarina in the straight, clavate paraphyses. Barlaea Wrightii. Sacc., Syll., n. +22. Ascophore about 2 mm. across, sessile, rather fleshy, hemispherical then expanding and becoming almost plane, margin entire, rather thick, every part scarlet, becoming paler when dry; externally minutely papillose, especially when dry, due to unequal contraction of the external cells, otherwise glabrous, cells of epithecium in irregularly parallel rows, much elongated in the direction from base to apex ; asci cylindrical, narrowed downwards into a slender 396 FUNGUS-FLORA. base; spores 8, uniseriate, globose or sometimes with a tendency to become elongated, hyaline, uniguttulate, fox a long time quite smooth, eventually minutely but distinctly papillose, 10-12 », diameter; paraphyses very gradually becoming clavate from near the base, rather stout, septate, often irregularly nodulose or irregularly branched, 38-4 pu thick at the apex. Peziza Wrightii, Berk. & Curtis, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1064; ser, 3, vol. xv. p. 15, pl. 15, fig. 16; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 86; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 18. Among moss on trunks. Type examined. Readily distinguished when quite mature by the spores being sparsely ornamented with minute, blunt papillae; during the immature stage, when the spores are smooth, the present species can be distinguished from allies by the stout, irregularly nodulose or branched paraphyses and the cells of the excipulum being elongated in a direction from base to margin. The spores are not echinulate as described and figured by Berkeley and Phillips, the minute warts being very short and blunt. Barlaea cinnabarina. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 418. Ascophore 2-4 mm. across, sessile, fleshy, concave then expanded, margin obtuse, entire, everywhere vermilion with a tinge of carmine, not changing colour; excipulum con- sisting of rather small-celled parenchymatous tissue, glabrous, basal cells of the excipulum giving origin to stout, septate, colourless hyphae which fix the plant to the soil; spore bearing portion of ascus cylindrical, tapering below to a narrow, usually oblique base ; spores 8, uniseriate, globose ; hyaline, 1-guttulate, 16-18 » diameter, for a long time perfectly smooth, then ornamented with very thin and slightly raised lines that anastomose to form an irregular polygonal network, diameter of mesh about 24-3 mw; para- physes numerous, 1} » thick, cylindrical, not at all thickened upwards, curved at the apex. Peziza laetirubra, Cooke, Grev., iii. f. 56; Cooke, Mycogr., f. 20; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 85. Crouania cinnabarina, Fuckel, Symb. Myc., Append. ii. p. 64. On sandy ground, among moss, &c. BARLAEA. 397 Cooke’s type specimen examined, also Fuckel’s Fung. Rhen., n. 2481. The present species is closely allied to B. Crouani, but is quite distinct, and readily distinguished by the perfectly cylindrical, slender paraphyses, curved at the apex; the very delicate reticulation on the surface of the mature spore, and the coloured, entire, thick margin of the asco- phore. Cooke’s specimens are identical with those in Fuckel’s exs., n. 2481, and the latter is undoubtedly the species described by Fuckel, whose name has priority. Barlaea astroidea. Sacc., Syll., n. 415. Ascophore about 1 mm. across, sessile, rather fleshy, ‘oncave then almost plane, the whitish ragge1 margin erect or spreading, disc and externally deep orange-yellow; glabrous with the exception of scattered, colourless, stout septate hyphae originating from the large external cells of the excipulum, and attaching the fungus to the soil; spore bearing portion of ascus cylindrical, tapering below to a narrow, usually oblique base; spores 8, uniseriate, globose, 14-15 p» diameter, hyaline, 1-guttulate, perfectly smooth for a long time, then covered with exceedingly delicate ridges, anastomosing to form an irregular polygonal network, the meshes averaging 1'5-2 » diam.; paraphyses numerous, becoming gradually clavate from near the base, apex about 4 yu thick, containing coloured granules, septate. Peziza astroidea, Hazslinszky, in Cooke’s Mycogr., p. 29, fig. 49. Op onied leucoloma, Karst., Myc. Fenn., i. p. 63. On the ground among tufts of moss. I have examined the specimen sent to Dr. Cooke by Professor Hazslinszky of Eperies, and find the spores in several asci are ornamented as described above, in other asci the spores are absulutely smooth. The paraphyses are sometimes more or less curved. Very closely allied if not identical with B. Crouani ; the only constant point of difference being in the more delicate nature of the ridges on the surface of the wall of the mature spore in the present species. Examination of a series of living specimens will be necessary to demonstrate the permanency or otherwise of this slender point of distinction. 398 FUNGUS-FLORA. ** Disc dingy violet or purple. Barlaea violascens. Mass. Ascophore 4-6 mm. across, sessile, hemispherical then expanding, margin irregularly and minutely jagged; every part of a dingy violet colour; glabrous, usually furnished with whitish thread-like fibres at the base, which is some- times whitish; excipulum parenchymatous, cells rather large, tinged with violet; asci cylindrical, base attenuated, apex rounded, very long; spores 8, uniseriate, globose, hyaline or often with a violet tinge, smooth, uniguttulate, 8-9 » diameter; paraphyses filiform, cylindrical, about 2 » thick, often curved at the apex. Peziza violascens, Cke., Mycogr., p. 46, f. 83; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 88. Ascobolus Persoonii, Crouan, Flor. Finist., p. 56. Barlaea Persoonti, Sacc., Syll., n. 438. Damp sandy ground among moss. The dingy violet colour and globose spores characterise the present species. *** Disc brownish. Barlaea areolata. Mass. Ascophores scattered, sessile, soft and fleshy, closed and globose when young, then expanding and becoming plane or slightly convex, immarginate, glabrous, dark brown, 2-3 mim. across; hypothecium and excipulum parenchymatous, passing at the periphery and margin into parallel, somewhat clavate, septate, brown hyphae; asci cylindric-clavate, apex rounded, base narrowed into a curved pedicel, 8-spored ; spores uniseriate, globose, hyaline, ornamented at maturity with thin raised ridges 8-4 », high, anastomosing to form an irregular network, 30-36 yw, diameter; paraphyses numerous, septate, becoming gradually clavate upwards from the middle, 7-9 » thick at the brown tips, longer than the ascl. Boudiera areolata, Cooke, Grev., vol. vi. p. 76, pl. 97, figs. 12-15; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 285, pl. xi. fig. 58; Sace., Syl, viii. n. 21265. On naked ground in damp places. BARLAEA. 3899 Type specimen examined, also specimen in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 451 (called Plicaria tracheia). Distinguished by the dark brown colour of the ascophore and the large, areolate spores. ; The present species is the type of the genus Boudiera, founded by Cooke—Grev., vol. vi. p. 76—and which he considered as belonging to the Ascoboleae and allied to Ascobolus, differing in the globose spores. In the description of Boudiera, Cooke says the hymenium is papillate and the _asci exserted; this point I have not been able to corroborate, but I find the paraphyses constantly longer than the spores. The structure of the excipulum differs from that of the Ascoboleae, and would be unique in that group, whereas it agrees well with Barlaea and Humaria. Phillips says the spores are “deeply areolate, hyaline, brownish ;” I have not seen the brown colour in the specimens examined. Barlaea schizospora. Sacc., Syll., iv. n. 442. Ascophore sessile, 4-7 mm. across, urceolate then plane, brown with a tinge of red, then brown, disc sometimes paler, margin entire; externally minutely granular or pruinose; cells of excipulum polygonal, thin walled, very large, 30-50 p diameter; attached to the matrix by hyaline septate hyphae originating from the basal cells of the excipulum ; asci cylindrical, tapering at the base to form a pedicel; spores 8, uniseriate, hyaline, permanently smooth, 1-guttu- late, 12-16 » diameter ; paraphyses stout, septate, expanding -into a clavate or pyriform apex 4 p» thick, and containing - brownish granules when fresh. Peziza schizospora, Phil., Grev., vol. iii. fig. 59; Phil., Brit. -Disc., p. 87; Cke., Mycogr., f. 80. On burnt sandy soil, charcoal, &e. On examining a portion of the type specimen, sent by Phillips to Berkeley, I observed a few free spores correspond- -ing in size with the spores of the present species, but -minutely papillose; all the spores, however, that were in the asci, and therefore certainly belonging to this species, were perfectly smooth, and even if it is eventually shown that the spores become ornamented, yet the species will be readily distinguished by the very large, hexagonal cells of the excipulum. 400 , FUNGUS-FLORA. Cup 2 to 3 lines broad; the nucleus of the sporidia become free when the epispore is ruptured. The external cells of the cup differ from those of hinnulea (B. & Br.), and it has not any short hairs, as that species has. (Phil.) SPHAEROSOMA. Klotzsch. Ascophore partly subterranean, unequally globose, rather fleshy, entirely closed or with a minute aperture at the apex ; internally more or less convolute, hymenium covering the external surface; texture parenchymatous, cells large; asci large, cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores 1-seriate, globose, hyaline or brownish, epispore ornamented; para- physes septate. Sphaerosoma, Klotzsch, in Deitr., Flor. Boruss., n. 467; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 56. The present genus was removed by Saccardo—SylL, viii. p. 56—from the Tuberaceae to the Discomycetes on account of its structure being most in accordance with the last named, and in this respect I consider he is certainly right. The genus appears to be intermediate between the two groups, and allied to such true Pezizae as P. vesiculosa, and more especially to the genus Sepultaria. Growing partly buried in the ground or among heaps of dead leaves. Sphaerosoma ostiolatum. Tul, Fung. Hypog.,, p. 183, pl. xix., fig. 1; Cooke, Hdbk., p, 746, fig. 351; Sacc., Syl, viii. n. 178. Irregularly globose, surface nodulose or with wavy folds, internally cavernous and opening at the apex by a small perforation, rather soft, brown, about 1 cm. across; texture parenchymatous, cells irregular, 12-20 » diameter; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores 1-seriate, globose, pale brown at maturity, the epispore studded with elongated, obtuse, unequal, hyaline warts, 20-22 » diameter; para- physes septate, broadly clavate, longer than the asci. Under leaves among loose mould. The adult plant is strongly plicate, and of a rich mulberry brown (B. & Br.). SPHAEROSOMA—CURREYELLA. 401 _ Specimens in Herb. Berk., Kew, collected by the late €. E. Broome, M.A., near Bristol, examined. CURREYELLA. Mass. (u. g.) Ascophore sessile, fleshy, rather large, expanded at maturity ; excipulum pseudoparenchymatous; asci cylin- drical, 8-spored; spores globose, 1-seriate, coloured at maturity; paraphyses septate, clavate. Peziza, Currey, Linn. Trans., vol. xxiv. p. 493. Distinguished by the discoid ascophore and the perfectly globose spores, which in the British species are clear brown, and rather coarsely warted at maturity. Distinguished from Detonia, as defined by Saccardo, by the coloured spores. Sphaerosoma differs in the ascophores being persistently irregularly globose and crumpled. Curreyella radula. Mass. Ascophore sessile, at first globose and closed, becoming expanded and saucer-shaped, rather fleshy, 2-3 cm. diameter, disc brown, or with a red tinge, externally blackish, warted, the warts formed by outgrowths of the large, polygonal, cortical cells; excipulum parenchymatous; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, pedicel short, stout, oblique, 8-spored ; spores 1-seriate, globose, warted, pale brown at maturity, 21-23 p; paraphyses rather stout, septate, clavate, tip 5-6 pw thick. Peziza radula, B. & Br., Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xviii. Ls 77 (1846); Phil., Brit. Disc., ?- 71, pl. iv. fig. 17. Phaeopezia radula, Sace., Syl, vill. n. 1959. On the ground in woods. Type specimen examined. Cup depressed, sessile, nearly an inch across, black ex- ternally, broken into nearly equal, distinct, subconical warts, like thuse of Genea verrucosa; hymenium of a dark vinous brown; asci large, obtuse; spores large, globose. rough with obtuse, distinct tubercles; paraphyses septate, with the ultimate articulation clavate. (B. & Br.) Curreyella trachycarpa. Mass. Ascophore at first subglobose and closed, soon becoming VOL. Iv. 2D 402 FUNGUS-FLORA. expanded, discoid, and applanate; when old often irregular, recurved, and wavy, very frequently umbilicate, almost sessile or contracted to a short, stem-like base, then more or less obconic; 1-6 cm. across; disc blackish brown, often with an olive or purple tinge. more or less scabrid or tuberculate, externally granulated, dingy brown ; excipulum pseudoparenchymatous, peripheral cells largest and running out into irregular groups forming the granular exterior; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores ‘globose, l-seriate, for a long time hyaline and smooth, finally becoming clear palo brown and rather closely covered with blunt warts, 10-14 » diameter; paraphyses septate, tips clavate and filled with brown granules. Peziza trachycarpa, Currey, Linn. Trans., vol. xxiv. p. 493,’ t. 51, figs. 3-5; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 257; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 65, pl. iii, fig. 15. Detonia trachycarpa, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 395. Peziza leiocarpa, Currey, Linn. Trans., vol. xxiv. p. 493, t. 51, figs. 4 and 8; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 256; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 66. Detonia leiocarpa, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 394. On the ground, especially where fires have been. An examination of the type specimens shows clearly that Currey’s P. leiocarpa is nothing more than the young stage of his P. trachycarpa. The spores are smooth and colourle:s at first and also smaller than at maturity; every transition trom the smooth, hyaline spore to the coarsely warted, brown condition is shown in the specimens. F C. foveata (Fckl.) Mass., somewhat resembles C. trachycarpa in general appearance, but differs in the globose, pale brown spores being perfectly smooth, 10 » diam. At present only known from Germany. MASSEEA. Sacc. Ascophore sessile, somewhat fleshy, concave then becoming plane, glabrous, brightly coloured ; excipulum parenchy- matous; asci clavate, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, elongated, hyaline, 3-5 septate; paraphyses present. Masseea, Saccardo, SylL, viii. p. 488. * MASSEEAe 403 Agreeing with Humaria in size, habit, and structure of the ascophore, but differing in the septate spores. Masseea, quisquilarum. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 2017. Ascophores gregarious, sessile, at first globose and closed, then expanding and becoming concave or plane, fleshy, glabrous, clear yellow, 2-3 mm. across; excipulum paren- . Masseea quisquilarum, Sacc.—Fig. 1, nat. size;—Fig. 2, ascophores, ‘slightly x ;—Fig. 3, sections of same, slightly x ;—Fig. 4, portion of excipulum x 400;—Fig. 5, asci and paraphyses, x 400;—Fig. 6, free spores, x 500. chymatous, cells subquadrate or polygonal, 6-8 » diameter, running out in more or less parallel series at the surface and margin ; asci broadly clavate, apex somewhat truncate, base narrowed into a slender pedicel, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, narrowly fusiform, straight or 2pn2 404 FUNGUS-FLORA. slightly curved, 3-5 septate at maturity, 23-25 x 5-6 p: paraphyses slender, hyaline, scarcely thickened at the tips. Peziza quisquilarum, B. & C., Journ. Linn. Soc., vol, x. p- 366, n. 670. i On frdgments of decaying twigs, &c., on the damp ground. Type specimen examined. HUMARIA. Fries. Ascophore sessile, fleshy, closed at first, finally becoming saucer-shaped or plane; glabrous, at all events for some distance downwards from the margin, the lower portion in some species giving origin to numerous hyphae which form a spreading subiculum ; cortical cells polygonal, often run- ning out into parallel, septate hyphae and forming a minutely fimbriate margin; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores continuous, hyaline, elliptical or fusiform, obliquely 1-seriate ; paraphyses present. Humaria, Fries, Syst. Mys., ii. p. 42 (as a subgenus of Peziza) ; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 118 (in part). The species are generally small, rarely reaching 1 cm. in diameter. Closely allied to Peziza, which differs more | especially in the ascophores being larger, and granular or scurfy externally. Neottiella differs in being distinctly vil- lose or downy outside. The species of Tapesia agree with certain members of the present genus in having a tapesium, but are distinguished by growing on wood. The species of Mollisia also grow on plants. Growing on the ground. ° * Disc red, orange-red, or yellowish. Humaria Chateri. Sacc., Syll., vili.n. 457. | Densely caespitose, rarely scattered, sessile, fleshy, ‘closed at first, then expanded ; margin erect or slightly incurved, minutely fimbriate, dark brown; disc deep orange-red or crimson, externally pale reddish-brown, 3~1 cm. across, often: irregular in form from mutual pressure; hypothecium and excipulum parenchymatous, cortical cells irregularly poly- HUMARIA. . 405 gonal, running out at the margin into parallel, crowded, clavate, obtuse, 3-5-septate, reddish-brown hyphae slightly constricted at the septa, 30-45 x 7-9 uw; asci cylindrical, apex slightly truncate, 8-spored; spures obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, epispore minutely reticulated, 13-16 x 7.8 »; paraphyses septate, tips slightly clavate and containing red granules. Peziza Chateri, W. G. Smith, Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 9, with fig.; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 62; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 89. On damp paths, road-scrapings, &c. A very beautiful and distinct species. I have seen it covering the sides of a damp path and extending for more than a hundred yards, showing as a crimson streak at a considerable distance away. Humaria humosa. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 458. Gregarious, sessile, fleshy, closed at first, then expanding until saucer-shaped or almost plane, glabrous, margin rounded, thick; disc blood-red, 3-5 mm. across; cortex pa- renchymatous; asci cylindrical, apex truncate, 8-spored ; spores obliquely I-seriate, smooth, hyaline, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, often 2-guttulate, 19-22 x 10 ym; paraphyses slender, slightly clavate, sometimes branched. Peziza humosa, Fries, Obs. Myc., p. 309; Cke., M) cogr., fig. 25; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 92. On the naked ground in damp places. Specimen in Cvoke, Fung. Brit., n. 475, examined. Humaria haemastigma. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, closed at first, then gradually expand- ing until plane or slightly convex, glabrous, rather fleshy, about 4+ mm. across, vermilion to carmine, margin entire ; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, con- tinnous, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, smooth, 18-20 x 10-12 p, 1-seriate; paraphyses rather stout, septate, apex very slightly clavate, 4 » thick; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 6-8 » diameter. Octospora haemastigma, Hedwig, Musc. Frond., t. 5, fig. B. Peziza haemastigma, Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 107; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 70. Pyronema haemastigma, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 405. A406 FUNGUS-FLORA. On whitewashed walls and on mortar. ad . Distinguished by the minute, almost blood-red ascophore, large elliptical spores, and habitat. _ Specimen collected at Pen-y-Gwryd, by Broome, and now in Herb. Berk., Kew, accepted as typical. Humaria rutilans. Sacc., Syll. viii, n. 518; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 960; figs. 1-4, p. 918. Humaria rutilans, Sacc.—Fig. 1, group of fungi, natural size ;—Fig. 2, ‘sections, natural size ;—Fig. 3, section of excipulum ;—Fig. 4, ascus with spores and paraphyses ;—Fig. 5, free spores in various stages of develop- ment ;—Fig. 6, spore showing structure of episphore at maturity. Figs. 3-5, x 400; fig. 6 x 800 (drawn from specimen named by Fries). Ascophore sessile, attached by a very short central point, subglobose and closed at first, then expanding and becoming quite plane, fleshy, margin entire, sometimes slightly raised, at others somewhat drooping ; }-1 cm. across; disc orange- red or sometimes almost crimson, externally paler and below the margin very minutely downy; excipulum parenchymatous, ' HUMARIA. 407 cells irregularly polygonal, large, cortical cells, 12-16 » dia- meter; asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base into a slender, often curved pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends blunt, often 2-guttulate, at first smooth, finally very minutely reticulated, 13-15 x 8-9 we; paraphyses septate, slender, often branched below, apex clavate, 6-8 thick, containing orange granules. Pexiza rutilans, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 68 (1823) (not of Phil, Brit. Disc.), Specimen named by Fries, and now in Kew Herbarium, examined, ‘On the ground among moss, &c. Sometimes solitary, at others gregarious, fleshy, brittle. Fries placed P. rutilans in his tribe Humaria, of which he says, “‘ Cupula nec pruinosa, neque vere villosa, ” Syst. Myc., ii. p. 67, hence it is somewhat remarkable that it should have been confounded with the species called P. polytrichi, which is truly villose. The present species has been confused with Neottiella poly- trichi (Schum.) in this country. For synonymy and con- sultation of exsiccati relating to the two species mentioned, see “ Grevillea,” vol. xxi. p. 107. Humaria Piggotti. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 545. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, seated on a thin, downy white hypothecium, subglobose and closed at first, then saucer-shaped, rather fleshy, 3-4 mm. across, dise pale brick- red, externally paler; hypothecium and excipulum formed of branched, irregularly swollen hyphae often thickened at the point of bifurcation; these hyphae become denser at the periphery or cortex, and give origin below the margin to slender, branched, aseptate hyphae, which attach the fungus to the substratum, and also form the thin subiculum; asci eylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-se- riate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptical, ends blunt, 15-17 x 8-9 »; paraphyses numerous, very slender, not thickened at the tips. « Peziza Piggotit, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 769; Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 106. On plaster ceiling. Mycelium white, downy, but not spreading very widely, 408 FUNGUS-FLORA. running up the base of the hemispherical or cyathiform cups, which are about 2 lines broad, margin generally acute. (B. & Br.) Distinguished at once by the peculiar structure of the hypothecium and excipulum. Type specimen examined. Humaria convexula, Quélet, Enchir. Fung., p. 288 ; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 547, Scattered, sessile, somewhat immersed, plane then rather convex, slightly marginate, fleshy, soft, glabrous, reddish- yellow or ochraceous with a tinge of flesh-colour, sometimes dull orange, 1-2 mm. across; hypothecium and excipulum formed of strings of stout sausage-shaped cells, constricted at the distant septa and often branched, cortex parenchy- matous; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores 1- soriate; hyaline, continuous, smooth, 1-2-guttulate, ellip- tical, ends rather acute, 22-25 x 10-12 »; paraphyses slender, septate, tips clavate, 6-8 » thick, and cong ts reddish vil-globules. Peziza convexula, Pers., Obs. Myc., ii. p. 85; Mycvgr., fig. 36; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 95. Peziza chrysophthalma, Gerard, Bull. Torrey Club, vol. iv. n. 12. On naked soil, also among moss. Specimen in Fuckel’s Fung. Rhen., n. 1875; a specimen in Herb. Cooke, Kew, from Gerard, also examined. Humaria pilifera. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 464. Scattered, sessile, hemispherical and closed at first then expanding until almost plane, rather fleshy, 1-2°5 mm. across, margin erect or very slightly incurved, minutely fimbriate, pale, disc orange-red ; externally similar in colour, and sprinkled with very delicate, thin-walled, septate hairs which become more numerous downwards ; cortex parenchy- matous, cells irregularly polygonal, 10-18 » diameter; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-se- Tiate, continuous, hyaline, smooth, broadly elliptical, ends blunt, 1-guttulate, 15-18 x 9»; paraphyses slender, septate, often branched, clavate and filled dias cree oil-globules .at the apex, which is sometimes bentw HUMARIA. 409 Peziza pilifera, Cooke, Mycogr., p. 50, fig. 92; Phil. Brit., Disc., p. 43. Leucoloma ascoboloides, Rehm, Ascom., n. 54 (not P. asco- boloides, Mont., nor De Not., nor of Schweinitz). On sandy ground, often among moss. Somewhat approaching the genus Neottiella, but appearing to have more affinity with certain species of Humaria, as H. omphalodes, H. subhirsuta, &c. The external hairs are ex- ceedingly delicate and cobweb-like, and are difficult to see in dried specimens. Specimens examined in Rehm’s Ascom., nos. 54 and 854. Humaria carbonigena. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 506. Gregarious or usually densely crowded and irregular from mutual pressure, sessile and applanate; disc plane or slightly convex, often undulate, orange-yellow, sometimes pale yellow or with a tinge of brown, externally paler, extreme margin brownish; rather fleshy, 3-8 mm. across ; hypothecium and excipulum formed of interwoven, hyaline, septate hyphae which are inflated into large pyriform or subglobose cells at intervals, and passing into a parenchy- matous cortex, of irregular, polygonal cells 10-18 y broad, these run out at the margin into short, obtuse, septate, brown hyphae; numerous brown or sometimes almost hyaline, septate hyphae spring singly or in clusters from the cortical cells, and attach the fungus to the substratum ; asci cylindrical, apex slightly truncate, 8-spored, spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, elliptical, ends rather acute, usually 2-guttulate, 19-22 x 9-11 »; paraphyses septate, containing orange granules, clavate tip 6-7 p» thick. Peziza carbonigena, Berk., Flora Tasm., ii. p. 274; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 29; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 103. On charcoal-beds, scorched places, &c. Type specimen examined. The species was founded on specimens from Tasmania, with which British specimens agree in every respect. The colour of the disc varies from pale, clear yellow, through orange-yellow, to yellowish brown, or even a tinge of flesh-colour. Sometimes the specimens do not as a rule exceed 2 mm. in diameter, at others they average much more. 410 FUNGUS-FLORA. _ ‘Var. fusispora, Mass. Ends of the spore acute; cortical cells 30-45 p diameter ; hyphae springing from the cortical cells mostly hyaline, and forming a delicate white down round the ascophore; in other respects as in typical form. : Peziza fusispora, Berk., Hook. Journ., 1846, p. 5; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 103; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 32. Humaria fusispora, Sacc., Syll., n. 520. On charcoal, also among heather. Type examined. Var. aggregata, Mass. Ascophores densely gregarious, narrowed at the base, orange, surrounded at the base with white down, 1-14 mm. across ; otherwise as in typical form. Peziza aggregata, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1155. Peziza fusispora, var. aggregata, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 104. Humaria aggregata, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 521. On heathy ground. Type examined. Var. Scotica, Rab., Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 104. Varying from nearly white to orange or blood-red. On heath and turfy ground. Not seen. Humaria omphalodes. Mass. Crowded, often forming crust-like expansions, sessile, seated on a white tomentose subiculum which is very con- spicuous when fresh, somewhat conical or cylindrical when young, then becoming plane or slightly convex, rather fleshy, about 1 mm. across, orange-yellow, orange-red, or pinkish; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 6-9 » diameter, giving origin below+the margin to hyaline, septate, branched hyphae which form the subiculum; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1- seriate, hyaline, smooth, elliptical, ends obtuse, 11-13 x 6 y; :paraphyses slender, septate, slightly thickened at the tips. _ Peziza omphalodes, Bull., Champ. Fr., p. 264, t. 485, f. 1; -Phil., Brit, Disc., p. 106; Cooke, Mycogr,, fig. 65. ' Pyronema omphalodes, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 400. . HUMARIA. 411 On burnt ground, charcoal, and cinders. Colour of ascophore variable, orange, reddish, or pink. ‘The spores appear to be a little larger in Continental than British specimens. The subiculum is more evident in the present than allied species. Specimens examined in Phil, Elv. Brit., n. 109, and Fuckel, Fung. Rhen., n. 1218. Humaria melaloma. Mass. Caespitose or gregarious, sessile, closed at first, then gradually expanding until almost plane, rather fleshy, 3-4 mm. across, often wavy or distorted from lateral pressure; dingy orange, margin minutely irregular, darker ; ‘cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly hexagonal, 8-12 p across, running out at the margin into tufts of cylindric- clavate, obtuse, usually 1-2-septate, brown hairs, 30-40 x 7-10 yw; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored; spores vbliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, elliptic- oblong, ends obtuse, usually 2-guttulate, 15-18 x 8; paraphyses slender, septate, slightly clavate. Pyronema melaloma, Fckl., Symb. Myce., p. 319; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 401. Peziza melaloma, Cke., Mycogr., fig. 67; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 109. On the ground, especially where burnt. Near to H. subhirsuta but differing in the dingy colour of the ascophore; darker, minutely irregular margin, and in the paraphyses not originating in clusters. Patouillard considers the present to be distinct from the Peziza melaloma of Persoon; this I have no means of ascertaining; it is ‘certainly Pyronema melaloma of Fckl., Fung. Rhen., n, 1221. Humaria macrocystis. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 467. Ascophores gregarious or scattered, sessile, cup-shaped then almost plane, margin entire, slightly raised, glabrous ; disc slightly concave, orange-red, externally brownish, glabrous above, furnished with numerous septate, coloured -hyphae springing from the basal cells of the excipulum, and fixing the plant to its substratum; excipulum parenchy- matous, inner cells small, cortical ones large, mostly hexagonal, up tv 35 » diameter; asci cylindrical, 8-spored : spores hyaline, elliptic-oblong, smooth, usually 2-guttulate, 412 FUNGUS-FLORA. 18-20 x 8-9 4; paraphyses septate, the clavate tips filled with orange granules when fresh. : ’ Peziza macrocystis, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 63; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 91. . Peziza subhirsuta, var. macrocystis, Cooke, Grev., vol. i. p. 129, © On burnt ground. . ‘'ype specimen examined, also specimens in Cooke, Fung. Brit., ed. ii. n. 651, and Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 59. Humaria axillaris. Sacc., Syll., n. 507. Ascophore about 1 mm. across, sessile, fleshy, disc only slightly depressed, orange; margin thick, obtuse; externally similarly coloured, base paler, glabrous except towards the base where stout septate colourless hyphae spring from the cells of the excipulum, and attach the fungus to the moss on which it grows; asci cylindrical, apex obtuse, base narrowed into a pedicel; spores 8, obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, smooth, elliptical, ends obtuse, usually with 1-2 large guttulae, 17-24 x 7-10 »; paraphyses numerous, slender, apex slightly clavate and filled with orange granules when fresh. Peziza asaillaris, Nees, Syst., p. 258, f. 267; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 93. In the axil of the leaves of several species of moss. This species is evidently a Mollisia, and is placed here by mistake. The fungus is probably a true parasite, as it ovcurs on living mosses, seated in the axil of a leaf, and attached by stout white hyphae. ‘The spores are variable in size, but I have not. found them so small as indicated by Phillips, either in British or continental specimens. Humaria ollaris. Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 513. Gregarious or usually crowded, sessile, closed and hemi- spherical at first, then expanded and more or less plane, up to 1} em. across; disc orange-yellow, externally paler, margin minutely downy, especially when young, due to the presence of cylindrical, obtuse, septate hairs, 12-18 » thick ; excipulum composed of radially parallel septate hyphae, passing into parenchyma of large polygonal cells at the cortex ; asci cylindrical, 8-spored:; spores obliquely 1-seriate, HUMARIA. 413 hyaline, smooth, usually 1~2-guttulate, rather narrowly elliptic-fusoid, ends rather acute, 26-30 x 8 «4; paraphyses septate, the strongly clavate apex 8-10 p thick. Peziza ollaris, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 68; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 56; Phil., Brit. Dise.,p.102.° | On the ground among moss, in plant-pots, &c. The present species hovers between Humaria and Neottiella, agreeing with the last-named in having soft, thin-walled, septate hairs at the margin, especially when young, after- wards becoming almost or quite glabrous. The above description covers what is, in the opinion of Berkeley, Cooke, and Phillips, the true P. ollaris of Fries, which is described as follows in Syst. Mye., ii. p. 68 :— Closely gregarious, without a trace of a stem, fleshy- waxy, fragile, hemispherical, at length expanded, and oblong or wavy from mutual pressure; externally naked, but when young the margin is furnished with fascicles of whitish, inflexed hairs. When young 2-4 lines, at length up to 1 in. broad. Very frequent in Swedish pine woods among moss and fallen pine leaves. Summer and autumn. (Fries.) {Humaria roumegueri. Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 515. Gregarious, sessile, fleshy, orbicular, margin distinct, thin and membranaceous, erect, paler than the clear orange- yellow disc, externally pale yellow, glabrous, 3-4 mm. diameter ; hypothecium formed of stout, interlaced hyphae ; excipulum parenchymatous, cortical cells large, somewhat hexagonal, 20-35 » diameter; asvi cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, smooth, hyaline, usually 1-2 guttulate, elliptic-fusoid, ends narrowed, 24-27 x 9 p; paraphyses slender, apex rather abruptly and strongly clavate and often curved, filled with orange granules when fresh. ; ; Pexiza roumegueri, Karsten, Grevillea, vol. vii. p. 65. On damp earth. Specimen from Karsten examined. Karsten states that this species is distinguished from allies—H. fusispora, Berk.—by the paraphyses alone becom- ing blue with iodine; this reaction, however, I find is not evident after the specimen has once been dried. The typical form, as described above, has not been cal- 414 FUNGUS-FLORA. lected in Britain, but is included, as the following variety is British. ] - Var. carnosissima. Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 104. Ascophores cylindrical, sessile, crowded, very fleshy, rather cylindrical in form, apex truncate, almost immar- ginate, orange-yéllow, glabrous, about 1 mm. across, spores 16-20 x 6-7 »; paraphyses only very slightly thickened at the tip, otherwise as in the typical form. On decaying vegetable matter. Specimen in Elv. Brit., n. 158, examined. Cup 4 a line across. Much ‘crowded; disc barely de- pressed, so that the cups can hardly be called cups except in, outline, being fleshy to the top. They have no erect, thin, membranaceous margin, as the type has, nor are the apices of the paraphyses clavate. The cells of the exterior of the cup are moderate-sized—20-30 » diam. (Phil.) Humaria granulata. Sacc., Syll., n. 503. Ascophore 1-3 mm. across, gregarious or scattered, sessile, globose then almost or quite plane, rather fleshy and soft ; disc deep orange or brick-red, externally paler and granulose or wrinkled, otherwise glabrous; asci cylindrical, narrowed at the base into a short, usually oblique pedicel, dehiscing by a minute lid at the apex, which remains attached on one side, spores 8, obliquely uniseriate, elliptic-oblong, ends. obtuse, eguttulate, smooth, hyaline, size variable, 15-20 x 8-10 «; paraphyses very stout, broadly clavate, 5-6 « thick at the apex, which is filled with red granules, septate, especially towards the base. ' Ascobolus granulatus, Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 285. Peziza granulata, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., p. 258, t. 433, f. 3; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 94; Cooke, Myc gr., f. 39. On cow and horse dung. Developme during ‘the ‘autumn and winter; often almost covering the dung. Differs from Lachnea stercorea, Gill., in the absence of the large marginal” hairs; the latter also develops at a different season, of the year—spring and summer. The present species shows very clearly the mode’ of dehiscetice of the asci by an apical lid, which remains attached to the ascus on one side after the spores have éscaped, agreeing in this respect with many of the Ascoboleae. HUMARIAY. 415 The paraphyses are remarkably stout, clavate, distinctly septate, and filled with orange-red granules upwards. Humaria maurilabra. Sacc., Syll., n. 474. Scattered, sessile, fleshy, concave, up to 4 cm. across ; excipulum parenchymatous, cells large, irregularly poly- gonal, external ones brown, 15-25 », diameter, running out at the margin into parallel, obtuse, septate, brown hyphae that are more or less fasciculate, giving the margin a slightly crenulate appearance ; numerous thick, elongated, branched and septate brown hyphae spring from the lower cells of the excipulum, and attach the fungus to the matrix ; disc flesh- red or almost orange; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8- spored ; spores elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, smooth, hyaline, continuous, usually 2-guttulate, 15-20 x 7-8 », uniseriate, paraphyses filiform, apex clavate, orange, 4-5 yu thick, rarely forked above. Peziza maurilabra, Cooke, Grev., vi. p. 64; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 388 ; Phil., Brit. Disc., p, 94. On chips and on the ground. _ Type specimen examined. This somewhat resembles P. melaloma (A. & 8.), but the external cells and margin are distinctly different. (Cooke.) Humaria glumarum. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 504. Ascophores gregarious or crowded, sessile, but attached by a central point; when young globose and closed, ex- ternally covered with delicate white down; glabrous and expanded, slightly concave or nearly plane when mature, often wavy, disc orange-yellow, margin 1ather torn or irregular, whitish, 5-8 mm. broad; cortical cells rather large, polygonal, excipvlum parenchymatous ; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, smooth, straight, 16-18 x 9-10 »; paraphyses septate, becoming gradually clavate upwards. Peziza glumarum, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. xv. p..129 (1841); Phil., Brit. Disc., p, 97.. On chaff. Spring. Specimen in Desu., Cr. France, ser. i., n. 1054, examined, _ The present species should be included in the genus Mollisia, 416. FUNGUS-FLORA, Humaria stibhirsuta. Mass. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, closed at first, then gradually expanding until almost plane, margin entire, thickish, rather fleshy; disc clear but rather pale orange- yellow, externally paler, 3-4 mm. across; cortex paren- chymatous, cells irregularly polygonal; 8-14 « diameter, the external ones giving origin to septate, thin-walled, hyaline hyphae that fix the plant to the ground, a few scattered, short hyphae are present on the above-ground part of the exterior of the ascophore; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores. obliquely. 1-seriate, continuous, . hyaline, broadly elliptical, ends obtuse, 17-18 x 10 »; paraphyses slender, septate, cylindrical or very slightly thickened at the apex, orange, remarkable for springing in clusters of 4-10 from a common basal cell. Peziza subhirsuta, Schmn., Flora Danica. t. 1787, fig. 1; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 108; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 66 (colour too dingy). Pyronema subhirsutum, Sace., Syll., viii. n. 403. On the ground in damp places. Characterised by the paraphyses springing in clusters from a common cell near the base. Specimens in Rabenh.-Winter, Fung. Eur., n. 2748, examined. Humaria xanthomela. Sacc., Syll., n. 495. Ascophores gregarious, sessile, but narrowed to a very short, stout, stem-like base, rather fleshy, 2-4 mm. across, soon plane or slightly convex, disc yellow, externally blackish brown and minutely rough, owing to the dark- coloured, projecting ends of hyphae which are more or less clustered in groups; excipulum and hypothecium formed of slender, hyaline; interwoven hyphae; asci narrowly cylin- drical, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, continuous, hyaline, smooth, elliptical, ends obtuse, 10-12 x 5-6 yp; paraphyses cylindrical, very slender, sometimes branched. ' Peziza,. xanthomela, Pers.. Syn, Fung., p. 665; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 41; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 97. On the ground on decayed pine leaves, also on rotten pine wood. us : Readily distinguished by the peculiar structure of the HUMARIA. 417 ascophore, and the rough exterior departing in these points from the typical structure of Humaria. The mature asco- phores resemble superficially the apothecia of some lichens. Specimen in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 403, examined. ** Dingy purple or violet. Humaria Phillipsii. Cke., Mycogr., p. 48, fig. 88; Sacc., SylL., viii. n. 553. ‘ Scattered, fleshy, sessile, globose then concave, finally expanding, 4-1 cm. across, disc blackish-purple; externally a little paler, margin often rather irregular; subiculum parenchymatous, cells more or less circular or polygonal, 10-18 y» diameter, internally with a lilac tinge; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored; spores obliquely uni- seriate, elliptical, ends rather acute, hyaline, continuous, coarsely warted, warts hemispherical, 24-28 x 11-12 p; paraphyses slender, septate, apex clavate, 4-5 p. thick, tinged lilac. Peziza Phillipsii, Cke., in Phillips, Brit. Disc., p. 90. Ascobolus amethystinus, Phil., Grev., iv. p. 84. On damp sandy ground. Type specimen examined. Humaria violacea. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 597. Ascophores gregarious, subsessile, contracted into a very short, stout base; fleshy and succulent, brittle, closed and almost globose when quite young, then becoming saucer- shaped, finally expanded with the disc more or less undulate and the margin wavy; disc dark brown with a violet tinge, the violet colour becoming more pronounced as the fungus dries ; outside pale violet near the margin, covered with a dense white down near the base, 1-2:5 cm. across; hypo- thecium composed of interwoven hyphae, which pass in the excipulum into subglobose cells 25-35 » diameter, but mixed with. hyphae and inflated cells, cortex parenchy- matous, cells small; asci cylindrical, apex truncate, base stout, often somewhat bulbous, 8-spored; spores obliquely uniseriate, hyaline, smovth, continuous, elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, usually 2-guttulate, 12-14 x 7-8 »; paraphyses slender, apex often rather wavy, clavate, yellowish-brown. . VOL. Iv. 25 418 FUNGUS-FLORA. Peziza violacea, Persoon, Syn. Fung., p. 639; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 81. _ On the ground, especially where fires have been, or on charcoal. Persoon says it also occurs on rotten trunks. Specimen ramed by Fries examined; also specimens determined by Berkeley. Very beautiful’ specimens of this species were found on burnt ground in Wyre Forest, near Worcester, by Mr. Carleton Rea. When quite young the fungus is almost black, afterwards becoming umber-brown, with just a tinge of violet; as the fungus loses moisture the violet colour becomes more decided; but apparently always toned down with brown. When fully developed, large specimens spread out close to the ground, surface more or less wavy or nodulose, and the margin irregular. Humaria exidiiformis. Sacc., Syll., n. 468. Gregarious or almost confluent, fleshy, sessile, but fixed by a narrowed base, orbicular, becoming almost plane, up to 4 mm. across, entirely dingy purple, glabrous; disc rugulose, the wrinkles often anastomosing; excipulum parenchy- matous, cells polygonal, 12-18 « diameter; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored; spores broadly elliptical, hyaline, continuous, uniseriate,- smooth, often 2-guttulate, 15-17 X 10»; paraphyses filiform, apex slightly clavate, hyaline.” : \ Peziza exidiiformis, B. & Br., Aun. Nat. Hist., n. 1480 ; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 81. On silver sand and very rotten wood. Type specimen examined. ; The present species is not a good Humaria nor Peziza, the base is tuo much narrowed; when moist it is rather gelatinous, and contracts very much, and becomes rigid when dry, almost suggesting Ombrophila. Examination of living specimens will alone settle this point satisfactorily. , Humaria hepatica. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 554, Gregarious, sessile, fleshy and watery when fresh, con- tracted and concave when dry; globose and closed at first, then expanding until saucer-shaped or almost plane, dingy ‘purplish-brown 2-4 mm. across; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 12-25 2 across, running out in - HUMARIA, 419 clusters, making the exterior minutely granular’and the margin irregular; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptical, ends rounded, 20-23 x 10-12 p, obliquely 1-seriate; paraphyses _ Septate, sometimes ncdulose, slightly clavate. Peziza hepatica, Batsch, Elench., fig. 138; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 85; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 99. On the ground; and on rabbit’s dung. Spring. Distinguished by the purple-brown or liver-coloured ascophore. Specimen in Cooke’s Fung. Brit., ed. ii. 191. Humaria purpurascens. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 476. Scattered or gregarious, narrowed into a more or less distinct, short, stout, stem-like base, campanulate then expanded, fleshy, glabrous, often somewhat irregular in outline, entirely dingy livid-purple, 1-2 cm. across, flexible and rather inclined to be gelatinous when moist; excipulum and hypothecium formed of interwoven hyphae, which run out, especially at the margin, into parallel, septate, obtuse, closely packed, purple-tinged hyphae ; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, _ hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, usually 2-guttu- late, 18-21 x 7 4; paraphyses slender, slightly clavate. Peziza purpurascens, Pers., Myc. Eur., p. 242, t. 12, fig. 10; Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 97; Mycogr., fig. 276. On the ground. Not a typical Humaria, exceptional in the structure of the ascophore, and the flexible rather than brittle substance. © Specimen in Cooke’s Fung. Brit., ed. ii., n. 543, examined *** Entirely dingy green. Humaria jungermanniae. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 584. Ascophore 1-2 mm. across, sessile, fleshy, every part deep verdigris green, convex then almost plane, quite glabrous, excipulum composed of small parenchymatous cells; asci clavate, attenuated below into a thin pedicel; spores 8, uniseriate or often irregularly biseriate upwards, smooth, hyaline or tinged with green at maturity, guttulate, 15-18 x 8-9 »; paraphyses numerous, about 1°5 yw thick below ; 252 ‘420 FUNGUS-FLORA. apex clavate, sometimes constricted in a beaded manner, deep green, often branched. Peziza jungermanniae, Nees, in Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 144; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 101; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 87. Ascobolus jungermanniae, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1082, t. 16, f. 23. On the ground among hepatics. Resembling Chlorosplenium aeruginosum in colour, but dis- tinguished by structural characters, and in growing on the ground. The spores are sometimes slightly clavate or irregularly elliptical. The apex of the ascus is irregularly torn during dehiscence. Corrugated and blackish green when dry. ¥**k* Disc salmon-colour. Humaria salmonicolor. Sacc., Syll., n. 470. Gregarious ; sessile, concave then plane or slightly convex and with the margin adpressed, fleshy, about 3 mm. across, glabrous; disc salmon-colour ; excipulum tinged red, paren- chymatous, cells irregularly circular, 12-20 » diameter; asci rather broadly clavate, narrowed to a slender base, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate above, 1-seriate below, smooth, hyaline, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 18-22 x - 10-12 «; paraphyses slender, septate, apex slightly clavate. Peziza salmonicolor, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1158, t. iv., fig. 19; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 48; Phillips, Brit. Disc., . 98. Damp ground, sides of ditches, &. Type specimen examined. A fine species, well marked by the broadly clavate ascus having the spores irregularly 2-seriate in the upper portion ; the plane or slightly concave disc, and large cells of the excipulum, from which stout, hyaline, septate, branched hyphae are given off near the base. Humaria Keithii. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 472. Minute, gregarious or crowded, sessile, fleshy, turbinate, then expanded, dull salmon-colour, glabrous; disc nearly plane, margin obtuse; asci cylindraceo-clavate; spores 8, oblong-elliptic, smooth, 15-18 x 7 «; paraphyses scarce or none, HUMARIA. 421 Peziza Keithii, Phil, Myco. Scot., p. 308; Brit. Disc., p. 98. This species has an outline much commoner amongst the Ascoboli than the Pezizae, being thick and fleshy, the disc only slightly depressed, the plant forming a flattened sphere. Unknown to me. The above description is from Brit.. Disc., p. 98. Humaria domestica. Mass. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, seated on a delicate white subiculum formed of branched, septate, hyaline hyphae, at first almost cylindrical then expanding until saucer-shaped or almost plane, slightly fleshy, about 3 mm. across, salmon- colour or yellowish with a pink tinge; cortex parenchy- matous, cells irregularly polygonal, 8-10 » diameter, giving origin, especially below the margin to delicate white hyphae, which fix the plant to the substratum, and run off to form the subiculum ; asci cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, elliptical, ends obtuse, 17-18 x 9 «; paraphyses slender, septate, slightly clavate. Peziza domestica, Sow., Fungi, t. 351; Phil., Brit. Disc., . 107. : Peziza pluvialis, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 90. Pyronema domesticum, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 407. On damp plaster, also on burnt ground and damp paper. Very close to H. omphalodes, differing in the somewhat larger spores, and less developed subiculum. Sowerby’s type specimen, now in Herb., Berk., Kew, examined. ¥**E® Disc reddish-brown or umber. Humaria cervaria. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 566. Gregarious or crowded, sessile, thick in the centre, thin at the crenulate margin, glabrous, chestnut-brown; disc concave, waved; asci cylindrical, abruptly narrowed at the base; spores 8, oblong-elliptic, smooth, eguttulate, 15 xX 7 mw; paraphyses linear, abundant, forked at the apices. = 422: FUNGUS-FLORA. Peziza cervaria, Phil., in Stevenson’s Myco. Scot., p. 308; Brit., Disc., p. 100. On roedeer dung. Ascophore $—2 lines broad. This species closely resembles P. hepatica (Batsch), but differs in having much smaller spores, and slenderer para- physes, not thickened at the apices, and forked. Not examined. The above is from Brit. Disc., p. 100. Humaria Oocardi. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 571. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, orbicular, minutely scabrid externally and pallid-brown or rufous brown, disc sometimes dingy orange-brown, plane or slightly convex, fleshy, blackish and collapsed when dry, 3-5 mm. across; hypothecium, excipulum and cortex dense, texture indistinct, somewhat gelatinous; asvi stout, cylindrical, tips rounded, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, broadly elliptical, ends blunt, often 1-2-guttulate, 18-20 x 12 «4; paraphyses septate, tips brown, clavate, 6-8 » thick. Peltidium Oocardti, Kalchbr., in Rab., Fung. Eur., n. 521. Peziza Oocardii, Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 47; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 98. On stones among fresh-water algae, in streams, also on rutten pine-wood. ts Karsten’s var. ligniaria only differs in growing on wet rotten wood. — : Specimen from Kalchbrenner examined, also Rab., Fung. Eur., n. 521, and Karsten, Fung. Fenn., 636. Humaria macrospora. Fckl., Symb. Myc., p. 328; Sacc., SylL, viii. n. 576. Ascophore sessile, at first closed and subglobose then expanding and becoming almost plane and scutellate, fleshy, fragile, glabrous, blackish-chestnut, 1-14 cm. across; exci- pulum parenchymatous, cortical cells 15-20 » diameter ; asci narrowly cylindrical, base narrowed into a long, slender pedicel, 8-spored; spores obliquely 1-seriate, hyaline, con- tinuous, elliptical, ends rather acute, distinctly warted at maturity, 20-22 x 10 », paraphyses slightly thickened at the brownish tips, septate. Peziza macrospora, Wallroth, Crypt. Germ., ii. p. 500 (1831-33); Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 77 (spores smooth by error). HUMARIA. 423 Peziza brunneo-atra, Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. ii., vol. vi p. 244 (1836); Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 76. On the naked ground. Fuckel, in describing the spores of H. macrospora does not state whether they are rough or smooth, but quotes Fung Rhen., n. 1223, in which the spores are distinctly warted Cooke drew the figure in Mycographia, n. 77, and prepared the diagnosis of H. macrocarpa from Fuckel’s specimens, Fong. Rhen., n. 1223, and figured and described the spores as smooth, but there is a MS. note on the figure stating that the spores were afterwards found to be warted. Specimens in Desm., Cr. France, ser. i, n. 826, and in Fuckel’s Fung. Rhen., n. 1223, examined. Humaria misturae. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 565. Scattered or crowded, sessile, depresso-globose and closed at first, becoming plane or slightly convex, with an im- perfectly upraised ‘margin, rather fleshy, 1-3 mm. across, glabrous, chestnut-brown or sometimes almost brick-red; cortex parenchymatous, cells almost oblong, arranged in parallel series, 6-7 x 4 y; asci rather broadly cylindrical, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, continuous, broadly elliptical or sometimes almost globose, often 1-guttulate, ‘12-14 X 10 p, 1-seriate ; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, irregularly branched, tips often rather closely septate, and constricted at the septa, pyriform or sometimes not enlarged. Peziza misturae, Phil., Gard. Chron., Sept. 4, 1880, with a fig.; Brit. Disc., p. 100. First found on a mixture of lime and cow-dung spread on the trunks of apple-trees; beautiful specimens were after- wards found on the ground by Mr. H. T. Soppitt, near Bradford. The cells forming the exterior of the cup are narrowly cylindrical and parallel; the paraphyses are remarkable from their habit of branching frequently, and from their pyriform or moniliform summits, which characters distinguish it from P. excidiiformis, to which it has a slight resemblance. (Phillips. ) Humaria bovina. Sacc., Syll, viii. n. 580. Ascophores gregarious, sessile, with an obconic base, expanded, umber colour, glabrous; disc umbilicate, waved ; 424 FUNGUS-FLORA. margin paler, up to 1 em. broad; cortical cells very large, 70 pdiameter; asci cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores oblong-elliptic, smooth, 19 x 9 »; paraphyses scarce or pone. ; tPeziza bovina, Phil., in Stev., Myco. Scot., p. 308; Brit. Disc., p. 101. On cow-dung. August, . Unknown to me. The above description is from Brit. Disc., p. 101. Humaria viridaria. Mass. At first globose and closed, then hemispherical, finally almost plane, sessile, 3-1} cm. across, rather fleshy, greyish, pale or dark brown; excipulum parenchymatous, cells irregular, 10-16 p diameter; externally almost smooth upwards, furnished with hyaline septate hyphae near the ‘base, that form a delicate, cottony stratum round the base ‘of the ascophore; asci cylindrical, apex somewhat truncate, 8-spored ; spores obliquely 1-seriate, broadly elliptical, ends obtuso, smooth, hyaline, continuous, 11-13 x 6-7 »; para- ‘physes septate, apex clavate, 6 » thick, brown, straight or curved. . Peziza viridaria, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 555, ser. ii., wol.' vii. p. 12; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 82; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 262; Sacc., Syll., viti. n. 314. : On damp walls, damp wood, &c. ' Type specimen examined. ‘ fully matured. Sporidia -3 mm. long. (Cooke in Grev., l.c.) As the synonyms show, this variety was afterwards raised to specific rank by Cooke. After having examined the specimens I prefer the varietal position, if indeed it can be considered truly as such, and not as a mere form. SPATHULARIA. Pers. (figs. 22-24, p. 1#8.) Receptacle erect, spathulate, compressed, hollow, adnate to the stem, down which it runs for some distance on op- posite sides, everywhere covered with the hymenium; stem subcylindrical, hollow; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8- spored; spores elongated, cylindric-clavate, multiseptate at maturity, arranged in a parallel fascicle in the ascus; para- physes filiform, septate. Spathularia, Persoon, Tentam. Disp., p. 36 (1797); Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 30; Sacc., Syll., p. 48. Distinguished by the broad, flattened ascophore running down opposite sides of the stem. Growing on pine leaves or on the ground among moss. Spathularia clavata. Sace., Mich., 1. p. 77; Syl, viii. n. 160 (figs, 22-24, p. 188). Head spathulate or broadly clavate, obtuse or sometimes more or less divided at the apex, hollow, much compressed, running down the stem for some distance on opposite sides, labrous, margin crisped or undulated, surface wavy or slightly lacunose, yellow, rarely tinged red, 2-3 cm. high, 1:5-2°5 cm. broad; stem white then tinged yellow, 3-6 em. long, 4-3 cm. thick, hollow, cylindrical or slightly com- pressed; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores arranged in a parallel fascicle, hyaline, linear-clavate, usually very slightly bent, multiguttulate then multiseptate, 50-60 x 3°5-4 y; paraphyses filiform, septate, often branched, tips not thickened, wavy. 486 FUNGUS-FLORA, Lilvela clavata, Schaeffer, t. 149 (1774). Spathularia flavida, Pers., Comm. Fung. Clav., p. 34 (1797); Phil. Brit. Disc. p. 30, pl ii. fig. 7; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 342. On the ground among pine leaves or moss. Gregarious ; variable in shape and size, but distinguished by the flattened ascophore adnate to and running for some distance down opposite sides of the stem. The hypothecium consists of branched, septate, interwoven, colourless hyphae of variable thickness, some are 6-8 yw thick, and when treated. with dilute potassic hydrate and afterwards stained with anilin blue, show continuity of protoplasm very beautifully, the ends of adjoining cells being connected by a single, delicate, central strand as in many of the red seaweeds. Greville says the spores are discharged elastically. Specimen examined in Berk., Brit. Fung., n. 257; Rehm, Ascom., n. 426; and Flora Exs. Austro-Hung, n. 1974. VIBRISSHA. Fries. (figs. 32-35, p. 188.) Aquatic; ascophore sessile or stipitate, the disc becoming convex, somewhat fleshy ; asci elongated, cylindric-clavate, apex more or less narrowed, attenuated downwards into a long, slender pedicel, 8-spored; spores needle-shaped, almost as long as the ascus, arranged in a parallel fascicle, hyaline, escaping from the ascus and remaining fixed to the surface of the disc for some time at maturity; paraphyses present. Vibrissea, Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 31; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 816; Sacc., Syll., vill. p. 51 (in part). The species grow on wood or dead branches, either com- pletely submerged in water or in very damp places. At maturity the long, slender spores escape from the ascus and remain for a time attached by their basal end to the disc, giving it a minutely velvety and glistening appearance due to their rapid vibratory movements. Saccardo has broken up the genus, as here understood, into two genera, placing the stipitate forms in Vibrissea, which is located next to Spathularia, while the sessile forms are included in Gorgoniceps and placed next to the genus Belonidium in the Pezizae. VIBRISSEA. 487 Vibrissea truncorum. Fries, Syst. Myc., ii. p. 31; Phil. Brit. Disc, p. 316, pl. x. fig. 60; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 167 (figs. 32-35, p. 188). Ascophores gregarious or scattered, often in clusters of 2-4, stipitate, orbicular and rather fleshy, disc golden-yellow, orange, tawny, or blood-red, convex, 3-5 mm. across, hypo- thecium and excipulum hyaline, formed of intricately inter- woven, septate hyphae about 3 » thick, passing into pseudo- parenchyma at the point where the widened apex of the stem joins the excipulum, and running out on the free surface into dark-coloured septate hyphae, which form more or less of a fringe round the margin of the disc; stem, 6-12 mm. long, 1°5-3 mm. thick, round, composed of more or less parallel, hyaline, septate hyphae, densely covered with dark- coloured, obtuse, septate hyphae pointing at right angles to the long axis of the stem; asci elongated, narrowly cylindri- cal, 8-spored ; spores hyaline, very slender, nearly as long as the ascus, 200-220 x 1°5 pw, multiseptate, arranged in a pa- rallel fascicle in the ascus; paraphyses very slender, septate, sometimes branched, tips slightly thickened and coloured. Leotia iruncorum, Alb. & Schw., Consp., p. 397, t. 3, fig. 2. Vibrissea Margarita, White, Scot. Nat., vol. ii. p. 218; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 318; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 170. On decaying wood and branches in streams ; most abundant in subalpine districts. The head is about 2 lines broad, at first plane, becoming convex, often slightly repand, umbilicate beneath ; the stem, at first stuffed, becomes hollow, is 2-6 lines high, bluish- grey, with blackish squamules, or smooth, darker towards the base; the axci are very long, cylindrical, numerous; the spores very slenderly filiform, divided by numerous septa, narrower towards each extremity, 8 in the ascus; paraphyses numerous, branched; septate, enlarged and brownish at the summits. When removed from the water and exposed for a short time to the air, the spores shoot out from the hyme- nium with more or less violence, many of them remaining attached by one extremity to the hymenium, waving to and fro like floss silk, glittering in the light. (Phillips.) The blackish squamules mentioned by Phillips as occurring on the stem, are due to the clustering together of a number of the radiating hairs clothing its surface. 488 FUNGUS-FLORA. . Specimens examined in Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 4, and Moug. & Nest., n. 781. Specimens of Vibrissea Margarita, sent to Kew by the author, have also been carefully examined, and proved to be identical in every respect with V. truncorum. Vibrissea Guernisaci. Crouan, Ann. Sci. Nat., 1857, t. iv. figs. 24-26; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 319, pl. x. f. 61. Ascophore sessile, at first subglobose and somewhat nar- rowed at the base, then expanding until the disc is slightly convex and more or less distinctly marginate, greyish or with a tinge of orange, rather fleshy, glabrous, flesh- coloured, subgelatinous, 2-3 mm. across; hypothecium pa- renchymatous, running out at the margin into parallel rows of septate, olive hyphae; asci long, narrowly cylindrical, 8-spored ; spores needle-shaped, very slender, hyaline, apex rounded, base pointed, straight or slightly bent, multi- septate at maturity, almost as long as the ascus and arranged in.a parallel fascicle, 250-270 x 1°5-2 4; paraphyses slender, septate, often branched near the slightly clavate tips. | Gorgoniceps Guernisaci, Sacc., SyllL, vili. n. 2082. On submerged branches of willow and alder. At maturity the disc is covered with the projecting spores, which glisten like the finest floss silk as they wave to and fro. Specimen in Elv. Brit., n. 143, examined. Var. leptospora. Mass. ' Disc yellowish ; paraphyses slender, septate, tips broadly pyriform or globose, 6-7 « across, otherwise as in the type. Peziza leptospora, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1166, t. iv. f. 30. Vibrissea leptospera, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 320. Gorgoniceps leptospora, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 2086. On decayed wood. Patellaria Fergussoni, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1490, t. 11, fig. 6. Vibrissea Fergussoni, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 318; Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 173. On branches of Prunus padus. ‘Type specimens examined. Var. vibrisseoides. Mass. Dise yellowish, more or less distinctly bounded by the GEOGLOSSUM. 48y delicate, raised margin; paraphyses septate, tips brown, clavate, about 3°5 p thick. Helotium vibrisseoides, Peck, 32nd Report, 1879. Vibrissea turbinata, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 320. On branches of ash in a watercourse. British specimen named by Phillips, examined. Vibrissea microscopica. B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 1618, ser. iv. vol. xvii. p. 142 (1876); Phil., Trans. Linn. Soc., ser. xi., vol. ii. p. 7, t. i. f 17-24; Phil. Brit. Disc., p- 819; Sace., Syl, viii. n. 175. Very minute, shortly stipitate, at first piriform, then ex- panding and becoming concave or almost plane, grey, about + mm. high and broad; excipulum pseudoparenchymatous, the cells running out into parallel, septate hyphae at the surface and margin; asci narrowly clavate, apex narrowed, pedicel long and slender, 8-spored; spores arranged in a parallel fascicle, hyaline, continuous, often slightly curved ; needle-shaped, 50-60 x 2 »; paraphyses very slender, numerous, tips not thickened. ~ On damp fir-wood. Type specimen examined. Scarcely visible without a lens. Stem very short, black ; head grey, leaving a cup-shaped depression when completely washed off; sporidia ejected, filiform. (B. & Br.) GEOGLOSSUM. Pers. (emended). (figs. 8-10, p. 188.) Entire fungus more or less clavate, erect, the apical, thickened portion everywhere covered with the hymenium; glabrous or hairy, often viscid ; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores elongated, arranged in a parallel fascicle, cylindrical or very slightly thickened above the middle, and inclined to become cylindric-clavate, brown, septate, usually slightly curved; paraphyses septate, brown at the tips, often longer than the asci. Geoglossum, Persoon, Obs. Mycol., i. p. 11; Sacc., Syll., viii. p. 42; Phil., Brit. Disc. p. 34 (in part). Distinguished among the clavate species by the long, nar- 490 FUNGUS-FLORA. row, brown, septate spores. The entire plant is black in all British species. Growing on the ground, among grass, &e. * Ascophore glabrous. t Spores 3-septate. Geoglossum glutinosum. Pers., Obs., i. p. 11; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 38; Sacc., Syll., n. 1386; Cke., Mycogr., fig. 6. (figs. 8-10, p. 188.) Ascophore 3-6 cm. high, black, glabrous; ascigerous portion about 4 of the entire length, oblong-lanceolate, up to 1 cm. broad, obtuse, slightly viscid, more or less com- pressed, passing imperceptibly into the somewhat slender, cylindrical, viscid, brownish-black stem ; asci clavate, taper- ing downwards into a long, slender pedicel; spores 8, arranged more or less parallel near the apex of the ascus, cylindrical, ends obtuse, 3-septate and clear brown fat maturity, straight or very slightly curved, 65-75 x 5-6 p; paraphyses numerous, distinctly septate, about 2 « thick, pale brown, apex broadly pyriform and filled with dark brown colouring-matter. On the ground among grass, &c. The most important features of the present species are, 3-septate brown spores and compressed ascophore. Geoglossum viscosum. Pers., Comm., p. 39; Phil. Brit. Disc., p. 87; Cke., Mycogr., p. 10; Grev., Scot. Cr. FL, pl. 55; Sace., Syll. n. 137. Ascophore 3-5 em. high, glabrous, black, viscid ; ascigerous portion about 4 of the whole, broadly fusiform, obtuse, not compressed, passing imperceptibly into the glabrous, cylin- drical slimy stem, which is usually brownish at the base; asci clavate, attenuated into a long, slender base; spores 8, grouped parallel in a fascicle near the apex of the ascus, cylindrical, ends obtuse, 3-septate and brown at maturity, straight or slightly curved, 70-90 x 5-6 m; paraphyses numerous, distinctly septate, cylindrical and about 2 p» thick, pale brown, the apex usually abruptly swollen into a globose, dark-brown head, 6-8 u diameter. GEOGLOSSUM. 491 Among grass in pastures, &c. Somewhat gregarious ; sometimes with an olivaceous tinge. Very closely allied to G. glutinoswm, of which I am inclined to consider it a variety ; distinguished by being more viscid, ascophore not becoming compressed, and large, globose heads of the paraphyses. This last character is, however, very variable, and examination of a very large series of specimens of G. glutinosum and G. viscosum shows a perfect sequence from abruptly, globose to narrowly pyriform tips of para- physes. I find—contrary to descriptions—the paraphyses constantly septate in both species. Subgregarious, carnoso-coriaceous, 1-2 inches in height, black, paler with a brown tinge at the base of the stipes, which is slender, cylindrical, slimy, especially in moist weather. Hymenium black, confluent with the stem, some- times of the same diameter, at others sometimes thicker, and of an oblong form; obtuse at the apex, rounded, not com- pressed. This species is chiefly distinguished by its cylin- drical or rounded hymenium; that of G. glutinosum (to which species it is most nearly allied) being compressed. (Greville.) + Spores 7-septate. Geoglossum glabrum. Pers., Obs. Myc., ii. p. 61 Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 36; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 1. Ascophores gregarious, 3-7 cm. high, everywhere blackish, dry; ascigerous portion, or club, about half the entire length, cylindric-clavate, glabrous; stem rather slender, often crooked, minutely squamulose; asci clavate, apex slightly narrowed, pedicel elongated, slender, 8-spored ; spores arranged in a parallel fascicle in the ascus, narrowly cylindric-clavate, the upper half slightly thickest, often slightly curved, 7-septate at maturity, often very slightly constricted at the septa, each cell generally 1-gnttulate, brown, 70-75 x 7 4; paraphyses septate, upper septa rather close and more or less constricted, apex clavate, 7-9 p thick, brown, straight or curved. Geoglossum ophioglossoides, Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 141. On the ground among grass. Specimens in Rehm, Ascom., n. 503, and Phil., Elv. Brit., 492 FUNGUS-FLORA. n, 55, examined, also a specimen in Herb., Kew, named by Persoon. Geoglossum difforme. Fries, Obs. i. p. 159; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 85; Cooke, Mycogr., fig. 7; Sacc., SylL.., viii. n. 143. Entire length 3-9 cm., slightly viscid when, moist, black, glabrous; club about half the entire length, often irregularly bent and compressed, obtuse, distinct from the stem, up to 1 cm. thick; stem thinner than the club, more or less cylindrical and even; asci clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored ; spores arranged in a parallel fascicle in the ascus, slightly curved when free, cylindric-clavate, apex very slightly thickened, 7-septate, brown, 90-100 x 6 »; paraphyses septate, slender, scarcely or not at all thickened at the pale brown, flexuous tips, longer than the asci. On the ground among grass. Closely allied to G. glabrum, differing mainly in the paraphyses, which are pale brown and not clavate at the tips. Specimens examined in Berk., Brit. Fung. n. 256, Cooke, Brit. Fung. n. 481, and Rabenh., Herb. Myc., ed. ii. n. 424. ** Ascophore and stem hairy. Geoglossum hirsutum. Pers., Comm., p. 37; Cooke, Myocogr., fig. 3; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 34; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 150. Ascophore 5-7 cm. high, entirely black; ascigerous _ portion about half the whole length, oblong or ovate, generally more or less compressed and longitudinally wrinkled, up to 1 cm. at widest part, minutely hairy, as is also the cylindrical stem; asci clavate, apex slightly narrowed, pedicel slender, 8-spored; spores arranged in a parallel series in the ascus, the mass of spores narrowed at base and apex, brown and often with an olive tinge, linear-fusiform, slightly thicker at the apical half, just a little curved, multiseptate, 130-150 x 5 mw; paraphyses numerous, septate, slightly thickened at the apex, which is brownish, and often more or less curved; mixed with the GEOGLOSSUM. 493 paraphyses are numerous blackish-brown, sharp-pointed spines (cystidia), 300-350 x 6-7 p», which project beyond the asci, and cause the hairy appearance of the hymenium. Caespitose or gregarious, on the ground among grass. Readily distinguished by the hairy hymenium and stem. The hairs on the stem gradually become smaller as they recede from the ascigerous portion, and are probably the last remains of a condition when the whole above-ground portion was fertile, and no differentiated stem existed. ( 494 ) ADDENDA. Schweinitzia rufo-olivacea. Mass., p. 125 of present. volume, from which place this figure was inadvertently omitted, Schweinitzia rufo-olivacea. Section of a portion of the ascophore. Scleroderris livida. Mass., Fung.-Flora, p. 127. Very fine specimens collected by Mr. C. Crossland near Halifax enable the following points to be added : Erumpent ; disc convex or plane, soft, fleshy, pale opaque dingy: orange- buff, pruinose and glistening ; hypothecium yellow; spores 7-septate at maturity, but mostly 3-septate. Apical plug of ascus brown, not blue, with iodine. On pine bark. Orbilia succinea. Quélet, Enchirid. Fung., p. 298; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 2576; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 460. ADDENDA. 495 Gregarious, minute, subgelatinous when moist, at first globose, becoming expanded and slightly concave, glabrous, amber-colour, then darker, up to } mm. across; stem very short, slender; asci cylindric - clavate, apex narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous, cylindric-fusiform, straight, 5 x 1 p, irregularly 2-seriate; paraphyses very slender. Calloria succinea, Fr., Summ. Veg. Scand., p. 359. Calloria electrina, Phil. & Plow., Grev., x. p. 68. Peziza electrina, Phil. & Plow. Grev., viii., p. 153. Hymenoscypha electrina, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 142. Conidial stage. Receptacle exactly resembling the asco- phore, into which condition it gradually passes after pro- ducing conidia. The disc is covered with delicate, hyaline, branched conidiophores, bearing at their tips, hyaline, continuous, cylindrical conidia, ends obtuse, straight or curved, 14 x 2p. Dacryomyces succineus, Fr.. Hym. Eur., p. 699; Mass., Fungus-Flora, vol. i. p. 67. Calloria succinea, Fr., Summa Veg. Scand., p. 359. On pine leaves. Authentic specimen from Phillips examined. (Should stand next to O. leucostigma, p. 147.) Mollisia fusca. Mass. Gregarious or sometimes crowded, sessile, at first depresso- globose and closed, then hemispherical or almost plane, but the margin is permanently raised, up to 1 mm. across; disc grey or brownish, externally brown, the margin minutely fimbriate; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly poly- gonal, olive, 5-7 » diameter, running out into short, thin- walled, cylindrical or subclavate, obtuse, 1-3-septate hairs, olive at the base, upper portion white, 30-40 x 3-4 p; hypothecium olive ; asci cylindric-clavate, apex slightly nar- rowed, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, con- tinuous, straight or slightly curved, narrowly elliptic- fusiform, 7-11 x 2-2°5 »; paraphyses slender, hyaline, cylindrical. Lachnella Schumacheri, Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 262. Trichopeziza fusca, Sacc., Syll., vill. n. 1710. On dead wood. 496 FUNGUS-FLORA. A somewhat anomalous species; the marginal hairs are somewhat lax and irregular in length for a typical Mollista ; on the other hand, the hairs are not sufficiently developed for a Dasyscypha, neither do we find the hypothecium coloured in the last-named genus. Specimen in Phil., Elv. Brit., n. 167, examined. (To follow M, lignicola, p. 206.) Mollisia carduorum. Mass. Gregarious or sometimes confluent, sessile, at first globose and closed, finally becoming almost plane, with a slightly raised margin, contracted and incurved when dry; disc dingy yellow or dark grey; externally blackish-olive or brown, with a few spreading hyphae at the base, $-14 mm. across; cortex parenchymatous, cells irregularly polygonal, 5-6 » diameter, greyish-olive, running out at the margin into paler, parallel, septate hyphae; asci narrowly clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, elongated, narrowly fusiform or clavate, 2-4-guttulate then. 1-septate, hyaline, usually very slightly bent, 15-21 x 2-3 p; paraphyses slender, septate, very slightly clavate. Niptera carduorum, Winter, Flora, 1872, p. 7 (in the re- print); Rehm, Krypt.-Flora, Disc., p. 555. Pyrenopeziza carduorum, Sacc., Syll., viii. vn. 1483. On dead stems of thistle (Cnicus arvensis); also on Lappa, according to Rehm. West Kilbride, Ayrshire (D. A. Boyd). Specimen in Rehm’s Ascom., n. 68, examined. Very closely allied to Belonidiwm Aretii, of which it may prove to be a variety with smaller spores. The presence of four guttulae suggest that the spores may become 3-septate at maturity. (To follow Mollisia digitalina, p. 211.) Mollisia mutabilis. Mass. Scattered, appearing as minute, dark-brown, downy points, at first globose and closed, then expanded until quite plane, about $ mm. across; disc whitish, externally brown; glab- rous; cortex parenchymatous, cells subcircular or hexagonal, brownish, 7-10 p diameter, running out into na1row, elongatec. cells at the very blunt margin; asci narrowly clavate, apex. narrowed, 8-spored; spores hyaline, irregularly 2-seriate, ADDENDA. 497 narrowly cylindric fusiform, sometimes 2-guttulate, 14-17 x 2+5-3 «; paraphyses very slender, hyaline, cylindrical. - Peziza mutabilis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 564. Tapesia mutabilis, Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 278; Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 1553. On dead leaves of Aira caespitosa. A true Mollisia ; when young and incurved, brown, when fully expanded entirely white or pallid. Berkeley says: “When old it bears some resemblance to pale forms of P. atrata and P. palustris. The minute speck of down at the base is completely covered when the plant is fully expanded, and cannot be considered as a tapesium or subiculum.” Type specimen examined. (To follow M. juncina, p. 214.) Mollisia dactyligluma. Cooke, Grev., vol. xix. p. 86; Sace., Syll., Suppl., x. n. 4527. Scattered or gregarious, sessile, globose and closed at first, then expanding until plane, glabrous, rather fleshy; disc pallid or with a grey tinge, externally pale greyish-olive, paler towards the margin, }~-} mm. across; cortex parenchy- matous, cells irregularly subcireular, 7-10 » diameter, be- coming slightly smaller upwards, and running out at the margin into parallel, obtuse, 1-2-septate hyphae; asci nar- rowly cylindric-clavate, apex slightly narrowed, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, straight or very slightly curved, continuous, narrowly cylindrical, or often with a clavate tendency, 7-10 x 1:5 »; paraphyses hyaline, slender, very slightly thickened upwards. On glumes of Dactylis glomerata. Type specimen, now in Herb. Kew, examined. (To follow M. stramincum, p. 215.) Belonidium deparculum. Mass. Gregarious, sessile, minute, rarely more than }-} mm, across; subglobose and closed at first, then becoming nearly plane, thin, disc pallid or with a tinge of yellow, outside pallid and minutely pulverulent; when dry hemispherical, concave, ochraceous or pale reddish-yellow; asci short, cylindric-clavate, apex rounded, 8-spored ; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, narrowly cylindrical, straight or slightly VOL. Iv. 2K 498 FUNGUS-FLORA. bent, at first continuous, then 1- finally 5-septate, 12-16 x 1-5 4; paraphyses slender, hyaline, tips thickened. ; Helotium deparculum, Karsten, Myc. Fenn.,i. p. 150; Phil., in Grev., xx. p. 38. Pseudohelotium deparculum, Sacc., Syll., viil. n. 1224. On dead stems of meadow-sweet. Specimens in Kunze, Fung. Sel., n. 387, examined. (To follow B. ventosum, p. 224.) Pocillum Needhami. Mass. & Cross]. Hypophyllous, scattered, subcylindrical or turbinate, narrowed to a very short, stem-like base, disc circular, plane, truncate, substance soft and watery, whitish with a slight tinge of flesh-colour, tinged with amber when dry, about $-3 mm. broad and high; cortex formed of more or less parallel rows of septate hyphae extending from base to margin, where they are brownish, 4 « thick, sometimes branching; asci clavate, apex narrowed, often slightly curved, 8-spored; spores irregularly 2-seriate, hyaline, smooth, continuous, often guttulate, narrowly elliptical, or sometimes with a very slight tendency to become clavate, 18-20 x 3-4 «; paraphyses cylindrical, slender, hyaline. On fallen decaying leaves, probably belonging to Salix capraea. The spores often contain 3-4 guttae, and may possibly be septate when quite mature. This very interesting addition to our Mycologic Flora was found near Hebden Bridge, Yorkshire, by Mr. Needham, an enthusiastic collector of fungi. (To follow P. Boltoni, p. 231.) Helotivm nudum. Mass. Gregarious, plane or convex, stipitate, waxy, flesh-colour, glabrous ; disc same colour, undulated; stem long, flexuous, expanding into the ascophore; asci cylindraceo-clavate ; spores 8, fusiform or oblong-elliptic, hyaline, 5-10 x 2-3 yp; paraphyses acerose, granular within, exceeding the asci. Peziza nuda, Phil. Scot. Nat., vi. p. 124. Lachnella nuda, Phil., Brit. Dise., p. 247. On the ground amongst moss, in a fir wood. Ascophore 1 line broad, and 2 lines high, ADDENDA. 499 A large and Helotium-like species, having acerose para- physes, which have never been observed before in a perfectly glabrous species, the presence of which fully justifies placing here. The asci are 500 p» long, and 4 » broad; the para- physes are 70 » long. (Phil.) There appears to be some mistake in the measurements of the asci and paraphyses as given above, as the paraphyses are described as being longer than the asci; probably the asci are 50 » instead of 500 as stated. Unknown to me. (To follow H. lacteum, p. 269.) Sclerotinia baccarum. Rehm, Hedw., 1885, n. i. p- 9; Sace., Svll., vill. n. 813; Rehm, Krypt.-Flora., Disc. p. $06; Woronin, Mém. Acad. Imp. St-Petersb., p. 31, pl. viii. (1888). Sclerotium formed within the fruit of Vaccinium myrtillus, and producing 1-3 stipitate ascophores which are closed when young, then hemispherical, finally expanded, brown, glabrous, rather thin, }-1 cm. across, stem variable in length, 2-4 cm. long, cylindrical, slender, often flexnous, brown, glabrous, or minutely velvety at the base; hypo- thecium brown, formed of interwoven hyphae; asci cylin- drical, apex slightly truncate, narrowed below into a slender, usually crooked pedicel, 8-spored; spores 1-seriate, hyaline, continuous, smooth, elliptical, ends rounded, 16-20 x 8-9 pn; as a rule only four of the spores in an ascus become fully developed, the other four remaining quite small; paraphyses slender, septate, hyaline, apex slightly clavate. The conidial form attacks the young, living shoots of the host-plant, appearing as a Vonilia-like, white bloom formed of simple or branched chains of subglobose, hyaline conidia about 3 » diameter. The ascophores appear on the fallen fruit of Vaccinum myrtillus, which contain sclerotia in their interior. Infected fruits are readily recognised before they fall from the plant by their whitish colour and somewhat shrivelled appear- ance. Dr. Trail, F.R.S., of Aberdeen, has collected berries con- taining sclerotia, but mature ascophores are not yet recorded. (To follow S. bulborum, p. 284.) , 22 500 FUNGUS-FLORA. Mollisia melaleuca. Sacc., Syll., n. 1394. Gregarious, sessile, at first closed then becoming plane, often irregular, rather firm, contracted when dry, disc whitish, pallid when dry, externally blackish-brown, minutely rugulose or granular; cortex parenchymatous, cells 7-8 y diameter, brown, running out into parallel septate hairs at the entire margin, 1-2 mm. across; asc narrowly clavate, slightly narrowed at the apex, spores 8, 2-seriate, hyaline, continuous, often 2-guttulate, straight or slightly bent, 9-14 x 2-2:5; paraphyses hyaline, slender. Peziza melaleuca, Fr., 8. M., ii. p. 150. Exsice—Cke., Fung. Brit., n. 390; Phil. Elv. Brit., n. 125; in both instances called Peziza cinerea, Batsch, with which it has been confounded, but is quite distinct in the dryer texture, white disc, and blackish-brown exterior. On hard, decorticated wood, chips, &c. Mollisia cinerea. Karst., Myc. Fenn., i. p. 189; Sace., Syll., viii. n. 1893; Phil., Brit. Disc., p. 173 (in part). Gregarious, at first closed then plane, rather fleshy and watery, disc greyish; margin whitish and often irregular, dingy yellow or often blackish when dry and remaining flat ; externally smooth, brownish, especially near the base, where it is furnished with brown hyphae; 1-2 mm. dia- meter; cortex parenchymatous, cells olive-brown, 8-12 p diameter, passing into parallel, slightly clavate, septate hairs at the margin; asci narrowly clavate, tip very slightly narrowed; spores 8, 2-seriate, narrowly elliptic-oblong, ends obtuse, hyaline, straight or very slightly curved, ‘7-10 x 2-3 mw; paraphyses slender, slightly thickened upwards. Peziza cinerea, Batsch, Elench. Fung., p. 198, fig. 137. Exsicce.—Cke., Fung. Brit., ed. ii. n. 383. On dead wood and branches. Distinguished by the watery, semipellucid substance and clear grey colour when fresh. INDEX TO GENERA. — Abrothallus, 98, Acetabula, 451. Actidium, 30. Agyrium, 150. Ailographum, 31. Anthopeziza, 388. Ascobolus, 158. Ascodesmis, 19. Ascomyces, 1+. Ascophanus, 173. Aulographum, 31. Barlaea, 394. Belonidium, 223. Biatorella, 95, Blitrydium, 111. Bulgaria, 139. Bulgariella, 140. Calloria, 151. Celidium, 110. Cenangium, 113. Chlorosplenium, 285. Ciboria, 274. Clavaria, 481. Coccomyces, 50. Coccophacidium, 53. Colpoma, 62. Coryne, 153. Crumenula, 13?. Cryptodiscus, 86. Cryptomyces, 73. Cubonia, 172. Cudonia, 472. Curreyella, 401. Cyathicula, 271. Dasyscypha, 325. Desmazierella, 32+. Dichaena, 43. Diplocarpa, 307. Echinella, 30+. Elvella, 482. Ephelina, 75. Erinella, 302. Farlowia, 24. Geoglossum, 449. Geopyxis, 376. Gloniopsis, 42, Glonium, 32. Gorgoniceps, 486. Gymnoascus, 18. Gyromitra, 477. Helotium, 232. Helvella, 458. Heterosphaeria, 108. Homaria, 404. Hymenoscypha, 232. Hypoderma, 34. Hysterium, 26. Hysterographium, 28, Karschia, 99. Keithia, 49. Lachnea, 308. Lagerheima, 96. Laquearia, 68. Leotia, 470. Leptoglossum, 480. Lophium, 36. Lophodermium, 38. Masseea, 402. Melittosporium, 88. Mitrophora, 473. 502 Mitrula, 480. Mollisia, 205. Mollisiella, 221. Morchella, 475. Mytilidion, 24. Mytilidinion, 25. Nemacyclus, 79. Neottiella, 370. Ocellaria, 82. Ombrophila, 141. Orbilia, 143. Ostreichnion, 27. Ostreion, 27. Ostropa, 66. Otidea, 439. Patellaria, 100. Patellea, 97. Patinella, 92. Peziza, 424. Phacidium, 56. Phaeangella, 136. Pitya, 289. Plectania, 301. Phragmonaevia, 85. Pocillum, 230. Propolis, 80. Pseudographis, 65. INDEX. Pseudohelotium, 221. Pseudopeziza, 189. Rhizina, 453. Rhytisma, 70. Robergea, 67. Ryparobius, 180. Saccobolus, 169. Schizothyrium, 54. Schizoxylon, 68. Schweinitzia, 134. Scleroderris, 120. Sclerotinia, 279. Scutularia, 108. Sepultaria, 389. Spathularia, 485. Sphaerosoma, 400. Sphaerospora, 292. Stamnaria, 231. Stictis, 77. Tapesia, 297. Trochila, 60. Tympanis, 128. Verpa, 468. Vibrissea, 486. Xylographa, 64. IN DES, TO SEEC LES, —— abietinum (Phacidium), 57. abtetis (Cenangium), 119. abietiz (Dasyscyphia), 343. abietis (Lachnella), 343. abietis (Peziza), 119. acerinum (Melasmia), 70. acerinum (Rhytisma), 70. acerinum (Xyloma), 70. acetabulum (Peziza), 452. acicola (Desmazierella, 325, acicolum (Cenangium), 12). acicularis (Leotia), 472. acrostaphyli (Phacidium), 59. acutipila (Dasyscypha), 330. acutipila (Lachnella), 330. acutipila (Peziza), 330. acuum ‘Dasyscypha), 337. acuum (Lachnella), 338. acuum (Peziza), 358. Adae (Peziza), 433. advenula (Hymenoseypha), 265. advenula (Phialea), 265. advenulum (Helotium), 265. aeruginea (Helvella), 28¢. aerugineus (Ascobolus), 160. aeruginosum (Chlorosplenium), 285. aeruginosum (Helotium), 286. agariciformis (Helvella), 472. agaricina (Peziza), 225. agaricinum (Belonidium), 224. agaricinum (Helotium), 225. albella (Peziza), 200. albella (Pseudopeziza), 202. albida (Hymenoscy pha}, 260. albida (Peziza), 260. albidum (Helotium), 260. Var. aesculi, 260. albidus (Ryparobius), 181. albo-cincta (Peziza), 372. albofurfuracea (Dasyscyplia), 350. albo-spadicea (Lahaea), 319. albo-spadicea (Peziza), 319. albotestacea (Dasyscypha), 346. albotestacea (Lachnella), 347. albotestacea, (Peziza), 347. albotestacea (Trichopeziza), 347. albula (Mollisia), 220. albula (Pezizella), 220. alismata (Mollisia), 194. alismatis (Pseudopeziza), 194. alnea (Peziza), 130. alnea (LT'ympanis), 130. alni (Ascomyces), 17. alni (Exoascus), 16. alnicllum (Helotium), 262. alniella (Phialea), 22. alnitorquus (Ascomyces), 16, alnitorquus (Exoascus), 17. alnitorquus (Taphrina), 16. alutacea (Otidea), 446. alutacea (Peziza’, 446. alntacea (Plicaria), 446. ambiens (Sphacelia), 283. ' amentacea (Ciboria), 277. a amentacea (Hymenoscypha), 278. ament? (Helotium), 261. amenti (Hymenoscypha), 262, amenti (Phialea), 262. amethystinus (Ascobolus). 417. americanum (Ostreion), 28. ammophila (Geopyxis), 585. ammophila (Peziza), 385. amoena (Dermatea), 116. amoena (Pezicula), 116. amoenum (Cenangium), 116. amphibola (Phragmophora), 127. 504 amphibola (Tympanis), 127. amphibola (Scleroderris), 126. ampliata (Peziza), 432. “ Var. tectoria, 432. amplum (Aulographium), 33. amplum (Glonium), 33, amplum (Hysterium), 33. ancilis (Discina), 427. aneilis (Peziza), 427. andromedae (Rhytisma), 72. andromedae (X\loma), 72. angulosa (Propolis), 87. angulosus (Cryptodiscus), 87. angustatum (Hysterium), 27. annoulata (Schmitzomia’, 79. apala (Erinella), 303. apala (Lachnella), 303. apala (Peziza), 303. apophysata (Otidea), 444. apophysata (Peziza), 444. applanata (Putellaria), 94. applanata (Patinella), 94. aquatica (Hymenoscypha), 252. aquatica (Phialea), 252. aquaticum (Helotium), 251. aquilina (Sphaeria), 56. aquilinum (Hypoderma), 56. aquilinum (Hysterium), 56. aquilinum (Schizothyrium), 55. aquosa (Mollisia), 206. arabicus (Epidochium), 283. aranea (Dasyscypha), 336. aranea (Lachnella), 337. aranea (Peziza), 337. aranea (Trichopez zi), 337. araneo-cincta (Dasyscypha), 337. araneo-cincta (Lachmella), 337. araneo-cincta (Peziza), 337. araneo-cineta (Trichopeziza), 337. araneosa (Humuria), 248. araneosa (Peziza), 248. araucosa (Peziza), 244. arctii (Belonidium), 225. arctii (Mollisia), 226. arctii (Peziza), 226. arenicola (Lachnea), 391. Var. Bloxami, 391. arenicola (Peziza), 391. arenicola (Sepultaria), 390. arenivaga (Mollisia), 197. arenivaga (Peziza), 197. INDEX. arentvaga (Pseudopeziza), 197. areolata (Barlaea), 398. areolata (Boudiera), 398. argeuteus (Ascobolus), 176. argenteus (Ascophanus), 176. argenteus (Ryparobius), 183. argillacea (Peziza), 439. artemisiae (Mollisia), 195. artemisiae (Peziza), 195. artemisiae (Pseudopeziza), 195. artemisiae (Pyrenopeziza), 195. arundinacea (Hustegia), 215. arundinacea (Mollisia), 215. arundinacea (Schmitzomia), 78. arundinacea (Stictis), 78. Var. junci. arundinacea (Xyloma), 215. arundinaceum (Hysterium), 39. arundinaceum (Lophodermium), ascobol.ides (Lachnea), 314. ascoboloides (leucoloma), 409. ascoboloides (Neottiella), 314. ascoboloides (Peziza), #14. ascuna (Dasyscypha), 336. ascuna (Lachnella), 336. ascuna (Trichopeziza), 336. asininus (Ascobolus), 159. aspegrenit (Helotium), 243. aspegrenii (Hymenoscypha), 243. aspegrenii (Phialea), 243. aspegrenii (Peziza), 243. asperior (Peziza), 293. asperior (Sphaerospora), 293. aspidiicola (Dasyscypha), 338. aspidiicola (Lachnella), 338. aspidiicola (Peziza), 338. asterostoma (Dasyscypha), 339. usterostoma (Peziza), 340. astroidea (Barlaea), 397. astroidea (Peziza), 397. utra (Elvela), 466. atra (Helvella), 465. atrata (Mollisia), 208, 210. Var. mercurialis, 210. atrata (Patellaria), 104. atrata (Peziza), 202, 208, 209. Var. polygoni, 208. atratum (Lecanidion), 104. atratus (Lichen), 104. atro-alba (Patellaria), 105. atro-alba (Stictis), 79. atro-album (Lecanidion), 105. atrocinerea (Mollisia), 208. atrocinerea (Peziza), 20s. atro-fuscus (Ascobolus), 165. atrorufa (Peziza) 302. atro-vinosa (Durella), 101. atro-vinosa (Patelaria), 100. atro-vinosa (Peziza), 436. atrovirens (Coryne). 154. atrovirens (Ombrophila), 154. atrovirens (Peziza), 154. aucupariae (Peziza), 129. aucupariae (Tympanis), 129. aurantia (Otidea), 448. Var. stipitata, 448. aurantia (Peziza), 443. aurata (Arachnopeziza), 300. aurata (Tapesia), 299. auratum (Belonidium), 300. aurea (Helvella), 241. aurea (Ocellaria), 82. aurea (Sphaeria‘, 74. aurea (Taphrina). 17. aurelia (Belonidium), 299. aurelia (Peziza), 299. aurelia (Tapesia), 299. aureum (Helotium), 240. aureus (Ascomyces:, 17. aureus (Cryptomyces), 7+. aureus (Exoascus), 17. auricolor (Calloria), 149. auricolor (Orbilia), 148. auricolor (Peziza), 148. auricula (Elvela), 442. auricula (Otidea), 441, 442. auricula (Peziza), 441, 442. aurora (Ascophanus), 174. aurora (Peziza), 174. autumnale (Phacidium), 194. axillaris (Humaria), 412. axillaris (Peziza), 412. Babingtoni (Rhizina), 455. Babingtoni (Peziza), 455. Babingtoni (Psilopeziza), 455. baccata (Sclerotinia), 383. baccarum (Sclerotinia), £99. badia (Peziza), 436. badium (Helotium), 234. barbata (Dasyseypha), 361. INDEX, 505 barbata (Lachnella), 361. barbata (Peziza), 361. barbatus (Ascobolus), 166, 167. benesueda (Mollisia), 203. benesueda (Peziza), 203. benesueda (Pseudopeziza), 203. Berkeleyana (Schmitzomia), 69. Berkeleyana (Stictis), 69. Berkeleyanum (Schizoxylon), 69. Berkeleyi (Dasyscypha). 358. Berkeleii (Lachnella), 358. Berkeleii (Peziza), 358. Berkeleyi (Trichopeziza), 358. betulina (Taphrina), 18. lieolor (Dasyscypha), 332. bicolor (Lachnella), 333. bicelor (Peziza), 333. bifrons (Cryptosphaeria), 57. bifrons (Sphaeria), 57. binominata (Sphaerospora), 293. blorami (Cenangium), 114. bloxami (Encoelia), 114. Bloxami (Geopyxis). 384. Blozami (Karschia), 99. Bloxami (Peziza), 391. Bloxami (Patellaria), 100. bolare (Helotium), 27. bolaris (Ciboria), 247. bolaris (Hymenoscypha), 247. bolaris (Peziza), 247. boltoni (Pocillum), 231. boreale (Galium), 194. boudiert (Cubonia), 173. bovina (Humaria), +23. bovina (Peziza', 42+. Broomei (Helotium), 244. Broomei (Hymenoscypha), 244. Broomei (Phialea), 244. Browniana (Mollisia), 199. Browniana (Peziza), 199. Browniana (Pseudopeziza), 199. brunnea (Lachnea), 295. brunnea (Ombrophila), 143. brunnea (Peziza), 295, 296, 297. brunnea (Sphaerosphora), 295. brunneo-atra (Peziza), 423. brunneola (Lachnella), 348. Var. fagicola, 348. brunneola (Peziza), 348. brunneus (Ascobolus), 168. bryophila (Hymenoscypha), 269. 506 INDEX. bryophila (Peziza), 269. bryophila (Phialea), 269. bryophylum (Helotium) 269. buccina (Helotium), 271. bufonia (Geopyxis), 430. bufonia (Peziza), 429. bulbo-crinita (Lacinea), 323. bulbo-crinita (Peziza), 323. bulborum (Peziza), 285. bulborum (Sclerotinia), 234, bulbosa (Helvella), 462. bulbosa (Lachnea), 463. bulbosa (Macropodia), 463. bulbosa (Octospora), 463. bulbosa (Peziza), 463. bullatinus (Oidium), 15. bullatus (Ascomyces), 15. bullatus (Exoascus), 15. Bullii (Dasyscyphi), 366. Bullii (Mollisia), 366. Bullii (Peziza), 366. Bullii (Pseudohelotium), 366. buat (Trochila), 61. cacaliae (Hymenoscypha), 252. caesariatus (Saccobolus), 172. eaesia (Peziza), 301. caesia (Tapesia), 300. caliciiforme (Blitrydium), 111. caliciiforme (Triblidium), 111. callimorpha (Dasyscypha), 369. callimorpha (Lachnella), 369. callimorphum (Lachnum), 369. callunigena (Crumcnula), 133. callunigena (Godronia), 134. callunigena (Peziza), 133. calthae (Phacidum), 192. calthae (Psendopeziza), 192. calycina (Dasyscy pha), 342. Var. Trevelyani, 342. calycina (Lachnella), 342. calycina (Peziza), 342. calyculaeformis (Dasyscypha) 349. Var. latebricola, 342. ealyculaeformis (Peziza), 349. calyculus (Helotium), 248 calyculus (Hymenoscypha), 249. ealyculus (Peziza), 249. calyculus (Phialea), 249. candidata (Dasyseypha), 335. candidata (Lachnella), 335. candidata (Peziza), 335. candidata (Trichopeziza), 335. condolleana (Hymenoscypha), 281. candolleana (Peziza), 281. candolleana (Sclerotimia), 281. canescens (Dasyscypha), 346. canescens (Lachnella), 346. capillipes (Phialea), 281. capitata (Trichopeziza), 336. carbonaceum (Pilidium), 125. carbonaria (Geopyxis), 383. carbonaria (Peziza), 383. carbonicola (Ascobolus), 166. carbonigena (HIumaria), 409. Var. fusispora, 410. » aggreguta, 410. », Scotica, 410. carbonigena (Peziza), 439. carduorum (Mollisia), 496. carduorum (Niptera), 496. carduorum (Pyrenopeziza), 496. earinata (Dasyscypha), 339. varinata (Trichopeziza), 339. Carmichaeli (Dasyscypha), 363 Carmichaelti (Helotium), 250.. Carmichaelii (Hymenoscy pha), 251 Carmichaelii (Phialea), 251. curnea (Geopyxis), 383. carnea (Peziza), 384. carneo-sanguinea (Humaria), 309. carneo-sanguinea (Lachnea), 309. carneo-sanguinea (Peziza), 309. carneus (Ascobolus), 178. carneus (Ascophanus), 178. Var. testaceus, 178. caulicola (Lachnella), 350. caulicola (Peziza), 350. caucus (Ciboria), 278. caucus (Hymenoscypha), 278. cerasi (Cenangium), 116. cerasi (Dermatea), 117. cerasi (Peziza), 117. cerastiorum (Peziza), 192. cerastiorum (Pseudopeziza), 192. cerastiorum (Mollisia), 192. cerina (Dasyscypha), 352. cerina (Lachnella), 353. cerina (Peziza), 353. cervaria (Humaria), 421. cervaria (Peziza), 422. cesatii (Helotium), 230. cesatii (Pocillum), 230. Chateri (Humaria), 404. Chateri (Peziza), 405. ehloroce hala (Leotia), 471. f. Stevensoni, 472. cehrysophthalama (Pez za), 40S. chrysophaea (Ocellaria), 8+ ehrysophaea Pezizu), 35. chrysophaea (Stict s). 85 chrysostigma (Calloria), 218. chrysostigma (Mollisia), 218. ehbrysostigma (Peziza), 218. chrysostigma (Pezizella), 218. ciborioides (Hymencscypha), 285. ciliare (Lachnum), 336. ciliaris (Dasyscypha), 335. ciliaris (Lachnell..), 336. ciliaris (Peziza), 336. cinerea (Mollisia), 305, 500. cinerea (Ostropz), 66. cinerea (Peziza), 500. cinereum (Hysterium), 67. cinereus (Ascobolus), 175. cinereus (Ascophanus), 175. cinnabarina (Barliea), 396. cinnabarina (Crouan a), 396. cinnamomea (Dermatea), 125. cinnamomea (Peziza), 126. cinnamomea (Scle:oderris), 126. eircinans (Cudonia), 475. circinans (Leotia’, 473. cireumlatus (Ascubolus), 164. eitricolor (Dasyscypha), 556. citricolor (Lachnella), 356. citricolor (Peziza), 356. citrina (Octuspyra), 239. Var. pallescens, 239. citrina (Patelluria), 109. citrina (Scutularia), 109. citrinum (Helotium), 238. citrinus (Ascobolus), 109. eladophila (Sporomega), 39. cladophilum (Hyst: rium), 39. cladophilum (Lophodermium), 39. elandestina (Dasyscy pha). 350. clandestina (Lac: nella), 350. clandestina (Peziza), 350. elarofiava (Peziza), 233. claro-flacum (Helotium), 233. clavata (Elvella}, 486. clavata (Hymenoscypha), 252. INDEX. elavata (Spathuiaria), 485. elacus (Ombrophila). 142. elavus (Peziza), 142. clavispora (Durella), 162. celarispora (Patellaria), 102. clematidis (Phacidium), 60. coccinea (Elvela), 378. coccinea (Geopyxis), 377. Var. albida, 378. coccinea (Humaria), 373. : coccinea (Leucoloma). 373. coccinea (Peziza), 373. | coccinea (Sareoseypha), 378. » eoecinella (Calloria), 145. coccinella (Orbilia), 14+. coccinella (Peziza), 145. , coecineus (Ascobolus), 373. cochleata (Otidea), 445. cochleata (Peziza), 445. cocotina ‘Geopyxis), 380. Var. linteicola, 331. cocotina (Lachnea), 331. eocotina (Peziza), 381. cocotina (Sarcoscypha), 381. coemansii (Ascophanus), 174. coerulea (Laclinea», 323. coerulea (Peziza), 323. comitessae (Dasyscypha), 355. comitessae (Lachnella), 355. comitessae (Peziza), 355). commune (Hypederma), 34. commune (Hysterium), 34+. compressa (Durella). 103. compressa (Patellaria), 103. compressa (Peziza), 103. concolor (Helotium), 247. concolor (Hymenescypha), 247. concolor (Peziza), 247. concolor (Phialea), 2+7. confluens (Hysterium), 33. confusa (Lachnea), 296. confusa (Peziza), 290. confusa (Sphaerospora), 296. conformis (Dasvseyphi). 334, _ conformis (Laclinella). 334. » eonica (Morchella), £77. Var. deliciosa, 477. conigena (Peziza), 256. conigenum (Helotium), 266. conigenum (Hysterium), 36. conijenum (Hypoderma), 35. 508 INDEX. conticola (Calloria), 152. connivens (Durella), 104. connivens (Patellaria), 103. connivens (Peziza), 104. consociatus (Ascophanus), 177. consociatus (Ascobolus), 177. conspersa (Tympanis), 128, 129. constellatio (Barlaea), 39+. constellatio (Peziza), 394. constipata (Patellaria), 127. controversa (Dasyscypha), 347. controversum (Lachnum), 347. controversa (Peziza), 347. convexula (Humaria), 408. convexula (Peziza), 409. Cookei (Geopyxis), 378. Var. Percevali, 339. Cookei (Ryparobius), 182. coprinaria (Lachnea), 310. coprinaria (Peziza), 310. corallina (Neottiella), 372. corallina (Peziza}, 373. corium (Helvella), 463. corium (Lachnea), 463. ecorium (Macropodia), 463. corium (Peziza), 463. cornea (Calloria), 152. cornea (Peziza), 152 cornubiensis (Lachnea), 375. cornubiensis (Neottiella), 374. cornubiensis (Peziza), 375. coronaria (Peziza), 392. coronaria (Sepultaria), 392. coronata (Cyathicula), 272. coronata (Hymenoscypha), 272. Var. injflexa, 272. coronata (Peziza), 272. coronatum (Phacidiuin), 51. coronatus (Coccomyces), 51. corticalis (Dasyscypha), 307, 306. corticalis (Lachnella), 361. corticalis (Peziza), 361. crataegi (Patellaria), 106. crassipedes (Morchella), 475. Var. Smithiana, 476. craterium (Trochila), 61. eretea (Lachnea), 321. eretea (Peziza), 321. eribrosa (Peziza), 430. crispa (Helvella), 458. Crosslandi (Echinella), 306. Crouani (Ascobolus), 164, 395. Crouani (Ascozonus), 182. Crouani (Barlaea), 395. Crouani (Peziza), 395. Crouani (Ryparobius), 181. crucifera (Dasyscypha), 331, erucifera (Lachnella), 332. crucifera (Pe ziza), 332. crucipila (Lachnea), 311. crucipila (Neottiella), 311. crucipila (Peziza), 311. crustaceus (Ryparobius), 183. cucullata (Elvela), 482. cucullata (Mitrula), 482. culmicolum (Belonidinm), 228. cunicularius (.iscozonus), 18+. cupressi (Lachnella), 292. cupressi (Peziza), 292. cupressi (Pitya), 291. cupularis (Geopyxis), 382. cupularis (Peziza), 382. curreiana (Mollisia), 200. curreyana (Diplocar; 2), 307. curreyana (Hymenoscy pha), 282. curreyana (Mollisia), 200. curreyana (Peziza), 282. curreyana (Sclerotinia), 282. curvata (Gloniopsis), 42. curvatum (Hysterium), 42. curvatum (Hysterographium), 43. cyanites (Belonidium), 225. cyanites (Mollisia), 225. eyathoidea (Hymenoscypha), 252 cyathoidea (Peziza), 252. cyathoideum (Helotium), 252. dactyligluma (Mollisia), 497. dalmeniensis (Lachnea), 317. dalmeniensis (Peziza), 318. deformans (Ascomyces), 15. deformans (Exoascus), 15. Var. Potentillae, 16. degenerans (Clithris), 63. degenerans (Colpoma), 63. degenerans (Hysterium), 63. degenerans (Sporomega), 63. dematiicola (Dasyscypha), 36+. dematiicola (Lachnella), 365. dematiicola (Peziza), 365. dematiicola (Trichopeziza), 365. dentata (Cyathicula), 207. INDEX. 509 dentata (Mollisia), 207. dentata (Niptera), 207. dentata (Peziza), 207. dentata (Pezizella), 207. dentatus (Coccomyces.. 52. ebuli (Mollisia), 202. ebuli (Pseudopeziza), 202. ebuli (Pyrenopeziza), 202. eburnea (Hymenoseypha), 264. eburnea (Peziza), 264. dentatus (Phacidium), 52. eburnea (Phialea), 264. denudatus (Ascobolus), 159. eburneum (Helvtium), 264. deparculum (Belonidium), 497. echinophila (Ciboria), 276. deparculum (Helotium), 498. deparculum (Pseudohelotium), 498. depauperatus (Ascobolus), 170. depauperatus (Saccobolus), 170. echinulata (Lachuella), 338. depressa (Humaria), 205. echinulatum (Lachnum), 329. depressa (Mollisia), 205. eclecta (Peziza), 314. depressa (Peziza), 205. effugiens (Mollisia), 211. difforme (Geoglossum), 492. effugiens (Peziza), 211. digitualiformis (Verpa), 468. effagiens (Pseudohelotium), 211. digitalina (Mollisia), 211. elaphines (Dasyscypha), 367. echinophila (Hymenoscypha), 276. echinophila (Peziza), 275. echinulata (Dasysey pha), 329. ar. smyrnii, 212. ' elaplines (Mollisia), 367. digitalina (Pyrenopeziza), 212. ' elaphines ‘Peziza), 307. dilutella (Mollisia), 212. | elaphines (Pseudohelotium), 307. dilutella (Pezizella), 212. elatina (Peziza), 288. diminuta (Dasyscypha), 344. . elatina (Rutstroemia), 283. diminuta (Lachnella), 344. diminuta (Peziza), 344. diplocarpa (Lachnella), 308. diplocarpa (Peziza), 308. discoideum (Chlorospleninm), 236. discolor (Mollisia), 204. electrina (Calloria), 495. Var. riccia, 204. electrina Hvymenoscypha), 493, discolor (Niptera), 204. clectrina (Peziza), 495. discolor (Patellaria’, 204. elegans (Biatora}, 96. discolor (Pseudoveziza), 203. elongatum (Hysterium), 30. domestica (Humaria), 421. . elongatum (Hysterographiam), 2 domestica (Peziza), 421. elastica (Helvella), 466. domiciliana (Pez‘za), 434. emergens (Helotium), 251. domesticum (Pyronem.), 421. emergens (Hymenoseypha), 251. elatinum (Chlorosplenium), 257. elata (Morchella), 476. elatina (Lecanora’. 66. elatina (Pseudographis), 65. elatum (Lopbium), 37. ira) drupacearum (Micropera), 117. emerzens (Phialea), 251. dryinum “Cenangium), 117. | ephippium (Helvella), 466. dryinu (Dermatea), 117. epiphylla (Peziza), 257. dryina (Pezicula), 117. | epiphyllum (Helotium), 257. dubia (Sphaeria), 117. . episphaeria (Lachnella), 370). dubius (Ryparobius), 183. | episphaeria (Peziza’, 370. dumorum (Dasyscypha). 357. epithallina (Mollisia), 219. dumorum (Lachnella), 357. epithallina (Peziza), 219. dumorum (Peziza), 357. epithallina (Pezizella), 219. dumorum (Trichopeziza), 357. epitypha (Mollisia), 191. duriaeana (Hymenoseypha), 255. equina (Peziza), 179. duriaeana (Sclerotinia), 285. equinus (Ascophanus), 179. equinus (Lasiobolus), 179. equiseti (Lycoperdon), 232. 510 INDEX. equiseti (Stammaria), 231. erecta (Lachuea), 323. erecta (Peziza), 323. ericae (Cenangium), 132. ertcae (Crumenula), 132. ericae (Godronia), 132. erinacea (Tichnea), 322. erinacea (Peziza), 322. ertobasis (Tupesia), 300. eviobasis (Peziza), 300. erumpens (Mollisia), 195. erumpens (Peziza), 195. erumpens (Xyloma), 57. erythrostigma (Lachnella), 370. erythrostigma (Peziza), 370. escharodes (Lachnella), 365. escharodes (Peziza), 365. esculenta (Gyromitra), 479. esculenta (Helvella), 480. esculenta (Morchella), 476. esculentus (Phallus), 476. euphorbiae (Mollisia), 197. euphorbiae¢ (Patinella), 197. euphorbiae ( Peziza), 197. euphorbiae (Pseudopeziza), 197. excelsior (Mollisia), 229. excelsior (Peziza), 229. excelsius (Belonidium), 229. exidiiformis (Humaria), 417. exidiiformis (Peziza), 418. fagi (Dermatea), 128. fagi (Dermatella), 128. fagi (Scleroderris), 127. faginea (Dicuaena), 44. Var. corylea, 44. » eayrede, 44. faginea (Peziza), 261. JSaginea (Propolis), 81. fagineum (Helotium), 261. fagineum (Hysterium), 44. fallax (Mollisia), 217. fallax (Pc ziza), 217. fascicularis (Encoelia), 115. fascicularis (!’eziza), 115. Fergussoni (Helotium), 242. Fergussoni (Patellaria), 488. Fergussoni (Vibrissea), 488. Serrugineum (Helotium), 236, 249. ferruginea (Peziza), 236. ferruginosa (Dothichiza), 119. ferruginosum (Cenangium), 119. fibrillosa (Otidea), 449. Jibrillosa (Peziza), 449. fibuliforme (Helotium), 270. fibuliformis (Hclvella), 270. filécea (Dasyscypha), 331. filicea (Lachnella), 331. filicea (Pezjza), 331. filicum (Moilisia), 217. filicum (Peziza), 217. filicum (Pezizella), 217. filipes (Hymenoscypha), 281. filipes (Sclerotinia), 281. filispora (Peziza), 227. filisporum (Belonidium), 226. firma (Ciboria), 275. firma (Hymenoscypha), 275. firma (Peziza), 275. flammea (Dasyscypha), 362. flammea (Lachnella), 362. flammea (Peziza), 362. flava (Peziza), 242. flavum (Helotium), 241. flaveola (Mollisia ). 218. : flaveola (Pezizella), 218. flaveola (Peziza), 218. flavida (Spathularia), 486. flexella (Patellaria), 93. flexella (Patinella), 93. flexuosa (Orbilia), 146. Alexuosum (Helotium), 263. foecunda (Mollisia), 201. foecunda (Peziza), 201. foecunda (Pseudopeziza), 200. foecunda (Pyrenopeziza), 201. foliacea (Ulvcolla), 140. foliacea (Tremella), 140. fossulae (Neottiella), 376. fossulae (Peziza) 376. foveata (Curreyella), 402. fragariastri (Dasyscypha), 345. fragariastri (Lachnella), 346. frangulae (Dermatella), 123. frangulae (Peziza), 123. frangulae (f'ympanis), 123. fraxini (Hysterium), 29. fraxini (Hysterographium), 29. fraxini (Peziza), 130. fraxint (Tympanis), 130. fraxinicola (Peziza), 126. ructigena (Monilia), 282. INDEX. fructigena (Hymenoscypl:a), 246. fructigena (Peziza), 248, 246. Var. virgultorum, 243. fructigena (Phialea). 246. Sruetigena (Sclerotinia), 281. Suckelti (Helotium). 239. Jugiens (Dasyscypha), 341. fugiens (Lachnella), 341. fugiens (Peziza), 341. fugiens (Trichopeziza), 341. Ffuliginosa (Scleroderris), 124. fuliginosum (Cenangium), 125. fungoiclaster (Octospora), 243. furfuracea (Dermatea), 114. furfuracea (Encoevlia), 114. furfuracea (Peziza), 114. Surfuraceum (Cenangium), 115. furfuraceus (Ascobolus), 161, 162. FSusarioides (Callvria), 151. fusarioides ( Peziza), 151. fusca (Helvella), +61. Jusca (Mollisia), 495. Susca (Tapesia), 218. Var. fusca, 298. » prunicola, 299. fusca (Trichopeziza), £95. fusca (Peziza), 293. Suscescens (Dasyscypha), 318. fuscescens (Lachnella), 348. fuscescens (Lachnum), 345. fuscescens (Peziza), 348. fusisporum ( Lophium), 26. fusisporum (Myiilidion), 20. gallica (Pirottaea), 306. geaster (Lachnea), 290. geaster (Peziza), 390. gemmigenum (Mytilidion), 25. gigas (Gyromitra), 478, 479. gigas (Helvella', 478. gigas (Mitrophora), 474. gigas (Morchella), 474. gigas (Phalius), +74. gigasporus (Ascubolus), 168. glaber (Ascobolus), 160. glabrum (Geoglossum), $91. glumarum (Humaria), 415. glumarum (Peziza), £15. glutinosum (Geoglessum), 496. graminis (Mollisia), 196. graminis (Pc ziza), 196. 511 graminis (Pseudopeziza), 196. gramineum (Helotium), 262. graminum (Belonium). 196. graminum (Stictis), 78. grandis (Otidea), 446. grandis (Peziza), 447. granulata (Humaria), 414. granulata (Peziza), 414. granulatus (Ascobolus), 414. granuliformis (Ascobolus), 174. granuliformis (Ascophanus), 174. gregaria (Lachnea), 320. gregaria (Peziza), 321. Grevillet (Dasyscypha), 359. Grevillei (Mollisia), 359. Grevillei (Peziza), 359. Grevillei (Trichopeziza), 359. grisea (Lachnea), 363. grisea (Peziza), 363. grisella (Dasyscy pha), 368. grisella (Phialea), 369. grisellum (Helotium), 369. guepinoides (Helvella), 462. Guernisaci (Gorgoniceps), 485. Guernisaci (Vibrissea), 488. Var. leptospora, 488. » vibrisseoides, 488. haemastigma (Humaria), 405. haemastigma (Octospora), 405. haemastigma (Peziza), +05. haemastigma (Pyronema), 405. hapala (Erinella), 303. hederae (Hysterium), 35. Hedwigit (Helotium), 243. Hedwigii (Hymenoscypha), 243. Hedwigii (Leucoloma), 374. helminthosporii (Peziza), 224. helotivides (Ombrophila), 1412. helotioides (Peziza), 270. helvelloides (Helvella). 464. helvelloides (Lachnea), 464. helvelloides (Peziza), 464. hemispherica (Lachnea), 295, 518. hepatica (Humaria), 418. hepatica (Peziza), 419, herbarum (Helotium), 255. herbarum (Peziza), 255. ' hexagona (Trichopeziza), 339. hinnulea (Barlaea), 294. hinnulea (Lachnea), 294. 512 hinnulea (Peziza), 294. hinnulea (Sphaerospora), 294 hirneola (Patellaria), 94. hirneola (Patinella), 94. hirsutum (Geoglossum), 492. hirta (Lachnea), 314. hirta (Peziza), 315. hirto-coccinea (Lacbnea), 309. hirto-coccinea (Peziza), 309. horridula (Dasyscypha), 345. horridula (Peziza), 345. horridula (Trichopeziza), 345. Houghtoni (Dermatea), 124. Houghtoni (Dermatella), 124. humigenum (Phacidium), 58. humosa (Humaria), 405. humosa (Peziza), 405. humult (Helotium), 256. humili (Peziza), 256. - hyalina (Dasyscypha), 338. hyalina (Lachnella), 339. hyalina (Peziza), 339. hyalinum (Pseudohelotium), 339. hybrida (Lachnea), 312. hybrida (Peziza), 312. Var. lapidaria, 313. hydnicola (Mollisia), 223. hydnicola (Mollisiella), 223. hydnicola (Peziza), 223. hydnicolum (1’seudohelotium), 223. hyperici (Lecanidion), 107. hyperici (Patellaria), 107. hysterioides (Actidium), 30. hysterioides (Leptostromella), 39. Var. graminicolum, 39. hysterioides (Lophodermium), 40. hysterioides (Phragmonaevia), 85. hysterioides (Stictis), 86. hysterioides (Xyloma), 41. tlicis (Helotium), 260. ilicis (Phacidium), 56. ilcis (Stegia), 62. tlicis (‘Trochila), 62. ilicincola (Mollisia), 222. ilicincola (Mollisiella), 222. ilicincola (Peziza), 222. ilicincolum (Pseudohelotium), 222. imberbe (Helotium), 235. imberbis (Peziza), 236. immersus (Ascobolus), 168. INDEX. immutabile (Helotium), 259. incarnata (Mollisia), 216. incarnata (Peziza), 216. incarnata (Pezizella), 216. indiscreta (Peziza), 459. infestans (Phacidium), 57. inflata (Elvella), 454. inflata (Rhizina), 453. Var. rhizophora), 453. inflatula (Calloria), 149. inflatula (Orbilia), 149. inflatula (Peziza), 419. inflexa (Peziza), 272. infula (Helvella), 459. inquinans (Peziza), 140. inquinans (Bulgaria), 140. insolita (Geopyxis), 380. insolita (Peziza), 380. isabellina (Peziza), 429, Jerdoni (Belonidium), 229. Jerdoni (Peziza), 229. Johnstoni (Peziza), 298. Johnstoni (Tapesia), 298. juglandis (Ascomyces), 18. jugosa (Mollisia), 220. jugosa (Pyrenopeziza), 221. Juncicola (Dasyscypha), 303. juncicola (Erinella), 303. juncina (Mollisia), 214. juncina (Peziza), 214. jungermanniae (Ascobolus), 420. jungermanniae (Humaria), 419. jungermanniae (Peziza), 420 Juniperinum (Hysterium), 42. juniperinum (Lophodermium) 41. Keithit (Humaria), 420. Keithii (Peziza), 421. Kerverni (Ascobolus), 172. Kerverni (Saccobolus), 171. Klotzschiana (Helvella), 462. ras (Chlorosplenium), Kriegeriana (Ombrophila), 288. laburnt (Helotium), 235. laburni (Hymenoscypha), 236. lacteum (Helotium), 269. lacteus (Ascobolus), 269. lacteus (Ascophanus), 269. tacunosa (Helvella), +59. lacustre (Belonidium), 227. lacustris (Niptera), 227. lacustris (Peziza), 227. laetirubra (Peziza), 396. laevigata (Rhizina), 454. laeviusculum (Lophium), 25. laeviusculum (Mytilidion), 25. lanuginosa (Peziza), 391 Var. Sumueri, 391. lapidaria (Lachnea), 313. lapidaria (Peziza), 313. laricina (Tympanis), 131. laricinum (Cenangium), 131. lasia (Calloria), 147. lasta (Orbilia), 146. lasia (Peziza), 147. latitans (Dothidea), 57. latitans (Dothiopsis), 57. latitans (Dothiorella), 57. latitans (Phyllachora), 57. laurocerasi (Trochila), 61. lecanora (Propolis), 83. lecanora (Stictis), 82, 84. lechithinum (Helotium), 233. lechithina (Humaria), 234. lechithina (Peziza), 254. lecideola (Durell), 107. lecideola (Patellaria), 106. lecideola (Peziza), 107. ledi (Crumenula), 134. ledi (Godronia), 154. ledi (Peziza), 134. Leightoni (Calloria), 148. Leightoni Orbilia), 148. leiocarpa (Detonia), 402. leiocarpa (Peziza), 402. lenticulare (Helotium), 236. lenticularis (Peziza), 257. leoninum (Cenangium), 118. leporina (Otidea), 489, leporina (Peziza), 439. leptidium (Phacidium’, 54. leptospora (Peziza), £88. leptospora (Gorgoniceps), 488. jeucoloma (Humaria), 374. leucoloma (Neottiella), 374. leucoloma (Octospora), 374. leucoloma (Peziza), 374, 397. leucomelas (Acetabula), 452. leucomelas (Peziza), 452. VOL. IV. INDEX. 513 leuconica (Dasyscypha), 334. leuconica (Lachnella), 334. leuconica (Peziza), 33+. leucophaea (Dasyscy pha), 371. leucophaeum (Lachnum), 351. leucostigma (Calloria), 147. leucostigma (Orbilia), 147. leucostigma (Peziza), 147. leuculenta (Otidea), 450. leuculenta (Peziza), +50. leuculentum (Leucoloma), 451. Leveilleanus (Ascozonus), 185. Leverlleanus (Ryparobius), 185. Leveillei (Ascozonus), 185., libertiana (Sclerotinia), 280. lichenicolum (Mellitosporium), 88. lichenicola (Stictis), 88. lignicola (Mollisia), 206. lignicola (Pyrenopeziza). 206. lignyota (Karschia), 99. lignyota (Patellaria), 99. ligustri (Tympanis), 131. lineare (Glonium), 33. lineare (Hysterium), 33. Unteicola (Peziza), +28. litigiosum (Phacidium), 191. litigiosa (Fabraea), 191. ' litoralis (Patellaria), 110. litoralis (Peziza), 110. litoralis (Scutularia), 109. livida (Dermat: a), 127. livida (Dermatella), 127, livida (Durella), 127. livida (Lachnea), 322. livida (Patellaria), 127. livida (Peziza), 322. livida (Scleroderris), 127, 494. lividula (Peziza), $37. lonicerae (Lecanidion), 104. lonicerae (Patellaria), 104. lubrica (Leotia), $71. lucifuga (Peziza), 357. lurida (Mollisia), 229. lurida (Peziza), 229. “ luteola (Dasyscypha), 240. luteola (Lachnella), 240. luteolum (Helotium), 240. luteo-vitens (Aleuria), 450. luteo-nitens (Otidea), 449. luteo-nitens (Peziza), 450. luteo-rubella (Calloria , 149. 21 514 luteo-rubella (Orbilia), 149. luteo-rubella (Peziza), 149. luteovirescens (Ciboria), 275. luteovirescens (Hymenoscypha), 275. luteovirescens (Peziza), 275. lutescens (Helotium), 244. Tutescens (Hymenoscypha), 244. lutescens (Octospora), 244. luzulae (Stictis), 78. luzulina (Dasyscypha), 344. luzulina (Lachnella), 344. luzulina (Peziza), 344, macrocalyx (Peziza), 392. macrocystis (Humaria), 411. macrocystis (Peziza), 412. macrospora (Durella), 103. macrospora (Humaria), 422. macrospora (Patellaria), 102. macrospora (Patinella), 93. macrospora (Peziza), 422. macropus (Helvella), 467. macropus (achuea), 467. macropus (Peziza), £67. maculare (Aulographum), 32 maculare (Hysterium), 40. maculare (Lophodermium), 40. Var. ilicinum, 40. majalis (Geopyxis), 377. majalis (Peziza), 377. majuscula (Scleroderris), 125. mali (Mollisia), 206. mali (Pezizella), 207. mali (Pseudohelotium), 207. marchantiae (Helotium), 267. marchantiae (Peziza), 267. margarita (Vibrissea), 487. marginatus (Ascobolus), 161. maura (Patellaria), 101. maura (Peziza), 101. maurilabra (Humaria), 415. maurilabra (Peziza), 415. maurum (Lecanidion), 101. ‘ maximum (Rhytisma), 74. maximus (Cryptomyces), 74. medicaginis (Phacidium), 193. medicaginis (Pseudopeziza), 198. melaleuca (Mollisia), 500. melaleuca (Peziza), 500. melaleucum (Hysterium), 40. INDEX. melaleucum (Lophodermium), 40- Var. pulchellum, 40. melaloma (Humaria), 411. melaloma (Peziza), 411. melaloma (Pyronema), 411. melaspermella (Arthonia), 99. melastoma (Lachnea), 302. melastoma (Peziza), 302. melastoma (Plectania), 302. melatephra (Mollisia), 214. melatephra (Peziza), 214. melaxantha (Dasyscypha), 353. melaxantha (Lachnella), 354. melaxantha (Patellaria), 112. melaxantha (Peziza), 354. melaxantha (Trichopeziza), 354. melaxanthum (Blitrydium), 111. mellea (Peziza), 434. melleum (Helotium), 242. menthae (Helotium), 254. mercurialis (Mollisia), 209. mercurialis (Peziza), 210. micacea (Dasyscypha), 360. micacea (Lachnella), 360. micacea (Peziza), 360. microscopica, (Vibrissea), 489. micropus (Otidea), 444. micropus (Peziza), 444. micrometra (Gorgoniceps), 221. micrometra (Mollisia), 221. micrometra (Peziza), 221. ia ar (Mitrula), 483. ar. tremellosum, 484. microspora (Neottiella), 375. microsporum (Geoglossum), 484, microsporum (Leptoglossum), 483. microsporus (Ascobolus), 174. microsporus (Ascophanus), 173. microstoma (Stictis), 87. microstomus (Cryptodiscus), 87. miliaris (Peziza), 219, 220. miniata (Barlaea), 395. miniatus (Ascobolus), 395. minutissima (Naevia), 59. minutissima (Patellaria), 106. minutissima (Peziza), 224. minutissimum (Phacidium), 59. minutissimus (Ascophanus), 177. minutissimum (Belonidium), 224, minutissimum (Lecanidion), 106. mirabilis (Anthopeziza), 388. INDEX, mirabilis (Peziza), 388. misturae (Humaria), +23. misturae (Peziza), £23. monachella (Helvella), 460. monasteriense (Biatoridium), 96. monilifera (Bisporella), 250. monilifera (Hymenoscypha), 250. moniliferum (Helotium), 249. monilioides (Bispora), 249. multivalve (Phacidium), 56. muralis (Geopyxis), 387. muralis (Peziza), 387. mutabilis (Mollisia), 496. mutabilis (Peziza), 497. mutabilis (Tapezia), 497. myrmothecoides (Psilopeziza), 455. myrmothecoides (Rhizina), 455. mytillinum (Hysterium), 36. mytillinum (Lophium), 26, 36. mytilinum (Lophium), 26. naviculare (Hysterium), 43. nectrioides (Cenangium), 119. nectrioides (Dermatea), 120. nectrioides (Pezicula), 120. Needhami (Pocillum), 498. neglecta (Otidea), 439. neglectus (Saccobolus), 171. nervisequia (Mollisia), 213. nervisequia (Pyrenopeziza), 213. nidulus (Dasyscypha), 350. nidulus (Lachnella), 351. nidulus (Peziza), 351. nidulus (Trichopeziza), 351. nigrella (Peziza), 297. nigrella (Pseudoplectania), 297. nigrella (Sphaerospora), 296. nigricans (Ascodesmis), 19. nigricans (Karschia), 99. nigro-olivacea (Rhizina), 94. nitidula (Hymenoscypha), 263. nitidula (Phialea), 263. nitidulum (Helotium), 263. nitidula (Peziza), 263. nivea (Dasyscypha), 329. nivea (Neottiella), 375. nivea (Octospora), 329. nivea (Peziza), 376. nivea (Schmitzomia), 80. nivea (Stictis), 80. 515 nivea (Trichopeziza), 330, niveum (Lachnum), 330. niveus (Nemacyclus), 80. nuda (Peziza), 498. nuda (Lachnella), 498. nudum (Helotium), 498. nylanderi (Erinella), 303. obscurus (Saccobolus), 169. ocellata (Peziza), 82. ochracea (Ciboria), 276. ochracea (Peziza), 434. ochraceum (Helotium), 237. ochracea (Peziza), 237. ochraceus (Ascophanus), 176. ochraceus (Ascobolus), 176. ochroleuca (Ciboria), 274. ochroleuca (Peziza), 275. oedema (Dasyscypha), 357. oedema (Lachnella), 357. oedema (Peziza), 357. oedema (Trichopeziza), 357. olivacea (Mitrula), 483. olivacea (Patellaria), 94. olivacea (Patinella), 94. olivacea (Peziza), 94. olivaceum (Geoglossum), 483. Var. purpureum, 483. olivaceum (Leptoglossum), 483. ollaris (Humaria), 412. ollaris (Peziza), 410. omphalodes (Humaria), 410. omphalodes (Peziza), 410. omphalodes (Pyronema), 410. onotica (Otidea), 447. onotica (Peziza), 448. oocardi (Humaria), 422. oocardi (Peltidium), 422. oocardi (Peziza), 422 _ ophioglossoides (Geoglossum), 491. ' ostiolatum (Sphaerosoma), 400. ovilla (Neottiella), 372. Var. flavodisca, 372. palearum (Dasyscypha), 347. palearum (Peziza), 348. palearum (Lachnella), 348. pallescens (Helotium), 239. pallida (Patellaria), 98. pallida (Patellea), 97. 516 pallida (Patinella}, 98. pallida (Stictis), 87. pallidus (Cryptodiscus), 86. pallidovirescens (Pezizir), 275. paludosa (Mitrula), 481. palustris (Mollisia), 200. palustris (Patellaria), 200. palustris (Peziza), 200. palustris (Pseudopeziza), 199. papillaris (Dasysvypha), 361. papillaris (Lachnea), 362. papillaris (Lachnella), 362. papillaris (Peziza), 362. parallela (Opegrapha), 64. parallela (Xyloyrapha), 64. Var. pallens, 64. parmeliarum (Abrothallus), 98. parmeliarum (Lecidea), 98. parvispora (Geopyxis), 381. parvisporus (Ascozonus), 181. parvisporus (Ryparobius), 181. patella (Heterosphaeria), 108. patens (Dasyscypha), 348. patula (Dasyscypha), 333. patula (Lachnella), 333. patula (Peziza), 333. patulum (Lachnum), 333. paulula (Mollisia), 196. paulula (Peziza), 196. paulula (Pseudopeziza), 196. Pelletieri (Ascobolus), 180. Pelletiert (Ryparobius), 180. Pelletieri (Thecotheus), 180. Percevali (Acetabula), 452. Percevali (Geopyxis), 453. Percevali (Peziza) 453. peristomalis (Cyathicula), 273. peristomalis (Mollisia), 274. peristomalis (Peziza), 274. perlata (Peziza\, 435. perlata (Discina), 435. Persoonii (Ascobolus), 398. Persoonii (Barlaea), 398. Persoonii (Peziza), 232. Persoonii (Stamnaria), 232. petaloidea (Geopyxis), 382. petaloidea (Peziza), 383. petiolare (Hysterium), 195. petiolaris (Mollisia), 195. petiolaris (Pseudopeziza), 195. petiolaris (Trochila), 195.’ INDEX, petiolorum (Cyathicula), 273. petiolorum (Hymenoscypha , 273. . petiolorum (Peziza), 273. pezizoides (Helvella), 464. phacidioides (Ceuthospora), 57. phacidioides (Phacidium), 58. phacidivides )'Trochila), 59. phaeospora (Schweinitzia), 135. phaeosporum (Cenangium), 135. phalloides (Clavaria). 481. phalloides (Mitrula), 481. Var. alba, 482. phascoides (Helotium), 268. phascoides (Peziza), 268. Phillipsti (Gyromitra), 478. Phillipsit (Humaria), 417. Phillipsii (Peziza), 417. : Phillipsii (Sphaerospora), 295. phlebophora (Otidea), 445. phlebophora (Peziza), 445. phyllogena (Phialea), 258. phyllogenon (Helotium), 258. phyllophila (Peziza), 257. phyllophila (Phialea), 257. phyllophilum (Helotium), 257, 258. Piggotii (Humaria), 407. Piggotii (Peziza), 407. pileatum (Helotium), 238. pilifera (Humaria), 408. pilifera (Peziza), 409. pilosus (Ascophanus), 169, 179. Var. ciliatus, 179. pinastri (Hysterium), 41. pinastri (Leptostroma), 41. ptinastri (Lophodermium), 41. pinastri (Tympanis), 131. ‘pineti (Mollisia), 216. pineti (Peziza), 216, 230. pineti (Pseudohelotium), 216. ‘pint (Coccophacidium), 53. pini (Phacidium), 54. pini (Xyloma), 54. pinicola (Biatorella), 96. pinicola (Pseudographis), 65. pinicolum (Triblidium), 65. plantaginis (Mollisia), 213. plantaginis (Pyrenopeziza), 214. pleurota (Otidea), 443. pleurota (Peziza), 443. pluvialis (Peziza), 421. politum (Helotium), 256, a INDEX. polygoni (Mollisia), 208. ~ polymorpha (Bulgaria), 140. polymorpha (Peziza), 140. polytrichi (Neottiella), 370. polytrichi (Peziza), 372. postuma (Peziza), 280. potentillae (Ascomyces), 16. potentillae ( Taphiina), 16. populi (Exeascus), 17. populnea (Peziza). 115 populneum (Cenangium). 114. prasina (Dasyseypha), 559. prasina (Lachuella), 359. prasina (Trichopeziza), 359. proxima (Patellaria), 101. proximum (Lecauidiou', 102. prunastri (Cenangium), 15%. prunastri (Dermatea), 13%. prunastri (Phaeangella), 137. pruni (Ascomyces), 14. prani (Exoascus). 15. prunicola (Tapesia), 299. pruinosum (Belonidium), 226. pruinosum (Helotium), 226. pseudotuberosa (Ciboria), 278. pseudotuberosa (Hymenoscypha), 279. pseudotuberos. (Sclervtinia}, 279. pseudopeziza (Mollisia). 19+. pseudoplatani (Dermuatea), 125. ptarmicae (Labrella), 35. ptarmicae (Leptothyrium), 55. ptarmicae (Schizothyrium). 55. pteridina (Stictis), 89. pteridinum (Melittosporium), $3. pteridis (Dasyscypha), 365. pteridis (Lachnella), 368. pteridis (Peziza), 368. pteridis (Trichopeziza), 368. (Dasyscypha ), 355. puberula (Lacbnella), 356. puberula (Peziza), 355.. puberulum (Pseudohelotium), 356. pulicare (Hysterium), 26. pulla (Bulgaria), 141. pulla (Bulgariella), 141. pulla (Helvella), 464. pulla (Patellaria), 141. piullum (Belonidium), pullum (Belonium), 228. pulveracea (Peziza), 116. DIX, oe er pulveraceum (C-vangium), 115. pulcerulenta (Dasysevpha), 354. pulverulenta (Peziza). 354. punctatum (Riyt.sma), 71. puuctatum Nylon a), 71. punctiforme (Helotium), 259. punctiforme (P-eudohelotium), 259. punetiformis (Occllaria), 84. punctifurmis (P-ziza), 259. punctiformis (i" zizella), 259. punctiformis (Phylachor.), 19+. punctiformis (Stictis), o4. punctoidea (D..sv-vypua), S41. punctoidea (Lachnella), 341. punctvideum (Helotimn), 341. punctoideum(Pseudohelotium),341. purpurascens (Hutuaria), 414. purpurascens (Peziza), £19. purpurea (Ombrophila), 153. pustulata (Peziza), 459 ‘pygmaea (Dasyscypha), 353. pygmaea (Lachnella), 353, pygmaea (Peziza), 353. pyrt (Ocellaria), >5. pyrinum (Sclerotium), 282. pyxidata (Peziza). 269. quadratum (Phacidium), 45. quadratus, (Covcomyces). Ht. Queletii (Cudoniella), $72. Queletii (Leotiz), 472. quercina (Clithris), 63. quercina (Dichaena), 43. quercina (Opegrapha), 43. quercinum (Colpema), ¢ 2. quisquilarum (Masseea), 403. quisquilarum (Peziza), 403. radians (Phacidium), 193. radians ' Pseudopeziza), 193. radiata ‘Schmitzomia), 78. radiata (stiectis), 77. radiatum Lycoperdon), 78. radicalis (Ephelina), 75. radicalis (Rhytisma), 75. radiculata (Ge pyxis), 379. radiculata (Licinea), 379. radiculat: (Peziza), 379, 380. radiculata (Sarcosevpha . 379. radula (Curreyell.), 401. radula (Peziza), 4U1. 518 radula (Phaeopeziza), 401. ranunculi (Mollisia), 191. ranunculi (Phlyctidium), 191. ranuneuli (Pseudopeziza), 191. rapulum (Geopyxis), 384. rapulum (Peziza), 385. Reesii (Gymnoaseus), 19. Relhani (Verpa), 470. renispora (Ciboria), 259. renisporum (Helotium), 258. renisporum (Hymenoscypha), 259. repanda (Discina), 429. repanda (Farlowia), 24. repanda (Peziza), 428. repanda, (Pseudopeziza), 193. repandum (Helotium), 255. repandum (Hysterium), 24. repandum (Phacidium), 194. resinaria (Dasyscypha), 343. yesinaria (Lachnella), 344. resinaria (Peziza), 344. vesinae (Biatorella), 95, 105. resinae (Peziza), 96. resinae (Tromera), 96. reticulata (Discina), 426. reticulata (Peziza), 426. retrusa (Calloria), 204. retrusa (Orbilia), 204. retrusa (Peziza), 204. retrusa (Pseudopeziza), 204. rhabdosperma (Peziza), 300. rhabdosperma (‘Tapesia), 300. rhabarbarina (Dermatea), 123. rhabarbarina (Pezicula), 124. rhabarbarina (Peziza), 123. rbinanthi (Ephelina), 75. rhizophila (Ciboria), 264. thizophila (Hymenoscypha), 264. rhizophilum (Helotium), 264. rhizophora (Octospora), 454. rhodoleuca (Hymenoscypha), 268. rhodoleuca (Propolis), 81. rhodoleuca (Peziza), 268. rhodoleucum (Helotium), 268. rhytismatis (Dasyscypha), 329. rhytismae (Lachnella), 329. rhytismae (Peziza), 329. tibesia (Peziza), 121. sibesia (Scleroderris), 121. ribesia (Sphaeria), 121. ribis (Cenangium), 121. INDEX. ribis (Fuckelia), 121. riccia (Mollisia), 204, riccia (Niptera), 204. rosae (Pezizae), 298. rosae (Propolis), 81. rosae (Tapesia), 298. roseum (Sclerotium), 282. Roumegueri (Humaria), 413. Var. carnosissima, 414. Rousselii (Hysterographium), 28. Rousselii (Hysterium), 29. rubella (Calloria), 145, 207. rubella (Orbilia), 145, rubella (Peziza), 145. ruber (Gymnoascus), 19. rubi (Cenangium), 199. rubi (Coccomyces), 52. rubi (Excipula), 198. rubi (Dermatea), 123. rubi (Patellaria), 123. rubi (Phacidium), 53. rubi (Pseudopeziza), 198. rubi (Pyrenpeziza), 198. rubi (Scleroderris), 123. rubicola (Calloria), 146. rubicola (Orbilia), 146. rubra (Lachnea), 313. rubra, (Peziza), 314. rubro-tingens (Patellaria), 93. rubro-tingens (Patinella), 92. rudis (Ombrophila), 142. rudis (Peziza), 143. rujipes (Verpa), 469. rufo-olivacea (Lachnella), 136. rufo-olivacea (Peziza), 136. ee pinoeen (Schweinitzia), 135, rufum (Agyrium), 150. Var. pallens, 150. rutilans (Humaria), 406. rutilans (Peziza), 372, 407. saccharinus (Ascobolus), 178. saccharinus (Ascophanus), 178. saccobolus (Ascobolus), 170. salicella (Peziza), 246. salicellum (Helotium), 245. salicinum ((Melasmia), 72. salicinum (Rhytisma), 71. salicinum (Xyloma), 72. salmonicolor (Humaria), 420. INDEX. salmonicolor (Peziza), 420. sanguinea (Peziza’, 301. sanguinea (Tapesia), 301. saniosa (Galactinia), 437. saniosa (Peziza), +36. sareoides (Coryne), 153. schizospora (Barlaea, 399. schizospora (Peziza), 296, 399. Schumacheri (Lachnella), £95. seintillans (Dasyscy pha), 328. scirpi (Peziza), 227 sclerotioides (Helotium), 271. sclerotium (Peziza), 280. sclerotiorum (Hymenoscyphia), 280. sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia), 280. scoparium (Helotium), 234. Scotica (Orbilia), 144. scruposa (Urceolaria), 88. scrupulosa (Dasyscypha), 365. scrupulosa (Lachnella), 365. scrupulosa (Peziza), 365. serupulosum §(Pseudohelotium), 366. scutellata (Lachnea), 315. scutellata (Peziza), 315. scutula (Helotium), 253. forma fucata, 254 so» lys machiae, 254. » menthae, 254 » udbeckiae, 254. scutula (Hymenoscypha), 25+. scutula (Peziza), 254+. scutula (Phialea), 254. semiimmersa (Humaria), 392. semiimmersa (Sepultaria), 391. semiimmersa (Peziza), 392. semilibera (Mitrophora), +74. semilibera (Morchella), 474. senecionis (Echinella), 306. senecionis (Peziza), 306. sepiatra (Peziza), 430. sepincolum (Schizoxylon), 69. sepulta (Lachnea), 390. sepulta (Peziza), 390. sepulta (Sepultaria), 389. seriata (Naevia), 60 seriata (Sclerodertis), 121. seriata (Stictis), 59. seriatum , Cenangium), 122. seriatum (Phacidium), 59. serotina (Hymenoscypha), 241. | t 519 serotina (Peziza), 241. serotinum (Helotium), 241. setosa (Lachnea), 312. setosa (Peziza), 312. setulosa (Echinella), 305. sexdecemsporus (Ascobolus), 182. sexdecemsporus (Ascophanus), 182. ' seadecemsporus (Ryparobius), 182. siparia (Dasyscy pha), 367. siparia (Lachnella), 368. siparia (Peziza), 367. simulata (Pseudopeziza), 198. simulatum (Phacidium , 198. Smithiana (Morchella), 476. solfatera (I)asyscypha), 354. solfatera (Lachnella), 354. solfatera (Peziza), 354. Soppittti (Dasyscypha), 330. sordida (Hymenoscypha), 239. sordida (Pezizella), 239. sordida (Phialea), 239. sordidum (Helotium), 239. Sowerbyi (Helotium), 248. spadicea (Dasyscypha), 363. spadicea (Lachnella), 363. spadicea (Peziza), 363. sphaeralis (Laqueria), 68. sphaeroides (Mollisia), 200. sphaeroides (Peziza), 200. sphaeroides (Pseudopeziza), 200. sphaeroides (Pyrenopeziza), 200. sphaerospora (Lagerheima), 97. spbaerospora (Patellaria), 97. spirotricha (Peziza), 340. spirotricha (Trichopeziza), 540. spurium (Sphaeronema), 138. stellatarum (Placosphaeria), 194. stercoraria (Peziza), 163. stercorea (Lachnea), 169, 311. stercorea (Peziza), 311. stereicola (Calloria), 356. stereicola (Dasyscypha), 356. stereicola (Peziza), 356. stereicola (Trichopeziza), 356. sterigmatizans (Peziza), 431. Stevensoni (Dasyscypha), 364. Stevensoni (Lachnella), 564. Stevensoni (Peziza), 364. stigmella (Dasyscypha), 369. stigmatella (Lachnella), 369. stictis (Phacidioides), 59. 520 INDEX. stictis (Xylographa), 64. Stockii (Belonidium), 307. Stockit (Echinella), 307. Stockii (Lachnella), 307. Stockii (Peziza), 307. stramineum (Mollisia), 215. stramineum (Pseudohelotium), 215. straminum (Peziza), 215. striatus (Coccomyces), 51. striatum (Phacidium), 52. Strickeri (Patellaria), 99. strobilina (Dichaena,,, 44. strobilina (Hendersonia), 45. strobilina (Hymenoscypha), 267. strobilina (Peziza), 267. strobilina (Sphaeria), 45. strobilina (Stictis), 81. strobilinum (Helotium), 267. subcostata (Helvella), 461. subfuscus (Ascophanus), 176. subhirsuta (Pyronema), 416. subhirsuta (Peziza), 412, 416. Var. macrocystis, 412. ‘subhirsutus (Ascozonus), 184. subhirsutus (Ryparobius), 184. sublateritium (Helotium), 253. sublenticulare (Helotium), 249. sublivida (Lachnea), 319. subnitida (Phaeangella), 137. subnitidum (Cenangium), 137. subrepanda (Peziza), 433. subsessile (Helotium), 270. subtecta (Patellaria), 105. subtectum (Lecanidion), 105. subtile (Helotium), 266. subtilis (Hymenoscypha), 266. subtilis (Peziza), 266. subtilis (Phialra), 266. subtilissima (Dasyscypha), 342. subtilissima (Lachnella); 343. subtilissima (Peziza), 343. subularts (Ciboria), 277. subularis (Hymenoscypha), 277. subularis (Peziza), 277. succinea (Calloria), 495, succinea (Ocellaria), 83. succinea (Orbilia), 494. succineus (Dacryomyces), 495. succosa (Galactinia), 438. succosa (Peziza), 438. sulcata (Helvella), 459. sulfurea (Dasyscypha), 352. sulfurea (Peziza), 351. Var. leucophaea, 351. sulfurea (Trichopeziza), 304. sulfureum (Lachnum), 352. sulphurata (Peziza), 265. sulphurea (Dasyscypha), 304. sulphuratum (Helotinm), 265. Sumneriana (Lachnea), 391. Sumneriana (sepultaria), 391. Sydowiana (Ciboria), 259 tami (Dasyscynha), 340. tami (Peziza), 340. Var. humili, 340. tantilla (Lecidea), 96. tectoria (Peziza), 433. tenacellus (Ryparobius), 181. tenuispora (Sarcoscypha), 382. terrestre (Phacidium), 58. Var. humigenum, 58. terrestre (Podophacidium), 58. terrigenum (Helotium), 238. testacens (Ascobolus), 179. testaceus (Ascophanus), 179. tetraspora (Keithia), 49. tetrasporum (Phacidium), 50. teucrit (Mollisia), 210. teucrii (Niptera), 210. teucrii (Pseudolelotium), 210. theleboloides (Lachnea), 317. theleboloides (Peziza), 317. trachycarpa (Curreyella), 401. trachycarpa (Detonia)‘ 402. trachycarpa (Peziza), 402. trechispora (Humaria) 293. trechispora (Lachnea), 293. trechispora (Peziza), 293. trechispora (Sphaerospora), 292. tremellosum (Geoglossum), 484. tremellosum (Leptoglossum), 484. trichoidea (Dasyscypha), 358. trichodea (Lachnella), 358. trichodea (Peziza), 358. tricolor (Dasyscypha), 364. tricolor (Lachnella), 364. tricolor (Peziza), 364. trientalis (Ascomyces), 18. trifolii (Ascobolus), 190. trifolii (Mollisia), 190. trifolii (Peziza), 201 trifolti (Pseudopeziza), 190. irifoliorum (Sclerotinia), 285. tripolit (Pseudopeziza), 201. truncorum (Leotia), 487. truncorum (Vibrissea, 487. tuba (Helotium), 271. Var. ochracea, 276. tuba (Hymenoscypha), 271. tuba (Peziza), 271. tuba (Phialea), 271. tuberosa (Octospora), 280. tuberosa (Hymenoscypha), 280, tuberosa (Sclerotinia), 279. turbinata (Vibrissea), £39. turgidus (Ascomyces), 17. turgidus (Exoascus), 18. typhae (Mollisia), 191. typhae (Pseudopeziza), 190. typhinum (Hysterium), 38. typhinum 'Lophodermium), 33. ulcerata (Calloria), 201. ulcerata (Orbilia), 201. uleerata (Peziza), 201. ulicis (Cenangella), 137. ulicis (Dermatea), 137. ulicis (Phaeangella), 136. uliginosa (Hymenoscypha), 245. uliginosum (Helotium), 24. uliginosa (Peziza), 245. umbonatum (Xyloma)), 72. umbrata (Lachnea), 309. umbrata (Peziza), 310. umbrina (Dermatea), 118. umbrina (Peziza), 445. umbrinum (Cenangium), 118. umbrorum (Lachnea), 311. umbrorum (Peziza), 316. umbrosa (Peziza), 316. undata (Geopyxis), 387. undata (Peziza), 337. undulata (Rhizina), 454. unica ( Robergea), 67. urceoliformis (Crumenula), 133. urceoliformis (Godronia), 133. urnalis (Bulgaria ’, 153. urnalis (Coryne), 153. urnalis (Ombrophila), 153. urticae (Cylindrocolla), 151. urticae (Hymenoscypha), 252. VOL. IV. INDEX. §21 urticicola (Mollisia), 210. urticae (Rhytisma), 73. urticae (Xyloma), 73. vaccinit (Phacidium), 57. Vaccinium (Hysterium), 39, vagum (Aulographum), 31. varians (Arthonia), 110. varians (Celidium), 110. varians (Lichen), 110. vectis (Echinella), 304. vectis (Peziza), 304. vectis (Pirottaea), 305. veneta (Pirottaea), 306. venosa (Discina), £52. venosa (Peziza), 431. ventosa (Mollisia), 224. , ventosa (Peziza), 224. ventosum (Belonidium), 223. vermifera (Patellaria), 109. vermifera (Scutularia), 109. vernale (Phacidium), 194. versicolor (Mollisia), 218. versicolor (Peziza), 219. versicolor (Propolis), $1. versicolor (Pseudohelotium). 219. versiforme (Chlorosplenium), 287. versiforme (Sphaeronema), 123. versiformis (Coryne), 287. versiformis (Peziza), 287. vesiculosa (Helvella), 425. vesiculosa (Peziza), 425. Var. cerea, 426. vexatum (Belonidium), 228. vibrisseoides (Helotium). 489. riburnicola (Molisia), 213. viburnicola (Peziza), 213. viburnicola (Pyrenopeziza), 213. vinosa (Calloria), 146. vinosa (Orbilia), 145. vinosa (Peziza), 146. . vinosus (Ascobolus), 159, violacea (Humaria), 417. violacea (Patellaria), 9+. violacea (Patinella), 94. violacea (Peziza), 417. violascens (Barlaea), 398. violascens (Peziza), 398. violascens (Saccobolas), 170. virginea (Dasyscypha), 327. virginea (Lachnella), 327. 2M 522 virgineum (Lachnum), 327. virginea (Peziza), 327. virgultorum (Hymenoscypba), 246. virgultorum (Helotium), 246. virgultorum (Hysterium), 35. virgultorum (Hy poderma), 35 virgultorum (Peziza), 248, 246. virgultorum (Phialea), 246. Var. fructigenum, 246. viridaria (Humaria), 424. viridaria (Peziza), 424. viride (Geoglossum), 483. viride (Leptoglossum), 483. viride (Mitrula), 482. viridis (Ascobolus), 165, 166. viridulus (Ascobolus), 164. viscosum (Geoglossum), 490. vitellina (Lachnea), 316. vitellina (Peziza), 316. vivida (Peziza), 372. vulgare (Leptostroma), 25. INDEX. vulgare (Leptothyrium), 35. vulgaris (Acetabula), 451. vulgaris (Mollisia), 200. vulgaris (Pezizella), 202. Wauchii (Cryptomyces), 74. Wilkommii (Peziza), 342. Winteri (Anthopeziza), 388. Woolhopeia (Lachnea), 320. Woolhopeia (Peziza), 320. Woolhopensis (Ascozonus), 184. Woolhopensis (Ryparobius), 184. Wrightii (Barlaea), 395. Wrightii (Peziza), 396. azanthomela (Humaria), 416. xanthomela (Peziza), 416. xanthostigma (Calloria), 148. xanthostigma (Orbilia), 148. xanthostigma (Peziza), 148. Xylomoides (Hysterium), 41. THE END. LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONs, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.