Bt ay ee Fate Stitt ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY EVERETT FRANKLIN PHILLIPS BEEKEEPING LIBRARY a ee CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY [ee] 1} Depth of ordinary cell. . . - - 19 tolg Number ofcellg , « « * =< 6 « # & © & © 4 21106 Honey cells, about ©. 2. - - 6 ee et ttt 2000 “This nest had been deserted on account of the attacks of a Moth, figured in Pl. XXII. fig. 8c, which had fairly taken possession of the citadel, as I have often seen in other instances. ‘The cocoons of some of the escaped moths protruded % of an inch above the level of the comb, which, as it then was, still weighed three pounds.” I remember at Bareilly, in 1856, as Mr. Berkeley was sitting in his veranda, on the voof-beam of which a comb of these bees was hanging, he saw them assembling in great commotion, and soon after aiJ swarmed off. He sent me the comb forthwith, and I made careful notes upon it, which were destroyed in the Great Indian Mutiny of 1857. In this instance the comb was beautifully clean and semitransparent, one of the first year, and, held between the eye and the light, did not at first reveal any thing. The eggs were there, the seeds of destruction; and I watched it day by day till it all crumbled down into a mass of silk and exuvie, some forty or fifty moths having been meanwhile hatched therefrom. In this case it is clear that the bees fled at the first attack of the quiet little moths. But to return to the Mainpuri nest. ‘The mouths of the thick new honey-cells were quite circular from the quantity of wax applied; those of the pupa-cells were hexagonal, as, of course, were the walls of the honey-cells interiorly. ‘The Moth had deposited its eggs at the bottom of the cells prepared for storing honey; and the grubs were working their straight galleries in the flooring between the cells, always working at right angles, and at present feeding on the wax. As they proceeded they wove themselves silken tubes, probably for the purpose of protection.” As, however, they grew larger and stronger they formed their galleries right through the cells, not touching the flooring-wax ; and they then spun over the mouth of the cells and changed to the pupa-state. About sixteen moths had escaped from these pupa- cases which had been spun up in the cells and which protruded from them; and many caterpillars were then working within the comb. The habits of these bees have been so often described, that I shall now only mention their plan of covering certain cells scattered over the comb, presenting a curious appear- ance on its face, which led me to examine them. On one side I counted 186 of such closed cells, and on the other 229, making a total of 415, which appears a large FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. 183 number. I opened many of these, and found them to contain beautifully preserved re- mains of bees in various stages, whatever their age may have been at the time of death. The grub of Galleria mellolella, the moth above referred to, is of a dull green, very circular, and somewhat tough; and it appears to eat the young bees, the bee-bread, honey, or wax, as may come most handy. I will now give a few instances of their disposition :— “A curious accident occurred at this place on Sunday last. A number of bees had built upon the cornice round the tower of the church of St. Paul’s, in the Civil Lines, just below the steeple. On Sunday, after the morning service, the bees, disturbed either by a pellet or a stone thrown into their midst, or from some other cause, suddenly attacked a pair of horses in a carriage and stung them so severely that both the animals died the next day. The coachman also was severely stung. It was considered unsafe to hold divine service in the church again that day.”—Agra, April 14, 1867. On another occasion my camp was pitched at 86j, October 19, 1866, under a large Peepul tree. In the camp was my riding elephant, which animal is very fond of the leaves and small boughs of this tree. To enable him to enjoy them he was fastened under the tree, which he shook considerably in his endeavour to break off branches; this disturbed a nest of bees who had an enormous comb high on one of the branches. At first three or four bees came down to see; they flew back, and brought down some fifty or sixty with them: these did not attack the Elephant, but stung almost every one in camp, cattle grazing near, and even a stray dog, which I think they /illed. The strangest thing was that a man lying quite unprotected and fast asleep (named Cheda), clad with only a waistcloth, was quite unmolested; and I have often employed him to take the nests of aculeate hymenoptera for me, as they do not harm him, what- ever he does. How is this to be accounted for? The natives say that he smells offensively to insects. I will give two more instances. The bees, in February 1865, had formed their comb on a large tree near the old bridge (on the Grand Trunk Road at Mainpurt) over the river Esa, in a grove of trees at the road-side where travellers usually encamp when marching. My servants were so encamped when attacked by the bees, who had pro- bably been disturbed by the smoke of their cooking-fires. As Hindoos eat very lightly clad, they got sorely stung. One was nearly drowned in the river in his endeavours to keep under the water and so evade them; another ran between two and three miles, and was found by the villagers (who took him for a maniac) sitting on the ground throwing sand over himself. It is generally an hour or two ere quiet is restored; and the pertinacity of the insects in following a person is very extraordinary. They espy the smallest bare spot and instantly implant their stings. They also cause great annoyance, and disfigure old buildings, such as the Taj Mehal at Agra, with their pendent combs. Many vain attempts have been made to clear them 184 MESSRS. C. HORNE AND F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTERA from the beautiful white marble arches ; but as goon as a nest is destroyed it is renewed at a few feet distance. They sometimes choose cupboards to build their nests in; and when in one case they had made their comb in one in daily use, they molested no one. This was at Nynee Tal, in the veranda of a house called Maldon, now the Govern- ment House. or pak The manner in which these bees adhere, after having planted their stings, as com- pared with the habits of the Polistes, is worthy of note, although of course every one knows how often they leave their stings behind them in the wound, and thus meet their own death. In one case of an attack by bees in the camp of Mr. B. W. Colvin, Magistrate, of Mainpuri, they looked, I am told, like a black mass of insects on the clothes on the backs of our men, upon which they had alighted; and in this case, I imagine, most of them were unable to withdraw their stings from the cotton-cloth jackets in which they had fixed them. Besides the moth before alluded to, these insects have many enemies. Merops viridis (the Bee-eater) plays sad havoc amongst them; but in the hills, at least, the lizards, who live in the cracks of the rocks and in the hollows in the stone walls, are still more destructive. Colonel H. Ramsay, C.B., the Commissioner of Kumaon, with whom I was staying last year, near Almorah, North-west Province, settled many hives in trunks of trees covered up with stones, but could make nothing of them by reason of the lizards, the large blue species so common in the Himaleh, probably Tiliqua rufescens. These animals would lie in wait and snap up the bees, regardless of their stings, as they alighted at the hive; in fact, they fairly destroyed several swarms. Again, the Crested Honey-Buzzard (Pernis cristata), a small hawk, darts down on the comb and carries off a large portion in its claws, which, in spite of the bees, who fly at and attack it on all sides, it quietly eats on a neighbouring bough. How it escapes their stings I could never make out. I once also saw a nest of Jcaria taken off a cornice just as 1 was preparing to secure it, having brought a ladder for the purpose ; and these insects sting even more viciously than the bees. Again, in the hills, as all know, the bears make prodigious efforts to get at the comb and honey when in trees. They also eat, I believe, the grubs and bee-bread; and although they seem annoyed, they care little for the bee-stings. These insects often hang their combs under rocks where no bear can touch them, and where they are also well sheltered from the weather. Mr. - Moore, of the India Office, has kindly and carefully compared the Galleria of the North-west Provinces with the specimen of the English species in the British Museum, and holds it to be the same insect, viz. Galleria mellolella—which is a very ‘curious fact, the more so as this species extends over the whole of the North-western Provinces of India. The native name of this bee in the North-west Provinces is Dingar. FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. 185 TRIGONA RUFICORNIS, Smith. This is one of the smallest honey-bees I have ever met with; and its habits are curious. I noticed it under the following circumstances; and I never again met with its nest, although the natives all know it. One evening, at Benares (April 4, 1863), as I was standing at my door I saw a swarm of from 400 to 500 of what I took to be midges rapidly flying about in a mazy kind of dance, occupying a space of five or six feet, and being about ten feet from the ground. I brought out my insect-net and caught about a hundred in one sweep, when, to my surprise, they proved to be bees. On watching them I observed that they went in and out of a little hole in the wall close by, under a beam where was a hollow, and that many of their thighs were laden with pollen. The insects seemed quite harmless, walking about my hand and not attempting to sting. Digging out some bricks with care, I came on a portion of their nest. The space it occupied appeared to have been originally eaten out by Zermites. It was coated on all sides with a layer of black wax, and in it was stored their honey. The waxen cells were of a dark brown colour and very globular, pendent side by side from the roof, and not, as far as I could see, arranged hexagonally. The honey was very dark in colour, but excellent in flavour; and I was told by the natives that it possessed medicinal qualities. It had a slight astringency; and, con- sidering the size of the insect, the quantity stored was very large. I was also told that these insects commonly use hollow trees, in which they store astonishing quantities of honey, which is diligently sought for and highly prized. ‘They called them ‘“‘ Bhonga,” which appears to me to be a generic name for all bees in the North-west Provinces. Large bricks prevented my digging further, so that I cannot describe their breeding-cells. The bees continued to fly in the manner before described till dark, and did not desert their nest. Note.—As when in India I refrained from capturing the domesticated bees, I had no specimens in my collection; but from examples since obtained I have reason to believe that the species in general domestication is either Apis indica or A. nigrocincta. Both these species are much smaller; and the comb made in the cupboard at Maldon, Nynee Tal, in 1849, was probably their work, as they prefer hollows of trees, or even crevices in rocks, as opposed to A. dorsata, which hang their combs from the under- side of boughs of trees or rocks. All the notes above recorded, with this exception, apply to A. dorsata, whose savage disposition would seem ill to brook captivity. VOL. VI.—PART 1. April, 1870. 2D 186 MESSRS. C. HORNE AND F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTERA APPENDIX. [Seventeen new species are herein described: seven belong to the Fossorial Group of Hymenoptera, five belong to the Family Vespide, and five to the Apide. The habits of eight species are more or less detailed in the Notes by Mr. Horne. The economy of the genera Pison and Parapison is for the first time made known; and considerable addition is made to our previous knowledge of the habits of several other genera, particularly of the species of Pemphredon, and also of the social Apide. Very little has been previously published on the habits of Indian Hymenoptera derived from actual observation. ‘The type specimens have been liberally presented by Mr. Horne to the British Museum.—F. S.] Fam. POMPILID. 1. PoMPILUS MACULIPES. Female. Length 84 lines. Black, and thinly covered with cinereous pile; a white spot on the posterior tibiee near their base. Head—the clypeus and cheeks bright and silvery in certain lights; the anterior margin of the former rounded; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. The coxe beneath and the sides of the metathorax silvery bright, the latter rounded, smooth, and shining; the wings hyaline, the nervures black, with a fuscous cloud occupying the marginal cell and crossing the wing down to the posterior margin of the third discoidal cell. Abdomen smooth, shining, and pilose. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. 2. AGENIA MUTABILIS. Female. Length 33 lines. Black, and covered with a fine changeable silky silvery pile. Head covered with silvery pile, which is most dense and bright on the cheeks and clypeus, the anterior margin of the latter rounded ; the palpi testaceous, the apical joints palest. Thorax silvery, most bright and dense on the coxe; metathorax rounded pos- teriorly, with a deep fossulet in the middle of its base, down the centre runs a marked or defined channel; the wings hyaline, the nervures black; the posterior femora bright ferruginous. Abdomen covered with a beautiful changeable silvery pile, its brilliancy changing in every fresh position, the apical segment very smooth and shining. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. 187 Fam. SPHEGID. 1, AMMOPHILA FUSCIPENNIS. Male. Length 93 lines. Black, with red legs. Head with scattered black pubescence, punctured, but not closely so; a little silvery pubescence on each side of the clypeus and above it as high as the insertion of the antenne ; the clypeus emarginate, the angles of the emargination prominent; the scape of the antenne ferruginous. Thorax coarsely rugulose; the metathorax obliquely striated; wings fusco-hyaline, with a violet iridescence; the legs red, with the coxe and claw-joint of the tarsi black. Abdomen black, the basal portion of the petiole more or less ferruginous; the rest of the abdomen with a fine silky pile, observable in certain lights. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. 2. PELOPQUS CURVATUS. Female. Length 6 to 7 lines. Black, variegated with yellow and ferruginous, the petiole black and curving upwards. Head—a spot on the clypeus and the scape of the antenne in front reddish yellow ; the mandibles ferruginous near their apex. Thorax—a narrow line on the collar, the tegule, a transverse spot on the scutellum pointed at each end, and a spot at the insertion of the petiole on the metathorax yellow; the legs ferruginous, with the coxe, trochanters, a line inside and outside of the femora, as well as the tips of the joints of the tarsi, black. The apical margin of the first segment of the abdomen with a broad reddish-yellow band; a narrow band of the same colour on the apical margins of the other segments; the abdomen curving downwards. ‘The thorax trans- versely rugose, the metathorax most coarsely so; the wings hyaline, with the nervures bright ferruginous. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. The form of the abdomen of this insect is the same as that of Pelopeus deformis from North China. * Fam. LARRIDZ. Genus PARAPISON. The characters of this genus are in all respects the same as those of the genus Pison, excepting the absence of the petiolated second submarginal cell; it can therefore only be regarded as a division of that genus. Shuckard, in his Monograph on these insects, proposed a divisional name (Pisonitus). The following are the characters of the genus and its divisions :— Gen. Pison. The eyes reniform ; the anterior wings with three submarginal cells, the 2D2 188 MESSRS. C. HORNE AND F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTERA second petiolated; the recurrent nervures either interstitial or both received by the second submarginal cell. Gen. Pisonitus. The anterior wings with three submarginal cells, the second petio- lated; the first recurrent nervure received towards the apex of the first submarginal cell, the second recurrent received about the middle of the second submarginal cell. Gen. Parapison. ‘The anterior wings with two submarginal cells, the first recurrent- nervure received towards the apex of the first submarginal cell, the second recurrent nervure uniting with the apical nervure of the first submarginal cell, usually known as the first transverso-median nervure. In all these divisions the eyes are reniform, as in Vespa; and inall, the apical margins of the abdominal segments are more or less depressed. 1. PaRAPISON RUFIPES. (Plate XXI. fig. 1a.) Female. Length 3 lines. Black, with the legs red. Head—the cheeks, clypeus, and emargination of the eyes with bright silvery pile; the mandibles ferruginous, the palpi pale ferruginous. Thorax—the posterior margin of the prothorax and the sides of the metathorax with silvery pubescent pile; the meso- thorax with a deep central longitudinal channel and a short impressed line between it and the tegule; the metathorax has also a deep longitudinal channel, which is broadest and deepest at its origin at the postscutellum; the wings hyaline and iridescent; the legs ferruginous, with their coxe black, the apical joints of the tarsi dusky. Abdomen smooth, shining, and delicately punctured; the apical margins of the segments with changeable bright silvery pubescence; the sides of the abdomen very bright and glitter- ing; beneath smooth and shining. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. Fam. CRABRONIDZ. 1. TRYPOXYLON INTRUDENS. Female. Length 4-44 lines. Black, with the second and third segments of the abdomen red, legs more or less testaceous. Head shining and delicately punctured, with an impressed line in front of the anterior ocellus; the clypeus and the emargination of the eyes with bright silvery pubescence ; tips of the mandibles ferruginous, the palpi pale testaceous; the extreme apex of the joints of the antenne more or less rufo-testaceous. Thorax smooth and shining, with a few very fine punctures; the collar and sides of the metathorax silvery, the latter with a deep central longitudinal impression; a semicircular enclosed space at the base of the metathorax, which is transversely striated; the legs black, with the tips of the coxe, the trochanters, the base of the tibiz, and the tips of the joints of the tarsi pale testaceous; the wings colourless and brilliantly iridescent. The petiole more than FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. 189 half the length of the abdomen; the second and third segments red, with a fuscous spot in the middle of each. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. This insect was bred from cocoons constructed by Parapison rufipes, it having taken possession of one of the cells and reared its own young therein. 2. TRYPOXYLON REJECTOR. (Plate XXI. fig. 4.) Female. Length 54 lines. Black, with the second and third segments of the abdomen red, the legs black. Head—the clypeus and the emargination of the eyes silvery; tips of the mandibles ferruginous, the palpi pale testaceous; an impressed line in front of the anterior ocellus, terminating at an elevated carina just above the insertion of the antenne. Thorax smooth and shining on the disk; the sides of the metathorax with silvery pubescence, and a smooth enclosed space at its base divided by a central channel, beyond the enclosure it widens into a deep and wide fossulet; wings subhyaline, their apical margins clouded and beautifully iridescent; legs entirely black. Abdomen with a long petiole, and smooth and shining; the second and third segments red, their apical margins more or less fuscous. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. This species was bred from cells constructed by Pterochilus pulchellus. Fam. EUMENID. 1. EUMENES MAINPURIENSIS. (Plate XX. fig. 3a.) Male. Length 5 lines. Black, with yellow bands and spots, and thinly covered with short pale pubescence. Head and thorax very closely punctured; the clypeus and a narrow line running upwards and terminating in a round spot yellow; the apical joint or hook of the antenne reddish yellow; the tips of the mandibles ferruginous. ‘Thorax—the anterior margin of the prothorax yellow above; the tegule and postscutellum yellow; the tibie, tarsi, and apex of the femora yellow; the posterior tarsi, and apex of the tibiz above, fuscous; the wings subhyaline, the anterior margin of the anterior pair more or less fuscous. Abdomen with all the segments irregularly bordered with yellow; petiole pyriform, the yellow border deeply emarginate in the middle, and on each side of it a deep impression ; the second segment with a small transverse oblong yellow spot on each side, and the yellow border deeply emarginate in the middle and narrowed laterally ; the borders of the other segments narrower ; the abdomen is slightly shining, finely and closely punctured, but not so closely as the head and thorax. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. This may possibly be the male of the species described by Saussure in his ‘ Mono- 190 MESSRS. C. HORNE AND F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTERA graphie des Guépes solitaires,’ and named Eumenes affinissima from its close resemblance to the European species E. coarctata and E. pomiformis; but I have nothing to justify my considering it to be so. 2. PTEROCHILUS PULCHELLUS. (Plate XXI. fig. 8 0.) Female. Length 3 lines. Black, ornamented with yellowish-white markings; the basal segment of the abdomen red. Head—a line behind the eyes, the sides of the clypeus, an oblong spot above it, the base of the mandibles and the scape in front yellow white. A transverse line on the thorax in front, the tegule, a spot beneath the wings, and the sides of the scutellum and postscutellum yellowish white; the wings hyaline and iridescent; the femora and the tibize within pale ferruginous, the coxe white in front, the tibie and tarsi white and more or less stained with pale ferruginous. Abdomen—the first segment red, small, and campanulate, much narrower than the second; the posterior margins of all the segments white, and a small ovate spot on each side of the second segment; beneath, the second segment with a white apical margin. Male. Rather smaller than the female, and closely resembling that sex, but having the clypeus immaculate (the female has a black spot), and the second abdominal segment without the two ovate white spots. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. Fam. VESPID~. 1. Vespa vivax. (Plate XXT. fig. 9, %.) Worker. Length 9 lines. Black, pubescent, head yellow, the abdomen with orange bands, the legs and antenne ferruginous. Head sulphur-coloured; the face above the clypeus as high as the posterior ocelli black; the emargination of the eyes obscurely yellow; a reversed bell-shaped yellow spot between the antenne. Thorax black, with sometimes a very narrow orange line on each side of its anterior margin; wings fulvo-hyaline, with the anterior margin of the superior pair fusco- ferruginous; tegulz rufo-piceous; the tibiz and tarsi reddish yellow. Abdomen with the first segment bordered with a broad orange band occupying half its width; the second segment with a very narrow orange band on its apical margin ; the third segment yellow, with a quadrate spot on each side at its basal margin; these spots unite with the black basal portion of the segment, which is sometimes partly visible also; the apical margin of the fourth segment, and the fifth and sixth entirely, orange- yellow; the abdomen yellow beneath from the middle of the second segment to the apex. Hab. Binsur, Kumaon, North-west Provinces of India. FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. 191 This species most closely resembles V. velutina, and must be arranged next to that species. 2. VESPA FLAVICEPS. (Plate XXI. figs. 10,?, 11, ¥%.) Female. Length 8 lines. Black, and ornamented with sulphur-yellow spots and bands. Head yellow, with a small quadrate black spot that encloses the ocelli; the flagellum of the antenne and the teeth of the mandibles black, the scape, and the vertex between the summit of the eyes, ferruginous; the eyes extending to the base of the mandibles. Thorax—the margins of the prothorax and of the scutellum,-a spot on each side of the metathorax just above the insertion of the abdomen, and a spot beneath the wings yellow; the legs yellow and stained with ferruginous beneath; the coxe, and the posterior femora at their base, more or less fuscous; the wings flavo-hyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the costal nervure fuscous. Abdomen—the first, second, and third segments with a yellow band on their apical margins; the bands on the second and third segments widen at the sides, where each is slightly emarginate; the two fol- lowing segments are yellow, and have an ovate black spot on each side; the apical segment yellow beneath; the basal margins of the first, second, and third segments are black. Worker. Length 6 lines. This sex differs from the female in many particulars. The vertex is black; the antenne black, with the scape yellow in front. The thorax, legs, and wings as in the female. The abdomen has the apical margins of all the segments bordered with narrow yellow bands; the second and following segments have a rounded notch on each side. Beneath, the segments with yellow apical margins: that on the second segment is broad, and a curved black line runs into it, emanating from the black base of the segment; the margins of the three following segments have narrower bands, each having a black emargination on each side; very frequently there is a very narrow interrupted line of yellow at the base of the abdomen. Hab. Binsur, Kumaon, North-west Provinces of India. This species has the aspect of one of our British, or one of the North-American Wasps; at first sight the workers look somewhat like those of Vespa cuneata. 3. Vespa structor. (Plate XXI. fig. 12, %.) Worker. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black; abdomen reddish yellow, with black bands. Head yellow, the vertex between the eyes black; the scape yellow in front; the eyes extending to the base of the mandibles. The margins of the prothorax, a line on each side at the base of the scutellum, the tibie, tarsi, and tips of the femora reddish yellow; the coxe, trochanters, and base of the femora black ; wings subhyaline, the nervures ferruginous, the costal nervure black. Abdomen reddish yellow, with the basal margins of the segments black; the black bands narrow, but widest in the middle, 192 MESSRS. C. HORNE AND F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTERA and there produced into an angular point, and the posterior margins of the bands irregularly notched. Hab. Binsur, Kumaon, North-west Provinces of India. Fam. APIDZ. 1. MEGACHILE PROXIMA. Female. Length 6-7 lines. Head, thorax, and base of the abdomen with fulvous pubescence, the segments margined with white. Head—the face clothed with fulvous pubescence; the thorax also with fulvous or fulvo-ferruginous pubescence above; the tegule ferruginous; the wings subhyaline, with a dark fuscous cloud beyond the marginal cell; the intermediate and posterior tibiee with a fine silvery pilosity outside, and the basal joint of their tarsi with bright short ferruginous pubescence beneath. The basal segment of the abdomen with bright ferruginous pubescence; the posterior margin of the second with a narrow fringe of the same colour; the border on the third segment is reddish in the middle and white at the sides; the two following are edged with white ; the apical segment is white on each side ; the underside is clothed with silvery-white hair, with a fringe of black at the sides. Male. This sex is coloured like the female, but has more of the red pubescence at the base of the abdomen, its anterior tarsi are simple, and the apical segment of the abdomen has no white at the sides, and its margin is notched in the middle. This species very closely resembles the J. lanata of Fabricius, and is difficult to separate by description: the white pubescence on each side of the apical segment of the abdomen distinguishes the female; the males are alike; but both sexes of M. proxima are larger than those of M. lanata. The habits of the two species are totally different, as pointed out by Mr. Horne. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. 2. CosLIOXyYS ANGULATA. Female. Length 53 lines. Jet black, the abdomen with a row of lateral snow-white angulated spots. Head and thorax strongly and closely punctured ; the face on each side of the clypeus and the anterior margin of the latter with dense short white pubescence, which also covers the head behind the eyes; a white line of pubescence on each side of the meso- thorax close to the margins of the tegule, two minute spots of the same colour at the base of the scutellum ; the thorax beneath, as well as the femora, with fine short white pubescence; the posterior tibiz are also clothed outside; a stout tooth on each side of the scutellum; the posterior margin of the latter rounded. Abdomen shining, finely and sparingly punctured; a row of minute snow-white scales along the basal margin of the second and following segments, at the lateral margins an angular patch of the FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. 193 same; the patch is quadrate on the basal segment; the apical segment broadly lanceo- late, the lower plate of the same shape, and only a little longer than the upper one; beneath, the segments are margined with white, and usually more or less interrupted in the middle; the basal segment has a white patch in the middle. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. This species is parasitic upon Megachile fasciculata, from the cells of which bee Mr. Horne bred it. In my catalogue of Andrenide and Apide I have described the female of M. fasciculata as a distinct species under the name WV. anthracina; Mr. Horne bred both sexes from nests. 3. BoMBUS aTRocINcTus. (Plate XXI. fig. 13,¢.) Male. Length 7 lines. Head—the cheeks with griseous pubescence, the clypeus with white, on each side of it the pubescence is thin, long, and black, as it is also at the insertion of the antenne, leaving the vertex naked, smooth and shining; there are also a few long black hairs on the posterior margin of the vertex. Thorax clothed above with fulvous pubescence, as are also the two basal segments of the abdomen; the wings fulvo-hyaline, with their apical margins fuscous; the third and fourth segments of the abdomen clothed with black pubescence, the three apical ones with white; the four apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; the tarsi, beneath, have short bright ferruginous pubescence; the thorax and abdomen, beneath, with a long thin griseous pubescence. Hab. Binsur, Kumaon, North-west Provinces of India. This species resembles one of the varieties of the Bombus lucorum of Europe. 4, BoMBUS TERMINALIS. Male. Length 7 lines. The head clothed with black pubescence, that on the clypeus white and intermixed with some long bristly black hairs; the mandibles with a thick fringe of pale fulvous. Thorax clothed above with bright fulvous pubescence ; that on the sides black; beneath it is white; the four apical joints of the tarsi ferruginous; the pubescence on the tibie black, intermixed with a few ferruginous hairs on the posterior pair; that on the tarsi beneath is bright ferruginous; wings fulvo-hyaline, the nervures dark ferruginous. Abdomen clothed with black pubescence; a few ferruginous hairs at its base, and the two apical segments clothed with white; beneath, the segments are fringed with pale hairs. Worker. Length 54 lines. Clothed exactly the same as the male, and only differs in having the wings darker, and in not having white pubescence on the clypeus; above it, at the insertion of the antenne, it is short, dense, and fusco-ferruginous. Hab. The male from Simla. VOL. VI.—PART 11. April, 1870. 2E 194 MESSRS. C. HORNE AND F. SMITH ON HYMENOPTERA 5. TRIGONA RUFICORNIS. Worker. Length 14 line. The head smooth and shining, the face with a white downy pubescence ; the antenne and mandibles ferruginous, the clypeus usually more or less so. The thorax smooth, shining, black; the scutellum and metathorax frequently more or less pale ferruginous ; wings colourless and iridescent; legs pale ferruginous, varying in colour to dark fusco- ferruginous. Abdomen ferruginous, frequently dark towards the apex, and very smooth and shining. Hab. Mainpuri, North-west Provinces of India. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XIX. Fig. 1. Nest of Megachile fasciculata, p. 178. Fig. 2. Male of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 3. Female of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 4. Leaf cells of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 5. Open cell, with pollen, and grub feeding thereon. Fig. 6. The skin of the larva of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 7. Leaves of a rose cut by Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 8. The pupa-case of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 9. Larva of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 10. The egg of Megachile fasciculata. Fig. 11. Nest of Megachile lanata (p.176) in a piece of bamboo. Fig. lla. Female of Megachile lanata. Fig. 116. Male of Megachile lanata. Fig. 12. Nest of Megachile disjuncta, p. 179. Fig. 12a. Female of Megachile disjuncta. PLATE XX. Fig. 1. Nest of Rhynchium nitidulum, p. 168. Fig. la. The female of Rhynchium nitidulum. Pages 195-196 are bound in between plates 21-22. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. 9. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. PLATE XIX. Nest of Megachile fasciculata, p. 178. Male of Megachile fasciculata. Female of Megachile fasciculata. Leaf cells of Megachile fasciculata. Open cell, with pollen, and grub feeding thereon. The skin of the larva of Megachile fasciculata. Leaves of a rose cut by Megachile fasciculata. The pupa-case of Megachile fasciculata. Larva of Megachile fasciculata. 10. The egg of Megachile fasciculata. 11. Nest of Megachile lanata (p. 176) in a piece of bamboo. lla. Female of Megachile lanata. 11. Male of Megachile lanata. 12. Nest of Megachile disjuncta, p. 179. 12a. Female of Megachile disjuncta. he et OO MAR PLATE XX. 1. Nest of Rhynchium nitidulum, p. 168. la. The female of Rhynchium nitidulum. lin Ve OTE J Te TMICI. A OUL EE e W West imp. Hymenoptera. Indian C.Hornedel, E. Smith Irth. Srivmd Kook Soe. Vd PE 2 C Hornedel. E. Smith lith, Indian Hymenoptera. W West imp 26 tan Kod be VAI LLY Hea del E Samnth, lth Indian Hymenoptera. FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. Fig. 2. Nest of Hwmenes conica (abnormal form), p. 166. Fig. 2a. Female of Ewmenes conica. Fig. 3. Nest of Eumenes mainpuriensis, p. 167. Fig. 3a. Female of Eumenes mainpuriensis, p. 189. Fig. 4. Nest of Eumenes edwardsii, p. 167. Fig. 4a. Female of Eumenes edwardsii. Fig. 5. Nest of Rhynchium carnaticum, p. 167. Fig. 5a. Female of Rhynchium carnaticum. Fig. 6. Nest of Humenes esuriens, p. 167. Fig. 6a. Female of Ewmenes esuriens. Fig. 7. Nest of Odynerus punctum, p. 167. Fig. 7a. Female of Odynerus punctum. Fig. 8. Nest of Jcaria variegata, p. 169. Fig. 8a. Female of Icaria variegata. Fig. 9. Nest of Icaria variegata on a leaf. PLATE XXI. Fig. 1. Nest of Parapison rufipes, p. 165. Fig. la. Parapison rufipes (2), p. 188. Fig. 16. Pupa-cases of Parapison rufipes. Fig. 2. Nest of Pelopeus bengalensis, p. 163. Fig. 2a. Pupa-cases of Pelopewus bengalensis. Fig. 3. Cell of a species of Pelopeus (?) constructed in a finger-ring. Fig. 4. Nest of Zrypoxylon rejector, p. 164. Fig. 4a. Trypoxylon reector, p. 189. Fig. 5. Nest of Pisonitus rugosus, p. 165. Fig. 5a. Female of Pisonitus rugosus. Fig. 6. Nest of Pelopeus madraspatanus, p. 161. Fig. 7. Female of Pelopeus madraspatanus. Figs. 8 & 8a. Cells of Pterochilus pulchellus. Fig. 8b. Pterochilus pulchellus (¢ ), p. 190. Fig. 9. Vespa vivax (3), p. 190. Fig. 10. Vespa flaviceps (2), pp. 174, 191. Fig. 11. Vespa flaviceps ( ¥ ). Fig. 12. Vespa structor (¥), p. 191. Fig. 13. Bombus atrocinctus (3), p 193. Fig. 14. Nest of Pelopous bilineatus, p. 163. Fig. 14a. Pelopeus bilineatus ( 2 ). 195 196 ON HYMENOPTERA FROM THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCES OF INDIA. PLATE XXII. Fig. 1. Nest of Xylocopa chloroptera, p. 179. Fig. 1a. Female of Xylocopa chloroptera. Fig. 16. Larva of Xylocopa chloroptera. Fig. le. Emanadia, sp. %, p. 167. Fig. 2. Comb of Apis floralis, p. 181. Fig. 2a. The queen of Apis floralis. Fig. 26. The worker of Apis floralis. Fig. 2c. The male of Apis floralis. Fig. 3. Comb of Apis dorsata, p. 181. Fig. 3a. The worker of Apis dorsata. Fig. 36. A closed cell of Apis dorsata. Fig. 3¢. Galleria mellolelia, a moth which feeds upon the comb. Tb a SES < ‘CHormedel,E Suuth With Indian Hymenoptera. WWest amp it ‘ase Ad ORAS OS are AL < a ~