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NATURAL HISTORY,

CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS.

VOLUMH II.

Arricte VI.—Parasitic Funer or Inuinors. Parr II.
By T. J. Burritt anp F. 8. Barve.

1887.

J. W. FRANKS & SONS, PRINTERS AND BINDERS,
PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

Cornell University

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‘

Anrictz VI.— Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. Panv Il. By T.
J. Burritt and F. 8. Earzz.

ERYSIPHEA, Liv.
(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III., Tome XV.)

On living plants. Mycelium superficial, consisting of
nnmerans hranchinosentate .nenally white mueh_intorarawan

ERRATA.

Page 389, line 7 from bottom, for carpogonium read sporo-
carp; lines 9, 12, 15, for odgonium read carpogonium.

Page 391, line 1, for Cessatii read Cesatii.

Page 400, line 4, for Myceliumin conspicuous read Myce-
linm inconspicuous; line 14, for coleosporium read Coleosporium.

Page 401, line 9, for connatus read connata; line 12, for
Taraxicum read Taraxacum.

Page 408, line 15, for macrocarpa read macrospora; line
18, for Hypohyllous read Hypophyllous.

The very abundant mycelium consists of numerous slender,
white or colorless, septate threads, that branch widely, and ex-
tend over the leaf in every direction, frequently crossing and
interlacing. These threads are usually pressed close to the
host, but they do not themselves enter it.* They send out at
intervals, however, short special branches called haustoria, that

*Itis held by some writers that in Sphexrotheca pannosa, Lév., the
mycelium does sometimes enter the tissues of the host, but this is not
satisfactorily proven.

es

\

Articte VI.— Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. Part IL. : By T.
J. Burritt and F. 8. Harz.

‘

ERYSIPHEZ, Liv.
(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III, Tome XV.)

On living plants. Mycelium superficial, consisting of
numerous branching, septate, usually white, much interwoven
threads, which extend widely over the epidermis of the host,
adhering to it by means of haustoria; conidia simple, color-
less, cylindrical, oval or ovate, borne one above the other.
on erect, simple, septate colorless hyphe; perithecia seated
singly on the mycelium, membranaceous, indehiscent, globose
or sometimes depressed, at first colorless, then yellow, becom-
ing dark brown or black when mature, bearing various thread-
like appendages; asci arising from the base of the perithecium,
delicate, thin-walled, colorless, oblong, oval, ovate or suborbic-
ular, usually pedicellate, containing 2-8 spores; spores (except
in Saccardia) simple, colorless, granular, oblong or oval.

The Erysiphee, commonly known as “white mildews”
or “blights,” may be easily recognized by the white, dusty
or web-like coating they form on the. leaves, or other succu-
lent parts, of many common plants. They frequently grow
throughout the summer, but, usually, only reach their full
development in the fall, when the perithecia, or little fruit-
balls, may be seen like minute black or dark brown dots scat-
tered over the whitened surface of the leaves.

The very abundant mycelium consists of numerous slender,
white or colorless, septate threads, that branch widely, and ex-
tend over the leaf in every direction, frequently crossing and
interlacing. These threads are usually pressed close to the
host, but they do not themselves enter it.* They send out at
intervals, however, short special branches called haustoria, that

*Itis held by some writers that in Sphzxrotheca pannosa, Lév., the
mycelium does sometimes enter the tissues of the host, but this is not
satisfactorily proven.

1.

388 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

penetrate the epidermal cells, serving for the secure attachment
of the fungus, and probably also for its nourishment. These
haustoria present several forms, and they are of some impor-
tance in the classification of the species. In some cases the
haustorium simply consists of a slender tube which penetrates
the epidermal, cell of the host, within which it swells to an
oval or club-shaped sac, filled with granular protoplasm. More
often there is an external appendage or sucker, that is pressed
close to the surface of the epidermal cell; and from this, or
from near it on the mycelial thread, the haustorium proper
takes its rise and penetrates the epidermis. This external ap-
pendage may be smooth and entire, merely constituting a hem-
ispherical swelling on the mycelial thread; or, it may take the
form of a flattened disk with an indented margin. In the
latter case they are said to be “lobed,” in the former, “not
lobed.”

The conidia, or asexual reproductive bodies, are cylindrical,
oval or nearly orbicular, simple, colorless cells filled with pro-
toplasm. They are formed by constriction at the ends of short,
simple, erect, rather stout, septate, colorless branches of the
mycelium, called fertile hyphe or conidiophores. A septum
forms near the end of the young hypha, and the walls at this
point become constricted. The cell thus cut off usually
swells a little, and at length falls away as a mature conidium.

' Before this happens, however, other constrictions have taken
place below, thus forming a chain of nearly mature conidia
adhering end to end. Wnder favorable conditions they germi-
nate quickly, sending out a slender tube, which, on the proper
host, soon develops into a new mycelium. They are produced
in immense numbers throughout the growing season, and, as
they are very light and easily carried by the wind, they serve
for the rapid increase and wide distribution of the parasite.

Other reproductive bodies arise, like the fruits of higher
plants, from a process of fertilization. The process has been
carefully studied by De Bary and others. It differs slightly in
the different genera. In those with a single ascus (Sphero-
theca and Podosphera) it is as follows: —

Where two threads of the mycelium approach or cross
each other, a short special branch arises from each. One of

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 389

these swells to two or three times the diameter of the thread,
and is separated from it by a transverse partition. It now con-
stitutes the carpogonium, homologous with the pistil of the
flowering plants. The other branch, the antheridium, remains
cylindrical, and is closely applied to the carpogonium, bending
over its summit. A septum is formed near the tip, dividing off
a small cell, whose contents, passing into the carpogonium,
effect its fertilization. Slender branches now arise on all
sides from near the base of the carpogonium. They become
branched and septate, and soon join together, forming a mem-
branous, cellular, enveloping wall. An inner membrane or
coating is developed by short projections branching from the
inner wall. The carpogonium is divided by a cross parti-
tion, and the upper portion develops into the suborbicular
ascus containing the spores, which with its enveloping mem-
branes constitutes the sporocarp, or true fruit of the fungus.
In the genera having several asci the carpogonium is more
elongated, and is bent around the antheridium. After fer-
tilization, the enveloping wall develops as above. The car-
pogonium’ becomes divided by cross partitions into a number of
cells, each of which either develops directly into an ascus, or
sends up an ascus-bearing branch. In all cases the spores de-
velop within the asci by free cell-formation.
Figure 1. Sphexrotheca Castagnei, Lév.
L, Process of fertilization: a, a thread of
Ke }\\ the mycelium bearing the oégonium ¢; 6, b,
NW another filament of the mycelium bearing
the antheridium d. II., same as I., at a later
stage of growth, the odgonium ¢ and anthe-
III. yidium d still seen, the former becoming in-
Fic. B closed by the mycelial branches e. III, a
still later stage of same, the odgonium c being now completely inclosed
within the tissue forming the mycelial branches, the wall of the young
carpogonium. Magnified 300 times. (After De Bary.)

This act of fertilization does not usually take place till late
in the summer. The sporocarp resulting from it is called in
this group, the perithecium. When quite young it is colorless,
but it soon becomes yellowish, and when mature is a dark brown
or black, usually globular, body, visible to the naked eye. Its
wall consists of a rather tough membrane, whose cellular struc-

390 [linois State Laboratory of Natural History.

ture can be seen in the more or less distinct retieulations of its
surface. It is provided with slender hair-like outgrowths called,
appendages, very characteristic of this family. These present
many forms, and it is from them that the generic characters
are mostly taken. The perithecium remains on the fallen leaves
over winter. It is not provided with a mouth or ostiolum of
any kind. The contained asci and spores only escape on its
decay in the spring.

The asci are delicate, thin-walled, colorless sacs filled with
granular protoplasm, from which the spores are formed. The
latter (except in Saccardia) are simple, colorless, oblong or
oval cells, filled with densely granular protoplasm. In the genus
Saccardia, occurring on oak leaves in the Southern States, the
spores are septate or “ muriform,” and colored.

Delicate membranaceous conceptacles, other than the peri-
thecia, are sometimes found in connection with the mycelium
of the Erysiphee. They are thin-walled, and on slight pressure
rupture irregularly, emitting immense numbers of minute ob-
long nucleated spores, immersed in a gelatinous fluid. They
were noticed by Cesati, in connection with the grape milde w
Supposing them to be independent organisms, he named them
Ampelomyces quisqualis, and specimens were published under
that name as No. 1669 in Rabenhorst’s Herbarium Mycologi-
cum. Later they were called Cicinobolus florentinus by Ehren-
berg, and Byssocystis textilis by Riess. Tulasne, von Mohl,
and others, finding that these conceptacles were borne on the
same mycelium as the conidia and perithecia, naturally concluded
that they were organs of the same plant, and, from their
analogy to certain asexual reproductive bodies in allied groups of
the Ascomycetes, called them pycnidia, and the minute bodies
they contain stylospores or pycnidiospores. This is still the ac-
cepted belief of many botanists. De Bary (Morph. und Phys.
der Pilze, IIL., pp. 53-75, Tafeln VI., VII.) shows that the pyc-
nidia instead of being reproductive organs of the Erysiphe, are,
in reality, the fructification of a fungus that is parasitic on the
Erysiphe. He calls it Cicinobolus Cesatii, and gives numerous
figures showing its delicate septate mycelium developing within
the mycelial threads of the Evysiphe, and sending up branches

which, by repeated division, form the cellular wall of the
pycnidium.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 391

Fiaurr2. Cicinobolus Cessatii, DBy.: a
the mycelium of Erysiphe galeopsidis, DC.,
“<< within which is to be seen the parasitic
mycelium 6 of Cicinoblus; c, c, c different
stages of the so-called pycnidium in whieh
the spores of the parasite are developed.
Magnified 300 times. (After De Bary.)

Fig, 2.

This frequently develops in one of the cells of a conidio-
phore, in which case the shriveled upper portion remains as a
kind of appendage. In other cases it is developed directly from
the mycelium. Occasionally, on rupturing a perithecium, it will
be found to contain minute bodies like Cicinobolus spores,
instead of asci. This is considered a fourth kind of reproduc-
tive body by Berkeley (Introduction to Crypt. Bot. p. 78). It
is more likely a case of the Cicinobolus developing its fruit
within the growing perithecium.

This parasite has been mostly investigated in connection
with, the grape mildew (Erysiphe Tuckeri). Some writers
suppose it to be of considerable use in holding this disease in
check (Thiimen, Pilze des Weinstocks, p. 178). It occurs on
several of our specimens of Erysiphe cichoracearum, DC., where
its delicate mycelium can be seen by the aid of a good objective
and careful manipulation.

Various Macrosporium- and Helminthosporium- like bodies
are frequently associated with Hrysiphe mycelium, but their
organic connection with it is doubtful. Minute yellow spher-
ical echinulate bodies are also often seen clinging to it, but they
are foreign substances,— probably pollen grains.

The abundant mycelium of these plants is so conspicuous
that it early attracted the attention of investigators. The

392 Mlinois' State Laboratory of Natural History.

literature of the family is unusually large and extended; and
arising from so many independent sources, and representing
such widely different views, there is so much confusion of
names and descriptions that the difficulty of study is increased
rather than lessened by its abundance. The plants form a
natural, closely related, and easily recognized group; butits rank
and position in the natural system has been very differently
estimated by different writers.

They were known to Linnzus under the common name of
Mucor erysiphe. Persoon (Syn. Fung., p. 124) called them all
Sclerotium erysiphe, but separated as a variety the form on
Corylus, now classed in the genus Phyllactinia. Soon writers
began to distinguish different species, but referred them all to
a single genus called Hrysibe by Link and Rabenhorst, Alphit-
omorpha by Wallroth and Schlectendal, and Erysiphe by Hed-
wig, the latter followed by De Candolle, Schweinitz, Fries, and
others. This genus was often classed among the puff-balls,
(Gasteromycetes). In 1851 Léveillé published a monograph of
the group (Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. IIT., Tome XV.) in which he
divided the old genus Hrysiphe into six genera as follows:—

Spheroetheca.— Perithecium containing a single ascus,
appendages floccose, undivided.

Podosphera.— Perithecium containing a single ascus,
appendages dichotomously divided at the tip.

Uncinula.—Asci several, appendages coiled at the tip.

Phyllactinia.— Asci several, appendages straight, rigid,
swollen at base.

Microsphera.—Asci several, appendages dichotdmously
divided.

Eirysiphe.—Asci several, appendages floccose, undivided.

Tulasne (Select. Fung. Carp. Vol. I., [1861]) does not
adopt this division, but returns all the species to the genus
Erysiphe. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze III. [1870])
divides the group into two genera according to the characters
of the carpogonuim, calling those Podosphera in which this
organ is straight (orthotropus) and which develop only one
ascus, and retaining the name Hrysiphe for those with a curved
(campylotropus) carpogonium and several asci. For a true,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 393

natural classification, the life history of plants must be taken
into account, no matter how obscure and impractical, for or-
dinary work, the characteristics it affords may be. It is prob-
able that De Bary’s arrangement is more logical; but for
convenience most modern botanists use Léveillé’s classification,
which is the one adopted in this paper.

The true position and rank of the group in the vegetable
kingdom still seems to be a matter of doubt, no two authors
exactly agreeing in regard to it. The arrangement adopted by
Winter (Die Pilze, II.) perhaps on the whole best expresses
their true relations. It is essentially the same as that proposed
by Saccardo (Sylloge Fung., I.) and may be expressed as fol-
lows:—

“

Class isos tacit Renton ay hee Ascomycetes.

Oxder ta sistesiee eae needa aes Pyrenomycetes.
DUbonder as siwaceudiwanewenae esiyes Perisporiacee.
Wail ysis .aeihtnareiee Gee he Seay e> Erysiphee.

It is usually easy to determine, even without the aid of a
magnifier, whether or not a given fungus belongs to this
family; and a moment's examination of the mature perithecium
under the microscope will suffice to place it in its proper genus.
Specific determination is often a matter of much greater
difficulty. Jn other groups of parasitic fungi, as, for instance,
the Uredinec, the species are, for the most part, confined quite
closely to a single host, or at least to a few very closely related
host species. Very slight differences in the form or markings
of the spores, taken in connection with a difference of host
plant, are considered of specific importance. Some of the
Erysiphee have long been recognized as having a much wider
range of habitat; but it was natural for the botanist, if he
found a plant of this family developing on a new host, to
consider it a new species, especially if he observed a few more
or a few less asci or spores, or found the appendages differing
in number or length from the descriptions of other accepted
species. Then, too, owing to the poor instruments at their
command, the descriptions of the earlier investigators are
lacking in those microscopical characteristics that are now so
carefully noted. While the above view of narrow specific

304 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

limitations prevailed, the older names were apt to be disregarded
By further study, and the comparison of numerous specimens
of each of the so-called species, it becomes apparent that in
very many cases the differences between them in the number
and length of the appendages, the number and size of the asci
and spores, and the appearance of the mycelium,— all so easily
retognized in single instances,— are not constant; that these
parts are exceedingly variable, and that it is frequently
impossible to: maintain distinctions based on them. This
necessitates the putting together of forms often considered
specifically distinct, and a corresponding change in specific
descriptions.

This wider view of the limits of species sometimes throws
new light on the work of the earlier mycologists, enabling
us to decide with reasonable certainty whether or not their
names should be adopted for the species as now understood.
The process leads to the abandonment of some familiar names,
which is always to be regretted; but the true interests of a
stable nomenclature demand the adoption of the earliest specific
name given to any form of the species. (See Bull. Ill. State
Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. IL, p. 149.)

In his admirable revision of the fungi for “ Rabenhorst’s
Kryptogamic Flora,” Winter has very carefully and thoroughly
performed this labor for the European species of Erysiphee,
and his nomenclature is adopted, for the most part, in this
paper, for those species common to both continents, such
changes only being made as are suggested by the study of
numerous American specimens. The distinctively American
species are usually much less encumbered with synonyms than
those that also occur in Europe. In a number of cases, how-
ever, names have been given to forms that cannot now be
considered distinct, and, in some cases, owing to the difficulty
of interpreting his descriptions, the names given by Schweinitz
have been disregarded. The attempt is here made to clear up
these difficulties, so far at least as our Illinois species are
concerned,

Some of the species of Hrysiphew are of practical interest
from the injuries they do to cultivated plants. The mildew of

~SN

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 395

roses, hops, gooseberries, raspberries, grapes,* and of many
ornamental plants and trees, is caused by different species of
this family. As their development is superficial, they are
easily reached by remedial agents. Sulphur has long been
successfully used to check the ravages of the grape mildew,
and as a remedy for rose mildew in greenhouses. Its use is
often indiscriminately recommended for any and all of these
diseases, but the caution should be added, that, in some cases,
the host plant suffers more from the sulphur, as usually
applied, than from the parasite. The fact is, that each case
needs careful practical study before a remedy can be safely
recommended. More recently sulphate of copper has come
into extended use for the destruction of various fungous
parasites. The crystals may be dissolved in water — one pound
to two gallons — and used as a spray. Or the mixture may be
improved by the addition of lime slacked in water, — the
whole so diluted that it can be easily applied with a broom or
whisk. As the copper sulphate is poisonous,. care must be
exercised in handling and applying. The remedy appears to be
serviceable against the Peronospora of the vine as well as for
the special fungi to which attention is herein directed.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENERA.

Fiaure 3. Sphzrotheca
Castagnei, Lév.: a, perithe-
cium with d appendages,—
magnified 90 times; c, fer-
tile hypha or conidiophore,
bearing six conidia which
readily separate at the con-
strictions,— magnified 190
times; d, the single ascus
with eight spores,— magni-
fied 250 times.

rE

Fig. 8.

*The commonest “grape mildew in this country is caused by a
very different fungus, ‘Peronospora viticola, B.&C.

396 — Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Figure 4, Erysiphe chicoracearum,
DC. A ruptured perithecium with
thread-like appendages and protrud-
ing asci, each containing two spores,
— magnified 90 times.

Figure 5. Uncinula am-
pelopsidis, Peck: a, perithe-
cium with the numerous
| appendages (b) coiled at the
8 tip,— magnified 100 times; c,
> one of the appendages (tip)
further magnified ; d,an as-
cus with five spores,—magni-
fied 200 times. The lower,
pointed end of the ascus is
attached to the bottom of
the cavity ofthe perithecium.

9

Fia. 5. '

Ficure 6. Phyllactinia suf-
fulta, (Reb.) Sacc.: a, perithe-
cium with the needle-shaped
appendages (b) swollen at
base,—magnified 50 times; c, a
branched appendage; d, an
ascus with two spores,— mag-
nified 100 times. The point
(pedicel) of attachment is
shown. The appendages are
normally quite straight, but
are here shown as they ap-
peared under the microscope,
possibly mechanically bent.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 397

j NS Figure 7. Podosphzra

oxycanthz, (DC.) DBy.: a,
pericthecium with dichoto-
mously forked appendages
b,— magnified 90 times; c, a
tip of an appendage more
magnified; 0, thesingle ascus
with eight spores,— magni-
fied 325 times.

Ficure 8. Microsphxra
Ravenelii, Berk.: a, perithecium
with its dichotomously forked
appendages b,— magnified 75
times; c, a tip of an appendage
more magnified; d, one of the

several asci containing eight
spores,— magnified 375 times;
, €, @ group of asci from one
perithecium,— magnified 150
ie times.

Key To THE GENERA OF ERysIPHEZ.

I. Appendages consisting of simple threads similar to the
mycelium, and often interwoven with it............ A.

II. Appendages dissimilar to, and free from the mycelium.B.
A. Perithecia containing only one ascus..SPH#ROTHECA.

Perithecia containing several asci......... ERyYsIPHE.
B. Appendages simple, not usually forked at the tip...1.
Appendages dichotomously forked at the tip....... 2.

1. Appendages coiled at the tip, asci several.
UNCINULA.
Appendages needle-shaped, abruptly swollen at
base, asci several...........-- PHYLLACTINIA.

2. Perithecia containing only one ascus.

PoposPHERA.

Perithecia containing several asci. MicrosPH@RA.

N

398 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Note. Three other genera have been described as follows :—

(1). Pleochzta (Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum, I., p. 9). Perithecia
globose-lenticular, indehiscent, texture subcoriaceous, parenchymatous ;
appendages very numerous, rod-like, straight, simple, hyaline; asci
clavate, two-spored; spores simple, elliptical, subhyaline. P. Curtisti,
Sacc. & Speg. occurs on leaves of Celtis in Alabama and Carolina, and in
South America.

(2). Erysiphella (Peck, 28th Report, New York State Museum p. 63).
“ Perithecia destitute of appendages, spores definite.” E. aggregata, Peck,
is described on the fertile aments of Alnus serrulata.

(3). Saccardia (Cooke, Grevillea VII. [1878], p. 49). Mycelium
arachnoid, often evanescent; perithecia globose, asci globose-ovate,
8-spored; spores elliptical, many-celled; appendages none or interwoven
with the mycelium. S. quercina, Cooke on the leaves of Quercus virens,
Georgia, and S. Martii, Ell. & Sacc. on Q. laurifolia, Florida, have been
described. None of these plants are known in Illinois. Doubts may be
expressed as to the validity of these groups as genera ef Erysiphex.

Calocladia, Lév. is a synonym for Microsphera, but was previously
used for a genus of Algz.

Erysibe was used for Erysiphe by several authors, and Wallroth’s
genus Alphitomorpha was made to include all of the Erysiphez.

SPHA4ROTHECA, Lévy.

(Ann. Sci. Nat., Series III., Tome XV., p. 138.)

Perithecium containing only oneascus. Appendages simple
threads not unlike the mycelium with which they are
frequently interwoven. Ascus suborbicular, usually con-
taining eight spores. Very rarely two asci have been observed.
S. pannosa, ( Wallr.) Lév.

(1. c. p. 138.)

Alphitomorpha pannosa, Wallr. (Verhand. d. Naturf. Freunde, L., p. 43).
Erysibe pannosa, Lk, (Species Plant. VI., I., p. 104).
Eurotium rosarum, Grev. (Scott. Crypt. Fl. IIL, p. 164, Fig. 2),

Mycelium abundant on the leaves, stems, etc., often sterile;
perithecia more often occurring on the branches, scattered,
delicate, 90-100 », reticulations evident, small, 10-15 »; ap-
pendages short and delicate, much interwoven with the
mycelium, sometimes colored; ascus large, delicate, ovate,
expanding, when free from the perithecium, to a length greater
than its diameter; spores 8, large, 29 » long.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 399

On Rosa sps.: Cook, Sept. 7, 1458; McHenry, Aug. 20,
1212; Pulaski, May 5, 4537, Rose stems: Champaign,
autumn (Burrill). Rosa lucida: Union, Aug. 20 (Earle).

Winter (Die Pilze, II., p. 26) and Saccardo (Syl. Fung. L.,
p- 2) describe this species with hyaline appendages; but Tulasne
(Fung. Carp. Select. L., p. 208) describes them as colored.
They frequently are colored in our specimens. De Bary
(Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, II., p. 48) says ‘colorless or
brown at base.”

S. mors-uve, (Schw.) B. & C.
(Grev. IV., p. 158.)

Erysiphe mors-uve, Schw. (N. A. Fungi, p. 270).

Mycelium abundant, at first white, becoming dark brown,
densely covering the leaves, stems, and fruit; perithecia most
abundant on the stems and fruit, densely aggregated, embedded
in the thick felted mycelium, variable in size, 90-120 », dark
brown, reticulations obscure; appendages short, delicate,
hyaline or slightly colored, interwoven with and overrun by
the dense mycelium; ascus broadly elliptic, eight-spored, both
ascus and spores smaller than in S. pannosa.

On Ribes rotundifolium: McLean, July 16, 2378; La Salle,
June 16, 5216. Ribes (cultivated): Pulaski, May 8, 4572;
Union, June 22 (Earle).

This is the common “ gooseberry mildew.” It has been
referred to S. pannosa (Bessey, Erysiphei, p. 3, etc.), but it is
sufficiently distinguished by its dense, dark-colored mycelium,
which is strikingly unlike that of most of the Erysiphee.

S. pruinosa, C. & P.
(Erysiphei of the U. 8.)

Hypogenous; mycelium thin, effuse, persistent; conceptacles
minute, black; appendages few, long, colorless, sporangium, ovate, eight-
spored.

Leaves of Rhus glabra. Greenbush, August.

The long colorless appendages readily distinguish the species from
the preceding [S. Castagnei, Lév.]. The whole surface of the leaf appears
pruinose. — Peck, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 94.

On Rhus copallina: Union, Sept. 17 (Earle).
Our specimen is not sufficient for full identification, but it
is doubtless the same as that described above by Peck.

400: Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

8. humuli, (DC) Burrill.

Erysiphe kumuli, DC. (Flore Franc., VI., p. 106.
Spherotheca Castagnei, Lév., in part.

Mostly hypophyllous. Myceliumin conspicuous or evanes-
cent; perithecia scattered, abundant, mostly rather small, '75—-95.,
wall-texture firm and compact though thin, surface smooth,
reticulations small, often obscure, usually less than 15 4;
appendages slender, three or more times as long as the diameter
of the perithecium, colored throughout when mature, mostly
free from the mycelium; ascus broadly elliptical or suborbicu-
lar; spores usually 8, large, averaging 20 » long.

On Agrimonia Eupatoria: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1188, 1218,
Aug. 23, 1249, 1267; McLean, July 2, 2369; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6106
(with coleosporium); Adams, July 10 (Seymour).

This form on Agrimonia has usually been referred to
Spherotheca Castagnei, Lév. (Rabh, Fungi Europ. No. 558 ;
Winter, Die Pilze, II., p. 27; Saccardo, Syl. Fung., L, p. 4;
Trelease, Parasitic Fung. of Wis., p. 9; Peck, 29th Rep. N. Y.
State Mus., p. 79). A careful examination of American and
European specimens on this host and on Potentilla, show marked
differences between them and the typical form of S. Catagnei on
various Composite, etc. They agree, however, with the Euro-
pean form on Humulus (Rabb. Fung. Europ. No. 1049 b).
Tulasne (Fung. Carp. Select. I, Tab. IV., 9), under the name
of E'rysiphe humuli, DC. gives an accurate figure of this form,
showing the long, slender, colored appendages and the compact
small-celled wall of the perithecium. It seems best, therefore,
to revive De Candolle’s old species and refer to it the forms on
Humulus, Agrimonia, and Potentilla. The perithecia closely
resemble those of S. pannosa, but it differs in the larger append-
ages and the much less abundant mycelium.

S. Castagnei, Lév.
(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. IIL, Tome XV.,, p. 139.)-

Mycelium abundant and persistent or sometimes inconspic-
uous, occurring on either or both sides of leaves; perithecia
abundant, scattered or somewhat aggregated, small, usually
about 75 », but varying from 60-100 »; texture soft, surface un-
even, reticulations very large and irregular, 20-30 »; append-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 401

ages long, stout, usually colored throughout, flexuous, some-
what uneven in width, more or less interwoven with the my-
celium; ascus rather small, elliptical or suborbicular; spores
usually 8, small, about 15 » long.

On Bidens frondosa: Jo Daviess, Sept 15, 5904; Stephen-
‘son, Sept. 18, 5842; Lee, Sept. 9, 5743; McLean, July 2, 2370;
La Salle, Sept. 12, 1489, Sept. 16,1554; Henry, Sept. 28, 1708;
McHenry, Aug. 20, 1168; Union, Sept. 13 (Harle). Bidens
connatus: Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1624; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1777.
Erechthites hieracifolia: McHenry, Aug. 23, 1234; Champaign,
Sept. 19, 6615; Adams, Aug. 20 (Seymour). Nabalus sps.:
McLean, Sept. 20, 5662; Jo Daviess, Sept. 16, 5945. Tarazi-
cum dens leonis: Champaign, Oct. 16, 6580, Oct. 28, 6590.
Veronica Virginica: McHenry, Aug. 27, 1833; Stephenson,
Sept. 18, 5809, Sept. 14, 5878; Jo Daviess, Sept. 15, 5906, Sept.
18, 5975, Sept. 19, 6002, Sept. 20, 6017; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6134.
Gerardia grandiflora: Ogle, Sept. 23,6129. Brunella vulgaris:
McLean, July 3 (Seymour); Champaign, Oct. (Waite).

This abundant and widespread species can be easily distin-
guished from the form on Fosacee, etc., that has usually
been associated with it, by the peculiarly low and large-
celled, wall of the perithecium, and by the larger, more flexu-
ous appendages. The spores, too, average smaller. It varies
considerably on the different hosts, in the appearance of the
mycelium and the size of the perithecia, these being larger
than the average on Hrechthites and usually smaller on Veroni-
ca; but the more important characteristics appear to be con-
stant.

ERYSIPHE, (Hedw.) Liv.
(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. ITI., Tome. XV.)

Perithecium containing several ‘asci; appendages simple
threads similar to and frequently interwoven with the my-
celium. :

E. liriodendri, Schw.

(N. A. Fungi, p. 269.)

On leaves and succulent stems. Mycelium abundant, dense,
white, persistent; perithecia developing late, mostly after the

“

402 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

leaves have fallen, rather large, 100 « or more, delicate, thin-
walled, embedded in and partially covered by the dense myce-
lium, reticulations small and indistinct; appendages several,
hyaline, rather long, much interwoven with the mycelium; asci
several, eight or more; spores 6—8, small.

On Liriodendron tulipifera: Union, Oct. 29, 2106, 2110;
Champaign, (Burrill). Schweinitz describes the peculiarly dense
and felted white mycelium of this species. Peck (30th Rep.
N. Y. State, Mus., p. 58) mentions it as occurring at Oneida, N.
Y., but gives no description. Saccardo (Syl. Fung., I., p.21)
mentions it among “ species inquirende.” A full description is
published here for the first time. It is not uncommon in IIli-
nois but can seldom be collected in good condition.

E. communis, ( Wallr.) Fr.
(Summa. Veg. Scand., p. 406.)

Alphitomorpha communis, horridula, Wallr., in part, (Verhdl. Naturf.
Freunde, I).

Erysibe communis, nitida, horridula, Rabh. (Deutschl. Crypt. Flora).

Frrysibe communis, Lk., in part.

Erysiphe aquilegiz, DC. (Flore Franc., VI., p. 105).

Erysiphe pisi, DC. (1. c., VI1., p. 274).

Erysiphe convolvuli, DC. (1. c., IL., p. 274).

Erysiphe polygoni, DC. (1. c., II., p. 278).

Erysiphe communis, Fr. (Summa. Veg. Scand., p. 406).

Erysiphe communis, Martii, Léy., in part, (Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. ILL,
Tome XY).

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent or some-
times evanescent; perithecia variable in size and reticulations;
appendages variable in length, often quite long, lying on the
mycelium or more or less interwoven with it, usually colored
in part or throughout, but occasionally all hyaline; asci 4-8,
or more; spores mostly 4-8, variable in size.

On Clematis sps.: Union, Aug. 80 (Earle). Thalictrum
purpurascens: Jo Daviess, Sept. 18,5977. Ranunculus abortivus :
McLean, July 16, 2365, Aug. 1, 2367; Jo Daviess, Sept. 15, 5905;
Sept. 80, 6040; Champaign, Oct. 23, 6596; Nov. 38, 6609; La
Salle, Sept. 80, 6257. Geranium maculatum: La Salle, Sept. 30,

\

Parasitic Fungi of I Rint: 403

6248. Pisum sativum: Champaign, Oct. 19 (Burrill). As-
trayalus Canadensis: Jo Daviess, Sept. 15, 590; Stephenson,
Sept. 21, 6074. Amphicarpea monoica: La Salle, Sept. 12, 1478,
1482; Henry, Sept. 28, 1719; Jo Daviess, Sept. 20, 6086; Ogle,
Sept. 22, 6099. Cnothera biennis: Champaign, Sept. 19, 6616;
Union, Sept. 3 (Earle).

The form on Clematis is referred. by authors (Bessey, The
Erysiphei, p. 13; Trelease, Parasitic Fungi of Wis., p. 9) to
E. tortilis, (Wallr) Fr., or, as often written, EZ. tortilis, Link.
It seems a mistake to separate it from the other forms occur-
ring on Ranunculacee, some of which have equally long ap-
pendages; especially as on Clematis these are radiant, and more
or less interwoven with the mycelium as is usual in £. commu-
nis, while in European specimens of £. tortilis on Cornus
(Rabh. Fungi Europ. No. 203838; J. Kunze, Fungi Selecti
Exsic., No. 577, etc.), the appendages are fasciculate and
assurgent. (See also Tulasne, Selec. Fung. Carp., I., pp. 213-
216).

The forms on Leguminose, etc., are often referred to E.
Martti, Lév. De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, ITI., p. 50)
and Tulasne (1. c. p. 215) agree in considering this a synonym
of E. communis. Winter, however, (Die Pilze, IT., p. 31) re-
tains H'. Martii and refers to it all forms having hyaline ap-
pendages; but he says that he cannot decide whether this
character is always constant and sufficient for their separation.
Careful examination and comparison of the herbarium speci-
mens specially mentioned by Winter, show that this character
is not constant, for some of those given by him under L. Martii
have distinctly colored appendages, while in some of those
given under E. communis they are very slightly, if at all, col-
ored. In fact the coloring of the appendages seems to depend,
to a considerable extent, on the age and vigor of the specimen,
being light colored or hyaline in the young, and often quite
dark in fully matured, vigorous specimens. A portion, at least,
of the appendages often remains hyaline on Leguminose, while
on Ranunculacee they are usually all quite dark. All our
specimens show more or less distinctly colored appendages.

2

404 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

KE. galeopsidis, DC.
(Flore Frang., VI., p. 108.)

E. lamprocarpa, Lév., in part.
E. labiatarum, Chev. (Flora Paris, IIT., p. 380).

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, haustoria
of the mycelial threads lobed; perithecia somewhat aggregated;
appendages numerous, short, flexuous, colored, interwoven with
the mycelium; asci numerous, often 12 or more; spores 2,
mostly formed late.

On Stachys palustris: Henry, Sept. 28, 1705. Stachys
sps.: Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5812. Teucriwm Canadense: La-
Salle, Sept. 29, 6239. Scutellaria parvula: Lee, Sept. 27, 6208.
Scutellaria lateriflora: McLean, Sept. 6 (Seymour).

This can scarcely be separated from E. cichoracearum by
the characters of the perithecia, but the difference in the haus-
toria, first pointed out by De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze,
IIL., p. 49), can be observed by first soaking a portion of the
leaf in caustic potash and then removing a little of the myce-
lium to the slide. In our specimens the perithecia and append-
ages are rather lighter colored than is usual in E. cichora-
cearum. .

E. cichoracearum, DC.
(Flore Franc., II., p. 274.)

Alphitomorpha communis, Y depressa, horridula, Wally. (Verhandl.
Naturf. Freunde, IV).

Alphitomorpha lamprocarpa, Schl. (Verhandl. Naturf. Freunde, [.,
p. 49).

Erysibe communis, lamprocarpa, depressa, horridula, Lk. and Rabh.

Erysiphe horridula, Montagnei, lamprocarpa, Lév., in part.

Erysiphe ambrosix, verbenz, phlogis, asterum, Schweinitz, (N. A.
Fungi, p. 270).

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, haustoria
rounded, not lobed; perithecia variable; appendages numerous,
mostly short, 1-2 times the diameter of the perithecium, col-
ored, much flexed and interwoven with the mycelium; asci

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 405

variable, 4 or 5 to as many as 20, mostly numerous; spores
large, quite uniformly 2, but occasionally varying to 3 or
even 4.

On Napea dioica: Stephenson, Sept. 13, 5806. Vernonia
Jasciculata: Lake, Aug. 27, 1364; Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1630,
Sept. 24, 1656; Tazewell, July 22, 2371; McLean, Oct. 12,
1850; Jersey, Oct. 18, 6289, Oct. 14, 6312; Union, Oct. 21,
1933; Pulaski, Nov. 4, 2234. Hupatorium purpurewm: Mc-
Lean, Aug. 1, 2366. Aster sagittifolius: McLean, Sept. 6, 5661.
Aster levis: McLean, July 14, 5547. Aster sps: Kane, Aug.
30, 1876; Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1658, Sept. 27, 1691; Henry,
Sept. 28, 1710; McLean, Oct. 11, 1833, 1835, Aug. 4, 2375;
Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5804; Jo Daviess, Sept. 18, 5976; Cham-
paign, Oct. 16, 6574; Union, Oct. 21, 1914, Oct. 24, 1964, Oct.
25, 2000, Oct. 27, 2065. Solidago Canadensis: Stephenson,
Sept. 13, 5804. Solidago sps: Union, Oct. 24,1972. Ambrosia
trifida: La Salle, Sept. 12, 1484, 1494; Rock Island, Sept. 21,
1626; Henry, Sept. 28, 1704; McLean, Oct. 6, 1805, Oct. 18,
1865, Oct. 19, 1898; Jo Daviess, Sept. 15, 5903. Ambrosia arte-
misiefolia: Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1632, Sept. 27, 1690; Fulton,
Oct. 1, 1778; McLean, Oct. 6, 1806, Oct. 12, 1851; Champaign,
Sept. 19, 6618; Union, Oct. 24, 1974, Oct. 25,1998. Xanthium
strumarium: Henry, Sept. 28, 1709; La Salle, Sept. 28, 6214,
Sept. 30, 6246; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6278, Oct. 18, 6288. Helian-
thus rigidus: Boone, Sept. 2, 1421; La Salle, Sept. 12, 1491;
Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1655; Henry, Sept. 28, 1720; Fulton,
Oct. 1, 1782. Helianthus decapetalus: LaSalle, Sept. 14, 1532;
McLean, Oct. 6, 1807. Helianthus tuberosus: McHenry, Aug.
20,1154. Helianthus sps: LaSalle, Sept. 13, 1499; McLean,
Oct. 11, 1837; Lee, Sept. 9, 5742; Jo Daviess, Sept. 16, 5944;
Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5803; Ogle, Sept. 22, 6087, Sept. 25, 6164;
Actinomeris squarrosa: La Salle, Sept. 14, 1531, 1548; Rock Is-
land, Sept. 26, 1668; McLean, Oct. 6, 1808, Oct. 19, 1897;
Union, Oct. 31, 2127; Stephenson, Sept, 2, 6072; Ogle, Sept.
25, 6165. Cirsium discolor: McLean, July 14, 5548, (imma-
ture); Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5805. Hieracium Canadense: Mc-
Henry, Aug. 20,1215. Verbena angustifolia: Marion, Oct. 20,
1901; La Salle, Sept. 29, 6233; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6279; Ogle,
Sept. 23, 61383. Verbena hastata: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1155;

406 Minois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1638; Fulton, Oct. 1, 1783; Jo Daviess,
Sept. 20, 6025. Verbena urticifolia: Piatt, Aug. 15, 1072; Me-
Henry, Aug. 20, 1228; LaSalle, Sept. 18, 1513; Rock Island,
Sept. 24, 1657; Fulton, Oct. 1,1779; McLean, July 20, 2364,
Oct. 12, 1849; Ogle, Sept. 23, 6182. Verbena stricta: Cook,
Sept. 6, 1453; Jackson, Nov. 5, 2255; Jersey, Oct. 12, 6280.
Verbena bracteosa: Adams, Aug. 25 (Seymour). Hydrophyl-
lum Virginicum: Ogle, Sept. 25, 6153. Phlox paniculata:
Adams (Seymour), Phlox sps: Fulton (Wolf). Asclepias
variegata: Union, Sept. 22 (Harle). Parietaria Pennsylvanica:
Stephenson, Sept. 21, 6069; Lee, Sept. 27, 6209. Stevia sps.
(from greenhouse): Union (Karle).

This exceedingly abundant and widely occurring species is
doubtless to be found on other hosts in this State besides those
enumerated above. Although widely variable it is usually
easily recognized by its short dark appendages and numerous
two-spored asci. It is usually known as E. lamprocarpa, Lév.
Winter, however (Die Pilze, II., p. 33), adopts De Candolle’s
name of E. cichoracearum, and according to the law of priority
this seems to be correct.

The forms on various Labiate are often included here, but
they differ in having lobed haustoria on the mycelium threads.
On the various species of Verbena the haustoria are smooth and
rounded as in the forms on Composite.

UNCINULA, Liv.
(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III., Tome XV.)

Perithecium containing several asci; appendages free from
the mycelium, recurved or coiled at the tip.

U. ampelopsidis, Peck.
(Trans. Albany Inst., VII., p. 216.)

U. Americana, Howe (Erysiphei of U.S. in Jour. Bot. 1872).
U. spiralis, B. & C. (Grey. IV., p. 159).
U. subfusca, B. & C. (Grev. IV., p. 160).

Amphigenous or frequently epiphyllous. Perithecia
85-100 », dark brown, opaque, reticulations small, rather
obscure; appendages from 10 or 12 to 20 or more, varying in

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 407

length from once and a half to four or more times the diam-
eter of the perithecium, colored for more than half their length,
frequently septate, occasionally forked, tips loosely and some-
what spirally coiled; asci mostly 4-6 (4-8 Farlow) ovate,
pedicellate; spores 4-6.

Amphigenous: mycelium web-like, thin and evanescent; con-
ceptacles minute, globese, black ; appendages ten to twenty, in length
ouce or twice the diameter of the conceptacle, simple, obscurely septate
toward the base, colored, a little paler at the tips, sporangia four to six,
subglobose or ovate containing four to six spores—Peck, 25th Rep.
N. Y. State Mus., p. 96.

On Vitis (cultivated): Union, Oct. 24, 1965, Oct. 28, 2071;
Wabash (Schneck); Champaign (Burrill). Ampelopsis quin-
quefolia: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1208; La Salle, Sept. 12, 1483;
Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1622; Lee, Sept. 8, 57004; Ogle, Sept.
25, 6161; Champaign (Burrill).

The form on Vitis, which is one of the common “grape
mildews,” is usually known as U. spiralis, B.& C. Aside from
its usually somewhat longer appendages, there seems to be no
way of distinguishing it from the previously described form on
Ampelopsis. The appendages in each are colored, frequently
‘septate, and similarly coiled at the tip, while the cellular
structure of the walls of the perithecium, and the characters of
the spores and asci, are indistinguishable. In specimens on
Vitis from Massachusetts (Seymour), the appendages are
mostly very long; but in the Illinois specimens they are
frequently not more than twice, or sometimes only once and a
half, the diameter of the perithecium; while on Ampelopsis they
are frequently as much as two, two and a half, or even three
times the diameter.

U. macrospora, Peck.

(Trans. Albany Inst., VII., p. 215.)

Amphigenous. Mycelium conspicuous, abundant; perithe-
cia large, 110-140 u, wall tissue soft, reticulations very small,
5-10 », and rather obscure; appendages very numerous, 50 or
more, hyaline, slender, smooth, usually shorter than the diam-
eter of the perithecium, tip closely coiled, not enlarged; asci
several, 8-10; spores 2, large, 20 by 80-35 wu.

408 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Mycelium effused, persistent; conceptacles subglobose; appendages
numerous, thirty or more, about equal in lengthto the diameter of the
conceptacle; sporangia eight to twelve; spores two, very large, elliptical,
.0012-.0015 inch long.— Peck, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 96.

On Ulmus Americana: Fulton, Oct. 1, 1776, 1781; McLean,
Oct. 12, 1852. Ulmus alata: Union, Oct. 2, 6547. Oct. 21, 1916,
1934, Oct. 22, 1962, 2377, Oct. 25, 2028, Oct. 28, 2078, 2091.

This abundantly occurring species differs sufficiently from
European specimens of U. Bivone, Lév. on Ulmus campestris
(Thiim. Mycoth. Univer. No. 755). In these the perithecia
are smaller (80-90 »), and the reticulations are much larger
(10-15 ») and more distinct. _The fewer (less than 20) ap-
pendages are stouter, somewhat roughened and conspicuously
swollen at the tip. The usually four asci each contain two
spores about 30 » long but narrower than in U. macrocarpa.

U. flexuosa, Peck.
(Trans. Albany Inst., VII., p. 215.)

Hypophyllous. Perithecia large 110-125 », dark, opaque,
reticulations obscure; appendages numerous, 40 or more, about
equaling the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, minutely
roughened, thickened and irregularly flexuous toward the tip;
asci about 10, ovate or pyriform, strongly pedicellate; spores 8,
small, 15-20 » long.

The wavy-flexuous appendages are peculiar to this species, and
with its more numerous spores separate it from U. adunca Lév. to which
it is sometimes referred.—Peck, 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 80.

On Aisculus sps.: Union, Sept. 15 (Earle).

This handsome and peculiar species is well characterized
by the several abrupt changes of direction in the upper half of
the appendage, which give it a peculiar wavy outline.

U. circinata, C. & P.
(Erysiphei of the U. S. in Jour. of Bot. 1872.)

Hypophyllous. Mycelium inconspicuous; perithecia very
large, depressed, 150-175 » in greatest diameter, texture soft,
reticulations very small and irregular; appendages very numer-

’ Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 409

ous, slender, simple, about equal to the diameter of the perithe-
cium, hyaline, smooth, tips not swollen, ascending from the
upper half of the perithecium; asci numerous, 14 or more, long
and slender, oblong or narrowly ovate, pedicellate, about 30 by
75 »; spores 8, small, about 10 by 15 p.

Mycelium dense, effuse, persistent; conceptacles large, depressed
or flattened, black; appendages very numerous, slender, about equal “in
length to the diameter of the conceptacle, simple, colorless; sporangia
oblong or narrowly ovate, eight to sixteen, containing eight spores.—
Peck, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus. p. 26.

On Acer saccharinum: Champaign, Oct. 17 (Waite).

This is distinguished from U. aceris, (DC.) Lév. by its
simple appendages, and more numerous, very narrow asci. In
our specimens the mycelium is quite inconspicuous, but in
specimens from Massachusetts (Seymour) it is more abundant.
The leaves affected by it can be distinguished at some distance,
as the areas covered by it remain green after the rest of the
leaf has assumed its autumn tint. (Waite. )

U. parvula, C. & P.
(Erysiphei of the U.S. in Jour. of Bot. 1872.)

Amphigenous. Perithecia small, 90-100 », delicate, retic-
ulations distinct, small and regular, averaging about 10 »;
appendages very numerous, delicate, slender, hyaline, shorter
than the diameter of the perithecium; asci 5-7, broadly elliptic;
spores 6-8, mostly 6, large, 20-25 » long.

Hypophyllous; mycelium effused, delicate, evanescent ; perithecia
scattered, globose, minute; appendages simple, numerous, scarcely so
long as the diameter of the perithecia; asci elliptical, rosirate; spores
6.— Cooke and Peck, Erysiphei of the U. S., Supp. in Jour. of Bot.,
June, 1872.

On Celtis occidentalis: Union, Oct. 26, 2036; Oct. 31, 2144;
Jackson, Nov. 5, 2264.

This is perhaps too near U. Salicis, (DC.) Winter, but it
seems to be distinguished by its uniformly smaller size and its
shorter, more delicate appendages.

410 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

U. salicis, (DC.) Winter.

(Die Pilze, II., p. 40.)

Erysiphe salicis, DC. (Flore Franc., II., p. 278).

Erysiphe populi, DC. (Flore Franc., VI., p. 104).

Alphitomorpha adunea, guttata, Wallr. (Verh. Naturf. Freunde, L., pp.
37, 42).

Erysibe adunca, obtusata, Lk. (Spec. Plant., VI., 1, p. 117).

Erysiphe adunca, Grev. (Scott. Crypt. Flora, V., tab. 296).

Uncinula adunca, Lév. (Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III., Tome XV).

Uncinula leuculenta, Howe (Trans. Albany Inst., VII., quoted in
Amer. Nat., VII., p. 58).

Uncinula heliciformis, Howe (Torr. Bull., V., p. 4).

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent; perithecia
usually large, 100-160 wu, wall-tissue soft, elastic, reticulations
rather small and indistinct; appendages variable in number,
usually very numerous, hyaline, not much swollen at the tip,
once to twice as long as the diameter of the perithecium; asci
from 4 or 5 to 12 or more, ovate; spores usually 4 or 5, some-
times 6-8.

On Salix sps.: La Salle, Sept. 20, 1602; Henry, Sept. 28,
1721; Jo Daviess, Sept. 20, 6029, 6030, 6031; Stephenson, Sept.
21, 6083. Salix petiolaris: Piatt, Aug. 17,1148. Salix cor-
data: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1152, Aug. 24, 1255, 1256; Cook, Sept.
5, 1485; Jo Daviess, Sept. 18, 5974. Populus tremuloides:
McHenry, Aug. 23, 1250, Aug. 31, 1397; Jo Daviess, Sept.
18, 6018. Populus grandidentata: La Salle, Sept. 17, 1579.
Populus heterophylla: Union, Oct. 25, 2020, 20381; Oct. 31,
2142.

This species is quite variable, as are most of the abundant
and widely distributed ones belonging to the family. It is
usually known as U. adunca, Lév.; but De Candolle’s name has
priority, and is adopted by Winter (Die Pilze, II., p. 40) and
Tulasne (Fung. Carp. I., p.198). The asci are usually described
with only four or five spores, but our specimens frequently show
as many as six, and sometimes seven or eight.

‘Uz leuculenta, Howe, is described as occurring on Populus,
with fewer and longer appendages and five or six spores. Tli-
nois specimens on Populus sometimes show rather longer ap-
pendages than on Salix, but as the more numerous spores are
frequent on both hosts, there is no sufficient ground for sepa-

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 411

rating them. Trelease (Parasitic Fungi of Wis., p. 8) gives U.
heliciformis Howe, as a synonym for U. adunca. Howe's
description says, “ appendages colored at base;” but this alone
would not be a sufficient specific character. There is nothing
else in the description by which to distinguish it from the other
forms on Populus.

PHYLLACTINIA, Liv.
(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III., Tome XV., p. 144.)

Perithecium containing several asci; appendages free from
the mycelium, acicular, acute at the tip, abruptly swollen
at base.

P. suffulta, (Reb.) Sacc.

(Syl. Fung., I., p. 5.)

Sclerotium suffultum, Rebent. (Flor. Neom., p. 360).

Erysiphe coryli, fraxini, DC. (Flore Franc., II., p. 273).

Erysiphe vagans, Bivon. (Stirp. rar. Sicil., III., p. 19).

Alphitomorpha guttata, Wallr. (Verh. Naturf. Freunde, I., p. 42).

Erysibe guttata, Lk. (Spee. Plant., VI., 1, p. 116).

Erysibe guttata, Fr. (Syst. Mycol., III., p. 245).

Phyllactinia guttata, Lév. (Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III., Tome XV).

Hypophyllous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, or scant
and evanescent; perithecia very large, 150-250 », wall tissue
soft, cellular structure and reticulations obscure; appendages
few, usually 8-12, easily detached, hyaline, varying in length
from less than to three or four times the diameter of the
perithecium; asci 4 or 5 to 20 or more, ovate, pedicellate;
spores normally 2, occasionally 3 or 4, variable in size, mostly
quite large.

On Liriodendron tulipifera: Union, Oct. (Earle). Celas-
trus scandens: Jersey, Oct. 14, 63807. Crataegus tomentosa var.
pyrifolia: Champaign, Oct. 18 (Seymour). Cornus Florida:
Union, Oct. 2, 6544. Ilex decidua: Union, Oct. 7 (Earle).
Catalpa bignonioides: Champaign, Oct. 10, 65774. Fraxinus
sps.: Union, Sept. (Earle); Champaign, Oct. (Waite). Ulmus
Americana: Jersey, Oct. 12, 6277. Ulmus alata: Union,
Oct. 2, 6548, Oct. 22, 2377. Quercus macrocarpa: Union, Oct.
21, 1917, Oct. 28, 2090, 2105. Quercus coccinea: Union, Oct.
31, 2139; Champaign, Oct. 30, 6877. Quercus tinctoria:

412 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Union, Sept. and Oct. (Earle). Quercus rubra: Union, Nov. 1,
2196. Querens (palustris? ): La Salle, Sept. 17, 1582. Fagus
ferruginea: Union, Sept. 20 (Earle). Corylus Americana:
Lee, Sept. 12, 5794; Jo Daviess, Sept. 16, 5940; Ogle, Sept.,
6192; Union, Sept. and Oct. (Earle). Betula nigra: Jersey,
Oct. 14, 6306; Union, Oct. 4, 6561.

This frequently occurring species presents many variations
in the size of the perithecia, the length of the appendages, the
number and size of the asci, and the size of the spores; but
none of these forms seem constant enough to justify their
separation. On Liriodendron the mycelium is usually incon-
spicuous, the appendages but little longer than the diameter of
the perithecium, and the few (8-10) asci are large and broadly
ovate. On Ulmus the mycelium is abundant and persistent,
the perithecia and appendages medium, and the very numerous
(20-80) asci are small and narrow. On Quercus the perithecia
are very large, and the 10-15 asci and the spores are much
larger than on Ulmus. On Corylus the perithecia are small,
but the appendages are very long. Asci and spores not
observed on this host. They seem to mature later than on the
others.

This species has long been known as P. guttata, Lév., but
priority demands the use of the name given by Rebentisch,
(Sacc. Syl. Fung., L, p. 5).

The peculiar yellow oil often occurring in the perithecia
of this family is here particularly abundant and noticeable.
In some cases, especially on Ulmus, the leaves affected by the
fungus turn yellow and fall prematurely.

PODOSPH4RA, Kunze.
(Mycol., Hefte IL, p. 111.)

Perithecium containing asingle ascus; appendages free from
the mycelium, dichotomously branched at the end.

P. oxyacanthe, (DC.) DBy.
(Morph. und. Phys. der Pilze, III., p. 480.) ,

Erysiphe oxyacanthe, DC. (Flore Franc., VI., p. 106).

Alphitomorpha tridactyla, clandestina, Wallr. (Flore Crypt. Germ,,
III., p. 758).

Parasitic Fungi of Iinois. 413

Erysibe tridactyla, Rabh. (Deutschl. Krypt. FIL, L., p. 273).

Erysibe clandestina, Lk. (Spec. Plant., VI., I., p. 103).

Podosphera Kunzei, clandestina, Lév. (Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. IIL,

Tome XV).

Podosphxra trydactyla, myrtillina, DBy. (1. ¢., III., p. 48).

Podosphera myrtillina, Kunze (Mycol., Hefte IL., p. 111).

Podosphzra minor, Howe (Torr. Bull., V., p. 3).

Amphigenous. Mycelium variable, often abundant, per-
sistent, perithecia 65-110 ». dark, opaque, reticulations regu-
lar, about 10-15 », evident when young, scarcely observable
when old, except by the uneven surface; appendages 8-20,
dark brown for more than half their length, frequently septate,
1-4 times as long as the diameter of the perithecium, 3-5
times dichotomously forked, branches short, often swollen, tips
recurved; ascus broadly elliptic or orbicular, about 50 by 60 u,
thick walled; spores usually 8.

On Crategus tomentosa var. pyrifolia: Union, Nov. 3,
2194; Adams, July 3, 5894. Crategus sps: Union, Sept.
(Earle). Prunus Anericana: Lee, Sept. 9, 5744. Prunus
cerasus (cultivated): McHenry, Aug. 24, 1289; Rock Island,
Sept. 21, 1625; Piatt, Aug. 16, 1151; Adams, June 29, 5342;
Union, Aug. 22 (Earle).

European botanists agree in dividing what is here included
under P. oxyacanthe, into three species, as follows:—

P. oxyacanthe, (DC.) DBy. Appendages 8 or more, about
equal to the diameter of the perithecium, standing erect on its
upper surface. On Crategus, Sorbus, and Mespilus.

P. tridactyla, (Wallr.) DBy. Appendages 3-7, standing
erect in a parallel bundle on the summit of the perithecium. On
Prunus sps.

P. myrtillina, (Schubert) Kunze. Appendages 6-10, aris-
ing from the upper surface of the perithecium, but radiating
divergently or reflexed. On Vaccinium.

European specimens on the above hosts show these distin-
guishing characters sufficiently well. American specimens on
Prunus often have as many as twenty appendages, and though
they all stand on the upper half of the perithecium it is only in
rare cases that they are collected in an erect cluster at the summit,
asin P. tridactyla. They usually radiate even more divergently

than in P. myrtillina. In American specimens, on Cratwgus

414 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

the appendages average a little shorter than on Prunus, but
they show no other appreciable differences. In both cases they
are too variable for this to constitute a distinguishing charac-
teristic.

As our specimens thus present intermediate forms con-
necting those that are separated in Europe, it becomes necessary
to consider them all as belonging to one variable species.
Widely varying species are common among the Erysi-
phew, and the forms included here differ much less widely than
those that are referred to Hrysiphe communis or Phyllactinia
suffulta. As De Candolle’s name has priority, it must be re-
tained.

MICROSPH4RA, Liv.

(Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser. III., Tome XV.)

Perithecium containing several asci; appendages free from
the mycelium, more or less dichotomously branched at the

end.

KEY To THE ILLINOIS Sprcres oF MICcROSPHERA.

I. Tips of the appendages not recurved................. A.
II. Tips of the appendages recurved when mature........ B.
A. Apperdages colored... 253 eecviepadsenceccucce 1.
Appendages hyaline or nearly so.............004. 2.

1. Appendages short (equal to diameter of perithe-

NOUN red te re cai Wipe eran nie M. sEMrrosta.

Appendages very long (4-6 times diameter of
PORIRACIUUR )i,:5 «a Jo55 sneer dek wows M. Rossen.

2. Appendages medium (2-3
times diameter of perithe-
50) ee ee

Appendages long (3-6 times di- { M. vaccrna.
ameter of perithecium)........ M. EUPHORBLA.

M. prrrusa.
M. syMPHORICARPI.

i

Parasitic Fungi of Itlinois. 415

B. Appendages colored...........+-+- M. ERINEOPHILA.
Appendages mostly hyaline...............00000: 2.

2. Appendages short (2 times diame- { M. RAvENLII.
ter of perithecium, or less)..... M. axnt.

Appendages usually long (2-4 times { M. queRctna
diameter of perithecium)........ M. ELEVaTa.

A. Tips of the appendages not recurved.
1. Appendages colored.

M. semitosta, B. & C.
(Grey. IV., p. 160.)

Epiphyllous. Mycelium persistent; perithecia few, some-
what aggregated, 90-100 u, delicate, reticulations regular and
distinct, about 10 »; appendages 12 or more, about equal to
the diameter of the perithecium, colored throughout, paler to-
ward the tip, or the color stopping at a distinct line like a sep-
tum, 3 or 4 times dichotomously branched, primary branches
long, others short, tips obtuse, not recurved; asci—; spores
small, 10 by 15 wz.

Mycelium sparing; appendages forked three times, more than twice
as long as the diameter of the perithecia; abruptly brown at the base;
sporidia 4.—Berkeley, 1. c.

On Cephalanthus occidentalis: Champaign, Oct. (Waite).

In the specimens at hand the number of asci and spores
cannot be determined. Compared with the description by
Berkeley, the appendages are not so long, and only part of
them show the abrupt termination of the coloring.

M. Russellii, Clinton.

(26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 80.)

Amphigenous. Mycelium inconspicuous; perithecia small,
75-100 u, delicate, reticulations regular, distinct, about 10 »;
appendages 8-18, many times longer than the diameter of the
perithecium, colored for half or two thirds of their length,
occasionally septate, simple, bifid, or two or three times irregu-
larly branched, branches long, often distorted, tips not swollen
or recurved; asci 4-8; spores usually 4, small.

416 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

Amphigenous; mycelium arachnoid, evanescent, appendages 8-18,
very long, flexuous, colored, paler toward the tips, which are simple or
one to three times divided; sporangia ovate, 4-8; spores 4, elliptical,
.0007-.0008 in. long.—Peck 26th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 80.

On Oxalis stricta: McLean, Oct. 7, 1827.

The appéndages, from their length and manner of branch-
ing, much resemble those of M. euphorbic, but they are strongly
colored, and the perithecia are smaller and more delicate.

2. Appendages hyaline or nearly so.

M. diffusa, C. & P.
(Erysiphei of the U. S., in Jour. of Bot. 1872.)

Usually epiphyllous. Perithecia scattered, 100-120 pu, dark,
opaque, reticulations rather obscure, 10-15 »; appendages 15-
25, hyaline, or slightly tinted at base, 2-4 times as long
as the diameter of the perithecium, once to four or five times
irregularly or dichotomously branched, branches long and dif-
fusely spreading, not at all swollen or recurved; asci 4-7, ovate
pedicellate, rather small, 30-35 by 60-65 »; spores 4-8, mostly
4-5.

Mycelium thin, evanescent; conceptacles minute, globose, black ;
appendages numerous, eighteen to twenty-five, in length once or thrice
the diameter of the conceptacle, somewhat irregularly divided and

slightly nodulose at the tips; sporangia ovate, four to six, containing
four to six spores. — Peck, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 95.

On Desmodium cuspidatum: Jo Daviess, Sept. 20, 6041;
Champaign, Sept. 18, 6617, Oct. 25, 6599. Desmodium Cana-
dense: Lee, Sept. 12, 5793; Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5807, Sept.
21, 6073; Jo Daviess, Sept. 18, 5970, 5972, 6001: Ogle, Sept.
22, 6089. Desmodium paniculatum: Jo Daviess, Sept. 18, 5973.
Desmodium sps.: Union (Earle). Lespedeza capitata: Ogle,
Sept. 28, 6136, Lespedeza hirta: Union, Sept. 20 (Earle).
Phaseolus perennis: Union (Earle).

This species seems to be well characterized by the long, lax
branching of the appendages. In Illinois specimens on Desmo-
dium the appendages are usually 2-24 times the diameter of the
perithecium; but on Phaseolus, some of them are 34 times

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 417

the diameter, and in specimens on Lespedeza capitata from Wis-
consin (Pammel), which otherwise agree with this species, the
appendages are five or six times the diameter.

M. symphoricarpi, Howe.

(Torr. Bull., V., p. 3.)

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent; perithecia
small, 80-100 », delicate, reticulations large, regular, 15-20 »;
appendages 8-16, hyaline or slightly colored at base, 2-4 times
as long as the diameter of the perithecium, 4-5 times dichoto-
mous, branches short, compact, tips truncate, somewhat swollen,
not recurved; asci 4-10, small, 50 » long; spores 4-6, small and
narrow, 10-18 z.

Mycelium effused, sub-persistent; perithecia scattered or crowded;
appendages 8-14, 2-4 times the length of the diameter of the perithecia,

8-5 times dichotomous, ramuli divaricate, tips variable, often truncate,
never curved; asci 4-6; spores 3-5.— Howe, Torr. Bull., V., p. 3.

On Symphoricarpus vulgaris: Piatt, Aug. 15, 1074, Aug.
16, 1099; McLean, July 29, 2372. Symphoricarpus sps.: Union,
Nov. 1, 2184.

This is much like some forms of M. vaccinii, but the my-
celium is more abundant and the reticulations are larger and
more evident.

M. vaccinii, C. & P.
(Erysiphei of the U.S., in Jour. of Bot. 1872.)

Erysiphe vaccinii, Schw. [?] (N. A. Fungi, p. 270).

Amphigenous. Mycelium thin and delicate, often eva-
nescent, or sometimes abundant, peristent; perithecia variable,
often small, 80-90 u, or large, 110-120 », fragile; appendages
10-20, hyaline, smooth, slightly colored at base, 2 or 3 to as
many as 6 times the diameter of the perithecium, branching
various, usually 3 or 4 times forked, with the tips truncate or
bifid, not recurved, occasionally more ornate, with tip distinctly
recurved; asci 4-8, small and broad, about 40 by 55 »; spores
4-6 small.

Amphigenous; mycelium arachnoid, evanescent; perithecia globose,
scattered; asci 6 to 8; spores 6 to 8; appendages rather numerous (12 to

418 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

20) 4 to 6 times as long as the diameter of the perithecia; 3 to 4 times
dichotomously branched above, tips swollen.—Cooke and Peck, Erysiphei
of U.S., in Jour. Bot. 1882.

On Gaylussacia resinosa: Ogle, Sept. 25, 6173; La Salle,
Sept. 30,6247. Vaccinium (vacillans? ): Jersey, Oct. 14, 6318,

This is a variable species not only in the character of the
mycelium, but in the length and branching of the appendages.
In most cases the tips are swollen, and not at all recurved.
There is some confusion in regard to the authority for this
species. Schweinitz (N. A. Fungi, p. 270) describes an Lrysi-
phe vaccinit on Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum from Berks Co.,
Penn., while Peck (23d Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p.65) refers spe-
cimens on Epigea repens to Erysiphe vaccinii, Schw., and on
the same page describes Microsphera vaccinii on Vaccinium
vacillans as anew species. This report was submitted for publi-
cation in 1870, but was not printed until three years later.
During this interval the species was published jointly by Cooke
and Peck in the Journal of Botany (Jan. 1872). As Schwei-
nitz’s specimens were on Vaccinium, it is very probable that they
belonged to this species rather than to the one on Epigea.
This point can probably never be satisfactorily settled, so it
is best to write simply M. Vaccinii, C. & P.

M. euphorbie, B. & C.
(Grey. IV., p. 160.)

Amphigenous. Mycelium abundant, persistent; perithecia
scattered, abundant, usually small, 80-100 u, but often larger
(120 »), texture soft, elastic, reticulations 10-15 », frequently
obscure; appendages 15-20, very long, 5-6, or more times, the
diameter of the perithecium, hyaline, often slightly tinted at
base, irregularly flexuous and often nodularly swollen, at first
simple, then part of them bifid or three or four times dichoto-
mous, branches long, lax, tips sometimes bifid, but not swollen

or recurved ; asci 4-8, frequently 6, pedicellate, 35-40 by 65 »;
spores 4-6.

Mycelium ample; appendages many times longer than the diame-

ter of the perithecia, once or twice forked, then lobed at the tips.—Berke-
ley, Grev. IV., p. 160.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 419

On Euphorbia hypericifolia: Union, Oct. 24, 1981. Eu-
phorbia corollata: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1198, Aug. 26, 1294,
Sept. 1, 1411; Boone, Sept. 2, 1418; McLean, Oct. 7, 1821, Oct.
12, 1842; Union, Oct. 21, 1988, Oct. 25, 2005, Oct. 29, 2117;
Lee, Sept. 11, 5778; Jo Daviess, Sept. 16, 5943, Sept. 18, 5971.

This is very common throughout the State, and is easily
recognized by its very long, often unbranched, colorless append-
ages. Such appendages are also characteristic of the European
species M. Astragali, (DC.) Trev. Our specimens closely re-
semble specimens of the latter on Astragalus glycyphyllus.

B. Tips of appendages distinctly recurved when mature.

M. erineophila, Peck.
(Torr. Bull., X., p. 75.)

Mycelium thin; perithecia 90-100 », fragile, dark,
opaque, reticulations obscure; appendages few, 8-12, dark
colored except the branches, scarcely equal to the diameter of
the perithecium, 4-6 times regularly dichotomous, branches
short and rather thick, tips recurved; asci 5-8, oval or ovate,
pedicellate, rather small, 85 by 55 »; spores uniformly 8,
small.

Mycelium arachnoid, sub-persistent; perithecia .003 to .004 of an
inch broad, sometimes collapsed or pezizeeform; appendages 6 to 12,
shorter than, or about equal to, the diameter of the perithecia, colored,
the tips paler and two or three times dichotomous; asci 4, sometimes 3
or 5, eight-spored; spores .0008 to .0009 of an inch long, .00045 to .0005
broad, usually containing one or two large nuclei—Peck, Torr. Bull.,
X., p. 75.

On the “ Erineum” caused by some species of Phytoptus
on the lower sides of the leaves of Fagus ferruginea: Union,
Aug. 20, Sept. 20 (Harle); Pulaski, Nov. 4, 2230, 2244, 2245.

This peculiar species is not uncommon in southern IIlinois.
So far as is known it has not been collected elsewhere. It has
been distributed by Winter as No. 3245 of his ‘‘ Fungi Europ. et
extra Europei.”

3

420 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

2. Appendages mostly hyaline.

M. Ravenelii, Berk.
(Grev. IV., p. 160.)

Amphigenous. Mycelium usually abundant, persistent;
perithicea abundant, usually large, 100-130 », reticulations
small and irregular, about 10 »; appendages 10-20, somewhat
roughened, usually hyaline, occasionally colored for a distance,
the color ending at an abrupt line like a septum, once or twice
as long as the diameter of the perithecium, 5-7 times dichoto-
mous, branches short, forming a more or less compact head, tips
not swollen at length, usually acute and recurved; asci 6-10,
frequently 8, ovate pedicellate, about 45 by 60 4; spores 4-6
(Saccardo says 8).

Mycelium effused, dirty white; appendages repeatedly forked to-
ward the apex, much more so than in the last (M. penicillata Lév).—
Berkeley, Grev. IV., p. 160. ,

On Gleditschia tricanthos: Piatt, Aug. 16, 1100; Fulton,
Oct. 1, 1780; McLean, Aug. 6, 2363, Oct. 6, 1861; La Salle,
Sept. 29, 6237; Jersey, Oct. 13, 6286. Lathyrus palustris:
Champaign, Oct. (Waite). Vicia Americana: McHenry, Aug.
20, 1211.

In the typical form of this species, that on Gleditschia, the
peculiarly colored appendages mentioned in the description sel-
dom occur, but they may occasionally be noticed. On Vicia a
majority of the appendages are colored in this manner, and the
mycelium is rather less abundant. In other respects it agrees
so closely with M. Ravenelii that it does not seem best to sep-
arate it, especially as the appendages are not all colored on Vi-
cia while they are occasionally colored on Glledifschia. The
form on Lathyrus stands about half way between the other
two in the coloring of the appendages and density of the my-
celium. A form on Lathyrus has been referred by Trelease
(Parasitic Fungi of Wisconsin, p. 8.) to M. diffusa, C.& P. It
seems from his note to be the same as our form on this host.
Our specimens of M. diffusa on Desmodium, Lespedeza, and Pha-
seolus closely agree in the long and loose branching of their ap-
pendages, a character well expressed by the specific name, and

Parasitic Fungi of Mlinois. 421

the tips, even in the most mature specimens, are not at all re-
curved. This is clearly different from the regular and compact
branching and recurved tips of the appendages on Lathyrus,
which, as Trelease himself observes, “closely resemble those of
M. Ravenelii, B.”

M. alni, (DC.) Winter.
(Die Pilze, IL., p. 38.)

Erysiphe alni, betule, DC. (Flore Franc., VI., pp. 104-107).
Alphitomorpha penicillata, Wallr. (Verhandl. Naturf. Freunde,
IL, p. 40).

Erysibe penicillata, Lk. (Spec. Plant., VI., I., p. 118).

Erysiphe viburni, Duby (Bot. Gall, IL. p. 872).

Erysiphe ceanothi, viburni, syringe, Sehw. (N. A. Fungi, pp. 269, 270).

Microsphzra Hedwigti, penicillata, Friesii, Lév. (Ann. Sci. Nat., Ser.
III., Tome XV).

Microsphera platani, Howe (Torr. Bull., V., p. 4).

Microsphera Van Bruntiana, Ger. (Torr. Bull., VI., p. 31).

Microsphzra viburni, Howe (Torr. Bull., V., p. 48).

Microsphxra pulchra, C. & P. (Erysiphei of U.S8., in Jour. of Bot.,
1872).

Amphigenous. Mycelium often delicate and evanescent,
sometimes abundant and persistent; perithecia usually small,
80-100 », sometimes large, 100-130 », wall tissue compact,
rather fragile, reticulations not large, 10-15 »; appendages 6
or 8 to 15 or 20, hyaline, usually tinted at base, often somewhat
roughened, usually about equaling, but varying from less than
to more than twice the diameter of the perithecium, 4-6 times
dichotomous, branches varying in length and angle of
divergence, but always regular and symmetrical, tips acute,
distinctly, often strongly, recurved; asci varying with the size
of the perithecium from 2 or 3 to 8 or more, usually 4 or 5,
ovate when numerous, suborbicular when few; spores 4-8,
variable, mostly small, averaging about 20 » long.

On Ceanothus Americanus: Stephenson, Sept. 21, 6082;
Ogle, Sept. 22, 6090, Sept. 23, 6135. Huonymus atropurpureus:
La Salle, Sept. 17, 1580; Champaign, Aug. 12, 1057. Lonicera
-flawa (cultivated): Champaign, Oct. 9, 2381. Viburnum
pubescens: McHenry, Aug. 24, 1262. Viburnum prunifolium:
Jo Daviess, Sept. 18, 5969; Champaign, Oct. (Waite). lea

422 Iinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

decidua: Union, Oct. 25, 2014; Jersey, Oct. 13, 6287. Ulmus
Americana, Jo Daviess, Sept. 19, 6008. Syringa vulgaris:
McHenry, Aug. 20, 1178, 1214, Aug. 31, 1898; Cook, Sept. 8,
1464; La Salle, Sept. 12, 1500; Rock Island, Sept. 21, 1623;
McLean, Oct. 18, 1872, Aug. 18, 5632; Union, Nov. 1, 2185;
Jackson, Nov. 5, 2260; Jo Daviess, Sept. 20, 6039. Platanus
occidentalis: Champaign, Oct. 30, 6375; Union, Sept. & Oct.
(Earle). Juglans cinerea: Union, Sept. 22 (Harle). Juglans
nigra: Union, Oct. 22 (Earle). Carya alba: Union (Karle).
Corylus Americana: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1169, Aug. 24, 1287;
Lee, Sept. 12, 5790; Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5879, Sept. 24, 6066;
Jo Daviess, Sept. 16, 5941, Sept. 19, 6000; Ogle, Sept. 25, 6174.

The forms here included under M. alni have been assigned
by different authors to various species, distinguished, for the
most part, by the number of the asci and spores. In all of
these forms the size of the perithecia, even when standing side
by side on the same leaf, is quite variable, and, as a consequence,
the number and shape of the asci they contain vary equally
widely. Very small perithecia contain only a few (2-4) sub-
orbicular asci, while larger ones contain a greater number,
which, owing to lateral crowding, are narrower and longer.
The spores are by no means constant in number, even in asci
from the same perithecium. It is manifestly impossible to
maintain specific distinctions based on such variable charac-
teristics; and it becomes necessary, as in other genera of the
family, to combine these rather widely varying forms. Aside
from the number of asci and spores, the forms included here
do not, however, present any very wide variations. In fact the
branching of the appendages, and the cellular structure of the
wall of the perithecium, are strikingly alike in all of them.
The specimens collected in Union county, on Juglans cinerea
and J. nigra, are sometimes very different from the type,
having appendages less than the diameter of the perithecium.
But on these same hosts other forms imperceptibly grade into
the characteristic ones, leaving no room for specific distinction.

The form on Syringa is usually known as M. Friesii, Lév.;
that on Viburnum as M. viburni, Howe; that on Sambucus as
M. Van Bruntiana, Ger.; and that on Platanus as M. platani,
Howe. The others are usually referred to M. penicillata, Lév.

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 423

It is unfortunately necessary to discard this last well-known
name in favor of the one previously given by De Candolle to
one of the many forms of the species. This is to be regretted
the more as the name, alni, taken from only one among so
many hosts, fails to express any true characteristic of the spe-
cies as now understood. Some writers whose opinions carry
great weight in all matters concerning fungi, would consider
this sufficient ground for disregarding the law of priority, and
would select from the names that had been given to the species,
the one that seemed to them to be most appropriate, even going
so far as to give a plant an entirely new name, because
found to occur on other hosts than the one from which its name
was derived. The case of Phytophthora omnivora, De Bary, may
be taken to illustrate this usage. Hartig described a parasite oc-
curring on young birch seedlings as Peronospora fagi (Zeitschr.
f. Forst- und Jagdwesen., VIII. (1875), p. 121). Schenk de-
scribed a similar parasite on Sempervivum as Peronospora semper-
vivi (Sitzungsber. d. Naturf. Gesellschaft zu Leipzig, July,
1875). De Bary (Morph. und Phys. der Pilze, IV., pp. 22-27)
finds these two species to be identical, and that the same thing
also occurs on Clarkia. He, therefore, in transferring them to
his new genus, Phytophthora, writes P. omnivora, entirely disre-
garding both of the previously given names, although, in this
case, there could be no question of the identity of the forms
first described, but only of the appropriateness of the older
names in the light of the increased knowledge of the species.

While it is doubtless very desirable to have species appro-
priately named, it is easy to see that this practice, if usually
followed, would lead to endless confusion; for each addition to
our knowledge of a species would necessitate, or at least permit,
a change of name. Here, as in other branches of biology, the
only safe rule seems to be to adhere rigidly to the law of pri-
ority whenever the older name is at all admissible. If this
species never occurred on Alnus the retention of the name M.
alni would be much more questionable.

This species is not reported as occurring on Syringa, in
Europe, although abundaut there on other hosts. This seems
singular when it is remembered how frequently our lilacs are
attacked by it, and naturally leads to the question whether,

424 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

after all, this form may not be distinct. In the present state
of our knowledge, the classification of these minute plants is
necessarily based almost entirely on their morphological char-
acters; and as there are no constant differences of form by
which they can be distinguished, it is necessary to consider
them identical until the contrary is proved by a careful study
of their development and life history.

M. quercina, (Schw.) Burrill.

(N. A. Fungi, p. 270.)

Erysiphe quercinum, Schw. (N. A. Fungi, p. 270).

Microsphzra extensa, C.& P. (Erysiphei of U.S., in Jour. of Bot., 1872).

Microsphera abbreviata, Peck (28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 64).

Ephiphyllous, hypophyllous, or amphigenous. Mycelium
abundant, rather thin and pruinose, forming orbicular patches
or spreading over the whole surface of the leaf; perithecia
abundant, scattered, varying from 80-140 »u, reticulations evi-
dent, small, and irregular; appendages less than 20, varying
in length from less than, to 4 or 5 times, the diameter of the
perithecium, hyaline, often tinted at base, smooth or some-
times roughened, usually regularly 5-6 times dichotomous,
branches short and tips strongly recurved, but presenting many
curious and ornate variations caused by the more extended or
unequal growth of some of the branches; asci 3-8, often rup-
turing by slight pressure; spores 4-8, variable, usually large,
20-30 » long.

M. extensa, C. & P. Mycelium thin, effuse, persistent; conceptacles
globose, black; appendages eight to twelve, in length three or four times
the diameter of conceptacle, colorless; sporangia four, subglobose or
ovate, containing four to six spores. Upper surface of oak leaves. Quer-
cus rubra.—Peck, 25th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 95.

M. abbreviata, Peck. Mycelium thin; conceptacles small; append-
ages six to fifteen, hyaline, rough, shorter than the diameter of the con-
ceptacles, many times dichotomous at the tips, the ultimate ramule
curved; sporangia three or four, containing three to five, mostly four,
spores; spores large, .001’-.0013’ long, .00066’ broad. Under surface of
dead or languishing oak leaves.—Peck, 28th Rep. N. Y. State Mus., p. 64.

On Quercus alba: Rock Island, Sept. 24, 1667; McLean,
Oct. 12, 18484; Jo Daviess, Sept. 18, 5968; Jersey, Oct. 12,
6276; Jackson, Nov. 5, 2269; Union, Oct. 2, 6541, 6545, Oct. 4,
6565, Oct. 28, 2085, 2186, 20994. Q. obtusiloba: Union, Oct. 2,

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 425

6540, Oct. 27, 2064. Q. macrocarpa: LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1581;
Union, Oct. 21, 1917, Oct. 28, 2090, 2095, 2105. @Q. Prinus:
Union (Harle). Q. imbricaria: Union, Nov. 1, 2190, 2191.
Q. (nigra ?): Union, Oct. 4, 6563, 6566, 6577, Oct. 28, 2099,
2100. Q. coccinea: Pulaski, Nov. 8, 2224, 2225, Nov. 4, 2241.
Q. tinctoria: Champaign, Nov. 9, 2376; Union, Oct. 4, 6569,
6568, (6104 ?). @. rubra: McHenry, Aug. 20, 1202, Aug. 27,
1336, Aug. 31, 1890; LaSalle, Sept. 17, 1578, Sept. 20, 6255;
Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1635; McLean, Oct. 12, 1848, Oct. 18,
1883, Aug. 1, 2368; Stephenson, Sept. 18, 5810; Jersey, Oct.
12, 6275; Union, Oct. 4, 6555, Oct. 25, 2022, Oct. 28, 2081,
2094, Nov. 1, 2192.

This abundant species probably occurs on other kinds of
oak in this State besides those mentioned above. Although it
is exceedingly variable, specimens from the same host species,
even when collected in widely different localities, show a rather
surprising agreement in characteristics; and, if varying consid-
erably, it is within much narrower limits than when all the
forms occurring on oak are taken into consideration. Thus on
Quercus rubra the mycelium is confined to the upper surface of
the leaf, and the appendages are long, three or four times the
diameter, slender, and flexuous. The branches of the append-
ages are short, and regularly dichotomous. It was this form
that Cooke and Peck described as M. extensa; and if any of
them were worthy of a separate name it would be this one. On
Q. alba the fungus develops on the under side of the leaf al-
most as often as on the upper side; the perithecia average larger
than on Q. rubra; and the appendages are distinctly shorter
and more rigid, only once and a half or twice as long as the
diameter, while the branching is broader and more irregular,
frequently being exceedingly ornate. If these forms stood alone
we should be justified in giving them different names, but spec-
imens on Q. macrocarpa, Q. tinctoria, etc., present many inter-
mediate forms. On Q. imbricaria, nigra, and coccinea, especially
when occupying the lower side of the leaf, the appendages are
very short, often less than the diameter of the perithecium.
This form is M. abbreviata, Peck. Some of our specimens
agree perfectly with his description, but others show so many
intermediate stages between this and the forms with longer

426 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

appendages, that it is impossible to maintain specific distine-
tions. Other short-appendaged forms have been called M. ex-
tensa var. brevis by Peck; and Berkeley (Notices of N. A. Fungi)
has referred specimens on oak (probably of this character) to
M. penicillata, Lév. (M. alni, (DC.) Winter). In fact, except
that the spores are usually a little larger, it is almost impossi-
ble to distinguish some of our specimens on oak, from forms of
this latter species; and some specimens of M. alni on Corylus
show appendages so long as to resemble the form of M. extensa,
Peck. This all goes to show that the two species are very
nearly related, and that some forms of each approach the other
so closely as to make it difficult te draw the line between them.
In the aggregate, however, the forms on oak differ so widely
from those of M. alni, that they must be considered distinct.
Where the fungus occupies both sides of leaves that are woolly
or hairy beneath, as in Q. imbricaria, etc., there is often consid-
erable difference between perithecia from the upper and lower
sides; but where both sides of the leaf are smooth, as in Q. alba,
very little difference is noticeable.

M. densissima, (Schw.) Peck, cannot be distinguished
by its perithecia from the ordinary form on Q. rubra; but it
presents some peculiarities of the mycelium, which, if constant,
would entitle it to specific distinctness. It has not been found
in T]linois.

All the other observed forms on Quercus must be con-
sidered as forming one widely variable species, and it becomes
a question of some difficulty to decide under what name it
should be known. If it were merely a matter of preference,
the choice would easily be in favor of M. extensa, C. & P., both
from its appropriateness, and because it is so well known.
Schweinitz, however, (N. A. Fungi, p. 270) has described a
species on oak as follows:—

Erysiphe quercinum L. v.S., sero autumno non rara in foliis querci-
nis presertim Bannisteris, Pennsylvania. Hyphasma occupans fere
totum folium—expansum candicans, tenuissimum, floccis vix distinctis.

Sporangiolis raris, minutissimis, sparsis nigris, Presertim loco dis-
tinguenda species.

This description is not, perhaps, sufficient in itself to
enable us to determine positively what specimens he had in

Parasitic Fungi of Illinois. 427

hand, but it contains nothing to contradict the supposition
that they belonged to some of the many forms of the species
under consideration; and this is so abundant in all parts of the
country, that there can be no reasonable doubt that the above
supposition is correct.

Accepting this view of the case, priority demands the use of
the name given by Schweinitz, rather than the more familiar
one by Cooke and Peck; hence we write M. quercina and not
M. extensa.

M. elevata, Burrill.
(Bull. Ill. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. L, No. 1, p. 58.)

Mostly epiphyllous. Mycelium abundant, persistent, fre-
quently covering the leaves for some time before the appear-
ance of perithecia; perithecia usually few, occasionally abund-
ant, 100-120,, reticulations large, evident when young; append-
ages 6-12, sometimes more, 3-4 times as long as the diameter
of the perithecium, hyaline, slightly colored at base, smooth,
2-4 times dichotomous, branches short, not swollen, tips at first
truncate, divergent, becoming acute and recurved; asci 4-8,
ovate, about 33 by 604; spores 4-6, mostly 4.

M. elevata, n. sp. Upper sides of leaves of Catalpa bignonioides.
Mycelium thin, web-like, rather evanescent. Conceptacles .004 in.,
conspicuously reticulated, raised from the leaf; appendages about
twelve, colored at base, often simple, sometimes branched near the
base, usually 2 to 4 times dichotomously forked, very long; sporangia
four, oval, strongly rostrate.— Burrill, 1. c.

On Catalpa bignonioides: Jackson, Nov. 5, 2256; Union,
Oct. 2, 6537; Champaign, Oct. 17, 6571; Oct. 20, 6577. Ca-
talpa speciosa: Union, Sept. 15 (Earle).

This species sometimes involves the foliage of an entire
tree, giving it a gray color noticeable at some distance, and
causing the leaves to fall prematurely.

The appendages resemble those of M. vaccinii: but the
branches are not swollen and the tips are usually recurved.

t

Microspheera

Epiphyllous. Mycelium delicate, sub-persistent; perithecia
small, 80-100 », reticulations small, indistinct; appendages

428 Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

6-10, about equaling the diameter of the perithecium, hyaline,
delicate, three times dichotomous, branches widely divergent,
tips recurved; asci 4-6; spores 5-6, small, narrowly oblong.
On Scutellaria lateriflora: Jo Daviess, Sept. 20, 6035.
This may prove to be new. The material at hand is not
sufficient for definite determination, or for a full description.

Conidia-bearing mycelium has been collected on the
following hosts, not mentioned under any of the above species.
In the absence of perithecia it is of course impossible to
determine them.

On Rubus strigosus: Union, May and June (Harle);
Champaign (Burrill). The delicate mycelium is often quite
abundant on the leaves and growing fruit, making the berries
small and imperfect, or killing them outright.

On Epilobium pods: Jo Daviess, Sept. 15, 5902.

On Cacalia atriplicifolia: Rock Island, Sept. 23, 1634;
Stephenson, Sept. 14, 5864; Union, Oct. 31, 2139.

On Leptopoda brachypoda: Union (Earle).

On Cynoglossum Morisoni: Jackson, Apr. 19, 4194;
Union, Apr. 24, 4263; La Salle, June 16, 5215; Champaign
(Burrill).

On Solunum Carolinense: Union (Earle).

On grass: McLean, July 5 (Seymour); Champaign, com-
mou.

INDEX TO HOST PLANTS.

Acer saccharinum .............000+ 409 , Cynoglossum Morisoni........... 428
Actinomeris squarrosa .......... 405 | Desmodium..........ceeseccee
AXsculus es Canadense ........
AgriMODIA .......6.scscseeeeeeeeseees 400 cuspidatum .............0+
Agrimonia Eupatoria ...... ..... 400 paniculatum
Alnus serrulata........cceeeeceeees 398 | Epigeea repens.............
Ambrosia artemisifolie ........ 405 | Epilobium «0.0... eccseeseeseeee
TEUGE® aa scccssneectesveaaceeass 405 | Erechthites hieracifolia ......... 401
Evuonymus atropurpureuws...... 421
Eupatorium purpureun ........ 405
Euphorbia corollata............... 419
INSUOR: sevemverereneseccwendserevtexensien 405 hypericifolia
WOVIS. cayeacs deen wsenesvessseess 405 | Fagus ferruginea............ 412, 419
sagittifolius.............c0cee. 405 } Fraxinus ......... 0. cscscesee esses 411
Astragalus Canadensis......... Gaylussacia resinosa.........ss0 418
glycyphyllus ...............066 Geranium maculatum .......... 402
Betula nigra.....cccceessssesscesseees Gerardia grandiflora .............. 401
Bidens connata..........cceeee Gleditschia tricanthos............ 420
frondOsa ......cceccecseeeeeeeees
Birch. sasworecdeaccbenecacsesaes’ cpeceees
Brunella vulgaris
Cacalia atriplicifolia...............
Carya alba .....sccscceeeeseeereseneee decapetalus .........sccceeee 405
Catalpa bignonioides........ Tigidus ...........
SPECIOSA ....seereceecenseeeeeees tuberosus
Ceanothus Americanus ......... Hieracium Canadense ........... 405
Celastrus scandens ...........+0+ LOPS esses cageje-iedssnsocn'sbedootiaintarsg 395
Celtis ciccssvesesrseveneeassses avcaseees Hu mulus isesccsseaesceessinwes seateense 400
occidentalis ........-+....-.-.. 409 | Hydrophyllum Virginicum ... 406
Cephalanthus occidentalis...... 415 | Tlex decidua .........scccseee 411, 422
Cirsium discolor Juglans einerea........cccceceseeees 422
Clarkia ........c000000s MAP TB dcotieierwerssiena 422
Clematis ............ Labiater sesccraccasesnnseees sosaeseas 406
COmpOSitee.......s6see eeeeeeees Lathyrus 420, 421
COPY seccaescassinedta dceasdcsananconts palustris ..........ccceecceeeeeee 420
FOr asccsssjus sacs sseenesesccssee Leguminosee.......ccsssscccesereeees 403
COrylus.....sccseeeseseeeeee 392, 412, 426 | Leptopoda brachypoda........... 428
AMETICANA ........s000reeee 412, 422 | Lespedeza .c...sceesesessesceeeessees
Crateegus..ccs.cscsssseeseessssne eves 413 capitata
tomentosa var. pyrifolia hirta.. occ... we
AVA: ALB: |) VAG: socves seccniecsseedeovauer vd taser

430
Liriodendron 412
tulipifera 402, 411
Lonicera flava..ccccscsscssesceeees 421
Mespilus ......... 5 413
Nabalus .......... 401
Napeea dioica... 405
OGke i osdcaeceaatinvies 390, 424, 426
Géinothera biennis ................. 403
Oxalis stricta........csecessersecsee 416
Parietaria Pennsylvanica........ 406
PHASEO] WS: ccsscdisansvsssesseceaccesens
perennis .......
PHILOR wssssstecuiersnes

paniculata
Pisum sativum

Populus ....ceecceceesceeeenees
grandidentata ... ......... 410
heterophylla a
tremuloides ............ccceeee

Potentilla

Praia s: octs lect ovacusaneve
Americana
COLASUS vs ssaaniasnyavgsse es

QUELCUS: secesccacsiavenes weansoes 412, 426
alba.......- 424, 425, 426
COCCINEA......csseeesveeeee 411, 425
imbricaria ............... 425, 426
laurifolia .............c00scesenes 398
MACLOCATPA «2... eeeeeeee 411, 425
DIGTA- csiccnconesnerorsssoweneseas 425
obtusiloba.........cceeccseseee 424
PALUStLiS ....cecssccesceeseeees 412
PRINS) ccs cas iarcvianecoessenun weds 425
rubra......... 6 412, 424, 425, 426
tinctoria ..........0000. 411, 425
VINEN Svexcsveccnrsstesciseswavesevs 398

Ranunculacee.........scccseeeseeees 403

Ranunculus abortivus............ 402

Rhus copallina .........sssseeeee eee 399
Plabraivssesccess: sevssevevevssvere 399

RAD ES sicastcvessdasonsavaatiaiantecnes 399

Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

IRGSACER: soccicasis vidanieesoncnaiaciee 401
Rubus strigosus......seccseceecevees 428
Salix’ cei ccsioonsaveseasnsevsonceesienee
cordata .....
petiolaris
Sambucus .........eseeseeerceceeeees
Scutellaria lateriflora ...... 404, 428
PALVU a ssccesssesssaseieravers 404
Sempervivum ......0.ccceeeeseeee 423
Solanum Carolinense ............ 428
SO]idagO.......sseesecesecneeeeseeevenee
Canadensis ey
SOx DUS pcos ccaaweewersieeeaiaseeneeieas
Stachys sivcusecnneeservwecesiwes
palustris ....

StGV IA». sicrsswciniwisaocacdimniedenn daa
Sym phoricarpus.. ........ceseeceeee 417
vulgaris <

SYVINGA ses esersevesaninvesvarvanae erie,
vulgaris 2
Taraxacum dens-leonis........... 401
Teucrium Canadense ............ 404
Thalictrum purpurascens ...... 402
WIN WS: vsiceecorscseescvevensseimemness 412
alata wees . 408, 411
Americana ........ 408, 411, 422
CAMPESEFIS veces cseeseeee 408
VACCINIUM 2.0... .ecceeceeceeeceeeees 418
Pennsylvanicum.............. 418
WACUI AUS: cc. nensssnedidiomenens nse
Verbena ....ccccececcecescevesseenaes
angustifolia..........cc:ceeee
PracteOSa.........cesseeeeeeeeees
Hastatay .<.ceccsrseccieewas ese ese
stricta... sees
UMPECHON A seccssse eas aseniensicres
Vernonia fasciculata.............. 405
Veronica Virginica ............... 401
Viburnum occ ceeeceeeeseeeeees 422
prunifolium wo... cee 421
pubescens
Vicia Americana ............. 2... 420
WEIS) wsavcarcustianviaemvaweensacesds 407

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

(Synonyms in Italics.)
Alphitomorpha ...cccecescscesees 892, 898 | Hrysiphe.....cscessccseccsscsseseeerees
AMUNCE srseeee .. 410 AAUNCA «0.061000
ClANMESHNG .....ceesccreerecaseoes 412 QU iss sssssnsons ced stisxibenusdonsiee
COMMUNIS ..icecccescecccceseeeeee 402 ambrosiz.....
GEPPES8A os c.secsececenenseeneeeees 404 aquilegiz ....
guttata ...... aceatsaretesees 410, 411 AStETUM +100
HOrriduld..scee.ceseeee 402, 404 betulee wssessee
lamprocarpa.... CEANONA.....00006
PANNOSA o....000 communis .. ...
PENicrllata .....seeeee
tridactyla ..ccccsecseveee
Ampelomyces quisqualis.........0+ 390
ASCOMYCETES...-. cic cceseeees 390, 393
Byssocystis teatilis.......cseecceveseee 390
Calocladia ......seeeseconccsssessever 398
lamprocarpa, ......se+-008 404, 406 °
ie Mar tiivcceccccccccceseesscsces 402, 408
PlOPENUNUS ....cccecseeeecenereenes 390 :
COLEOSPORIUM.. .....cceseccnseescoee 400
EP YSBE sc caniniis sack evere sdsceeseettsed’ 398
AMUNC veecssececeeeceeserseeseees 410
CLAN CNA sesececensvecenesenes 413
COMMUNES. ....cseeveneenees 402, 404
GEPTESSA oa sssesssesseseeceveosees 404
GUEEALO.. .eseccaereeesceeee istasave 411 POPUlt sscsccssiewssvewarexeewsnveere 410
horridula ...cc.c005 .. 402, 404
LAMPOCArPA .....cccrseeeresereee 404 SOLOS) vicsnccavinrdseatenaresrivns 410
ODEUSAEC...ecconcsecoesesccser eens 410 BYP INGE as sss cesecsicaansieiwenedeel 421
NAG sesersivssteseavesiacdesevess 402 COMTNG sions cut cdwanancusertandeiees 408
PANNOS veeccscer severe Sivcaetaas 398 vaccinit 417, 418
PENicillata .....cseccereeseereeees 421 UAGONE.t..cerrernssnrnevee ccoeseee 411
tridactyla ......4. acennerenedase’s » 413 verbenz . 404

ErystPHe... 390, 392, 397, 398, 401
cichoracearum ... 391, 396, 404

406
communis ......... 402, 403, 414
galeopsidis ........0+500+ 391, 404
Hiriodendri .........s0.sceeseees 401

Tucker ........scecceeee sonia 391

viburni 421
ERYSIPHES..587, 390, 393, 394, 397,
398, 399, 414

EDRYSIPHELLA wccccsssccssecceceeeee 398
AGQTCLALD.....cccrseveveeeereeens 398
Eurotium rosarum ve 898

GASTEROMYCETES

4382
MrcrospuZRa..... 392, 397, 414, 427
alni...... 415, 421, 422, 423, 426
Astragali ....ccccccccscessercenes 419
densissima 426
Giffusa...... sce 414, 416, 420
elevata......0++ 415, 427 -
erineophila .... 415, 419
euphorbie ..... 414, 418
quercina ............ 415, 424, 427
Ravenelii..... 897, 415, 420, 421
Russellii 414, 415
semitosta 414, 415
symphoricarpi........... 414, 417
vaccinii........ 414, 417, 418, 427
ADDOTEVIALA ...essecceeeseeee 424, 425
CLEENSA... 02006 424, 425, 426, 427
VAL. DIEVIS v.csecesverseeves 426
Priesta: sevsasceesoues weve 421, 422
TL edwigity ...cccccccsseseseeccseoe 421
penicillata..... 420, 421, 422, 426
platani 421, 422
PULCHTO, wececerrerecereenseretere 421
Van Bruntiana 421, 422
VDUINE avesiccs zeaderiesnee 421, 422
Mucor erysiphe.. ..ccccecseescecseveeees 392

PERISPORIACER cceecesesesseeeeee OOS

PERONOSPORA ...cesccesereeteeseceees 395
fC Urcasss sien svewsnanacentunens tow 423
SEMPETVIVE .o.ccseccersreeeseeeees 423
VATICOLM vec idie se cneec ae sleoses sett 395

PHYLLACTINIA ...........892, 397, 411
GUUEALA oe erenceceeneeeeense 411, 412
suffulta .......... 396, 411, 414

PHYTOPHTHORA..+ scsssessecseeeeees 423
ODINIVOLA «......esecceeseeeoe eee 423

PLEOCH ATA w.eecccseceeeees ceeeeeeee 398

Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History.

PoDoSPHRA...... 388, 392, 397, 412
CLANAESINA ..cesssecoreecereeees 413
KUNG weecsewswerexassecnawsvses 413
MANO wsscccrvee-sesesseercccceseee 413
MYTUUNA,. ...ccccereccreererseees 413
oxyacanthe....... . 897, 412, 413
tridctylA ...ccecoescrecreeeseeees 413

PYRENOMYCETES ....csscsseesseetees BOD

SACCARDIA......scseeeeee 387, 890, 398
Ma rtiiacics <i css sein vutnwevnsnest¥e 398
QUEYCINA .......cecceeceeeeeeeees 398

Sclerotiom erysiphe.....cccseceees 392
SUPFULLUI. eases secevesenseneeeaes 411

SPHHEROTHECA...... 388, 392, 397, 398
Castagnei...... 389, 395, 399, 400
CAStagned .......crcevsscereraeees 400
hbumuili............. 400
mors-uve 899
PANNOSA ......sceeeee 387, 398, 399
PYUINOSA .....ceseeseeeeeeeseeeee 399

UNCINULA... 392, 397, 406
ACOTIS, sivcsisesusnsrseedaussnsdeess 409
GAAUNCO....cceeeeeeevers 408, 410, 411
AMETICANG ....cecesccreerecceee 406
am pelopsidis 396, 406
BivOnde ......cceesecesceessrenees 408
Circinata ........ cesses sceeee 408
HOXUOSA) weiss sinsceosewsiaweans ose 408
heliciformis........ .. 410, 411
Leuculent, ....cceeeccessseceverees 410
macrospora -. 407, 408
PALVULE: u55 sccccscsenvsersotagees 409
BOLIC Gs pes svsaseseceveacscvee 409, 410
SUDFUSCO ....cceceereesenenceneeees 406

UREDINED ceeseceeeces cossseeseeeeees 393