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Cornell University Library

THE GIFT OF

CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Cornell University

The original of this book is in
the Cornell University Library.

There are no known copyright restrictions in
the United States on the use of the text.

http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924072675410

MINNESOTA ALGAE
VOLUME I

THE MYXOPHYCEAE OF NORTH AMERICA AND ADJACENT REGIONS
INCLUDING CENTRAL AMERICA, GREENLAND, BERMUDA,
THE WEST INDIES AND HAWAII

JOSEPHINE TILDEN

Assistant Professor of Botany
University of Minnesota

REPORT OF THE SURVEY
BoTANICAL SERIES
VIII

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA
APRIL 1, 1910

A

PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE
BoarD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY
- FOR
THE PEOPLE OF MINNESOTA
EpITION 2,500 Copies

PREFACE

Although the recent appearance of the last volume of De Toni’s “Syl-
loge Algarum,” the “Myxophyceae,’ has removed some of the greatest
difficulties which confront the student of this branch of Algology, yet,
with the general literature concerning the blue-green algae in its present
state, he has a vexatious problem before him if he attempt to work to
any purpose in this group of plants. The original specific descriptions
with their accompanying notes and figures, are scattered far and wide,
many of them in foreign periodicals and rare works. In general these
cannot be obtained in more than a very few of the largest botanical libra4
ties. In the United States, at least, there is much need for a work in
English, suitable for use as a general hand-book, which shall contain de-
scriptions and illustrations of these plants. On the other hand, such a
work ought not to be written until a considerable amount of information
has been obtained from all parts of the country. An accurate treatise of
this sort should be prepared only as a result of general investigation car-
ried on by a large number of workers over the entire area to be covered,
at all seasons of the year. For instance, many species have so far been
reported from a single locality, which without doubt are growing in pro-
fusion in other parts of the country. Without question numerous new
epenies await discovery when the study of the group has become more gen-
eral.

It would seem then that two books need to be written, one as a cause
and one as a result of such investigation. If the present treatise proves
to be of use as a foundation or ground-work for the second volume, and
if it shall be the means of assisting those who are disposed to follow this
fascinating branch of microscopic study, the hopes of the author will be
realized. The work has been prepared with a view to answering the need
of such botanists as do not have access to the special libraries and of
others who have not unlimited time to devote to the looking up of litera-
ture. Special prominence has been given, in the arrangement of the text,
to two features. The student has constantly before him practically all
that is known relating to the geographical distribution and the recorded
history of each plant in American localities. To quote from Mr. G. S.
West, “One cannot emphasize too much the importance of a sound knowl-
edge of the geographical distribution of some of the more lowly types of
Cryptogams. . . . Such a knowledge, which can only be acquired by the
patient labors of the systematist, will throw much light on one of the
most interesting of all problems concerned with the later phases of the
earth’s history, namely, the land-connections of previous periods.” It is
very much hoped that this volume may encourage interest on the part of
general botanists, high school teachers, college students, physicians and
bacteriologists in these little plants which are of late coming to be con-
sidered of importance even outside of botanical circles.

In the present volume the author has brought together the specific
descriptions of all the blue-green algae so far known to exist in North
America and the adjacent regions (including the Arctic Regions, Alaska,
Greenland, Canada, Newfoundland, Labrador, the United States, Lower
California, Mexico, Central America, the Bermudas, the Bahamas, the West
Indies and the Hawaiian Islands). In addition there are figures illustrating
many of the species. The figures have been photographed from the original
and redrawn. A number of them are original with the author. An attempt
has been made to have the figures all drawn to the same scale which
may be an improvement over the ordinary method. Very simple keys are
furnished for the families, genera and species. The second paragraph of
each specific description contains the names in chronological order of a
number of articles and works referring to the species in question. It is

iv Minnesota Algae

believed that the plan of writing out in full the author’s name and the
title of his article will prove a great saving in time for the one who uses
the book. In the case of amateurs it will also serve to give in a short
time an intimate knowledge of the names of algologists and an idea of the
work already done in the group.

The descriptions in general follow those of Gomont, Bornet, Thuret
and Flahault. Constant reference has of course been made to Forti’s re-
cent volume. Wherever possible the original descriptions have been con-
sulted. Possibly a mistake has been made in not repeating the synonym
after each title. Instead each synonym has been inserted but once, follow-
ing the first article in which it occurs. The principal aim of the book,
however, is to encourage original investigatidm in the field among the
plants themselves. For a full list of synonyms, reference must be made
to De Toni’s “Myxophyceae.”

I wish to tender my best thanks to Dr. Frederic E. Clements for advice
and much kind assistance during the preparation and publication of this
volume which was undertaken at his request. To Miss Charlotte Waugh
I am much indebted for her painstaking work upon the pen and ink draw-
ing of the figures.

The author hopes that several persons in each state or section of the
country may decide to undertake a systematic and careful investigation
of the blue-green algae in their neighborhoods, and would be very glad
to enter into a correspondence with such workers.

JOSEPHINE E. TILDEN.

Kimberly Road, Epsom,
Auckland, New Zealand,
December 21, 1909.

MY XOPHYCEAE

(Cyanophyceae. Schizophyceae)
The Blue-Green Algae

Algae typically blue-green, the coloring matter being a mixture of
two pigments, chlorophyll and phycocyanin; pigments of other colors
sometimes present.

Plant body unicellular or multicellular, sometimes endowed with a
peculiar motion; plants existing usually in gelatinous masses, sometimes
solitary among other algae.

Reproduction always asexual, either by simple cell division in one, two
or three directions of space, or by means of hormogones (multicellular
fragments of the plant body, at first motile, afterwards coming to rest), or
by means of non-motile gonidia formed within gonidangia, or by means of
resting gonidia (formed from ordinary cells).

Habitat: Plants found in fresh, brackish or salt water, in hot springs,
in mineral springs, in aerial situations, or as endophytes.

Order I. Coccogoneae. Plants unicellular, single or associated in
families or colonies which are usually surrounded by a copious gelatinous
integument, rarely forming filaments; reproduction occurs commonly by
the vegetative division of cells, rarely by the formation of non-motile go-
nidia from the division of the contents of a gonidangium (mother cell).

Order II. Hormogoneae. Plants multicellular, filamentous, attached
to a substratum or free-floating; filaments simple or branched, usually
consisting of one or more rows of cells within a sheath; reproduction
occurs by means of hormogones or resting gonidia,

Order I. COCCOGONEAE

Family I. Chroococcaceae, Plants showing no difference between basal
and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or colonies;

2 Minnesota Algae

reproduction by vegetative division of cells in one, two or three directions
of space.

Family II. Chamaesiphonaceae. Plants often showing a difference be-
tween basal and apical regions, solitary or associated in families or col-
onies, usually epiphytic or attached to shells;. reproduction by means of
non-motile gonidia formed by the division of the contents of a mother cell
(gonidangium).

Family I. CHROOCOCCACEAE

1. Plants solitary or associated in small, indefinite families or colonies,
not surrounded by a common (colonial) gelatinous tegument.

1 Cells spherical; reprodtiction by cell division in three directions

Chroococcus
2 Cells spherical; reproduction by cel! division in one direction only
Synechocystis
3 Cells oblong, ellipsoidal or cylindrical; sheath wanting; reproduction
by cell division in one direction only Synechococcus
4 Cells cylindrical or oblong-conical; sheaths. thick, hyaline; reproduc-
tion by cell division in one direction only Chroothece

II. Plants associated in families or colonies, surrounded by a common
gelatinous tegument.

1 Colonies without definite shape
(1) Individual sheaths usually thick, remaining through many divi-
sions, sheath of original mother-cell surrounding entire colony
A Cells spherical
a Cells enclosed in a vesicle-like, thick, colorless or colored
sheath, spherical (after division oblong), single or in colonies;
cell contents blue-green, or of various colors

Gloeocapsa
b Cells surrounded by an elliptical membrane, forming colonies,
arranged in short filaments Entophysalis

c Cells surrounded by thick sheath, forming spherical colonial
masses; plant mass cushion-like, cartilaginous, incrusted with
lime at base, curled at periphery Chondrocystis

B Cells elongate
a Cells cylindrical-oblong, surrounded by a thick, mucous sheath,
solitary or forming small colonies Gloeothece
(2) Individual sheaths not distinct; colony surrounded by common
tegument formed of dissolved individual sheaths
A Cells spherical (or angular from mutual pressure); cell division
in all directions Aphanocapsa
B_ Cells oblong; cell division in one direction Aphanothece
2 Colonies having a definite characteristic shape
(1) Colonies free-floating

Myxophyceae 3

A Cells having an indefinite arrangement, forming several layers
a Cells spherical or oblong; colony spherical or oblong, solid

Microcystis
b Cells spherical; colonies of variable shape, at first solid, becom-
ing saccate and clathrate Clathrocystis
ce Cells pear-shaped or heart-shaped; colony spherical or ellip-
soid, solid Gomphosphaeria
B Cells having a definite arrangement, forming a single layer o1

cube
a Colonies spherical, hollow
(a) Cells spherical, lying just within the periphery of the colony
Coelosphaerium
(b) Cells spherical or elongate; individual sheaths distinct
Coelosphaeriopsis
b Colonies flat
“(a) Cells of some definite or symmetrical shape, quadrangular
or triangular, solitary or forming colonies
Tetrapedium
(b) Cells spherical; colonies rectangular Merismopedium
c Colonies cubical, solid; cells spherical or elliptical

: Eucapsis
(2) Colonies adherent to substratum

A Cells spherical or elongate, regularly arranged in radial rows;
colonies cushion-like, hard, leathery, verrucose

Oncobyrsa
B Cells spherical or oval, irregularly arranged in radial rows; col-
onies irregularly lobed, epiphytic Chlorogloea

Genus CHROOCOCCUS Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 45. 1840.

Plants either free-floating or forming a gelatinous or crust-like plant
mass in damp places, in fresh or salt water, or within the tissues of other
plants, occurring as spherical or angular cells, each surrounded by a more
or less definite sheath, solitary or united in twos, fours, eights, etc., but not
‘held together in definite colonies by a common gelatinous tegument; sheaths
thin or wide, homogeneous or lamellose, colorless or colored; cell contents
homogeneous or granular, usually of a blue-green color, sometimes violet,
olive-green, orange or yellowish; reproduction by successive division of the
cells alternately in three directions of space.

I Sheaths hyaline, often lamellose; cell contents orange or yellowish.
1 Cells less than 3 mic. in diameter C. rubrapunctus
2 Cells more than 15 mic. in diameter
(1) Plant mass yellowish green; cells 25-50 mic. in diameter
C. macrococcus
; (2) Plant mass orange-colored; cells 19-34 mic. in diameter
: C. turicensis

- dh

ese an

4 Minnesota Algae

II Sheaths hyaline, yellowish or brownish, often lamellose; cell contents
blue-green, rarely olive-brown, reddish-green, brownish-violet or copper-red.

1 Cells not embedded in a gelatinous mass, mostly solitary among other
algae
(1) Sheaths thick, distinctly lamellose; cell contents blue-green

A Sheaths colorless; cells 13-25 mic. in diameter
C. turgidus

B Sheaths yellowish or brownish; cells 5.8-11 mic. in diameter
C. schizodermaticus

(2) Sheaths not lamellose
A Cells 5-7 mic. in diameter C. minutus

B Cells 1.7 mic. in diameter C. multicoloratus

C Growing in hot water; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter
C. thermophilus

2 Cells embedded in a gelatinous mass, not free-floating
(1) Sheaths lamellose
A Sheaths slightly lamellose; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter
C. varius

B_ Sheaths lamellose, finally irregularly peeling off; plants 6-11 mic.
in diameter C. decorticans

(2) Sheaths not lamellose, sometimes scarcely visible
A Plants 5 mic. in diameter, mostly subquadrate, often triangular,
rarely multiangular; sheaths scarcely perceptible
C. refractus

B Plants 4-7.5, rarely 9 mic., in diameter, spherical
C. helveticus

C Plant mass pale yellowish; sheaths oblong-elliptical; cells 7.5-13
mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green, yellowish or orange
C. pallidus
D_ Plant mass green, later becoming black; sheaths distinct, ellipsoid;
cells 2.7-6.6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green
C. cohaerens

E Plant mass blue-green or olive; sheaths scarcely visible; plants 3-4
mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green C. minor

F Plant mass lead-colored or green becoming black; sheaths thick,
mucous; plants 3-8 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green
C. membraninus
3 Cells embedded in a gelatinous, free-floating mass
(1) Plants 8-13 mic. in diameter, much crowded; cell contents green
or blue-green C. limneticus
(2) Plants 13 mic. in diameter, usually in groups of two; groups lying
apart from each other; cell contents grayish-purple
C. purpureus

Myxophyceae 5

1. Chroococcus rubrapunctus Wolle. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 181. 1877. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:8. 1907.

Plants 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in masses, aquatic;

sheaths thin, gelatinous; cell contents homogeneous, yellowish-orange, sur-
rounding a large orange-red area.

Pennsylvania. Not infrequent on boarded sides of basins and old tim-
bers. (Wolle).

2. Chroococcus macrococcus (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Flora Europaea Al-
garum. 2: 33. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 8. 1907.
Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex -Insulis Sand-

censibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Lemmermann. Algenfl.
Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905.
Plate I. fig. 1.

Plant mass more or less extensive, mucous, somewhat thick, yellowish-
green; plants 30-80 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in pairs or fours;
sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless, later irregularly peeling off; cells 25-50
mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous, yellowish, orange or dark-
colored.

Greenland. (Boergesen). Hawaii. In stagnant water, Volcano Mauna
Kea. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).

3. Chroococcus turicensis (Naegeli) Hansgirg. Prodr. Algenfl. Bohman.
2: 160. f. 58b. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:9. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 2.

Plant mass gelatinous, smooth, orange-colored; plants spherical, single
or in pairs or. fours; sheaths moderately thick; cells 19-34 mic. in diameter;
cell contents finely granular, orange-colored, rarely blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen).

4, Chroococcus turgidus (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 11. 1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvi-
censibus. 3. 1878. Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedi-
tion. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 9. 1880. Farlow. Marine Algae New Eng-
land, 27. 1881. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 334. pl. 210. f. 40, 41. 1887.
Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket.
4. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 116. 1888. Wolle and Martin-
dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv.
N. J. 2:612. 1889. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast
and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889.
Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of Algae collected in the neighborhood of
Toronto. Proceedings of Canadian Institute. III. 7: 270. 1890. Anderson.
List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 217. 1891. Col-
lins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine.
249. 1894. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West
Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyan-

6 Minnesota Algae

ophyceae. III. Erythea 7:54. 1890. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 751. 1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New Eng-
land Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 396. 1901. Setchell and Gard-
ner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 179. 1903.
Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Lemmermann. Al-
genfl, Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905.

Plate I. fig. 3.

Plants spherical, oblong-ellipsoid or more or less angular from com-
pression, single or associated in families of two, four, rarely eight; sheaths
thick, usually lamellose, hyaline; cells 13-25, rarely 40 mic. in diameter;
cell wall thin; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green, later becoming
brownish and granular.

Arctic regions. Among Nostoc. Shores of Discovery Bay. (Dickie).
Alaska, Distributed through a mass of Microcystis marginata
which formed a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff over which water was
trickling. Juneau. (Saunders): Among other algae in pools of fresh water
er on dripping rocks. Glacier Valley. Unalaska. (Lawson). Canada. High
Park. Toronto, Ontario. (Mackenzie). Maine. Common among various al-
gae in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle. (Collins). Massachusetts. On
slimy rocks and piers. Cape Ann. (Davis). On woodwork near high water
mark. Everett. Medford. (Collins), On woodwork. County of Nantucket.
(Collins). Connecticut. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett).
New York. Pier. Stapleton, Staten Island; on rocks in brook near Silver

Lake, spring and summer. (Pike). New Jersey. Terrestrial. On moist
rocks. Frequent. (Wolle). Ohio. Brush Lake. Champaign County. Fall
of 1902.. (Riddle). Washington. In brackish water. Whidbey Island.

(Gardner). California. On slimy rocks and cliffs at high water. (Ander-
son). In fresh, brackish and even in somewhat alkaline waters. (Setchell).
West Indies. Among various algae. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
Hawaii. In stagnant water. Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).

Var. fuscescens (Kuetz.) De Toni. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem
Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 13.
1907.

Cell contents becoming dark-colored.

Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhdffen).

5. Chroococcus schizodermaticus West. Algae of English Lake District.
Journ. Roy. Mic. Soc. 742. pl. 10. f. 61, 63. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:13. 1907.
West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. pl. 16. f. 19. 1895.
Flate I. fig. 4.

Plants 21-42 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose or triangular, some-

Myxophyceae 7

times kidney-shaped associated in colonies of two, three or four; colonies
solitary or in small groups; sheaths very thick, straw-colored or dark-col-
ored, strongly lamellose, (lamellae 5-10), finally irregularly peeling off;
cells 5.8-11 mic. in diameter; cell wall somewhat thick; cell contents gran-
ular, blue-green.

West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River. St. Vincent. (El-
liott). ;

6. Chroococcus minutus (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:14. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 951. 1902.
Plants 6-9 mic. in diameter, 10-13 mic. in length, spherical or oblong,
more or less angular, usually united in twos; sheaths somewhat orbicular,
hyaline, distinct; cells 5-7 mic. in diameter, 9-10 mic. long; cell contents
homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.

Maine. Growing in high pool. Cape Rosier. July 1898. (Collins).

7. Chroococcus multicoloratus Wood. Fresh-Water Algae North America.
i. pl. 5. f. 6. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 11. 1907.

Plate J. fig. 5.

In a mucous mass with other algae; plants 3 mic. in diameter, spherical
and single, or angular, semi-spherical or irregular and associated in oblong
families of from two to four (rarely eight); sheaths thick, hyaline, not lamel-
lose; cells 1.7 mic. in diameter; cell contents mostly homogeneous, some-
times minutely granular, yellowish-green, bluish-green, yellowish, brownish,
blackish, sometimes tinged with bright lake.

Pennsylvania. On wet rocks. Near Philadelphia. (Wood).

8. Chroococcus thermophilus Wood. Am. Journ. Sci. Arts. 122. 1869;
Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 12, 1872, De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 10. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 335. 1887.

Plants subglobose or oblong, angular, single or in twos or fours, associ-
ated in families; sheaths very thick, transparent, not lamellose, homogene-
ous; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents sometimes minutely granular,
sometimes homogeneous, greenish.

California. In Nostoc colonies. In hot springs (100°-120°F.) Benton’s
Spring. Owen’s Valley, sixty miles southwest from the town of Aurora.
(Partz).

9. Chroccoccus varius A. Braun in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas.
no. 246, 248, 2456. 1861-78. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:21. 1907.

Tilden, American Algae. Century II. no. 198. 1896; Observations on
some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 104. pl. 8. f. 21. 1898; Am.
Alg. Cent. VI. no. 600. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1202. 1905.

Plant mass gelatinous-mucous, dull brown or olive green; plants 4-8 mic.
in diameter, globose, single or in twos or fours, rarely forming larger fam-

8 Minnesota Algae

ilies which occur as shapeless bunches; sheaths of medium thickness, hya-
line, very slightly lamellose, often pale yellow or orange in color, almost
opaque; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale bluish gray or bluish
green, sometimes yellowish,

Massachusetts. On walls of greenhouse. Botanic Garden. Cambridge.
January 1899. (Collins). Montana. In hot springs. Lo Lo Hot Springs.
Lo Lo. September 1808. (Griffiths). Wyoming. On rocks near vent of
geyser. Sometimes heated. Norris Geyser Basin. June 1896. In overflow
from spring, temperature 41° C. Frying Pan Basin, July 1806. Yellowstone
National Park. (Tilden). Forming a green coating on floor of overflow
channel. Temperature 49° C. Constant Geyser, Norris Geyser Basin; in
acid waters, Green Spring, between Norris Geyser Basin and Beaver Lake.
Yellowstone National Park. 1897. (Weed).

Dr. Setchell is undoubtedly right in placing the Yellowstone specimens
in the genus Pleurocapsa. (See P. caldaria.)

10. Chroococcus decorticans A. Braun. Betracht. ueber die Erschein. Ver-
jung. in der Natur. 194. 1851. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 18. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 181. 1877.

Plants 6-11 mic. in diameter, single or associated in families of two or
four; sheaths distinct, lamellose, finally irregularly peeling off; cell wall
solid, colorless; cell contents blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Submerged timbers. (Wolle).

11. Chroococcus refractus Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 11. pl. 5. f. 5. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:20. 1907.
Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 10.
7908.

Plants 5 mic. in diameter, mostly subquadrate, very often triangular,
rarely multiangular, closely associated in solid families; families often lobed;
sheaths thin, scarcely perceptible, transparent; cell contents finely granular,
brownish, olive-green, or yellowish, highly refractive.

Pennsylvania. Growing abundantly on wet rocks along the Reading
Railroad between Manayunk and the Flat Rock tunnel. (Wood). Iowa.
Ames. 1884. (Bessey).

12, Chroococcus helveticus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. pl. 1. 1849. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5:17. 1907.

Lagerheim. Ueber einige Algen aus Cuba, Jamaica und Puerto-Rico.
Bot. Notiser. 199. 1887.

Plants 4-7.5 mic., rarely 9 mic. in diameter, spherical, associated in fam-
ilies of two, four or eight; sheaths spherical, gelatinous, scarcely visible;
cell wall very thin, colorless; cell contents homogeneous or somewhat gran-
ular, blue-green or greenish, pale or yellowish in color.

West Indies. On Utricularia in stagnant water. Near Fajardo.
Porto Rico. April 1885. (Sintenis).

Myxophyceae 9

13. Chroococcus pallidus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. pl. 1. f. 2. 1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:19. 1907.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull.
for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Plant mass mucilaginous, pale yellowish; plants 7.5-13 mic. in diameter,
globose, single or in families of two, four or eight; sheaths oblong-elliptical,
colorless; cells 6-11 mic. in diameter; cell walls somewhat thick, homogene-
ous, hyaline; cell contents finely granular, greenish, yellowish or orange,
rarely bluish or blue-green.

Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. Summers of 1898, 1899, 1900. (Snow).

14. Chroococcus cohaerens (Brébisson) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46. 1849.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:21. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 335. pl. 210. f. 42. 1887. Webber.
The Fresh-Water Algae of the Piains. Am. Nat. 23: 1011. 1889. Saunders.
Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pl. 1. f. 1. 1894. West
and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 15. no. 701. 1900. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late
Isaac Holden,—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905.

Plant mass green, or later becoming greenish black, gelatinous; sheaths
distinct, hyaline, ellipsoid; cells 2.7-6.6 mic. in diameter, globose or oblong,
in twos or fours forming colonies 7-15 mic. in diameter; cell wall thin; cell
contents homogeneous or slightly granular, of a turbid, blue-green color.

United States. On damp walls, rocks, etc. (Wolle). Maine. On
shaded cliffs. Eagle Island. Penobscot Bay. July 1892. (Collins). Con-
necticut. Among other algae, on abutment of Factory Pond dam. Decem-
ber. (Holden). Nebraska. Stagnant water. Thedford. (Webber, Saun-
ders). West Indies. Amongst other algae on trees. Summit of Trois
Pitons (4500 ft.). Dominica. November and December, 1892. (Elliott).

i5. Chroococcus minor (Kuetzing) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 47. pl. 1 A. f.
4. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 23. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 275. 1895. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Addi-

tions to the reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5:12. 1901.

Plate I. fig. 7
Plant mass mucous-gelatinous, dull blue-green or olive green;
4-4 mic. in diameter, rotund, single or in pairs, angular; sheaths mucous,
scarcely visible; cell walls very thin, hyaline; cell contents homogeneous,
usually pale bluish-green.

Nebraska. In aquarium. Lincoln. (Bessey). West Indies..On damp
wall of dam. Sharp’s River. St. Vincent; on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons
(4500 ft.). Dominica. (Elliott).

Forma minima W. and G. S. West. loc. cit. 275. pl. 16. f. 18. 1895.

Cells 1-1.9 mic. in diameter; families 10-23 mic. in diameter.

10 Minnesota Algae

West Indies. With the type from the above-named localities. On lime
trees. Shanford Estate. Dominica. (Elliott).

16. Chroococcus membraninus (Meneghini) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 46.
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 23. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1201. 1905.

Plant mass somewhat membranaceous, mucous, lead-colored to green,
becoming blackish; plants 3-8 mic. in diameter, globose or subglobose, sin-
gle, or associated in families of twos or fours; families 8-26 mic. in diameter;
sheaths thick, mucous, hyaline; cell walls thick, colorless; cell contents
minutely granular, blue or blue-green.

California. Forming a zone, yellowish red just above, and blue-green
just below, the edge of the water, very low, in “The Lagoon,” Niles, Ala-
meda County. November 1898. (Setchell).

17. Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der
Planktonalgen. Bot. Centralb. 76: 153. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5:16. 1907.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull.
for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Plate I. fig. 8.

Plant mass floating free; tegument wide; plants 8-13 mic. in diameter,
much crowded, before division globose, after division hemispherical: sheaths
hyaline, distinct, lamellose; cell contents greenish or pale blue-green.

Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. Summers of 1898, 1899, 1900. (Snow).

18. Chroococcus purpureus Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie.
U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902. 22: 388. 390. 1903.

Plate I. fig. 9.

Plant mass gelatinous, floating free; tegument wide; plants 13 mic. in
diameter, spherical, or just before division elongated, usually arranged two
by two in colonies of four or eight; sheaths thin; cell contents grayish-pur-
ple, changing to brown under unfavorable conditions.

Ohio. Common in the plankton of Lake Erie. Put-in-Bay. (Snow).

Genus SYNECHOCYSTIS Sauvageau.
Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 39: cxv. 1892.

Plants always globose; sheaths none; cell walls thin not diffluent; cell
contents blue-green; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction
only.

19. Synechocystis aquatilis Sauvageau. Sur les Algues d’eau douce récol-
tées en Algérie pendant la session de la Société Botanique en 1802.
Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 39: cxvi. pl. 6. f. 2. 1892. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5:26. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1206. 1905.

Myxophyceae II

Plate I. fig. to.

Submerged; plants 5-6 mic. in diameter, single or in pairs; cell walls
hyaline, very thin; cell contents pale blue-green.

California. On the outside of a dripping water tank. Berkeley. April
1904. (Gardner).

Genus SYNECHOCOCCUS Naegeli.
Gatt. Einz, Alg. 56. pl. 1. 1849.

Plants oblong, cylindrical or ellipsoidal, usually single, occasionally
forming families of two or four united in a row or chain; sheaths none;
cell walls thin; cell contents blue-green, sometimes yellowish, pinkish or
pale orange; reproduction by division of the cells in one direction only.

I Cell contents blue-green.
I Cells 7-15 mic. in diameter, 14-26 mic. in length §S. aeruginosus
2 Cells 2 mic. in diameter, 4-6 mic. in length S. racemosus
3 Growing in hot salt water; cells 3 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. in length
S. curtus

20. Synechococcus aeruginosus Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 56. pl. 1 E. f. 1.
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:27. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the. White Mountains.
Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. II. no. 195. 1896; On
some Algal Stalactites of the Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24:
198. pl. 8. f. 6. 1897, Observations on some West American Thermal Al-
gae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. 1808. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6:
230. 1904.

Plate I. fig. 11.

Plants 7-15 mic. in diameter, 14-26 mic. in length, oblong or somewhat
cylindrical, obtusely rotund at both ends, single or in pairs; cell contents
homogeneous, light or pale blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen). New Hampshire. Moist rocks at the
Flume. Lake Willoughby. (Farlow). Wyoming. One of the three
species of Blue-green algae which formed algal “stalactites.” Growing in
a small cave made by the cone of a geyser. Valley of the Nez Perces
Creek. Lower Geyser Basin. Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Til-
den).

21. Synechococcus racemosus Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 8:37. 1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 28. 1907.

Plant mass amorphous, blue-green; plants 2 mic. in diameter, two to
four times longer than broad, oblong-cylindrical, with rounded ends, often
showing a regular vertical arrangement, densely aggregated; cell contents
homogeneous, pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Glass sides of aquarium. Bethlehem. (Wolle).

22, Synechococcus curtus Setchell in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1351. 1907.

12 Minnesota Algae

Plants 3 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. long just before dividing, slightly
elongated, single or united by strands of transparent jelly; cell walls very
thin, scarcely visible; cell contents pale bluish-green.

California. Floating in myriads in hot salt water, near Key Route
power house. Oakland. September 1905. (Gardner).

Genus CHROOTHECE Hansgirg.
Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 34: pl. 1. 1884.

Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, dark-yellowish; plants cylindrical or
oblong-conical, with rotund ends, single or in pairs; sheaths wide, lamellose,
hyaline, increasing greatly in thickness at one pole; cell contents distinctly
granular, bright blue-green or orange-yellow; reproduction by division of
the cells in one direction only.

I Plants 18-24 mic. in diameter C. richteriana
Il Plants 1.5 mic. in diameter C. cryptarum
III Plants 11-12.5 mic. in diameter C. monococca

23. Chroothece richteriana Hansgirg. Bot. Notiser. 128. 1884; Prodromus
der Algenflora von Bohmen. 2: 134. f. 45. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5:29. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 702. 1900.
Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. Igo!.

Plate I. fig. 12.

Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, thick, more or less expanded, blue-
green or yellowish, becoming darker; plants 18-24 mic. in diameter, once to
twice as long as wide, single or in pairs; sheaths up to 6 mic. in diameter,
somewhat colorless.

Bermudas. On rocks. The Flats. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow).
West Indies. Among other algae, in small quantity. Montego Bay. (Pease
and Butler).

24. Chroothece ? cryptarum Farlow in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 752. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 30. 1907.

Plant mass irregular, gelatinous, widely expanded, of a pale blue-green
or dirty yellow color; plants 1.5 mic. in diameter, 3 mic. in length, oblong
or rod-shaped; sheaths gelatinous, colorless, becoming lamellate and devel-
cping below into densely branching Urococcus-like stalks, 7-9 mic. in
diameter, 25-50 mic. in length; cell contents blue-green, without definitely
shaped chromatophore; cell division usually in one, occasionally in two
directions.

Bermudas. On calcareous rocks in caves by the seashore. Bermuda.
January 1900. (Farlow).

25. Chroothece monococca (Kuetzing) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algen-
flora von Béhmen. 2: 134. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:30. 1907.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, blue-green; families 15-20 mic. in

diameter; plants 11-12.5 mic. in diameter, up to twice as long as broad, ellip-

Myxophyceae 13

soid or oblong, obtusely rounded on both ends, single or in pairs; cells
4-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green.

Var. mellea (Kuetz.) Hansgirg. loc. cit. 135. 1892. De Toni. loc. cit. 31.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.
(Gloeocapsa mellea Kuetz.).

Cell contents yellowish-red or yellowish-brown.
Colorado. (Wolle).

Genus °GLOEOCAPSA Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 174. 1843.

Plants spherical (or immediately after division oblong), either single
or a number associated in families; each cell enclosed in a vesicle-like.
strongly thickened, usually distinctly lamellose sheath; sheaths often very
thick, colorless or colored, usually lamellose; lamellae often peeling off;
cell contents blue-green, bluish, steel-blue, reddish, yellowish, etc.; repro-
duction by division of .the cells alternately in three directions.

When a cell divides into two daughter-cells, each one secretes a sheath
about itself, the two still being enclosed by the sheath of the mother-cell.
As division goes on, the sheath of the original cell remains enveloping the
entire family, and in fact all the sheaths remain in existence. Therefore,
there will always be one less than twice as many sheaths as there are
cells in the family (in a family of four cells there will be seven sheaths; in
a family of sixteen cells there will be thirty-one sheaths). Later genera-
tions of cells are smaller than the first ones.

I Sheaths colorless
1 Sheaths lamellose
(1) Sheaths wide
A Plant mass steel blue, green, olive or dull yellow; plants 7-8 mic.
in diameter; sheaths very wide, indistinctly lamellose; cells 3-5
mic. in diameter G. granosa
B Plant mass dull green or olive; plants 3-4.5 mic. in diameter;
sheaths very thick, with numerous concentric lamellae
G. polydermatica

C Plant mass green; plants 7-15 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick,
more or less distinctly lamellose; cells 2.2-3.4 mic. in diameter
G. fenestralis

D Plant mass somewhat olivaceous; plants 6-17 mic. in diameter;
sheaths thick; cells 3.7-6 mic. in diameter G. arenaria

(2) Sheaths narrow
A Plant mass pale yellow becoming greenish; growing in hot water;
plants 19-39 mic. in diameter; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter
G. montana

B Plant mass mucilaginous, dull green or gray becoming blackish,
or red becoming brownish; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter; cells
3-4.5 mic. in diameter G. quaternata

C Plant mass a calcareous crust, light gray or green; plants 6-9 mic.
in diameter G. calcarea

14 Minnesota Algae

D Plant mass gelatinous, brownish, growing on Zostera; sheaths
numerous, distinct; cells 9-11 mic. in diameter, 19-26 mic. in
length G. zostericola

2 Sheaths sometimes lamellose
(1) Plant mass blue-green or greenish; sheaths not distinctly lamellose
A Free-floating; cells .75-2.8 mic. in diameter G. punctata

B On wet rocks; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter; cells 2-3 mic. in
diameter G. aeruginosa
(2) Plant mass olive or green; plants 6.2-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths
narrow, lamellose when old; cells 2.5 mic. in diameter
G. gelatinosa
(3) Plant mass dull olive; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick,
not at all or scarcely lamellose; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter
G. conglomerata

3 Sheaths not lamellose
(1) Plant mass flesh-colored to yellowish; plants 2.5-5.5 mic. in diam-
eter; cell contents flesh-colored to honey-colored
G. mellea
(2) Plant mass black; plants 9-14 mic. in diameter; cells 3.5-4.5 mic.
in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green G. atrata

II Sheaths yellowish or brownish
1 Sheaths lamellose :
(1) Plant mass dull olive to brownish-green; sheaths colorless or yel-

lowish G. muralis
(2) Plant mass grayish-brown to black; sheaths very thick, yellowish
or orange, becoming darker C. rupestris

2 Sheaths sometimes lamellose
(1) Plants 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths usually not lamellose; cells
1.5-2 mic. in diameter G. fusco-lutea

(2) Plants 12 mic. in diameter; sheaths homogeneous or lamellose;
cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter G. sparsa

(3) Colonies subglobose; sheaths somewhat lamellose; cells 9-15 mic.
in diameter G. gigas
3 Sheaths not lamellose; plant mass olive-green; plants 5-8 mic. in
diameter G. crepidinum

III Sheaths violet, purple or red.
1 Sheaths lamellose
(1) Plant mass purple, sometimes becoming black
A Sheaths deep purple or copper-brown; plants 6-12 mic. in diameter
G. magma
B_ Sheaths violet or reddish-purple; plants 7.5-12 mic. in diameter;
cells 2-4.5 mic. in diameter G. janthina

Myxophyceae ES

C Sheaths very thick, opaque, intensely lamellose; plants 10-17 mic.
in diameter; cells 4-7 mic. in diameter G. ralfsiana

2 Sheaths sometimes lamellose; plant mass colorless or dark purple,
growing in hot water; plants 6-7.8 mic. in diameter; cells 1-2.6 mic.
in diameter G. thermalis

3 Sheaths not lamellose

(1) Plant mass violet becoming gray or black
A Plants 4-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths violet, thick, often opaque;
cells 1.8-2.5 mic. in diameter G. ambigua

B Plants 10-17 mic. in diameter; sheaths violet or rose-colored;
cells 3.5 mic. in diameter G. violacea

(2) Plant mass reddish-orange, dark red or black
A Plants 11-24 mic. in diameter; sheaths very thick, soon peeling
off G. dubia

B_ Sheaths intensely blood-red, very wide; cells 3.5-9 mic. in diameter
G. sanguinea

26. Gloeocapsa granosa (Berkeley) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 36. f. VIII.
1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 53. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:182. 1877.
(Gloeothece granosa Rabenh.).

Plate I. fig. 13.

Plant mass compact, gelatinous, somewhat cartilaginous, granular,
steel blue, green, olive, or dull yellow, more or less spreading; plants 7-8
mic. in diameter, globose or oblong, usually two or four in families 18-60
mic. in diameter; sheaths very wide, many times exceeding the lumen of the
cell, indistinctly lamellose, colorless or nearly so; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter;
cell contents homogeneous or granular, pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Wet rocks. (Wolle).

27. Gloeocapsa polydermatica Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 20. 1845-1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:51. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pl. 210. f. 29-31. 1887. Collins.
Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver
Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts.
126. 1896. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 179. 1903.

Plate I. fig. 14.

Plant mass gelatinous, more or less compact, dull green or dusky olive;
plants 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths very thick, hyaline, lamel-
lose, with numerous concentric firm lamellae; cell contents somewhat
homogeneous, blue-green or green.

Alaska. On dripping rocks. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and
Lawson). Massachusetts. On dripping rocks. Cascade, Middlesex Fells.

16 Minnesota Algae

(Collins). Pennsylvania. (Wolle). Hawaii. Volcano Mauna Kea,
Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).

28. Gloeocapsa fenestralis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 173. 1843. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5:53. 1907.
Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for
1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Plate I. fig. 15.

Plant mass thin, mucous, expanded, irregular, green; plants 7-15 mic.
in diameter, spherical or oblong, associated in families 16-48 mic. in diam-
eter; sheaths very thick, colorless, more or less distinctly lamellose, often
quickly peeling off; cells 2.2-3.4 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous
or granular, pale blue-green. :

Ohio. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).

29. Gloeocapsa arenaria (Hassall) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 39. 1865.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 54. 1907.

West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 27: 207. 1889.
Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebras-
ka. 2: 46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska.
16. pl. 1. f. 3. 1894. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 14:9. 1909.

Plate I. fig. 16.

Plant mass mucous, adherent, olivaceous; plants 6-17 mic. in diameter,
spherical, associated in families up to 43 mic. in diameter; sheaths oblong
or somewhat spherical, thick, colorless, lamellose,; soon peeling off; cells
3-7-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents distinctly granular, blue-green or green,
becoming darker.

Maine. (West). Minnesota. Near Minneapolis. (Lilley). Iowa.
Abundant on flower pots in greenhouse. Ames. 1904. (Buchanan). Forming
thin blue-green coating on damp stones. Grinnell. 1905. (Fink). Nebras-

*ka. On flower pots in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Saunders).

30. Gloeocapsa montana Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 173. no. 1. 1843. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 51. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 197. 18906. (Gl. montana cal-
darii Sur.).

Plate I. fig. 17.

Plant mass amorphous, somewhat thick, mucous, pale yellow, becoming
greenish; plants 19-39 mic. in diameter, spherical or somewhat spherical,
usually solitary; sheaths lamellose, colorless, sometimes peeling off; cells
3-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents somewhat opaque, homogeneous, or
slightly granular, pale blue-green.

Wyoming. In warm overflow water. Lower Geyser Basin, Yellow-
stone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).

Myxophyceae 17

31. Gloeocapsa quarternata (Brébisson) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 20. f. 1.
1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:52. 1907.

Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 499. 1901; Collection of Algae from
the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. IQOT;
Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the
Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 168. 1902.

Plate I. fig. 18.

Plant mass mucous, gelatinous, more or less spread out, dull, green
becoming blackish, or red becoming brownish; plants 7-11 mic. in diameter,
usually spherical, solitary or in twos or fours; sheaths narrow, lamellose,
colorless, rotund or oblong; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents homo-
geneous or slightly granular, blue-green or greenish.

West Indies. Roadside. Bath. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).
Hawaii. Forming a gray-green, mucilaginous coating, on wet cliffs, South
of Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

32. Gloeocapsa calcarea Tilden. List of fresh-water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 29. 1808.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:40. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 299. 1898.

Plant mass forming a calcareous crust, light gray to light blue-green in
color, 2-3 mm. in thickness; plants 6-9 mic. in diameter; families 25-50 mic.
in diameter, composed of from 4-16 plants; sheaths colorless, somewhat
thin; cell contents granular, blue-green.

Wisconsin. Forming a calcareous crust (with other lime-secreting forms)
on boards where spring water from trough drips down constantly. Osceola.
September 1897. (Tilden).

33. Gloeocapsa zostericola Farlow. Notes on New England Algae. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 68. 1882. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:57. 1907.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, brownish; families 40-100 mic. in
diameter; sheaths numerous, distinct (lamellose?); cells 9-11 mic. in diam-
eter, 19-26 mic. in length, flattened-hemisperical, concave on the inner sur-
face, in families of twos or fours.

Massachusetts. On Zostera mixed with Calothrix. Wood's Hole.
August 1881. (Farlow).

34. Gloeocapsa punctata Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 51. pl. I F. f. 6. 1849.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie, etc. U.S. Fish Comm. Bull.
for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Plant mass mucous, blue-green or gray; families 23 mic. wide, contain-
ing 2-16 plants; sheaths thick, not distinctly lamellose; inner lamellae difflu-
ent; cells .75-2.8 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents homogeneous,
pale blue-green.

Ohio. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow.)

18 Minnesota Algae

35. Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (Carmichael) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 21. f.
2. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 55. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 109.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pl. 210. f. 27, 28. 1887. Moebius. Ueber ein-
ige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 248.
1888.

Plant mass crustaceous, grumose or cartilaginous-mucous, blue-green
or gray-green; families 16-50 mic. in diameter; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter,
spherical; sheaths thick, colorless, indistinctly lamellose; outer lamellae
often sinuate, angular; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogene-
ous, blue-green.

Greenland. (Borgesen). New York. Niagara. (Wolle). West
Indies. Forming a dark green layer on stone in cave. “El Convento”, near
Penuelas, Porto Rico. (Sintenis). Porto Rico. (Benecke).

36. Gloeocapsa gelatinosa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 174. 1843. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5:54. 1907.
Plate I. fig. 20.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877.
West and West. A further contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the
West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 289. 1898-1900.

Plant mass lubricous, bullose, olive or green, inundated; plants 6.2-10
mic. in diameter, globose-oblong, associated in families about 25 mic. in
diameter; sheaths rather narrow, colorless, lamellose when old; lamellae
permanent; cells 2.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents homogeneous, blue-
green.

United States. (Wolle). West Indies. On banks. Morne Micotrin,
Dominica. (Elliott).

37. Gloeocapsa conglomerata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 16. pl. 20. f. 8. 1845-
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:56. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 21.

Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat granular, expanded, dull olive-green;
plants 7-11 mic. in diameter, spherical, aggregated, associated in families 22-
45 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, colorless, not at all or scarcely lamel-
lose; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; cell contents blue-green or green, becoming
brownish.

Colorado. On Cladophora. (Porter, Wolle).

38. Gloeocapsa mellea Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 23. f. V. 1845-1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 46. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull, Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.
Plant mass soft, crustaceous, pale flesh-colored to yellowish; families
10-22 mic. in diameter; plants 2.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or angular,
usually arranged in globose or oblong families of two or four; sheaths

Myxophyceae 19

hyaline, colorless, somewhat homogeneous; cell contents flesh-colored to
honey-colored.

Colorado. On walls and bare earth, often mixed with other algae.
(Wolle).

39. Gloeocapsa atrata (Turpin) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 21. f. 4. 1845-
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 57. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 22.

Plant mass crustaceous, mucous, black; plants 9-14 mic. in diameter,
spherical; sheaths very thick, hyaline, or pale blue, homogeneous, two or
three times as wide as lumen of cell; cells 3.5-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell con-
tents somewhat granular, pale blue-green.

Alaska. (Setchell).

40. Gloeocapsa muralis Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 21. f. 1. 1845-1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 52. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 23.

Plant mass more or less expanded, delicate, gelatinous, dull olive to
brownish-green; plants 13-26 mic. in diameter, usually ellipsoid or oblong;
sheaths spherical or elliptical, hyaline, colorless or yellowish, usually indis-
tinctly lamellose; cells 5-8 mic. in diameter; cell contents somewhat granu-
lose, blue-green.

West Indies. St. Vincent. (West).

41. Glceocapsa rupestris Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 17. pl. 22. f. 2. 1845-1849.
De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 46. 1907.
Tilden, American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 599. 1902.
Plate I. fig. 24.

Plant mass grayish-brown to black, crustaceous, somewhat hard; plants
spherical, associated in families 15-75 mic. wide; sheaths very thick, lam-
ellose, yellowish or orange becoming darker; cells 6-9 mic. in diameter;
cell contents granular, blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen). New Jersey. (Wolle). Minnesota. On
moist wall growing on lime encrusted moss and on disintegrated limestone.
In stone quarry. Near campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
November 1go1. (Lilley).

42. Gloeocapsa fusco-lutea (Naegeli) Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 224. 1849. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 47. 1907.

Plant mass crustaceous, becoming black; families 50 mic. in diameter,
spherical or oval; plants 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, globose; sheaths yellow or
yellowish-brown, usually not lamellose; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter; cell
contents blue-green becoming pale.

North America. (Setchell).

43. Gloeocapsa sparsa Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 13. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 45. 1907.

20 Minnesota Algae

Plate I. fig. 25.

Plant mass mucous; plants 12 mic. in diameter, associated in families of
from two to eight; cells 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, oval or oblong;
sheaths having firm inner layer, homogeneous or lamellose, yellowish-
brown, rarely colorless, outer layer homogeneous or lamellose, colorless or
nearly so (generally scarcely visible); cell contents homogeneous.

Pennsylvania. Forming, with other algae, a rather firm, grumous or
gelatinous coating of a light brown color, growing on rocks. Fairmount
Water Works, near Philadelphia. (Wood).

44. Gloeocapsa gigas W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae
from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. pl. 16. f. 11-13.
1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 47. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 26, 27.

Colonies subglobose, solitary or somewhat aggregated, consisting of
from four to thirty-six cells; colonial tegument subglobose, hard, often
somewhat rugose on surface, yellowish or brownish; sheaths indistinct,
few, pale yellowish; cells 9-15 mic. in diameter, subglobose or oblong;
cell walls smooth or finely granular; cell contents granular, blue-green.

West Indies. On damp wall of dam. St. Vincent. (Elliott).

45. Gloeocapsa crepidinum (Rabenhorst) Thuret. Notes Algologiques. 1: 2.
pl. 1. f. 1-3. 1876. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 44. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 27. pl. 1. f. 1. 1881. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County. 16, 1888; Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 309. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 95. 1888.
Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of
Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Wolle and Martindale.
Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J.
2:611. 1889. Anderson. List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe.
2:217. 1891. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert
Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 8 no. 351. 1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England
Plants—-V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no, 1151. 1904. Collins. Phycological
Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate I. fig. 28.

Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat soft, olive-green (becoming black
when dried); plants 5-8 mic. in diameter, solitary or in twos or fours;
sheaths yellowish-brown, not lamellose; cells 4-7 mic. in diameter,

Maine. Eastport. (Farlow.) On old logs in a salt marsh. Eagle Island,
Penobscot Bay. July 1896. (Collins). Common on rocks, etc.: near high-

water mark. (Collins). Massachusetts. Gloucester. (Farlow). On wood-
work near high-water mark. Everett; Medford. (Collins). Rhode Island.
Newport. (Farlow). Connecticut. On stonework; on wharf logs. Strat-

ford Shoals. May, September. (Holden). New York. Staten Island.
(Pike). New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale).

Myxophyceae 21

California. On wharves at high water. On northern and middle coasts.
(Anderson). Forming gelatinous masses on logs floating in salt water.
Alameda. September 1903. (Osterhout, Gardner).

46. Gloeocapsa magma (Brébisson) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 17. pl. 22. f.
1. 1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 35. 1907.

Dickie. Algae. in Hooker. An account of the plants collected by Dr.
Walker in Greenland and Arctic’ America during the Expedition of Sir
Francis M’Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht “Fox”, 21 June 1860. Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861. (Sorospora montana Harv.); Notes on a
collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James Taylor,
and remarks on Arctic species in general. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 242.
1867. Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand-
vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Dickie. On the Algae
found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17:9. 1880.
Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appa-
lachia. 3: 236. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 331. pl. 210. f. 26-31.
1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1880. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 151. 1806. Collins. Algae. Flora of the
Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations
of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Richter.
Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 3. 1897.
Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 229. 1904. Lemmermann, Al-
genfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 614. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on
the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

Plate I. fig. 29.

Plant mass grumous, crustaceous, coppery-purple, becoming black when
dried; families 30-70, rarely 300 mic. in diameter; plants 6-12 mic. in diam-
eter, spherical; sheaths lamellose, deep purple or copper-brown, usually not
pellucid, the external layer very broad, globose, paler or colorless, soon
diffluent; cells 4.5-7 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents blue-green,
granular, often becoming brownish.

Dominion of Canada. Fresh water. Port Kennedy. (Walker). Cumber-
land Sound, Davis Strait. (Taylor). Marshes, Floeberg Beach, 82° 27’N.

(Dickie). Greenland. Fresh water brook. Karaiak, near south end of
Nunataks, Umanakdistrikt. 1892, 1893. (Vanhdffen). United States.
Forming a purplish-brown, grumous thallus. (Wolle). New Hampshire.

Common on wet stones at the top of Cabot Mountain, Shelburne. (Far-
low). One of the species composing the brown coating of the wall of “The
Flume.” September 1904. (Collins). Massachusetts. Forming a dark
purplish slimy coating on perpendicular wet rocks. Middlesex Fells. June
1895. (Collins). New Jersey. On shaded rocks. (Wolle). Minnesota.
On rocks. Taylor’s Falls. July 1896. (Fink). Iowa. On granitic boulders.
Fayette. (Fink). Hawaii. Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii; on stones.
Island of Oahu. (Berggren).

Var. itzigsohnii (Bornet) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algenflora von
Bohmen. 2: 147. 1892. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 36. 1907.

22 Minnesota Algae

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877.
(G. itzigsohnii Bornet).

Plant mass brownish-red; families 15-60 mic. in diameter; sheaths con-
spicuously lamellose, the inner layers coppery-red, the outer ones paler or
colorless; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, globose or ellipsoid; cell contents
greenish.

Pennsylvania. Shaded rocks. (Wolle).

47. Gloeocapsa janthina Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 51. pl. 1 F. f. 5. 1840.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:40. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1205. 1905.

Plant mass crustaceous, black; plants 7.5-12 mic. in diameter, spherical;
sheaths violet or reddish-violet, outer layers paler, sometimes peeling off;
cells 2-4.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen). Massachusetts. On dripping masonry under
railroad bridge. Melrose. August 1902. (Collins). New York. Cliffs.
Niagara. (Wolle).

48. Gloeocapsa ralfsiana (Harvey) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: pl. 23. 1845-
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 37. 1907.

Plate I. fig. 30.

Plant mass gelatinous, compact, dull dusky purple; plants 10-17 mic.
in diameter, associated in families of from 2-8 cells; sheaths very thick,
opaque, intensely purple, the outer layers very wide, nearly colorless, usual-
ly angular from pressure, sometimes diffluent; cell contents granular, pale
blue-green.

Greenland. In Parmelia saxatilus. (Wullschlaegel).

49. Gloeocapsa thermalis Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 614. pl. 7. f. 12-18. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 36. 1997.

Plate I. fig. 31.

Plant mass mucous, hyaline or dark-purple; families 2-8 celled, usually
oblong, 8-11 mic. in length; plants, including sheath, 6-7.8 mic. in diameter,
globose, often solitary; sheaths hyaline or dark purple, granular; cells 1-2.6
mic. in diameter, globose, pale blue-green.

Hawaii. In hot water. Volcano of Mauna Kea. Island of Hawaii.
1896-97. (Schauinsland).

50. Gloeocapsa ambigua Naegeli in Kuetz. Spec. Algar. 220. 1849. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 41. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 179. 1903. (G. ambigua f. fuscolutea Naeg.)

Plant mass crustaceous, viclet becoming black; families about 62 mic.
in diameter; plants 4-8 mic. in diameter, spherical; sheaths violet, usually
opaque not lamellose; cells 1.8-2.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents finely
granular, blue-green.

Myxophyceae 23

Alaska. In mountain stream. Orca. (Jepson).

51. Gloeocapsa viclacea (Corda) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 41. 1865.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 39. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 196. 1896; On some Algal stalac-
tites of the Yellowstone National Park. Bot. Gaz. 24:108. pl. 8 f. 5. 1897;
Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103.
1808. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 551.
1899. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—II. Rho-
dora. 7: 235. 1905.

Plate I. fig. 32.

Plant mass thin, mucous or gelatinous, dull violet or grayish-violet;
families about 100 mic. in diameter; plants 10-17 mic. in diameter, globose;
sheaths not lamellose, violet or rose-colored; outer layers colorless, hyaline,
very wide; cells 3.5 mic. in diameter; cell contents granular, blue-green.

Alaska. (Setchell). Connecticut. “On vertical face of moist lime-
stone, east side of road and a few rods from it, a mile or so from the station
on the road to Bull’s Bridge.” Gaylordsville. October 1898. (Holden).
Wyoming. Valley of the Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellow-
stone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).

s2, Gloeocapsa dubia Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no.
1092, Kirchner. Algen. Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien. 256. 1878.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 34. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Ap-
palachia. 3: 236. 1883.

Plant mass either grumous or widely expanded, gelatinous, firm, red-
dish-orange, when dried generally of a dull greenish color; plants 11-24 mic.
in diameter, spherical or oblong, densely aggregated, usually associated in
families of twos or fours; sheaths very thick, usually twice the diameter
of the cell, not lamellose, soon peeling off; cell contents granular, brownish,
when dried homogeneous and bluish-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen). New Hampshire. On rocks. Flume; Cabot
Mountain, Shelburne. (Farlow).

53. Gloeocapsa sanguinea (Agardh) Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 174. 1843. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 36. 1907.

Plant mass thin, gelatinous, extended, blood red, or thicker, somewhat
crustaceous and black; families 25-50, rarely 140 mic. in diameter; sheaths
very wide, not lamellose, intensely blood red, inner layers pale red, outer
layers colorless or nearly colorless; cells 3.5-9 mic. in diameter; cell con-
tents granular, pale blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen).

Genus ENTOPHYSALIS Kuetz. Phyc. Gen. 177. 1843.

Plant mass globose, cartilaginous, including numerous, more or less
confluent small families of cells; cells spherical, each surrounded by an
elliptical sheath, associated in families.

24 Minnesota Algae

I Plant mass crustaceous; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter E. granulosa
II Plant mass mucous; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter E. magnoliae

54. Entophysalis granulosa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 177. pl. XVIII. f. 5 1843.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:58. 1907. .

Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15:
309. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adja-
cent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Wolle
and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:611. 1880. Collins. Notes on New England
Marine Algae,—VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 23:1. 1896. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 152. 1896. Collins. Prelim-
inary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora: 2: 41. 1900;
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate I. fig. 33.

Plant mass crustaceous, up to I mm. in thickness, granular and warted,
cartilaginous to fragile, brownish or black; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter;
sheaths very thick, lamellose, brownish.

Maine. Forming an incrustation on edge of rocky tide pool, at extreme
high water mark. Cape Rosier. July 1895. (Collins). Massachusetts. (Col-
lins). Connecticut. Forming a crust on stones between tide marks.
Fresh Pond, Stratford. August 1895. (Holden). New Jersey. On old
shells. Atlantic City. (Morse, Collins). “Forming a crumbly incrustation
at high-water mark, and seeming to prefer lagoons or high tide-pools, where
the water is quite salt and where the level does not vary much.’—Collins.

55. Entophysalis magnoliae Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 29.
1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 58. 1907.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plant mass mucous; families densely branched; cells 4-6 mic. in diam-
eter, dark purple, united in twos and fours, embedded in jelly.

Maine. (Collins). Massachusetts. Forming a thin slime on exposed
rocks. Rare. Autumn. Magnolia Cove, Gloucester. (Farlow).

Genus CHONDROCYSTIS Lemmerm.
Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen. 353. 1899.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, widely expanded, up to 35 cm. high, carti-
laginous, soft, fragile, encrusted with lime at the base, curled up at periph-
ery; families consisting of spherical masses of cells lying free, the mem-
branes of which seem to be thickened into one layer.

56. Chondrocystis schauinslandii Lemmermann. Ergebn. einer Reise n. d.
Pacific. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 16: 353. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich-In-
seln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 615. pl. 7. f. 22-29. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 59. 1907.

Myxophyceae 25

Plate I. fig. 34-36.

Plant mass rose-colored to red, thick, cushion-like, widely expanded,
encrusted with lime on the under side; cells somewhat spherical or elongate,
2 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length; sheath thick.

Hawaii. On sides of lagoon. Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Genus GLOEOTHECE Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 57. 1849.

Colonies embedded in a common gelatinous tegument; cells cylindrical-
oblong, rounded at the ends, each surrounded by a wide mucous homogene-
ous or lamellose sheath; reproduction by transverse division of the cells in
one direction only.

I Individual sheaths colorless
I Cells .8-2.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length
G. linearis

2 Cells 1.6-3 mic. in diameter, 2.2-7.5 mic. in length
G. confluens
3. Cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter, 6-15 mic. in length GG. rupestris
4 Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length G. membranacea
5 Cells 2.5-2.7 mic. in diameter, 4.8-5.7 mic. in length, somewhat crescent-

shaped with acute apices G. lunata
II Individual sheaths partly or entirely colored
1 Plant mass usually free-floating
(1) Sheaths colorless at margins; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter

G. magna
(2) Sheaths usually brownish or yellowish; cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter,
6-11 mic. in length G. fuscolutea

57. Gloeothece linearis Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 58. 1849. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5:62. 1907.
West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. 1895.

Plate II. fig. 1, 2.

Plant mass gelatinous, dull yellow becoming reddish; plants 9.5-10.5
mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in length; sheaths very wide, colorless, hyaline,
oblong or somewhat reniform; cells .8-2.5 mic. in diameter, 10.5-18 mic. in
length, linear-cylindrical, straight or curved, usually single; cell contents
pale blue-green or green.

West Indies. On damp wall of dam, Sharp’s River, St. Vincent. (Elli-
ott).

58. Gloeothece confluens Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 58. pl. 1 G. f. 1. 1849.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 60. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pl. 210. f. 6. 1887. Collins. Algae of Mid-
dlesex County. 16. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Cata-
logue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1889.

26 Minnesota Algae

Plate II. fig. 3.

Plant mass gelatinous, amorphous, pale reddish-yellow or greenish;
plants 9-10 mic. in diameter, 12-16 mic. in length; sheaths wide, hyaline,
colorless; cells 1.6-3. mic. in diameter, 2.2-7.5 mic. in length, oblong-cylin-
drical, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous, greenish or becoming
paler.

Massachusetts. Calcareous springs. Newton. (Farlow). New Jersey.
On wet rocks. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. On wet rocks. Bethlehem.
(Wolle).

59. Gloeothece rupestris (Lyngbye) Bornet. Les Algues de P. K. A.
Schousboe. 177. 1892. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Alg. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc.
no. 399. 1880. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 63. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 703. 1900;
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1204. 1905., (G. cystifera (Hass.) Rab.)

Plate II. fig. 4.

Families 25-45 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval, containing two, four
or eight plants; plants 8-12 mic, in diameter, 12-36 mic. in length; sheaths
colorless or brownish-yellow; cells 4-5.5 mic. in diameter, 6-15 mic. in
length; cell contents blue-green.

California. On dripping boards. Lake Chabot. San Leandro, Alameda
County. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner). Bermudas. On ground.
Spanish Point. Bermuda. January 1900. (Farlow).

Var. tepidariorum (A. Br.) Hansirg. Prodromus. 2: 136. f. 46. 1892.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 64. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 601. 1899.
(G. cystifera (Hass.) Rab.).

Plant mass dusky olive or brownish blue-green, often widely expanded;
families 21-40 mic. in diameter, 30-50 mic. in length, containing usually two
or four plants; cells 5-6 mic. in diameter, 5-15 mic. in length, elliptical or
long-cylindrical, after division almost spherical; cell contents finely gran-
ular, blue-green.

Rhode Island. On wood work of a dam. Centredale. April 1894.
(Osterhout).

60. Gloeothece membranacea (Rabenhorst) Bornet. Les Algues de P. K.
A. Schousboe. 175. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 61. 1907.

Plant mass membranaceous (resembling a Nostoc), dark olive green;
cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length, always oblong before division;
sheaths disappearing after third or fourth division.

North America. (Collins).
61. Gloeothece lunata W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae

from the West Indies. Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 30: 277. pl. 16. f. 9. 1895.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:65. 1907.

Myxophyceae 27

Plate II. fig. 5.

Colonies 19 mic. in diameter, 32.5 mic. in length, oval or elliptical; cells
2.5-2.7 mic. in diameter, 4.8-5.7 mic. in length, somewhat crescent shaped,
with acute apices, associated in families of two or four; cell contents homo-
geneous, blue-green.

West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River. St. Vincent. May
1892. (Elliott).

62. Gloeothece magna Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 6: 138. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 62. 1907.

Plant mass large, thin, irregularly oblong, pale yellowish green: colony
containing many plants; sheaths usually colorless at the margins; cells 3-4
mic. in diameter, nearly twice as long as wide.

Pennsylvania. Forming a coating on small water plants, or floating in
ponds, many families joined together. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

63. Gloeothece fuscolutea Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 58. 1849. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 66. 1907.

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Alma-
nac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 500. 1901;
Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of
the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 147. 1902.

Plant mass soft, gelatinous, blue-green; sheaths thick, lamellose, color-
less, brownish or yellowish; cells 4-5.5 mic. wide, 6-11 mic. long, oblong-
cylindrical, single or associated in families of four or eight; cell contents
blue-green.

Hawaii. Covering surface of water in plat in rice field. Aiea. Oahu.
June 1900. (Tilden).

Genus APHANACAPSA Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 52. 1849.

Plant mass more or less expanded, colorless or blue-green, yellow or
brown; plants spherical or angular from mutual pressure, single or in pairs;
individual sheaths thick, very soft, colorless, not distinct, confluent into a
mucous, amorphous, homogeneous colonial tegument; tegument colorless
or tinted brown or blue-green; reproduction by successive division of the
cells alternately in three directions.

J Plant mass colorless.
1 Cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter A. elachista

2 Cells 10-16 mic. in diameter A. zanardinii

II Plant mass green or blue-green.
1 Plant mass globose, gelatinous, dirty green; cells 3.2-5.6 mic. in diam-
eter A. grevillei

2 Plant mass hemispherical, gelatinous, blue-green; cells 5-6 mic. in
diameter A. rivularis

28 : Minnesota Algae
3 Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, dirty green or olive
A. virescens

III Plant mass brown.
Cells 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter A. brunnea

64. Aphanocapsa elachista W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater
Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 276. pl. 15.
f. 9, 10. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 73. 1907.

Plate II. fig. 6.

Colonies 26-38 mic. in diameter, not forming a distinct plant mass,
very small, somewhat globose; sheaths firm, gelatinous, colorless, not lam-
ellose, soon diffluent; cells 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, spherical, single or in
pairs, loosely arranged; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.

West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet elevation).
November and December 1892; in stream, Grande Soufriére, Dominica.
(Elliott).

“This species seems characteristically distinct by reason of its minute
cells in the very small, globose colonies, which were scattered amongst
other algae.”—West.

65. Aphanocapsa zanardinii (Hauck) Hansgirg. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 67. 1907.
Plant mass colorless; cells 10-16 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in
families of two or four; individual sheaths very thin, hyaline, scarcely vis-
ible; cell contents homogeneous, sometimes granular, emerald green.

Massachusetts. (Collins).

66. Aphanocapsa grevillei (Hassall) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 50.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 73. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 333. pl. 210. f. 38, 39. 1887. Ben-
nett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae
of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14:9. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 7.

Plant mass gelatinous, globose, densely aggregated, more or less con-
fluent, dirty green, when dry becoming olive or brownish; sheaths soon
difluent; cells 3.2-5.6 mic. in diameter, spherical or elliptical, rather crowd-
ed, single or in pairs; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.

Greenland. (Boergesen). Pennsylvania. Submerged stones in shal-
low pond water. (Wolle). Rhode Island. Benedict and other ponds.
(Bennett). Iowa. Pond near R. R. Ames. 1905. (Buchanan).

67. Aphanocapsa rivularis (Carmichael) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:
49. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 69. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.
Plate II. fig. 8, 9.

Plant mass hemispherical, gelatinous, tuberculose, often confluent, blu-

Myxophyceae 29

ish-green becoming brownish when dry; sheaths very thick, not lamellose,
colorless, soon diffluent; cells 5-6 mic. in diameter, spherical, scattered,
single or in pairs; cell contents finely granular, blue-green.

Pennsylvania. In ponds attached to wood or stone. (Wolle).

68. Aphanocapsa virescens (Hassall) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 48.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 68. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 333. pl. 210. f. 33. 1887. Wolle
and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1889. West. The Freshwater Algae of Maine.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 207. 1889.

Plate II. fig. 10, 11.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous, more or less expanded, dirty green
or olive, becoming brownish; sheaths scarcely visible, diffluent; cells about
6 mic. in diameter, globose, single or in pairs; cell contents homogeneous,
often showing a central granule, pale blue-green.

Maine. (West). New Jersey. On wet stones and rocks. (Wolle).

69. Aphanocapsa brunnea Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 52. 1849. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5:71. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329. 1887.

Plant mass gelatinous, membranaceous, expanded, brownish; sheaths
not visible; cells 4.5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, in division oblong,
single or in pairs, crowded; cell contents finely granular, pale yellowish
brown or greenish brown.

North America. Forming brownish-olive, floating masses in stagnant
waters. (Wolle). Canada. Minnesota Seaside Station, Vancouver Island.
British Columbia. July 1901. (Crosby and Leavitt).

Genus APHANOTHECE Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Algar. 59. 1849.

Plant mass more or less expanded, somewhat spherical or without def-
inite shape; individual sheaths thick, not distinct, confluent into a mucous,
amorphous, homogeneous colonial tegument; cells oblong; reproduction by
division of the cells in one direction only.

J Plant:mass without dejinite shape.
1 Cells 1-2 mic. in diameter A. saxicola
2 Cells more than 2 mic. in diameter

(1) Plant mass dirty green or olive brown; cells 2.5-3 mic. in diameter
A. conferta
(2) Growing in very salt water; cells 5 mic. in diameter, hardly longer
than broad A. utahensis
(3) Cells one to three times as long as broad

A Plant mass colorless; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter
A. microscopica

30 Minnesota Algae

B Plant mass colored
a Plant mass blue-green, olive or yellowish-brown; cells 2-3.5

mic. in diameter A. castagnei
b Plant mass pale blue-green; cells 3-8 mic. in diameter
A. pallida
c Plant mass pale yellowish-green or olive; cells 2-3 mic. in diam-
eter A. microspora
d Plant mass yellowish-brown or olive; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diam-
eter, irregularly scattered A. naegelii

II Plant mass more or less spherical
1 Plant mass pale blue-green; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter
A. stagnina
2 Plant mass bright or dark emerald green; cells 5-6.5 mic. in diameter
A. prasina

yo. Aphanothece saxicola Naegeli. Gatt. Einz: Alg. 60. pl. 1 H. f. 2. 1849.
De Toni. Syll, Algar. 5: 81. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1203. 1905;
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no 1301. 1906. West and West. On some Fresh-
water Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. 1895.

Plant mass mucous-gelatinous, colorless or yellowish, without definite
shape; cells 1-2 mic. in diameter, 2-6 mic. in length, somewhat cylindrical,
with rounded ends, single or in pairs, sometimes surrounded by many par-
tially dissolved sheaths; cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts, Forming soft masses of irregular form, floating among
cther algae. Horn Pond. Woburn. September 1905. (Collins). California,
Walls of reservoir. Del Monte, Monterey County. September 1902. (Oster-
hout). West Indies. “In small masses of 70-120 mic. in diameter, amongst
mosses on trees. Rather scarce.” Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet),
Dominica. November and December 1892. (Elliott).

71. Aphanothece conferta Richter in Hauck and Richter. Phykotheka
Universalis. no. 487. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 84. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1152. 1904.

Plant mass gelatinous-mucous, membranaceous, expanded, dirty green
or olive brown; individual sheaths colorless, diffluent; cells 2.5-3 mic. in
diameter, 4.5-5.5 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, single or in pairs,
crowded in families; cell contents finely granular, pale blue-green or olive.

California. On trunk of Bay tree. Strawberry Creek, Berkeley. March
1003. (Gardner).

72. Aphanothece utahensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 297.
1898.

Plant mass 1-6 cm. in diameter, forming thin, gelatinous, brown and
blue-green membranes; cells 5 mic. in diameter, oval or nearly spherical,
single or in twos.

Myxophyceae 31

Utah. Floating near shore of lake and washed up on beach. Garfield
Beach, Great Salt Lake. July 1807. (Tilden).

73. Aphanothece microscopica Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 59. pl. 1 H. f. 1.
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 83. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 552. 1899. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska
Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Collins. Algae of the
Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.

Plate II. fig. 12.

Plant mass .25-2 mm. in diameter, gelatinous, colorless, globose or
oblong, later irregular in shape, floating; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6-9
mic. long, oblong-cylindrical, single or in twos; cell contents blue-green.

Greenland. (Richter, Boergesen). Alaska. Forming a slimy coating,
with Chroococcus, on a perpendicular cliff over which water was trick-
ling. Juneau. (Saunders). New Hampshire. On wall of the “Flume.”
(Collins). Massachusetts. On flower pots. Botanic Garden. Cambridge.
TIebruary 1895. (Richards). West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s
River, St. Vincent; on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), Dominica.
(Elliott).

74. Aphanothece castagnei (Brébisson) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 64.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 81. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903.

Plate II. fig. 13.

Plant mass gelatinous, amorphous, expanded, bluish-green, olive or
yellowish-brown; sheaths not usually visible; cells 2-3.5 mic. in diameter,
3-8 mic. in length, globose, oblong or polygonal, of various sizes, somewhat
crowded; cell contents pale blue.

Alaska. In sulphur waters. (Farlow, Setchell). Washington, D. C.
(Farlow). Washington. In a jar of water in the laboratory. University
of Washington, Seattle. (Gardner).

75: Aphanothece pallida (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 64. 1865.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 83. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pl. 210. f. 7, 8. 1887.

Plant mass 4-6 mm. in diameter, gelatinous, soft, somewhat transparent,
pale blue-green; cells 3-8 mic. in diameter, 5-24 mic. in length, oblong-ellip-
tical or cylindrical, usually scattered; cell contents pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania. On wet or marshy ground. (Wolle). Minnesota.
Keegan’s Lake, Minneapolis. October 1907. (Hone).

76. Aphanothece micrespora (Meneghini) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:
64. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 84. 1907.
Richter. ‘Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42.

Taher

32 Minnesota Algae

3. 1897. Saunders. The Aigae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Collins. Algae of
the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.

Plant mass amorphous, irregularly lobed, gelatinous-mucous, soft, hya-
line, pale yellowish-green or olfve; sheaths colorless, usually entirely dis-
solved; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length, oblong, single or in
pairs; cell contents pale blue.

Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhdffen.). Alaska, Forming with Chroo-
coccus turgidus,a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff, over which
water was trickling. Juneau. (Saunders). New Hampshire. (Collins).

77. Aphanothece naegelii Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 65.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 77. 1907.

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Alma-
nac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 497. 1901;
Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of
the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 153. 1902.

Plate II. fig. 14.

Plant mass gelatinous, ‘yellowish-brown or olive, adhering to paper
when dried; sheaths diffluent; cells 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6.5-8 mic. in
length, oblong or oval, almost spherical after division, irregularly scattered,
rather densely crowded; cell contents pale blue-green.

Hawaii. Forming soft, olive-brown lumps on sides of damp cliff among
mosses and liverworts. Elevation 350 feet. Kaliawaa Falls. Makao, Koolau-
loa, Oahu. June rgoo. (Tilden).

48. Aphanothece stagnina (Sprengel) A. Braun in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur.
Algar. 2:66. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:76. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 27. no. 1302. 1906.

Plate Il. fig. 15.

Plant mass .5-2 cm. in diameter, gelatinous, oblong, elliptical or nearly
globose, hyaline, pale blue-green; cells 3-5 mic. in diameter, 5-8 mic. in
length, oblong-oval; cell contents pale blue-green.

Alaska. (Farlow). Michigan. Forming firm, light green, spherical
or tuberculate floating masses. Walnut Lake, Oakland County. May 1906.
(Hankinson). .

79. Aphanothece prasina A. Braun in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:65.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:78. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 325. pl. 210. f. 9, 10. 1887. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610.
1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 251.
1897. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw.

Myxophyceae 33

Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 498.
1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Pople
of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 146. 1902.

Plate II. fig. 16.

Plant mass gelatinous, more or less globose, tuberculose or angular,
bright emerald green, sometimes confluent and then lobed; sheaths difflu-
ent; cells 5-6.5 mic. in diameter, 7.7-11 mic. long, oblong or ovoid, often
spherical after division; cell contents blue-green.

Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). Connecticut. In free swim-
ming gelatinous masses of a yellowish or bluish green color, globular when
young, later becoming irregular in shape. Norwich. September 1892.
(Setchell). New Jersey. Floating on ponds. (Wolle). ‘Hawaii, Form-
ing free-swimming, blue-green tuberculose, globose or flattened soft masses,
floating in ditch in rice field near beach. Aiea, Oahu. June 1900; in brack-
ish, stagnant water. Meheiwi, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

Genus MICROCYSTIS Kuetz. Linnaea 8: 372. 1833.

Colonies spherical or somewhat spherical, solid, finally becoming hol-
low and lobed, single or associated in clusters, containing large numbers of
cells, surrounded by a colorless, gelatinous tegument; cells spherical, oval
or elliptical; cell contents green or blue-green, often showing vacuoles;
reproduction by cell division in three directions.

I Cells spherical.
1 Colonies more or less spherical, usually containing several daughter
colonies each surrounded by its own tegument; cells 2-4 mic. in

diameter M. ichthyoblabe
2 Plant mass dull yellowish becoming olive; colonies 30-70 mic. in diam-
eter; cells 2.2-4 mic. in diameter M. donnellii

3 Colonies spherical, flattened, orbicular, lens-shaped, sometimes con-
fluent, surrounded by a thick, lamellose common tegument; cells
3-4 mic. in diameter M. marginata

4 Colonies more or less spherical or oblong, with an indistinctly

limited tegument, pale or yellowish-green; cells 4-6.5 mic. in diam-
eter. M. flos-aquae

II Cells oval or oblong, sometimes almost spherical.

1 Colonies spherical, oblong or flattened, sometimes containing several
daughter colonies each surrounded by its own tegument; cells 1-1.5
mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length,-oblong M. elabens

2 Plant mass pulverulent, bright glaucous or whitish blue-green; col-
onies spherical or oblong; cells 2-3 mic. in diameter, somewhat
spherical or oval M. pulverea

3 Plant mass irregular, firm, gelatinous, pink, brown or green, growing
in very salt water; cells 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length,
oblong or elliptical M. packardii

4 Plant mass mucous, floccose, amorphous, sky-blue; colonies somewhat

34 Minnesota Algae

spherical, distinctly limited; cells somewhat spherical or ellipsoid
(size unknown) M. piscinalis
5 Colonies irregular in shape, with an indistinctly limited tegument;
cells 5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval
M. pallida

80. Microcystis ichthyoblabe Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 7. pl. 8. 1845-1849.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 88. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 330. 1887. Wolle and Martindale.
Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J..
2: 611. 1889. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm.
Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. (Polycystis icthioblabe Kg.)

Colonies membranaceous, thin, more or less spherical, surrounded by a
common gelatinous tegument, usually containing several daughter colonies
each surrounded by its own tegument, blue-green; cells 2-4 mic. in diameter,
spherical; cell contents showing vacuoles, pale blue-green.

United States. (Pike, Farlow, Collins). New Jersey. Occasional
in small pools. (Wolle). Ohio. Put-in-Bay. Lake Erie. (Snow). 3

81. Microcystis donnellir Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
6: 282. 1879.

Plant mass dull yellowish becoming olive; colonies 30-70 mic. in diam-
eter, spherical or oval, often more or less angular, green; cells 2.2-4 mic.
in diameter; cell contents granular, green.

Maryland. In soft gelatinous masses, often nine and ten inches in
diameter, floating in ponds, Garrett County. July 1878. (Smith).

82. Microcystis marginata (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 6. pl. 8.
1845-1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 91. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:137. 1877.
(Anacystis marginata Menegh.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329.
1887. (A. marginata Kg.) Fanning. Observations on the Algae
of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 613. pl. 45. 1901. Saun-
ders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.
3: 397- 1901. (M. marginata Naeg.) Setchell and Gardner. Algae
of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903. Clark.
The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 94. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 17.

Colonies spherical, flattened or orbicular and lens-shaped, sometimes
confluent, surrounded by a thick, lamellose common tegument, pale green,
colorless at the margin; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, densely crowded, spher-
ical or sometimes angular; cell contents blue-green, becoming granular.

United States. In ponds of stagnant water. (Wolle). Alaska. Form-
ing a slimy coating on a perpendicular cliff. Near Juneau. (Saunders); form-
ing slimy coatings on dripping rocks. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Setchell
and Lawson). Minnesota. St. Paul city water. (Fanning). Central
America. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala, (Meek).

Myxophyceae 35

83. Microcystis flos-aquae (Wittrock) Kirchner in Engler and Prantl. Nat.
Pflanz.I 1 a. 56. f. 49 N. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 86. 1907.
Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash. 21: 153. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 18.

Colonies more or less spherical or oblong, with an indistinctly limited
tegument, often several lying close together, pale or yellowish blue-green;
cells 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, spherical, often densely crowded; cell contents
showing vacuoles, pale bluish-green.

- Central America. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Temperature of water
73°. January 1906. (Kellerman, Meek and Smith).

84. Microcystis elabens (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 6. pl. 8. 1845-
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 88. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 28 1881. (Polycystis
elabens Kuetz.). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast
and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1889.
Collins. Algae-—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine.
249. 1894. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 23. no. II0I. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late
Tsaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate II. fig. 19.

Colonies spherical, oblong, or flattened, membranaceous, surrounded
by a common gelatinous tegument, sometimes containing several daughter
colonies each surrounded by its own tegument, bluish or olive-green; cells
I-1.5 mic. in diameter, 3-5 mic. in length, oblong; cell contents showing
vacuoles.

Maine. On rocky sides of a tide pool at high water mark. Cape Rosier.
July 1896; among small algae. Seal Harbor. (Collins). New Hampshire.
(Collins). Massachusetts. “Common in summer on decaying algae, over
which it forms slimy masses.” Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). Rhode Island.
(Collins). Connecticut. On decaying algae. Fresh Pond. August. (Hol-
den). New York. Prince’s Bay, Staten Island. (Pike).

85. Microcystis pulverea (Wood) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 92. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Freshwater Algae North America. 79. 1872.
(Pleurococcus pulvereus Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.
III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877. (Anacystis glauca Wolle);
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 329. pl. 210. f. 25. 1887. (A. p ulvereus (Wood)
Wolle).

Plant mass pulverulent, bright glaucous or whitish blue-green, com-
posed of very numerous and densely crowded colonies; colonies spherical
or oblong, usually surrounded by a diffluent, hyaline tegument; cells 2-3
mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, oval or angular, very much crowded;
cell contents pale blue or olive green.

36 Minnesota Algae

Pennsylvania. Forming an extended stratum over the bottom of lime-
stone spring. The stratum is in places nearly an inch in thickness and when
lifted by the hand is found to be loose and crumbly. “Boiling Springs”,
two miles from Bellefonte, Centre County. (Wood). On bottom of lime-
stone springs. Northampton and Lehigh Counties. (Wolle).

86. Microcystis packardii (Farlow) nob. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 93. 1907.

Packard. The Sea-weeds of Salt Lake. Am. Nat. 13: 7o1. 1879. (Poly-
cystis packardii Farlow). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III.

no. 298. 1898.
Plate II. fig. 20.

Plant mass irregular in shape, firm, gelatinous, displaying various tints
of pink, brown or green; cells 2:5-4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length,
oblong or elliptical.

Utah. Forming irregularly-shaped balls or masses of a firm gelatinous
structure, showing various tints of pink, brown and green. In thick masses
around edge of lake for a distance of forty feet out from shore and one to
two feet in depth. Often washed ashore and left in beds on sand. Garfield
Beach, Great Salt Lake. July 1897. (Tilden).

87. Microcystis piscinalis (Briigg.) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:90. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 137. 1877.
(Polycystis “piscinalis Brigg.)

Plant mass mucous, floccose, amorphous, sky-blue, becoming gray-
green when dried; colonies somewhat spherical, distinctly limited, many
sometimes surrounded by a more or less dissolved common tegument; cells
somewhat spherical or ellipsoid; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.

Pennsylvania. In pools. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

88. Microcystis pallida (Farlow) Lemmermann. Algen. Kryptogamenflora
der Mark Brandenburg. 3: 77. 1907. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 93. 1907.

Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310.
1888. (Polycystis pallida (Kuetz.) Farlow). Martindale. Marine
Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island.
Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1880. Wolle and Martindale, Algae. Brit-
ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611.
1889. Collins. Algae—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert
Island, Maine. 249. 1894. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900.

Colonies irregular in shape, with an indistinctly limited tegument; cells
5-5.5 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell contents bluish green.

Maine. Among small algae. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts.
Gloucester (Farlow). Rhode Island. Newport. (Farlow). New Jer-
sey. On decaying algae. Atlantic City. (Morse).

Myxophyceae 37

Genus CLATHROCYSTIS Henfrey
Mic. Journ. 53. pl. 4. f. 28-36. 1856.

Colonies of variable shape, at first solid soon becoming saccate and
clathrate, (“fragments of the broken fronds occurring in irregularly lobed
forms”), surrounded by a colorless, gelatinous, indistinctly limited integu-
ment; cells spherical, numerous.

I Cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical. C. aeruginosa
II Cells 6-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval C. robusta

89. Clathrocystis aeruginosa (Kuetzing) Henfrey. Mic. Journ. 53. pl. 4. f.
28-36. 1856. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 94. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 327. pl. 210. f. 17, 18. 1887. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County. 16. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island.
115. 1888. Jelliffe. A Further Contribution to the Microscopical Examina-
tion of the Brooklyn Water Supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1894.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 51. 1895. Col-
lins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and
Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massa-
chusetts, 126. 1896. Tilden. List of Freshwater Algae collected in Minne-
sota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896; American Algae. Cent.
Il. no. 194. 18096. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24.
no, 1153. 1904. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 21, 22.

Plant mass a bright green scum, floating in vast strata on freshwater
pools, presenting to the naked eye a finely granular appearance, when dried
appearing like a crust of verdigris; colonies spherical or elongate, solid,
soon becoming saccate and clathrate; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical,
very numerous embedded in a colorless integument.

United States. Often floating in large strata as a glaucous green scum
on fresh water pools. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Horn Pond, Woburn.
(Farlow). Spot Pond, Stoneham; forming a floating scum on Middle
Reservoir. Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common, at times
abundant. (Bennett). Mashapaug Pond, Providence. October 1892. (Oster-
hout). New York. Brooklyn water supply. (Jelliffe). Minnesota.
Covering surface of lake in sheltered bays and around edges, sometimes
to a depth of three inches. In decaying forms a milky white, ill-smelling
scum. Long Lake, Hennepin County. September 1895. (Shaver and Tilden).
On bottom at edge of lake in very small round bunches or flat patches,
fragile. Como Park, St. Paul. August 1895. (Tilden). Halsted’s Bay,
Lake Minnetonka. November 1906. (Hill). Minneapolis city water (Cor-
bett). Iowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey). East Okoboji Lake. October 1904.
(Buchanan). Washington, Floating in Green Lake. Seattle. December
1903. (Gardner). ‘

“The smallest fronds met with are usually roundish or ellipsoidal.
When quite young they appear to be solid, but as they grow by the multi-
plication of the internal cells and the secretion of gelatinous matter, the

38 Minnesota Algae

expansion takes place chiefly near the periphery, so that the frond be-
comes a hollow body. The walls of the sac then give way, and, as the
expansion proceeds, orifices are formed in different parts, until the whole
becomes a coarsely latticed sac or clumsy net of irregularly lobed form.
Then this becomes broken up into irregular fragments of all shapes and
sizes each of which recommences the expanding growth, and becomes a
latticed frond.”’—Henfrey.

90. Clathrocystis robusta Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atit-
lan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Wash. 21: 94. 1908.
Colony when young dense, spherical, surrounded by a gelatinous tegu-
ment, later perforate, clathrate or broken up into elongate rounded lobes;
tegument tardily deliquescent, finally wholly dissolving, leaving a densely
cohering mass of cells; cells 6-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or oval; cell con-
tents (in formalin) bright blue-green.

Central America. Forming a flocculent bright blue-green scum on sur-
face of water. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. February 1906. (Meek).

Genus GOMPHOSPHAERIA Kuetz.
Alg. Exsice. Dec. 16. no. 151. 1836.

Colonies spherical or ellipsoid, mucous, solid, free-swimming; tegument
colorless or yellowish, usually thick, soon diffluent; cells pear-shaped or
heart-shaped, rarely somewhat spherical, grouped in pairs, few in num-
_bers, disposed chiefly towards the periphery of the tegument; cell con-
tents often granular, bluish or greenish; reproduction by cell division
alternately in three directions,

I Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length G. aponina
II Cells 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical; cell contents pinkish or brown-
ish G. rosea

gi. Gomphosphaeria aponina Kuetzing. Alg. Exsicc. Dec. 16. no. 151. 1836.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 97. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae United States. 328 pl. 210. f. 20-22. 1887.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martin-
dale, Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae col-
lected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894; List of
Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies.
600. 1896; American Algae Cent. III. no. 300. 1898. Lemmermann.
Planktonalgen Ergebn. einer Reise. n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16:
313. 1899. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899.
Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901, Snow. The Plankton Algae of
Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Commission Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell
and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:
180. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 616,
1905. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Clark.
The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala.

Myxophyceae 39

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae
of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 23-28,

Colonies 50-90 mic. in diameter, spherical or nearly spherical, blue-
green often becoming pale; tegument colorless, rather thick, lamellose;
individual sheaths colorless; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 8-12 mic. in length,
pear-shaped or club-shaped, stalked, surrounded by individual sheaths;
stalks thick, broad, gelatinous; cell contents not showing vacuoles, blue-
green, sometimes green or orange.

United States. Frequent in small pools. (Wolle). Rhode Island.
Providence. (Bennett). New Jersey. In ponds and pools. (Wolle).
Ohio, Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Brush Lake, Champaign
County. (Riddle). Minnesota. Pool near Lake Kilpatrick. July 1893. (Bal-
lard). In tank in Botanical laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minne-
apolis. October 1895; in covered tank. Zoological laboratory. University

of Minnesota, Minneapolis. April 1898. (Tilden). Iowa. Found only
once. Stagnant pool. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan). Nebraska. In
aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey). Washington, Floating intermingled with

other algae in brackish waters. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). California.
Near Los Angeles. (Monk). Central America. Lake Amatitlan, Guate-
mala. (Meek). Hawaii. Among marine algae. Island of Laysan.
(Schauinsland).

Var. cordiformis Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club
9: 25. 1882. Bot. Notiser. 61. 1882. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 98. 1907.

Colonies 60 mic. in diameter; cells 6-13 mic. in diameter, 9-16 mic. in
length, usually numerous.

Pennsylvania. Small ponds near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

92. Gomphosphaeria rosea (Snow) Lemmermann. Algae. Krypt. der
Mark Brandenburg. 3: 80. 1907.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for
1902, 22: 387, 300, 392. pl. 4. £. 17. 1903. (Coelosphaerium roseum).

Colonies 35-52 mic. in diameter, spherical; tegument thin, gelatinous,
cells 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, spherical, without individual sheaths, stalked;
stalks, gelatinous, dichotomously branched; cell contents pinkish or brown-
ish.

Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).

Genus Coelosphaerium Naeg. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 54. 1849.

Colonies spherical, mucous, hollow, free-swimming, containing many
small cells; tegument mucous, soon confluent; cells globose, elliptical or
ovoid, arranged just within the periphery of the tegument; cell contents
granular, with gas vacuoles; reproduction by cell division, at first in one
direction, afterwards alternately in three directions.

I Colonies 30-90 mic. in diameter; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter
C. kuetzingianum

II Colonies about 150 mic. in diameter; cells 5-7 mic. in diameter
C. dubium

40 Minnesota Algae

93. Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 54. pl. I. C.
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 100. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 224, 1883. Camp-
bell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 327. pl. 210. f. 16. 1887. Arthur. Some
Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Fourth Bien, Rep. Bd.
Regents Univ. of Minn. Suppl. 1. Rep. Dept. Agric. Univ. of Minn. 103.
1887. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 692. 1884.
Bennett, Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Collins, Algae of Middlesex
County. 16. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of
Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Survey. N. J. 2: 611. 1889. Trelease.
The “Working” of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis.-Acad. Sci. Arts and Let-
ters. 7: 122, 1889. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex
Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan
Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 53. 1899. . Fanning. Observations on
the Algae of the St. Paul city water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 612. pl. 45. fig.
24. 1901. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902.
Nelson. Observations upon some Algae which cause “Water Bloom.”
Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56. pl. 14. 1903. Snow. The Plankton Algae of
Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins.
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905.
Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Towa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 29.

Colonies 30-90 mic. in diameter, spherical; tegument colorless, thin,
gelatinous, soon diffluent; cells 2-5 mic. in diameter, subspherical, oval
or elongated, in twos or fours or finally irreguarly arranged; cell con-
tents finely granular, blue-green.

United States. In ponds and pools; stagnant waters. (Wolle).
Massachusetts. Framingham. 1883. (Farlow). Scattered or as a scum on
Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells; forming a dense scum on Winchester Reser-
voir, Winchester. October 1898. (Collins). Connecticut. On moist rocks.
Sage’s Ravine, below first falls, Twin Lakes, Salisbury. October. (Holden).
Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). New Jersey. On stagnant pools.
(Wolle). Ohio. Sandusky Bay. (Riddle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near
the mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minne-
sota. Lake Sakatah and Lake Tetonka, Waterville. (Porter). St. Paul city
_ water. (Fanning). Iowa. “A frequent alga in many permanent ponds,
often floating in considerable quantities in the lakes.” South Gar Lake,
Dickinson County; Hewitt’s Pond, Eagle Grove; margin of slough. Eagle
Grove. 1904. (Buchanan).

94. Coelosphaerium dubium Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 55.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 102. 1907.
Wood. Contr, Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 13. 1872.
Colonies about 150 mic. in diameter, irregular or sometimes spherical,
mucous, free-swimming; tegument colorless, thick; cells 5-7 mic. in diame-
ter, spherical; cell contents with gas vacuoles, blue-green.

Myxophyceae 41

‘Pennsylvania. Forming a dense scum on a stagnant brick pond, near
Philadelphia. July. “The scum was of the color of ‘pea-soup’ and so thick
was it, that I think a quart of the plants might have been readily gathered.”
(Wood).

Genus COELOSPHAERIOPSIS Lemmermann.
Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: 352. 1899.

Colonies spherical, gelatinous, hollow; families clustered; cells spherical
or elongate, arranged in a single peripheral layer; reproduction by cell
‘division.

65. Coelosphaeriopsis halophila Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergeb.
einer Reise n. d. Pacific. Abh. Nat. Bremen. 16: 353. pl. 2. f. 25, 26,
1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 616. pl. 7. £. 19-21.
1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 103. 1907.

Plate II. fig. 30.

Colonies 30-500 mic. in diameter, spherical, gelatinous; cells 6 mic. in
diameter, 6-9 mic. in length, spherical or elongate.

Hawaii. In salt lagoon. Island of Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Genus TETRAPEDIUM Reinsch.
Algenfl. von Franken. 37. 1867.

Cells solitary or occurring in families of from 2-16 each, compressed,
quadrangular or triangular, equilateral, becoming subdivided into quadrate
or wedge-shaped segments or rounded lobes, either by deep vertical or
oblique incisions or by wide angular or rounded sinuses; cell contents blue-
green; reproduction by cell division. (Single cells break apart by the in-
cisions into four daughter cells each, the daughter cells after division
forming separate individuals. The direction of the incisions is either per-
pendicular to the lateral margin or bisects the angles.)

96. Tetrapedium trigonum. W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater
Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 277. pl. 16.
f, 8. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 113. 1907.
Plate II. fig. 31.
Cells 3.6x 7.2 mic., triangular, with concave sides and somewhat rotund
angles, elliptical in side view; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.
West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River, St. Vincent. May
1892. (Elliott).

Genus MERISMOPEDIUM Meyen
in Wiegmann Archiv. 2: 67. 1839.

Colonies flat, rectangular, free-floating; tegument somewhat thick, con-
fluent; cells spherical, before division oblong, arranged in a rectilinear
series in a single layer; cell contents usually without gas vacuoles, blue-

42 Minnesota Algae

green, rarely violet, rose-pink or red; reproduction by division of the cells
in two directions.

I Cells 5-7 mic. in diameter, 6-9 mic, in length.
1 Colonies 30 mic. in diameter; cells 5 mic. in diameter, somewhat
spherical; cell contents blue-green or violet. M. aerugineum
2 Cells spherical or oblong M. elegans
3 Cells oval M. novum
JI Cells 3-6 mic. in diameter.
1 Colonies 45-150 mic. in diameter; cells spherical or oval
M. glaucum
2 Colonies large, more or less convolute; cells spherical or oblong
M. convolutum
TII Cells 1.3-2 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical M. tenuissimum

97. Merismopedium aerugineum Brébisson in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472.
1849; Tab. Phyc. 5: 13. pl. 38. f. 8. 1855. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 107.
1907.
Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42.
3. 1897.

Plate II. fig. 32.

Plant mass somewhat limited, nearly colorless; colonies 30 mic. in
diameter, 35-68 mic. in length, composed of from 4 to 64 cells; cells 5 mic.
in diameter, somewhat spherical, crowded; cell contents blue-green.

Greenland. Umanak. (Vanhéffen).

Var. violaceum Rabenhorst. Die Algen Sachsens. no. 857. 1859. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 107. 1907.

Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Til-
den. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn.
Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894.

Cells very much crowded; cell contents violet.

Wisconsin. Trout-mere. Osceola. October 1893. (MacMillan.) Ne-
braska. Quite common in stagnant ponds about Thedford, forming violet
or purplish slimy masses sometimes reaching the size of one’s hand. (Saun-
ders).

98. Merismopedium elegans A. Braun in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472. 1840.
De Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 104. 1907.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for
1902. 22: 392. 1903. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 33.

Colonies at first mucous, more or less limited, colorless, later be-
coming membranaceous, expanded, containing from 64 to 1856 cells, green-
ish; families quadrate, finally not distinctly limited; cells 5-7 mic. in diame-
ter, 6-9 @ic. in length, spherical or oblong; cell contents pale blue-green.

Myxophyceae 43

Chio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Iowa. Slough bot-
tom. Eagle Grove. 1904. (Buchanan).

09. Merismopedium novum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae. N. A.
14. pl. 8. f. 8. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 105. 1907.

Plate II. fig. 34.

Colonies membranaceous, distinctly limited, with straight and entire
margin, composed of very numerous cells; families containing usually six-
teen cells; cells up to 6 mic. in diameter, oval, sometimes constricted in
the middle, closely approximated; cell contents light bluish green.

Pennsylvania. Growing adherent to or entangled in, a lot of filamen-
tous algae. Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia. (Wood).

Without a doubt this species is identical with M. elegans.

too. Merismopedium glaucum (Ehrenberg) Naegeli. Gatt. Einz. Alg. 55. pl.
1 D. f. 1. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 105. 1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvi-
censibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 3. 1878. Campbell. Plants of the
Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water
Algae United States. 326. pl. 210. f. 12-15. 1887. Bennett. Plants of
Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of Algae col-
lected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890.
Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 16. pl. 1. f. 5. 1894.
Jelliffe. A Further Contribution to the Microscopical Examination of the
Brooklyn Water Supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 8: 592. 1894. Tilden. List of
I'resh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies.
I: 31. 1894. Fanning. Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul city
water. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 612. pl. 45. 1901. Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 953. 1902. Riddle. Algae from
Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sand-
wich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 617. 1905. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio
Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and
Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908. Buchanan.
Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 35.

Colonies 45-150 mic. in diameter, more or less limited, with slightly sin-
uate-crenate margin, light blue-green or glaucous green; cells 3-6 mic. in
diameter, spherical or oval; cell contents pale blue-green or olive green.

Canada. High Park, Toronto, Ontario. (Mackenzie). United States.
Not infrequent in ponds or sluggish waters. (Wolle). Maine. In a
scum on a small artificial pond. Pogy Oil Factory. Round Pond. 16 July
1901. (Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop). New York.
Brooklyn water supply. (Jelliffe). Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County;
Sandusky Bay (Riddle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the
Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minnesota. Peat-bog near
Lake Kilpatrick, July 1893. (Ballard). St. Paul city water. (Fanning).
Iowa. Floating in the quiet waters of ponds. Ames. 1884. (M. nova).
(Bessey). Grinnell; Fayette. (Fink). Eagle Grove. Hewitt’s Pond. 1904.

44 Minnesota Algae

(Buchanan). Nebraska. Ponds and sluggish water. Not uncommon.
(Saunders). California. In a small spring near San Pablo. September
1902. (Gardner). Central America. Only one specimen noted, “Amatit-

lan in 85 ft. water, towed in about 75 to 65, February 1, 1906, at middle
of upper part of lake.” (Meek). Hawaii. Island of Hawaii. (Berggren).
Var. fontinale Hansg. Phys. und. Algol. Mittheil IV. 98. 1890. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 106. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 24. no. 1156. 1904.

Colonies 45 mic. in diameter, gelatinous, containing 8-64 cells; cells
2.5-3 mic. in diameter, approximate, densely aggregated; cell contents
distinctly granular, pale blue-green.

California, On sandy ground. Lake Merced, San Francisco. (Gardner).

101. Merismopedium convolutum Brébisson in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 472.
1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 108. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 15. 1872.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 326. pl. 210. f. 14, 1887. . Bennett. Plants
of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 611. 1880.
Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine—III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
1Q: 124. 1892. Bessey. Additions to the reported Flora of Nebraska made
during 1893. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 3: 5. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-
Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water
Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894.
Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1154. 1904. Riddle.
Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in
Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908.

Plate II. fig. 36.

Coijonies 1-4 mm. in diameter (visible to the naked eye), composed of
very numerous cells, membranaceous, subfoliaceous, more or less convolute,
greenish, bluish or yellowish; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, 4-8 mic. in length,
spherical ors oblong; cell contents blue-green or yellowish.

United States. Shallow pools, forming a distinct layer upon the muddy
bottom, or separating and then floating on the surface. (Wolle). Maine.
Attached to spruce logs floating in the Penobscot River. Orono. October
1890. (Harvey). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). New Jersey.
Frequent in ponds. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. “Making a distinct green
layer upon the mud many feet in extent.” In a very shallow, quiet, but
fresh pool. Spring Mills, near Philadelphia. (Wood). Ohio. Brush
Lake, Champaign County; Sandusky Bay (Riddle). Indiana. Faris Pond,
Bloomington. February 1907 (Brown). Minnesota. Peat-bog near Lake
Kilpatrick. July 1893. (Ballard). Nebraska. At the bottom of pools ‘or
floating upon the surface. (Saunders). South Bend. (Bessey). Cali-
fornia, Floating all through the water in such abundance as to give it a
bluish color. In Stone Lake. Golden Gate Park. San Francisco. August
1903. (Gardner.)

Myxophyceae 45

102. Merismopedium tenuissimum Lemmermann. Beitr. Kenntn. Plank-
tonalgen. Bot. Centralb. 76: 154. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
108. 1907.

Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for
1902, 22: 392. 1903.

Plate II. fig. 37.

Colonies quadrangular, free-floating, containing sixteen cells; cells
1.3-2 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical, crowded; cell contents pale
bluish green.

Ohio, Plankton, Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow).

Genus EUCAPSIS Clements and Shantz.
Minn. Bot. Studies. 4: 134. 1909.

Colonies cubical, usually consisting of 32-128 cells, but ranging from
8-512 cells, free-floating; tegument uniform, colorless, gelatinous; cells
spherical, sometimes elliptical or flattened by mutual pressure, forming
cubical families; cell contents finely granular, blue-green; reproduction by
cell division in three planes.

103. Eucapsis alpina Clements and Shantz. Minn. Bot. Studies. 4: 134. 1909.
Plate II. fig. 38-40.
Colonies 30-80 mic. in diameter, usually containing 32-128 cells, cubical,
free-floating; tegument colorless; cells 6-7 mic. in diameter, spherical, more
rarely elliptic, in cubical families; cell contents blue-green.

Colorado. Alpine pond on Bald Mountain (12,000 feet). September
1904. (Shantz).

Genus ONCOBYRSA Agardh in Flora. 10: 629. 1827.

Colonies cushion-like, hard, leathery, adherent; sheaths thick, gelat-
inous, confluent; cells spherical or elongated, usually regularly arranged
in radial rows; cell contents blue-green or violet.

I Cells pale blue-green, sometimes violet O. rivularis
JI Cells bright blue-green O. cesatiana

104. Oncobyrsa rivularis (Kuetzing) Meneghini. Monogr. Nostoch. Ital. 96.
1846. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 114. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 555. 1899.
Colony almost spherical, very smooth, opaque, dull brownish-green;
tegument almost colorless, soon diffluent; cells 2-6 mic. in diameter, spher-
ical or polygonal, arranged in regular radial rows; cell contents blue-
green or violet.

United States, (Collins, Holden and Setchell).

105. Oncobyrsa cesatiana Rabenhorst. Fi. Eur. Algar. 2: 68. 1865. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 116. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 180. 1903.

46 Minnesota Algae

Plate II. fig. 41.

Colonies spherical, hard, solitary or in clusters, blue-green becoming
dark-colored; tegument confluent, colorless; cells 1.2-2.5 mic. in diameter,
3 mic. in length, spherical or oblong, somewhat seriate, crowded at the
periphery, few in the interior; cell contents homogeneous, light blue-green.

Alaska. Plentiful on water-moss in running fresh water. Near Iliuliuk,
Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).

Genus CHLOROGLOEA Wille. Algol. Notizen. I-VI. 5. pl. 1. 1900.

Colonies irregularly lobed; tegument thin, not lamellose; cells spherical
or oval, arranged in radiating series; reproduction by cell division in one
direction.

106. Chlorogloea tuberculosa (Hansgirg) Wille. Algol. Notizen. I-VI. 5.
pl. 1. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 118. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 382. 1900. (Pringsheimia
scutata cladophorae Tilden).

Plate II. fig. 42.

Colonies disc-shaped, epiphytic, greenish; cells 1-1.5 mic. in diameter,
2 mic. in length; ellipsoid, after division somewhat spherical.

Canada. On Cladophora in tide pool. Minnesota Seaside Station.
Vancouver Island, British Columbia. August 1898. (Tilden).

Family II. CHAMAESIPHONACEAE

Plants often showing a difference between basal and apical regions,
solitary or associated in families or colonies, usually epiphytic or attached
to shells; reproduction by cell division, by division of filaments into frag-
ments, or by means of non-motile gonidia formed by the division of the
contents of a mother cell or gonidangium.

I. Reproduction by cell division and by gonidia; cells usually united in
colonies

1 Colonies somewhat spherical or hemispherical, usually consisting of

several layers of cells Pleurocapsa
2 Colonies disc-shaped, usually consisting of a single layer of cells
Xenococcus
3 Colonies forming branched filaments Hyella

I] Reproduction by gonidia only
1 Gonidia formed by simultaneous division of the entire contents of
gonidangium Dermocarpa

2 Plants not usually united in colonies; gonidia formed by successive
constrictions of apical portion of contents of gonidangium
Chamaesiphon

Myxophyceae 47

Genus PLEUROCAPSA Thuret in Hauck.
Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands and Oesterreichs. 515. 1885.

Colonies usually crustaceous, made up of vegetative cells and gonidan-
gia; plants united in short filaments, parallel or scarcely distinct, radiating,
often dichotomously divided; cells spherical or angular, rarely oval or
polyhedral; cell contents blue-green, olive, yellowish or violet; gonidangia
furnished with thick sheaths, producing numerous, spherical gonidia; repro-
duction by cell divison in three directions, by division of filaments into
fragments, and by gonidia formed by division of the contents of a gon-
idangium. i
I Cells arranged in straight rows; growing in fresh water

Pl. concharum
TI Cells not arranged in straight rows
1 Growing in hot water; cells 4-6 mic. in diameter
Pl. caldaria
2 Growing in salt water

(1) Cells 5-20 mic. in diameter; cell contents golden yellow, fawn-

colored or dull violet Pl. fuliginosa

(2) Cells 10-13 mic. in diameter; cell contents violet

Pl, amethystea

(3) Cells up to 15 mic. in diameter; cell contents dull blue or slate

color Pl. crepidinum

107. Pleurocapsa concharum Flansgirg. Phys. und Alg. Mittheil. pl. 1.
f. 11-15. 1890. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 122. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 22. no. 1051. 1903.

Colonies minute; tegument moderately thin, colorless; cells 4-17 mic.
in diameter, 4-34 mic. in length, spherical, oval, ellipsoid or angular from
mutual pressure, united into short, often irregularly dichotomous filaments
of four to ten cells each, or into somewhat spherical masses; cell contents
very finely granular, dull bluish or olive green; gonidangia 12-20 mic. in
diameter, containing 8-32 gonidia; gonidia 3-4 mic. in diameter, spherical.

California. On shells. Mountain Lake. San Francisco. June 1902. (Oster-
‘hout and Gardner).

108. Pleurocapsa caldaria (Tilden) Setchell in Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 8513. 1901. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 123. 1907.

Tilden. Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot.
Gaz. 25: 94. pl. 8. £. 18 1808; American Algae. Cent. III. no. 283. 1808.
(Protococcus botryoides f. caldaria Tilden); American Al-
gae. Cent. II. no. 198. 1896; Bot. Gaz. 25: 104. pl. 8. f. 21. 1898. (Chroococ-
cus varius A. Br.)

Plate III. fig. 1.

Plant mass pale or yellowish green; sheaths thin, homogeneous, hyaline;

48 Minnesota Algae

cells 4-6 mic, in diameter, spherical, usually solitary; cell contents homo-
geneous, pale green.

Wyoming. On bottom of spring. Temperature 38° C. Frying Pan
Basin, July 1896; on rocks, near vent of geyser, sometimes heated, Nor-
ris Geyser Basin. June 1896; with Microspora amoenathermalis,
lying in overflow from spring. Temperature 41° C. Frying Pan Basin. July
1896. Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden). Forming a green coating on
floor of overflow channel. Temperature 49° C. Coristant Geyser. Norris
Geyser Basin; in acid waters, Green Spring, between Norris Geyser Basin
and Beaver Lake. 1897. Yellowstone National Park. (Weed). California.
Forming an emerald green, rather thick coating on steaming rocks above
the “Devil’s Kitchen,’ Geysers. Sonoma County. June 1900. (Setchell and
Hunt).

“Clearly a member of the Cyanophyceae and forming a limited number
(4) of schizospores (gonidia) which seem to relate it most closely to the
genus Pleurocapsa.”—Setchell.

109. Pleurocapsa fuliginosa Hauck. Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands und
Oesterreichs. 515. f. 231. 1885. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 122. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 18: 335. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
3. no. Ior. 1895. Setchell, Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythaea. 7:
54. 1899. Collins, Holden, Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 704.
1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—
I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate III. fig. 2, 3.

Colonies thin, crustaceous, blackish; families 50-100 mic. in diameter;
sheaths colorless; cells 5-20 mic. in diameter, solitary or united in families
of twos, fours or eights; cell contents homogeneous, golden yellow, fawn-
colored or dull violet.

Massachusetts. Forming a very thin reddish or brownish-black coating
on rocks- near high water mark. Marblehead. (Collins). Rhode Island.
(Collins). Connecticut. On Enteromorpha and stones between
tides. Below Yellow Mill Bridge. May, August, November, December.
(Holden). In dark patches on stones and woodwork, also epiphytic on
Enteromorpha, mostly near high water mark. Bridgeport. December
1893. (Holden). California. Forming a smooth black covering on smooth
rocks, at high water mark in exposed places. Carmel Bay, Monterey Coun-
ty. January 1899. (Setchell and Gibbs). On piles of wharf at the Life
Saving Station at the Presidio; on old timbers. Alameda. (Setchell).

Collins states that when the cells cease to divide, the contents change
into small round gonidia (“Spores”).

110. Pleurocapsa amethystea Kolderup-Rosenvinge. Groenlands Haval-
ger. Medd. om Groenland. 3: 967. fig. 57. 1803; Les Algues
Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19:. 163. fig.
57. 1804. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5. 121. 1907.

Myxophyceae 49

Boérgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the
Arctic Sea and of the northernmost part of the Atlantic. Bot. Faeroes.
App. XXV. 1905.

Plate III. fig. 4.

Colonies 45 mic. or more in diameter, somewhat spherical or hemi-
spherical, dark violet in color; cells 10-13 mic. in diameter, hemispherical,
angular, depressed or somewhat spherical, at first solitary afterwards aggre-
gated; gonidia 1-2 mic. in diameter.

Greenland. On the surface of Rhizoclonium riparium val-
idum. Littoral zone. Fiskernas. (Rosenvinge). East and west portions.
(Borgesen and Jonsson).

111. Pleurocapsa crepidinum Collins. Notes on Algae. III. Rhodora.
136, Igor. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 121. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1157. 1904.

Cells up to 15 mic. in diameter, spherical or by mutual pressure polyg-
onal, often remaining attached in dense masses after dividing; cell con-
tents dull blue or slate color; gonidangia spherical, filled with small go-
nidia.

Maine. Occurring sparingly in a coating composed of several minute
algae, on the woodwork of an old wharf. Otter Creek, Mount Desert. July
1900. (Collins). Massachusetts. On Balani and rocks. Magnolia Point.
September 1903. (Farlow).

Genus XENOCOCCUS Thuret. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 6. 1875.

Colonies disc-shaped or crustaceous, attached; cells somewhat spherical,
or angular with rounded apices, crowded, forming a parenchymatous, one-
celled layer, later several cells in thickness; tegument colorless or yellow-
ish; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green or violet; reproduction by cell
division in three directions or by means of gonidia developed in large
peripheral cells; gonidia usually spherical, sometimes 32 developed in a
gonidangium.

I Colonies disc-shaped, composed of one layer of cells; tegument sur-

rounding base of cells; cells 3-4 mic. in diameter, 5.5-7 mic. long, pear-
shaped. X. laysanensis

II Colonies spherical, solitary or confluent and completely surrounding
the filaments of the host; cells 4-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or flattened.
X. schousboei

III Colonies irregularly expanded, one or several layers in thickness;
cells 4-6 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length. X. kerneri

112. Xenococcus laysanensis Lemmermann Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 618. pl. 8. f. 11-12. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 134.
1907.
Plate III. fig. 5, 6.

Colonies epiphytic, disc-shaped, pseudo-parenchymatous, composed of

50 Minnesota Algae

one layer of cells; tegument hyaline, mucous, surrounding base of cells;
cells 3-4 mic. in diameter at apex, 5.5-7 mic. long, pear-shaped, ae
crowded; cell contents bluish green.

Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan Island. 1896-97. Siadiaddy,

I13. Xenococcus schousboei Thuret in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algol.
2: 74. pl. 26. f. 1, 2. 1880. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 133. 1907.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in
New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 612. 1889. Martindale. Marine Algae of
the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr.
Bot. Club. 1: 89. 1889. Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae
V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 335. 1891. (Dermocarpa schousboei).
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fase. 12. no. 554. 1899.
Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. JIJ. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899. Collins. Pre-
liminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43.
1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. IQ0I;
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Collins, Holden, Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 554. 1899.

Plate III. fig. 7.

Colonies spherical, solitary and scattered, or grouped in confluent
masses which completely surround the filaments of the host, green or
bright blue in color; cells 4-9 mic. in diameter, spherical or flattened by
mutual pressure; cell contents light bluish-green.

Maine. (Collins). Connecticut. On Chantransia, Sphace-
laria, Rhodochorton. Seaside Park; Black Rock; Fresh Pond;
June, July, December. (Holden). Massachusetts. On Rhodochor-
ton rothii and Rhizoclonium riparium, Nahant. (Collins).
New Jersey. Growing on Lyngbya. Atlantic City. (Martindale). Cal-
ifornia. On Calothrix crustacea, which forms a black velvety coat-
ing on smooth rocks near high water mark. Carmel Bay, Monterey County.
January 1899. (Setchell and Gibbs). West Indies. On Spermotham-
nion. Kingston. Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

114. Xenococcus kerneri Hansgirg. Phys. und Alg. Studien. III. pl.
1. f. 19. 1887. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 134. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 952. 1902.
Lemmermann. Ueber die von Herrn Dr. Walter Volz auf seiner Weltreise
gesammelten Siisswasseralgen. Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem. 18: Collins. Notes
on Algae,—VI. Rhodora 5: 234. 1903. Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich-
Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.

Plate III. fig. 8.

Colonies irregularly expanded, usually one layer of cells in thickness,
crustaceous, about 6-9 mic. in thickness, rarely of several layers, nodulose,
rough, 9-30 mic. in thickness; tegument thick, inconspicuously lamellose,
colorless; cells usually 4-6 mic. in diameter, 4-9 mic. in length, with rounded
apices; cell contents dull blue-green or violet; gonidia about 3 mic. in

Myxophyceae 51

diameter, spherical, usually as many as 32 developed in marginal goni-
dangia.

Massachusetts. On old plants of Cladophora in upper tide pool, rocky
shore. Cohasset. October 1901. (Collins). Hawaii. Ditches and marshes,
between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).

Genus HYELLA Borneé and Flahault. Journ. de Bot. 162. 1888.

Colonies radiately expanded, orbicular, composed of two kinds of fila-
ments; primary filaments horizontal, tangled, twisted, finally becoming
a very densely woven felty mass; secondary filaments vertical, developed
from primary; branching true; tegument septate, thicker at base of fila-
ment, narrower above; cells disconnected, not joined in chains, lower ones
short, sometimes divided longitudinally, upper ones longer; reproduction
by means of vegetative cells set free from tegument and by means of
gonidia formed in gonidangia by successive division of contents.

I Colonies yellowish or olive, at first forming minute patches or dots,

later becoming membranaceous or cushion-shaped; erect filaments usually

parallel; vegetative cells usually 5-6, sometimes up to Io mic. in diameter.
H. caespitosa

TI Colonies immersed in substance of shell, brownish-gray or bright blue;
vegetative cells 5-10 mic. in diameter H. fontana

115. Hyella caespitosa Bornet and Flahault. Note sur deux nouveaux
Genres d’Algues perforantes. Journ. de Bot. 2: 162, 1888; Sur quel-
ques Plantes vivant dans le Test Calcaire des Mollusques. Bull.
Soc. Bot. France. 36: CLXV. pl. 10. f. 7-9; pl. 11, 1889. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 125. 1907.

Collins, Algae.—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island,
Maine. 249. 1804. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
7. no. 302. 1897. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7:
54. 1899. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England plants,—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Hol-
den,—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate III. fig. 9-11.

Colonies at first forming minute patches or dots, later becoming mem-
branaceous or cushion-shaped, 1-2 mm. wide, yellowish, olive or brown-
ish, for a time mucous, fleshy; erect filaments usually parallel, about Io
mic. in diameter, 100-200 mic. long; tegument simple, gelatinous, colorless;
vegetative cells usually 5-6, rarely up to 10 mic. in diameter, somewhat
globose or angular, associated in filaments, sometimes irregularly branched;
cell contents yellowish-olive, rarely olive to bluish-green.

Canada. In oyster shells. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island, (Faull).
Maine, In dead shells. Spectacle Island, Penobscot Bay. July 1894; growing
in the substance of dead shells. Seal Harbor. (Collins). Rhode Island.
(Collins). Connecticut. In shells. June, August. (Holden). Massachu-
setts, (Collins). California, On shells of the eastern oyster (Ostraea
virginiana). Probably introduced. Bay Farm Island, Alameda. (Setch-
ell).

52 Minnesota Algae

116. Hyella fontana Huber and Jadin. Sur une nouvelle Algue per-
forante d’eau douce. Journ. de Bot. 6: 285. pl. 11, 1892. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 126. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 303. 1897.
Collins, Some perforating and other Algae on freshwater shells. Erythea. 5:
95. 1897.

Plate III. fig. 12.

Colonies immersed in substance of sheli, dark gray or bright blue,
often very dense and then through division of cells having the aspect of
Chroococcus, or loosely branched; integument almost invisible; vegetative
cells 5-I0 mic. in diameter, two to four times shorter than wide; gon-
idangia usually larger and more nearly spherical than the vegetative cells.

Connecticut. In shells in company with Plectonematerebrans,
Gomontia holdenii. Twin lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield county. Au-
gust 1895. (Setchell and Holden).

“Scattered through the shells, sometimes in rather dense, chroococ-
coidal masses, sometimies in loosely branching filaments.”—Collins.

Genus DERMOCARPA Crouan.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 9: 70. 1858.

Colonies usually epiphytic, forming a somewhat indefinite layer; cells
spherical, egg-shaped, pear-shaped, oval or oblong, solitary or united in
a layer; cell contents usually blue-green or violet; reproduction by means
of gonidia formed by simultaneous division of contents of the gonidangium;
gonidangia oval or elongate, dissolving at apex to allow the scape of the
gonidia.

I Cells somewhat oval or oblong, not contracted at base to form a stalk.
1 Cell contents blue-green, green, olive or brown D. prasina
2 Cell contents rose-colored or violet
(1) Cells 4-5 mic. in diameter D. rosea
(2) Cells 8-28 mic. in diameter D. violacea

II Cells contracted at base to form a stalk.
1 Colonies dark violet-brown; cells 18-25 mic. in diameter, 40-60 mic. in

length D. fucicola
2 Colonies irregularly outlined; cells 85-11 mic. in diameter, 16.5-33.5
mic. in length D. smaragdinus

3 Colonies minute; cells 9.5-17 mic. in diameter, 13-25 mic. in length
D. olivaceus
4 Cells 18-24 mic. in diameter, 17-24 mic. in length
D. leibleiniae
var. pelagica

117. Dermocarpa prasina (Reinsch) Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algolo-
gique. 2: 73-77. pl. 26. f. 6-9, 1880. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 128.
1907.

Myxophyceae 53

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 18: 335. 1891; Algae——Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert
Island, Maine. 249. 1804. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 1. no. 1. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—
V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Saunders, The Algae. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 307. 1901. Setchell and
Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. of Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182.
1903.

Plate III. fig. 13-15.

Colonies forming a cushion-like expansion of a somewhat spherical
mass; sheaths delicate; cells, 4-24 mic. in diameter, 15-30 mic. in length,
cylindrical-oblong, club-shaped or spatulate, closely packed, laterally com-
pressed; cell contents homogeneous, deep blue-green or green, becoming
bluish, olive or brownish; gonidia arranged in a single row in the small
cylindrical gonidangia or in several rows in the larger gonidangia.

Alaska, Abundant on Sphacelaria. From Puget Sound to the
Shumagin Islands. (Saunders). New England. Grows quite abundantly
in spring on the coast, on the older part of the fronds of Polysiphonia
fastigiata. (Collins). Maine. On Polysiphonia fastigiata.
Negr Seal Harbor. (Collins). Connecticut. (Collins). Massachusetts.
On Polysiphonia fastigiata, between tides. Little Nahant. April
1891. (Setchell). Rhode Island. (Collins).

118. Dermocarpa (?) rosea (Reinsch) Batters. Marine Algae of Berwich.
141. 1889. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol. et Fungol. 1: 18. pl. 26. f. 4.
a-c. 1875. (Sphaenosiphon roseus Reinsch). De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 130. 1907.
Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 61. 1881.

Plate III. fig. 16-18.

Colonies 2-5 cm. in diameter, indefinitely expanded; tegument thick,
gelatinous, hyaline, surrounding the cells; individual sheaths distinct, some-
what thick; cells 4-5 mic. in diameter, ovoid-elliptical, loosely arranged;
cell contents homogeneous, rose-colored.

Newfoundland. On zoophytes. Coast of Labrador. (Reinsch).

119. Dermocarpa violacea Crouan. Note sur quelques Algues Marines
nouvelles de la rade de Brest. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. IV. 9: 7o. pl.
3. f. 2. A-D. 1858. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 129, 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 556. 1899.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—V. Marine Algae. Rho-
dora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plate III. fig. 19-21.

Colonies indefinitely expanded or forming patches, rose-red; sheaths
thin; cells 8-28 mic. in diameter, oval to wedge-shaped; cell contents rose-
red to violet.

New England. On Enteromorpha intestinalis. In company
with Lyngbya lutea, Amphithrix violacea, etc. (Collins).

54 Minnesota Algae

Rhode Island. On Enteromorpha intestinalis. Easton’s Point,
Newport. September 1898. (Simmons).

120. Dermocarpa fucicola Saunders in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. no. 801. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 129. 1907.
Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 3: 397. pl. 46. f. 4, 5. Igo1. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 181. 1903. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1251. 1905.

Plate III. fig. 22, 23.

Colonies 2-12 mm. in diameter, forming orbicular or irregular patches
which become confluent into irregular masses of indefinite extent, dark
yiolet-brown in color; cells 18-25 mic. in diameter, 40-60 mic. in length,
“ovate, clavate or spatulate, much narrowed below; gonidia abundant.

Alaska. On Fucus. Puget Sound. (Saunders). Canada. North of
Oak Bay, Victoria, British Columbia. July 1898. (Tilden). Washington.
On Iridaea laminarioides. Minnesota reef. San Juan Island, 1808.
(Tilden). On Gelidium. East Sound, Orcas Island, Washington. (Gard-
ner.) On Fucus, Gigartina, Odonthalia, Amphiroa, West
shore of Whidbey Island, Washington. (Gardner). On Fucus evanes-
cens macrocephalus. Near Seattle. June 1899. (Saunders). Cal-
ifornia. On Gelidium, middle littoral. Point Carmel. Monterey County.
3 June 1901. (Setchell).

“The present species occurs along the western coast of North America
from Puget Sound to Monterey, California, and grows on all sorts of algae.
In its younger and purely vegetative condition, the patches are small and
the cells are long and narrow, 4-8 mic. broad and up to 28 mic. high, of
equal breadth throughout. Soon they begin to broaden above giving
them something of a pear-shape. In this condition they correspond closely
to the description and figures given by Sauvageau (1895, p. 8 pl. 7. f. 2, 3.)
of his D. biscayensis.”

“Sauvageau’s specimens, which grew on Sargassum, do not show
conidia, but our specimens show that when the cells proceed to this condi-
tion, they become still more swollen in the upper part, while the lower
part remains narrow, resembling a sort of stipe. In conidial condition the
cells measure 60-65 mic. in height and 25-35 mic. in diameter. * * * We
believe that when fruiting specimens can be compared, that this species
will bé found to be identical with D. biscayensis Sauvageau.”—Setchell.

121. Dermocarpa smaragdinus (Reinsch) nob. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol.
et Fungol. 1: 16. pl. 25. f. 4. 1875. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 131.
1907. (Sphaenosiphon smaragdinus Reinsch).

Farlow. Marine Algae. New England. 61. 1881
Plate III. fig. 24, 25.

Colonies irregularly outlined; sheaths thick; cells 85-11 mic. in diam-
eter, 16.5-33.5 mic. in length, pear-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped, rounded
at the apex, prolonged at the base into a hyaline stalk about 2 mic. in diam-
eter; cell contents slightly granular, deep bluish-green (smaragdinus).

Myxophyceae 55

Canada, On Polysiphonia. Lawrence River, Anticosti Island.
(Reinsch). Newfoundland. On Plocamium coccineum., Labrador.
(Reinsch).

122, Dermocarpa olivaceus (Reinsch) nob. Reinsch. Contrib. Algol. et
Fungol. 1: 17. pl. 27. f. 2. 1875. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 132.
1907. (Sphaenosiphon olivaceus Reinsch).

Farlow. Marine Algae New England. 61. 1881.
Plate III. fig. 26, 27.

Colonies minute, expanded or somewhat hemispherical; sheaths thick,
lamellose; cells 9.5-17 mic. in diameter, 13-25 mic. in length, pear-shaped
or wedge-shaped, broadly rounded at apex, contracted at base; cell contents
finely granular.

Canada. On Ceramium rubrum. Anticosti Island. (Reinsch).
Newfoundland. On Ceramium rubrum. Labrador, (Reinsch).

123. Dermocarpa leibleiniae (Reinsch) Bornet var. pelagica Wille. Die
Schizophyceen d. Plankton Expedition. 50. pl. 1. f. 1, 2. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 702. 1907.

Plate III. fig. 28.

Sheaths moderately thick, lamellose; cells 18-24 mic. in diameter, 17-24
mic. in length, irregularly pear-shaped, prolonged at the base into a delicate
stalk.

Bermudas. (Wille).

Genus CHAMAESIPHON Braun and Grunow in Rabenhorst.
Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 148. 1865.

Plants epiphytic, erect, cylindrical, somewhat filiform, club-shaped or
pear-shaped, attached at base, widening upwards to free apex, solitary or
aggregated; sheaths present; cell walls very thin; cell contents homoge-
neous, blue-green, violet or yellow; reproduction by one-celled, non-motile
gonidia which are successively cut off from the upper portion of the con-
tents of the gonidangium, gradually escaping from the open apex.

I Gonidangia usually 1-2 celled. Ch. incrustans

Il Gonidangia many-celled Ch. curvatus

124. Chamaesiphon incrustans Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar, 2:
149. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 136. 1907.

MGbius. Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser-und Luft-
Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 246. 1888. Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of
Maine.—III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 19: 124. 1892. Tilden. List of fresh-
water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1:
599. 1896. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.
Sci. 14: 8, 1908.

56 Minnesota Algae

Plate III. fig. 29, 30.

Gonidangia 1-2 celled, 1-3 mic. in diameter at the base, 4-8 mic. in
diameter at the apex, 7-30 mic. in length, club-shaped or long cylindrical,
straight or curved, solitary or densely crowded in groups; tegument color-
less, at first closed, later open at apex; cell contents blue-green; gonidia
about 2 mic. in diameter.

Maine. Attached to filamentous algae. Spring, College meadow, Orono.
(Harvey). Minnesota. In tank in Botanical Laboratory. University, Min-
neapolis, February 1896. (Tilden). Iowa, Growing on the surface of an
alga, probably an Oedogonium. Eagle Grove. Hewitt’s Pond. 1904.
(Buchanan). West Indies. Growing on an Oedogonium. In warm
springs. Los Bafios, near Coamo. Porto Rico. (Sintenis).

125. Chamaesiphon curvatus Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de
Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus. 4. pl. 1. f. 1, 2. 1878. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 139. 1907.
Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand-
vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 4. 1878. Lemmermann. Algenfl,
Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.

Plate III. fig. 31.

Gonidangia many-celled, 3-10 mic. in diameter, 20-100 mic. in length,
somewhat cylindrical, more or less curved, rising from a narrow base; tegu--
ment colorless; cell contents blue-green.

Hawaii. Among filaments of Cladophora. Near Honolulu. Island
of Oahu. (Berggren).

Order IIL. HORMOGONEAE

Plants multicellular, filamentous, attached to a substratum or free-float-
ing; filaments simple or branched, usually consisting of one or more rows
of cells within a sheath; reproduction occurs by means of hormogones or
resting gonidia.

Family I. Oscillatoriaceae. Filaments frequently branched, containing
one or more trichomes; sheaths variable, more or less gelatinous; trichomes
consisting of a simple row of cells uniform along their entire length, ex-
cept for the apical cells which sometimes taper more or less; heterocysts
absent; reproduction by means of vegetative division and hormogones.

Family II. Nostocaceae. Sheaths very delicate, mostly confluent, usually
not visible; trichomes usually twisting and entangled, consisting of a single
row of uniform cells, with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegeta-
tive division, hormogones and gonidia.

Family III. Scytonemaceae. Filaments with a false branch system;
sheaths firm and tubular; trichomes consisting of a single row of cells,
but not of uniform thickness, with heterocysts; reproduction by means of
vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia,

Family IV. Stigonemaceae. Filaments frequently branched; sheaths thick,
firm, often irregular; trichomes consisting of one or several rows of cells,

Myxophyceae 57

with heterocysts; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormo-
gones and gonidia.

Family V. Rivulariaceae. Filaments tapering from the base to the apex,
ending in a multicellular, colorless hair; heterocysts usually present, basal;
reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.

Family I. OSCILLATORIACEAE

Filaments frequently branched, containing one or more trichomes;
sheaths variable, more or less gelatinous; trichomes consisting of a simple
row of cells uniform along their entire length; except for the apical cells
which sometimes taper more or less; heterocysts absent; reproduction by
means of vegetative division and hormogones.

é
I Sheaths not present.
1 Trichomes straight or nearly so, never forming a regular spiral
(1) Trichomes cylindrical, usually without sheaths, free; apex of trich-

ome straight or curved Oscillatoria
(2) Trichomes cylindrical, without sheaths, united in free-swimming
scale-like masses Trichodesmium
2 Trichomes forming a regular, more or less lax spiral
(1) Trichomes multicellular Arthrospira
(2) Trichomes unicellular Spirulina

Ti Sheaths present.

1 Filaments simple or branched; sheaths cylindrical, firm; trichomes
single within the sheath; apex of trichome straight

(1) Filaments simple, more or less agglutinated by their mucous

sheaths Phormidium
(2) Filaments simple, free, free-floating or forming a matted mass
Lyngbya
(3) Filaments often branched, forming erect tufts; false branches
solitary Symploca
(4) Filaments simple; sheaths usually purple or flesh-colored; apical
cell not capitate Porphyrosiphon

2 Filaments frequently branched; sheaths firm, lamellose, transparent
or colored; trichomes several within the sheath
(1) Sheaths more or less mucous, colorless, diffluent; trichomes few
within the sheath; apex of trichome capitate
Hydrocoleus
(2) Filaments prostrate, woven ‘into a solid membranaceous mass,
often slightly branched; sheaths solid, always thin, colorless;
plants terrestrial or aquatic Hypheothrix
(3) Filaments prostrate at the base, above forming erect tufts; sheaths
solid, transparent; plants terrestrial Symplocastrum
(4) Filaments tufted, often much branched; sheaths transparent or
scarcely colored; plants low, aquatic Inactis

58 Minnesota Algae

(5) Filaments branched; sheaths solid, closed at the apex, of various
colors; trichomes densely aggregated within the sheath
Schizothrix
(6) Sheaths wide, transparent or yellowish brown; trichomes very
few within the sheath, very loosely aggregated

Dasygloea
(7) Sheaths mucous, not lamellose, always transparent; trichomes
many within the sheath Microcoleus

3 Colonies somewhat spherical, elliptical or spindle-shaped; filaments
solitary or aggregated in colonies; sheaths thick, gelatinous
(1) Sheaths very thick; trichomes usually single or in scattered frag-
ments Catagnymene
(2) Colonies somewhat spherical; sheaths thick; trichomes curved,
radiating Haliarachne

Genus OSCILLATORIA Vaucher. Hist. Conferves. 165. 1803.

Trichomes cylindrical, free, motile, without a sheath or rarely enclosed
in a very thin, fragile, mucous sheath, often constricted at the joints; apex
of trichome straight, curved, or more or less regularly spiralled, often
tapering; outer wall of apical cell often thickened, forming a calyptra.

I Plants living in fresh water, floating; apex of trichome constantly
straight, gradually tapering, obtuse, finally capitate; cells somewhat quad-
rate or shorter than the diameter, never very short.
1 Plant mass purple; trichomes 2.2-5 mic. in diameter; cells some-
what quadrate or longer than the diameter O. prolifica
2 Plant mass light blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; cells
somewhat quadrate or twice as short as the diameter
O. agardhii

Il Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes large
or very large; apex of trichome straight, curved or spiral, not at all or
briefly tapering, obtuse; cells very short.
1 Transverse walls never granulated
(1) Trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly taper-
ing, somewhat capitate, hooked O, princeps
(2) Trichomes 12-15 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome tapering,
capitate, hooked or loosely terebriform O. proboscidea
2 Transverse walls frequently granulated
(1) Apex of trichome straight
A Trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of
trichome very briefly tapering, somewhat capitate
O. sancta
B_ Trichomes 11-20 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex
of trichome neither tapering nor capitate
O. limosa

Myxophyceae 59

(2) Apex of trichome spiral, rarely hooked
A. Trichomes 10-17 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex

of trichome not capitate O. curviceps
B_ Trichomes 18-23 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly taper-
ing, obtusely rounded, usually straight O. major

C Trichomes 9-11 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints,
here and there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apical
cell not capitate O. ornata

D Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, here
‘and there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apical cell
capitate O. anguina

III Plants living in salt water; trichomes always constricted at joints,
rarely straight or spiral throughout; apex of trichome scarcely taper-
ing, very gradually curved, obtuse.

1 Trichomes twisted into a regular spiral O. bonnemaisonii
2 Trichomes not spiral, gradually curved in apical portion, rarely
straight
(1) Plant mass dull red; trichomes 16-24 mic. in diameter
O. miniata
(2) Plant mass olive green; trichomes 17-29 mic. in diameter
O. margaritifera
(3) Plant mass dark olive green; trichomes 7-I1 mic. in diameter,
straight, fragile O. nigro-viridis
(4) Plant mass thin, fragile; trichomes 9.6-11.9 mic. in diameter, some-
times spirally coiled, sometimes curved or even nearly straight
O. capitata
(5) Plants epiphytic; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, flexuous, flexible
O. corallinae

JV Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes
straight or curved, not tapering at the apices.
1. Trichomes 8.5 mic. in diameter, straight or slightly flexuous
O. nigra
2 Trichomes 4-10 mic. in diameter, usually slightly constricted at the
joints, often curved at the apices; transverse walls usually furnished
with two rows of granules O. tenuis
3 Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, curved at
the apices; transverse walls commonly marked by two protoplas-
mic granules O. amphibia
4 Trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, straight or rolled in a circinate
manner O. subtilissima
5 Trichomes 2.3-4 mic. in diameter, curved, very much constricted at
joints; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated
O. geminata
6 Trichomes 2.5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints; trans-
verse walls pellucid O. minnesotensis

60

: Minnesota Algae

7 Trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; trans-

verse walls pellucid, not granulated O. chlorina

8 Trichomes .6 mic. in diameter, flexible, elongate, tangled, not con-

stricted at joints QO. angustissima

V_ Plants living in fresh water, hot water, rarely in salt water; trichomes
tapering, more or less pointed, hooked or flexuous, not entirely spiralled
(except O. chalybea); cells longer or shorter than the diameter, never
very short.
1 Apical cell capitate
(1) Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter; cells longer than their diameter

O. splendida

(2) Trichomes 2.5-5 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate

O. amoena

2 Apical cell not capitate
(1) Plants living in salt water

A

Cc

(2)

A

Trichomes 4.7-6.5 mic. in diameter, flexible, undulating; apex of
trichome very gradually tapering, very flexuous
O. subuliformis
Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, somewhat flexuous, sometimes
coiled in a regular circle, very much constricted at joints; apex
of trichome tapering, slightly curved, obtuse
O. salinarum
Trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter, fragile, straight; apex of trichome
briefly tapering, hooked or undulating O. laete-virens
Plants living in fresh water, often in hot water, rarely in brackish
water
Trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome briefly tapering,
very sharply pointed, hooked; cells usually longer than their
diameter Q. acuminata
Trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome briefly tapering,
very sharply pointed, hooked; cells usually shorter than their
diameter O. animalis
Trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, straight, entangled; transverse
walls granulated; cell contents violet or sky-blue
O. violacea
Trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, here and there interrupted by
inflated refringent cells; apex of trichome briefly tapering,
hooked or flexuous; cells three times shorter than their diam-

eter QO. brevis
Trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome obtuse straight,
rarely slightly curved O. cruenta

Trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex
of trichome briefly and somewhat obtusely tapering, hooked;
cells quadrate or one-half as long as wide

O. formosa

Myxophyceae 61

G Trichomes 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of
trichome very gradually*tapering, hooked or undulating; cells
quadrate or longer than the diameter O. numidica

H_ Trichomes 5.5-8 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints;
apex of trichome very gradually tapering, hooked or undulat-
ing; cells quadrate or longer than the diameter, very long near
the apex O. cortiana

Il Trichomes 5§.5-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of
trichome very gradually tapering, undulating and finally hooked;
apical cell obtuse; cells shorter than their diameter

O. okeni

J Trichomes 8-13 mic. in diameter, scarcely constricted at joints,
sometimes twisted in loose spirals; apex of trichome briefly or
gradually tapering and hooked; apical cell obtuse; cells shorter
than their diameter O. chalybea

K Trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, straight, somewhat constricted
at joints; apex of trichome often slightly tapering, obtuse,
straight or curved O. subsalsa

L_ Trichomes 15.5-18.5 mic. in diameter, straight; apex of trichome
usually curved, somewhat tapering, obtuse-truncate

O. percursa

VI Plants living in fresh water, sometimes in hot water; trichomes regu-
larly terebriform in apical portion or forming a spiral throughout their en-
tire length, more or less tapering in the apical portion.

1 Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, forming a lax and regular spiral
through their entire length, or straight and hooked at the apex;
apical cell pointed, not capitate O. boryana

2 Trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, flexuous, straight below, loosely
spiralled and terebriform above; apical cell obtuse, not capitate

O. terebriformis
Species not well understood.

O. subtorulosa

126. Oscillatoria prolifica (Greville) Gomont. Monographie des Oscil-
lariées. 225. pl. 6. f. 8. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 149. 1907.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. exsicc. no. 229. 1889.
(O. diffusa Farlow). Trelease. The “Working” of the Madison Lakes.
Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 122. pl. 10, 1889. Hauck and
Richter. Phykotheka Universalis. no. 477. 1892. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 154. 1896. Moore, The Pollution of Water
Supplies by Algae. Rhodora. 1: roo, 1899; The causes of the red-brown color
in certain Cyanophyceae. Soc. Plant. Morph. and Phys. Sci. N. S. 13:
248. 1901. Hyams and Richards. Notes on Oscillatoria prolifica (Gre-
ville). Tech. Quart. 14: 302. 1901; 15: 308. 1902; 17: 270. 1904. Olive.
Notes on the occurrence of Oscillatoria prolifica (Greville) Gomont in the
Ice of Pine Lake, Waukesha County, Wisconsin. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci.
15: 124. 1905.

62 Minnesota Algae

Plate IV. fig. 1.

Plant mass expanded, floating, purple, when dried becoming lilac;
trichomes 2.2-5 mic. in diameter, straight, elongate, flexible, not constricted
at joints, when old gradually tapering at apex, obtuse, capitate; cells 4-6
mic. in length, subquadrate or a little longer than wide; apical cell-slightly
tapering, truncate; calyptra depressed conical; transverse walls frequently
granulated; cell contents refringent, coarsely granular.

Massachusetts. Giving a pronounced purple color to the water of
Jamaica Pond. 1884. (Farlow). Jamaica Pond. (Moore, Hyams and Rich-
ards). Floating freely or forming scum. Jamaica Pond, Boston. (Collins).
Forming a floating scum. Jamaica Pond, Jamaica Plain. December 1893.
(Burrage). Wisconsin. Pine Lake, Waukesha County. August, October
1900. July 1905. (Olive).

127. Oscillatoria agardhii Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 225. 1893. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 149. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 30. no. 1451. 1908.
Plate IV. fig. 2.

Plant mass widely expanded, floating, light blue-green; trichomes 4-6
mic. in diameter, straight throughout entire length, fragile, not constricted
at joints, gradually tapering towards the apex, obtuse, capitate; cells 2.5-3.5
mic. in length; apical cell slightly tapering, truncate; calyptra convex; trans-
verse walls granulated; cell contents coarsely granular, pale blue-green.

Missouri. St. Louis. December 1906. (Hus).

128. Oscillatoria princeps Vaucher. Hist. Conferves d’eau douce. 190. pl.
15. f. 2. 1803. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 226. pl. 6. f. 9. 1903. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 150. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 124. 1858. Mazé and
Schramm. Essai class. Algues Guadeloupe. 17. 1870-77. Wood. Contr. Hist.
Fresh-Water Algae N. A. 20, 1872. (O. imperator Wood). Farlow,
Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. exsicc. no. 177. 1877.
Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae aq. dulc. exsicc. no. 393. 1877-87. Raben-
horst. Algen Europas. no. 2535. 1878. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
317. pl. 207. f. 20, 22; pl. 208. f. 3, 4. 1887. Collins. Flora of Middlesex
County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Mobius. Ueber einige in Portorico
gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 248. 1888. Ben-
nett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Trelease. The “Working”
of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 125.
1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1880. Mackenzie. A preliminary
list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst.
III. 7: 270. 1890. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta Flora of Nebraska.
ai. pl. 1. £. 17. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Min-
nesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. I. no, 2. 1895. Tilden, Am. Alg. Cent.
II. no. 187. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae.
Bot. Gaz. 25: 101. pl. 9. f. 19. 1898; Am. Alg. Cent. TIT. no. 296. 1898. Col-
lins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,--V. Marine Algae. Rho-

Myxophyceae 63

dora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37:
239. I9OI. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm.
Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwest-
ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182. 1903. Collins. Phycological
Notes of the late Isaac Holden—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1253. 1905. Brown.
Algal Periodicity in certain ponds and streams, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35:
243, 247. 1908. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.
Sci. 14: 15. 1908. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 649.
1909.

Plate IV. fig. 3.

Plant mass dark green or black; trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter,
straight, rigid, fragile when dried, not constricted at joints, slightly taper-
ing, more or less curved and somewhat truncate at apex, somewhat capi-
tate; apical cell convex above; calyptra none; cells 3.5-7 mic. in length;

transverse walls never granulated; cell contents finely granular, rarely
showing coarser granules.

Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie). United States. Frequent
in ponds and pools from Maine to Florida. (Wolle). Massachusetts.
Floating on quiet pool. Saugus. (Collins). Cambridge. July 1890. (Farlow).
Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Connecticut. Bruce’s Brook; Fresh
Pond. July, September, October; resting on muddy bottom and floating in
considerable masses on the surface of quiet water. Parrott’s Pond, Bridge-
port. July 1892. (Holden). New Jersey. Frequent in ponds and pools.
Cape May; Dennisville. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Bethlehem. August 1877.
(Wolle). Alabama. Auburn. May 1896. (Baker). Indiana. In ponds
near Bloomington. June to November. (Brown). Ohio. In washings of
stones and of plants growing in lake. Lake Erie. (Snow). Wisconsin.
In a brook. Near Madison. (Trelease). Minnesota. Bridal Veil Falls,
Minneapolis. June 1894. (Tilden). Iowa. Fayette. (Fink). Ames. (Bessey).

Pond, amid dense growth of Lemna. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). Ne-
braska. Occasionally found among other algae in the Dismal River region
and in many places in the eastern part of the state. (Saunders). Wyo-

ming. “Forming a black, thick floating mass in mountain stream at vent
of hot spring. Gradually runs out, being replaced by green at a distance
of fifty feet from vent. Temperature five feet from spring 42° C.; fifty feet
from spring 38° C.” Mountains near Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser
Basin. June 1896; forming dark green velvety mass fringing edge of small
mountain creek where a hot spring flows out just underneath the bank.
Temperature of water one inch below surface 19° C.; on surface 58° C.
Near Emerald Pool. Upper Geyser Basin. July 1896. Yellowstone National
Park. (Tilden). Washington. In pond on shore of lake. Green Lake,
King County. July 1897. (Tilden). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and
Schramm). In river near “Coamo.” Porto Rico. (Sentenis). In mats in
stream. St. Ann’s Bay. Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Bath, Jamaica.
July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

Forma purpurea Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-

64 Minnesota Algae

Am. Fasc. 16. no. 753. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am, Acad. Arts.
Sci. 37: 239. 1901. De Toni. 1. c. 152.

Plant mass bright purple; trichomes bright purple.

West Indies. Forming a stratum on a roadside brook, near the baths.
Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

129. Oscillatoria proboscidea Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 229. pl. 6, f. 10, 11.
1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 152. 1907.

Crouan in Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 17.
1870. (O. antillarum Crouan). Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Al-
gae North America. 20. pl. 2. f. 5. a, b. 1872. (O. neglecta Wood).
Collins. Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 289. 1901. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1159. 1904. Setch-
ell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:
182. 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 4.

Plant mass dark green; trichomes 12-15 mic. in diameter, straight or
somewhat flexuous, here and there spiral, not constricted at joints, some-
times mixed with other Oscillatorias; apex of trichome briefly tapering,
capitate, almost truncate, curved or loosely spiralled; apical cell showing
a convex, slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2-4 mic. in length;
transverse walls never granulated; cell contents finely granular.

Alaska, In a small pond of fresh water. Glacier Valley, Unalaska. 1899.
(Lawson). Pennsylvania. In shallow ditches along railroad track. Near
Manayunk. (Wcod). California. On rocks in stream. North Berkeley.
March 1901. (Gardner). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm),
In a pool by “Wag Water” and in stream from reservoir. Castleton,
Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

130. Oscillatoria sancta Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 30. pl. 42. f. 7. 1845-1849.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 229. pl. 6. f. 12, 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 153. 1907.

Tilden. Am. Alg. Cent. I. no, 73. 1894. (O. limosa). Collins, Hol-
den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. to. no. 500. 1808. Setchell. Notes
on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Tilden, Am. Alg. Cent. V.
no. 495. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac
and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands.
Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 166. 1902.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 182, 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 5.

Plant mass dark lead-colored, becoming violet when dried and tinting
paper a beautiful violet; trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter, elongate, flexible,
straight or curved, fragile when dried, constricted at joints; apex of trich-
ome very briefly tapering, somewhat capitate, straight; cells 2.5-6 mic. in
length; wall of apical cell strongly thickened into a conspicuous convex
calyptra; transverse walls marked with densely crowded coarse granules;
cell contents olive green or mouse-colored.

Myxophyceae 65

New York. At bottom of warm spring. Lebanon Springs. (Harrison).
Minnesota. Growing in somewhat dry sheets on sides of wooden tables in
greenhouse. St. Paul. November 1894. (Tilden). Washington. In a small
pond of fresh water. Port Townsend, (Gardner). California. At bottom
of cold stream. Near Oakland. (Setchell). On earth among flower pots
in conservatories. University of California. Berkeley. (Nott). Hawaii.
Forming a reddish-brown skin on wet sides of cliff. Falls four miles from
mouth of river. Waialuka River. Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900; on
muddy sides of sewer ditch. Kealea Plantation, Kauai. July 1900. (Tilden).

Var, caldariorum (Hauck) Lagerheim. Algologiska Bidrag. Bot. No-
tiser. 49. 1886. Gomont. 1. c. 230. 1893. De Toni. 1. c. 154. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1055. 1903.
Trichomes 10-14 mic. in diameter.

California. On moist ground in conservatory. Golden Gate Park, San
Francisco. December 1902. (Gardner):

Var. aequinoctialis Gomont. |. c. 230. 1893. De Toni. I. c. 154. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 502. 1898;
Fasc. 28. no. 1352. 1907.

Trichomes 15-20 mic. in diameter.

Massachusetts, In stagnant water in claypit. West Medford. September
1906. (Collins). California. Forming dark brown patches on damp soil
in greenhouses. University of California, Berkeley. 1896. (Nott).

131. QOscillatoria limosa Agardh. Disp. Alg. Suec. 35. 1812. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 230. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 154. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 313. pl. 206. 1887. Collins, Algae
of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of Nan-
tucket. 4. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and
adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1889.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. (O. froelichii Kg.). Macken-
zie, A preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood of Toronto.
Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. 1890. Jelliffe. A preliminary list of the
plants found in the Ridgewood Water Supply of the City of Brooklyn,
King’s County, N. Y. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 20: 243. 1803; A preliminary
report upon the microscopical organisms found in the Brooklyn water
supply. Brook. Med. Journ. 7: 602. 1893; A further contribution to the
microscopical examination of the Brooklyn water supply. Brook. Med.
Journ. 8: 592. 1804. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 72. 1894.
Collins, Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine.
248. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 21.
1894. Tilden. List of Freshwater Algae collected in Minnesota during
1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 253. 1897. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.
—III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England
Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden. American Aigae.
Cent. VI. no. 592. 1902. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S.
Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1993. (O. froehlichii Kuetz.).

66

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.
—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5:
268. 1905. Brown. Algal Periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 243, 247. 1908. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1503. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of
Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
VII. Fasc. 1. no. 648. 19009.

Plate IV. fig. 6.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 11-20 mic. in diameter, crowded,
straight (in dried specimens rigid and fragile), not constricted at joints;
apex of trichome straight, not at all or scarcely tapering, not capitate;
apical cell showing a convex, somewhat thickened outer wall; cells 2-5 mic.
in diameter; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents blue-
green or olive.

Canada. Humber River, Toronto. (Mackenzie). United States. (Wolle).
Maine. In fresh water. Mount Desert Island. (Holden). Massachusetts.
Newton. (Farlow). Charles River, Newton; on wharves, Nantucket; in
claypit, Glenwood, Medford, April 1892. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Col-
lins). Connecticut. On sandy bottom and floating in fresh water ditch,
May 1892; Berkshire Mill Pond (brackish), Bridgeport, May 1894; stream,
Stratford; Great Falls of the Housatonic; ditch below Factory Pond,
floating and attached to plants; Berkshire Mill Pond; forming a dark
purple stratum on plants in running water, Pequonnock River, below Fac-
tory Pond Dam. (Holden). New York. Brooklyn water supply. Decem-
ber and February. (Jelliffe). New Jersey. Stapleton and Tomkinsville,
Staten Island. (Pike). Frequent, on wet earth. (Wolle). Texas. 1902.
(Fanning.) Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign County. 1902, (Riddle). In
washings of stones and of plants growing in the lake. Put-in-Bay, Lake
Erie. (Snow). Indiana. Faris Pond, Fees Pond, Monon Pond, Jordan
Branch. Near Bloomington. December until May. (Brown). Minnesota.
Growing mostly beneath surface of water. Current very swift. State Fish
Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1894. (Tilden). In rapidly running water,
forming brown coating on decayed leaves. Minnehaha Creek, above the
Falls, Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hone). Iowa. In a sulphur spring,
Iowa Falls. June 1904. (Gardner). Very common. Iowa City. (Hobby).
Fayette. (Fink). On damp earth, forming a thin coating. Ames. (Bessey,
Buchanan). Moist earth; floating in Hewitt’s Pond, Eagle Grove; on
moist soil in the greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan). Nebraska. Common
on damp earth, forming a blue-green coating. (Saunders). Washington.
Floating on ditches of slightly brackish water. La Conner, Skagit County;
Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

Var. badia Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 188. 1896. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.

Plant mass forming a thin scum on rocks, afterwards breaking loose
and floating on surface of water, brownish; trichomes 9.5 mic. in diameter;
cells 5-9.5 mic. in length; cell contents drab or light brown.

Myxophyceae 67

Minnesota. On rocks. Grand Marais, Lake Superior. July 1806. (Elft-
man).

132. Oscillatoria curviceps Agardh. Syst. Alg. 68. 1824. Gomont. Mon-
ogr. Oscill. 233. pl. 6. f. 14. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-77. (O.
subsalsa dulcis). Dame and Collins. Flora of Middlesex County,
Massachusetts. 15. 1888. (O. froelichii viridis). Tilden, Ameri-
can Algae. Cent. II. no. 189. 1896. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Addi-
tions to the reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Neb. 5: 13. 1901.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1305. 1906.

Plate IV. fig. 7.

Plant mass light or dark blue-green; trichomes 10-17 mic. in diameter,
elongate, straight below, above curved or twisted into a loose spiral, not
constricted at joints; apex of trichome not or scarcely tapering, not capi-
tate; cells 2-5 mic. in length; outer wall of apical cell convex, sometimes
slightly thickened; transverse walls sometimes marked by two rows of
granules; cell contents uniformly granular or showing larger granules.

United States. (Wolle, Farlow). Massachusetts. Medford claypits.
(Collins). Nebraska. On moist soil, greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey).
Colorado. On surface of slow-flowing water in swamp. Five miles south-
east of Fort Collins. July 1896. (Cowen). California. Outlet of Lake
Temescal, Oakland. July 1905. (Gardner). West Indies. (Crouan).

133. Oscillatoria major Vaucher. Hist. Conferves d’eau douce. 192. pl.
15. f. 3. 1803. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 157. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. West. The Freshwater Algae of
Maine. Journ. of Bot. 29: 356. 1891.

Plant mass membranaceous, mucous, blue-green, lead-colored or dark
steel-blue; trichomes 18-23 mic. in diameter, straight, often arranged longi-
tudinally in narrow bundles; apex of trichome somewhat tapering, ob-
tusely rounded, usually straight; cells 4.5-6 mic. in length; transverse walls
granulated on both sides.

Maine. Scarbro’. (Aubert). New Jersey. In sluggish and stagnant
waters. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Borders of ponds and pools. (Wolle).

134. Oscillatoria ornata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 30. pl. 42. £. 9. 1845-1849.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 234. pl. 6. f. 15. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 158. 1907.

Plate IV. fig. 8.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 9-11 mic. in diameter, slightly
constricted at joints, here and there interrupted by inflated and refringent
cells, straight below, above twisted into a loose spiral, slightly and grad-
ually tapering; apex of trichome not capitate, obtuse; apical cell convex
above; calyptra none; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently
granulated.

68 Minnesota Algae

Massachusetts. (Collins).

135. Oscillatoria anguina Bory. Dict. class. d’hist, nat. 12: 467. 1827.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 234. pl. 6. f. 16. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 159. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 74. 1894; List of Fresh-water
Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895.
Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 22, no, 1052. 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 9.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, not con-
stricted at joints, frequently interrupted by inflated and refringent cells,
straight below, above terebriform, gradually tapering; apex of trichome
capitate, obtuse; outer wall of apical cell slightly thickened; cells 1.5-2.5
mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated.

Minnesota. On moist earth. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul, August
1894; in stream formed by springs, Second Creek, Lake City, Wabasha
County. September 1894. (Tilden). California. Floating among Chara
in a small stream. Near Richmond, Contra Costa County. November 1902.
(Gardner). West Indies. In still water. Roaring River, near St. Ann’s
Bay, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey).

136. Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii Crouan in Desmazieres. Pl. Crypt.
France. II. no. 537. 1858. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 235. pl. 6. f.
17, 18. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 159. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:' 138, 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 316. pl. 207. f. 16, 17. 1887. West, W. Jun.
Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. 1899.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb.
34: 618. 1905. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 647. 1909.

Plate IV. fig. ro.

Trichomes 18-36 mic. in diameter, forming loose and regular spirals,
elongate, flexible, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither
tapering nor capitate; apical cell with convex outer wall, not capitate;
calyptra none; cells 3-6 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell
contents finely granular, uniformly strewn with larger granules.

Pennsylvania. Wet soil, recently inundated. (Wolle). Washington.
In salt marshes. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. In plankton.
(Murray and Blackman). Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan. 1896-97.
(Schauinsland). Mixed with other algae, floating in lagoon on beach.
Seaconnot, near Hilo, Island of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

137. Oscillatoria miniata Hauck. Die Meeresalgen Deutschlands und
Oesterreichs. 508. 1885. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 236. 1893. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 160. 1907.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877.
Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ.

Myxophyceae 69

of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. West. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton.
Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. pl. 400 a. 1899.

Plant mass dull red; trichomes 16-24 mic. in diameter, straight, con-
stricted at joints (?), apex of trichome briefly tapering, obtuse, capitate;
apical cell showing a slightly convex calyptra; cells 7-11 mic. in length;
cell contents homogeneous or slightly granular, pale or dark red.

West Indies, (Mazé and Schramm), In plankton. (Murray and Black-
man.)

138. Oscillatoria margaritifera Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 31. pl. 43. f. 10. 1845.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 236. pl. 6. f. 19. 1893, De Toni. Syll
Algar. 5: 161. 1907.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England
Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900.

Plate IV. fig. 11.

Plant mass black; trichomes 17-29 mic. in diameter, straight, con-
stricted at joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end;
apex of trichome slightly tapering, obtuse; apical cell capitate; calyptra
slightly convex; cells 3-6 mic. in diameter; transverse walls lined with
granules; cell contents olive green.

Massachusetts. Northern part of state. (Collins). West Indies.
Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

139. Oscillatoria nigro-viridis Thwaites in Harvey. Phyc. Brit. Syn.
XXXIX. no. 375. pl. 251. A. 1846-1851. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.
237. pl. 6. £. 20. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 161. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33. 1881. (O. limosa cha-
ly bea). West. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ. of Bot.
37: 337. 1890. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1056. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 12.

Plant mass very dark olive green; trichomes 7-11 mic. in diameter,
moderately long, somewhat straight, fragile, constricted at joints, curved
gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of trichome tapering,
obtuse; apical cell somewhat capitate, with convex and slightly thickened
outer wall; cells 3-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell con-
tents pale green or olive.

Maine. Forming a slimy layer on piles. Eastport. (Farlow). Forming
a black, very thin film on muddy beams under old tide mill. Harpswell.
July 1902. (Collins). Massachusetts. Northern part of state. (Collins).
Washington. In salt marshes. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Seattle. (Foster).
West Indies. In plankton. (Murray and Blackman).

70 , Minnesota Algae
140. Oscillatoria capitata W. West Jun. Some Oscillarioideae from the
Plankton. Journ. of Bot. 37: 337. pl. 400 a. 1899. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 162. 1907.
Plate IV. fig. 13-15.

Trichomes 9.6-11.9 mic. in diameter, free or forming a delicate fragile
mass, at times spirally coiled and twisted, or curved, or even nearly
straight, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering;
cells 4-8.5 mic. in length; apical cell 6.9-9.1 mic. in diameter, 6.7-8.1 mic.
in length, at constriction 3.6-8 mic. in diameter; calyptra more or less con-
vex and closely appressed; transverse walls not granulated; cell con-
tents homogeneous or somewhat granular.

West Indies, Lat. 23” 44’ N.; long. 45° 30° W. (Murray and Blackman).

Wille considers this species to be a variety of Catagnymene
spiralis Lemmermann. ‘

141. Oscillatoria corallinae Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homo-
cystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 356. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 238.
pl. 6. f. 21. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 162. 1907.

Collins. Preliminary lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci.
37: 239. 1901; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—lI. Rhodora.
7: 172. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl, Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34:
618. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 16.

Trichomes gregarious, forming a delicate coating on larger algae, 6-19
mic. in diameter, very long, flexuous, at times contorted, contracted at
joints, curved gradually and for some distance from the end; apex of
trichome scarcely tapering; cells 2.7-4 mic. in length; transverse walls not
granulated; cell contents granular; apical cell somewhat capitate, with
convex, slightly thickened outer wall.

Connecticut. On Gelidium. Woodmont; on Enteromorpha,
below Yellow Mill Bridge, September. (Holden). West Indies. In a
pellicle on coral rock. Port Antonio. March 1893. (Humphrey). Among
other algae, near Kingston, Duerden. (Collins). Hawaii. Washings from
marine algae. Laysan Island. (Schauinsland).

142. Oscillatoria nigra Vaucher. Hist. Conferves d’eau douce. 192. no.
3. pl. 15. f. 4. 1803. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 164. 1907.

Collins, Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Ben-
net. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. West. The Freshwater Algae of
Maine. 27: 207. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue
of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609, 1889. Anderson.
List of California Marine Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 217. 1891. Buchanan.
Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.

Plant mass more or less compact, somewhat membranaceous, usually
floating, lead-colored or dark olive green, glistening; trichomes 8.5 mic.
in diameter, straight or slightly flexuous; apex of trichome tapering, ob-
tusely rounded; apical cell usually straight, somewhat beak-like, bearded,

rarely slightly curved; cells equal in length to the diameter, after division
shorter; transverse walls very distinctly granulated; cell contents finely
granular, pale olive,

United States. (Bailey). Maine. (West). Massachusetts. Newton.
(Farlow). Malden. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). New
Jersey. Frequent in wet places. (Wolle). Iowa. Usually floating free
in stagnant water. Iowa City. (Hobby). Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan).
California. On moist cliffs above high tide. Common. (Anderson).

143. Oscillatoria tenuis Agardh. Algarum. Decades. 2: 25. 1813. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 240. pl. 7. £. 23. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
166. 1907.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-77.
Rabenhorst. Algen Europa’s. no. 2536. 1878. (O. cortiana). Dickie.
On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.
17: 8, 1880. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White
Mountains. Appalachia. 3. 236. 1883. -Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
313. pl. 206. f. 14. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Col-
lins. Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. (O. viridis).
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1880. Rosenvinge. Les Algues Marines
du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. I. no. 75. 1894. Saunders, Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of
Nebraska. 21. pl. 1. f. 16. 1804. Tilden, List of Fresh-water Algae col-
lected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 102. 1895. Tilden,
American Algae. Cent. II. no. 190. 1896. Collins. Algae. Flora of the
Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations
of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1806. Rosen-
vinge. Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd.
om Groenland. 20: 121. 1898. Tilden. List of Fresh-water Algae col-
lected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 29. 1898.
Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 101.
p}. 9. f. 20. 1808. Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,—
V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am.
Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie.
U. S. Fish Comm. Bul. for 1902. 22: 393. 1903. Setchell and Gardner.
Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903.
Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7:
236. 1905. Bérgesen and Jonsson. The distribution of the Marine Algae
of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of
the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905. Brown, Algal periodicity in cer-
tain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 242, 247. 1908. Bu-
chanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.

Plate IV. fig. 17, 18.

Plant mass thin, bright, rarely dull blue-green; trichomes 4-10 mic. in
diameter, straight, fragile, usually slightly constricted at joints; apex of
trichome straight or curved, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell con-
vex, showing a slightly thickened outer wall; cells 2.6-5 mic. in length;

72 : Minnesota Algae

transverse walls usually furnished with two rows of granules; cell con-
tents pale blue-green.

Arctic Regions. Fresh water. 82° 27’ lat. N. (Dickie). Greenland.
Western part, south of 61° lat. N. (Rosenvinge). Western part. (Borgesen
and Jonsson). New Hampshire. On mosses. Mill Brook, Shelburne. (Far-
low). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Malden and Reading. On rocks
and trunks of trees. (Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Lathrop).
New Jersey. In stagnant waters; frequent. (Wolle). (Collins). Connecti-
cut, Bruce’s Brook. October 1890; floating in pool below Factory Pond;
Housatonic River, on wall of quartz mill; Fresh Pond; Pequonnock River,
Bridgeport. (Holden). New York. In deep pool. Ithaca flats. April 1895.
(Atkinson). Pennsylvania. Dripping, mossy rocks, pools, margins of
pools, or free swimming; in hot water. (Wolle). Ohio. In plankton.
Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Indiana. “Three different species of
Qscillatoria appeared in considerable abundance in the ponds and
streams under observation. These were Oscillator ia tenuis, O.
limosa and O. princeps. Some other species were noticed but they
did not persist any length of time. O. tenuis was the most abundant form
both in quantity and distribution. It was abundant in stream no. I. (Jor-
dan Branch), especially in the lower part, and in the smaller of the water-
works ponds during the greater part of the year. In stream no. I it grew
on the stones in the bottom, forming a tolerably dense stratum. A similar
stratum formed on the rocks at the outlet of pond no. 4 (Monon Pond)
whenever sufficient water flowed over the spillway to keep them wet.
Around the edge of the smaller of the water-works ponds there was usually
a stratum covering the bottom in the shallow water. Whenever sufficient
oxygen collected in the meshes of a mass it was loosened and floated on
the surface.’—Brown. Minnesota. Lining sides of tanks in Zoological
Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1894. (Til-
den). In arm of Mississippi River (old channel). St. Paul Park. October
1897. (Freeman). Nebraska. Rocks, pools, margins of ponds, or floating
free; common throughout the state. (Saunders). Wyoming. In small
mountain spring in a bog, together with moss and water cress. Valley of
Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June
1896. (Tilden). Washington, Floating in slightly brackish water in a
ditch. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner). “Agrees well with O. tenuis,
except that it is hardly at all torulose.”—Setchell. West Indies. Guade-
loupe. (Mazé and Schramm). Bath. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

‘Var. natans (Kuetzing) Gomont. |. c. 241. De Toni. 1. c. 168.

Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. (O. natans Kg.). Tilden. American Al-
gae. Cent. I. no. 76. 1894; List of Fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota
during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Snow. The Plankton Algae
cf Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 393. 1903. Collins.

Pl eae Ney Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Myxophyceae 73

Connecticut. Bruce’s Brook, Bridgeport. October, December, (Holden):
New Jersey. Fresh water ponds, frequent. (Wolle). Ohio. Plankton.
Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Wisconsin. Floating in tanks. Trout
mere. Osceola. October 1894. (Tilden). California. In a stream at the
outlet of Lake Chabot, San Leandro, Alameda County. May 1903. (Gardner).

Var. tergestina (Kuetz.) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 102. 1865.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 241. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 168. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 400. 1900. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 14. no. 651. 1900. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. VI. no. 593. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903.

Trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter.

Rhode Island. Forming small patches of a verdigris-green color in
warm water of escape from a steam boiler. Berkeley. March 1894. (Setchell
and Osterhout), ‘Minnesota. In polyzoan colony. Mississippi River, St.
Paul. 1898. (Freeman). In pool. Lincoln Park, Duluth. August 1901. (Til-
den). Washington. In pool of fresh or slightly brackish water. Whidbey
Island; Seattle. (Gardner).

144. Oscillatoria amphibia Agardh. Aufzahling einiger in den dstreich-
ischen Landern gefundenen neuen Gattungen und Arten von Algen.
Flora. 10: 632. 1827. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 241. pl. 7. f. 4, 5.
1893. De Toni. Syil. Algar. 5: 169. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
(O. tenerrima Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 310. pl. 205. f. 3. 1887.
Bessey. Miscellaneous additions to the Flora of the State, and new or
noteworthy species from various localities. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893.
Rosenvinge. Les Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
19: 163. 1894. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert
Island, Maine. 248. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Ne-
braska. 20. pl. 2. f. 18. 1894. Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills,
Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the

Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Rosenvinge.
Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd. om Groen-
land. 20. 121. 1808. Tilden. Observations on some West American

Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 102. pl. 9. f. 21. 1898. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 705. 1900. Collins. Preliminary
Lists of New England Plants,—-V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900.
Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the reported Flora of the State.
Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI.
no. 594. 1902. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm.
Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late
Isaac Holden,—II. Rhodora. 7: 235. 1905. Boérgesen and Jonsson. The
distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the northern-
most part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.

74 Minnesota Algae

Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14:
14. 1908. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 646. 1909.

Plate IV. fig. 19, 20.

Plant mass thin, of a beautiful blue-green color; trichomes 2-3 mic.
in diameter, straight or curved, fragile, not constricted at joints, curved
gradually at the end; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capitate; apical
cell rotund above; calyptra none; cells 4-8.5 mic. in length; transverse walls
commonly marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue-
green.

Greenland. Western part at 60° N. lat. (Rosenvinge). Eastern and
western parts. (Borgesen and Jonsson). United States. Coating wood
subject to hot waste water from steam engines.» Temperature about 110°
F. (Wolle). Maine. In fresh water. (Holden). Massachusetts, On
rocks and trunk of trees. (Collins). Connecticut. On muddy bottom of
Bruce’s Brook, Bridgeport. (Holden). Texas. 1902. (Fanning). Ohio.
Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Minnesota. In pool. Oatka
Beach, Minnesota Point, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Iowa. In stag-
nant water and on soil. Fayette. (Fink). Effluent of the filter beds of the
college sewage disposal plant; on the soil in greenhouse, Ames; pond,
Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). South Dakota. Floating in large dark blue-
green masses on surface of water. Lake Hendricks. August 1898. (Allen
and Saunders). Nebraska. In Salt Creek; in cultures. Lincoln. (Bessey).
In ditches and ponds among other algae. (Saunders). Wyoming. Lining
channel of spring. Above Beehive Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellow-
stone National Park. 1897. (Weed). Washington. In mud at bottom of
ponds. Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

145. Oscillatoria subtilissima Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 27. pl. 38. £. 7. 1845-49.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 171. 1907.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Snow. The Plankton
Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, solitary or scattered, rarely asso-
ciated in a yellowish-green mass, slender, straight or rolled in a circinate
manner; cell walls inconspicuous; cell coments homogeneous, yellowish-
green.

Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Ohio. Plankton. Put-in-Bay,
Lake Erie. (Snow).

146. Oscillatoria geminata Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae. 9.
1837. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 242. pl. 7. f. 6. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 172. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. ror. 1896; List of Fresh-water
Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies.
2: 28. 1898; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot.
Gaz. 25: 102. pl. 9. f. 22. 1898; American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 595. 1902.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif, Pub.
Bot. 1: 183. 1903.

Plant mass dull yellowish-green; trichomes 2.3-4 mic, in diameter,

CHa Fs ; ; ‘-agile, very much constricted at
joints; apex of trichome strafeht or curved, neither tapering nor capitate;
apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells of unequal length, 2.3-16 mic. long:
transverse walls pellucid, not granulated; protoplasm containing a few
large, refringent granules.

Minnesota. In arm of Mississippi River (old channel), St. Paul Park.
October 1897. (Freeman). Montana. In hot water. Lo Lo Hot Springs,
Lo Lo. September 1898. (Griffiths). Wyoming. Covering bottom of
creek in swift current. Temperature 47.5° C. Near Upper Geyser Basin,
Yellowstone National Park. July 1896. (Tilden). Washington. On mud
by the roadside. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner).

147. Oscillatoria minnesotensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no.
596. 1902.

Plate IV. fig. 21.

Plant mass thin, dark blue-green; trichomes 2-5 mic. in diameter, more
or less curved, especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight
or slightly bent, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund; calyptra
none; celis 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid; cell contents
homogeneous.

Minnesota. On sides of stone quarry under dripping water. Near
Campus, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, February 1902. (Lilley).

The plant differs from O. geminata in the length of the cells,
in the absence of granules, and in its habitat. Like that species, also it
resembles a Phormidium, but the trichomes when examined were oscil-
lating rapidly thus showing conclusively that it was an Oscillatoria.

148. Oscillatoria chlorina Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 185. 1853. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 243. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 172. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 18. pl. 1. f. 1.
1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 311. pl. 206. f. 6. 1887. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888. Bessey, Pound and
Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Ne-
braska. 5: 13. IQOI. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
Tg. no. gor. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 183. 1903. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of
Lakes. Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 97.
1908.

Plate IV. fig. 22.

Plant mass very thin, cobwebby, yellowish green; trichomes 3.5-4 mic.
in diameter, straight or curved, fragile, not constricted at joints; apex of
trichome straight or curved, -not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra
none; cells 3.7-8 mic. in length; transverse walls pellucid, not granulated;
cell contents nearly homogeneous, orange or yellowish green.

Greenland, (Richter). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Penn-
sylvania. In stagnant brick pond. Near Philadelphia. (Wood). Nebraska.
In culture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Washington. Growing on
decaying vegetation in a small pool, submerged about two feet. Whidbey

76 Minnesota Algae

Island. June 1901. Central America. Forming a dirty green, somewhat
firm mass, looking much like a fresh-water sponge. Lake Atitlan and
Amatitlan, Guatemala. 1905-1906. (Meek).

149. Oscillatoria angustissima W. and G. S. West. Welwitsch’s African
Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 300, 1897. De Toni. Syl. Algar.
5: 171. 1907.
West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 293. 1904.
Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa; Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 14. 1908.
Plant mass expanded, blue-green; trichomes .6 mic. in diameter, not
constricted at joints, flexible, elongate, entangled; apex of trichome neither
tapering nor capitate; cells .9-1.2 mic. long; transverse walls not distinct;
cell contents homogeneous, light blue-green.
Iowa. In pond with other algae. Ontario. (Buchanan). West Indies.
Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

150. Oscillatoria splendida Greville. Flora Edinensis. 305. 1824. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 244. pl. 7. £. 7, 8. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
173. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (O.
gracillima Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. III. 1. c. 6: 183. 1877; (O. lepto-
trichia Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 311. pl. 206. f. 7. 1887. Bennett.
Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Brit-
ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889.
Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 20. 1894. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 305. 1897. Setchell and
Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184.
1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1161.
1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rho-
dora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 23-25.

Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, scattered or collected in a thin mass,
straight or somewhat flexuous, elongate, not constricted at the joints; apex
of trichome gradually tapering, flexuous, capitate; apical cell inflated above;
calyptra none; cells 3-9 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by a few
protoplasmic granules; cell contents homogeneous, blue-green.

Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). Connecticut. On submerged
leaves in quiet water. September 1895; in a still pool with decaying vegetable
matter, bed of Pequonnock River, August, September, November. (Holden).
New Jersey. On small freshwater ponds; in ditches of brackish water.
(Wolle). Nebraska. On basin of artesian well (salt). Lincoln. (Saun-
ders). Washington. On mud in fresh water pools. Seattle. (Gardner).
California. In a small stream near Berkeley. September 1901. (Gardner).
Hawaii. On sides of wet rocks. Laupahoehoe, Island of Hawaii. July 1900.
(Tilden).

Var. uncinata Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184, pl. 19. f. 22-24. 1903. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 175.
1907.

Myxophyceae 77

Trichomes flexuous, coiled; apical cell very long, hooked.

Washington. On damp mud at the bottom of a pool nearly dried up.
Oak Harbor, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

151. Oscillatorja amoena (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 245. pl. 7. f.
9. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 175. 1907.

Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook
and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission,
Massachusetts. 127. 1806. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Ex-
pedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 397. 1901.

Plate IV. fig. 26,

Trichomes 2.5-5 mic. in diameter, scattered or forming a mass, elongate,
straight, flexible, slightly constricted at the joints; apex of trichome grad-
ually tapering, capitate, hooked or undulate; apical cell furnished with a
depressed conical calyptra; cells 2.5-4.2 mic. long (apical cell longer); trans-
verse walls marked by two finely granulated lines; cell contents dull blue-
green.

Alaska. Forming a soft, felt-like, dark bluish green mass, 3-Io mm.
thick, of indefinite extent, lining the bottom of the outlet of a hot spring.
The water in the outlet where the plant was abundant ranged from 80° F.,
some distance from the spring, to 120° F., near the spring. Near Sitka.
(Saunders). Massachusetts, On rocks and trunks of trees. (Collins).

152. Oscillatoria subuliformis Kuetzing. Diag. und Bemerk. Algenspecies.
Oster-progress. 7. 1863. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 246. 1893. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 176. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33. 1881. Collins. Algae of
Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket.
4. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and adjacent
waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: go. 1889. Wolle and
Martindale, Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol.
Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of
Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894.

Plate IV. fig. 27.

Plant mass dull green; trichomes 4.7-6.5 mic. in diameter, much elon-
gated, flexuous, undulating, not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome
tapering for some distance, especially flexuous; apical cell obtuse, not capi-
tate; calyptra none; cells 4.7-6.5 mic. in length (apical cell up to Io mic.
long); cell contents finely granular, sometimes showing large refringent
granules.

Maine. On rocks near Seal Harbor. (Collins). Massachusetts, Salt
marshes. Charles River, Cambridge. (Farlow). Mystic River marshes; on
wharves. (Collins). New Jersey. In brackish ditches and pools. Atlantic
City. (Morse, Martindale). Staten Island. (Pike).

153. Oscillatoria salinarum Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am., Fasc. 24. no. 1160. 1904. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 176. 1907.

78

Collins. New species, etc., issued in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana,
Rhodora, 8: 105. 1906. ee.

Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, somewhat flexuous, sometimes coiled
in a regular circle, very much constricted at joints; apex of trichome taper-
ing, slightly curved, obtuse; calyptra none; cells nearly or quite as long
as broad.

West Indies. Ditches of salt works. Salinas Bay, near Guanica, Porto
Rico. June 1903. (Howe).

154. Oscillatoria laetevirens Crouan. Liste des Algues marine découvertes
dans le Finistére, etc. Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 7: 371. 1860. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 246. pl. 7. f. 11. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 177.
1907.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden, Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian
Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 113. 1901; American Algae.
Cent. V. no. 496. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 22. no. 1054. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903. West. West Indian Fresh-
water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of
the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl.
Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 28.

' Plant mass thin, membranaceous, bright blue-green; trichomes 3-5 mic.
in diameter, straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the joints; apex of
trichome briefly tapering, undulating and hooked, rarely straight; apical
cell more or less obtuse or somewhat pointed, not capitate; calyptra none;
cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated or cell contents uni-
formly granular, yellowish green.

Maine. On woodwork under old tide mill. Harpswell. July 1903. (Col-
lins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a film on old
gtassy bottom, brackish marsh pool. Cook’s Point. June. (Holden). Wash-
ington. In salt marsh. Head of Penn’s Cove, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
West Indies. On roots of mangroves in brackish swamp. Near Bridgetown;
Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados. (Howard). Hawaii. Forming a delicate,
bright blue-green stratum covering bottom of tide pool in rocks into which
water splashes at high tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden). Washings
from marine algae. (Schauinsland).

155. Oscillatoria acuminata Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 247. pl. 7. f. 12. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 177. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1303. 1906.
Plate IV. fig. 29.

Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 3-5 mic, in diameter, straight, fragile,
sometimes slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering,
very sharply pointed, hooked or twisted, not capitate; apical cell mucronate;
calyptra none; cells 5.5-8 mic. in length; transverse walls granulated or en-
tire cell contents filled with granules,

Myxophyceae 79

California. Floating in warm salt water from a power house. Oakland.
October 1905, June 1906. (Gardner),

156, Oscillatoria animalis Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. to: 632. 1827.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 247. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 178.
1907.
Mazé and Schramm, Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877.
(O.thermalis Crouan).

Plate IV. fig. 30.

Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 3-4 mic, in diameter, straight, fragile,
not constricted at the joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, sharply
pointed, hooked or twisted, not capitate; apical cell mucronate; calyptra
none; cells 1.6-5 mic. in length; transverse walls here and there granulated;
protoplasmic contents finely granular.

North America, (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and
Schramm). :

157. Oscillatoria violacea (Wallroth) Hassall. British Freshwater Algae.
254. pl. 72. f. 10. 1845. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 179. 1907.

Wolle, Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 311. pl. 206. f. 10. 1887. Bennett. Plants of
Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora
of the State, and new or noteworthy species from various localities. Bot.
Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta, Flora of
Nebraska. 21. 1894.

Plate IV. fig. 31.

Plant mass membranaceous, dull green or lead-colored; trichomes 4-4.5
mic. in diameter, straight, narrow, tangled; apical cell drawn out to a thin
point; cells shorter than the diameter of trichome; transverse walls granu-
lated; cell contents finely granular, violet or sky-blue in color.

Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Pennsylvania. Most frequent in
greenhouses. (Wolle). Nebraska, In greenhouse at University. Lincoln.
(Bessey, Saunders).

158. Oscillatoria brevis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 186. 1843. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 249. pl. 7. f. 14, 15. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 180. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877; Fresh-
Water Algae. U. S. 312. pl. 207. f. 8. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:
609. 1889. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 77. 1894; List of Fresh-
Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1:
235. 1895; American Algae. Century VI. no. 597. 1902. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1158. 1904. West. West Indian
Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. (Also O. subbrevis
Schmidle?).

Plate IV. fig. 32.

Plant mass olive green; trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, scattered or
in masses, especially straight, fragile, not constricted at joints; here and

80 Minnesota Algae

there interrupted by inflated, refringent cells; apex of trichome somewhat
pointed, briefly tapering, hooked or twisted, not capitate; calyptra none;
cells 1.5-2.8 mic. in diameter; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents
finely granular.

New York, Forming an extended stratum on a shaded deposit of mud
after an inundation. Buffalo, (Wolle). New Jersey. Fresh water, in
marshes, frequent. (Wolle). Minnesota. Growing on clods of damp earth
in greenhouse. St. Paul. November 1894; in pool coating bottom, submerged
leaves and sticks, Lincoln Park, Duluth. (Tilden). California. Pool by
roadside. North Berkeley. February 1903. (Gardner). West Indies.
(Kunze). Near Bridgetown; Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

Var. neapolitana (Kuetz.) Gomont. 1. c. 249. De Toni. 1. c. 181.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1304. 1906.

Trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome hooked or twisted.

California. In pool in salt marsh. Oakland, July 1905. (Gardner).

1s9. Oscillatoria cruenta Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: I00.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 182. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 312. pl. 206. f. 5; pl. 207. f. 1-3. 1887.
Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guate-
mala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908.

Plant mass mucous, dark purple; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apical
cell obtuse, straight, rarely slightly curved; cells 2-4 mic. in length; trans-
verse walls granulated; cell contents pale brown or blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Imbedded in large submerged hyaline or greenish or
purplish, firm gelatinous masses of irregular form, averaging about the size
of a man’s head. In mountain spring at about 1500 feet elevation. (Wolle).
Central America. Abundant, forming a flat, gelatinous, striated stratum,
brownish in color, about 4 mm. thick, obtained from the surface between
pools of hot water. Laguna. January 1906. (Meek). :

160, Oscillatoria formosa Bory. Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. 12: 474. 1827.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 250, 1893. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 182.

1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 16. 1870-1877. (O.
thermalis). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 192, 1896. Col-

lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 710. 1900. Bessey,
Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot.
Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Collins, The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am.
Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. 1901. Tilden. Algae collecting in the Hawaiian
Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 166.
1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1053.
103. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora.
7: 172. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 33.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, straight,
elongate, flexuous, usually slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome
somewhat obtuse and briefly tapering or rotund, hooked, not capitate; calyp-

Myxophyceae 81

tra none; cells 2.5-5 mic. long; transverse walls sometimes finely granulated;
cell contents bright blue-green.

Canada. In tufts floating in water or on muddy bottom; in great abun-
dance in the impure water just below mouth of city sewer. Kettle Creek, St.
Thomas, Ontario. November 1896. (Lees). Connecticut. Floating in
stagnant marsh pool near “Fresh Pond” (brackish). Stratford. May 1goo.
(Holden). Minnesota. University plant house, Minneapolis. January
1897. (Tilden). Nebraska. In culture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey).
California. Mountain lake, San Francisco. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gard-
ner), West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm). In still water.
Roaring River, near St. Ann’s Bay. March 1893; Castleton. April 1893. (Hum-
phrey). Hawaii. On sides of cliff at falls. Waialuka River, Hilo, Island
of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

161. Oscillatoria numidica Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 251. 1893. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 183. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 78. 1894; List of fresh-water Algae
collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895; Ameri-
can Algae: Cent. VI. no. 598. 1902.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, straight,
fragile, constricted at joints, gradually tapering for some distance from the
apex; apex of trichome curved or undulating; apical cell obtuse, not capi-
tate; calyptra none; cells 2-8 mic. long; transverse walls not granulated; cell
contents uniformly granular; pale blue-green.

Minnesota. In tanks clinging to water plants. Greenhouse. Minneapolis.
November 1894. (Tilden). On floating leaves and grasses in pool in stone
quarry. Minneapolis. October 1901. (Hone).

162. Oscillatoria cortiana Meneghini. Conspectus Algol. eugan. 8. 1837.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 251. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 183.
1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877;

Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 313. pl. 206. f. 15. 1887.

Plate IV. fig. 34.

’

Plant mass dull or dark blue-green; trichomes 5§.5-8 mic. in diameter,
especially straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the joints, gradually ta-
pering for some distance from the apex, curved or undulating at the -ex-
tremity; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 5.4-8.2 mic.
in length (apical cell up to 14 mic. long); transverse walls not granulated;
cell contents showing scattered protoplasmic granules, blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Floating on hot waste water at a large steam mill. Near
Bethlehem. (Wolle.)

163. Oscillatoria okeni Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. 10: 633. 1827. Go-
mont. Monogr. Oscill. 252. pl. 7. f. 18. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 185. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903.

82 Minnesota Algae

Plate IV. fig. 35.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 5.5-9 mic. in diameter, straight
(in dried material fragile), evidently constricted at joints, gradually taper-
ing for some distance from apex; apex of trichome undulating, hooked or
curved at extremity; apical cell obtuse or somewhat pointed, not capitate;
calyptra none; cells 2.7-4.5 mic. in length; apical cell somewhat quadrate
or up to 8 mic. in length; cell contents finely granular.

Washington. In pond of brackish water. Monroe’s Landing, near
Coupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

164. Oscillatoria chalybea Mertens in Jirgens. Algae aquat. Decas 13. no.
4. 1822. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 252. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 185. 1907.
Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 314. pl. 206. f. 17-21. 1887. Tilden.
A new Oscillatoria from California. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 23: 58. 1896.
(O. trapezoidea Tilden). Setchell. Oscillatoria trapezoidea Tilden.
Erythea. 4: 69. 1896. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the
Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Snow. The
Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1001. 1903. (O.

chalybea genuina). Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 36.

Plant mass dark green; trichomes 8-13 mic. in diameter, fragile,
straight, or sometimes twisted in loose spirals, slightly constricted at joints,
gradually tapering for a long distance from the apex; apex hooked or
curved; apical cell obtuse, not capitate; calyptra none; cells 3.6-8 mic. long;
transverse walls not at all or scarcely granulated; cell contents finely
granular with scattered large refringent granules, dark blue-green.

North America. (Pike, Martindale, Farlow). Connecticut. Outlet of
Fresh Pond; on woodwork, rocks and Enteromorpha, below Yellow
Mill Bridge. May, June, November. (Holden). Florida. On wet ground,
(Wolle). Ohio, Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Nebraska.
In stagnant water. Waverly. (Bessey). California. Bottom of pond. Pasa-
dena. October, 1895. (McClatchie). Lake Chabot, San Leandro. June 1902.
(Osterhout and Gardner).

165. Oscillatoria subsalsa Agardh. Syst. Algar. 66. 1824. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 187. 1907.

Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 323. 1883.

Plant mass dark blue-green, mucous, radiating; trichomes 8-10 mic. in
diameter, straight, somewhat constricted at joints; apex of trichome equal
or slightly tapering, obtuse, straight or curved; cells 4-5 mic. in length;
cell contents granular, pale blue-green.

Greenland, “According to a label it grows ‘in fossis submarinis.’ Baffin
Bay: Tessarmiut on the west coast of Greenland according to specimens
in the herbarium of the Copenhagen Museum.”—Kjellman.

166. Oscillatoria percursa Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 189. 1843. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 187. 1907.

Mackenzie. A preliminary list of Algae collected in the neighborhood
of Toronto. Proc. of Can. Inst. III. 7: 270. i8go.

Plant mass thin, green; trichomes 15.5-18.5 mic. in diameter, some-
times solitary, straight; apex of trichome usually curved, somewhat taper-
ing, obtuse-truncate; cells 4-6 mic. in length; dissepiments evidently gran-
ulated; cell contents very finely granular, pale blue-green.

Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie).

167. Oscillatoria boryana Bory. Dict. Class. d’Hist. Nat. 12: 465. 1827.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 254. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 188.
1907.

_ Tilden, Notes on a collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol.

Soc. Wash. 21: 153. 1908.

Plate IV. fig. 37, 38.

Plant mass dark lead-colored; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, forming a
Jax and regular spiral through their entire length, or straight and hooked
at the apex, flexuous, constricted at joints; apex of trichome more or less
pointed, not capitate; apical cell rotund or acute conical; calyptra none;
cells 4-6 mic. in length; transverse walls here and there finely granulated;
cell contents showing a few protoplasmic granules.

Central America. Forming a dark velvety mass in a small stream of
warm water a little distance from a hot spring on bank of river. Altitude
3,950 feet. Rio Michatoya, near Lake Amatitlan. January 1906. (Kellerman).

168. Oscillatoria terebriformis Agardh. Aufzahlung, etc. Flora. 10: 634.
1827, Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 254. pl. 7. f. 24. 1893. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 189. 1907.
Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook
and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission,
Massachusetts. 127. 1896.

Plate 1V. fig. 39.

Plant mass dark lead-colored; trichomes 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, flex-
uous, straight below, loosely spiralled and terebriform above, not con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering, rarely hooked; api-
cal cell rotund or truncate; calyptra none; cells 2.5-6 mic. in length; trans-
verse walls usually granulated.

Massachusetts. On rocks and trunks of ny (Collins).

169. Oscillatoria subtorulosa (Brébisson) Farlow. Marine Algae of New
England. 33. 1881. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: I91. 1907.

Hay and Mackay. List of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces
of Canada, with Notes. Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada. 5: 1887. Collins.
Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888.

Trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; cells
nearly quadrate. ‘

84 Minnesota Algae

Canada. On floating balls of Polysiphonia. Pictou Harbor, Nova
Scotia. (Mackay). Maine, Forming slimy patches on wharves. Eastport.
(Farlow). Massachusetts. Wood’s Holl. (Farlow).

Genus TRICHODESMIUM Ebrenberg.
Ann, Physik. u, Chemie. 18: 506, 1830.

Plants forming scale-like, disconnected, free-floating colonies quickly
dissolving into mucous; trichomes cylindrical, without sheaths; apex of
trichome straight, tapering, slightly capitate; apical cell truncate-conical,
furnished with a convex calyptra.

Floating in great abundance in the ocean, especially in equatorial re-
gions. 3
I Trichomes straight. T. erythraeum

II Trichomes flexuous or spirally twisted.

1 Colonies up to 6 mm. in length; trichomes 7-16 mic. in diameter, not
constricted at joints, those in center of colony having the form

of twisted ropes, free at the ends T. thiebautii
2 Colonies spirally twisted, light yellow; trichomes 16-25 mic. in diame-
ter, twisted together into cords. T. contortum

170. Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg. Neue Beobachtungen iiber
blutartige Erscheinungen in Aegyptien, Arabien und Siberien. In
Poggendorf. Ann, Physik. u. Chem. 18: 506. 1830. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 216. pl. 5. f. 27-30. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 202. 1907.

Montagne. Mémoire sur le phénoméne de la coloration des eaux de la

Mer Rouge. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III. 2: 360. pl. 10. f. d. 1844. (T. hindsii).

Plate IV. fig. 40.

Colonies very short, scarcely I mm in length, purplish red (when dried
grayish green or dark brown); trichomes 7-11, rarely up to 21 mic. in
diameter, straight, parallel, constricted at joints, the more slender ones
with apices gradually tapering, the larger ones with apices very briefly
tapering; cells 5.4-11 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.

Central America. In dense masses of a beautiful red color, on surface
of ocean. The odor was pronounced and very disagreeable. San Salvador.
14° lat. N. April 1837. (Hinds).

It is interesting to note that it is the presence of this alga which has
caused the Red Sea to be so named. :

171. Trichodesmium thiebautii Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homo-
cystées. Morot. Journ, de Bot. 4: 356. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 217.
pl. 6. f. 2-4. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 203. 1907.

West Jun., W. Some Oscillarioideae from the Plankton. Journ, of Bot.
27: 337. 1899. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34:
618. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 41, 42.

Colonies up to 6 mm. in length (in dried material dark green); trich-

Myxophyceae 85

omes 7-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, those in center of
colony having the form of twisted ropes, free at the ends; apex of trich-
ome briefly tapering or sometimes inflated; cells 8-26 mic. in length, rarely
somewhat quadrate; transverse walls often granulated; cell contents coarse-
ly granular,

West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Thiebaut). In plankton. (Murray and Black-
man. Hawaii. In plankton between the islands of Hawaii and Laysan.
1896-1897. (Schauinsland).

172. Trichodesmium contortum Wille in Brandt. Nordisches Plankton.
Lief. 2. Abt. 20. 18. f. 14. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 204. 1907.
Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 618. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 43.

Colonies spirally twisted, light yellow; trichomes 16-25 mic. in diame-
ter, twisted together into cords; cells somewhat quadrate; cell contents
uniformly granular,

Hawaii, In plankton between the Islands of Hawaii and Laysan. 1896-
1897. (Schauinsland).

Genus ARTHROSPIRA Stizenberger. Hedwigia. 1: 32. 1852.

Trichomes multicellular, cylindrical, without a sheath, forming a very
regular, more or less loose spiral; apex of trichome sometimes tapering;
apical cell rotund; calyptra none.

I. Trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, forming a loose spiral 9-15 mic. in
diameter, the distance between the turns being 21-31 mic.
A, jenneri

Il Trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter, forming a rather loose spiral about
6 mic, in diameter, the distance between the turns being 16-18 mic.
A. gomontiana

173. Arthrospira jenneri (Kuetzing) Stizenberger. Spirulina and Arthro-
spira. Hedwigia. 1: 32. 1852. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 267. pl. 7. f.
26. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 206. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 323. pl. 210. f. 2. 1887. (Spirulina
jenneri Kuetz.) Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Til-
den, List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn.
Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of
Nebraska. 23. pl. 1. f. 7. 1894. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio
Nat. 3: 317. 1902. Brown. Algal periodicity in certain ponds and streams.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908.

Plate IV. fig. 44.

Plant mass thin; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, often growing among
other algae, fragile, forming a loose ‘spiral 9-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes
slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering, nor capitate;
cells quadrate or shorter than the diameter, 4-5 mic. long; transverse walls
sometimes finely granulated; cell contents scarcely granular, dark blue-
green.

Rhode Island. Quidnessett. (Bennett). New York, In some abun-
dance near Schenectady. (Holden). Pennsylvania. In stagnant water.
(Wolle). Ohio. Sandusky Bay. (Riddle). Indiana. Edge of Monon
Pond, Bloomington. (Brown). Minnesota. Home Brook, Gull Lake Bi-
ological Station, Cass County. July 1893. (Tilden): In lake two miles west
of Inver Grove, St. Paul. April 1908. (Misz). Nebraska. Found occa-
sionally in stagnant water about Lincoln. (Saunders).

174. Arthrospira gomontiana Setchell. Notes on some Gyanophyceae ot
New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 430. 1895. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 208. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 155. 1896.
Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7:
235. 1905.

Plant mass floating, verdigris-green; trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter,
regularly twisted into a rather loose spiral about 6 mic. in diameter, the
distance between the turns being 16-18 mic.; apical cell not at all capitate;
cells 4-5 mic. in length; transverse walls indistinct, with few granules; cell
contents usually showing large vacuoles, light blue-green.

Connecticut. Floating in verdigris-green patches, on the pool below
Factory Pond, Bridgeport. July 1895. (Setchell and Holden).

Genus SPIRULINA Turpin.
Dict. d’hist. nat. de Levrault. 50: 309. 1827.

Trichomes unicellular, cylindrical, without a sheath, forming a regu-
lar, more or less loose or close spiral; apex of trichome not tapering; cell
contents homogeneous or slightly granular,

I. Turns of the spiral not close together.

1 Trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, forming a more or less loose,
somewhat irregular spiral 3,2-5 mic. in diameter, the distance be-
tween the turns being 3-5 mic. S. meneghiniana

2 Trichomes 1.2-1.7 mic. in diameter, forming a somewhat loose, regu-
lar spiral 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns
being 2.7-5 mic. S. major

3 Trichomes 2 mic. in diameter, forming an especially regular spiral 5
mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 5 mic.

S. nordstedtii

4 Trichomes .6-.9 mic. in diameter, forming an especially regular spiral
1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 1.2-2
mic. S. subtilissima

5 Trichomes .4 mic. in diameter, forming an especially regular spiral
1.4-1.6 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 1 mic.

S. tenerrima

6 Trichomes .9 mic. in diameter, forming a very loose spiral 1.5 mic.

in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3.2 mic.
S. caldaria

Myxophyceae 87

II Turns of the spiral close together.

1 Trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, forming a dense regular spiral
3-4.5 mic. in diameter, the turns being contiguous
S. versicolor
2 Trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, forming a somewhat irregular dense
or rarely regular spiral 3-5 mic. in diameter, the turns being con-
tiguous or nearly so S. subsalsa

III Trichomes forming slender, flat, continuous bands (when untwisted
forming a complete ring), normally flattened and twisted, with
one to four or more turns. S. duplex

175. Spirulina meneghiniana Zanardini. Notozie intorno alle Cellulari ma-
rine delle Lagune e de littorale di Venezia. Atti del I. R. Istituto
veneto. 6: 80. 1847. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 270. pl. 7. f. 28. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 209. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae—VI. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 23. 1: 1896; Preliminary “Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900; Notes on Algae—IV. Rhodora. 3: 289, 1901.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 852. 1901.

Plate IV. fig. 45.

Plant mass compact, blue-green; trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter,
flexuous, curved, twisted into a more or less loose, somewhat irregular
spiral, 3.2-5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3-5 mic.;
cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts. In scattered filaments among other algae in a ditch of
brackish water, salt marshes. Revere. August 1893; in considerable quantity
in rock tide pools above high water mark, but reached by spray in stormy
weather, on the Marblehead shore, near Clifton Station. July rgo1. (Col-
lins).

176. Spirulina major Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 183. 1843. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 271. pl. 7. f. 29. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 210. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 79. 1894. (S. subsalsa Oersted);.
List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 1: 236. 1895; American Algae. Cent. II. no. 193. 1896; Observations
on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. 1898. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 501. 1898. Setchell.
Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 54. 1899. Bessey, Pound and
Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebras-
ka. 5: 14: IQOI. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23.
no. 1102. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182. 1903. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of
Towa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 15. 1908.

Plate IV. fig. 46.

Plant mass dark blue-green; trichomes 1.2-1.7 mic. in diameter, usually
scattered among other algae, more or less flexuous, twisted into a some~
what loose, regular spiral 2.5-4 mic. in diameter, the distance between the
turns being 2.7-5 mic.

88 Minnesota Algae

Canada. Forming a very slippery but firm brownish black stratum and
also scattered among other algae. Warm sulphur spring, Banff, Alberta.
June igor. (Butler and Polley). Minnesota. Twin Lakes, Hennepin
County. October 1894. (Tilden). Iowa, Slough. Ontario. (Buchanan).
South Dakota, In artesian water. Iroquois. September 1897. (Saunders).
Nebraska. In salt creek, Lincoln. (Bessey). Wyoming. On surface of
still pool into which overflow runs. Temperature 41° C. Mammoth Hot
Springs. July 1896. (Tilden). Overflow of channel of geyser. Temperature
44°-54.5° C. Spasmodic Geyser. Upper Geyser Basin. Yellowstone
National Park. 1897. (Weed). Utah, Forming a whitish brittle scum
in hot water. Bick’s Hot Spring, Salt Lake -City, July 1897. (Tilden).
Washington. In pools of slightly brackish water. Monroe’s Landing, near
Coupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). California. (Parish and Mc-
Clatchie). Hawaii. Mixed with other algae, on sides of wet rocks. Laup-
ahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

This species is quite common in both the calcareous and silicious waters
of Yellowstone Park. It is generally found with other algae.

177. Spirulina nordstedtii Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 272. 1893. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 212. 1907.

Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. ’

Plant mass olive green; trichomes 2 mic. in diameter, fragile, twisted
into an especially regular spiral 5 mic. in diameter, the distance between
the turns being 5 mic.; cell contents pale blue-green.

Maine. (Collins).

178. Spirulina subtilissima Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 183. 1843. Gomont. Mon-
ogr. Oscill. 272. pl. 7. f. 30. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 212.
1907.

Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 14. IgoI. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1103. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sand-
wich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 47.

Plant mass mucous, dark green; trichomes .6-.9 mic. in diameter, ag-
glutinated, flexuous, twisted into an especially regular spiral 1.5-2.5 mic. in
diameter, the distance between the turns being 1.2-2 mic.; cell contents
very pale green or yellowish.

Nebraska. In salt creek. Lincoln. (Bessey). California, In outflow
from a sulphur spring. Mt. Diablo. Contra Costa County. July 1900. (Oster-
hout). Hawaii. Washings from marine algae. Laysan Island. 1896-1897.
(Schauinsland).

179. Spirulina tenerrima Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 183. 1843. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 272. 1893. De ‘Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 213. 1907.
Trichomes mixed with other algae, .4 mic. in diameter, twisted into
au especially regular spiral 1.4-1.6 mic. in diameter, the distance between
the turns being 1 mic.; cell contents very pale blue-green,

Myxophyceae ; 89

United States, On damp earth. (Farlow).

180, Spirulina caldaria Tilden. Observations on some West American

Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 103. pl. 8. f. 20. 1908. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 216. 1907.

Plate IV. fig. 48.

Plant mass widely expanded, dark blue-green; trichomes .9 mic. in
diameter, short, somewhat straight and stiff, forming a very loose spiral
1.5 mic. in diameter, the distance between the turns being 3.2 mic.

Canada. Forming a thick richly colored stratum on the surface of hot

water very near the outlet of the springs. Natural Sulphur Springs. Banff.
August 1897. (Tilden).

181. Spirulina versicolor Cohn in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 292. 186s.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 273. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 213.
1907.

Collins, Notes on New England Marine Algae.—VII. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 23: 458. 1896; Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900.

Plant mass delicate, mucous, dark purple; trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in
diameter, flexuous, twisted into a dense regular spiral 3-4.5 mic. in diameter,
the turns being close together; cell contents violet-purple.

Maine. Among other algae on a mooring buoy that had been hauled up
on the beach. Cape Rosier. July 1896. (Collins).

Lyngbya gracilis and Spirulina versicolor “are, as far
as I know, the only marine Nostochineae of ared color found in Amer-
ica; and it is somewhat interesting that both should have been found at
the same time and place. The object on which they grew gives some-
what unusual conditions for the growth of algae; practically uniform depth
combined with considerable movement of the water. It would hardly be
safe to draw the conclusion that these conditions tended to produce the
exceptional color, but it is of interest to note that the localities given by
Gomont for both species are in the Mediterranean, Adriatic and Baltic, in
all of which the tidal movement is quite small.’”—Collins.

182. Spirulina subsalsa Oersted. Beretning om en Excursion til Trindelen,
alluvial Dannelse i Odensfjord. Nat. Tidskr. 17. pl. 7. f. 4. 1842. Go-
mont. Monogr. Oscill. 273. pl. 7. f. 32. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 214. 1907.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton, Algae Americae borealis exsiccatae. Fasc.
I-IV. no. 478. 1877. (S. tenuissima Kg.) Farlow. Marine Algae of
New England. 31. pl. 2. f. 4. 1881. Kjellman. The Algae of the Arctic Sea.
324. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-water Algae. U. S. 323. pl. 210. f. 3. 1887. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County, Massachusetts. 15. 1888; Marine Algae of Nan-
tucket. 4. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and
adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 90. 1889. Wolle
and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 610. 1889. Collins, Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora
of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894. Saunders, Protophyta-Phyco-

go

phyta. Flora of Nebraska. 23. pl. 1. f. 6. 1804. Rowenmsemgse cate. aes nd
Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 163. 1894. Collins,
Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fase. 6. no. 252. 1897. Rosenvinge.
Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd. om Groen-
land. 20: 121. 1898. Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—
V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of
Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 182. 1903. West. West
Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 293. 1904. Collins. Phyco-
logical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905. Borge-
sen and Jonsson. The distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea
and of the northernmost part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Ap-
pendix. XXV. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan
and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 96. 1908.

Plate IV. fig. 49.

Plant mass dark blue-green or greenish-yellow; trichomes often mixed
with other algae, 1-2 mic. in diameter, twisted into a somewhat irregular
dense (here and there loose), or rarely regular spiral, 3-5 mic. in diameter,
the turns being contiguous to each other or almost so.

Greenland. Growing in cavities with brackish water among mouldering
aigae. Tessarmiut, Baffin Bay. (Wormskiold). West Greenland, south of
61° lat. N. (Rosenvinge). West Greenland and Atlantic North America.
(Bérgesen and Jonsson). Maine. Mixed with other algae, forming dark
purple-colored patches on the wharves at low-water mark. Eastport. (Far-
low). On rocks on shore near Seal Harbor. (Collins). (West). New
Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Gloucester, Cambridge, Wood’s
Hole. (Farlow). Everett and Medford; on wharves, Nantucket. (Collins).
Connecticut. In large jelly-like masses on stalks of Ruppia in Fresh
Pond (brackish), Stratford. July 1892. (“Could take it up in jelly-like masses
half an inch thick, pure Spirulina”). (Holden). . New York. Frequent
in sulphur springs. Clifton. (Wolle). New Jersey. Mixed with Oscil-
latoria. Atlantic City. (Morse). Swimming River, Monmouth County.
(Britton). Staten Island. (Pike). Mixed with other minute forms, Atlantic
City. (Martindale). Florida. Glen Cove Spring. (Wolle). Nebraska.
Frequent in salt water. Lincoln. (Saunders). Central America. Growing
in very warm water. Guatemala. (Meek). West Indies. On the roots of
mangroves. Near Bridgetown; Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados. (Howard).

Forma oceanica (Crouan) Gomont. 1. c. 274. De Toni. 1. c. ars.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 954. 1902.

Trichomes I mic. in diameter, somewhat straight in outline, twisted
into a regular spiral.

Washington, Floating in slightly brackish water. Crocket’s Lake. June
1901; in mud of pools of brackish water on salt marshes, Whidbey Island.
(Gardner).

183. Spirulina duplex Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 323. pl. 210. f. 4, 5.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 216. 1907.

Myxophyceae gl

Plate IV. fig. 50, 51.

Trichomes 2 mic. in diameter, when twisted 75-200 mic. long, having
form of slender, flat, strap-like, continuous bands (when untwisted form-
ing a complete ring), normally flattened and twisted, with one to four or
more turns.

Minnesota. Frequent in pool near Minneapolis. (Wolle).

Genus PHORMIDIUM Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 190. 1843.

Filaments simple, forming a woolly or felt-like layer or rarely float-
ing, attached at the base with free ends torn and ragged; sheaths thin,
transparent, mucous, agglutinated, partly or entirely diffluent; trichomes
cylindrical, in some species constricted at joints, never distinctly spiral;
apex of trichome often tapering, straight or curved, capitate or not capi-
tate; outer membrane of apical cell thickened into a calyptra in many
species.

I. Trichomes especially constricted at joints, even moniliform; apex of
trichome neither curved nor capitate.

1 Trichomes scarcely 4 mic. in diameter
(1) Plants living in hot or in brackish water; trichomes 1.2-2.3 mic.
in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate P, fragile
(2) Plants living in salt water; plant mass rose-colored; trichomes
1.7-2 mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter
P, persicinum
(3) Plants terrestrial, nestling in pits in rocks; trichomes 1.5 in diame-
ter; cells somewhat quadrate P. foveolarum
2 Trichomes 6-85 mic. in diameter P. tinctorium

JI Trichomes rarely or scarcely constricted at joints; apex of trichome
straight or curved, capitate in many species
1 Trichomes scarcely 3 mic. in diameter
(1) Plant mass purplish violet, reddish brown or scarlet
A Filaments somewhat straight; trichomes slightly constricted at
joints; transverse walls not granulated PP. luridum
B Filaments somewhat straight; trichomes fragile, frequently in-
terrupted, not constricted at joints; transverse walls rarely
visible P. rubrum
C Filaments very much twisted; trichomes not constricted at joints;
transverse walls marked by four protoplasmic granules
; ; P, purpurascens
D Filaments curved, entangled or arranged parallel with each other,
trichomes not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight,
neither tapering nor capitate P. crosbyanum
(2) Plant mass blue-green or olive.
A Plants living in hot water; plant mass expanded, lamellose, com-
posed of many superposed papery layers; trichomes .6-.8 mic.

92 Minnesota Algae

in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome
straight, not tapering P, treleasei

B Plant mass thin, membranaceous; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, tapering;
transverse walls granulated P. laminosum

C Plant mass thin, membranaceous; trichomes I-2 mic. in diameter,
slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome finally becom-
ing tapered and bent; transverse walls not granulated

P. tenue

D Plant mass thick, leathery; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, not
constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, obtuse
P, valderianum

E Plant mass lamellose; trichomes 2-2.8 mic. in diameter, slightly
constricted at joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, bent
or twisted P. subuliforme

2 Trichomes more than 3 mic. in diameter
(1) Apex of trichome straight, not capitate

A Apical cell obtuse conical
a Plant mass encrusted with calcium carbonate
P. incrustatum
b Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate
(a) Filaments somewhat straight; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diame-
ter; transverse walls covered by protoplasmic granules
P, inundatum
(b) Filaments flexuous; trichomes 3-4.5 mic. in diameter; cells
3.4-8 mic. in length; transverse walls conspicuous
P. corium
(c) Filaments strongly flexuous; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter;
cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls conspicuous
P. papyraceum
(d) Plant mass membranaceous, mucous; trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in
diameter, interrupted; apex of trichome straight, obtuse;
transverse walls sometimes finely granulated
P. interruptum
(e) Plant mass thin; trichomes 16-18 mic. in diameter, fre-
quently interrupted P. naveanum

B_ Apical cell not or scarcely tapering, truncate
a Sheaths thin, fragile, soon diffluent; trichomes 4.5-12 mic. in
diameter; cells 4-9 mic. in length P. retzii
b Sheaths firm, or mucous and diffluent, at times thick and lamel-
lose; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; cells 1.5-2.7 mic. in length.
P. ambiguum
(2) Apex of trichome straight, capitate
A Trichomes slightly constricted at joints P. submembranace-
um

Myxophyceae 93

B Trichomes not constricted at joints

a Plants epiphytic, living in salt water; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in
diameter, irregularly curved, very rarely Straight; apex of
trichome gradually tapering; cells 4-11 mic, in length

P. laysanense

b Plants living in warm or fresh water; trichomes 4.5-9 mic. in
diameter, elongate, flexuous; apex of trichome gradually ta-
pering; cells 3-7 mic. in length P. favosum

¢ Plants living in warm or fresh water; trichomes 6-8 mic. in
diameter, apex of trichome scarcely tapering; apical cell
oblique, depressed, conical P. éalidum

d Plants living in fresh water; trichomes 5.5-11 mic. in diameter,
Straight, fragile; apex of trichome briefly tapering; apical cell
straight, conical; cells 2-4 mic. in length

P. subfuscum
(3) Apex of trichome more or less curved, capitate

A Plant mass blue-green or dark brown

a Plants living in fresh water; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter;
apex of trichome curved or briefly spiraled

P. uncinatum

b Plants living on damp soil or on rocks, rarely under water;
trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome scarcely
curved, sometimes straight P. autumnale

B Plant mass dark purple P. setchellianum

184. Phormidium fragile (Meneghini ) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 183. pl. 4.
f. 13-15. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 220. 1907.

Collins, Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island,
Maine. 248. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. :
10. no. 451. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. West and West. A further Contri-
bution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.
34: 289. 1898-1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Re-
ported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901.

Plate IV. fig. 52, 53.

Plant mass mucous, lamellose, yellowish or dark blue-green; sheaths
gelatinous, fibrous, diffluent into mucous; trichomes 1.2-2.3 mic. in diame-
ter, more or less flexuous, entangled or somewhat parallel to each other,
constricted at joints; apex of trichome tapering; apical cell acute-conical;
calyptra none; cells 1.2-3 mic. long; cell contents not granular.

Maine. Forming a dull green, gelatinous stratum on woodwork. Near
Seal Harbor; forming an encrustation in a tide pool, York Island, Penob-
scot Bay, July 1894. (Collins). Massachusetts. Northern part. (Collins).
Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey). West Indies. In stream. Wot-
ten Waven, Dominica. (Elliott).

94 Minnesota Algae

185. Phormidium persicinum (Reinke) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 184. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 220. 1907.

Collins. Notes on Algae—II. Rhodora. 1: 11. 1900; Preliminary Lists
of New England Plants——V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. West.
West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ, of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 1401. 1907.

Plant mass a delicate, continuous, velvety, rose-colored coating on
marine shells; filaments loosely entangled; sheaths close, diffluent into
an amorphous mucus; trichomes 1.7-2 mic, in diameter, especially con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome tapering; apical cell acute conical;
calyptra none; cells 2-7 mic. in length; cell contents homogeneous.

Massachusetts. Forming a thin pink film on shells, mostly on the
Spirorbis which is often attached in great abundance to larger algae.
Nahant. June 1899. (Collins). In a jar in the Marine Biological Laboratory.
Wood’s Hole. May 1907. (Davis). West Indies. On roots of mangroves
in brackish swamp. Near Bridgetown, Barbados. (Howard).

186. Phormidium foveolarum (Montagne) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 164.
pl. 4. f. 16. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 221. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 54.

Plant mass very thin, orbicular, “nestling” in depressions of cretaceous
rocks, dark green; sheaths diffluent into an amorphous, gelatinous mucus;
trichomes about 1.5 mic. in diameter, variously twisted, parallel, constricted
at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none;
cells .8-2 mic. in length; cell contents not granular, pale blue-green.

Washington. Mixed with P. autumnale in ditches by the roadside.
Pleasant Ridge, near La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner).

187. Phormidium tinctorium Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 35. pl. 49. f. 3. 1845-
1849. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 182. pl. 4. f. 11. 1893. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 218. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 301. pl. 202. f. 22, 23. 1887. (Lyngbya tinc-
toria Kg.)

Plate IV. fig. 55.

Plant mass penicillate, elongate, attached at base, waving, gelatinous,
dark green, when dried yellowish purple, coloring paper violet; filaments
somewhat straight, collected in fascicles, parallel; sheaths very mucous
and diffluent; trichomes 6-8.5 mic. in diameter, much constricted at joints;
apex of trichome straight, occasionally very gradually tapering; apical cell
more or less acute conical or cylindrical conical; calyptra none; cells 5-11
mic. long; transverse walls not granulated; cells contents finely granular.

Arizona. In springs. April. (Pringle).

M. Gomont calls attention to the fact that the trichomes of this

Myxo 95

species resemble very much those of Microcoleus subtorulosus,
but the exterior aspect of the two plants is totally different.

188, Phormidium luridum (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 185. pl. 4.
f. 17, 18. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 222. 1907.

West and West. A further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the
West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc: Bot. 34: 289. 1898-1900. West. West In-
dian Fresh Water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904.

Plate IV. fig. 56, 57.

Plant mass membranaceous, lamellose, amethyst-purple or dark purple
cn the surface, gray or blue-green underneath; filaments somewhat straight;
sheaths at first thin, scarcely visible, soon dissolving into a compact, gelat-
inous mucus; trichomes 1.7-2 mic. in diameter, fragile, straight, variously
entangled,’ slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither curved
nor tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 1.8-4.7 mic. in length;
cell contents not granular.

West Indies, Growing on sides of road, Fort Charlotte, St. Vincent.
January and February 1896. (West). Roseau Valley, Dominica. (Howard).

189. Phormidium rubrum Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IT. no. 186. 1896.
Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz.
25: 100. pl. g. f. 18. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 223. 1907.

Plate IV. fig. 58.

Plant mass forming a thin layer, scarlet in color; filaments somewhat
straight; sheaths visible only under high powers; trichomes I mic. in
diameter, fragile, frequently interrupted, not constricted at joints; apex
cf trichome neither curved nor tapering; cells 1-1.2 mic. in length; trans-
verse walls rarely visible.

Wyoming. In tepid water, in overflow from small hillside spring. Be-
tween Middle and Upper Geyser Basins, Yellowstone National Park. July
1896. (Tilden).

190. Phormidium purpurascens (Kuetzing) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostoca-
cées homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr.
Oscill. 186. pl. 4. f. 19. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 223. 1907.

Plate IV. fig. 59.

Plant mass compact, leathery, dark violet; filaments strongly twisted,
closely entangled; sheaths narrow, papery, finally becoming diffluent and
agglutinated; trichomes 1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints;
apex of trichome neither tapering nor curved; apical cell rotund; calyptra
none; cells 2-4.5 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by four protoplas-
mic granules.

Wyoming. Together with Synechococcus aeruginosus and
Gloeocapsa violacea, forming black “stalactites,” 1.-1.5 dm. long
and .5 dm. in thickness, also serrated masses or extended sheets. These
hung from the top and lined the walls of a small cave in which was the
vent of a hot spring. At short intervals they received jets of steam and

96 Minnesota Algae

a spray of hot water. Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin,
Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden).

Further study proved that the Yellowstone specimens should be placed
under Hypheothrix calcicola (Ag.) Rab. However, since there is
some possibility that the material contains a mixture of the two species,
the above description is allowed to stand.

191. Phormidium crosbyanum Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1.
no. 645. 1909.
Plate IV. fig. 60, 61.

Plant mass 2 cm. in thickness, 5 cm. in diameter, impregnated with lime,
firm, somewhat hard, bluish green to brownish red in color; filaments
curved, entangled or arranged parallel with each other; sheaths extremely
delicate; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex
of trichome straight, neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell conical;
calyptra none; cells 1.5-5 mic. long.

Hawaii. Forming reddish brown, flattened-globose cushions on upper
side of rock shelf, between tides. Waianae, Oahu, May 1900. (Tilden).

It is usually very difficult to make out the sheaths protruding beyond the
trichome, but empty sheaths are numerous.

192. Phormidium treleasei Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariées nouvelles.
Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 46: 37. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
234. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1006. 1903.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 186. 1903.

Plant mass expanded, lamellose, composed of many superposed papery
layers; filaments parallel, very slender, straight, rigid; sheaths very thin,
transparent, mucous, agglutinated; trichomes .6-.8 mic. in diameter, not con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, not tapering; apical cell ro-
tund; calyptra none; cells up to 8.8 mic. in length; cell contents pale blue-
green.

Canada. Hot Sulphur Springs, Banff, Alberta. June 1901. (Butler and
Polley). Arkansas. In hot springs. (Trelease).

193. Phormidium laminosum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.

187. pl. 4. f. 21, 22. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 225. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.
(O. elegans Ag.) Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 181. 1896,
Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 98.
f. 15. 1898. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported
Tlora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. I901. Saunders. The
Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. rgo1.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 185. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
21. no. 1003. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot.
42: 292. 1904. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala.

Myxophyceae 97

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. x.
no. 643. 1909.

Plate IV. fig. 62.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, expanded, pale blue-green, golden
yellow or brick-colored; filaments flexuous, densely entangled; sheaths
narrow, papery, mucous or entirely diffluent into an amorphous mucus;
trichomes I-I.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome
straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell acute conical; calyptra
none; ‘cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by four refringent
granules, usually inconspicuous; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska. Forming a thin, membranaceous stratum on perpendicular
rocks moistened by spray from a waterfall. Orca, Prince William Sound.
(Saunders). Pennsylvania. Quiet waters. (Wolle). Nebraska. In run-
ning water in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Wyoming. In overflow
water of spring where the old formation makes a hard, billowy or terraced
incline. The algae extend down the incline for a distance of twenty feet,
forming wide ribbons of green, alternating with bands of pink, yellow,
white and a darker green. Temperature of spring 91° C. Algal growth oc-
curs at a temperature of 51-55° C. Ribbon Spring, Norris Geyser Basin.
June 1896; in small shallow spring, expanding at top into leaf-like masses,
or tapering from bulbous head to a small tubular base, temperature 55° C.,
Valley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, June 1896; in grassy
rivulet, temperature 30° C., Mountain hot springs, Lower Geyser Basin,
June 1896; around edges of springs, forming brown and green layers which
turn gray or blackish out of water, temperature 63° C., Prismatic Lake,
Middle Geyser Basin, July 1896; forming ‘plumy strings, white or light
yellowish in color, temperature 75.5° C., Solitary Spring, Upper Geyser
Basin, July 1896; forming a whitish, scurfy, hardened, rather brittle scum
on surface of still pool into which overflow runs, temperature 41° C.,
Mammoth Hot Springs, July 1896, Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden).
Washington. In a water trough fed by a spring. San Juan Island. July 1go1.
(Gardner). Central America. In a pool of very warm water close to a
hot spring. Near Lake Amatitlan. January 1906. (Kellerman). West
Indies. Royal Botanical Gardens, St. Ann’s, Trinidad, (Howard).

This species was found to be “by far the most widespread and abun-
dant of any alga in the hot waters of the Park. Its habit of growth is
extremely varied, so that it is not easily recognized. It is the only species,
except Spirulina major, that, so far as I know, is found in both
calcareous and silicious waters in this region.”—Tilden.

Forma weedii Tilden. Observations on some West American Thermal
Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 99. pl. 9. f. 16. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 226. 1907.

Plant mass blue-green; filaments often strongly bent; sheaths not
visible, trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome sharply bent;
cells 1.5-2.5 mic. long; transverse walls generally distinct, sometimes
marked by granules; cell contents usually granular.

Wyoming. In overflow of channel. Temperature 49-54.3°! C. With
Spirulina major. Spasmodic Geyser, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellow-

stone National Park. 1897. (Weed).

98 Minnesota Algae

This plant is very near typical P. laminosum. The points of
difference are that the filaments are slightly greater in diameter, the apex
is almost invariably sharply bent, and the transverse walls may or may
not be marked by granules. Sometimes the entire cell contents are gran-

ular.

1904. Phormidium tenue (Meneghini) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 189. pl. 4. f.
23-25. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 227. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882.
(Oscillatoria detersa Stitz.); Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 310. 1887.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Tilden, American Algae.
Cent. II. no. 182. 1896; Observations on some West American Thermal
Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 100. pl. 9. f. 17. 1898. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 606. 1899. Bessey, Pound and Clements.
Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13.
IQOI. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 185. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae.
Journ. of Bot. 42: 292. 1904. Brown, Algal Periodicity in certain Ponds
and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908. Buchanan, Notes on
the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Plate IV. fig. 63-65.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, expanded, pale blue-green; filaments
elongate, somewhat straight, densely entangled; sheaths thin, finally dif-
fluent into a fibrous mucus; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, straight, slight-
ly constricted at joints; apex of trichome not capitate, at first straight,
afterwards becoming tapering and bent; apical cell acute-conical; calyptra
none; cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; transverse walls usually indistinct; cell
contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

Alaska. In various situations, submerged and emergent, in fresh water.
Walls of Amaknak Cave, Amaknak Island; Bay of Unalaska. (Setchell and
Lawson). Massachusetts. In fresh water. Naushon Island. August 1895.
(Nott). Rhode Island. Roger Williams Park. (Bennett). New York.
Stagnant waters. Rochester. (Wolle). Virginia. In a pool in Luray
Cave, 260 feet below the surface. (Seipt). Indiana. Edge of pond. Near
Bloomington. May, June 1907. (Brown). Iowa. Frequent. Fayette.
(Fink). On pots in greenhouse; in pond. Ames; in pond among decaying
rushes, bottom of the margin of the slough. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan).
Nebraska. On boards of mill-dam. Milford. (Bessey). Wyoming. Around
edges of spring, not covered by water, but water flows in little streams
through and around it. Mixed with P. laminosum. Temperature of
water 33° C. Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June
1896. (Tilden). Washington. Coupeville, Oak Harbor, Whidbey Island;
Seattle. (Gardner). West Indies. Near Bridgetown; Bay Estate; Graeme
Hall Swamp. Barbados. (Howard).

195. Phormidium valderianum (Delponte) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 187, pl.
4. f. 20. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 223. 1907.

Hariot. Algues du Golfe de Californie recueillies par M. Diguet. Journ.
de Bot. 9: 169. 1895. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New

Myxophyceae 99
England. 22: 430. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 3. no. 103. 1895. Tilden. List of fresh-water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898. Collins,
Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rhodora, 2:
42. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no.
1105. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 184. 1903. Tilden, Notes on a Collection of Algae
from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 644. 1909.

Plate IV. fig. 66.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in thickness, slimy, expanded, lamellose, the
upper layers dull green, the lower layers whitish; filaments flexuose, dense-
ly entangled; sheaths narrow, papery, finally diffluent into a tenaceous
mucus and becoming agglutinated; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, straight,
not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell ro-
tund; calyptra none; cells 3.3-6.7 mic. in length; transverse walls marked
by two or four protoplasmic granules; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska. On dripping timber of old mill. Sitka. (Setchell and Lawson).
Canada, Forming a thick, stratified mass. Warm sulphur spring. Banff,
Alberta. June i901. (Butler and Polley). Rhode Island. “Forming verdi-
gris-green gelatinous sheaths, later becoming chartaceous, on stones and
on leaves of Ruppia maritima in brackish water. Watch Hill Pond,
Watch Hill. September 1892.” (Setchell). Connecticut. (Collins).
Minnesota. In arm of Mississippi River (old channel). St. Paul Park.
October 1897. (Freeman). Gulf of California. In thermal water at 75°.
“Du ruisseau de l’Azufres au pied du volcan de las Virgenes.” Central
America. Associated with Nodularia harveyana. Laguna, Lake
Amatitlan, Guatemala. Altitude 3950 feet. February 1905. (Kellerman).

196. Phormidium subuliforme Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 189. pl. 4. f. 26.
1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 230. 1907.

Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901.

Plate IV. fig. 67.

Plant mass lamellose, yellowish green; sheaths diffluent into an amor-
phous, gelatinous mucus; trichomes 2-2.8 mic. in diameter, straight, con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome gradually tapering, bent or twisted,
not capitate; apical cell more or less acute-conical; calyptra none; cells
6-8 mic. in length; transverse walls distinct; cell contents homogeneous or
coarsely granular, blue green.

Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey).

197. Phormidium incrustatum (Naegeli) Gomont in Bornet and Flahault.
Sur quelques plantes vivant dans le test calcaire des Mollusques, in
Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 36: 154. 1889; Monogr. Oscill. 190. pl. 4. f

27, 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 230. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 183. 1896; List of fresh-water

100 Minnesota Algae

Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no, 1057. 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 68.

Plant mass encrusted with lime, crustaceous, very hard, dark red or
violet; filaments curved, entangled or erect-parallel; sheaths thin, mucous,
agglutinated; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints;
apex of trichome straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuse-
conical; calyptra none; cells 3.5-5.2 mic. in length; transverse walls usually
visible, sometimes granulated; cell contents showing scattered granules.

Wisconsin. In stream. Osceola. August 1895. (Tilden). California.
On the sides of a water trough. Berkeley. September 1902. (Osterhout
and Gardner).

Var. cataractarum (Naeg.) Gomont. |. c. 190. De Toni. 1. c. 231.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 302. pl. 202. f. 18, 19. 1887. Wolle
and Martindale, Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Brown. Algal periodicity in certain ponds
and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 248. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the
Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Filaments erect-parallel.

New Jersey. In rapid waters. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Frequent at
waterfalls, mill dams, etc., sometimes in cushion-like masses, two or three
inches in thickness. (Wolle). Indiana. Jordan Branch, Bloomington.
March to August 1907. (Brown). Iowa. Iowa City. (Hobby).

198. Phormidium inundatum Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 251. 1849. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 192. pl. 4. f. 31, 32. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 232. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882; Ex-
sicc. no. 108. (O. antliaria); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 303. pl. 202.
f. 24, 25. 1887. (L. inundata Kg.) Bennett Plants of Rhode Island.
114. 1888. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1002. 1903.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern: America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Pot. 1: 185. 1903. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 642.
1909.

Plate IV. fig. 60, 70.

Plant mass membranaceous, blue-green; filaments somewhat straight,
fragile; sheaths thin, diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 3-5
mic. in diameter, straight or curved, not constricted at joints; apex of
trichome straight, briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuse conical;
calyptra none; cells 4-8 mic. in length; transverse walls covered by proto-
plasmic granules.

United States. (Farlow). Margins of wayside ditches and the like.
(Wolle). Rhode Island. Geneva. (Bennett). South Carolina. On moist
earth. (Ravenel). Montana. On bottoms of dried alkali ponds. Billings.
September 1898. (Williams and Griffiths). Washington. On a dripping
water pipe. Seattle. May 1901. (Gardner).

Myxophyceae 101

199. Phormidium corium (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot, Journ, de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
I92. pl. 5. f. 1, 2, 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 235. 1907.
Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook
and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission,
Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 7. no. 304. 1897. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 399. 1900.
Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the
Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Setchell
and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:
185. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II.
Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate IV. fig. 71, 72.

Plant mass widely expanded, membranaceous, leathery, dark blue-green
or black; filaments elongate, more or less flexuous, densely entangled;
sheaths thin, papery, or diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes
3-4.5 mic, in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight,
briefly tapering, not capitate; apical cell obtuse conical; calyptra none;
cells 3.4-8 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated, usually con-
snicuous; cell contents sometimes granular, blue-green.

Greenland. (Borgesen). Massachusetts. On cliff. Middlesex Fells.
(Collins). Connecticut. On stonework of dam at R. R. crossing. Bruce’s
Brook; on woodwork of dam, Island Brook, below Housatonic R. R.;
on stonework of dam at Moody’s Pond, May 1894, Bridgeport. (Holden).
South Carolina. On rocks and timbers under dam at mill. Chester County.
May 1898. (Green). Nebraska. In ponds. South Bend, Long Pine. (Bes-
sey, Pound and Clements).

200. Phormidium papyraceum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
193. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 1907. -
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 14. no. 653. 1900.
Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and
Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 493. I901. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.Am. Fasc, 21. no. 1004. 1903.

Plate IV. fig. 73, 74.

Plant mass expanded, glistening, thin, leathery, fragile when dried,
dark green; filaments elongate, strongly flexuous, very densely entangled;
shcaths thin, papery, sometimes diffluent; trichomes 3-5 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, briefly tapering, not
capitate; apical cell obtuse-conical; calyptra none; cells 2-4 mic. in length;
transverse walls usually conspicuous, not granulated; cell contents some-
times granular, blue-green.

Maine. On stones at low water mark, outlet of fresh water brook, but
within-influence of tide. Cape Rosier. July 1901. (Collins). Massachusetts.
In brook on stones under falling water. Medford. April 1896. (Collins).

102 Minnesota Algae

Hawaii. On sides of wooden irrigation flume where water dripped through.
Kahuku Plantation, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

zo1. Phormidium interruptum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 33. pl. 45. f. 7. 1845.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 228. 1907.

Plate IV. fig. 75.

Plant mass membranaceous, mucous, blue-green; sheaths firm; trich-
omes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter, flexuously curved, interrupted; apex of trich-
ome straight, obtuse; cells 2.5-3.2 mic. in length; transverse walls some-
times finely granulated; cell contents usually homogeneous, yellowish
green.

Vermont. Charlotte. (Wolle).

202. Phormidium naveanum Grunow in Nave. Vorarbeiten zu einer Kryp-
togamenflora von Mahrens. Verhandl. der Naturforsch. Vereins in
Brinn. 40, 1864. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 228. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 208. pl. 201. f. 1, 2. 1887.

Plate IV. fig. 76.

Plant mass thin, dull green becoming olive brown; filaments 15-18 mic.
in diameter, more or less parallel; sheaths very wide, loosely cohering, firm,
colorless; trichomes frequently interrupted; cells two or three times shorter
than the diameter, indistinct; cell contents dull green.

Canada. Crystal Bay, Ontario, Lake Erie. (Wolle). Pennsylvania.
Pools. (Wolle). Florida, Marsh grounds. (Smith).

203. Phormidium retzii (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homo-
cystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 18900; Monogr. Oscill. 195. pl.
5. f. 6-9. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 241. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 302. pl. 202. f. 9-11. 1887. (L.retziiAg, L.papyrina
Kirchn.) Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Tilden. Ameri-
can Algae. Cent. I. no. 70. 1894. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden
and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 1. no. 3. 1895. Collins. The Algae of
Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 239. I9oT. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. VI. no. 589. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 185. 1903. Collins. The Algae
of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236, 243. 1905. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
VII. Fasc. 1. no. 640, 641. 1909.

Plate V. fig. 1-4.

Plant mass thick, compact, or sometimes forming penicillate or branched
tufts, attached at base, upper portions floating, bright blue-green or dark
lead color; filaments more or less straight, fragile, entangled; sheaths thin,
fragile, usually soon diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes 4.5-12
mic. in diameter, usually not constricted at joints, rarely somewhat monili-

Myxophyceae 103

form; apex of trichome straight, not capitate; apical cell scarcely tapering,
truncate, with outer membrane scarcely thickened; cells 4-9 mic. in length;
transverse walls not granulated, sometimes obscured by protoplasmic gran-
ules; cell contents granular, blue-green.

Newfoundland. On moss in stream, swift water, running into Torbay
Harbor, Torbay. July 1897. (Holden). New Hampshire. On walls of the
“Flume” and in quieter parts of the stream. (Collins). Rhode Island.
Geneva. (Bennett). Connecticut. Forming dark bluish-purple gelatinous
patches, often of considerable extent, on rocks in swiftly flowing current.
Quinebaug River, Lisbon. September 1892. (Setchell). Stream just below
paper mill, Pequonnock River; Rooster ‘River, Bridgeport. June, July, Sep-
tember. (Holden). Florida, (Smith). Alabama. Auburn. March 1897.
(Baker). Texas. 1902. (Fanning). Wisconsin. Forming membrane on
sides of casing of spring. Osceola. September 1894. (Tilden). Minnesota.
In ponds. Minnesota Point, Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Washington.
Growing on a submerged log. Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner). West
Indies. In tufts on plants. Rio Cobre, Bog Walk, Jamaica. 1893. (Humphrey).

Forma fasciculatum Gomont. |. c. 197. De Toni. 1. c. 243.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1254. 1905.
Collins. Notes on Algae.—VII. Rhodora. 8: 122. 1906.

Fascicles attached at base, penicillate or tufted, branched, floating.

Massachusetts. In long masses in quick running water. Inlet of Walden
Pond, Lynnfield. June 1905. (Collins).

Forma rupestris (Kuetz.) Gomont. 1. c. 197. De Toni. 1. c. 242.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 300, pl. 202. f. 58. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608.
1889.

Trichomes constricted at joints near the apices.

New Jersey. On rocks. Bergen, Palisades. (Wolle). Maryland. Form-
ing a matted stratum on rocks. Garrett County. (Smith).

204. Phormidium ambiguum Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 198. pl. 5. f. 10. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 240. 1907.

Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895.
Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896; American Algae. Cent. II. no. 184. 1896.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 254. 1897.
Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the
Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. I90I. Setchell
and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:

185. 1903.
Plate V. fig. 5.
Plant mass more or less expanded, dark or yellowish green or blue-
green; filaments elongate, flexuously curved, variously entangled; sheaths

firm, or mucous and diffluent, at times thick and lamellose; trichomes 4-6
mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight,

104 Minnesota Algae

neither tapering nor capitate; apical cell rotund, with outer membrane
slightly thickened; cells 1.5-2.7 mic. in length; transverse walls rarely gran-
ulated, occasionally obscured by protoplasmic granules; cell contents granu-
lar, blue-green.

Massachusetts. Forming a coating on stones and algae in ditch in salt
marsh, Near Linden station. Revere. October 1892. (Collins). Minnesota.
On bottom of wooden trough through which very cold spring water flows
with a swift current. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1895.
(Tilden). Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clements).
Washington. Growing on a submerged log. Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner).

205. Phormidium submembranaceum (Ardissone and Strafforello) Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 200. pl. 5. f. 13. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 244.
1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1162. 1904.

Plate V. fig. 6.

Plant mass membranaceous, leathery, dark green, sheaths not present;
trichomes 5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, densely tangled, ag-
glutinated by an abundant amorphous mucus; apex of trichome straight,
gradually tapering, capitate; apical cell showing a depressed-conical calyp-
tra; cells somewhat quadrate, 4-10 mic. in length; cell contents homoge-
neous,- blue-green.

California, Forming a thick layer on plants just below water mark.
Alameda. September 1903. (Osterhout and Gardner).

206. Phormidium laysanense Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 619. pl. 7. f. 4, 5. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 245. 1907.

Plate V. fig. 7, 8.

Filaments 5-6 mic. in diameter; sheaths hyaline; trichomes 4-4.5 mic,
in diameter, irregularly curved, very rarely straight, not constricted at joints;
apex of trichome straight, gradually tapering; apical cell capitate; cells
4-II mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents blue-green.

Hawaii. On Turbinaria. Laysan. 1896-97. (Schauinsland).

207. Phormidium favosum (Bory) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 200. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 245. 1907.

Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. (Hypheothrix obscura Dickie). Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 201. 1895. Tilden. List
of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot.
Studies, 1: 599. 1896; American Algae. Cent. IJ. no, 185. 18096. Collins.
Preliminary List of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2:
42. 1900. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw.
Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112, 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no.
494. I9O1. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 186. 1903. Collins, Phycological Notes of the late
Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
VII. Fasc. 1. no. 639. 1909.

Myxophyceae 105

Plate V. fig. 9, Io.

Plant mass moderately expanded, papery or thick, attached at base,,
floating, dark blue-green, when dried dark lead-colored; sheaths usually not
present; trichomes 4.5-9 mic. in diameter, elongate, more or less flexuous,
not constricted at joints, straight or somewhat spiral near the extremities,
agglutinated by an amorphous mucus; apex of trichome gradually tapering,
especially capitate; apical cell obtuse truncate, showing a somewhat’ hemi-
spherical calyptra; cells 3-7 mic. in length; transverse walls marked by
double rows of granules; cell contents blue-green.

Arctic Regions. Dried up pool, Distant Cape, Discovery Bay. (Dickie).
Alaska. Floating or attached to wood in streams or on the ground. Glacier
Valley, Unalaska. (Lawson). Juneau. (Setchell and Lawson). Massachu-
setts. (Farlow, Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. Stra-
tum adhering to rocks in shoal running water. Great Falls of the Housa-
tonic, below Lovers’ Leap. July. New York. On stones and earth in
water flowing from a spring. Ithaca. April 1895. (Atkinson). Texas. 1902.
(Fanning). Wisconsin, In trough. Osceola. August 1895. (Tilden).
Minnesota, On sides of wooden tub. Long Lake, Hennepin County. Sep-
tember 1895. (Tilden). Hawaii. In running water in trough from rice
field. Peninsula, Pearl City; on bottom of irrigating ditch in sugar cane
field, Ewa Plantation, Oahu, June 1900. (Tilden).

208. Phormidium calidum Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homocystées.
Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 202. pl. 5. f.

16. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 246. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1353. 1907.

Plate V. fig. 11.

Plant mass thin, membranaceous, dark green; sheaths not present,
trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, parallel, somewhat straight, not constricted
al joints, agglutinated by an amorphous mucus; apex of trichome straight,
scarcely tapering, very slightly capitate; apical cell showing an oblique,
depressed conical calyptra; cells 3-8 mic. in length; transverse walls not
granulated; cell contents dull blue-green.

California. Forming a thin layer on rocks. Stow Lake, Golden Gate
Park, San Francisco, May 1906. (Gardner).

209. Phormidium subfuscum Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 195. 1843. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 202. pl. 5. f. 17-20. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
247. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 300. pl. 201. f. 11-13. 1887. [L. me m-
branacea (Kg.) Thur.]. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 13. no. 605. 1899.

Plate V. fig. 12-15.

Plant mass widely expanded, pannose, thin, lamellose, dark green or
dark olive; filaments straight, fragile, short, parallel, agglutinated; sheaths
diffluent into a lamellose mucus; trichomes 5.5-11 mic. in diameter, not
constricted at joints; apex of trichome straight, capitate, more or less briefly

106 Minnesota Algae

tapering; apical cell showing a rotund or straight conical calyptra; cells
2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes showing two rows of gran-
ules; cell contents densely granular, dull blue-green.

Vermont. Charlotte. (Hosford). Connecticut. On rocks and boards,
in old sluiceway. Still River, New Milford. May 1892. (Setchell). Mexico.
Fields near Orizaba. (Miller).

Var. joannianum (Kuetz.) Gomont. 1. c. 204. De Toni. 1, c. 248.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Ph.
joannianum Kg.) Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 8. no. 352. 1897.

Trichomes 5.5-7 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome often somewhat
gradually tapering.

Rhode Island. Moshassuck River, near Woodlawn. April 1894. (Oster-
hout). New York. Old wood. Suffern. (Austin).

2io. Phormidium uncinatum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
204. pl. 5. f. 21, 22. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 250. 1907.

Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. (O. tenuis sordida Kuetz.). Collins. Algae.
Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook
Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127.
1806. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IIT. no. 295. 1808. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 452. 1808. Bessey, Pound and
Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska.
5: 12. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 590. 1902. Setchell
and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 186.
1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora.
7: 236. 1905. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala.

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1.
no. 638. 1909.

Plate V. fig. 16, 17.

Plant mass widely expanded, adherent, thin and firm, or floating,
attached at base, thicker, fringed, dark green, brown or black; filaments
straight or somewhat flexuous; sheaths mucous, agglutinated, distinct or
diffluent into an abundant amorphous mucus; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, curved or
briefly spiraled, especially capitate; apical cell showing a rotund or de-
pressed-conical calyptra; cells 2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls frequent-
jy granulated; cell contents blue-green.

Arctic Regions. Fresh water. 82° 27’ N. (Dickie). Alaska, Forming
more or less extended blue-black layers, either submerged or on the sur-
face of the ground. St. Michael. (Setchell); near Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Orca.
(Setchell and Lawson). Greenland. (Borgesen). Maine. On stones.
Cromwell Harbor Brook, Bar Harbor. July 1896. (Collins). Massachu-
setts. In roadside pool. Valley Street. May 1908; running brook near Elm
Street, Medford, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a pur-
plish or copperish skin on stones in stream below dam at Moody’s Pond;

Myxophyceae 107

Mill River, June, July, September. (Holden). Minnesota. On rocks under
water fall, Bridal Veil Falls, Minneapolis. October 1go1. (Hillesheim).
South Dakota. In tank of artesian waters. Aberdeen. June 1806. (Griffiths).
Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clements). Wash-
ington. La Conner, Skagit County; Seattle. (Gardner). Central Amer-

ica. On rocks at edge of lake. Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. January 1906.
(Kellerman).

211. Phormidium autumnale (Agardh) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 207. pl. 5.
f. 23, 24. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 252. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.
(Ph. vulgare Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6:
183. 1877. (Ph. vulgare publicum. Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. U. S.
310. pl. 206. f. 8. 1887. (O. antliaria Juerg.). Farlow. Notes on the
Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (L.
vulgaris Kirchn.). Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1880. Mackenzie. A Preliminary List of
Algae collected in the Neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III. 7:
270. 1890. Saunders, Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 22. pl.
1. f. 15. pl. 2, f. 22, 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. gor. 1898. Setchell, Notes on
Cyanophyceae. IIJ. Erythea. 7: 53. 1809. Collins. Preliminary Lists of
New England Plants.——V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Saunders.
The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398.
I9OI. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 591. 1902. Collins,
Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1104. 1903. Setchell
and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:
186. 1903. Bérgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae
of the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Botany of
the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of
Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Plate V. fig. 18, 19.

Plant mass expanded, fragile, glistening, dark blue-green, sometimes
yellowish or dark-colored; filaments straight, rarely flexuous, entangled;
sheaths narrow, fragile, mucous, distinct or diffluent into an amorphous
mucus and agglutinated; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at
joints; apex of trichome briefly tapering, straight or scarcely curved, espe-
cially capitate; apical cell showing a rotund calyptra; cells 2-5 mic. in
length; transverse walls frequently granulated; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska. Forming a thin dark blue coating on small rocks in a rapid
stream emptying into bay. Kukak Bay. (Saunders). Iliuliuk, Unalaska; Sitka.
(Setchell and Lawson). Canada. Humber River. Toronto. (Mackenzie).
New Hampshire. On mosses. Berlin Falls. (Farlow). Massachusetts. On
stone drinking fountain. Revere. October 1897. (Collins). Rhode Island.
Very common. (Bennett). Growing in a freshwater stream, on the surface
of a rock frequently washed by salt water, and in a storm practically sub-

108 Minnesota Algae

merged. Conanicut Island. August 1894. (Richards). New Jersey. On
moist soil. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. On damp earth. (Wolle). Minne-
sota. Gull Lake. July 1893; on sides of stone basin over-flowed by spring
water, between New Duluth and Fond du Lac, near Duluth, August 1901.
(Tilden). Iowa. Iowa City. (Hobby). Damp soil. Grinnell. (Fink). Ne-
braska. On damp soil in greenhouse; around pumps, cisterns, Lincoln.
(Saunders). Washington. Coupeville, Whidbey Island; La Conner, Skagit
County; Seattle, (Gardner).

212. Phormidium setchellianum Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 21o. pl. 5. fig. 25,
26. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 254. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 52. 1895.
Plate V. fig. 20, 21.

Plant mass thin, cobwebby, dark purple, when dried dark lead-colored;
sheaths delicate, usually diffluent into an amorphous mucus; trichomes
4-4.8 mic. in diameter, parallel, straight or moderately flexuous, not con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome scarcely tapering, curved or hooked,
capitate; apical cell showing a depressed-conical calyptra; cells 3-6 mic. in
Iength; transverse walls. often showing a double row of granules; cell con-
tents pale purple.

Connecticut. Forming arachnoid expansions on stones at the bottom ot
a swift brook. In the living condition the expansions are of the color of
Bangia fusco-purpurea. Norwich. July 1890. (Setchell).

Genus LYNGBYA C. Agardh. Syst. Algar. XXV. 1824.

Filaments free, unbranched, free-floating or forming a densely intricate
floccose or expanded mass; sheaths firm, of variable thickness, sometimes
lamellose, colorless or rarely yellowish brown; trichomes sometimes con-
stricted at the joints, either obtuse or slightly tapering at the apices; outer
wall of apical cell sometimes thickened forming a calyptra.

I Trichomes not more than 2 mic. in diameter.
1 Plants living in salt watef, epiphytic; transverse walls marked by
two refringent granules
(1) Filaments 1.5 mic. in diameter; trichomes .5 mic. in diameter,
cylindrical, not constricted at joints; cells 1.5 mic. in length
L. mucicola
(2) Filaments 1.5-2 mic, in diameter; sheaths very thin, scarcely vis-
ible; cells 2-7 mic. in length L. perelegans
2 Plants living in fresh water
(1) Sheaths thin, colorless
A Filaments coiled or spiraled
a Filaments coiled; trichomes .8 mic. in diameter, constricted at
joints; cells 2.3-3.2 mic. in length L. rivulariarum
b Filaments more or less regularly spiraled, sometimes straight;
trichomes a,mic. in diameter; cells 1.2-3 mic. in length
L. lagerheimii

Myxophyceae 109

B Filaments straight or curved
a Filaments 1.9 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome ‘bluntly round-
ed; cells quadrate or a little longer than diameter
L. nana
b Filaments solitary and scattered; trichomes 1.5-1.8 mic. in diame-
ter, somewhat flexuous; cells up to 3.6 mic. in length
L. subtilis
c Filaments 1.8 mic. in diameter, at first attached, afterwards free,
short, straight or slightly curved; cells about equal in length
to the diameter L. distincta
(2) Sheaths more or less thick and gelatinous
A Plant mass ochre-yellow in color; sheaths at first thin, colorless,
later thick and yellowish; trichomes .9 mic. in diameter, espe-
cially constricted at joints, frequently interrupted
L. ochracea
B Plant mass rust-colored; sheaths at first thin, colorless, later
thicker and rust-colored; trichomes .8-.9 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints, continuous
L. ferruginea

JI Trichomes 2-6 mic. in diameter; sheaths usually thin and colorless,
sometimes becoming thick and yellowish
1 Plants living in salt water, sometimes in brackish, fresh or hot water
(1) Filaments coiled, densely entangled; sheaths thin, colorless, later
becoming thick and lamellose; trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; cells 1.5-5.5 mic. in length
L. lutea
(2) Plants living in salt water, epiphytic; sheaths thin, delicate; trich-
omes 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells up to
13 mic. in length L. holdenii
2 Plants living in fresh water; sheaths usually thin and colorless
(1) Plant mass caespitose, light green; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; cells 1-3.7 mic. in length
L. digueti
(2) Plant mass caespitose, blue-green; sheaths delicate, smooth, usually
inconspicuous; trichomes 3.2-3.5 mic. in diameter, somewhat
rigid, forming tufts L. penicillata
(3) Plant mass dull blue-green; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, not

constricted at joints; cells 2.3-3 mic. in length
L. aerugineo-caeru-

lea

(4) Plants epiphytic; filaments straight or sharply curved and twisted;

trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints
L. cladophorae

(s) Plant mass at first adherent, afterwards free, rust-colored on the
outside, olive green within; sheaths colorless, sometimes yellow-
ish, slightly mucous and agglutinated, thick; trichomes 2.8-3.2

110 Minnesota Algae

mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 2-6.4 mic. in
length L. versicolor
JII Trichomes 5-60 mic. in diameter
1 Plants living in salt water, epiphytic; plant mass caespitose
(1) Plant mass purplish-violet; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter; con-
stricted at joints; cells 2.8-4.6 mic. in length; cell contents rose-
colored L. gracilis
(2) Plant mass dull blue-green; trichomes 6.5-8 mic. in diameter, con-
stricted at joints; cells 2-4 mic. in length; cell contents pale
blue-green L. meneghiniana
(3) Plant mass dark or dull yellowish green; trichomes 14-31 mic. in
diameter, evidently constricted at joints; cells 4-10 mic. in
length; cell contents frequently showing scattered coarse gran-
ules, olive green L. sordida
2 Plants living in salt water; plant mass caespitose, extended, mucous,
dull yellowish or dark green, when dried becoming dark violet;
sheaths thick

(1) Trichomes 5-12 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly taper-

ing, capitate; cells 2-3 mic. in length L. semiplena
(2) Trichomes 9-25 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome not tapering,
not capitate; cells 2-4 mic. in length L. confervoides

3 Plants living in salt, brackish, fresh or warm water or on moist earth
(1) Trichomes 8-24 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome slightly taper-
ing, capitate; apical cell truncate, rarely somewhat acute-conical;
cells 2.7-5.6 mic. in length L. aestuarii
(2) Trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome not tapering,
not capitate; apical cell rotund; cells 2-4 mic. in length
L. majuscula
4 Plants living in fresh water, often in hot or warm water
(1) Plant mass caespitose, dull or dark green or blue-green
A Sheaths thickened and roughened with age; trichomes 6-10 mic.
in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not
tapering, not capitate; cells 1.7-3.3 mic. in length
L. martensiana
B_ Sheaths colorless, thin, papery; trichomes 7.5-13 mic. in diameter,
especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering,
not capitate; cells 3-10 mic. in length L. putealis
C. Sheaths colorless, thick, roughened; trichomes 11-16 mic. in diame-
ter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly taper-
ing, somewhat capitate; cells 2-3.4 mic. in length
L. major
(2) Plant mass floating, olive green; filaments forming a regular loose
spiral throughout the whole or a portion of their length; trich-
omes 14-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 3.4-
6.8 mic. in length L. spirulinoides
(3) Plant mass formed of loosely entangled filaments, dark green;

Myxophyceae 11

filaments 15-19 mic. in diameter; trichomes 12.5 mic. in diameter;
cells very short L. arachnoidea

Species not well understood.
L. bicolor
L. caeruleo-violacea
L. fluitans
L. hyalina
L. pusilla
L. rubra
L. rubro-violacea

233. Lyngbya mucicola Lemmermann. Plankt. Schwed. Gewass. Ark. for
Bot. 70. 1904. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 289. 1907.

Lemmermann, Planktonalg. Ergebnisse einer Reise n. d. Pacific, 335-
1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905.

Filaments 1.5 mic. in diameter, scattered, epiphytic; trichomes .5 mic.
in diameter, cylindrical, not constricted at joints; cells 1.5 mic. in length;
transverse walls marked by two strongly refringent granules.

Hawaii, On Chondrocystic schauinslandii. Laysan,
(Schauinsland).

214. Lyngbya perelegans Lemmermann. Planktonalg. Ergebnisse einer
Reise n. d. Pacific. 355. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 289. 1907.
Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905.
Plant mass epiphytic on marine algae; filaments 1.5-2 mic. in diameter,
straight or curved; sheaths very delicate, scarcely visible; cells 2-7 mic. in
length, somewhat quadrate or cylindrical; transverse walls marked by two
glistening granules.
Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

215. Lyngbya rivulariarum Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 168. 1893. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 282. 1907.

Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905.

Filaments very slender, twisted or coiled; sheaths colorless, very thin,
papery; trichomes .7-.8 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints; apex of
trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 2.3-3.2 mic.
in length; transverse walls pellucid; cell contents not granular, pale blue-
green.

Hawaii. In a mass of Nostoc, in ditches. Between Honolulu and
Waikiki, Island of Oahu. (Schauinsland).

216. Lyngbya lagerheimii (Mébius) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 354. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.

167. pl. 4. f. 6, 7. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 287. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 53. 1805.
Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 22: 430. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.

112 Minnesota Algae

—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
VI. no. 587. 1902. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
21. no. 1008. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 187. 1903. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae.
Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae
from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent.
VII. Fasc. 1. no. 636. 1909.

Plate V. fig. 22, 23.

Filaments more or less regularly spiraled, sometimes straight; sheaths
thin, hyaline; trichomes about 2 mic. in diameter; cells 1.2-3 mic. in length;
transverse walls marked by two protoplasmic granules.

Maine. Forming a pale green sediment in water of a pool above high
water mark, but reached by the spray. Pemaquid Point. July rgo1. (Collins).
Massachusetts. Little Pond, Falmouth. (Setchell). Connecticut. In brack-
ish water in a small pool, near Norwich; in an aquarium, New Haven,
November 1893. (Setchell). Minnesota. On rocks in running water in
stone quarry. University campus. Minneapolis. November rgo1. (Lilley).
Washington. Among various filamentous algae. Whidbey Island; sulphur
spring, Ravenna Park, Seattle. (Gardner). Central America. On branch
of tree which had been cut off and thrown into water. Lake Amatitlan,
Guatemala. January 1906. (Kellerman). West Indies. Near Bridgetown,
Barbados. (Howard).

217. Lyngbya nana Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 179. 1896. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 284. 1907.

Tilden. Some new Species of Minnesota Algae which live in a Cal-
careous or Silicious Matrix. Bot. Gaz. 23: 1o1. pl. 9. f. 5. 1897; List of
Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 2: 28. 1898.

Plate V. fig. 24.

Filaments 1.9 mic. in diameter, straight; sheaths delicate, hyaline,
smooth; trichomes bluntly rounded at apices; cells 1-1.5 mic. in length; cell
contents very pale steel color, or later in the season violet.

Minnesota. With other algae, forming a calcareous crust on sides of

old wooden tank as far up as water line. Minneapolis. October 1895. (Til-
den).

218. Lyngbya subtilis W. West. Algae of the English Lake District. Journ.
Roy. Micr. Soc. 741. pl. 10. f. 58. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
285. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 274. 1895. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae.
Tourn. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Collins. Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora. 10:
162. 1908.

Filaments solitary and scattered; sheaths close, colorless; trichomes 1.5-
1.8 mic. in diameter, somewhat flexuous, free swimming; cells up to twice
as long as their diameter; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

Myxophyceae 113

Maine. In salt water pools. Ragged Island, near Cape Elizabeth. (Col-
lins). West Indies. On bed of stream in crater of Grande Soufriére,
Dominica. Bay Estate, Barbados, (Howard). Hawaii. (Volz).

219. Lyngbya distincta (Nordstedt) Schmidle. Algologische Notizen. IV.
Allg. Bot. Zeit. 3: 58. 18907. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 281. 1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand-
vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 4. 1878. (L. martensiana
distincta Nordstedt). Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905. (L. ktitzingii distincta (Nordst.) Lemm,).

Filaments 1.8 mic. in diameter, at first attached, afterwards free; short,
straight or slightly curved; sheaths very thin, hyaline; apex of trichome
not tapering, open; cells about equal to the diameter in length; cell con-
tents delicately granular, blue-green.

Hawaii. Among filaments of Pithophora affinis. Hilo, Island
of Hawaii. (Berggren). In ditches between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu.
(Schauinsland). (Volz). Freshwater ditches, Punaluu, Hawaii. (Lauterbach).

220. Lyngbya ochracea (Kuetzing) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 279. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 169. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 283. 1907.

Collins. Algae of Middlesex County, 14. 1888. Wittrock and Nord-
stedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. no. 1169. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta.
Flora of Nebraska. 22. pl. 2. f. 20. 1804. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
I. no. 68. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during
1894. Minn. Bot. Studies, 1: 235. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 1. no. 4. 1895. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills,
Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metro-
politan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. VI. no. 588. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 187. 1903. Collins, Phycolog-
ical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905. Brown.
Algal Periodicity in certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr.. Bot. Club.
35: 247. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Plate V. fig. 25, 26.

Plant mass yellowish or ochre-yellow in color;-filaments very slender,
more or less curved, fragile; sheaths at first thin, colorless, later becom-
ing thicker and yellowish; trichomes .9 mic. in diameter, especially con-
stricted at joints; frequently interrupted; apical cell rotund; calyptra none;
cells .6-.8 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated.

Canada, Hanging in a thick, jelly-like, very fragile mass, from perpen-
dicular bank of creek. Providence Cove, near Minnesota Seaside Station,
Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. July ro01. (Leavitt).
Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). On stonework of dam. Saugus. June
1890; Cascade, Middlesex Fells; on rocks in stream, Beaver Brook. (Collins).
Connecticut. Stream below paper mill; Factory Pond; outlet of Parrott’s
Pond, October, November; buoyed up in nebulous masses in quiet waters,

114 Minnesota Algae

Bridgeport, November 1894. (Holden). Pennsylvania. (Wolle). Indi-
ana. Edge of water-works reservoir, Bloomington. November 1906. (Brown).
Minnesota. Floating in great abundance in creeks and ditches. State Fish
Hatcheries, St. Paul. September 1894. (Tilden). Iowa. “In the trough
of a flowing well. It is found very commonly in the waters in this locality
that are laden with iron, the sheath becoming impregnated with this sub-

stance.” (Buchanan). Nebraska. Floating in fragile, ochraceous masses.
(Saunders).

221. Lyngbya ferruginea G. S. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ.
of Bot. 42: 292. pl. 464. f. 20. 1904. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 283.
1907.

Plate V. fig. 27-29.

Plant mass rust-colored; filaments 1.8-2.4 mic. in diameter; sheaths at
first thin, colorless, later becoming thicker and rust-colored; trichomes
.8-.9 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, continuous; apical cell
cylindrical and obtuse; calyptra none; cells 4-5 mic. in length; transverse
walls distinct, not granulated.

West Indies. Forming a yellow-brown ferrugininous stratum, Roseau
Valley, Dominica. (Howard).

222. Lyngbya lutea (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homo-
cystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 354. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 161.
pl. 3. f. 12, 13. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 275. 1907.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 18. 1870-1877.
(Ph. stragulum Crouan). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Ph. julianum Rab.) Farlow. Marine Algae
of New England. 35. 1881. (L. tenerrima Thur.). Pike. Check List
of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-
Water Algae. U. S. 301. pl. 202. f. 20, 21. 1887. (L. juliana Menegh.).
Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888.
Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and Adjacent Waters of
Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 91. 1889. Wolle and Martindale.
Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. ).
2: 608. 1889. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian
Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s
Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894; Preliminary Lists of New
England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42, 1900. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 854. 1901. West. West Indian
Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Bérgesen and Jonsson.
The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the Northern-
most Part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.
Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 222.
1905.

Plate V. fig. 30, 31.

Plant mass somewhat gelatinous, leathery, yellowish brown or olive,
when dried often becoming dark violet; filaments coiled, flexible, densely
entangled; sheaths colorless, smooth, at first thin, later becoming thick

Myxophyceae ITS

(3 mic.) and lamellose; trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted
at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell showing a rotund calyp-
tra; cells 1.5-5.5 mic. in length; transverse walls usually not distinct; celt
contents granular, olive green.

Maine. Near outlet of Long Pond. (Collins). Massachusetts. On
sand-covered rocks, Gloucester. (Davis). Rhode Island. At base of cliffs.
Newport. (Farlow), On Enteromorpha intestinalis in pool at
high water mark. Easton’s Point, Newport. August 1901. (Simmons).
Connecticut. On woodwork between tidemarks, below Yellow Mill bridge;
en turfy bottom, Seaside Park; among L. aestuarii, Cook’s Point; on
sandy mud, Charles Island, May, July, October. (Holden), New York.
Shores of Long Island, Jamaica Bay, College Point. Summer. (Pike).
New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse). Florida. (Smith).
Alabama. Sandy soil, somewhat influenced by marine waters. (Wolle).
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). On roots of mangroves in brackish
swamp. Near Bridgetown, Barbados. (Howard).

223. Lyngbya holdenii De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 260. 1907.

Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. (L. sublilis Holden). Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 21. no. 1007. 1903; Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
24. no. 1163. 1904. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.
—II. Rhodora. 7: 222. 1905.

Filaments attached by the middle to other algae, with free ends;
sheaths thin, delicate; trichomes 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at
joints; apex of trichome cylindrical or somewhat tapering; apical cell
rounded; cells 3-13 mic. in length; cell contents pale green.

Maine. On bark of piles. Blake’s Point. July 1898. (Collins). Massa-
chusetts. On perpendicular and overhanging rocks. Marblehead Neck. June
1902. (Collins). On Enteromorpha. Magnolia. September 1903. (Far-
low). Connecticut. Seaside Park. December; attached to various marine
algae, Bridgeport. (Holden).

224. Lyngbya digueti Gomont in Hariot. Algues du Golfe de Californie
recueillies par M. Riguet. Journ. de Bot. 9: 169. 1895. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 284. 1907.

Plant mass up to 2 mm. in thickness, caespitose, light green; filaments
2.5-3 mic. in diameter, very slender, twisted and entangled in basal portions,
elongate, flexible, straight in upper portions; sheaths thin, colorless, papery;
trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund;
calyptra none; cells 1-3.7 mic. in length.

Lower California. Adhering to insects, in fresh water. Near Santa Ger-
trudis. (Diguet).
22s. Lyngbya penicillata Kuetzing. Diagnosen und Bemerkungen zu neuen

oder kritischen Algen. Bot. Zeit. 194. 1847. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 291. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 274. 1895.

Plant mass caespitose, dull blue-green; sheaths delicate, smooth, usually

116 Minnesota Algae

inconspicuous; trichomes 3.2-3.5 mic, in diameter, somewhat rigid, entangled
and twisted into loose fascicles with penicillate apices; transverse walls
marked by granules.

West Indies. On bed of stream in crater of Grande Soufriére, Dominica.
(Elliott).

226. Lyngbya aerugineo-caerulea (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 166.
pl. 4. f. 1-3. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 281. 1907.

Jelliffe. A Preliminary List of the Plants found in the Ridgewood
Water Supply of the City of Brooklyn, King’s County, N. Y. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 20: 243. 1893. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea.
4: 89. 1896. West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater
Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 289. 1898-1900.
Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 3: 398. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22.
no. 1058, 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 187. 1903. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake
Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1355. 1907.

Plate V. fig. 32, 33.

Plant mass dull blue-green; filaments flexuous, fragile; sheaths colorless,
firm, thin; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, the
portion protruding from the sheath very straight; apex of trichome occasion-
ally capitate; apical cell depressed conical or rotund, showing a slightly
thickened outer membrane; cells 2.3-3 mic. in length; transverse walls
sometimes granulated; cell contents frequently coarsely granular.

Alaska, In a felt-like mass of filaments of Vauwcheria. Juneau; in
a small pond on an island in the Muir Glacier. (Saunders). Massachu-
setts, Forming a blackish encrustation near the water line, in a stone
drinking trough. Woburn. September 1905. (Collins). In swamp. Medford.
August 1906. (Lambert). Connecticut. Mt. Tom, Salisbury. (Setchell).
New York. Ridgewood Water supply, Brooklyn. (Jelliffe). Ohio, Put-in-
Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). California. In an aquarium. Golden Gate Park,
San Francisco. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gardner). West Indies. On
leaves in warm stream, road to Roseau Lake (2500 feet); on ground (2000-
300 feet) and in stream, crater of Grande Soufriére, Dominica. - (Elliott).

227. Lyngbya cladophorae n. sp.

Plate V. fig. 34.

Plants epiphytic; filaments straight or sharply curved and twisted;
sheaths delicate; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints;
apical cell rotund; transverse walls indistinct; cell contents homogeneous,
blue-green.

Hawaii, Growing on Cladophora filaments, in mountain stream.
Waipio Valley, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

228, Lyngbya versicolor (Wartman) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 167. pl. 4.
f. 4, 5. 1893. De Toni. Syll, Algar. 5: 282. 1907.

Myxophyceae 117

Setchell, Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 2. no. 54. 1895. Collins, The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad.
Arts Sci. 37: 240, 1901. Setchell and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 187. 1903. West. West Indian Fresh-
water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904.

Plate V. fig. 35.

Plant mass at first adherent, afterwards free, lubricous, somewhat soft,
rust-colored on the outside, olive green within; filaments long, twisted,
closely entangled; sheaths up to 2 mic. in thickness, colorless, sometimes
yellowish, slightly mucous and agglutinated; trichomes 2.8-3.2 mic. in diame-
ter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome neither tapering nor capi-
tate; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; célls 2-6.4 mic. in length; transverse
walls pellucid, sometimes granulated.

Alaska. Floating on a deep pool of fresh water. Glacier Valley, Unalaska.
(Lawson). Massachusetts. Newton. (Collins). Connecticut. At first
attached to stones, later rising in a verdigris-green mass. Shores of Lake
Whitney, New Haven. October 1892. (Setchell). West Indies. On sides
cf basin of a fountain. Marine Garden, Kingston, Jamaica. April 1893. (Hum-
phrey). Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

229. Lyngbya gracilis (Meneghini) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 145. 1865.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 144. pl. 2. £. 20. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 259. 1907.
Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins. Notes on New England Marine

Algae—VII. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 23: 458. 1896; Preliminary Lists of New
England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Collins, Holden
and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 853. 1901.

Plate V. fig. 36.

Plant mass caespitose, extensive, dense, floccose, lubricous, purplish
violet, when dried often becoming colorless or dull yellow; filaments long,
flexible, angular; sheaths close, smooth; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter,
constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund,
showing a slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2.8-4.6 mic. in length;
cell contents finely granular, rose-colored.

Maine. Among other algae on a mooring buoy that had been hauled
up on the beach.’ Cape Rosier. July 1896. (Collins). California. On
Chaetomorpha aereaina pool. Pacific Beach. August 1901. (Snyder).
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

230. Lyngbya meneghiniana (Kuetzing) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 354. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
145. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 260. 1907.
Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905.
Plant mass up to 1 cm. in height, caespitose, fasciculate, mucous, dull
blue-green; filaments long, somewhat straight, very flexible; sheaths thin,
smooth; trichomes 6.5-8 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of

118 Minnesota Algae

trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund, showing a slightly thickened outer
membrane; cells 2-4 mic. in length; cell contents finely granular, pale blue-
green.

Hawaii. On marine algae. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

231. Lyngbya sordida (Zanardini) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 146. pl. 2. £.
21. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 260. 1907.
Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (L. violacea Menegh.). Vickers. Liste
des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. 1: 55. 1905.

Plate V. fig. 37.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in height, caespitose, fasciculate, dark or dull
yellowish green, when dried usually dark violet; filaments straight, some-
what rigid; sheaths smooth; trichomes 14-31 mic. in diameter, evidently con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyp-
tra none; cells 4-10 mic. in length; cell contents frequently showing scat-
tered coarse granules, olive green.

West Indies, Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Maxwell. (Vickers).

Forma bostrychicola (Crouan) Gomont. 1. c. 146.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 26. 1870-1877.
(L. bostrychicola Crouwan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine
Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1880.

Trichomes 14-20 mic. in diameter; cells up to 10 mic. in length.

West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

232. Lyngbya semiplena (C. Agardh) J. Agardh. Algae maris Mediterranei
et Adriatici, 11. 1842. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 158. pl. 3. f. 7-11.
1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 273. 1907.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1865. (L.
sordida Crouan). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guade-
loupe. 21. 1870-1877. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
6: 138. 1877. (Ph. congestum Rabenh.) Farlow. Marine Algae of
New England. 35. 1881. (L. luteo-fusca Ag.) Pike. Check List of
Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. ‘Bennett. Plants .of
Rhode Island. 95. 1888. Collins, Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888.
Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ.
of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (L. luteo-fusca Ag. and L. schowiana Kg.)
Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters
of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 91. 1889. Wolle and Martin-
dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol.
Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1880. Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of
Mount Desert Island, Maine. 248. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am, Fasc. 1. no. 5. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New
England Plants —V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound
and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv.
Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian
Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.

Myxophyceae 119

I: 187. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no.
1059. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620.
1905. Collins. Notes on Algae—VII. Rhodora. 8: 123. 1906. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 30. no. 1452. 1908. Collins.
Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora. 10: 162. 1908.

Plate V. fig. 38.

Plant mass rarely beyond 3 cm. in height, caespitose, extensive, mucous,
usually dull yellowish green or dark green, becoming dark violet when dried;
filaments ascending from a decumbent and tangled base, soft, flexuous;
sheaths up to 3 mic. in thickness, colorless, somewhat mucous, lamellose
with age; trichomes 5-12 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex
of trichome slightly tapering, capitate; apical cell showing a depressed
conical or rotund calyptra; cells 2-3 mic. in length; transverse walls fre-
guently granulated.

Maine. Growing in a rock pool reached only by the highest tides. Cape
Rosier. July 1890; shore near Seal’ Harbor; in salt water pools, Ragged
Island, near Cape Elizabeth. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins).
Massachusetts. Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). Mystic River salt marshes. (Col-
lins). Falmouth. (Nott). Forming light yellow expansions on sandy shore
at low water mark. Little Harbor, Wood’s Hole. August 1894. (Setchell).
Rhode Island. (Bennett, Collins). Connecticut. Growing in large patches
on stones and woodwork between tidemarks. Stonington. (Bailey). Noank.
(Farlow). New York. Shores of Long Island, Coney Island Creek. Sum-
mer. (Pike). New Jersey. Hudson, Hoboken. (Pike). On wharves be-
tween tide marks. Atlantic City. (Martindale). Nebraska. In pond. South
Bend. (Bessey). Washington. Salt marsh. Whidbey Island. (Gardner).
California. Pacific Beach. (Snyder). Mexico, Near Vera Cruz. (Miller).
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Hawaii. Attached to rocks in tide
pool filled at high tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900. (Tilden). On marine
algae. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

233. Lyngbya confervoides C. Agardh. Syst. Algar. 73. 1824. Gomont. Mon-
ogr. Oscill. 156. pl. 3. f. 5, 6. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 271.
1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 102. pl. 47. c. 1858. (L.
nigrescens Harv.). Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guade-
loupe. 31, 81. 1865. (Leibleinia littoralis Crouan, L. caeruleo-
violacea Crouan). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guade-
loupe. 21, 23, 26, 28, 30. 1870-1877. (L. caeruleo-violacea Crouan, L.
littoralis Crouan, Lyngbya cyanea Crouan, L. rufescens
Crouan, L. rubro-violacea forma crassior Crouan). Farlow.
List of Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875; Marine
Algae of New England. 35. 1881. (L.luteo-fusca Ag.). Farlow, Ander-
son and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor -Exsicc. no. 48. 1876. Pike. Check List of
Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Martindale. Marine
Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island.
Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 91. 1889. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine
Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (L. cyanea

120 Minnesota Algae

Crouan). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 255.
1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to
the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1106. 1903. Col-
lins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—I. Rhodora. 7: 172. 1905.
Vickers, Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII.
I: 55. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620.
1905. Collins, Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora. 10: 160. 1908.

Plate V. fig. 39.

Plant mass about 5 cm. in height, caespitose, extended, fasciculate,
mucous, dull yellowish or dark green, when dried becoming violet; fila-
ments ascending from a decumbent and tangled base, long, straight, some-
what rigid; sheaths up to 5 mic. in thickness, colorless, later becoming
lamellose and roughened on the surface; trichomes 9-25 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering nor capitate; apical
cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls usually
granulated; cell ‘contents olive or blue-green.

Maine. Salt marsh. Stover’s Point, South Harpswell. (Collins.) Massa-
chusetts, Common on Zostera. Summer. Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). Glou-
cester, (Davis). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On rocks and
iron work. Stratford Shoals Light, Long Island Sound, near Bridgeport.
October 1891. (Holden). New York. Sea shores or mud. Canarsic Bay,
Long Island; on leaves of Zostera, Peconic Bay. (Hooper, Harvey).
Prince’s Bay, Staten Island; Canarsie, Bay Ridge, Long Island. (Pike).
South Carolina. Charleston. (Farlow, Gibbes). Florida. On sand-cov-
ered rocks of a jetty, littoral. Anastasia Island. October 1902. (Howe).
Nebraska, In culture from salt basin. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clem-
ents). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Hawaii. (Farlow).

Forma violacea Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts
Sci. 37: 240. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 703. 1907.

Cell contents violet.

West Indies. Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler).

234. Lyngbya aestuarii (Mertens) Liebman. Bemerkninger og Tillaig til
den danske Algeflora. Kréyers Tidskrift. 492. 1841. Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 147. pl. 3. f. 1, 2. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 262, 1907.
Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 102. pl. 47. B, F. 1858.
(L. ferruginea C. Ag, L. fulva Harv.). Schramm and Mazé.
Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1865. (L. congesta Crouan). Far-
low. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875:
Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae. Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 176. 1877.
Wolle, Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. (Ph.
olivaceum Rab.). Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc.
no, 282, 1879. (L. aestuarii aeruginosa Wolle). Wolle. Fresh
Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (L. aeruginosa Ag.).
Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 34. 1881. Wolle. Fresh Water
Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 25. 1882. Pike. Check List of Marine

Myxophyceae 121

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae
U. S. 296. pl. 200. f. 11-16, pl. 202. f. 1, 2. 1887. Hay and Mackay. List of
the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, with Notes. Trans.
Roy. Soc. Can. 5: 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 188. (L.
obscura Kg, L. interrupta Kg,). Collins. Algae of Middlesex
County. 14. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888; Algae from Atlantic
City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae
of the New Jersey coast and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr.
Bot. Club. 1: g1. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue
cf Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608, 610. 1889. (Also
L. obscura Wolle and O. littoralis Carm.) Murray. Catalogue of
the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
(Also L. compacta Crouan). Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta.
Flora of Nebraska. 21, 22. pl. 2. f. 25, 26. 1894. Collins, Algae. Rand and
Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894. Tilden. List
of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 1: 31. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
I. no. 6. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the
Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901;
American Algae. Cent. V. no. 488. 1901. Collins. The Algae of
Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Setchell and Gardner.
Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 186, 187. 1903.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1255. 1905.
Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—lI. Rhodora. 7: 172.
1905. Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VIII. 1: 45. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 620. 1905. Collins. Notes on Algae.—VII. Rhodora. 8: 123. 1906.
Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.
Collins. Notes on Algae. IX. Rhodora. 10: 160, 162. 1908.

Plate V. fig. 40, 41.

Plant’ mass widely expanded, either forming a compact woolly layer
on moist earth, or a floccose mass floating in water, blackish or dull blue-
green; filaments long, flexible, (sometimes branched), strongly twisted and
densely crowded, or moderately flexuous or somewhat straight and loosely
entangled, sometimes forming erect fascicles in inundated places; sheaths
at first colorless, thin, smooth, later becoming thick, roughened on the
surface, lamellose, yellowish or brownish, with layers of different colors;
trichomes 8-24 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome
slightly tapering and capitate, truncate, rarely somewhat acute conical;
apical cell showing a slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2.7-5.6 mic.
in length; cell contents finely granular, blue-green or olive.

Canada. Forming patches on other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward
Island. (Faull). In brackish pond. Pictou Harbor. (Mackay). Maine. Very
common in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle; occasional near Seal Harbor;
salt marsh, Stover’s Point, South Harpswell; in salt water pools, Ragged
Island, near Cape Elizabeth. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins).
Massachusetts. In quite fresh water, in old claypit. West Cambridge. August

122 Minnesota Algae

1905; common in salt marshes. (Collins). Abundant in summer in shallow,
brackish pools, covering exposed algae and Zostera. Gloucester. (Davis).
Rhode Island. Pocasset, Neutakonkanut. (Bennett, Collins). Connecticut.
Stonington. (Farlow). On the granite masses composing the breakwater at
Stonington. (Bailey). Abundant in quiet brackish water, often forming felt-
like sheets. Bridgeport; Cook’s Point, Fresh Pond, June, July, September,
October. (Holden). In a brackish pool beside the Thames River. Norwich.
September 1892. (Setchell). New York. Shores of Long Island, Fort
Hamilton, Bay Ridge. Summer. (Pike). New Jersey. In pools of moist
earth subject to inundations from flowing tides; in ponds and pools in
salt water marshes, Perth Amboy, Absecon. (Wolle). Brackish ditches at
Hoboken. (Bailey). Common on marshes on floating eel-grass. Atlantic
City. (Morse). In salt marshes about Newark Bay. (Pike). In salt ditches,
Cape May. (Martindale). Pennsylvania, In small ponds. (Wolle).
Minnesota. Gull Lake. July 1893. (Tilden). Iowa. In pond amid bladder-
wort. Eagle Grove. (Buchanan). Nebraska. In lakes and ponds in the
eastern part of the state; in mineral water, Lincoln, Franklin. (Saunders).
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Near Bridgetown; Bay Estate, Bar-
bados. (Howard). In mats on stones. Kingston, Jamaica. April 1893. (Hum-
phrey). Port Antonio, Jamaica. July 1891. (Pease and Butler). Near Kings-
ton, Jamaica. (Duerden). Hawaii. In ditches between Honolulu and
Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-97. (Schauinsland). Forming a skin growing closely
attached to sand on rock. Laie Point, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Til-
den).

Forma limicola Gomont. 1. c. 149. De Toni. 1. c. 265.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 19. no. 903. 1902;
Fasc, 29. no. 1402. 1907.

Plants living on damp soil, subject to inundation; plant mass pannose,
compact, somewhat thin; filaments densely crowded and strongly twisted.

Massachusetts, Forming thin, black continuous sheets on the mud of
a salt marsh. Bay Shore, Eastham. August 1907. (Collins). Washington.
On mud in a salt marsh. Snakalum Point, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

Forma natans Gomont. |. c. 149. De Toni. 1. c. 265.

Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac
and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 489. I90I.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 19. no. 904. 1902.

Plant mass covered with water, at first attached to wet earth, later
floating; filaments long, moderately flexuous or somewhat straight, loosely
entangled.

Washington, Floating among Ruppia in a salt water pond. West
coast of Whidbey Island. June 1901. (Gardner). Hawaii. In dirty tangled
masses, floating in lagoon formed at mouth of river. Kealia River, Kauai.

July 1900, (Tilden).

Forma symplocoides Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 149. 1893. De Toni. 1. c.
5: 205. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1009. 1903.

Myxophyceae 123

Plant mass not covered with water; filaments decumbent and entangled
at the base, above forming erect, densely coalesced fascicles.

Massachusetts. On a muddy shore near high water mark. Mattapoisett.
September 1902. (Collins).

Forma ferruginea Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 150. 1893. De Toni. 1. c.
5: 265. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 102. pl. 47 B. 1858. (L.
ferruginea Ag.). Kemp. A classified List of Marine Algae from the
Lower St. Lawrence. Can. Nat. and Geol. 5: 30. 1860. Farlow. List Marine
Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875.

Plant mass dark brown; sheaths thick, lamellose, more or less intensely
yellowish-brown.

Canada. On top of rocks near low water mark. Lower St. Lawrence.
(Kemp). New York. On muddy shores, in tide pools and floating in
ditches of salt or brackish water near the sea. Harlem River, close to the
High Bridge. (Harvey). Salt ditches at Hoboken and near Greenport. (Bai-
ley). Greenport, Long Island. (Farlow).

Forma aeruginosa (Ag.) Wolle in Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq.
Dulc. Exsicc. no. 282. 1879. Gomont. 1. c. 150. 1893. De Toni. 1. c. 265.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 586. 1902. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. I9. no. 902. 1902.

Plant mass dark blue-green; sheaths somewhat thin, colorless.

New Jersey. On ground or in brackish ditches. August 1878. (Wolle).
Washington. Floating in a salt water pond. West coast of Whidbey Island.
June 1900. (Gardner). Hawaii. In shallow water of taro patch forming
a bright blue-green continuous layer. Near Hauula Court House, Makao,
Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900, (Tilden).

235. Lyngbya majuscula (Dillwyn) Harvey in Hooker. English Flora. 5:
part I. 370. 1833. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 151. pl. 3. f. 3, 4. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 268. 1907. —

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 1o1. pl. 47 A. 1858. Mazé
and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 15, 22, 23, 24, 25. 1870-1877.
(Also O. corallicola Crouan, L.luteo-fusca Crouan, L.showiana
Crouan, L. rigidissima Crouan. Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Hall. List of the Marine Algae
growing in Long Island Sound. Bull. Torr. Bot, Club. 6: 112. 1876. Dickie.
Supplemental Notes on Algae collected by H. N. Moseley, M. A., of H.
M. S. Challenger, from various Localities. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 489.
1877. Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 34. pl. 1. f. 4. 1881. Pike,
Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Hay
and Mackay. List of the Marine Algae of the Maritime Provinces of Canada,
with Notes. Trans. Roy. Soc. Can. 5: 1887. Moebius. Ueber einige in
Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 246.
1888. Hauck. Meeresalgen von Puerto-Rico. Bot. Jahrb. 9: 470. 1888.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 95. 1888. Collins. Algae from Atlantic
City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 3r10. 1888. Murray. Catalogue of
the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

124 Minnesota Algae

(Also L. erosa Liebm, L. anguina Mont.). Martindale. Marine Al-
gae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem.
Torr. Bot. Club. 1: go. 1889. Woile and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889.
Anderson, List of California Marine Algae, with Notes. Zoe. 2: 218. 18091.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 202. 1896. Col-
lins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine Algae. Rhodora.
2: 42. 1900. West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater
Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900. Col-
lins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Til-
den. Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and
Annual for 1902, 112. 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 492. Igot.
Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII.
I: 55. 1905.
Plate V. fig. 42.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in length, widely expanded, dark blue, dark
blue-green, brownish or yellowish green; filaments very long, often curled,
sometimes rolled in a circinate manner, rarely moderately flexuous; sheaths
up to II mic. in thickness, colorless, later becoming very thick and rough-
ened on the outside; trichomes 16-60 mic. in diameter, not constricted at
joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none;
cells 2-4 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents finely
granular, dull green, gray or lead-colored.

Canada. Pictou Harbor. (Mackay). Floating tufts, attached to other
algae or to Zostera. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull). New
Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Wood’s Hole; during the later
summer months forming large tufts upon Zostera and various algae
and often found floating free, Cape Cod. (Farlow). Washed ashore in large
entangled masses. Wood’s Hole. August 1894. (Setchell). Rhode Island.
Providence. (Olney). (Collins). Connecticut. (Hall). New York. Can-
arsie, College Point, Long Island. Summer. (Pike). Long Island Sound.
(Bailey). Peconic Bay. (Hooper). New Jersey. Newark Bay, Hudson
River. (Pike). On eel-grass. Atlantic City. (Morse). Cape May. (Martin-
dale). Florida. Key West. (Farlow, Harvey, Ashmead). California, On
Zostera. Southern coasts. (Anderson). Mexico. (Liebman). Bermu-
das. (Rein). In shallow water. (Dickie). West Indies. (Hohenhacker).
Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Grenada, (Murray). In warm springs. Los Bafios, near
Coamo; in river near Cayey; in Caguitas River, near Caguas, Porto Rico.
1885. (Sintenis). Forming a film on marine algae. Port Antonio, Jamaica.
July 1891 (Pease and Butler) and March 1803 (Humphrey). Forming ex-
tensive tufts on muddy bottom, near the mouth of a small stream. Man-
chioneal Bay, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Shallow bays, Anguil-
la. (Elliott). Barbados. (Vickers). Hawaii. Epiphytic on other algae, at
Jow tide. Waianae, Oahu. May 1900, (Tilden).

236. Lyngbya martensiana Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae. 12.
1837. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 165. pl. 3. f. 17. 1893. De Toni. Syll.

Algar. 5: 279. 1907.
Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1865. (L.

Myxophyceae 125

arachnoidea Crouan). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues
Guadeloupe. 28. 1870-1877. (L. ther malis Crouan). Tilden. Collection
of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902.
112, 1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 490. 1901; Algae Collecting in the
Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Sta-
tion, I: 166. 1902. West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot.

42: 291. 1904. Tilden. Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala.
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 154. 1908; American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. .
no. 637. 1909. 2

Plate V. fig. 43.

Plant mass caespitose, blue-green, when dried often becoming violet;
filaments long, somewhat flexuous, flexible; sheaths colorless, becoming
thickened and roughened with age; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, not con-
stricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering, not capitate, apical cell
rotund; calyptra none; cells 1.7-3.3 mic. in length; transverse walls in-
conspicuous or marked by protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue-
green.

Central America. On stems of Scirpus, dead or dying, Lake Amatit-
lan, Guatemala. January 1906. (Kellerman). West Indies. Guadeloupe.
(Mazé and Schramm). Near Bridgetown; Graeme Hall Swamp, Barbados.
(Howard). Hawaii. On twigs under dripping water. Falls four miles
from mouth of river. Waialuka River, Hilo. July 1900. (Tilden).

Var. calcarea Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 178. 1896; Some new
species of Minnesota Algae which live in a calcareous or silicious matrix.
Bot. Gaz. 23: 101. pl. 9. £. 4. 1897; List of fresh-water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 1898. MacMil-
lan. Minnesota Plant Life. 30. f. 8, 10. 18909. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 280.
1907.

Plate V. fig. 44.

Plant mass forming extended strata throughout upper portions of cal-
careous deposit; filaments 6.5-7.5 mic. in diameter, straight, flexible, some-
what unequal in size; sheaths very distinct, colorless, smooth or rough;
trichomes 5-6.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, frequently inter-
rupted; apex of trichome not or very rarely tapering; cells about 2.5 mic.
in length; cell contents dull blue-green, violet or rarely brown.

Minnesota. Forming a part of the lime encrustation which covers sides
of wooden tank. Minneapolis. October 1895. (Tilden).

237. Lyngbya putealis Montagne. 2e centurie de Plantes cellulaires ex-
otiques. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 13: 200. 1840. Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. 163. pl. 3. £. 14. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 277. 1907.
Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1865. (Also
Leibleinia torta Crouan, Lyngbya arachnoidea Crouan,
L. putealis minor). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues
Guadeloupe. 28, 30, 31. 1870-1877. (Also L. rufescens Crouan, L. bi-
color Crouan, L. torta Crouan, L. fusca Crouan, L. fontana

126 Minnesota Algae

Crouan, L. fontana crassior Crouan). Collins, The Algae of
Jamaica, Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901.

Plate V. fig. 45.

Plant mass up to 1 dm. in length, caespitose, widely expanded, elongate,
penicillate, sometimes becoming dark violet or black; filaments very long,
more or less flexuous and entangled at the base, above straight, parallel,
rigid; sheaths colorless, thin, papery; trichomes 7.5-13 mic. in diameter,
especially constricted at joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell
rotund; calyptra none; cells 3-10 mic. in length; transverse walls some-
times granulated; cell contents granular, blue or blue-green.

West Indies. (Mazé and Schramm). Morant Bay, Jamaica. July 1900.
(Pease and Butler).

238. Lyngbya major Meneghini. Conspectus Algologiae euganeae. 12. 1837.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 164. pl. 3. f. 15. 1893. De Toni. Syll:
Algar. 5: 279. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. Mur-
ray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of
Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Re-
ported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. West. West.
Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904.

Plate V. fig. 46.

Filaments caespitose, elongate, straight, rigid, dark green; sheaths color-
less, thick, lamellose, roughened; trichomes 11-16 mic. in diameter, not
constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering, somewhat capi-
tate; apical cell showing a slightly thickened outer membrane; cells 2-3.4
mic. in length; transverse walls granulated; cell contents dark blue-green.

Florida. St. Lucia River. (Smith). Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln.
(Bessey, Pound and Clements). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).
Morant Bay, Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Bay Estate, Barbados,
(Howard). .

239. Lyngbya spirulinoides Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées homocystées.
Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 355. 1890; Monogr. Oscill. 166. pl. 3. f.
18, 19. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 287. 1907.
Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of
Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 187. 1903.

Plate V. fig. 47.

Plant mass floating, olive green; filaments entangled, fragile, forming a
regular loose spiral throughout the whole or a portion of their length, or
sometimes straight throughout; distance between turns of spiral 73-108
mic.; sheaths colorless, thin, somewhat mucous, not lamellose; trichomes
14-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome not
tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3.4-6.8 mic. in length;

Myxophyceae 127

transverse walls sometimes marked by fine granules; cell contents some-
what homogeneous or finely granular, pale blue-green.
Nebraska. On moist earth. Lincoln. (Bessey, Pound and Clements).

Washington. Floating among various filamentous algae. Lake Washington,
Seattle. (Gardner).

240. Lyngbya arachnoidea Kuetz. Sp. Algar. 282, 1849. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 266. 1907.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1865. Mazé
and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 28. 1870-1877.

Plant mass dark green, becoming brownish or sometimes reddish;
filaments 15-19 mic. in diameter, flexible, loosely entangled; sheaths color-
less, transparent; trichomes 12.5 mic. in diameter, interrupted in lower por-
tions; cells very short; cell contents granular, olive or blue-green.

West Indies. In stagnant water. (Schomburgk). +
Species not well understood.

241. Lyngbya bicolor Wood. Prodromus of a study of the fresh-water
Algae of eastern North America. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 11: 124. 1869;
Cont. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 22. pl. 1. f. 7. 1872.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 290. 1907.

Plant mass a blackish or bluish-green mat; filaments variously curved,
closely interwoven, simple; sheaths firm, transparent, in old filaments mod-
erately thick; trichomes sometimes constricted at joints, often interrupted;
cells short; transverse walls usually not visible; cell contents mostly very
granular, light blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Forming dark waving tufts, a half-inch or more in height,
adherent to bottom of stream, or to plants, sticks, etc. In shallow water
of the Schuylkill River, near Spring Mills, Philadelphia. (Wood).

242. Lyngbya caeruleo-violacea Crouan in Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class.
Algues Guadeloupe. 38. 1865. Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Al-
gues Guadeloupe. 21. 1870-1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 292. 1907.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

“Filamentis 14-1 cm. longis, in flocculos basim ad chordae ad instar
convolutis, apice liberis, articulis subtiliter granulatis, diam. 5-plo brevior-
ibus; strato siccitate violaceo-albido.”

West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

243. Lyngbya fluitans Hering in Krauss. Pflanzen des Cap- und Natal-
Landes, gesammelt und zusammengestellt. Flora. 215. 1846. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 290. 1907. S
Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
“Filis aeruginosis, tenuissimis, flaccidis, in caespitem tripollicarem laxe
implicatis.”
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

128 Minnesota Algae

244. Lyngbya hyalina Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 104. pl.
47 G. 1858. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 293. 1907.

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380.
1875, Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888. (Microcoleus
hyalinus (Kg.) Kirchn.). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of
the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1880.

Plant mass forming indefinite, very soft and somewhat gelatinous con-
tinuous tufts or pilose strata; filaments attached by their bases, erect,
straight, very slender, arachnoid, gelatinous-membranaceous, flaccid; trans-
verse walls visible in older plants; cell contents granular, very pale yel-
lowish green or nearly colorless.

Rhode Island. Davisville. (Bennett). Florida. On lime encrusted
rocks. Key West. (Harvey).

245. Lyngbya pusilla Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 103.
pl. 47 E. 1858. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 293. 1907.
Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875.
Plant mass minute, blackish green; filaments very slender, short,
crisped, spreading in small bundles; sheaths very thin, colorless; transverse
walls distinct; cell contents pale dull green.
South Carolina. Parasitic on small algae. Sullivan’s Island. (Harvey).

246. Lyngbya rubra Crouan in Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues
Guadeloupe. 29. 1870-1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 293. 1907.
“Filamentis tenuissimis, in stratus maculiformes vel fasciculatos ad cm.
longos consociatis, apice obtusis; articulis subquadratis, contentu subrubro
repletis.”
West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm).

247. Lyngbya rubro-violacea Crouan in Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class.
Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1870-1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 293.
1907.

“Filamentis in fasciculos penicillatos, plus minusve in spiram con-
volutos, 1-2 cm. longos conjunctis; articulis subquadratis, contentu violaceo-
obscuro, aetate provecta rubro.”

West Indies. On madrepores. Guadeloupe. (Mazé and Schramm).

Genus SYMPLOCA Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 201. 1843.

Filaments branched, ascending from a prostrate base, agglutinated to-
gether in erect or anastomosing fascicles, or wick-like bundles, more or less
procumbent, coalescing; false branches solitary; sheaths thin, colorless, firm
or somewhat mucous; apex of trichome straight, sometimes a little taper-
ing; outer membrane of apical cell slightly thickened in some species.

I. Plants living in salt water.
1. Fascicles erect

(1) Plant mass blackish green; trichomes 4-2 mic. in diameter, con-
stricted at joints throughout entire length S. atlantica

Myxophyceae 129

(2) Plant mass dull or dark lead-colored; trichomes 6-14 mic. in
diameter, constricted at joints near apices S. hydnoides

2. Fascicles appressed; trichomes 1.5-3.5 mic. in diameter, especially
constricted at joints S. laete-viridis
II. Plants living on moist earth, or in fresh or hot water.
1. Trichomes 1-3 mic. in diameter

(1) Plant mass deep blue-green; trichomes 1.2-2 mic. in diameter,

sometimes constricted at joints S. thermalis
(2) Plant mass compact, fibrous; trichomes 1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints S. dubia

(3) Plant mass blue-green, changing to brown; trichomes 2-3 mic,
in diameter S. fuscescens
2. Trichomes 3-8 mic. in diameter

(1) Fascicles short, erect, spine-shaped; trichomes 3.4-4 mic. in diame-
ter, not constricted at joints; cells somewhat quadrate or shorter
than the diameter S. muralis

(2) Fascicles tapering from a broad base to a loose, somewhat peni-
cillate apex; trichomes 5.6 mic. in diameter; cells a little longer
than their diameter, after division shorter S. borealis

(3) Fascicles elongate, usually procumbent, spine-shaped; trichomes
5-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; cells somewhat
quadrate or longer than the diameter S. muscorum

248. Symploca atlantica Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 129. pl. 2. f. 5. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 302. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no, 1356. 1907.

Plant mass fasciculate-caespitose, blackish green; fascicles up to 1
cm. in height, erect; filaments very densely entangled, free, unbranched;
strongly and angularly twisted; sheaths thin, firm; trichomes 4-6 mic. in
diameter, constricted at the joints throughout entire length; outer mem-
brane of apical cell thickened into a depressed conical calyptra; cells 2-6
mic. in length; transverse walls conspicuous, pellucid, not granulated; cell
contents scarcely granular, greenish yellow.

California. On ground moistened by salt water. Bay Farm Island, near
Alameda. November 1905. (Gardner).

249. Symploca hydnoides Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 272. 1849. Gomont. Mon-
ogr. Oscill. 126. pl. 2. f. 1-4. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 300. 1907.
Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865. (S. an-
tillarum Crouan). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guade-
loupe. 18. 1870-1877. (O. hydrurimorpha Crouan, O. symplocari-
oides Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West
Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Fhyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 203. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New
England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900; Phycological
Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 222, 1905. Vickers. Liste
des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. 1: 55. 1903.

130 Minnesota Algae

Plant mass fasciculate-caespitose, dull, rarely dark lead-colored; fas-
cicles up to 3 cm, in height, erect, spine-shaped, often lighter colored at
base on account of empty sheaths; filaments very densely entangled, some-
what agglutinated, sometimes branched, unequally and angularly twisted;
sheaths thin, somewhat mucous; trichomes 6-14 mic, in diameter, often
constricted at joints near the apices; apical cell slightly inflated; calyptra
none; cells 5-14 mic. in length; transverse walls usually indistinct; cell
contents granular, blue-green.

Massachusetts. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut.
In Yellow Mill Pond. August. (Holden). New York. Forming extended
patches on mud left bare at low tide in the bottom of a creek. Cold spring
Harbor. July 1895. (Johnson). West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

Var. genuina Gomont. 1. c. 127.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 19. no. 905. 1902.
Collins, The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad, Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901.

Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter; cells equal to or somewhat longer than
the diameter,

Washington. Growing on old logs in a small cove. Whidbey Island.
June r1oo1. (Gardner). West Indies. On rocks in shallow water, in
small patches, not abundant. Montego Bay and Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica.
1900. (Pease and Butler).

Var. fasciculata (Kuetz.) Gomont. 1. c. 127. De Toni, 1. c. 302.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 184. 1881. (S. fasciculata
Kuetz.). Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37:
240. 1901.

Trichomes 8-14 mic. in diameter; cells scarcely as long as the diameter.

Rhode Island. On rocks between tide marks. Newport. (Farlow).
West Indies. Montego Bay and Manchioneal Bay, Jamaica. (Pease and
Butler).

aso. Symploca laete-viridis Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 129. pl. 2. f. 6-8. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 302. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 188. 1903.

Plate V. fig. 50.

Plant mass thin, fibrillose, light green or yellowish; fascicles up to 1
mm. in height, slender, appressed to substratum; filaments moderately
flexuous, somewhat parallel, agglutinated, not branched; sheaths wide,
somewhat mucous; trichomes 1.5-3.5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted
at joints; apical cell conical; calyptra none; cells 2.5-6 mic, in length; cell
contents not granular, light green.

Alaska. On mud-covered rocks near the upper tide limit. St. Michael.
(Setchell). Florida. Key West, Gulf of Mexico. (Farlow).

251. Symploca thermalis (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 134. pl. 2.
f. 15, 16. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 307. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 294. 1898; Observations on

some West American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 98. pl. 9. f. 14. 1898.
Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am, Fasc. 14. no. 652. 1900.

Myxophyceae 131

Plate V. fig. 51.

Plant mass fasciculate-caespitose, widely expanded, dark blue-green;
fascicles up to I mm. in height, erect, approximate, somewhat thick; fila-
ments sometimes branched, fragile, twisted and densely entangled at the
base, above parallel, curled, closely crowded; sheaths very thin, sometimes
mucous; trichomes 1.2-2 mic. in diameter, here and there constricted at
joints; apex of trichome not tapering; apical cell rotund; calyptra none,
cells 1.7-5 mic. in length; transverse walls inconspicuous, sometimes marked

by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents homogeneous, rarely slightly
granular, pale blue-green.

Canada. Forming extensive layers or knob-like masses on bottom of
ditch. Natural Sulphur Springs, Banff, Alberta. August 1897. (Tilden).
New York. Adhering to bricks and stones in hot water from condensers
of steam engines of the water works. Schenectady. June 1893. (Holden).

252. Symploca dubia (Naegeli) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 135. 1893. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 308. 1907.

Plate V. fig. 52.

Plant mass compact, fibrous, widely expanded, fasciculate on the sur-
face, yellowish, blue-green or gray, sometimes reddish on the surface, light-
er colored within on account of empty sheaths; filaments coiled, entangled
at the base, forming parallel fascicles; sheaths somewhat thick, firm, ir-
regular in outline; trichomes 1.5-2.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at
joints; apical cell rotund; calyptra none; cells 3-8 mic. in length; trans-
verse walls inconspicuous, sometimes marked by two granules; cell con-

tents showing protoplasmic granules arranged in lines, pale blue-green.
Mexico, (Miiller).

253. Symploca fuscescens (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 153.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 307. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 304. pl. 205. f. 8-12. 1887.
Plant mass blue-green, changing to brown; fascicles mucous, penicil-
MEE, apex, obtuse; filaments agglutinated; sheaths mucous, scarcely
1S}

SpicuoUs >” -cells somewhat quadrate; cell contents homogeneous or finely
WE shale: olive or yellowish blue-green.

en ylvania. “Diameter of trichomes 2-3 mic.” (Wolle).

254. Symploca muralis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 201. 1843. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill, 132. pl. 2. f. 10. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 304. 1907.
Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895. Collins. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells,
Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park
Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896.

Plate V. fig. 53.
Plant mass continuous, widely expanded, shaggy, dark lead-colored;

fascicles up to 2 mm. in height, spine-shaped, somewhat thick, erect; fila-
ments elongate, twisted, irregularly entangled, closely crowded, decumbent

132 Minnesota Algae

at the base, ascending in less flexuous, somewhat parallel fascicles, not
branched; sheaths thin, firm, somewhat mucous below; trichomes 3.4-4 mic.
in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trichome slightly tapering;
apical cell obtuse conical; calyptra none; cells 1.5-4 mic. in length; trans-
verse walls hardly visible, not granulateu.

Massachusetts. Forming minute green, plush-like patches on ground.
Near Black Rock, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Connecticut. Occurring
abundantly on flower pots in greenhouse. New Haven. (Setchell).

255. Symploca borealis Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 156. 1865. De
Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 309. 1907. :
Plant mass fasciculated, bright bluish or blue-green; fascicles 6-8 mm.
up to 2.5 cm. in height, tapering from a broad lamelliform base up to a
loose, somewhat penicillate apex; filaments 7-10 mic. in diameter, loosely
agglutinated by a colorless mucus; sheaths close, sometimes swollen,
homogeneous, very smooth, colorless, often empty in upper portions;
trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, ‘somewhat equal, slightly curved, erect,
somewhat parallel, entangled, rarely interrupted; cells a little longer than
their diameter, after division shorter; cell contents granular, bright blue-
green.
Greenland. On Bartramia ithyphylla and B. fontana.
(Breutel). :
256. Symploca muscorum (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 354. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
130. pl. 2. f. 9. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 303. 1907.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 19, 29. 1870-1877.
(Ph. spadiceum Crouan, Ph. smaragdinum Crouan, L. grave-
olens Crouan). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
6: 183. 1877; (Ph. lyngbyaceum Kuetz.). Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
299. pl. 201. f. 22-26, 1887. (L. phormidium Kuetz.). Wolle and Mar-
tindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol.
Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. I. no. 66. 1804;
List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 1: 235. 1895. West and West. On some Freshwater AJjgae™i
the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 264. 1895. _. Collins; Holde
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 353. 1897. Setchelk':)'otés
Cyanophyceae, III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Collins, Holden. andSetj
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21: no. 1010. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Hiewe
Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 188. 1903.
West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1208. 1a05.

Plate V. fig. 54.

Plant mass fasciculate or mucous and Phormidium-like, extensive,
blackish, dark green or blue-green; fascicles twisted, creeping, rarely erect,
filaments flexible, densely crowded, at the base twisted and entangled, in
upper portions less twisted, somewhat parallel; not branched; sheaths up
to 2 mic. in diameter, firm, tenacious, or more or less mucous; trichomes

Myxophyceae 133

5-8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell rotund or obtuse
conical; calyptra slightly thickened; cells 5-11 mic. in length; transverse
walls usually inconspicuous, not granulated; cell contents granular, blue-
green.

Massachusetts. On moist earth by roadside. Malden. July 1904. (Col-
lins). New Jersey. On marsh bottoms. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. On
old logs partially submerged. (Wolle). Maryland. Forming tufts in an
old brickyard. Baltimore. November 1896. (Humphrey). Minnesota. On
trunk of tree-fern. University greenhouse. Minneapolis. November 1894.
(Tilden). Washington. Among mosses on damp ground. Newhall, Orcas
Island. (Gardner). California. In a greenhouse. Mount View Cemetery,
Oakland. July 1902. (Gardner). West Indies. (Mazé and Schramm,
Ramon de la Sagra). Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

Var. rivularis (Wolle) Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 67. 1894.
(L. phormidium rivularis Wolle). Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.
S. 299. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 304. 1907.

Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University.
Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae
collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895.

Plant mass forming dirty aeruginous tufts 25 mm. long; filaments
To mic. in diameter; cells 2.5-5 mic. in length; cell contents dark steel blue
or in portions yellowish green.

Pennsylvania. River Lehigh, Bethlehem. (Wolle). Illinois. Running
water. Big Wood, Cook County. April. (Johnson and Atwell). Minne-
sota. Attached to stones in aquarium in Zoological laboratory. University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis. November 1894. (Tilden).

Genus PORPHYROSIPHON Kuetzing.
Tab. Phyc. 2: 7. pl. 27. f. 1. 1850-1852.

Filaments unbranched; sheaths firm, solid, lamellose, usually purple
or flesh-colored; trichomes solitary within the sheath; apical cell not
capitate.

257. Porphyrosiphon notarisii (Meneghini) Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 7. pl.
27. £, 1. 1850-1852. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 69. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 314. 1907.

Tilden, American Algae. Cent. I. no. 65 b. 1894. Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no. 402. 1898. West and West. A
Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900.

Plate V. fig. 55.

Plant mass expanded, cushion-shaped, dark purple; filaments variously
curved, densely entangled; sheaths purple, often colorless at the apex,
sometimes showing layers of different colors, the outer ones colorless,
firm, finally becoming very thick, lamellose, with the apex tapering and
fibrillose; trichomes 8-19 mic. in diameter, usually constricted at joints;

134 Minnesota Algae

apical cell tapering, obtuse; cells 4.5-12 mic. in length; cell contents gran-
ulated, blue-green.

North America, (Trécul, Anderson). South Carolina. On clayey
soil in damp “Black-jack” woods. Chester. January 1898, (Green). West
Indies. (Lenormand).

Genus HYDROCOLEUS Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 196. 1843.

Plant mass forming a caespitose cushion, very rarely hardened with
calcium carbonate, or caespitose but somewhat indefinite, or even not
at all caespitose, but Phormidium-like; sheaths always colorless, cylindri-
cal, somewhat lamellose, more or less mucous or somewhat amorphous,
later entirely diffluent; trichomes few within the sheath, often loosely
aggregated; apex of trichome straight, more or less tapering, capitate;
outer membrane of apical cell thickened into a calyptra; cells shorter than
the diameter of the trichome, in some species very short.

I Plants living in salt water.
1 Plant mass caespitose
(1) Plant mass green becoming violet; sheaths cylindrical, moderate-
ly mucous; trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter
H. comoides
(2) Plant mass blackish green; sheaths irregular in outline, strongly
mucous; trichomes 18-24 mic. in diameter
H. cantharidosmus
2 Plant mass caespitose or forming an expanded mucous stratum,
blackish green; sheaths irregular in outline, strongly mucous or
even entirely diffluent; trichomes 8-16 mic, in diameter
H. lyngbyaceus
3 Plant mass mucous
(1) Plant mass yellowish brown or dull green; sheaths somewhat
amorphous or entirely diffluent; trichomes 14-21 mic. in diame-
ter H. glutinosus
(2) Plant mass pale blue-green; sheaths agglutinated, forming a dif-
fluent, amorphous layer; trichomes 25-30 mic. in diameter
H. holdenii

II Plants living in fresh water i

1 Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome gradually taper-
ing, evidently capitate; cells somewhat quadrate or one-half the

diameter of the trichome in length H. homoeotrichus
2 Trichomes 12 mic. in diameter; cells quadrate or two or three times
shorter than the diameter H. ravenelii

3. Trichomes 16-19 mic. in diameter; apex of trichome somewhat taper-
ing, scarcely capitate; cells 2-5 times shorter than the diameter
H. heterotrichus

258. Hydrocoleus comoides (Harvey) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 73. pl.
12, f. 3-§. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 315. 1907.

Myxophyceae 135

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 22. 1870-1877. (L.
mucosa _ Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the
West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

Plate V. fig. 56.

Plant mass up to 1.5 cm. in height, cushion-shaped, hemispherical,
caespitose, mucous, green becoming violet; filaments erect, often spirally
twisted and entangled below, free and somewhat straight in upper por-
tions, scarcely branched; sheaths wide, Lyngbya-like, regular in out-
line, lubricous, slightly mucous, sometimes lamellose and fibrillose, usually
Open at the end; trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints,
few within the sheath, solitary in upper portion of filament; apex of trich-
ome tapering, truncate; cells 3-5 mic. in length; transverse walls granu-
lated.

Bermudas, On the coast. (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe.
(Mazé). :

259. Hydrocoleus cantharidosmus (Montagne) Gomont. Essai Class. Nos-
tocacées homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 353. 1890; Monogr.
Oscill. 74. pl. 12. f. 6, 7. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 316. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 27. 1870-1877.
(L. cantharidosma Montagne, L. agglutinata Crouan, L. lati-
limba Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West
Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Vickers. Liste des Algues
Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 1: 45. 1905.

Plate V. fig. 57.

Plant mass up to 2. cm. in height, caespitose, lubricous, in dried
specimens adhering to paper, olive or dark blue-green; filaments some-
what straight, moderately branched; false branches appressed; sheaths
sometimes twice as thick as the trichome, very mucous, irregular and
roughened in outline, agglutinated when dried, sometimes Jamellose,
usually open at the apex; trichomes 18-24 mic. in diameter, not constricted
at joints, few within the sheath, somewhat parallel, solitary in upper por-
tion of filament; apex of trichome tapering, truncate; cells 2-4 mic. in
length; transverse walls sometimes granulated.

West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Barbados. (Vickers). Hawaii.
Growing with other algae below high tide. Hanalei, Kauai. July 1900. (Til-
den).

260. Hydrocoleus lyngbyaceus Kuetzing. Species Algar. 259. 1849. Go-
mont, Monogr. Oscill. 75. pl. 12, f. 8-10. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 317. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 7: 43. 1880;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 299. pl. 201. f. 27-29. 1887. (L. arenarium
(Kuetz.) Rab.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of
Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Collins. Pre-
liminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2:
42. 1900. Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci.

Nat. Bot. VIII. 1: 45. 1905.

136 Minnesota Algae

Plate V. fig. 58.

Plant mass caespitose or mucous, widely expanded, dark green; fila-
ments adnate, unbranched at base, branched in upper portions; false
branches numerous, somewhat appressed; sheaths wide, mucous, roughened
in outline, tapering or often open at apex, sometimes entirely diffluent
and agglutinated; trichomes 8-16 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints,
numerous at base of filament, spirally-twisted and entangled, solitary in
the branches; apex of trichome tapering, truncate; cells 2.5-4.5 mic. in
length; transverse walls granulated.

Massachusetts, (Collins). New Jersey. On moist low grounds near
Atlantic City. (Wolle). Florida, (Smith). Bermudas, (Farlow).
West Indies. Barbados. (Vickers).

Var. a. Gomont. 1. c. 76.

Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 89. 1806. Collins,
Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. no. 204. 1896.

Plant mass caespitose, usually epiphytic; sheaths somewhat firm.

Massachusetts, Very abundant on the fronds of Ascophyllum no-
dosum in the harbor. Woods Hole. Summer of 1904. (Nott, Setchell).

Var. B rupestre Kuetzing. |. c. 259. Gomont. 1. c. 76. De Toni. I. c. 318.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 205. 1896.
Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae.—VI. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
23: 1. 1806. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900.

Plant mass expanded, mucous; sheaths entirely diffluent.

Maine, At first forming gelatinous sheaths on Zostera and Rup-
pia, afterwards floating masses, in warm water of tidal basin. Goose
Cove, Rosier. July 1895. (Collins).

261. Hydrocoleus glutinosus (Agardh) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 353. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
77. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 318. 1907.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 30. 1865. (O.
fusco-rubra Crouan). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues
Guadeloupe. 15. 1870-1877. Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am.
Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. (L. nigrescens Harv.). Murray. Cata-
logue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot.
27: 261. 1889. (O. glutinosa A. Br.). Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 453. 1808. Collins. Preliminary Lists of
New England Plants—VI. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycolog-
ical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905. Vickers.
Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. 1: 45.
1905.

Plate V. fig. 50.
Plant mass not caespitose, mucous, indefinitely expanded or cylin-

drical in shape, yellowish brown or dull or yellowish green; sheaths very
irregular in outline and somewhat amorphous, finally entirely diffluent;

Myxophyceae 137

trichomes 14-21 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trich-
ome tapering, truncate; cells 2.5-3.5 mic. in length; transverse walls gran-
ulated.

Massachusetts, (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a Phormidium-
like coating on iron pillars between tide marks. Black Rock Beacon,
near Bridgeport. July 1892. (Holden). New York. Peconic Bay, Long

Island. (Farlow). West Indies, Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Barbados. (Vick-
ers).

262. Hydrocoleus holdenii Tilden. Rhodora. 3: 254. 1901. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 319. 1907.

Holden. Two new species of Marine Algae from Bridgeport, Con-
necticut. Rhodora, 1: 197. pl. 9. f. 7, 8. 1899. (H. majus Holden). Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 602. 1899. Col-
lins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora.
2° 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden —II. Rhodora.
7: 223. 1905.

Plate V. fig. 60, 61.

Plant mass mucous, tubular, dark blue-green; sheaths agglutinated,
forming mostly an amorphous, gelatinous, diffluent mass, from which the
outer extermities of the trichomes project, naked or enveloped in broad
ragged sheaths, or the trichomes escape entirely and become independent;
trichomes 25-30 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apex of trich-
ome tapering, truncate; apical cell showing evident calyptra; cells 3-6 mic.
in length; transverse walls granulated; cell contents blue-green.

Connecticut. Forming gelatinous tubular coatings on old Spartina
stems in ditches of a salt marsh. Bridgeport. May 1896; Cook’s Point,
May, September. (Holden).

263. Hydrocoleus homoeotrichus Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 196. 1843. Gomont.
Monogr. Oscill. 82. pl. 13. f. 7-10. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
323. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.
(H. phormidioides Bulnh.). Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophy-
ceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895.

Plate V. fig. 62, 63.

Plant mass caespitose, floating, indefinite, expanded, lead-colored or
black; filaments simple or sparingly branched, flexuous, more or less flex-
ible, entangled in tufts; sheaths lamellose, somewhat diffluent, cylindrical,
roughened on the surface, transversely wrinkled, with open or pointed
apex; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, many within the sheath, parallel or
twisted and entangled, sometimes solitary, not constricted at joints; apex
of trichome gradually tapering, evidently capitate; apical cell depressed
conical; cells 4-5.5 mic. in length; transverse walls frequently granulated;
cell contents blue-green or lead-colored.

Connecticut. Growing in small short tufts on the posterior ends of
shells of living fresh water mussels (Anodonta). Trading Cove Brook,

138 Minnesota Algae

Norwich. (Setchell). Pennsylvania. On stones in rapid water; in sphag-
num swamps. (Wolle).

264. Hydrocoleus ravenelii Wolle. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 322. 1907.

Plate V. fig. 64-65.

Plant mass dark violet or blue-green; filaments 15 mic. in diameter,
those containing two or more trichomes proportionately wider; sheaths
of younger plants close and colorless, those of older plants thicker and
firmer, golden brown in color, lamellose, with ends usually empty and
sharply pointed; trichomes 12 mic. in diameter, of equal thickness, solitary
or two or three somewhat twisted together in a common sheath; cells
somewhat equal, or two or three times shorter than the diameter; cell
contents blue-green changing to golden brown or chestnut.

Texas, Pasture grounds. Houston. (Ravenel).

265. Hydrocoleus heterotrichus Kuetzing. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 80.
pl. 13. f. 3, 4. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 320. 1907.
Wolle, Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879; Fresh-
Water. U. S. 307. pl. 205. f. 2-5. 1887.

Plate V. fig. 66.

Plant mass about 5 mm. in height, caespitose, blackish; filaments ad-
nate, short, in basal portion trunk-like, broadening out towards the apex,
then divided and repeatedly branched; false branches more or less widely
diverging, flexuous; sheaths somewhat close, somewhat mucous, irregu-
lar and roughened in outline, broadened out in middle portion of filament,
gradually tapering towards the apex, pointed, open or closed, transversely
wrinkled; trichomes 16-19 mic. in diameter, many within the sheath, closely
aggregated, straight or spirally tangled and twisted, sometimes solitary,
not constricted at joints; apex of trichome very slightly tapering, scarcely
capitate, truncate; cells 3.4-4.5 mic. in length; cell contents finely granular.

Pennsylvania. In swamp. Near Bethlehem. (Wolle).

Genus HYPHEOTHRIX Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 229. 1843.

Plants living on moist earth or dripping rocks; filaments prostrate,
commonly slightly branched, woven into a more or less compact mass;
sometimes hardened with calcium carbonate; sheaths always colorless.

J Filaments very much twisted, scarcely flexible, ruptured if disentangled.

1 Plant mass thin, somewhat gelatinous, papery-membranaceous, very
hard when dry, not encrusted with calcium carbonate; sheaths
firm; trichomes I-1.7 mic. in diameter, usually one or two within
the sheath H. calcicola

2 Plant mass flocculent, waving, light fawn-colored; filaments 1.2-1.8

mic, in diameter; sheaths inconspicuous; transverse walls not visible
H. hinnulea

Myxophyceae 139

3 Plant mass forming a small mat; filaments 1.5-2 mic. in diameter;
sheaths closely adherent, entirely diffluent H. gloeophila

4 Plant mass thin, cushion-shaped, mucous; filaments 1.8-2.2 mic. in
diameter; sheaths close H. herbacea

5 Plant mass sometimes expanded, forming loosely interwoven masses
or small cushion-shaped clusters; filaments 3.5-4 mic. in diameter;
sheaths firm, close H. tenax

6 Plant mass somewhat spherical, hollow, tough, yellowish or light
straw-colored; filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter; trichomes 1.5-2
mic. in diameter H. bullosa

7 Plant mass ¢ompact, leathery, brick-colored; filaments up to 7.5
mic. in diameter; sheaths wide, membranaceous, firm, homogeneous,
smooth; trichomes 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, here and there inter-
rupted H. turicensis

8 Plant mass more or less expanded, olive green; filaments 8-11 mic.
in diameter; sheaths moderately wide; trichomes 3.5 mic. in diame-
ter, here and there interrupted, often constricted at joints

H. aikensis

Tl Filaments long and flexible, disentangled without rupturing

1 Plant mass encrusted with calcium carbonate; trichomes 1I-1.7 mic.
in diameter; cells longer than the diameter H. coriacea

2 Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate; trichomes 1.5-2
mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter
H. lardacea

3 Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate; trichomes 1.5-3
mic. in diameter; cells longer than the diameter
H. arenaria

4 Plant mass compact, leathery, roughened; trichomes 2.3-2.8 mic. in
diameter; cells a little shorter than the diameter
H. vulpina

5 Plant mass membranaceous, firm, smooth, pale rose or dark red;
trichomes 5.6-8.3 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate
H. pallida

266. Hypheothrix calcicola (Agardh) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 78.
1865. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 45. pl. 8 f. 1-3. 1893. (Schizo-
thrix calcicola Gom.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 327. 1907.

Anderson and Kelsey. Common and conspicuous Algae of Montana.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 145. 1891. (Leptothrix calcicola Kg.).
Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. a1. pl. 2. f. 19. 1894
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 180. 1896; (P. purpurascens
(Kuetz.) Gom.); On some Algal Stalactites of the Yellowstone National
Park. Bot. Gaz. 24: 197. pl. 8. f. 3, 4. 1897; Observations on some West
American Thermal Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 98. 1808. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 557. 1899.

140 Minnesota Algae

Plate VI. fig. 1-4.

Plant mass not encrusted with calcium carbonate, somewhat gelatinous,
very hard when dry, papery-membranaceous, black or rarely yellowish
blue-green; filaments short, very much twisted and entangled, rarely
branched; sheaths firm, somewhat cartilaginous, tapering at the apex, at
first somewhat close, cylindrical, enclosing one trichome, later becoming
thicker, somewhat lamellose, irregular and roughened in outline, en-
closing two or rarely many trichomes; trichomes 1-1.7 mic. in diameter,
not constricted at joints; cells 2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls some-
times marked by two protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts. On walls of greenhouse. Botanic Garden, Cambridge.
January 1899. (Collins). Nebraska. In greenhouse at the University.
(Saunders). Montana. Common everywhere all the year, on damp or
dripping rocks. (Anderson and Kelsey). Wyoming. Together with
Synechococcus aeruginosus and Gloeocapsa violacea,
forming black “stalactites,” 1-1.5 dm. long and .5 dm. in diameter, or ser-
rated, suspended masses or extended sheets. These hung from the top
and lined the walls of a small cave in which was the vent of a hot spring.
At short intervals they received jets of steam and a spray of hot water. Val-
ley of Nez Perces Creek, Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National
Park. June 1896. (Tilden).

'

267. Hypheothrix (?) hinnulea (Wolle). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 336. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182, 1877.
(Beggiatoa hinnulea Wolle); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 320. pl.
208. f. 5. 1887. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 69. 1894. (Lyngbya
hinnulea (Wolle) (Tilden); List of fresh-water Algae collected in Min-
nesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 235. 1895.

Plant mass flocculent, caespitose, waving, 6 mm. in thickness, light
fawn-colored; filaments 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, 10-15 mm, in length,
flexible and contractile; sheaths inconspicuous; transverse walls not visible;
cell contents colorless or light yellowish brown.

Pennsylvania. In trenches for warm waste water from steam engines.
(Wolle). Minnesota. Collected in masses around the inlet pipe in tanks
in Zoological laboratory. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Novem-
ber 1894. (Tilden).

268. Hypheothrix gloeophila (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 77.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 331. 1907.

Plant mass forming a small mat; filaments 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, some-
times solitary, usually slightly curved and entangled; sheaths closely ad-
herent, entirely diffluent; cells once and a half longer than their diameter;
cell contents pale, almost colorless.

Greenland. (Richter).

269. Hypheothrix herbacea Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 199. 1843. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 328. 1907.

Myxophyceae I4I

Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 320. pl. 208. f. 13. 1887. (Leptothrix
herbacea Kg,).

Plant mass thin, somewhat cushion-shaped, mucous, bright green,
more or less faded underneath; filaments 1.8-2.2 mic. in diameter, very
slender, slightly flexuously curved, entangled; sheaths very close, color-
less; cells here and there distinct.

South Carolina. Very abundant on the wood-work around the artesian
well. Charleston. (Wolle).

270. Hypheothrix tenax Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
6: 282. 1879; Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 319. pl. 203. f. 2. 1887.
(Leptothrix tenax Wolle). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 320.
1907.

Plant mass sometimes expanded, forming loosely interwoven masses

1.5 dm. or more in diameter, at other times forming small, caespitose,
cushion-shaped clusters; filaments 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, slender but strong
and tough, often forming firm membranes; sheaths colorless, firm, close;
transverse walls not always visible; cells about as long as wide; cell con-
tents primarily light blue-green, soon changing to dull yellow or light
brown.

Pennsylvania. On stones in stagnant water. (Wolle).

271. Hypheothrix bullosa Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 6: 182. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 321. pl. 208. f. 19.
1887. (Leptothrix bullosa Wolle). De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 329. 1907.

Plant mass 4-8 mm, in diameter, somewhat spherical or oval, hollow,
tough, gregarious, dilute straw color or yellowish white; filaments 4-6
mic. in diameter, unbranched, densely interwoven; sheaths colorless; trich-
omes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter; cell contents pale blue-green, often faded
and contracted.

Pennsylvania. Shallow, sluggish water, Susquehanna River, Harris-
burgh. (Wolle).

272. Hypheothrix turicensis Naegeli in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 269. 1849.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 333. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877.

Plant mass compact, leathery, irregularly roughened, brick-colored,
within faded or dull green; filaments up to 7.5 mic. in diameter; sheaths
wide, membranaceous, firm, homogeneous, colorless, very smooth, taper-
ing at apex; trichomes 3.2-4 mic. in diameter, thick, flexuously curved, here
and there interrupted; cells a little shorter than the diameter; transverse
walls sometimes indistinct; cell contents sometimes granular, dark or
pale blue-green.

Pennsylvania. Moist rocks. (Wolle).

273. Hypheothrix aikenensis Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 329. 1907.
Plant mass more or less expanded, olive green; filaments 8-11 mic.

142 Minnesota Algae

in diameter, tenacious, curved, very densely entangled; sheaths moderately
wide, colorless, pellucid; trichomes 3.5 mic. in diameter, here and there
interrupted, often constricted at joints; cells 3.5-7 mic. in length; cell
contents pale blue-green.

South Carolina. Sluggish water. Aiken. (Ravenel).

274. Hypheothrix coriacea Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 267. 1849. Gomont. Mon-
ogr. Oscill. 47. pl. 8. f. 6, 7. 1893. (Schizothrix coriacea
Gom.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 336. 1907.

Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 14. no. 654. 1900. (Sch. coriacea (Kg.) Gom.). Collins. The
Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. Igo01. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 855. 1901. Collins.
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate VI. fig. 2.

Plant mass up to 1.5 cm. in thickness; widely expanded, encrusted with
calcium carbonate, crustaceous, leathery, roughened on the surface, green
becoming reddish, rose- or brick-colored on the outside, faded within;
filaments very densely entangled, scarcely to be separated without rup-
turing, very long and soft, usually moderately branched; sheaths cylindri-
cal, firm, somewhat close, slightly roughened, not lamellose, with very
gradually tapering apices; trichomes I-1.7 mic. in diameter, few within
the sheath, somewhat parallel or solitary, constricted at joints; apical cell
acute-conical; cells 3-6 mic. in length; transverse walls indistinct; rarely
granulated; cell contents pale blue-green.

Arctic Regions, Walrus Island, 79° 15’ N. (Dickie). Connecticut.
Forming a felty stratum of yellowish or orange tint, on moist limestone
rocks, shore of Housatonic River, near Gaylordsville. October 1808
and April 1899. (Holden). California. Mixed with other algae, form-
ing a thin layer on the side of a watering trough. Dillon’s Beach, En-
trance to Tomales Bay, Marin County. December 1898. (Setchell and
Gibbs). West Indies. In tufts on sides of lily tanks. Botanic Garden,
Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

Forma meneghinii Kuetzing. 1. c. 268. De Toni. 1. c. 337.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877.

Plant mass usually somewhat thick, pale red or flesh-colored; sheaths
2.8-4 mic. in thickness, up to four times thicker than the filaments.

New Jersey. Damp earth. (Austin).

275. Hypheothrix lardacea (Cesati) Hansgirg in Dalla Torre und Sarnth.
Alg. v. Tyr. Vorarl. u. Liechtenst. 96. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.
49. pl. 8. f. 8, 9. 1893. (Schizothrix lardacea Gom.). De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 340. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 105. 1895.
(S. lardacea (Ces.) Gom.). Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae
of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895. Tilden. American

Myxophyceae 143

Algae, Cent. II. no. 176. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies, 2: 28. 1898. Saun-
ders, The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.
3: 306. I9oI. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no.

955. 1902. Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II.
Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate VI. fig. 3.

Plant mass up to 3 cm. in thickness, expanded, not encrusted with cal-
cium carbonate, hard and elastic, composed of layers more or less uniform in
color, dull or olive green or reddish; filaments soft, very long, twisted,
not or but little branched, separated without rupturing; sheaths cylindrical,
firm, contracted or pointed at the apex, at first close and smooth, finally
becoming thicker and roughened; trichomes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, few
within the sheath, frequently solitary, somewhat parallel, in living speci-
mens not constricted at joints; cells 2-3 mic. in length; transverse walls
usually marked by protoplasmic granules; cell contents pale blue-green.

Alaska. Prince William Sound. June 1899. (Saunders). Forming blood-
red gelatinous’ patches on smooth, wet, vertical rocks. Cascades, near
Iliuliuk. June 1899. (Setchell and Lawson). Forming bright rose-red tufts
on rocks exposed to fresh water spray. Near Orca, Prince William Sound.
(Setchell). Connecticut. On vertical surface of dripping rock. East
Rock, New Haven. November. (Holden). Forming rather gelatinous, rusty
or dirty green patches on wet vertical faces of trap rock. East Rock, New
Haven. December 1891. (Setchell). Minnesota. In a bottle of distilled
water left standing for several months. Botanical Laboratory, University
of Minnesota. 1896. (Determined by M. Gomont).

276. Hypheothrix arenaria (Berkeley). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 342. 1907.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 50. pl. 8. f. 11, 12. 1893. (Schizothrix
arenaria Gom.).

Plate VI. fig. 4.

Plant mass thin, somewhat fragile, not encrusted with calcium car-
bonate, blue-green; filaments firm, strongly flexuous, closely entangled,
below trunk-shaped, towards the apex divided and branched; false branches
strongly twisted and entangled; sheaths firm, roughened in outline, tapering
at the apex, thick and lamellose in the lower parts; trichomes 1.5-3 mic. in
diameter, few in the lower part of the filament, loosely aggregated, some-
what parallel, often solitary in the branches, constricted at the joints (in
dried specimens); apical cell acute-conical; cells up to 5 mic. in length; cell
contents pale blue-green.

United States. (Setchell).

277. Hypheothrix vulpina Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 267. 1849. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 338. 1907.
Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880.

Plant mass compact, leathery, opaque, roughened, reddish or dull olive,

144 Minnesota Algae

becoming darker in color; sheaths close, delicate, colorless; trichomes 2.3-
2.8 mic. in diameter, slightly curved, loosely entangled; cells a little short-
er than the diameter; transverse walls distinct, slightly granulated; cell
contents pale becoming darker.

Arctic Regions, Marshy spots on land, 82° 27’ N. (Dickie).

278. Hypheothrix pallida Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 893. 1849. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 339. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 182. 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 208. pl. 202. f. 26-31. 1887. (L. pallida (Naeg.)
Wolle). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889.

Plant mass membranaceous, firm, somewhat smooth, pale rose or
dark red in color; filaments 40-80 mic. (?Wolle) in diameter; sheaths very
wide, at first homogeneous, finally becoming lamellose and fibrillose; trich-
omes 5.6-8.3 mic. in diameter, rather straight or sightly curved, some-
what parallel or sometimes flexuously curved and interwoven; cells some-
what quadrate, here and there slightly swollen; cell contents faded or yel-
lowish brown.

New Jersey. Forming reddish-brown stratum on dry ground. (Austin).
On wet soil and old meadow grounds. (Wolle).

Genus SYMPLOCASTRUM Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 52. 1893.

Plants terrestrial or living on damp rocks; filaments twisted and en-
tangled, ascending from a prostrate base, agglutinated together in erect
fascicles; sheaths colorless.

I. Plant mass blue-green; trichomes 1.4-2 mic. in diameter, constricted
at the joints; cells shorter than the diameter S. fragile

II Plant mass flesh-colored or reddish; trichomes 1.6-2 mic. in diameter;
cells usually longer than the diameter S. rubrum

III Plant mass gray or yellowish; trichomes 1.9-2.3 mic. in diameter;
cells longer than the diameter S. cuspidatum

IV Plant mass blackish, olive or lead-colored; trichomes 3-6 mic. in
diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter
S. friesii

279. Symplocastrum fragile (Kuetzing). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 347. 1907.
Gomont Monogr. Oscill. 52. pl. 8. f. 13, 14. 1893. (Schizothrix
fragilis (Kg.) Gom.).

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 104. 1895.

Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 22: 429. 1895.

Plate VI. fig. 5.

Plant mass up to I mm. in thickness, pannose, tomentose, olive or
blue-green; filaments flexuous, entangled, more or less. parallel, finally be-
coming united into short, erect fascicles; sheaths irregular in outline, some-

Myxophyceae 145

what diffluent; trichomes 1.4-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, at
the base of the filament often numerous and closely crowded within the
sheath; cells 1-2.5 mic. in length; protoplasm floccose, not granular, pale
blue-green.

Connecticut, Forming a reddish, closely adherent crust on stones kept
moist by the spray from a waterfall, by dam across Still River, Brook-
field. May 1892. (“The red color was due to a unicellular organism asso-
ciated with it’). (Setchell).

280. Symplocastrum rubrum (Meneghini) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 350.
1907. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 53. pl. 8. f. 15, 16. 1893. (Schizo-
thrix rubra Gom.).

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Notthecstera America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 189. 1903.

Plate VI. fig. 6.

Plant mass caespitose, flesh-colored, reddish or becoming dark colored;
filaments elongate, divided and branched into numerous appressed por-
tions, in lower parts twisted and entangled, above less flexuous, parallel,
forming short, erect, pointed tufts at the apex; sheaths cylindrical, firm,
wide, somewhat lamellose, slightly roughened on the surface, frequently
transversely wrinkled at the base with a very long, pointed apex; trich-
omes 1.6-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints (in dried specimens), few
or often solitary within the sheath; apical cell rotund; cells 2-3.5 mic. in
length; transverse walls often granulated; cell contents pale reddish.

Alaska. Forming scum on deep pool of fresh water. Glacier Valley,
Unalaska. (Lawson).

281. Symplocastrum cuspidatum (West and West). De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 349. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 273. pl. 16. f. 1-7. 1895. (Symploca cuspida-
tum W. and W.).

Plate VI. fig. 7-9.

Plant mass widely expanded, gray or yellowish; fascicles 8-15 mm.
in height, erect, narrow, awl-shaped, aggregated, here and _ there
dense, becoming bluish green; sheaths colorless, transparent or forming
parallel layers, often roughened in outline, narrower and often branched at
the apex; trichomes 1.9-2.3 mic. in diameter, flexuous, entangled, often
interrupted, narrower in the mass, at the apex of the fascicles one to
three included in the wide sheath, 13.5-25 mic. in diameter; cells 3.8-9 mic.
in length; transverse walls distinct; cell contents blue-green.

West Indies. Specimens resembling Sphagnum cuspidatum. Occur-
ring among mosses on trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), Dominica.
(Elliott).

Var. luteo-fusca West and West. A Further Confribution to the
Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-
1900. De Toni. L. c. 349.

146 Minnesota Algae

Plant mass 1-2 mm. in height; rust-colored, dense; fascicles 4-10 mm.
in height; sheaths 15-40 mic. in thickness, often surrounding two, three
or many trichomes; trichomes 2.5-3.5 mic. in diameter.

West Indies. On rocks. Roseau Valley (1000-2000 ft.), Dominica; on
bark, windward road to lake, Dominica; on the ground, mostly in old
Diablotia holes, Morne Anglais (2300 ft.). (Elliott).

282. Symplocastrum friesii (Agardh) Kirchner in Engler and Prantl. Die
natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien. I. 1. a. 68. f. 53. 1900. Gomont. Mon-
ogr. Oscill. 54. pl. o<. f. 1, 2, 1893. (Schizothrix friesii
Gom). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 347. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
(Symploca lucifuga Bréb.); Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. (Symploca friesiana Kg.); Fresh-Water
Algae U. S. 303. pl. 205. f. 8; 304. pl. 205. f. 13. 1887. Moebius. Ueber
einegé in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-Algen. Hedwigia.
27: 246. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of
Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 18809. Collins,
Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11, no. 503. 1898.’ Collins.
Notes on Algae. I. Rhodora. 1: 10. 1899.

Plate VI. fig. 10.

Plant mass indefinite, expanded, black or olive or lead-colored; fila-
ments in lower portions twisted and entangled, in upper parts somewhat
straight, parallel, dichotomously divided and branched into appressed por-
tions, forming rigid, erect, spine-shaped tufts 3 cm. or more in height;
sheaths cylindrical, firm, pointed at the apex, lamellose, smooth or a
little roughened in outline; trichomes 3-6 mic. in diameter, evidently
constricted at the joints, few or solitary within the sheath, parallel; apical
cell truncate conical; cells 4-11 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely gran-
ular (except in apical cell).

Canada, On old wood. (Macoun). United States. (Farlow).
Maine. On ground in woods at the base of Mount Kineo. July 1897. (Col-
lins). Massachusetts. On damp ground. August 1898; abundant in paths
and by roadsides. Lynnwoods, Middlesex Fells. 1899. (Collins). New
Jersey. On shaded clay banks. Bergen. (Wolle). West Indies. Growing
upon moss. On Mt. Jimenez, Sierro de Luquillo, Porto Rico. (Sintenis).

Genus INACTIS Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 44. 1845-1849.

Plants growing in moist places or in rivers; filaments caespitose, often
with numerous false branches, forming cushions which finally often
become encrusted with calcium carbonate and hardened, zonate within,
or aggregated into penicillate, floating fascicles; sheaths colorless or near-
ly so.

I. Plant mass cushion-shaped, tufted

1 Plant mass strongly encrusted with calcium carbonate, stony; fila-
ments straight, somewhat simple; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter;
cells somewhat quadrate I. pulvinata

Myxophyceae 147
~
2 Plant mass strongly encrusted with calcium carbonate, stony; fila-
ments slender, simple in basal portions, fasciculately branched
above; trichomes 1.4-3 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate
or longer than the diameter I. fasciculata
3 Plant mass cushion-shaped or crustaceous, not hardened with calcium
carbonate; filaments forming trunk at base, very much branched
in upper portions; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter; cells longer
than the diameter I. lacustris
4 Plant mass somewhat hemispherical, plano-convex; filaments more

or less branched, growing in tufts; cells two or three times longer
than broad I. austini

Il Plant mass forming penicillate fascicles, floating.

1 Plant mass submerged, attached; filaments very long; trichomes
1.4-2.4 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints
I. tinctoria
2 Plant mass submerged, epiphytic on other algae; trichomes 3-6 mic.
in diameter, usually constricted at joints I. simmonsiae
3 Plant mass submerged, attached; filaments very long; trichomes
6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints J. mexicana

ITI Filaments solitary, growing in gelatinous mass formed by other
algae; trichomes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints
I. hawaiensis
283. Inactis pulvinata Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 1: 44. pl. 77. f. 3. 1845-1840.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 36. 1893. (Schizothrix pulvinata
Gom.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 350. 1907.

Plate VI. fig. 11-13.

Plant mass cushion-shaped or crustaceous, stony, hardened with cal-
cium carbonate, uneven or mammillate, blue-green on the outer surface,
zonate within; filaments straight, rigid, parallel, coalesced or closely
crowded, moderately branched; false branches entirely appressed; sheaths
papery, with pointed apex; trichomes 1-2 mic. in diameter, constricted
at joints, more or less numerous within the sheath; cells somewhat quad-
rate or twice as long as broad; cell contents pale blue-green.

North America. In cataracts. (Anderson).

284. Inactis fasciculata (Naegeli) Grunow in Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar.
2: 160. 1865. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 36. pl. 6. f. 1-3. 1893. (Schi-
zothrix fasciculata Gom.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 351.
1907.

Murray. Calcareous Pebbles formed by Algae. Phyc. Mem. Part III.

74. pl. 19. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 80.

1896. Pennhallow. Note on Calcareous Algae from Michigan. Bot. Gaz.

21: 215. 1806. MacMillan. Minnesota Plant Life. 41. 1899. Tilden.

American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 585. 1902. Powell. Observations on some

Calcareous Pebbles. Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 75. pl. 16. f. 8, 9; pl. 17. f. 1-5.

1903.

148 Minnesota Algae

Plate VI. fig. 14, 15.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, stony, hardened with calcium carbonate,
becoming confluent into a crustaceous, mammillate layer, blue-green, flesh-
colored or brownish on the surface, zonate within; filaments slender, flex-
uous, closely entangled, forming a trunk-shaped basal portion narrower
at the base, thicker above, branched and divided into many parts at the
apex; false branches fasciculate, somewhat appressed; sheaths somewhat
thick, with pointed apex; trichomes 1.4-3 mic. in diameter, constricted at
the joints, many in the trunk-shaped basal portion, few or solitary in the
branches; apical cell acute conical; cells 1.2-3.5 mic. in length; cell con-
tents pale blue-green.

Connecticut. Mixed with other algae. Twin Lakes, near Salisbury.
(Setchell). Michigan, Pebbles found in a pond on the shore of Lake
Michigan. (Velie). Minnesota. Forming calcareous pebbles, which were
found lying in from four to ten feet of clear water on sand-bars. Clear-
water Lake, Wright County. June 1901. (Freeman and Lyon). “These
pebbles range in size from that of a small hickory nut to two inches in
diameter. Most of them are flattened, and though comparatively smooth
in same cases, are often rough, corrugated and wave-worn. All are more
or less hollow. In section they have a distinctly stratified appearance.”
* * * They “were found to be composed of a densely interwoven mass
of filaments of which the most common type was that of S. fasciculata
Gom.”—Powell.

285. Inactis lacustris (A. Braun) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 354. 1907.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 39. pl. 6. f. 9-12. 1893. (Schizothrix
lacustris A. Br.).

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am, Fasc. 15. no. 712. 1900.

Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.

3: 397. IQOT.

Plate VI. fig. 16.

Plant mass cushion-shaped or crustaceous, not at all or scarcely hard-
ened with calcium carbonate, dull yellowish green; filaments flexuous,
closely crowded, forming a trunk-shaped basal portion narrower at the
base, broadened towards the apex, branched and divided into many parts
at the apex; false branches twisted, entangled, or somewhat parallel;
sheaths colorless, wide, very wide in the lower part of the filament; trich-
omes I-1.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints, many in the trunk-
shaped basal portion, remote, often spirally twisted, few or solitary in the
branches; cells up to 4 mic. in length; cell contents pale blue-green.

Alaska. In a fresh water pool. Near Prince William Sound. June 1899.
(Saunders). Connecticut. On sandy ground near “Fresh Pond” (brack-
ish). Stratford. December 1897. (Holden).

Var. caespitosa Gomont. I. c. 39. De Toni. 1. c. 354.

Hauck and Richter, Phyk. Univ. no. 741. 1886-1889. (S. lacustris
caespitosa Gom.). Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middle-
sex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropoli-

Myxophyceae 149

tan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 206. 1896.

Filaments forming a very thick, trunk-shaped basal portion; false
branches short.

Massachusetts. On stones along the margin of Spot Pond, Middlesex

Fells; on stones at the water’s edge, Peabody, Suntaug Lake, August 1890;
Tynnfield, Suntaug Lake, September 1890. (Collins).

286. Inactis austini Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
6: 183. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 351. 1907.

Plant mass somewhat hemispherical, plano-convex, 3-7.5 mic. in diame-
ter, often aggregated, diffluent, browa becoming blackish green; filaments
firm, cylindrical; more or less branched, growing in tufts; sheaths colorless,
very close; cells two or three times longer than broad; transverse walls
usually distinct; cell contents dark blue-green.

New Jersey. Wet rocks. Little Falls. 1867. (Austin).

287. Inactis tinctoria (Agardh) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 379. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 41. pl. 7.
f. 5-7, 1893. (Schizothrix tinctoria Gomont.). De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 356. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.
(Hydrocoleum tinctorium A. Br.); Fresh Water Algae. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 282. 1879. (Hypheothrix tinctoria Rabenh.);
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 321. pl. 208. f. 16. 1887. (Leptothrix tinc-
toria Kg.). Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported
Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901.

Plate VI. fig. 17.

Plant mass continuous, soft, mucous, attached to submerged plants,
blue-green or violet; filaments very long, flaccid, floating in free tufts, with
penicillate apices, unbranched in lower portions, branched above; sheaths
narrow, not lamellose, somewhat diffluent; trichomes 1.4-2.4 mic. in diame-
ter, especially constricted at the joints, in basal part of filament numer-
cus within the sheath, more or less spirally twisted, in the branches few
and straight; apical cell rotund; cells 1.4-3 mic. in length.

Pennsylvania, On aquatic plants. (Wolle). Nebraska. On Clado-
phora. Fisher’s Lake, Glen Rock. (Bessey, Pound and Clements).

288. Inactis simmonsiae (Collins) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 356. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 707.
1900, (Schizothrix simmonsiae Collins). Collins. New
Species, etc., issued in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Rhodora.
8: 105. 1906.

Plants living in salt water; plant mass forming a brownish tufted
coating on various algae (showing reddish brown when moistened, pinkish
under the microscope); tufts 1-2 cm. long; sheaths thin, distinct; trichomes
3-6 mic. in diameter, much constricted at joints, usually single within the
sheath, but often several in basal portion, sometimes irregularly swollen

150 Minnesota Algae

and distorted as if doubling up in the sheath; cells .6-2 mic. in length; cell
contents pale green.

Rhode Island. On algae in high rock pool. Easton’s Point, Newport.
December 1897. (Simmons).

289. Inactis mexicana (Goment) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 356. 1907. Go-
mont. Monogr. Oscill. 42. 1893. (Schizothrix mexicana

Gom.).
Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901.

Plant mass continuous, soft, attached to submerged plants; filaments
very long, flaccid, floating in free tufts, with penicillate apices, twisted,
entangled, unbranched in lower portions, fasciculately branched, above;
false branches somewhat appressed; sheaths very thin, papery, not lamel-
lose, somewhat roughened in outline; trichomes 6 mic. in diameter, con-
stricted at joints, in basal part of filament numerous within the sheath,
densely crowded, often twisted into a cord, in the branches few or solitary;
apical cell scarcely tapering, rotund; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse
walls commonly inconspicuous; cell contents showing scattered protoplas-
mic granules, pale violet (in dried specimens). :

Mexico, In Guatulco River. (Gomont). West Indies. On rock in
“Wag Water,” Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

290. Inactis hawaiensis (Lemmermann) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 357. 1907.
Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 620. pl. 8. f.
Ig. 1905. (Schizothrix havaiensis Lemm,).

Plate VI. fig. 18.

Filaments 8-38 mic. in diameter, solitary, growing in gelatinous mass
formed by other algae; false branches present; sheaths colorless, lamellose.
with pointed apices; trichomes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, not constricted at
joints, parallel or flexuous, one to four within the sheath; cells 5-6 mic. in
length; transverse walls not granulated, almost invisible; cell contents filled
with vacuoles, pale blue-green.

Hawaii. With other algae in hot water. Volcano Mauna Kea, Island
of Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

Genus SCHIZOTHRIX Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 230. 1843.

Plants living on moist earth or in water, or in inundated places, rarely
entirely aquatic; filaments forming erect or prostrate, Symploca-like fas-
cicles or a pannose stratum, rarely floating free; sheaths in the beginning
colorless, finally becoming yellowish brown, purplish pink or bluish.

I Cells somewhat quadrate or shorter than the diameter.

1 Plant mass thin, encrusted, often widely expanded or in tangled
tufts among other algae; sheaths colorless, very transparent;
trichomes I-1.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells some-
what quadrate S. hyalina

Myxophyceae 151

2 Plant mass caespitose or appressed, semiorbicular; sheaths very
thick, lamellose; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, usually solitary
within the sheath S. thelephoroides

3 Plant mass indefinite, sheaths purple, orange or rose-colored; trich-
omes 6-8 mic. in diameter, many within the sheath

S. purpurascens

4 Plant mass indefinite, woolly, lead-colored; sheaths very thick,
lamellose; trichomes 7.5-8.5 mic. in diameter S. chalybea

5 Plant mass not caespitose; sheaths yellowish orange; trichomes 7-13
mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or twice as short as
the diameter S. muelleri

II Cells longer than the diameter

1 Filaments very long; sheaths dark lead-colored, irregular in out-
line; trichomes 1.7 mic. in diameter S. braunii
2 Filaments forming a loose, cobwebby mass within sandstone rock;
sheaths cylindrical, rough, usually colorless and not lamellose,
sometimes brownish and lamellose; trichomes 3.5-4.8 mic. in
diameter; cells quadrate or a little longer than the diameter
S. rupicola

291. Schizothrix hyalina Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 320. 1849. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 360. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 307. pl. 203. f. 3, 4. 1887. (Microco-
leus hyalinus (Kg.) Kirchn.). Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island.
115. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889.

Plant mass thin, encrusted, often widely expanded or in tangled tufts
among other algae, blue-green or green; filaments 8 mic, in diameter;
sheaths colorless, very transparent; trichomes I-1.5 mic. in diameter, con-
stricted at joints, very slender, curved and entangled, few within the
sheath; apex of trichome awl-shaped, pointed; cells somewhat quadrate;
cell contents pale green.

Rhode Island. Davisville. (Bennett). New Jersey. In ponds on
Sphagnum. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Wet rocks. (Wolle). South
Carolina. Wet ground, (Wolle).

292. Schizothrix thelephoroides (Montagne) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 57.
pl. 10. f. 1-4. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 359. 1907.

Moebius, Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-

Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 247. pl. 9. f. 7. 1888.
Plate VI. fig. 19.

Plant mass pannose, caespitose or appressed, semiorbicular, rust-
colored; filaments .5 cm. in height, divided and branched into appressed,
somewhat dichotomous divisions, forming more or less spirally twisted
tufts; sheaths firm, very thick, lamellose, the inner layers rust-colored,
the outer ones colorless, very frequently dilated below the pointed apex,
slightly roughened on the surface, transversely wrinkled; trichomes 4-9
mic. in diameter, usually solitary sometimes two within the sheath, parallel,

152 Minnesota Algae

rcmote, evidently constricted at the joints; apical cell scarcely tapering,
rotund; cells in lower portion of trichome up to double the diameter in
length, in the upper portion somewhat quadrate, 6-14 mic. in length; cell
contents coarsely granular, blue-green.

West Indies. Wet rocks. Summit of Mount Junque, Sierra de Luquillo,
Porto Rico, (Sintenis).

293. Schizothrix purpurascens (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 58.
pl. 9. £. 6-8. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 361. 1907.

Plate VI. fig. 20, 21.

Plant mass indefinite, expanded, dark violet; filaments moderately
long, somewhat dichotomously divided and branched into more or less
divaricate portions, in lower portions entangled, in upper parts forming
somewhat parallel and twisted creeping tufts; sheaths purple, orange or
rose-colored, transparent at the apex, firm, solid, very thick and especially
lamellose, irregular and roughened in outline, with pointed apex; trich-
omes 6-8 mic. in diameter, usually constricted at the joints, numerous
within the sheath, somewhat remote and parallel; apical cell conical, often
sharply pointed; cells 3-8 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular
(except in apical cell).

Var. cruenta (Lespinasse) Gomont. 1. c. 59. De Toni. 1. c. 362.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 504. 1898.
Collins. Notes on Algae.—I. Rhodora. 1: 10. 1899.

Sheaths purplish pink or peach-colored; trichomes usually constricted
at joints.

Massachusetts. On moist ground near Winchester Reservoir, Middle-
sex Fells. August, September 1898. (Collins). South Carolina, (Raven-
el).

204. Schizothrix chalybea (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 57. pl. 9.
f. 3-5. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 359. 1907.

Plate VI. fig. 22.

Plant mass indefinite, woolly, lead-colored; filaments moderately long,
branched, waving, loosely coalesced in erect tufts 2 mm. long; false
branches somewhat dichotomous, appressed; sheaths very thick, lamellose,
the inner layers pale lead-colored, the outer ones transparent, firm, cylin-
drical, smooth or a little roughened on the outside; trichomes 7.5-8.5 mic.
in diameter, very much constricted at joints; few and parallel within
the sheath, or often solitary; apical cell up to 11 mic. in length, obtuse
cr acute conical; cells 3-8 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular
(except in apical cell), dark green in color.

Mexico. On mossy ground, near the Volcano of Orizaba. (Mueller).

295. Schizothrix muelleri Naegeli in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 320. 1849.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 59. pl. 10. f. 5-7. 1893. De Toni. Syll.

Algar. 5: 362. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.

Myxophyceae 153

(Hydrocoleum versicolor Rabenh.). Farlow. Notes on the
Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883.
(Microcoleus versicolor Thur.). Collins. Algae of Middle-
sex County. 15: 1888. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. I. no. 7. 1895. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex
Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan
Fark Commission, Massachusetts. 126. 1896. Setchell. Notes on Cyano-
phyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 45. 1899. Collins. The Algae of the Flume.
Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.

Plate VI. fig. 23.

Filaments long, moderately flexuous, divided and branched into ap-
pressed portions, woven into an indefinite, expanded, dark or blackish
green mass, or forming decumbent tufts attached to mosses, or floating
free; sheaths yellowish orange, firm or somewhat diffluent, irregular in
outline, with pointed apex, trichomes 7-13 mic. in diameter, slightly con-
stricted at joints, solitary or few within the sheath; apical cell obtuse
conical; cells 4-9 mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.

New Hampshire. Mt. Tumble-Down Dick. (Farlow). In thin black
sheets on wall of the “Flume.” (Collins). Massachusetts. Forming a
black coating on wet rocks. Middlesex Fells; on perpendicular cliffs, form-
ing sheets of considerable size, Saugus, April 1890, 1893. (Collins). Con-
necticut, Mount Carmel. (Setchell). California. Along the banks of a
small stream on Howell Mt., near St. Helena, Napa County. February 1806.

296. Schizothrix braunii Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 63. pl. 11. f. 9-13. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 365. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 189. 1903.

Plate VI. fig. 24.

Plant mass crustaceous-floccose, adhering to paper when dried, black-
ish; filaments very long, densely tangled and twisted into cords, moderate-
ly branched; sheaths dark lead-colored, firm, slightly irregular in outline,
not fringed, with very gradually tapering apex; trichomes 1.7 mic. in diame-
ter, constricted at joints, few within the sheath, often solitary, distant,
parallel; apical cell tapering, obtuse; cells 2-5 mic. in length; transverse
walls granulated; cell contents pale blue-green.

Alaska. On dripping rocks. Near Iliuliuk. (Setchell and Lawson).
Orca. (Jepson). “Most of the sheaths are colorless, but some are of the
characteristic blue-black color of this species.”—Setchell and Gardner.

297. Schizothrix rupicola Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 175.
1896; Some New Species of Minnesota Algae which live in a Cal-
careous or Silicious Matrix. Bot. Gaz. 23: 103. pl. 9. f. 9. 18907;
List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and
1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 28. 18098.

Plate VI. fig. 25.

Filaments 9.6-16 mic. in diameter, forming a loose, cobwebby mass

154 Minnesota Algae

within sandstone rock, as far at least as 10-15 mm. from surface; sheaths
cylindrical, rough, usually colorless and not lamellose, but sometimes
brownish and lamellose; trichomes 3.5-4.8 mic. in diameter, not constricted
at the joints, one to many in a sheath; apical cell truncate conical; cells
5-8 mic. in length; transverse walls usually invisible.

Minnesota. In bare and dry sandstone cliffs. Soldiers’ Home, Minne-
haha Falls. September 1896. (Hall).

‘Genus DASYGLOEA Thwaites. Eng. Bot. pl. 2941. 1848.

Sheaths very wide, colorless or yellowish brown; trichomes very few
within the sheath, very loosely aggregated; apex of trichome straight, not
capitate; cells often longer than the diameter.

298. Dasygloea amorpha Berkeley in English Botany. pl. 2941. 1848. Go-
mont. Monogr. Oscill. 84. pl. 13. f. 11, 12. 1893. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 368. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877;
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 304. pl. 204. f. 1-9. 1887. (Microcoleus
amorpha (Thwaites) Wolle).

Plate VI. fig. 26.

Plant mass amorphous, gelatinous; filaments twisted, entangled, divid-
ed into fringes at the apex; sheaths transparent throughout, or dull yel-
low within, very irregular in outline, mucous, sometimes somewhat lamel-
Icse; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apex of trichome
sometimes very gradually tapered; apical cell truncate conical; cells 4-13
mic. in length; cell contents coarsely granular.

Pennsylvania. Forming a thin olive or dark blue-green membrane,
skin-like, on trickling rocks in mountain ravine. Glen Onoko. (Wolle).

Genus MICROCOLEUS Desmaziéres.
Cat. des Plantes omises dans la Botanographie Belgique. 7. 1823.

Plants living on soil, in fresh water or sometimes in salt water; fila-
ments simple or vaguely branched, creeping on the ground, sometimes
growing among other algae; sheaths colorless, more or less regularly
cylindrical, not lamellose, in many species finally diffluent; trichomes
many within the sheath in well developed filaments, closely crowded,
often twisted into rope-like bundles; apex of trichome straight, tapering;
apical cell acute, rarely obtuse conical, in one species capitate.

I Plants living in salt water; apical cell not capitate, pointed.

1 Trichomes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints
M. tenerrimus

2 Trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints
M. chthonoplastes

II Plants living on soil; apical cell capitate. M. vaginatus

Myxophyceae 153

ITI Plants living in fresh water; apical cell not capitate

1 Sheaths mucous, diffluent; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, especially
constricted at joints M. lacustris

2 Sheaths somewhat mucous, not or scarcely diffluent; trichomes 5-7
mic, in diameter, not constricted at joints M. paludosus
3 Plant mass large, cushion-like; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter
M. pulvinatus
4 Sheaths very mucous and agglutinated; trichomes 6-10 mic. in
diameter, especially constricted at joints M. subtorulosus

299. Microcoleus tenerrimus Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 93. pl. 14. £ 9-11.
1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 373. 1907.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 30. 186s. Mazé
and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 20. 1870-1877. (M. oliogo-
thrix Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West
Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1880. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 706. 1900. Collins. The Algae of
Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901; Notes on Algae.—VI.
Rhodora. 5: 233. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 188. 1903.

Plate VI. fig. 27.

Filaments simple or slightly branched, densely entangled in a gray
or blue-green mass, or mixed with various algae; sheaths wide, irregular
in outline, pointed or open at the apex, sometimes entirely diffluent; trich-
omes 1.5-2 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at the joints, long,
flexuous, usually loosely aggregated, more or less numerous within the
sheath; apex of trichome often gradually tapering; apical cell not capi-
tate, very acute conical; cells 2.2-6 mic. in length; transverse walls pellu-
cid, sometimes granulated.

Maine. In rather small quantity. At Southwest Harbor, Mount Desert

Island. (Holden). Louisiana. Forming a blue-green coating on an old
wooden pier, Lake Pontchartrain. November 1808. (Saunders). Wash-
ington. In a salt marsh. Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies.

Brackish water. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). In company with M. chthonoplas-
tes. March 1893. (Humphrey).

300. Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Flora danica) Thuret. Essai Class. Nos-
tochinées. Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 378. 1875. Gomont. Monogr.

Oscill. o1. pl. 14. f. 5-8. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 371. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 7: 44. 1880. (M.
gracilis Hass.). Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 33. pl. 2.
f. 3. 1881. Pike, Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13:
105. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 306. pl. 203. f. 10, 11, 1887.
(M. gracilis Hass, M. anguiformis Harv). Bennett. Plants of
Rhode Island. 115. 1888. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888;
Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888.
Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters
of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: go. 18809. Wolle and Martin-

156 Minnesota Algae

dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol.
Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the
West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (Chthonoblastus
lyngbei Kg.). Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern
University. Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Collins. Algae. Rand and
Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island. Maine. 247. 1894. Collins, Hol-
den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 153. 1806. Collins, Pre-
liminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine Algae. Rhodora 2: 42.
1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of
the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. Igol. Collins, The Algae of
Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 19. no. 906. 1902. Collins. Notes on
Algae. VI. Rhodora. 5: 233. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 188. 1903. Snow. The
Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U.S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.
Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223.
1905. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 635. 1900.

Plate VI. fig. 28.

Filaments twisted, rarely branched, forming a dull or dark green, pan-
nose, broadly expanded, compact, stratified mass, made up of layers of
different colors, or growing sparsely among other algae; sheaths cylindrical,
more or less unequal and roughened in outline, with apex usually open,
sometimes entirely diffluent; trichomes 2.5-6 mic. in diameter, constricted
at joints, short, somewhat straight, many within the sheath, usually dense-
ly aggregated into bundles, rarely twisted into cords; apex of trichome
tapering; apical cell not capitate, acute conical; cells 3.6-10 mic. in length;
transverse walls not granulated.

Canada. Mixed with other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island.
(Faull). Maine. Very common in lagoon. Little Cranberry Isle. (Col-
lins). Shore west of Bracy Cove. (Holden). New Hampshire. (Col-
lins). Massachusetts. Mixed with other algae, common along the New
England coast. Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). Salt marshes. (Collins). Growing
on sand between tide marks, salt marsh. Wood’s Hole. July 1895. (Oster-
hout). Rhode Island. Geneva. (Bennett). Connecticut. Forming a
thick coating on turf near high water mark. Seaside Park; in sheets on
sandy bottom between tide marks, Cook’s Point, September, October.
(Holden). New York. Shores of Long Island, Fort Hamilton, Green-
port. Summer. (Pike). New Jersey. In brackish pools. Atlantic City.
(Morse, Martindale). On moist earth. (Wolle). Texas. 1902. (Fanning).
Ohio, Plankton. Put-in-Bay, Lake Erie. (Snow). Illinois. Running
water. Big Woods, Cook County. April. (Johnson and Atwell). Dakota.
(Hobby). Washington. Growing on the mud in a salt marsh. Pen’s
Cove, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. In turfs of algae. St.
Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Cuba. (R. de la Sagra).

301. Microcoleus vaginatus (Vaucher) Gomont. Essai Class. Nostocacées
homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 353. 1890; Monogr. Oscill.
93. pl. 14. f. 12. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 374. 1907.

Myxophyceae 157

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (M.
terrestris Desmaz.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 305. pl. 203. f. 7-9; pl.
205. f. 16, 17. 1887. Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 15. 1888. Ben-
nett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 188. Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:
609. 1889. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 20. pl.
2. £, 21. 1894; The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad.
Sci. 3: 397. 1901. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts
Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America,
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 189. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am, Fasc. 21. no. I0II. 1903. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of
Iowa. Proc. Iowa. Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.

Plate VI. fig. 29.

Filaments creeping, rarely entangled and twisted, sometimes branched;
forming a black, glistening sheet; sheaths cylindrical, more or less un-
equal in outline, agglutinated, pointed and closed at the apex, or open and
gradually disappearing, at times entirely diffluent; trichomes 3.5-7 mic. in
diameter, not constricted at joints, many within the sheath, closely crowded,
usually twisted into cords, the portion extruding from the sheath straight;
apex of trichome gradually tapering and capitate; outer membrane of apical
cell thickened into a depressed conical calyptra; cells 3-7 mic. in length;
transverse walls frequently granulated.

Alaska. Forming, with other algae, a thin coating on damp ground,
recently covered by snow. Glacier Bay. (Saunders). Massachusetts.
Newton. (Farlow). Melrose. (Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Ben-
nett). New Jersey. On moist earth. (Wolle). Iowa. Damp ground.
Grinnell. (Fink). On flower pots in greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan). Ne-
braska. On damp earth in greenhouses. University. (Saunders). Wash-
ington. La Conner, Skagit County. (Gardner). California. In a gutter.
Berkeley. February 1902. (Gardner). West Indies. On moist rock. Rio
Cobre, Bog Walk, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

302. Microcoleus lacustris (Rabenhorst) Farlow in Farlow, Anderson and
Eaton. Algae. Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 227. 1877. Gomont. Monogr.
Oscill. 97. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 376. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 307. 1897.
SetcheH. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 52. 1899. Riddle.
Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905.

Filaments simple or vaguely branched, forked at the apex, twisted
and entangled forming a black or blue-green layer; sheaths somewhat thin,
mucous and agglutinated, sometimes diffluent, often gradually disappear-
ing at the apex; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at
joints, somewhat parallel, the portion extruding from the sheath very
straight; apical cell more or less obtuse conical, not capitate; cells 6-12
mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents showing scat-
tered coarse granules, pale blue-green.

Massachusetts, Newton. (Farlow). Connecticut. In tangled felty
strata and disseminated among Scytonema crispum, in pool. North

158 Minnesota Algae

Haven. November 1896. (Holden). Pennsylvania. “Distributed by Wolle
under name of Phormidium congestum * * * probably col-
lected in Pennsylvania.”—Setchell. Ohio. Brush Lake, Champaign Coun-
ty. (Riddle).

303. Microcoleus paludosus (Kuetzing) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 96. pl. 14.
f. 13. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 376. 1907.

Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 53. 1899. Bessey,
Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot.
Surv. Nebraska. 5: 13. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fase. 17. no. 802. 1901. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc.
T. no. 634. 1909.

Plate VI. fig. 30.

Filaments entangled, twisted, simple or forked at the apex, growing
among other algae or forming a blackish or blue-green stratum; sheaths
moderately mucous, open and disappearing at the apex or closed and
pointed; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints, parallel,
straight, or twisted into cords; apical cell not capitate; cells 4-13 mic. in
length; transverse walls not granulated; cell contents light blue-green.

Rhode Island. (Osterhout). Nebraska. On wet soil in greenhouse.
Lincoln. (Bessey). California. In southern part of the state. (Parish).
In conservatory. Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. September 1900. (Gard-
ner). In greenhouses. University of California, Berkeley, (Setchell). Ha-
waii, With other algae forming a layer covering rocks on bottom and sides
of basin of “warm spring.” Temperature at 7 a. m. 31+° C. Puna, Island
of Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

304. Microcoleus pulvinatus Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 305. pl. 204.
f. 10-14. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 379. 1907.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 609. 1889.

Plate VI. fig. 31.

Plant mass large, cushion-like, often 1.5 dm. in diameter, about 5 cm.
in thickness, somewhat hollow in the center, dark olive brown, gelatinous-
membranaceous; filaments 12-30 mic. in diameter; trichomes 5-6 mic. in
diameter, one, two or three in a sheath.

New Jersey. “The thalli, of all possible sizes from one to ten ingles
in diameter, are attached to stones and grasses, looking like boulders in th:
bottom of a mill race with rapidly running water.” Bamber. (Wolle).

305. Microcoleus subtorulosus (Kuetzing) Gomont. Essai Class. Nosto-
cacées homocystées. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 4: 352. 1890; Monogr.
Oscill. 98. pl. 14. f. 14, 15. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 378. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Ph.
subtorulosum Bréb.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 300. pl. 202. f. 3, 4
1887. (Lyngbya subtorulosa (Bréb.) Wolle). Buchanan. Notes
on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 13. 1908.

Myxophyceae 159

Plate VI. fig. 32.

Plant mass lead-colored, spreading over aquatic plants and damp soil;
filaments somewhat amorphous, fragile; sheaths very mucous, agglutinated;
trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter, especially constricted at joints, usually
numerous within the sheath, parallel, straight; apex of trichome very
gradually tapering; apical cell conical or cylindrical conical, not capitate;
cells 5-10 mic. in length; cell contents showing scattered protoplasmic
granules.

Florida. Moist ground. (Smith). Iowa. (Hobby).

Genus CATAGNYMENE Lemmermann.
Planktonalg. Ergebn. einer Reise n. d. Pacific. 354. 1899.

Filaments multicellular, floating free, surrounded by thin, close sheaths,
enclosed in widely expanded, gelatinous diffluent envelopes, separating
easily into fragments through the death of cells.

I Gelatinous envelope 93-100 mic. in diameter; trichomes up to 16 mic
in diameter, straight or curved. C. pelagica

II Gelatinous envelope 150-168 mic. in diameter; trichomes 20-22 mic. in
diameter, spirally coiled C. spiralis

306. Catagnymene pelagica Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergebnisse einer
Reise nach dem Pacific. Abhandl. d. naturw. Verein in Bremen.
16: 354. pl. 3. f£. 38-40, 42. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 619. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 381. 1907.

Outer envelope 93-100 mic. in diameter, gelatinous, colorless; trich-
omes up to 16 mic. in diameter, straight or curved; apical cell rotund or
possessing a calyptra; cells very short, 3-4 mic. in length.

Hawaii. In plankton, between the islands of Laysan and Hawaii. 1896-
97. (Schauinsland).

Var. major Wille. Die Schizophyceen der Plankton-Expedition. 51. pl.
1. f. 7. 1904. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 382. 1907.

Plate VI. fig. 33.

Gelatinous envelope 100-165 mic. in diameter; trichomes 21-27 mic. in
diameter.

Bermudas. Plankton. Atlantic Ocean. (Wille).

307. Catagnymene spiralis Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergebnisse einer
Reise nach dem Pacific. Abhandl. d. naturw. Verein in Bremen. 354.
pl. 3. f. 41, 47-49. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34:
619. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 382. 1907.

Outer envelope 150-168 mic. in diameter, gelatinous, colorless; trich-
omes 20-22 mic. in diameter, spirally coiled; apical cell rotund; cells 3-4
mic. in fength.

Hawaii. In plankton, between the islands of Laysan and Hawaii. 1896-97.
(Schauinsland).

160 Minnesota Algae

According to Wille, Oscillatoria capitata West should be
made a variety of this species:

Var. capitata Wille. Die Schizophyceen der Plankton-Expedition. 52,
pl. 1. £. 8, 9. 1904.

Plate VI. fig. 34.

Filaments irregularly wound or twisted within an oval gelatinous en-
velope; trichomes 10-14 mic. in diameter.

West Indies. Lat. 23° 44’ N.; long. 45° 30’ W. (Murray and Black-
man).

Genus HALIARACHNE Lemmermann.
Planktonalg. Ergebn. einer Reise n. d. Pacific. 353. 1899.

Filaments multicellular, floating free, in somewhat globose or elon-
gate, gelatinous colonies, arranged in two layers, radiating from the cen-
ter, hooked at the apex; reproduction by division of the colony.

308. Haliarachne lenticularis Lemmermann. Planktonalgen. Ergebnisse
einer Reise nach dem Pacific. Abhandl. d. naturw. Verein in Brem-
en. 353. pl. 2. f. 22-24. 1899; Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb.
34: 619. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 385. 1907.

Colony lenticular, 450-700 mic. in diameter; apical cell possessing a
calyptra; cells about 8 mic. in diameter, 4-7 mic. in length; cell contents
showing gas vacuoles.

Hawaii. In plankton, between the islands of Lay’san and Hawaii. 1896-
97. (Schauinsland).

Family TI. NOSTOCACEAE

Sheaths forming a more or less distinct mucous, gelatinous or mem-
branaceous tegument, mostly confluent, often not present; trichomes con-
sisting of a single row of uniform cells, with heterocysts, usually twisting
and entangled, not branched, showing no differentiation of base and apex,
reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and gonidia.

I. Sheaths inconspicuous, or mucous and diffluent, or gelatinous, firm and
thick
1 Trichomes flexuous and contorted, forming a plant mass or colony
of definite shape

(1) Colony usually of a rounded or expanded character, gelati-
nous, made up of dissolved individual sheaths, attached to the
substratum or floating free in water; heterocysts intercalary

Nostoc

(2) Colony tubular, cylindrical; filaments somewhat straight, parallel,
agglutinated Wollea i.
2 Trichomes more or less straight, free, or forming a thin mucous
layer of indefinite shape

Myxophyceae 161

(1) Heterocysts and gonidia intercalary
A Trichomes free; cells disc-shaped; shorter than their diameter;
gonidia seriate, remote from the heterocysts
Nodularia
B Trichomes naked, or with a thin mucous sheath, free or ag-
gregated without order to form a flocculent mass; cells equal
to or longer than their diameter; gonidia solitary, in pairs
or in short series Anabaena
C Trichomes short, aggregated in parallel bundles to form thin,
feathery, plate-like masses Aphanizomenon
(2) Heterocysts terminal and the’ gonidia always contiguous to them
Cylindrospermum

II Sheaths thin, membranaceous, persistent; filaments free or agglutinated
in a parallel manner
1 Sheaths not present; trichomes single, endophytic; heterocysts termi-
nal Richelia
2 Trichomes single within the sheath; heterocysts intercalary
Aulosira
3 Trichomes single within the sheath; heterocysts intercalary and
terminal Microchaete

_4 Trichomes usually many within the sheath, forming a membranaceous
or filamentous mass Hormothamnion

Genus NOSTOC Vaucher. Hist. Conferves. 203. 1803.

Plant mass or colony at first globose or oblong, afterwards assuming
various forms (globose, foliose, filiform, bullose) in the different species,
solid or hollow, mucous, gelatinous or leathery, made up of tangled trich-
omes and their more or less dissolved sheaths; filaments flexuous, curved,
entangled, coalesced; sheaths sometimes distinct, sometimes invisible;
trichomes often torulose; cells depressed spherical, barrel-shaped or cylin-
drical; heterocysts intercalary and (in younger plants) terminal; gonidia
spherical or oblong, developed centrifugally in series between the hetero-
cysts.

I Plants living in fresh water; forming minute, disc-shaped specks or
patches on aquatic plants; plant mass growing at the periphery;
filaments closely contorted. N. cuticulare

II Plants living in fresh water, microscopic, granular, aggregated, hav-
ing the appearance of Aphanocapsa; filaments very closely en-
tangled; trichomes scarcely distinct. N. punctiforme

JII Plants living in fresh water, very minute; trichomes 2-3.5 mic. in
diameter, distinct.
i Plant mass very minute, punctiform; filaments loosely flexuous;
trichomes 3-3.5 mic. in diameter; gonidia about 4 mic. in diameter,
6-8 mic. in length, oblong N. paludosum

162 Minnesota Algae

2 Plant mass small, adherent, somewhat globose; orange or green;
trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, very.short, strongly curved
N. aureum
3 Plant mass small, gelatinous, membranaceous, soft, green, blue-green
or brownish; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, flexuously curved,
somewhat densely entangled N. comminutum
IV Plants living in fresh water; plant mass large, gelatinous, fragile,
at first spherical, afterwards becoming torn and irregularly ex-
panded.
1 Filaments numerous, abruptly contorted, entangled; trichomes 3.5-4
mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length
N. linckia
2 Filaments flexuous, loosely entangled
(1) Gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, spherical; wall of gonidium smooth;
trichomes 4 mic. in diameter N. piscinale
(2) Gonidia oblong; wall of gonidium smooth
A Trichomes 4-4.2 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter,
7-10 mic. in length, contiguous; wall of gonidium becoming
brownish or colorless N. rivulare
B_ Trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 8-10
mic. in length, not contiguous; wall of gonidium colorless
N. carneum
C Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; cells different in shape, some
cylindrical, others barrel-shaped or spherical depressed; gonidia
6-7 mic. in diameter, 10-12 mic. in length, not contiguous; wall
of gonidium colorless or becoming yellowish
N. spongiaeforme
V_ Plants living on soil; colonies gelatinous, soft, at first spherical, soon
confluent and flattened, attached to soil or mosses
1 Cells cylindrical; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-8 mic. in
diameter
(1) Gonidia 14-19 mic. in length; wall of gonidium smooth
N. ellipsosporum
(2) Gonidia 8-14 mic. in length; wall of gonidium furnished with
short spines N. gelatinosum
2 Cells oval, spherical or spherical depressed
(1) Trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 4-8 mic. in diameter,
8-12 mic. in length, oblong, in a catenate series
N. muscorum
(2) Trichomes 2.2-3 mic. in diameter; gonidia 4 mic. in diameter, 6
mic. in length, oval N. humifusuin
VI Plants living on soil, sometimes submerged; colonies free, at first
spherical, then expanding symmetrically or irregularly; cells
somewhat globose.
1 Colonies gelatinous, spongy, lacunose, somewhat pellucid, green, olive
or brownish; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; gonidia 7 mic. in diame-

Myxophyceae 163

ter, 7-Io mic. in length, often oval; wall of gonidium smooth,
colorless N. foliaceum
2 Colonies expanded, irregular or orbicular, very thin, small, mem-
branaceous, pellucid, blue-green; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter
N. punctatum
3 Colonies at first spherical, afterwards becoming flattened and finally
spreading out into irregular, membranaceous sheets; surrounded by
a firm outer layer; trichomes 4-5.6 mic. in diameter
N. commune

4 Colonies free, spherical, becoming irregularly plicate-tuberculate,
thick, solid, surrounded by a firm outer layer; trichomes 4-5 mic. in
diameter; gonidia 5 mic. in diameter, 7 mic. in length, oval; wall
of gonidium thick, smooth, becoming brownish

N. sphaericum

5 Colonies spherical, finally becoming flattened, membranaceous; trich-
omes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter N. minutum

6 Plants living in hot water; colonies indefinitely expanded, laciniate;
filaments 2 mic. (?) in diameter N. calidarium

7 Colonies somewhat spherical, small, very hard, sometimes soft, with
surface often corrugated; trichomes 6.5-8.2 mic. in diameter

N. austinii
VII Plants living on soil or in fresh water; colonies spherical, surrounded
by a firm outer layer.

1 Plants living on soil

(1) Colonies small; trichomes 8-9 mic. in diameter; gonidia some-
what spherical, two or three times larger than the cells; wall
of gonidium thin, very smooth N. macrosporum

(2) Colonies spherical or oblong, rarely beyond 1 cm. in diameter,
somewhat pellucid; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-7
mic. in diameter, 9-15 mic. in length, oval N. microscopicum

(3) Colonies small or of medium size, spherical; trichomes 4-7 mic.
in diameter; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, exactly spherical;
wall of gonidium somewhat thick, rough N. sphaeroides

2 Plants living in fresh water

(1) Colonies irregularly somewhat orbicular, gregarious and some-
times aggregated; trichomes 5 mic. in diameter

N. depressum

(2) Colonies spherical, usually aggregated in grape-like clusters; trich-
omes 3.5-4 mic, in diameter N. glomeratum

(3) Colonies gregarious, pellucid, sky blue or blue-green; trichomes
5-7 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped N. caeruleum

(4) Colonies spherical, surrounded by a leathery outer layer; trich-
omes 4-6 mic. in diameter N. pruniforme

VIII Plants living in fresh water, attached; colonies somewhat spherical,
bullate, rarely disc-shaped, surrounded by a firm outer layer; trich-
omes slender.

164 Minnesota Algae

1. Trichomes 3-3.5 mic. in diameter, especially cylindrical; gonidia 5
mic, in diameter, 7 mic. in length; wall of gonidium smooth
N. verrucosum
2 Trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, distinctly torulose; gonidia 3-4 mic.
in diameter, 5-6 mic. in length; wall of gonidium smooth, brown
N. amplissimum

3 Filaments radiating from the center, flexuous, very densely twisted
and entangled near the surface; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter;
gonidia 4-5 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, oval; wall of go-
nidium smooth, yellowish N. parmelioides

309. Nostoc cuticulare (Brébisson) Bornet and Flahault. Revision des
Nostocacées hétérocystées contenues dans des principaux herbiers
de France. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 187. 1888. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 387. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 308. 1897.

Plant mass flattened, adnate, forming thin, orbicular, confluent, dark
blue-green patches; filaments closely entangled, here and there formirg
denser clusters; sheaths more or less distinct, wide, gelatinous, trans-
parent; trichomes 3.8-4 mic. in diameter, torulose; cells barrel-shaped, equal
ta or a little longer than the diameter; heterocysts barrel-shaped, equal to
or a little larger than the cells; cell contents blue-green.

New York. On leaves of Potamogeton. Ithaca. (Atkinson).

310. Nostoc punctiforme (Kuetzing) Hariot. Le Genre Polycoccus Kuet-
zing. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 5: 29. 1891. Reinke. Zwei parasitische
Algen. Bot. Zeit. 37: 473. pl. 6 f. 1-5. 1879. (Anabaena cy-
cadearum Reinke). Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.’ VII. 7: 189. 1888. (N. hederulae Menegh.).
Sauvageau. Sur le Nostoc punctiforme. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII.
3: 367. pl. 17. 1897. Pampaloni. Il Nostoc punctiforme nei suoi rap-
porti coi Tubercoli Radicali delle Cicadee. Nuovo Giornale Bot.
Ital. N. S. 8: 626. pl. 5. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 388. 1907.
Schneider. Mutualistic Symbiosis of Algae and Bacteria with Cycas
revoluta. Bot. Gaz. 19: 25. pl. 3, 4. 1804. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
JI. no. 171. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during
1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898. Life. The Tuber-like
Rootlets of Cycas revoluta. Bot. Gaz. 31: 265. 1901. Lemmermann. Al-
genfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on
the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12, 1908.

Plate VI. fig. 35-37.

Colonies small, somewhat globose, scattered or confluent, adnate;
filaments flexuous, very densely entangled; sheaths close, transparent, mu-
cous; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter; cells depressed spherical or elliptical;
heterocysts 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, transparent; gonidia somewhat spherical
or oblong, 5-6 mic. in diameter, 5-8 mic. in length, with thick, smooth,
outer membrane; cell contents finely granular, light olive green.

Minnesota. In roots of Cycas revoluta. University Plant House,

Myxophyceae 165

Minneapolis. December 1896. (Tilden). Iowa. In nodular thickenings on
the roots of Cycas revoluta, Greenhouse. Ames. (Buchanan).
Hawaii, “Sandwich Islands.” 1896-97. (Schauinsland).

311. Nostoc paludosum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 1. pl. 1. f. 2. 1850. Janc-
zewski. Observations sur la Reproduction de quelques Nostochi-
nées,'Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V. 19: 125. pl. 9. £. B. 1874. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 191. 1888.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 390. 1907.

Plate VI. fig. 38.

Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln.'Bot. Jahrb. 34: 621. 1905.

Plant mass very minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, punctiform,
gelatinous; filaments loosely flexuous; sheaths wide, bullose; trichomes
3-3-5 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped, equal in length to the diame-
ter; heterocysts a little larger than the vegetative cells, light-colored; go-
nidia 4-4.5 mic. in diameter, 6-8 mic. in length, oval, ‘blue-green, with a
very thin, smooth, transparent outer membrane.

Hawaii. In ditches and pools between Honolulu and‘ Waikiki, Oahu.
1896-97. (Schauinsland).

312. Nostoc aureum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 1. pl. 1. f. 4. 1850. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 391. 1907.

Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition. Journ.
Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 9. 1880.

Colonies small, adherent, somewhat globose, orange or green, soft,
somewhat elastic, mucous within; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, very
short, strongly curved, loosely entangled, sometimes nearly straight; cells
sometimes crowded, sometimes separated, often continuous, somewhat
globose or oblong, blue-green; heterocysts 3-4.5 mic. in diameter, spherical,
single and scattered or in series. :

Arctic Regions. Among mud from Floeberg, 82° 27’ N. (Moss). “It
must have been conveyed by currents from the land, or blown off shore
with dust from a dried-up pool.”’—Dickie.

313. Nostoc comminutum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 3. pl. 10. f. 2. 1850. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 393. 1908.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 282. 1887. Harvey. The Fresh-
Water Algae of Maine.—I. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 161. 1888. Britton.
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606, 1889.

Plant mass small, gelatinous-membranaceous, soft, sometimes green
or blue-green, sometimes becoming dull brownish; trichomes 3-4 mic. in
diameter, flexuously curved, somewhat densely entangled; cells spherical
or depressed spherical, strongly compressed, closely or loosely connected;
heterocysts exactly spherical, up to twice the diameter of the cells, inter-
calary, rarely terminal; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

United States. Floating in ditches and smaller ponds. (Wolle). Maine.
Abundant in a gathering made from a pool in the Penobscot at Great
Works. (Merrill). New Jersey. On pond waters, frequent. (Wolle).

166 Minnesota Algae

314. Nostoc linckia (Roth) Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algol-
ogiques. 86. pl. 18 f. 1-12, 1880. Janczewski. Observations sur la
Reproduction de quelques Nostochinées. Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot. V. 19:
127. pl. g. £. C. 1874. (N. minutissimum Jancz.). Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 192. 1888.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 391. 1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand-
vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 5. 1878. (N. intricatum
Menegh.). Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 89. 1806.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 507. 1898. Bes-
sey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot.
Surv. Nebraska. 5: I2. I9QoI. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwest-
ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 189. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl.
Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.

Plate VII. fig. 1.

Colonies of various sizes, sometimes punctiform, expanded, at first
globose, soon becoming enlarged and finally clathrate-fenestrate and ir-
regularly torn, sometimes into filiform portions, gelatinous, blue-green or
violet in color, or becoming darker; filaments numerous, abruptly twisted
and flexuous; sheaths distinct near the surface of the mass, within con-
fluent and transparent; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, pale gray-green;
cells short, depressed globose; heterocysts 5-6 mic. in diameter, somewhat
spherical; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, somewhat glo-
bose, with a smooth outer membrane becoming darker with age.

Connecticut. Occurring in Lake Saltonstall, near New Haven. (Setch-
ell). “It forms thickish sheets of a pale green color and very much crum-
pled. Occasionally some trace of its original globular shape is preserved
and it forms large imperfect bladders several inches in diameter.”—Setchell.
South Dakota. In clear running spring water. Roberts County. (Saunders).
“At first forming small, solid spherical masses, attached to stones, weeds,
etc., finally becoming detached and forming hollow, torn, warty, dark
brown masses, sometimes I0 cm. in diameter.’—Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Nebraska. In ponds. South Bend. (Bessey). Washington,
Floating, intermingled with other algae, on ponds of fresh water. Near
Coupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). Hawaii. With Conferva
sandvicensis and other algae in ponds. Paoa Valley, Oahu. 1875.
(Berggren).

315. Nostoc piscinale Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 208. 1843. Bornet and Flahault.
Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 194. 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 393. 1907.

McClatchie. Proc. Southern Calif. Acad. 1: 346. 1897. (N. rivulare).
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8 no. 355. 1897.
Richter, Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. Heft. 42. 5.
1897. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. IIIT.
1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.

Myxophyceae 167

Plate VII. fig. 2.

Colonies at first globose, light blue-green, afterwards becoming bullose
and variously tuberculate, mucous or gelatinous, dark blue-green; filaments
flexuous, moderately entangled; sheaths distinct near the surface of the
mass, dark-colored, those in the interior confluent, transparent; trichomes
4 mic. in diameter, pale olive green; cells depressed spherical or about
twice as long as the diameter; heterocysts 4-5.6 mic. in diameter, soute-
what spherical or oblong; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, globose, in a long
catenate series, approximate, with a smooth, transparent outer layer grown
together with the sheath.

Greenland. Karajak. (Richter). Canada. Pool near Bow River, Lag-
gan, Alberta. July 1901. (Butler and Polley). California. In stagnant
pool. Near Pasadena. May 1896. (McClatchie). Hawaii. In ditches and
pools between Honolulu and Waikiki, Oahu, 1896-97. (Schauinsland).

316. Nostoc rivulare Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 3. pl. 10. f. 3. 1850. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 195.
1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 395. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 189. 1903.

Colonies at first globose, of various sizes, soon becoming bullate,
tuberculate, hollow, then irregularly torn and perforated, lobed, fragile, at
first light green, when older becoming yellowish or of various colors;
filaments loosely entangled, moderately flexuous; sheaths distinct, yellow-
ish at the surface of the mass, those in the interior transparent and con-
fluent; trichomes 4-4.2 mic. in diameter; cells spherical oblong, a little
longer than the diameter; heterocysts 5-6 mic. in diameter, oblong; go-
nidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, 7-10 mic. in length, oblong or barrel-shaped,
contiguous when mature, with smooth, transparent or dark-colored outer
membrane.

Alaska. Forming floating masses of light brown jelly in springs and
pools. Near Huntville, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Washington.
Near Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner).

317. Nostoc carneum Agardh. Syst. Algar. 22. 1824. Bornet and Flahault.
Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Bot. VII. 7: 196. 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 395. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 190. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 29. no. 1403. 1907.

Plate VII. fig. 3.

Colonies globose when young, later bullose, tuberculate, hollow, after-
wards becoming irregular in form, expanded, diffluent into a gelatinous
mucus, flesh-colored, dark-colored or pale blue-green; filaments loosely
entangled, moderately flexuous; sheaths indistinct, transparent; trichomes
3.5-4 mic, in diameter; cells oblong cylindrical, about twice as long as wide;
heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, oblong; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 8-10

166 Minnesota Algae

mic. in length, oval or elliptical, separated when mature, with a smooth,
transparent thin outer membrane.

Alaska. Forming brown, floating masses of jelly on surface of streams.
Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Lawson). Connecticut. Floating in a spring,
in irregularly rounded masses, from the size of a pin head to 5 cm. in
diameter. Mount Carmel. October 1907. (Graves). Washington. Green
Lake, Seattle. (Gardner).

318. Nostoc spongiaeforme Agardh. Syst. Algar. 22. 1824. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 197. 1888.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 397. 1907.

Tilden, American Algae. Cent. I. no. 83. 1894; List of Fresh-water Algae
collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Stud. 1: 236. 1895. Rich-_
ter, Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 8: Heft. 42. A. 5.
1897. Tilden, Am. Alg. Century VI. no. 579. 1902. Collins, Holden
and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1064. 1903. Setchell and
Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 190.
1903. Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. I. no. 633. 1909.

Plate VII. fig. 4, 5.

Colonies gelatinous, at first globose, afterwards expanded, verrucose,
bullose, pale blue-green-violet, or reddish; filaments flexuous, loosely en-
tangled; sheaths in the interior confluent, those near the outside of the
mass more or less distinct, yellowish or dark-colored; trichomes about 4
mic. in diameter, blue-green or violet; cells different in shape, some cylin-
drical, up to 7 mic. in length, others barrel-shaped or depresed-spherical;
heterocysts 7-8 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose or oblong; gonidia 6-7
mic. wide, 10-12 mic. long, oblong, separated; wall of gonidium smooth,
later becoming dark-colored.

Greenland. Ikerasak. Very abundant. (Richter). Minnesota. Floating
on surface of water in tank. State Fish Hatcheries, St. Paul. September
1894; on mosses and weeds in stagnant pond and on muddy ground, Wood-
land Park, Duluth. (Tilden). Washington, Floating in a small pool of
fresh water. Edge of Green Lake, Seattle. (Gardner). California. Lake
Chabot, San Leandro, Alameda county. June 1902. (Osterhout and Gard-
ner). Hawaii. In bogs in Nuanu, Oahu. (Schauinsland).

319 A. Nostoc ellipsosporum (Desmaziéres) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:
169. 1865. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 7: 198. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 398. 1907.
Schramm and Mazé, Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865.
(Hormosiphon antillarum S. and M,). Mazé and Schramm.
Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 14. 1870-1877. (L. antillarum Crouan).
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 59. 1895.

Plate VII. fig. 6-10.

Plant mass gelatinous, expanded, adhering by under surface, irregular-
ly mammillary, reddish or dark-colored; filaments flexuous, laxly en-
tangled; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, pale blue-green or olive; cells

Myxophyceae 169

similar in form, cylindrical, 6-14 mic. in length; heterocysts somewhat
spherical or oblong, 6-7 mic. wide, 6-14 mic. long; gonidia 6-8 mic. in
diameter, 14-19 mic. long, elliptical or oblong-cylindrical; wall of gonidia
smooth, transparent or yellowish.

Michigan. Growing over grass and moss, on wet clay bank, forming
reddish-brown gelatinous masses, irregularly lobed and fusing into layers.
Ann Arbor. September 1892. (Johnson). Minnesota, On wet rocks. Min-
nehaha Falls, Minneapolis. August 1883. (Farlow). West Indies. Guade-
loupe. (Mazé).

319 B. Nostoc gelatinosum Schousboe in Bornet. Deuxiéme Note sur les
Gonidies des Lichens. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V. 19: 318. 1874. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. VII. 7: 199. 1888. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 399. 1905.

Plate VII. fig. 11.

Colonies more than a centimeter in diameter, gelatinous, irregularly ex-
panded, bullate-tuberculate, brownish; filaments flexuous, loosely entangled;
sheaths near the outside of colony distinct, those in the interior hyaline and
confluent; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; cells 5-10 mic. in length, oblong-
cylindrical; heterocysts 5 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length, elliptical;
genidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, 8-14 mic. in length, with truncate apices,
pale brownish in color; wall of gonidium furnished with minute spines.

Minnesota. With Anthoceros on bank of ditch. Near Minneapolis.
September 1904. (Hillesheim).

320. Nostoc muscorum Agardh. Dispositio. Algar. Sueciae. 44. 1812. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 200.
1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 400. 1907.

Dickie. In Hooker, J. D. An Account of the Plants collected by Dr.
Walker in Greenland and Arctic America, etc. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5:
86. 1861; Notes on a collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound
by Mr. James Taylor, etc. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 241. 1867. Farlow.
Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3:
236. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 282. pl. 107. f. 35. 1887.
Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 163. 1888. (Also N. collinum).
Anderson and Kelsey. Common and conspicuous Algae of Montana, Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora
of Nebraska. 18. 1894. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 304. 1900.
West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the
West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. VI. no. 580. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 190. 1903. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. I110. 1903. Collins. Algae of
the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora 7: 242. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1211. 1905. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa.
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 11. 1908.

170 Minnesota Algae

Plate VII. fig. 12-14.

Plant mass gelatinous-membranaceous, irregularly expanded, adhering
by under surface, tuberculose, dull olive or dark-colored; filaments flex-
uous, densely entangled; trichomes 3-4 mic. in diameter, similar, olive;
cells spherical or barrel-shaped, or cylindrical, about twice as long as broad;
heterocysts somewhat globose, 6-7 mic. in diameter; gonidia 4-8 mic. in
diameter, 8-12 mic. in length, oblong, in a catenate series, numerous; wali
of gonidium smooth, yellowish.

Arctic Regions. Fresh water. Port Kennedy. (Lat. 72° N.) (Walker).
Alaska, Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. July 1899; forming soft gelatinous lumps
and masses of various shapes, on rocks among mosses, Amaknak Cave,
Amaknak Island, Bay of Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Canada.
Cumberland Sound, Davis Strait. (Taylor). In brown bunches on sides
of rock among moss. Just above high tide. Baird Point. Minnesota Sea-
side Station, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. August 1898. (Tilden).
Newfoundland. Signal Hill, St. Johns. July 1897. (Holden). Maine, On
sand by roadside, near seashore, in company with Microcoleus vagi-
natus Harpswell. July 1904. (Collins). New Hampshire. On mosses.
Berlin Falls, near Shelburne. 1882, 1883. (Farlow). Massachusetts.
Malden swamp in Middlesex Fells, Newton. (Farlow). Minnesota. On
moist ground, among mosses and liverworts. St. Louis Park, Minneapolis.
October tgo1. (Hone). Iowa. On the stems of mosses. Fayette. 1905.
(Fink). Nebraska. On wet rocks and on the moss covering them.
(Saunders). Montana. Abundant on moss under dripping rocks. (Ander-
son and Kelsey). Washington. Moist ground just above high wate:
mark, Whidbey Island. (Gardner). West Indies. Growing on sides of
“road. Fort Charlotte, St. Vincent Island.

321. Nostoc humifusum Carmichael sec. Harvey in Hooker’s British Flora.
2: 399. 1833. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 201. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 402. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 280, 282. 1887. West and West.
On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot.
30: 269. 1895; A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the
West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 288. 1898-1900.

Plate VII. fig. 15.

Plant mass gelatinous or mucous, irregular, of various sizes, some-
times punctiform, sometimes widely expanded from the confluence of many
colonies, tuberculate, olive or brownish in color, adherent on under sur-
face; filaments twisted and flexuous, densely entangled; sheaths usually
yellowish and distinct throughout the mass, sometimes not distinct; trich-
omes 2.2-3 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat globose or twice as long as
the diameter; heterocysts 3 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia
4 mic. in diameter, 6 mic. in length, somewhat globose or oval, with smooth
and yellowish outer membrane; cell contents blue-green.

Florida, Colonies “inflated even to the size of a man’s head.” Island
of Anastatia. (Smith). West Indies. On lime-trees. Shanford Estate;
on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet), November and December

Myxophyceae 171

1892; in stream, Wotten Waven, January and February 1896, Dominica.
(Elliott).

322. Nostoc foliaceum Mougeot. Stirpes Vogeso-Rhenanae. Fasc. 14. no.
1372, 1854. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 7: 202. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 403. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 485. 1901; Collection of Algae
from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112.
1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book
of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 168. 1902.

Plate VII. fig. 16.

Plant mass gelatinous, spongy, lacunose, somewhat pellucid, green
or olive, becoming brownish; filaments flexuous, entangled, pale blue-
green; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter; cells spherical compressed; hetero-
cysts 7 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 7 mic. in diameter,
=-10 mic. in length, often oval; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless.

Hawaii. In globules among mosses and liverworts on dripping cliffs
at side of road. South of Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

323. Nostoc punctatum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 32. 1874. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 404. 1907.

Plant mass expanded, irregular or orbicular, very thin, small, mem-
branaceous, pellucid, blue-green; filaments loosely interwoven, variously
curved; cells 4 mic. in diameter, globose or often elliptical, mostly pellucid
in the center, loosely connected; heterocysts 5 mic. in diameter, terminal
or intercalary.

New Jersey. Damp Ground. September. (Austin).

324. Nostoc commune Vaucher. Histoire des Conferves d’eau douce. 222.

pl. 16. f. 1. 1803. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 203. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 404.

1907.
Harvey. Nereis Boreali Americana. Part III. 113, 114. Suppl. IT. 134.
1858. (N. verrucosum Rabenh, N. arcticum Harv.), Dickie.

Algae. Hooker. An Account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in
Greenland and Arctic America during the Expedition of Sir Francis
M’Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht “Fox.” Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861;
Notes on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr.
James Taylor, and Remarks on Arctic Species in General. Journ. Linn.
Soc. Bot. 9: 240. 1867. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 32, 37. 1874. Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic
Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. Campbell. Plants of
the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 283. pl. 197. f. 8. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode
Island, 114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of
Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1880. Wittrock
and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 890. 1890. Anderson and
Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 18: 144. 18or. Smith and Pound. Flora of the Sand Hill Region of

172 Minnesota Algae

Sheridan and Cherry Counties. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 30. 1893. Saunders.
Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 17. 1894. Nelson. The
Cryptogams of Wyoming. Wyoming Experiment Station. Tenth Ann, Re-
port. 5. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9. no.
403. 1898. Trelease and Saunders, Plants of Yakutat Bay. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. no. 502. 1899. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc.
Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. I90I. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3. 397. 1901. Tilden. Ameri-
can Algae. Cent. V. no. 486. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian
Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Cent. VI. no.
581. 1902; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year
Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 169. 1902. Setchell and Gard-
ner. Algae of Northwestern America, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 190. 1903.
Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236.
1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1210.
1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.
Brown. Algal Periodicity in Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Cluh 35: 247. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 14: 11. 1908. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 31. no. 1504. 1908.

Plate VIII. fig. 1.

Plant mass gelatinous, firm, in the beginning spherical, afterwards
becoming flattened, finally spreading out into undulating, folded, fleshy
or membranaceous, entire or torn, often perforated sheets, leathery on the
surface, blue-green, olive or brown in color; filaments flexuous, entangled;
sheaths usually brownish near the. surface of the mass, in the interior
more or less distinct, often colorless; trichomes 4.5-6 mic. in diameter;
cells depressed spherical or barrel-shaped; heterocysts 7 mic. in diameter,
somewhat splierical, often up to three or five in number; gonidia not known.

Arctic Regions, In several localities and in various stages. From sea
level up to 1000 feet. Prevoost Island; shores of Hayes Sound; Floeberg
Beach; Egerton Valley. (Dickie), On naked soil in boggy ground. Assist-
ance Bay, Lat. 75° 40’ N. (Sutherland). Beechey Island. (Lyall). Fresh
water. Port Kennedy. (Walker). Alaska. Forming thin leathery thalli
of indefinite size and shape, on damp ground. Near Glacier Bay. (Saunders).
Hidden Glacier, Yakutat Bay. June 1899. (Trelease). Assuming various
shapes, from discoid thalli to flat expansions of considerable extent, on
soil or on rocks. St. Michael. (Setchell). Iiuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and

Lawson). Greenland. On stones in fresh water stream and pools of
fresh water. Disko Island. (Lyall). Canada. Various parts of the shores
of the Gulf, Cumberland Sound, Davis Strait. (Taylor). Massachu-.

setts. On steep wet rock near Winchester North Reservoir. June 1904.
(Collins). Rhode Island. Common. (Bennett). Connecticut. On lime-
stone. Road near Gaylordsville. October. (Holden). New Jersey. On
wet ground, common. (Austin). Dripping rocks, Palisades, Bergen. (Wolle).
Maryland. On a grassy bank in sandy soil. Loch Raven, Baltimore county.
July 1897. (Waters). Georgia. On moist ground among various plants.
Thomson, McDuffee County. August 1908. (Bartlett). Texas. On mud

Myxophyceae 173

flats. Cedar Bayou, Harris County. (Ravenel). Indiana. Near Bloom-

ington. (Brown). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near mouth of Detroit River.
Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minnesota. On damp ground on hillside.
Mendota. October 1go1. (Hillesheim and Lilley). Iowa. A very common

alga in the damp margins of marshy places. Iowa City. 1880. (Hobby).
Ames. (Bessey, Buchanan). Grinnell. 1904. (Fink). Eagle Grove. 1904. (Bu-
chanan). Nebraska. On the ground and in shallow ponds in a pass
between two wet valleys. Cherry County. July 1892. (Smith and Pound).
Frequent on damp earth and in stagnant or running water. Often found
covering the ground for some distance in damp places. (Saunders). Kan-
sas. Attached to bare patches of soil. (Parry). Montana, “Common
throughout the state. On the high foot-hills (5,000-7,000 feet), on the
alkaline plains and in the valleys. In inundated places, where the water
is kept warm by the sun’s rays, this Nostoc grows with marvelous rapidity,
and frequently attains a diameter of ten inches and a half in thickness.”
(Anderson and Kelsey). Wyoming. Very plentiful in small pools on
ledges of rock. Telephone Cafion, Albany County. April 1897. (Nelson).
New Mexico. Santa Fé. (Fendler). Washington. Whidbey Island.

(Gardner). Mexico. On damp soil in autumn; common after rain on
dry flats. Rio Bravo (Rio Grande). (Schott). Bermudas. On the ground.
Castle Point. February 1898. (Richards). West Indies, In crusts on

sandy soil. Constant Spring, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii.
In dense forest. Near Halfway House, Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).
Forming gelatinous, firm, flat wrinkled masses on boards of flume (not
covered by water), head of flume. (2,300 feet). Pacific Sugar Mill, Hama-
kua, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

Var. flagelliforme (Berkeley and Curtis) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c.
206. Wright. Plantae Texanae. no. 3809. Harvey. |. c. 115. Wood. 1. c
226. De Toni. 1. c. 408.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.-Bor. Exsicc. no. 100. 1878.
Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1505. 1908.

Plant mass filiform, up to 3-4 mm. in width, firm; trichomes parallel.

Texas. On naked aluminous soil. San Pedro. (Wright). Montana.
Very common on the alkali plains about Helena. It has the appearance
of “small weather-beaten, entangled tufts of black horsehair.” (Anderson
and Kelsey). Mexico. On sandy soil. Mazapil, Zacatecas. (Lloyd).

325. Nostoc sphaericum Vaucher. Histoire des Conferves d’eau douce. 223.
pl. 16. f. 2. 1803. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 208. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 409. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 30. 1872.
Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886.
Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 283. pl. 197. f. 18-20. 1887. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island.
114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1880. Anderson and Kel-
sey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.

174 Minnesota Algae

18: 144. 1891. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the
West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 269. 1895. Collins, Algae. Flora
of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reser-
vations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 291. 1898. Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 755. 1900. Bessey, Pound and
Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Ne-
braska, 5: 12. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 582. 1902.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. I: 191. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
30. no. 1453. 1908. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa.
Acad, Sci. 14: 11. 1908.

Plate VIII. fig. 2.

Colonies free, spherical 1-15 mm. in diameter, finally becoming ir-
regularly plicate-tuberculate, thick, sometimes 6-7 cm. in diameter, solid,
surrounded by a firm outer layer, olive green, yellowish or violet, be-
coming brownish; filaments flexuous, densely entangled; trichomes 4 rarely
5 mic. in diameter; cells spherical compressed or barrel-shaped; heterocysts
6 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 5 mic. in diameter, 7 mic.
in length, oval; wall of gonidium thick, smooth, becoming brownish.

Alaska. On dripping rocks among mosses. Amaknak Island, Bay of
Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Maine. Minute colonies free, among
various algae, in salt marsh pools. Harpswell. July 1905. (Collins).
Massachusetts. In minute blackish or greenish rounded masses on wet
rocks, near the Cascade. Melrose, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode
Island. Providence. (Bennett). New Jersey. Abundant on wet rocks.
(Wolle). Pennsylvania. Adhering to mosses and twigs in the water.
Spring Mills, near Philadelphia. (Wood). North Carolina. On wet rocks
with moss. Tryon. March 1897. (Green). Michigan. Grosse Isle. Near
mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Minnesota.
Among mosses on cliff overhanging stream. Dalles of the St. Louis River,
Fond du Lac, near Duluth. August 1901. (Tilden). Iowa. Iowa City.
(Hobby). Ames. (Bessey). Nebraska. On soil in greenhouse. Lincoln.
(Bessey). Montana, Damp rocks in shady ravines. (Anderson and Kel-
sey). West Indies. On damp wall of dam in Sharp’s River, St. Vincent.
May 1892, (Elliott).

326. Nostoc minutum Desmaziéres. Plantes Cryptog. de France. ist Ed.
Fase. 11. no. 50. 1831. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann, Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 209. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 411.
1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 191. 1903.

Plant mass minute, gregarious, spherical, finally becoming flattened,
membranaceous, up to Io mm. in diameter; filaments densely entangled;
trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped; heterocysts 4-5 mic.
in diameter; gonidia unknown.

Myxophyceae 175

Alaska, On dripping rocks, much mixed with other algae of a gelatinous
nature. Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).

327. Nostoc calidarium Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 34. pl. 2. f. 2. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 409, 423. 1907.

Plate VIII. fig. 3.

Plant mass indefinitely expanded, either membranaceous coriaceous
cr gelatinous, bright or dull olive green or olive brown, irregularly and
deeply sinuate, finally neatly laciniate; filaments 2 mic. (?) in diameter,
unequal, sometimes flexuously curved but mostly straight and closely joined,
occurring in two forms; the one small, with cylindrical cells, scattered
heterocysts and diffluent sheaths, if any; the other form very large, with
globose or oblong cells and heterocysts not different from the other cells.

California. In hot springs. Temperature 110-120° and 124-135°. F.
Benton’s Spring, Owen’s Valley, sixty miles southwest from Aurora.
(Partz).

328. Nostoc austinii Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North Amer-
ica, 27. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 411. 1907.

Colonies somewhat spherical, small, mostly the size of fish eggs, but
reaching the diameter of nearly 4 mm., sometimes very hard, sometimes
much softer, with surface often corrugated, brownish or blackish; filaments
variously curved, densely entangled or distantly and loosely interwoven,
greenish, brownish, lead-colored or yellowish brown; sheaths often dis-
tinct in smaller colonies, those in larger ones indistinct or not visible;
trichomes 6.5-8.2 mic, in diameter; cells spherical, often in pairs; hetero-
cysts equal to diameter of cells or a little larger, spherical, intercalary or
terminal, cell contents coarsely granular.

New Jersey. Growing amidst mosses on rocks. Near Gloucester.
(Austin).

329. Nostoc macrosporum Meneghini. Monographia Nostochinearum ital.

116. pl. 14. f. 2. 1843. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 209. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 412. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains.

Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 284. 1887.

Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901.

Plate VIII. fig. 4.

Colonies small, solid, spherical or oblong, blue-green or olive, be-
coming brownish; filaments loosely entangled, flexuously curved, or spi-
rally rolled; sheaths often distinct, yellowish; trichomes 8-9 mic. in diame-
ter, especially cylindrical; cells short, disc-shaped, or equalling the diame-
ter in length, closely connected; heterocysts 9-10 mic. in diameter, some-
what spherical; gonidia (according to Borzi) “globose, angular from mutual
pressure, or globose-compressed, two or three times larger than the cells;
wall of gonidium thin, very smooth”; cell contents pale blue-green or
olive green.

176 Minnesota Algae

New Hampshire. Mixed with other algae. The “Flume,” Shelburne,
Lake Willoughby. (Farlow). Nebraska. On pots in greenhouse. Lincoln.
(Bessey).

330. Nostoc microscopicum Carmichael. Harvey in Hooker’s British Flora.
5: 399. 1833. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 210. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 413. 1907.

. Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 115. 1858. Dickie. Notes
on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr. James
Taylor. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 241. 1867. Farlow. Notes on the Cryp-
togamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (N.
rupestre Kg.). Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine. I. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 161. 1888. Bennett, Plants of Rhode Island. 114.
1888, Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1880. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 256. 1897. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. I109. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of
Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 191. 1903. Collins. Algac
of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. West. West Indian Freshwater
Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Collins, Phycological Notes of the
late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate VIII. fig. 5.

Colonies spherical or oblong, rarely beyond 1 cm. in diameter, soft,
at first glistening, finally becoming olive or brownish; filaments loosely
entangled; sheaths more or less distinct, yellowish, “contrasting with the
generally uncolored jelly” (Cooke); trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter; cells
somewhat spherical; heterocysts 7 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical;
gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter, 9-15 mic. in length, oval, olive; wall of go-
nidium smooth; cell contents sky blue or violet-green.

Canada. On stones in a small stream. Baffin’s Bay. (Sutherland). Cum-
berland Sound. (Taylor). Maine. In a lake near Houlton. (Harvey).
New Hampshire, On rocks. The “Flume.” (Farlow). Vermont. On wet
rocks. Ripton Gorge. September 1896. (Farlow). Massachusetts. On
pebbles in rather shallow water. Suntaug Lake, Peabody. September 1892.
(Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). Connecticut. Sage’s
Ravine, Salisbury, below First Falls. October. (Holden). New Jersey.
Frequent on moist rocks. (Wolle). Washington, Floating, intermingled
with other algae. Whidbey Island; Seattle. (Gardner). West Indies.
On steps into reservoir. Constant Spring. April 1893. (Humphrey). “Chan-
cery Lane Estate,’ Barbados. (Howard).

331. Nostoc sphaeroides Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 2. pl. 4. f. 1. 1850. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII 7: 212.

1888. De Toni. Syl]. Algar. 5: 415. 1907.
Hall. List of the Marine Algae growing in Long Island Sound within
20 miles of New Haven. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 112. 1876. Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County, 14. 1888. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 10. no. 454. 1898. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska

Myxophyceae 177

Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901. Setchell and Gardner.
Algae of Northwestern America, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 191. 1903.

Colonies of medium size, spherical, green becoming bluish; trichomes
4-7 Mic, in diameter, tapering at the apices; gonidia 6-7 mic. in diameter,
exactly spherical, angular from mutual pressure, orange becoming brown-
ish; wall of gonidium somewhat thick, rough.

Alaska. Forming a soft, bluish green coating on rocks near Juneau.
(Saunders). Massachusetts. Cambridge. (Farlow). Fresh Pond, Cam-
bridge. (Richards). © Connecticut. Pools. Whitneyville and Beaver Mead-
ows. (Eaton).

332. Nostoc depressum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 30: 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 415. 1907.

Colonies irregularly suborbicular, gregarious and sometimes aggregated,
elastic, surrounded by a firm, translucent outer layer, about the size of a
mustard seed or smaller, adhering to submerged mosses, blackish in color;
filaments mostly loosely interwoven; sheaths not present; trichomes 5
mic. in diameter; cells spherical, generally rather closely connected, rarely
distant; heterocysts, 7 mic. in diameter, rather larger than the cells.

New Jersey. Attached to a brook moss, growing in a rapid rivulet in
the northern part of the state. (Austin).

333. Nostoc glomeratum Kuetzing. Tab. Phyc. 2: 2. pl. 3. f. 5. 1850. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 415. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.

Plate VIII. fig. 6, 7.

Colonies spherical, usually aggregated in grape-like clusters, lead-
colored or becoming somewhat purplish, with inconspicuous outer layer;
trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, more or less densely entangled, somewhat
equal in thickness; cells spherical, crowded; heterocysts 7-7.7 mic. in
diameter.

California. On filaments of old Cladophora. (Anderson).

334. Nostoc caeruleum Lyngbye. Hydrophytologia danica. 201. pl. 68.
f. B. 1819. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 7: 213. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 416. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Freshwater Algae. North America. 31. 1872
. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 284. 1887. Wolle and Martindale.
Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J.
2: 606. 1889. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 84. 1894; List of Fresh-
Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies.
J: 236, 1895. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 191. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1166. 1904. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa.
Proc, Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 11. 1908.

Plate VIII. fig. 8.

Colonies very small, up to 5-6 mm. in diameter, spherical, solid,

178 Minnesota Algae

separate or aggregated, sometimes proliferated, surrounded by a firm,
tenacious outer layer, blue-green, sky blue, or becoming brownish,
pellucid; filaments densely interwoven, flexuously twisted; sheaths usually,
indistinct; trichomes 5-7 mic. in diameter, twisted; cells barrel-shaped;
heterocysts 8-10 mic. in diameter, spherical or depressed spherical; go-
nidia unknown.

New Jersey. Growing attached to moss. Northern part of state. (Aus-
tin). Minnesota. In small stagnant pools at edge of lake. Parker’s
Lake, Hennepin County. July 1894. (Tilden). Floating in great quantities.
Lake Zumbra. September 1903. (Butler). Iowa. Ames. 1884. (Bessey).
Washington, In a ditch of fresh water. Near Seattle. (Gardner).

335. Nostoc pruniforme (Linn.) Agardh. Dispositio Algar. Sueciae. 45.
1812. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
VII. 7: 215. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 418. 1907.

Wood, Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 28. 1872.
Wolle, Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. Rab-
enhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2530. 1878. Twitchell. Remarks on a
Variety of Nostoc pruniforme. Journ. Cin. Soc. Nat. Hist. 9: 253. 1886.
Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 284. 1887. Atwell. A Deep-Water Nos-
toc. Bot. Gaz. 14: 291. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1889.
Johnson and Atwell, Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report
Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of
Nebraska. 18. pl. 1. f. 4. a, b. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae
collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894; Amer-
ican Algae. Cent. I. no, 85. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 58. 1895; 1. c. Fasc. 14. no. 657.
1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. I: 191. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late
Isaac Holden. II. 7: 237. 1905. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa.
Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 11. 1908.

Plate VIII. fig. 9, 10.

Colonies spherical, attaining the size of a hen’s egg, soft and watery
within, at length hollow, surrounded by a leathery outer layer, olive or
dark blue-green, finally becoming brownish or blackish; filaments loosely
entangled, radiating from the center; sheaths often distinct, colorless, rarely
yellowish; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, cells spherical compressed or a
little longer than the diameter; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, somewhat
spherical.

Maine. (Leidy). Connecticut. In a stagnant pool connected with
the lower of “Twin Lakes,” mostly resting on the bottom, but attached
when young to sticks, etc., growing to the diameter of about 5 cm. Salis-
bury, Litchfield County. August 1895. (Holden). New Jersey. In ponds,
frequent. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. In stagnant water. Bethlehem. 1877.
CWolle). Illinois, “With the first gales of November and March each
year there appears upon the shore of Lake Michigan, an abundance of

Myxophyceae 179

an interesting form of Nostoc. It was first observed in 1864 by Professor
Oliver Marcy. Thrown out upon the shore by the waves, it appears as
small, purple and green balls or thalli.”” (Atwell). Thrown up in extensive
“windrows” on the shore of Lake Michigan. Evanston. August 1894. (John-
son). Minnesota. Lake Kilpatrick. June 1893; floating free or attached
to water plants in artificial lake, Minneapolis, August 1894. (Tilden). Iowa.
Nodules often reaching the size of a plum. (Fink). Very small, in pool
near Ontario, Ames. (Buchanan). Nebraska. In still water. (Saunders).

Idaho. (Twitchell). Washington. In ditches of fresh water. Near Seattle.
(Gardner).

336. Nostoc verrucosum (Linn.) Vaucher. Histoire des Conferves d’ean
douce. 225. pl. 16. f. 3. 1803. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 216. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 419. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 114. 1858. Dickie. Al-
gae. Hooker. An Account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker in Green-
land and Arctic America during the expedition of Sir Francis M’Clintock,
R. N., in the Yacht “Fox,” 21 Je. 1860. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 79. 1861;
Notes on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr.
James Taylor. 1. c. 9: 241. 1867. Harvey. Determinations of Algae in
Rothrock’s Sketch of the Flora of Alaska. Ann. Rept. Bd. Regents. Smiths.
Inst. for 1867. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.
28. 1874. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. U. S. 284. pl. 197. f. 1, 2. 1887.
Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern University. Report.
Dept. Nat. Hist. 21. 1890. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicu-
ous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr, Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1801. Millspaugh.
Contribution III. to the Coastal and Plain Flora of Yucatan. Field Colum-
bian Museum. Bot. 1: 347. 1808. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no.
393. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora
of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901. Collins, The Algae of
Jamaica. Proc. Am, Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Tilden. Collection of
Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112.
1901; American Algae. Cent. V. no. 487. 1901; Cent. VI. no. 583. 1902; Algae
Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the
Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 170. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae
of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 3191. 1903. Brown.
Algal Periodicity in Certain Ponds and Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
35: 242, 247. 1908.

Plate VIII. fig. 11-16.

Colonies often gregarious, up to 10 cm. in diameter, at first solid,
gelatinous, firm, spherical or rotund and plicate-undulate, afterwards be-
coming hollow, vesicular, softer, and torn, when young olive-blackish, be-
coming brownish green when older; filaments flexuously twisted, densely
entangled near the surface; sheaths thick, often indistinct, colorless or
yellowish brown; trichomes 3-3.5 mic. in diameter, especially cylindrical;
cells spherical depressed, shorter than the diameter; closely connected;
heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical; gonidia 5 mic. in
diameter, 7 mic. in length; oval; wall of gonidium smooth, yellowish.

180 Minnesota Algae

Arctic Regions. Beechey Island. (Lyall). Port Kenedy. (Walker).
Alaska. Fresh water pools. Port Clarence. (Harvey). Greenland. On
stones in fresh water streams; in pools of fresh water, Island of Disko.
(Lyall). Canada, Freshwater. Cumberland Sound. (Taylor). Pennsyl-
vania. Growing in great abundance in very cold, large, limestone spring.
Centre County. Summer of 1869. (Wood). Indiana. Attached to the
stone bottom of a small stream, flowing across University Campus. Jordan
Branch. Bloomington. (Brown). Wisconsin. Attached to rocks in water-
fall. Burkhardt. September 1899. (Tilden). Illinois. Bowmanville. July.
(Johnson and Atwell). Minnesota, On rocks in falls in river. Lester
River, Lester Park, Duluth. August roo1. (Tilden). Nebraska. In cul-
ture in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Bessey). Montana, ‘(Common at the Falls
of the Missouri and in spring water impregnated with lime. In the fall
of the year this species is torn from its hold on submerged rocks in the
upper Missouri River, rises to the surface and floats to the shore in large
numbers. Sometimes watery, hollow specimens, the size of bantam eggs,
are picked up.” (Anderson and Kelsey). New Mexico. Santa Fé. (Fend-
ler). Nevada. Attached to rocks in running water. Humboldt River,
Winnemucca. July 1901. (Griffiths). Mexico. “Found in the aguada
Chulubmay, nine miles east of Izamal. March.” (Millspaugh). West In-
dies, On rocks in “Wag Water” and in a trough in running water. Castle-
ton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. Forming small, black,
“shot-like” balls, covering sides of pools in falls and rapids. Head waters
of flume (2,300 feet), Pacific Sugar Mill, Hamakua, Hawaii. July 1900.
(Tilden).

337. Nostoc amplissimum Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea.
7: 50. pl. 2, 3. f. 1, 2. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 421. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 12. no. 558. 1899.
Plate VIII. fig. 17-19.

Colonies at first spherical, very early becoming hollow and lobulated,
expanding until they become irregular, verrucose, brownish yellow sacs,
measuring up to 60x 30 cm.; membrane of sack of varying thickness, 2-10
mm., composed of one to several layers of jelly in which trichomes are
embedded, also containing abundant small lumps of lime; filaments very
numerous, arranged somewhat variously, near upper and lower surfaces
much contorted, in middle more nearly horizontal and parallel; sheaths
of outer filaments conspicuous, wide, brown, those of inner filaments dis-
tinct, colorless, usually wanting in case of central filaments; trichomes
2-3 mic. in diameter, more or less torulose; cells 3-5-5 Mic. in length, de-
pressed spherical or short cylindrical; heterocysts usually about 4 mic. in
diameter; gonidia 3-4 mic. in diameter, 5-6 mic. in length, ellipsoidal, usu-
ally beginning to form in outer layer, wall of gonidium smooth, brown.

California. On stones in streams. Near Pasadena. May 1806. (Mc-
Clatchie). Floating and attached to the sides of a watering trough, sup-
plied from an artesian well. Near Hollister. April 1897. (Setchell).

Dr. Setchell calls attention to the fact that this is the largest species
belonging to the Cyanophyceae.

Myxophyceae 181

338. Nostoc parmelioides Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 206. 1843. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 219. 1888.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 422, 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 114, 134. 1858. (N. cris-
tatum Bailey, N. sutherlandi Dickie). Schramm and Mazé. Essai
Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865. (Hy drococcus guadelupensis
Crouan). Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 13. 1870-
1877. (Oncobyrsa guadelupensis Crouan). Wood. Contr.
Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 29. 1872. N. alpinum Wood).
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 285. pl. 197. f. 33, 34. 1887. Setchell. Notes on some
Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 22: 428. 1895. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 57. 1895. Tilden
American Algae. Cent. II. no. 168. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fase. 5. no. 236. 18096. Tilden, American Algae. Cent.
VI. no. 584. 1902.

Plate VIII. fig. 20.

Colonies attached, disc-shaped or tongue-shaped, hard, sometimes
somewhat spherical, of various sizes, up to 2 cm. in diameter; filaments
radiating from the center, somewhat straight at the center, parallel, en-
tangled, those near the surface densely twisted and entangled; sheaths of
cuter filaments yellowish, distinct, those of the inner, colorless, often con-
fluent; trichomes 4-4.5 mic. in diameter; cells spherical or spherical de-
pressed, closely connected; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, somewhat
spherical; gonidia 4-5 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, oval; wall of
gonidium smooth, yellowish.

Canada. South side of harbor in winter quarters. Baffin’s Bay. July
1851. (Sutherland). Connecticut. Attached at one point to smooth sand-
stone bed of a mountain rivulet. Mt. Carmel. September 1893. (Setchell).
Goshen. August 1895. (Green). New York. In mountain rivulets, at-
tached to stones under water. Near West Point. (Bailey). Crumelbow
Creek, Hyde Park, New York City. (Harvey). Palisades. (Wolle). Penn-
sylvania. Abundant on stones on rocky bottom of river. Susquehanna River,
at Harrisburgh. (Wolle). Near Harrisburgh. (Kelley). Wyoming. At-
tached to granitic rocks in creek about four miles from the melting snow
which feeds the creek. (9,000 feet). North Fork, Clear Creek, Big Horn
Mountains. August 1898. (Williams and Griffiths). Nevada. In cold
streams, Clover Mountains. (11,000 feet). (Watson).

Genus WOLLEA Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. 223. 1888.

Plant mass or colony tubular, cylindrical, somewhat membranaceous,
soft; filaments somewhat straight, parallel or slightly curved, agglutinated;
sheaths confluent; heterocysts intercalary; gonidia catenate, contiguous to.
the heterocysts or remote from them.

339. Wollea saccata (Wolle) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann,
Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 223. 1888. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV.

182 Minnesota Algae

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 7: 44. 1880. (Sphaerozyga saccata
Wolle). Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 397.
1880. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae N. S. 290. pl. 199. £. 1. 1887. Wolle
and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
432. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 1. no. 30. 1895.

Plate VIII. fig, 21, 22.

Colonies 2-6 mm. in diameter, up to 1 dm. in length, consisting of
elongated, vertical, somewhat membranaceous, soft tubes, closed at the
apex, cylindrical or variously constricted, more or less aggregated; trich-
omes 4-5 mic. in diameter, numerous, erect, parallel or slightly curved;
cells oblong or cylindrical, closely connected; heterocysts 6 mic. in diame-
ter, oval or somewhat spherical, yellow or pale orange; gonidia 7 mic. in
diameter, 15-22 mic. in length, numerous, cylindrical, catenate.

New Jersey. At first attached, afterwards floating free. Along the
shores and in the shallow water of Cranberry Pond. (Wolle).

Genus NODULARIA Mertens.
Jurgens, Alg. Aquat. Dec. XV. no. 4. 1822.

Filaments free; sheaths colorless, close, usually thin, mucous, some-
times diffluent; trichomes more or less straight; cells short, depressed,
disc-shaped; heterocysts depressed; gonidia spherical, somewhat spherical
or disc-shaped, developed in series between the heterocysts; wall of go-
nidium smooth.

I Trichomes less than 8 mic. in diameter.
1 Filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter; gonidia 6-8 mic. in diameter, some-

what spherical N. harveyana
2 Filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter; gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, spheri-
cal depressed N. sphaerocarpa

3 Trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter; cells short, about half as long as wide
N. paludosa

II Filaments more than 8 mic. in diameter.
1 Trichomes 7.5-9.5 mic. in diameter; cells nearly as long as broad
before division N. hawaiiensis
2 Filaments 10-11 mic. in diameter; gonidia 10-12 mic. in diameter, 9
mic. in length, spherical depressed, in series N. armorica
3 Filaments 8-18 mic. in diameter; gonidia 12-15 mic. in diameter, 6-10
mic, in length; somewhat spherical or elliptical
N. spumigena
4 Trichomes (?) 33-38 mic. in diameter; cells short
N. mainensis

340. Nodularia harveyana (Thwaites) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 378. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis.

Myxophyceae 183

des Nostoc, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 243. 1888. De Toni. Syli.
Algar. 5: 432. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae New England. 31. 1881. Collins. Algae of
Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jer-
sey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1:
92. 1889. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions
to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. I90I.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1013. 1903;
Fasc. 22. no. 1062. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 192. 1903. West. West Indian Fresh-
water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904. Tilden. Notes on a Collection
of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 155. 1908.

Plate IX. fig. 1, 2.

Filaments 4-6 mic. in diameter, tapering at the ends, terminated by
an obtuse conical cell; sheaths thin, colorless, distinct; cells before division
about as long as broad or a little longer; gonidia 8 mic. in diameter, some-
what spherical, yellowish brown.

Maine. In a high pool, exposed to spray only. Ragged Island, Casco
Bay. July 1903. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts.
Found in small quantities, mixed with Sphaerozyga, in company
with Rhizoclonium. Charles River, Cambridge; also in salt marshes.
(Farlow). Connecticut. (Collins). New York. Mariners’ Harbor,
Staten Island. (Pike). Nebraska. In ponds and running water. South
Bend. (Bessey). Washington. On mud by the roadside. Near La Con-
ner, Skagit County. May 1go1. (Gardner). Central America. Associated
with Phormidium valderianum. Laguna Lake, Amatitlan (3,950
feet), February 1905. (Kellerman).

341. Nodularia sphaerocarpa Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann,
Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 245. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 433. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22, no. 1063. 1903.

Plate IX. fig. 3.

Filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, entangled; sheaths thin, colorless, finallv
diffluent; cells 6 mic. in diameter, 4 mic. in length; heterocysts about as
large as the cells; gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, depressed spherical, brown-
. ish, two to twelve in series.

California. Forming a thin layer on the moist shady side of a sandy
cliff. Bolinas, Marin County. May 1903. (Gardner).

342. Nodularia paludosa Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 2o1. pl. 198. f.
3, 4. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 435. 1907.
Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 4: 24. 1896.
Plate IX. fig. 4.

Filaments single or in small clusters;. sheaths rarely present, soon
diffluent; trichomes 6-8 mic, in diameter, nearly straight; cells short, about

184 Minnesota Algae

half as long as wide; heterocysts nearly spherical, yellowish; cell contents
granular, bright blue-green.

Colorado, (Wolle). Pennsylvania. (Wolle). Nebraska. In saii
lake, Lincoln.

According to some authorities this species may belong to Anabaena
cupressaphila or to N. harveyana.

343. Nodularia hawaiiensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 484.
1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian
Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901.

Plate IX. fig. 5.

Plant mass stringy, dark blue-green; sheaths not evident; trichomes
7.5-9.5 mic. in diameter; cells before division nearly as long as broad, de-
pressed spherical; heterocysts 10 mic. in diameter, spherical or a little
longer than broad; gonidia not known.

Hawaii. In tufts attached to other algae, on reef constantly washed
over by waves. Waianae, Oahu. May tooo. (Tilden).

The filament has neither the distinct sheath and small diameter of that
of N. harveyana nor the short Oscillatoria-like cells of N. spumi-
gena, the only marine forms of Nodularia described by Bornet and
Flahault. Until gonidia are found in the plant its affinities cannot be dis-
covered.

344. Nodularia armorica Thuret. Notes Algologiques. 2: 122. pl. 29. 1880.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
7: 245. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 433. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub, Bot. 1: 193. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 22. no. 1061. 1903. 7

Plate IX. fig. 6.

Filaments 10-11 mic. in diameter, entangled; sheaths very thin; cells
compressed, one half as short as the diameter; heterocysts compressed, a
little larger than the cells; gonidia 10-12 mic. in diameter, 9 mic. in length,
depressed. spherical, yellowish brown, arranged in series; end walls of
gonidia firm, biconcave, transversely truncate.

Washington, Floating on the surfaces of quiet ponds. Near Coupeville,
Whidbey Island; Port Townsend. (Gardner). California. In a shallow
ditch. Oakland. May 1902, (Osterhout and Gardner).

345. Nodularia spumigena’ Mertens in Jiirgens. Algae Aquaticae. Dec.
XV. no. 4. 1822. Bornet and Flahault, Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 245. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 433. 1907.

: Filaments entangled in a mucous mass, or scattered, sometimes float-
ing free, somewhat straight or curled; sheaths sometimes thin, or
in other cases quite thick; cells very short, disc-shaped, three or four
times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts a little larger than the cells;

Myxophyceae 185

gonidia not contiguous to the heterocysts, often numerous, yellowish
brown.

Var. genuina Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 246. De Toni. 1. c. 433.

Riddle. Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fase. 27. no. 1307. 1906.

Filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter; gonidia usually 12 mic. in diameter, 8-9
mic. in length.

Maine. Among Cladophora expansa, etc., in marsh pools.
Stover’s Point, Harpswell. July 1906. (Collins). Ohio. Brush Lake,
Champaign County. 1902. (Riddle).

Var. litorea (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 246. De Toni. 1. .
434. :

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. IV. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 11: 130. 1884; Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900.

Plate IX. fig. 7, 8.

Filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter; gonidia about 14 mic. in diameter,
Io mic. in length.

Maine. (Collins). New Hampshire. A few filaments among other
algae in marshes. Hampton. (Collins). Massachusetts. (Collins).
Var. major (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 247. De Toni. 1. ¢.
435.

Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern Amer-
ica. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 193. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1012. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of
the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Filaments 12-18 mic. in diameter; gonidia 14-15 mic. in diameter, 6-7
Mic. in length.

Connecticut. Scattered filaments among other blue-green algae. In
marsh pool. Cook’s Point. (Holden). Washington. In a pond of slight-
ly brackish water. Penn’s Cove, near Coupeville, Whidbey Island. June rgor.
(Gardner).

346. Nodularia mainensis F. L. Harvey. The Fresh-water Algae of Maine.
Il. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 16: 188. 1889. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
435. 1907.

Sheaths distinct but close; trichomes 33-38 mic. in diameter; cells
2-6 mic. in length; heterocysts compressed, oval, orange yellow or brownish
yellow.

Maine. Found intermingled with Vaucheria sessilis in Pushaw
Stream, a tributary of the Penobscot, near Orono. July 1888. (F. L. Harvey}.

Genus ANABAENA Bory. Dict. Class. 1: 307. 1822.

Sheaths not present or when present often diffluent; trichomes equal
throughout or tapering at the apices, usually rigid and fragile, sometimes

186 Minnesota Algae

circinate, free or aggregated without order to form a flocculent mass; cells
equal to or longer than their diameter; apical cells sometimes conical;
heterocysts numerous and intercalary; gonidia variously disposed, sometimes
solitary, sometimes lying on each side of a heterocyst, rarely in short
catenate series.

I. Gonidia oval or spherical.
1 Gonidia oval or barrel-shaped, remote from the heterocysts in cate-
nate series

(1) Wall of gonidium smooth A, variabilis
(2) Wall of gonidium papillose A. hallensis

2 Gonidia spherical, contiguous to heterocysts, solitary or in short
series, 12-20 mic. in diameter A. sphaerica

II Gonidia variously disposed, sometimes contiguous to heterocysts, some-
times remote from them, cylindrical, straight or curved.

1 Trichomes usually circinate; gonidia curved, obliquely truncate at the
apices
(1) Gonidia 7-13 mic. in diameter, 20-50 mic. in length, curved, oblique,
inequilateral, contiguous to or rarely remote from the hetero-
cysts; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless or yellowish; trich-
omes 4-8 mic. in diameter A. flos-aquae

(2) Gonidia 16-18 mic. in diameter, up to 30 mic. in length, curved,
oblique or cylindrical, the younger ones somewhat spherical,
usually remote from the heterocysts; wall of gonidium smooth,
colorless; trichomes 8-14 mic. in diameter A. circinalis

2 Trichomes straight; gonidia cylindrical, straight, usually remote from
the heterocysts, solitary or in series

(1) Trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter; sheaths sometimes present; go-
nidia 14-17 mic. in length A. inaequalis
(2) Trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths occasionally present;

gonidia 7-10 mic. in diameter, up to 30 mic. and more in length
A. catenula

(3) Trichomes 4.2-6 mic. in diameter; sheaths present; gonidia 6 mic.
in diameter, 14-20 mic. in length A. laxa
III Gonidia contiguous to heterocysts on each side, developed centripe-
tally, cylindrical or somewhat cylindrical

1 Gonidia 7-12 mic. in diameter, 18-28 mic. in length, short, somewhat
cylindrical, often slightly constricted in the center; apical cell con-
ical A. torulosa

2 Gonidia 8-10 mic. in diameter, 20-40 mic. in length, especially cylin-
drical; apical cells obtuse A. oscillarioides

3 Gonidia 15-20 mic. in diameter, 50-90 mic. in length, cylindrical or
more commonly tapering slightly from the middle to the rounded
ends A. bornetiana

Myxophyceae 187

Species not well understood

A. azollae

A. confervoides
A. cupressophila
A. gelatinosa

A. subrigida

347. Anabaena variabilis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 210. 1843. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 226. 1888. De
Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 437. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 287. pl. 198. f. 29-32. 1887. Bennett.
Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. (Sphaerozyga polysperma
Rab.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Anderson and Kelsey.
Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18:
144. 1891. Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 429. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 3. no. 107. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 169.
1896. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 7:
Heft. 42. 5. 1897. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7:
51. 1899. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no.
709. 1900. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Tilden. Collection of Algae from the Hawai-
ian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; American Al-
gae. Cent. V. no. 483. 1901; American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 678. 1902; Algae
Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia. 1: 168. 1902. Setchell and
Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 191. 1903.
Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223.
1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1209.
1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. 1905.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1507. 1908.
(A. variabilis brachyspora Collins).

Plate IX. fig. 9.

Plant mass gelatinous, spreading on damp soil or floating free, dark
green; sheaths usually not present; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter, flexuous,
slightly constricted at joints; apical cell obtuse conical; cells 2.5-6 mic. in
diameter, somewhat quadrate; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, 8 mic. in
length, spherical or oval; gonidia 7-9 mic. in diameter, 8-14 mic. in length,
oval, truncate at the apices, numerous in catenate series, remote from
heterocysts, developed centrifugally; wall of mature gonidium smooth,
yellowish brown.

Greenland. Umanak. (Vanh6ffen). Maine. Among various floating
Algae in a warm pool above high water mark. Ragged Island, Casco Bay.
July 1908. (Collins). Rhode Island. Spectacle Pond. (Bennett). Forming
a brownish or bluish green, gelatinous layer on the floating leaves of
Ruppia maritima, in brackish water. Watch Hill Pond, Watch Hill.
September 1894. (Setchell). Connecticut. Fresh Pond. (Collins, Holden).

188 Minnesota Algae

New Jersey. Fresh water. Somerset. (Setchell). In pools, Bound Brook.
(Wolle). Minnesota, In stagnant water in pools made by high waves
and seepage on beach. Oatka Beach. Minnesota Point, Duluth. August
too1. (Tilden). South Dakota. Artesian water into which sewage runs.
Aberdeen. August 1895. (Griffiths). Floating in large light blue-green masses
on the surface of a pond supplied with artesian water. September 1898.
(Saunders). Montana. Common in open, muddy pools heated by the
sun’s glare; rising to the surface in small, frothy scummy masses. Ponds
and semi-stagnant mud-bottomed parts of streams in the mountains and
on the plains. June to November. (Anderson and Kelsey). Wyoming.
On surface of water in ditch. Seven miles north of Lake Hotel, Yellowstone
National Park. July 1896. (Tilden). Idaho. Standing water. Near Lewis-
ton, Nez Perces County. (800 feet). 1896. (A. A. and E. G. Heller).
Washington. In ditches and ponds. Whidbey Island; Seattle. (Gardner).
California. San Francisco. (Setchell). In masses of Ruppia maritima
in salt marsh pool. West Berkeley. August 1904. (Gardner). Hawaii. On
bottom of irrigation ditches in sugar cane field. Water turned on about
once a week. Ewa Plantation, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden). Maluhia, Oahu.
‘Schauinsland).

348. Anabaena hallensis (Janczewski) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 227. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 440. 1907.
Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora of the
State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 12. 1901.

Plate IX. fig. 10-13.

Plant mass mucous, floating; sheaths gelatinous; trichomes 4-5 mic.
in diameter, somewhat straight, with tapering apices; célls depressed
spherical or somewhat quadrate; heterocysts 5 mic. in diameter, barrel-
shaped; gonidia 7-8 mic. in diameter, 10-12 mic. in length, oblong-elliptical,
truncate at the apices, usually remote from the heterocysts, developed cen-
trifugally; wall of gonidium colorless, minutely papillose; cell contents
granular; blue-green.

Nebraska. In aquaria. Lincoln. (Bessey).

349. Anabaena sphaerica Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 228. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 440. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 192. 1903.

Plant mass floccose, blue-green; sheaths not distinct; trichomes 5-6
mic. in diameter, moniliform, straight, agglutinated together in parallel
bundles; cells spherical or spherical-truncate; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in
diameter, nearly spherical; gonidia 12 mic. in diameter, 12-18 mic. in length,
spherical or somewhat oval, contiguous to heterocysts, in short series;
wall of gonidium smooth, brownish yellow.

Washington. Floating on the surfaces of small ponds. Whidbey Island;
Port Townsend. (Gardner).

Var. macrosperma Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 228. De Toni. 1. c. 440.

Myxophyceae 189

Gonidia 20 mic. in diameter, spherical.
West Indies. Santa Cruz. (Hornemann).

350. Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngbye) Brébisson in Brébisson and Godey.
Algues des Environs de Falaise. 36. 1835.. Bornet and Flahault.
Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 228, 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 441. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877.
(Trichormus incurvus Allm,). Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water
Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 225. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 286. 1887.
Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Trelease. The “Working”
of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad. Sci. Arts and Letters. 7: 122. pl.
10. f. 4. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1880. Saunders. Proto-
phyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. 1894. Tilden, List of Fresh-
Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 2: 27, 1898; American Algae. Cent. III. no. 292. 1808. Fanning.
Observations on the Algae of the St. Paul City Water. Minn. Bot. Studies.
2: 609. pl. 45. f. 21. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 576. 1902.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 192. 1903. Nelson, Observations upon some Algae which cause
“Water Bloom.” Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56. pl. 14. £. 3. 1903. Moore and
Kellerman. A Method of Destroying and Preventing the Growth of Algae
and Certain Pathogenic Bacteria in Water Supplies. U. S. Dept. Agric.
Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 64. 20. 1904. Riddle. Brush Lake Algae.
Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes
Atitlan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 98. 1908.
Tilden, Notes on a Collection of Algae from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash, 21: 155. 1908. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc.
Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.

Plate IX. fig. 14.

Plant mass frothy, gelatinous, lubricous, floating, bluish in color;
sheaths not present; trichomes 4-8 mic. in diameter, circinate; cells 6-8 mic.
in length, compressed spherical; heterocysts a little wider and longer than
the cells; gonidia 7-13 mic. in diameter, 20-50 mic. in length; curved,
oblique, inequilateral, contiguous to or rarely remote from the heterocysts,
often surrounded by a wide gelatinous sheath; wall of gonidium smooth,
colorless or yellowish.

Greenland. (Borgesen). Rhode Island. Very common. (Bennett).
New Jersey. Common on stagnant fresh water. (Wolle). District of Colum-
bia. Washington. (Moore and Kellerman). Ohio. Brush Lake, Cham-
paign County. Fall of 1902. (Riddle). Wisconsin. Forming a part of a
greenish yellow scum which occurs every season in greater or less quantity
on Third and Fourth Lakes (Mendota and Monona) during the hot weather
of summer. (Trelease). Minnesota. (Farlow). Floating in abundance on
surface of water. Cedar Lake, Hennepin County. October 1897. (Fanning
and Humphrey). City water supply, St. Paul. (Fanning). Forming a pale,
bluish green scum. Spring Park, Lake Minnetonka, Hennepin County.
October 1901. (Nelson). Towa. “One of the most common of the con-

190 Minnesota Algae

Stituents of the plankton of many of our lakes at some seasons of the
year. Occurs frequently in the sloughs in the northern part of the
state also.” Jenning’s Pond, near Boone River; slough, Eagle Grove, 1904.

(Buchanan). Nebraska. Free-swimming, membranaceous, blue-green.
(Saunders). Washington. Floating in great abundance on quiet water.
Lake Union, Seattle. (Gardner). Central America. Very common in all

the phyto-plankton from Lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Winter of 1905-1906.
(Meek). Very abundant, collected with a surface net. Lake Amatitlan.
Temperature of water 73°. January 1906. (Kellerman, Meek and Smith).

Var. treleasei Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 230. De Toni. 1. c. 443.

Trelease. The “Working” of the Madison Lakes. Trans. Wis. Acad.
Sci. Arts and Letters. 123. pl. 10. f. 5. 1889. (A. mendotae Trelease).

Cells 4 mic. in diameter; heterocysts 5 mic. in diameter, 10 mic, in
length; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 40 mic. in length, slightly curved.

Wisconsin. Forming a copious water bloom on Lake Mendota, at Madi-
son, especially abundant in the fall. (Farlow).

351. Anabaena circinalis Rabenhorst. Alg. Eur. Exsicc. no. 209. 1852.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
7: 230. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 443. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 38. pl. 3. f.

5. 1874. (A. gigantea Wood). Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water Algae.
Bot. Gaz. 8: 225. 1883. (A. flos-aquae circinalis Kirchn.). Arthur,
Some Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Bull. Minn. Acad.
Nat. Sci. 2: (App.) 1-12. 1883. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114.
1888. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. pl. 1.
f. 12. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota
during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895. Jackson and Ellms. On
Odors and Tastes of Surface Waters, with Special Reference to Anabaena,
a Microscopical Organism found in Certain Water Supplies of Massachu-
setts. Review Am. Chem. Research. 8: 410. 1897. Nelson. Observations
upon some Algae which cause ‘““Water Bloom.” Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 56.
pl. 14. £. 2. 1903. Moore and Kellerman. A Method of Destroying or Pre-
venting the Growth of Algae and Certain Pathogenic Bacteria in Water
Supplies. U. S. Dept. Agric. Bureau of Plant Industry. Bull. 64. 20. 1904.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1308. 1906.
Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.

Plate IX. fig. 15.

Plant mass frothy; sheaths often not present; trichomes 8-14 mic. in
diameter, usually circinate, sometimes straight; cells a little shorter than
the diameter, spherical compressed; heterocysts 8-10 mic. in diameter,
somewhat spherical; gonidia 16-18 mic. in diameter, up to 30 mic. in length,
curved, oblique or cylindrical, the younger ones somewhat spherical, usually
remote from the heterocysts; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless.

Massachusetts. Horn Pond, Woburn; South Framingham, November
1882. (Farlow). Ludlow Reservoir, Springfield. Fall of 1895. (Jackson and
Ellms). Forming a scum on a small pond. Medford. June 1906. (Collins).

Myxophyceae 191

Rhode Island, Providence. (Lathrop). R. W. Park. (Bennett). New
York. Chautauqua Lake. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Floating upon a brick
pond, forming a part of a thick, dirty green, “pea-soup” colored, almost
pulverulent scum. (Wood). District of Columbia. Washington. (Moore
and Kellerman). Minnesota. Lake Tetonka, Waterville. 1882. (Arthur).
Floating on a pond. Union Park, Minneapolis, August 1882. (Butler).
Floating in large quantities at edge of lake. Lake Calhoun, Hennepin
County. October 1894. (Tilden). Spring Park, Lake Minnetonka. October
igor. (Nelson). Iowa. Very common in the lakes. East Okoboji Lake;
Upper Gar Lake. October 1904. (Buchanan). Nebraska. Gives a bluish

green color to stagnant water, or in age forms a blue-green scum on the
surface. (Saunders).

352. Anabaena inaequalis (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 231. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 446. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1165. 1904.

Plate IX. fig. 16.

Plant mass floccose, floating or climbing to other algae, blue-green;
sheaths distinct, especially around the gonidia; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diame-
ter, straight, parallel, sometimes free, sometimes surrounded by a firm
mucus; apex of trichome scarcely tapering; apical cell obtuse; cells spheri-
cal-truncate; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, spherical; gonidia 6-8 mic. in
diameter, 14-17 mic. in length, remote from the heterocysts, developed
centrifugally, two or three in a series; wall of gonidium smooth, yellowish.

California. Lake Chabot, San Leandro. June 1902. (Osterhout and
Gardner).

353. Anabaena catenula (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 232. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5. 447. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 290. pl. 199. f. 17-24. 1887. (Sphaero-
zyga smithii (Thw.) Wolle). Bessey. Miscellaneous Additions to
the Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 46. 1893. Saunders. Proto-
phyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. pl. 1. f. 9, 10. 1894. Collins.
Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver
Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts.
128. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no.
506. 1898. Collins. Notes on Algae.—I. Rhodora. 1: 10. 1899. Setchell
and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:

192. 1903.
Plate IX. fig. 17.

Plant mass gelatinous, floating, blue-green; sheaths diffluent in mature
plants; trichomes 5-8 mic. in diameter, flexuous; apical cell rotund; cells
barrel-shaped, usually a little shorter than the diameter; heterocysts 6-9
mic, in diameter, 9-13 mic. in length, somewhat spherical or oblong; gonidia
7-10 mic. in diameter, 16-30 mic. in length, cylindrical, often slightly con-

192 Minnesota Algae

stricted in the center, with round-truncate apices, contiguous to the
heterocysts or remote from them, developed centrifugally, usually in
catenate series; wall of gonidium smooth, pale smoke-colored.

Alaska, Floating on shallow ponds or sluggish streams. Huntville,
Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Glacier Valley, Unalaska. (Lawson).
Maine. In a ditch just above the beach. Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay. July
1896. (Collins). Massachusetts. On dead leaves, in swamp near Bear’s
Den Path, Middlesex Fells; Penny Brook, Lynn Woods, July 1905. (Col-
lins). Nebraska, In moist places in greenhouses. (Bessey, Saunders).
Washington. Near Coupeville, Whidbey Island; Green Lake, Seattle. (Gard-
ner). Hawaii. In stagnant water. Kauai. July 1900. (Tilden).

Var. americana Collins. New Cyanophyceae. Erythea. 4: 119. 1896. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 207. 1896. Collins.
Notes on Algae—I. Rhodora. 1: 10. 1899. De Toni. 1. c. 448.

Gonidia 30-60 mic. in length, strictly cylindrical.
Massachusetts. In company with other algae, forming a scum in pools
and ditches. Middlesex Fells. June 1893. (Collins).

354. Anabaena laxa (Rabenhorst) A. Braun in Bornet and Flahault. Note
sur le Genre Aulosira. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 32: 120. pl. 4. £.
2, 3. 1885; Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 233. 1888.

De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 451. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 30. no. 1454. 1908.

Plate IX. fig. 18.

Sheaths colorless, scarcely conspicuous; filaments 7 mic. in diameter;
trichomes 4.2-6 mic. in diameter; cells barrel-shaped, about as long as
broad; gonidia 6 mic. in diameter, 14-20 mic. in length, cylindrical, with
rotund apices; wall of gonidium smooth, colorless.

Massachusetts. Penny Brook, Lynn Woods. July 1905. (Collins).

355. Anabaena torulosa (Carmichael) Lagerheim. Bidrag till Sveriges
Algflora. Oefversigt af K. Vet.-Akad. Foérhandl. 47. 1883. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 236.

1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 455. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 42. pl. 3. £.
3. 1872. (Dolichospermum polysperma (Kg.) Wood). Far-
low. Marine Algae United States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875.
(Sphaerozyga carmichaelii Harv.); Report of the U. S. Fish
Commission for 1875. 715. 1876; Marine Algae of New England. 30. pl.
1. f. 3. 1881. Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
13: 105. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 289. pl. 108. f£. 37, 38.
1887. (Sphaerozyga polysperma Rab.). Collins. Algae from
Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888; Algae of Middlesex
County. 14. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 4. 1888. Martindale, Marine
Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island.
Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 92. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Brit-
ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889.
Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 18. pl. 1. f. 8. 1894.

Myxophyceae 193

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 354. 1897. Col-
lins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora.
2: 41. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden —II. Rhodora. 7:
223. 1905.

Plate IX. fig. 19.

Plant mass mucous, thin, blue-green; trichomes 4.2-5 mic. in diameter;
apical cell acute conical; cells barrel-shaped, equal to or a little shorter
than the diameter; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, 6-10 mic. in length, some-
what spherical or ovoid; gonidia 7-12 mic. in diameter, 18-28 mic. in length,
short, somewhat cylindrical, often slightly constricted in the center, con-
tiguous to the heterocysts, developed centripetally; wall of gonidium
smooth, pale smoke-colored in mature specimens.

Maine. On Zostera. Goose Creek marshes, Cape Rosier. July 1806.
(Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. On decaying
algae, looking like a shining emerald-green film. Wood’s Hole; Gloucester;
Cambridge; salt marshes, Everett. (Farlow). Not uncommon on mud in
the harbor; on decaying Zostera marina, Mattapoisett, September
1906. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. Noank. (Far-
low). On mud on margin of marsh pools. Cook’s Point; on muddy sand,
near high water mark, among Spartina, shore of The Gut, June. (Hol-
den). New York. On decayed algae. Fort Hamilton; Greenport. (Pike).
Fresh water. Somerset; in pools, Bound Brook. (Wolle). New Jersey.
With other algae, forming a brownish jelly, in a pool east of Camden.
(Wood). Newark Bay. (Pike). Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). Ne-
braska. In stagnant water, usually among other algae; also on damp
earth, on flower pots, in greenhouses at the University. Lincoln. (Saunders).

356. Anabaena oscillarioides Bory. Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire Natu-

relle. 1: 308. 1822. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. ..

Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 233. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 451. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. go. pl. 3. f. I.
a, b. 1872. (Cylindrospermum flexuosum Rab.). Wolle.
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 292. pl. 199. f. 13. 1887. Bennett. Plants of
Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Cata-
logue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Til-
den. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 87. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phyco-
phyta. Flora of Nebraska. 19. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae
collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895. Col-
lins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony and Beaver
Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts.
128. 1896. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 51. 1899.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 14. no. 656. 1900; Fasc.
I9. no. 907. 1902. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Ohio.
Ohio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 192. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes
of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

194 Minnesota Algae
Plate IX. fig. 20.

Plant mass gelatinous, dark green; trichomes 4.2-6 mic. in diameter,
with rotund apical cells; cells barrel-shaped, equal to the diameter in length,
or a little shorter or longer; heterocysts 6-8 mic. in diameter, spherical,
or 6 mic. in diameter and Io mic. in length, ovoid; gonidia 8-10 mic. in
diameter, 20-40 mic. in length, when young ovoid, finally becoming espe-
cially cylindrical, solitary or in series, with rounded apices, contiguous to
the heterocysts, developed centripetally; wall of gonidium smooth, in ma-
ture specimens very pale soot-colored.

Massachusetts. On dead leaves, in swamp near Bear’s Den Path, Middle-
sex Fells. (Collins). Wood’s Hole. (Humphrey and Miyabe). In still water.
West Falmouth. August 1896. (Humphrey). Rhode Island. Roger
Williams Park. (Bennett). Connecticut. Pool below Factory Pond,
Bridgeport. (Holden). New Jersey. In brackish ditches. (Wolle).
Pennsylvania. “In a dark little grotto, formed by shelving rocks.” Reading
Railroad, just above the Flat Rock tunnel; on wet ground by a horse-trough,
near west end of upper bridge at Manayunk; on banks of Schuylkill River,
in vicinity of Philadelphia. (Wood). On dripping rocks and on wet ground.
(Wolle). Ohio. (Kellerman). Illinois. Evanston. (Johnson). Min-
nesota. Second Creek, Lake City, Wabasha County. September 1804.
South Dakota. In a slough. Elm River, eight miles north of Aberdeen. May
1896. (Griffiths). Nebraska. In a small creek near Lincoln. (Saunders).
Montana. Helena. (Kelsey). Washington. On moist bank near bicycle
path. Madrona Park, Seattle. May 1901; floating on pools and lakes, or
on moist ground, Coupeville, Whidbey Island; Port Townsend. (Gardner).
California. San Francisco. (Setchell).

Var. elongata (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 236. De Toni. 1.
c. 453.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 293. 1808.

Heterocysts 7-9 mic. in diameter, very long, 6-18 mic. in length; go-
nidia up to 70 mic. in length.

South Dakota. Floating in stagnant water on prairie. Columbia. June
1897. (Griffiths).

Var. stenospora Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 236. De Toni. 1. c. 454.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 172, 1896; Cent. VI. no. 577. 1902.
Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 31. no. 1506. 1908.

Trichomes more slender; apical cell acute conical; gonidia 5-10 mic. in
diameter, 16-40 mic. in length, often two to eight in a chain; wall of go-
nidium smooth, colorless.

Massachusetts, Forming rather thin films on plants and boards in a
ditch. Eastham. August 1908. (Collins). Minnesota, Floating on surface
of shallow poo! on sandy or muddy beach. Minnesota Point, Duluth. August
IgOI. Colorado. On aquatic plants in slowly flowing stream in swamp.
Five miles southeast of Port Collins. July 1896. (Cowen).

Myxophyceae 195

357. Anabaena bornetiana Collins. New Cyanophyceae. Erythea. 4: 120.
1896; in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no.
208. 1896. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 457. 1907.

Trichomes 12 mic. in diameter, straight or somewhat flexuous; cells
spherical or slightly shorter than their diameter; heterocysts 13-14 mic.
in diameter, 13-20 mic. in length, spherical or occasionally oblong; go-
nidia 15-20 mic. in diameter, 50-90 mic. in length, cylindrical or more com-
monly tapering slightly from the middle to the rounded ends, contiguous
to heterocysts on each side; wall of gonidium smooth, translucent.

Massachusetts. Occurring usually in isolated filaments among other al-
gae in ditches and pools, often with other species of Anabaena. Malden,
Medford, Middlesex Fells. May, June 1896. (Collins).

358. Anabaena azollae Strasburger. Das Botanische Practicum. 352. f. 124.
1884. De Tomi. Syll. Algar. 5: 457. 1907.

Tilden, American Algae. Cent. II. no. 170. 1896; List of Fresh-Water
Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies.
2: 27. 1808. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am,. Fasc. 16. no.
754. 1900.

Sheaths not present; trichomes snake-like in shape, aggregated in
small bundles; cells 5 mic. in diameter, 8 mic. in length, usually somewhat
spherical or ellipsoidal, cylindrical, with rotund apices; heterocysts up to
Io mic. in diameter, oval, easily distinguished from the olive contents and
polar nodules (“cellulose buttons”); cell contents lead-colored-green; go-
nidia unknown.

Minnesota. In chambers in the leaves of Azolla caroliniana.
University Plant House, Minneapolis. September 1896. (Tilden). Cali-
fornia. Endophytic in Azolla caroliniana, growing in pools in the
bed of Los Angeles River, Los Angeles. November 1900. (Monks).

359. Anabaena confervoides Reinsch. On Fresh-Water Algae from Ker-
guelen’s Island, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 15: 208. 1877. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 461. 1907.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 482. 1901; Collection of Algae
from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112.
1901.

Plate IX. fig. 21.

Plant mass thin; trichomes 2.2-2.8 mic. in diameter, slender, extremely
long, very straight, parallel, surrounded by a common mucus; cells very
distinct, rectangular, slightly longer than broad; heterocysts a little larger
than the cells, elliptical; cell contents finally granular, pale blue-green;
gonidia unknown.

Hawaii. Floating at edge of taro patch. Near Hauula Courthouse,
Hauula, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

360. Anabaena cupressophila Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 288. pl. 198.
f. 1, 2, 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 458. 1907.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in

196 Minnesota Algae

New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889.
Plate IX. ‘fig. 22.

Plant mass gelatinous, somewhat membranaceous, deep blue-green;
filaments 7-8 mic. in diameter; sheaths delicate; trichomes moniliform,
slightly curved or nearly straight, more or less parallel; cells about half as
long as wide, sometimes separated; heterocysts compressed globose, homo-
geneous, brownish yellow; cell contents granular, light blue-green.

New Jersey. On the trunks of trees, low down near the water’s edge
in swamps. (Wolle).

361. Anabaena gelatinosa Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 38. pl. 2. f. 4. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 461. 1907.

Plant mass gelatinous, mucous, indefinitely expanded, somewhat pellu-
cid, with a brownish tinge; sheaths not present; trichomes somewhat
curved, rather distant, not entangled; cells globose; heterocysts about equal
to the cells in diameter, spherical or rarely oblong; cell contents homo-
geneous, light golden yellow or light blue-green; gonidia spherical, termi-
nal.

Pennsylvania. Near Philadelphia. (Wood).

362. Anabaena subrigida (Wood) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 461. 1907. Wood.
Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 42. pl. 3. f. 2. 1872.
(Dolichospermum sudrigidum Wood).

Plant mass floating; trichomes single, straight or nearly so, very small;
cells cylindrical or somewhat spherical, distinct; heterocysts cylindrical,
short, single, distinct; gonidia single or in pairs, slightly constricted in the
center, not contiguous to heterocysts; cell contents light green.

Pennsylvania. In scum floating on ditches. Near Philadelphia. (Wood).

a Genus APHANIZOMENON Morren.
Hist. Genre Nouv. Conf. 11: 11. 1838.

Colonies thin, feathery, plate-like or spindle-shaped bundles, blue-
green, floating; sheaths not present; trichomes short, tapering at the ends,
agglutinated; heterocysts scattered; gonidia cylindrical, much elongated,
sclitary, developed sparingly between the heterocysts.

363. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Linn.) Ralfs. On the Nostochineae. Ann.
Mag. of Nat. Hist. 5: 340. pl. 9. f. 6. 1850. Bornet and Flahault.
Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 241. 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 468. 1907.

Arthur. Some Algae of Minnesota Supposed to be Poisonous. Bull.
Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci. 2: (App.) 1. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.
S. 291. pl. 198. f. 7, 8. 1887. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. II. no. 173.
1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn.
Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1806. Riddle. Algae from Sandusky Bay. Ohio Nat.
3: 317. 1902. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S, Fish Comm.
Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.

Myxophyceae 197

Fasc. 23. no. 1107. 1903. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae which
cause “Water Bloom.” Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 53. pl. 14. f. 1. 1903. Riddle.
Brush Lake Algae. Ohio Nat. 5: 268. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1359. 1907.

Plate X. fig. 1.

Colonies small, aggregated in membranaceous flakes, fragile, blue-green;
trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, rigid, tapering at the ends; cells somewhat
quadrate, 5-15 mic. in length; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, 15-20 mic.
in length, somewhat cylindrical; gonidia 7-8 mic. in diameter, 60-80 mic. in
length, cylindrical, elongate, containing granular protoplasm; wall of go-
nidium smooth, colorless.

Massachusetts. Floating on quiet water. Medford. October 1906. (Lam-
bert). Ohio. Sandusky Bay; Brush Lake. (Riddle). Plankton. Put-in-Bay,
Lake Erie. (Snow). Minnesota. Lake Tetonka, Waterville. 1882. (Ar-
thur). Lake of the Woods. July 1894. (MacMillan). Lake Minnetonka.
1895. (Crocker). On surface of water around edges in quiet bays during
summer and early autumn. Long Lake, Hennepin County. September 1895.
(Shaver and Tilden). In a shallow lake in the depressions of the Fergus
Falls moraine, Fergus Falls. August 1900. (Ballard). California, Floating
on Lake Chabot, San Leandro. June 1902. (Gardner).

Genus CYLINDROSPERMUM Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 211. 1843.

Plant mass expanded, indefinite, mucous; sheaths not present; trich-
omes equal, short, embedded in an amorphous mucus; cells cylindrical,
longer than their diameter; heterocysts terminal, solitary; gonidia devel-
oped from the cell or cells next the heterocyst, generally solitary, rarely
seriate,

I Gonidia solitary.
1 Gonidia cylindrical, up to 4o mic. in length
(1) Gonidia 10-16 mic. in diameter, 32-40 mic. in length
C. stagnale
(2) Gonidia 11-12 mic. in diameter, 23-24 mic. in length
»C comatum
2 Gonidia oblong or ventricose-elliptical
(1) Wall of gonidium punctate
A Gonidia 10-15 mic. in diameter, 20-38 mic. in length, ventricose-
elliptical; wall of mature gonidium rough, punctate
C. majus
B_ Gonidia 6-6.5 mic. in diameter, 16-19 mic. in length, elliptical;
wall of gonidium very finely granular C. minutum

(2) Wall of gonidium smooth

A Gonidia 8-9 mic. in diameter, 18-20 mic. in length

C. minutissimum
B Gonidia 9-12 mic. in diameter, 18-20 mic. in length

C. muscicola

198 Minnesota Algae

C Gonidia 12-14 mic. in diameter, 20-38 mic. in length
C. licheniforme

JI Gonidia seriate C. catenatum

364. Cylindrospermum stagnale (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 250. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 472. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 4o. pl. 2. f. 7.
1872. (C. macrospermum Kg. Anabaena stagnalis Kg.)
Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 292. pl. 199. f. 6-8. 1887. Wolle and
Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Con-
spicuous Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 145. 1891. Tilden.
List of fresh-water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 1: 31. 1894. (Cylindrospermum limnicola Kuetz.) Col-
lins. Notes on Algae.—IV. Rhodora. 3: 289. 1901. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 856. 1901. Tilden. American Algae.
Cent. V. no. 481. 1901; Collecticn of Algae from’ the Hawaiian Islands.
Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. 1901; Algae collecting in the
Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Sta-
tion. 1: 168. 1902. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Ohio.
Ohio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atit-
lan and Amatitlan, Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 97. 1908. Bu-
chanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12. 1908.

Plate X. fig. 2.

Plant mass floccose, expanded, attached or floating; trichomes 3.8-4.5
mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints; cells up to three or four
times longer than their diameter; heterocysts 6-7 mic. in diameter, up to
16 mic. in length, somewhat spherical, often oblong; gonidia 10-16 mic.
in diameter, 32-40 mic. in length, cylindrical, with rotund apices; wall of
gonidium smooth, yellowish brown; cell contents pale blue-green.

Maine, Forming a dense bluish green or brownish scum on the surface
of an artificial pond at the Pogy Oil Factory, Bristol, near Round Pond
Village. July 1gor. (Collins). New Jersey. Frequent in wet places on
dead wood. (Wolle). South Carolina. “In bottom of shallow, slowly
running streams, adhering to ground or fallen leaves, etc., gelatinous, green.”
Near Aiken. September. (Ravenel). Ohio, (Kellerman). Minnesota.
Irving Chase Lake. July 1893. (Tilden). Iowa. Iowa City. (Hobby).
Montana. Ponds and semi-stagnant, mud-bottomed parts of streams in the
mountains and on the plains. Common throughout. June to November.
(Anderson and Kelsey). Central America. On surface of water. Lake
Amatitlan, Guatemala. February 1906. (Meek). Hawaii. On wet cliffs.
Laupahoehoe, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

365. Cylindrospermum comatum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae
North America. 41. pl. 2. f. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
293. pl. 199. f. 16. 1887.

Myxophyceae 199

Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 12.
1908.

Plate X. fig. 3.

Plant mass gelatinous, blue-green, sometimes tinged on the edges with
brown; trichomes 3 mic. in diameter, flexuous, equal, intricate, not spiral;
cells short cylindrical, equal to or more than twice as long as the diameter,
usually separated; apical cells somewhat spherical; gonidia 10-12 mic. in
diameter, 23-24 mic. in length, oblong-cylindrical, granular, yellowish brown;
wall of gonidium thick, distinctly granulate; cell contents granular, pale
blue-green.

Canada. Growing upon the ground in the marshes which border the
Niagara River, just above the Canadian Falls. (Wood). Iowa. Frequent
on wet soil along brooks. Grinnell. (Fink).

366. Cylindrospermum majus Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 212. 1843. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 252. 1888.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 474. 1907.

Collins, Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am., Fasc. 3. no. 106. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyano-
phyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 51. 1899. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 708. 1900; Fasc. 23. no. 1108. 1903. Collins. Phyco-
logical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate X. fig. 4.

Plant mass widely expanded, mucous, blackish green; trichomes 4-5
mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells 5-6 mic. in length, cylindrical;
heterocysts a little wider than the cells, up to Io mic. in length, oblong,
pale; gonidia I0-15 mic. in diameter, 20-38 mic. in length, ventricose-ellip-
tical; wall of mature gonidium rough, punctate.

Maine. Not immersed, but forming gelatinous masses on steep bank
above the shore. South Harpswell. July 1903. (Collins). Massachusetts.
Newton. (Farlow). On walls of B. and A. R. R. tunnel. (Wood). Con-
nécticut. Investing grasses, Utricularia, etc., in still water. Pool below
Factory Pond, Bridgeport. September 1891. (Holden). California, In a
slow stream near Pasadena. (McClatchie).

367. Cylindrospermum minutum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae
North America. 39. pl. 2. f. 6. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 475.

1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 202. pl. 199. f. 11. 1887. (C. limni-
cola Wolle). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of

Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 607. 1889. Bessey.
Miscellaneous Additions to the Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska.
46. 1893. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. Io. pl. 1.
f. 11. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota
during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 31. 1894.

oe Minnesota Algae

Plate X. fig. 5.

Plant mass rust-colored, gelatinous; trichomes 2.8 mic. in diameter, gen-
erally curved and entangled, sometimes straight, more or less constricted
at the joints; cells cylindrical; heterocysts hirsute, spherical; gonidia 6-6.5
mic. in diameter, 16-19 mic. in length, elliptical, very minutely granulate;
cell contents homogeneous or granular, light blue-green.

New Jersey. Forming, with other algae, a ferruginous brown, gelatinous
mass, growing in a deep, shaded, very stagnant pool. Spring Garden.
(Wood). In wet places on dead wood. (Wolle). Minnesota. Irving
Chase Lake. July 1893. (Tilden). Nebraska. Lincoln. (Bessey). Forms
light green, slimy strata on pots in greenhouse. Lincoln. (Saunders).

368. Cylindrospermum minutissimum Collins. New Cyanophyceae. Erythea.
4: 120. 1896; Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
26. no. 1256. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 472. 1907.

Plant mass loose, blue-green; trichomes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, straight,
not constricted at joints; cells cylindrical, very slender, 4-5 mic. in length;
heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, 7-8 mic. in length, cylindrical-oblong; go-
nidia 8-9 mic. in diameter, 18-20 mic. in length; wall of gonidium smooth,
translucent (in not quite ripe gonidia).

Massachusetts, Among other algae ‘in a scum in a ditch. Malden. Octo-
ber 1890. (Collins).

369. Cylindrospermum muscicola Kuetzing. Phyc. Germ. 173. 1845. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 254.
1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 477. 1907.

Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Tilden. American Algae.
Cent. II. no. 174. 1896. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts
Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern Amer-
ica. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 193. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1306. 1906.

Plate X. fig. 6.

Plant mass expanded, mucous, blackish greén; trichomes 3-4.7 mic. in
diameter, cylindrical, slightly constricted at joints; cells 4 mic. in length;
heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, 5-7 mic. in length, oblong; gonidia Q-12
mic. in diameter, 10-20 mic. in length, oval, orange brown; wall of go-
nidium smooth; cell contents pale blue-green.

Maine. On steep, wet clay bank. Harpswell. July 1906. (Collins).
Massachusetts, Cambridge. (Farlow). On moist ground, Medford. Septem-
ber 1906. (Lambert). Washington. In a small stream of running water.
Orcas Island. (Gardner). California, In slowly running water. Pasadena.
December 1895. (McClatchie). West Indies. On sides of basin. Constant
Spring; on sand at edge of river, Castleton, April 1893. (Humphrey).

370. Cylindrospermum licheniforme, (Bory) Kuetzing. Diagnosen und Be-
merkungen. Bot. Zeit. 5: 197. 1847. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 253. 1888. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 476. 1907.

Myxophyceae 201

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 309. 1897.
Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 52. 1899. Tilden.
American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 575. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of
Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 193. 1903.

Plant mass mucous, orbicular-confluent, finally becoming widely ex-
panded, very deep blackish green; trichomes 4.2 mic. in diameter, slightly
constricted at joints; cells 4-5 mic. in length; heterocysts 5-6 mic. in diame-
ter, 7-12 mic. in length, oblong; gonidia 12-14 mic. in diameter, 20-38 mic.
in length, oblong or ventricose-elliptical, with truncate apices; wall of go-
nidium smooth, brownish or reddish; cell contents pale blue-green.

New York. Ithaca. (Atkinson). Minnesota, On stones at edge of
river, near quarry. St. Louis River, Fond du Lac, near Duluth. August rgor.
(Tilden). Washington. On mud or moist sand. Near Oak Harbor, Whid-
bey Island; near Mt. Vernon, Skagit County; near Seattle. (Gardner).
California. Growing upon a bank within reach of salt spray. Bolinas, Marin
County. (Setchell).

371. Cylindrospermum catenatum Ralfs. On the Nostochineae. Ann. and
Mag. of Nat. Hist. 5: 338. 1850. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 254. 1888. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 477. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 11. no. 505. 1808.
Collins. Notes on Algae.—I. Rhodora. 1: 9. 1899. Tilden. American Al-
gae. Cent. IV. no. 395. 1900. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwest-
ern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 193. 1903.

Plate X. fig. 7.

Plant mass mucous, orbicular-confluent, indefinite, blackish green; trich-
omes 4 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells 4-5 mic. in length;
heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic. in length, oblong; gonidia 7-10 mic.
in diameter, 13-18 mic. in length, oblong, two to eight in series; wall of go-
nidium smooth, orange brown,

Massachusetts. Forming a dark thin coating on the ground, looking
as if a little black paint had been spilled and dried. On moist earth near
Snot Pond. Middlesex Fells. August and September 1897. (Collins). Wash-
ington, Floating in stagnant place in stream. Tracyton, Kitsap County. July
1898. (Tilden). Hawaii, At edge of mountain stream. Kaliuwaa Stream,
Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden). ‘

Genus RICHELIA Johs. Schm.
Vid. Medd. Nat. Foren Kjob. 147. 1901.

Sheaths not present; trichomes single, endophytic; heterocysts solitary,
situated at the base of the trichome.

Richelia intracellularis J. Schm. Plankton fra det Rode Hav og
Adenbugten. Vid. Medd. fra. d. Nat. Foren. Kjob. 147. 1901. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 480. 1907.

472.

202 Minnesota Algae

Plate X. fig. 8.

Trichomes 5.6-9.8 mic. in diameter, 50-105 mic. in length, short,
straight or nearly straight, thickened at the apices, living as endophytes
in the cells of Rhizosoleniae styliformis; heterocysts 9.8-
11.2 mic. in diameter, spherical or somewhat spherical, single, basal; cells
somewhat spherical or barrel-shaped; apical cell often a little larger than
the others, somewhat spherical; cell contents finely granular, or showing
a few large granules, pale blue-green.

Hawaii, Plankton. On Rhizosolenia and Hemiaulus deli-
catulus Lemm. (Schauinsland).

Genus AULOSIRA Kirchner.
Krypt. von Schles. Algen. 238. 1878.

Filaments free, equal, scattered or in fascicles; sheaths membranaceous,
close; cells cylindrical or barrel-shaped; heterocysts intercalary; gonidia
developed at intervals between the heterocysts, remote from or contiguous
to them, cylindrical, in catenate series.

373. Aulosira schauinslandii Lemmermann. Die Algenflora der Sandwich-

Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 622. pl. 7. f. 9-11. 1905. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 482. 1907.

Plate X. fig. 9.

Filaments 10-11 mic. in diameter, flexuous or spiral; sheaths firm,
colorless; trichomes 9.5 mic. in diameter, slightly constricted at joints;
apical cell hemispherical, about 8 mic. in length, containing coarse gran-
ules; cells 3 mic. in length, short; heterocysts usually 9.5 mic. in diameter,
II mic. in length, always intercalary, somewhat spherical or cylindrical;
gonidia not known.

’

Hawaii. On Turbinaria. Laysan. (Schauinsland).

Genus MICROCHAETE Thuret.
Essai Class, Nostochinées, 7. 1875.

Plants small, living in fresh or salt water, aggregated into star-shaped
or cushion-shaped tufts; filaments unbranched, erect, attached at the base;
sheaths present; trichomes single within the sheath; heterocysts basal and
intercalary; gonidia developed from the lower cells.

I Plants living in fresh water; heterocysts basal and intercalary.
1. Filaments 4.4-5.1 mic. in diameter; sheaths colorless, wide
M. tenuissima
2 Filaments 10 mic. in diameter; sheaths simple, thin, close
M. tenera

3 Filaments 16-18 mic. in diameter; sheaths at first thin, later be-
coming lamellose, colorless M. robusta

Myxophyceae 203

Il Plants living in salt water; heterocysts basal.
1 Plant mass densely caespitose; filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, thick-
ened into a bulb at the base M. grisea
2 Plant mass loosely caespitose; filaments 7-9 mic. in diameter, flex-

uous, scarcely thickened at base
M. vitiensis:

374. Microchaete tenuissima W. and G. S. West. On some Freshwater Algae
from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 269. pl. 14. f.
7-11, 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 484. 1907.
West and West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of
the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 286. 1899.

Plate X. fig. 10.

Filaments 4.4-5.1 mic. in diameter, very slender, somewhat entangled,
twisted; sheaths transparent, colorless, wide; trichomes 1-1.8 mic.
in diameter; cells elongate, 5-16 mic. in length, the younger cells shorter
and wider; heterocysts 2-2.4 mic. in diameter, 3.5-6.5 mic. in length, some-
what quadrate or oblong, intercalary.

West Indies, Amongst Symploca cuspidata on trees, summit
of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet). November and December 1892; on rocks,
Castle Bruce River (2,000-3,000 feet), Dominica. January and February
1896. (Elliott).

375. Microchaete tenera Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. 7. 1875. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 84.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 482. 1907.
Setchell, Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 22: 427. 1895. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 194. 1903.

Plate X. fig. 11.

Plant mass small, star-shaped; filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, 1 mm.
in length, curved at the base, slightly flexuous; sheaths thin, close, uni-
form, colorless; trichomes 5 mic. in diameter; lower cells twice as long as
their diameter, upper cells equal in length to their diameter; heterocysts
basal, oblong, cylindrical, intercalary.

Alaska. Forming gray tufts on dripping rocks. Walls of Amaknak
Cave, Amaknak Island, Bay of Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Con-
necticut. Mixed with various, gelatinous algae, occurring upon dripping
rocks near Norwich and New Haven. (Setchell).

376. Microchaete robusta Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 194. 1903. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 483. 1907.

Plant mass forming a tuft or star-shaped cluster on water weeds; fila-
ments 16-18 mic. in diameter, elongate and extremely cylindrical, decum-
bent at the very base, but scarcely thickened; sheaths at first thin, later
becoming lamellose, colorless; trichomes 12 mic. in diameter, composed

204 Minnesota Algae

of cells which are quadrate or slightly longer than broad in the lower por-
tion and shortened to one-third as long as broad in the upper part; cells
6-16 mic. in length; heterocysts basal and intercalary, the former being
spherical or nearly so, while the latter are elongated and rectangular;
cell contents finely granular, blue-green.

Washington. In ponds of fresh water, near Seattle. (Kincaid). "

377. Microchaete grisea Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. 7. 1875. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 85. 1887.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 485. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae IV. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 11: 130. 1884. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
4. no. 158. 1896. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate X. fig. 12.

Plant mass densely caespitose, tomentose, orbicular, dull green, be-
coming violet when dried; filaments 6-7 mic. in diameter, 1 mm. in length,
curved at the bulbous base, soon becoming erect, densely crowded; sheaths
thin, close, continuous, colorless; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter; cells
shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal, hemispherical.

Canada, Forming patches on Fucus evanescens, Malpeque,
Prince Edward Island. (Faull). Maine. On Zostera marina Goose
Creek, Cape Rosier. July 1895. (Collins). Massachusetts. On an old
pecten shell in company with Calothrix crustacea. West Falmouth.
(Collins). Connecticut. On stranded stump. Seaside Park. November.
(Holden).

378. Microchaete vitiensis Askenasy in Bornet and Flahault. Tableau
synopt. des Nostochacées filamenteuses hétérocystées. 22. 1885.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
5: 85. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 485. 197.

Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Plant mass loosely caespitose, tomentose, short; filaments 7-9 mic.
in diameter, scarcely attaining 1 mm. in length, curved and slightly thick-
ened at the base, above slightly tapering, erect, flexuous; sheaths thin,
close, colorless; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter; cells a little shorter than
their diameter; heterocysts basal.

Hawaii. Growing on Liagora coarctata. Laysan. 1896-1897.

(Schauinsland).

Genus HORMOTHAMNION Grunow.
Reise d. Freg. Novara. 31. 1867.

Plant mass formed from filaments growing together in a longitudinal
manner, sometimes developing as an expanded layer, sometimes erect,
filiform, torn and branched, not surrounded by a common gelatinous tegu-
ment; sheaths membranaceous, thin, often diffluent, colorless; trichomes

Myxophyceae 205

moniliform; usually many within the sheath; heterocysts intercalary; go-
nidia not known.

I Plant mass floccose, entangled; trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter.
H. solutum

II Plant mass erect, caespitose, resembling Symploca; trichomes 6-7 mic.
in diameter H. enteromorphoi-
des.

379. Hormothamnion solutum Bornet and Grunow in Bornet and Flahault.
Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 259. 1888. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 486. 1907.
Lemmermann, Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Plant mass floccose, entangled, mucous, green or blue-green; filaments
12-15 mic. in diameter, 5-6 mm. in length, soft, flaccid, free or coalesced
in numerous fascicles, erect; sheaths membranaceous, firm, colorless;
trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells disc-shaped,
depressed, three or four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts
somewhat quadrate. 7

Hawaii. (Grunow).

380. Hormothamnion enteromorphoides Grunow. Reise seiner Majestat
Fregatte Novara um die Erde. Bot. Theil. 1: 31. 1867. Bornet and
Thuret. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 7: 260. 1888.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 486. 1907.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 29. 1865. (Sp hae-
rozyga microcoleiformis Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the
Marine Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 56. 1895. Col-
lins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. I90I.
Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Barbade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII.
I: 55. 1905. :

Plate X. fig. 13.

Plant mass at first mucous, confluent, agglutinated, green or blue-green,
when older caespitose, formed from simple, erect, soft fascicles, rising from
a prostrate base, fastigiately branched; branches tapering at the apices;
filaments 7-9 mic. in diameter; sheaths mucous, colorless, delicate; trich-
cmes 6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-10 mic. in length,

Florida. Key West, Tortugas. (Farlow). West Indies. Guadeloupe.
(Duchassaing). In tufts from sandy bottom in shallow water. St. Ann’s
Bay. March 1893; on coral reef, Navy Island, Jamaica. July 1897. (Hum-
phrey). Near Kingston, Jamaica. May 1g9o01. (Duerden). Barbados. (Vick-
ers).

Family III. SCYTONEMACEAE

Filaments branched; false branches formed by the perforation of the
sheath by the trichome which thereupon issues as one or two long, flex-

206 Minnesota Algae _

uous branches each developing a sheath of its own; sheaths homogeneous
and colorless, or lamellose and yellowish or brownish, firm, tubular; trich-
omes consisting of a single row of cells, one or more included in a sheath;
heterocysts and gonidia variously disposed; reproduction by means of
vegetative division, homogones and gonidia.

I. Trichomes single within the sheath

1 Heterocysts not present; filaments free or forming felt-like masses,
branched; false branches often in pairs Plectonema
2 Heterocysts present

(1) False branches usually arising between two heterocysts, single or
in pairs; sheaths delicate or very thick, parallel, or more or
less diverging towards the apex Scytonema

(2) False branches usually arising in the immediate region of the
heterocysts, single; sheaths somewhat thin, flexible, more or
less fragile Tolypothrix

II Trichomes or filaments several within the sheath.
1 Filaments straight, associated in tufts; sheaths thin; trichomes two
or more within the sheath; heterocysts basal Desmonema
2 Filaments several contorted within a common tegument, associated
in a gelatinous stratum; trichomes single within the sheath
ie. Diplocolon

Genus PLECTONEMA Thuret.
Essai Class. Nostochinées. 375, 379. 1875.

Filaments free or forming felt-like masses, branched; false branches
solitary or in pairs; sheaths firm, colorless or rarely yellowish orange;
trichomes frequently constricted at the joints; apex of trichome straight,
very rarely tapering; calyptra none.

J Plants large, caespitose; trichomes 3 mic. and more in diameter.
1 Plant mass caespitose, rotund, light green; trichomes 5-10 mic. in
diameter, here and there constricted at joints

P. tenue
2 Plant mass caespitose, indefinite, brownish green; trichomes I1-22
mic. in diameter P, tomasinianum

3 Plant mass widely expanded, indefinite, blackish, rarely yellowish
green; trichomes 28-47 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints
P. wollei
II Plant mass very thin, not caespitose; trichomes I-4 mic. in diameter,
1 Filaments somewhat flexuous, immersed in dead shells; trichomes
.Q-I.5 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints
P. terebrans
2 Filaments somewhat straight, growing among various gelatinous al-
gae; trichomes I-1.5 mic. in diameter P. nostocorum
3 Filaments usually strongly flexuous, densely entangled in a rose-
colored membrane; trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter
P. roseolum

Myxophyceae 207

.4 Filaments long, entangled, flexuous, much branched, forming a rose-
colored or reddish brown mass adhering to rocks or larger algae;
trichomes 1.2-2 mic. in diameter P. golenkinianum

5 Filaments very long, entangled in dense balls; trichomes 2-2.5 mic.
in diameter P. calothrichoides
6 Filaments long, flexuous, much branched, forming a black or brown-
ish green mass; trichomes 2-3.5 mic. in diameter
P. battersii

381. Plectonema tenue Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VI. 1: 380. 1875. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 121. pl. 1. f. 5, 6.
1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 492. 1907.
Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook
and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission. 127.
1896.

Plate XI, fig. 1, 2.

Plant mass caespitose, rotund, light green; filaments graceful, elongate,
much branched; false branches usually in pairs; sheaths at first colorless
and very thin, later becoming thick, and yellowish orange in color; trich-
omes 5-I0 mic. in diameter, here and there constricted at joints, tapering
at the apex; apical cell tapering, obtuse conical; cells 2-6 mic. in length;
transverse walls not granulated; cell contents finely granular, pale blue-
green.

Massachusetts, Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells. (Collins).

382. Plectonema tomasinianum (Kuetzing) Bornet. Les Nostocacées hé-
térocystées du Systema Algarum de C. Agardh (1824) et leur
Synonymie actuelle. (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: 155. 1880.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 119. 1893.. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 490.
1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 59. pl. 8. f. 6.
1872. (Scytonema nagelii (Kg.) Wood). Rabenhorst. Die Algen
Europas. no. 2493. 1877. (P. mirabile Thur.). Wolle. Fresh Water
Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 285. 1879. (Calothrix mirabilis
Ag.). Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 391. 1880.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. VII. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10: 20. 1883; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 266. pl. 181. f. 12-15. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode
Island. 114. 1888. (Scytonema natans Bréb.). Wolle and Martin-
dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv.
N. J. 2: 603. 1889. (Calothrix brebissonii Kg.). Snow. The
Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392.

1903.
Plate XI. fig. 3.

Plant mass caespitose, more or less expanded, brownish green or rarely
dull blue-green, up to 2 cm. in height; filaments entangled, flexible, usually
flexuous, repeatedly branched; false branches often in pairs, issuing in an
erect, spreading or oblique manner; sheaths at first thin, colorless, with age

208 Minnesota Algae

-becoming lamellose, yellowish brown and up to 3 mic. in thickness; trich-
omes II-22 mic. in diameter, constricted at the joints; apical cell rotund;
cells 3-9 mic. in length; transverse walls sometimes granulated; cell con-
tents often filled with coarse granules, blue-green.

Rhode Island. Quidnessett. (Bennett). New Jersey. Frequent on
stones in ponds or floating. Hammonton. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Form-
ing little dark green mats, growing attached to mosses in large spring that
supplies Bellefonte with water. (Wood). In spring. Bethlehem. (Wolle).
Maryland. Falls of Deep Creek. (Smith). Ohio. Plankton. Lake Erie.
Put-in-Bay. (Snow). Minnesota. Minneapolis. (Wolle).

383. Plectonema wollei Farlow. Remarks on some Algae found in the
Water Supplies of the City of Boston. Bull. Bussey Inst. 77. 1875.
Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. pl. 1. f. 1. 118. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 489. 1907.
Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2440. 1876. (Lyngbya wollei
Farlow). Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 46.

1877-1889. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 279.
£870. Farlow. On some Impurities of Drinking-Water caused by Vege-
table Growths. Supp. First Ann. Rep. Mass. State Bd. Health. 131. 1880.
Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 297. pl. 200. f. 6-8. 1887. Collins, Algae
of Middlesex County. 14. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114.
1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 608. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 55. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Cent.
II. no. 177. 1896; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota dur-
ing 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of
Lake Erie. U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Collins. Phyco-
logical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 236. 1905.

Plate XI, fig. 4, 5.

Plant mass caespitose, floating, blackish, rarely yellowish green; fila-
ments woolly, entangled, fragile (in dried specimens), somewhat straight
or variously curved, slightly branched; false branches solitary, rarely in
‘pairs, issuing in an oblique manner; sheaths colorless, sometimes yellowish
orange, lamellose with age, roughened in outline, up to 10 mic. in thickness;
trichomes 28-47 mic. in diameter, not constricted at joints; apical cell
rotund; cells 4-9 mic. in length; transverse walls not granulated; cell con-
tents finely granular, blackish or blue-green.

Massachusetts. Attached to stones in rivers. (Wolle). Washed ashore in
large quantities. Horn Pond, Woburn; August 1890; Lake Quannapowitt,
Wakefield. (Collins). Rhode Island. Providence. (Bennett). Con-
necticut. Attached to stones in swift water. Housatonic River, below
Great Falls, near New Milford. October 1890. (Holden). New Jersey.
“The floating mass was fully ten yards long, 2-3 yards wide, a foot or more
in thickness, and so densely matted, it was impossible to break through
with a row-boat.” In pond near Stanhope; Sussex; Lake Hopatcong, Swarts-

Myxophyceae 209

wood Pond. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Bethlehem. (Wolle). Florida.
(Wolle). South Carolina. Strouds. August, October 1896. (Green). Ohio,
Plankton. Lake Erie, Put-in-Bay. (Snow). Minnesota. Forming large
masses, dark, nearly black in color, on surface of stagnant lake. Long Lake,
Hennepin County. September 1895. (Shaver and Tilden). Central America.
Nicaragua. (Agardh). West Indies. In rapid current of stream. ‘‘Roar-
ing River,” St. Ann’s, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Morant Bay.
August 1894. (Pease and Butler).

384. Plectonema terebrans Bornet and Flahault. Sur quelques Plantes
vivant dans le Test Calcaire des Mollusques. Bull. Soc. Bot. de
France. 36: CLXIII. pl. 10. f. 5, 6. 1889. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill.
123. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 497. 1907.

Collins. Some Perforating and other Algae on Fresh-Water Shells.
Erythea. 5: 95. 1897. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
7. no. 306. 1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1357. 1907.

Plate XI. fig. 6.

Filaments slender, elongate, flexuous, branched; false branches often
solitary; sheaths very thin, colorless, cylindrical; trichomes .9-1.5 mic. in
diameter, not constricted at joints; cells 2-6 mic. in length; apical cell ro-
tund; transverse walls marked by two refringent granules; cell contents
pale blue-green.

Maine. In live shells of Littorina, in company with Hyella
caespitosa. Cape Rosier. July 190%. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Col-
lins). Connecticut. In Unio shells. Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield
County. August 1895. (Setchell and Holden). “Very abundant all through
the shells, and when the latter were decalcified, formed a dense mat
which made it rather difficult to distinguish the other algae that grew in
company with it.’—Collins. In marine shells with other algae. Harbor.
September, October. (Holden).

385. Plectonema nostocorum Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algolo-
giques. 2: 137. 1880. Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 122, pl. 1. f. 11. 1893.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 495. 1907.

Collins. Notes on Algae.—III. Rhodora. 3: 133. 1901; The Algae of
Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 240. 1901; Algae of the Flume.
Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 24. no. 1164. 1904. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.

Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.
Plate XI. fig. 7.

Filaments graceful, elongate, somewhat straight, at first much branched,
later sparingly branched; false branches solitary or in pairs; sheaths color-
less, very thin, cylindrical; trichomes 1-1.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at

210 Minnesota Algae

joints; apical cell rotund; cells 2-2.5 mic> in length; transverse walls not
granulated.

Maine. In the gelatine of a small Nostoc, growing in a watering
trough by the side of the road from Seal Harbor to Jordan Pond, Mount
Desert. July 1900. (Collins). New Hampshire. In a gelatinous mass on
a wet cliff. Wanalancet Falls, Tamworth. August 1903; with other algae in
masses of translucent gelatine, on walls of the “Flume,” September 1904.
(Collins). West Indies. Among Gloeocapsa quaternata. Bath,

Jamaica. July 1900. (Pease and Butler). Hawaii. In hot water. Kilauea,
Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

386. Plectonema roseolum (Richter) Gomont. Monogr. Oscill. 122. pl. 1.
f. 9, 10. 1893. De Toni. Syll. Algar: 5: 494. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 188. 1903.

Plate XI. fig. 8.

Plant mass gelatinous, rose-colored, when dried becoming papery,
adhering to the paper; filaments densely entangled, strongly tortuous and
abundantly branched, sometimes less tortuous and sparingly branched;
false branches solitary or in pairs; sheaths colorless, usually thick, firm,
irregular in outline; trichomes 1.2-1.8 mic. in diameter, not constricted at
joints; apical cell rotund; transverse walls marked by two protoplasmic
granules; cell contents very pale rose-color.

Alaska. On dripping rocks. West shore of Amaknak Island. Bay of
Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).

287. Plectonema golenkinianum Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariées Nou-
velles. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 46: 35. pl. 1. £. 11. 1899. De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 494. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 603. 1899.
Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rho-
dora. 2: 42. 1900; Notes on Algae.—VI. Rhodora. 5: 233. 1903.

Plate XI. fig. 9.

Forming a rose-colored or reddish brown mass, adhering to rocks or
larger algae; filaments entangled, elongate, flexuous, abundantly and re-
peatedly branched; false branches spreading, elongate, in pairs, more
slender than the primary filament; sheaths colorless, somewhat thick; trich-
omes 1.2-2 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apical cell rotund; cells
shorter than their diameter; cell contents homogeneous, rose-colored.

Maine. Forming a reddish brown coating on wet cliffs, and especially
in “grottoes.” Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay. July 1893. (Collins).

388. Plectonema calothrichoides Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariées Nou-
velles. Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 46: 30. pl. 1. f. 6-10. 1899. De

Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 496. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 13. no. 604. 1899.

Myxophyceae 211

Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rho-
dora, 2: 42. 1900.

Plate XI. fig. 10.

In a crust formed by various blue-green algae; filaments scarcely
elongate, entangled in dense balls, radial because of pressure, strongly
tortuous, tapering at the apices, branched; false branches in pairs, spread-
ing, often parallel; sheaths thick and orange brown in the middle portion
of the filament, gradually becoming thinner and faded at the ends; trich-
omes 2-2.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; apical cell rotund; cells
shorter than their diameter, cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts, Marblehead. January 1889; with other algae, on rocks
near high water mark, Nahant, June 1889. (Collins).

389. Plectonema battersii Gomont. Sur quelques Oscillariées Nouvelles.
Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 46: 36. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
495. 1907.
Collins, An Algologist’s Vacation in Eastern Maine. Rhodora. 4: 177.
1902; Notes on Algae.—VI. Rhodora. 5: 233. 1903. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 22. no. 1060. 1903.

Plant mass blackish or brownish green; filaments elongate, flexuous,
abundantly and repeatedly branched; false branches usually in pairs, more
slender than the main filaments; sheaths colorless, somewhat thick in the
main filaments; trichomes 2-3.5 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, with
somewhat tapering apices; apical cell rotund; cells shorter than their
diameter; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green.

Maine. In a runway on rocks from upper pools. Brownie Island, Jones-
port. July 1902; Harpswell. (Collins). Massachusetts. Marblehead Neck.
August 1902. (Collins).

Genus SCYTONEMA Agardh. Syst. Algar. 26. 1824.

Filaments branched; false branches usually arising between two hetero-
cysts, solitary or in pairs, formed by the lateral perforation of the sheath
by the trichome; trichomes single within the sheath, straight; hormogones
terminal, solitary; gonidia spherical or oval, observed in a few species;
wall of gonidium thin, smooth.

I Sheaths homogeneous or formed of parallel layers.

1 Plants living in fresh water

(1) Filaments 5-8 mic. in diameter S. conchophilum
(2) Filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter S. arcangelii

(3) Filaments 18-24 mic. in diameter S. coactile

(4) Filaments about 30 mic. in diameter S. rivulare

(5s) Filaments 36 mic. in diameter S. occidentale
(6) Filaments 16-36 mic. in diameter S. crispum

2 Plants living in warm water
(1) Filaments 16 mic. in diameter S. caldarium

212

II

(2) Filaments 25 mic. in diameter
3. Plants living on soil, rocks, or bark, not submerged

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

(8)

(9)

(10) Filaments 20-25 mic. in diameter
(11) Filaments 16-30 mic. in diameter

Filaments
Filaments
Filaments
Filaments
Filaments
Filaments
Filaments

7-15 mic. in diameter

Q-I5 mic. in diameter

12-15 mic. in diameter
10-18 mic. in diameter
up to 20 mic. in diameter
15-20 mic. in diameter

Minnesota Algae

S. azureum

S. hofmanni
. varium

Ss

S. javanicum
S. ocellatum
s

. intertextum
S. austinii

15-21 mic. in diameter; cells compressed

S. millei

Filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or

elongate
Filaments 19-24 mic. in diameter

S. guyanense
S. amplum
S. wolleanum
S. stuposum

Sheaths lamellose, with diverging layers; plants usually living on soil

or rocks, not submerged.

Filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter

Filaments 12-18 mic. in diameter

Filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter

Filaments 18-36 mic. in diameter

Filaments 40-75 mic. in diameter

S. tolypotrichoides
S. flavo-viride

S. mirabile

S. myochrous

S. badium

Sheaths thick, lamellose, forming wings or membranaceous expan-

Plants living in water
(1) Plants living in salt water; filaments 28-50 mic. in diameter

sions (ocreae); branches in basal portion of filament issuing in
pairs, those in the upper portion solitary.

S. fuliginosum

(2) Plants living in fresh water, on dripping rocks or submerged

Plants living on damp rocks or cn bark
(1) Filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter

(2) Filaments 15-30 mic. in diameter
(3) Filaments 24-40 mic. in diameter

Species not well understood

S. alatum

S. junipericolum
S. crustaceum
S. densum

S. bornetianum
S. dubium

S. hirtulum

S. immersum

S. polymorphum
S. rubrum

S. simplex

Myxophyceae 213
390. Scytonema conchophilum Humphrey in Collins. The Algae of Jamaica.

Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 52. 1895.

Plant mass having the form of gray, postular roughenings on shells;
filaments 5-8 mic, in diameter, irregularly branched; false branches single
or in pairs, with rounded apices; sheaths rather thin, deep yellow, homo-
geneous, when old rough on the outside, colorless and thin at growing tips;
trichomes 2.7-4.5 mic. in diameter; cells two-thirds to twice as long as.
broad; heterocysts 5 mic. in diameter, spherical or slightly elongated, rarely
two or three together, intercalary; cell contents pale bluish green.

West Indies. On old conch shell, Mastigocoleus testarum oc-

curring on inside of same shell. Port Antonio. March 1893; Kingston,.
Jamaica. June 1897. (Humphrey).

391. Scytonema arcangelii Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 92. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 502. 1907.
Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 190I..
Plant mass cushion-shaped, 3-4 mm. in height, expanded, gray or
greenish; filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter, entangled in fascicles; false
branches long, flexuous; sheaths membranaceous, thin, colorless; trichomes.
JO-14 mic. in diameter; cells disc-shaped or somewhat quadrate; hetero-
cysts somewhat quadrate, colorless or yellowish.

West Indies. On moist rocks by spring. Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893..
(Humphrey).

392. Scytonema coactile Montagne in Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 305. 1849.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
5: 90. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 501. 1907.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1865. Mazé
and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34-36. 1870-1877. (S. coac-
tile radians Crouan, S.elegans antillarum Crouan, Tolypo-
thrix guadelupensis Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine.
Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

Plant mass caespitose, woolly, silky, radiately expanded, green or blue-
green, up to 15 cm. in diameter; filaments 18-24 mic. in diameter, 4 cm. and.
more in length; false branches long, erect, spreading; sheaths firm, mem-.
branaceous, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 12-18 mic. in diameter; cells
somewhat quadrate or longer than the diameter; heterocysts somewhat rare,.
somewhat quadrate.

West Indies. At first attached, finally floating free in stagnant water
(Perrottet, Montagne).

393. Scytonema rivulare Borzi. Morfologia e Biologia delle Alghe Fico-
cromacee. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 373. 1879. Bornet and Fla-.
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 91. 1887. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 501. 1907.

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. V. no. 479. 1901; Collection of Algae

from the Hawaiian Islands. Haw. Almanac and Annual for 1902. III. 1901..

214 Minnesota Algae

Plate XI. fig. 11, 12.

Plant mass widely expanded, woolly, blackish, verging towards red;
filaments about 30 mic. in diameter, sparingly branched, variously flexuous
or curved; sheaths firm, close, homogeneous, “glassy,” up to 5 mic. in
thickness; cells quadrate or shorter than wide; heterocysts having the
form and size of the vegetative cells, orange or yellowish; gonidia spheri-
cal, blackish or lead-colored; wall of gonidium firm, smooth; cell con-
tents distinctly granular, lead-colored becoming purple.

Hawaii. Forming dark brownish or purplish red cushions on stones
in mountain stream. Kaliawaa stream, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900.
(Tilden).

394. Scytonema occidentale Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Ery-
thea. 7: 49. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 503. 1907.

Plate XI. fig. 13, 14.

Forming tufts of a somewhat rigid consistency and of a black color;
filaments 36 mic. in diameter, decumbent at base, branched; false branches
21-27 mic. in diameter, usually in pairs, erect, flexuous, free or included
for a longer or shorter distance within a common sheath; sheaths thick,
gelatinous, roughened, made up of parallel layers; trichomes 18-30 mic.
in diameter; cells 9-12 mic. in length, those in the hormogones much
shorter, 3 mic. in length; cell contents grayish violet.

California. Growing upon bare smooth rock bed of La Jota Creek, just
above the Falls, on Howell Mt., near St. Helena, Napa County. (Setchell).

295. Scytonema crispum (Agardh) Bornet. Les Nostocacées hétérocystées
du Systema Algarum de C. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymie actu-
elle (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: 156. 1889. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 89. 1887. (S.
cincinnatum Thur.) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 498. 1907.

Dickie. Fresh-water Algae. Brown’s Florula Discoana. Contributions to
the Phyto-Geography of Greenland within the Parallels of 68° and 70° North

Latitude. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 9: 464. 1868. (L. cincinnata Kg.)

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 183. 1877. Nord-

stedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a

Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 6. 1878. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. V.

Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 38. 1881; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 254. pl. 185. f.

8-10. 1887. Johnson and Atwell. Fresh Water Algae. Northwestern Uni-

versity. Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 20. 1890. Setchell. Notes on some Cyan-

ophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895. Collins,

Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 60. 1895; Fasc. 14. no.

655. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions to the Reported Flora

of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 14. 1901. Collins. The Algae of

Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Tilden. American Al-

gae. Cent. V. no. 480. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1902. 112. rgo1. Collins. Phycological

Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Lemmer-

Myxophyceae 215

mann, Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905. Tilden.
American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 632. 1909.

Plate XI. fig. 15.

Plant mass caespitose, entangled, woolly, green, becoming brown or
olive; filaments 16-36 mic. in diameter, 3 cm. and more in length, curled,
branched; sheaths firm, membranaceous, colorless, rarely becoming brown-
ish; trichomes 14-30 mic. in diameter; cells three times shorter than their
diameter; heterocysts depressed or quadrate, sometimes numerous, some-
times almost none.

Greenland. Abundant in “Lyngemarken Spring, September.” (Dickie).
Rhode Island. In abundance near Providence. (Osterhout). Connecticut.
Near Lanesville; on rock below Factory Pond; ditch at North Haven.
September, November. (Holden). Forming extensive dark green woolly
masses in stagnant water. North Haven. October 1891. (Setchell). Penn-
sylvania. In a pond near Bethlehem. (Wolle). Florida. (Coe). Illinois.
Lakeside, Cook County. May (Johnson and Atwell). Minnesota. Lily
Lake, near Stillwater, Washington County. August 1908. (Tilden). Ne-
braska. In ponds. Nebraska City. (Bessey). Colorado, (Brandegee).
West Indies. In reservoir. Botanic Garden, Castleton, Jamaica; on sides of
trough, Constant Spring; in basin, Kingston. April 1893. (Humphrey).
Hawaii. In ponds. Nuanu, Oahu. (Berggren). Floating in mats on surface
of stagnant water among roots of Water Hyacinth, on beach. Meheiwa,
Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

“The filaments vary very much. Sometimes both branches and hetero-
cysts are rare and the species looks very much like a Lyngbya, very
eften the scanty branches occur single and adjacent to a heterocyst and
it resembles greatly a Tolypothrix, while the geminate branches mid-
way between two heterocysts, characteristic of Scytonema are generally
found only after long and careful search.”—Setchell.

396. Scytonema caldarium Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea.
7: 48. pl. 3. f. 3. 1809. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 12. no. 559. 1899.

Plate XII. fig. 1.

Plant mass forming more or less extended tufts; filaments 16 mic. in
diameter, decumbent or even horizontal at base, more or less entangled,
branched; false branches in pairs, erect, twisted together into Symploca-
like tufts, 8-15 mm. high; erect filaments 12-16 mic. in diameter, seldom or
only singly branched; sheaths firm, lamellose, with parallel layers, colorless,
soon becoming a deep yellowish brown; trichomes 4-8 mic. in diameter;
cells 3-12 mic. in length; heterocysts discoid to quadrate in the younger
portions of the filaments, cylindrical in older portions, colorless; cell con-
tents uniformly coarsely granular, olive or yellowish green.

California, Growing on cooler portions of the rocks from which the
hot water drips. Temperature of the tufts 27° C. Waterman Hot Springs,
near San Bernadino. April 1897. (Parish).

216 Minnesota Algae

.297. Scytonema azureum Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fase. 1. no,
630. 1909.
Plate XII. fig. 2, 3.

Filaments 25 mic. in diameter, flexuous, sparingly branched; false
branches usually in pairs, occasionally originating at the heterocysts as in
Tolypothrix; sheaths narrow, straight, smooth; trichomes 17 mic.
in diameter, often constricted at joints; cells quadrate or shorter than
broad; heterocysts somewhat spherical or quadrate, yellowish green; cell
contents more or less deep bluish purple (cyaneus, azureus) in color.

Hawaii. With other algac forming a layer covering rocks on bottom
and sides of basin of “warm spring.” Temperature at 7 a. m. 31+° C.
Puna, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

398. Scytonema hofmanni Agardh. Synopsis Algar. Sueciae. 117. 1817. Bor-
net and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5:
97. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 513. 1907.

Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the Fresh-Water Algae of Eastern
North America, 130. 1869. Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues
Guadeloupe. 32. 1870-1877. (S. julianum Menegh, S. cinereum
Crouan). Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. (S.
cortex Wood). 64. 1872. Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of
the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (Symphyosiphon
hofmanni Kg,). Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 262. pl. 189. f. 3.
1887. Moebius. Ueber einige in. Portorico gesammelte Stisswasser- und
Luft-Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 245. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Brit-
ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605.
188o, Bessey. Additions to the Reported Flora of Nebraska, made dur-
ing 1893. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5. 1894. Saunders. Protophyta-Phycophyta.
Flora of Nebraska. 24. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 9. no. 404. 1808. West and West. A Further Contribution to
the Fresh-water Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 287.
1898-1900. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci.
37: 241. I9QOT. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am, Fasc. 17. no.
803. I90T. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 195. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late
Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26. no. 1258. 1905.

Plate XII. fig. 4.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, widely expanded, 1-3 mm. in thickness,
blackish or blue-green, sometimes impregnated with calcium carbonate,
then purple or green or bluish gray; filaments 7-15 mic. in diameter, coa-
lesced in vertical fascicles; false branches aggregated; sheaths firm, mem-
branaceous; trichomes 5-10 mic. in diameter, olive or blue-green; cells un-
equal in length; heterocysts oblong.

Alaska. On dripping rocks. Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).
New Hampshire. On rocks near the brook. Tuckerman’s Ravine, near Shel-

Myxophyceae 217

burne. (Farlow). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). On shaded rocks.
High Ledge, Melrose. April 1892. (Collins). Connecticut. On old stumps.
Shore of upper Twin Lake, Salisbury. October. (Holden). New Jersey.
On moist earth, wood and rocks. (Wolle). Nebraska. On damp wood,
in greenhouses. State University, Lincoln. (Bessey, Saunders). California.
On rocks. North side of Bolinas Ridge, Marin County. June 1896. (Setch-
ell). West Indies. Forming violet-colored masses among mosses on lime-
stone rocks in mountains near Utuado, Porto Rico. (Moebius). On steps
of Court House, Port Antonio. April 1893; on leaves of trees, Bath, Jamaica.
(Humphrey). Head of Castle Bruce River, Dominica. January and February
1896. (Elliott).

Forma brunnea Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 258. 1887; Fresh
Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879. (S. cortex bruneum
Wolle). De Toni. 1. c. 515.

Plant mass dark brown; filaments covered with apparently “sub-spheri-
cal, resinous cells.”

South Carolina. (Ravenel). Florida. (Ravenel, Smith, Austin).

Var. symplocoides (Reinsch) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 99. De Toni.
lc. 515.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 36. 1870-1877.
(Calothrix conferta Crouan).

Sheaths colorless; cell contents pale blue-green.

West Indies. (Mazé).

Var. calcicolum Hansgirg. Physiologische und Algologische Mittheil-
ungen. pl. 3. f. 35. 1890; Prodromus der Algenflora von Bohmen. 2: 33. 1892.
De Toni. 1. c. 516.

Plant mass smooth, brown or black, rarely almost soft, gelatinous, often
expanded; filaments 6-12 mic. in diameter, more or less branched, curved,
often associated in dense floccose masses; false branches somewhat more
slender, single or in pairs, approximate, usually issuing between two hetero-
cysts, erect; sheaths close, somewhat thickened with age, yellow or yellow-
ish orange, rarely almost colorless; trichomes 4-6 mic. in diameter; cells
almost inconspicuous, somewhat quadrate or twice as short as wide, hetero-
cysts somewhat quadrate, single or in pairs, a little shorter or longer than
their diameter; cell contents granular, dull blue-green, green, olive or yel-
lowish.

South Carolina. (Ravenel). Florida. (Smith, Austin, Ravenel).

399. Scytonema varium Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 307. 1849. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 97. 1887. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 512. 1907.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34. 1870-1877.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IJ. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877. (S.
chrysochlorum Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 253. 1887. Saun-
ders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3:
398. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.

218 Minnesota Algae

Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 195. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln.
Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905.

Plate XII. fig. 5.

Plant mass 2-3 mm. in height, cushion-shaped, bluish-green or brown-
ish; filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, tortuous, entangled; sheaths gelatinous,
below colorless, pellucid, in upper portions yellowish; trichomes 5-7 mic.
in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate, scarcely distinct; heterocysts some-
what quadrate or longer than the diameter, colorless; cell contents densely
granular, blue-green or yellowish.

Alaska. On rocks moistened by spray from a waterfall. Near Juneau.
(Saunders). Canada. Shaded rocks. Niagara. (Wolle). Florida. Anas-
tatia Island, St. Augustine. (Wolle). Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

4oo. Scytonema javanicum (Kuetzing) Bornet in Bornet and Flahault.
Notes Algologiques. 148, 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 506, 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. 30: 269. pl. 14. f. 12-15. 1895. Setchell. Notes on
some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895.
Collins, The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901.

Plate XII. fig. 6.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, 2-4 mm. in thickness, deep blue-green or
reddish; filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter, coalesced in vertical fascicles;
false branches long, flexuous, aggregated; sheaths firm, thin, colorless, be-
coming yellowish; trichomes 9-I2 mic. in diameter; cells compressed or
quadrate; heterocysts somewhat quadrate; cell contents green becoming
trown or violet.

Massachusetts. Growing on trunks of trees in Middlesex Fells, Mel-
rose. (Setchell). West Indies. On lime trees. Shanford Estate; Anguilla;
on walls, Roseau, Dominica, November, December 1892. (Elliott). On
flower pot in garden, Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey).

Var. hawaiiense Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb.
34: 624. pl. 7. f. 6-8. 1905. De Toni. 1. c. 507.

Plate XII. fig. 7.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, dark blue-green; filaments 9.5-11 mic. in
diameter, coalesced into vertical fascicles; sheaths firm, thin, always color-
less; trichomes 5.5-8 mic. in diameter; cells 5.5-14 mic. in length, cylindrical,
sometimes quadrate (younger cells compressed); heterocysts 7-9.5 mic. in
diameter, 9.5-14 mic. in length, usually cylindrical, rarely somewhat quad-
rate, sometimes yellowish; cell contents homogeneous, pale blue-green, the
cells in younger branches being filled with reddish bodies (gas vacuoles).

Hawaii. Among mosses. Crater of Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

4o1. Scytonema ocellatum Lyngbye. Hydrophytologia Danica. 97. pl. 28 A.

Myxophyceae 219

1819. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
VII. 5: 95. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 509. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 33. 1870-1877.
(S. torridum Agardh, S. parietinum Crouan). Wolle, Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 258. pl. 188. f. 1-4, 10-14. 1887. (S. cinereum Men-
egh.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1880. Saunders. Protophyta-
Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 24. pl. 2. f. 24. 1894. Bessey. Additions
to the Reported Flora of Nebraska made during 1893. Bot. Surv. Ne-
braska. 3: 5. 1894. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—lI. Erythea. 4: 88.
1806. Wittrock, Nordstedt, and Lagerheim. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no.
1322. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no.
210. 1896; Fasc. 15. no. 711. 1900. Bessey, Pound and Clements. Additions
to the Reported Flora of the State. Bot. Surv. Nebraska. 5: 14. rgol. Col-
lins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901; Algae
of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes on the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7. 237. 1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-
Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905.

Plate XII. fig. 8.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, black or gray becoming bluish; filaments
Io-18 mic. in diameter, up to 3 mm. in length, entangled, branched; false
branches short; sheaths firm, becoming brownish; trichomes 6-14 mic. in
diameter, cells shorter than the diameter or quadrate, heterocysts some-
what quadrate, yellowish; cell contents olive green.

New Hampshire. One of the three species composing the brown coating
on the wall of the “Flume.” September 1904. (Collins). Massachusetts.
Forming a dark brown felt upon rocks just above the surface of the water.
Massapoag Brook, at Sharon. April 1891, (Setchell). Connecticut. On
dripping rocks. Sage’s Ravine, Salisbury. August. (Holden). New York.
(Wolle). New Jersey. On moist rocks. Bergen, Godwinville. (Austin).
Pennsylvania. On moist rocks and shaded walls. (Wolle). Florida.
(Wolle). Nebraska. On flower pots in greenhouse. University, Lincoln.
(Bessey, Saunders). Bermudas. On sand dunes. Paget. January 1900.
(Farlow). West Indies. On bark of trees. Near Constant Spring, Kings-
ton, Jamaica. December 1892. (Lagerheim). On old palm stems. Castleton,
Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. (Berggren, Schauinsland).

402. Scytonema intertextum (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:
263. 1865. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 511. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 258. pl. 186. f. 10-17. 1887.

Plate XII. fig. 9.

Plant mass more or less thick, cushion-shaped, compact, dark brown
or olive; filaments up to 20 mic. in diameter, ascending; false branches
fasciculate, flexuously curved, densely entangled; sheaths somewhat thick,
sometimes a little swollen, distinctly lamellose, yellowish or flesh-colored,

a

220 Minnesota Algae

rarely brownish, the external layers sometimes diffluent into colorless

fibrils; trichomes 12-16 mic. in diameter, here and there irregularly con-

stricted at joints; cells equal to or a little longer than their diameter;

heterocysts oblong or somewhat spherical, very pale brown in color, soli-

tary or in pairs at the base of the false branches; cell contents granular,
Florida. On old wood. (Smith).

403. Scytonema austinii Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 58. 1874. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 511. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 261. pl. 189. f. 5. 1887. (Symphyo-
Siphon austinii Wood). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889.

Plant mass cushion-shaped and somewhat turfy, brown or black; fila-
ments 15-20 mic. in diameter, ascending, mostly unbranched, curved; sheaths
reddish or yellowish brown at the apex, colorless and transparent, firm,
indistinctly lamellose, with rough surface; trichomes 4-10 mic. in diame-
ter, blue-green or dark-colored, often very much thickened at the ends; cells
shorter or longer than their diameter; heterocysts short, cylindrical, some-
what quadrate or spherical, sometimes strongly compressed and much
shorter than broad.

New Jersey. Forming a sort of miniature turfy cushion upon the rocks.
Little Falls. (Austin). Pennsylvania. On rocks. (Wolle)

404. Scytonema millei Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes Algologiques.
147. 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 93.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 505. 1907.

Hohenacker. Algae Marinae Siccatae. no. 458. 1862. (S. leprieurii
Kg.). Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 1405.
1907.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, woolly, widely expanded, 1-5 mm. thick,
dark green, becoming brown; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter, flexuous,
entangled, branched; false branches erect, spreading; sheaths firm, brown-
ish; trichomes 10-15 mic. in diameter; cells compressed; heterocysts com-
pressed, brown, shorter than the diameter of the trichome.

West Indies. On earth. St. Thomas. (Hohenacker). On earth and rocks.
Mavis Bank Road, Jamaica. June 1906. (Lewis).

405. Scytonema guyanense (Montagne) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
506. 1907.

Montagne, Histoire de I’Ile de Cuba. to. pl. 2, f. 2. 1838. (S. bys-
soideum corticale Mont.). Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the
Fresh-Water Algae of Eastern North America. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 11:
130. 1869. Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 33: 1870-
77. (Calothrix indica Crouan). Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water
Algae North America. 64. pl. 5. f. 4. 1872. (S. ravenelii Wood). Wood.
Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877. (Symphyo-
siphon wollei Born.). Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de
Characeis ex insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. (S.

Myxophyceae 221

pulvinatum Nordst.). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Mastigonema velutinum Wolle); Fresh-Water
Algae U. S. 257. pl. 186. f. 1-6. 1887. (S. cortex ravenelii Wolle).
Collins, Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. Lemmermann. Algenfl.
Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 624. 1905.

Plant mass dense, cushion-shaped, 1-2 mm, in thickness, widely ex-
panded, blackish green; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter, coalesced in
vertical fascicles; false branches long, flexuous, aggregated; sheaths firm,
membranaceous, lamellose, yellowish brown; trichomes 10-16 mic. in
diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or elongate; cell contents olive green.

Massachusetts. In a greenhouse. Newton. (Farlow). New Jersey.
Forming an extended olive green stratum, a little above the water level,
on the plank sides of a neglected basin of sea water. Perth Amboy. July
1878. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. On calcareous rocks. (Wolle). South
Carolina. Forming little turfy spots of a greenish color on bark. Growing
on twigs of a Celtis and on bark of a willow. (Ravenel). Florida. On
trunks of various trees. (Smith). Hawaii. On volcanic gravel, Oahu.
(Berggren, Schauinsland).

406. Scytonema amplum West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from
the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 270. pl. 16. f. 14-16. 1895;
A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West In-
dies. 1. c. 34: 287. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 512. 1907.

Plate XII. fig. 10, 11.

Plant mass small, woolly, 3-5 mm. in diameter, brownish; filaments
19-24 mic. in diameter, densely entangled; false branches 13.5-16 mic. in
diameter, rare, usually in pairs but sometimes single, more slender than
the main filament; sheaths very wide, formed of parallel layers, in outer
portions gelatinous, colorless or somewhat yellowish, in the interior
abruptly yellowish or brownish; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter, narrow;
cells up to six times longer than the diameter; heterocysts oblong, several
times longer than their diameter; cell contents yellowish green.

West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet). Novem-
ber, December. 1892; on rocks, Castle Bruce River (2,000-3,000 feet), Do-
minica. January, February 1896. (Elliott).

407. Scytonema wolleanum De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 513. 1907. Wolle.
Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879; Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 255. pl. 187. f. 1-3. 1887. (S. mirabile Wolle).

Plate XII. fig: 12.

Plant mass more or less widely expanded, olive becoming brownish;
filaments 20-25 mic. in diameter, strongly curved and flexuous; false
branches 12.5-15 mic. in diameter, numerous, usually in pairs, adhering
usually without separation of the trichome at the end; sheaths firm,
smooth, olive or yellowish, rarely nearly colorless; trichomes often some-
what moniliform; cells two to three times shorter than their diameter.

Florida. On bark of Cypress trees. (Ravenel).

408. Scytonema stuposum (Kuetzing) Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes

222 Minnesota Algae

Algologiques. 146. 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 92. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
503. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34. 1870-1877.
(S. cyanescens Crouan).

Plate XII. fig. 13, 14.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, woolly, widely expanded, blackish violet
or becoming reddish; filaments 16-30 mic. in diameter, 5-10 mm. long,
free, branched; false branches approximate, solitary or in pairs; sheaths
thick, gelatinous; trichomes 12-18 mic, in diameter; cells somewhat quad-
rate or two or three times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts equal-

ling the cells in diameter; cell contents olive or violet.
West Indies. (Mazé).

409. Scytonema tolypotrichoides Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 307. 1849. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 100.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 516. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 61. pl. 6. f. 2.
1872. (S. calotrichoides Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 250. pl. 182.
f. 4-11. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of
Flants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Setchell.
Notes on Cyanophyceae.—II. Erythea. 4: 192. 1896.

Plate XIII. fig. 1.

Plant mass caespitose, floating, spherical, one cm. in diameter, brown
or green in color, filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter, 5-6 mm. long, radiating
from the center, repeatedly branched; sheaths colorless, becoming orange
brown, lamellose; the outer layers often colorless; trichomes 8-12 mic. in
diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or oblong, scarcely distinct; heterocysts
varied, some short, some long, rose-colored; cell contents densely granu-
lar, olive or yellowish.

New York. In gelatinous masses on dripping rocks. Niagara Falls;
on wet or moist earth on the banks of rivers. (Wolle). New Jersey.
Frequent on wet rocks. (Wolle). South Carolina. In wet, boggy places,
on rotten pine boards. September 1869. (Ravenel).

41o, Scytonema flavo-viride (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 101. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar,
5: 517. 1907.

Plant mass caespitose, entangled, floating, yellowish green; filaments
12-18 mic. in diameter, 2 cm, and more in length, rigid, very sparingly
branched; sheaths colorless, thick, lamellose; trichomes 6-10 mic. in di-
ameter, cylindrical, equal, constricted at joints; cells twice as long as wide,
sometimes up to 18 mic. in diameter and shorter than the diameter; hetero-
cysts quadrate or oblong, colorless; hormogones very long; cell contents
blue-green.

Mexico. In swamps. Near Vera Cruz. (Miller).

411. Scytonema mirabile (Dillwyn) Bornet. Les Nostocacées hétérocystées
du Systema Algarum de C. Agardh (1824) et leur Synonymie ac-

Myxophyceae 223

tuelle (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 12. 1889. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 101. 1887. (S.
figuratumAg.) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 517. 1907.
Wood, Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 60, 61. pl. 5.
i. 1, 2. 1872, (S. thermale Kg, S. calotrichoides Kg.). Nord-
stedt. Die Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensibus a
Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 6. 1878. Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S.
251. pl. 183. f. 5-7. 1887; 259. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Alpae. Brit-
ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604.
1889. West and West. On some Fresh-water Algae from the West In-
dies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 271. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyano-
phyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 89. 1896; Notes on Cyanophyceae.—II. Erythea. 4:
193. 1896. Tilden, American Algae. Cent. III. no. 290. 1898. (S. myo-
chrous (Dillw.) Ag.). West and West. A Further Contribution to
the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 287.
1898-1900. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae—III. Erythea. 7: 48. 1899.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 396. 1900. Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 857. 1901. Saunders. The Algae.
Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901. Til-
den. Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book
of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1: 166. 1902. Setchell and Gardner.
Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 195. 1903. Col-
lins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—II. Rhodora. 7: 237.
1905. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 631. 1909.

Plate XIII. fig. 2-5.

Plant mass woolly, widely expanded, spongy-tomentose, brownish
black or blackish green; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter, turtuous, en-
tangled, 2-4 mm. or 1 cm. in thickness; sheaths lamellose, yellowish brown;
layers of the sheath scarcely diverging; trichomes 6-12 mic. in diameter;
basal cells long, cylindrical, the upper ones disc-shaped; heterocysts some-
what quadrate or longer than the diameter, brownish; cell contents yellow-
ish green.

Alaska. On moist ground near Glacier Bay; in a freshwater stream
emptying into Glacier Bay; on the perpendicular surface of a rock moist-
ened by dripping water, Kukak Bay, July 1899. (Saunders). Connecticut.
Coating moist limestone rocks. On shore of Housatonic River, near Gay-
lordsville. June, October 1901. (Holden). New York. Forming a dark brown
coating on wet rocks. Niagara. (Wolle). New Jersey. Frequent on sub-
merged sticks in ponds. (Wolle). South Carolina. Damp surface of
hard clay; in wet boggy places on rotten pine boards, September 1869.
(Ravenel), Sandy soil near Aiken. (Wolle). Minnesota. On sides of
rocks in stone quarry. Minneapolis. May 1899. (Crosby). Iowa. On
cliffs. Fayette. 1897. (Fink). Colorado. In pannose layers upon the “Pil-
lars of Hercules,” South Cheyenne Cafion, near Manitou. (Setchell).
Mexico. (Miiller). West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River,
St. Vincent. May 1892; on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet), No-
vember and December 1892; on rocks, Hamstead Valley (850 feet), Do-

224 Minnesota Algae

minica, January and February 1896. (Elliott). Hawaii. In stagnant
water. Mauna Kea, Hawaii. (Berggren, Schauinsland).

Var. leprieurii (Montagne) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 103. De Toni.
l. ¢. 520.

Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1865. Mazé
and Schramm, Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 34. 1870-1877. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1014. 1903.

Outer layers of sheath gelatinous, colorless.

Canada. Warm sulphur springs, Banff, Alberta. June 1901. (Butler and
Polley). West Indies. (Mazé and Schramm).

412. Scytonema myochrous (Dillwyn) Agardh. Dispositio Algar. sueciae.
38. 1812. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 5: 104. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 521. 1907.

Dickie. In Hooker. An Account of the Plants collected by Dr. Walker
in Greenland and Arctic America during the Expedition of Sir Francis
M’Clintock, R. N., in the Yacht “Fox.” Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 86. 1861;
Notes on a Collection of Algae procured in Cumberland Sound by Mr.
James Taylor, and Remarks on Arctic Species in General. 1. c. 9: 242. 1867.
Wood, Prodromus of a Study of the Fresh-Water Algae of Eastern North
America. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. 11: 129. 1869. (S. cataractae Wood);
Contr. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 62. pl. 7. f. 1. 1872. Raben-
horst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2492. 1877. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae.
6: 184. 1877. (S. brandegei Wolle); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 252, 253.
pl. 182. f. 1-3; pl.183. f. 1-4; pl. 185. f. 1-7. 1887. (S. gracile Kg, S. tur-
fosum Kg,). Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. ‘Wolle and
Martindale, Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey.
Geol. Surv. N. J.:2: 605. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 3. no. 109. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae—II. Ery-
thea. 4: 192, 193. 1896. Collins. Some Perforating and other Algae on
Fresh-Water Shells. Erythea. 5: 96. 1897. Saunders. Algae. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1go1. Setchell and
Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 195.
1903. Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rho-
dora. 7: 237. 1905. Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa
Acad. Sci. 14: 10. 1908.

Plate XIII. fig. 6.

Plant mass woolly, widely expanded, spongy-tomentose, brownish black
or blackish green; filaments 18-36 mic. in diameter, 2-15 mm. long, tor-
tuous, entangled; sheaths lamellose, yellowish brown; layers of the sheath
diverging; trichomes 6-12 mic. in diameter; basal cells long, cylindrical, the
upper ones disc-shaped; heterocysts somewhat quadrate or longer than
their diameter, brown; gonidia spherical, yellowish brown; cell contents
yellowish green.

Alaska. Forming small tufts on rocks in a brook emptying into Glacier
Bay. (Saunders). Greenland. (Borgesen). Canada, Fresh water. Port
Kennedy. (Walker). Cumberland Sound. (Taylor). Forming broad turf-

Myxophyceae 225

like coating on the rocks below the great cataract. Niagara Falls. (Wood).
Dark brown coating on wet rocks. Niagara. (Wolle). Rhode Island.
New Providence. (Bennett). Connecticut. Forming dark brownish
patches on submerged limestone rocks. Twin Lakes, Salisbury. August,
October 1892. (Holden). Growing on outside of Unio shells. Twin Lakes,
Salisbury, Litchfield County. August 1895. (Setchell and Holden). New
Jersey. On rocky shores of Morris Pond. (Wolle). On moist ground.
Closter, Bergen. (Austin). Pennsylvania. Moist ground in extended
patches and on dripping rocks. (Wolle). North Carolina. Moist ground.
(Ravenel). Iowa. Fayette. 1905. (Fink). Colorado. Wet rocks. (Bran-
degee). Bermudas. (Farlow).

413. Scytonema badium Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 6: 184. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 524. 1907.

Plant mass thin, brown (badius); filaments 40-75 mic. in diame-
ter, somewhat erect, appressed, short; false branches flaccid, divari-
cate, single or in pairs; sheaths wide, yellowish olive; trichomes 2-2.5 mic.
in diameter, sometimes continuous, sometimes showing distinct transverse
walls; cells about as long as wide; heterocysts scattered or situated at the
base, somewhat spherical or oblong; cell contents pale blue-green.

New York. On old wood. Herkimer County. (Austin).

414. Scytonema fuliginosum Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1.
no. 629. 1909.

Plate XIII. fig. 7, 8.

Plant mass thin, bluish green; filaments 28-50 mic. in diameter; sheaths
folded into many layers or laminations; layers much dilated, dark brown
in thicker parts; trichomes 10-20 mic. in diameter; cells 1.4-5 mic. in length;
heterocysts 12-16 mic. in diameter, spherical, oval or somewhat quadrate;
cell contents gray green.

Hawaii. Forming a thin layer on bottom of small shallow tide pool
just below high tide. Pahala Plantation beach, south shore of Hawaii.
July 1900. (Tilden).

415. Scytonema alatum (Carmichael) Borzi. Morfologia e Biologia delle
Alghe Ficocromacee. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 11: 373. 1879. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 110.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 528. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 99. pl. 48. A. f. 1-4. 1858.
(Petalonema alatum Berk.). Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water
Algae North America. 66. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 267. pl.
188. f. 15, 16. 1887. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae—II. Erythea. 4:
193. 1896. Hone. Petalonema alatum in Minnesota. Minn. Bot. Studies.

3: 47. pl. 13. 1903.
Plate XIII. fig. 9.
Plant mass caespitose, mucous, black or brown; 24-66 mic. in diame-

ter, 4-8 mm. in length, flexuous, erect or appressed; false branches short,
spreading, irregular in outline; sheaths forming lamellose wings or mem-

226 Minnesota Algae

branaceous expansions, the outer layers white, somewhat transparent, the
internal layers bright yellow, contracted at the heterocysts, very smooth
on the surface; trichomes 9-15 mic. in diameter; cells shorter than the
diameter; heterocysts spherical, brownish; cell contents blue-green or green.
New York. On dripping rocks under Biddle Stairs, Niagara Falls.
1849. (Harvey). “The only locality hitherto discovered for this plant is
on the high cliff, near the Cave of the Winds, Niagara Falls. Twas found
there twenty-five years since and it may be gathered there to-day.” (Wolle).
Minnesota. On gravel bed of a quiet stream, the outlet of an old tank near
the Government Dam works. Near Minneapolis. October 1901. Hone.

416. Scytonema junipericolum Farlow in Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 16. no. 756. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 525. 1907.

Plant mass forming indefinite, pulvinate, tomentose, black expansions
.2-.3 mm. high; basal filaments 14-16 mic. in diameter, nearly prostrate;
upper filaments 12-14 mic. in diameter; false branches in pairs, numerous,
erect, soon dividing into Tolypothrix-like, tortuous, corymbose branch-
lets; sheaths about 2 mic. in thickness, lamellose, with diverging layers,
with obtuse apex; cells at the base disc-shaped, the upper ones becoming
cuboidal and often torulose; heterocysts 11-12 mic. in diameter, 6-7 mic.
in length.

Bermudas. Common, forming dark velvety patches on the bark of
Juniperus bermudiana. “Fairyland.” January 1900. (Farlow).

417. Scytonema crustaceum Agardh. Syst. Algar. 39. 1824. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 106. 1887.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 525. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 263. 1887. (Symphyosiphon
crustaceus Kg.) Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
28, no. 1358. 1907.

Plate XIII. fig. 10-12.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, black, .5-2 mm. in thickness; filaments
15-30 mic. in diameter, thick, short, erect, aggregated, often slightly thick-
ened and decumbent, with numerous branches; false branches ascending,
short, in pairs, coalesced at the base, finally becoming free; sheaths gelati-
nous, yellowish brown, lamellose, the layers diverging; trichomes 6-8 mic.
in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or depressed; heterocysts oblong,
blue-green.

Connecticut. On limestone rock. Salisbury. November 1906. (Phelps).
Pennsylvania. Not infrequent, on wet cliffs. (Wolle).

Var. incrustans (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 107. De Toni.
1. c. 526.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877;
(Symphyosiphon incrustans Kg.). A Nostoc the Matrix of
Scytonema. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 217. 1878. Setchell. Notes on Cyano-
phyceae.—II. Erythea. 4: 191. 1896.

Myxophyceae 227

False branches in pairs, included within a common sheath as far as
the apex; gonidia spherical or oval; wall of gonidium deep brown.

New York. Common on rocks exposed to spray. Niagara Falls.
(Wolle).

418. Scytonema densum (A. Braun) Bornet in Bornet and Thuret. Notes
Algologiques. 152. 1880. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 109. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
527. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 271. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—
II. Erythea. 4: 191. 1896; Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 48. 1899.
Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901.

Plate XIII. fig. 13.

Plant mass dense, cushion-shaped, brown or black; filaments 24-40 mic.
in diameter, I mm, in length, entangled; false branches erect, appressed;
sheaths yellowish brown, gelatinous, lamellose, the younger ones pale
yellow; trichomes 6-12 mic. in diameter; heterocysts somewhat quadrate;
cell contents green.

New York. On rocks. Niagara. August 1876. (Wolle). California.
Twin Oaks, San Diego County. (Koch). West Indies. Amongst S.
yavanicum on lime-trees. Shanford Estate, Dominica. November and
December 1892. (Elliott). In turfs in moist places. Port Antonio, Jamaica.
April 1893. (Humphrey).

419. Symphyosiphon bornetianum Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 261.
pl. 189. f. 4. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 536. 1907.

Plate XIII. fig. 14.

Plant mass thin, with smooth surface, brownish or reddish brown;
filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter, short, thick, with the branches forming
a close, upright growth; sheaths close; cells somewhat longer or shorter
than the diameter; heterocysts scattered, yellowish; cell contents brown
or slightly blue-green.

South Carolina. On old bricks. Port Royal; on clay cliffs. (Wolle).

420. Scytonema dubium Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 63. pl. 6. f. 3. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 533. 1907.
Plant mass immersed; filaments 6-10 mic. in diameter, very long,

closely interwoven, variously curved, usually sparingly branched; false

branches usually single, more or less distant, moderately short, some-
times very short, abortive and somewhat crowded; sheaths close, usually
rather thick and firm, transparent, colorless; trichomes often contained
in distinct, cell-like apartments, sometimes continuous, with indistinct trans-
verse walls; heterocysts cylindrical, two to six times longer than broad;
cell contents finely granular, usually pale bluish green, sometimes bright

blue-green.
New Jersey. On leaves of Ranunculus aquatilis. In Shepherd's

228 Minnesota Algae

Mill Pond, near Greenwich, Cumberland County. 1869. (Wood).

421. Scytonema hirtulum (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 265.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 531. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 261. pl. 189. f. 7. 1887. (Symphyo-
siphon hirtulus Kg.).

Plate XIII. fig. 15. ;

Plant mass expanded, cushion-shaped, olivaceous-black, consisting of
spine-shaped, wick-like bundles of filaments; filaments and false branches
10-15 mic. in diameter, ascendiny, slightly curved, parallel and more or less
densely agglutinated below, usually free at the apices, obtusely rounded;
sheaths colorless or yellowish, transparent, the external layers a little
swollen with age, roughened, 20 mic. in thickness; trichomes 8-10 mic. in
diameter; transverse walls distinct; cells equal to the diameter or a little
shorter; heterocysts both basal and intercalary, single or in pairs, oblong,
brown in color.

United States. On moist rocks and damp earth. (Wolle).

422, Scytonema immersum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 59. pl. 2. f. 9. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 530. 1907.

Intermingled with other algae and adhering to aquatic plants; fila-
ments about 10 mic. in diameter, elongate; false branches mostly in
pairs, more or less distant, short or elongate; sheaths wide, transparent,
colorless; apex of trichome obtusely rounded; transverse walls sometimes
distinct, sometimes invisible; cells quadrate or shorter than the diameter;
heterocysts distinct, single, intercalary, somewhat cylindrical, sometimes
half as long as broad, sometimes nearly twice as long; cell contents bright
blue-green.

New Jersey. Forming a flocculent, greenish black, slimy coating to the
stems and finely dissected leaves of Ranunculus aquatilis, In
Shepherd’s Mill Pond, near Greenwich, Cumberland County. 1869. (Wood).

423. Scytonema polymorphum Naegeli. Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2:
257. 1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 532. 1907.
Moebius, Ueber einige in Portorico gesammelte Siisswasser- und Luft-
Algen. Hedwigia. 27: 245. 1888.

Plant mass cushion-shaped, dark blue-green or blackish; filaments
5-27 mic. in diameter, variously curved, loosely entangled, sparingly
branched; false branches single or in pairs; sheaths colorless or yellowish
brown, transparent, lamellose; trichomes 5.8-14.5 mic. in diameter; trans-
verse walls visible or invisible; cells shorter or up to three times longer
than their diameter; heterocysts oblong, colorless or pale brown; cell con-
tents light blue-green or lead-colored.

West Indies, Porto Rico. (Moebius).

424. Scytonema rubrum Montagne. Premiére Centurie de Plantes Cellu-
laires Exotiques. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. II. 8: 349. 1837; Histoire de
l’Ile de Cuba. 9. 7838. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 532. 1907.

Myxophyceae 229

Filaments decumbent, reddish, dichotomously branched, entangled;
false branches spreading, abruptly bent; cells shorter than their diameter.

West Indies, On fallen leaves. Cuba. (Montagne).

425. Scytonema simplex Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 57. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 259. 1887. (S.
simplice Wood !!). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 536. 1907.

Plant mass moderately thick, somewhat cushion-like, blackish green;
filaments I0-15 mic. in diameter, very long, flexuously curved, sparingly
branched or without branches; false branches in pairs or single, usually
elongate; sheaths thick, transparent, often colorless, sometimes pale yel-
lowish brown, mostly open and truncate at apex; trichomes 3-6 mic. in
diameter; cells equal to seven times as long as broad (?), often separated,
apical cells very short; heterocysts cylindrical, scattered, two to five times
longer than their diameter; cell contents sparsely granular, pale greenish.

South Carolina. Adhering to the wet sides of a wooden gutter leading
water from a spring. Aiken. September 1869. (Ravenel).

Genus TOLYPOTHRIX Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 227. 1843.

Filaments branched; false brariches usually arising in the immediate
region of the heterocysts, rarely between two heterocysts, single; sheaths
somewhat thin, flexible, more or less fragile; gonidia spherical, oval or
elliptical, often many in a series; wall of gonidium smooth, thin.

I Sheaths thin.
1 Plants living in water

(1) Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter T. tenuis

(2) Filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter T. lanata

(3) Filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter T. distorta

(4) Filaments 12-17 mic. in diameter T. penicillata
2 Plants living in moist places

(1) Filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter T. byssoidea

(2) Filaments 15-25 mic. in diameter T. ravenelii

II Sheaths thick.
1 Plants living in water
(1) Filaments 5-6 mic. in diameter T. setchellii
(2) Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter T. limbata
2 Plants living in moist places; filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter
T. rupestris
Species not well understood
T. glacialis
426. Tolypothrix tenuis Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 228. 1843. Bornet and Fla-

hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 122. 1887.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 545. 1907.

230 Minnesota Algae

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. VII. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 10: 20. 1883.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. West and West. On some Fresh-
water Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 271. 1895.
Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—IJ. Erythea. 4: 193. 1896. Collins.
Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver
Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts.
128. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. nu.
257. 1897. Tilden, American Algae. Century IV. no. 397. 1900. Saun-
ders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci.
3: 398. Igor. Setchell and Gardner, Algae of Northwestern America.
Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 196. 1903. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII.
Fasc. 1. no. 628. 1909.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose, rarely extended in a cushion-like layer,
blue-green, becoming brownish with age; filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter,
2 cm. in height, repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flex-
uously curved; sheaths membranaceous, thin, usually inflated at the base
of the branches, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter,
cylindrical; cells equal to or longer than the diameter; heterocysts one to
five, often colorless; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska. Forming brownish or blue-green tufts, attached to rocks in
fresh water. Glacier Bay; Popof Islands. (Saunders). Massachusetts. Ou
mosses and various small plants. Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells. (Collins).
New Jersey. Often very abundant, in ponds. (Wolle). Plainfield. (Balen).
Maryland. On grasses in pools in abandoned brickyard. Baltimore. October
1896. (Humphrey). Michigan. Ann Arbor. (Reighard). Minnesota, In
tank. Botanical Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. March
tgo9. (Tilden). South Dakota. Forming blue-green tufts or coatings on
reeds, finally becoming loosened and floating. Big Stone Lake. August
1898. (Saunders). Washington. Near Newhall, Orcas Island; Green
Lake, Seattle. (Gardner). West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s
River, St. Vincent. May 1892. (Elliott).

Forma bryophila Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 273. 1865. De Toni.
lc. 547.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 265. pl. 181. f. 5-7. 1887.

Forming a widely extended, thin, papery layer; trichomes 2.5-3 mic. in
diameter.

New Jersey. Often very abundant in ponds. (Wolle). Pennsylvania.
(Wolle).

427. Tolypothrix lanata (Desvaux) Wartmann in Rabenhorst. Die Algen
Sachsens. no. 768. 1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc,
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 120. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

542. 1907. ;
Wood, Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 66. pl. 8. f.
1 1872. (T. distorta var. Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. IV. Bull.
Torr. Bot Club. 7: 44. 1880. (T.aegagropila Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae
U. S. 263-265. pl. 180. f. 5-7, 14-16; pl. 181, f. 1-4. 1887. (T. muscicola Kg,,

Myxophyceae 231

T. pulchra Kg, T. flaccida Kg). Collins. Algae of Middlesex
County. 13. 1888. Harvey. The Fresh-Water Algae of Maine—I. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 161. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889.
Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of Montana. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1801. Johnson. Fresh Water Algae. North-
western University. Report Dept. Nat. Hist. 22. 1891. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 209. 1896; Fasc. 20. no. 956. 1902.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 195. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—
JI. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.

Plate XIV. fig. 1.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose, rarely extended in a cushion-like layer,
blue-green, becoming brownish with age; filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter,
2 cm, in height, repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flex-
uvously curved, sheaths membranaceous, thin, usually inflated at the base
of the branches, colorless or yellowish; trichomes about Io mic. in diame-
ter, cylindrical; cells equal to or longer than the diameter; heterocysts
cne to four, often colorless; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska, Forming blackish brown felt-like mats in shallow, running
water. Unalaska. June 1899; forming dark brown, felt-like layers on rocks
or on the bottom of shallow, fresh water or dried streams, Iliuliuk. (Setch-
ell and Lawson). Maine. Old well, College Farm, near Orono. 1887.
(Harvey). Massachusetts. Spot Pond, Stoneham; floating in clay pits,
Medford, April 1893. (Collins). Connecticut. Lime Rock. (Adam).
Mostly on aquatic mosses in summer and autumn, in quiet water. Pequon-
nock River, Bridgeport. November 1890; Lake Saltonstall, near New
Haven, September to December. (Holden). New Jersey. Clusters torn
from attachment by storm. Budd’s Lake. August 1881. (Wolle). Penn-
sylvania. Forming little bright green balls, adherent to aquatic plants in
an aquarium. Philadelphia. (Wood). In ponds. (Wolle). Indiana. In
shallow ponds. Edgemoor, Lake County. August 1890. (Johnson). Mon-
tana. On dripping rocks and on wet wood-work of dams, flumes, etc., in
springs and streams. July to October. (Anderson and Kelsey). Wash-
ington. Near Seattle. (Kincaid). West Indies. (Mazé).

Var. hawaiiensis Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex
Insulis Sandvicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 6. 1878. (T. musci-
cola). De Toni. 1. c. 545.

Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905.

Filaments 9-14 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter; cells
4-7 mic. in length; heterocysts 9 mic. in diameter, 10-15 mic. in length.

Hawaii. Adhering to leaves in stagnant water. Mauna Kea, Hawaii.
(Berggren).

428. Tolypothrix distorta (Hofman-Bang) Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 228. 1843.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.

5: 119. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 541. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 65. 1872.

232 Minnesota Algae

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 263. pl. 180. f. 1-3. 1887. Bennett. Plants
of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. (Scytonema gracile Kg.). Wolle and
Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol.
Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous
Algae of Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 144. 1891. Tilden. American
Algae. Cent. I. no. 82, 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Min-
nesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895; American Algae. Cent.
V. no. 478. 1901; Collection of Algae from the Hawaiian Islands. Hawaiian
Almanac and Annual for 1902. 111. 1901; Algae Collecting in the Hawaiian
Islands. Postelsia: The Year Book of the Minnesota Seaside Station. 1:

153. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 195. 1903.

Plate XIV. fig. 2-4.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose or extended in a cushion-like layer,
blue-green or brownish; filaments 10-15 mic. in diameter, 1-3.cm. in length,
repeatedly branched; false branches erect, spreading, flexuously curved;
sheaths membranaceous, thin, here and there inflated at the base of the
branches, colorless, rarely yellowish; trichomes 9-12 mic. in diameter, some-
times constricted at joints; cells equal to or shorter than the diameter;
heterocysts solitary, rarely in twos or threes; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska, Floating or attached to plants or stones in quiet, fresh water.
Cape Nome. (Setchell). Vermont. Pond waters. East Charlotte. (Wolle).
Rhode Island. (Thwaites). Warden’s Pond. (Wood). North Providence.
(Bennett). New York. Reservoir Pond, West Point. (Wood). New
Jersey. On rocky shores of Morris Pond, Morris. (Wolle). Wisconsin.
Fourth Lake, Madison. (Bailey). Minnesota. Artificial lake. Minneapolis.
August 1894. (Tilden). Montana. Everywhere in flowing water, growing
caespitose on the rocks. July to October. (Anderson and Kelsey). Wash-
ington. Fidalgo Island; Lake Washington, Seattle. (Gardner). Hawaii.
Forming tiny bluish green tufts or cushions on rocks in mountain stream.
Kaliawaa Stream, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1goo. (Tilden).

429. Tolypothrix penicillata (Agardh) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 380. 1875. Bornet and Thuret. Revis.
des Nostoc. An. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 123. 1887. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 549. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains.
Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 252. pl. 183.
f. 11-13. 1887. (Scytonema naegelii Kg.). Wolle and Martin-
dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv.
N. J. 2: 604. 1889.

Plate XIV. fig. 5.

Plant mass penicillate-caespitose, deep brown in color; filaments 12-17
mic. in diameter, 2 cm. in length, repeatedly branched; false branches erect
at the base, flexuously curved, elongate; sheaths firm, membranaceous, at
first colorless, afterwards becoming brownish; trichomes about 10 mic.
in diameter, cylindrical; cells 4-12 mic. in length; heterocysts usually soli-
tary, yellowish; cell contents blue-green.

Myxophyceae 233

New Hampshire, On submerged mosses. Mill Brook, Shelburne. (Far-
low). New Jersey. On moist rocks. Closter and Godwinville. (Austin).

430. Tolypothrix byssoidea (Hassall) Kirchner in Engler and Prantl. Nat.
Pflanz. I. 1a. 80. 1900. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 116. 1887. (Hassallia byssoidea
Hass.) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 551. 1907.

Wood, Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 68. pl. 9. f.
I, 1872. (Sirosiphon scytonematoides Wood). Wolle. Fresh-
Water Algae U. S. 266. pl. 181. £. 8-11. 1887. (T. truncicola (Rab.)
Wolle). Collins, Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. Setchell. Notes
on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428.
1895. Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony
Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Com-
mission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am, Fasc. 6. no. 258. 1897. West and West. A Further Contribution
to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34:
287. 1898-1900.

Plate XIV. fig. 6.

Plant mass woolly, cushion-like, brownish or black; filaments 10-15
mic. in diameter, 1 mm. in length, irregularly branched; false branches
short, erect, spreading; sheaths close, thin, orange or brown, fragile, tubu-
lar, continuous; trichomes 9-11 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints; cells
two or three times shorter than the diameter; heterocysts, basal, one or
two; cell contents olive.

Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow). Among other algae. Cascade, Middle-
sex Fells. (Collins). Connecticut. Growing on rocks at the water’s edge.
Quinebaug River, Lisbon. (Setchell). South Carolina. Growing on the
limbs of Myrica cerifera. February. (Ravenel). West Indies. On
leaves. Wotten Waven, Dominica. (Elliott).

Forma saxicola Grunow. Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 117. De Toni. 1. c.
552.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 195. 1903. ?

Filaments 14-18 mic. in diameter; sheaths often striated and corrugated;
trichomes 12 mic. in diameter.

Alaska. Among mosses on dripping rocks. Amaknak Island, Bay of
Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson).

Forma cylindrica Tilden. American Algae. Cent. IV. no. 398. 1900.
(Hassallia byssoidea cylindrica).

Trichomes 5-6 mic, in diameter, cylindrical; heterocysts basal or inter-
calary.

Canada. On vertical rocks just above high tide. Baird Point, Strait of
Juan de Fuca, Minnesota Seaside Station, Vancouver Island, British Co-
lumbia. August 1898. (Tilden).

234 Minnesota Algae

431. Tolypothrix ravenelii Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 6: 285. 1879; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 265. pl. 180. f, 8-10.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 542. 1907.

Plate XIV. fig. 7.

Plant mass thin, more or less expanded, reddish brown; filaments 15-25
mic. in diameter, elongate, false branches elongate; sheaths thin,
close, yellowish or dark-colored; trichomes often interrupted; cells equal
to or twice as short as their diameter; transverse walls distinct; heterocysts
basal or intercalary, usually single, oblong, yellowish; cell contents finely
granular, yellowish or reddish.

Florida. On sandstone rock. Gainesville. December 1877. (Ravenel).

432. Tolypothrix setchellii Collins. Some Perforating and other Algae on
Freshwater Shells. Erythea. 5: 96. pl. 4. 1897. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 310, 1897. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 548. 1897.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.

Pub. Bot. 1: 196. 1903.

Plate XIV. fig. 8.

Filaments 5-6 mic. in diameter, up to 7 dm. in length, scattered or ar-
ranged in parallel series and forming a layer, flexuous, occasionally thick-
ened, repeatedly branched; false branches spreading; sheaths thick, gelati-
nous, refractive, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 4 mic. in diameter, con-
stricted at joints; cells equal to or longer than the diameter; heterocysts
disc-shaped; cell contents blue-green.

Alaska. “A dwarf species.” On Chara. Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Law-
son). Connecticut. On shells. Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield County.
August 1897. (Setchell and Holden).

433. Tolypothrix limbata Thuret in Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 124. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 550. 1907.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 196. 1903.

Plant mass floccose-caespitose, blue-green; filaments 12-15 mic. in
diameter, 2-3 mm. in length, repeatedly branched; false branches erect,
spreading, flexuously curved; sheaths refringent, colorless, lamellose, with
the outer layers mucous; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at
joints; cells equal to or a little longer than the diameter; heterocysts one
to two; cell contents dull blue-green.

Washington. Growing on the side of a jar in the botanical laboratory.
University of Washington, Seattle. (Gardner).

434. Tolypothrix rupestris Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 6: 185. 1877; in Rabenhorst. Die Algen Europas. no. 2573.
1879; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 265. pl. 180. f. 11-13. 1887.

Myxophyceae 235

Plate XIV. fig. 9.

Plant mass expanded, variously tinged with red, purple and black;
filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter, loosely interwoven, much branched;
sheaths wide, yellowish, or colorless; cells as long or twice as long as
their diameter; heterocysts spherical or oblong, two or three in series; cell
contents granular, dull blue-green.

Pennsylvania, On dripping, gelatinous, exposed rocks. Delaware Water
Gap. July. (Wolle).

435. Tolypothrix glacialis Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic
Expedition. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 8, 1880. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 556. 1907.
Plant mass caespitose, brown; filaments 15 mic. in diameter, rigid;
sheaths somewhat lamellose; transverse walls indistinct. -
Arctic Regions. Forming a brownish crust on decayed Nostoc. Edge
of Glacier Lake, Cape Baird. (300 feet), 81° 30’ N. (Dickie).

Genus DESMONEMA Berkeley and Thwaites.
English Botany. 1849.

Plant mass caespitose, penicillate; filaments somewhat dichtomously
divided, straight; sheaths thin; trichomes two or more within the sheath;
heterocysts basal; gonidia large, oval or elliptical, single or in short series;
wall of gonidium somewhat thick.

436. Desmonema wrangelii (Agardh) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 127. 1887. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 558. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 237. pl. 168. f. 3, 4. 1887. (Calothrix
dillwynii Hass.) Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue
of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. (Also C.
radiosa (Kg.) Kirchn.). Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of
New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 428. 1895. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 108. 1895. Saunders. The Algae.
Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 398. 1901. Setch-
ell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot.
1: 196. 1903.

Plate XIV. fig. 10.

Plant mass 5-6 mm. in height, caespitose, formed of penicillate fascicles,
gelatinous, dark green; filaments erect, somewhat flexuous, repeatedly sub-
dichotomously branched; sheaths thin, continuous, colorless or yellowish;
trichomes 9-10 mic, in diameter, constricted at the joints; cells three times
shorter than the diameter; heterocysts one, two or none; cell contents
blue-green.

Alaska. In a clear brook, emptying into Glacier Bay; in brook, Popof
Island. (Saunders). On stones in brooks or lakes, or even in pools on the
tundra. St. Michael. (Setchell). Near Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and
Lawson). Connecticut. Very abundant. Forming small tufts or extended

236 Minnesota Algae

patches of a blackish green color on stones in the swiftest currents of
Roaring Brook, Cheshire. May 1894. (Setchell). New Jersey. Swamps;
Morris Pond, Morris. (Wolle). Maryland. Garrett County. (Wolle).

Genus DIPLOCOLON Naegelii in Itzigsoln.
Phykologische Studien. Part 1. 160. 1857.

Plant mass gelatinous, terrestrial; colonies irregular in shape, constrict-
ed, somewhat club-shaped; filaments several, contorted within a common
tegument, branched; false branches solitary or in pairs, usually arising be-
tween two heterocysts, but rarely in the immediate region of the hetero-
cysts; trichomes single within the sheath.

437. Diplocolon heppii Naegeli in Itzigsohn. Phykologische Studien. Nova

Acta Acad. Leopold-Carolin. der Nat. 26: Part 1. 160. pl. 11. (excl.

f. 8-12). 1857. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.

Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 129. 1887. De Toni. Syl!. Syll. Algar. 5: 561. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 139. 1877; Fresh-

Water Algae. U. S. 260. pl. 195. f. 1-9. 1887. (Scytonema heppii

(Naeg.) Wolle). Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—II. Erythea. 4: 193.
1896.

Plate XIV. fig. 11.

Plant mass caespitose, grumous-gelatinous, brownish becoming black;
coionies club-shaped, gelatinous, irregularly dilated, up to 1 mm. in thick-
ness, yellowish brown; common tegument lamellose, yellowish brown;
filaments 20-28 mic. in diameter, repeatedly branched within the common
tegument, flexuously curved and densely interwoven; trichomes constricted
at joints; cells and heterocysts 6-10 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical;
cell contents blue-green.

New York. Forming a blackish brown gelatinous stratum upon rocks.
Niagara Falls. (Wolle). Florida. On old wood. March 1878. (Wolle).

Family IV. STIGONEMACEAE

Filaments free, rarely laterally aggregated, scattered, frequently
branched; sheaths thick, firm, often irregular; trichomes consisting of one
or several rows of cells, with heterocysts; heterocysts often lateral, some-
times intercalary; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormo-
gones and gonidia.

I Sheaths distinct, definite.
1 Filaments free
(1) Trichomes consisting of one row of cells

A Branches of two kinds, the one cylindrical, the other flagelliform;
heterocysts terminal or lateral Mastigocoleus

B_ Branches unilateral, usually tapering at the apex; heterocysts in-
tercalary : Hapalosiphon

Myxophyceae 237

(2) Trichomes consisting of one to several rows of cells
A Branches unilateral, thin, finally forming hormogones

Fischerella
B Branches scattered; hormogones formed in the apices of the
branches or in special short branches Stigonema
2 Filaments growing together forming a cushion-like mass
Capsosira
II Sheaths confluent into a gelatinous amorphous mass
Nostochopsis

Genus MASTIGOCOLEUS Lagerheim. Notarisia. 1: 65. 1886.

Filaments free, irregularly branched; branches of two kinds, the one
cylindrical, the other flagelliform, tapering off into a hair-like apex; sheaths
continuous; trichomes, except in the branches, single within the sheath;
heterocysts single, rarely in pairs, terminal or lateral, sometimes intercal-
ary; gonidia unknown; reproduction by means of hormogones; cell con-
tents homogeneous.

438. Mastigocoleus testarum Lagerheim. Note sur le Mastigocoleus, Nou-
veau Genre des Algues Marines de l’Ordre des Phycochromacées.
Notarisia. 1: 65. pl. 1. 1886. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 54. 1887. “De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
564. 1907.

Collins. Algae. Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island,
Maine. 247. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5.
no. 213. 1896. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 47.
1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts
Sci. 37: 241. 1901; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—lII. Rho-
dora. 7: 223. 1905. :

Plate XIV. fig. 12.

Filaments 6-10 mic. in diameter, variously curved; sheaths thin, color-
less; trichomes 3.5-6 mic. in diameter; cells cylindrical or nearly so; hetero-
cysts exceeding the diameter of the trichome, 6-18 mic. wide and long;
cell contents greenish.

Canada. In oyster shells. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull).
Maine. Growing in the substance of dead shells. Seal Harbor. (Collins).
Massachusetts. In shells of Mya arenaria ona sandy beach below low
water mark. Quisset. July 1893, 1895. (Setchell). Rhode Island. (Collins).
Connecticut. In shells. Fresh Pond. August, September. (Holden). Cal-
ifornia. In shells of the Eastern oyster. Near Bay Farm Island, Alameda
County. (Setchell). West Indies. In old shells. Kingston, Jamaica. 1897.
(Humphrey). Jamaica. (Flahault).

Genus HAPALOSIPHON Naegeli in Kuetzing.
Spec. Algar. 894. 1849.

Plant mass caespitose-floccose, thin, aquatic; filaments free, not grow-

238 Minnesota Algae

ing together laterally, branched, consisting of a single row of cells, rarely
of two rows, enclosed within a sheath; branches erect, usually about the
same thickness as the creeping primary filament, commonly unilateral, long,
flexuous, very slightly tapering; sheaths continuous, strong, of uniform
thickness; sheaths of the branches thinner than those of primary filaments,
usually colorless; heterocysts intercalary; wall of gonidium thick, yellowish
brown.

I]. Plants living in fresh water.

1 Filaments decumbent, branched on all sides; branches 6-8 mic. in
diameter; cells elliptical depressed H. flexuosus

2 Plant mass caespitose, orange brown; primary filaments 11.5-12.5 mic.
in diameter; trichomes 7.5-8 mic. in diameter H. aureus

3 Plant mass floccose, caespitose, dull blue-green; primary filaments
21-24 mic. in diameter H. fontinalis

II Plants living in hot water
1 Plant mass cushion-like, irregular or expanded, blue-green; primary
filaments 3-6 mic. in diameter H. laminosus
2 Plant mass widely expanded, bright blue-green; trichomes 3-11 mic.
in diameter H. major

III Plants living on bark of trees
1 Plant mass caespitose, small, blue-green; filaments 4-7 mic. in diame-
ter H. intricatus
2 Filaments 7-10 mic. in diameter; trichomes 7-9.5 mic. in diameter
H. arboreus

439. Hapalosiphon flexuosus Borzi. Alghe d’Acqua Dolce della Papuasia.
La Nuova Notarisia. 43. 1892. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 570. 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 272. 1895.

Filaments decumbent, branched on all sides, consisting of a single row
of cells; branches 6-8 mic. in diameter, about equally thick in all parts,
flexuously interwoven; sheaths thin, smooth; cells elliptical depressed;
heterocysts similar to vegetative cells in form and size.

West Indies. In stream. Grande Soufriére, Dominica. November, De-
cember 1892. (Elliott).

440. Hapalosiphon aureus West and West. Welwitsch’s African Fresh-
water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 241. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 571.
1907.
West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 291. 1904.
Plant mass caespitose, densely interwoven, orange brown, growing
among other algae; primary filaments 11.5-12.5 mic. in diameter, tortuous
and interwoven, formed of a single series of cells; sheaths firm, tenacious,
thick, orange brown, transparent, finally becoming punctulate; trichomes
7.5-8 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate or spherical, shorter than
the diameter and somewhat ellipsoid, or oblong and seven or eight times
as long as broad; branches 6.5-9.5 mic. in diameter, frequently unilateral,

Myxophyceae 239

single or in pairs, long and flexuous, more slender than the primary fila-
ment, sometimes branched; sheaths thick and usually colorless; cells of the
branches variable, 4-6.5 mic. in diameter, similar to those in the primary
filament, often indistinct; heterocysts up to 6 mic. in diameter, 7-21 mic.
in length, rectangular, oblong, intercalary; gonidia not known; cell con-
tents finely granular, pale blue-green.

West Indies. Bay Estate, Barbados. (Howard).

441. Hapalosiphon fontinalis (Agardh) Bornet. Les Nostocacées Hétéro-
cystées du Systema Algarum de C. A. Agardh (1824) et leur Syno-
nymie actuelle (1889). Bull. Soc. Bot. de France. 36: 13. 1889. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 6r.
1887. (H. pumilus Kirchn.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 568. 1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sand-
vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 7, 1878. (H. braunii Naeg.).
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 39. 1881. (H.
brebissonii Kg.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 275, 277. pl. 196, f. 2-4, 22,
23. 1887. (H. braunii Kg, H. fucescens Kg,). Harvey. The Fresh-
Water Algae of Maine.—I. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15. 161. 1888. Bennett.
Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Brit-
ton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 606. 1889.
Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1893.
Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 30. 1894. Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills,
Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metro-
politan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896; The Algae of Jamaica.
Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 241. 1901. Saunders. The Algae. Harri-
man Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. I901. Setchell
and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:
196. 1903. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625.
1905. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 627. 1909.

Plate XIV. fig. 13.

Plant mass floccose, caespitose, dull blue-green, 3 mm. in height; pri-
mary filaments 21-24 mic. in diameter, creeping, interwoven, densely
branched on the upper side, containing a single row of cells, rarely two
or three, somewhat equal in diameter; sheaths somewhat thick, septate;
secondary filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, long, simple; sheaths continuous;
trichomes consisting of a row of single, cylindrical cells; heterocysts inter-
calary; hormogones 6 mic. in diameter, 100-300 mic. in length, made up of
from 14-50 cells.

Alaska. In a freshwater pond near Seldovia, Cook Inlet. (Saunders).
Maine. Old well. College Farm, near Orono. (Harvey). Massachusetts.
On the under side of Nuphar leaves. Spot Pond and Shiner Pool, Middle-
sex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island. Spectacle Pond. (Bennett). New
Jersey. On submerged plants in ponds. Dennisville, Atsion, Hammonton.
(Wolle). Minnesota. Lake Kilpatrick. June 1893. (Tilden). On perpen-
dicular rocks in stone quarry. Near campus, University of Minnesota, Min-
neapolis. September 1904. (Lippold). West Indies. On rock. “Wag

240 Minnesota Algae

Water,” Castleton, Jamaica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. Adhering
to leaves, in stagnant water. Mauna Kea, Hawaii. (Berggren).

Var. tenuissimus (Grunow) Collins and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
5. no. 212. 1896. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 570. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 39. 1881. (H.
tenuissimus Grun.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 277. pl. 106. f. 20, 21.
1887. Bennett. 1. c. 114. Wolle and Martindale. 1. c. 606.

Plant mass floccose; filaments irregularly branched in a squarrose man-
ner; branches spreading; sheaths very close, colorless, transparent; trich-
omes 3-4.2 mic. in diameter, often interrupted, variously curved, with in-
distinct, transverse walls; nearly equal in length to the diameter.

Massachusetts. Spot Pond, Medford. September 1890. (Collins).
Khode Island. Blackamore Pond. (Bennett). Connecticut. Attached to
under side of Nuphar leaves, Mill Pond, Lantern Hill, Ledyard. Septem-
her 1892. (Setchell). New Jersey. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. (Wolle).
Florida. (Wolle). Minnesota. (Wolle).

442. Hapalosiphon laminosus (Kuetzing) Hansgirg. Ueber den Polymor-
phismus der Algen. Bot. Centralblatt. 22: 48. 1885. Bornet and Fla-
A hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 55. 1887. De
4 Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 565. 1907.
Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 47. 1899. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 858. 1901. Setchell.
The Upper Temperature Limits of Life. Science. 17: 395. 1903.

Plate XIV. fig. 14, 15.

Plant mass irregular or expanded, carneous-spongiose or compact, part-
ly hardened with calcium carbonate, blue-green; filaments interwoven,
showing great variety of form; mature filaments 6 mic. in diameter, with
distinct sheath, often constricted at joints, containing a single row of cells,
rarely two rows, the cells being spherical depressed, barrel-shaped or cylin-
drical, branched; branches unilateral, erect, more slender than the primary
filament, composed of long, cylindrical cells; young filaments similar to
those of Anabaena, either with or without sheaths, crowded, with a
somewhat parallel arrangement, torulose in middle portion, tapering at the
ends, sometimes simple, sometimes branched; branches single or in pairs,
abruptly bent, with long, narrow cells; heterocysts intercalary, often wider
than the vegetative cells, spherical or oblong.

California. In long, dark, emerald green, penicillate tufts, waving in
a stream of hot water (temperature 49-50° C.). Arrowhead Hot Springs,
near San Bernadino. April 1808, (Setchell).

“Within the strictly thermal limits (waters over 43°-45° C.), only one
member of the higher and heterocysted Cyanophyceae has been noted,
viz, Hapalosiphon laminosus.”—Setchell.

Note.—H. major grows luxuriantly in water of a temperature of 54°
C., and even higher.

443. Hapalosiphon major Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 167.

Myxophyceae 241

1896; Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot.
Gaz. 25: 97. pl. 9. f. 10-43. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 565. 1907.

Plate XV. fig. 1-4.

Plant mass widely expanded, bright blue-green in color; filaments
branched; branches single or in pairs, sometimes abruptly bent; trichomes
3-6 mic. in diameter, sometimes cylindrical with indistinct transverse walls,
sometimes consisting of very long cells or short somewhat quadrate cells
or even spherical cells, the latter up to 11 mic. in diameter; heterocysts 8
mic. in diameter, 8-16 mic. in length, intercalary, oblong, barrel-shaped.

Wyoming. Completely coating bed of very swift mountain rivulet, at
vent of hot spring. Temperature of spring 61° C. The growth of the plant
begins here and disappears at a distance of fifty-five feet from spring where
the temperature is 51° C. The most luxuriant growth is thirty-five feet
from the spring at a temperature of 54° C. On a mountain near Lower
Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June 1896. (Tilden). Oregon.
In hot spring. Temperature 55° C. Cascade Mountains, lat. 45° 20’. 1895.
(Lloyd).

“The filaments of H. major are nearly twice the diameter of H.
laminosus Hansg. An important character of the latter plant is its
habit of forming crystals of lime, according to Cohn who studied the
plant at Carlsbad. The Yellowstone species occurred in silicious waters
only, at least it was not discovered at Mammoth Hot Springs, where the
waters contain calcium carbonate.”—Tilden.

444. Hapalosiphon intricatus West and West. On some Freshwater Algae
from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30:-271. 1895; A
Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies.
1. c. 34: 286. 1899. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 571. 1907.

Plate XV. fig. 5.

Plant mass caespitose, small, blue-green; filaments 4-7 mic. in diameter,
densely interwoven and variable, sparingly branched, containing a single
row of cells; branches single, unilateral, flexuous, similar to the primary
filament, with or without a sheath; mature sheaths close, usually distinct;
cells variable, up to three times longer than their diameter, often equal and
somewhat rotund, or elongate; heterocysts 3.8-5.5 mic. in diameter, one
to three times longer than diameter, somewhat quadrate or oblong, scat-
tered.

West Indies. In little intricate tufts among the leaves of Leuco-
bryum, on trees, summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet), Dominica. Novem-
ber, December 1892; in stream, Wotten Waven, Dominica, January, Feb-
ruary 1896. (Elliott).

445. Hapalosiphon arboreus West and West. On some Freshwater Algae
from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 272. 1895. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 572. 1907.

242 Minnesota Algae

Plate XV. fig. 6, 7.

Primary filaments 7-10 mic. in diameter, flexuous, here and there
branched on one side, formed from a single row of cells; sheaths close,
thin, colorless; branches short, resembling the primary filaments, but more
slender; cells 7-9.5 mic. in diameter, 7-19 mic. in length; heterocysts 6-9 mic.
in diameter, 9-11 mic. in length, quadrate or oblong, intercalary.

West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet), Dominica.
November, December 1892. (Elliott).

Genus FISCHERELLA (Bornet and Flahault) Gomont.
Journ. de Bot. 1. 1895.

Plant mass forming a continuous, more or less expanded layer, ter-
restrial; filaments of two kinds; primary filaments creeping, containing one
or two rows of cells, unilaterally very much branched; branches or sec-
ondary filaments erect, elongate, more slender than the primary, contain-
ing very long hormogones within the sheath.

I] Plants living in moist places; primary filaments 6-9 mic. in diameter
F. ambigua

II Plants living in moist places or in hot water; primary filaments 10-13
mic. in diameter F. thermalis

446. Fischerella ambigua (Naegeli). Gomont. Note sur le Scytonema am-
biguum Kuetz. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 9: 49. pl. 3. 1895. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 100. 1887.
(Scytonema ambiguum Kg.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
576. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 262. pl. 189. f. 2. 1887. (Symphyo-
siphon ambiguum Naeg.). Collins. Algae of Middlesex County.
13. 1888. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West
Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 270. 1895; A Further Contribution to
the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies. 1. c. 34: 286. 1899. Setchell
and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1:
196. 1903. Lemmerman, Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625.
1905.

Plate XV. fig. 8, 9.

Plant mass crustaceous, orbicular, up to 1 mm. in thickness, brown
becoming black; filaments 6-9 mic. in diameter, very slender, densely co-
alesced in vertical fascicles; false branches aggregated; sheaths gelatinous,
colorless, finally becoming brownish; trichomes 2-3 mic. in diameter, thicker
at the apices; cells and heterocysts elongate; hormogones very long; cell
contents pale greenish or yellowish brown.

United States. Frequently intermingled with larger algae, on moist
rocks, wet earth, etc. (Wolle). Massachusetts. Newton. (Farlow).
Mexico. (Lenormand). West Indies. On trees, summit of Trois Pitons
(4,500 feet). November, December 1892; on the ground, mostly in old
“Diablotia” holes, Morne Anglais (2,300 feet), July 1892; on banks near

Myxophyceae 243

summit. Couliabon (3,700 feet), Dominica, January, February 1896. (El-
liott). Hawaii. (Berggren).

In speaking of Tolypothrix byssoidea cylindrica Tilden,
Dr. Setchell states that “although the basal stratum and fasciculi of branch-
lets are not well developed, yet the branches seem to indicate this species
(F. am bigua) rather than the one to which Miss Tilden has referred it.”
Further investigation is needed to settle this point.

447. Fischerella thermalis (Schabe) Gomont. Note sur le Scytonema am-
biguum Kuetz. Morot. Journ. de Bot. 9: 52. 1895. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 66. 1887. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 574. 1907.

Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 223. 1877.

(Scytonema thermale Borzi). ‘Farlow. Notes on the Crypto-
gamic Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. (Fischera
thermalis americana Farlow). Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 211, 1896. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-

Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905. (Stigonema thermale (Schabe)
Borzi).

Plate XV. fig. Io, 11.

Plant mass .5 mm. in thickness, cushion-shaped, woolly, expanded,
blackish olive or blue-green; primary filaments 10-13 mic. in diameter,
creeping, interwoven, constricted at joints, very much branched on the up-
per side; cells somewhat spherical, surrounded by a close, colorless or yel-
lowish sheath; branches 7-9 mic. in diameter, erect, cylindrical, or some-
times inflated and torulose; cells somewhat quadrate, separated; hormo-
gones of three to six cells, showing vacuolar cell contents; sheaths close,
continuous; heterocysts intercalary and lateral.

New Hampshire. On stone in damp woods. Shelburne, Lake Willough-
by; on granite rocks near Shelburne. (Farlow). Hawaii. In hot water.
Crater of Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

Var. mucosa Lemmermann. I. c. 626. pl. 8. f. 16-18. 1905. De Toni. 1. c.
575-

7

Plate XV. fig. 12.

Filaments 14-21 mic. in diameter, slightly or not at all constricted at
joints, almost regularly dichotomously branched; sheaths wide, transparent,
mucous, trichomes constricted at the joints; cells quadrate, cylindrical or
disc-shaped; apical cell hemispherical, with less granular contents; hetero-
cysts not known; hormogones consisting of four to six cells, filled with
vacuoles, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath; protoplasmic contents (in
preserved material) spindle-shaped or spherical, in contact with that of
adjoining cells by means of protoplasmic threads passing through the
transverse walls.

Hawaii. In hot water. Kilauea, Hawaii. (Schauinsland).

244 Minnesota Algae

Genus STIGONEMA Agardh. Syst. Algar. 20. 1824.

Plants terrestrial or aquatic; plant mass rigid, blackish brown, or
cushion-like and soft; filaments free, rarely laterally aggregated, scattered;
trichomes, in the larger filaments, consisting of two or several rows of
cells; heterocysts often lateral, here and there intercalary, hormogones
developed in the apices of vegetative branches or in short special branches.

I Trichomes in the mature filaments consisting usually of a single row
of cells
1 Filaments 7-15 mic. in diameter; sheaths usually colorless
S. hormoides
2 Filaments 25 mic. in diameter; cells 14 mic. in diameter, 6-8 mic. in
length S. aerugineum
3 Filaments 24-26 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, lamellose
S. panniforme
4 Filaments 14-38 mic. in diameter; sheaths yellowish brown
S. tomentosum
5 Filaments 24-45 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless
or yellowish brown S. ocellatum

II Trichomes in the mature filaments consisting usually of two or severai
rows of cells
1 Filaments up to 35 mic. in diameter
(1) Filaments 18-28 mic. in diameter; cells often surrounded by a
special darker colored envelope S. minutum
(2) Filaments 27-37 mic. in diameter; cells throughout the entire
length of the filament uniformly divided S&S. turfaceum
2 Filaments 40-90 mic. in diameter
(1) Hormogones 45 mic. in length, terminal, solitary or in series
S. informe
(2) Plants rigid; hormogones 45 mic. in length, lateral
S. mamillosum
Species not well understood
S. brandegeei

448. Stigonema hormoides (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 68. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 577- 1907.

West and West. On some Freshwater Algae ‘from the West Indies.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 272. 1895. Collins. Algae. Flora of the Blue
Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of
the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 259. 1897. West and
West. A Further Contribution to the Freshwater Algae of the West Indies.
1. c. 34: 286. 18909. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7:
47. 1899. Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904.

Plant mass thin, somewhat woolly, brownish black; filaments 7-15

Myxophyceae 245

mic. in diameter, 3 decimill. long, decumbent, slender, densely interwoven,
irregularly and sparingly branched; branches erect, flexuous, somewhat toru-
lose, equal in diameter to the primary filament; sheaths thick, colorless
ar yellowish; cells somewhat spherical, loosely arranged in a single row,
rarely in two rows; heterocysts scattered; cell contents pale blue-green.

New Hampshire. One of the species composing the brown coating on
the wall of the “Flume.” (Collins). Massachusetts. In gelatinous masses,
on dripping rocks. Cascade, Middlesex Fells. April 1896. (Collins). West
Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4,500 feet); on rocks, Roseau
Valley (1,000-2,000 feet), June 1892; abundant on banks, Morne Micotrin;
on roadside and on bank near Roseau Lake (2,700 feet); on rocks, Castle
Bruce River (2,000-3,000 feet), Dominica, January, February 1896. (Elliott).

Var. tenue West and West. 1. c. 30: 273. pl. 15. f. 4-8. 1895. De Toni.
lc. 578.

Plate XV. fig. 13.

Filaments more slender, 5.5-7 mic. in diameter.

West Indies. With the typical form but much more abundant. (Elliott).

Var. rhizodes (Kuetzing) Hansgirg. Prodromus der Algenflora von
Bohmen. 2: 25. 1892. De Toni. 1. c. 578.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 274. 1887.

Plant mass brownish black; filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter; branches
unilateral, slightly tapering or thickened at the apices.

Vermont. On moist rocks. Charlotte. (Wolle).

449. Stigonema aerugineum n. sp.
Plate XV. fig. 14.

Plant mass forming a brown, membranous layer; filaments 25 mic. in
diameter, rounded at apices, rare, mixed with other algae; branches short,
straight, spreading; sheaths thick, homogeneous, colorless; cells 14 mic.

in diameter, 6-8 mic. in length, oval or depressed globose, crowded, usually
forming a single row; heterocysts 8 mic. in diameter, somewhat spherical;
cell contents bright blue-green.

Hawaii. Covering bottom of pool. On Puna Road, thirteen miles from
Hilo, Hawaii. July 1900. (Tilden).

450. Stigonema panniforme (Agardh) Kirchner. Algen Kryptogamen-
Flora von Schlesien. 230. 1878. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 71. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 580. 1907. :

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 73. pl. 9. f. 3.

1872. (Sirosiphon argillaceus Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Al-

gae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 185. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 273.

pl. 193. f. 12, 13. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888.

(Sirosiphon pulvinatus Bréb.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae.

Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:

605. 1889. Hauck and Richter. Phykotheka Universalis. Fasc. 4. no. 645.

1889. West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies.

246 Minnesota Algae

Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 273. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 61. 1895. Collins, Algae. Flora of the Blue
Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of
the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128. 1896; Phycolog-
ical Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.

Plant mass caespitose, expanded, olive-black; filaments 24-36 mic. in-
diameter, up to 1 mm. in length, decumbent, flexuous, intricate, tapering
at the apices, irregularly branched; branches erect, agglutinated laterally
in fascicles, as thick as the primary filament; sheaths thick, yellowish or
yellowish-brown, roughened on the surface; cells short, separated, usually
in one series; heterocysts scattered; hormogones terminal, 20 mic. in diame-
ter, about 100 mic, in length.

Maine, Growing on rocks and moss just above high water mark, but
wet by spray in rough weather. Cape Rosier. July 1894. (Collins). New
Hampshire. In crevices of rocks. Shelburne. August 1894. (Farlow).
Massachusetts. Wet rock. Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island.
Pocasset Brook. (Bennett). Connecticut. On vertical faces of trap rocks.
Sargent’s River, Woodbridge. November 1891. (Setchell). On moist rocks.
Sage’s Ravine, below first falls, Salisbury. October. (Holden). New Jer-
sey. Frequent, on moist rocks. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Wet mountain
cliff. Pike County. (Wolle). South Carolina. On a moist clay bank near
Aiken. August 1869. (Ravenel). West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois
Fitons (4,500 feet); on rocks, Roseau Valley (1,000-2,000 feet), Dominica.
(Elliott).

451. Stigonema tomentosum (Kuetzing) Hieronymus. Bemerkungen
ueber einige Arten der Gattung Stigonema Ag. Hedwigia. 34: 166.
1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 581. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 269. pl. 191. f. 1-20; pl. 195. f. 16. 1887.
(Sirosiphon pulvinatus alpinus (Kg.) Wolle).

Plant mass compact, woolly, up to 2 mm. in height, often cracked, crus-
taceous, brownish black; filaments 14-38 mic. in diameter; primary filaments
decumbent, giving off numerous elongate, erect, flexuous branches; branches
often densely agglutinated into fascicles; sheaths yellowish or brownish;
trichomes for the most part consisting of a single row of cells rarely of
two rows; cells of the older filaments somewhat quadrate or spherical,
rarely somewhat cylindrical, each surrounded by a special, deeper colored
envelope; cells of the younger filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, often com-
pressed, wider than long, with blue-green contents; heterocysts not rare,
lateral or oftener intercalary, somewhat quadrate or spherical, oftener com-
pressed, wider than long, yellowish; hormogones Io mic. in diameter, 40-100
mic. in length.

West Virginia. Wet rocks. Black Water Creek. (Wolle).

452. Stigonema ocellatum (Dillwyn) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées.
380. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.

Bot. VII. 5: 69. 1887. De Toni, Syll. Algar. 5: 578. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm, Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 36. 1870-1877.
(Sirosiphon pluviale Crouan). Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water

Myxophyceae 247

Algae North America. 60, 71. pl. 8. f. 2, 3. 1872. (Sirosiphon pellu-
cidulus Wood, S. neglectus Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.
III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 185. 1877. (Sirosiphon crameri Brigg).
Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicensi-
bus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 7. 1878. Wolle. Fresh Water Algae.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 285. 1879. (Sirosiphon ocellatus Kg.)
Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Mountains. Ap-
palachfa. 3: 236. 1883. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc.
no. 668. 1883. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 272. pl. 194. £. 1-3, 11-16.
1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114. 1888. Wolle and Martin-
dale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv.
N. J. 2: 605. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
Jo. no. 455. 1808. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7:
48. 1890. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 196. 1903. Collins. Algae of
the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-In-
seln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 625. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1309. 1906. Tilden. Notes on a collection of Algae
from Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 155. 1908; American Algae.
Cent. VII. Fasc. 1. no. 626. 1909. :

Plate XV. fig. 15-17.

Plant mass caespitose or cushion-like, woolly, brownish; filaments 3-8
mm. long, erect, decumbent at the base, irregularly branched; branches
scarcely more slender than the primary filaments, 35-45 mic. in diameter,
elongate, straight, spreading, all bearing hormogones; sheaths thick, lamel-
lose, colorless or yellowish brown; trichomes consisting of one, rarely
two rows of cells; cells 20-30 mic. in diameter, of various sizes, often
wider than long, each surrounded by a special, darker colored envelope;
heterocysts rare, lateral; hormogones 15 mic. in diameter, 50-65 mic. in
length.

Alaska. On rocks in a rapid stream emptying into Glacier Bay; floating
in a quiet freshwater pool, Prince William Sound, June 1899. (Saunders).
New Hampshire. Common on the wet rocks of the Flume and Berlin Falls.
(Farlow). One of the species composing the brown coating on wall of
Flume. September 1904; among decaying vegetation on bottom of lake.
Lake Chocorua. September 1906, (Collins). Massachusetts. Attached to
Sedges in freshwater swamp. Falmouth. August 1897. (Moore). Rhode
Island. Quidnessett. (Bennett). New York. Forming, with minute
mosses, a blackish, turfy coating to a steep slope of bare rock (5,000 feet),
over portions of which water is continually dripping. Near top of Mount
Tahawus, Adirondack Mountains. (Wcod). New Jersey. Forming, with
various other species of algae, a gelatinous blue-green or brown stratum; in
a very stagnant pool; on submerged sticks in swampy places, “in dark
brown waving tufts, about one-half inch in length”; Bamber Lake, 1883.
(Wolle). Florida. In a marsh pool. Near Hibernia. (Canby). Central
America. Growing on edges of steam-holes on side of Volcano Santa
Maria, near Lake Atitlan. February 1906. (Kellerman). West Indies. On

248 Minnesota Algae

rocks. Castle Bruce River (2,000-3,000 feet), Dominica. January, February
1896. (Elliott). Hawaii. In stagnant water. Mauna Kea, Hawaii. (Berg-
gren, Lemmermann).

453. Stigonema minutum (Agardh) Hassall. History of the British Fresh-
water Algae. 1: 230. pl. 67. f. 3, 4. 1845. Bornet and Flahault. Revis.
des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 72. 1887. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 582. 1907.

Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the Freshwater Algae of Eastern
North America. 133. 1869; Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.
72, 74. pl. g. f. 2. 1872. (Sirosiphon acervatus Wood, S. lignico-
la Wood). Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 273. pl. 193. f. 1-11. 1887.
West and West. On some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ.
Linn, Soc. Bot. 30: 273. 1895; A Further Contribution to the Freshwater
Algae of the West Indies. 1. c. 34: 286. 1899. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 15. no. 713. 1900. Saunders. The Algae. Harri-
man Alaska Exped. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399: 1901. Setchell and
Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 197. 1903.
Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of
the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Lemmermann. AlI-
genfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905.

Plate XV. fig. 18, 19.

Plant mass crustaceous or cushion-like, thin, fragile, blackish; filaments
18-28 mic. in diameter, about I mm. in length, decumbent at the base, as-
cending, flexuously curved, branched; branches sometimes long, similar
to the primary filaments, sometimes very short, bearing hormogones, often
very much crowded on one side; sheaths yellowish or yellowish brown,
lamellose, the special envelope surrounding each cell frequently of a deep-
er color; trichomes in the basal portion of the filament usually consisting
of one row of cells, those in the middle and upper portions often composed
of two to four rows; heterocysts numerous, lateral or intercalary; hormo-
gones IZ-I5 mic. in diameter 25-35 mic. in length.

Alaska. Forming a thin brown coating with Chroococcus rufes-
cens, on damp rocks, several hundred feet above sea level. Prince William
Sound. (Trelease). Greenland. (Borgesen). New Hampshire. One of
the species composing the brown coating on wall of the Flume. September
1904. (Collins). Massachusetts. On wet cliff. Cascade, Melrose. April
1900. (Collins). Connecticut. On submerged rocks in Plantain Pond,
Salisbury. October. (Holden). South Carolina, On old boards. April; on
boards over which spring water was constantly running, August; growing
on bark of Ilex opaca; on old wood and on trunks of trees. (Ravenel);
West Indies. On damp wall of dam. Sharp’s River, St. Vincent; on trees,
summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet); on lime-trees, Shanford Estate; in
stream, Wotten Waven, Dominica. (Elliott). Hawaii. On gravelly vol-
canic soil. Hilo, Hawaii. (Berggren, Schauinsland).

Var. saxicola (Naegelii) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 73. De Toni. 1.
c. 584.

Myxophyceae 249

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Characeis ex Insulis Sandvicen-
sibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 7. 1878. (Sirosiphon saxicola
Naeg.). Farlow. Notes on the Cryptogamic Flora of the White Moun-
tains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dule.
FExsicc. no. 669. 1884.

Plant mass usually thin, crustaceous; filaments 15-21 mic. in diameter;
sheaths brown or brownish yellow; cells usually compressed, spherical in
the primary filaments, short and often dense in the branches, in the apex
truncate and forming a single row.

New Hampshire. On exposed rocks and on Stereocaulon.
Top of Cabot Mountain, Shelburne. (Farlow). Pennsylvania. (Wolle).
Hawaii. On gravelly volcanic soil. Hilo, Hawaii. (Berggren)

454. Stigonema turfaceum (Berkeley) Cooke. British Fresh-Water Algae
272. pl. 111. f. 2, 1882-1884. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 74. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 584.
1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 75. 1872.
(Sirosiphon pulvinatus Bréb.). West. The Freshwater Algae
of Maine. Journ. of Bot. 27: 207. 1889. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem
Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 7: Heft. 42. 4. 1897.

Plate XV. fig. 20.

Plant mass cushion-like,. deep olivaceous black; filaments 27-37 mic.
in diameter, up to I mm, in length, decumbent at the base, ascending, vari-
ously curved, much branched; branches resembling the primary filament,
erect, bearing hormogones at the apex; sheaths thick, lamellose, yellowish
brown; trichomes consisting of from two to four rows of cells; heterocysts
collateral; hormogones 12 mic. in diameter, 45 mic. in length.

Greenland. East coast. Summers of 1892 and 1893. (VanhOffen).
Maine. (West). New Jersey. Growing on exposed face of rocks. (Aus-
tin). Pennsylvania. On rocks. Near Philadelphia. (Wood).

Var. parvus Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America.
75. pl. ro. f. 1. 1872. De Toni. I. c. 585.

Filaments closely interwoven into a deep olive black, turfy mass, very
thick, irregularly and frequently branched, yellowish brown; branches poly-
morphous, their apices usually obtusely rounded, containing from one to
four rows of cells; sheaths thick, light yellowish brown, sometimes color-
less; trichomes consisting usually of several row of cells, cell contents gran-
ular, usually deep brown, sometimes light green.

Pennsylvania. On the face of dripping rocks along the Wissahickon
Creek, near Philadelphia. (Hunt).

455. Stigonema informe Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 319. 1849. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. VII. 5: 75. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 585. 1907.
Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 73. pl. 8. f. 4.
1872, (Sirosiphon guttula Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III.

250 Minnesota Algae
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 185. 1877. (Sirosiphon coralloides Kg, S.,
lacustris Rab.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 270. pl. 191. f. 21; pl. 192. f.
9-12. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 605. 1889. West and West. On
some Freshwater Algae from the West Indies. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30.
273. 1895. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1896;
Notes on Cyanophyceae.—lI. Erythea. 4: 191. 18096.

Plate XV. fig. 21.

Plant mass expanded, caespitose or crustaceous, somewhat mucous,
brownish or black; filaments 40-70 mic. in diameter, 1-2 mm. in length, erect
from a decumbent base, irregularly branched; branches 45 mic. in diameter,
straight or bent, branched on upper side, all bearing hormogones; sheaths
thick, lamellose, yellowish brown; cells 15-18 mic. in diameter; heterocysts
numerous, collateral; hormogones 18 mic. in diameter, 45 mic. in length,
solitary or in series.

Vermont. Wet rocks. Mt. Mansfield. (Wolle). Connecticut. In small
quantity in Long Pond, Lantern Hill, Ledyard. (Setchell). New Jersey.
On stones constantly washed by the waves, along the rocky shores of
Green Pond, Morris. (Wolle). On dry rocks and on moist rocks. (Austin.)
South Carolina. Growing on the bark of Taxodiumdistichum. Aiken.
(Ravenel). West Indies. On trees. Summit of Trois Pitons (4500 feet).
Dominica. (Elliott).

456. Stigonema mamillosum (Lyngbye) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 42. 1824.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
5: 77. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 587. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 77. 1872.
Farlow. Marine Algae New England. 40. 1882; Notes on the Cryptogamic
Flora of the White Mountains. Appalachia. 3: 236. 1883. Collins. Algae.
Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894; Algae.
Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook
Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 128.
1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phy. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 356. 1897.
Collins. Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904; Phycological Notes of
the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237, 243. 1905.

Plate XV. fig. 22.

Plant mass cushion-like, woolly, up to 12 mm. in thickness; filaments
up to 65 mic. in diameter, erect, rigid, interwoven, very much branched at
the base; branches 45-50 mic. in diameter, gradually tapering at the ends,
erect, spreading, with numerous branchlets; some branchlets sterile, long
and thick, others bearing hormogones, mammilliform, short, spreading,
shorter than the diameter of the branch, 24 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick,
lamellose, often torulose, yellowish brown; hormogones short, 15 mic. in
diameter, 45-50 mic. in length; heterocysts collateral.

Newfoundland. On submerged stones in a pond at the foot of Windsor
Lake, near St. John’s. July 1897. (Holden). Maine. On rocks in outlet of
Hadlock Lower Pond. (Holden). New Hampshire. On submerged stones

Myxophyceae 251

in the Androscoggin River, Shelburne. (Farlow). On rocks just outside the
Flume. (Collins). Massachusetts. In a brook which empties into the sea
at Rafe’s Chasm, Magnolia Cove, in Gloucester. (Farlow). On pebbles at
margin of Spot Pond, Cascade, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Connecticut.
On damp rocks in Mill River, near Samp Mortar Rock; on stones in Pequon-
nock River. July. (Holden). New York. Round Pond, near West Point.
(Bailey).

457. Sirosiphon brandegeei Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 274. pl. 104.
f. 17-27. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 590. 1907.
Filaments 12-20 mic. in diameter, with somewhat pointed apices, red-
dish brown; cells in one, two or three rows.

Colorado. On “shores” of a soda spring. Cannon City (Brandegee).

Genus CAPSOSIRA Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 344. 1849.

Plant mass hemispherical, cushion-like, attached by lower surface,
formed of filaments growing together laterally, aquatic; filaments erect,
branched, composed of a single row of cells; sheaths septate; heterocysts
intercalary and lateral; hormogones composed of from 10-20 cells; gonidia
spherical; wall of gonidium thick, brownish.

458. Capsosira brebissonii Kuetzing. Spec. Algar. 344. 1849. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 79. 1887.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 592. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. Setch-
ell, Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
22: 427. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 26.
no. 1257. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 1.

Plant mass crustaceous-confluent or hemispherical, 1-3 mm. thick, gelat-:
inous, hard, blackish green, within showing concentric zones of green and
yellowish tints; filaments 7.5 mic. in diameter, straight, densely crowded,
irregularly branched, torulose; branches appressed, close, upright, fastig-
iate; sheaths thick, gelatinous, not lamellose, colorless or yellowish; cells
4-5 mic. in diameter, somewhat globose, distant; heterocysts lateral.

New Hampshire. On shells. Lake Chocorua. September 1904. (Far-
low). Connecticut. Growing on a large rock on the eastern side of
Round Pond at Lantern Hill, near Mystic. (Setchell).

Genus NOSTOCHOPSIS Wood.
Prodr. Fresh-Water Alg. N. A. 126. 1869.

Plant mass or colony gelatinous, definite, aquatic; trichomes formed
of a single row of cells, branched; heterocysts intercalary and lateral, pedi-
cellate or sessile.

459. Nostochopsis lobatus Wood. Prodromus of a Study of the Fresh-
Water Algae of Eastern North America. 127. 1869; Contr. Hist.
Fresh-Water Algae North America. 45. pl. 3. f. 6. 1872. Bornet

252 Minnesota Algae

and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5: 80.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 592. 1907.

Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 225. 1883. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 110. 1895. Setchell.
Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22:
427. 1895. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II.
Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 2.

Colony vesicular, lobed, up to 2 cm. in diameter, hollow, blue-green
or yellowish green; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, 1 mm. in length, branch-
ed from the base, loose, elongate, flexuous, often constricted at joints;
branches unilateral, fastigiate, cylindrical below, torulose in upper portions,
somewhat club-shaped; cells up to twice as long as wide; heterocysts
lateral, exserted, or intercalary.

Vermont. Forming expansions of several inches in water courses. Fer-
risburg. (Faxon and Hosford). Connecticut. Forming irregular, firmly
gelatinous balls growing upon stones in more or less rapid water in a
brook just west of the “head” of the mountain. Mt. Carmel, about seven
miles north of New Haven. September 1893 and 1895. (Setchell). In brook.
Mt. Carmel. September. (Holden). Pennsylvania. Floating. Schuylkill
River, just above Manayunk. (Wood).

Family V. RIVULARIACEAE

Filaments tapering from base to apex, ending in a colorless hair, simple
or branched; false branches due to development of new trichome from a
cell of the main trichome, usually occurring immediately under an inter-
calary heterocyst—rarely by the perforation of the sheath between two
heterocysts by the trichome, as in Scytonema—either separating immediate-
ly and forming a new sheath, or remaining for some time within the origi-
nal sheath; heterocysts usually present, usually basal, occasionally inter-
calary; reproduction by means of vegetative division, hormogones and
gonidia.

] Heterocysts not present Amphithrix

TI WHeterocysts present
i Filaments free, simple or coalesced into a branched plant mass
(1) Sheaths cylindrical
A Filaments simple or branched; false branches distinct, free
Calothrix
B Filaments branched; false branches several (two to six) remain-
ing within the original sheath or common tegument
Dichothrix
C Filaments branched; false branches many (up to a hundred) re-
maining within the original sheath or common tegument
Polythrix
(2) Sheaths thick, saccate Sacconema

Myxophyceae 253

2 Filaments coalesced into a crustaceous, spherical or hemispherical,
mucous or gelatinous plant mass or colony

(1) Heterocysts basal
A Filaments simple, parallel, associated in a crustaceous layer

Isactis
B Filaments branched, radially arranged, associated in a spherical
or hemispherical colony Rivularia
(2) Heterocysts intercalary Brachytrichia

Genus AMPHITHRIX Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 220. 1843.

Plant mass crustaceous or caespitose, thin, expanded, of a purple
or violet color, consisting of two layers: the lower layer composed of
densely interwoven filaments or of minute, radiately disposed series of
cells; the upper layer consisting of simple erect filaments, closely packed
together and tapering to fine points; sheaths thin, close, continuous;
hormogones solitary or in series; heterocysts not present.

460. Amphithrix janthina (Montagne) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 344. 1886. De Toni. Sylt.
Algar. 5: 601. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae.—VI. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 23:2. 1896; Preliminary Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine
Algae, Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.
—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 3.

Plant mass crustaceous, thin, purple; filaments 1.5-2.2 mic. in diameter,
a-5 decimill. in length, erect, close, purplish; sheaths thin, uniform, very
close; cells equal to the diameter in length; hormogones 20 mic. in length;
cell contents pale blue-green.

Massachusetts. On wet cliffs just above high water mark. Rockport.
(Collins). Connecticut. Coating stones in Island Brook, below R. R.
October. (Holden).

Var. torulosa (Grunow) Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 344. De Toni. 1. c.
601.

Collins, Notes on New England Marine Algae. VI. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 23: 2. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
6. no. 262. 1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

Filaments up to 5 mm. in length; trichomes torulose.

Massachusetts. Forming a purplish coating on stone in ditch in salt
marsh near Linden Station, Revere. September 1892. (Collins).

461. Amphithrix violacea (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3:344. 1886. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 602. 1907.

254 Minnesota Algae

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 218. 1896.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2:41. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II.
Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 4.

Plant mass caespitose, brownish red or violet; filaments 2-3 mic. in
diameter, 1-3 mm. in length, erect, fasciculate; sheaths thin, uniform;
trichomes constricted at the joints; cells shorter than their diameter; cell
contents granular.

Maine. On cliffs at high water mark. Eagle Island, Penobscot Bay.
July 1892. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On stones.
Fresh Pond. November. (Holden).

Genus CALOTHRIX Agardh. Syst. Algar. 24. 1824.

Plant mass consisting of penicillate tufts or a soft velvety expansion;
filaments simple or slightly branched; heterocysts basal or intercalary, ab-
sent in a few species; gonidia basal, seriate.

I Heterocysts not present. C. juliana

II Heterocysts present.
1 Plants living in salt water
(1) Heterocysts basal
A Plants fasciculate or penicillate, parasitic
a Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter C. confervicola
b Filaments 21-29 mic. in diameter C. consociata
B Plants caespitose, often growing on rocks

a Filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter; cell contents violet
C. fusco-violacea

b Filaments 10-18 mic. in diameter; cell contents olive green
C. scopulorum

c Filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter; cell contents olive green
C. contarenii

d Filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter; cell contents olive green
C. pulvinata
e Plants parasitic; filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, thickened intoa
bulb at the base; cell contents blue-green
C. parasitica
(2) Heterocysts basal and intercalary
A Filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, scarcely thickened at base
C. aeruginea
B_ Filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter; false branches solitary
C. prolifera
C Filaments 12-21 mic. in diameter; false branches fasciculate at
the apex of the filament C. fasciculata

Myxophyceae 255

D_ Filaments 12-24 mic. in diameter; false branches in pairs, arising

between two heterocysts C. vivipara
E Filaments 10-40 mic. in diameter, interwoven at base, decumbent
C. pilosa
F Filaments 12-40 mic. in diameter, not branched; sheaths yellowish
brown C. crustacea

2 Plants living in fresh water
(1) Plants epiphytic
A Filaments 5-7.5 mic. in diameter; trichomes 3.4-4 mic. in diameter
C. epiphytica
B Filaments 7-8 mic. in diameter; heterocysts basal, usually in pairs
C. scytonemicola
C Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6-9 mic. in diameter,
especially constricted at joints; heterocysts basal, in pairs
C. stagnalis
D Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, curved and bulbous-inflated
at the base; trichomes 7-8 mic. in diameter
C. fusca
E Filaments 5-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes thicker at the base;
trichomes 3.5-5.5 mic. in diameter
C. sandwicensis
F Filaments 15-16 mic. in diameter at base; sheaths thick, lamellose,
finally becoming brownish black; cells very short
C. breviarticulata
G Filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter; sheaths wide, often truncate,
almost colorless; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter
C. violacea
H Filaments 18-24 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, gelatinous, lamel-
lose, finally ocreate C. adscendens

(2) Plants living in warm or hot water

A Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths somewhat thick, uni-
form, transparent, sometimes yellowish at base; heterocysts
basal, rarely intercalary C. thermalis

B Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths close, ocreate, trans-
parent, becoming yellowish brown; heterocysts basal and in-
tercalary, spherical or quadrate C. calida

C Filaments 10-11 mic. in diameter; sheaths close, thick, lamellose,
ocreate, transparent and yellowish C. kuntzei

(3) Plants living on stones and wood
A Filaments 9-10 mic. in diameter; sheaths narrow, close, uniform,
colorless; trichomes 6-7 mic. in diameter C. braunii
B Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter; sheaths thick, close, uniform
or ocreate, yellowish brown -- C. parietina
C Filaments 12-13 mic. in diameter; sheaths thin, close, uniform,
colorless or yellowish C. castellii

256 Minnesota Algae

Species not well understood

C. donnellii
M. elongatum
M. fertile

M. fibrosum
M. halos

C. lacucola

S. obscurus
M. pardoxum
C. rhizosoleniae
M. sejunctum
M. turgida

462. Calothrix juliana (Meneghini) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 348. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
605. 1907.

Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 22: 425. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 3. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Century II. no. 163. 1896. Col-
lins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am, Acad. 37: 241. 1901. Brown. Algal

periodicity in certain ponds and streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 247.
1908.

Plate XVI. fig. 5.

Filaments scattered or forming an interrupted, olivaceous layer, dense-
ly crowded, erect, simple, rigid, often thickened at the base, 10-15 mic. in
diameter, 2 mm. in length; sheaths thin, close, not lamellose, colorless;
trichomes 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, ending in a long, tapering, fragile hair;
cells three times shorter than their diameter; hormogones 4 or 5 times
longer than their diameter.

United States. (Farlow). Massachusetts. Massopoag Brook, Sharon.
(Setchell). Connecticut. Growing on wood and on stones. Trading Cove
Brook, Norwich; Quinebaug River, Lisbon. (Setchell). Forming small iso-
lated blackish tufts (1-3 mm. in diameter), on smooth stones in shallow
water. Trading Cove Brook, Norwich. September 1892. (Setchell). In-
diana. Bloomington. (Brown). California. On stones in stream. Pasa-
dena, January 1896. (McClatchie). West Indies. On stones in stream.
Roaring River, St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey).

463. Calothrix confervicola (Roth) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 70. 1824. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 349.
1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 606. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 105. 1858. Farlow. List
Marine Algae United States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875.
Hall. List of the Marine Algae growing in Long Island Sound within 20
miles of New Haven. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 112. 1876. Farlow. Marine
Algae of New England. 36. pl. 1. f. 6. 1881. Pike. Check List of Marine

Myxophyceae 257

Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Bennett. Plants of Rhode
Island. 95. 1888. Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 15: 310. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 5. 1888; Algae of Middle-
sex County. 13. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast
and adjacent waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: g1. 1880.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 602. 1889. Anderson. List of California Marine
Algae, with notes. Zoe. 2: 218. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc, 1. no. 9. 1895. Collins. Preliminary lists of New England
Plants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc.
Am. Acad. 37: 241. 1901. Lemmerman, E, Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot.
Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Hol-
den.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 6-8.

Filaments gregarious, stellately fasciculate, attached to larger algae, rigid,
not thickened at the base, blackish green or lead-colored, 12-25 mic. in
diameter, 2-3 mm. in length; sheaths close, very often entirely colorless,
sometimes yellowish brown in lower parts, homogeneous, soft, gelatinous
in upper portions; trichomes 10-18 mic. in diameter; cells four or five times
shorter than their diameter; heterocysts one or two, basal; hormogones
numerous in the sheath, four to six times longer than their diameter.

Canada. On other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull).
New England. On algae of all kinds. Very common in summer. (Farlow).
Maine, (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. On
Enteromorpha intestinalis in ditches in salt marshes. Wood’s
Hole. July 1892. (Setchell), “Parasitic” on various algae at Brant Point;
on Ulva in salt water, Medford, Everett. (Collins). Rhode Island. On
the filiform marine algae. (Bailey, Olney, Hunt). Connecticut. On R u p-
pia, Fresh Pond, August. (Holden). New York. Shores of Long Island.
In fresh and salt water. Bay Ridge, Fort Hamilton. Summer. Staten Island.
(Pike). New Jersey. On rockweed. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale).
Hudson: Hoboken and Communipaw. (Pike). New York Bay. (Hooper).
California. Common. (Anderson). West Indies. On various algae. Port
Antonio. Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. On marine algae.
Laysan. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).

Var. purpurea Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 350. De Toni. 1. c. 607.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 30. no. 1456. 1908.

Trichomes purple.

Maine. On Cladophora expansa (Kuetz). In marsh pools.
Stover’s Point. Harpswell. 13 July 1905. (Collins).

464. Calothrix consociata (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 351. 1886. De Toni. Syli. Algar.
5: 607. 1907.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern University. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 197. 1903.

238 Minnesota Algae

Plate XVI. fig. 9.

Filaments gregarious and stellately fasciculate, attached to filiform al-
gae, curved, decumbent and slightly thickened at the base, blackish green,
21-29 mic. in diameter, .5 mm, in length; sheaths close, membranaceous,
brownish, with dilated, funnel-shaped apex, the outside layers colorless;
trichomes 12 mic. in diameter; cells three times shorter than the diameter;
heterocysts basal; cell contents olive.

Washington, On grasses in a salt marsh. Head of Penn’s Cove, near
Coupeville, Whidbey Island. (Gardner).

465. Calothrix fusco-violacea Crouan in herb. Thuret and Mus. Paris. Bor-
net and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3:
352. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 608. 1907.

Setchell, Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 87. 18096. Collins,
Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 217. 1896. Collins. Pre-
liminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41.
1900.

Plate XVI. fig. Io.

Filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter, .5 mm. in length, gregarious, forming a
velvety, indefinite or violet mass, bent and thickened at the base; sheaths
close, thin, colorless, uniform, gelatinous and diffluent in upper parts; trich-
omes 7-8 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, at first ending in a short
hair which falls off when hormogones are formed, leaving apex truncate;
cells shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal, often worn out; hormo-
gones many within the sheath, up to ten times longer than their diameter.

Massachusetts. Forming orbicular velvety patches, reddish purple to
dark blue-green in color, on Punctaria plantaginea. Wood’s Hole.
Summer of 1895. (Nott).

466. Calothrix scopulorum (Weber and Mohr) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 70.
1824. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
VII. 3: 353. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 608. 1907.

Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 105. 1858. Farlow. List
Marine Algae United States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875.
Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 322. 1883. Pike. Check List of Marine
Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Collins. Algae from Atlantic
City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode
Island. 95. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and
Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: gr. 1889.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. Collins. Algae.——Rand and Red-
field’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 246. 1894. Rosenvinge. Les
Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894;
Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues marines du Groenland. Medd. om Groen-
land. 20: 121. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—
V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 17. no. 805. rgor. Setchell and Gard-

Myxophyceae 259

ner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 197. 1903.
Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223,
243. 1905. Borgesen and Jonsson. The Distribution of the Marine Algae
cf the Arctic Sea and of the Northernmost Part of the Atlantic. Bot.
Faeroes. App. XXV. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 11, 12.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, widely expanded, dark green or olive;
filaments 10-18 mic. in diameter, up to 1 mm. in length, twisted and curled,
moderately thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, colorless, yel-
lowish brown, or forming yellowish and colorless zones, lamellose in the
larger filaments, variously dilated and expanded; trichomes 8-15 mic. in
diameter, ending in a hair; heterocysts one to three, basal; hormogones
numerous in the sheath, four or five times longer than their diameter.

Greenland, Forming “in conjunction with several other algae, a thin
stratum over stones within the upper part of the littoral zone. It is scarce
here (in the Polar Sea), and nowhere occurs in great masses. It has been
found both on exposed and sheltered coasts.” Greenland Sea; West coast
of Spitzbergen. (Kjellman). Forming a gelatinous cushion upon rocks in
the littoral region. (Sorenson). East and west portions. (Boérgesen and
Jonsson). Newfoundland. On rocks between tides. Quidi Vidi. July 1897.
(Holden). Maine. Very common on rocks. Seal Harbor; Little Cran-
berry Isle (Collins); Sea Wall (Holden). New Hampshire. (Collins).
Massachusetts. On rocks near high water mark. Marblehead. June toot.
(Collins). Rhode Island. Rocks near high water mark. (Bailey and Ol-
ney.) Connecticut. On rocks. Stratford Shoals. July, September. (Hol-
den). New York. Shores of Long Island. Greenport, Little Egg Harbor.
Summer. (Pike). Staten Island. (Pike). New Jersey. Hoboken, Beesley's
Point. (Pike). On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale). On wood-
work. (Morse). New Jersey. Marine. Hudson: Hoboken; Cape May,
Beesley’s Point. (Pike). On wharves, Atlantic City. (Morse). Washing-
ton. In salt water. Puget Sound. (Saunders).

467. Calothrix contarenii (Zanardini) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 355. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 610. 1907.
Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
18: 336. 1891; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 241. 1901. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. III3. 1903.

Plate XVI. fig. 13.

Plant mass crustaceous, compact, orbicular, smooth, glistening, black-
ish green; filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, up to 1 mm. in length, very
densely crowded, parallel, erect, moderately flexuous; decumbent and thick-
ened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, colorless or yellowish, dilated
into lamellose, funnel-shaped expansions; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter,
ending in a slender long hair; cells equal to or shorter than their diameter;
heterocysts, one to two, basal.

260 Minnesota Algae

Massachusetts. On stones more or less embedded in the sand, a little
above low water mark. Revere Beach. January and February. (Collins).
West Indies. On wreck on beach. Port Morant, Jamaica. March 1893. (Hum-
phrey). On Galaxaura, etc. Santurce, Porto Rico. May 1903. (Howe).

468. Calothrix pulvinata (Mertens) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 71. 1824. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 3: 356. 1886.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 610. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 37. 1881. Pike. Check List
of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886. Collins. Algae from
Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Bennett. Plants
of Rhode Island. 95. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey
Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1:
OI. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1880. Collins, Algae. Rand
and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894; Preliminary
Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no. 957. 1902.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 197. 1903. Collins. Notes on Algae.—V. Rhodora. 5: 208. 1903;
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 14.

Plant mass sponge-like, porous, fasciculate, hairy on the surface, dull
green, widely expanded; filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter, 2-3 mm. in length,
erect, flexuous, scarcely thickened at the base, agglutinated into irregular
fascicles, sparingly branched; branches often opposite; sheaths thick, firm,
lamellose, colorless or brownish; trichomes 8-12 mic. in diameter, tapering
into a short hair; cells two or three times shorter than their diameter;
hormogones four to six times longer than broad, often developed within the
sheath; cell contents olive.

Maine. Growing in extensive sheets on beams and posts under old tide
mill. Harpswell. July 1902; on piles of bridge, outlet of Long Pond. “Rare;
the most northern station for this species yet reported.” (Collins). | Massa-
chusetts. On wharves. Wood’s Hole. (Farlow). Rhode Island. Newport.
(Farlow). Connecticut. On woodwork at or above high water mark.
Black Rock; Stratford Shoals; on old hulk, Cook’s Point, August, October.
(Holden). New York. Shores of Long Island: Greenport, Little Egg
Harbor. (Pike). New Jersey. On wharves. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martin-
dale). Washington. In salt marsh on sticks and old wood. Whidbey
Island. August 1899. (Gardner).

469. Calothrix parasitica (Chauvin) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 381. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis.
des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 357. 1886. De Toni. Syll.
Algar. 5: 612, 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 37. 1881. Collins. Notes on
New England Marine Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. ro: 55. 1883. Pike,
Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 106, 1886. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 3. no. 111. 1895. Setchell.

Myxophyceae 261

Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 46. 1899. Collins, Preliminary
Lists of New England Plants——V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900;
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—II. Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905.

Plate XVI. fig. 15, 16.

Filaments 9-15 mic. in diameter, .5 mm. in length; gregarious, immersed
in the outer cells of Nemalion, blue-green, bulbous and curved at the base
(bulb up to 24 mic. in diameter); sheaths thin, colorless, often dilated and
funnel-shaped at the apex; trichomes 7-8 mic. in diameter, ending in a
very long, flexuous hair; cells short; heterocysts basal; hormogones many
in the sheath, four or five times longer than the diameter.

Maine. (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts.
Completely covering Nemalion multifidum growing at low water
mark between the Oak Bluff and the Camp Meeting landings, at Cottage
City. (Collins). Epiphytic on the fronds of Nemalion multifidum.
Wood’s Holl. July 1895. (Nott). Rhode Island. On Nemalion. New-
port. (Farlow). Connecticut. On Nemalion. Stratford Shoals. July.
(Holden).

470. Calothrix aeruginea (Kuetzing) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 10. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 358. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 612. 1907.
Schramm and Mazé. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 30. 1865. (Leib-
leinia flaccida Crouan). Mazé and Schramm, Essai Class. Algues

Guadeloupe. 20, 1870-1877. (Lyngbya nemalionis Crouan). Collins.
Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 336.
1891; Preliminary Lists of New England Plants. V. Marine Algae. Rho-
dora. 2: 41. 1900; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37:
241. IQO1. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 17. no.
804. 1901. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II.
Rhodora. 7: 223. 1905. Vickers. Liste des Algues Marines de la Bar-
bade. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VIII. 1: 55. 1905. Bérgesen and Jonsson. The
Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the Northern-
most Part of the Atlantic. Botany of the Faeroes. Appendix. XXV. 1905.

Plate XVII. fig. 1.

Filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, .5 mm. in length, forming a somewhat
continuous light blue-green layer on the surfaces of larger algae, decumbent
and slightly thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, very often
entirely colorless, rarely yellowish in lower parts, uniform, soft, and gelati-
nous in the upper portions; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, ending in a
gradually tapering hair; cells short; heterocysts one or two at the base,
few or none intercalary, hormogones numerous within the sheath, four to
six times longer than wide.

Maine. Cape Rosier. July 1890; among other algae on woodwork of old
wharf, Otter Creek, Mount Desert Island. July 1900. (Collins). Massa-
chusetts. (Collins). Connecticut. Forming a coating on iron piles be-
tween tide marks. Black Rock Beacon. August, October. (Holden). West
Indies. On Dasya arbuscula. Montego Bay, Jamaica. June 1900.

262 Minnesota Algae

(Pease and Butler). Rocky Bay, Hastings, Barbados. (Vickers). Hawaii.
Growing’ on other algae. In pools at half tide. Waianae, Waikiki and Laie

Point, Oahu. May and June 1900. (Tilden).

471. Calothrix prolifera Flahault in Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 361. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 615. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1168. 1904.
(Calothrix crustacea forma prolifera (Flah.) Collins). Col-

lins. New species, etc., issued in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana. Rho-
dora. 8: 105. 1906.

Plant mass expanded, velvety, brownish green; filaments 15-18 mic. in
diameter, 2 mm. in length, somewhat flexuous, curved and distinctly thick-
ened at the base, here and there branched; branches issuing in the region
of the heterocyst as in Tolypothrix; sheaths thick, lamellose, firm, colorless
in upper portions, yellowish below, ocreate; ocreae dilated and torn; trich-
omes 8-12 mic. in diameter, tapering at the apex into a hair; cells three or
four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts one or two at the
base, many scattered through the trichome.

California. Among other algae, on boards wet with salt water. Alameda.
January 1904. (Gardner).

472. Calothrix fasciculata Agardh. Syst. Algar. 71. 1824. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 361. 1886.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 615. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
18: 336. 1801. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no.
261. 1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, expanded, blackish green; filaments 12-
21 mic. in diameter, 2-3 mm. in length, erect, somewhat flexuous, a little
thickened at the base, when young unbranched, later branched; false
branches formed in two ways: sometimes scattered and lateral, solitary or
in pairs, sometimes fasciculately crowded on one side of the middle portion
of the filament; sheaths moderately thick, lamellose, firm, uniform or di-
lated, colorless or with age becoming yellowish brown; trichomes 8-12 mic.
in diameter, ending in a hair; cells two or three times shorter than the
diameter; heterocysts basal and, in mature filaments, few or numerous
throughout the trichome; cell contents blue-green.

Maine. On rocks between tide marks. Cape Rosier. July 1889; on dead
shells, Cape Rosier, July 1895. (Collins). Massachusetts. (Collins).
Rhode Island. (Collins).

Forma incrustans Collins. Notes on Algae—I. Rhodora. 1: 13. 1899.
De Toni. 1. c. 616.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 18: 336. 1891. (C. contarenii Collins), Collins, Holden and
Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 561. 1899. Collins. Notes on Algae.
—II. Rhodora. 1: 13. 1900; Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

Myxophyceae 263

Plant mass crustaceous, flattened; filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter, more
slender than in the typical form.

Massachusetts. On rocks in littoral zone. Revere Beach. September
7895. (Collins).

473. Calothrix vivipara Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 106.
1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
VII. 3: 362. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 616. 1907.

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380.
1875; Marine Algae of New England. 37. 1881. Wittrock and Nordstedt.
Algae Aq. Dulce. Exsicc. no. 1307. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 12. no. 560. 1899. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New
England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plant mass widely expanded, velvety, blackish green; filaments 12-24
mic. in diameter, 3-5 mm. in length, decumbent and interwoven at the
base, becoming erect, somewhat flexuous, branched; false branches in pairs,
issuing from the filament as in Scytonema; sheaths thick, gelatinous, uni-
form, yellowish brown, somewhat opaque; trichomes 9-15 mic. in diame-
ter, tapering very gradually from base to apex, ending in a hair; cells equal
to or shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal and a few scattered
through the trichome; cell contents olive green.

Massachusetts. Forming patches on rocks and growing also on other
algae. Nahant; Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). In upper tide pools on smooth
rocks. Marblehead. August 1895. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Bailey). Sea-
connet Point. (Farlow).

474. Calothrix pilosa Harvey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part III. 106. pl.
48 C. 1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.
Bot. VII. 3: 363. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 614. 1907.

Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Region.
Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. (ScytonemasubmarinumCrn.). Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no. 859. 1901. Collins.
The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 242. I9goI. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no, 1167. 1904.

Plant mass caespitose, widely expanded, black or dark blue-green;
filaments 10-40 mic. in diameter, 2-10 mm. in length, decumbent and inter-
woven at the base, erect at the apices, elongate, rigid, free or growing to-
gether laterally in fascicles, distinctly thicker in upper portions; sheaths
hard, thick, at first orange, finally yellowish brown, opaque, uniform; trich-
omes 10-20 mic. in diameter, briefly tapering at the apex; terminating in a
hemispherical cell, here and there interrupted by heterocysts; cell contents
olive brown.

Florida. Forming blackish or dark brown, pilose strata of indefinite ex-
tent. On rocks between tide marks. Key West. (Harvey). California.
Forming a black velvety covering on the bottoms of small pools in the
rocks above high water mark, but filled with salt water from the spray and
higher waves, though often much concentrated by the sun. Near Point
Carmel, Monterey County. June rgot. (Setchell). West Indies. Guade-
loupe. (Mazé). On Bostrychia tene lla. Port Antonio, Jamaica.

264 Minnesota Algae

August 1894. (Pease and Butler). On rocks, etc., littoral. Porto Rico. May
1903. (Howe).

475. Calothrix crustacea Thuret. Notes Algologiques. 1: 13. pl. 4. 1878.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.
3: 359. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 613. 1907.

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1870-1877.
Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am. Bor. Exsicc. no. 49. 1877. Far-
low. Marine Algae of New England. 36. 1881. Pike. Check List of Marine
Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 105. 1886. Collins, Algae from Atlantic
City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888; Algae of Middlesex County.
13. 1888; Marine Algae of Nantucket. 5. 1888. Bennett. Plants of Rhode
Island. 95. 1888. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey coast and
Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: gr. 1880.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 602. 1889. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine
Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.(Schizo-
siphon pilosus Crn.). Anderson. List of California Marine Algae,
with Notes. Zoe. 2: 218. 1891. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-
Am. Fasc. 1. no. 10. 1895. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England
Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900. Setchell and Gardner.
Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 197. 1903. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 25. no. 1212. 1905. Col-
lins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—II. Rhodora. 7: 223.
1905.

Plate XVII. fig. 2-6.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, widely expanded, blackish green or
brownish; filaments 12-40 mic. in diameter, 1-2 mm. in length, erect, densely
crowded, a little thickened at the base; sheaths somewhat thick, colorless
or yellowish brown, in the older filaments lamellose, variously dilated and
expanded in upper portions; trichomes 8-15 mic. in diameter, ending in a
long hair; cells short; heterocysts one to three at the base, often many
scattered through the trichome; hormogones many within the sheath, four
or five times longer than wide; gonidia oblong, cylindrical, smooth, in
series.

Canada. On other algae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull).

Maine, (Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. On
Ulva in salt water. Medford; Everett; Brant Point and Polpis. (Collins).
On algae of all kinds and on rocks. Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). Rhode

Island. Narragansett Bay. (Bennett). (Collins). Connecticut. Clothing
fronds of Cladophora, Enteromorpha and other algae, also on
rocks. Woodmont. July 1892; on algae and rocks, Stratford Shoals; Cook’s
Point, July, September, October. (Holden). New York. Shores of Long
Island: Bay Ridge, Fort Hamilton. Summer. (Pike). New Jersey. On
rockweed. Atlantic Ocean. (Morse, Martindale). Florida. (Harvey, Mel-
ville). Washington. Floating, on rocks, clay banks, wood, etc., in brack-
ish lagoon. Whidbey Island; Keyport, Kitsap County. (Gardner). Cal-
ifornia. Common. On rocks, wharves and other algae. (Anderson). On
grass and weeds, salt marsh. Alameda. Apri] 1904. (Gardner). West

Myxophyceae 265

Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé). Hawaii. On other algae. In tide pools at
half tide. Waianae, Oahu. May i900. (Tilden).

Forma simulans Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 29. no. 1406. 1907.

Filaments stout; color from light blue-green to purple or dull rose.

Massachusetts. On Zostera. Mattapoisett. October 1906. Appearing

like C. confervicola (Roth) Ag. but with intercalary heterocysts.
(Collins).

476. Calothrix epiphytica West and West. Welwitsch’s African Freshwater
Algae. Journ. of Bot. 35: 240. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 621.
1907.

West and West. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 34: 285. 1898-1900.

Filaments 5-7.5 mic. in diameter at the base, 250 mic. rarely up to 350
mic, in length, minute, attached to larger algae, solitary or somewhat gre-
garious, gradually tapering from base to apex; sheaths somewhat thick,
transparent and colorless; trichomes 3.5-4 mic. in diameter at the base,
ending in q very thin hair at the apex; cells equal to the diameter, in length,
or at the base a little shorter; heterocysts basal, solitary, small.

West Indies. Epiphytic on Tolypothrix. Dominica. (Elliott).

477. Calothrix scytonemicola n. sp.

Plate XVII. fig. 7.

Filaments 7-8 mic. in diameter, isolated or in small groups, the lower
portion attached to host, the remainder erect and free, ending in a hair
point; sheaths not distinct; heterocysts 8 mic. in diameter, basal, usually
two in number, somewhat globose.

Hawaii. Growing on filaments of Scytonema crispum. Very
abundant. In stagnant water in pool on beach, among roots of Water hya-
cinth. Meheiva, Makao, Koolauloa, Oahu. June 1900. (Tilden).

478. Calothrix stagnalis Gomont. Note sur un Calothrix sporifére. (Cal o-
thrix stagnalis sp. n.). Morot. Journ. de Bot. 9: 197. £. 1,
2. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 619. 1907.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1114. 1903.
Collins. Notes on Algae—VII. Rhodora. 8: 123. 1906.

Plate XVII. fig. 8, 9.

Filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter in the middle portions, up to I mm.
in length, gregarious, radiating, decumbent and thickened at the base, erect,
sickle-shaped; sheaths thin, close, papery, transparent; trichomes 6-9 mic.
in diameter, especially constricted at joints, gradually tapering into a hair;
cells 6-10 mic. in diameter, unequal, usually subquadrate or longer than
the diameter; heterocysts in pairs, basal, yellowish, spherical or somewhat
quadrate; gonidia 10-11 mic. in width (with sheath 12-14 mic. wide), 26-40
mic. in length, yellowish; wall of gonidium smooth.

Massachusetts. In stellate tufts, rather sparsely distributed on various
filamentous algae, in swamp. Medford. August 1903. (Collins).

479. Calothrix fusca (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 364. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 617.

1907.

266 Minnesota Algae

Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 31. 1877. (Mas-
tichothrix longissima Crouan). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138 1877. (Mastigonema fusca Wolle).
Fresh Water Algae III. Bull. Torr, Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877. (Mas-
tigothrix aeruginea Kuetz. Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island.
114. 1888. (Mastigonema aeruginosum (Kg.) Kirchn.). Col-
lins. Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. (Mastigonema aerugi-
neum_ Kirchn.). Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected
in Minnesota during 1893. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 30. 1894. Collins,
Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. I. no. 11. 1895. Col-
lins. Algae. Flora of the Blue Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and
Beaver Brook Reservations of the Metropolitan Park Commission, Massa-
chusetts. 127. 1896. Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. 37:
241. I9QOl. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman Alaska Expedition. Proc.
Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. I901. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie.
U. S. Fish Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903. Setchell and Gardner. Al-
gae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 197. 1903. Col-
lins. The Algae of the Flume. Rhodora. 6: 230. 1904. Lemmermann. A]-
genfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905. Collins. Phycological
Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Collins, Hol-
den and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no. 1407. 1907.

Plate XVII. fig. 10, 11.

Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, 2-3 decimill. in length, scattered or
gregarious, living within the colonies of gelatinous algae, curved and bul-
bous-inflated at the base (bulb 15 mic. in diameter); sheaths thick, colorless,
gelatinous, diffluent at the apex; trichomes 7-8 mic. in diameter, ending in
a long hair; cells short; heterocysts one or two at the base.

Alaska. Embedded in the gelatinous coating of Batrachospermum
yagum from a freshwater pond. Cook Inlet; Kadiak Island. (Saunders).
Occurring singly or few together in the jelly of other species of algae. Near
Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). New Hampshire. On Batra-
chospermum vagum. Lake Chocorua. September 1906; on wall of
Flume. (Collins). Massachusetts. On Batrachospermum. Billerica.
(Faxon). Among other algae on rocks at Cascade, Middlesex Fells. (Collins).
Rhode Island. Easton’s Pond, Newport. (Bennett). Connecticut. On
Batrachospermum vagum. Pool below Factory Pond Dam. Octo-
ber. (Holden). New Jersey. October 1892. (Peters). Pennsylvania.
(Wolle). Ohio, In plankton. Lake Erie. Put-in-Bay. (Snow). Minne-
sota. In pool near Lake Kilpatrick. June 1893. (Ballard). West Indies.
Guadeloupe. (Conquérant). Hawaii. In ditches between Honolulu and
Waikiki, Oahu. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).

480. Calothrix sandvicensis (Nordstedt) Schmidle. Zur Entwickelung einer
Zygnema und Calothrix. Flora. 84: 170. pl. 5. f. 12-14. 1897. De
Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 618. 1907.

Nordstedt. De Algis Aquae Dulcis et de Charac¢eis ex Insulis Sand-
vicensibus a Sv. Berggren 1875 reportatis. 5. pl. x. f. 3. 1878. (Lopho-
podium sandvicense Nordst.). Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-
Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. 1905.

Myxophyceae 267

Plate XVII. fig. 12.

; Filaments 5-15 mic. in diameter, sometimes thickened in lower portion;
trichomes 3.5-5.5 mic. in diameter; heterocysts equal to or exceeding the
basal cells in diameter; gonidia 8 mic. in diameter, 8-10 mic. in length,
single, rarely in pairs, somewhat quadrate, angular-convex, rotund.

Hawaii. On filaments of Pithophora affinis. Near Hilo, Hawaii.
July 1889. (Lauterbach).

481. Calothrix breviarticulata West and West. Welwitsch’s African Fresh- °
water Algae. Journ. of Bot. 35: 240. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 620. 1907.
West. West Indian Freshwater Algae. Journ. of Bot. 42: 293. 1904.
Filaments 15-16 mic. at the base, 11.5-12.5 mic. in middle portions, up to
a8o0 mic. in length, solitary or gregarious, gradually tapering from base to
apex; sheaths thick, lamellose, becoming brownish black in old plants; trich-
omes 8.5 mic. in diameter at the base, 5.5-7.5 mic. in middle portions; cells
disc-shaped, four or five times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts soli-
tary, basal, hemispherical; cell contents pale blue-green.
West Indies. Epiphytic on Vaucheria species. Royal Botanical
Gardens, St. Ann’s, Trinidad. (Howard).

« © 482. Calothrix violacea (Wolle) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 619. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
(Mastigonema violacea Wolle).

Filaments 15-18 mic. in diameter, parasitic, usually in clusters, ten or
twelve arising from each base, “a sort of warty excrescence,” when young
blue-green, changing when mature to purplish iron or amethyst color, final-
ly becoming olivaceous brown; sheaths wide, often truncate, almost color-
less; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter; lower cells short, two or four times
shorter than the diameter, upper cells longer, finally four or six times as
long as wide; heterocysts more or less compressed.

Pennsylvania. “Parasitic on Plectonema in shallow river waters.”
(Wolle).

483. Calothrix adscendens (Naegeli) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 365. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 620. 1907.
Wolle. Algae Exsicc. no. 83. (Mastigonema parasiticum
Wolle). Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae. III. Erythea. 7: 46. 1899.

© Plate XVII. fig. 13, 14.

Filaments 18-24 mic. in diameter, 1 mm. in length, scattered or gre-
garious, light blue-green in dried material, tapering from base to apex;
sheaths thick, gelatinous, lamellose, finally becoming ocreate, transparent;
trichomes 12 mic. in diameter in the middle portions; cells equal to the
diameter in length or shorter; heterocysts basal.

Pennsylvania(?). (Wolle).

268 Minnesota Algae

484. Calothrix thermalis (Schwabe) Hansgirg. Beitrdge zur Kenntniss der
Bohmisch. Thermalalgenflora. Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift. 34: 270.
1884. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
VII. 3: 368. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 625. 1907.

Weed. Formation of Travertine and Silicious Sinter by the Vegetation
of Hot Springs. U. S. Geol. Survey. 9th Ann. Report. 665. 1889. (Mas ti-
gonema thermale Schwabe). Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III.
no. 287. 1898. Observations on some West American Thermal Algae. Bot.
Gaz. 25: 94. pl. 9. f. 1-5. 1898.

Plate XVIII. fig. 1-5.

Plant mass mucous, smooth, more or less expanded, deep olive green,
when dried blue-green; filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter, up to 3 mm. in
length, interwoven, flexuous, densely crowded; sheaths somewhat thick,
uniform, transparent, sometimes yellowish at the base; trichomes 5-8 mic.
in diameter, tapering at the apex into a long hair, here and there con-
stricted at the joints; cells equal to or three times shorter than the diame-
ter; heterocysts basal and rarely intercalary.

Wyoming. Olive colored, forming sinter. Crater of Excelsior Geyser;
overflow of channel of geyser, temperature 49-54.5° C., Spasmodic Geyser;
forming cedar-colored fur on overflow channel of Old Faithful Geyser, Up-
per Basin, 1897. (Weed). With other algae in rivulets. Temperature 49-50°
C. Fountain Hotel Geyser Basin. June 1896; very common in colder por-
tions of overflows, temperature 34° C., Emerald Pool, Upper Geyser Basin,
July 1896, Yellowstone National Park. (Tilden).

485. Calothrix calida P. Richter in Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum.
Part III. Il. 388. f. a, b/ 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 626. 1907.

Plate XVIII. pl. 6, 7.

Plant mass 6 mm. in thickness, dry, spongy or crustaceous, widely ex-
panded, flattened, olivaceous; filaments 8-10 mic. in diameter, interwoven
flexuous, aggregated; sheaths close, yellowish brown, when young trans-
parent, thick, ocreate, ocreae here and there dilated; trichomes 3-6 mic. in
diameter, pale blue-green, tapering into a long hair; cells spherical or
elliptical, equal to their diameter, or three times longer, the lower ones
spherical depressed or barrel-shaped; transverse walls often inconspicuous;
heterocysts basal and intercalary, spherical or quadrate.

Wyoming. In warm water from a geyser. Temperature +50° R. 1874.
Yellowstone National Park. (Kuntze).

486. Calothrix kuntzei P. Richter in Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum.
Part III. II. 388. f. a-c. 1898. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 625. 1907. °

Plant mass dry, crustaceous, pulvinate, mammillose, stony, expanded,
faded within, blue-green on the surface, lamellose, up to 5 mm. in thick-
ness; filaments 10-11 mic. in diameter, free, usually agglutinated in irregu-
lar fascicles, parallel or flexible; sheaths close, thick, transparent and yel-
lowish, lamellose, ocreate; trichomes thickened at the base, especially when
young, bright bluish in color; basal cells hemispherical or spherical, barrel-
shaped or disc-shaped, those in upper portion of trichome oval or spheri-

Myxophyceae 269

cal, somewhat quadrate or shorter or longer than their diameter; basal
heterocysts spherical; intercalary heterocysts quadrate or cylindrical, some-
times in series, equalling the diameter in length, or up to seven times
longer than wide.

Plate XVIII. fig. 8-10.

Wyoming. In running, hot geyser water. October 1874. Yellowstone
National Park. (Kuntze).

487. Calothrix braunii Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 368. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 624. 1907.

Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr.
Bot, Club. 22: 426. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 3. no. 112. 1895. Tilden. American Algae. Century III. no. 286.
1898. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae—III. Erythea. 46. 1899.
Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 198. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.
—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905.

Plate XVIII. fig. 11.

Plant mass caespitose, velvety, blue-green; filaments 9-10 mic. in
diameter, .5 mm. in length, densely crowded, parallel, straight, curved
and thickened at the base; sheaths narrow, close, uniform, colorless; trich-
omes 6-7 mic. in diameter, equal, tapering into a very long hair, often
constricted at joints; cells a little shorter than their diameter; hetero-
cysts basal.

Massachusetts. Growing on stones in a small brook. Sharon; forming
extended patches on rounded stones in a small rivulet, Cataumet. (Setch-
ell). Connecticut. On stones in shallow water. Bridgeport. October 1893;
forming a coating on stones, side stream of Pequonnock River, below Fac-
tory Pond Dam, October. (Holden). Washington. On dead floating
stems of Scirpus. Lake Washington, Seattle. July 1897; on pebbles at
edge of Lake Union, Seattle, June 1897. (Tilden).

488. Calothrix parietina (Naegeli) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. Ann.
Sci. Nat. Bot. VI. 1: 381. 1875. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci, Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 366. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:
621. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
(Mastigonema caespitosum Kg.); Fresh Water Algae. 1. c. 6:
284. 1879, (Schizosiphon crustiformis Naeg.). Farlow. Marine
Aigae of New England. 4o. 1881. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 237,
245. pl. 173. f. 2, 3; pl. 176. f. 5; pl. 178. £. 1-3; pl. 205. f. 6, 7. 1887. (Calo-
thrix gracilis Rab, Isactis caespitosa (Kg.) Wolle, includingf.
tenuior viridis Rab.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s
Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1880.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. I. no. 12. 1895. Til-
den. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 65. 1894. (Porphyrosiphon no-
tarisii Kg.). Cent. II. no. 164. 1896. Collins. Algae.! Flora of the Blue
Hills, Middlesex Fells, Stony Brook and Beaver Brook Reservations of the

270 Minnesota Algae

Metropolitan Park Commission, Massachusetts. 127. 1896. Richter, Siiss-
wasseralgen aus dem Umanakdistrikt. Bib. Bot. 7: Heft. 42. 4. 1897. Til-
den. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and
7897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898. Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.
III. Erythea. 7: 45. 1899. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern
America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 198. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes
cf the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 237. 1905. Collins, Holden
and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 28. no. 1360. 1907. Brown. Algal
Periodicity in certain Ponds and’ Streams. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 35: 243,
248. 1908. Buchanan, Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad.
Sci. 14: 15. 1908.

Plate XVIII. fig, 12.

Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, up to I mm. in length, scattered or
aggregated into a crustaceous, thin, brown or black mass, erect or de-
cumbent, flexuously contorted, uniform or somewhat thicker at the base;
sheaths close, somewhat thick, yellowish brown, opaque, fragile, sometimes
uniform, sometimes ocreate; ocreae wide and fringed in upper. portions;
trichomes 5-10 mic. in diameter, ending in a thin hair 1 mic. in diameter;
cells short, two or three times wider than long; heterocysts a little wider at
the base, intercalary heterocysts rare; hormogones few in the sheath,
three times longer than wide.

Alaska. Forming reddish brown patches on dripping rocks. Amaknak
Cave, Amaknak Island, Bay of Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Green-
land, Umanak. (Richter). Vermont. Northern part. (Wolle). Massa-
chusetts. In Nobska Pond, near Wood’s Hole. (Farlow). Forming minute
tufts on rocks near Bear’s Den, Middlesex Fells. (Collins). Rhode Island.
Forming a calcareous incrustation on perpendicular walls of a limestone
quarry. Lincoln. April 1906. (Collins). Connecticut. On stone dam of
Factory Pond; on dripping rocks between Canaan and Twin Lakes, Salis-
bury; on dripping rock, East Rock, New Haven; on sandy ground, shore
of Fresh Pond, October, November; forming a close coating on stone work
of dam, Pequonnock River, Bridgeport, October 1892. (Holden). New
Jersey. On submerged stones in shallow water. (Wolle). Indiana, Abun-
dant on stones in Stone Spring Branch the entire year. Bloomington.
(Brown). Minnesota. Growing in damp sand in stone quarry. Minne-
apolis. August 1894. (Anderson). On stone sides of fountain. Kenwood,
Minneapolis. August 1895. (Tilden). Iowa. On stem of Phragmites.
Ontario. (Buchanan). Colorado. Wet rorcks. Cannon City. (Brandegee).
California. On the sides of a water trough near Berkeley. July 1905. (Oster-
hout and Gardner). On clay bank of a small stream. North Berkeley. Sep-
tember 1905; on the sides of a water tank, Berkeley, February 1906. (Gard-
ner).

Dr. Setchell considers the specimen under the name of Calothrix
thermalis, in Tilden. Am. Alg. no. 287, to belong to C. parietina.
This scarcely seems possible.

“C. parietina may be entirely free from incrustation, or it may be
very thoroughly incrusted with either lime or silica. It is seldom, if ever,
branched, but the hormogonia in the incrusted specimens attach themselves

Myxophyceae 271

very often to the sheaths of the older filaments and resemble branches very
strongly indeed. Intercalary heterocysts do occur in C. parietina,
but they are not at all common. The species is usually readily distin-
guished by its lamellose, brown and more or less ochreate sheath, but these
characters may be at times more or less obscure.”—Setchell.

489. Calothrix castellii (A. Massalongo) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 369. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 627, 1907,
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 255. pl. 182. £. 8-10; pl. 184. f. 35, 38-40;
187. f. 3-33. (Scytonema castellii Mass.); 262, pl. 189. f. 1. 1887.
Plant mass spongy, cushion-shaped, widely expanded, the surface
pubescent or hirsute by the projecting ends of the filaments, dull blue-
green; filaments 12-13 mic. in diameter, 4-8 mm. in length, curved, flex-
uous, densely crowded, sometimes agglutinated, erect, decumbent and
bulbous at the base; sheaths thin, close, firm, uniform, transparent or yel-
lowish; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, tapering into a very long hair;
cells two to four times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts basal.
Pennsylvania. On shelves, walls and flower pots in greenhouse. Harris-
burg. (Wolle).

490. Calothrix donnellii (Wolle) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 629. 1907. Wolle.
Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 283. 1879. (Mas-
tigonema donnellii Wolle).

Plant mass caespitose, mucous, olivaceous; filaments 6-12 mic. in
diameter, at the base sometimes 15-20 mic. in diameter, simple or branched,
flagelliform; very gradually tapering, sometimes thin and flaccid, sometimes
strong and rigid, slightly curved, densely interwoven; sheaths very thin,
colorless, at first drawn out into a hair, afterwards often truncate and open;
trichomes frequently interrupted; cells usually four or five times shorter
than their diameter; transverse walls distinct; heterocysts basal, rarely
intercalary; cell contents pale or bright blue-green, sometimes brownish.

Pennsylvania? On wood in salt water, submerged. (Wolle).

491. Mastigonema elongatum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae
North America. 53. pl. 5. f. 1. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.

S. 243. pl. 174. f. 9. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 631. 1907.
Plant mass at first somewhat spherical, afterwards frequently spindle-
shaped, slippery, firm, blackish green; filaments up to 6 mic. in diameter,
very elongate, sometimes truncate at the apex, but generally produced into
a long, flexuous, translucent hair; sheaths close, transparent, frequently
truncate at the apex; trichomes sometimes strongly constricted at joints;
cells short; transverse walls sometimes not visible; heterocysts somewhat

spherical.
Pennsylvania. On brook moss in an aquarium. (Wood).

492. Mastigonema fertile Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 54. pl. 5. f. 3. 1872. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 244.
1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 630. 1907.

272 Minnesota Algae

Plant mass caespitose; filaments up to 14 mic. in diameter, elongate,
flexuously curved, not branched, truncate at the apex; sheaths moderately
close, firm, thick, colorless, with truncate and open apex; trichomes often
interrupted; cells three to five times as long as their diameter; transverse
walls sometimes distinct, sometimes inconspicuous; heterocysts spherical or
compressed, about as wide as the trichome; gonidia up to 4 mic. in diame-
ter, cylindrical, often many in series in one filament; cell contents green.

Pennsylvania. In a stagnant pool in “Bear Meadows,” forming a fila-
mentous, felty mass with other algae. Allegheny Mountains, Centre County.
(Wood).

493. Mastigonema fibrosum (Wood) Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 244.
pl. 174. f. 8. 1887. Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 54. pl. 5. f. 3. 1827. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 631. 1907.

Plant mass light bluish green or olive; filaments 10-11 mic. in
diameter, with apex prolonged into a long, hyaline hair; sheaths trans-
parent, in the immature filament distally broad and distinct, although
hyaline, below rather thick and close, in the mature filament below close,
indistinct, above dissolved in fibrillae and wanting at the apex; trans-
verse walls distinct; heterocysts spherical, sometimes in pairs.

Pennsylvania. In a thick jelly, with other algae, on wet dripping rocks.
Near Manayunk. (Wood).

494. Mastigonema halos Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 52. pl. 5. f. 2. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 630. 1907.

Plant mass caespitose; filaments up to 12 mic. in diameter, unbranched,
in mature state greatly elongate and with the sheath truncate and open,
in the young condition shorter and often ending in a rather short hair;
sheaths firm, rather thick, often distinctly lamellose, colorless; trichomes
7 mic. in diameter, continuous or interrupted; cells short; heterocysts
somewhat spherical; cell contents finely granular.

Connecticut, Growing in little tufts in salt or brackish water. Stoning-
ton Inlet. (Wood).

495. Calothrix lacucola Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot.
Club. 8: 39. 1881; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 239. pl. 172. f. 1. 1887.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 629. 1907.

Plate XVIII. fig. 13.

Plant mass floating, dull yellow or brownish; filaments 15-20 mic, in
diameter at the base, very much branched; false branches somewhat spread-
ing, not concrete, moderately tapering, with obtuse, slightly bent apices,
elongate, interwoven; sheaths close, colorless or yellowish; trichomes thin,
homogeneous or with distinct transverse walls; cells equal to or two or
three times shorter than their diameter; heterocysts spherical, usually single
at the base of the branches, equalling the trichome in diameter.

New Jersey. Split Rock Pond, Morris. (Wolle).

Myxophyceae 273

496. Schizosiphon obscurus Dickie. Notes on some Algae found in the
North Atlantic Ocean, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 11: 459. f. 5. 1871.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 633. 1907.

Plate XVIII. fig. 14.

Filaments straight, gradually tapering upwards from the large, some-
what spherical basal cell (heterocyst?); sheaths distinct, obscurely lamel-
lose; trichomes shorter than the sheath, usually torulose throughout.

West Indies ?. Forming a thin stratum on drift wood. (Mitchell).
“The contents of the bottle were collected in the North Atlantic on the
24th of November, 1867. * * * Considering our position, I concluded
that the substance must have come from some part of the American con-
tinent or the West Indies within the influence of the Gulf Stream.”—Dickie.

497. Mastigonema paradoxum Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 233. pl. 5. f. 3. 1843.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 632. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877.
Plate XVIII. fig. 15.

Filaments somewhat solitary; sheaths wide, colorless or yellowish
brown, transparent, homogeneous; trichomes up to 13 mic. in diameter,
simple or sometimes branched, often moniliform, flaccid or flexuously
curved, long; heterocysts spherical, two to four times shorter than the
diameter of the trichome.

Pennsylvania, On wet sides of wooden water box. (Wolle).

498. Calothrix rhizosoleniae Lemmermann. Planktonalg. in Ergebn. ein
Reise n. d. Pacific. 355. 1809. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 630. 1907.

Lemmermann. Algenfl. Sandwich.-Inseln. Bot. Jahrb. 34: 627. pl. 7.
f. 2, 3. 1905.

Filaments up to 3 mic. in diameter, slightly thickened at the base,
slightly tapering at the apex; sheaths transparent, close; trichomes 2.5 mic.
in diameter; cells 1.5 mic. in length.

Hawaii. In plankton on Rhizosolenia and Hemiaulus deli-
catulus Lemm. Between Hawaii and Laysan. 1896-1897. (Schauinsland).

499. Mastigonema sejunctum Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae
North America. 53. pl. 4. f. 2. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 631.
1907.

Plant mass somewhat caespitose, soft, parasitic; filaments unbranched,
tapering at the apex; sheaths usually wide and distinct, hyaline, often
strongly undulate, the apex mostly much amplified and dissolved into
fibrillae; trichomes continuous or more rarely interrupted; cells short or
long; cell contents granular, yellowish olive or greenish; heterocysts about
equal to the filament in diameter.

Michigan. In bog growing on edges of minute leaves so as to form
little prominences or thickenings of the margin.

500. Mastigothrix turgida Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 632. 1907.

274 Minnesota Algae

Filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter at the base, swollen, often curved;
trichomes elongated into a colorless, transparent, pointed hair, with long
cells; cells in basal portion of trichome somewhat quadrate, becoming
when old three or four times shorter than the diameter; cell contents at
first blue-green, later violet or yellowish; heterocysts compressed spherical
or concave-convex.

Pennsylvania. Scattered, or in small clusters, in gelatinous coatings on
submerged timbers. (Wolle).

Genus DICHOTHRIX Zanardini.
Plant. Maris Rubri Enum. 89. 1858.

Plant mass caespitose, penicillate or pulvinate; filaments more or less
dichotomously branched; trichomes often several (two to six) enclosed
within the original sheath or common tegument; heterocysts sometimes
basal, sometimes intercalary, in one species not present.

I Plants living in fresh water.
1 Sheaths close, gradually tapering at the apex
(1) Plants living in hot water; filaments 15-25 mic. in diameter, trich-
omes 5-6 mic. in diameter D. montana
(2) Filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter, flexuous, erect, radiating
D. orsiniana
(3) Plant mass encrusted with calcium carbonate; filaments 9-12.5
mic. in diameter, prostrate, not rigid D. calcarea
(4) Plants living in fresh or rarely salt water; filaments about 15 mic.
in diameter; trichomes 5-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints
D. baueriana
(5) Filaments 12-15 mic. in diameter; trichomes 10-15 mic. in diame-
ter, not constricted at joints D. olivacea
2 Sheaths lamellose, funnel-shaped at apex
(1) Filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6 mic. in diameter
D. compacta
(2) Filaments 13 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6.5-7.5 mic. in diameter
D. meneghiniana
(3) Plant mass usually encrusted with calcium carbonate; filaments
15-18 mic. in diameter; trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter
D. gypsophila
(4) Filaments 25-28 mic. in diameter; trichomes 10-12 mic. in diame-
ter, bulbously inflated at the bases of the branches; heterocysts
light blue in color D. hosfordii

II Plants living in salt water.
1 Filaments 15-22 mic. in diameter; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter;
heterocysts basal D. rupicola

2 Filaments 20-30 mic. in diameter; trichomes 17-22 mic. in diameter;
heterocysts basal and intercalary D. fucicola

Myxophyceae 275

3 Filaments 25-35 mic. in diameter; trichomes 15 mic. in diameter;

heterocysts oblong, solitary D. penicillata
4 Filaments 22-30 mic. in diameter; trichomes 7.5-12.5 mic. in diame-
ter; heterocysts basal and intercalary D. utahensis

501. Dichothrix montana Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 572. 1902.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 645. 1907.

Plant mass expanded, blue-green; filaments 15-25 mic. in diameter;
sheaths hyaline; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter, sometimes constricted at
joints, drawn out into a long hair; cells quadrate or longer than their
diameter; heterocysts hemispherical.

Montana. On rocks in hot water. Lo Lo Hot springs, Lo Lo. September
1898. (Griffiths).

The plant closely resembles D. baueriana, but its filaments are
miuch wider and its habitat quite different. Being very plainly a Dicho-
thrix, it cannot be included under Calothrix thermalis, and it
is therefore made a new species.

so2. Dichothrix orsiniana (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 376. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 641. 1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
(Mastigonema orsinianum Kg.); 6: 284. 1879. (Sch. catarac-
tae Naeg.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 236. pl. 168. f. 1, 2. 1887. (Calo-
thrix orsiniana Thur.). Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae col-
lected in Minnesota during 1895. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 599. 1896. Col-
lins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc, 9. no. 405. 1898. Col-
lins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 238.
1905.

Plate XVIII. fig. 16.

Plant mass caespitose, made up of penicillate fascicles 2-3 mm. in
height, gelatinous, dark green; filaments 10-12 mic. in diameter (in ultimate
branches), flexuous, erect, radiating; false branches appressed, enclosed for
some distance in a common tegument; sheaths thick, close, soft, uniform,
yellow, in lower portions becoming brownish and somewhat opaque; trich-
omes 6-7.5 mic. in diameter, tapering into a hair; cells shorter than their
diameter; cell contents olive green; heterocysts basal.

Connecticut. Forming gelatinous tufts on rocks at the base of a dam.
Pequonnock River, Bridgeport. July 1894. (Holden). New York. On
rocks in rapids of Niagara River, Niagara Falls. (Wolle). Florida.
(Wolle). Minnesota. Kenwood, Minneapolis. August 1895. (Tilden).

503. Dichothrix calcarea Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 165. 1896.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 645. 1907; Some New Species of Minnesota
Algae which live in a Calcareous or Silicious Matrix. Bot. Gaz.
23: 100. pl. 9. f. 1-3. 1897; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in
Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1898.
MacMillan. Minnesota Plant Life. 30, 41. f. 8, 10. 1899.

276 Minnesota Algae .

Plate XVIII. fig. 17.

Forming extended strata either on surface of calcareous matrix, giving
it a pinkish brown or pale blue-green tinge, or in layers throughout the
matrix; filaments 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, prostrate, not rigid; false branches
appressed; sheaths rather thin, not lamellose, hyaline; trichomes up to
10 mic. in diameter, for the most part constricted at joints in lower por-
tions, tapering to a hair point; cells in lower portion of filament equal in
length to their diameter, shorter in upper portions; heterocysts basal, spheri-
cal or depressed, equal to or a little smaller than the diameter of the fila-
ment.

Minnesota. Together with Chaetophora calcarea, Lyngbya
martensiana calcarea and L. nana, forming the lime encrusta-
tion which covers sides of wooden tank. Minneapolis. October 1895. (Til-
den).

so4. Dichothrix baueriana (Grunow) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. VII. 3: 375. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 640. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879. (Schi-

zosiphon bauerianum Grun.). Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.
—I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1806. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 5. no. 216. 1896. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern

America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 198. 1903. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 24. no. 1169. 1904.

Plate XVIII. fig. 18.

Filaments 15 mic. in diameter (in ultimate branches), caespitose-penicil-
late or forming a widely expanded layer up to a centimeter in thickness,
flexuous; sheaths close, gelatinous, soft, uniform, transparent or yellowish;
trichomes 5-9 mic. in diameter, constricted at joints, gradually tapering into
a long hair; cells shorter than or equal to their diameter; cell contents
green or brown; heterocysts somewhat spherical or hemispherical.

Alaska. On dripping rocks or stones in running or quiet water. Near
Iliuliuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Orca. (Jepson). Rhode
Island. Forming an uninterrupted coating on submerged limestone rocks in
quiet water. Lime Rock. October 1894. (Osterhout). On stones at border of
lily pond. Newport. Connecticut. Round Pond, Lantern Hill, Ledyard; on
stones about edges of lake, Lake Whitney, in Hamden, near New Haven.
(Setchell). Florida. On submerged wood. (Smith). Washington.
Whatcom. (Gardner). West Indies. On rocks, littoral. Porto Rico. May
1903. (Howe). “The present specimens appear to be the first recorded from
a strictly marine station.”—Collins.

505. Dichothrix olivacea (Hooker) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc.
Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 375. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

639. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 36. 1877. (Calo-
thrix submarina Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae

of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889.

Myxophyceae 277

Plant mass caespitose, erect, pulvinately expanded, olive or black; fila-
ments 12-15 mic. in diameter (in the ultimate branches), up to 2 cm. in
length, slightly flexuous; false branches very long, equal; sheaths close,
thin, uniform, hyaline or yellowish; trichomes 10-15 mic. in diameter, not
constricted at joints, tapering into a hair; cells quadrate or longer than
their diameter; cell contents blue-green or olive; heterocysts basal, often
in pairs.

West Indies, Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

506. Dichothrix compacta (Agardh?) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 378. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5. 643. 1907.

Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae—lIII. Erythea. 7: 45. 1899.

Plant mass caespitose; filaments 9-12 mic. in diameter, up to I mm. in
length, very densely aggregated, erect, penicillate; the upper false branches
appressed, often included, for some distance within the common tegument;
sheaths lamellose, smooth, uniform or ocreate, orange becoming brownish;
ccreae dilated and torn at the apex; trichomes 6 mic. in diameter, ending
in a hair at the apex; cells as long as broad, or half as long; cell contents
pale olive; heterocysts basal.

California. San Bernardino. (Parish).

“Dichothrix compacta (Ag.) B. and F. is not always readily to
be distinguished from D. gypsophila. It is said to resemble Calo-
thrix parietina in every way except that it has the branching of the
genus Dichothrix. It is shorter than D. gypsophila, and has the
cells of the trichome usually shorter, rather than longer, than broad. * * *
The sheaths are yellowish-brown, lamellose, more or less dilated towards
the summit, but, at the very summit, are usually contracted again very
suddenly.”—Setchell.

so7. Dichothrix meneghiniana (Kuetzing) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 641.
1907.

Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 284. 1879. (Sc hi-
zosiphon meneghinianus Kuetz.); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 238.
pl. 170. f. 5-7. 1887. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of
Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1889. (Calothrix
meneghiniana Kirchn.).

Plate XIX. fig. 1.

Plant mass composed of small deep blue-green or green dense tufts;
filaments 13 mic. in diameter, short, simple in the beginning, later much
and compactly branched; sheaths distinctly lamellose, yellow or brown in
lower portions, colorless and torn into fine fibres at the apices; trichomes
6.5-7.5 mic. in diameter; cells somewhat quadrate, or twice as short as the
diameter; heterocysts usually single, about as large as the cells.

New Jersey. Frequent on submerged wood in fresh water. (Wolle).
Florida. Forming a gelatinous stratum on old wet wood. (Smith).

278 Minnesota Algae

508. Dichothrix gypsophila (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des
Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 377. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 642. 1907.

Wolle, Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 237. pl. 168. f. 5. 1887. (Calothrix
gypsophila Kg.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue
of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 603. 1880. Weed.
Formation of Travertine and Silicious Sinter by the Vegetation of Hot
Springs. U. S. Geol. Survey. 9th Ann. Report. 665. 1889. Setchell. Notes
on Cyanophyceae—I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1896. Tilden. American Algae.
Cent. II. no. 200 B. 1896. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am.
Fasc. 12. no. 562. 1899. Collins, Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 238. 1905.

Plate XIX. fig. 2.

Filaments caespitose, scattered or forming a somewhat continuous
layer, very often “nestling” among filaments of Hypheotrichum and
Leptotrichum, and encrusted with calcium carbonate (calareous tufa),
15-18 mic. in diameter (in the ultimate branches), about 2 mm. in length,
erect, penicillate; upper false branches appressed, included within the com-
mon tegument; sheaths thick, lamellose, smooth, orange becoming brown,
finally opaque, ocreate; ocreae dilated, truncate, and torn at the apices;
trichomes 6-8 mic. in diameter, gradually tapering into a hair; cells equal
to or a little longer than the diameter; cell contents green or olive.

Connecticut. Forming gelatinous yellow masses upon rocks and small
stones about the edge of Long Pond, at Lantern Hill, in Ledyard. Septem-
her 1892. (Setchell). Incrusted on limestone, shore of Housatonic River,
near Gaylordsville. October 1898. (Holden). New Jersey. Fresh Water.
Morris; rocky shores of Lake Hopatcong. (Wolle). Florida. Adams Key.
July 1895. (Curtiss.) Wyoming. Forming a finely fibrous sinter, con-
sisting of layers one-sixteenth of an inch to half an inch thick, each stratum
resembling a very fine thick white fur. In overflow channels of geysers.
Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. (Weed). Taken from wall
of Excelsior crater. Weed affirms that it is due “to the growth of the little
alga—Calothrix gypsophila—or the young form, Mastigone-
ma thermale.” Middle Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park. June
1896. (Tilden).

509. Dichothrix hosfordii (Wolle) Bornet in Setchell. Notes on Cyanophy-
ceae.—II. Erythea. 4: 190. 1896. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 38. 1881. (Calothrix hosfordii
Wolle); Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 230. pl. 169. f. 1-4; pl. 170. f. 3,
4. 1887.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 215. 1896.
Collins. Some Perforating and other Algae on Fresh-Water Shells. Erythea.
5: 96. 1897; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden—lII. Rhodora. 7:
238. 1905. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 29. no.
1408. 1907.

Myxophyceae 279
Plate XIX. fig. 3.

Plant mass olivaceous; filaments 25-28 mic. in diameter; sheaths wide,
distinctly lamellose, yellow towards the base, colorless and hyaline towards
the end; trichomes 10-12 mic. in diameter, aggregated, subdichotomously
branched, bulbously inflated at the bases of the branches; branches flagel-
liform, tapering to a fine, colorless hair point; cells four or five times short-
er than their diameter; heterocysts depressed hemispherical (“skull-cap”
shaped), light blue in color.

Vermont, Charlotte. (Hosford). Massachusetts. On pebbles. Shores
of Pranker’s Pond, Saugus. September 1893; epiphytic on flowering plants
ir. shallow water, Herring Pond, Eastham, August 1907. (Collins). Con-
necticut. On smooth red sandstone in running water. Wintergreen Falls,
Hampden, near New Haven. November 1891. (Setchell). On stones on
border of pool below Factory Pond, Pequonnock River. June, July, October,
November. Bridgeport. (Holden). Growing on outside surface of Unio
shells. Twin Lakes, Salisbury, Litchfield County. (Setchell and Holden).
New York. Growing upon submerged stones. Lake George. October 1892.
(Jelyffe). Michigan. Ann Arbor. (Johnson).

510. Dichothrix rupicola Collins. Notes on Algae—IV. Rhodora. 3: 290.
1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 20. no.
958. 1902. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 644. 1907.

Plant mass caespitose, I mm. in thickness; filaments 15-22 mic. in
diameter, erect, penicillate, branched; ultimate branches flexuous, divaricate,
acute; sheaths lamellose, yellow brown with dilated and lacerate ocreation
near the tip; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, terminating in a hair; cells
about equal to the diameter in length; heterocysts basal; cell contents blue-
green to pale olive.

Maine, Forming a coating on sloping rocks, exposed to the full force
of the surf. Pemaquid Point. July 1901. (Collins).

511. Dichothrix fucicola (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 379. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 644. 1907.
Mazé and Schramm. Essai Class. Algues Guadeloupe. 32. 1877. (Mas-
tichonema sargassi Crouan). Murray. Catalogue of the Marine

Algae of the West Indian Region. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 18809.

Plant mass caespitose, made up of penicillate, olive green fascicles,
5-8 mm. in height; filaments 20-30 mic. in diameter (in the ultimate
branches), erect, rigid; false branches appressed, strict, fastigiate, included
for some distance within the common tegument; sheaths close, thin,
uniform, hyaline or yellowish; trichomes 17-22 mic. in diameter, ending in
a long hair; upper cells quadrate or one-half as long as wide, lower cells
two or three times longer than wide; cell contents pale green; heterocysts
basal and intercalary.

West Indies. Guadeloupe. (Mazé).

280 Minnesota Algae

512. Dichothrix penicillata Zanardini. Plantarum Maris Rubri Enumeratio.

89. pl. 12. f. 3. 1858. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann.

Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 379. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 644. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 2. no. 62. 1895.

Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 242. 1901.
Collins, Holden and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 23. no. 1112. 1903.

Plant mass caespitose, fastigiate-penicillate, scattered or gregarious,
dark green; filaments 25-35 mic. in diameter, (in ultimate branches), 2 mm.
in length, short, flexuous; sheaths thick, gelatinous, soft, uniform, hyaline;
trichomes 15 mic. in diameter; cells shorter than the diameter; cell con-
tents olive; heterocysts oblong, solitary.

Mexico. Gulf of Mexico. (Hooper). West Indies. Guadeloupe.
(Mazé). In tufts at joints of Cymopolia barbata. Port Maria,
Jamaica. March 1893. (Humphrey). On Dictyota dichotoma. (Pease
and Butler). On Digenia simplex. Santurce, Porto Rico. May 1903.
(Howe).

513. Dichothrix utahensis Tilden. American Algae. Cent. III. no. 288. 1898.
Setchell. Notes on Cyanophyceae.—III. Erythea. 7: 45. 1899.

Plant mass impregnated with calcium carbonate, light blue-green, .5-1
cm. in thickness; filaments 22-30 mic. in diameter, generally thickened at
the base; false branches appressed, included below in the common tegu-
ment; sheaths thick, lamellose, colorless or brownish; trichomes
7.5-12.5 mic. in diameter, sometimes constricted at joints, tapering into a
long hair; cells in lower portions equal to the diameter in length, in upper
parts shorter than the diameter; cell contents olive green; heterocysts basal
and intercalary, the former one to three in number.

Utah, Forming a calareous crust on an old board and on stones in a
small stream running from a brackish pond into Great Salt Lake, one
mile northeast from Black Rock, Garfield Beach. July 1897. (Tilden).

The above species resembles D. gypsophila and D. calcarea
in its habit of forming a calcareous crust and in some minor characters;
like Calothrix scopularum it has the basal portion of the filament
thickened and often shows two or three basal heterocysts. Dr. Setchell
refers it to Calothrix parietina, but the filaments are much too
large for that species, there are numerous intercalary heterocysts, and it
differs in several other important characteristics.

Genus POLYTHRIX Zanardini. Phyc. Indic. Pugillus. 32. 1872.

Plant mass filiform, branched, consisting of numerous filaments fas-
ciculately arranged, included within a common tegument; filaments densely
crowded, branched; heterocysts terminal and intercalary.

514. Polythrix corymbosa (Harvey) Grunow in herb. Bornet and Fla-
hault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 380. 1886. Har-
vey. Nereis Boreali-Americana. Part. III. 1o9. pl. 28 B. 1858. (M1-
crocoleus corymbosus Harv.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 645.
1907.

Myxophyceae 281

Farlow. List Marine Algae U. S. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380.
1875. Murray. Catalogue of the Marine Algae of the West Indian Re-
gion. Journ. of Bot. 27: 261. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1016. 1903.

Plant mass caespitose, pulvinate, expanded, made up of rigid, fastigiate,
twisted tufts 1-3 cm. in height, dichotomously or irregularly branched; com-
mon tegument transparent or yellowish; trichomes 5-6 mic. in diameter,
tapering into a thin hair at the apex; heterocysts somewhat spherical.

Florida. On mud flats near high water mark. Key West. (Harvey,
Farlow). Forming a turf, 1 cm. thick, on rocks just below low water mark.
Key West. October 1902. (Howe).

Genus SACCONEMA Borzi.
Morfologia, etc. N. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 14: 282, 298. 1882.

Plant mass or colony small, gelatinous, lobed or torn; common tegu-
ment lamellose, very much folded and saccate, finally dissolved at apices,
containing from two to many trichomes; trichomes irregularly aggregated,
somewhat caespitose; false branches short, moniliform, not coalesced;
heterocysts basal, spherical; gonidia present.

515. Sacconema rupestre Borzi. Note alla Morfologia e Biologia delle
Alghe Ficocromacee. Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 14: 282, 298. pl. 16,
17. f, 9-12. 1882. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci.
Nat. Bot. VII. 3: 381. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 646. 1907.
Hauck and Richter. Phyk. Univ. no. 741. 1891. Wittrock, Nordstedt
and Lagerheim. Algae Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 1309. 1896.

Plate XIX. fig. 4.
Trichomes 8 mic. in diameter; heterocysts basal, spherical; gonidia 15
mic. in diameter; wall of gonidium roughened.
Massachusetts. Suntaug Lake, Tynnfield. September 1890. (Collins).

Genus ISACTIS Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. 11. 1885.

Plant mass flat, crustaceous, orbicular, thin, adhering by the lower
surface, growing at the margin; filaments parallel, erect, unbranched or
rarely sparingly branched; heterocysts basal; gonidia unknown.

I Filaments decumbent at base; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter
I. plana

II Filaments slightly swollen at base; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter
I. centrifuga

516. Isactis plana (Harvey) Thuret. Essai Class. Nostochinées. 11. 1885.
Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII.

4: 344. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 646. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877.
(Mastigonema plana Rab.). Farlow. Marine Algae of New Eng-

282 Minnesota Algae

land. 39. pl. 1. f. 2. 1881. Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886. Collins. Marine Algae of Nantucket. 5. 1888;
Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310. 1888. Mar-
tindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of
Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 91. 1889. Wolle and Martindale.
Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv.
N. J. 2: 603. 1889. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
4. no. 156. 1896. Collins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V.
Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 42. 1900; Phycological Notes of the late Isaac
Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 224. 1905.

Plate XIX. fig. 5.

Plant mass green, becoming brown or black, showing dark purple tints
when dried; filaments decumbent at the base, up to .5 mm. in length,
crowded; sheaths close, transparent, sometimes yellowish, scarcely distinct;
trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter, produced at the apex into a very long, thin
hair; cells shorter than their diameter; cell contents blue-green or green-
ish violet,

New England. Very common on rocks and on other algae, forming
dark green spots scarcely raised above the substance on which it is grow-

ing. (Farlow). Massachusetts. On Fucus vesiculosus at half
tide. Cuttyhunk. August 1894. (Setchell). On shells. Polpis. (Collins).
Connecticut. On stones. Charles Island. September. (Holden). New

York. Wet rocks. Portage. (Wolle). On shells at and below low water
mark. Cold Spring Harbor. August 1895. (Johnson). Shores of Long Island.
On Fucus. Fort Hamilton, Jamaica Bay. (Pike). New Jersey. On
stones and old oyster shells. Atlantic City. (Morse, Martindale).

Var. fissurata Bornet and Flahault. 1. c. 345. De Toni. 1. c. 647.

Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif. Pub.
Bot. 1: 198. 1903.

Plant mass zonate; filaments branched, closely cohering; especially
rock-loving.

Alaska. On stones. Captains Bay, Unalaska. (Lawson).

517. Isactis centrifuga Bornet in Collins. Notes on Algae—lIII. Rhodora.
3: 136. 1901. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc.
16. no. 757. 1900. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 647. 1907.

Plant mass up to 4 cm. in diameter, the growth marginal, the central
portion of the mass becoming detached from the substratum and rounding °
upwards, while the margin remains closely attached, dark green or nearly
biack; filaments 8-12 mic. in diameter, slightly swollen at base, reaching a
length of a millimeter; sheaths firm, usually translucent, sometimes brown-
ish and opaque; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter; cells one-third to one-
half as long as wide; heterocysts basal, spherical or depressed, rarely in-
tercalary and spherical or elongate.

Rhode Island. On soft crumbling rocks, at low water mark. Ochre
Point, Newport. May, June 1900. (Collins).

Myxophyceae 283

Genus RIVULARIA (Roth) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 19. 1824.

Colonies spherical, hemispherical or inflated and lobed, solid or hollow,
sometimes confluent into an indefinite mass; filaments radiating from the
center, repeatedly branched; sheaths conspicuous near the base of the
trichomes, near the periphery of the colony gelatinous. and confluent;
heterocysts basal; gonidia more or less cylindrical and elongate, not known
in all species.

I Filaments flagelliform, tapering towards the apex; gonidia present
1 Colonies hard; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter; gonidia 9-15 mic. in

diameter, especially cylindrical R. pisum

2 Colonies soft; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter; gonidia 10-18 mic. in
diameter, larger at the base R. natans

3 Colonies firm, solid, light green; gonidia cylindrical, frequently
curved, about nine times as long as broad R. incrustata

4 Colonies soft, solid; trichomes 8-10 mic. broad at the base; gonidia
8-18 mic. in diameter, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved
R. echinulata

II Filaments gradually tapering; gonidia unknown
1 Colonies hollow when old
(1) Colonies soft; trichomes 4-5 mic. in diameter in lower portion,

somewhat constricted at joints R. polyotis
(2) Colonies soft; trichomes 2-5 mic. in diameter, cylindrical
R. nitida

2 Colonies solid
(1) Colonies not encrusted with calcium carbonate
A Plants living in fresh water

a Trichomes 4 mic. in diameter R. borealis

b Trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter R. compacta

c Trichomes 9-12.5 mic. in diameter R. minutula

d Trichomes continuous or indistinctly divided; heterocysts 10-12

mic. in diameter R. paradoxa
B Plants living in salt water; trichomes 2.5-5 mic. in diameter
R. atra
(2) Colonies encrusted with calcium carbonate
A Colonies hemispherical, finally confluent and forming a hard,
stony crust; trichomes 4-7.5 mic. in diameter
R. haematites
B Colonies small, somewhat hard; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter
R. dura
C Colonies at first hemispherical, afterwards forming a gelatinous
crust, indurated with calcium carbonate in ‘the interior; trich-
omes 5-9 mic. in diameter R. coadunata
D Colonies spherical, hard; trichomes 4-16 mic. in diameter
R. bornetiana

284. Minnesota Algae

Species not well understood

R. mexicana

R. microscopica
Z minutula

Z. mollis

518. Rivularia pisum Agardh. Syst. Algar. 25. 1824. Bornet and Flahault.
Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 366. 1886. (Gloeo-
trichia pisum Thur.). De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 653. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 47. pl. 2. f. 9.
1872. (R. cartilaginea Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. (R. echinata Eng. Bot.). Arthur.
Some Algae of Minnesota supposed to be Poisonous. Fourth Bien. Report
Bd. Regents. Suppl. 1. 99. 1887; Second Report on some Algae suppused
to be Poisonous. 1. c. 109. 1887. (Gl. pisum (Ag.) Thur.). Collins.
Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:
€04. 1889. Anderson and Kelsey. Common and Conspicuous Algae of
Montana. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 18: 143. 1891. Saunders. Protophyta-
Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 25. pl. 3. f. 33. 1804. Collins, Holden
and Setchell, Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 311. 1897. Tilden. List of
Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn.
Bot. Studies. 2: 27. 1808. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of
Ohio. Ohio Nat. 2: 222. 1902. Nelson. Observations upon some Algae
which cause “Water Bloom.” Minn. Bot. Studies. 3: 52, 56. 1903. Collins.
Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Holden.—II. Rhodora. 7: 238. 1905.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 27. no. 1310. 1905.

Plate XIX. fig. 6.

Colonies small, 1-2 mm., rarely up to I cm. in diameter, spherical, hard,
blackish green; filaments crowded; trichomes 4-7 mic. in diameter, ending
in a hair; cells somewhat quadrate; cell contents olive; gonidia 9-15 mic.
in diameter, 60-400 mic. in length, surrounded by a special sheath.

Massachusetts. Medford, Newton. (Farlow). On stems of flowering
plants. Lake Quannapowitt, Wakefield. September 1906. (Collins). Con-
necticut. Floating on the surface, forming a verdigris-green scum. Twin
Lakes, Salisbury. October 1892. (Setchell and Holden). New Jersey.
“Parasitic” on aquatic plants in ponds and pools. (Wolle). Ohio. (Kel-
lerman). Michigan. Attached to leaves of water plants in marsh. North-
ern part of state. (Wood). Grosse Isle, near mouth of Detroit River. Sum-
mer of 1885. (Campbell). Minnesota. Lake Phalen, near St. Paul. August
1882; Lake Tetonka, at Waterville. July 1883; Lake Minnetonka. August
1883. (Farlow and Arthur). Abundant on water plants. Vermilion Lake.
July 1886. (Arthur, Bailey and Holway). Floating on surface of water in
large quantity. Lake Minnewaska, Glenwood. August 1897. (Foss), Iowa.
On Utricularia. East Okoboji Lake. July 1883. (Farlow and Arthur).

Myxophyceae : 285

Nebraska. On water plants. Minden. (Saunders). Montana. On leaflets

of Myriophyllum. Common in Sand Coulee Creek. (Anderson and
Kelsey).

519. Rivularia natans (Hedwig) Welwitsch. Synopsis Nostochinearum
Austriae Inferioris. 17, 1836. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 369. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 648. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 47. 1872. (Glo e-
otrichia angulosa Rab.). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull.
Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877; Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 246. pl. 178. f. 4-20;
pl. 179. f. Io, 11. 1887. Rabenhorst. Algen Europa’s. no. 2539. (Gloio-
trichia parvula Rabenh.). Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 114.
1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found
in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1880. Saunders. Protophyta-Phy-
cophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 24. pl. 3. f. 32. 1894. Tilden. American Algae.
Cent. I. no. 80. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota dur-
ing 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 5. no. 214. 1896. Collins, The Algae of Jamaica.
Proc. Am. Acad. 37: 242. 1901. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 569.
1902. Kellerman. Proposed Algological Survey of Ohio. Ohio Nat. 2: 222.
1902. Clark. The Holophytic Plankton of Lakes Atitlan and Amatitlan.
Guatemala. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 21: 98. 1908.

Plate XIX. fig. 7, Plate XX. fig. 1-3.

Colonies up to 10 cm. in diameter, spherical, bullate, hollow, soft, dull
olive green; filaments loosely associated; trichomes 7-9 mic. in diameter,
tapering into a thick hair; lower cells barrel-shaped, about as long as
wide, upper cells shorter than the diameter; cell contents olive; hetero-
cysts 6-12 mic. in diameter, usually spherical; gonidia without sheath
10-18 mic. in diameter, 40-250 mic. in length; external sheaths up to 40 mic.
in diameter, often wide, folded and wrinkled, transparent or brownish, with
smooth surface.

Rhode Island. (Bailey). New York. Attached to water plants, in
pools. Buffalo. (Wolle). When young attached to stones and weeds, after-
wards floating free. Shore of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca. September 1895. (Atkin-
son). New Jersey. In small ponds and pools. (Wolle). Pennsylvania.
On water plants. Bethlehem. July 1877. (Wolle). Ohio. (Kellerman).
Minnesota. Floating near edge of artificial lake Minneapolis. August 1894;
on pondweeds in pond. Woodland Park, Duluth. August rgo1. (Tilden).
Nebraska. Minden. (Saunders). Central America. Among sponges. (Meek).
West Indies. Under Nymphaea leaves. Botanic Garden, Castleton, Ja-
maica. April 1893. (Humphrey). Hawaii. Forming soft brown velvety
masses, appearing spherical in the water, collapsing when taken out. In
lower terrace water of rice field, with Chara. Aiea, Oahu. June 1900. (Til-
den).
s20. Rivularia incrustata (Wood) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 656. 1907. Wood.

Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 45. pl. 3. f. 4.
1872. (Gloeotrichia incrustata Wood).

286 Minnesota Algae

Tilden. American Algae. Cent. I. no. 81. 1894; List of Fresh-Water Al-
gae collected in Minnesota during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1896.

Colonies spherical or somewhat oval, firm, solid, about the size of a
very small pea, crystal-bearing, light green; filaments straight or slightly
curved, produced into long hairs, not regularly articulated; apex of fila-
ment straight or slightly curved, mostly indistinctly articulate, frequently
interrupted; sheaths ample, transparent, saccate, sometimes strongly con-
‘stricted; lower cells in the mature filament short and generally compressed;
gonidia cylindrical, frequently curved, about nine times as long as broad.

Pennsylvania. Growing attached to small water plants. Schuylkill River,
near Spring Mills, Philadelphia. (Wood). Minnesota. Attached to Chara.
Lake Minnetonka, Hennepin County. August 1894. (MacDougal).

521. Rivularia echinulata (Smith) Bornet and Flahault. Sur la Determina-
tion des Rivulaires qui forment des Fleurs d’Eau. Bull. Soc. Bot.
de France. 31: 76. 1884. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 657. 1907.
Farlow. Notes on Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 224. 1883. (R. flu-
itans Cohn); 8: 246. 1883. (Echinella articulata Ag.). Wit-
trock and Nordstedt. Algae. Aq. Dulc. Exsicc. no. 664. 1884. Wolle.
Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 249. pl. 179. f. 4. 1887. Richter. Bot. Gaz. 19:
425. 1894. Tilden. List of Fresh-Water Algae collected in Minnesota
during 1894. Minn. Bot. Studies. 1: 236. 1895. Collins, Holden and Setch-
ell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 7. no. 311. 1897. (Gl. pisum (Ag.) Thur.).
Howe. A Note on the “Flowering” of the Lakes in the Adirondacks. Tor-
reya. 3: 150. 1903.

Plate XX. fig. 4.

Colonies solid, free swimming, soft, firm when dried, .5-1.5 mm. in
diameter, especially spherical, sometimes lenticular, straight or recurved,
cylindrical, with the surface villous from the protruding trichomes; fila-
ments radiately arranged, loosely associated; trichomes 8-10 mic. broad at
the base, ending in a long hair; lower cells spherical, those in the middle
of the trichome quadrate, upper cells long cylindrical, the end cell pointed;
cell contents showing sulphur granules or vacuoles; heterocysts 9-10 mic.
in diameter, oblong or spherical; gonidia 8-18 mic. in diameter, 44-50 mic.
in length, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, with granular contents.

New York. Honnedaga Lake, Herkimer County. Altitude 2,200 feet.
August; Chilson Lake, Essex County, June to August. (Smith). Minne-
sota. Lake Sakatah and Lake Tetonka, Waterville. (Porter). Lake Minne-
tonka. August 1883; Waterville, June 1884. (Arthur). Lake Minnetonka.
August 1883. (Farlow). Lake Chisago, Chisago County. July 1804. (Mac-
Dougal and Anderson).

Note: See also the two articles by Professor Arthur under R. pisum.

s22. Rivularia polyotis (Agardh) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 360. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 659. 1907.
Collins. Algae from Atlantic City, N. J. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 15: 310.

Myxophyceae 287

1888, (R.hospita Thur.). Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey
Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1:
gt. 1889. Wolle and Martindale. Algac. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants
found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 21. no. 1015. 1903.

Plate XX. fig. 5, 6.

Colonies up to 3 cm. in diameter, at first hemispherical, pulvinate, gre-
garious, finally becoming bullate, hollow, soft, dull blackish green; sheaths
wide, lamellose, ocreate, funnel-shaped, dilated, the outer layers confluent
into an amorphous gelatin, becoming yellowish brown with age; trichomes
4-5 mic, in diameter in lower portion, above 8-13.5 mic. in diameter, some-
what constricted at joints, tapering into a thick hair; lower cells about twice
as long as their diameter, upper cells twice as short as the diameter.

New Jersey. On roots of Spartina and on oyster shells. (Morse).
Florida, On pneumatophores of the black mangrove (Avicennia niti-
da), just above low water mark. Key West. October 1902. (Howe).

523. Rivularia nitida. Agardh. Dispositio Algarum Sueciae. 44. 1817. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 357.
1887. De Toni. Syll, Algar. 5: 661. 1907.

Farlow. Marine Algae of New England. 38. 1881. (Rivularia pli-
cata Carm.). Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
13: 106. 1886. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and
Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: gr. 1889.
Collins. Algae.—Rand and Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine.
247. 1894. Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 6. no. 260.
1897. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine
Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. Tilden. American Algae. Cent. VI. no. 571.
1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of Northwestern America. Univ. Calif.
Pub. Bot. 1: 198. 1903. Collins. Phycological Notes of the late Isaac Hol-
den.—II. Rhodora. 7: 224. 1905.

Colonies up to 3 cm. in diameter, spherical or expanded, plicate-corru-
gate, soft, hollow, olive green; filaments crowded; sheaths close, narrow,
scarcely distinct, in the lower portion of the filament expanded, transparent
er yellowish brown; trichomes 2-5 mic. in diameter, cylindrical, ending in
a very thin, very long hair; lower cells three or four times longer than
their diameter, upper cells shorter; cell contents olive.

Alaska, On mud near high water mark. St. Michael. (Setchell). Can-
ada. In stream attached to roots of higher plants. Minnesota Seaside Sta-
tion, Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. July 1901. (Leavitt
and Crosby). Nova Scotia. (Collins). Maine. On woodwork, rare.
(Collins). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. On mud and
Spartina roots. Cohasset Narrows; Wood’s Holl. (Farlow). On wood-
work, Wellington, Medford. October 1892. (Collins). On roots of Spar-
tina. Quamquisset Harbor, Falmouth. July and August 1891. (Setchell).
Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On bank of outlet. Fresh Pond.
Tuly to September. (Holden). New York. Prince’s Bay, Staten Island;
shores of Long Island, Jamaica Bay, Canarsie. (Pike).

288 Minnesota Algae

sz4. Rivularia borealis P. Richter. Siisswasseralgen aus dem Umanak-
distrikt. Bib. Bot. 7: Heft. 42. 4. f. 1. 1897. De Toni. Syll. Algar.
5: 664. 1907.
Plate XX. fig. 7, 8.

Colonies up to .5 mm. in diameter, small, spherical or hemispherical,
gregarious, sometimes confluent into an indefinite mass, soft, not indurated
with calcium carbonate; filaments up to 200 mic. in length, loosely asso-
ciated; sheaths in the interior of the mass close, those near the periphery
expanded, narrow at the apex, diffluent with age; trichomes 4 mic. in di-
ameter, ending in a hair; lower cells depressed, shorter than the diameter,
upper cells quadrate; heterocysts 4 mic. in diameter, spherical.

Greenland. On.submerged plants and especially on Myriophyllum
epiphytica, in a lake. Umanak. (Vanhoffen).

525. Rivularia compacta Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc.
Bor.-Am., Fasc. 11. no. 508. 1898; Notes on Algae.—I. Rhodora. 1:
to. 1899.

Colonies spherical or somewhat spherical, firm, not encrusted with
lime, smooth, minute, seldom over 2 mm. in diameter, dark green or black-
ish; filaments 15-20 mic. in diameter, closely packed; sheaths more or less
expanded above, colorless or yellowish; trichomes 6-10 mic. in diameter,
constricted at joints, tapering gradually to a hair-like termination; cells
about as long as broad below, one-third to one-quarter as long above;
heterocysts basal, spherical or oblong.

Massachusetts. On stones, shore of Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells. Sep-
tember 1890. (Collins). Connecticut. Norwich. (Setchell).

This species “resembles R. minutula (Kuetz.) Born. & Flah., but the
thalli are much firmer, and not at all encrusted with lime; the trichomes
are slenderer, and the filaments more densely packed. In some particulars
it agrees with the description of R. beccariana (De Not.) Born. &
Flah., Revis. des Nost., part 2, p. 56; but the latter has more slender trich-
omes, with longer articulations and much narrower sheaths.”—Collins.

526. Rivularia minutula (Kuetzing) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 348. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5:

672. 1907.
Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 8: 38. 1881. (R.
radians minutula Kirchn.). Stalker. Report on the Waterville

Cattle Disease. Fourth Bien. Rep. Bd. Regents Univ. of Minn. Suppl. I.
Rep. Dept. Agric. Univ. of Minn. 105, 108. 1887. (Limnactis minutu-
la Kuetz.). Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. (R. radians
Thur.). Richter in Kuntze. Revisio Generum Plantarum. Part III. II.
389. 1898.

Plate XX. fig. 9.
Colonies up to 8 mm. in diameter, spherical or hemispherical, some-

times confluent, soft or indurated with calcium carbonate, blue-green or
brownish; filaments loosely associated; sheaths 27 mic. in thickness, wide,

Myxophyceae 289

lamellose, ocreate, hyaline or brownish; ocreae funnel-shaped, dilated above;
trichomes 9-12.5 mic. in diameter, gradually tapering into a thick hair with
short cells; lower cells somewhat quadrate, upper cells three or four times
shorter than their diameter; heterocysts oblong or hemispherical.

Massachusetts. Spot Pond, Stoneham. (Collins). Minnesota. “Very
abundant, covering the surface of the lake for a considerable extent. ‘The
natives corfsider it to be grass seed washed into the lake.” July 1880.
(Hobbe). Iowa. In West Okoboji Lake, Dickinson County. (Stalker).
Montana. On water plants. 1874. (Kuntze).

527. Rivularia paradoxa (Wolle) De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 672. 1907. Wolle.
Fresh Water Algae. II. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 138. 1877. (Zon o-
trichia paradoxa Wolle); Fresh Water Algae. III. 1. c. 184.

Colonies hemispherical, gelatinous, bright blue-green; younger fila-
ments flagelliform, older ones often contracted in the middle, or narrow
below and gradually widened more than half the length, then tapering to
a fine point (filaments of the latter form are usually much longer, double
the length of the former); trichomes continuous or indistinctly divided;
cells quadrate to‘three‘rimes as long as wide, very variable; cell contents
47anular, green tinged with brown; heterocysts 10-12 mic. in diameter.

Pennsylvania, Wolle.

528. Rivularia atra Roth. Catalecta Botanica. 3: 340. 1806. Bornet ‘and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 353. 1886.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 664. 1907.

Wood, Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 50. 1872.
(Zonotrichia minutula Rab.). Farlow. List Marine Algae United
States. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 10: 380. 1875. Farlow. Marine Algae of
New England. 38. pl. 2. f. 2. 1881. Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 321.
i883. (Rivularia hemispherica (L.) Aresch). Farlow. Notes on
Fresh-Water Algae. Bot. Gaz. 8: 224. 1883. Pike. Check List of Marine
Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 106. 1886. Collins. Marine Algae of
Nantucket. 5. 1888. Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue
of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 18809. Martindale.
Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and Adjacent Waters of Staten
Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 91. 1880. Anderson. List of California
Marine Algae, with Notes Zoe. 2: 218. 1891. Collins, Algae——Rand and
Redfield’s Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine. 247. 1894. Rosenvinge.
Les Algues Marines du Groenland. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 19: 162. 1894
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 357. 1897. Ros-
envinge. Deuxiéme Mémoire sur les Algues Marines du Groenland. Medd.
om Groenland. 20: 121. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England
Piants.—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900; Phycological Notes of the
Jate Isaac Holden—II. Rhodora. 7: 224. 1905. Boérgesen and Jonsson.
‘The Distribution of the Marine Algae of the Arctic Sea and of the North.
ernmost Part of the Atlantic. Bot. Faeroes. App. XXV. 1905.

Plate XX. fig. 10.

Colonies up to 4 mm. in diameter, spherical, solitary or confluent, dark

290 Minnesota Algae

green; filaments crowded; sheaths close, narrow, scarcely distinct, above
widened, hyaline or yellowish; trichomes 2.5-5 mic. in diameter, ending in
a thin hair; lower cells scarcely longer than the diameter, upper cells short-
er; cell contents blue-green.

Greenland. In upper part of littoral zone on sheltered coasts, gregari-
ous, but in small numbers. West coast; Baffin Bay, at Tessarmiut, Amera-
lik, Pikitsok, (Kjellman). Western part. (Borgesen and Jonsson). Eastern
part, south of 70° lat. N. (Rosenvinge). Canada. On rocks and other
aigae. Malpeque, Prince Edward Island. (Faull). New England. Com-
mon along the whole coast, on stones, algae and stalks of Spartina.
(Farlow). Maine. Common in upper tide pools. (Collins). Sea Wall.
(Holden). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. On shells in
harbor; on sides of rock pools, Marblehead, August 1897. (Collins).
Rhode Island. (Collins). Connecticut. On turf of Spartina. Charles
tsland. September. (Holden). New York. Shores of Long Island. Hell
Gate, Flushing Bay. (Pike). New Jersey. Marine. On stones. Atlantic
City. (Martindale). California. Common. On stones, algae and other
material. (Anderson). el

Var. confluens (Kuetzing) Bornet. Les Algues de Schousboe. 29. 1892.
De Toni. 1. c. 666,

Colonies confluent forming a layer or mass.

‘Maine. On ground between tide marks. Cape Rosier. July 1897. Con-
necticut. On turf of Spartina roots, Charles Island, near Milford. Sep-
tember 1896. (Holden).

529. Rivularia haematites (DC.) Agardh. Syst. Algar. 26. 1824. Bornet and
Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 350. 1886.
De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 668. 1907.

Wood, Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 49. 1872. (Zo-
notricha parcezonata Wood). Wolle. Fresh Water Algae. III.
Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 6: 184. 1877. (Zonotrichia haematites
Rabenh.). Dickie. On the Algae found during the Arctic Expedition.
Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 8. 1880. (Zonotrichia fluviatilis Kuetz.).
Campbell. Plants of the Detroit River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886,
(Rivularia calcarea Eng. Bot.). Wolle and Martindale. Algae.
Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2:
603, 1889. (Isactis fluviatilis (Rab.) Kirchn.). Saunders. Pro-
tophyta-Phycophyta. Flora of Nebraska. 25. pl. 3. f. 31. 1894. Setchell.
Notes on Cyanophyceae.—I. Erythea. 4: 88. 1896, Tilden. American AI-
gae. Cent. III. no. 289. 1898; Observations on some West American Thermal
Algae. Bot. Gaz. 25: 96. pl. 9. f. 6-9. 1898.

Plate XX. fig. 11-14.

Colonies hemispherical, finally confluent and forming a hard, stony
crust, up to a centimeter in thickness, green or olive in color, blue-green
when dried, zoned in the interior; filaments dense; sheaths close, hyaline
or rarely yellowish, fragile, strongly refringent, above ocreate, funnel-
shaped, dilated; trichomes 4-7.5 mic. in diameter, ending in a very long

Myxophyceae 291

hair; lower cells twice as long as the diameter, those in the middle of the
trichome quadrate, the upper ones half as long as wide.

Arctic Regions. “Forming firm, gelatinous bosses on pebbles in running
water.” In streams from a lake, winter-quarters. 82° 27’ N., 61° 22’ W.
(Moss). Canada. Forming a calcareous crust on botton of ditch. Natura}
Sulphur Springs, Banff, Alberta. 13 August 1897. (Tilden). New York.
Forming a slippery grayish, or grayish flesh-colored coating on rocks kept
wet and glistening with foam and spray. “Cave of the Winds,’ Niagara
Falls. (Wood). “Growing on rocks as glossy blackish, very hard and
slippery fronds or masses, which varied in size from that of very small
shot to nearly half an inch in length.” (Wood). New Jersey. Rocky

margins of Green Pond, Morris. (Wolle). Pennsylvania. Stones. Sus-
quehanna River. (Wolle). Michigan. Grosse Isle, near the mouth of the
Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell). Nebraska. Minden. (Saun-
ders). Colorado. Forming a reddish crust upon dripping rocks. Bridal

Veil Falls, Williams Cafion, near Manitou. (Setchell).

530. Rivularia dura Roth. Neue Beitrage zur Botanik. 273. 1802. Bornet
and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 347.
1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 674. 1907.

Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North America. 50. pl. 4. f. 5.
1872. (Dasyactis mollis Wood). Campbell. Plants of the Detroit
River. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 13: 93. 1886. Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U.
S. 249. pl. 179. f. 1-3. 1887. Bennett. Plants of Rhode. Island. 114. 1888.
Collins. Algae of Middlesex County. 13. 1888. (R. radians Thur.).
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Mackenzie. A Preliminary List
of Algae collected in the Neighborhood of Toronto. Proc. Can. Inst. III.
7: 270. 1890. Snow. The Plankton Algae of Lake Erie. U. S. Fish
Comm. Bull. for 1902. 22: 392. 1903.

Plate XX. fig. 15.

Colonies small, 5 mm. in diameter, somewhat hard, indurated with cal-
cium carbonate, blackish green; filaments dense; sheaths close, not lamel-
lose, uniform, hyaline; trichomes 4-9 mic. in diameter, ending in a long,
very thin hair; lower cells equal in length to the diameter, upper ones
almost three times shorter than wide; cell contents blue-green, sometimes
changing to violet when dried.

Canada. High Park, Toronto. (Mackenzie). Massachusetts. (Col-
lins). Rhode Island. Not uncommon. (Bennett). New Jersey. At-
tached to aquatic plants in ponds. (Wolle). Ohio, Plankton. Lake Erie.
Put-in-Bay. (Snow). Michigan. Attached to water plants in a small bog
near mouth of Carp River in northern part of state. (Wood). Grosse Isle,
near the mouth of the Detroit River. Summer of 1885. (Campbell).

531. Rivularia coadunata (Sommerfelt) Foslie. Contributions to Knowl-
edge of the Marine Algae of Norway. II. Tromsoe Mus. Aarsheft.
14: 21. 1891. Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nostoc. Ann. Sci. Nat.

292 Minnesota Algae

Bot. VII. 4: 352. 1886. (R. biasolettiana Menegh.). De Toni.
Syll. Algar. 5: 667. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 9: 69.
1882, (Rivularia warreniae Thur.). Setchell. Notes on some
Cyanophyceae of New England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 427. 1895.
Tilden. American Algae. Cent. II. no. 166. 18096. Collins, Holden and
Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 8. no. 358. 1897. Tilden. List of Fresh-
Water Algae collected in Minnesota during 1896 and 1897. Minn. Bot.
Studies. 2: 27. 1898. Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.
—V. Marine Algae. Rhodora. 2: 43. 1900. Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 18. no, 860. I901. Saunders. The Algae. Harriman
Alaska Expedition. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 3: 399. 1901. Tilden. Ameri-
can Algae. Cent. VI. no. 570. 1902. Setchell and Gardner. Algae of North-
western America. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 1: 198. 1903.

Plate XX. fig. 16, 17.

Colonies at first hemispherical, afterwards expanded into an olive or
blackish, gelatinous, crustaceous, cushion-like layer, 2-8 mm. in thickness,
indurated with calcium carbonate in the interior; filaments about 18 mic.
in diameter, approximate; sheaths wide, lamellose, colorless or yellowish,
cr showing transverse zones, ocreate; ocreae dilated, funnel-shaped; trich-
omes 5-9 mic. in diameter, ending in a very thin, long, flexuous hair; lower
cells a little shorter than the diameter, the upper ones one-third as long as
broad; cell contents blue-green; heterocysts oblong, basal, one to three,
rarely intercalary.

Alaska. On dripping rocks, on roots, etc., in fresh or brackish water.
West shore of Amaknak Island, Bay of Unalaska; at mouth of creek, Tliu-
liuk, Unalaska. (Setchell and Lawson). Forming minute, hard, dark bluish
green thalli, 1-3 mm. in diameter, which finally become agglutinated into
hollow, indefinite masses. On rocks in freshwater streams. Juneau; Glacier
Bay. (Saunders). Canada. On sandstone rocks just above high tide, but
submerged or at least washed by waves during storms. Minnesota Seaside
Station, Port Renfrew, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. December rgor
(Tilden). New Hampshire. (Collins). Massachusetts. Growing on a
rock, above high water mark but where the spray formed little pools in
rough weather. Marblehead. September 1881; in moist places just above
high water mark. Marblehead. June 1901. (Collins). Rhode Island. (Col-
lins). Connecticut. Occurring in fairly typical form in perfectly fresh
water. Gardner’s Lake. Eastern part of the state. (Setchell). South
Dakota. On rocks at edge of lake. Big Stone Lake. October 1895. (Grif-
fiths). Washington. East Sound, Orcas Island. (Gardner). California.
Qn dripping vertical faces of the cliff, just above high water mark. Carmel
Bay, Monterey County. December 1896. (Nott and Setchell).

532. Rivularia bornetiana Setchell. Notes on some Cyanophyceae of New
England. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club. 22: 426. 1895. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 666. 1907.

Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 4. no. 157. 18096.

Myxophyceae 293,
Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rho-
dora. 2: 43. 1900.

Colonies 1 mm. to more than a centimeter in diameter, solid, spherical,
sometimes coalescing into a cylindrical mass 5-8 cm. long, rather firm, deep
bluish black when young, later becoming light olive green or pale yellow,
not incrusted with lime; filaments 8-20 mic. in diameter, radiating from
the center, flexuous in older colonies; sheaths wide, conspicuous, colorless
to deep brown in color, very much lamellose and ocreate above; trichomes
usually 4 mic. in diameter, occasionally reaching 16 mic., very torulose
when young, very little so when older; terminal hairs long and slender in
younger plants, almost wanting in the older ones; cells from one-half to
five times as long as broad; transverse walls distinct in younger trichomes,
very obscure in older specimens; cell contents provided with a few scat-
tered granules, light blue; heterocysts 6-8 mic. in diameter, basal, depressed
spherical or ellipsoidal in shape.

Nova Scotia. (Holden, Setchell). Rhode Island. Forming globular
thalli on Ruppia maritima in brackish water. Watch Hill Pond,
Watch Hill. September 1892. (Setchell).

533. Rivularia mexicana (Kuetzing) Rabenhorst. Fl. Eur. Algar. 2: 222.
1865. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 676. 1907.

Colonies soft, gelatinous, somewhat spherical or irregular, pale green,
at first attached, finally floating free; trichomes 8-10 mic. in diameter, loose-
ly entangled, flagelliform, tapering into a colorless hair at the apex.

Mexico. In stagnant water. (Miiller).

534. Rivularia microscopica Dickie. Notes on the Algae. Sutherland’s
Journal of a Voyage in Baffin’s Bay and Barrow Straits in the Years
1850-51. 2: 193. 1852. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 677. 1907.
Kjellman. Algae of the Arctic Sea. 322. 1883.
Arctic Regions. Growing on Enteromorpha compressa.
American Arctic Sea; Assistance Bay and “other localities.” (Dickie).

535. Zonotrichia minutula Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America. 50. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 675. 1907.

Colonies very small, somewhat spherical, not distinctly zoned, rather
soft, not impregnated with calcium carbonate, blackish green; internal fila-
ments very distinctly fasciculately branched; sheaths thick, ample, often
pale orange brown, with their apices mostly colorless, torn and open; trich-
omes 3-5 mic. in diameter; cells short; heterocysts 6 mic. in diameter, ovate
to spherical.

New York. Forming very small, blackish green, subglobose masses,
attached to mosses. Clear Pond, Adirondack Mountains. (Wood).

536. Zonotrichia mollis Wood. Contr. Hist. Fresh-Water Algae North
America, 48. pl. 4. f. 3. 1872. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 675. 1907.

Colonies somewhat hemispherical, gregarious, often confluent into

a mammillose stratum, somewhat soft, grey or flesh-colored, slightly

204 Minnesota Algae

zoned; filaments up to 4.2 mic. in diameter, very long, narrow, flexuous;
sheaths close, colorless, firm, not Abrous; trichomes up to 2 mic. in diame-
ter, often interrupted; transverse walls visible; cells equal to up to four
times longer than broad; heterocysts single, spherical.

New York. On dripping rocks. Cave of the Winds, Niagara. (Wood).

Genus BRACHYTRICHIA Zanardini.
Phyc. Indic. Pugillus. 24. 1872.

Colonies at first solid, finally becoming hollow, made up of Nostoc-
like filaments embedded in gelatin; filaments flexuously curved, parallel,
above tapering and drawn out into a hair at the apex, very much branched;
sheaths distinct in the young filaments, tubular, finally becoming confluent
and invisible; heterocysts intercalary, arranged without any order.

537. Brachytrichia quoyi (Agardh) Bornet and Flahault. Revis. des Nos-
toc. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 4: 373. 1886. De Toni. Syll. Algar.

5: 680. 1907.
Farlow. List of the Marine Algae of the United States. 25. 1876. (Rivu-
laria nitida?). Bornet in Farlow, Anderson and Eaton. Algae Am.

Bor. Exsicc. no. 45. 1876. (Hormactis farlowii Born.); in Farlow.
Marine Algae of New England. 39. pl. 2. f. 1. 1881. (Hormactis quoyi
(Ag.) Bornet). Pike. Check List of Marine Algae. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
13: 106. 1886. Martindale. Marine Algae of the New Jersey Coast and
Adjacent Waters of Staten Island. Mem. Torr. Bot. Club. 1: 91. 1889.
Wolle and Martindale. Algae. Britton’s Catalogue of Plants found in New
Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J. 2: 604. 1889. Hauck and Richter. Phyk. Univ.
no. 681. 1890. Schiveley. Hormactis quoyii. Proc. Phil. Acad. 1890: 497.
1891. Wittrock and Nordstedt. Algae Aq. Dulce. Exsicc. no. 1197. 1893.
Collins, Holden and Setchell. Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 1. no. 8. 1895. Col-
lins, Preliminary Lists of New England Plants—V. Marine Algae. Rho-
dora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plate XX. fig. 18.

Colonies up to 5 cm. in diameter, plicate-expanded and bullate, conflu-
ent, blackish green.

Massachusetts. Growing on Fucus at half tide. Wood’s Holl. (Far-
low), Falmouth; Wood’s Holl. July 1892. (Collins). Forming bladders
on stems of old Fucus vesiculosus L. Quamquisset Harbor, Fal-
mouth. August .1890. (Setchell). New York. Shores of Long Island.
Greenport. July. (Pike). New Jersey. Atlantic City. (Morse). Cal-
ifornia. Pacific Ocean. (Grunow).

Families and Genera not well understood.

Genus ASTEROTHRIX Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 200. 1843.

Filaments very rigid, nude, with cuspidate, obtuse or acute ends, some-
what genuflexuous, branched at right angles; transverse walls usually in-
distinct; propagation unknown.

Myxophyceae 295

538. Asterothrix creginii Wolle. Fresh-Water Algae U. S. 322. pl. 209.
f, 22-25. 1887. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 683. 1907.

Bennett. Plants of Rhode Island. 115. 1888.

Plate XX. fig. 19, 20.

Filaments 2-4 mic. in diameter, short, pale blue-green; branches given
off at right angles, cross-like; trichomes often moniliform; transverse
walls usually evident.

Rhode Island. Pocasset. (Bennett). Kansas. Norton. (Cregin).

Genus GONIOTRICHUM Kuetzing. Phyc. Gen. 244. 1843.

Colonies erect, filamentous, dichotomously or rarely unilaterally
branched; filaments at first unbranched, finally branched, by the repeated
division of cells at right angles; branches more or less regularly branched;
cells showing a central star-shaped chromatophore, a central pyrenoid, and
an eccentric nucleus; cell walls diffluent into a gelatinous mucus which
iorms a thick, gelatinous envelope surrounding each cell.

I Colonies filamentous, solid, gelatinous, occasionally branched
G. humphreyi

II Filaments single or associated in rose-red bundles (colonies), usually
thickened at the base, tapering above G. elegans
’
539. Goniotrichum humphreyi Collins in Collins, Holden and Setchell.
Phyc. Bor.-Am. Fasc. 9, no. 421. 1898; The Algae of Jamaica. Proc.
Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 251. 1901. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 688.
1907.

Colonies filamentous, solid, gelatinous, occasionally forking or dividing
into several branches, the terminal portion consisting of a single series of
cells, the older part containing numerous cells irregularly placed near the
surface of the filament; lateral branches abundant, simple, issuing nearly at
a right angle, composed of a single series of cells.

West Indies. On woodwork of wreck. St. Ann’s Bay. March 1893.
(Humphrey).

540. Goniotrichum elegans (Chauvin) Zanardini. Notizie intorno alle Cel-
lulari Marine delle Lagune e dei Litorali de Venezia. Atti R. Ist.
Ven. I. 6: 69. 1847. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 687. 1907.

Collins. The Algae of Jamaica. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 37: 251. 1901.

Filaments 20 mic. in diameter, .3-6 mm. in length, single or associated
in rose-red bundles or colonies, usually thickened at the base, above taper-
ing, rarely unbranched, often somewhat dichotomously branched; cells 7-10
mic. in diameter, in one or many series, spherical or elliptical; cell con-
tents violet or reddish changing to green.

296 Minnesota Algae

Canada. In tufts on Chondrus crispus. Malpeque, Prince Edward
Island. (Faull). West Indies. Among other algae on Laurencia ob-
tusa. Near Kingston, (Duerden.).

Genus ASTEROCYTIS Gobi. Kurzer Bericht Algol. Excur.
St. Petersb. Gesellsch. Nat. 10: 93. 1879.

Colonies erect, filamentous, branched; cells ellipsoid, irregularly ar-
ranged, reproduction by means of non-motile, naked gonidia; sexual re-
production unknown.

_541. Asterocytis ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi. Kurzer Bericht iiber die im
Summer 1878 ausgefihrte Algologische Excursion. St. Petersb.
Gesellsch. d. Naturf. 10: 93. 1879. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 690. 1907.

Collins. Notes on New England Marine Algae. V. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club.
18: 336. 1801. (Goniotrichum ramosum (Thwaites) Hauck).

Plate XX. fig. 21.
ay TRS &

Filaments 12-20 mic. in diameter, 1-10 mm. long, associated in green or
lead-colored fascicles; branching somewhat dichotomous or unilateral;
cells 5-8 mic. in diameter, 8-20 mic. in length, in a single series, cylindrical-
rotund or elongate; cell contents lead-colored or green.

Massachusetts. In small quantity among other algae. Quincy. (Collins).

Genus GLAUCOCYSTIS Itzigsohn in Rabenhorst.
De Algen Europas. no. 1935. 1866.

Cells elliptical, oval, rarely elongate-elliptical, associated in spherical
or elliptical, microscopical families of from two to eight cells, surrounded
by a colorless, thin and soon diffluent common tegument; cell contents at
first blue in color, finally displaying a blue-green or green chromatophore;
reproduction by division of cells in one direction.

’

542. Glaucocystis nostochinearum Itzigsohn in Rabenhorst. De Algen Eu-
ropas. no. 1935. 1866. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 693. 1907.

Lagerheim. Ueber einige Algen aus Cuba, Jamaica and Puerto-Rico.
Bot. Notiser. 199. 1887.
Plate XX. fig. 22.

Cells 10-18 mic. in diameter, 18-28 mic. in length, solitary or in fami-
lies of from two to eight cells; families elliptical or somewhat spherical;
cell contents light blue-green or green; cell walls thin.

West Indies. Fajardo, Porto Rico. (Sintenis, Moebius).

Genus PORPHYRIDIUM Naegeli. Gatt. Einzell. Alg. 139. 1849.

Plant mass irregularly expanded, thin, gelatinous, crustaceous; cells
numerous, spherical or more or less angular by compression; cell contents .
reddish purple, with a central pyrenoid and an eccentric nucleus; individual

Myxophyceae 207

sheaths at first thin, becoming thick, finally diffluent into a gelatinous mu-
cus; reproduction by cell division in all directions.

543. Porphyridium cruentum (Agardh) Naegeli. Gatt. Einzell. Alg. 139. pl.
4. 1849. De Toni. Syll. Algar. 5: 697. 1907.
Buchanan. Notes on the Algae of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 14: 9.

1908.
Plate XX. fig. 23.

Plant mass often widely expanded, membranaceous, mucous, of a dark
red color, sometimes becoming greenish; cells 6.5-9 mic. in diameter, spher-
cal or angular by mutual pressure; cell contents reddish purple.

Iowa. (Buchanan).

Family II. CRYPTOGLENACEAE

Plants unicellular, blue-green, floating free in water; vegetative cells el-
liptical, oval or almost wedge-shaped, bearing two cilia of equal length, not
motile; cell walls thin, close, colorless; chromatophores disc-shaped, adher-
ing to the wall, enclosing somewhat spherical pyrenoids.

Genus CRYPTOGLENA Ehrenberg.
Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. zu. Berlin. 150. 1832.

Cells marked by a conspicuous red pigment spot; cell wall often sepa-
rated from the protoplasm, forming a sac.

544. Cryptoglena americana Davis. Notes on the Life History of a Blue-
green Motile Cell. Bot. Gaz. 19: pl. 11. 1894. De Toni. Syll. Al-
gar. 5: 700. 1907.
Collins. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants.—V. Marine Algae.
Rhodora. 2: 41. 1900.

Plate XX. fig. 24, 25.

Motile cells 5-6 mic. in diameter, 8-10 mic. in length, broadly elliptical,
hyaline on one end, slightly truncate, with a depression from which arises
a pair of cilia of unequal length, the longer one about as long as the cell
is wide; cell contents blue-green, with six to ten disc-shaped chromato-
phores arranged around the periphery, and with one or two bright red
pigment spots placed on the periphery, near the middle of the cell; non-
motile cells 6-7 mic. in diameter, 7-9 mic. in length, arranged in groups of
twos and fours in a closely packed Polycystis-like colony, almost uniformly
colored blue-green, with six to ten disc-shaped chromatophores and one or
two brownish red pigment spots near the middle of the cell at the per-
iphery; nucleus near the middle of the cell.

Massachusetts. On stems of grass and larger algae. Salt marshes of the
Charles River, Cambridge. Autumn. (Davis).

GLOSSARY

Adherent, clinging to, or united with

Adnate, touching closely or broadly

Agglutinated, glued together

Aggregated, forming a mass or col-
lection, but not cohering

Amorphous, structureless

Anastomose, to run together in a net-
hike manner

Angular, having angles; sharp cor-
nered

Apex, the end opposite the point of
attachment; tip

Appressed, pressed closely against

Approximate, near, about

Aquatic, living in water

Arachnoid, cobwebby

Articulate, jointed with cells

Asexual, without sex

Base, the point of attachment
Brackish, somewhat salty
Bulbous, with a bulb

Bullate, swollen

Bullose, swollen

Caespitose, in tufts or dense bunches

Calcareous, composed of or contain-
ing lime

Calyptra, a cap or lid

Capitate, furnished with a globose
head

Carneous, fleshy

Cartilaginous, firm
cartilage

Catenate, joined in
ries; in a chain

Cell, a closed sac, surrounded by a
wall of cellulose, containing pro-
toplasm and a single nucleus

Cell sap, the watery fluid of a cell

and tough like

a continuous se-

which separates from the proto-:

plasm as one or more vacuoles

Cell wall, the membrane enclosing
the cell contents

Cellulose, the cell wall substance of
plants

Centrifugally, from the center

Centripetally, toward the center

Chlorophyll, the green coloring mat-
ter contained in plants; leaf-
green . -.

Chromatophore, a plastid, containing
a coloring matter

Cilium (pl. cilia), one of the vibra-
tile, protoplasmic processes
which serves to propel zoogonid-
ia through the water

Circinate, rolled from the end

Clathrate, with openings like lattice
work

Clavate, club-shaped

Coalesced, grown together, united

Coalescence, the complete union of
similar things

Collateral, side by side, secondary

Colony, a group of independent cells
surrounded by a common invest-
ment; a mass of plants of more
or less definite shape, large
enough to be detected by the
naked eye

Concentric, with a common center

Confluent, growing or running to-

gether

Conidium, gonidium; a gonidium
which is abstricted from the apex
of a stalk

Constricted, narrowed in certain

places
Contiguous, near or in contact
Contorted, twisted
Contractile, able to contract
Convolute, rolled together
Coriacious, leathery, tough
Crenate, wavy
Crisped, curled
Crustaceous, crust-like
Cuspidate, pointed, with a tooth

Decumbent, lying down
Deliquescent, dissolving
Dense, crowded together
Depressed-globose, globular, with the
poles slightly flattened
Dichotomous, two-forked; furcate
Dichotomy, division into two branch-
es
Diffluent, dissolving
Disc, any flat circular area
Disc-shaped, flat and circular
Dissepiment, cross wall
Distal, pertaining to the apex
Divaricate, spreading
Diverging, separating

300

Eccentric, without a common center

Elongate, lengthened, very long

Endophyte, a plant living within an-
other organism, usually as a para-
site

Entire, not toothed

Epiphyte, a plant growing upon the
outside of another plant, but not
nourished by it

Equilateral, with equal sides

Family, a mass of plants of micro-
scopic size and somewhat definite
shape quite evidently arising from
the division of a single cell

Fascicle, bundle

Fasciculate, in bundles

Fastigiate, tapering to a point

Fenestrate, window-like

Fibrillae, little threads

Fibrillose, made up of small fibers

Fibrous, of fibers

Filament, the trichome together with
its sheath; a fine thread

Filamentous, thread-like, composed of

filaments
Filiform, thread-shaped ee
Fission, splitting; cell division in

which the cell separates into two
nearly equal portions, especially
as a mode of reproduction

Flaccid, soft, flabby

Flagelliform, whip-like

Flexuous, flexible

Floccose, composed of matted, woolly
hairs

Flocculent, woolly

Foliaceous, leaf-like

Foliose, leaf-like

Gelatinous, jelly-like

Geminate, paired

Geniculate, bent abruptly like a bent
knee

Genuflexuous, bent abruptly

Glaucous, sea-green, gray-green

Globose, like a ball

Globular, spherical or nearly so

Gonidangium, the cell’ in which go-
nidia are produced

Gonidium, a reproductive cell devel-
oped asexually; a specialized re-
productive cell capable by itself,
of giving rise to a new organ-
ism.

Granular, with granules

Granule, a small grain

Granulose, with granules

Gregarious, growing in association,
but not matted together

Grumose, grumous, like a cluster of
grains

Minnesota Algae

Habit, the general appearance or
characteristic manner of growth
of a plant

Habitat, the locality or region, or the
kind of situation in which a plant
is naturally found

Heterocyst, a cell uniformly larger
than its neighbors, but of doubt-
ful function’

Hirsute, with coarse hairs

Homogeneous, uniform in character
or substance.

Host, a plant which supports a para-
site (or an epiphyte ?)
Hyaline, clear and colorless,

parent

trans-

Immersed, sunken below the surface
Impregnated, filled with

Indurated, hardened

Inequilateral, with unequal sides
Inflated, swollen .,,

Integument, any outer covering
Intercalary, inserted between
Intricate, tangled, involved
Inundated, flooded

Investment, a covering

Laciniate, torn

Lacunose, hollowed

Lamelliform, plate-like

Lamellose, with plates or blades

Lenticular, lens-shaped

Lubricous, slippery, slimy

Lumen, cavity

Mammillate, mammillose, with nip-
ple-like projections

Mammilliform, nipple-like

Marginal, at the edge

Membranaceous, papery

Moniliform, chain-like

Motile, able to move

Mucilaginous, jelly-like

Multicellular, of several to many cells

Nodule, a little knot or lump

Nucleus, a differentiated round or
oval body embedded in the proto-
plasm of a cell

Obovate, ovate, but with the point
of attachment at the lower end

Ocrea, a sheath.

Ocreated, sheathed

Orbicular, circular

Oval, elliptical

Ovoid, egg-shaped

Pannose, ragged
Papillose, with a little point or nipple

Glossary

Parasite, a plant that lives on or in
some other organism from which
it derives its nourishment for the
whole or a part of its existence

Parenchyma, the soft, thin-walled cel-
lular tissue of plants.

Pedicel, a small or delicate supporting
stalk

Pedicellate, stalked

Pellucid, clear

Penicillate, like a brush

Periphery, edge

Phycocyanin, a blue pigment con-
tained in the chromatophores of
the blue-green algae

Pigment spot, a specialised mass of
cytoplasm permeated by a red col-
oring matter, present in the mo-
tile cells of many algae; eye-spot

Piliferous, bearing hairs

Pilose, hairy

Plant, in the CoccocoNEAE a single cell;
in the HORMOGONEAE a single trich-
ome pote

Plant mass, the usually shapeless mass
of individual plants remaining in
close proximity to each other
after their formation, either be-
cause nothing occurs to separate
them or because they are definite-
ly held together by a gelatinous
excretion

Plicate, folded or ridged

Polar, at the end

Polygonal, many-sided

Polyhedral, many-angled

Polymorphous, of many forms

Proliferated, grown out

Protoplasm, the viscid, contractile,
semiliquid, more or less granular,
substance that forms the principal
portion of an animal or vegetable
cell

Prostrate, flat, lying down

Pseudo-parenchymatous, like paren-
chyma

Pubescent, finely hairy

Pulverulent, powdery

Pulvinate, cushion-like

Punctate, dotted

Punctiform, dot-like

Pustular, like a swelling

Pyrenoid, a small colorless mass of
proteid substance seen in many
algae, which may be regarded as
reserve material

Quadrate, square, in fours

Radial, pertaining to a radius, as of
a_ circle or sphere
Rectilinear, straight

301

Refractive, refringent, bending or
turning aside as a light ray

Reniform, kidney-shaped

Reproduction, the development of one
-or more new organisms from the
whole or from a part of the pro-
toplasm of a parent organism

Rotund, round

Rugose, furrowed, roughened

Saccate, sack-like

Segment, one of the parts into which
an object is naturally divided

Septate, divided by partitions

Seriate, in a row

Sessile, without a stalk

Sheath, a gelatinous, usually tubular,
envelope surrounding a plant

Silicious, containing silica

Sinuate, snake-like, twisted

Sinus, a gulf or indentation

Spatulate, shaped like a spoon

Spherical, ball-like

Spongiose, spongy

Stellate, star-like

Stratified, in layers

Stratum, a layer

Striated, having fine markings

Sub, slightly, somewhat

Submerged, sunken

Substratum, surface on which the
plant grows

Superposed, placed one above another

Tegument, covering

Tenacious, firm, tough

Terebriform, screw-like

Terminal, end

Terrestrial, growing on the ground

Thallus, a plant-body without true
root, stem or leaf; used incorrect-
ly instead of “plant mass”

Tomentose, closely hairy

Tortuous, twisted

Torulose, chain-like

Trichome, the entire number of celis
of a multicellular plant, not in-
cluding the sheath

Truncate, cut off abruptly

Tuberculate, tuberculose, warted

Tubular, tube-like

Ultimate, last, end
Uncinate, hooked at the end
Undulate, wavy

Unicellular, one-celled
Unilateral, one-sided

Vacuole, a cavity in the protoplasm
of a cell containing a watery
fluid

302 Minnesota Algae

Ventricose, a swelling out on one Vesicular, bladdery

side or in the middle Villous, long hairy
Verrucose, warted ,
Vesicle, a small bladder-like cavity Zonate, disposed in the form of zones

Note: The proper terms to be used in connection with the blue-
green algae have not yet become definitely established. The terms and
definitions given in this treatise are merely provisional, in case better ones
can be found. Some difficulty has been experienced with the terms: “plant
mass,” “colony,” “family,” “thallus,” etc. The definition of each, as the author
conceives the meaning, is given in the glossary.

Plant mass, the usually shapeless mass of individual plants remaining in close
proximity to each other after their formation, either because nothing
occurs to separate them or because they are definitely held together by
a gelatinous excretion

Colony, a mass of plants of more or less definite shape, large enough to be
detected by the naked eye

Family, a mass of plants of microscopic size and somewhat definite shape,
quite evidently arising from the division of a single cell

Plant, in the coccocoNEaE a single cell; in the HORMOGONEAE a single trichome.
In the latter case it may be thought better. by some to consider “plant”
and “filament” as synonymous terms.

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ERRATA

8, after line 26 insert Plate I, fig. 6
26, line 23, for Hansirg read Hansgirg
27, line 27, for APHANACAPSA read APHANOCAPSA

39, line 37, for Coelosphaerium read COELOSPHAERIUM

52, line 35, for smaragdinus read smaragdina

52, line 37, for olivaceus read olivacea

54, line 38, for smaragdinus read smaragdina

55, line 4, for olivaceus read olivacea

55, line 16, after 2. insert 1904.

111, line 18, for Chondrocystic read Chondrocystis
115, line 19, for sublilis read subtilis

122, line 44, for symplocoides read symplocoidea
129, after line 25, insert Plate V. fig. 48.

130, before first line, insert Plate V. fig. 49

140, first line, for 1-4 read 1

160, line 3, after capitata insert (E. West Jun.)
168, line 25, for depresed- read depressed-

170, line 18, for natus Harpswell. read natus. Harpswell
180, line 32, for sack read sac

181, line 9, before N. insert (

191, line 18, for climbing read clinging

265, first line, for Indies read Indies

Lists of Hosts and Associates

Amphiroa 54 Mussels 137

Anodonta 137 Mya arenaria 237

Anthoceros 169 Myrica cerifera 233

Avicennia nitida 287 Myriophyllum 285

Azolla caroliniana 195 Myriophyllum epiphytica 288

; Nemalion multifidum 261

Balani 49

Bartramia fontana 132 Nuphar 239, 240

Bartramia ithyphylla 132 Nymphaea 285

Batrachospermum vagum 266

Bostrychia tenella 263 Odonthalia 54
Oedogonium 56

Celtis 221 Ostraea virginiana 51

Ceramium rubrum 55

Chaetomorpha aerea 117 Parmelia saxatilis 22

Chaetophora calcarea 276 Phragmites 270

Chantransia 50 Pithophora affinis 113, 267

Chara 68, 234, 286 Plocamium coccineum 55

Chondrus crispus 295 Polysiphonia 55, 84

See 18, 46, 56, 116, 149, 177, Polysiphonia fastigiata 53
264 i i

Cladophora expanse 285;.987 Punctaria plantaginea 258

Conferva sandvicensis 166 Ranunculus aquatilis 227, 228

Cycas revoluta 164, 165 Rhizoclonium 183

Cymopolia barbata 280 Rhizoclonium riparium 50

Rhizoclonium riparium validum 49
Rhizosolenia 202, 273
Rhodochorton 50

Rhodochorton rothii 50

Dasya arbuscula 261
Dictyota dichotoma 280
Digenia simplex 280

Enteromorpha 48, 70, 115, 264 Ruppia 90, 122, 136, 187, 257
Enteromorpha compressa 293 Ruppia maritima 99, 188, 293
Enteromorpha intestinalis 53, 54, 115,
257 Sargassum 54
Scirpus 125, 269
Fucus 54, 294 Spartina 137, 193, 287, 290
Fucus evanescens 54, 204 Spermothamnion 50
Fucus vesiculosus 282, 294 Sphacelaria 50, 53
Sphagnum 138, 151
Galaxaura 260 Spirorbis 94
Gelidium 54, 70 Stereocaulon 249
Gigartina 54 ‘ ts
Gomontia holdenii 52 Taxodium distichum 250

; Turbinaria 104, 202
Hemiaulus delicatulus 202, 273
ie craic 1 ,
Iridaea laminarioides 54 u aie oa 264

Juniperus bermudiana 226 Utricularia 8, 199, 284

Laurencia obtusa 295 Vaucheria 116, 267
Leucobryum 241
Liagora coarctata 204 Zostera 17, 120, 122, 124, 136, 193, 265

Littorina 209 Zostera marina 193, 204

INDEX

acervatus Wood (Sirosiphon) 248
acuminata Gomont (Oscillatoria) 60,

78
adscendens (Naeg.) Born. and Flah.
(Calothrix) 255, 267

aegagropila Kuetz. (Tolypothrix)
230

aeruginea (Kuetz.) Thur. (Calothrix)
254, 261

aeruginea Kuetz. (Mastigothrix) 266

aerugineo-caerulea (Kuetz.) Gom.
(Lyngbya) 109, 116

le ae Kirchn. (Mastigonema)
2

aerugineum Bréb. (Merismopedium)
42

var. violaceum Rab. 42
aerugineum n. sp. (Stigonema) 244,

245
aeruginosa (Kuetz.) Henfr. (Clathro-
cystis) 37
aeruginosa (Carm.) Kuetz. (Gloeocap-
sa) 14, 18
aeruginosa C. Ag. (Lyngbya) 120
aeruginosum (Kuetz.) Kirchn, (Mas-
tigonema) 266 °
aeruginosus Naeg.
II, 95, 140
aestuarii (Mertens) Liebm.
bya) I10, 115, 120
forma aeruginosa Wolle 120
forma aeruginosa. (Ag.) Wolle 123
forma ferruginea Gom. 123
forma limicola Gom. 122
forma natans Gom. 122
forma symplocoidea Gom. 122,
agardhii Gom. (Oscillatoria) 58, 62
agglutinata Crouan (Lyngbya) 135
aikenensis Wolle (Hypheothrix) 139,
141
alatum Berk. (Petalonema) 225
alatum (Carm.) Borzi (Scytonema)
212, 225
alpina Clements and Shantz (Eucap-
sis) 45
alpinum Wood (Nostoc) 181
ambigua (Naeg.) Gom. (Fischerella)
242
ambigua Naeg. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 22
forma fusco-lutea Naeg. 22
ambiguum Gom. (Phormidium) 92,
103
ambiguum Kuetz. (Scytonema) 242
ambiguum Naeg. (Symphyosiphon)
242
americana Davis (Cryptoglena) 297

(Synechococcus)

(Lyng-

amethystea Kolderup - Rosenvinge
(Pleurocapsa) 47, 48

amphibia Ag. (Oscillatoria) 59, 73

Amphithrix Kuetzing 252, 253

amplissimum Setch. (Nostoc) 164, 180

amplum W. and G. S. West (Scytone-
ma) 212, 221

amoena (Kuetz.) Gom. (Oscillatoria)

0, 77

amorpha Berk. (Dasygloea) 154

amorpha (Thwaites) Wolle (Micro-
coleus) 154

Anabaena Bory 161, 185

anguiformis Harv. (Microcoleus) 155

anguina Mont. (Lyngbya) 124

anguina Bory (Oscillatoria) 50, 68

angulosa Rab. (Gloeotrichia) 285

angustissima W. and G. S. West (Os-
cillatoria) 60, 76

animalis Ag. (Oscillatoria) 60, 79

aa a S. and M. (Hormosiphon)
I

antillarum Crouan (Lyngbya) 168

antillarum Crouan (Oscillaria) 64

antillarum Crouan (Symploca) 129

antliaria Juerg. (Oscillaria) 100, 107

Aphanizomenon Morren 161, 1096

Aphanocapsa Naegeli 2, 27

Aphanothece Naegeli 2, 29

aponina Kuetz. (Gomphosphaeria) 38

var. cordiformis Wolle 39

aquatilis Sauv. (Synechocystis) 10

arachnoidea Crouan (Lyngbya) 125

arachnoidea Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 111,
127

arboreus W. and G. S. West (Hapalo-
siphon) 238, 241

arcangelii Born. and Flah. (Scytone-
ma) 211, 213

arcticum Harv. (Nostoc) 171

arenaria ae Rab. (Gloeocapsa)
13, I

arenaria (Berk.) De Toni (Hypheo-
thrix) 139, 143

arenaria Gom. (Schizothrix) 143

arenaria (Kuetz.) Rab. (Lyngbya)
135

argillaceus Wood (Sirosiphon) 245

armorica Thur. (Nodularia) 182, 184

Arthrospira Stizenberger 57, 85

articulata Ag, (Echinella) 286

Asterocytis Gobi 296

Asterothrix Kuetzing 294

atlantica Gom. (Symploca) 128, 129

atra Roth (Rivularia) 283, 289

var. confluens (Kuetz.) -Born. 290

308

atrata (Turp.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
14, 19

Aulosira Kirchner 161, 202

aureum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 165

aureus W. and G. S. West (Hapalo-
siphon) 238

austini Wolle (Inactis) 147, 149

austinii Wood (Nostoc) 163, 175

austinii Wood (Scytonema) 212, 220

austinii Wood (Symphyosiphon) 220

autumnale (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium)
93, 94, 107

azollae Strasb. (Anabaena) 187, 195

azureum Tilden (Scytonema) 212, 216

badium Wolle (Scytonema) 212, 225
battersii Gom. (Plectonema) 206, 211
baueriana (Grun.) Born. and Thur.
(Dichothrix) 274, 275, 276
bauerianum Grun. (Schizosiphon) 276
beccariana (De Not.) Born. and Flah.
(Rivularia) 288
biasolettiana Menegh. (Rivularia) 292
bicolor Crouan (Lyngbya) III, 125
bicolor Wood (Lyngbya) 127
bonnemaisonii Crouan (Oscillatoria)
59, 68
borealis Rab. (Symploca) 129, 132
borealis Richt. (Rivularia) 283, 288
bornetiana Collins (Anabaena) 186,

195
bornetiana Setchell (Rivularia) 283,
292
bornetianum Wolle (Symphyosiphon)
212, 227
boryana Bory (Oscillatoria) 61, 83
bostrychicola Crouan (Lyngbya) 118
botryoides (Kuetz.) Kirchn. (Proto-
coccus)
forma caldarius Tilden 47
Brachytrichia Zanardini 253, 294
brandegei Wolle (Sirosiphon) 244,
251
brandegei Wolle (Scytonema) 224
braunii Born. and Flah. (Calothrix)
255, 269°
braunii Kuetz. (Hapalosiphon) 239
braunii Naeg. (Hapalosiphon) 239
braunii Gom. (Schizothrix) 153
brébissonii Kuetz. (Calothrix) 207
brébissonii Kuetz. (Capsosira) 251
brébissonii Kuetz. (Hapalosiphon)
230
breviarticulata W. and G. S. West
(Calothrix) 255, 267
brevis Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 60, 79
var. neapolitana (Kuetz.) Gom. 80
brunnea Naeg. (Aphanocapsa) 28, 29
bullosa Wolle (Hypheothrix) 139, 141
bullosa Wolle (Leptothrix) 141

Minnesota Algae

byssoidea Hass. (Hassallia) 233
var. cylindrica Tilden 233
byssoidea (Hass.) Kirchn.
thrix) 229, 233
forma cylindrica Tilden 233, 243
forma saxicola Grun. 233
byssoideum Ag. (Scytonema)
var. corticale Mont. 220

(Tolypo-

caeruleo-violacea Crouan (Leibleinia)
119

caeruleo-violacea Crouan (Lyngbya)
III, 127

caeruleum Lyngb. (Nostoc) 163, 177

caespitosa Born. and Flah. (Hyella)
BE, 260,

oueapiioea (Kuetz.) Wolle (Isactis)
269

forma tenuior viridis Rab. 267
caespitosum Kuetz. (Mastigonema)

269
aac aa Tilden (Dichothrix) 274, 275,
2
calcarea Tilden (Gloeocapsa) 13, 17
calcarea Eng. Bot. (Rivularia) 290
calcicola (Ag.) Rab. (Hypheothrix)
96, 138, 139
calcicola Kuetz. (Leptothrix) 139
calcicola Gom. (Schizothrix) 139
caldaria (Tilden) Setchell (Pleurocap-
sa) 8, 47
caldaria Tild. (Spirulina) 86, 89
caldarium Setchell (Scytonema) 211,

215
calida P. Richter (Calothrix) 255, 268
calidarium Wood (Nostoc) 163, 175
calidum Gom. (Phormidium) 93, 105
Calothrix Agardh 17, 252, 254
calotrichoides Gom. (Plectonema) 206,

210
calotrichoides

223
calotrichoides Wood (Scytonema) 222
cantharidosma Mont. (Lyngbya) 134,

Kuetz. (Scytonema)

135
cantharidosmus (Mont.) Gom. (Hy-
drocoleus) 135
capitata W. West Jun. (Oscillatoria)
59, 70, 160
Capsosira Kuetzing 237, 251
carmichaelii Harv. (Sphaerozyga) 192
carneum Ag. (Nostoc) 162, 167
cartilaginea Wood (Rivularia) 284
castagnei (Bréb.) Rab. (Aphanothece)
30, 31
castellii (A. Massalongo) Born. and
Flah. (Calothrix) 255, 271
castellii Mass. (Scytonema) 271
Catagnymene Lemmermann 58, 159
cataractae Naeg. (Schizosiphon) 275
cataractae Wood (Scytonema) 224

Index

catenatum Ralfs (Cylindrospermum)
198, 201
catenula (Kuetz.) Born.
(Anabaena) 186, 191
var, americana Collins 192
centrifuga Bornet (Isactis) 281, 282
cesatiana Rab. (Oncobyrsa) 45
chalybea Mert. (Oscillatoria) 61, 82
var. genuina Collins, Holden and
Setchell 82
chalybea (Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizothrix)
152
Chamaesiphon Braun and Grunow 46,

and Flah.

55
Chamaesiphonaceae 2, 46
chlorina Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 60, 75
Chlorogloea Wille 3, 46
Chondrocystis Lemmermann 2, 24
Chroococcaceae 1, 2
Chroococcus 2, 3, 31
Chroothece Hansgirg 2, 12
chrysochlorum Kuetz. (Scytonema)

217

chthonoplastes (Fl. Dan.), Thur. (Mi-
crocoleus) 155

cincinnata Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 214

cincinnatum Thur. (Scytonema) 214

cinereum Crouan (Scytonema) 216

cinereum Menegh. (Scytonema) 219

circinalis Rab. (Anabaena) 186, 190

cladophorae n. sp. (Lyngbya) 109,
116

Clathrocystis Henfrey 3, 37

coactile Mont. (Scytonema) 211, 213

var. radians Crouan (Scytonema)

213

ccadunata (Sommerfelt) Foslie (Rivu-
laria) 283, 291

Coccogoneae 1

Coelosphaeriopsis Lemmermann 3, 41

Coelosphaerium Naegeli 3, 39

cohaerens (Bréb.) Naeg. (Chroococ-
cus) 4,9

collinum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 169

comatum Wood (Cylindrospermum)
197, 198

comminutum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 165

commune Vaucher (Nostoc) 163, 171

var. flagelliforme (Berk. and Cur-

tis) Born. and Flah. 173
comoides (Harv.) Gom. (Hydroco-
leus) 134
compacta (Ag. ?) Born. and Flah.

(Dichothrix) 274, 277
compacta Crouan (Lyngbya) 121
compacta Collins (Rivularia) 283, 288
concharum Hansg. (Pleurocapsa) 47
conchophilum Humph. (Scytonema)
211, 213 :
conferta Richt. (Aphanothece) 29, 30
conferta Crouan (Calothrix) 217

309

confervicola (Roth) Ag. (Calothrix)
254, 256, 265 :

var. purpurea Born. and Flah. 257

confervoides Reinsch (Anabaena) 187,

195
confervoides C. Ag. (Lyngbya) 110,
119
forma violacea Collins 120
confluens Naeg. (Gloeothece) 25
congesta Crouan (Lyngbya) 120

congestum Rab. (Phormidium) 118,
158

conglomerata Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
14, 18

consociata (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah:
(Calothrix) 254, 257

contarenii (Zanard.) Born. and Flah.
(Calothrix) 254, 259

contarenii Collins (Calothrix) 262

contortum Wille (Trichodesmium)

convolutum Bréb. (Merismopedium)
42, 44 1

corallicola Crouan (Oscillaria) 123

corallinae Gom. (Oscillatoria) 59, 70

coralloides Kuetz. (Sirosiphon) 250

coriacea Kuetz. (Hypheothrix) 139,
142

forma meneghinii Kuetz. 142

coriacea Gom. (Schizothrix) 142

coriacea (Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizothrix)
142

corium (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92,
101

cortex Wolle (Scytonema) 221

forma ravenelii Wolle 221

cortex Wood (Scytonema) 216

cortiana Menegh. (Oscillatoria) 61,
71, 81

sc (Harv.) Grun. (Polythrix)
280

corymbosus Harv. (Microcoleus) 280
crameri Briigg. (Sirosiphon) 247
creginii Wolle (Asterothrix) 295
crepidinum (Rab.) Thur. (Gloeocap-
sa) 14, 20
crepidinum Collins (Pleurocapsa) 47,
49
crispum (Ag.) Born. (Scytonema) 157,
21I, 214, 265
cristatum Bailey (Nostoc) 181
crosbyanum Tilden (Phormidium) 91,
96
cruenta Grun. (Oscillatoria) 60, 80
cruentum (Ag.) Naeg. (Porphyridi-
um) 296
crustacea Thur. (Calothrix) 50, 204,
255, 264
forma prolifera (Flah.) Collins 262
forma simulans Collins 265

310

crustaceum Ag. (Scytonema) 212, 226
var. incrustans (Kuetz.) Born. and

Flah. 226

crustaceus Kuetz.
226

crustiformis
269

cryptarum Farl. (Chroothece ?) 12

Cryptoglena Ehr. 297

Cryptoglenaceae 297

cupressophila Wolle (Anabaena) 184,
187, 195

curtus Setchell (Synechococcus) 11

curvatus Nordst. (Chamaesiphon) 55,

(Symphyosiphon)

Naeg. (Schizosiphon)

56
curviceps Ag. (Oscillatoria) 59, 67
cuspidata W. and G. S. West (Sym-
ploca) 145
cuspidata (Symploca) 203
cuspidatum (W. and G. S. West) De
Toni (Symplocastrum) 144, 145
var. luteo-fusca W. and G. S. West

145
cuticulare (Bréb.) Born. and Flah.
(Nostoc) 161, 164
cyanea Crouan (Lyngbya) 119
cyanescens Crouan (Scytonema) 222
Cyanophyceae 1
cycadearum Reinke (Anabaena) 164
ylindrospermum Kuetz. 161, 197
cystiters (Hass.) Rab. (Gloeothece)
2

Dasygloea Thwaites 58, 154
decorticans A. Br. (Chroococcus) 4, 8
densum (A. Br.) Born. (Scytonema)
212, 227
depressum Wood (Nostoc) 163, 177
Dermocarpa Crouan 46, 52
_ Desmonema Berk. and Thwaites
235
detersa Stiz. (Oscillaria) 98
Dichothrix Zanard. 252, 274
diffusa Farlow (Oscillaria) 61
digueti Gom. (Lyngbya) 109, 115
dillwynii Hass. (Calothrix) 235
Diplocolon Naeg. 206, 236
distincta (Nordst.) Schmidle (Lyng-
bya) 109, 113
distorta (Hofman-Bang) Kuetz. (To-
lypothrix) 229, 231
distorta var. Wood (Tolypothrix) 230
donnellii (Wolle) (Calothrix) 256, 271
donnellii Wolle (Mastigonema) 271
donnellii Wolle (Microcystis) 33, 34
dubia Wartm. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 23
dubia (Naeg.) Gom. (Symploca) 129,

206,

131
dubium Grun. (Coelosphaerium) 39,

40
dubium Wood (Scytonema) 212, 227

Minnesota Algae

duplex Wolle (Spirulina) 87, 90
dura Roth (Rivularia) 283, 291

echinata Eng. Bot. (Rivularia) 284

echinulata (Smith) Born. and Flah.
(Rivularia) 283, 286

elabens (Menegh.) Kuetz. (Microcys-
tis) 33, 35

elabens Kuetz. (Polycystis) 35

elachista W. and G. S. West (Aphano-
capsa) 27, 28

elegans (Chauv.) Zanard. (Goniotri-
chum) 295

elegans A. Br. (Merismopedium) 42,

43
elegans Ag. (Oscillatoria) 96
elegans Kuetz. (Scytonema)
var. antillarum Crouan 213
ellipsosporum (Desm.) Rab.
toc) 162, 168
elongatum Wood (Mastigonema) 256,
271
enteromorphoides
thamnion) 205
Entophysalis Kuetz. 2, 23
epiphytica West and West (Calo-
thrix) 255, 265
erosa Liebm. (Lyngbya) 124
erythraeum Ehr. (Trichodesmium) 84
Eucapsis Clements and Shantz 3, 45

(Nos-

Grun. (Hormo-

farlowii Born. (Hormactis) 294
fasciculata Ag. (Calothrix) 254, 262
forma incrustans Collins 262

fasciculata (Naeg.) Grun. (Inactis)
147

ipericu lee Gom. (Schizothrix)
14

favosum (Bory) Gom. (Phormidium)

147,

93, 104
fenestralis Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 13,

16

ferruginea C. Ag. (Lyngbya) 109, 120,
123

ferruginea G. S. West (Lyngbya) 114

fertile Wood (Mastigonema) 256, 271

fibrosum (Wood) Wolle (Mastigone-
ma) 256, 272

figuratum Ag. (Scytonema) 223

Fischerella (Born. and Flah.) Gom.
237, 242

flaccida Crouan (Leibleinia) 261

flaccida Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 231

flavo-viride (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(Scytonema) 212, 222 ‘

flexuosum Rab. (Cylindrospermum)
193

flexuosus Borzi (Hapalosiphon). 238

flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Bréb. (Anabae-
na) 186, 189

Index | — .

flos-aquae (Linn.) Ralfs (Aphanizo-
menon) 196 es
var. treleasei Born. and Flah. 190
var. circinalis Kirchn. 190
flos-aquae (Wittr.) Kirchn. (Micro-
_ cystis) 33,35
fluitans Her. (Lyngbya) 111, 127
fluitans Cohn (Rivularia) 286
fluviatilis (Rab.) Kirchn.
290
fluviatilis Kuetz. (Zonotrichia) 290
foliaceum Moug. (Nostoc) 163, 171
fontana Huber and Jadin (Hyella)
51, 52 .
fontana Crouan (Lyngbya) 125
forma crassior Crouan 126
fontinalis (Ag.) Born. (Hapalosi-
phon) 238, 239
var. tenuissimus (Grun.) Collins
and Setchell) 240
formosa Bory (Oscillatoria) 60, 80
foveolarum (Mont.) Gom. (Phormid-
ium) QI, 94 :
fragile (Menegh.) Gom.. (Phormid-
ium) 91, 93
fragile (Kuetz.) De Toni (Symplo-
castrum) 144 a
fragilis (Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizothrix)
144
friesiana Kuetz. (Symploca) 146
friesii Gom. (Schizothrix) 146
friesii (Ag.) Kirchn. (Symplocastrum)
144, 146
froelichii Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 65
fucicola Saunders (Dermocarpa) 52,

(Isactis)

5

fuigiesty (Kuetz.) Born. and = Flah.
(Dichothrix) 274, 279

fuliginosa Hauck (Pleurocapsa) 47, 48

fuliginosum Tilden (Scytonema) 212,
225

fulva Harv. (Lyngbya) 120

fusca (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (Calo-
thrix) 255, 265

fusca Crouan (Lyngbya) 125

fusca Wolle (Mastigonema) 266

fuscescens Kuetz. (Hapalosiphon)
239
fuscescens (Kuetz.) Rab. (Symploca)
129, 131
fusco-lutea (Naeg.) Kuetz. (Gloeocap-
" sa) 14, 19

fusco-lutea Naeg. (Gloeothece) 25, 27

fusco-rubra Crouan (Oscillatoria)
13 ts

fusco-violacea Crouan (Calothrix)
254, 258 -

gelatinosa Wood (Anabaena) 187, 196
gelatinosa Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14,
18

311

ree a Schousb. (Nostoc) 162,

I

geminata Menegh. (Oscillatoria) 59,

_ 74 75 :

gigantea Wood (Anabaena) 190

gigas W. and G. S. West (Gloeocap-
sa) 14

glacialis
235

glauca Wolle (Anacystis) 35

Glaucocystis Itzig. 296

glaucum (Ehr.) Naeg. (Merismope-
dium) 42, 43

var. fontinale Hansg. 44

Gloeocapsa Kuetz. 2, 13

gloeophila (Kuetz.) Rab. (Hypheo-
thrix) 139, 140

Gloeothece Naeg. 2, 25

glomeratum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 163, 177

glutinosa A. Br. (Oscillaria) 136

glutinosus (Ag.) Gom. (Hydrocoleus)
134, 136

golenkinianum Gom.
206, 210

eomgeane Setch. (Arthrospira) 85,

, 20
Dickie (Tolypothrix) 229,

(Plectonema)

Gomphosphaeria Kuetz. 3, 38

Goniotrichum Kuetz. 205

gracile Kuetz. (Scytonema) 224, 232

gracilis Rab. (Calothrix) 269

gracilis (Menegh.) Rab. (Lyngbya)
89, 110, 117

gracilis Hass. (Microcoleus) 155

gracillima Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 76

granosa (Berk.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
13, 15

granosa Rab. (Gloeothece) 15

granulosa Kuetz. (Entophysalis) 24

graveolens Crouan (Lyngbya) 132

ereuiel Sse) Rab. (Aphanocapsa)
27, 2

grisea Thur. (Microchaete) 203, 204

guaddluperists Crouan (Hydrococcus)
181 _

gundeas Crouan (Oncobyrsa)
181
guadelupensis Crouan (Tolypothrix)

213 ‘
guttula Wood (Sirosiphon) 249 |
guyanense (Mont.) Born. and Flah.

(Scytonema) 212, 220
gypsophila Kuetz. (Calothrix) 278
gypsophila (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.

(Dichothrix) 274, 277, 278, 280

haematites (DC.) Ag. (Rivularia) 283,

290
haematites Rab. (Zonotrichia) 290
Haliarachne,Lemm, 58, 160
hallensis (Jancz.) Born. and Flah.

(Anabaena) 186, 188

312

halophila Lemm. (Coelosphaeriopsis)

41
halos Wood (Mastigonema) 256, 272
Hapalosiphon Naeg. 236, 237
harveyana (Thwaites) Thur. (Nodu-
laria) 99, 182, 184
hawaiensis Lemm. (Schizothrix) 150
hawaiensis (Lemm.) De Toni (Inac-
tis) 147, 150
nAmanenal Tilden (Nodularia)
184
hederulae Menegh. (Nostoc) 164
helveticus Naeg. (Chroococcus) 4, 8
hemisphaerica (L.) Aresch. (Rivula-
ria) 289
heppii Naeg. (Diplocolon) 236
heppii (Naeg.) Wolle (Scytonema) 236
herbacea Kuetz. (Hypheothrix) 139,
140
herbacea Kuetz. (Leptothrix) 141
heterotrichus Kuetz. (Hydrocoleus)
134, 138
hindsii Mont. (Trichodesmium) 84
hinnulea Wolle (Beggiatoa) 140
hinnulea (Wolle) De Toni (Hypheo-
thrix ?) 138, 140
hinnulea (Wolle) Tilden (Lyngbya)

182,

140
hirtulus Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon) 228
hirtulum (Kuetz.) Rab. (Scytonema)
212, 228
hofmanni Ag. (Scytonema) 212, 216
forma brunnea Wolle 217
var. calcicolum (Hansg.) 217
var. symplocoides (Reinsch) Born.
and Flah. 217
bopnan Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon)
21 ;
holdenii Tilden (Hydrocoleus) 134, 137
holdenii De Toni (Lyngbya) 109, 115
homoeotrichus Kuetz. (Hydrocoleus)
134, 137
Hormogoneae 1,56
hormoides (Kuetz.) Bornet and Flah.
(Stigonema) 244
var. rhizodes (Kuetz.) Hansg. 245
var. tenue West and West 245
Hormothamnion Grun. 161, 204
hosfordii Wolle (Calothrix) 278
hosfordii (Wolle) Born. (Dichothrix)
274, 278
hospita Thur. (Rivularia) 287
humifusum Carm. (Nostoc) 162, 170
humphreyi Collins (Goniotrichum) 205
hyalina Harv. (Lyngbya) 111, 128
hyalina Kuetz. (Schizothrix) 150, 151
hyalinus (Kuetz.) Kirchn. (Micro-
coleus) 128, 151
hydnoides Kuetz. (Symploca) 129
var. fasciculata (Kuetz.) Gom. 130
var, genuina Gom. 130 |

Minnesota Algae

Hydrocoleus Kuetz. 57, 134

hydrurimorpha Crouan (Oscillaria)
129

Hyella Bornet and Flahault 46, 51

Hypheothrix Kuetzing 57, 138

ichthyoblabe Kuetz. (Microcystis) 33,

34

icthyoblabe Kuetz. (Polycystis) 34

psig a Wood (Scytonema) 212,
22

imperator Wood (Oscillaria) 62

Inactis Kuetzing 57, 146

inaequalis (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(Anabaena) 186, I9I

incrustans Grun. (Chamaesiphon) 55

a a Kuetz. (Symphyosiphon)
22

incrustata Wood (Gloeotrichia) 285

incrustata (Wood) De Toni (Rivula-
ria) 283, 285

incrustatum (Naeg.) Gom. (Phormid-
ium) 92, 99

var. cataractarum (Naeg.) Gom. 100

incurvus Allm. (Trichormus) 189

indica Crouan (Calothrix) 220

informe. Kuetz. (Stigonema) 244, 249

interrupta Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 121

interruptum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 92,
102

intertextum (Kuetz.) Rab. (Scytone-
ma) 212, 219

intracellularis J. Schm. (Richelia) 201

intricatum Menegh. (Nostoc) 166

intricatus West and West (Hapalo-
siphon) 238, 241

inundata Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 100

inundatum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 92,
100

Isactis Thuret 253, 281

itzigsohnii Born. (Gloeocapsa) 22

janthina (Mont.) Born. and Flah.
(Amphithrix) 253
var. torulosa (Grun.) Born. and
Flah. 253
janthina Naeg. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 22
javanicum (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(Scytonema) 212, 218
var. hawaiiense Lemm. 218
peones) (Kuetz.) Stiz. (Arthrospira)
5
jenneri Kuetz. (Spirulina) 85
joannianum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 106
juliana (Menegh.) Born. and Flah-
(Calothrix) 254, 256
julianum Rab. (Phormidium) 114
julianum Menegh. (Scytonema) 216
eo Farl. (Scytonema) 212,
22 ,

Index

kerneri Hansg. (Xenococcus) 49, 50
kKuetzingianum Naeg. (Coelospnaeri-
um) 39, 40 |
kuetzingii schmidle (Lynbya)
var. distincta (Nordst.) Lemm. 113
kuntzei P. Richter (Calothrix) 255,
208

lacucola Wolle (Calothrix) 256, 272
lacustris (A. Kr.) De oni (1nactis)
147, 148
var, caespitosa Gom. 148
lacustris (xab.) Farlow (Microcole-
us) 157
lacustris A. Br. (Schizothrix) 148
lacustris Kab. (Sirosiphon) 250
laetevirens Crouan (Oscillatoria) 60,
7
laete-viridis Gom. (Symploca) 129,
130
lagerheimii (M6b.) Gom. (Lyngbya)
108, I11 nd
laminosum (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidi-
um) 92, 96, 98
forma weedii ‘Tilden 97
laminosus (Kuetz.) Hansg. (Hapalo-
siphon) 238, 240, 241 ;
lanata (Desv.) Wartm. (Tolypothrix)
229, 230
var. hawaiensis Nordst. 231
lardacea (Cesati) Hansg. (Hypheo-
thrix) 142 : .
lardacea (Ces.) Gom. (Schizothrix)
139, 142
latilimba Crouan (Lyngbya) 135
laxa (Rab.) A. Br. (Anabaena) 186,
192 see
laysanense Lemm. (Phormidium) 93,
104
laysanensis Lemm. (Xenococcus) 49
leibleiniae (Reinsch) Bornet (Dermo-
carpa)
var. pelagica Wille 52, 55
lenticularis Lemm. (Haliarachne) 160
leprieurii Kuetz. (Scytonema) 220
leptotrichia Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 76
licheniforme (Bory) Kuetz. (Cylin-
drospermum) 198, 200
lignicola Wood (Sirosiphon) 248
limbata Thur. (Tolypothrix) 229, 234
limneticus Lemm. (Chroococcus) 4,

10

limnicola Wolle (Cylindrospermum)
199

limosa Ag. (Oscillatoria) 58, 64, 65,

72
var, badia Tilden 66
var. chalybea Crouan 69
linckia (Roth) Born. (Nestoc) 162,
166 ;
linearis Naeg. (Gloeothece) 25
littoralis Crouan (Leibleinia) 119

313

littoralis Carm. (Oscillatoria) 121
lobatus Wood (Nostochopsis) 251
longissima Crouan (Mastichothrix)

2
lucifuga Bréb. (Symploca) 146
lunata W. and G. S. West (Gloe-
othece) 25, 26
luridum (Kuetz.) Gom. (Phormid-
jum) 91, 95
lutea (Ag.) Gom. (Lyngbya) 53, I09,
114
luteo-fusca Ag. (Lyngbya) 118, 119
luteo-fusca Crouan (Lyngbya) 123
Lyngbya C. Ag. 50, 57, 108, 215
lyngbyei Kuetz. (Chthonoblastus) 156
lynbyaceum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 132
lyngbyaceus Kuetz. (Hydrocoleus)
134, 135
var. a Gom. 136
var, 8 rupestre Kuetz. 136

macrococcus (Kuetz.) Rab. (Chroo-
coccus) 3, 5

macrospermum Kuetz. (Cylindrosper-
mum) 198

miacrosporum Menegh. (Nostoc) 163,

175
magma (Bréb.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
14, 21
var. itzigsohnii (Born.) Hansg. 21
magna Wolle (Gloeothece) 25, 27
magnoliae Farlow (Entophysalis) 24
mainensis F. L. Harv. (Nodularia)
182, 185
major Tilden (Hapalosiphon) 238, 240
major Menegh. (Lyngbya) 110, 126
major Vauch. (Oscillatoria) 50, 67
major Kuetz. (Spirulina) 86, 87, 97
majus Kuetz. (Cylindrospermuin)
197, 199
majus Hold. (Hydrocoleus) 137
majuscula (Dillw.) Harvey (Lyng-
bya) II0, 123
mamillosum (Lyngbye) Ag. (Stigo-
nema) 244, 250
margaritifera Kuetz.
59, 69 s
marginata Menegh. (Anacystis) 34
marginata (Menegh.) Kuetz. (Micro.
cystis) 6, 33, 34
marginata Naeg. (Microcystis) 34
martensiana Menegh. (Lyngbya) 110,
124
var, calcarea Tilden 125, 276
var. distincta Nordst. 113
Mastigocoleus Lagerh. 236, 237
mellea Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 13
mellea Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 18
membranacea (Rab.) Born. (Gloeo-
thece) 25, 26 :
membranacea (Kuetz.) Thur. (Lyng-
bya) 105

(Oscillatoria)

314

membraninus (Menegh.) ‘Naeg.
(Chroococcus) 4, I0

mendotae Trelease (Anabaena) 190

meneghiniana Kirchn. (Calothrix)
277

meneghiniana (Kuetz.) De Toni

(Dichothrix) 274, 277

meneghiniana (Kuetz.) Gom. (Lyng-
bya) IIo, 117

meneghiniana Zan. (Spirulina) 86, 87

meneghinianus Kuetz. (Schizosiphon)
277

Merismopedium Meyen. 3, 41

mexicana (Gom.) De Toni (Inactis)
147, 150

mexicana (Kuetz.) Rab. (Rivularia)
284, 293

mexicana Gom. (Schizothrix) 150

Microchaete Thuret 161, 202

microcoJeiformis Crouan (Sphaerozy-
ga) 205

Microcoleus Desmaziéres 58, 154

Microcystis Kuetz. 3, 3

microscopica Naeg.
29, 31

microscopica Dickie (Rivularia)’ 284,
293

aia ad Carm (Nostoc) 163,
17

microspora (Menegh.) Rob. (Aphano-
thece) 30, 31

millei Born. (Scytonema) 212, 220

miniata Hauck (Oscillatoria) 59, 68

minnesotensis Tilden (Oscillatoria)

_ 59, 75
minor (Kuetz.) Naeg.
cus) 4, 9
forma minima W. and G. S. West 9
minutissimum Collins (Cylindrosper-
mum) 197, 200
minutula Kuetz. (Limnactis) 288
minutula (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(Rivularia) 283, 2
minutula Rab. (Zonotrichia) 284, 289
minutula Wood (Zonotrichia) 293
minutum Wood (Cylindrospermum)
197, 199
minutum Desm. (Nostoc) 163, 174

3 .
(Aphanothece)

(Chroococ-

minutum (Ag.) Hass. (Stigonema)
244, 248
var, saxicola (Naeg.) Born. and
Flah. 248
minutus — Naeg. (Chroococ-
cus) 4,

mirabile Thar. (Plectonema) 207
mirabile (Dillw.) Born. (Scytonema)
212, 222
var, leprieurii (Mont.) Born. and
Flah. 224
mirabile Wolle (Scytonema) 221
mirabilis Ag. (Calothrix) 207
mollis Wood (Dasyactis) 291

Minnesota Algae

mollis Wood (Zonotrichia) 284, 293
monococca (Kuetz.) Hansg. (Chroo-
thece) 12
var. mellea (Kuetz.) Hansg. 13
montana Tilden (Dichothrix) 274, 275
montana Kuetz. (Gloecapsa) 13, 16
var. caldarii Sur. 16
montana Harv. (Sorospora) 21
mucicola Lemm. (Lyngbya) 108, r11
mucosa Crouan. (Lyngbya) 135
muelleri Naeg. (Schizothrix) 152
multicoloratus Wood (Chroococcus)

4 7

muralis Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19

muralis Kuetz. (Symploca) 129, 131

muscicola Kuetz. (Cylindrospermum)
197, 200

muscicola Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 230
muscorum Ag. (Nostoc) 162, 169
muscorum (Ag.) Gom. (Symploca)
129, 132
var. rivularis (Wolle) Tilden 133
myochroum (Dillw.) Ag. (Scytonema)
212, 224
Myxophyceae 1

naeégelii Wartm. (Aphanothece) 30,
32

naegelii Kuetz. (Scytonema) 232

naegelii (Kuetz.) Wood (Scytonema)
207

nana Tild. (Lyngbya) 109, 112

natans Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 72

natans (Hedw.) Welw. (Rivularia)

. 283, 285

natans Bréb. (Scytonema) 207

maveanum Grun. (Phormidium) 92,
102

neglecta Wood (Oscillatoria) 64

neglectus Wood (Sirosiphon) 247

nemalionis Crouan (Lyngbya) 261

nigra Vauch. (Oscillatoria) 59, 70

nigrescens Harv. (Lyngbya) 119, 136

nigro-viridis Thw. (Oscillatoria) 59,

nitida Ag. (Rivularia) 283, 287
nitida ? (Rivularia) 294

Nodularia Mertens 161, 182
nordstedtii Gom. (Spirulina) 86, 88
Nostoc Vaucher 7, I11, 160, 161, 210,

235

Nostocaceae 56, 160

pices aa Itzig. (Glaucocystis)
2

Nostochopsis Wood 237, 251

nostocorum Born. (Plectonema) 206,
209

notarisii Kuetz. (Porphyrosiphon) 269

notarisii (Menegh.) Kuetz. (Porphy-
rosiphon) 133

Index

novum Wood (Merismopedium) 42,

43.
numidica Gom. (Oscillatoria) 61, 81

obscura Dickie (Hypheothrix) 104
obscura Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 121
obscura Wolle (Lyngbya) 121
ebscurus Dickie (Schizosiphon) 256,

_ 273 .
occidentale Setch. (Scytonema) 211,

214

ee i Lyngb. (Scytonema) 212,
21

ocellatum (Dillw.) Thur. (Stigonema)
244, 246

ecellatus Kuetz. (Sirosiphon) 247

ochracea (Kuetz.) Thur. (Lyngbya)
109, 113

okeni Ag. (Oscillatoria) 61, 81

oligothrix Crouan (Microcoleus) 155

Glivacea (Hooker) Born. and Flah.
(Dichothrix) 274, 276

olivacea (Reinsch) nob. (Dermocar-

_ pa) 52, 55
olivaceum Rab. (Phormidium) 120
olivaceus Reinsch (Sphaenosiphon)

55
Oncobyrsa Ag. 3, 45
ornata Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 59, 67
orsiniana Thur. (Calothrix) 275
orsiniana (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(Dichothrix) 274, 275
orsinianum Kuetz. (Mastigonema) 275
oscillarioides Bory (Anabaena) 186,

193
var. elongata (Kuetz.) Born. and
Flah. 194
. var, stenospora Born. and Flah. 194
Oscillatoria Vaucher 57, 58, 90
Oscillatoriaceae 56, 57

packardii (Farlow) nob. (Microcys-
tis) 33, 36

packardii Farlow (Polycystis) 36

pallida (Kuetz.) Rab. (Aphanothece)

30, 31
pallida Kuetz. (Hypheothrix) 139, 144
pallida (Naeg.) Wolle (Lyngbya) 144
pallida (Farlow) Lemm. (Microcys-

tis) 34, 36
pallida pues) Farlow (Polycys-

tis) 3
pallidus Naeg. (Chroococcus) 4, 9
paludosa Wolle (Nodularia) 182, 183
paludosum Kuetz. (Nostoc) 161, 165
paludosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (Microco-

leus) 158 ; .
panniforme (Ag.) Kirchn. (Stigone-

ma) 244, 245 eee
papyraceum (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidi-

um) 92, IOI

315

papyrina Kirchn. (Lyngbya.) 102

paradoxa (Wolle) De Toni (Rivula-
ria) 283, 289

paradoxa Wolle (Zonotrichia) 289

paradoxum Kuetz. (Mastigonema)
256, 273

parasitica (Chauvin) Thur. (Calo-
thrix) 254, 260
parasiticum Wolle (Mastigonema)

267
parcezonata Wood (Zonotrichia) 290
parietina (Naeg.) Thur. (Calothrix)
255, 269, 280
parietinum Crouan (Scytonema) 219
pee eee Kuetz. (Nostoc) 164,
181
parvula Rab. (Gloiotrichia) 285
pelagica Lemm. (Catagnymene) 159
var. major Wille 159
pellucidulus Wood (Sirosiphon) 247
ponte Zanard. (Dichothrix) 275,
280

penicillata Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 109,
115

penicillata (Ag.) Thur. (Tolypothrix)
229, 232

percursa Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 61, 83

perelegans Lemm. (Lyngbya) 108,
III

persicinum (Reinke) Gom. (Phormi-
dium) 91, 94

phormidioides Bulnh. (Hydrocoleus)

137
Phormidium Kuetzing. 57, 91
phormidium Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 132
phormidium Rab. (Lyngbya)
var. rivularis Wolle 133
pilosa Harv. (Calothrix) 255, 263
pilosus Crouan (Schizosiphon) 264
piscinale Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 166
piscinalis (Briigg.) De Toni (Micro-
cystis) 34, 36
piscinalis (Briigg.) (Polycystis) 36
pisum Thur. (Gloeotrichia) 284
pisum (Ag.) Thur. (Gloeotrichia)
284, 286
pisum Ag. (Rivularia) 283, 284, 286
plana (Harv.) Thur. (Isactis) 281
var. fissurata Born. and Flah. 282
plana Rab. (Mastigonema) 281
Plectonema Thuret 206, 267
Pleurocapsa Thuret 46, 47
plicata Carm. (Rivularia) 287
pluviale Crouan (Sirosiphon) 246

polydermatica Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
13, 15

polymorphum Naeg. (Scytonema)
212, 228

polyotis (Ag.) Born. and Flah. (Riv-
ularia) 283, 286

polysperma Rab. (Sphaerozyga) 187,
192

316

polyspermum (Kuetz.) Wood (Do-
lichospermum) 192
Polythrix Zanardini 252, 280
Porphyridium Naegeli 296
Porphyrosiphon Kuetzing 57, 133
prasina A. Br. (Aphanothece) 30, 32
prasina (Reinsch) Born. and Thuret
(Dermocarpa) 52
princeps Vauch. (Oscillatoria) 58, 62,
72
forma purpurea Collins 63
proboscidea Gom. (Oscillatoria) 58,

64
prolifera Flah. (Calothrix) 254, 262
prolifica (Grev.) Gom. (Oscillatoria)

5 , I

pelea (Linn.) Ag. (Nostoc) 163,
17

pulchra Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 231

pulverea (Wood) De Toni (Microcys-
tis) 33, 35

pulvereus (Wood) Wolle (Anacystis)

3
pulvereus Wood (Pleurococcus) 35
pulvinata (Mert.) Ag. (Calothrix)
254, 260
pulvinata Kuetz. (Inactis) 146, 147
pulvinata Gom. (Schizothrix) 147
pulvinatum Nordst. (Scytonema) 221
pulvinatus Wolle (Microcoleus) 158
pulvinatus Bréb. (Sirosiphon) 245, 249
forma alpinus (Kuetz.) Wolle 246
punctata Naeg. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 17
punctatum Wood (Nostoc) 163, 171
punctiforme (Kuetz.) Har. (Nostoc)
161, 164
purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (Phor-
midium) 91, 95
purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (Phor-
midium) 139
purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (Schizo-
thrix) 152
var. cruenta (Lesp.) Gom. 152
purpureus Snow (Chroococcus) 4, 10
pusilla Harv. (Lyngbya) 111, 128
putealis Mont. (Lyngbya) 110, 125
var. minor Crouan 125

quaternata (Bréb.) Kuetz. (Gloeo-
capsa) 13, 17, 210

quoyi (Ag.) Born. and Flah. (Bra-
chytrichia) 294

quoyi (Ag.) Born. (Hormactis) 294

racemosus Wolle (Synechococcus)

II
radians Thur. (Rivularia) 288
var. minutula Kirchn. 288 ,
radiosa (Kuetz.) Kirchn. (Calcthrix)

235

ralfsiana (Harv.) Kuetz: (Gloeocap-
sa) 15, 22

ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi (Asterocy-
tis) 296

Minnesota Algae

ramosum (Thwaites) Hauck (Gonio-
trichum) 296
ravenelii Wolle (Hydrocoleus)
138
ravenelii Wood (Scytonema) 220
ravenelii Wolle (Tolypothrix) 229,'
234
refractus Wood (Chroococcus) 4, 8
retzii Ag. (Lyngbya) 102
retzii (Ag.) Gom. (Phormidium) 92,
102
forma fasciculatum Gom. 103.
forma rupestris (Kuetz.) Gom. 103
rhizosoleniae Lemm. (Calothrix) 256,

273
Richelia Johs. Schm. 161, 201
richteriana Hansg. (Chroothece) 12
rigidissima Crouan (Leibleinia) 123
rivulare Kuetz. (Nostoc) 166
rivulare Kuetz. (Nostoc) 162, 167
rivulare Borzi (Scytonema) 211, 213
Rivularia (Roth) Agardh. 253, 283
Rivulariaceae 57, 252
rivulariarum Gom. 108,
III
rivularis (Carm.) Rab. (Aphanocap-
sa) 27, 28
rivularis (Kuetz.) Menegh. (Oncobyr-

IT 34;

(Lyngbya)

sa) 45
robusta Clark (Clathrocystis) 37, 38
robusta Setchell and Gardner (Micro-

chaete) 202, 203
rosea ~Reinsch) Batters (Dermocar-

pa ?) 52, 53
rosea (Snow) Lemm. (Gomphosphae-

tia) 38, 39
roseolum (Richter) Gom. (Plectone-

ma) 206, 210
rubra Crouan (Lyngbya) 111, 128
rubra Gom. (Schizothrix) 145
rubrapunctus Wolle (Chroococcus) 4,

5
mabe vielaesa Crouan (Lyngbya) 111,

12

forma crassior Crouan 119
rubrum Tild. (Phormidium) 91, 95
rubrum Mont. (Scytonema) 212, 228
rubrum (Menegh.) De Toni (Symplo-

castrum) 144, 145
rufescens (Bréb.) Naeg. (Chroococ-

cus) 248
rufescens Crouan (Lyngbya) 119, 125
rupestre Kuetz. (Nostoc) 176
rupestre Borzi (Sacconema) 281
rupestris Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19
rupestris (Lyngbye) Born. (Gloeo-

thece) 25, 26

Mee tepidariorum (A. Br.) Hansg.

2
rupestris Wolle (Tolypothrix) 220,

234
rupicola Collins (Dichothrix) 274, 279
rupicola Tilden (Schizothrix) 153

Index

Ssaccata (Wolle) Born.
(Wollea) 181

saccata Wolle (Sphaerozyga) 182

Sacconema Borzi 252, 281

Salinarum Collins (QOscillatoria) 60,

and Flah.

77
sancta Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 58, 64
var. aequinoctialis Gom. 65
var. caldariorum (Hauck) Lag. 65

sil ae Nordst. (Lophopodium)
2
sandvicensis (Nordst.) Schmidle

(Calothrix) 255, 266
sanguinea (Ag.) Kuetz. (Gloeocapsa)
15, 23
sargassi Crouan (Mastichonema) 279
saxicola Naeg. (Aphanothece) 29, 30
saxicola Naeg. (Sirosiphon) 249
schauinslandii Lemm. (Aulosira) 202

schauinslandii Lemm. (Chondrocys-
tis) 24

schizodermaticus West (Chroococ-
cus) 4, 6

Schizophyceae 1

Schizothrix Kuetzing 58, 150

schousboei (Dermocarpa) 50

schousboei Thur. (Xenococcus) 49,
50

schowiana Crouan (Leibleinia) 123

schowiana Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 118

scopulorum (Weber and Mohr) Ag.
(Calothrix) 254, 258, 280

scutata cladophorae Tilden (Pring-
sheimia) 46

Scytonema Agardh 206, 211

Scytonemaceae 56, 205

scytonematoides Wood (Sirosiphon)
233

si a aoa n. sp. (Calothrix) 255,
205

sejunctum Wood (Mastigonema) 256,

273
semiplena (C. Ag.) J. Ag. (Lyngbya)
110, 118 .
setchellianum Gom. (Phormidium) 93,

I

setchellii Collins (Tolypothrix) 229,
2

atamoneiae (Collins) De Toni (Inac-
tis) 147, 149

simmonsiae Collins (Schizothrix) 149

simplex Wood (Scytonema) 212, 229

simplice Wood (Scytonema) 229

smaragdina (Reinsch) nob, (Dermo-

carpa) 52, 54 \
smaragdinum Crouan (Phormidium)
132
smaragdinus Reinsch (Sphaenosi-
phon) 54

smithii (Thw.) Wolle (Sphaerozyga)
191

317

solutum Born. and Grun. (Hormo-
thamnion) 205
sordida Crouan (Lyngbya) 110, 118
pate (Zanard.) Gom. (Lyngbya$
. Ir
forma bostrychicola (Crouan) Gom.
118
spadiceum Crouan (Phormidium) 132
sparsa Wood (Gloeocapsa) 14, 19
sphaerica Born. and Flah. (Anabae-
na) 186, 188
var. macrosperma Born. and Flah.

I

sphaericum Vauch. (Nostoc) 163, 173

sphaerocarpa Born. and Flah. (Nodu-
laria) 182, 183

sphaeroides Kuetz. (Nostoc) 163, 176

Sphaerozyga Agardh 183

spiralis Lemm. (Catagnymene) 70,

159
ae capitata (W. West Jun.) Wille
160
Spirulina Turpin 57, 86
spirulinoides Gom. (Lyngbya)

12
splendida Grev. (Oscillatoria) 60, 76
var. uncinata Setch. and Gard. 76
spongiaeforme Ag. (Nostoc) 162, 168
spumigena Mert. (Nodularia) 182,

184
var, genuina Born. and Flah. 185
var, litorea (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
185
var. major (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
185
stagnale (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(Cylindrospermum) 197, 198
stagnalis Kuetz. (Anabaena) 198
stagnalis Gom. (Calothrix) 255, 265
stagnina (Spreng.) A. Br. (Aphano-
thece) 30, 32
Stigonema Agardh 237, 244
Stigonemaceae 56, 236
stragulum Crouan (Phormidium) 114
stuposum (Kuetz.) Born. (Scytone-
ma) 212, 221
subbrevis Schmidle (Oscillatoria) 79
subfuscum Kuetz. (Phormidium) 93,
105
var, joannianum (Kuetz.) Gom. 106
submarina Crouan (Calothrix) 276
submarinum Crouan (Scytonema) 263
submembranaceum (Ard. and Straff.)
Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 104
subrigida (Wood) De Toni (Anabae-
na) 187, 196
subrigidum Wood (Dolichospermum)
I

110,

subsalsa Ag. (Oscillatoria) 61, 82
var. dulcis Crouan 67

subsalsa Oerst. (Spirulina) 87

318

subsalsa Oerst. (Spirulina) 87, 89, 90
forma oceanica (Crouan) Gom. 90
subtilis Holden (Lyngbya) 109, 115
subtilis W. West (Lyngbya) 112
subtilissima Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 59,

74 ;

subtilissima Kuetz. (Spirulina) 86, 88

subtorulosa (Bréb.) Farlow (Oscilla-
toria) 61, 83

sist ne Bréb. (Phormidium)
15

subtorulosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (Micro-
coleus) 95, 158

subuliforme Gom. (Phormidium) 92,

99
subuliformis Kuetz. (Oscillatoria) 60,

77
sutherlandi Dickie (Nostoc) 181
Symploca Kuetzing 57, 128
symplocarioides Crouan (Oscillaria)
129
Symplocastrum Gomont 57
Synechococcus Naegeli 2, 11
Synechocystis Sauvageau 2, 10

tenax Wolle (Hypheothrix) 139, 141
tenax Wolle (Leptothrix) 141

tenera Thur. (Microchaete) 202,
tenerrima Thur. (Lyngbya) 114
tenerrima Kuetz. (Oscillaria) 73
tenerrima Kuetz. (Spirulina) 86, 88

tenerrimus Gom. (Microcoleus) 155
tenue (Menegh.) Gom. (Phormidium)

203

92, 9
tenue Thur. (Plectonema) 206, 207
tenuis Kuetz. (Oscillaria)
var. sordida Kuetz. 106
tenuis Ag. (Oscillatoria) 59, 71, 72
var. natans (Kuetz.) Rab. 73
var. tergestina (Kuetz.) Rab. 73
tenuis Kuetz. (Tolypothrix) 229
forma bryophila Rab. 230
tenuissima W. and G. S. West (Mi-
crochaete) 202, 203
tenuissima Kuetz. (Spirulina) 89

tenuissimum Lemm. (Merismopedi-
um) 42, 45 eds

tenuissimus Grun. (Hapalosiphon)
240

terebrans Born. and Flah. (Plectone-
ma) 52, 206, 209

terebriformis Ag. (Oscillatoria) 61, 83

terrestris Desmaz. (Microcoleus) 157

testarum Lagerh. (Mastigocoleus)
213, 237

Tetrapedium Reinsch 3, 41

thelephoroides (Mont.) Gom. (Schi-
zothrix) I51-

thermale Schwabe
268, 278

thermale Borzi (Scytonema) 243

thermale Kuetz. (Scytonema) 223

(Mastigonema)

Minnesota Algae

thermale (Schabe) Borzi (Stigonema)

243
thermalis (Schwabe) Hansg. (Calo-
thrix) 255, 268, 270, 275
thermalis Schwabe ae rag
var. - Americana Farl. 24
thermalis (Schabe) Gane “ce reaiibdh
la) 242, 243
var. mucosa Lemm. 243
thermalis Lemm. (Gloeocapsa) 15, 22
thermalis Crouan (Lyngbya) 125
thermalis Crouan (Oscillaria) 79
thermalis (Kuetz.) Gom. (Symploca)
129, 130
thermophilus Wood (Chroococcus)
4,7
thiebautii Gom. (Trichodesmium) 84
tinctoria Rab. (Hypheothrix) 149
tinctoria (Ag.) Thur. (Inactis)
149
tinctoria Kuetz. (Leptothrix) 149
tinctoria Kuetz. (Lyngbya) 94
tinctoria Gom. (Schizothrix) 149
tinctorium A. Br. (Hydrocoleum) 149
tinctorium Kuetz. (Phormidium) 91,

147

94

Tel pn Kuetzing 206, 215, 229,
205

tolypotrichoides Kuetz.
212, 222

tomasinianum eae Born.
tonema) 206, 2

tomentosum (eae) Hier. (Stigone-
ma) 244, 246

torridum Ag. (Scytonema) 219

torta Crouan (Leibleinia) 125

torta Crouan (Lyngbya) 125

torulosa (Carm.) Lagerh. (Anabaena)
186, 192

trapezoidea Tilden (Oscillatoria) 82

treleasei Gom. (Phormidium) 92, 96

Trichodesmium Ehrenberg 57, 84

trigonum W. and G. S. West (Tetra-
pedium) 41

(Scytonema)
(Plec-

truncicola (Rab.) Wolle (Tolypo-
thrix) 233

tuberculosa (Hansg.) Wille (Chloro-
gloea) 46

turfaceum (Berk.) Cooke (Stigone-
ma) 244, 249

var, parvum Wood 249
turfosum Kuetz. (Scytonema) 224
turgida Wolle (Mastigothrix) 256, 273
turgidus (Kuetz.) Naeg. (Chroococ-

cus) 4, 5, 32
var. fuscescens (Kuetz.) De Toni
6

turicensis (Naeg.) Hansg. (Chroococ-
cus) 3, 5

turicensis Naeg. (Hypheothrix)
141

139,

CaN aN BONA

| LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

‘(Magnification: 500-700 diameters)
PLATE I.

Chroococcus macrococcus ey Rab. (After Hassall)

Chroococcus turicensis (Naeg.) Hahsg. (After Hansgirg)

Chroococcus turgidus (Ktietz.) Naeg. (After West)

ce schizodermaticus West. (After W. and G. S.
est)

Chroococcus multicoloratus Wood. (After, Wood)

Chroococcus refractus “Wood. (After ‘Wodd)

Chroococcus minor (Kuetz.) Naeg. (After W, and G. S. West)

Chroococcus limneticus Lemm. (After Lenimermann)

Chrooéoccus purpureus Snow. (After Snow)

Synechocystis aquatilis Sauv. (After Engler and Prantl)

Synechococcus aertiginosus Naeg. (After Engler and Prantl)

Chroothece richteriana Hansg. (After Engler and Prantl)

Gloeocapsa granosa (Berkeley) Kuetz. (After Hassall)

Gloeocapsa polydermatica Kuetz. (After. West)

Gloeocapsa fenestralis Kuetz.. (After Kuetzing) .

Gloeocapsa arenaria (Hass.) Rab. (After Saunders)

Gloeocapsa montana Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

Gloeocapsa, quaternata (Bréb.) Kuetz. (Original)

Gloeocapsa aeruginosa (Carm.) Kuetz. (After Cooke)

Gloeocapsa gelatinosa Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

Gloeocapsa conglomerata Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

Gloeocapsa .atrata. (Turp.) Kuetz. (After Cooke)

Gloeocapsa, muralis. Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

Gloeocapsa rupestris Kuetz. (After Cooke)

Gloeocapsa sparsa Wood... (After Wood)

, 27. a gigas. W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G. S.

est

Gloeocapsa crepidinum (Rab.) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)

Gloeocapsa magma, (Bréb.) Kuetz. (After Lemmermann)

Gloeocapsa ralfsiana (Harv.) Kuetz. (After Cooke)

Gloeocapsa thermalis Lemm. (After Lemmermann)

Gloeocapsa violacea (Corda) Rab. (Original)

Entophysalis granulosa Kuetz. (After Engler. and Prantl)

; oe ~36. Chondrocystis schauinslandii Lemm. (After Lemmermann)

PLATE II.

2. Gloeothece linearis Naeg. (After W. and G. S. West)

Gloeothece confluens Naeg. (After West)

Gloeothece rupestris (Lyngb.) Born. (After Cooke)

Gloeothece Iunata W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G. S.
West)

en elachista W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G.
S. West

Aphanocapsa grevillei (Hass.) Rab. (After West)

9. Aphanocapsa rivularis (Carm.) Rab. (After Cooke),

11. Aphanocapsa virescens (Hass.) Rab. (After Hansgirg)

Aphanothece microscopica Naeg. (After West)

Aphanothece castagnei (Bréb.) Rab. (After Engler and Prantl)

Aphanothece naegelii Wartm. (Original)

Aphanothece stagnina (Spreng.) A. Br. (After Lemmermann)

Aphanothece prasina A. Br. (Original)

Minnesota Algae

322
Fig. 17. Microcystis marginata (Menegh.) Kuetz. (After West)
Fig. 18. Microcystis flos-aquae (Witt.) Kirchn. (After Engler and Prantl)
Fig. 19. Microcystis labens (Menegh.) Kuetz. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. 20. Microcystis packardii (Farlow) Tilden. (Original)
Fig. 21, 22. eee ae aeruginosa (Kuetz.) Henfr. (After Engler and
Prantl
Fig. 23-28. Gomphosphaeria aponina Kuetz. (After West)
Fig. 29. Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Naeg. (After West)
Fig. 30. Coelosphaeriopsis halophila Lemm. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. 31. Tetrapedium trigonum W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G.
_S. West)
Fig. 32. Merismopedium aerugineum Bréb. (After Kuetzing)
Fig. 33. Merismopedium elegans A. Br. (After West)
Fig. 34. Merismopedium novum Wood. (After Wood)
Fig. 35. Merismopedium glaucum (Ehr.) Naeg. (After West)
Fig. 5 Merismopedium convolutum Bréb. (After Hansgirg)
Fig. 37. Merismopedium tenuissimum Lemm. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. aa -40. Eucapsis alpina Clements and Shantz. (After Shantz)
Fig. 41. Oncobyrsa cesatiana Rab. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. 42. Chlorogloea tuberculosa (Hansg.) Wille. (After Wille)
PLATE III.
Fig. 1. Pleurocapsa caldaria (Tilden) Setchell. (Original)
Fig. 2, 3. Pleurocapsa fuliginosa Hauck. (After Hauck)
Fig. 4. Pleurocapsa amethystea Kolderup-Rosenvinge. (After Kolder-
up-Rosenvinge)
Fig. 5,6. Xenococcus laysanensis Lemm. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. 7. Xenococcus schousboei Thur. (After Engler and Prantl)
Fig. 8. Xenococcus kerneri Hansg. (After Hansgirg)
Fig. o-11. Hyella caespitosa Born. and Flah. (After Engler and Prantl)
Fig. 12. Hyella fontana Buber and Jadin. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. 13-15. Dermocarpa prasina (Reinsch) Born. and Thur. (After Bor-
net and Thuret)
Fig. 16-18. Dermocarpa (?) rosea (Reinsch) Batters. (After Reinsch)
Fig. 19-21. Dermocarpa violacea Crouan. (After Crouan)
Fig. 22, 23. Dermocarpa fucicola Saunders. (After Saunders) |
Fig. 24, 25. Dermocarpa smaragdina (Reinsch) Tilden. (After Reinsch)
Fig. 26, 27. Dermocarpa olivacea (Reinsch) Tilden. (After Reinsch)
Fig. 28. Dermocarpa leibleiniae (Reinsch) Born. var. pelagica Wille
(After Wille)
Fig. 29-30. Chamaesiphon incrustans Grun. (After West)
Fig. 31. Chamaesiphon curvatus Nordst. (After Nordstedt)
PLATE IV,
Fig. 1. Oscillatoria prolifica (Grev.) Gom. (After Gomont)
Fig. 2. Oscillatoria agardhii Gom. (After Lemmermann)
Fig. 3. Oscillatoria princeps Vauch. (After Gomont)
Fig. 4. Oscillatoria proboscidea Gom. (After Gomont)
Fig. 5. Oscillatoria sancta Kuetz. (After Gomont)
Fig. 6. Oscillatoria limosa Ag. (After Gomont)
Fig. 7. Oscillatoria curviceps Ag. (After Gomont)
Fig. 8. Oscillatoria ornata Kuetz. (After Gomont)
Fig. 9. Oscillatoria anguina Bory. (After Gomont)
Fig. 10. Oscillatoria bonnemaisonii Crouan. (After Gomont)
Fig. 11. Oscillatoria margaritifera Kuetz. (After Gomont)
Fig. 12. Oscillatoria, nigro-viridis Thwaites. (After Gomont)
Fig. 13-15. Oscillatoria capitata W. West Jun. (After West)
Fig. 16. Oscillatoria corallinae Gom, (After Gomont)
Fig. 17-18. Oscillatoria tenuis Ag. (After Gomont)
Fig. 19, 20. Oscillatoria amphibia Ag. (After Gomont)
Fig. 21. Oscillatoria minnesotensis Tilden. (Original)

Fig.

22. Oscillatoria chlorina Kuetz. (After Wood)

Illustrations 323

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

23-25. Oscillatoria splendida Grev. (After Lemmermann, Setchell and
Gardner) :

26. OQscillatoria amoena (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)

27. Oscillatoria subuliformis Kuetz. (After Gomont)

28. Oscillatoria laetevirens Crouan. (After Gomont)

29. Oscillatoria acuminata Gom. (After Gomont)

30. Oscillatoria animalis Ag. (After Gomont)

31. Oscillatoria violacea (Wallr.) Hass.

32. Oscillatoria brevis Kuetz. (After Gomont)

33- Oscillatoria formosa Bory. (After Gomont)

34. Oscillatoria cortiana Menegh. (After Gomont)

35. Oscillatoria okeni Ag. (After Gomont)

36. Oscillatoria chalybea Mert. (After Gomont)

37, 38. Oscillatoria boryana Bory. (After Gomont)

39. Oscillatoria terebriformis Ag. (After Gomont)

. 40. Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehr. (After Gomont)

. 41, 42. Trichodesmium thiebautii Gom. (After Gomont)
. 43. Trichodesmium contortum Wille. (After Wille)

. 44. Arthrospira jenneri (Kuetz.) Stiz. (After Gomont)
. 45. Spirulina meneghiniana Zan. (After Gomont)

. 46. Spirulina major Kuetz. (After Gomont)

Spirulina subtilissima Kuetz. (After Gomont)

47.
. 48. Spirulina caldaria Tilden. (Original)

. 49. Spirulina subsalsa Oerst. (After Gomont)

. 50, 51. Spirulina duplex Wolle. (After Wolle)

. 52, 53. Phormidium fragile (Menegh.) Gom. (After Gomont)
ig. 54. Phormidium*foveolarum (Mont.) Gom, (After Gomont)
. 55. Phormidium tinctorium Kuetz. (After Gomont)
. 56, 57. Phormidium luridum (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 58. Phormidium rubrum Tilden. (Original)
. 59. Phormidium purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 60, 61. Phormidium crosbyanum Tilden. (Original)

. 62. Phormidium laminosum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 63-65. Phormidium tenue (Menegh.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 66. Phormidium valderianum (Delp.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 67. Phormidium subuliforme Gom. (After Gomont)
. 68. Phormidium incrustatum (Naeg.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 69, 70. Phormidium inundatum Kuetz. (After Gomont)

. 71, 72. Phormidium corium (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 73, 74. Phormidium papyraceum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 75, Phormidium interruptum Kuetz. (After Wolle)
. 76. Phormidium naveanum Grun. (After Wolle)

PLATE V.

1-4. Phormidium retzii (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)

5. Phormidium ambiguum Gom. (After Gomont)

6. Phormidium submembranaceum (Ar. and Straff.) Gom. (After
Gomont)

7,8. Phormidium laysanense Lemm. (After Lemmermann)

9, 10. Phormidium favosum (Bory) Gom. (After Gomont)

_ 1. Phormidium calidum Gom. (After Gomont)

. 12-15. Phormidium subfuscum Kuetz. (After Engler and Prantl)
. 16, 17. Phormidium uncinatum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 18, 19. Phormidium autumnale (Ag.) Gom. (After_Gomont)

. 20, 21. Phormidium setchellianum Gomont. (After_Gomont)

. 22, 23. Lyngbya lagerheimii (M6b.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 24. Lyngbva nana Tilden. (Original)

. 28, 26. Lyngbya ochracea (Kuetz.) Thur. (After Bornet)

. 27-29. Lyngbya ferruginea G. S. West. (After West)

. 30, 31. Lyngbya lutea (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 32, 33. Lyngbya aerugineo-caerulea (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)

34. Lyngbya cladophorae Tilden. (Original)

Minnesota Algae

. 35. Lyngbya versicolor (Wartm.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 36. Lyngbya gracilis (Menegh.) Rab. (After Gomont)

. 37. Lyngbya sordida (Zan.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 38. Lyngbya semiplena (C. Ag.) J. Ag. (After Gomont)

. 39. Lyngbya confervoides C. Ag. (After Gomont)

. 40, 41. Lyngbya aestuarii (Mert.) Liebm. (After Gomont)
. 42, Lyngbya majuscula (Dillw.) Harv. (After Gomont)

. 43. Lyngbya martensiana Menegh. (After Gomont)

. 44. Lyngbya martensiana var. calcarea Tilden. (Original)

. 45. Lyngbya putealis Mont. (After Gomont)

. 46. Lyngbya major Menegh. (After Gomont)

. 47. Lyngbya spirulinoides Gom. (After Gomont)

. 48. Symploca atlantica Gom. (After Gomont)

. 49. Symploca hydnoides Kuetz. (After Gomont)

. 50. Symploca laete-viridis Gom. (After Gomont)

. 51. Symploca thermalis (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 52, Symploca dubia (Naeg.) Gom. (After Kuetzing)

. 53. Symploca muralis Kuetz. (After Gomont)

ig. 54. Symploca muscorum (Ag.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 55. Porphyrosiphon notarisii (Menegh.) Kuetz. (After Gomont)
. 56. Hydrocoleus comoides (Harv.) Gom. (After Gomont)
ig. 57. Hydrocoleus cantharidosmus (Mont.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 58 Hydrocoleus lyngbyaceus Kuetz. (After Gomont)

ig. 59. Hydrocoleus glutinosus (Ag.) Gom. (After Kuetzing)

. 60, 61. Hydrocoleus holdenii Tilden. (After Holden)

. 62, 63. Hydrocoleus homoeotrichus Kuetz. (After Gomont)
; O4, 65. Hydrocoleus ravenelii Wolle. (After Wolle)

Hydrocoleus heterotrichus Kuetz. (After Gomont)

PLATE VI.

Hypheothrix calcicola (Ag.) Rab. (After Gomont)
Hypheothrix coriacea Kuetz. (After Gomont)

Hypheothrix lardacea (Ces.) Hansg. (After 'Gomont)
Hypheothrix arenaria (Berk.) De Toni. (After Gomont)
Symplocastrum fragile (Kuetz.) De Toni. (After Gomont)
Symplocastrum rubrum (Menegh.) De Toni. (After Gomont)

aT ON gus Gs: fs

7-9, Symplocastrum cuspidatum (West and West) De Toni. (After

W. and G. S. West)

. 10. Symplocastrum friesii (Ag.) Kirchn. (After Gomont)

. 11-13. Inactis pulvinata Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

. 14, 15..Inactis fasciculata (Naeg.) Grun. (After Gomont)

ig. 16. Inactis lacustris (A. Br.) De Toni. (After Gomont)

ig. 17. Inactis tinctoria (Ag.) Thur. (After Gomont)

. 18. Inactis hawaiensis (Lemm.) De Toni. (After Lemmermann)
ig. 19. Schizothrix thelephoroides (Mont.) Gom. (After Gomont)
. 20, 21. Schizothrix purpurascens (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)
ig. 22. Schizothrix chalybea (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 23. Schizothrix muelleri Naeg. (After Gomont)

. 24. Schizothrix braunii Gom. (After Gomont)

25. Schizothrix rupicola Tilden. (Original)

. 26. Dasygloea amorpha Berk. (After Gomont)

ig. 27. Microcoleus tenerrimus Gom. (After Gomont)

ig. 28. Microcoleus chthonoplastes (Fl. Dan.) Thur. (After Gomont)
. 29. Microcoleus vaginatus (Vauch.) Gom. (After Gomont)

. 30. Microcoleus paludosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)

ig. 31. Microcoleus pulvinatus Wolle (After Wolle)

. 32. Microcoleus subtorulosus (Kuetz.) Gom. (After Gomont)

i 2 Catagnymene pelagica Lemm. (After Wille)

Catagnymene spiralis Lemm. (After Wille)

: oe 37. Nostoc punctiforme (Kuetz.) Hariot (After Sauvageau)
. 38. Nostoc paludosum Kuetz. (After Janczewski)

Illustrations «’ 325

PLATE VII.

Fig. 1. Nostoc linckia (Roth) Born. (After Bornet and Thuret)

Fig. 2. Nostoc piscinale Kuetz. (After Cooke)

Fig. 3. Nostoc carneum Ag. (After Lemmermann)

Fig. 4, 5. Nostoc spongiaeforme Ag. (After Cooke)

Fig. 6-10. Nostoc ellipsosporum (Desm.) Rab. (After Bornet and Thuret)
Fig. 11. Nostoc gelatinosum Schousb. (Original) ‘

Fig. 12-14. Nostoc muscorum Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret)

Fig. 15. Nostoc humifusum Carm. (After Cooke)

Fig. 16. Nostoc foliaceum Moug. (Original)

PLATE VIII.

Fig. 1. Nostoc commune Vauch. (After Hansgirg)
Fig. 2. Nostoc sphaericum Vauch. (After Cooke)

Fig. 3. Nostoc calidarium Wood. (After Wood)

Fig. 4. Nostoc macrosporum Menegh. (After Cooke)
Fig. 5. Nostoc microscopicum Carm. (After Cooke)
Fig. 6, 7. Nostoc glomeratum Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)
Fig. 8. Nostoc caeruleum Lyngbye (Original)

Fig. 9, 10. Nostoc pruniforme (Linn.) Ag. ((After Cooke)

Fig. 11-16. Nostoc verrucosum (Linn.) Vauch. (After Thuret)

Fig. 17-19. Nostoc amplissimum Setch. (After Setchell)

Fig. 20. Nostoc parmelioides Kuetz. (After Gomont)

Fig. 21, 22. Wollea saccata (Wolle) Born. and Flah. (After Engler and

Prantl)
‘PLATE IX.
Fig. 1, 2. Nodularia harveyana (Thwaites) Thur. (After Bornet and Thu-
ret)

3. Nodularia sphaerocarpa Born..and Flah. (After West)
. 4. Nodularia paludosa Wolle. (After Wolle)
Fig. 5. Nodularia hawaiiensis Tilden. (Original)
. 6 Nodularia armorica Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)
Fig. 7, 8. Nodularia spumigena var. litorea (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah.
(After Bornet and Thuret)
Fig. 9. Anabaena variabilis Kuetz. (After Hansgirg)
Fig. 10-13. Anabaena hallensis (Jancz.) Born. and Flah. (After Jan-
czewski)
Fig. 14. Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Bréb. (After Engler and Prantl)
Fig. 15. Anabaena circinalis Rab. (After Hansgirg)
Fig. 16. Anabaena inaequalis (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After West)
Fig. 17. Anabaena catenula (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (Original)
Fig. 18. Anabaena laxa (Rab.) A. Br. (After Bornet and Flahault)
Fig. 19. Anabaena torulosa (Carm.) Lag. (After Cooke)
Fig. 20. Anabaena oscillarioides Bory. (After Hansgirg)
Fig. 21. Anabaena confervoides Reinsch. (Original)
Fig. 22. Anabaena cupressophila Wolle. (After Wolle)

PLATE X.

Fig. 1. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (Linn.) Ralfs. (After Engler and
Prantl)

Fig. 2. Cylindrospermum stagnale (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After
West) |

Fig. 3. Cylindrospermum comatum Wood. (After Wood)

Fig. 4. Cylindrospermum majus Kuetz. (After Gomont)

Fig. 3. Cylindrospermum minutum Wood. (After Wolle) |

Fig. 6. Cylindrospermum muscicola Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

Fig. 7. Cylindrospermum catenatum Ralfs. (Original) .

Fig. 8. Richelia intracellularis J. Schm. (After Lemmermann)

9.

Aulosira schauinslandii Lemm. (After Lemmermann)

Minnesota Algae

. 10. Microchaete tenuissima W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G.

S. West)

. Ir. Microchaete tenera Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)
. 12. Microchaete grisea Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)
. 13. Hormothamnion enteromorphoides Grun. (After Engler and

Prantl)
PLATE XI.

I, 2. Plectonema tenue Thur. (After Gomont)

3. Plectonema tomasinianum (Kuetz.) Born. (After Bornet and
Thuret)

4, 5. Plectonema wollei Farl. (After Gomont)

6. ene terebrans Born. and Flah. (After Bornet and Fla-
hault

7. Plectonema nostocorum Born. (After Gomont)

8. Plectonema roseolum (Richter) Gom. (After Gomont)

g. Plectonema golenkinianum Gom. (After Gomont)

ig. 10. Plectonema calotrichoides Gom. (After Gomont)

. 11, 12. Scytonema rivulare Borzi. (Original)

. 13, 14. Scytonema occidentale Setchell. (After Setchell)
. 15. Scytonema crispum (Ag.) Born. (Original)

PLATE XII.

1. Scytonema caldarium Setch. (After Setchell)

2, 3. Scytonema azureum Tilden. (Original)

4. Scytonema hofmanni Ag. (After Engler and Prantl)

5. Scytonema varium (Kuetz.) (After Kuetzing)

6. Scytonema javanicum (Kuetz.) Born. (After W. and G. S. West)

7. Scytonema javanicum var. hawaiiense Lemmermann (After Lem-
mermann)

8. Scytonema ocellatum Lyngb. (After Wolle)

g. Scytonema intertextum (Kuetz.) Rab. (After Wolle)

0, Il. Soren amplum W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G.

est

. 12, Scytonema wolleanum De Toni. (After Wolle)
. 13, 14. Scytonema stuposum (Kuetz.) Born. (After Kuetzing)

PLATE XIII.

1. Scytonema tolypotrichoides Kuetz. (After Wood)

2-5. Scytonema mirabile (Dillw.) Born, (After West)

6. Scytonema myochroum (Dillw.) Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret)
7, 8. Scytonema fuliginosum Tilden. (Original)

9. Scytonema alatum (Carm.) Borzi. (After Hone)

. 10-12. Scytonema crustaceum Ag. (After Kuetzing)

. 13. Scytonema densum (A. Br.) Born. (After Kuetzing)
. 14. Symphyosiphon bornetianum Wolle. (After Wolle)

. 15. Scytonema hirtulum (Kuetz.) Rab. (After Wolle)

PLATE XIV.

1. Tolypothrix lanata (Desv.) Wartm. (After West)

2-4. Tolypothrix distorta (Hofman-Bang) Kuetz. (Original)

5. Tolypothrix penicillata (Ag.) Thur. (After Engler and Prantl)

6. Tolypothrix byssoidea (Hass.) Kirchn. (After Cooke)

7. Tolypothrix ravenelii Wolle. (After Wolle)

8. Tolypothrix setchellii Collins. (After Collins)

9. Tolypothrix rupestris Wolle. (After Wolle)

o. Desmonema wrangellii (Ag.) Born. and Flah. (After Engler and
Prantl)

ig. 11. Diplocolon heppii Naeg. (After Engler and Prantl)
. 12. Mastigocoleus testarum Lag. (After Engler and Prantl)

Illustrations 327

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
ig. 14. Calothrix pulvinata (Mert.) Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret)
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

13. Hapalosiphon fontinalis (Ag.) Born. (After Lemmermann)
14, 15. Hapalosiphon laminosus (Kuetz.) Hansh. (After Buscalioni)

PLATE XV.

1-4._Hapalosiphon major Tilden. (Ovivinal) 7
5. se or a intricatus W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G.
. West : PAs Sa
6, 7. ere ae arboreus W. and G. S. West. (After W. and G.
. est
8, 9. Fischerella ambigua.(Naeg.) Gom. (After W. and G. S. West)

. 10, 11. Fischerella thermalis (Schabe) Gom. (After Lemmermann)
. 12, Fischerella thermalis var. mucosa Lemm. (After Lemmermann)
. 13. Stigonema hormoides (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After W. and

G. S. West)

. 14. Stigonema aerugineum Tilden. (Original)

. 15-17. Stigonema ocellatum (Dillw.) Thur. (After West)

. 18, 19. Stigonema minutum (Ag.) Hass. (After West)

. 20. Stigonema turfaceum (Berk.) Cooke. (After Engler and Prantl)
. 21. Stigonema informe Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

. 22. Stigonema mamillosum (Lyngb.) Ag. (After Gomont)

PLATE XVI.
1. Capsosira brebissonii Kuetz. (After Engler and Prantl)
2. Nostochopsis lobatus Wood. (After Engler and Prantl)
Re aoe janthina (Mont.) Born. and Flah. (After Engler and
Prantl E :
4. Amphithrix violacea (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After Kuetzing)

5. Calothrix juliana (Menegh.) Born. and Flah. (After Kuetzing)
6-8. Calothrix confervicola (Roth) Ag. (After Bornet and Thuret)
9. Calothrix consociata (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After Kuetzing)

. Io. Calothrix fusco-violacea Crouan. (After Crouan)
. 1, 12. Calothrix scopulorum (Web. and Mohr) Ag. (After Bornet and

Thuret) .
13. Calothrix contarenii (Zan.) Born. and Flah. (After Kuetzing)

15, 16. Calothrix parasitica (Chauv.) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)
PLATE XVII.

1. Calothrix aeruginea (Kuetz.) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)
2-6. Calothrix crustacea Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)

7, Calothrix scytonemicola Tilden. (Original)

8, 9. Calothrix stagnalis Gom. (After Lemmermann)

. 10, 11. Calothrix fusca (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After Teodoresco)
. 12. Calothrix sandvicensis (Nordst.) Schmid. (After Schmidle)
Fig.

13, 14. Calothrix adscendens (Naeg.) Born. and Flah. (After Teodo-
resco)

PLATE XVIII.

1-5. Calothrix thermalis (Schwabe) Hansg. (Original)

6, 7. Calothrix calida P. Richter. (After Richter)

8-10. Calothrix kuntzei P. Richter. (After Richter)

11. Calothrix braunii Born. and Flah. (After Lemmermann)

12. Calothrix parietina (Naeg.) Thur. (After West)

13. Calothrix lacucola Wolle. (After Wolle) | ,

14. Schizosiphon obscurus Dickie. (After Dickie)

15. Mastigonema paradoxum Kuetz. (After Kuetzing)

16. Dichothrix orsiniana (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After West)

17. Dichothrix calcarea Tilden. (Original)

18. Dichothrix baueriana (Grun.) Born. and Flah. (After Lemmer-
mann)

328

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Minnesota Algae

PLATE XIX.

1. Dichothrix meneghiniana (Kuetz.) De Toni. (After Wolle)

2. Dichothrix gypsophila (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After Engler
and Prantl)

3. Dichothrix hosfordii (Wolle) Bornet. (After Wolle)

4. Sacconema rupestre Borzi. (After Engler and Prantl)

5. Isactis plana (Harv.) Thur. (After Bornet and Thuret)

6. Rivularia pisum Ag. (After Cooke)

7, Rivularia natans (Hedw.) Welw. (After Teodoresco)

PLATE XX.

1-3, Rivularia natans (Hedw.) Welw. (Original)

4. ees echinulata (Smith) Born. and. Flah. (After .Lemmer-
mann

5, 6. Rivularia polyotis (Ag.) Bornet avid Flah. ee Bornet and

Thuret)

7-8. Rivularia borealis P. Richter, (After Richter}

g. Rivularia minutula (Kuetz.) Born. and Flah. (After West)

to. Rivularia atra Roth. (After Wille) ¥

11-14. Rivularia haematites (DC) Ag. (Original)

15. Rivularia dura Roth. (After Cooke)

16, 17. Rivularia coadunata (Sommerf.) Foslie. (After West)

18. Brachytrichia quoyi (Ag.) Born. and Flah. (After Gomont)

19, 20. Asterothrix creginii Wolle. (After Wolle)

21. Asterocytis ramosa (Thwaites) Gobi. (After Wille)

22, Glaucocystis nostochinearum Itzig. ‘(After Lagerheim)

23. Porphyridium cruentum. (Ag.) Naeg. (After Cooke)

24, 25.. Cryptoglena americana Davis, ‘(After Davis)

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