i ) Gornell University Library Ithaca, New York FROM Caemegie Thatchetion | dee as ™“ 3 DATE DUE MAY 2? 0/1968 ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY | ITHACA, N. Y. RETURN TO eR REA Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924081073441 A BIOCHEMIC BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF PROBLEMS OF TAXONOMY, HEREDITY, EVOLUTION, ETC., WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE STARCHES AND TISSUES OF PARENT-STOCKS AND HYBRID-STOCKS AND THE STARCHES AND HEMOGLOBINS OF VARIETIES, SPECIES, AND GENERA. BY EDWARD TYSON REICHERT, MD., ScD. Professor of Physiology in the University of Pennsylvania Research Associate of the Carnegie Institution of Wushington IN TWO PARTS | PART I aan / WASHINGTON, D. C. PUBLISHED BY THE CaRNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WasHINGTON 1919 A BIOCHEMIC BASIS FOR THE STUDY OF PROBLEMS OF TAXONOMY, HEREDITY, EVOLUTION, ETC., WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE STARCHES AND TISSUES OF PARENT-STOCKS AND HYBRID-STOCKS AND THE STARCHES AND HEMOGLOBINS OF VARIETIES, SPECIES, AND GENERA. BY EDWARD TYSON BEICHERT, M.D., Sc.D. Professor of Physiology in the Unwwersity of Pennsylvania Research Associate of the Carnegie Institution of Washington IN TWO PARTS PART I WASHINGTON, D.C. PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON 1919 -“ ay G\ » ero A 462.620 CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON Pusiication No. 270, Part I PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA - Pein omen ae (eC) TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I. PREFACE) ¥.4.076:9.96.0545.065 6.06 65.064 44058 AAA HORM EAM EY SG ERG OR OTE RE Toa VOOw AE 4s HRS ead ais eee ate de Ae aoe Pee vii Supplementary and Complementary Researches. The Trend of Modern Biological Sciences. General Thoughts tndlerlying these Researches. Inter-relationships between Molecular Configuration of Various Substances and Protoplasm. Biologie Propositions. Relations of Various Substances to Biologie Classification. Differences in the Methods Employed in these Researches. Forecast of Further Research. Unit-Characters and Unit-Character-Phases of Starches and Plant Tissues. Physics and Physical Chemistry in their Bearings on the Development of Biologic Sciences. CHAPTER LD. INTRODUCTION + 25 2.00.95 ec x-oug Ganon ae Harpeeee Ue 4k ME He eR ELE Wg WAY RYO SIRE oe cpt DQlataney deem eects 3 1. Objects:of the: Research). 4. 0322.6 soa 5308 bsuuiors's sk Ase Od Sea Vinee oak ee Pa oad Sees Rha eNvs DORM TEE AE Ware ES 3 2. Criteria of Mutants and Hybrids. A Foreword... .......... 00 cc cece eee eee nent ene e teen eens 3 3. Intermediateness and Lessened Vitality of Hybrids ete. (Macfarlane)................ 0. eect ene te tenes 4 Intermediateness of Histologic Properties of Hybrids............ 0... cece cece ne nee een e eens 4 1. Average Organismal Development and Deviations...............0 0000 eee nent ere eee tens ne eas 4 2. Lem itiof: Varia Dib Yin. jensen sonanees wad gus euders dds b Sapa Oe wie BRI w Sele RAGIN ee iw RaRE GS GASES Das R SARIN Gl ER te acta 5 3. Comparison of Similar Parts. .... 0.0.0... c cc ccc ce nen ee eden een eee eee net n teen ne ees 5 4. Available Limit for Comparison of Parents with their Hybrid Progeny..............-.-. 0c cece eee eens 5 5: Relative Stability of Parent: Forms .. . .<.c.60 063. candies ede ca semanas ¢onrenausnd edad quads 1 oa eed Ap Pa bie ede Bphawe 6 Intermediateness of the Starches of Hybrids.............0. 0.000. eee ce ee ce cnn cent etn tee e ete eee 7 Intermediateness of the Macroscopic Properties of Hybrids... . 1.0.0.0... 0.00 cence nent nett enenes 10 First Propositionvof Focke: ions cunaniieen ne ales Bie MAINE dh Kegs se GENE ea ged alands yaw eialwe sects Gus yeh e a ewE HS 10 Second. Proposition: of Boeke ec... 35 sigs si 9. ce Ga: accuses Hae wae Gomunieads wibie abcd Bue de bm PALE audigL helen a ebANEE P Aone Gun EE 11 ‘Third: Proposition ‘oft F OCKe), i /sio<40.an onatahic ga due gaNe Ne Gaagais Wann caus ved’ onenk WRGKD pen etea eee agedcs 12 4. Partial or Complete Sterility of Hybrids... 2.2.0.6... een ne nen tec b nett beeen beens 13 Fourth: Proposition. of Hocke’. otc: Secowcicdueis baaqda SONG Me Sodas a HMMs eae IRE OY aa 6 ASS De REA ee eS 13 Fifth, Proposition: of FOcke 0.9.5 csieee 4 aeadaeausai ea hid oak aciyal das oa acted anda needs UE WES MUGRUNE ASAE ES MERA LS 15 5. Instability and Mendelian Inheritance of Hybrids and Mutants... ...........0. 00sec cece etc nce tenet eee e tees 18 6. Genetic Purity in Relation to Intermediateness of the Hybrid... ........ 0.0... ccc cece eee nee e eee 20 7. Theoretic Requirements in the Properties of Starches to Conditions in the Hybrid corresponding to those of Anatomic QUA TA CECE 5.6. yk ub stole Sass atets BAR gsedy Bass eN dee Oi RoR A ABI PRO CEA aes NIELS NR tetinseecal an BIRD da echod Dhaene eats 20 8. Unit-Characters and Unit-Character-Phases.......... 00. c cece cent ene nent nee en bene te teen ee eeees 21 OF SASBIStAD tS is 5 foacer ohy ost uiee conse a eer Goteaechica fh ake emyte an hi IVR WAR SO htc A Ph dole NNT ok oo. ch essen amiaeaye Ge eiadd a 22 Cuapter II. Meruops Usep In THE STupY OF STARCHES... 1.2.6... en nee nee n ene e eee e ese neenee 23 1: Preparation of the Starches, 3.92.5 sued $2.5 4-4 we Woon aa nex eee eok Sn NANA Ga tan ao ese wlencean, 8 ea nmuieeacarer Paasche Wonans Aro eee 23 2. Simultaneous Studies of Starches of the Parents and Hybrid and of the Members of a Genus....................... 23 Bs LIStOLO BIG SEO ie. elds essex Ade bog aun enh ay Salty Ak od Su WUe Sect A tenes Senso 6-2 une NGON, BNE AaB Seed hsb EE 23 4.: Photomicrographic- Records's « gcse yeu geag 43.99 004 os SRSA RE SRE EE SEEMED USS. FSR HOE Waa Baers eS Ge aw Ea 23 5. Reactions in Polarized Light, Without and With Selenite... . 2.00... cc ence e eee teen eee eens 24 6; Jodine: Reactions’: +. 4% vcsys<2s2 near ates dees es o54 ane FEM e UE ESSE SN es G4: 8 odanserd UaaGaaeal pion suntem'y aaeeustins gdont 24 Os “ABIUING: REACHOIE i, kv.5 ce. speee tine codgensnca nde Hi Ree Mo, Mean So Gre GA ten Hs is ESA Se ee tebe a sap ng alia gdlGhSa Gee aioe 25 8. Temperatures of Gelatinization. .. 0.0.0... nee cee ee eect ebb be eben eben ences 25 9. Action of Swelling Reagents ....... 6... ne ee ce eke eben e eben eben eb eben ensues 26 10. Constancy of Results Recorded by the Foregoing Method.............. 0.00.0 0c ccc ccc c ee ec eee e ee eens eee ee ens 28 11. Reagents Used in Qualitative Investigations.......... 00000. c cece cee ecb bbe c cece veebteneereeevennes 28 12. Charts of Reaction-Intensities of Different Starches. ...........0.00 00000 ccc cece cee eee eben eee teen neue 29 13. Comparative Valuations of the Reaction-Intensities.......... 0.0.0. ccc ce cence ee ence ne neeeneuneee 30 Cuaprer III. Hisrotocic PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS..........0 0.00 ce cece cee cece eee cece eben been ee eennneenes 31 Comparisons of the More Important Data of the Histologic Properties and the Polariscopic, Iodine, Aniline, Temperature, and Various Reagent Reactions of the Starches of Parent- and Hybrid-Stocks.....................-20 ee ee 31 1. Comparisons of the Starches of Amaryllis belladonna, Brunsvigia josephinm, Brunsdonna sandere alba, and Byunsdonna SAnGerGs o5 9 ccake ohare atts fa stnaad da ord anaee Fak ecu be ames GaN Oe ied dopwieg etetva tenets ane ats 32 Notes on Amaryllis, Brunsvigia, and Brunsdonna. ...... 22.0... cee ce ee ence enn t ieee n ne eeeeenes 37 2. Comparisons of the Starches of Hippeastrum titan, H. cleonia, and H. titan-cleonia........................... 40 3. Comparisons of the Starches of Hippeastrum ossultan, H. pyrrha, and H. ossultan-pyrrha ..................... 42 - 4, Comparisons of the Starches of Hippeastrum dzones, H. zephyr, and H. dwones-zephyr ...................... 44 ‘Notes:on the: Hippeastrums isda sec aeudass alg niechataa aa es Acts Yass sie aca lh Gla Be eV ae SEG bach Sala a Rial eevee hee ted 46 5. Comparisons of the Starches of H#wmanthus katherine, H. magnificus, and H. andromeda..................... 47 6. Comparisons of the Starches of Hemanthus katherinz, H. puniceus, and H. kénig albert...................... 48 Notes on thecHaemanthuses..:..c2 cca cane eRe waw ee de Ree SOSA BOE Su gs deplore dE RS Ree ga dhels Redealeaw gs SUA EE ERED ace eS 50 7. Comparisons of the Starches of Crinum moorei, C. zeylanicum, and C. hybridum j. e. harvey oa Set eanee eee tasters 51 8. Comparisons of the Starches of Crinum zeylanicum, C. longifolium, and C. kircape........................--. 53 9. Comparisons of the Starches of Crinum longifolium, C. moorei, and C. powellii............000 0000 00 cc cee cae 56 Noteson the: Crin tims site keegan coe Seed ar ease a aaah Bes ye ominaseR- dw eRe cls Saremad au Re Beale eawaAin eae hee cae Le 58 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 11. Comparisons of the Starches of Nerine bowdeni, N. sarniensis var. corusca major, N. giantess, and N. abundance 62 12. Comparisons of the Starches of Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major, N. curvifolia var. fothergilli major, and NicgloryOfisarna 3.2 soce oy tence sccaat!e Bem ghee saa wy eG aneed av elgee SemeG Ht PERSE RA oan PEER OEMS 66 Notes on the Quantitative Reactions of the Nerines with the Various Chemical Reagents...........00+-2200 erste 68 13. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus poeticus ornatus, N. poeticus poetarum, N. poeticus herrick, and N. POChiCUS dante iyo o.5 onaccaaengucendis dea gre RE ay uwios sua ete ees OLa an ke oon eae Coase eee a 69 14. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. poetaz triumph.. 72 15. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus gloria mundi, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. fiery cross................4. 74 16. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus telamonius plenus, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. doubloon.............. 76 17. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus princess mary, N. poeticus poetrum, and N. cresset.......----+-+-++- 77 18. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus abscissus, N. poeticus poetarum, and N. will scarlet..........-.-..--- 79 19. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus albicans, N. abscissus, and N. bicolor apricot. .......6..+-+ essere es 81 20. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus empress, N. albicans, and N. madame de graaff. . sich asa eelaad hanes ade Oe 21. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus weardale perfection, N. madame de graaff, and N. ‘pyramus. Seaee: St 22. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus monarch, N. madame de graaff, and N. lord roberts................. 86 23. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus leedsii minnie hume, N. triandrus-albus, and N. agnes harvey... dats deseniss 87 24. Comparisons of the Starches of Narcissus emperor, N. triandrus albus, and N. j. t bennett poe................ 89 Noteson the: Narcisslije sins wie ves vans coud eumaleedas Mid we aa NeW Reming Bess Mee are ena eee w ces ERO wR 91 25. Comparisons of the Starches of Lilium martagon album, L. maculatum, and L. marhan....................... 91 26. Comparisons of the Starches of Lilium martagon, L. maculatum, and L. dalhansoni.............-... 000 sees 94 27. Comparisons of the Starches of Lilium tenuifolium, L. martagon album, and L. golden gleam.................. 96 28. Comparisons of the Starches of Lilium chalcedonicum, L. candidum, and L. testaceum. ...............20. 0006 98 29. Comparisons of the Starches of Lilium pardalinum, L. parryi, and L. burbanki................ 0000s cece eee 100 Notes:on' the Lilies). 55 2ieisd Goin aoa teins Maas Bawa Aah eA Rea RN me Wa Ne AGRE Ae DAE ae ee onan a ba ane d we 102 30. Comparisons of the Starches of Iris iberica, I, trojana, and I. ismali..... 0.2.02... 0.0000 c ence cee eee eee 103 31. Comparisons of the Starches of Iris iberica, I. cengialti, and I. dorak... 1.2.2.0... eee eee 106 32. Comparisons of the Starches of Iris cengialti, I. pallida queen of may, and I. mrs, alan grey.................... 108 33. Comparisons of the Starches of Iris persica var. purpurea, I. sindjarensis, and I. pursind........-.............. 110 Notes onthe: Irises vaaicde oo-x sande hehe a ete Roa RSA ie woe ead Sain Sib nae Bled EE RO Aah Ra ae REO 113 34. Comparisons of the Starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, G. tristis, and G. colvillei................ 00.0 cece eee eee 114 35. Comparisons of the Starches of Tritonia pottsii, T. crocosmia aurea, and T. crocosmeeflora.......-...... 0. ce eee 116 36. Comparisons of the Starches of Begonia single crimson scarlet, B. socotrana, and B. mrs. heal.................. 118 37. Comparisons of the Starches of Begonia double light rose, B. socotrana, and B. ensign. ...........-00 0000 eee eee 120 38. Comparisons of the Starches of Begonia double white, B. socotrana, and B. julius....................000022.- 122 39. Comparisons of the Starches of Begonia double deep rose, B. socotrana, and B. suecess..........-.0. 0. 0e eee ee 123 Noteson: the Begonias aes cngt citir e's asserts Sess Rbvtaiais Suds, ecandt ay teas ie et are a nd a HR ema eee 7 ana thie ages we hie ea 124 40. Comparisons of the Starches of Richardia albo-maculata, R. elliottiana, and R. mrs. roosevelt................. 125 41. Comparisons of the Starches of Musa arnoldiana, M. gilletii, and M. hybrida............... 0. cece cece ce ee ees 126 42. Comparisons of the Starches of Phaius grandifolius, P. wallichii, and P. hybridus..............0.0.0. ec eeeeeeee 129 43. Comparisons of the Starches of Miltonia vexillaria, M. roezlii, and M. bleuana.............. 000s cece eee eee 131 44. Comparisons of the Starches of Cymbidium lowianum, C. eburneum, and C. eburneo-lowianum................. 133 45. Comparisons of the Starches of Calanthe rosea, C. vestita var. rubro-oculata, and C. veitchii .................. 135 46. Comparisons of the Starches of Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata, C. regnieri, and C. bryan.................. 137 Notes:on. the: Calanthes ico acct ac icaerssacttanntoG ane aaa aie leg nabee Hy Agee semanas Eadat eck atatilan deg anmienean Rien ny oes 138 Noteston the Orchids isso occ) caietbaiee ae nial aiteeecanatiel gy Ob metnie rtnacack dcavacgnd am pap. doa ee Ral RebcO annie We Ha Naeen a ie ane seve 138 Cuarter IV. GENERAL AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE STARCHES OF ParENtT-STOCKS AND HYBRID-STOCKS! f05 je uars nals dt Weiss a at ew yw wah a a sGAL a Walled ction ieaitane & eae eae “ociiniel 139 1. Reaction-Intensities of Starches with Each Agent and Reagent...... 0.00.00... 0c. c ccc e cece ce cece ce ee ence aenaenes 139 Wide Range of Reaction-Intensities. 0.0.2... cece ce een eee ne nese ee ee eben ebvaeebeneneveuee 140 Manifest Tendency to Groupings of Reaction-Intensities............ 0.0 ccc ccc ccc cece nee b eee enecnunenenas 140 Individuality or Specificity of Fach Chart... 0.2.0... ccc ccc cece cee eee eee neve beac en bneeaeennnea 142 The Specificities of the Components of the Reagents. ... 6... 0... ccc cet cece ce eee enue ee ee eres eneeneenaaes 144 Variable Relationships of the Reaction-Intensities as regards Sameness, Intermediateness, etc.....................0- 161 Variations in the Reaction-Intensities as regards Height, Sum, and Average...........0.. 0c cece cece ence een cenees 162 Average Temperatures of Gelatinization compared with the Average Reaction-Intensities......................000: 164 2. Velocity-Reactions with Different Reagents .........0 0... ccc ccc ccc ce ene ne cece nett ene neeeeneanenees 166 Percentage of Total Starch Gelatinized at Definite Time-Intervals.... 0.2.0.0... 0c cece ce cece cece eee ee ee eeeaee 167 _. Percentages of Total Starch and Entire Number of Grains Gelatinized at Definite Time-Intervals................... 170 3. Composite Reaction-Intensity Curves with Different Agents and Reagents................ccecccc ce cueccccececnas 172 @. Series of Charts: <.c0 sig. Sissane dt eden va cuando de sacha aveniae Sindbis Aide ae Ae were aL ag once S Woib'd die hate ee lig oud wae 174 Charts) Al toA-26 4.0 %5 see sens de leas ubiowadunds cored ea Nese has God PEP ARE Cateye Kad wy dwn ta nuelee eee ee ewes 175 ChartsiB U6 B42 cc. Gaes i2a Santee) ha Wet aa tee Near may aed bas Dew inttiee mearant py Anat Ss eRO EMS ake ia Be eek Meds 188 Chart? © diccisn Gist eae ean Se tad d ae TRE GAA EE Oa Ree ane Oe Bulace s Magar me aunlaaeaets Sui dobnabie ¥eie iaspceteny aya ardeatianars 209 Charts: Di to: D G91, ac :sinc ssi anaceiny wade Cae amare Baile vies sae EE Sia ates Hale BGG SSK DE ORAG SIS OES EGS ASS as eked wns 210 CHAT ESTE GEA aiesa ie asics beatae Sie gan eee gtd SER datee on EA Deals leat hee 4 oe Be eegahotes GAGE ie de ames ae nanan ek 263 Chartg F'1to. P14. 22 isn ycevsne es Sewers Ge pes sation nea ien Yee See NEE Kae Anak yc sree doe A WS oa marwar ad Geasgres 282 CaaprTer V. SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. ...... 0. cece cece cece eee eee eect er neenteeneennnnue 284 BU Tie SGA TC EB 8 wees eos ested rzretan aysesills ea aw syas des ale sauneorG ner apenas olous Meas a ceva aseraass Bees omensale, Sesyaes et Res eee tee hurts hn ated teak yee eee 284 Histologic Characters and certain Qualitative and Quantitative Reactions. ..............0 0.00000 cc ec ceeeae encase 284 Brunsdonnes yx) c.ge sca eieeaih cagave aucun tan Saw hit oe atten ala Nea ded weenie agialuer sag dle Bee EIAG Sate Gd en Shee bon 285 TABLE OF CONTENTS v PAGE 1. The Starches—Continued. FimmanthuS. oc. 0 ec cease Ra ee a ee ee ee epee we eie ne pao OEE ST ERED CR REG oO Wile cae Tema de see es 287 CPB 5 OF B. josephinw........... 65| .. | 76 83 87 | 89] 90 | 01 four curves may be well separated, as in the calcium- B. sand. alba...........| 77} .. | 88 91 96| 991..|.. nitrate reactions; or the parental curves may be fairly , ¥ panes sacs ee 90] .. | 95 99 99/..]. odium hydroxide: * Notes on the Reactive-Intensities of the Brunsdonne Starches.— A. belladonna apa iecnsa ths Uae 97 99 --|99)..)-- The reactions of these starches have been found at times to be quite B. josephing...........|-- 75 85 95) . . | 97 | 98 erratic, especially with sodium hydroxide and potassium sulphide, and B. sand. alba........... me 2 8 16) 49 | 60 | 65 they appear to be affected by variations in temperature, pressure, B. sanderee . PEPER SIE SB 10 30 65) 75 | 83 | 88 and humidity and certain other attendant conditions to a marked | Sodium sulphide: degree, whereas most if not all other starches studied are either but A. belladonna Ae eee AES a 66 80) 84 | 87 | 89 very little or not at all influenced by corresponding conditions. There B. josephinw........... ee 71 85) 90 | 93 | 96 may be considerable variation in the percentage-gelatinization at B. sand. alba...........|-- 2 3} 5} 8/10 different parts of the slide, so that it is always quite important that B. sandercs PRON PES Bio si) ue 5 25] 30 | 40 | 40 the observations with these starches be made in center of the field | Sodium salicylate: even though the cover-slip be sealed in the manner stated in Chapter A. belladonna eng pieeens ane a 81 | 99/100) .. II. Sometimes the reaction appeared to be more rapid at the margin B. josephing........... ay 40 | 78 | 95) 99 of the cover and at other times at the central part of the preparation. B. sand. alba........... ae 71} 99) 99 Then again, where the grains are crowded the reaction appeared to B. sanderee ie Aaa GSN o> 84 | 99 |100 be considerably retarded. The crowding may be apparent, particu- | Calcium nitrate: larly in clumps of grains that have been massed after the addition A. belladonna ip ain Sehantepacas oa 96 98/99) ..).. of the reagent. - B. josephing........... Be 60 76| 84 | 87 | 90 B. sand. alba...........].. 4 22) 30 | 36 | 41 B. sandere............].- 5 39] 50 | 63 | 68 TaBie A 1. Uranium nitrate: = A. belladonna..........|.- as 65 91} 95 | 96 | 96 dldaldldia His li|ajea|a B. josephine........... i 55 77| 84 | 90 | 93 alalolwi[o/2Iisig/8 {ge B. sand. alba........... dt ae 2 7| 15 | 30 | 50 B. sanderee............ in ees 5 20} 52 | 60 | 70 Chloral hydrate: Strontium nitrate: A. belladonna uoaeenenosaes wd, Pare ee [- wae [2 50 | 85 | 92] 96 A. belladonna.......... a 98 99}... ]..4.. B. josephinz........... ce laslee dae d g 46 | 74 | 78 | 82 B. josephine........... oe 73 90) 97 | 98 | 99 B. sand. alba........... ha 10 75 | 95| 97 | 98 B. sand. alba...........}.. 72 97)99]..].. B. sanderce Ve¥a Cow eem OX re 15 85 | 98 | 99 | 99 B. sandere............ Pen 85 99] .. Chromic acid: Cobalt nitrate: A. belladonna.......... 0 10 70} 99] . A. belladonna..........].. 12 52| 74 | 78 | 82 B. josephine...........)..]..]..]..130 85 | 99) . _B. josephing........... 23 16 54! 67 | 71) 75 B. sand. alba........... sa twcdeslaat 3 80 |100} . B. sand. alba........... ats 2 a Beat 3 é B. sanderce ache a aera ssi a4 [isie Paaeae E 80] 99 B. sandere............].. 2 5} 9112 Pyrogallic acid: Copper nitrate: A. belladonna Hdenadd 3 ia fae [ee |ael 6 40| 75] 85 | 90 A. belladonna..........].. 78 90] 93 | 95 | 97 B. josephing........... ve lee | eo | aa [Be 64] 98] .. | 99 B. josephine........... se » | 52 75| 79 | 84 | 88 B. sand. alba........... 1 2) 10) 12) 12 B. sand. alba...........].. . (0.5 2} 6| 10) 18 B. sanderee . err et 1 0.5) 4) 7! 7 B. sanderos............. ) eae ee ae B. josephing ..........] 88] 99]... B. josephing........... ee . 12.5 6) 7| 8)14 B. sand. alba...........| 95}/100).. B. sand. alba........... Hs . 0.5 .. 10.5 B. sandere............. 95}100) .. B. sandere............ 0.5 0.5 Hydrochloric acid Mercurie chloride: : A. belladonna ealiersusile thse 95} 99]... A. belladonna.......... - (0.5 13] 16 | 26 | 40 B. josephing........... 90} 95] 99 B. josephine........... <1 6 20] 33 | 48 | 60 B. sand. alba........... 50} 95; 99]... B. sand. alba........... Z . 10.5 «|. 10.5 B. sandere............ 30} 90} 97 | 99 B. sandere............].. . 0.6 0.5 AMARYLLIS—BRUNSVIGIA—-BRUNSDONNA. 35 well separated but the hybrid curves very close together, as in the cupric-chloride reactions. (See following section. ) Amaryllis in some reactions shows a higher reactivity than Brunsvigia, in others the reverse, and in others no essential difference. There is higher reactivity of Amaryllis with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, so- dium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; but a lower reactivity with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium sulphide, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. No essential differences are noted in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potas- sium iodide, because of the great rapidity of the reac- tions, while in the potassium-sulphocyanate reactions an important difference is noted only at the end of the 5-minute period. Comparing the parental and hybrid curves (eliminat- ing reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- chloric acid, and potassium hydroxide because of their high rapidity obscuring differences), it will be observed that the curves tend to be grouped in couples corre- sponding to parents and hybrids, each couple taking its own. course, which may be similar or dissimilar to the course of the other couple; that the parental curves are lower than those of the hybrids in the reaction with chloral hydrate; that the parental curves are higher than those of the hybrids in the reactions with pyrogallic acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hy- droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- trate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, ba- rium chloride, and mercuric chloride ; and that the paren- tal curves tend to be intermediate, or approximately so, in those with potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, and strontium nitrate. In the chromic-acid reactions all four curves run very close together, the only notable difference being seen at the end of 5 minutes, at which time the parental curves are higher than the hybrid curves, very soon after which the hybrid curves tend to intermediate- ness. The most remarkable feature of these curves, as a whole, is seen in most of the reactions in the more or less markedly lower degree of reactivity of the hybrids than of the parents. The curves of the hybrids tend, as a rule, to keep close together, there being a well-marked inclination to separation in only the reactions with sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and copper nitrate. In reactions of the hybrids with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide, gelatinization occurs so rapidly that no satis- factory differentiation can be made; but in the reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, and copper nitrate the curves of Brunsdonna san- dere alba are lower than those of the other hybrid; and they are practically the same in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, strontium nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. A marked early period of resistance that is followed by a moderate to rapid reaction is observed in these four starches in comparatively few instances. In some it is observed in all four starches, as in the chloral-hydrate reactions; in others, in one, two, or three, as the case may be, as in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, potassium iodide, and sodium hydroxide. In a number of the reactions either a very rapid reaction occurs at once, particularly with the mineral acids, potassium hydroxide, and potassium sulphide, or a very slow reaction, as with barium chloride and mercuric chloride. Both types of reaction may be present, as with potassium sulphocyanate; in other instances there may be various forms of combination and gradation of these types of curves. The courses of the curves are not identical with any two reagents (excepting in the case of nitric acid, sul- phuriec acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydrox- ide, in which it is shown that the reactions occur too quickly for any or at least an entirely satisfactory dif- ferentiation), so that each reagent carries with its reac- tions the stamp of individuality. While in case of some of the charts the curves at first glance may convey the impression of close similarity, as in the reac- tions with sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, copper ni- trate, and cupric chloride, even a superficial examination will show well-defined differences. The parental curves are very nearly alike in their course, but with the im- portant exception that in the sodium-sulphide reactions the Amaryllis curve is the lower, while in the other three reactions it is the higher—a striking difference. The hybrid curves in the four reactions do not correspond in their courses with the peculiarities of the parental curves, and in no two are they identical. The curve of Brunsdonna sandere alba is always the lowest, and the curves of both hybrids show a direct quantitative relationship to the parental curves in so far as when the parental curves are lower the hybrid curves are lower. While the parental curves tend to run closely together the two hybrid curves exhibit some degree of independ- ence, not only of the parents but also of each other. The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the curves are best separated for differential purposes is variable with the different reagents, and in some in- stances no definite time can be stated, owing to extreme rapidity of the reactions, while in other instances state- ments must be made with reserve. Approximately, this period is noted at the end of 3 minutes in the potassium- sulphide reactions; at the end of 5 minutes in the reac- tions with chromic acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, strontium nitrate, and cupric chloride; at the end of 15 minutes in the reactions with chloral hydrate, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and copper nitrate; at the end of 30 minutes in the reactions with pyrogallic acid; and at the end of 60 minutes in the reactions with calcium nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE Hysrips. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrids as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to those of the parents. (Table A land Charts D 1 to D 21.) The reactivities of Brunsdonna sandere alba are the same as those of the seed parent in reactions with polar- 36 ization and iodine, sulphuric acid, and barium chloride ; the same as those of the pollen parent in none; the same as those of both parents in the potassium-hydroxide reaction in which the reactions occur with great rapidity ; intermediate in the temperature reactions and those of chromic acid, potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, and strontium nitrate (in two being closer to the seed parent and in three being mid-intermediate) ; highest in the reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and chloral hy- drate (in two being closer to the pollen parent, and in one closer to the seed parent) ; and lowest in the reac- tions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hy- droxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in four being closer to the seed parent, in eight being closer to the pollen parent, and in one being as close to one as to the other parent). The reactivities of Brunsdonna sander@ are the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions with iodine, temperature, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, strontium nitrate, and barium chloride; the same as those of the pollen parent in none; the same as those of both parents in the potassium-hydroxide reac- tion, in which the reactions occur with great rapidity ; intermediate in the polarization and strontium nitrate (in one being closer to the seed parent and in one being mid-intermediate) ; highest in the reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and chloral hydrate (in two being closer to the seed parent, and in one closer to the pollen parent) ; and lowest in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- phide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in 3 being closer to the seed parent, in 8 closer to the pollen parent, and in 3 being as close to one as to the other parent). The hybrids differ in their parental relationships in the polarization, the safranin and temperature reactions, and in those of chromic acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, strontium nitrate, and cobalt nitrate. In the polarization reactions one is the same as the seed parent, the other intermediate, but nearer the seed parent. In the safranin reactions both are highest, but one closer to the pollen parent and the other to the seed parent. In the temperature reactions one is inter- mediate and closer to the seed parent, and the other the same as the seed parent. In the chromic-acid reactions one is mid-intermediate, and the other the lowest, but closer to the pollen parent. In the potassium-iodide reactions both are the lowest; one is closer to the seed parent, and the other as close to one as to the other parent. In the potassium-sulphide reactions one is mid- intermediate and the other the same as the seed parent. In the sodium-salicylate reactions one is intermediate and closer to the seed parent and the other the same as the seed parent. In the strontium-nitrate reactions both are intermediate, one being mid-intermediate and the other closer to the seed parent. In the cobalt-nitrate reactions both are highest, but one is closer to the pollen parent and the other as close to one as to the other parent. HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. The following table is a summary of the reaction- intensities : B. sande-|B. sande- roe alba. re. Same as seed parent..... 4 6 Same as pollen parent.... 0 0 Same as both parents.... 1 1 Intermediate............ 5 2 DGghe6h: . a veaheviees ads 3 3 | a ee re 13 14 In none of the reactions of either hybrid is the reac- tion the same as that of the pollen parent, while there are 10 reactions of the 52 which are the same as those of the seed parent. The dominating influence of the seed parent, Amaryllis belladonna, on the properties of the starch of the hybrid are well marked. Composite CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section freats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities showing the differentiation of the starches of Amaryllis belladonna, Brunsvigia joseph- ine, Brunsdonna sandere alba, and Brunsdonna sandere. (Chart E 1.) The most conspicuous features of this chart may be summed up as follows: (1) Taking the curves of Amaryllis belladonna as a standard of comparison, it will be noted that the curve of Brunsvigia josephine follows it very closely in the up-and-down courses except in the reactions with pyro- gallic acid, potassium sulphide, and calcium nitrate, here and there crossing in accordance with higher or lower reactivity. Except the three reactions noted and those with uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride, the curves keep close together. These departures indicate species widely separated and belonging either to a given ole or to two closely related genera, in this case the atter. (2) It will be noted that the reactions of Amaryllis belladonna are higher than those of Brunsvigia josephine in polarization and in the reactions with safranin, chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; lower in those with iodine, gentian violet, temperature of gelatinization, pyrogallic acid, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the same or practically the same in those with chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium sulphide, so- dium salicylate, and cobalt nitrate. (3) In Amaryllis belladonna the very high polariza- tion and reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- tassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate; the high reactions with chromic acid, potassium sulphocyanate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride ; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, tempera- ture, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and sodium sul- phide ; the low reactions with cobalt nitrate, and very low reactions with barium chloride and mercuric chloride. (4) In Brunsvigia josephine the very high polariza- tion and reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- AMARYLLIS—BRUNSVIGIA—BRUNSDONNA. chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, so- dium hydroxide, sodium salicylate; the high reactions with iodine, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, potassium sul- phocyanate, and strontium nitrate; moderate reactions with gentian violet, safranin, temperature of gelatiniza- tion, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium ni- trate, and uranium nitrate ; the low reactions with chloral hydrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the very low reactions with barium chloride. (5) In the hybrids Brunsdonna sandere alba and Brunsdonna sandere the very high polarization and reac- tions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, sodium salicy- late, and strontium nitrate; the high reactions with gen- tian violet, safranin, chloral hydrate, and chromic acid ; the moderate reactions with iodine and temperature of gelatinization; the low with potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, and uranium nitrate; and the very low with pyrogallic acid, potassium sulphocya- nate, sodium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very ‘ Moder- Very high. High. ate. ie low. A. belladonna...... 11 5 7 1 2 B. josephing....... 8 5 7 5 1 B. sand. alba....... 8 4 2 4 8 B. sander@......... 8 4 2 4 8 (6) In the curves of the hybrids which show in the first place a very close correspondence with each other, and in the second place a closer correspondence, on the whole, with the curves of Amaryllis belladonna than with those of Brunsvigia josephine, the hybrid curves are for the most part either lower than or practically the same as the Amaryllis curves, in only four instances are the curves higher, and then in an unimportant degree. Notrs oN AMARYLLIS, BRUNSVIGIA, AND BRUNSDONN A. The botanist has assigned Amaryllis belladonna and Brunsvigia josephine to separate genera. Upon the basis of the peculiarities of their starches in their histo- logic properties and reactions with the various agents and reagents, it seems that these species may be regarded as being members of either closely related genera or well- separated species of the same genus, such as represen- tatives of subgenera; but the data are too limited to justify more than speculation. The most remarkable features of these records are: (1) in the hybrids the many extraordinary low or high reactivities, especially the former, that exceed the parental extremes, this being noted in 15 out of the 26 reactions; (2) the absence of sameness of any reaction as that of the pollen parent; (3) the sameness of the reaction as that of the seed parent in 4 reactions of one and 6 reactions of the other hybrid. The marked departures of the hybrid curves shown in excessive or deficient reactivities in comparison with the reactivities of the parents seem to be more sug- gestive of bigeneric parents than of parents belonging to the same genus. 37 BRUNSDONNA TUBERGENI, ETC. This additional matter treats of descriptions of Bruns- donna tubergeni, Amaryllis parkeri, and A. parkert alba (A. belladonna kewensis alba), and comparisons of the starches of B. tubergent, A. parkeri alba, Brunsdonna sandere alba, and B. sandere. Brunsdonna tubergent, A. parkeri, and A. parkert alba are of especial interest in conjunction with the foregoing studies of the Amaryllis-Brunsvigia-Bruns- donna group because: the first is known to be a hybrid of Brunsvigia and Amaryllis; the second is looked upon as being probably a Brunsvigia-Amaryllis hybrid; the third is a variety of the second and is regarded as being the same as A. belladonna kewensis alba, the parentage of which is unknown; and the last two are known hy- brids of Amaryllis-Brunsvigia, but without positive knowledge of the direction of the cross. Appertaining to the foregoing, the following data appeared in The Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1909, xiv, 57; 1911, L, 210: Brunsdonna tubergenit: Mr. C. G. Tubergen, Jr., thus de- scribes the circumstances of a cross between Brunvigia josephine and Amaryllis belladonna: Principally with a view of ascertaining the parentage of the Kew variety of Amaryllis belladonna (see illustration in The Garden, November 19, 1898; also notes in The Gardeners’ Chronicle, February 9, 1901, etc.), in the autumn of 1892 I artificially impregnated Brunsvigia josephine with the pollen of Amaryllis belladonna. Seeds formed freely, as the two gen- era, Brunsvigia and Amaryllis, are very nearly related. As could be foreseen, with slow-growing Brunsvigia josephine as the female parent, a long time had to elapse before the seedling plants would be strong enough to reach flowering size. After 16 years of patient waiting, two of the strongest bulbs pro- duced flower-spikes in September of last year. When the hybrid plants had been growing for a few seasons it became evident that they differed in habit from the Kew variety of Amaryllis belladonna, which produces a leaf-stem of about 4 inches high, whereas my hybrids all bear the character of Brunsvigia josephine in the foliage, leaves being formed di- rectly above the neck of the bulbs. The infusion of belladonna blood is clearly shown in the bulbs, as these resemble those of the belladonna and produce offsets freely, whilst Brunsvigia never produces offsets. A comparison of the supplementary illustration, which was drawn by Mr. Worthington Smith from the inflorescensce sent from my garden, with the engraving in the Garden above cited, leads to the conclusion that the Kew plant can no longer be regarded as a hybrid between these spe- cies, unless it was a cross effected in the reverse way, taking Amaryllis belladona as the female plant. In that case the variety blanda must have been used, it being the only variety of A. belladonna known which produces a leaf-stem. The color of the flowers of my hybrid was a clear, deep rose, suffused with carmine. A single spike produced 22 flowers. Amaryllis parkeri (hyb.). This is assumed to be a hybrid between Brunsvigia josephine and Amaryllis belladonna. It differs in the form of the umbel from A. belladonna, being quite circular and carrying some 30 flowers and buds. The flowers are of a deep rose shade, with white and orange at the base and orange-colored on the exterior of the tube. It is distinct from the ordinary A. belladonna, possesses greater vigor, and has a stem some 8 feet in length. This plant is almost identical with the plant known as the Kew variety of A. belladonna, which is also A. parkeri, being the same cross and varying only in being a better rose color with less orange shade. Mr. Hud- son informed us that his Amaryllis was shown as A. bella- donna “Kew variety,” because it was received under this name from an amateur cultivator in New Zealand some six years ago. This is the first season of flowering at Gunnersberry House. It may prove to be Mr Van Tubergen’s plant, which he obtained from crossing Brunsvigia with Amaryllis bella- donna. Mr. Tubergen’s hybrid formed the subject of a sup- blementary illustration in The Gardeners’ Chronicle, January ‘ : 38 Amaryllis parkeri alba. This plant is evidently a variety of A. parkeri. It possesses a fine umbel, a large number of flowers almost pure white but with the same orange shading at the base as in the flower described above. It is a most strik- ing and distinct novelty. The origin was not stated, but every- thing points to the same cross. This was shown as A. bella- ace kewenis alba by Mr. Worsley, Mandeville House, Isle- worth. Brunsdonna sandere alba. In this case the umbel resembled typical A. belladonna in formation, being one-sided rather than globular. This plant is also the result of a cross between Bruns- vigia and Amaryllis belladonna, but there is not sufficient in- formation to determine whether the parentage is the same as in the case of A. parker. Comparative examinations of a preliminary character were made of the starches of A. parkeri alba, Bruns- donna tubergem, Brunsdonna sandere alba, and B. san- dere, as follows: Histologic Properties.—All of these starches are alike in that all have very few compound grains which consist of two components, and all have very few aggregates which usually are in the form of doublets of equal size, but occasionally as triplets that are linearly arranged. The grains of A. parkeri alba and of Brunsdonna san- dere alba, and B. sanderw have about the same degree of irregularity of surface, while those of B. tubergem are much more irregular than the preceding, the irregu- larities in all being due to the same causes. The con- spicuous forms of the grains of A. parkeri alba and of B. sandere alba and B. sanderw are very much alike, but those of the first are more slender and elongated than those of the two latter. The grains of B. tuber- gent are, as a rule, intermediate in slenderness between those of A. parker and B. sandere alba, and B. sandere, but closer to those of the latter; and there is a conspic- uousness of elliptical, irregularly triangular, and nearly round grains. The hila of the grains of A. parkeri alba and those of B. sandere alba and B. sandere show the same degree of distinctness, and in all three more distinctness than in B. tubergeni. The eccen- tricity is about the same in all four starches. The lamelle of A. parkeri alba and B. tubergent are more distinct and more often coarse than those of B. san- dere alba and B. sandere, otherwise they are prac- tically the same in all four starches except that in B. tubergent, in which they are somewhat more often irreg- ular than in the others. In size the grains of B. sandere alba and B. sandere are smallest, those of A. parkeri alba intermediate, and those of B. tubergeni largest ; but there are no marked differences. Polariscopic Properties——The polariscopic figure is very nearly the same in all four starches, but it is more often irregular in B. tubergent than in the others. The degree of polarization is practically the same in all of the starches. Iodine Reactions —With 0.25 per cent Lugol’s solu- tion A. parkeri alba, B. sandere alba, and B. sandere color about equally and from 3 to 5 units more than B. tubergent. Antline Reactions—With gentian violet A. parkeri alba, B. sandere alba, and B. sandere color about the same and about 5 units less than B. tubergeni. With safranin the results are practically the same as the fore- going, but there is somewhat less variation of coloring of the grains of B. tubergent than of the starches. HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. The temperatures of gelatinization are as follows (degrees) : Majority at— | Complete at— | Mean. A. parkeri alba..........-| 71.5 74.2 to 76 75.1 B. sand. alba..... 70 to 71.5 71.5 to 73 72.25 B. sandere.... 70 to 71.5 72 to 72.5 72.75 B. tubergeni.. . 62 to 63.5 64 to 65.5 64.75 A. belladonna. . ..-| 70 to 71 72.5 to 73 Tae B. josephine............. 65 to 66 70 to72 71 The reaction of A. parkert alba with sulphuric acid begins immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 3 per cent of the entire number of grains and 10 per cent of the total starch in 15 seconds; in about 70 per cent of the grains and 80 per cent of the total starch in 30 seconds; in about 96 per cent of the grains and 98 per cent of the total starch in 45 seconds; and in about 99 per cent of the grains and over 99 per cent of the total starch in 1 minute. The reactions of Bruns- donna sandere alba and B. sandere with sulphuric acid are given on pages 389 and 394, Part II, and Chart D 5. The reactions of Brunsdonna tubergena with sul- phuric acid begin immediately. Complete gelatiniza- tion occurs in about 80 per cent of the entire number of grains and 90 per cent of the total starch in 30 sec- onds; in about 99 per cent of the grains and in more than 99 per cent of the total starch in 45 seconds; and in 100 per cent of the starch in 1 minute. The reaction of A. parkeri alba with potassium iodide begins in a few grains in 30 seconds. Complete gela- tinization occurs in about 1 per cent of the entire num- ber of grains and 65 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 20 per cent of the grains and 75 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes; in about 32 per cent of the grains and 88 per cent of the total starch in 30 minutes; in about 52 per cent of the grains and 90 per cent of the total starch in 45 minutes; and with little if any further advance in 60 minutes. The reactions of B. sandere alba and B. sandera with potassium iodide are given on pages 389 and 394, Part II, and Chart D 8. The reaction of B. tubergeni with potassium iodide begins immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in 59 per cent of the entire number of grains and 95 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; in about 95 per cent of the grains and in more than 99 per cent of the total starch in 15 minutes. The reaction of A. parkeri alba with sodium hydrox- ide begins immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 50 per cent of the entire number of grains and 92 per cent of the total starch in 2 minutes; in about 81 per cent of the grains and 97 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes; and in about 97 per cent of the grains and over 99 per cent of the total starch in 10 minutes. The reactions of Brunsdonna sandere alba and B. sandere with sodium hydroxide are given on pages 390 and 395, Part II, and Chart D 11. The reaction of Brunsdonna tubergent with sodium hydroxide begins immediately. Complete gelatinization occurs in about 84 per cent of the entire number of grains and 97 per cent of the total starch in 5 minutes. The most important questions here involved are: (1) AMARYLLIS—BRUNSVIGIA—-BRUNSDONNA. Do the properties of Brunsdonna tubergem, Brunsdonna sandere alba, and Brunsdonna sandere indicate that these hybrids are the offspring of the same cross or of reciprocal crosses; and (2) what are the indications of the probable parentage of Amaryllis parkeri alba? The starch of Brunsdonna tubergent has in compari- son with the starch of B. sandere alba and B. sandere certain properties that are closely similar or identical and others that are more or less markedly dissimilar, the latter much predominating. The grains of the for- mer are more irregular, and more slender and elongated ; the hila are less distinct; the lamelle are more distinct, more often coarse, and more often irregular; the grains are larger. In the polariscopic properties there are not any conspicuous differences except that the figures tend to be more irregular. In the iodine reactions the coloration is distinctly less. In the aniline reactions with both gentian violet and safranin the coloration is more marked. In most of the foregoing instances the starch of B. tubergent does not differ more from the starches of B. sandere alba and B. sandere than do the latter from each other. In the temperatures of gelatinization the figure for B. tubergeni is 64.76°, or a difference approximately of 7.5° less than the temperatures of the parental starches, these being 72.7° and 71°, re- spectively. The temperatures for B. sandere alba and B. sandere are 72.25° and 72.75°, respectively. It will be noted that while the temperature for the parental starches differ only 1.7°, that of B. tubergeni differs from that of the pollen parent (A. belladonna) %.94°, and from that of the seed parent (B. josephine) 6.24°; and that the temperatures for B. sandere alba and B. sandere and their parents differ very little, mostly within the narow limits of error of experiment. The very low temperature for B. tubergent on the one hand and the marked closeness of all of the temperatures for B. san- dere alba and B. sanderw and their parents on the other indicate quite conclusively that B. tubergeni and B. sandere alba must have arisen from reciprocal crosses. This conclusion is substantiated by the records (not- withstanding their limitation) of the reactions with chemical reagents. The reactions of all of the starches with sulphuric acid occur with such rapidity that no satisfactory differentiation is possible, but with both potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide there are marked and distinctly diagnostic differences. In reactions with potassium iodide the starch of B. tubergeni exhibits a somewhat higher reactivity than the starch of either parent, while on the other hand the starches of B. sandere alba and B. sandere show very much lower reactivities, not nearly so much of the latter being gelatinized at the end of an hour as there is in case of the B. tubergeni and parental starches in 5 minutes. It is also to be noted. that during the progress of gelatinization the curves of B. sandere alba and B. sandere tend to pursue the same course, they being separated at and after the 5-minute interval by about 10 points. In the sodium hydroxide reactions similar results are recorded, the reactivity of the starch of B. tubergeni being very high and closely corresponding to the reactivities of the parental starches, but slightly higher than either, while the reactivities of the starches of B. sandere alba and B. sandere are both moderate, the reactivity of the former being distinctly lower than that of the latter. 39 There were studied in this research three groups of parental and hybrid starches in each of which were in- cluded two hybrids of the same cross, and it is of inter- est to note to what degrees in general the members of each pair compare with each other and with their parents and how these peculiarities compare with those of the Brunsdonne hybrids and their parents. Examining first the temperatures of gelatinization and taking up the Nerwne crispa-elegans-dainty matd-queen of roses group (page 165) it will be seen that the temperature of the hy- brids differ only 1.3° and that they are intermediate between the parental temperatures, which latter differ 5.2°; in the Nerine bowdeni-sarniensis var. corusca major-giantess-abundance group the temperatures of the hybrids differ 3.35° and both are lower than either of the parental temperatures, these differing 3.9°; and in the Narcissus poeticus-poeticus poetarum-poeticus herrick- poeticus dante group the temperatures of the hybrids differ 2°, that of one being intermediate between the parental temperatures and the other practically the same as that of the seed parent, while the parental tempera- tures differ 5.5°, that of the seed parent being the higher. The temperatures of each of these pairs of hybrids keep close together and close to the temperatures of the parents, as in the case of Brunsdonna sandere alba and B. sandere, with wider variations in the former than in the latter, but there is no suggestion of a wide departure, such as is found in B. tubergeni, this latter indicating either difference in parentage or in the direction of the cross from that of the other Brunsdonne. In the reactions of the members of these groups with potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide corresponding characteristics have been recorded, that is, that the two starches of each group show close reaction-intensities. In the potassium iodide reactions of the Nerine crispa- elegans-dainty maid-queen of roses group, those of the hybrids are very much alike and, on the whole, inter- mediate between those of the parents; and in the Nerine bowdent-sarniensis var. corusca major-giantess-abundance group, while those of the hybrids are low and differ dis- tinctly, at least one and probably both tend to interme- diateness, and one takes more after the seed parent and the other more after the pollen parent. In the sodium- hydroxide reactions, in the first group those of the hy- brids are not only very close but also close to those of the parents ; and in the second group those of the hybrids are very close and lower than those of the parents. It will be seen that in the reactions of each of the several pairs of hybrids there are no such departures of the reactions of each of the couples as are observed in the case of Brunsdonna tubergent compared with B. sandere alba and B. sandere. From the description of B. tuber- gent this hybrid is more closely related in its properties to Brunsvigia josephine than to Amaryllis belladonna, while the data of B. sandere alba and B. sandere indi- cate that, on the whole, both of these hybrids show a closer relationship to A. belladonna than to B. joseph- ime—in other words, in each case the hybrid is more closely related to the seed parent. These data also give a clue as to the probable origin of Amaryllis parkeri alba. The starch of this plant throughout the histologic and polariscopic properties and the iodine and aniline reactions, with rare exceptions, exhibits a much closer relationship to Brunsdonna san- 40 dere alba and B. sandere than to B. tubergeni; in the temperature reactions it differs little from those of B. sandere alba and B. sandere, but much from those of B. tubergeni; while in the potassium-iodide and sodium- hydroxide reactions it is closer to B. tubergeni than to the other hybrids. From the foregoing it seems obvious that this plant is not to be identified with either B. tuber- gent or the sandere hybrids, although closely related. It seems probable, as suggested by Tubergen, that the parentage of A. parkeri on the Amaryllis side was A. belladonna var. blanda (A. blanda Gawl)—the histo- logic and polariscopic properties and the iodine, aniline, and temperature reactions pointing to the same direction of the cross as of B. sandere alba and B. sandere, while the potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide reactions indicate a cross in the opposite direction ; but the tem- perature reaction alone is almost if not conclusive. Addi- tional studies of the reactions would undoubtedly make absolutely positive the direction of the cross if A. parkert is a hybrid. 2, CoMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF HIPPEASTRUM Titan, H. cLeonrIA, anD H. TITAN-CLEONIA. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reag- ents these three starches are very much alike. The starch of Hippeastrum cleonia is distinguished from that of the other parent chiefly in the larger number of com- pound grains and aggregates; the presence of isolated grains each having a large pressure facet; more round- ness but greater irregularity of the grains ; somewhat less fissuration and less eccentricity of the hilum; more dis- tinct and more regular lamelle ; somewhat larger average size of the grains; larger number of double and multiple polariscopic figures; greater frequency of equality of size, less frequency of irregularity of shape, and less often purity of color of the quadrants in the selenite reaction ; and some slight differences in qualitative reactions with iodine. The starch of the hybrid is in form, hilum, and polariscopic figure more closely related to the seed parent; and in distinctness and regularity of the lamella, size, and iodine reactions more closely related to the other parent. In the selenite reactions certain properties lean to one or the other parent. A given character may appear more conspicuously in the hybrid than in either parent. The qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate are closer to those of seed parent. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: H. titan, high to very high, value 83. H. cleonia, high to very high, lower than in H. titan, value 80. H. titan-cleonia, high to very high, higher than in either parent, value 85. Todine: Hi. titan, moderate, value 52. H. cleonia, moderately deep, deeper than in H. titan, value 55. H. titan-cleonia, moderate to deep, deeper than in the parents, value 58. Gentian violet: H. titan, moderately light to light, value 45. H. cleonia, moderate, deeper than in H. titan, value 50. H. titan-cleonia, moderate, the same as in H. cleonia, value 50. Safranin: H. titan, moderate, value 50. H. cleonia, moderate, u little deeper than in H.titan , value 55. H. titan-cleonia, moderate, the same as in H. cleonia, value 55. Temperature of gelatinization: H. titan, in majority at 74 to 75°, in all but rare grains at 77 to 77.5°, mean 77.25°. H. cleonia, in majority at 71 to 73°, in all but rare grains at 73 to 74°, mean 73.5°. H. titan-cleonia, in majority at 72 to 74°, in all but rare grains at 73 to 74°, mean 73.6°. HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. The reactivity of Hippeastrum titan is higher than that of Hippeastrum cleonia in the polarization reaction, and lower in the reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature. The hybrid shows in the polarization and iodine reactions the highest reactivi- ties of all three starches; in the reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and temperature the same reactivities as those of Hippeastrum cleonia, all three reactions being higher than the corresponding reactions of the other parent. Table A 2 shows the reaction intensities in per- centages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Hippeastrum titan, H. cleonia, and H. titan-cleonia, showing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time-inter- vals. (Charts D 22 to D 42.) Among the conspicuous features of these charts are: (1) The closeness of the curves of the three starches in all of the reactions. The reactions are so slow with potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, co- balt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chlo- ride, and mercuric chloride that there is almost if not absolutely no differentiation. Omitting the foregoing reactions, the curve of Hippeastrum titan is higher than that of the other parent in the reactions with chromic acid and sulphuric acid, and lower in those with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium hydrox- ide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and so- dium salicylate, indicating, on the whole, a lower reac- tivity of this starch. (2) The curves of the hybrid show marked variations in their parental relationships, with as much of a ten- dency to be higher or lower than the parental curves as to intermediateness. In a few reactions the curves are the same as those of the seed parent or of the pollen parent, and in about one-third they are the same as the parental curves. (See following section.) (3) In most of the charts in which there was a mod- erate to rapid reactivity there are indications of an early period of comparatively marked resistance. (4) The best period during the 60 minutes for the differentiation of the three starches is variable, and in case of all the very slow reactions and including those with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium sulphocya- nate, and sodium hydroxide, the curves are best separated, if at all, at the end of 60 minutes. This period is noted at the end of 15 minutes in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sulphuric acid, potassium hydrox- ide, and sodium salicylate; at the end of 30 minutes with hydrochloric acid; and at the end of 60 minutey with the other reagents. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HyYsRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 2 and Charts D 22 to D 42.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions with sodium sulphide and strontium nitrate; the same as those of the pollen parent with gentian violet, safranin, and temperature; the same as those of both parents with potassium sul- phide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, in all of which the reactions are ex- ceedingly slow; intermediate with nitric acid, hydro- chlorie acid, potassium iodide and potassium sulpho- HIPPEASTRUM. TaBLe A 2. ijldilg a{da@ida]/a]e8]é Alero leleiaislelais Chloral hydrate: H. titan............ us 6| 21 31 34 | 36 H. cleonia........... 8 | 30 44 50 | 55 H. titan-cleonia 5114 21 25 | 29 Chromic acid: By Ait atie asserts 4/97/..].. H. cleonia........... ys 3/80/99]..].. H. titan-cleonia...... 8 3 | 50 | 85 | 95 | 97 Pyrogallic acid: Ele AAD oe fake oo das ~ 6 | 65 86] .. | 90] 97 H. cleonia.......... on 7|70 90 95 | 98 H. titan-cleonia.....| .. 5 | 55 75 88 | 97 Nitric acid: H. titan. ........... 2| 9 40 48 | 53 H. cleonia 3} 25 49 60 | 75 H. titan-cleonia...... 3 | 22 42 53 | 62 Sulphuric acid: A, Vth. cc aean acca - 60 | 90 99 Hy ClgOnia.. cickaaen| ys 50 | 88 98 H. titan-cleonia 62 | 96 99 Hydrochloric acid H. titan. ........... Pe 2| 23 28 43 | 58 H. cleonia.......... an 4148 74 78 | 83 H. titan-cleonia.....].. 6|28|.. | 49 57 | 62 Potassium hydroxide: Ai, titan ses, 6 ides sasetas 6 | 35 48 54 | 56 H. cleonia.......... % 19 | 48 58 63 | 65 H. titan-cleonia...... ey 20 | 60 67 72) 76 Potassium iodide: Hy, titatisecseisseas | ss 0.5)... 2 4| 8 H. cleonia..........].. «| €@) 6 8 10/15 H. titan-cleonia...... re 10.5) 2 4 6110 Potassiumsulphocyanate H. titan............ 4| 5 13 43 46 H. cleonia.......... we 21 8 22 54 | 60 H. titan-cleonia.....|.. 2| & 20 39 | 56 Potassium sulphide: Be Bisex deniea aie 5 a .(0.5).. 1 1 H. cleonia..........].. 10.54 1 2 3 H. titan-cleonia...... o (0.5) 1 rae 1 Sodium hydroxide: Fates nusaw eas ay 1|] 5]. 15 22 | 24 H. cleonia..........].. 1] 5].. | 23 25 | 28 H. titan-cleonia...... Be 1) Bh ve |S 40 | 49 Sodium sulphide: H, titan. ........... e% . {0.5} 1 2 eh oe H. cleonia “igs sed .| 21 5 y 10/13 H. titan-cleonia.....|.. . (0.5) 1 is a 3 Sodium salicylate: H. titan............ a 10 | 57 98 H. cleonia..........]).. 16} 85 WO claw bes H. titan-cleonia...... a 4/55 94]... 1100) .. Calcium nitrate: cs ore . (0.5)... 1 ea | 2 H. cleonia meres (nee 0.5] 1 ie 2/ 3 H. titan-cleonia.....| .. OS x. 2 on ee Uranium nitrate: He titan cece te ialees|es = ry ee ee 2 pe aes H. cleonia.......... ae . (0.5) 2 2 3) 3 H. titan-cleonia...... “4 Lt ais eee 2); 2 Strontium nitrate: bass 1 eee eee 0.5} 1 2 5] 7 H. cleonia.......... he Bl as 5 8/16 H. titan-cleonia.....| .. 0.5) 1 3 5| 7 Cobalt nitrate: Fiititanscinccscccuw s .(0.5).. 1 1 H. cleonia.......... ya . |0.5] 1 2 2 H. titan-cleonia.....|.. 0.5] 1 es 1 Copper nitrate: He tilativescexakvaes iy 4 . {0.5} 2 aie 2 H. cleonia..........].- a ees ee 2 2 H. titan-cleonia.....|.. . {0.5} 2 vit 2 Cupric chloride: FA AaB nuance sane ee ,/Ob) 2 sis spare H, eleonias ccxceccce| e+ , |OB) ss 1 vel 2 H. titan-cleonia.....|.. . (0.5 1 2| 2 Barium chloride: H, titan. ..........- . (0.5 . 10.5 H. cleonia iia e's 0.5 0.5 H. titan-cleonia.....|.. 0.5 0.5 Mercuric chloride: Be titans .oiccccescees (0.5) 1 Dilis ell eee |. H. cleonia secsck|| 43 . |0.5].. Ae |S) T H. titan-cleonia.....|.. . (0.5 ee | 2| 2 41 cyanate (in one being closer to the seed parent and in three mid-intermediate); highest with polarization, iodine, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide (in two being closer to the seed parent and in three closer to the pollen parent) ; and lowest with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and so- dium salicylate (in three being closer to the seed parent and in one closer to the pollen parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-inten- sities: Same as seed parent, 2; same as pollen parent, 3; same as both parents, 8; intermediate, 4; highest, 5; lowest, 4. The seed parent shows a stronger influence than the pollen parent on the characters of the starch of the hybrid. Composite CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. The following section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities showing the differentiation - of the starches of Hippeastrum titan, H. cleonia, and H. titan-cleonia. (Chart F 2.) Among the conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The closeness of all three curves, indicating a very close relationship. of all three starches and plant- sources. (2) The generally lower position of the curve of Hippeastrum titan in relation to the curve of the other parent, it being lower in the reactions with iodine, gen- tian violet, safranin, temperature, chloral hydrate, pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium ni- trate ; higher with polarization and chromic acid ; and the same or practically the same with sulphuric acid, potas- sium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, ura- nium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (3) The curve of Hippeastrum titan is very high in the polarization and chromic-acid reactions; high with sulphuric acid and sodium salicylate; moderate with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid ; low with temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric, and potassium hydroxide; very low with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (4) The curve of Hippeastrum cleonia is very high in the polarization and chromic-acid reactions ; high with pyrogallic acid, sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate; moderate in the iodine, gentian violet, and safranin; and low with temperature, chloral hydrate, nitric acid, hydro- chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium sulpho- cyanate; and very low with potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) The curve of the hybrid is very high in the polarization and sulphuric-acid reactions; high with chromic acid and sodium salicylate; moderate with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid; low with temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium hydroxide, and potassium sulphocyanate; and very low with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. 42 r The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ies: Very ‘ Moder- Very high. High ate. Low. low. H. titan........... 2 2 4 4 14 H. cleonia......... 2 3 3 6 12 H. titan-cleonia.... 2 2 4 5 13 3. CoMPARISONS OF THE STaRcHES OF H1IPPEASTRUM ossuLTAN, H. pyrrua, anp H. ossuLTAN-PYRRUA. In the histologic characteristics and polariscopic fig- ures, reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reagents the three starches are closely alike. The starch of H. pyrrha in comparison with that of the seed parent has fewer compound grains and aggregates, more single grains with one or more pressure facets, and more irregularities of the grains; quently and more extensively fissured and is more eccen- tric; the lamelle are distinct in a larger number of grains, but as a rule less in number; the size as a rule is less, but the proportions of length to breadth are the same; and the polariscopic figures, reactions with sele- nite, and the qualitative reactions with iodine show minor differences which in the aggregate are of account in differentiation of the starches. The starch of the hybrid closely resembles those of the parents. It is closer to that of the seed parent in size of the grains and number of the lamelle, but closer to the pollen parent in the form of the grains, fissuration and eccentricity of the hilum, and character of the lamelle. In the qualitative polarization and iodine reactions it is closer to the seed parent. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, and potassium sulphocyanate it is more like that of the seed parent, while in the nitric-acid and sodium-salicylate reactions more like that of the other parent. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: H. ossultan, high to very high, value 83. H. pyrrha, high to very high, higher than in H. ossultan, value 85. H. ossult.-pyrh, high to very high, higher than in either parent, value 87. Iodine: H. ossultan, moderately light to moderate, value 45. H. pyrrha, moderate to moderately deep, deeper than in H. ossul- tan, value 55. H. ossult.-pyrh., moderately light to moderately deep, and inter- mediate between the parents, value 50. Gentian violet: H. ossultan, moderate, value 50. H. pyrrha, moderately light to moderately deep, lighter than in H. ossultan, value 48. H. ossult.-pyrh., moderate to moderately deep, deeper than in either parent, value 53. Safranin: H. ossultan, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. H. pyrrha, moderate, lighter than in H. ossultan, value 50. H. ossult.-pyrh., moderate to moderately deep, deeper than in either parent, value 58. Temperature of gelatinization: H. ossultan, in majority at 73 to 74°, in all except rare grains at 75 to 76°, mean 75.5°. H. pyrrha, in majority at 71 to 73°, in all except rare grains at 73 to 74°, mean 73.5°. H. ossult.-pyrh., in majority at 70 to 72°, in all but rare grains at 72 to 73°, mean 72.5°. The reactivities of H. ossultan are lower than those of the other parent in the polarization, iodine, and temperature reactions and higher in those of gentian violet and safranin. The reactivities of the hybrid are higher than those of either parent in the polarization, gentian-violet, safranin and temperature reactions, and the hilum is more fre-- HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. TaBLe A 38. slealgi¢gl@)laia| ala a 21 bee ela eS Chloral hydrate: H. ossultan..........-- ae 7 | 27 37 | 421 45 By pyr rh asic ois a gerae ce aoe 3) 19 28 | 39 | 42 H. ossult.-pyrh......... Fi 4| 26 36 | 40 | 43 Chromic acid: Hz ossultan. ce vee cnsss] ie 1| 25 | 96 | 99 HH. pyrrha...... ee ee ee a 1] 20 | 90 | 99 H. ossult.-pyrh.......-- oe 1 | 45 | 96 | 99 Pyrogallic acid: H. ossultan...........- oi 10 | 67 80 | 90} 95 Fi, peyrrliaecs. cence ene ed 5| 80 89 | 92 | 96 H. ossult.-pyrh......... 20 | 85 93 | 96 | 98 Nitric acid: H. ossultan...........- 4/17 30 | 43 | 56 H. pyrrha.......-.-.-- 2) 6 16 | 33 | 50 H. ossult.-pyrh......... 2/19 40 | 65 | 67 Sulphuric acid: H. ossultan.........--- ar 45 '95 99 H. pyrrha.......-.--5- _ 70 | 96 99 H. ossult.-pyrh........- 40195 99 Hydrochloric acid: H. ossultan...........- ye 5} 40 62 | 75 | 86 H. pyrrha.. gages as 5|41 70 | 80 | 88 H. ossult. ~pyth. . EL drags bis fe | 6 | 50 82] 89/91 Potassium hydroxide: Hi ossultaaa vn cone ei aes 14/50 62 | 69 | 73 H. pyrrha ss ese eee = 8/51 72 | 74 | 765 H. ossult.-pyrh........- is 20 | 54 74176|78 Potassium iodide: H. ossultan.........--- .| 4]11 19 | 21 | 23 H. pyrrha......--.+--- . 10.5] & 7/11/17 H. ossult.-pyrh......... 3/10 20 | 25 | 33 Potassium eae H. ossultan . ern ee 4/10 34 | 48 | 64 H. pyrrha.......-.-4- cis 21 6 25 | 46 | 61 H. ossult.-pyrh......... ite 3110 48 |611!70 Potassium sulphide: Bi, Oss0ta co, ape adgaaa | yy 10.54 1 3/ 4) 4 Hy pyrela, s covaceese . (0.5 aes 2 H. ossult.-pyrh......... rv » (06 1 1 Barium chloride: H. ossultan............ on . 10.5 1] 2] 3 Ss or en . (0.5 - 0.6 H. ossult.-pyrh......... . 10.5 - 0.5 Mercuric chloride: A. ossultan. cscscancaas o) os + 105 1] 2/2 Hy pyrrha.: i acccncews vas) so Secs .. 10.6 H. ossult.-pyrh......... 0.5 1] 4 HIPPEASTRUM. mid-intermediate in the reaction with iodine. In the polarization and temperature reactions it is closer to the pollen parent, and in the gentian-violet and safranin reactions closer to the seed parent. Table A 3 shows the reaction-intensities in percen- tages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Hippeastrum ossultan, H. pyrrha, and H. ossultan-pyrrha, showing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time- intervals. (Charts D 43 to D 63.) The conspicuous features of these charts do not differ in many respects from those of the preceding set. (1) The curves of all three starches are in all of the reactions close and, on the whole, about the same as regards the extent of separation as in the first set, in some reactions there being a little more separation and in others less. In most of the reactions there is a ten- dency for a slightly higher reactivity than in the H. titan-cleonia set. Many of the reactions are so slow that there is no important if any differentiation, as in those with potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium -chloride, and mercuric chloride. (2) Omitting these very slow reactions, the curve of H. ossultan is in the remaining 11 reactions higher than the corresponding curve of the other parent in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate ; and lower in those with pyrogallic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide. (3) The curves of the hybrid bear varying relations to the parental curves, with very little tendency to same- ness in relation to the seed parent and none to the pollen parent; with little tendency to intermediateness or to being the lowest of the three curves; with a marked tendency to be the highest of the three; and with a ten- dency to sameness as both parents in the reactions that take place with marked slowness. (See the following section. ) (4) An early period of comparatively high resistance is noticed especially in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potas- sium sulphocyanate; the opposite with potassium hy- droxide and sodium salicylate. (5) The best period for the differentiation of the three starches is in case of the very slow reactions above referred to at the end of the 60 minutes, but in some of them even at this time there is very little or no differ- ence. The curves appear to be best separated at 5 min- utes in the reactions with sulphuric acid, potassium hy- droxide, and sodium salicylate; at 15 minutes with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and so- dium hydroxide; at 30 minutes with nitric acid, hydro- chloric acid, and potassium sulphocyanate. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE Hysrip. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 3 and Charts D 43 to D 63.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent with sulphuric acid, sodium sulphide, and uranium nitrate; the same as those of the pollen parent in none; the same as those of both parents with potassium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium 43 chloride, and mercuric chloride; intermediate with iodine, chloral hydrate, and sodium hydroxide (in the first being mid-intermediate and in the last two nearer the seed parent) ; highest with polarization, gentian vio- let, safranin, temperature, chromic acid, nitric acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, and potassium sulphocyanate (in six being closer to the seed parent and in five being closer to the pollen parent) ; and the lowest with sodium salicy- late, it being in these nearer the pollen parent. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 3; same as pollen parent, 0; same as both parents, 9; intermediate, 3; highest, 11; lowest, 1. In not a single reaction is there sameness in relation to the pollen parent, and the stronger influence of the seed parent on the properties of the hybrid is quite marked. Intermediateness is rather exceptional, a ten- dency to the lowest reactivity very exceptional, and a tendency to the highest reactivity very marked. CoMPOSITE CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of composite curves of the reac- tion-intensities showing the differentiation of the starches of Hippeastrum ossultan, H. pyrrha, and H. ossultan-pyrrha. (Chart E 3.) Among the conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The remarkable closeness of all three curves, the differences for the most part being insignificant or actually falling within the limits of error of experiment, showing an extreme botanical closeness of the parents and extremely little variance of the hybrid from the parents. The only reactions in which the parents are readily differentiated are those with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, chromic acid, and sodium salicylate, and even in these the differences are without exception of a minor degree. (2) In this curve of H. ossultan compared with that of H. pyrrha the reactivities are shown to be distinctly higher in the reactions with gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, and sodium salicylate, and lower with polarization, iodine, and temperature. In the other in- stances the differences are unimportant or even negligible excepting in so far as they tend to indicate a generally slightly higher reactivity of H. ossultan. (3) In H. ossultan the very high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate, the moderate reactions with iodine, safranin, gentian violet, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium hydroxide, and potassium sulphocyanate; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulphite, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, co- balt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (4) In H. pyrrha the very high reactions with polari- zation, sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate; the high reactions with chromic acid, the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphocyanate; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) In the hybrid the very high reactions with polar- ization, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, pyrogallic acid, and sodium salicylate; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, and hydrochloric 44 acid; the low reactions with nitric acid, potassium hy- droxide, and potassium sulphocyanate; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium iodide, potas- sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, cal- cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. i The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ies: Very . Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low. low. H. ossultan....... 4 0 4 5 13 H. pyrrha,........ 3 1 4 5 13 H. ossult.-pyrh..... 5 (0) 5 3 13 4, CoMPARISONS OF THE StarcueEs oF HippEastRUM pmHonss, H, zepuyr, anp H. p#oNnES-zEPHYR. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reag- ents the starches of the parents exhibit properties in common and certain individualities, but generally a very close correspondence throughout. The grains of H. zephyr in comparison with those of the seed parent are found to include less numbers of aggregates and com- pounds; they are free from the long, narrow finger-like grains found in the latter; they are more regular, the protuberances being less numerous and not so large. The hilum is less distinct and less frequently fissured. The lamelle are less distinct, less fine, and less in num- ber. The common size is about the same, but the large grains show some differences in ratio of length to breadth. The polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reac- tions exhibit some minor differences. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents contains’a relatively larger number of aggregates and compounds but none of the long, narrow finger-like grains found in H. deones but not in H. zephyr. The hilum is more frequently fissured than in either parent, and in character and eccentricity it is closer to H. deones. The lamelle in character and number are nearer to H. d@ones. The common size of the grains is somewhat less than in either parent, and the size of the larger grains approaches nearer that of H. zephyr. In the qualitative polariscopic properties the leaning is in certain respects toward one parent and in other respects toward the other, and in the selenite reactions there is development of properties in excess of the development in the parents, with a lean- ing closer to the pollen parent. The qualitative iodine reactions are closer to H. zephyr. In the qualitative chemical reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, po- tassium iodide, and potassium sulphocyanate the hybrid is closer to H. deones, while in the sodium-salicylate reactions the relationship to the two parents is of equal degree. Reaction-intensities Hapressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: H. dezones, high to very high, value 80. H. zephyr, high to very high, little higher than in H. dmones, value 83. H. deon. zeph., high to very high, higher than in the parents, value 85. Iodine: H. dzones, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. H. zephyr, moderate, less than in H. dgones, value 50. H. deon.-zeph., moderate, same as in H. zephyr, value 50. Gentian violet: H. dzones, moderate to moderately deep, value 58. H. zephyr, moderate to moderately deep, lighter than in H. drones, value 55. H. deon.-zeph., moderate, lighter than in either parent, value 50. HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. Safranin: H. dwones, moderate to moderately deep, value 55. H. zephyr, moderate to moderately deep, the same asin H, deones, value 55. H. dzon.-zeph., moderate to moderately deep, the same as in both parents, value 55. Temperature: H. deones, in majority at 72.5 to 74°, in all but rare grains at 74 to 75°, mean 74.5°. H. zephyr, in the majority at 72 to 73°, in all but rare grains at 73 to 75°, mean 74°. H. dexon.-zeph., in the majority at 72 to 73, in all but rare grains at 72 to 73°, mean 72.5°, The reactivities of H. dwones are lower than those of the other parent in the polarization and temperature reactions, higher in the iodine and gentian-violet reac- tions, and the same in the safranin reaction. The reac- tivities of the hybrid are higher than those of either parent in the polarization and temperature reactions, lower than that of either parent in the gentian-violet reaction, the same as that of the pollen parent in the iodine reaction, and the same as those of both parents in the safranin reactions. On the whole the inclination is toward the pollen parent. Table A 4 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes) : VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. The following section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Hippeastrum deones, H. zephyr, and H. deones-zephyr, showing the quantitative differ- ences in the behavior toward different reagents at defi- nite time-intervals. (Charts D 64 to D 84.) As noted in the preceding sections the three starches are very closely alike, exhibiting only minor differences, but not infrequently character developments of the hy- brid that exceed the parental extremes. The most con- spicuous features of these charts are: (1) The nearness of the three curves throughout. (2) The curve of H. deones is higher than the curve of H. zephyr in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chro- mic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- cyanate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide through the 60 minutes. It also tends to be above in the reac- tion with strontium nitrate. In the sodium-salicylate reaction, in which gelatinization goes on with moderate rapidity, the curves are about the same; and in the reac- tions with potassium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, “barium chloride, and mercuric chloride gelatinization proceeds so slowly that there is little or no differentiation. From these data H. dwones has, on the whole, the higher reactivity. (3) The curves of the hybrid show varying relation- ships to the parental curves, in some instances being the same as that of one or the other parent or both parents, in others intermediate, and in others higher or lower than both parental curves. (See following section.) (4) Evidence of a preliminary period of comparative resistance is apparent in several of the charts. (5) The earliest period at which the three curves are best separated for differential purposes is variable. In the very slow reactions no differentiation seems pos- sible even at the end of 60 minutes, the differences noted being wholly within the limits of error of observation and of no significance whatsoever. The best period for sul- phuric acid is at 5 minutes; for chromic acid, pyro- gallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide and sodium salicylate at 15 minutes; for sodium sulphide at 30 minutes; for strontium nitrate at 45 minutes; and for chloral hydrate, nitric acid, and potassium iodide at 60 minutes. HIPPEASTRUM. Tass A 4. d d aie le Ngee Lal oO ie) Lal N oo bl oO Chloral hydrate: H. deones............. a 9 | 29 42) 50] 53 H. zephyr... .........0/ 0. 5 | 21 32] 36) 39 H. dwones-zephyr...... ae 3] 13 14] 17/18 Chromic acid: H. dwones............./ 0. °3/90)99/100)..].. H. zephyr. ............ os 2/50! 76] 95/100) .. H. dewones-zephyr...... ok 30 | 80 | 90|100}.. Pyrogallic acid: H. dwones.,...........].. 15 | 70 96} 96) 97 H. zephyr............. cd 11 | 68 93) 95) 97 H. deeones-zephyr....... a 17| 80 96 | 97| 98 Nitric acid: H. dwones.............] 2. 7 | 32 70| 73) 78 H. zephyr............. és 6 | 12 45] 60) 65 H. deones-zephyr...... es 7 | 34 73) 79) 85 Sulphuric acid: He GRONGE ai or seeneecns| os 95 | 99 bps Hi. 2éphy?’s « csesncawcaas si 80 | 97 99] . H. deones-zephyr...... a 81| 97 99 Hydrochloric acid: H. dewones............. sig 12175 83 | 90] 92 bc en ee re Se 7 | 60 73| 77| 80 H. dewones-zephyr...... ay 8| 70 78) 83] 86 Potassium hydroxide: H. dwones............. 4 16 | 67 72) 81) 83 H. zephyr..........6.-/.. 14 | 56 72| 74| 75 H. deones-zephyr.......].. 16 | 60 70| 77| 83 Potassium iodide: H. dewones............. Bis 1) 12 29} 38] 45 HH, gephy@. a. ccccec nan! y. &| 9 20} 25] 30 H. deeones-zephyr........|.. 2)10 27| 33] 42 Potassium sulphocyanate: H. dwones............. ea 11 | 52 68] 75) 84 ce es ee re 6| 12 50} 65] 75 H. deones-zephyr...... ee 8 | 34 59} 68] 80 Potassium sulphide: H. deones............. - |0.5] 6} 24] 28 | 34 N. poet. poetarum..........].- - 10.5) 6} 9{11]17 N. poet. herrick............ oe 4) 6/10/12]14 N. poet. dante............. i 7/10] 12/16] 16 Chromic acid: N. poet. ornatus............[.. 71 65 | 80] 95 | 98 N. poet. poetarum..........|.- 3 | 22 | 65} 75 | 85 N., poet. herriek.......2520%] 0% 5 | 42 | 70} 82 | 90 N. poet. dante............-].. 5 | 34 | 67 | 80 | 88 Pyrogallic acid: N. poet. ornatus........... ms 2 | 20 | 68] 81 | 88 N. poet. poetarum.......... are 1] 16 | 70 | 84 | 93 N. poet. herrick...........-]-- 2119] 69183] 91 N. poet. dante............. ae 1 | 37 | 75 | 88 | 94 Nitric acid: N. poet. ornatus...........-}-- 6 | 20 | 39 | 65 | 70 N. poet. poetarum.......... ou 10 | 40 | 53 | 60 | 63 N. poet. herrick............)-- 30 | 56 | 69 | 76 | 78 N. poet. dante............. ze 19 | 65 | 72; 78) 80 Sulphuric acid: N. poet. ornatus........... ~. | 93 99 N. poet. poetarum..........].. | 79 99 N. poet. herrick............].. | 98 99 N. poet. dante............. .. | 95 99 NARCISSUS. 71 Table A 13 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the volocity-reaction curves of the starches of Narcissus poeticus ornatus, N. poeticus poetarum, N. poeticus herrick, and N. poeticus dante, showing the quantitative differences in the behavior to- ward different reagents at different time-intervals. (Charts D 259 to D 264.) Conspicuous among the features of these charts are the following : (1) In the five charts there is generally a manifest tendency in each chart for all four curves to keep to- gether, the only places where there is leaning toward a well-marked separation are in the charts for chromic acid and nitric acid at the 15-minute interval. In the sulphuric-acid reaction gelatinization proceeds with such rapidity that there is not, except in one instance, what can be accepted as an entirely satisfactory differentiation of any one starch from any other, this instance being the starch of N. poeticus poetarum, which reacted with dis- tinctly less rapidity than the other three (which react with identical intensity) during the first three minutes. (2) The four curves bear varying relations to each other in the different reactions. (3) The curve of NV. poeticus ornatus is the highest of the four and well separated from the other three in the reactions with chloral hydrate and chromic acid; the lowest at first and intermediate finally with nitric acid; and practically the same, but with a lower tendency than in the other three, with pyrogallic acid, although in this reaction the curves of NV. poeticus ornatus, N. poeticus -poetarum, and N. poeticus herrick are practically the same. There is an obvious tendency for the curves of N. poeticus poetarum, N. poeticus herrick, and N. poeti- cus dante to keep close in the reactions with chloral hy- drate and chromic acid. (4) The curves of the two hybrids tend to run closely. In the reactions with chloral hydrate and sulphuric acid they are the same; with chromic acid very nearly the same; and with pyrogallic acid and nitric acid they are separated sufficiently for differential purposes. The curve of the hybrid N. poeticus herrick is higher than the curve of the other hybrid in the chromic-acid reaction, lower in the pyrogallic-acid reaction, and for the most part lower in the nitric-acid reaction. (5) An early period of resistance is noted particu- larly in the reactions with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid, and is suggested in the curves of the nitric acid. (6) The earliest period at which the curves are best separated and hence the best for differential purposes is at 3 minutes in the reaction with sulphuric acid; at 5 min- utes in those with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid; and at 60 minutes in that with chloral hydrate. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE Hysrips. This‘ section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrids as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 13, Charts D 259 to D 264.) The reactivities ofthe hybrid N. poeticus herrick are the same as those of the seed parent in none of the reactions; the same as those of the pollen parent with iodine, chloral hydrate, and pyrogallic acid; the same as both parents in none; intermediate with polarization, temperature, and chromic acid (in two nearer the seed parent and in one nearer the pollen parent) ; highest with nitric acid and sulphuric acid (in one as near to one as to the other parent and in one nearer the pollen parent) ; and lowest with gentian violet and safranin, being in both nearer the seed parent. The reactivities of the hybrid NW. poeticus dante are the same as those of the seed parent in the sulphuric- acid reaction ; the same as those of the pollen parent in the reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and chloral hydrate; the same as those of both parents in no reaction; intermediate in the reactions with polariza- tion, temperature, chromic acid, and nitric acid (in two being closer to the seed parent, in one nearer the pollen parent, and in one mid-intermediate); highest with pyrogallic acid, being as near one as the other parent; and lowest in none. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities : N. poeticus | N. poeticus herrick. dante. Same as seed parent.................. 0 1 Same as pollen parent...... 3 4 Same as both parents...... 0 0 Intermediate................ ane 3 4 Highest. icdssisa ea sisuis nods Ghee ee woes 2 1 LOWES? scccianine ab ng ue Ov Ween teak ave 2 0 The varying relationships of the two hybrids to the parents in the individual reactions is quite marked. Thus, in the polarization reactions both are intermediate and nearer the seed parent; in the iodine reactions both are the same as the pollen parent; in the gentian violet reaction one is lower than either parent and nearer the seed parent, but the other is the same as the pollen parent, etc. Composite Curves oF REACTION-INTENSITIES, This section deals with the composite curves of the reaction-intensities showing the differentiation of the starches of Narcissus poeticus ornatus, N. poeticus poe- tarum, N. poeticus herrick, and N. poeticus dante. (Chart E 13.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The marked closeness of all four curves and the very close correspondence in the rises and falls, showing agreement with a given species-type. (2) In WV. poeticus ornatus as compared with N. po- eticus poetarum the higher reactions with polarization, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid; the same or practically the same reactions with pyrogallic acid; and the lower reactions with iodine, safranin, gentian violet, and temperature. (3) In NV. poeticus ornatus the very high reaction with sulphuric acid ; the high reaction with chromic acid; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, and safranin ; the low reactions with gentian violet, tempera- ture, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. 72 _ (4) InN. poeticus poetarwm the very high reaction with sulphuric acid; the absence of any high reaction; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, safranin, temperature, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with gentian violet, chromic acid, and nitric acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. (5) In the hybrid NW. poeticus herrick the very high reactions with sulphuric acid; the absence of any high reaction; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, safranin, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with gentian violet, temperature, and nitric acid ; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. (6) In the hybrid N. poeticus dante the very high sulphuric-acid reaction ; the absence of any high reaction ; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, safra- nin, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid ; the low reactions with gentian violet, temperature, and nitric acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties (10 reactions) : Very ‘ Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low. low. N. poet. ornatus............. 1 1 3 4 1 N. poet. poetarum............ 1 0 5 3 1 N. poet. herrick.............. 1 0 5 a 1 N. poet. dante............... 1 0 5 3 1 14. Comparisons oF THE StarcHEs oF Narcissus TAZETTA GRAND MONARQUE, N. POETICUS OR- watus, anD N. POETAZ TRIUMPH. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualita- tive reactions with the various chemical reagents it will be noted that the starches of the parents and hybrid exhibit not only properties in common in varying degrees of development but also occasional individualities which collectively are in each case distinctive. In histologic properties the starches of the parents differ in well- defined respects. In the polariscopic figures and reac- tions with selenite there are no important differences. In the qualitative reactions with iodine, the raw grains of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque are colored less in comparison with those of the other parent, while after heating in water fewer grains are moderately colored and the solution is more deeply colored. In the quali- tative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, there are in each case similarities and certain definite differences. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents shows more irregularities in form than in either parent, and it is, on the whole, more closely related to N. tazetta grand monarque than to the other parent. In the character of the lamelle, and in the size and pro- portions of different kinds of grains, the relationship is closer to NV. tazetta grand monarque,; in character of the hilum it is closer to the other parent, and in the eccen- tricity of the hilum it is the same as the parents. In the polariscopic figures, appearances with selenite, and iodine reactions it is closer to N. poeticus ornatus. In the quali- tative reactions with the chemical reagent it is in all closer, on the whole, to NV. tazetta grand monarque. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: - N. taz. grand mon., low to very high, value 50. N. poet. ornatus, low to very high, same as N. tazetta grand mon- arque, value 50. N. poetaz triumph, low to very high, same as both parents, value 50. HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. Iodine: N. taz. grand mon., light to moderate, value 45. N. poet. ornatus, light to moderate, less than N. tazetta grand monarque, value 40. : N. poetaz triumph, light to moderate, the same as N. poeticus ornatus, value 40. Gentian violet: N. taz. grand mon., light to moderate, value 40. N. poet. ornatus, light to moderate, less than N. tazetta grand monarque, value 35. N. poetaz triumph, light to moderate, the same as N. tazetta grand monarque, value 40. Safranin: N. taz. grand mon., moderate, value 45. N. poet. ornatus, moderate, the same as N. tazetta grand monarque, value 45. te Os N. poetaz triumph, light to moderate, less than in either parent, value 40. Temperature: : N. taz. grand mon., in majority at 73 to 75°, in all at 76 to 77°, mean 76.5°. N. poet. ornatus, in majority at 73 to 74°, in all at 77 to 78°, mean 77.8°. ‘ N. poetaz triumph, in majority at 73 to 75°, in all at 76 to 77°, mean 76.5°. The reactivity of N. tazetta grand monarque is the same or practically the same as that of the other parent in the polarization and safranin reactions; higher in the temperature reaction, and lower in the iodine and gen- tian-violet reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as those of both parents in the polarization reaction ; the same or practically the same as the reactivity of NV. tazetta grand monarque in the gentian-violet and temperature reactions; the same or practically the same as that of the other parent in the iodine reaction; and the lowest of the three in the safranin reaction. In none of the five reactions is there intermediateness. In some respects the hybrid is closer to one parent and in other respects to the other. Table A 14 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals minutes). ‘VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. poetaz triumph, showing quan- titative differences in the behavior toward different reag- ents at definite time-intervals. (Charts D 265 to D 286.) The most conspicuous features of this group of curves are: (1) The closeness generally of all three curves in all of the reactions, with a tendency throughout, with the exception of that with sulphuric acid, to a moderate to low or very low reaction value. The curves of two or all three starches, excepting the reactions with the sulphuric acid, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chlo- ride, are satisfactorily separated, commonly well sepa- rated, for differentiation in reactivities. In the reactions with pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cop- per nitrate, and cupric chloride two of the curves tend to closeness and separation from the third, which two may be the curve of the hybrid and that of one or the other parent, or the curves of the parents. In some of the reactions the three curves do not closely correspond in course, a8 in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide, ura- nium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and strontium nitrate; the departure of one from the course of the others may be in the curve of the hybrid or either parent, more often in the curve of NV. tazetta grand monarque. (2) The lower reactivity of N. tazetta grand mon- arque than of the other parent in the reactions with NARCISSUS. Taste A 14, . . . . ‘=| ‘=| § i=] Sele e le | eles ls Chloral hydrate: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. 5 | 24 | 32 | 36 | 40 N. poeticus ornat,..........|.. 0.5) 6| 24 | 28] 34 N. poetaz triumph.......... wy 4 | 28 | 50 | 53 | 56 Chromic acid: N. tazetta g.mon.......... wa 5 | 25 | 75 | 90 | 98 N. poeticus ornat...........].. 7165 | 80} 95 | 98 N. poetaz triumph.......... 13 | 75 | 90 | 97 | 99 Pyrogallic acid: N. tazetta g.mon.......... é% 1| 20 | 23 | 47| 78 N. poeticus ornat...........].. 2 | 20/68] 81] 88 N. poetaz triumph.......... oe 3 | 25 | 75 | 86] 95 Nitric acid: N. tazetta g.mon.......... tg 2/14] 26] 31 | 42 N. poeticus ornat.........../.. 6 | 20 | 39 | 65 | 70 N. poetaz triumph.......... es 10 | 60 | 74 | 86 | 88 Sulphuric acid: N. tazetta g.mon.......... «x | 86 99 N. poeticus ornat...........].. | 93 90 N. poetaz triumph.......... .. 198 99 Hydrochloric acid: N. tazetta g.mon........../.. 73 | 90 | 95 | 97 | 98 N. poeticus ornat.........../.. 88 | 95 | 97 | 98 | 99 N. poetaz triumph.......... Ata 90}98/)99]..].. Potassium hydroxide: . N. tazetta g.mon..........].. 16 | 32 | 38 | 42 | 46 N. poeticus ormat...........].. 19 | 36 | 43 | 48 | 53 N. poetaz triumph......... add 35 | 64 | 75 | 86 | 91 Potassium iodide: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. 3/17) 55 | 69 | 75 N. poeticus ornat........... v8 5 | 51 | 68 | 77 | 80 N. poetaz triumph.......... ae 10 | 57 | 75 | 85 | 90 Potassium sulphocyanate: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. 39 | 62 | 76 | 89 | 94 N. poeticus ornat........... a 45 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 97 N. poetaz triumph.......... ie 67 | 83 | 92 | 95 | 98 Potassium sulphide: N. tazetta g.mon.......... he .. 105) 1} 2] 2 N. poeticus ornat...........].. ss] 1) 2] 4) 4 N. poetaz triumph.......... is 6| 9]11)13]14 Sodium hydroxide: N. tazetta g.mon.......... 63 5 | 43 | 50 | 73 | 78 N. poeticus ornat..........].. 18 | 49 | 62 | 75 | 80 N. poetaz triumph.......... 31 | 65 | 85 | 90 | 92 Sodium sulphide: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. 2| 7] 28/40] 50 N. poeticus ornat........... na 3 | 12 | 33 | 53 | 56 N. poetaz triumph.......... os 18 | 60 | 75 | 80 | 85 Sodium salicylate: N. tazetta g.mon.......... ea 39 | 82} 99 N. poeticus ornat........... ne 50 | 92 | 99 N. poetaz triumph.......... = 65/}99/.. Calcium nitrate: N. tazetta g.mon.......... ee 3) 5)14]39 | 42 N. poeticus ornat...........].. 3] 9119) 43] 53 N. poetaz triumph.......... ed 9 | 47 | 56 | 65 | 72 Uranium nitrate: N. tazetta g.mon.......... te . (05) 3) 4] 5] 5 N. poeticus ornat...........].. 1] 5] 7}10)12 N. poetaz triumph.......... et 5] 14] 20 | 25 | 25 Strontium nitrate: N. tazetta g.mon.......... ted 1] 8] 33/53] 60 N. poeticus ornat...........].. 10 | 42 | 55 | 63 | 66 N. poetaz triumph.......... Pe 25 | 67 | 75 | 81 | 83 Cobalt nitrate: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. e081 1) 2) 2) 2 N. poeticus ornat...........].. -|05; 1] 3] 3) 3 N. poetaz triumph.......... 28 1} 3] 5] 6] 6 Copper nitrate: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. 2) 4] 6] 7| 9 N. poeticus ornat........... ve 2) 8] 9/10) 15 N. poetaz triumph.......... ad 10] 25 | 36).. | 38 Cuprie chloride: N. tazetta g. mon.......0.. 93 . (05; 1] 2] 4] 5 N. poeticus ornat...........].. 1/ 2] 4) 5] 6 N. poetaz triumph.......... ax 5/10] 12) 16/19 Barium chloride: N. tazetta g.mon..........].. wis ? N. poeticus ornat...........].. a6 ? N. poetaz triumph.......... ee 1 1 Mercuric chloride: N. tazetta g.mon.......... aa wedee | 2] 37 8 N. poeticus ornat...........].. pal 8] Alea]? N. poetaz triumph.......... on 4!) 6110/11) 12 73 chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, so- dium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, stron- tium nitrate, and copper nitrate, and the same or practically the same reactivity with sulphuric acid, po- tassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (3) The highest position of the hybrid curve of all three curves in all of the 21 reactions, excepting the barium chloride, in which latter owing to extremely slow reactions all three curves are absolutely or practically the same. In many reactions the hybrid curve is more separated from the parental curves than the latter are separated from each other, and in most instances the nearer parental curve is that of N. poeticus ornatus. There is in no instance a tendency either to intermedi- ateness or to the lowest reactivity. (4) An early period of comparative resistance fol- lowed by comparative rapid reaction is frequently noticed, sometimes in the case of one, two, or three of the starches. This is seen in all three starches in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide, and calcium nitrate; in the two parental starches with so- dium sulphide and strontium nitrate; and in N. tazetta grand monarque with sodium hydroxide. In several, this resistant period is prolonged to 15 to 30 minutes. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated for differentia- tion varies with the different reagents. Approximately, within the 5-minute interval in the reactions with sul- phuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate reactions ; at the 15-minute interval with chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sul- phocyanate, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, and strontium nitrate; at the 30-minute interval with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide, and copper nitrate; and at the 60-minute interval with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cop- per nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section deals with the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 14 and Charts D 265 to D 286.) The hybrid has the same reactivity as the seed parent in the reactions with gentian violet and safranin; the same as the pollen parent with polarization and iodine; the same as both parents with barium chloride, in which the reactions are too slow for differentiation ; intermedi- ate in none; highest with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, ura- nium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in 2 being closer to the seed parent, in 15 nearer the pollen parent, and in 3 as near one as the other parent) ; and lowest in the safranin reaction, as near one as the other parent. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 2; same as pollen parent, 2; same as both parents, 1; intermediate, 0; highest, 20; lowest, 1. The most remarkable feature of these data is the almost universal higher reactivity of the hybrid in all of the chemical reactions, the only exception being with 74 barium chloride in which the reactions are almost abso- lutely nil, yet even here there is at least the suggestion of highest reactivity. The inclination to the properties of the pollen parent are also strikingly manifested. Compositr CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Narcissus lazetta grand monarque, N. poets- cus ornatus, and N. poetaz triumph. (Chart Ei 14.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The close correspondence in the courses of all three curves, and more particularly of the parental curves which not only tend almost invariably to marked closeness but also with few exceptions to keep below the hybrid curve. (2) The curve of N. tazetia grand monarque tends usually to be lower than the curve of the other parent. It is distinctly lower in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid; slightly lower or nearly the same with potassium hydrox- ide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, so- dium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, cal- cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride ; higher with iodine, gentian violet, temperature, and chloral hydrate; and the same or prac- tically the same with polarization, safranin, and sul- phuric acid. (3) In N. tazetta grand monarque the very high re- action with sulphuric acid; the high reactions with hydrochloric acid and sodium salicylate; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, sa- franin, chromic acid, and potassium sulphocyanate; the low reactions with temperature, pyrogallic acid, potas- sium iodide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium nitrate; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potas- sium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (4) In N. poeticus ornatus the very high reactions with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid; the high reac- tions with chromic acid and sodium salicylate ; the moder- ate reactions with polarization, safranin, and potassium sulphocyanate; the low reactions with gentian violet, temperature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium hy- droxide, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- phide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) In the hybrid the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium salicylate; the high reactions with chromic acid and potassium sulpho- cyanate ; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, pyrogallic acid, potassium hy- droxide, potassium iodide, and sodium hydroxide; the low reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, and strontium nitrate; and the very low reactions with potassium sul- phide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensities : HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. Very F Mod- Very high. High. erate. Tow low. N. tazetta grand monarque.... 1 2 6 6 11 N. poeticus ornatus........... 2 2 4 10 8 N. poetaz triumph............ 3 2 8 6 7 15. Comparisons oF THE StarcHEs oF Narcissus GLorIa MuNDI, N. POoETICUS ORNATUS, AND N, FIERY CROSS. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and quali- tative reactions with the various chemical reagents the starches of the parents and hybrid possess properties in common in varying degrees of development together with occasional individualities which collectively in each starch are distinctive. In histologic properties the parental starches differ in both minor and major re- spects. The starch of NV. poeticus ornatus in comparison with that of the other parents shows in the polarization figure more distinctness and better definition, and other differences; and with selenite the quadrants are more often well defined, less irregular in shape, the colors not so often pure, and fewer grains have a greenish tinge. In the qualitative iodine reactions no qualitative differ- ences were recorded. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid there are in each case characteristics in common and also individualities. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents shows a closer relationship to that of N. gloria mundi in the form of the grains, character of the hilum, charac-. ter and arrangement of the lamelle, and in size; but it is closer to the other parent in the eccentricity of the hilum. In the polarization figures and in the reactions with selenite the relationship is closer to N. poeticus ornatus. In the iodine qualitative reactions differences between hybrid and parents, and between the latter were noted. In the qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents the hybrid shows certain resemblances to one parent and others to the other, but it is, on the whole, much more closely related to N. gloria mundi than to N. poeticus ornatus. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: N. gloria mundi, low to very high, usually moderate to moderately high, value 60. N. poeticus ornat., low to very high, lower than in N. gloria mundi, value 50. N. fiery cross, low to very high, the same as in N. poeticus ornatus, value 50. Iodine: N. gloria mundi, moderate, value 60. N. poeticus ornat, moderate, much less than in N. gloria mundi, value 40. N. fiery cross, moderate, the same as N. gloria mundi, value 60. Gentian violet: N. gloria mundi, light to moderate, value 40. N. poeticus ornat., light to moderate, much less than in N. poeticus mundi, value 30. N. fiery cross, light to moderate, intermediate between the parents, value 35. Safranin: N. gloria mundi, moderate, value 40. N. poeticus ornat., moderate, higher than in N. gloria mundi, value 45. N. fiery cross, moderate, the same as in N. gloria mundi, value 40. NARCISSUS. Temperature: N. gloria mundi, in majority at 71 to 72.8°, in all at 74 to 75°, mean 74.5°, N. poeticus ornat., in majority at 73 to 74°, in all at 77 to 78°, mean 77.5°. N. fiery cross, in majority at 71 to 72°, in all at 73.5 to 74.5°, mean 74°, The reactivity of V. gloria mundi is higher than that of the other parent in the reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and temperature; and lower in the safranin reaction. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of NV. gloria mundi in the iodine and safranin reactions, and slightly higher in the temperature reaction; the same or prac- tically the same as that of the other parent in the polar- ization reaction; and mid-intermediate in the gentian violet reaction. Table A 15 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes) : Tasue A 15. dlalaba | alee ieis Cal a oO ~~ an hol oO + oO Chloral hydrate: N. gloria mundi............]..].-].. |. |0.5] 8] 28 | 33 | 35 N. poeticus ornatus......... sofas dee |e. [0.5] 6] 24 | 28 | 34 N. fiery cross..............)--]--]--]-- {05} 3] 5] 9/13 - Chromic acid: N. gloria mundi............]..]..]..].. | 2] 25] 65 | 82 | 90 N. poeticus ornatus......... we t.e de. ts. | 7165 | 80] 95] 98 N. fiery cress...........--. wi lesetlos fas | &] 12] 60) 85] 95 Pyrogallic acid: N. gloria mundi..... en 1] 18 | 65| 78) 91 N. poeticus ornatus.........].. 2| 20 | 68 | 81 | 88 N. fiery cross.............-].. 3 | 23 | 70 | 86 | 92 Nitric acid: ; N. gloria mundi............]..]..]..]..] 8] 23] 47 | 55] 61 N. poeticus ornatus......... La 6 | 20 | 39 | 65 | 70 N. fiery cross............-. xa 5 | 12] 30) 54 | 60 Sulphuric acid: Beleriand cc yee eel ay | OS | ex N. poeticus ornatus.........])../93]..]..]..]..[-- Ne fiery (reste sca ees aessal ay [BE Lee [ow | oe exiles VELOCITY-REACTION ‘CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Narcissus gloria mundi, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. fiery cross, showing quantitative differ- ences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time-intervals. (Charts D 287 to D 292.) The most conspicuous features of these five charts are: (1) The closeness of all three curves in all of the reactions, with the exception of that with chromic acid at the 15-minute interval, at which time the three curves are well separated; and also the tendency, with the exception that with sulphuric acid, for the reactions to be of moderate to low or very low intensity. In the sulphuric-acid reaction gelatinization proceeds so quickly that the curves are the same or practically the same, and in that with pyrogallic acid the curves are quite close, yet sufficiently separated and uniform in their courses to indicate clearly the reaction-intensity relationships. (2) The relations of the parental curves to each other and to the hybrid vary in the reactions, and moreover vary during the progress of the reactions. 75 (3) The curve of N. gloria mundi is the highest of the three in the reaction with chloral hydrate; the highest during most of those with nitric acid and then intermediate; intermediate during most of those with chromic acid, otherwise the lowest; and lowest in those with pyrogallic acid. (4) The hybrid curve tends to lowness or highness in relation to the parental curves, it being the highest of the three in the pyrogallic-acid reaction; the lowest in those with chloral hydrate and nitric acid ; and lowest throughout nearly the whole 60-minute period in those with chromic acid, and finally intermediate but close to N. gloria mundi. (5) An early period of comparative resistance is evident in one or more of the starches in all of the reac- tions, with the exception of the quick reaction with sul- phuric acid, but in that with nitric acid it is seen only in the relation of the hybrid. (6) The earliest period at which the curves are best separated for differential purposes is questionable. The sulphuric-acid reaction is so rapid that any differentia- tion must be made at the very beginning of the reaction. In the chromic-acid reaction it is probably at 15 minutes ; in those with chloral hydrate and nitric acid probably at 30 minutes; and in that with pyrogallic acid probably at 45 or 60 minutes. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE Hysrip. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A15 and Charts D 287 to D 292.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the iodine reaction; the same as those of the pollen parent in the polarization and safranin reactions; the same as those of both parents in no reaction; intermediate in those with gentian violet and sulphuric acid, in both being mid-intermediate ; highest in those with temperature and pyrogallic acid (in one closer to the seed parent and in the other closer to the pollen parent) ; and lowest in those with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, and nitric acid (in one being closer to the seed parent, in one closer to the pollen parent, and in one being as close to one as to the other parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 1; same as pollen parent, 2; same as both parents, 0; intermediate, 2; highest, 2; lowest, 3. The parents seem to have about equal influence on the properties of the starch of the hybrid. CoMPosITE CURVE OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Narcissus gloria mundi, N. poeticus ornatus, and NV. fiery cross. (Chart E 15.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The close correspondence of all three curves in their courses. (2) In N. gloria mundi compared with the other | parent the higher reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and temperature; the lower with chromic acid and nitric acid; and the same or practically the same with pyrogallic acid and nitric acid. 76 (3) In N. gloria mundi the very high sulphuric-acid reactions; the high polarization and iodine reactions; the moderate with gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid ; the low with temperature and nitric acid ; and the very low with chloral hydrate. (4) In N. poeticus ornatus the very high sulphuric- acid reaction ; the high with chromic acid; the moderate with polarization, iodine, and safranin; the low with gentian violet, temperature, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid ; and the very low with chloral hydrate. (5) In the hybrid the very high sulphuric-acid reac- tion; the high iodine reaction; the moderate reactions with polarization, safranin, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid ; the low with gentian violet, temperature, and nitric acid; and the very low with chloral hydrate. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties (10 reactions) : Very ‘ Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low. low. N. gloria mundi.............. ns 2 4 2 1 N. poeticus ornatus........... 1 u 3 4 1 N. fiery cross...........0.08. 1 1 4 3 1 16. Comparisons OF THE STaRcHES oF NaRCcIssus TELAMONIUS PLENUS, N. POETICUS ORNATUS, N. pouBLoon. In histologic . characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualita- tive reactions with the various chemical reagents the starches of the parents and hybrid exhibit not only properties in common in varying degrees of development but also certain individualities which collectively in each case are distinctive of the starch. In histologic proper- ties the parental starches differ in certain well-defined respects. In N. poeticus ornatus the polariscopic figure is not so distinct or so well defined as in the other parent; and with selenite the quadrants are not so well defined and are more irregular in form, the colors are more often pure, and there are more grains with a greenish tinge. With iodine the raw grains of N. poeticus ornatus color less, and after boiling the grain-residues are more deeply colored and the solution less deeply colored than in N. telamonius plenus. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid there are in each case rather striking differences. The starch of the hybrid in com- parison with the starches of the parents shows in form a closer relationship to the starch of NV. telamonius plenus than to that of the other parent, and the same relation- ship is true of the character of the hilum and the charac- ter of the lamelle; in size of the grains the relationship is reversed; while in eccentricity of the hilum there is, on the whole, no appreciable difference between the three starches. In the polarization figure and reactions with selenite the relationship is closer to N. poeticus ornatus. In the qualitative iodine reactions the resem- blances are closer to NV. telamonius plenus. In the quali- tative reactions with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid the relationship is closer to N. telamonius plenus, while in those with the chromic acid and sul- HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. phuric acid the relationship is reversed. In these reac- tions the three starches can be differentiated quite readily. The influences of each parent on the properties of the starch of the hybrid are manifest. Reaction-intensities Eapressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: N. telamonius plen., low to very high, value 45. N. poeticus ornat., low to very high, higher than in N. telamonius plenus, value 50. N. doubloon, low to very high, the same as in N. telamonius plenus, value 45. Iodine: N. telamonius plen., moderate, value 45. N. poeticus ornat., moderate, less than in N. telamonius plenus, value 40. N. doubloon, moderate, the same as in N. telamonius plenus, value 45. Gentian violet: N. telamonicus plen., light to moderate, value 40. N. poeticus ornat., light to moderate, less than in N. telamonius plenus, value 30. N. doubloon, light to moderate, less than in N. telamonius plenus. value 33. Safranin: N. telamonius plen., moderate, value 50. N. poeticus ornat., moderate, less than in N. telamonius plenus, value 45. N.doubloon, moderate, the sameasin N. poeticus ornatus, value 451. Temperature: N. telamonius plen., in majority at 70 to 72°, in all at 73 to 75°, mean 74°, N. poeticus ornat., in majority at 73 to 74°, in all at 77 to 78°, mean 77.5°. N. doubloon, in majority at 71.2 to 73°, in all at 75 to 77°, mean 76°, The reactivity of N. telamoniwus plenus is lower than that of the other parent in the polarization reaction; and higher with iodine, gentian voilet, safranin, and temperature. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of NV. telamonius plenus in the polarization and iodine reactions; the same or practically the same as that of the other parent in the safranin reaction ; and intermediate in the gentian violet and temperature, both being closer to N. poeticus ornatus. Table A16 shows the reaction-intensities in per- centages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes) : TasB_e A 16. Ae alee |S ere ts wT NTO] HP Oye | OTH i wo Chloral hydrate: N. telamonius plen..... Scale N. poeticus ornat........... is N. doubloon..............-].. Chromic acid: N. telamonius plen......... isa N. poeticus ornat...........].. N. doubloon..............-] 6. Pyrogallic acid: 11 | 20 | 22 | 24 6 | 24 | 28 | 34 13 | 38 | 50 | 54 oO f=) Jor aww WANG oon [e*) ro) 26 | 77 | 95 | 99 65 | 80 | 95 | 98 10 | 76 | 90 | 98 N. telamonius plen 73 | 84| 90 N. poeticus ornat.. aatede [lava 20 | 68 | 81 | 88 N. doubloon..............+- Ae 35 | 67 | 80 | 87 Nitric acid: N. telamonius plen......... is 14 | 65 | 75 | 80 | 85 N. poeticus ornat...........]).. 20 | 39 | 65 | 70 N. doubloon............... $a 27 | 60 | 72 | 75 | 81 Sulphuric acid: N. telamonius plen......... .. | 99 N. poeticus ornat...........].. [93]... N. doubloon........-.0000-} 6+ [97]. NARCISSUS. 77 ’ VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. . This section treats with velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Narcissus telamonius plenus, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. doubloon, showing quantitative differ- ences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time-intervals. (Charts D 293 to D 298.) The most conspicuous features of these charts are: (1) The tendency in three of the charts to well- marked separation of one of the three curves from the other two, to closeness of the curves in the reaction with pyrogallic acid, and to identity in the sulphuric-acid reac- tion. In the chloral-hydrate reaction the parental curves are in close correspondence in their courses, the hybrid curve departing ; but in the charts for chromic acid and nitric acid the curves of N. telamonius plenus and the hybrid tend to closeness and the curve of N. poeticus ornatus to departure. With the exception of the very high reactivity with sulphuric acid, and the very low reactivity with chloral hydrate the reactions tend to be moderate to low. (2) The relations of the parental curves to each other and to the hybrid vary in the four reactions. (3) The curve of WV. telamonius plenus is higher than the curve of the other parent throughout the whole, or the larger part, of the 60 minutes in the reactions with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid, but is distinctly the lower in the reaction with chromic acid. (4) The hybrid curves are very variable in their parental relationships. In the chloral-hydrate reaction the hybrid curve is distinctly the highest of the three curves; in that with chromic acid the lowest; in that with pyrogallic acid at first somewhat the highest and then passing on to be the lowest, although in this reac- tion all three curves tend to marked closeness; and in that with nitric acid it is at first the highest and then intermediate, but much closer to N. telamonius plenus than to the other parent. The relationship is, on the whole, rather closer to N. telamonius plenus. (5) An early period of comparative resistance fol- lowed by a comparatively rapid reaction is noted with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid, not at all with nitric acid, and to a slight degree with chloral hydrate. (6) The earliest period at which the curves are best separated for differential purposes is within or at 5 _minutes in the reactions with sulphuric acid and nitric acid; at 15 minutes in those with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid; and either at 30 or 60 minutes in that with chloral hydrate—at the first NV. telamonius plenus would be intermediate in position, while at the latter it would be lowest. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A16 and Charts D 293 to D 298.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the polarization and iodine reac- tions; the same as those of the pollen parent in the safranin reaction; the same as those of both parents in that with pyrogallic acid; intermediate in those with gen- tian violet, temperature, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid (in two being closer to the seed parent and in two closer to the pollen parent) ; highest in none; and lowest in those with chloral hydrate and chromic acid (in one being as close to one as to the other parent, and in the other closer to the seed parent). ; The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties (10 reactions): Same as seed parent, 2; same as pollen parent, 1; same as both parents, 1; intermediate, 4; highest, 0; lowest, 2. The seed parent, NV. poeticus ornatus, seems to be the more potent in influencing the characters of the starch of the hybrid. ComposITE CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Narcissus telamonius plenus, N. poeticus ornatus, and N. doubloon. (Chart E 16.) ; The most conspicuous features of the chart are: (1) The close correspondence of all three curves in their courses, especially of the parental curves. (2) In N. telamonius plenus in comparison with the other parent the higher reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, and nitric acid; the lower reactions with polarization and chloral hydrate; and the same or practically the same reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and sulphuric acid. (3) In N. telamonius plenus the very high reaction with sulphuric acid ; the high reaction with chromic acid ; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with temperature and nitric acid; and the very low reac- tion with chloral hydrate. (4) In N. poeticus ornatus the very high reaction with sulphuric acid ; the high reaction with chromic acid ; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, and safranin ; the low reactions with gentian violet, tempera- ture, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. (5) In the hybrid the very high reaction with sul- phuric acid; the absence of any high reaction; the mod- erate reactions with polarization, iodine, safranin, and chromic acid; the low reactions with gentian violet, tem- perature, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid ; and the absence of any very low reaction. The following is a summary ofthe reaction-intensi- ties (10 reactions) : Very é Mod- Very high. High. erate Low. low. N. telamonius plenus......... 1 1 5 2 1 N. poeticus ornatus........... 1 1 3 4 1 Ny COUDIOGB oe eed ed os Henn 1 0 4 5 0 17. Comparisons oF THE SrarcHEs oF Narcissus PRINCESS MARY, N. POETICUS POETARUM, AND N. CRESSET. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reac- tions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with various chemical reagents the starches of the parents and hybrids possess properties in common in varying degrees of development and individualities which collectively are in each case distinctive. In histo- 78 logic properties the starches of the parents differ in cer- tain well-defined respects. The starch of Narcissus poeti- cus poetarum in comparison with that of the other parent shows in the polarization figure less definition and some differences in the characters of the lines; and in the selenite reaction less clean-cut quadrants, more irregu- larity of shape, more often purity of colors, and more grains with a greenish tinge. With iodine no qualita- tive differences were recorded. In the qualitative reac- tions with the chemical reagents there are well-defined differences which for the most part are related to varia- tions in the histologic peculiarities of the grains of the two plants. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents contains a larger percentage of aggregates and compound grains than in either parent ; it is more like the starch of NV. princess mary as regards the absence of clearness of distinction between the pri- mary and secondary starch deposits; but it is, on the whole, in closer relationship to the starch of N. poeticus poetarum. In the character and eccentricity of the hilum and size of the grains the relationship is closer to NV. princess mary, but in the character of the lamelle it is nearer the other parent. In character of the polariscopic figure, and in the reactions with selenite, the relationship is closer to N. princess mary. In the qualitative iodine reaction it is closer to N. poeticus poetarum. In all of the qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents (including chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid) characteristics of each of the parents are evident and also certain individualities not observed in the parents, but the resemblances of the hybrid, as a whole, are closer to NV. princess mary than to NV. poeticus poetarum. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: N. princess mary, low to high, value 35. N. poeticus poetar., low to high, higher than in N. princess mary, value 40. : N. cresset, low to high, same as in N. poeticus poetarum, value 40 Iodine: : N. princess mary, light to moderate, value 42. N. poeticus poetar., light to moderate, slightly higher than in N. princess mary, value 45. N. cresset, light to moderate, the same as in N. poeticus poetarum, value 45. Gentian violet: N. princess mary, light to moderate, value 37. N. poeticus poetar., light to moderate, slightly lighter than in N. princess mary, value 35. N. cresset, light to moderate, the same as in N. princess mary, value 37. Safranin: N. princess mary, moderate, value 50. N. poeticus poetar, moderate, the same as in N. princess mary, value 50. N. cresset, moderate, the same as in both parents, value 50. Temperature: N. princess mary, in majority at 70 to 72°, in all at 74 to 76°, mean 75°. N. poeticus poetar., in majority at 67 to 69°, in all at 71 to 73°, mean 72°. N. cresset, in majority at 71 to 73°, in all at 74.5 to 76°, mean 75.7°. The reactivity of NV. princess mary is the same or practically the same as that of the other parent in the safranin reaction ; higher in the gentian-violet reaction ; and lower in the polarization, iodine, and temperature reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of NV. princess mary with HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. gentian violet; the same or practically the same as that of the other parent in the polarization and iodine reac- tions; the same as that of both parents with safranin; and the lowest of the three with temperature, but nearer N. princess mary. Table A 17 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes) : Tasie A 17. . . * . . is] d fs] q Flelelaleisiaisis Chloral hydrate: N. princess mary........... om Lae lew Low PEE |) Be Bas N. poeticus poetar..........]..]..]..]..]05] 6] 9]11/17 Ni CLORSED > cdiansaicos a8 Roe 4% 2| 3] 7/18) 22 Chromic acid: N. princess mary...........].. 2| 25 | 70/90) 98 N. poeticus poetar..........].. 3 | 22 | 65 | 75 | 85 IN... Cresset sosscceded che gases dig 2|15 | 70 | 93 | 96 Pyrogallic acid: N. princess mary........... alts 3140] 77 | 87| 95 N. poeticus poetar..........].. 1| 16] 70 | 84] 93 N. cresset........2. eee eee ae 3 | 16 | 69 | 74} 81 Nitric acid: N. princess mary........-.. aes 13 | 55 | 68 | 75 | 79 N. poeticus poetar..........].. 10 | 40 | 53 | 60 | 63 Mv CTORUCS vex tana ny eon eee bi 22 | 67| 75177 | 80 Sulphuric acid: N. princess mary........... ae Sols s es N. poeticus poetar..........]..|79].. 99 N. cresset..........0-0006- .. |98].. xe VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES, This section deals with the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Narcissus princess mary, N. poeticus poetarum, and N. cresset, showing quantitative differ- ences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time-intervals. (Charts D 299 to D 304.) The most conspicuous features of these charts are: (1) The closeness of all. three curves in all of the charts (with the exception of the very quick sulphuric- acid reaction in which there is no differentiation) and the moderate to low or very low reactivities. In the sul- phuric-acid reaction gelatinization proceeds so rapidly that there is differentiation only before the end of about 3 minutes, at the end of 2 minutes the reactions of NV. princess mary and the hybrid are practically absolutely the same, but the reaction of the other parent is distinctly less. In the reaction with chloral hydrate there is unim- portant separation of the curves, but in the other three reactions there are varying degrees of separation. (2) The relationships of the parental curves to each other and to the curve of the hybrid vary in the different reactions and during the progress of the reactions. (3) The curve of N. princess mary is the highest in the reaction with pyrogallic acid; lowest with chloral hydrate; intermediate. with nitric acid; and practically the same as that of the hybrid and higher than the curve of the other parent with chromic acid. (4) The hybrid curve is the highest of the three in the reactions with chloral hydrate and nitric acid; it tends to be the lowest with pyrogallic acid; and it in- clines to be the lowest at first and the highest later with chromic acid. It is more closely related to the curve of N. princess mary in the reaction with chloral hydrate; to the curve of the other parent with nitric acid ; and first NARCISSUS. to one parent and then to the other with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid, the parental relationships being reversed in these two reactions. (5) An early period of resistance followed by a com- paratively rapid reaction is seen in the reactions with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid—in all three starches in the first and in the two starches in the second. (6) The earliest period at which the three curves are best separated for differential purposes is in the sul- phuric-acid reaction within the 5-minute period; in that with pyrogallic acid at 45 minutes; and in that with chloral hydrate at 60 minutes. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section deals with the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 17 and Charts D 299 to D 304.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions with gentian violet and chromic acid; the same as those of the pollen parent in those with polarization, iodine, and safranin; the same as those of both parents in none; intermediate in none; highest in those with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid, in all three being closer to the seed parent ; and lowest in those with temperature and pyrogallic acid, in both being closer to the seed parent. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties (10 reactions): Same as seed parent, 2; same as pollen parent, 3; same as both parents, 0; intermediate, 0; highest, 3 ; lowest, 2. The seed parent, N. princess mary, has from these data exercised a far more potent influence than N. poeti- cus poetarum on the properties of the starch of the hybrid. CoMPOSITE CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reac- tion-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Narcissus princess mary, N. poeticus poe- tarum, and N. cresset. (Chart E 17.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The very close correspondence in the curves, both as to nearness and course. (2) In WN. princess mary in comparison with the other parent the higher reactions with gentian violet, chromic acid, and nitric acid; the lower reactions with polarization and iodine; and the same or practically the same reactions with chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and sulphuric acid. (3) In N. princess mary the very high sulphuric- acid reaction; the absence of any high reaction; the moderate reactions with iodine, safranin, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with polarization, gentian violet, temperature, and nitric acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. (4) In XN. poeticus poetarum the very high reaction with sulphuric acid ; the absence of any high reaction ; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, safranin, temperature, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with gentian violet, chromic acid, and nitric acid ; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. (5) In the hybrid the very high reaction with sul- phuric acid; the absence of any high reaction; the mod- 79 erate reactions with polarization, iodine, safranin, and chromic acid; the low reactions with gentian violet, tem- perature, pyrogallic acid, and nitric acid; and the very low reaction with chloral hydrate. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties (10 reactions) : Very ‘ Mod- Very high. High erate Low low. N. princess mary............. 1 0 4 4 1 N. poeticus poetarum......... 1 0 5 3 1 IN, @r6s86ts cue cu an eengae3aa4% 1 0 4 4 of 18. Comparisons oF THE StarcuEs oF Narcissus ABSCISSUS, N. PoETicus POETARUM, AND N. wiItt SCARLET. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and quali- tative reactions with the various chemical reagents the starches of the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development, which collec- tively in each case are distinctive, although all three starches are very much alike. In histologic properties the starches of the parents differ very little, and the same is also true of the polariscopic figures and reactions with selenite. In the iodine reactions no qualitative dif- ferences were recorded. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and sulphuric acid there are properties in common and also individualities. The starch of the hybrid in com- parison with the starches of the parents shows a closer relationship to Narcissus abscissus in the form of the grains, the character of the hilum, the character of the lamelle, and the size of the larger grains; but closer to the other parent in the size of the smaller grains. The eccentricity of the hilum is about the same in all three starches, and in the hybrid the lamelle are more distinct than in the parents, and the hilum is not so deeply and extensively fissured. In the polarization figures and reactions with selenite the relationship is closer to N. abscissus. In the qualitative iodine reactions it is closer to NV. poeticus poetarum. In all of the qualitative reac- tions with the chemical reagents peculiarities of both parents are observed, but the resemblances are, on the whole, closer to N. abscissus. Such differences as have been recorded are only of a minor character. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: N. abscissus, low to high, value 43. N. poeticus poetar., low to high, somewhat less than in N. abscissus, value 40. N. will scarlet, low to high, the same as in N. abscissus, value 43. Iodine: N. abscissus, light to moderate, value 40. N. poeticus poetar., light to moderate, somewhat less than in N. abscissus, value 45. N. will scarlet, light to moderate, the same as in N. poeticus poet- arum, value 45. Gentian violet: N. abscissus, light to moderate, value 33. N. poeticus poetar., light to moderate, somewhat more than in N. abscissus, value 35. N. will scarlet, light to moderate, higher than in either parent, value 37. 80 Safranin: N. abscissus, moderate, value 47. N. poeticus poetar., moderate, somewhat more than in N. abscissus, value 50. N. will scarlet, moderate, higher than in either parent, value 53. Temperature: N. abscissus, in majority at 69.5 to 71°, in all at 73 to 74°, mean 73.5°. N. poeticus poetar., in majority at 69 to 71°, in all at 71 to 73°, mean 72°. N. will scarlet, in majority at 69.8 to 71.9°, in all at 72 to 74°, mean 73°. The reactivity of N. abscissus is the same or practi- cally the same as that of the other parent in not a single reaction; higher in the polarization reaction; and lower in those with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and tem- perature. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of NV. abscissus in the polar- ization reaction; the same or practically the same as that of the other parent in the iodine reaction; and the highest of the three in the reactions with gentian violet and safranin; and intermediate but close to the seed parent in the temperature reaction. Table A 18 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes) : Taste A 18. gel elele reise s et nN oD bo an ba ise) st o Chloral hydrate: N. abscissus...............[..]..]..]..] 2] 4111/17/18 N. poeticus poetar..........]..]..]..].. /05] 6/ 9/11/)17 N. will scarlet..............].. 2] 3] 8|16} 18 Chromic acid: N. abscissus..............-f..]..]..1..] 4126181195 | 98 N. poetings poetari.cicgeses|aiclerdes lon | &)22) 65] 75186 N. will searlet..............].. 4] 49 | 83|97]|99 Pyrogallic acid: N. abscissug............-.-)-. )-.].-7.-- $23; 66179 | 88192 N. poeticus poetar..........].. 1 | 16 | 70 | 84 | 93 N. will scarlet..............].. 3 | 26 | 73 | 81 | 86 Nitric acid: N. abscissus............-.- .e|../}..|.. | 83} 66] 73 | 80 | 86 N. poeticus poetar..........]..}..}..1}.. | 10) 40] 53 | 60] 63 N. will scarlet..............]..]..]..].. | 61 | 78 | 82 | 87 | 91 Sulphuric acid: Ni. ele@legue ce sa eee cu | acid, and mercuric chloride (in two being nearer the Potassium sulphocyanate: seed parent, in one nearer the pollen parent, and in one as L. chalcedonicum....... 2 AGB EL ph epee ppp dob. close to one as to the other parent). a enn ee ae ad ices bs isa bei (ts ik “| fcf fp: |. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- Potassium sulphide: mopeyeyerer resis)" | ties: Same as seed parent, 4; same as pollen parent, 3; L. chalcedonicum. ...... 99). .]..J..1..1.]-.) ff .f.f fj. [same as both parents, 2; intermediate, 7; highest, 6; L. candidum........... OSM leveled lis beens Sle a olteeocle whens lowest, 4. i a lca a ak ae alae The seed parent in comparison with the pollen parent Sodium hydroxide: . : Sf L. chalcedonicum. ...... o4)..]..]..|..]..]..[--..)..[..)-[..[.. | has had a very potent influence in determining the prop- L. candidum...........| 88]..J..J..]..]..J--1..]--|..[..]--[-.[.. | erties of the starch of the hybrid. While there is a dis- L, testaceum.......---./ O4/..)..J--J..J--J--]--]--]--/--]--}--]-. | tinet tendency to intermediateness, there is an equal ak re a o tendency to sameness as regards one or the other parent, L. candidum...........| 3397). f--f. [01-1 P/E > | and a decidedly greater tendency to highest and lowest L, testaceum...........) 98]..J..J..]..]..[--[.-[.-[..[.-f--1..|-. | reactivities of the hybrid. Sodium salicylate: L. chalcedonicum....... ceeded. def. [40). .]90]99]. |. .]. feof. CoMPOSITE CURVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. L. candidum........... we efe ede]. -}. [25]. [45/95/99]. P. |. .].. : 7 L. testaceum...........J...]..,..]..]..J67]. .{89}99]. FJ. 6). ef. This section treats of the composite curves of the Calcium nitrate: reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the ss prea aie Se re re al A Ens be a7 | [cl | starches of Lilium chalcedonicum, L. candidum, and L. L. testaceum...........[-..[..] 8|..|. (a6). .fa5josl._|..]..[..|°. | testacewm. (Chart E28.) Uranium nitrate: The most conspicuous features of this chart are: Le chalcedonicum. eRe aoe bos ROP 2 be OO ecto alles atv abe alle oltea (1) The close correspondence of all three curves, L. testacoum. 200.2262 fook [ Jon{ fools 2) [cc 2 | with the exception of those in the reactions with chloral Strontium nitrate: ; hydrate and pyrogallic acid. It seems, judging from L. chalcedonicum.......]...]. ./54)..|. ./98]..|..|..|..]..]--]--|-- | this and other records, that the reactions with chloral L. candidum...........)...|. {16}. .|..|98)..|..]..|..|..]--[--|-. | hydrate, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid have a dis- Pathe aeearon br ee sales (OB fs sO Io |e aleoterteatesl+ei= | Aine tendency to be aberrant. This is seen in the reac- L. chalcedonicum....... ...[. zo}. .}. Joo}. .!95). 99]. .|..|..].. | tlons with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid of L. mar- L. candidum...........]...]..] 5). .}. .]60}. .|80). 497]. .|..|..|.. | ¢agon in Chart E 26; with chloral hydrate and pyrogallic read it tar oe rreveerenalavelea] WHe-}- (78). .183)--1871..1--1--1-> | acid of L, candidum, and in the pyrogallic-acid reaction L. chalcedonicum. ...... .[.-|86].-f..fog]..p..|..[....[..[..[.. | of the hybrid in this chart; and in the chromic-acid L. candidum........... ...|-.187). 4. -l99]..}..]..)..f..{--[..[.. | and pyrogallic-acid reactions of the hybrid, L. burbanki, L. testaceum........... ve ef (BT. f. /98)..)..]-.J--[--)--f-)-- | in Chart E 29. In most of the charts there is little or no Cupric chloride: differentiation of the three starches, as in the reactions L. chalcedonicum....... ceeds [44]. 1. /O8]. .J99}. 2). fo 27. -]. fe. Spa ee os ‘ : : e : ‘L.candidum........... .. |. 3). -[- |g] Jos}. -/. |. -|..).. | with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- L. testaceum........... - ++}. -]10}. .]. .|87]../97)99]....]..|..].. | sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya- Barium chloride: nate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- Deandidums =e. 0 f.22).2] 4 [leat |roy :feoleel |||; | phide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- L. testaceum........... .. |.. {16}. .|. Jez]. ./s5). Joslog)..|..|.. | trate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, Mereuric chloride: and mercuric chloride. The curves of the hybrid and oh shee soni eustges pales 2 --|- {99}. -J--J--f--fol-}j-+ | DL. candidum tend to be more closely related than the Te testaceum 2 00.0002(002]°S}ra! “1 faa} foo]. “| ff |. | cuaves of the hybrid and the other parent, or the curves of the parents. 100 (2) In L. chalcedonicum in comparison with that of the other parent, the lower reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature; the higher reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyro- gallic acid, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, and barium chloride ; and the same or practically the same with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potas- sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and mercuric chloride. (3) In L. chalcedonicum the very high reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium io- dide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with polarization, gentian violet, safranin, and chloral hy- drate; and the moderate reactions with iodine and temperature. (4) In ZL. candidum the very high reactions with gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, nitric acid, sul- phuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium gitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with polariza- tion, iodine, temperature, and barium chloride; and the moderate reactions with chloral hydrate and pyrogallic acid. (5) In the hybrid, the very high reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hy- drochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with polarization and barium chloride; and the moderate reactions with iodine, tem- perature, and pyrogallic acid. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very * Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low. low. L. chalcedoniéum.............] 20 4 2 0 0 Tg, CRI Uliva soa a aoe os eww 20 4 2 0 0 Ta testavedtids cscs 4a es as evans a 2 3 0 0 29. CoMPaRISONS OF THE SrarcHes or LitiuM PARDALINUM, L. PaRRYI, AND L. BURBANKI. In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reag- ents all three starches exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development, the sum of which in each case being characteristic of the starch. The starch of LL. parryt in comparison with that of L. pardalinum con- tains less numbers of compound grains and aggregates, and the grains are less irregular. The hilum is slightly less eccentric. The lamelle are less distinct, and less numerous, and there is an absence of a broad refractive lamella that is found in L. pardalinum. The sizes of the corresponding forms of the grains are distinctly less. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are some apparently minor differences. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. acid, potassium hydroxide, cobalt nitrate, and cupric chloride various differences are recorded which seem to be of minor importance. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents shows an absence of compound grains that are found in both parents; and the grains are more regular in form than in either parent. The hilum is less distinct, less often fissured, and less eccentric than in either parent. The lamelle are in general characters like those of the parents, but they are less numerous. The sizes of the correspond- ing forms of grains are about mid-intermediate between those of the parents. In the polariscopic and selenite reactions the relationship of the hybrid is closer to L. parryt, but in the qualitative reactions closer to L. pardalinum. In the qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, potassium hydroxide, cobalt nitrate, and cupric chloride the relationship of the hybrid is closer to L. pardalium, but there are many instances of close- ness to the peculiarities of L. parryi, especially in the chloral-hydrate and chromic-acid reactions. The in- fluences of L. parryi are quite obvious, although, as a whole, superseded by those of the other parent. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: L. pardalinum, low to high, value 55. L. parryi, low to high, lower than in L. pardalinum, value 50. L. burbanki, low to high, the same as in L. parryi, value 50. Todine: L. pardalinum, light to moderate, value 40. L. parryi, moderate, much higher than in L. pardalinum, value 55. L. burbanki, light to moderate, the same as in L. pardalinum, value 40. Gentian violet: L. pardalinum, moderate to deep, value 65. L. parryi, light to moderate, very much less than in L. pardalinum, value 40. L. burbanki, moderate, more than in L. parryi, value 45. Safranin: L. pardalinum, moderate to deep, value 65. L. parryi, light to moderate, very much less than in L. pardalinum, value 35. L. burbanki, light to moderate, more than in L. parryi, value 40. Temperature: L. pardalinum, in majority at 58 to 60.5°, in all at 61 to 63°, mean 62°, L. parryi, in majority at 47 to 48.5°, in all at 51 to 52°, mean 51.5°. L. burbanki, in majority at 64 to 66°, in all at 67 to 68.5°, mean 67.75°. The reactivity of L. pardalinwm is higher than that of the other parent in the polarization, gentian-violet, and safranin reactions; and lower in the iodine and tem- perature reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of L. pardalinum in the iodine reaction; the same or practically the same as that of L. parryi in the polarization reaction; lowest of the three in the temperature reaction; and interme- diate in the gentian-violet and safranin reactions. The hybrid in the iodine and temperature reactions is closer to L. pardalinum than to L. parryi, but in the polariza- tion, gentian violet, and safranin reactions closer to the latter parent. Table A 29 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (sec- onds and minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Inlium pardalinum, L. parryi, and L. bur- bankt, showing the quantitative differences in the be- havior toward different reagents at definite time-inter- vals. (Charts D 373 to D 378.) These starches in common with the other lily starches are generally very sensitive to gelatinizing agents, but TaBue A 29. LILIUM. 158, 308. 2m. 3m. 4m. 10 m. 15 m. 30 m. 55 m. 60 m. Chloral hydrate: L. pardalinum.............6-[e-{eefeefeefeeefee L. parryi Te Wuthinaktnians eansecve occ vec toaleela lawl Chromic acid: L. pardalinum Dec DART so baw waren da $a 84 8 fE yn [EGNOS L. burbanki..............00-feefeebe ede Pyrogallic acid: L. pardalinum............0..fe-feefe ede dee [ee Ls parrviers esc ence cute wea |e lon teabeys [eacailsa L. burbankis sc cee cic ce sa awe ere er ee One) ettaes ee Nitric acid: L. pardalinum............... Le DAV neice ced ae tesa aes L. burbanki..............06. Sulphuric acid: L. pardalinum...............]-- L. parryi Ls burbattkdesccacaxccasasseales Hydrochloric acid: L. pardalinum............... Tos DALTYA wiv ss ba hers Brae vee L. burbanki...............2. Potassium hydroxide: L. pardalinum............... L. parryl osc ss as es ge os eee 2 L. burbanki........ 0... 00005 Potassium iodide: L. pardalinum L. parryi L. burbanki Potassium sulphocyanate: L. pardalinum L. parryi Le burbanltiecsccccca oes eens Potassium sulphide: L. pardalinum............... Tos DaTLy bass ceiis sie fie Gvians wee L. burbanki Sodium hydroxide: L. pardalinum............--- L. parryi L. burbanki Sodium sulphide: L. pardalinum............4-. Tie PALTV Ase icguce cee ees SEs F L. burbanki Sodium salicylate: L. pardalinum...........2---Je-fe-].-[-- L. parryi Es Dueb ar eh sca sniel cc niietonnete Reva cectne fiusal oun lioue, [ecco Calcium nitrate: L. pardalinum L. parryi Le burbanktsjscscciicosncew caja Me - Uranium nitrate: L. pardalinum...........-.+.[.-[.. L. parryi Lyn barbankliescacencentusees|eoles Strontium nitrate: Cobalt nitrate: L. pardalinum..............-[.-]. Li DATT YAS salie iauorensiancdeaonvodia ete dle Tis Durbankd sac sccalsserscescectie oon afer allies Copper nitrate: L. pardalinum...............).-1.. L. parryi Le burbething,.cncavacnaeae afi ndi s Cupric chloride: L. pardalinum...............)..4.. L. parryi L. burbanki.......... 0.0.0.0]. 0]. Barium chloride: L. pardalinum............... ip allie y L. parryi i PURDRREN.. ca cede oe ee teas Mercuric chloride: L. pardalinum............... eecalltae: Ti PETG ncn dean ue ial de deve oe lee L. burbanki................-[. 0... ‘lgel. .|. . 9lj.. 95}. . 55}. . Bolo ladle cls 44).. 82!.. 70). . 97]. . 97)... 95}. . ) 98] czas earallies' hee 77 95 96 . (84 (97 . 188 {80 195 ‘71 .|99}. . 90 80 95 83 SHOB ie bascdlcaleerlevelusloalaslns 95]. .}.. 99]. .}.. 99]. .}.. 99 98]. .}.. -{99). 2]. .4.. 86 99]. .|..]..].. 99]. .)../..].. 99}. .1..],.].. OO |. elie allie Shave [eee 98}. silo ster te eles 99). he ea fa ote s 98). les [oa [oeles 90). . 95). . 99). . 60}. . .|90 95]..|.. {100}. 2}. foe]. ded. fee 88}. . oes (ae (ee 85). . 99). .]..|.. 90). . 98}. . 66]. . 88}... 90)... 97 - [93 95). .|.. 98)..|. |. [99] ec) ens» {100}. 2)... .[. fee]. ye. 101 there is, on the whole, distinctly less sensitivity than of any of the four preceding groups, particularly as re- gards the hybrid. As a rule, however, the data are not of much usefulness excepting in very few instances for chart making. Gelatinization is nearly or practi- cally complete in 15 to 30 seconds in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sul- phide. In the reactions with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide there are distinct indi- cations of lower reactivity of the hybrid than of the parents. Gelatinization goes on very rapidly in all three starches during the first 1 to 3 minutes in the other reactions, so that in nearly all (excepting those with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, sodium salicylate, and cupric chloride) at least 90 per cent of the total starch is broken down within this period. In occasional in- stances the hybrid is comparatively resistant, as in the reactions with chromic acid, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, in some of which the resistance is quite marked or only noticeable during the first minute. There are also suggestions of differences in the parents, L. pardalinuwm showing generally a marked tendency to greater resistance than L. parryi. In these reactions the hybrid is generally distinctly closer to L. pardalinum than to the other parent, this being in accord with the findings in the histologic and quantitative peculiarities, and in the light, color, and temperature reactions. Referring to the charts, it will be seen that all three curves in each reaction tend to be from close to very close, the parental curves run- ning together in five out of the six reactions, and the hybrid with the curves of L. parryi in the sodium-sali- cylate reactions. In all six charts the curves of L. parryi are higher than the curves of L. parryi in the reactions with chromic acid, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, keeping very close together, yet show- ing quite definite differences in the reactions. The hybrid curve is intermediate in the chloral-hydrate reaction; distinctly the lowest in those with chromic acid, pyro- gallic acid, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride ; and nearly the same as L. parryi (at first inter- mediate) with sodium salicylate. There is in general a tendency to less reactivity of the hybrid than of the parents. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A29 and Charts D 373 to D 378.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the iodine and calcium-nitrate reac- tions; the same as those of the pollen parent in the polarization reaction ; the same as those of both parents in the potassium hydroxide reaction, in which the reac- tions occur too rapidly for differentiation ; intermediate in the reactions with gentian violet, safranin, chloral hy- drate, sulphuric acid, sodium salicylate, and barium chlo- ride (in four being closer to those of the pollen parent, and in two closer to those of the seed parent) ; highest in none; and lowest in those with temperature, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, po- tassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sul- phide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in nine being 102 closer to those of the seed parent, and in seven being as close to one as to the other parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Same as seed parent, 2; same as pollen parent, 1; same as both parents, 1; intermediate, 6; highest, 0; lowest, 16. The seed parent has according to these data to a far greater degree than the other parent influenced the prop- erties of the starch of the hybrid. The tendency to low- est reactivity of the hybrid is even more conspicuous than the leanings to the seed parent. Intermediateness is fairly well marked. ComposiTE CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Lilium pardalinum, L. parryi, and L. bur- banki. (Chart E 29.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The generally very close correspondence of all three curves, the most noticeable variations in the case of the parents being in the reactions with gentian violet and safranin; and of the hybrid with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mer- curic chloride. There is no satisfactory differentiation of the three starches in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide ; there is no differentiation of the parents in the copper-nitrate reaction, and not a very marked differentiation in those with calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mer- curic chloride. The hybrid curve tends to be somewhat erratic, and inclining to keep low and even below the parental curves, this being especially noticeable in the reactions with temperature, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. With weaker reagents where the reactions occur with great rapidity, as in the nine reactions from nitric acid on to sodium sulphide, inclusive, this tendency would doubtless be made even more conspicuous. On the whole, the hy- brid curve is much more closely related to the curve of L. pardalinum than to that of L. parryi. (2) In L. pardalinum, in comparison with the other parent, the higher reactions with polarization, gentian violet, and safranin ; the lower with iodine, temperature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the same or practically the same reactions as those of the other parent with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- droxide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and copper nitrate. (3) In L. pardalinum the very high reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with gentian HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. violet, safranin, temperature, and chloral hydrate; the moderate reactions with polarization and iodine. (4) In L. parryi the very high reactions with tem- perature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, reac- tions ; the absence of a high reaction; the moderate reac- tions with polarization, iodine, and gentian violet; and the low reaction with safranin. (5) In the hybrid the very high reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hy- droxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, po- tassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride; the moderate reac- tions with polarization, gentian violet, safranin, and tem- a and the low reactions with iodine and pyrogallic acid. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Very r Mod- Very high. High. erate Low low. L. pardalinum................ 20 4 2 0 0 L. parryi... .................] 22 (9) 3 1 0 L. burbanki..................] 16 4 4 2 i) Notes ON THE LILIEs. The starches of the various species of lilies belong to the quick-reacting group and they are universally so rapidly gelatinized by nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydro- chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- tassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide that satisfactory differ- entiation is not possible, excepting with reagents of different concentration from those used in this research. Even with most of the other chemical reagents, they often react so rapidly that convincing differential data are not obtainable with the concentrations employed. The only reagents in the concentrations used that are really useful are chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium salicylate, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride. But in the reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature conclusive data were usually recorded. The hybrids tend in each case to be more closely related in the sum total of their characters to one or the other parent, and with far less inclination to interme- diateness than to identical development or to excessive or deficient development beyond parental extremes. The tendency to exceed parental extremes is particularly well marked in the curve of ZL. burbanki, where there is shown a very distinct inclination to be below the lower of the parental curves. In the first and fourth groups, the hybrids are more closely related on the whole to the pollen parents ; and in the second, third, and fifth groups to the seed parents. The general relationship of the LILIUM—IRIS. hybrids to their respective parents in their quantitative reactions are exhibited in the following summary, the figures being, however, of an absolutely tentative charac- ter, because many of the reactions recorded as sameness are so only because the concentrations of the reagents were not adapted to elicit differences of a positive character. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: ¥.1/2.] 2 Sa | oe Ba] 3 ; sel 28/25/ 2 | a | 3 o Cire] o o ga) g2)/gea/ 2] a/ & a oa) na fe) ies] | L. marhan............ 0 5 9 6 1 5 L. dalhansoni.........| 4 1 9 9 2 1 L. golden gleam....... 4 4 5 2 7 4 L. testaceum.......... 4 3 2 7 6 4 L, burbanki... .. 4.44.8; 2 1 1 6 0 16 The general picture presented by the five charts is that of a definite generic type, the curves bearing close relationships in their courses; but with a tendency to variability in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, and pyrogallic acid, this latter indicating a marked molecular instability in relation to these special reag- ents. There is not the least evidence of subgeneric grouping such as was found in certain other genera stud- ied, this being in accord with the findings in the pre- ceding research in which it was stated upon the basis of that preliminary work that the division of Lilium into the six subgenera noted is probably botanically artificial. The curves of Lilium martagon and its horticultural variety L. martagon album very closely coincide, the curve of the former inclining, where satisfactory differ- ences can be made out, to be somewhat lower than that of the former, as in the reactions with polarization, iodine, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride; and rarely higher, as with safranin and chloral hydrate, the latter being the only one that is important. It is of interest to note that in the fourth group L. chalcedonicum (subgenus Martagon) is crossed with L. candidum (subgenus Fulirion), yielding L. testaceum, which latter is classed in the subgenus Martagon and in the same subdivision of the subgenus as DL. chalce- donicum. In this research the hybrid shows in the sum total of its characters a closer relationship, as a whole, to LZ. chalcedonicum than to the other parent. Thus, in the form of the grain, general characters of the hilum, characters and arrangements of the lamelle, polariscopic figure, appearances with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, qualitative reactions with the various chemical reagents, and quantitative reactions in the polarization, iodine, chloral-hydrate, and chromic- acid reactions it is closer to L. chalcedonicum; but in eccentricity of the hilum, size of the grains, and quanti- tative reactions with gentian violet, safranin, pyrogallic acid, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, and barium chloride it is distinctly much closer to the other parent. Curi- ously, while the foregoing data, as a whole, indicate a much closer relationship of the hybrid to L. chalcedont- cum, the composite curves indicate the contrary, but this contradiction may be explained upon the basis of inade- quate analysis with the chemical reagents, because of the 103 great rapidity of many of the reactions. From the fore- going, qualitative data may be more important in the recognition and differentiation of starches than quanti- tative data, although theoretically one should expect them to go hand in hand. 30. CoMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF [RIS IBERICA, I. rrogana, anp I. 1smMaqt. In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and quali- tative reactions with various chemical reagents, the starches of the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development, the sum of which in each case is characteristic of the starch. The starch of Iris iberica in comparison with that of I. trojana contains few aggregates, and more compound grains of more types; the grains are more irregular; and flatten- ing of the distal end of elongated elliptical grains is more common. The hilum is more distinct and more fre- quently fissured. The lamelle are coarser and more dis- tinct; more apt to be irregular, especially between the hilum and the distal margin, following in their course the curvature of the notch in the distal margin; and the number is larger. The common sizes are larger— longer and broader or longer and of the same width than in the other parent. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are a number of dif- ferences of an apparently minor character. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate there are various differences, probably for the most part unimportant. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents contains a less number of aggregates than in either parent; more compound grains than in J. iberica but less than in J. tro- jana; and the grains are much more irregular than in I. wberica and more irregular than in I. trojana. The hilum in character is more closely related to I. iberica, but in eccentricity to the other parent. The lamelle are in character, arrangement, and number more closely re- lated to I. tberica. The size is less than in either parent, but closer to I. iberica. In the degree of polariza- tion and qualitative iodine reactions the relationship is closer to I. iberica, but in the qualitative polarization and selenite reactions closed to the other parent. In the qualitative chemical reactions there are leanings here and there to one or the other parent, but on the whole the relationships are much closer to J. iberica. It is of interest to note that a feature of I. iberica may be accen- tuated in the reactions of the hybrid. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: I. iberica, low to high, value 50. I. trojana, low to moderately high, lower than in I. iberica, value 45. I. ismali, low to moderately high, lower than in either parent, value 40. Iodine: I. iberica, light to moderate, value 40. I. trojana, moderate, deeper than in I. iberica, value 50. I. ismali, light to moderate, the same as in I. iberica, value 40. Gentian violet: I. iberica, light to moderate, value 40. I. trojana, moderate, deeper than in I. iberica, value 50. I. ismali, light to moderate, the same as in I. iberica, value 40. 104 Safranin: I. iberica, moderate, value 45. I. trojana, moderate, deeper than in I. iberica, value 50. I. ismali, moderate, the same as in I. iberica, value 45. Temperature: I. iberica, in the majority at 69 to 70°, in all at 71 to 72.5°, mean 71.75°. I. trojana, in the majority at 70 to 71.5°, in all at 73.2 to 75°, mean 72.1° I. ismali, in the majority at 69 to 71°, in all at 72 to 74°, mean 73°. The reactivity of J. iberica is higher than that of the other parent in the polarization and temperature experi- ments, and lower in iodine, gentian-violet, and safranin reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of I. cberica in the iodine, gentian-violet, and safranin reactions; the lowest of the three in the polarization reaction; and intermediate be- tween those of the parents in the temperature reaction. The hybrid is nearer to I. iberica in the iodine, gentian- violet, and safranin reactions, nearer to the other parent in the polarization reactions, and intermediate in the temperature reaction. Table A 30 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Iris iberica, I. trojana, and I. ismalt, show- ing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time-intervals. (Charts D 379 to D 399.) The most conspicuous features of this group of curves are: (1) The closeness of all three curves, indicating not only a corresponding relationship of the parents, but also very little modification of parental peculiarities in the hybrid. As regards the latter, the tendency of the curve is to follow closely that of one or the other parent or be of some degree of intermediateness. The only instances where there seems to be a notable inclina- tion for separation of the curves are in the reactions with chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, sodium sulphide, cal- cium nitrate, and mercuric chloride; and with the ex- ception of the last the hybrid curve is between the parental curves and distinctly closer to the curve of one or the other parent. (2) The lower reactivity of I. iberica in comparison with the other parent with all of the chemical reagents (excepting in the very rapid sulphuric-acid and the very slow cobalt-nitrate and barium-chloride reactions, where the parental curves are practically absolutely the same), the absence of differentiation doubtless being due to the extreme slowness of gelatinization. (3) The variable position of the hybrid curve in relation to the parental curves in the various reactions, with a very definite tendency to intermediateness or low- ness. In some of the reactions one of the three starches may at first be comparatively slow in reacting, followed by a comparatively rapid reaction, so that the relations of the curves are changed. This is seen in the pyrogallic- acid, strontium-nitrate, and copper-nitrate reactions, in which the hybrid curve is the lowest at the end of 5 min- utes and subsequently intermediate; in the calcium- nitrate reactions, where the curve of J. trojana is the low- est at 5 minutes and then the highest and well separated from the other curves; and in, uranium-nitrate reaction where the parental curves change their relative positions after 5 minutes. The sulphuric-acid chart shows nodiffer- entiation, but the figures at the end of 2 minutes indicate the order of reactivity as follows: I. trojana, I. ismali, and I. iberica, making the hybrid intermediate. The HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. Tasie A 30. THO bon Nn wn ~ hon oO ~ o Chioral hydrate: I. iberica...........000/ 0. 6 39 | 50 | 60 | 64 I. trojana..............].. 18 51 | 77 | 88 | 93 yi (1001: a rr 10 42 | 76 | 86 | 90 Chromic acid: Pe iberiea sy sicesiecae naidctare 6 70 | 90 | 971 99 I. trojana..... 29 90)98)..].. TE Aamall ivesare acai casa: oes 9 80 | 92 | 98 | 99 Pyrogallic acid: I. iberica.............. oe 22 72 | 81 | 86 | 90 Dy. COAG cncuecy een eee 28 77 | 84 | 93 | 96 Tdsmali. oes cneee-ea uns 16 75 | 81 | 92 | 96 Nitric acid: pS | 5) :) 2 (ce ee ea 58 73 | 77 | 81 | 84 ss a ae 70 82 | 86 | 90 | 93 Distal, secs scicaw sissy ovscav ei seco 58 76 | 82 | 89 | 92 Sulphuric acid: Lotberes a esiecaccnieccssos| oe | 8B 99 Le tro) otltoss oe cn ay eons .. | 98 99 De iomalli. ... i200 eee aw. [OL 97 Hydrochloric acid: DA DOTIOG se. cise ciivscsrexdrenerendal ars 53 63 | 72 | 81 | 86 de TO ANB ny a5 gpa we ony ed gy 72 83 | 88] .. | 90 DACA ey 9% 04 oe ee weae ee 64 82 | 87 87 Potassium hydroxide: be Us) ot: a 8 82 85 | 89 | 93 | 95 I. trojana.............. 84 92/96)../96 I. ismali............... 77 81 | 84 | 88 | 93 Potassium iodide: Tiiberica s< es sc scieecwel as 52 68 | 78 | 86 | 89 a: 58 83 | 92 | 93 | 94 Tatemiali.............425 sa0t.8 65 85 | 89 | 91 | 93 Potassium sulphocyanate: I. iberica.............. .. | 84 90 97 TitrO] an ayes cies eiasiesvaie .. | 88 95 98 AS ASMAli x sca nccaseuneand es | 82 93 97 Potassium sulphide: Ty Ube ried. 0.6 .s.c0 dia Sse 4 5| 6] 7] 8 cs: ee 6 11 | 16 | 20 | 23 BAB MAL oe oie prnveserscecncve 5 10/13; ../13 Sodium hydroxide: Tvibeteaisis io se nescwas .. | 59 80 88 | 95 | 97 | 97 I. trojana.............. .. | 75 87 91 | 95 | 97 | 97 Litamialis esscecscasaes .. | 60 82 94 | 96 | 98 | 98 Sodium sulphide: I. iberica.............. a 14 34 | 47 | 55 | 58 I. trojana.............. a 39 58 | 67 | 72 | 77 Mi Mer ai sessce-acceislaescnpanie ae 17 35 | 53 | 69 | 75 Sodium salicylate: Liibericas oc eecesawns 55 | 89 | 99 I. trojana.............. 77199 I. ismali............... 75 | 99 Calcium nitrate: I. iberica.............. 13 30 | 45 | 54 | 60 TD) trO JAB a4 wainteacainars 7 66 | 71 | 75| 79 Tolsmaliie gsc ence heen 19 32 | 48 | 54 | 62 Uranium nitrate: I. iberica,............. 10 20 | 22 | 25 | 29 I. trojana.............. oe 5 25 | 32 | 40 | 45 T.ismali............... 1% 19 32 | 48 | 54 | 62 Strontium nitrate I. iberica...........5.. 12 48 | 67 | 78} 80 I. trojana.............. a 21 69 | 80 | 86 | 88 T.ismali............... me 10 50 | 68 | 80 | 86 Cobalt nitrate: I. iberica............4. wt 2 4| 6] 7| 8 Ta trojan ais cise saa ee ears ag 1 3] 8} 9] 9 Tismaliccccssasasnneas 0.5 2])..]..}] 3 Copper nitrate: I. iberica.............. 12 19 | 50 | 54 | 61 I. trojana.............. 16 25 | 70) 76/81 Liem sscmncccnman acces 4 22 | 54 | 60} 63 Cupric chloride: Liberiea: cvcxnesecaiess 2 10 42 | 61 | 64} 70 I. trojana.............. 15 50 | 70| 77} 81 TSHSTIAL sys. csninstiecerarniat ore 5 22 | 51! 61 | 68 Barium chloride: I. iberica.............. gg 1 5] 9] 10) 11 TL. trojaniawcwdcannawksenas «| 2 6| 7; 9/11 Ty ismali. occ ic asacvess . (0.5 1{ 2} 3] 5 Mercuric chloride I. iberica...........--- 3 11 | 15 | 22 | 52 De trojane oiecsccorsecarovsoeses ay 6 18 | 32] 40 | 46 I. ismali..........- eer ee 0.5 3] 8] 9/12 IRIS. hybrid and I. trojana curves are practically absolutely the same and above the I. iberica curve in the reactions with sodium salicylate; almost identical with the parental curves in the reaction with potassium sulphocyanate ; at first intermediate and then the highest of the three in the reactions with sodium hydroxide, although there are but little differences ; and the highest and then intermediate in the reactions with potassium iodide, tending to be close to the curve of I. trojana. The hybrid curve is lower than the parental curves in the reactions with potassium hydrox- ide, cupric chloride, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, although the cobalt-nitrate and barium-chloride curves are very little different from the parental curves; and the highest throughout the 60 minutes in the uranium-nitrate reaction. (4) In very few reactions is there a marked period of early resistance followed by a comparatively rapid gelatinization. A brief period of early resistance of all three starches is suggested by the curves of the strontium- nitrate reaction, and of one or the other parent or the hybrid in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and copper ni- trate, especially in the last. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated to differentiate the starches varies with the different reagents. Approxi- mately, this period occurs within 5 minutes in the reac- tions with pyrogallic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, uranium nitrate, and cop- per nitrate; at 15 minutes with chromic acid, potassium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and cupric chloride; at the end of 30 minutes with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium sulphide, and sodium sulphide; and at the end of 60 minutes with cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride (with the last perhaps at the end of 30 to 45 minutes). REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A30 and Charts D 379 to D 399.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the iodine, gentian violet, and safranin reactions ; the same as those of the pollen parent with potassium iodide and sodium hydroxide; the same as those of both parents with potassium sulphocyanate and sodium hydroxide; intermediate with temperature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate (in four being closer to the seed parent, in two being closer to the pollen parent, and in six being mid-intermediate) ; the highest with uranium nitrate, and nearer that of the pollen parent; and the lowest with polarization, potassium hydroxide, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride (in three being closer to the seed parent, in one closer to the pollen parent, and in two being as close to one as to the other parent). The following is a summary of reaction-intensities: Same as seed parent, 3; same as pollen parent, 2; same as both parents, 2 ; intermediate, 12 ; highest, 1 ; lowest, 6. It seems from the foregoing data that the seed parent has exercised much more influence than the pollen parent on the characters of the starch of the hybrid. Apart from this the most conspicuous features are the marked tendency to intermediateness and a tendency to lowness of the hybrid. 105 ComposITE CuRVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Iris iberica, I. trojana, and I. ismali. (Chart E30. The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The closeness of all three curves, the parental curves running so closely together as to suggest very closely related species (J. iberica is, however, relegated to Oncocylus and I. trojana, to Apagon, well-separated subgenera of the rhizomatous series). (The groupings of the Irids by different botanists are by no means the same, and it is recognized as being questionable if the classification of the entire genus must not be reconstructed. ) (2) The curve of I. iberica tends, with the exception of the polarization and temperature reactions, to be below that of I. trojana; but the differences are usually slight, and most marked in those with iodine, gentian violet, temperature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, cal- cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride. (3) The curve of the hybrid wavers in its parental relationships, sometimes being closer to one parent and at others to the other, with for the most part a tendency to sameness or intermediateness, occasionally above or below parental extremes. (4) In J. iberica, the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium sali- cylate; the high reactions with chromic acid and sodium hydroxide; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, pyrogallic acid, and potassium hydroxide; the low reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper ni- trate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) In JI. trojana, the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium sali- cylate; the high reactions with chromic acid and sodium hydroxide ; the moderate reactions with polarization, io- dine, gentian violet, safranin, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium iodide; the low reactions with temperature, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cop- per nitrate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reac- tions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (6) In the hybrid, the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicyl- ate; the high reactions with chromic acid and sodium hydroxide; the moderate reactions with polarization, io- dine, gentian violet, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium iodide; the low reactions with temperature, hydrochloric acid, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, stron- tium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very ‘ Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low. low. To iberi@as. i. 3 ecegee i geen aes ees 3 2 7 9 5 I. trojana................... 3 2 10 6 5 Teistoa o.5.0.5.5.24 avauns os casas 3 2 9 8 4 106 31. Comparisons OF THE STARCHES OF [RIS IBERICA, I. cenerarti, anp I. poraK. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reac- tions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with various chemical reagents, the starches of the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development, the sum of which in each case is characteristic of the starch. The three starches are very much alike, and notwithstanding the very close resemblances of the parental starches the hybrid starch shows clearly evidence of biparental in- heritance. The starch of Iris iberica in comparison with that of I. cengialti contains more compound grains and aggregates, and there are two types of compound grains in the former that are not present in the latter; the grains are not quite so regular in form; and elongated elliptical grains are more common, but ovoid forms less common. The hilum is more distinct, less often fis- sured, and more eccentric. The lamelle are less dis- tinct, not quite so coarse, and more numerous. The size is somewhat less, with variations in ratio of length to width that are interesting. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative reactions there are various differences. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, hydro- chloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate, there are many differences and indi- vidualities, several of the latter being quite striking. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the parental starches contains more compound grains and aggregates than in either parent, and the compounds are of the two types found in J. tberica, but not in the other parent; the grains are less regular than in either parent. The relationship is on the whole distinctly closer to I. iberica. The hilum in character is closer to I. iberica, but in eccentricity to the other parent. The lamella in charac- ter are closer to I. cengialti, but in number to I. iberica. The size is somewhat less than in either parent, and, on the whole, closer to I. cengialti. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are lean- ings here and there toward one or the other parent, but, on the whole, the relationship is much closer to I. iberica. In the qualitative chemical reactions the latter statement holds with equal force. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: I. iberica, low to high, value 50. I. cengialti, moderately high to high, higher than in I. iberica, value 60. I. dorak, low to high, the same as in I. iberica, value 50. Iodine: I. iberica, light to moderate, value 40. I. cengialti, moderate, deeper than in I. iberica, value 45. I. dorak, light to moderate, the same as in I. iberica, value 40. Gentian violet: I. iberica, light to moderate, value 40. I. cengialti, moderate, deeper than in I. iberica, value 45. I. dorak, moderate, deeper than in either parent, value 50. Safranin: I. iberica, moderate, value 45. I. cengialti, moderate, deeper than in I. iberica, value 50. I. dorak, moderate, the same as in I. cengialti, value 50. Temperature: I. iberica, in the majority at 69 to 70°, in all at 71 to 72.5°, mean 71.5°. I. cengialti, in the majority at 70 to 72° mean, in all at 74 to 76°, mean 75°. I. dorak, in the majority at 68 to 70°, in all at 70 to 72°, mean 71.5°. The reactivity of I. iberica is lower than that of the other parent in the polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and safranin reactions, and higher in the temperature reaction. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of I. zberica in the reactions with polarization and iodine; the same or practically the HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. Taste A 31. aye]e eye els fele: al n oO ~~ a Lond nl oO w o -Chloral hydrate: I. iberica.............. 6 39 | 50 | 60 | 64 I. cengialti ............ 10 34 | 52 | 62 | 66 Di dor aks csssissscscosiesiscaisens 6 17 | 33 | 44] 50 Chromic acid: P.AbDerica.. 65 scdaversiacate wes 6 70 ; 90 | 97! 99 I. cengialti............. 10 63 | 90 | 95 | 99 Oy AGA. co nwannawde ean 29 86 | 95 | 97 | 98 Pyrogallic acid: I. iberica.............. ee 22 72 | 81 | 86} 90 I. cengialti............. <8 4 45 | 71| 78) 84 Te dora iio: acai ericigeeinies | ae 20 70 | 85 | 911 96 Nitric acid: T Suet its s erence epucien es 58 73 | 77 | 81 | 84 1. cengialth, ccc ia ccanean| ws 12 66 | 73 | 83 | 90 Li AOTR noe ade herman we 65 78 | 81 | 84 | 89 Sulphuric acid: Tiberias: ssn ans avecroiene .. | 85 99 I. cengialti............. 89 99 Tidorak: occas cvasaseni| 92 99 Hydrochloric acid: Uh iberiea « .ccceis a c0xe eH 53 63 | 72 | 81] 86 I. cengialti............. es 60 82|90).. | 92 T OrG scan ¢ 0 aca ei eed 60 82 | 92 92 Potassium hydroxide: T. iberies.... ¢. 2. cacs aia ae 82 85 | 89 | 93 | 95 I. cengialti.............].- 75 85 | 90 | 93 | 94 Ly Gerais ac cede vawseer ars 66 80 | 86] .. | 90 Potassium iodide: 1. UDetIES... . ccs cae inane « 52 68 | 78 | 86 | 89 I. cengialti.............]-- 50 82 | 86 | 91 | 93 A OPA oo ban Kaw eanee oe 75 89 | 93 | 94 | 95 Potassium sulphocyanate I. iberies.... 102 cn een cas .. | 84 90 97).. I. cengialti............. va | BL 91 95 | 98 I, dorakivs 65 ocean xe ee (OCT 90 95 Potassium sulphide: I. iberiea 0.662250 6s] we 4 5| 6| 7] 8 I. cengialti............. oe 3 4; 5]/10;10 We SA ee cte ee ices al So 4 6| 8] 9/12 Sodium hydroxide: I. iberica......-.......,.. | 59 80 88 | 95 | 97 | 97 I. eengialtic. ..5c000.020) 20 | $0 74 89 | 95 | 95 | 96 T.. dorakie séciscg aan egg 65 80 90/95] 95) 96 Sodium sulphide: Ly Werth oc eecsas os oe) ox 14 34 | 47 | 55 | 58 T. eengialtiv. cas sccasacsl es 6 48 | 60 | 66 | 66 Jes eee eens ee 27 47 | 60 | 66} 70 Sodium salicylate: I. iberica. ............-]-- 55 | 89 | 99 ¥, eengialliinis ccs a acx we] ns 55 | 95 | 99 Z Ts. orakes.csiasin nace cwivssns or 47 | 90| 99 * Calcium nitrate: el: Se ere be 13 30 | 45 | 54| 60 I. cengialti............. ae 6 41 | 59 | 63 | 68 1, Gone cecyaececeavad xe 14 28 | 48 | 60| 68 Uranium nitrate: I. iberica.........2....[-- 10]... | 20] 22| 25] 29 I. cengialti.............).- 2 10 | 20 | 33 | 36 L, doralins cxciengsuwews 5 18 | 32 | 39 | 46 Strontium nitrate LeTOFGS ss casan anaes es Aer 12 48 | 67 | 78 | 80 I. cengialti......... eae alse 12 58 | 71 | 78 | 86 Te dorak’ys cos 54435 see | 20 55 | 65 | 72 | 79 Cobalt nitrate: Ty. 1DGYi08.. «5c eee eae] ao 2 4] 6) 7] 8 I, céngialti.... ...6. 5s ecel oe 1 2, 5) 6) 7 Ti dora, esccsveicseretea ase i 0.5 3] 4) 5] 6 Copper nitrate: I. iberica.............. on 12 19 | 50 | 54 | 61 I. cengialti............. fe 10 30 | 50 | 57 | 60 Te dorak’..o 35 ss0a054800,0) ae 20 28 | 50 | 55 | 58 Cupric chloride: I. iberica.............. a 10 42 | 61 | 64| 70 I. cengialti.............).. a 15 | 55 | 62 | 68 T.-dorakes coc 4s ieee ans is 15 56 | 64! 66 | 70 Barium chloride: Ly there: cscs e240 a0 case] 1}. 6{ 9]10/11 I. cengialti............. a 0.5}. 1] 2) 3] 6 ts) | See eee on 1 5} 6] 8/12 Mercuric chloride: pS Loy) Cu: oe ee «| & 11] 16 | 22 | 26 1. cergialtins «dei s ce ee a . (0.5 21 3) 9112 1. dorak’s¢. evs cs cses xe) ae 6 11] 17} 21 | 22 IRIS. same as that of the other parent in the safranin reaction ; and the highest of the three in the temperature reaction. The hybrid is nearer J. tberica than to I. cengialti in the polarization, iodine, and temperature reactions, but nearer the other parent in the gentian violet and safranin reactions. Table A 31 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Iris iberica, I. cengialtt, and I. dorak, showing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time-intervals. (Charts D 400 to D 420.) The most conspicuous features of this group of curves are: (1) The closeness of all three curves, occasionally almost identical, indicating corresponding relationships of the parents and little modification of parental pecu- liarities in the hybrid. The hybrid curve relative to the parental curves shows marked variability in so far as it sometimes follows one or the other parent closely, or is the highest or the lowest or tends to intermediateness, as the case may be. The hybrid curve inclines to differ as much from the parental curves as the latter do from each other. The tendency to separation of the parental curves is more marked in this group than in the previous group, and with the exception of the reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sul- phide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, and barium chlo- ride there is more or less marked separation, with a tendency generally for two of the three curves to keep close, sometimes the two parental curves and at others one parental curve with the hybrid curve. In some of the reactions noted there is definite although unimportant separation, as in those with sodium salicylate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and barium chloride. (2) The sameness or marked closeness of the pa- rental curves in the reactions with chloral hydrate and chromic acid; the sameness or marked closeness of all three curves with sulphuric acid, potassium sulphocya- nate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sali- cylate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and copper nitrate; the sameness or marked closeness of the hybrid curve with one or the other parental curve with pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, calcium ni- trate, and mercuric chloride. (3) The varying positions of the hybrid curves in relation to the parental curves in the different reactions, and the marked tendency for the hybrid curves to be higher or lower than the parental curves with almost not the least tendency to intermediateness. (4) In a few instances there is evidence of a com- paratively marked early resistance of one or two or all three starches, as the case may be, as in I. iberica in the chloral-hydrate and I. iberica and I. cengialti in the chromic-acid reactions ; in I. cengialti in those with pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride. This peculiarity, in so far as the parents are concerned, is therefore almost confined to I. cengialtt, and it is not observed in the hybrid unless perhaps in the uranium nitrate reaction. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated to differentiate the starches varies with the different reagents. Approxi- mately, this period occurs within 5 minutes in most of the reactions, including the reactions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, 107 potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- phide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- trate, and copper nitrate; at the end of 15 minutes with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium iodide, strontium nitrate, and cupric chloride; and at the end of 60 minutes with potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. In some of these cases there is little or no practical dif- ferentiation at these respective periods. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE Hysprip. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 31 and Charts D 400 to D 420.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions with polarization, iodine, sodium hydroxide, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the same as those of the pollen parent in those with safranin, hydrochloric acid, and potassium sulphide ; the same as those of both parents in the cobalt-nitrate reaction ; intermediate in that with calcium nitrate, and closer to the seed parent; highest in those with gentian violet, temperature, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium iodide, sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride (in six being closer to the seed parent, in five closer to the pollen parent, and in one as close to one as to the other parent) ; and lowest with chloral hydrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate (in one being closer to the seed parent, in two closer to the pollen parent, and in one as close to one as to the other parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 5; same as pollen parent, 3; same as both parents, 2; intermediate, 1; highest, 11; lowest, 4. The seed parent has apparently influenced to a more marked extent than the pollen parent the properties of the starch of the hybrid. The sameness to the seed parent coupled with the tendency to closeness to the seed parent in the reactions in which the hybrid is in excess of the parents is quite marked. The tendency to the highest or lowest reactivity of the hybrid is quite conspic- uous, this being noted in more than half of the reactions. Composite CURVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the Bai). of Iris iberica, I. cengialti, and I. dorak. (Chart 1. The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The marked closeness of all three curves through- out, there being no tendency in any reaction for a marked departure of any one curve from the other two. The curves are so close as to suggest either very closely re- lated species or mere varieties, the latter rather than the former. The species are, however, classed in different subgenera: I. iberica in Oncocyclus, and I. cengialti in Pogoniris and Regelia. I. cengialti is regarded as being probably a dwarf variety of I. pallida, which it closely resembles. For the most part the differences in the curves fall within or close to the limits of error of experiment, so that little or nothing of importance can be gained from a critical comparison. At some points one parental curve is higher than the other; and the hybrid curve courses with one or the other or both parental curves, here and there running above or below both. (2) In I. tberica, the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium sali- cylate; the high reactions with chromic acid and sodium 108 hydroxide ; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, pyrogallic acid, and potassium hydroxide; the low reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper ni- trate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (3) In I. cengialti, the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium sali- cylate ; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, and sodium hydroxide; the moderate reactions with io- dine, gentian violet, safranin, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium hydroxide, and potassium iodide; the low reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (4) In the hybrid, the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate; the high reactions with chromic acid and so- dium hydroxide; the moderate reactions with polariza- tion, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium iodide; the low reactions with chloral hydrate, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, stron- tium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very i Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low. low. DA DOT CA sesso tease eco receintemnigavorgy ers 3 2 7 9 fi] I. cengialti...................] 3 3 6 9 5 L.dotaks.o.iccasycincceevevs| 8 2 10 6 5 32. Comparisons oF THE StarcuEs oF IRIs cEN- GIALTI, I, PALLIDA QUEEN OF May, aND I. mrs. ALAN GREY. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reac- tions with selenite and iodine, and with various chemi- cal reagents the starches of the parents and hybrid ex- hibit properties in common in varying degrees of de- velopment, the sum of which in each case is characteristic of the starch. Inasmuch as one of the parents is prob- ably merely a dwarf form of the other, but little difference is to be expected between either parents or parents and hybrid. The starch of I. cengialti in comparison with that of I. pallida queen of may contains fewer compound grains and aggregates ; the grains are less irregular, more rounded, but not so slender. The hilum when not fis- sured is more distinct ; more often, more deeply and more extensively fissured; and the eccentricity is greater. The lamella are usually not so distinct, coarser, and ex- hibit a notch corresponding to a notch in the distal margin that was not noted in I. pallida queen of may. The size of the grains is somewhat larger. In the polari- scopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions many differences are recorded. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate various differ- ences are noted, some of them quite individual and dis- tinctive. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents contains compound grains and aggregates in about the same numbers and of the same types as in I. pallida queen of may; the grains are more regular than in either parent. In certain respects the HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. form is closer to that of I. cengialti, but in most features closer to that of the other parent. The hilum is in character closer to I. pallida queen of may, but the eccentricity is greater than in either parent, yet closer to this parent. The lamelle are less distinct than in either parent, but they are in their general characters closer on the whole to I. cengialéi. The size is less than in either parent, but closer to J. pallida queen of may. The polariscopic and selenite reactions are closer to those of I. pallida queen of may, but the qualitative iodine reactions are closer to those of the other parent. In the qualitative reactions with the chemical reagents the hybrid is very much more closely related to I. pallida queen of may. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: I. cengialti, moderately high to high, value 60. I. pallida queen of may, low to high, lower than in I. cengialti, value 50. I. mrs. alan grey, low to high, lower than in either parent, value 45. Todine: I. cengialti, moderate, value 45. I. pallida queen of may, moderate, less than in I. cengialti, value 35. J. mrs. alan grey, moderate, deeper than in either parent, value 50. Gentian violet: I. cengialti, moderate, value 45. I. pallida queen of may, moderate, slightly deeper than in I. cen- gialti, value 48. I. mrs. alan grey, light to moderate, less than in either parent, value 40. Safranin: I. cengialti, moderate, value 50. I. pallida queen of may, moderate, slightly deeper than in I. cen- gialti, value 52. I. mrs. alan grey, moderate, less than in either parent, value 45. Temperature: I. cengialti, in the majority at 70 to 72°, in all at 74 to 76°, mean 75°. I. pallida queen of may, in the majority at 71 to 73°, in all at 75 to 75.8°, mean 75.4°. I. mrs. alan grey, in the majority at 69 to 70°, in all at 73 to 74.5°, mean 73.75°, The reactivity of I. cengialti is higher than that of the other parent in the reactions with polarization, iodine, and temperature; and lower with gentian violet and safranin. With the exception of the first two the differences are small, and in the case of temperature probably within the limits of error. The reactivity of the hybrid is the lowest of the three in the polarization, gentian-violet, safranin, and temperature reactions, and the highest of the three in the iodine reactions. The hybrid is closer to J. cengialti than to that of the other parent in the iodine, gentian-violet, safranin, and temp- erature reactions, but the reverse in polarization reactions. Table A 32 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Iris cengialti, I. pallida queen of may, and I. mrs. alan grey,showing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time- intervals. (Charts D 421 to D 441.) The most conspicuous features of this group of charts are: (1) The closeness of all three curves, with the ex- ception of the chloral-hydrate reaction, in which the curves markedly diverge after the first 5 minutes. Ex- cepting the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride, there is sufficient separation of the curves, one or more, to permit of more or less satisfactory differentiation. It is of particular interest to note that the parental curves tend to a more marked closeness than does the IRIS. TaBie A 32. Ci :/8)8]e8]4/ 4 Ble lsielelSialeisis Chloral hydrate: I. cengialti............. 10 34 | 52 | 62 | 66 I. pallida queen of may.. 10 55 | 72 | 83 | 84 I. mrs. alan grey.... ... 14 72|95|99].. Chromic acid: I. cengialti............. 10 63 | 90 | 95 | 99 I. pallida queen of may. . 5 40 | 81 | 95 | 98 I. mrs. alan grey........ 6 57 | 86 | 95 | 98 Pyrogallic acid: I. cengialti............. 4 45 | 71 | 78 | 84 I. pallida queen of may.. 4 30 | 67 | 84 | 92 I. mrs. alan grey........ 5 16 | 56 | 66 | 78 Nitric acid: I. cengialti............. 12 66 | 73 | 83 | 90 I. pallida queen of may.. 9 62 | 70 | 79 | 81 I. mrs. alan grey........ 10 63 | 71 | 80 | 83 Sulphuric acid: I. cengialti.........5005 89 99 I. pallida queen of may.. 89 99 I. mrs, alan grey........ 93 99 Hydrochloric acid: T. Cengiallse: ccc ck unas 60 82/90] .. | 92 I. pallida queen of may. . 64 80 | 84]... | 86 I. mrs. alan grey........ 20 62 | 75 | 86 | 86 Potassium hydroxide: 1, Genpialtds 5400-84 0085 75 85 | 90 | 93 | 94 I. pallida queen of may. . 72 86 | 90 | 91 | 93 I. mrs. alan grey........ 66 73 | 81 | 88 | 90 Potassium iodide: I. cengialti............. 50 82 | 86 | 91 | 93 I. pallida queen of may. . 30 75 | 83 | 88 | 90 I. mrs. alan grey........ 37 53 | 77 | 81 | 83 Potassium sulphocyanate: I. cengialti............. .. | 81 91 | 95 | 98 I. pallida queen of may. . 75 89 | 95 | 96 I. mrs. alan grey....... 66 77 | 90 | 93 Potassium sulphide: I. cengialti............. 25 3 4] 5}|10/10 I. pallida queen of may..| .. 2 6/10;..]10 I. mrs. alan grey........ 1 2/ 6 6 Sodium hydroxide: I. cengialti............. 50 74 89 | 95 | 95 | 96 I. pallida queen of may. . 58 75 90 | 92 | 95 | 95 I. mrs. alan grey........ 45 64 75 | 90 | 93 | 94 Sodium sulphide: I. cengialti............. 6 48 | 60 | 66 | 66 I. pallida queen of may. . 12 50 | 53 | 59 | 62 I. mrs. alan grey........ 7 20 | 31 | 40 | 52 Sodium salicylate: I. cengialti............. 55 | 95 | 99 r I. pallida queen of may. . 80/99] .. : I. mrs. alan grey........ 97 | 99 3 Calcium nitrate: I. cengialti............. 6 41 | 59 | 63 | 68 I. pallida queen of may..| .. 7 45 | 50 | 56 | 60 I. mrs. alan grey........ 23 10 26 | 38 | 48 | 50 Uranium nitrate: I. cengialti............. 2 10 | 20 | 33 | 36 I. pallida queen of may. . 4 9] 18 | 25] 29 I. mrs. alan grey........ 2 71/12/19] 24 Strontium nitrate: I. cengialti............. 12 58 | 71 | 78 | 86 I. pallida queen of may.. 10 46 | 54 | 63 | 68 I. mrs. alan grey........ 8 23 | 43 | 50 | 55 Cobalt nitrate: Il. cengialti...cccccceees ae a | 2) 5| 6| 7 I. pallida queen of may..| .. . 10.5 Ui Bc) I. mrs. alan grey........ OS ae) 2 BS Copper nitrate: I. cengialti............. 10 30 | 50 | 57 | 60 I. pallida queen of may.. 12 25 | 36 | 48] 51 I. mrs. alan grey........ 5 12} 20 | 30] 31 Cupric chloride: I. cengialti............. ihe 2 15 | 55 | 62 | 68 I. pallida queen of may..| .. 6 19 | 48 | 60 | 63 I. mrs. alan grey........ 3 7/42 | 44/48 Barium chloride: I. cengialti............. . 40.5 t/ 2) Bt 4 I. pallida queen of may.. . 10.5 2} 3) 4] 6 I. mrs. alan grey........ 1 2/..] 4] 45 Mercuric chloride: I. cengialti............. 40.5 2) 3] 9) 12 I. pallida queen of may. . « (08 5] 9/10/14 - |0.5 1] 2] 4] 4 I. mrs. alan grey........ 109 curve of the hybrid to either parent or to intermediate- ness. In fact, there is an inclination for the parental curves to be paired in their course and for the hybrid curve to be distinctly above or below the parental curves. In the chromic-acid reactions there is well-marked in- termediateness of the hybrid, and in those with potas- sium, iodine, sodium sulphide, and cupric chloride a transient intermediateness during the first 5 minutes; but in this group, with the exception of the potassium iodide reaction, the differences in the curves of the three starches are slight and fall within the limits of error of experiment. (2) The lower reactivity of I. cengialtt in compari- son with the other parent in the reactions with chloral hydrate and sodium salicylate; the higher reactivities in those with chromic acid, pyrogalliec acid, potassium io- dide, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate; the same or nearly the same reactivities with hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sul- phocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the same reactivities also with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride, in which the reactivities of all three starches are the same or practically the same. (3) The curves of the hybrid bear varying relations to the parental curves. The absence of sameness in any instance to the seed parent, the almost entire absence of intermediateness of the curve, and the very marked ten- dency to the curve being the highest or lowest of the three are very striking. This low tendency is a most interesting peculiarity considering the very close rela- tionship of the parents, and it recalls the same but even more marked peculiarity of the hybrids of the well- separated parents—A maryllis belladonna and Brunsvigia josephine. (4) In a few reactions there is evidence of an early period of resistance, and this may be noticeable in regard to one or more of three starches in any reaction. ‘This resistance is seen in all three starches in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, strontium nitrate, and cupric chloride; with I. cen- gialti in the sodium-sulphide reaction ; with both parents in that with calcium nitrate; and with the hybrid in that with cupric chloride particularly. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated to differentiate the starches varies with the different reagents. Approxi- mately, this period occurs within 5 minutes in the reac- tions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium hydrox- ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate reactions; at 15 min- utes with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, and strontium nitrate ; at 30 minutes with copper nitrate and cupric chloride; and at 60 minutes with potassium sul- phide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. In a number of cases the assign- ment is very questionable, so that the classification must be looked upon as having merely a tentative value. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A32 and Charts D 421 to D 441.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in no reaction; the same as those of the pollen parent in that with cobalt nitrate; the same as those of both parents in those with nitric acid, sul- phuric acid, and barium chloride, in all of which the 110 progress of gelatinization is too fast or too slow for differentiation; intermediate with chromic acid, and closer to that of the seed parent; highest with iodine, temperature, chloral hydrate, and sodium salicylate (in one being nearer the seed parent, and in three nearer the pollen parent); and lowest with polarization, gentian violet, safranin, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, po- tassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in five being closer to the seed parent, in nine closer to the pollen parent, and in three being as close to one as to the other parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties :. Same as seed parent, 0; same as pollen parent, 1; same as both parents, 3; intermediate, 1; highest, 3; lowest, 17. Three features stand out most conspicuously: the more marked influence of the pollen parent on the proper- ties of the starch of the hybrid, the remarkably strong tendency for the curve of the hybrid to be above or below the curves of the parents, especially to be below, and the almost entire absence of intermediateness. CoMPosITE CURVE OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES, This section treats of the compo8ite curve of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Iris cengialti, I. pallida queen of may, and I. mrs. alan grey. (Chart E 32.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The closeness of all three curves, excepting in the reactions with chloral hydrate, calcium nitrate, ura- nium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride, in all of which, excepting the first, the separation is within comparatively narrow limits, and in all the separation is due in a large measure or solely to the hybrid curve going above or falling below the parental values, a tendency that was also recorded in the histologic and qualitative peculiarities and the reac- tion-intensities expressed by light, color, and temperature reactions of this summary. (2) The curve of Iris cengialtt tends to be higher than that of I. pallida queen of may in the reactions with polarization, iodine, temperature, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium iodide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; lower with gentian violet, safranin, chloral hydrate, and pyrogallie acid; and the same or practically the same with chromic acid, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hy- droxide, sodium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. In several of the reactions where the curves differ they are so close as to be probably within the limits of error of experiment, as in the reactions with temperature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride. Charts D421 to D 441 are to be taken with these data in determining differences in reactivity, but the differences will doubt- less be found to hold excepting for slight variations. (3) The curve of the hybrid is variable in its relations to the parental curves, commonly exhibiting either an inclination to be the same as the curve of one or both parents or to be above or below, but not to intermediate- ness. In Chart D 442 in the chromic-acid reactions there was definite intermediateness up to the 45-minute rec- ord, and there were also transient intermediate tendencies in other reactions (see preceding section) ; but these are not apparent in this chart, owing to inherent defects of construction. HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. (4) In I. cengialti, the very high reactions with sulphuric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate ; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, and sodium hydroxide; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium hydroxide, and potassium iodide; the low reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) In I. pallida queen of may the very high reac- tions with sulphuric acid and sodium salicylate; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, potassium sul- phocyanate, and sodium hydroxide; the moderate reac- tions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, and potassium iodide; the low reactions with temperature, chloral hy- drate, pyrogallic acid, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride; and the very low reactions with potassium sulphide, ura- nium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, barium chloride, and mer- curic chloride. (6) In the hybrid, the very high reactions with sulphuric acid and sodium salicylate; the high reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, potassium sulpho- cyanate, and sodium hydroxide reactions; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safra- nin, and potassium hydroxide ; the low reactions with tem- perature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, and strontium nitrate; and the very low reactions with potas- sium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very i Mod. Very high. High erate. Low low. To Wemealiics « ee po caoeseggann 3 2 7 9 5 I. pallida queen of may....... 2 4 7 8 5 I. mrs. alan grey............. 2 4 5 8 7 38. Comparisons oF THE Srarcues oF Ikn1s PERSICA VAR. PURPUREA, I. SINDJARENSIS, AND I. pursinp. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reac- tions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reagents all three starches exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development, the sum of which in case of each starch is distinctive of the starch. The starch of Iris stnd- jarensis in comparison with that of I. persica var. pur- purea contains many more compound grains, all of the same types but in different proportions; and the grains are much more regular in form. The hilum is not so often or so deeply and extensively fissured; there is an ab- sence of a single fissure in compound grains which passes through all of the hila, as was noted in the other parent ; and eccentricity is usually greater. The lamellae are not so coarse and are more regular, and the number is larger. The size is smaller. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are various differences. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, hydro- chloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, and mercuric chloride there are also many differences which on the whole definitely individualize each parent. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents contains a less number IRIS. of compound grains than in either parent; irregularity is intermediate; and, on the whole, the resemblances are distinctly closer to J. persica var. purpurea. The hilum in character is closer to I. persica var. purpurea, but in eccentricity closer to J. sindjarensis. The lamelle in character and number are closer to I. persica var. purpurea. The size is closer to I. sindjarensis. In the polariscopic and selenite reactions the relationship is closer to I. persica var. purpurea, but in the qualitative iodine reactions closer to I. sindjarensis. In the quali- tative reactions with the chemical reagents the leanings to one or the other parent are numerous and marked, but on the whole much more to J. persica var. purpurea than to the other parent; moreover, a feature that is characteristic of one parent may be accentuated in the hybrid, this being noted especially in the reactions with sodium hydroxide and sodium salicylate. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: I. per. v. pur., moderately high to very high, value 70. I. sindjarensis, moderately high to very high, higher than in I. persica var. purpurea, value 75. I. pursind, moderately high to high, lower than in either parent, value 65. Todine: I. per. v. pur., moderate, value 55. I. sindjarensis, moderate, less than in I. persica var. purpurea, value 50. I. pursind, moderate, the same as in I. sindjarensis, value 50. Gentian violet: I. per. v. pur., moderate, value 45. I. sindjarensis, moderate, less than in I. persica var. purpurea, value 43. I. pursind, light to moderate, less than in either parent, value 40. Safranin: I. per. v. pur., moderate, value 50. I. sindjarensis, moderate, less than in I. persica var. purpurea, value 47. I. pursind, moderate, less than in either parent, value 45. Temperature: ” I. per. v. pur., in the majority at 64 to 66°, in all at 68 to 70°, mean 69°. I. sindjarensis, in the majority at 63.5 to 65°, in all at 66 to 67°, mean 66.5°. I. pursind, in the majority at 64.5 to 66°, in all at 68 to 70°, mean 69°. The reactivity of I. persica var. purpurea is higher than that of the other parent in the iodine, gentian violet, and safranin reactions, and lower in the polarization and temperature reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the same as that of I. persica var. purpurea in the temperature reaction; the same or practically the same as that of I. sindjarensis in the iodine reaction ; and the lowest of the-three in the polar- ization, gentian violet, and safranin reactions. The hy- brid is closer to I. persica var. purpurea than to the other parent in the polarization and temperature reac- tions ; and the reverse in the iodine, gentian violet, and safranin reactions. Table A 33 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Iris persica var. purpurea, I. sindjarensis, and I. pursind, showing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at different time- intervals. (Charts D 442 to D 462.) The most conspicuous features of this group of curves are: (1) The marked closeness of all three curves throughout the various reactions, the only reaction in which there is a marked tendency to continually in- creasing differentiation during the 60 minutes being Tasie A 33. Seo belle le lola ke ~ a Cn) + wn con onl oD ~ o Chloral hydrate: J, ete Vi MU esenkaees) ve 12) .. | 20 | 30 | 36 | 36 J. sindjarensis.......... e8 10) .. | 12 | 241] 25 | 30 I. pursind.............. ah 10) .. | 15 | 28 | 36} 36 Chromic acid: I. per. v. pur..........-].. 11) .. | 83 | 91 | 95 | 97 I. sindjarensis..........|.. 25} .. | 85 | 92) 97 | 98 I. pursind..............].. 12] .. | 85 | 92/97] 98 Pyrogallic acid: L Pete Vi Pile ap ce aveeee| gs 66) .. | 98| 99 TJ. sindjarensis.......... ws 71 98 | 99 I. pursind..............].. 82 99 Nitric acid: L | ae 3, | | a rare aoe 78)... | 95) 98 I. sindjarensis.......... 90} .. | 98 | 99 I. pursind.............. 87] .. | 98} 99 Sulphuric acid: I. per. v. pur...........].. | 86/95 99. I. sindjarensis.......... ve (OT 99| . I. pursind.............. 99 100) . Hydrochloric acid: I. per. v. pur........... 95)... | 96 | 99 I. sindjarensis.......... 98]... |.<|99 I. pursind.............. 95 99 Potassium hydroxide: Te POPs fVi POP seis scecece die elf oe 80} .. | 98! 99 I. sindjarensis..........) .. 85} .. | 98 | 99 FPO oc ences es an pant ba 95} .. | 98) 99 Potassium iodide: : Ae POt. CoM cx as ae eal oi 95 96 | 99 I. sindjarensis..........| .. 98 99 I. pursind.............-/ 0. 99} . Potassium sulphocyanate: I. per. v. pur...........1.. 198 99 I. sindjarensis.......... 99 99 I. pursind.............. 99 99} . Potassium sulphide: Esper. V. Purses es cener sl oy 11}..|14/20].. | 21 I. sindjarensis..........].. 22} .. | 33] 37] 40| 40 I. pursind..............1.. 12]... | 16 | 22 | 23 | 23 Sodium hydroxide: T, Per. We PUP... no wee] oa | OBOE 99; . I. sindjarensis..........|.. | 95 99). I. pursind..............].. 197 99 Sodium sulphide: Lb. Ol e. PUP isa wnical gy 67; .. | 95 | 98 I. sindjarensis..........) .. 79| .. | 96! 98 I. pursind..............].. 73 95 | 99 Sodium salicylate: Ti Pet Ve PUP cc cs ee coal 27| 50 | 75 | 99 I. sindjarensis.......... 16| 47 | 70 | 99 I. pursind.............. 33] 62 | 79 | 99 Calcium nitrate: I. per. v. pur........... 32 82 | 89| 95 | 96 I. sindjarensis..........|.. 46 86 | 90 | 95 | 97 I. pursind..............].. 28 80 | 90 | 95 | 98 Uranium nitrate: I. per. v. pur........... se 16) .. | 66 | 84} 95 | 97 I. sindjarensis.......... xs 47| .. | 86} 95 | 97/ 98 I. pursind..............) 0. 17] .. | 75 | 90 | 96 | 98 Strontium nitrate: TL. Pho Ve PUFiccacccwcusl| ag 24|.. | 89} 98 I. sindjarensis..........|.. 45| .. | 92198 I. pursind..............] 0. | 39] .. | 90199 Cobalt nitrate: I. per. v. pur........... ae 4/.. | 25) 36) 43 | 44 I. sindjarensis.......... os 12/.. ; 40/50)... | 51 I. pursind............../ 2. 6) .. | 26 | 36 | 43 | 44 Copper nitrate: I. per. v. pur........... 54]... | 82} 95/97] 98 b sindjarensis Sm edocs 58) .. | 86 | 96 | 96 | 98 Ts PUMA. oo ee ecco x 43 80 | 95 | 97 | 99 Cupric chloride: I. per. v. pur........... 38) .. | 80/95) 98 I. sindjarensis........../.. 64 95 | 98199 I. pursind.............. es 49 95 | 99 | 99 Barium chloride: I. per. v. pur........... 8)... | 16] 32| 43 | 47 s ST ahs sees 10)... | 37] 51} 58 | 68 2 PUPSING wn. Se es ds 12 | 22 Mercuric chloride: ie Ts Pee. WPF ss cc eecnad} cu 23)... | 77 | 87195196 I. sindjarensis.......... ae 34]... | 80| 88] 95 | 96 I. pursind............../.. 35] .. | 82] 90] 97 112 in that with barium chloride. In all other instances the most marked differentiation is noted early in the reactions, with an inclination for the differences to become less during the progress of the reactions. In many instances the curves are so close as not to permit of satisfactory differentiation, unless it be within the first 5 minutes, as in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, sodium sul- phide, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; in others there may be as good or better differentiation at a later period, as in the reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium sul- phide, sodium salicylate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride. Gelatinization occurs with such speed in the reactions with potassium sulphocyanate and sodium hydroxide as to render satisfactory differentiation impossible. (2) The higher reactivity of I. persica var. purpurea than of the other parent in the reactions with chloral hydrate, sodium salicylate, and calcium nitrate ; the lower reactivity with chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the same or practically the same reactivity with pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and cupric chloride. In some of the reactions where the curve is higher or lower the differences are unimportant and probably fall within the limits of error of experiment. (3) The variable position of the hybrid curve in rela- tion to one or both parental curves. There is a distinct tendency to intermediateness, and one also equally strong for the curve of the hybrid to be above or below the parental curves. (4) There is an entire absence of any marked ten- dency to a period of early resistance followed by rapid reaction. There are mere suggestions of such resistance as, for instance, in I. persica var. purpurea and the hybrid in the chromic-acid and uranium-nitrate reactions; and of I. sindjarensis in the sodium-salicylate reaction. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated to differen- tiate the starches varies with the different reagents. Approximately, this period occurs within 5 minutes in the reactions with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium suphocyanate, sodium hy- droxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chlo- ride, and mercuric chloride; at 15 minutes with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, and cobalt nitrate ; and at 60 minutes with barium chloride. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 33 and Charts D 442 to D 462.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent with temperature, potassium sulphide, and cobalt nitrate; the same as those of the pollen HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. parent with iodine and sulphuric acid; the same as those of both parents in the reactions with chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- cyanate, and sodium hydroxide; intermediate with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, uranium nitrate, and strontium nitrate (in one being closer to the seed parent, in two closer to the pollen parent, and in two mid-intermediate) ; highest with pyrogallic acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in two being closer to the seed parent, in two closer to the pollen parent, and in one as close to one as to the other parent) ; and lowest with the polarization, gentian violet, safranin, calcium nitrate, copper nitrate, and barium chloride (in four being closer to the seed parent, and in two closer to the pollen parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 3; same as pollen parent, 2; same as both parents, 5; intermediate, 5; highest, 5; lowest, 6. The influences of the seed and pollen parents seem to be about equal, slightly in favor of the former. Inter- mediateness is recorded in about one-fifth of the reac- tions, and highness and lowness in about two-fifths, CoMPosITE CuRVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Iris persica var. purpura, I. sindjarensis, and I. pursind. (Chart E 33.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The marked closeness of all three curves through- out, the most noticeable differences being in the reac- tions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, potassium hydroxide, uranium nitrate, cupric chloride, and barium chloride. In all other reac- tions (17 out of 26) the curves are nearly or practically identical, their closeness indicating very closely related parental species, or more likely varieties. (2) The curve of I. persica var. purpurea tends to be lower than that of the other parent in the reactions with polarization, temperature, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cupric chloride, and barium chloride ; higher with iodine, gentian violet, and safranin ; and the same or practically the same with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, so- dium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, and mercuric chloride. (3) The curve of the hybrid follows very closely the curves of the parents, it being closer to or identical with the curve of one or the other, or identical with both. (4) In I. persica var. purpurea the very high reac- tions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- phide reactions; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and meruric chloride ; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride. IRIS. (5) In I. sindjarensis the very high reactions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and cupric chloride; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and mercuric chloride; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature; the low reactions with cobalt nitrate and barium chloride reactions ; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate and potassium sulphide. (6) In the hybrid the very high reactions with pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sul- phocyanate, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature ; and the very low reac- tions with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, and barium chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities : Very ‘ Mod- Very high. High erate. Low. low. I. persica var. purpurea....... 9 9 4 0 4 I. sindjarensis................] 10 8 4 2 2 Te PUYSIDM ceo 5 5 ceed aa ww 9 9 9 4 0 4 Notes on THE IRIsEs. Among the very striking features of the four charts are: The closeness of all three curves in each chart and the wavering relationship of the hybrid curve to one or the other or both parental curves, occasionally going above or below parental extremes in Charts E 30, E 31, and E33, and frequently (15 out of 26 reactions) in Chart E 32; the close correspondence of the curves of the three sets of rhizomatous irids (Charts E 30, E 31, and E 32); and the very definite differentiation of the curves of the rhizomatous and tuberous series. In the first set the cross is between members of the | subgenera Ococyclus and Apagon; in the second set, between members of the subgenera Ococyclus and Pogo- niris and Regelia; in the third set, between members of the subgenus Pogoniris and Regelia; and in the fourth set, between members of the subgenus Juno. In the three sets of rhizomatous irids the curves are so nearly alike as to suggest that the subgeneric division of Has- selbring referred to in Part IJ is botanically largely artificial, and that the primary division into rhizomatous and tuberous groups is well founded in expressing funda- mental botanical differentiation. Although only one set of tuberous irises was studied in detail in this research, cursory investigations were made with other members of this series (including J. histrio Reichb., I. tingitiana Boiss and Reut., I. reticulata M. Bieb., I. alata Poir., and I. caucasica Hoftm.; the first three belonging to the sub- genus Xiphion and the last two to the subgenus Juno), in all of which the reactions were in close correspondence with those of this set. In the previous research with irid starches it was found that the members of the rhizo- 8 113 matous series have in comparison with those of the tuber- ous series, besides different histologic properties, a lower degree of polarization, lower reactivities with iodine, higher reactivities with gentian violet and safranin, and distinctly higher temperatures of gelatinization. Owing to improper strengths of the reagents, evidence was not recorded that is satisfactory to differentiate the starches then studied; but there was clear evidence of grouping of the two series, the members of the rhizomatous series having, as a whole, higher reactivities with chloral hy- drate and chromic acid, and lower reactivities with ferric chloride and Purdy’s solution. These results are in accord with those of the present research, there being in the rhizomatous series mean lower reactivities with pola- rization and iodine, higher reactivities with gentian violet and safranin, higher temperature of gelatinization, higher reactivity with chloral hydrate, the same or a tendency to a higher reactivity with chromic acid, and a lower reactivity with potassium hydroxide. The types of curves of the rhizomatous and tuberous irids, respectively, differ chiefly in the relative lowness of the rhizomatous curve in the reactions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride, and the highness in those with chloral hydrate and sodium salicylate. Probably among the irids will be found some species or hybrid that will, as in case of the crinums, bridge the two series. Owing to the almost invariable closeness of the three curves in each set, opportunity is rarely afforded for a satisfactory study of the relationships of the hybrid to one or the other or both parents. It will be seen by the following summary, the figures of which are to be taken as having only tentative values, that the different hy- brids vary in their parental relationships, especially in their intermediate, highest, and lowest records. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties of the hybrids as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents: = a Oe LE g£ 2 28 a| 8 aeagiee! 8] ¢ o/F Ala s 8 a | 3 © Blo glo & a o pega ge es) a & wn |nm |n 4/814 Eeismaali, tagsctasd satdonaaaunmeeeona) +8 2 2 | 12 1 6 VsdOt akin caer aaecanwen gi sdesigleiell OD 3 2 1} 11 4 dohata.. alan erevecsiccacudceye¢acencl DB 1 3 1 3117 Epursindsahe acuta se eclewesee camel (o 2 5 5 & 6 The differences in the reactive-intensities of the rhi- zomatous and tuberous series are indicated in the fol- lowing table: Very , Mod- Ve high. High. erate. Low. ed Rhizomatous series: I. iberica-trojana-ismali.....| 3 2 8.7 pre 4.7 I. iberica-cengialti-dorak....| 3 3.1 8.9 8 5 I. cengialti-pallida-mrs. grey | 2.3 3.3 9.7 8.3 5.7 Tuberous series: I. persica-sindjarensis-pursind| 9.3 8.7 4 0.7 3.1 114 34. Comparisons OF THE STARCHES OF GLADIOLUS CARDINALIS, G. TRISTIS, AND G. COLVILLEI. In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reac- tions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with chemical reagents the parents and the hybrid exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development and also individualities which collectively are in each case distinctive, although the starches show characters in general that are closely akin. The starch of Gladiolus tristis in comparison with that of G. cardinalis exhibits as prominent differences certain peculiarities of the aggregates and an absence of a type of compound grain that is found, and the pres- ence of another type of compound grain that is not found in G. cardinalis; and sharply defined pressure facets are more common. The hilum is less distinct; an irregular cavity at the hilum is often larger and more irregular; fissuration is more common; and eccentricity is greater. The lamelle are less distinct and numerous. The size of the grains is less. In the polariscopic, selenite, and quali- tative iodine reactions there are many differences which seemingly are of a minor character, yet which collec- tively are quite diagnostic. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate there are many differences, mostly minor, some individualizing one or the other parent. The starch of the hybrid in com- parison with the starches of the parents contains certain compound grains similar to a type found only in G. car- dinalis and also a linear type of aggregate that is found only in G. tristis. There are many minor differences, but the grains are on the whole more closely related to those of G. cardinalis. The hilum exhibits more numer- ous clefts and the fissuration is more varied than in either parent ; eccentricity is about the same as in G. tristis and greater than in G. cardinalis; but in general characters the hilum is more like that of G. cardinalis. The lamelle in character are mid-intermediate, but the number is in excess of the numbers in the parents. The size is closer to that of G. tristis. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are leanings to one or the other parent, but the relationship is on the whole much closer to G. cardinalis. In the qualitative chemi- cal reactions there are corresponding leanings and relationships. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: G. cardinalis, high to very high, much higher than in G. tristis, value 85. G. tristis, moderate to high, value 65. G. colvillei, high to very high, not quite so high as in G. cardinalis, value 80. Todine: G. cardinalis, moderate to deep, the same aa in G. tristis, value 60. G. tristis, moderate to deep, value 60. G. colvillei, moderate to deep, lighter than in either parent, value 55. Gentian violet: G. cardinalis, moderate, higher than in G. tristis, value 50. G. tristis, light to moderate, value 40. G. colvillei, moderate, intermediate between the parents, value 47. Safranin: G. cardinalis, moderate, deeper than in G. tristis, value 53. G. tristis, light to moderate, value 45. G. colvillei, moderate, the same as in G. cardinalis, value 53. Temperature: G. cardinalis, majority at 83 to 84.5°, all at 84 to 86°, mean 85°. G. tristis, majority at 76 to 78°, all at 78 to 79°, mean 78.5°. G. colvillei, majority at 78 to 80°, all at 82 to 83°, mean 82.5°. The reactivities of G. cardinalis are higher than those of G. tristis in the polarization, gentian violet, and safra- nin; lower in the temperature reaction; and the same in that with iodine. The reactivities of the hybrid are in- HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. Tasie A 34. a ee =| * wn Lan! oO ~t o Chloral hydrate: G. cardinalis..............- 22 | 45) 51 | 53 | 53 (Gy tYISti8. 2 cou e sexe aees wie 39 | 47 | 53 | 54 | 55 G. Golvillél,.......2... 2454 aa es 17 | 25 | 34 | 43 | 44 Chromic hydrate: G. cardinalis.............-. a 4| 20] 75 | 90 | 96 Ge, RTISUIB 5.6.9 wo saosin ars sore] won’ 3 | 60/95 | 98] 99 Gi colvillet cos sain gs se corned 4 | 30 | 82 | 93 | 98 Pyrogallic acid: G. eardinalisiiss sx x3 <9 x ore | os 7/10/..|12)12 Gy WISI see eee ae eS 14; 75] 81 | 90| 95 G. colvillei............2-.-5 2| 5) 6] 8/10 Nitric acid: G. cardinalis 3| 4] 6] 8] 8 Gy APIS. oi sie So ero naae are 3/12)15)17) 21. G. oolvillei......... ieee av 3| 41:6) 7! 7 Sulphuric acid: G. cardinalis...............].- 81 | 97 | 99 GAS. 24 ok ox bieeanewens 4% 86|99].. G. colvillei....... 5.0... ] ee 60 | 95 | 99 Hydrochloric acid: G. cardinalis........ 12 | 22 | 32 | 52) 68 GABE i scarsrgs sit scdsesa catswicecaritony 7 45 | 68 | 77 | 83 | 85 G. colvillei......... 0.022005 Pa 9 | 15 | 24 | 35 | 42 Potassium hydroxide: GQ. eardioalit.c cea ce cave exo] os 11 | 14 | 22 | 28 | 32 G.,. tristis.......0-seevedsate eee], «5 13 | 18 | 25 | 30 | 37 G. colvillei...............00/ 8/12|151}17]19 Potassium iodide: G. cardinalis............05. ae 7|12) 15) 19 | 22 Ge GLISUIS Sess, iiss neice. dee certian «| oe 8 | 21 | 50| 58! 65 G. colvill€i....... 6. eee eee fee 7) 11|13)17 | 20 Potassium sulphocyanate: G. cardinalisigss «sc ous 11 | 22 | 27 | 35 | 41 Gy, tristlay os av ay ew ca snceaes as 18 | 86 | 93 | 95 | 97 G. colvillei...........-.000]-- 9/15] 18 | 25 | 27 Potassium sulphide: G. cardinalis... 4) 5] 6]..| 6 Gi Wrists 3 eiosa.e demesne ab eae 3/ 4] 5] 6] 6 G. colvillei.............0.0- 2} 3) 4]..] 4 | Sodium hydroxide: G. cardinalis...............].. 11 | 16 | 24] 32 | 40 (Sy WIRiby oo ce esa saeeeeeece arts 25 | 32 | 40 | 63 | 68 G. colvilléiass coves 444 es 5 09 ey 9 | 15 | 20 | 22 | 28 Sodium sulphide: G. cardinalis............... Sige 4/10/13) 19 | 26 (THUS. 6s ne cae neey aces o ai 8/18] 34] 58 | 70 G. colvillei................-] 2. 4! 9/12]15|17 Sodium salicylate: G. cardinalis...............].. 50 | 83 | 95 | 98 | 99 Gis vc on wade weweaa meal dom 64/90/99/..].. Ge collvallledss.<.siss5- sie sce vereracs'iacel| tae 23 | 59 | 80 | 90 | 97 Calcium nitrate: G. cardinalis... 6] 8] 9]..] 9 Go tristign 44 cass vi v4 wi eave 6| 10/15) 16] 18 G. colvillei. 4} 5) 6]..{ 6 Uranium nitrate: G. cardinalis... 1] 2! 4/..) 4 Ge AEIStiss os siescewvesare seinenecve 3/ 6] 8] 9| 9 G. colvillei 1] 2} 3] 4] 4 Strontium nitrate: G. cardinalis............... Bie 6 | 10 | 22 | 24 | 26 Gi tristiss. as as we aecasies oarees bes 107} 19 | 30 | 42 | 46 Gveolvilleisas: ss escwwaewen 4) 5] 8] 16] 21 Cobalt nitrate: G. cardinalis 1| 213 3 G. tristis...............00. 1} 2] 3 3 G. colvillei..... 1| 22.5 2.5 Copper nitrate: G. cardinalis... 3); 4} 61 7] 8 Es es cp ie taeeeunie x mite 5] 11] 13/14) 14 Gu colvillet. jes ccsvcsweerceaexs) xs 2; 3]..] 4] 5 Cupric chloride G. cardinalis............... 3) 5] 6) 7) 7 G. tristis..............005- 3/ 5] 6} 8|10 G. colvillei................. 3] 5]..] 6] 6 Barium chloride: G. cardinalis...............] 2. fo | Gece GHtristiss occ wicnucied. aya es 1] 3)..] 4] 6 Gy colvillel s.556 ca cnaa ve en x ches 1] 2]. 3] 3 Mercuric chloride: G. cardinalis............... 13 4) 5] 6)..] 6 Ges AT IBEIS so senecineerasesiaed serene. 05 31 5| 6] 7| 9 G. colvillei 3] 4] 5]..].. GLADIOLUS. termediate in the polarization, gentian-violet, and temp- erature reactions ; lowest in the iodine reaction; and the same as that of G. cardinalis but higher than that of G. tristis in the safranin reaction. The hybrid is on the whole distinctly closer to G. cardinalis than to G. tristis. Table A 34 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, G. tristis, and G. colvillei, showing the quantitative differences in the be- havior toward different reagents at definite time-inter- vals. (Charts D 463 to D 483.) Among the conspicuous features of these charts are: (1) The higher reactivity of G. tristis in relation to the other parent and the hybrid throughout. (2) The differences recorded between the reactions of the starches of the two parents with the various rea- gents, the curves varying very markedly in the extent of separation. Thus, the curves are very close throughout the whole or nearly the whole 60-minute period in the reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt ni- trate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; they are well separated to widely separated in those with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya- nate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium nitrate. (3) The almost universal tendency for the curve of G. cardinalis to be closer to the curve of the hybrid than to G. tristis. In only the reactions with chloral hy- drate, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate is the curve of G. cardinalis definitely closer to that of G. tristis. In the potassium-sulphide reac- tions gelatinization proceeded so slowly that such differ- ences as were recorded fall within the limits of error of experiment. In the experiments with calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride the G. cardinalis curve is practically intermediate. (4) The curves of the hybrid bear varying relations to the parental curves, with a manifest tendency to same- ness to the curves of G. cardinalis, and to intermediate- ness and to the lowest position, and almost invariably definitely toward the seed parent. (5) An early period of resistance followed by a mod- erate to rapid gelatinization is noted in the chromic acid chart. In other charts the corresponding period is one of comparatively rapid gelatinization, as in the reac- tions with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, sodium sali- eylate, while in others gelatinization proceeds with marked slowness, yet steadily from the outstart, as instanced particularly in the reactions with potassium sulphide, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, and in other very slow reactions. There are some gradations be- tween these sets. (6) The earliest period of the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated for differential pur- poses varies with the different reagents, and in some instances owing to the extremely slow reactions satis- factory differentiation is impossible. Approximately this period occurs at the end of 5 minutes in the reac- tions with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, and sodium salicylate; at 15 minutes with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium sulphocyanate; at 30 minutes with strontium nitrate; and at 60 minutes with nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, 115 calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. In a number of the reactions of the latter groups the differences are trivial and within the limits of error of experiment. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 34 and Charts D 463 to D 483.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the pollen parent in none of the reactions ; the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions with safranin, chromic acid, nitric acid, uranium nitrate, cupric chlo- tide, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the same as those of both parents in that with cobalt nitrate, wherein the gelatinization is extremely slow; interme- diate in those with polarization, gentian violet, tempera- ture, and pyrogallic acid (in all four being closer to the seed parent) ; highest in none; and lowest with iodine, chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya- nate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sul- phide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, strontium ni- trate, and copper nitrate (in 12 being closer to the seed parent, and in 2 as close to one as to the other parent). The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 7; same as pollen parent, 0; same as both parents, 1; intermediate, 4; highest, 0; lowest, 14. The most striking features of the foregoing data are the absence of a single reaction in which there was same- ness or even inclination more to the pollen than to the seed parent; the slight tendency to intermediateness ; and the very strongly marked tendency for the curves of the hybrid to be below those of the parents. ComposITE Curvrs OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Gladiolus cardinalis, G. tristis, and G. col- villet. (Chart E 34.) , The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The varying relationship the curve of G. tristis bears to the curve of the other parent, sometimes above, below, or the same or practically the same. It is above in the reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, pyro- gallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and copper nitrate; below with polarization, gentian violet, and safranin; and the same or practically the same with iodine, chromic acid, sulphuric acid, potassium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. The other parent, G. cardinalis, is higher in only the polarization, gentian-violet, and safra- nin reactions. (2) The varying degrees of separation of the pa- rental curves, the most marked separation being noted in the reactions with polarization, temperature, pyro- gallic acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and strontium nitrate. (3) The marked tendency for the curve of the hy- brid to be closer to the curve of G. cardinalis than to the other parent, and to be lowest of the three. (4) In G. tristis the very high reactiong with sul- phuric acid; the high reactions with polarization, iodine, and sodium salicylate; the moderate with gentian violet, 116 safranin, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, and potassium sulphocyanate; the low with temperature, chloral hy- drate, and hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium sulphide; and the very low reac- tions with nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) In G. cardinalis the very high reactions with polarization and sulphuric acid; the high reactions with iodine and sodium salicylate ; the moderate reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and chromic acid; the low reac- tions with chloral hydrate and hydrochloric acid; and the very low reactions with temperature, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potas- sium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydrox- ide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (6) In the hybrid the very high reactions with polarization and sulphuric acid; the absence of any high teaction; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, chromic acid, and sodium salicylate; the low reaction with temperature; the very low reactions with chloral, hydrate, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydro- chloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, po- tassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities : Very 3 Mod- Very high. High. erate. Low low. Gis RYIB ES cia oys sin hn hanes wsecwntiin's 1 3 5 6 11 G. cardinalis. 0.0... 6002 c0ees 2 2 3 2 17 Ge Colville siccdsche's o: 6 u cypgneereiens 2 0 5 1 18 35. CoMPaRISONS OF THE SrarcHes oF TRITONIA PotTsil, T. CROCOSMIA AUREA, AND T. crocos- MEFLORA, In histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reac- tions with selenite, reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical reagents the starches of the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in common in varying degrees of development and also certain indi- vidualities, which latter, although as a rule of a minor character, are in conjunction with the properties in common sufficient for differential purposes. The starch of Tritonia crocosmia aurea in comparison with that of T. pottsit shows among the most conspicuous differences in form a larger proportion of permanently isolated grains ; more numerous compound grains of two components; less numerous grains with well-defined pressure facets ; triangular grains more elongated ; and varied proportions of other types of grains. The hilum is more refractive; a rounded or irregular cavity is more frequently found; more often fissured, and the clefts are as a rule deeper ; there are some differences in the forms of fissuration; and eccentricity is slightly greater. The lamelle are less distinct; a marginal band of refractive lamelle is more frequently present; the numbers are about the same. The sizes differ but little. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reactions there are numer- ous differences which are seemingly of a minor charac- ter. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium salicylate many differences are recorded, some of which are individually quite distinctive. The starch HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. of the hybrid in comparison with the parental starches is found to show markedly the influences of both parents; leaning to one or the other parent or sameness with both are very conspicuous. In form the differences are essentially in the varying proportions of different types of grains, the starch of the hybrid being closer to that of T. crocosmia aurea. The hilum in eccentricity is closer to that of T. crocosmia aurea, but in every other character closer to the other parent. The lamelle and size differ but little from those of the parents, and in both respects the relationship is closer to T. pottsii. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative iodine reac- tions, and in the reactions with the various chemical reagents there are leanings to one or the other parent, or sameness to both, but on the whole distinctly toward T. crocosmia aurea. Notwithstanding the closeness of all three starches it is quite remarkable how readily the variable parental leanings of the hybrid are detected. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: T. pottsii, moderate to very high, value 70. T. crocosmia aurea, high to very high, higher than in T. pottsii, value 75. T. crocosmeflora, moderate to very high, lower than in T. pottsii, value 67. Iodine: T. pottsii, very light, value 10. T. crocosmia aurea, moderate, value 50. T. crocosmeflora, light, value 25. Gentian violet: T. pottsii, light to moderate, value 40. T. crocosmia aurea, light to moderate, lighter than T. pottsii, value 35. T. crocosmefiora, light to moderate, the same as T. pottsii, value 40. Safranin: T. pottsii, light to moderate, value 40. T. crocosmia aurea, light to moderate, lower than T. pottsii, value 35. T. crocosmeeflora, light to moderate, deeper than in the parents, value 45. Temperature: T. pottsii, majority at 73 to 75°, all at 76 to 77.5°, mean 76.75°. T. crocosmia aurea, majority at 78 to 80°, all at 80 to 82°, mean 81°. T. crocosmeflora, majority at 74 to 76°, all at 76 to 78°, mean 77°. The reactivity of J’. pottsii is higher than that of T. crocosmia aurea in the polarization and iodine reac- tions, and higher in the gentian-violet, safranin, and temperature reactions. The reactivity of the hybrid is intermediate in the iodine reaction; the same as that of T. pottsti in the gentian-violet and temperature reac- tions; lowest of the three in the polarization reaction; and the highest of the three in the safranin reaction. The relationship throughout is closer to T. potisis. Table A 35 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Tritonia pottsii, T. crocosmia aurea, and T. crocosmeflora, showing the quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time- intervals. (Charts D 484 to D 504.) Among the most conspicuous features of these charts are the following: (1) Excepting the sulphuric-acid and barium-chlo- ride reactions in which the differences in reactivity are insignificant, the starches of the parents exhibit well- defined differences which are very variable in extent with the different reagents. With all of the reagents, ex- cepting those noted and chloral hydrate, 7’. pottsv has the higher reactivity, but in the reactions with the latter it TRITONIA. Tasre A 35. . . * . . q g q gq slelelelerslel9ls Chloral hydrate: TN. Pottsll a: cskacwerowauews| es 10 | 26 | 48 | 60 | 63 T. crocosmia aurea.......... a 15 | 40 | 52 | 62 | 66 T. crocosmeflora...........].. 8 | 20 | 28 | 29 | 30 Chromic acid: Pe Potala... csastatcas wavasroaell aa 5150/98/99) .. T. crocosmia aurea........./.. 2 | 24 | 54] 80| 90 T. crocosmeeflora........... 5 | 36 | 951 98] 99 Pyrogallic acid: TN, pottslasvesdaa as qe as oe aloe 13 | 43 | 78 | 91 | 96 T. crocosmia aurea.......... 2{ 9/20] 40] 50 T. crocosmeflora...........|.- 7 | 40 | 62 | 73 | 90 Nitric acid: ee ADOGtE 33s cae kd Gea nous ae 10} 25) 47]..|50 T. crocosmia aurea.......... f 2/ 5] 9/12/12 T. crocosmeeflora.........../ ++ 12 | 32 | 62 | 68 | 70 Sulphuric acid: FE POttahl A pate sade He hy ges' [ie is OO | «es T. crocosmia aurea.........|..- 95 | 99 T. crocosmefiora...........|.- 99].. Hydrochloric acid: T. pottatixs 04 wg ag eh goa ees | A 80 | 92 | 95 | 97 | 99 T. crocosmia aurea.......... 51 | 73 | 86 | 90 | 92 T. crocosmeflora.........,.] ++ 78 | 81 | 93 | 98 | 99 Potassium hydroxide: TAO UES 5. acccwargiascuacwvacens oc [es 9; 15 | 28 | 33 | 39 T. crocosmia aurea.........| ++ 2!) 5] 9/14} 20 T. crocosmeflora.........../ ++ 7| 12/17 | 23 | 33 Potassium iodide: PONE sch atau aw aw a vy a ee 15 | 29 | 45 | 62 | 67 T. crocosmia aurea.........| ++ 9) 12) 18 | 22) 37 T. crocosmeeflora........... 10 | 20 | 39 | 50 | 61 Potassium sulphocyanate: ERS MOUS cas a cae pew eee aed 78 | 85 | 93 | 95 | 97 T. crocosmia aurea......... 33 | 57 | 75 | 82] 86 T. crocosmeeflora........... 69 | 86 | 93 | 95 | 97 Potassium sulphide: T. pottsii.............. «| Bi TF 8! 8 T. crocosmia aurea........./-- - (0.5) 1 2| 2 T. crocosmeeflora........... 1| 2 ee Sodium hydroxide: Ds PONG as ne ee ce creoenane| @% 62 | 77 | 81 | 84 | 87 T. crocosmia aurea.......... 16 | 33 | 50 | 56 | 58 T. crocosmeflora........... 60 | 71 | 77 | 89] 91 Sodium sulphide: Te DORI xc ce peace re poss dal) oes 25 | 34 | 54 | 62 | 68 T. crocosmia aurea........./.. 4/13 | 22 | 27| 29 T. crocosmeeflora...........].. 16 | 29 | 42 | 60} 65 Sodium salicylate: T. pottsii.......2. 0... eed. 65 | 92 | 99 2 T. crocosmia aurea.......... . 11 | 60 | 95 95 T. crocosmeflora...........).. 60 | 90/99 a Calcium nitrate: "Ts: DOP on4 ve weunwacs as-95 ¥ 15 | 19 | 22 | 26 | 36 T. crocosmia aurea.......... 3) 5/10/14] 14 T. crocosmeeflora...........].. 6/11] 16 | 23} 31 Uranium nitrate: Te DOCG c5. cg jas lase suecatect oe all a 5/ 9/13) 16) 16 T. crocosmia aurea.........|.. lj 2) 4) 6] 6 T. crocosmeflora........... ii &| F 8 Strontium nitrate: TY pOvtsilssccc dead geerden dalled 10| 24! 88] 41) 50 T. crocosmia aurea......... 3] 8] 23] 33 | 43 T. crocosmeeflora........... 12 | 26 | 43 | 51 | 60 Cobalt nitrate: "E, MOURN venga niseenasage| an TAL WS .. 108 T. crocosmia aurea........./.. 1] 2/ 3) 4] 4 T. crocosmeflora...........].. 1} 2] 3] 4) 4 Copper nitrate: TL Potts acassvavaeiwaeay al ae 11 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 31 T. crocosmia aurea.........].. a; 6) Zila.) & T. crocosmeeflora.........../.. 6| 15) 17) 18] 21 Cuprie chloride: DP pottsitisascc-ssecinaalre tts | (ae 10/14/16]../16 T. crocosmia aurea......... 2; 5| 6| 7) B T. crocosmeflora........... 10] 11) 12) 15] 15 Barium chloride: Ts pottsitavags aca aeasds ted ol Bese See ft 8 T. crocosmia aurea.......... we Miia dell sie | eel LL T. crocosmeeflora........... - (0.5) 1 ai 2 Mercuric chloride: Ts POttell ... se sa5a 8a ea fle 6} 9/12)13/15 T. crocosmia aurea.........|.. 1) 2) 3) 4] 4 T. crocosmeeflora...........].. 3] 6| 9}10/)11 117 has a somewhat lower reactivity. The differences are, on the whole, such as to suggest well-separated species. (2) The curves of the hybrid bear varying relation- ships to the parental curves, tending for the most part to intermediateness and toward the curves of the seed parent. ; (3) An early period of marked resistance is rarely observed, but to the contrary the opposite tendency is usually present, so that the percentage of starch gela- tinized during the first 5 minutes is proportionately larger, commonly very much larger, than at any subse- quent 5-minute interval. An early period of resistance is noticeable particularly in the reactions with chromic acid and pyrogallic acid, while a low degree of resistance is noted particularly in those with hydrochloric acid, potas- sium sulphocyanate, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and sodium salicylate (7. pottsii and the hybrid). (4) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated, and hence the best time for the differentiation of the starches, is variable in relation to the different reagents. Approxi- mately this period occurs at the end of 5 minutes in the reactions with potassium sulphocyanate, sodium sul- phide, and sodium salicylate; at 15 minutes with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, calcium ni- trate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; at 30 minutes with nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, strontium nitrate, and cobalt ni- trate; and at 60 minutes with potassium sulphide. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HyBrip. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parent. (Table A35 and Charts D 484 to D 504.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the gentian-violet and temperature reactions ; the same as those of the pollen parent in the cobalt-nitrate reaction ; the same as those of both parents in the sulphuric-acid and barium-chloride reactions; in- termediate in those with iodine, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, so- dium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, cal- cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride (in 14 being closer to the seed parent and in 2 closer to the pollen parent) ; high- est with safranin, nitric acid, and strontium nitrate (in 2 being closer to the seed parent and in the other to the pollen parent) ; and lowest with polarization and chloral hydrate, in both being closer to the seed parent. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 2; same as pollen parent, 1; same as both parents, 2; intermediate, 17; highest, 3; lowest, 2. The pollen parent seems to have had very little in- fluence in determining the characters of the starch of the hybrid. The tendency to intermediateness of the hybrid is exceptionally well marked, and there is very little tendency for the hybrid curve to be higher or lower than the parental curves. Composite CURVES OF REACTION-INTENSITIES, This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Tritonia pottsu, T. crocosmia aurea, and T. crocosmeflora. (Chart E 35.) Among the conspicuous features of the chart are: (1) The usually well-marked separation of the curves of the parents, together with an almost invariably 118 higher position of the curve of Tritonia pottsii and the close correspondence of the two curves in the up-and- down variations. The only places at which the curve of T. pottsii is distinctly lower than that of T. crocosmia aurea are in the polarization, iodine, and chloral-hydrate reactions. The curve is the same or practically the same in the reactions with sulphuric acid, potassium sul- phide, sodium salicylate, and barium chloride. (2) In T. pottsii the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid ; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and sodium salicylate; the moderate reactions with gentian violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid; the low reactions with temperature, chloral hydrate, nitric acid, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and stron- tium nitrate; and the very low reactions with iodine, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, calcium ni- trate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (3) In T. crocosmia aurea the very high reaction with sulphuric acid ; the high reactions with polarization and sodium salicylate ; the moderate reactions with iodine, chromic acid, and hydrochloric acid; the low reactions with gentian violet, safranin, temperature, chloral hy- drate, pyrogallic acid, potassium sulphocyanate, and so- dium hydroxide; and the very low reactions with nitric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphide, sodium sulphide, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (4) In the hybrid the very high reactions with sul- phuric acid and sodium salicylate ; the high reactions with polarization, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, and potas- sium sulphocyanate ; the moderate reactions with gentian violet, safranin, pyrogallic acid, and sodium hydroxide ; the low reactions with iodine, temperature, nitric acid, potassium iodide, sodium sulphide, and strontium ni- trate; and the very low reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, calcium ni- trate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very , Mod- | Very high. High. erate. Low. low. Te POtesl 6 oo siaiacc ari iacerpuweacanem cue @ 1 5 3 7 10 T. crocosmia aurea........... Z 2 3 ¥ 13 T. crocosmeflora............. 2 4 4 6 10 36. CoMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF BEGONIA SINGLE CRIMSON SCARLET, B. socoTRANA, AND B. MRS. HEAL. In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite and iodine, and qualitative reac- tions with the various chemical reagents the three starches have properties in common in various degrees of develop- ment and in each case certain individualities. The starch of Begonia socotrana in comparison with that of B. single crimson scarlet contains no compound grains or aggregates; the grains are not so often irregular, but where irregularity exists it is more marked; the grains are more elongated and the round type few. The hilum is somewhat less distinct and more often fissured, and a peculiar form of fissure is found; ecentricity is greater. The lamelle are somewhat more distinct and somewhat less regular, and there is an absence of a very coarse lamella near the hilum and also of one outlining the pri- mary starch deposit in compound grains if the deposit consists of both primary and secondary lamelle. Other- HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. wise the character and arrangements are the same. The size is larger. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualita- tive iodine reactions there are many differences. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and strontium nitrate there are also many differences, many quite striking and dis- tinctive of one or the other parent. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents exhibits but few individualities in form, and in this histological character it is in closer relationship to B. socotrana. The starch of the hybrid is closer to that of B. single crimson scarlet in the general characters of the hilum, but nearer the other parent in form, eccentricity of the hilum, size, and arrangement of the lamelle (ex- cepting when the grain consists of a primary and a sec- ondary part, when the relationship is closer to the first parent). Certain irregularities of form are seen that are not present in either parent, and the lamelle are more distinct and not so fine as they are in the parents. In the characters of the polariscopic figure and in the sele- nite reaction it is closer to B. single crimson scarlet. In the iodine reactions it is closer to B. single crimson scar- let. In the qualitative reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, and strontium nitrate the relationship is closer to B. single crimson scarlet. Some of the grains during gelatinization be- have like those of one parent and others like those of the other, and some show associated peculiarities of both parents. The resemblances are, on the whole, more closely related to B. single crimson scarlet, as is also the case in the quantitative reactions. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: B. sing. crim. scar., moderately high to high, value 60. B. socotrana, moderately high to high, the same as in B. single crimson scarlet, value 60. B. mrs. heal, moderately high to high, less than in either parent, value 55. Iodine: B. sing. crim. scar., moderate, value 45. B. socotrana, light to moderate, much less than in B. single crimson scarlet, value 30. B. mrs. heal, moderate, the same as in B. single crimson scarlet, value 45. Gentian violet: B. sing. crim. scar., moderate, value 45. B. socotrana, light to moderate, much less than in B. single crimson scarlet, value 35. B. mrs. heal, moderate, same as in B. single crimson scarlet, value 45. Safranin: B. singl crim. scar., moderate to deep, value 60. B. socotrana, moderate to deep, less than in B. single crimson scarlet, value 55. B. mrs. heal, moderate to deep, same as in B. single crimson scarlet, value 60. Temperature: B. sing. crim. scar., in the majority at 67 to 68.5°, in all at 70 to 72°, mean 71°. B. socotrana, in the majority at 79 to 80°, in all at 81 to 81.8°, mean 81.4°. B. mrs. heal, in the majority at 67 to 69°, in all at 71 to 72°, mean 71.5°. The reactivity of B. single crimson scarlet is higher than that of the other parent in the iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature reactions; and the same or practically the same in the polarization reaction. The reactivity of the hybrid is the same or practically the the same as that of B. single crimson searlet in the reac- tions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and tempera- ture; and is the lowest of the three in the polarization reaction. The hybrid is closer to B. single crimson scar- let than to the other parent in the reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and temperature, and is the same in relation to both parents in the polarization reaction. Taste A 36. BEGONIA. 10 s. 15 8. o i= A) oO 1. ~ | a 3m. 4m. 10 m. 30 m. 60 m. Chloral hydrate: B. sing. crim. sear.|...|...}...]..]...[..]...].-[.- B. socotrana.....]...]...{...]..)...]..[-..fe-f.- B. mrs. heal.....]...|... Chromic acid: B. sing. crim. scar.|...|...]...|..]...]..]...J..[.- B. socotrana..... eovuleaaeeall Sante Dace hemarlwia' oe GAC ES & B. mrs. heal.....]...]...4...[..J.--[..]e..[--[.- Pyrogallic acid: B. sing. crim. sear.)...|...]...[..]-.-f..f..-[--b- B. socotrana.....].../...J...]..fe.-]..fee che ade Bours; heal 2533/14. 4) anol eacclne eestor lead leedice Nitric acid: B. sing. crim. sear.|., . Sulphuric acid: B. sing. crim. sear.|.. . 95 98 B. socotrana..... diy Jaman B. mrs. heal.....|... Hydrochloride acid: 90 B. sing. crim. sear.|,,.]... B. mrs. heal.....]...}... Potassium hydroxide} B. sing. crim. scar. B. socotrana..... B. mrs. heal..... Potassium iodide: B. sing. crim. sear.|...|...]...]..]-.. B. socotrana..... sacle tend «lea peswole a tens frate® boosts ale eteadle a B. mrs. heal...../...]...]...].. Potassium sulpho- cyanate: B. sing. crim. scar.)...]... BY. sOCGtANE scx xc leas few i [ie ede afew ele olen ode ade B. mrs. heal.....]...J... Potassium sulphide: B. sing. crim. scar.|.. . B. socotrana..... 505 B. murs. heal.....}... Sodium hydroxide: B. sing. crim. sear.|.. . B. socotrana.....}...|.. B. mrs. heal.....]... Sodium sulphide: B. sing. crim. sear.|...].../...].. B. socotrana.....|...J...f...fe fee efe ede neds ede B. mrs. heal.....]...]...J...].. Sodium salicylate: 92 100).< yaulsa dal hea lesiedbaer acl 100| 22} he] se leee fice fren ley lea boeehs lees 100-242 clis |e] cle ba fes 96). . 87]. . 93]... 89}. J... sf ole sc log B. sing. crim. scar.}.../...}.../..{...[/..]... B. socotrana..... Paste) Perera ores rere (aires aed Pe B. mrs. heal.....{.../...[..-]..[e.-[e.jees Calcium nitrate: B. sing. crim. scar.|...]...]...]..J...[.. Uranium nitrate: B. sing. crim. scar.|...|...|- Bi. SOGATONG 0 se ence law a lew ale ofoa ates fod sfesltex BS). ols = B. mrs. heal...../...J...]...)../..-[.- Strontium nitrate: B. sing. crim. scar.}...|...]...].. B. socotrana..... esahieileayeeuds | brent. atew.| ta eerdeac sgl eae seit B. mrs. heal...../...]..-/...].. Cobalt nitrate: De: Pi OPN: ROAM cy alles eneloelsculed ooyles bas B. socotrana..... ava talllees seal aitigll areas epateall atve lenin! [ete J'ec] scowl aie ol ts Bymrsvheéal s es olen s:|eteullls alexi Snail ea leoel ec les Copper nitrate: 96). . 22. . B. sing: erm. seatils...)eis [ea els oles also B. socotrana..... Sank [ie a eet als alge all, adler alatlienall nea lia = [met ieee 99]. .|..[... By wire. Weal. oe loca lyase [awe dea ion wd o Cupric chloride: 99). .].. B. socotrana.....J...J...Je.-feefee fee fee e[eedee B. mrs. heal.....]...}...]-..]..]..- 59}. 99}. .|.. 100}. .}..J...f. teed. 90 BOL . [es B. sing. crim. scar.|...|...}.../../...]../... B. sdcotranaiccs <-. [sce |e sd fec alae ficog le terete ole aleeoleade 75|.. By mire. Beals. ccc hesclesclesaleu|saadics lace Barium chloride: B. sing. crime. geatel. ..2 [20x lau n fs cfoan |e leas ex B. socotrana..... waa weg Bev led ee clee hea ee el ead he B. cre: beth. avalesalevalenslantendleaieealesles Mercuric chloride: B. sing. crim. scar.|. B. socotrana.....|...}...]...- B. mrs. heal B. socotrans...../.../...J...J..fe.-[eedee [ede B. mrs. heal.....|... LOO}, collive: cil: a]: tl sco fgg foes B. socotrana.....).../...]...]..[e--fe fee efeefe- 99). - |isis afercihs elases 99}. 79 60/87 92/95 58/66 88 re De Be oe -|80)88/95}. .. Rd a We a i | ‘12 95). .!... 90]. .|...]..]-- 97]... 61)... 72|.. clerical Bila al becdhsctaael ese [ise heh so ae Gal wlecalt de cbeeslcadoes . {10/15}. . 2c) alvaloalasliae 6817581 -|98}. -/10.17/22 . [44:78 18 84 Pe es ee D9). wles|ewleey 25 SO cle lew 95). . . (88:93 95 . {10 27 62/66 11/16 98/99 63)71 119 Table A 36 shows the reaction-intensities in percent- ages of total starch gelatinized at definite intervals (seconds and minutes). VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Begonia single crimson scarlet, B. soco- trana, and B. mrs. heal, showing quantitative differences in the behavior toward different reagents at definite time- intervals. (Charts D505 toD 526.) The most conspicuous features of this group of curves are: (1) The extraordinary variation of ‘the relations of the curves in the different charts: in some, all three curves being practically identical or close together; in others, two curves keeping close and the third well separated or even separated to the extreme; and in others, all three being well separated from one another. These pecu- liarities are due largely primarily to the remarkable variations in the reactivities of B. socotrana in relation to the different reagents (with one reagent being very reactive and with another the reverse) ; and secondarily to the almost uniformly very high reactivities of B. single crimson scarlet (18 very high, 2 high, and 1 low), to- gether with the marked variations in the relationships of the hybrid to B. single crimson scarlet, the hybrid being in many reactions identical or practically identical with this parent and in others having varying degrees of intermediateness, but being much closer, as a rule, to this parent than to the other. Excepting the sulphuric-acid and potassium-hydrate charts, in which the reactions of all three starches are shown to occur with great rapidity, there is a tendency to a well-marked or even extreme separation of the parental curves, the starch of B. single crimson scarlet showing, with one exception (barium chloride), a very high to high reactivity, and that of B. socotrana, with seven exceptions (chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium hy- droxide, potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate) a low or usually very low reactivity. (2) The higher reactivity of B. single crimson scar- let than of B. socotrana with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sul- phide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium sali- cylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium ni- trate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride and mercuric chloride, and the same reactivities with sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide. There are small differences in the reactivities of the parents with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate, and from large to very large differ- ences in the other reactions noted, excepting the sul- phuric-acid and potassium-hydroxide reactions, in which the two are the same. (3) The tendency of the hybrid curves to be the same or nearly the same as the curves of B. single crim- son scarlet, or be of some degree of intermediateness, usually closer to this parent, throughout the whole series of reactions. (See following subsection.) (4) A period of early resistance followed by a com- parative rapid reaction is conspicuous for its almost en- tire absence. Such a period is suggested in the reactions of the hybrid in the calcium-nitrate reaction, in B. single crimson scarlet in the barium-chloride reaction, and in B. socotrana in the chromic-acid reaction. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes at which the three curves are best separated to differentiate the starches varies with the different reagents. With five exceptions this occurs in 5 minutes. The exceptions 120 are chromic acid, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride in 15 minutes, pyrogallic acid in 30 minutes, and cobalt nitrate in 45 minutes. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HYBRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A 36 and Charts D 515 to D 526.) The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in the reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, and potassium sulphide; the same as those of the pollen parent in none; the same as those of both parents in the reactions with sulphuric acid and potassium hydrox- ide; intermediate with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, so- dium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, stron- tium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride (in all 14 being nearer the seed parent) ; highest in none; and lowest in the polarization reaction, in which it is as close to one as to the other parent. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 9; same as pollen parent, 0; same as both parents, 2; intermediate, 14; highest, 0; lowest, 1. Sameness as the seed parent and intermediateness with a universal inclination to the seed parent are very conspicuous features of these data. In the two reactions wherein all three starches are the same the reactions occurred with such rapidity as not to permit of differen- tiation, and in the polarization reaction in which the hybrid shows the lowest reactivity of the three and is as closely related to one as to the other parent the crudity of the method of valuation of the reaction has not brought out differences that probably exist. The properties of the starch seem to have been determined primarily by the seed parent, the effect of the other parent being expressed in the lowering of reactive-intensities, varying in degree in the different reactions, but never so far as to the point of mid-intermediateness. Composite CURVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Begonia single crimson scarlet, B. socotrana, and B. mrs. heal. (Chart E 36.) The most conspicuous features of this chart are: (1) The generally close accord of the curves of B. single crimson scarlet and the hybrid and the extraordi- narily erratic course of the curve of B. socotrana through- out most of the chart. The hybrid, which is a tuberous form, follows very closely, as a rule, the reactivities of the first parent, which is also tuberous, while the other parent, which is semituberous (bulbils), has a very differ- ent type of curve—far more different from that of the other parent than was recorded in the curves of the tender and hardy crinums and the rhizomatous and tuberous irises. (2) The curve of B. single crimson scarlet is higher than the curve of B. socotrana throughout the chart (ex- cepting in the reactions with polarization, sulphuric acid, HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. and potassium hydroxide, in which they are alike), and in most instances it tends to be very much higher, the only reactions in which there is marked approximation being those with chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate. (3) In B. single crimson scarlet the very high reac- tions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphurie acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydrox- ide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potas- sium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with polarization, safranin, pyrogallic acid, and cobalt nitrate ; the moderate reactions with iodine, gentian violet, and temperature ; and the low reaction with barium chloride. (4) In B. socotrana the very high reactions with chloral hydrate, sulphuric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium sulphide, and sodium salicylate ; the high reac- tions with polarization and nitric acid; the moderate reactions with safranin and chromic acid; the low reac- tions with iodine, gentian violet, temperature, sodium hydroxide, and strontium nitrate; and the very low reac- tions with pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, sodium sulphide, cal- cium nitrate, uranium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper ni- trate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride. (5) In the hybrid the very high reactions with chloral hydrate, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulpho- cyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium ni- trate, strontium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chlo- ride; the high reactions with safranin and chromic acid; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, and gentian violet; the low reactions with temperature, pyrogallic acid, and mercuric chloride; and the very low reactions with cobalt nitrate and barium chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities: Very i Mod- Very high. High. erate. Law, low B. single crimson scarlet....... 18 4 3 1 0 B. socotrana..............0005 5 2 2 5 12 By mrss heal, . | Shh.< | O98 ).-].-]49 lewepus law] ae M. gilletii......]..]..|10}..1/77]..|80].. | 90/93 | 95 | 97 M. hybrida..... ..[..| 8]..]54]..]73].. | 83] 87 | 93) 95 Strontium nitrate: M. arnoldiana... .).« | s« | 981.4 | 99} ne | os bee faas] oe M. gilletii...... sa laa |T] oo [BB ee 1 BF]. | OSL9F M. hybrida..... ..t..)15]..)72).. | 76]... 1 92195 Cobalt nitrate: MM. araoldianas o| ec fase. |e |os tes | BS) ac} OB) ae |ael es M. gilletii......]..]..)..]..].. |... ]14].- | 28] 38 | 48 | 52 M. hybrida.....]..]..)..]..]..]..]10].. | 21/30] 40} 44 Copper nitrate: M. arnoldiana...}..}]..|99]..].-]--]-.]-- |e. -]e. M. gilletii......]..]..]16]..]..]..]72]..] 95'98]..].. M. hybrida.....}..]..] 8]..]..]..]59].. |] 88/90].. | 90 Cupric chloride: M. arnoldiana...|.. |... | 87).. }99] 2.1.5 [a4 |owcbus [aw | oa M. gilletii...... ..{.. | 10]../55]..]601.. |) 79) 84] 85] 89 M. hybrida.....]..]..| 5]..|50]..]55].. | 70) 80| 82] 85 Barium chloride: M. arnoldiana...}..|..]..]..]..[..|741..] 95/98]..].. Mawel. .cigetiaw baw baw law] ow Paw | Blas | S066) ys] 66 M. hybrida..... ee |e ewe | aca fee Hae}. Depew | 2OPSO | ss. | 42 Mercuric chloride: My arnoidiang.. fos }as PERT es [OF as | OO Lon lea ctin lve pos M. willetits -scce} oe | oe | 10). [OSl e. 164)... 1 GIPTL) 75) 7S M. hybrida..... ..]..] 8]..])81].. )48].. 7 55] 62 | 68 | 72 VELOCITY-REACTION CURVES. This section treats of the velocity-reaction curves of the starches of Musa arnoldiana, M. gilletii, and M. hy- brida, showing the quantitative differences in the be- havior towards different reagents at definite time-inter- vals. (Charts D553 to D 573.) Among the conspicuous features of these charts are: (1) The high to very high reactivity of the starch of Musa arnoldiana throughout all of the reactions, in only one of which is the reaction high. In not less than 11 reac- tions out of the 20 at least 95 per cent of the total starch was gelatinized within 2 minutes, and in the others with the exception of chloral hydrate, pyrogallic acid, and barium chloride a similar intensity of reaction occurred in 5 minutes or less. The maximum time (99 per cent in 30 minutes) was in the chloral-hydrate reactions. In many of the reactions not only was the reactivity of this starch greater than in case of the other parent and the hybrid, but sometimes also markedly higher. (2) The marked tendency for the curves of M. gilletit and M. hybrida to run close together, and in many in- 128 stances to be well separated from the curve of M. arnold- tana. The tendency for the hybrid reactions throughout (excepting those with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, and po- tassium hydroxide which are so rapid that no satisfac- tory differentiation can be made, and in that with pyro- gallic acid, in which the curve is practically identical with that of the pollen parent), to be lower than that in either parent; and also to show a distinctly closer rela- tionship to M. gilletii than to M. arnoldiana. (3) The considerable differences in the interrelations of the three curves: Thus, in the reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, sodium salicylate, calcium ni- trate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, and barium chloride the curves are quite evenly separated, the curve of M. gilletit in each chart being between the curves of M. arnoldiana and the hybrid. In the reac- tions with pyrogallic acid, nitric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, copper ni- trate, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride there is an obvious pairing of the curves of M. gilletii and the hybrid, the curves being to more or less marked de- grees separated from the curve of M. arnoldiana, and from each other, excepting in the latter in the pyrogallic- acid reactions, where the curves of M. gilletw and the hybrid are practically identical. In the reactions with nitric acid, potassium iodide, and sodium hydroxide the only important differences are noted at the very begin- ning of gelatinization. In the other reactions, with the exceptions noted, while the curves tend in general to run closely, there are sufficient differences to permit of diagnosis. (4) An early period of resistance is noted in very few of the reactions. In fact, there is generally a marked tendency for an immediate high to very high degree of reactivity which may be followed by a progressively les- sening. An early period of resistance is seen in the reactions of chromic acid with M. hybrida, of pyrogallic acid, and, particularly, of barium chloride, with both M. gilletit and M. hybrida. (5) The earliest period during the 60 minutes of observation at which the curves are best separated for the differentiation of the three starches is variable with the different reagents. In case of the very rapid reac- tions, including those with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, and sodium hydroxide, the period is noted within the first minute of the reactions; in those with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cal- cium nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, and mer- curic chloride within 5 minutes; and in those with chloral hydrate and barium chloride within 15 minutes. From this data the best period for the differentiation of members of this genus would be, perhaps, on the whole, 5 minutes after the beginning of the reaction; or better, to use in most cases weaker reagents. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF THE HyYpRID. This section treats of the reaction-intensities of the hybrid as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess, and deficit in relation to the parents. (Table A41 and Charts D 553 to D 573.) HISTOLOGIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. The reactivities of the hybrid are the same as those of the seed parent in no reaction; the same as those of the pollen parent in the reactions with iodine, gentian violet, safranin, and pyrogallic acid; the same as those of both parents in none; intermediate with hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide, being closer to the pollen parent in one and mid-intermediate in the other; highest in none; and the lowest with polarization, temperature, chloral hydrate, chromic acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride, in all of which being closer to the pollen parent. The following is a summary of the reaction-intensi- ties: Same as seed parent, 0; same as pollen parent, 4; same as both parents, 0; intermediate, 2; highest, 0; lowest, 20. Lowest reactivity of the three starches and sameness and inclination to the pollen parent are two features that stand out with marked conspicuousness. The pollen parent seems to have been pre-eminent in determining the characters of the starch of the hybrid, inasmuch as in 25 of the 26 reactions this parent bears the closer rela- tionship to the hybrid, while in the remaining reaction there is mid-intermediateness, but of doubtful valuation. Composite CuRVES OF THE REACTION-INTENSITIES. This section treats of the composite curves of the reaction-intensities, showing the differentiation of the starches of Musa arnoldiana, M. gilletii, and M. hybrida. (Chart E 41.) The most conspicuous features of the chart are: The general correspondence in the ups and downs of the curves, excepting in the case of M. arnoldiana in many reactions which occur so rapidly that differences are not satisfactorily demonstrated. The three curves from the polarization to the sulphuric acid reactions are in close accord, but from the latter on to the sodium-sulphide reaction the curve of M. arnoldiana shows practically no change, and from then on such alterations as are exhibited occur within the 5-minute limit, excepting in the barium-chloride reaction, in which the limit is ex- tended to 15 minutes. With M. gilletit and M. hybrida, however, the variations from reagent to reagent are com- monly well marked. With somewhat weaker reagents the curve of M. arnoldiana would in all probability corre- spond in its variations with the curves of M. gilletti and the hybrid. The curve of M. arnoldiana is the highest throughout, excepting in the polarization reaction, and in many instances it is much higher than the curve of M. gilletit and the hybrid. The curve of M. gilletii is higher than the curve of M. hybrida in the reaction with temperature, chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydrox- ide, sodium salicylate, uranium nitrate, and strontium nitrate; and the same or nearly the same in all other reac- tions, excepting with polarization, in which it is lower, the same, or nearly the same. The best reagents in the differentiation of these two starches are chloral hydrate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, uranium nitrate, and strontium nitrate. The very high reactions of M. arnoldiana with chromic acid, pyrogallie MUSA. acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potas- sium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocya- nate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, sodium salicylate, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, strontium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, copper nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; the high reactions with safranin and chloral hydrate; the moderate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and temperature; and the absence of any low or very low reactivities. The very high reactivities of M. gilletu with sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium salicylate, and strontium nitrate; the high reactions with chromic acid, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, and uranium nitrate ; the moderate reactivities in the polarization, iodine, gen- tian violet, and safranin, temperature, chloral hydrate, calcium nitrate, and copper nitrate reactions; the low reactions with pyrogallic acid, cobalt nitrate, cupric chlo- ride, barium chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the very low reaction with cobalt nitrate. The very high reactivities of M. hybrida with sulphuric acid and the other reagents noted under M. gillettw, excepting stron- tium nitrate; the high reactions with chromic acid, nitric acid, sodium sulphide, and strontium nitrate; the mod- erate reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, safranin, temperature, calcium nitrate, uranium nitrate, and copper nitrate; the low reactions with chloral hy- drate, pyrogallic acid, cupric chloride, and mercuric chloride; and the very low reactions with cobalt nitrate and barium chloride. Following is a summary of the reaction-intensities : Very : Mod- Very high. High. erate. Laws low. M, erndldinwa: ..0+ceue reigns | 20 2 4 0 0 My gilleth nese toni ce ueheite 9 4 8 4 1 M. hybrida.................. 8 4 8 4 2 42. CoMPARISONS OF THE STARCHES OF Puarus GRANDIFOLIUS, P. wALLICHII, AND P. uyBRipUus. In the histologic characteristics, polariscopic figures, reactions with selenite, qualitative reactions with iodine, and qualitative reactions with the various chemical rea- gents, the parents and hybrid exhibit properties in com- mon in varying degrees of development, and also certain individualities by which collectively they can be identi- fied. The starch of Phatus wallichit in comparison with that of P. grandifolwus shows larger proportions of aggregates and compound grains; more frequent irregu- larities, but given forms of irregularity vary in fre- quency; and the forms are of more varied types. The hilum is more often distinct, slightly more refractive, and rarely fissured; a longitudinal slit-like cavity at the hilum and a deflected oblique fissure are more fre- quently noted; eccentricity is more variable and less. The lamelle exhibit some differences in distribution and form; secondary sets are more numerous; the number is about the same. The size of the larger grains is longer and less wide; that of the common-sized grains about the same. In the polariscopic, selenite, and qualitative io- dine reactions there are various differences. In qualitative 9 129 reactions with chloral hydrate, chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, potassium sulphocyanate, potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulphide, and sodium sali- cylate there are very many points of difference which seem to be wholly of a minor character. The starch of the hybrid in comparison with the starches of the parents contains larger proportions of aggregates and compound grains than in either parent; irregularities are less fre- quent; and there are more grains of a slender type than in P. grandifolius, but less than in P. wallichit. The hilum is more refractive and more frequently demon- strable than in either parent; a slit-like cavity at the hilum is as frequently apparent as in P. grandifolius, but less frequently than in P. wallichit; fissuration is slightly more varied and more frequent than in either parent; clefts in the form of a soaring-bird figure are seen, this form not being observed in the parents; eccen- tricity is the same as in P. wallichii. The lamelle of the primary sets are coarser than in the parents; a refractive border at the proximal and lateral margins is less frequent, and it is of the same width as in P. grandi- foltus, but less broad as a rule than in P. wallichii. Sec- ondary sets of lamelle are somewhat more frequent, often larger and commonly located as in P. grandifolius; but less numerous and less varied in location than in P. wal- lichit; and the number is about the same as in the parents. The size is closer to that of P. grandifolius. In the polarization and selenite reactions there are many inclinations to one or the other parent, but on the whole to P. grandifolius; while in the qualitative iodine reactions the leanings are on the whole to P. wallichii. In the qualitative chemical reactions the peculiarities of one or the other or both parents are very well mani- fested, but in each the reactions are on the whole closer to those of P. grandifolius. Reaction-intensities Expressed by Light, Color, and Tempera- ture Reactions. Polarization: P. grandifolius, high to very high, value 85. P. wallichii, high, lower than in P. grandifolius, value 80. P. hybridus, high to very high, slightly higher than in P. grandi- folius, value 87. Todine: P. grandifolius, moderate, value 50. P. wallichii, moderate, lighter than in P. grandifolius, value 40. P. hybridus, moderate, intermediate between the parents, but nearer to P. wallichii, value 43. Gentian violet: P. grandifolius, moderate to deep, value 57. P. wallichii, light to moderate, lighter than in P. grandifolius, value 50. P. hybridus, moderate to deep, deeper than either parent, value 60. Safranin: P. grandifolius, moderate to deep, value 60. P. wallichii, light to moderate, lighter than in P. grandifolius, value 55. P. hybridus, moderately deep to deep, deeper than in either parent, value 65. Temperature: P. grandifolius, in the majority at 65 to 66°, in all but rare grains at 68 to 69°, mean 68.5. P. wallichii, in the majority at 64 to 65°, in all but rare grains at 67 to 68°, mean 67.5°. P. hybridus, in the majority at 64 to 66°, in all but rare grains at 66 to 68°, mean 67°. In the reactions with polarization, iodine, gentian violet, and satranin P. grandifolius exhibits higher reactivities than the other parent, but in the temperature PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS. 130 HISTOLOGIC TaBie A 42. . . . . i=] i=] fs} f=} a ix] oD L's} Leal aa oD boul =) Chloral hydrate: P. grandifolius.......... ie 30 50] 65 | 79 | 80 P. wallichii............./.. 27 48) 61 | 67 | 67 P. hybridus............].. 21 44) 56 | 66 | 70 Chromic acid: P. grandifolius.........].. 30 70) 99 P. wallichii.............].. 67 97) 99 P. hybridus...........-].. 44 87) 99 Pyrogallic acid: P. grandifolius.......... a atahie 6 34) 50 | 58 | 67 P walliebit . wick cccc ene) co 63 80] 85 | 91 | 94 P. hybridus: «0. 0606554].. 8 62| 70 | 77 | 84 Nitric acid: P. grandifolius.........| 72]. 95/99]... P. walliebti. ccs es joy v0s| 90 99|.. P. hybridus..... 2.2044) 78 99 Sulphuric acid: P. grandifolius..........| 93 | 98 {100} . . P. wallichii.............| 96] 99 |100) .. P. hybridus............] 92] 99]100).. Hydrochloric acid: P. grandifolius..........|96| 99 P. wallichii.............}99].. P. hybridus............| 99 Potassium hydroxide: P. grandifolius..........] 99]. P. wallichii............./100}. P. hybridus............] 99]. Potassium iodide: P. grandifolius..........] .. 68]. 90} 95 | 97 | 99 P. wallichii.............] 2. 90 95) 98/99] .. P. hybridus........... 82 92| 95 | 98 | 99 Potassium sulphocyanate: P. grandifolius.......... ive 97 99) .. P. wallichii.............].. 99 emell axe Py byt: ve es ween ce el xs 97 99)... Potassium sulphide: P. grandifolius.........).. | 99 e% P. wallichii............. .. | 99 a P. hybridus............].. | 95 99 Sodium hydroxide: P. grandifolius.........}..]..|99 we eye P. walliQiihcccoaces x6 200} a«.| 82) «« 97 99] . P. hybridus............].. | 84 95 99| . Sodium sulphide: P. grandifolius..........].. | 84 95 99 P. wallichii.............].. | 92 96 99] . P. hybridus............|.. | 90 95 99} . Sodium salicylate: P. grandifolius.......... hen 39 84! 99 ae ae 54 97) 99 P,, bybridusy oc ccc as ox ef os 54 96} 99 Calcium nitrate: P. grandifolius.......... em ves 91) 97 | 99 P. wallichii............./.. 83 99)..].. P.. hybridwas cs ce ceva us ea 75 99}. Uranium nitrate: P. grandifolius.......... Hippeastrum titan........... 2|2| 4/4/14] 748) 29 Hippeastrum cleonia.........] 2/3] 3]6]12] 821] 32 30.3 Hippeastrum titan-cleonia....} 2/2] 4/5]13] 790] 30 : Hippeastrum ossultan........ 4/0) 4]5]13] 838] 32 Hippeastrum pyrrha.........]| 3)1] 4/5/13} 822) 31 32.3 Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh....| 5/0] 5/3/13] 880} 34 Hippeastrum deones......... 312] 4/6]11] 925] 36 Hippeastrum zephyr.........) 2/3] 3/5/13] 833] 32 34 Hippeastrum deon.-zeph ..... 2/3) 3/5)13] 872] 34 Hemanthus katherine.......] 1/3] 3}|1]18j} 525} 20 Hemanthus magnificus...... 1/3] 3)4)15] 652) 25 22 Hemanthus andromeda......| 2/0] 5/1/18] 535] 21 Hemanthus katherine....... 1/3} 3/1/18] 525} 20 Hemanthus puniceus........ 4/6] 3/8] 5|1264| 48 30.3 Hemanthus konig albert.....) 2]1] 4])2]17| 597} 23 Crinum mooréi...........+++ 12/3] 4}6] 111907] 73 Crinum zeylanicum.......... 1/3] 3|2]17) 594] 23 39 Crinum hybridum j.c. h. .... 1/2) 2/4]17) 550) 21 Crinum zeylanicum..........] 1/3] 3/2/17] 594] 23 Crinum longifolium..........] 9/5] 2/9] 1/1685) 65 40 Crinum kircape.. sss .22+00+% 1/5] 0/7]13] 841] 32 Crinum longifolium.......... 9/5] 2/9) 1/1685] 65 Crinum moorei.........-++-: 12/3} 4/6} 111907] 73 73.3 Crinum powellii.............]15]5] 3/3] 0/2142! 82]- Nerine crispa..........+0+55 5/3] 5/2] 1111093] 42 Nerine elegans...........+-- 7/2) 3]38 41141147) 44 Nerine dainty maid.......... 5}4] 2/3)11/1144] 44 44 Nerine queen of roses........ 6/3] 5]1]11/1199] 46 Nerine bowdeni............- 3/3] 6/3] 11/1039! 40 Nerine sarn. var. cor. maj.....{| 4/4] 4/3] 11/1015] 39 Nerine giantess...........--- 4/4) 5/2/11/1051| 40 39 Nerine abundance..........- 4/3] 5|]2]12) 957) 37 Nerine sarn. var. cor. maj....| 4/4} 4/3/11 1015) 39 Nerine curv. var. foth. maj...| 5/2] 5]2]12 {1001} 38 87.2 Nerine glory of sarnia........ 4/1) 4/4]12] 869} 33 Narcissus taz. grand mon.....}| 1/2] 6|6]11| 864] 33 Narcissus poeticus ornatus....| 2]2} 4|10] 8} 938] 36} Fy Narcissus poetaz triumph....| 3/2} 8|6 | 7/1088) 42 Lilium martagon album......}19/}4] 3/0] 0/2502) 96 Lilium maculatum...........)21]1) 4/0] 0/2551) 98} 97 Lilium marhan.............-}21/1] 4/0] 0/2541} 97 Lilium martagon...........-/18/5] 3/0] 0/2430) 93 Lilium maculatum...........]21]1] 4/0] 0/2551] 98) 97 Lilium dalhansoni...........] 21/2] 3])0] 0/2580} 99 Lilium tenuifolium..........}21]/2] 3/0] 012567] 99 Lilium martagon album......|19/4] 3/0] 0 |2502) 96; 97 Lilium golden gleam.........|20])2} 4/0] 0/2529) 97 Lilium chalcedonicum........ 20;4] 2/0] 0/2519} 97 Lilium candidum............ 20)4] 2/0] 0/2460} 94 95 Lilium testaceum............ 21/2] 3/0] 0/2482] 95 Lilium pardalinum.......... 20)4] 210] 0 (2530) 97 Lilium parryi.............../22/0] 3/1] 0/2556] 98 94.6 Lilium burbanki............. 16/4] 4/2] 0/2309) 89 TPS bETICa). sacs See eee ESS 3/2] 7/9] 511139] 44 Tris trojana............02 eee 3/2/10)6] 5 1282) 49 46 Iris ismali.............---..-| 3/2] 9/8) 4{1181] 45 Tris iberica............0005- 3/2) 719} 511189) 44 Tris cengialti.............56. 3/3] 6/9} 511166) 44 44 Tris 'doraks f0 iiss sg dice deiece 3/2]/10)6 | 511181) 45 Iris cengialti.............:..] 3/2] 7/9] 5 |1166] 44 Tris pallida queen of may..... 2/4/ 7/8] 511100] 42 42 Tris mrs. alan grey........... 21/4] 5/8] 7/1085} 41 Iris persica var. purpurea..... 9/9} 4/0) 441853) 71 Tris sindjarensis............. 10/8] 4/2} 2/1922) 74 a2 Iris pursind...............05 9/9] 4]0] 411858) 71 EACH AGENT AND REAGENT. 1638 Taste B 1.—Continued. P| o d oo B= EB oO eel slallelelal 2 [Es Plea! S|E) By) By 5S Simsisjela] <« |< Gladiolus cardinalis.......... 2)2] 3/2/17] 695) 27 Gladiolus tristis............. 1/3] 516]11] 877| 34 27 Gladiolus colvillei........... 0} 5/1]18] 604) 23 Tritonia pottsii.............. 1/5] 3/7)]10| 964) 37 Tritonia crocosmia aurea.....| 1/2] 3]7]13 | 741] 28 33.3 Tritonia crocosmeeflora....... 2/4] 4/6/10] 950} 36 Begonia sing. crim. scar...... 18]4} 3/1] 0/2369; 91 Begonia socotrana...........| 5/2] 2]}5]12 ) 982) 38 70 Begonia mrs. heal...........]16/2] 3/3] 2/2117/ 81 Musa arnoldiana............]20]2] 4/0] 0/2502} 96 Musa gilletii................ 9/4] 8/4] 1/1811) 69 at Musa hybrida............... 8/4] 8/4] 21|1728) 66 Phaius grandifolius.......... 12/5] 5/3] 1/2000) 77 Phaius wallichii............. 17|2] 5/1] 1/2157} 83 80 Phaius hybridus.............}14]6] 2/3] 1/2096] 81 Miltonia vexillaria........... 12/4] 5/4] 1141969) 76 Miltonia roezlii..............] 7} 7] 5]6] 1/1755) 67 77 Miltonia bleuana............ 16/4] 4/1] 1/2258) 87 Cymbidium lowianum.......}22]1] 3]0] 0 /2614/100 Cymbidium eburneum,.......|21)1] 4]0}{ 0 |2602}100 99 Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum| 21|0{ 4}1] 0/2510) 97 as to fall into subgeneric divisions, as in the case of the genera just referred to. In the Amaryllis-Brunsvigia set two closely related genera are represented and there is a tendency to higher reactivity of Amaryllis bella- donna than of Brunsvigia josephine, differences being noted especially in the numbers of the very high and the low reactivities, and in the sums and averages. The hy- brids show distinctly lower reactivities, as a whole, than those of either parent, and there is striking identity as regards the distribution of the reaction-intensities among the several divisions, but there are distinct though not marked differences in both sums and averages, so that while these two starches are not distinguishable from each other by differences in distribution of the reaction- intensities they may be distinguished by the sums and averages of the reaction-intensities. In the Crinums there are subgeneric groups characterized by tender and hardy species, the former having a tendency to distinctly lower reactivities than the latter. Each of the hybrids tends to be more closely related in its reaction-intensities to either seed or pollen parent. . The differences in distribution in the highly reactive species and hybrids are conspicuous especially in the high number of very. high reactivities and the low number of the very low reactivities, and for the reverse in the low reactive species and the hybrids. The sums and averages are markedly different in the two groups. In Heman- thus, H. puniceus seems to be representative of a sub- generic group that differs from that of which the other two species belong. In Jris, the I. persica-sindjarensis- persica var. purpurea set stands distinctly apart from the other three, exhibiting markedly higher reactivities. In Begonia, B. socotrana is evidently variant in relation to the other species, and is, as is well known, an excep- tional form of this genus. In Musa there is a very well- marked tendency for higher reactivities of one than of the other parent, which indicates that these species repre- sent some form of generic subdivision. 164 With these exceptions, the figures for the several members of each group and each genus tend to be distrib- uted among the several divisions in case of each genus with remarkable uniformity, in some genera a conspicu- ously large number falling among the very high, or the very high and high reactions, or the very low, or the very low and low reactivities, and so on. Such differences, of themselves, are usually quite definite in making distinct groups which upon comparison will be found to agree remarkably with botanical classification. Thus Hippeas- trum, Nerine, Gladiolus, and Tritonia are characterized particularly by the relatively large number of reactions that are very low (the number varying in the different genera) and the fairly uniform distribution of the re- maining reactions among the other divisions, chiefly among the moderate and low. In Liliwm, Phaius, and Cymbidium the characterization is by the very large number of very high reactions and the fairly uniform distribution of the other reactions among the other divisions, especially generally among the high and mod- erate. In Amaryllis-Brunsvigia, Crinum, Hemanthus, Iris, Begonia, and Musa variations from these systems may be observed because of certain subgeneric peculiari- ties that have already been referred to. These data indicate quite clearly that peculiarities in the distribution of these reaction-intensities are inti- mately related to generic and subgeneric divisions, and that when the distributions in the case of members of a set or of a genus may be alike or nearly alike there may be differences in the sums and averages that are more or less definitely distinctive. For instance, the distribution in Brunsdonna sandere alba and B. sandere is identical, but the sums and averages differ sufficiently to differ- entiate these hybrids. In Nerine, the distributions dif- fer very little; in some cases the sums and averages are absolutely or practically identical, and in others they differ within small to very narrow limits. Under such conditions positive identification of different members of the group can not satisfactorily be made. Correspond- ing conditions are found in relation to intergeneric dif- ferentiation. Thus, the distributions in Hippeastrum and Nerine are closely the same, and were dependence placed upon this feature to distinguish genera it would naturally be concluded that the genera are alike; but upon a careful examination of the two sets of figures it will be found that in Hippeastrum there is a manifest tendency for a shifting of the reaction-intensities toward the very low reactivity end, and in Nerine in the same direction, but to a slightly less degree, so that in the final summing up the sums and averages in the former fall lower than in the latter—in Hippeastrum, ranging from 748 to 925 and 29 to 36, respectively; and in Nerine from 869 to 1199 and 33 to 46, respectively. In Glad- iolus and T'ritonia, very closely related genera, the dis- tribution closely corresponds to the preceding groups in the several respects referred to. On the other hand, Lilium and Cymbidium, while in general very closely alike in distribution, sum, and average are very markedly different from all other groups. Phaius values bear a close resemblance to the figures of Liliwm and Cymbidium. Tris in its first three sets stands apart from all other genera in the manner of distribution of the reaction- intensities, yet the sums and averages are close to but REACTION-INTENSITIES OF STARCHES. somewhat less than in Nerine. In other words, different genera may or may not exhibit distinctive peculiarities in the distribution, sum, and average of the reaction-inten- sities. The value of such data seems to lay particularly in showing that members of a genus that are not so differentiated as to fall into subgeneric divisions tend to exhibit a method of distribution of the reaction-intensities according to a definite system, which system is composed of the averages of the number of very high, high, moder- ate, low, and very low reaction-intensities, of the average of the sum of the reaction-intensities, and of the average of the latter. For comparative purposes the system repre- sented by Hippeastrum, Iris (first three sets), and Lilium may be taken because they show different types: Hippe- | tris, | Lilium. Very high...... 2.8 a 20 BGs ps an vexed 1.8 2.6 2.7 Moderate....... 3.7 7.6 3.1 NE de ene oes 5 8 0.2 Very low....... 12.8 5.1 0 PU cz cutee y. ix & 836. 1,160. 2,447. Average........ 31. 44, 94. If the figures for any given member of any one of the genera represented be compared with the figures for the genus, it will be found that those for the corresponding columns differ, if at all, only within narrow limits. Thus, in case of Hippeastrum the figure in the first column of this table and chart is 2.8, while the figures for the nine starches represented in this genus vary between 2 and 5; in the last column the figure is 12.8, while the range for all of these starches is from 11 to 14. The sum is 836, and the range from 748 to 925. The average is 31, and the range from 29 to 36. And so on with Iris and Lilium. When, however, there are subgeneric groups there may be as many types as there are groups, as is well illustrated by instances referred to. Obviously, the method of differentiating genera, sub- generic groups, species, hybrids, and varieties by such a system has its limitations, not because of the failure of the data per se, but because of the faultiness of the method of formulating the data. This is manifest, for instance, in Hippeastrum and Nerine, in which the data as tabulated indicate very closely related genera or even subgenera, yet these genera, although belonging to the same family, are well separated and are not confounded by the botanist. When, however, the data are presented in other forms, as in other tables and charts, the genera are as markedly differentiated from each other, and the members of each genus from each other, as they are by the data of the systematist. Finally, it is of interest to note that in summing up these averages intermediate- ness of the hybrid is not the rule, the tendency being more frequently for the hybrid values to exceed or fall below those of the parents than to be intermediate. AVERAGE TEMPERATURES OF GELATINIZATION COMPARED WITH THE AVERAGE REACTION-INTENSITIES. (Table B 2, Chart B 42) During the progress of the research it was found that the temperatures of gelatinization bore varying relation- ships to the average reaction-intensities, as a whole, of different members of certain sets, different sets, and dif- REACTION-INTENSITIES WITH EACH AGENT AND REAGENT. Tasin B 2.—TemMpPERATURES OF GELATINIZATION. TaB_e B 2.—Continued. 165 ay In all or Aver- aol In all or Aver- In a ies practically cr ig age In ar oe rity practically 5) nm age Oh uae all of the I " for etna all of the latter. for Brann. grains. atter set. eran? grains. set. Amaryllis belladonna. ......]70 to 71° |72.5 to 73° | 72.7° Lilium martagon album..../59 61-«|62 = 64. 63 Brunsvigia josephine.......| 65 66 |70 72 =#|71 Lilium maculatum.........| 57 58 | 60 62 |61 61.2 Brunsdonna sand. alba..... 700 -71_=«(|71.5 «73 «(| 72.25 |(71-18] Lilium marhan............ 56 58 159) 60 | 59.5 Brunsdonna sandere....... 70 71.5 | 72 72.5 | 72.75 Lilium martagon........... 62 64 |66.5 68,3 | 67.4 Hippeastrum titan......... 74 75 «177 77.5 | 77.25 Lilium maculatum.........| 57 58 | 60 62 |61 64.1 Hippeastrum cleonia.......| 71 73 |73 74 |73.5 |+74,49| Lilium dalhansoni..........| 59 60.2 | 63 64 | 63.9 Hippeastrum titan-cleonia...| 72 74 =#|73 74 | 73.5 Lilium tenuifolium......... 52 63 |55.6 656 | 55.8 Hippeastrum ossultan...... 73 74 175 76 «=| 75.5 Lilium martagon album... .| 59 61 | 62 64 | 63 58.9 Hippeastrum pyrrha.......| 71 73 #173 74 173.5 |)73.8 Lilium golden gleam....... 53 54.4 | 57 58.7 | 57.8 Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh.. .| 70 72 #|72 73 | 72.5 Lilium chalcedonicum......|59.2 61 | 63 64 | 63.5 Hippeastrum deeones....... 72.5 74 |74 75 | 74.5 Lilium candidum..........| 57 58.7 | 60 62 |61 63.2 Hippeastrum zephyr........ 72 73 #173 75 |74 73.7 Lilium testaceum........../61.2 63 [63.5 67 | 65.25 Hippeastrum deon.-zeph .. .| 72 73 «| 72 73° «=| 72.5 Lilium pardalinum.........| 58 60.5 | 61 63 | 62 Hemanthus katherine..... 79 80 | 82 84 |83 Lilium parryi..............|47 48.5 | 51 562 |51.5 |}60.4 Hemanthus magnificus..... 77 77.5 | 78 79 =| 78.5 |+81 Lilium burbanki........... 64 66 | 67 68.5 | 67.75 Hemanthus andromeda....|75.5 80 | 81 82 | 81.5 Tris iberica................ 69 70 = |71 72.5 | 71.75 Hemanthus katherine... ..| 79 80 | 82 84 | 83 Iris trojana...............]70 71.5|73.2 75 |74.1 |}72.9 Hemanthus puniceus.......| 77 79 «| 81 82.5 | 81.75 |/-82,.7 | Irisismali.................| 69 71 | 72 74 173 Hemanthus konig albert....| 80 82 |82.5 84 | 83.25 Tris iberica................| 69 70 |71 72.5 | 71.75 Crintim moorei............ 68 70 |70 71 «=| 70.5 Tris et cvs jedan Cees Recta 70 72 =| 74 76 | 75 72.6 Crinum zeylanicum . . el Ch 78 |79 80 |79.5 |}77 Tris dorak. . 68 70 |70 72 1721 Crinum hybridum j c. kh. .| 78 80 | 80 82 |81 Tris cengialti . ie wena | CO 72 =|74 76 | 75 Crinum zeylanicum........ 77 78 |79 80 | 79.5 Iris pallida queen ‘of may etal Th 73 =| 75 75.8| 75.4 |}74.5 Crinum longifolium........| 70 71 = |74 75 |74.5 1377.3 Iris mrs. alan grey......... 69 70 = |73 74.5 | 73.75 Crinum kircape...........] 75 76 =|77 79 #|78 Iris persica var. purpurea. ..| 64 66 | 68 70 | 69 Crinum longifolium........| 70 71 =| 74 75 =| 74.5 Iris sindjarensis. . 63.5 65 |66 67 | 66.5 |}68.2 Crinum moorei............| 68 70 |70 71 =|70.5 |}71.2 Iris pursind .. wees... (64.5 66 | 68 70 |69 Crinum powellii...........{ 65 67 | 68 69 | 68.5 Gladiolus cardinalis Savewiain ts 83 84.5 | 84 86 | 85 Nerine crispa..............| 64 65 |70 71.5 | 70.7 Gladiolus tristis............| 76 78 |78 79 | 78.5 |)82 Nerine elegans............/68.5 70 | 75 76.9 | 75.9 Gladiolus colvillei..,.......| 78 80 | 82 83 | 82.5 Nerine dainty maid......../69 70.5/72.5 73.8 |73.2 |(72-9 | Tritonia pottsii............ 73 «75 (76 = 77.5 |76.75 Nerine queen of roses... ...| 68 69.1 | 71 72.8 | 71.9 Tritonia crocosmia aurea... .| 78 80 |80 82 | 81 78.2 Nerine bowdeni............ 67.6 67.9|74 75 | 74.5 Tritonia crocosmeeflora.....| 74 76 | 76 8 77 Nerine sarn. var. cor. ween .| 70 71 =| 76 78.8 | 78.4 Begonia sing. crim. scar... .| 67 68.5 | 70 72 144 Nerine giantess. . ..../682 6911709 71 |70.95|(745 | Begonia socotrana......... 79 «80 |81 818/814 |$74.9 Nerine abundance. . | 69 69.9|73.9 74.8 | 74.3 Begonia mrs. heal..........| 67 69 |71 72 = |715 Nerine sarn. var. cor. Mae 70 71 |76 78.8) 78.4 Begonia doub. light rose. .. .| 60 61 | 62 64 163 Nerine curv. var. foth. maj. 68.1 69 |73.2 74.3|)73.8 |}76.2 | Begonia socotrana.........|79 80 |81 81.8 | 81.4 |}70.5 Nerine glory of sarnia......| 70 72 |75.8 $77 |76.4 Begonia ensign............ 64 65.5 | 66 68 | 67 Narcissus poeticus ornat... .| 73 74 |77 78 |77.5 Begonia double white... .... 60 61.5 | 65 66.5 | 62.75 Narcissus poeticus poetar. . .| 67 69 |71 73° «| 72 Begonia socotrana.........|79 80 | 81 81.8] 81.4 |+71.7 Narcissus poeticus herrick.. .| 69 71 |76 78 =| 77 75.3 Begonia julius............. 65 66 | 67 69 | 68 Narcissus poeticus dante....}71.2 73.1] 74 76 |75 Begonia doub. deep rose... .| 64 65.5 | 67 68.8 | 67.8 Narcissus taz. grand mon. ..| 73 75 | 76 77 | 76.5 Begonia socotrana.........| 79 80 {81 81.8 | 81.4 ‘|+72.6 Narcissus poeticus ornatus. .| 73 74 = =|77 78 |77.5 |+73.5 | Begonia success............ 62 64 |68 69 | 68.5 Narcissus poetaz truimph.. .} 73 75 =| 76 77 | 76.5 Richardia albo-maculata.., .| 75 76 177 78.5 | 77.7 Narcissus gloria mundi..... 71 72.8 | 74 75 | 74.5 Richardia elliottiana.......| 74 75 176 77 = =|76.5 |+77.1 Narcissus poeticus ornatus. .| 73 74 = =|77 78 = |77.5 |}75 Richardia mrs. roosevelt... .| 74 76 =| 76 78 #|77 Narcissus fiery cross........| 71 72 =#|73.5 74.5) 74 Musa arnoldiana........... 60 61 |64.5 65.8] 65 Narcissus telamonius plen.. .| 70 72 =|73 75 | 74 Musa gilletii.............. 64 66.5|67.5 69 |68.4 |}67.7 Narcissus poeticus ornatus. .| 73 74 |77 78 = |77.5 |'75.8 | Musa hybrida............. 65.2 67 |69 70 | 69.75 Narcissus doubloon........|71.2 73 | 75 77 «| %6 Phaius grandifolius......... 65 66 |68 69 | 68:5 Narcissus princess mary... .| 70 72 = |74 76 | 75 Phaius wallichii............| 64 65 | 87 68 | 67.5 |}67.7 Narcissus poeticus poetar. . .| 67 69 |71 73 =| 72 74.2 Phaius hybridus........... 64 66 | 66 68 | 67 Narcissus cresset...........| 71 73 |74.5 76 | 75.7 Miltonia vexillaria.........| 70 71 =| 73 74 | 73.5 Narcissus abscissus......... 69.5 71 173 74 | 73.5 Miltonia roezlii............ 74 76 |76 77 =| 76.5 |}74.7 Narcissus poeticus poetar. . .| 69 71 =|721 73 | 72 (72.8 | Miltonia bleuana.......... 69 “TE 72 74 |73 Narcissus will scarlet....... 69.8 71.9] 72 74 173 Cymbidium lowianum...... 58 60 |62 63 162.5 Narcissus albicans . 72 72 |73 7 |74 Cymbidium eburneum...... 58 59.5 | 65 66.5 | 65.75 | }65.2 Narcissus abscissus. - [69.5 71 | 73 74 173.5 |}74.2 Cymbidium eburneo-lowia- Narcissus bicolor apricot. . 71 72.5 | 74 76 | 75 MUM «sage sea aro eedeas 61 63 | 67 68 | 67.5 Narcissus empress......... 70 71 =|73 74 | 73.5 Calanthe rosea............. 74 76 | 75 77 #176 Narcissus albicans . ( 702 72 |73 75 | 74 73.9 Calanthe vest. var. rub.-oc..| 72 74 =«+174 75 |74.5 |}74.3 Narcissus madame de granft 70 72 |73.5 7S | 74.95 Calanthe veitchii........... 71 72 = |73 74 | 72.5 Narcissus weardale perfect. .| 68 69 |72 74. |7¥2 Calanthe vest. var. rub.-oc..| 72 74 = =|74 75 | 74.5 Narcissus madame de aban 70 72 173.5 75 | 74.25 |}74.4 Calanthe regnieri..........| 70 72 #|76 78 #(|77 76 Narcissus pyramus. . 73 74 #|76 77° =«|\76 Calanthe bryan............ 72 74 #|76 77 =| 76.5 Narcissus monarch. . 67 68.5 | 72 7s | (ae Narcissus madame de graaff 70 72 = |73.5 75 |74.25|}73.5 Narcissus lord roberts... 68 69.4 | 73 74.5 | 73.75 wa Narcissus leedsii min. humd.!70 71.2|74.5 76 |75.25 Average mean pe eeiEyre of caeneninine of the seed parent- Narcissus triandrus albus...]70 71 [73 75 |74 = |74.5 stocks. . . . 72.07° Narcissus agnes harvey.. 70 71.8|)73.8 75 | 74.4 Average mean aeanenebine of gelebtieation of “the éllens Narcissus emperor . 69 71 =| 74 75.5 | 74.53 PATON SUO CMS ing sin ais oS ars Foie wre do Sy agua gasnerere eioce alee 73.08° Narcissus triandrus albus... 70 71 | 73 75 | 74 72.8 Average mean temperature of gelatinization of the hybrid- Narcissus j. t. bennett poe..|64 64.869 71‘ 70 BLOCKS ccin esaecne a eA rae ME iedou NA Boom ca aa 166 ferent genera, the reaction being in some instances higher, or lower, or the same, or about the same, as the average reaction-intensity. In comparing the data of different genera, species, or hybrids, it was usually found that the two tend to fall and rise together—in other words, that if in one set the average mean temperature of gelatinization and the average reaction-intensity is at a given standard and if in the next set the temperature is higher, the average reaction-intensity will be higher, although the quantitative relationship between the two may vary; but-one may rise and the other fall, and so on. The varying relationships of these two sets of reac- tions will be seen by comparing the records in Table B 2 and Chart B 42. Strictly equivalent values in the two cases are not given because the scales are different and arbitrary. The range of temperature reactions are in- cluded between 51.5° (Liliwm parryi) and 83.25° (Hemanthus konig albert), representing a range of only about three-fifths of the scale, while in the reaction-inten- sities, as a whole, the entire scale is included; hence, it follows that strictly comparative values of the excursions of the temperature curve should be amplified two-fifths. This fault, however, does not interfere with the gross comparisons sought. Taking the two averages for the Amaryllis-brunsvigia-brunsdonna group as a starting- point, it will be observed that there is a well-marked sepa- ration of the two curves and that the temperature curve is the lower. Both curves fall in Hippeastrum, the tem- perature curve less than the other, and there is an inver- sion of the positions of the two curves, the temperature curve now being the higher. In Hemanthus both curves are still lower, both being close in the first set but well separated and again reversed in the second set, the tem- perature curve now being the lower as in Amaryllis- brunsvigia-brunsdonna. This last crossing is due to pe- culiarities, several times referred to, of Hemanthus puniceus. In Crinum both curves rise and undergo a marked separation in the last set, the temperature curve remaining in all three sets lower and changed to a less degree than the other curve. In Nerine both curves fall and approximate. In Narcissus the reaction-intensity curve remains at the same level as in the last set of Nerine, but the temperature curve rises to a point slightly above the reaction-intensity curve. In all of the follow- ing generic groups the temperature curve falls below the other curve, the degree being very variable, and the range of variability far in excess of what can be accounted for by error of calibration above referred to. These average differences do not begin to bring out or even indicate the extent and kind of these variations that are found when the data for members of different sets are compared. For instance, in Amaryllis-bruns- vigia-brunsdonna the temperatures of gelatinization are nearly the same, the maximum difference being only 1.75°, but the reaction-intensities vary between 76 and 52, the temperatures for Amaryllis and Brunsdonna san- dere being practically absolutely the same, while the reaction-intensity averages are 76 and 55, respectively— a wide difference. In other words, there may be no dif- ference in the temperature of gelatinization, but a wide difference in reaction-intensities. In the Crinum longi- foliwm-moorei-powellii set, C. powelli has the lowest tem- perature of gelatinization, but the highest average reaction-intensity. In Iris, in the first three sets the REACTION-INTENSITIES OF STARCHES. temperatures are uniformly higher than in the fourth set, but the relative reaction-intensities are the opposite, they being very much lower in the first three sets than in the last set, and the difference is proportionately far more marked than in the temperatures of gelatinization. In Begonia, in B. socotrana the temperature of gela- tinization is very much higher than in the other members of the genus represented, but the reaction-intensity is very decidedly lower. On the other hand, in Hippeas- trum the temperatures of gelatinization and average reaction-intensities are in both cases very closely alike. In Hemanthus katherine the temperature of gelatiniza- tion is distinctly higher than in H. magnificus, but with the average reaction-intensity, although there is a tend- ency, on the whole, for a starch that has a high tem- perature of gelatinization to have a corresponding reaction-intensity. In comparing the data of this table it is worthy of note that while there may be evidence in some reaction of a grouping of genera and of subgeneric divisions there may not be in others. For instance, the tempera- ture of gelatinization of the members of two genera may be close, as in the case of Hippeastrum and Nerine, but the sum and average reaction-intensities may be dis- tinctly different; or the temperatures may more or less distinctly individualize the genus, as in the case of Itlium; or they may individualize subgeneric groups, as in Iris, in which the first three sets and the last set stand distinctly apart from each other. While it may not be possible positively to recognize a genus upon the basis of temperature of gelatinization and average reac- tion-intensitiy, it is at least possible to state that it may be this or that genus or positively that it can not be a certain genus. For instance, having the data for Hip- peastrum and Nerine, it could perhaps not be stated conclusively which is which, although there is evident differentiation ; but neither could possibly be confounded with Amaryllis-brunsvigia, Lilium, Iris, Musa, Phatus, Miltoma, or Cymbidium ; nor could Lilium be mistaken for Iris or for any other genus with the exception, possibly, of Cymbidium. Lilium and Cymbidium are very widely separated genera, one belonging to Liliacez and the other to Orchidacex, and there should be a wide difference in the sum-total of their reactivities, but the reason why they are not here so differentiated is owing to their great sensitivity to the chemical reagents. So far as the temperature of gelatinization is concerned, it is well established that starches obtained from very remote plant sources may have the same temperature of gela- tinization, which peculiarity applies also to every rea- gent, both of which being in accord with what is to be expected of stereoisomers. On the other hand, they may exhibit differences, which vary in degree with different reagents. Hence, it follows that the starches are to be distinguished from each other by the collective pecu- liarities of each starch compared with those of other starches. 2, VELOCITY-REACTIONS WITH DIFFERENT REAGENTS. (Charts D 1 to D 691.) In the preceding section it was shown, among various conspicuous phenomena, that different starches exhibit a wide range of reaction-intensities with a given agent or REACTION-INTENSITIES WITH reagent; that the reactions of a given starch may vary with different agents and reagents within wide limits; that there is a manifest tendency to groupings of reac- tion-intensities of different starches that are, on the whole, very closely in harmony with the plant groupings of the systematist; that the most variable relationships exist between the starches in their reaction-intensities, as regards sameness, intermediateness, excess and deficit of reaction-intensity development of the hybrid in rela- tion to the reactions of the parents; and that the differ- ences in the reactions are conditioned by differences of the starch molecule, by the characters of the agents, and by molecular constitution and concentration of the reagents. The comparative studies of the reactions with the chemi- cal reagents have as their sole basis values that are ex- pressed in terms of percentage of starch gelatinized in 60 minutes or less. There was no note regarding dif- ferences that were recorded in the comparative percent- ages of the entire number of grains and total starch gelatinized at definite time-intervals, and only the most casual references were made to peculiarities observed in the progress of curves of the reactions from period to period; yet both of these features are found to be of great importance, alone and in conjunction with the findings presented in the foregoing sections, in the de- termination of generic, species, varietal, parental, and hybrid peculiarities of starches. The reaction-intensi- ties of different starches with different reagents recorded in Part II, Chapter I, include the percentages of both the entire grains and total starch gelatinized at definite time-intervals. The data of the total starch gelatinized have been tabulated in Section 3 of each of the Compari- sons of the Starches of the Parent- and Hybrid-Stocks in Chapter III, and they are here presented with few unimportant exceptions in the form of Charts D1 to D634 which admirably exhibit both intensity and progress of the reactions, and render comparisons of the behavior of both starches and reagents very satisfactory. Additional charts (Charts D 635 to D691) have been introduced to show the relationships between the per- centages of entire grains and total starch gelatinized at given time-intervals. There will also be found among Narcissus, Lilium, and Begonia a few charts that show differences between these percentages, and a few addi- tional charts to bring out certain generic peculiarities. These charts are so very numerous and the curves so exceedingly varied that detailed descriptions and com- parisons are rendered impracticable because of necessary limitations of space, although it will be perfectly mani- fest, after even a superficial survey, that the results of such a study would prove of great value in many direc- tions; yet very much that is of more than mere passing interest, value and suggestiveness can be brought out by even casual examination. PERCENTAGE oF ToTAL STARCH GELATINIZED AT DEFINITE TIME-INTERVALS. (Charts D 1 to D 634.) The curves of total starch gelatinized vary widely and the number and forms of types recognized are purely arbitrary. In some instances the curve is nearly or absolutely rectilinear, but in most cases it is circumlinear and varied, but suggestive usually of an ellipse, hyperbola BACH AGENT AND REAGENT. 167 or parabola or some modification of one of the three. The rectilinear curves are presented in the form of three types or what may tentatively be regarded as three modifi- cations or forms of a single type: (a) A form that is characterized by an immediate, very rapid and continually rapid rise of the curve at an angle approximating about 1° to 2° with the verti- eal, thus representing a complete or practically com- plete gelatinization in 1 or 2 minutes. This curve should probably be circumlinear inasmuch as it is likely that during equal increments of time larger increments of the starch are gelatinized during the earlier than later periods of the reactions, but the time-intervals here are too short for such determinations. This belief is sup- ported by the fact that when the reactions of the same starch but with a weakened reagent are somewhat less rapid, as when complete gelatinization occurs at the end of 5 minutes, this variation is noted and the circumlinear character of the curve is quite marked, the increments of gelatinized starch falling very rapidly and dispro- portionately after the first minute. This form of curve is illustrated in the Amaryllis-Brunsvigia-Brunsdonna group in the reactions with nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potassium hydroxide (Charts D 4, D5, D6, and D7). It will be seen that in some of the reactions the line is straight and in others curved. (b) Another form of the rectilinear type presents a curve that is almost if not entirely rectilinear, but hav:ng an inclination that rarely is less than an angle of 80° with the vertical, which is equivalent to a maximum of approximately 15 per cent of the total starch gelatinized in 60 minutes. This form of curve is associated usually with weak gelatinizing reagents and exceptionally re- sistant starches. It will very frequently be found in the study of these charts that while a given starch may show such a curvé with one reagent, a curve of the first form or of an entirely different type may be exhibited with another reagent. Such a curve is well typified in the reac- tions of Brunsdonna sandere alba with sodium sulphide, cobalt nitrate, cupric chloride, barium chloride, and mer- curic chloride (Charts D 12, D17, D19, D 20, D 21). (c) A third form of the rectilinear curve links in its varied positions the first and third forms, and were it not that the first two forms are very common and the third form relatively rare, there would be no good reason for the recognition of three forms. This form is illustrated in the reactions of Brunsvigia josephine with mercuric chloride (Chart D 21), of Crinum kircape with sodium sulphide (Chart D' 159), and of Nerine bowdeni with uranium nitrate (Chart D 225). The circumlinear type of curves is divisible into three forms: (a) One form shows that gelatinization begins and proceeds rapidly, there being progressively or practically progressively decreasing increments of starch gelatinized with additional increments of time. This form is illus- trated in the reactions of Amaryllis belladonna with sodium sulphide (Chart D12). This form of curve is very common, perhaps the most common of all. An examination of this series of charts (Charts D1 to D 634) will elicit most varied and modified gradations in both directions from what may properly be regarded as a true hyperbolic form. 168 (b) Another form is an inversion of the latter, gela- tinization proceeding very slowly at first and then in- creasing with additional increments of time. Such curves are illustrated in the reactions of Brunsdonna sandere alba with uranium nitrate (Chart D15), of Hippeastrum pyrrha with nitric acid (Chart D 46), of Crinum kircape with strontium nitrate (Chart D163), and of Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major and N. giantess with potassium sulphocyanate (Chart D 219). In this form there is a tendency to a continuously in- creasing increment of starch gelatinized with increasing increments of time. (c) A third form, and one that is frequently ob- served, shows reactions that begin relatively or absolutely slowly, followed by progressively increasing reaction, and this in turn by progressively decreasing reaction, with additional increments of time, thus giving a curve that approximates the form of the letter f. Such a curve is typified in the reactions of all four starches of the Amaryl- lis-Brunsvigia-Brunsdonna group with chloral hydrate (Chart D1), and in one or more of these starches with chromic acid, pyrogallic acid, potassium iodide, calcium nitrate, and copper nitrate (Charts D 2, D8, D14, and D18). This curve is a modification of the first form of the circumlinear type, the modification being brought about chiefly by a relatively marked early resistance of the grains to the reagent. The duration of the period and the degree of resistance are very variable. In some instances there is merely a suggestion of resistance ; and in others resistance is very marked in both degree and duration ; and in others various intermediate gradations and variations. Thus, in the reactions of Amaryllis belladonna and Brunsvigia josephine with cobalt nitrate (Chart D 17) there is only slight evidence of this early resistance, while in the Brunsdonna sandere alba and B. sandere reactions the resistance is very marked (Chart D 2), in the latter instance there being only 3 and 1 per cent respectively of the total starch gelatinized in 5 min- utes; while 77 and 79 per cent, respectively, was gela- tinized during the succeeding 10 minutes. In the chromic-acid reactions of the Nerine crispa-elegans- dainty maid-queen of roses group this period lasts in all four starches for 15 minutes, followed by a rapid gela- tinization, giving a well-marked f form of curve. While all four starches may show this resistance with one rea- gent, one or all may not with others, and the degree and duration of the resistance, may either or both be quite variable. Thus, in the chloral-hydrate reactions, two of the starches show slight early resistance, and two not any (Chart D 190) ; in the potassium-sulphocyanate reactions all four show a resistant period, two for 5 minutes, and so on. The inclination of this form of curve is very varia- ble, in some instances, being less than 30° (Chart D 2) ; in others, about 50° (Chart D1), in others about 80° (Chart D 18); and in others, between or beyond these extremes, the less the angle the less rapid, as a whole, is the process of gelatinization. Curves are not infrequently found which do not pur- sue a uniform rectilinear or curvilinear course, so that they are not classifiable among the forms stated. In other words, they appear to be at times erratic in their courses. For instance, in the reactions of Brunsdonna sandere with sodium sulphide (Chart D12) the curve REACTION-INTENSITIES OF STARCHES. during the first 15 minutes appears like a segment of the f form, but between the 15-minute and 45-minute inter- vals the curve drops instead of rises. In the sodium- hydroxide reactions with Brunsdonna sandere alba (Chart D 11), it seems from the courses of the curves of the other starches shown in the chart that the curve should have risen decidedly more by the end of the 15- minute interval, impinging at perhaps the 30 per cent ab- scissa instead of at the 16. In some instances these seem- ing or actual aberrations in the progress of gelatinization may be due to errors of experiment that are attributable to errors of estimation or to variations in attendant con- ditions ; but in most and probably in nearly all instances they are owing to peculiarities, molecular or physical, of the starch grains, as is indicated by the occurrence of identical or practically identical records when experi- ments have been repeated, even under varying incidental conditions. The curves of gelabinization of the starches consti- tuting a parental-hybrid group tend usually to divergence in their courses during the early part of the reactions, and when a definite position-relationship (highest, inter- mediate, same or lowest) is once established it is com- monly retained throughout the courses of the curves, but the degree of separation may be very variable, usually in- creasing for a variable period and then decreasing or increasing, more frequently decreasing. In some in- stances there is little or no difference between two or more of the curves of the group during an early period of the experiment, the length of which period being varia- ble, this period being followed by variable degree of divergence ; and in other instances, while divergence may be marked during the early and mid-periods of experi- ment, there may be sameness during the final period, and so on. ‘Crossing of curves is occasionally observed, but recrossing is very rare. Such peculiarities as are here indicated are illustrated in large part by the Amaryllis- Brunsvigia-Brunsdonna reactions (Charts D 1 to D 21). In most of these charts (excepting those in which gela- tinization is very rapid or very slow) there occurs pri- marily divergence and secondarily convergence. In Chart D 21 there is practically divergence from begin- ning to end of reaction. Charts belonging to the diver- gent type are common, for instance, among the Crinum zeylanicum-longifolium-kircape group (Charts D 148 to D 168). Different starches may exhibit with a given reagent the same or different curves. Thus the chloral-hydrate reactions with different starches show varying differences in regard to both type and form of type and in the de- gree of inclination of the curves. This feature is shown by both the individuals of the groups of parental and hybrid starches and by the different generic groups, as seen, for instance, by an examination of the reactions of the four starches as presented in Chart D1, and by the reactions of various generic representatives shown in Charts D 22, D 85, D 127, D190, D 265, D361, D 379, D 463, D 484, D505, D545, D574, D595, D616, and D619. Similar variations will be found in the reactions of other reagents, these differences being usually more conspicuous in the case of reagents that act usually with moderate activity than with those which act commonly with either much or little intensity. ; REACTION-INTENSITIES WITH A given starch may exhibit like or unlike reactions with different reagents, and the curves vary as much as do those of different starches with the same reagent, so that there may be most varied forms of the different types. This feature will be found to be well exhibited when the curves of the reactions of any given starch of any one of the generic groups are compared, for in- stance, the curves of Amaryllis belladonna (Chart D 1 to D21). The curve in the chloral-hydrate reaction is of the f form, having an inclination of about 50°, so that the upper end is at the termination of the 60-minute interval. The curve of the chromic-acid reaction is of the f form, but it terminates at the end of the 30-minute interval, giving it an inclination of about 30°, which indicates a very much more rapid gelatinization. It will be seen, however, that during the first 5 minutes the percentage gelatinized in both reactions is practically the same (12 and 10 per cent, respectively), that the gain in the chromic-acid reaction occurs during the next 10 minutes; and that the quantities gelatinized during the interval between 15 and 30 minutes are the same in both reactions. The pyrogallic-acid and chloral-hydrate curves bear a close resemblance; but the former is lower throughout, especially at the end of the 5-minute inter- val, indicating a more marked early resistance to this reagent than to chloral hydrate. J'rom this point on- ward to the end of 60 minutes the curves run very closely parallel. In 11 of the 21 experiments with different reagents the curves belong to the form of circumlinear type that is characterized by progressively decreasing increments of starch gelatinized during additional increments of time. These curves vary markedly in character. In some the increment of starch gelatinized during the first 5 minutes is very disproportionate to the quantities subsequently broken down, as is noted particularly in the reactions of potassium sulphide, sodium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, and strontium nitrate (Charts D10, D11, D14, and D16), in each of which about 98 per cent of the total starch was gelatinized in 5 minutes. In the sodium- sulphite reactions the increments of gelatinized starch are 66, 14, 4, 3, and 2 per cent. In the other reactions of this group, including those of potassium iodide, so- dium salicylate, uranium nitrate, copper nitrate, and cupric chloride (Charts D8, D13, D15, D18, and D 19), the curves exhibit various modifications in com- parison with the foregoing. In the mercuric-chloride reactions the curve is of a modified f form, tending, in fact, like the accompanying Brunsvigia josephine curve, to be rectilinear, but at an angle of about 18° as com- pared with about 26° for the latter. In the reactions of nitric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and potas- sium hydroxide (Charts D4, D5, D6, and D7), the curve is rectilinear and almost vertical, while in the barium-chloride reactions (Chart D 20) it is rectilinear and almost horizontal. Starches of members of a genus tend, as a rule, in their reactions with each reagent to yield curves that are of or incline to the same type and type form, except when there are subgeneric representatives or widely separated species, in which case it may be found that there is or is not relationship in the characters of the curves, and this peculiarity may also apply to the curves of hybrids in relation to those of its parents. For instance, taking EACH AGENT AND REAGENT. 169 the chloral-hydrate reactions: of the starches of Lilium (Charts D 347, D 354, D 367, and D 373) the concord- ance of both type and type-form is obvious; of the starches of Nerine (Charts D190, D211, and D 232), the curves of the five parental starches are of the f form, but vary in their courses sufficiently for easy differentia- tion; of the starches of Crinum moorei, C. longifolium and C. powellii compared with those of C. zeylanicum, where we have subgeneric or the equivalent of subgeneric representatives (Charts D 127, D 148, and D 169), the curves of the first three conform to a given type-form, while the curve of the latter is of an entirely different type; of the starches of Begonia, where similarly well- separated starches are represented by those of the seed parent on the one hand and by the starch of B. socotrana (pollen parent) on the other (Charts D463, D 527, D 533, and D539), the curves are closely similar; of the starches of Amaryllis and Brunsvigia, where two recognized genera are represented, the curves are much alike (Chart D1). Varieties that are offspring of closely related parental stock, as in Hippeastrum (Charts D 22, D 43, and D 64), tend to show marked closeness in the curves and this may also be seen not only in closely related species, as in Phaius (Chart D574) and Iris (Chart D 421), but also in closely related genera, as in Gladiolus and Tritonia (Charts D 463 and D'484). The curves of hybrids show, as will be pointed out particu- larly hereafter, the most varied relationships to the parental curves, varying between identity and great dissimilarity. Taking the reactions of all of the parental starches with any given reagent and comparing them with those of other rcagents, it becomes apparent that those of each reagent represent a group in which there are both simi- larities and dissimilarities ; and that the different groups as such exhibit similarities and dissimilarities, the reac- tions collectively of each group being quite as or even more distinct from those of another group as are those of members of the same group; that the more closely related the starches the more marked the tendency gener- ally to closeness of the curves, yet sometimes distantly or wholly unrelated starches may exhibit almost if not identical curves with a given reagent. In a word, the peculiarities of these reactions are of such characters as should logically be expected if we are dealing with stereoisomeric forms of starch. The starches of the hybrid and parents usually take on within a brief period after the beginning of gelatinization definite relationships, which may be the same or different in the reactions with different reagents. That is, if shortly after the beginning of the reaction the positions of the three curves should be in the order of intensit of reactivity, seed parent, pollen parent, and hybrid (high- est, intermediate, and lowest), this relationship usually tends to be continued during the entire period of gela- tinization, but with varying degrees of separation of the curves. The hybrid curve may bear any relationship to one or the other or both parental curves—that is, be higher or lower than either, or intermediate, or the same as one or the other or both. Rarely the parental curves cross (Chart D169), or the hybrid curve crosses one or the other parental curve (Chart D 89). The hybrid curves tend usually to follow closely the parental curves but they may differ as much or more from the parental 170 curves as do the latter from each other (Charts D 241, D 277, and D 343). When there are two hybrids of the same parentage, the curves may differ quite as much or more from each other, as the parental curves differ from each other. (Charts D1 to D 21.) PERCENTAGES OF ToTaL StarcH AND ENTIRE NUMBER OF GRAINS GELATINIZED AT DEFINITE TIME-INTERVALS. (Charts D 635 to D 688; also D 261, D 268, D 290, D 296, D 302, D 308, D 814, D 320, D 326, D 332, D 338, D 344, D 350, D 351, D 357, D 365, D 366, D 508, D 530, D 536, D 542.) The curves of the percentages of total starch and the entire number of grains completely gelatinized tend in general to correspond in their courses; but both may differ in varying ways, relatively and absolutely, in accordance with the kind of starch and the reagent, excepting, of course, when the reactions are too fast | or too slow for definite differentiation. When starch is gelatinized it passes into an imperfect or pseudo-solution, and the grains, like solid particles or masses of other substances passing into solution, show differences in solubility of both grains in their entirety and parts of individual grains. Some grains may undergo complete gelatinization, while others do not exhibit any obvious change; and other grains show very variable proportions that have undergone a breaking down. These peculiarities have been observed in all kinds of starch with the same reagent. They are con- stant for the same starch with the same reagent ; variable with the same starch with different reagents ; and variable with different starches with the same reagent. The behavior of each starch with the different reagents is, as a whole, so characteristic and specific as to be diagnostic. These several points will be found to be well illustrated if there be taken a number of starches that are represen- tative of different generic and subgeneric divisions, plot- ting in curves the data of the reactions of one of the starches with one reagent, and supplementing this group with curves of the reactions of a few arbitrarily selected starches with several reagents. Thus, taking the pyro- gallic-acid reactions (Charts D 635 to D649), it will be found that the curves of the percentages of total starch and the entire number of grains completely gelatinized differ widely; that the two curves of each starch tend in general to correspondence in their courses; that the degree of correspondence varies from marked closeness to an almost lack of any likeness; and that the degree of separation of the curves varies in the different starches and also during the progress of the reactions. It is obvious that the farther the separation of the curves the smaller relatively the percentage of the entire num- ber of grains completely gelatinized, and the higher rela- tively the proportion of the total starch gelatinized in the partially gelatinized grains. In some of the starches it will be seen that during the progress of the reactions the increasing height of the curve of the percentage of total starch gelatinized is almost if not directly proportional to the increase in percentage of the entire number of grains completely gelatinized—in other words, the total per cent gela- tinized is not appreciably or but little contributed to by the amount of gelatinization in grains that have under- gone only varying degrees of partial disorganization; in REACTION-INTENSITIES OF STARCHES. others, there will be found the reverse, the major por- tion of the percentage of total starch gelatinized being yielded by grains that have been only in part, but to vary- ing degrees, broken down; in others, there are various gradations between the former. These peculiarities are constant with each starch with each reagent, except in very rare instances, indicating thereby that they are in part expressions of inherent constitutional properties of starch molecules that differ in accordance with the plant source. In reactions that are completed within 2 to 5 minutes or so, or which are so slow that a very small percentage of the starch is gelatinized by the end of 60 minutes, the differences between the two percentages may be so small as to be undetectable, or if detectable of little or no value in demonstrating this peculiarity. This is found, for instance, in Lilium tenuifolium (Chart D 644), 99 per cent of the total starch is gelatinized in 5 minutes, 93 of this 99 per cent being contributed by grains completely gelatinized and the remaining 6 per cent of grains being only partially gelatinized, and 1 per cent unaffected. Additional instances are found, but in the opposite direction, in the reactions of Hemanthus kather- ine (Chart D639), Iris iberica (Chart D684), and Richardia albo-maculata (Chart D 652). Taking, in turn for comparative purposes, several selected charts of this series, and beginning with those of Lilium tenuifolium (Chart D 644) and Hemanthus katherine (Chart D 639), which represent opposite ex- tremes of reaction-intensities, and wherein the two per- centage curves in each are almost identical, variations in the courses of these curves will be found that are coupled with variations in the degree of separation of the curves during the progress of reactions, each chart being in one or both respects different from the other charts, and therefore characteristic of starch plus rea- gent. In Cymbidium lowianum (Chart D 657) the reac- tions occur rapidly, gelatinization being practically complete in 15 minutes, 98 per cent of the total starch being gelatinized in 5 minutes, of which quantity 87 was made up of the starch of completely gelatinized grains; while in Richardia albo-maculata only 11 per cent of the total starch was gelatinized in 60 minutes, of which quantity 6 per cent was made up of the starch of grains completely gelatinized. In some of the other charts gelatinization is shown to pro- ceed with fair to moderate activity, but during the earlier part of the 60-minute period the proportion of gelatinized starch contributed by grains that are entirely broken down is decidedly less than that by the partially gela- tinized grains. This peculiarity is well illustrated, for instance, in Iris iberica (Chart D646), Iris tro- jana (Chart D647), and Phaius grandifolius (Chart D655). In Iris iberica, at the end of 5-minute period, 20 per cent of the total starch was gelatinized, of which quantity only 2 per cent was contributed by grains that were entirely gelatinized ; at 15 minutes the figures are 62 and 30, respectively; at 30 minutes, 81 and 42, respectively; at 45 minutes, 86 and 53, respec- tively ; and at 60 minutes, 54 and 90, respectively. Simi- lar data are recorded in the other two charts, the proportions in each varying at the different periods— at the end of 60 minutes, in [ris iberica, 54: 70, in I. tro- jana, 63:96, and in Phaius grandifolius, 28:67, of the gelatinized starch was contributed by the grains that REACTION-INTENSITIES WITH EACH AGENT AND REAGENT. were entirely gelatinized. In Narcissus tazetta grand monarque, during the first 15 minutes less than 0.5 per cent of the grains, but 20 per cent of the total starch, were gelatinized, and during the progress of the reaction both curves rise, but the curve of the percentage of total starch rises somewhat more rapidly than the other. In certain of the charts this progressive separation is seen, as in Amaryllis belladonna (Chart D 635) and Tritonia potisu (Chart D651); in others, there is for a time separation, this being followed by approximation, as in Hippeastrum titan (Chart D 636) and Hemanthus puni- ceus (Chart D 640); and in others, there is an early marked separation followed in time by approximate parallelism, as in Gladiolus tristis (Chart D650) and Calanthe rosea (Chart D 658), and so on with various differences. While no two charts are identical some are quite similar, yet readily differentiated. Such similarity is apt to be found in very closely related varieties and species— for instance, in Hippeastrum titan, H. ossultan, and H. deones (Charts D636, D637, and D 638), and in Iris (Charts D 646, D 647, and D648). Those of the several species of Liliwm differ markedly (Charts D 643, D 644, and D645). Those of widely separated species, such as Hemanthus katherine and H. puniceus, are decidedly different from each other, which species for reasons as stated, probably represent subgeneric groups. The same peculiarities are true in Iris, those of I. iberica (Chart D 646), 7. trojana (Chart D647) and I. cen- gialtt (Chart D 648) having a close general resemblance, ‘and markedly contrasted with the curves of the appa- rently distantly related I. persica var. purpurea (Chart D 649), which curves are quite different from the former. Gladiolus and Tritonia (Charts D 650 and D 651), while representing closely related genera and exhibiting at the end of the 60-minute period the same percentages of both total starch and entire number of grains completely gelatinized, nevertheless present differences in the courses of the curves that are quite definitely distinctive. In some of the charts it will be seen that there is an early period of resistance of the starch to gelatinization. This is manifest in some instances in the percentage of completely gelatinized grains, but not in the percentage of total starch gelatinized, as in Iris iberica and I. trojana (Charts D 646 and D 647), and in Lilium chalcedonicum .(Chart D 645) ; in others, it may be the reverse, as in Narcissus tazetta grand monarque (Chart D 642) ; and in others, in both percentages, as in Amaryllis bella- donna (Chart D.635) and Hippeastrum titan (Chart D 636). In other charts both curves may begin at once to rise rapidly, but the percentage curve of total starch rises more rapidly than the other, as in Hemanthus puniceus (Chart D 640), L. martagon (Chart D 643), Musa arnoldianaw (Chart D 654), and Miltonia vevillaria (Chart D 656). In the different starches these changes go on with varying rapidity and relationships, so that by the end of the 5-minute period not only may the two curves of any given starch be well separated but their courses may be quite different. Thus, the figures for the percentages of total starch and number of grains com- pletely gelatinized in 5 minutes in the above four species are 33 and 65, 30 and 77, 30 and 86, and 27 and 50, respectively. It is to be noted that while in the four cases the percentages of the entire number of grains com- 171 pletely gelatinized are the same or nearly the same, the percentages of total starch are in all distinctly different. This is of diagnostic importance because it indicates inherent individual peculiarities of the several starches. The preceding groups of charts indicate to what degree the reactions of different starches with a given reagent ‘may differ in the percentages of both total starch and entire number of grains completely gelatinized, and also the tendencies in general to similarities of the pair of curves of closely related starches and to dissimilarities of distantly or unrelated starches. When similarities are observed, as in the very closely related Hippeastrums, such peculiarity is to be expected in the reactions of the same starches with other reagents. For instance, in the reactions with chloral hydrate (Charts D659, D660, and D661) the three pairs of curves are closely alike, the type of curve is the same as is seen in the pyrogallic-acid reactions (Charts D 636, D 637, and D 638), but the positions of the curves in the two reactions are different, owing to the distinctly lower reactivities of these starches with chloral hydrate. When, however, the reactions of the starches of well-separated or unrelated species are studied it is found that there may be the widest variations in the relationships of the two curves, not only with different agents but also with the same reagent, even to the extent that the percentage of total starch gelatinized will give a type of curve entirely different from that of the percentage of grains completely gelatinized. Thus, examining the pyrogallic- acid reactions of the various starches (Charts D 635 to D658), it will be found that there is with few excep- tions a well-marked tendency to separation of the two curves, and that in some instances the two curves are not of the same type, as in Lilium chalcedonicum (Chart D 645) and Iris trojana (Chart D647). In contrast with this, in the chloral-hydrate reactions (Charts D.659 to D 667) both curves tend to marked closeness in course and hence to the same type. Comparisons of the pyro- gallic-acid and chloral-hydrate reactions of the same starch bring out many interesting points. For instance, in Amaryllis belladonna (Charts D 635 and D 662) in the pyrogallic-acid reaction the two curves become widely separated during their progress, the percentage of com- pletely gelatinized grains ceases to increase after 30 minutes, but the quantity of gelatinized starch is mate- rially being added to by the grains that are undergoing partial gelatinization ; while in the chloral-hydrate reac- tion the curves keep very close throughout. The most marked difference between the reactions of the two rea- gents is seen in the curves of the percentage of the entire number of grains completely gelatinized, which differ greatly, while the total percentage curves differ compara- tively very little. In Hemanthus puniceus (Charts D 640 and D664) the pyrogallic-acid and chloral-hy- drate curves are of different types; and the curves of both pairs of percentages tend to closeness, more particu- larly the chloral-hydrate curves. In Narcissus tazetta grand monarque (Charts D 642 and D 665) both pairs are again different, not only from those of the preceding charts, but also from each other, and as markedly in the latter as in the former case. Here the types of the pairs of curves are distinctly different, and while the two curves in the pyrogallic-acid reaction tend to progressive separation, those of the chloral-hydrate reaction tend to 172 continued closeness. In Iris iberica (Charts D 646 and D 666) there is a difference in the type of the two curves in the pyrogallic-acid reaction, but not in the chloral- hydrate reaction, and in the former the curves tend to marked separations, but in the latter to marked closeness. In Phaius grandifolius (Charts D 655 and D 667) the same peculiarities are observed. Similar pairs of charts of the curves of other starches with these and other reagents exhibit corresponding characteristics. It is of importance to recognize that the differences be- tween the two curves may be as marked in the reactions of the same starch with different reagents as it is in the case of different starches with the same reagent. Indications of these differences have had incidental reference in the immediately preceding statements, and they may be sufficiently accentuated by reference to a single generic group of reactions, as, for instance, the reactions of Iris iberica with different rea- gents (Charts D 668 to D 688), that which is found here being taken as a rough index or suggestion of the records of the other starches. 3. Composite REacTION-INTENSITY CURVES WITH Dirrrerent AcEnts anp ReaceEnts. (Charts E 1 to E 46, and D 1 to D 691.) In the construction of the composite reaction-inten- sity curves the absciss are, in the polarization, iodine, gentian-violet, and safranin reactions in terms of gross quantitative light and color values based on an arbitrary scale of 105 in divisions of twentieths; in the tempera- tures of gelatinization, in the centigrade scale in divisions of 2.5°; and in the reactions with the chemical reagents on a duplex scale, the upper portion giving the time of complete or practically complete gelatinization (95 per cent or more of the total starch), and the lower portion of the scale the percentage of total starch gelatinized when complete or practically complete gelatinization has occurred within not less than an hour. The ordinates represent the agents and reagents used in the reactions. The reaction-intensity of each agent and reagent is marked upon its ordinate and upon the proper abscissa, and then a line is continued from ordinate to ordinate, making an irregular curve. This form of chart is espe- cially useful in the differentiation and recognition of varieties, species, subgenera and genera, and in compari- sons of the peculiarities of parents and hybrids. The method of construction is, however, faulty, and the curves are at times misleading because differences that have been recorded antecedent to the record used in the chart may be of very different significance, on which account there will be found here and there what appear to be discrepancies from what should be expected upon the basis of the data of the systematist; but as previously stated, each of these different kinds of charts brings out in a particular way certain features, and it is of pri- mary importance to note that there are presented in Charts D 1 to D 691 data of the progress of the reactions that are of essential importance in connection with understanding and proper interpretation of these com- posite charts. In a word, the composite charts exhibit in a gross and by no means accurate way comparative reaction-intensities. For instance, the reaction-intensi- ties of two or more starches may be shown to be 95 per cent of the total starch gelatinized in 30 minutes, or pre- REACTION-INTENSITIES OF STARCHES. cisely the same, whereas the records tor the preceding periods may or may not have shown any differences. This is illustrated in the uranium-nitrate reactions of Amaryllis belladonna, Phatus grandifolius, and Miltonia vexillaria (Chart D689), wherein at the end of the 5-minute period the figure for both Amaryllis and Phaius is the same or 65 per cent; and that of Miltonia 83; and at 15 minutes, and thence onward, they are practi- cally exactly the same for all three. Then again, the curves of gelatinization of any given starch may undergo a complete change in its relationships to other curves during its progress. This is well shown in the cobalt- nitrate reactions with the same starches (Chart D 690). At the end of the 5-minute period the order of reactivity is Miltonia, Amaryllis, and Phaius; at 15 minutes, Amaryllis, Miltonia, and Phaius; and at the end of the 30, 45, and 60 minute intervals, Amaryllis, Phaius, and Miltonia. In making the composite charts the records of these species at the end of 60 minutes are taken, and quite a different impression is given of relative reaction-intensi- ties than if the records had been used at the 5- or 15- minute periods. Another source of fallacy is to be found in the tendency in most of the reactions for convergence or divergence of the curves, this being apparent not only in the charts of the reactions of the starches of parents and hybrid, but also when the curves of arbitrarily selected starches are compared. This latter is set forth in the pyrogallic-acid reactions of the Amaryllis, Phaius, and Miltonta starches (Chart D691). Here it will be noted that while the Miltonia curve is highest, that of Amaryllis lowest, and that of Phaius intermediate, at the end of the 5-minute period the figures are 50, 6, and 5 per cent, respectively; at the end of the 15-minute period 34, 40, and 72 per cent, respectively; at the end of the 30-minute period 50, 75, and 84 per cent, respec- tively ; and at the end of 60 minutes 94, 90, and 67 per cent, respectively. In a word, at the end of the 5-minute period there was no practical difference between Amaryl- lis and Phaius, but a wide difference between them and Miltonia; and during the progress of the reactions, while gelatinization in Phaius tends to keep about parallel in intensity with that in Miltonia, that in Amaryllis tends to approach more and more closely the intensity of reac- tion in Miltonia, so that by the end of the hour the figures for Miltonia and Amaryllis are very nearly the same (94 and 90 per cent, respectively) while the figure for Phaius is only 67 per cent. Notwithstanding the grossness of this method of charting and the manifest tendency to introduce fallacies, it will be apparent by even a cursory survey of these charts from the aspect of taxonomy that they are not without very considerable value, and that by necessary modifications in the plan of charting we shall arrive at a positive means by‘ which plants can be identified and classified by the physico- chemical peculiarities of their starches and other complex metabolites, in other words, by a strictly scientific method. In Publication 173 similar charts were presented. In their formulation the number of reactions was less, the reagents somewhat different from those used in the pres- ent research, and the values expressed were in terms of complete or practically complete gelatinization time. At- tempts were made in the present investigation to lessen REACTION-INTENSITIES WITH EACH AGENT AND REAGENT. the sources of fallacy by increasing the number and changing the concentration of the reagents and modify- ing the standard of values in accordance with the abscis- se here used. Notwithstanding the crudities of the methods adopted and the fallacies introduced in the formulation of the composite charts in the former memoir the following was rendered apparent: That the reactions of members of a genus constitute a well-defined group, the mean of the character-values constituting a distinct generic type, this type tending to be similar to the types of very closely related genera and dissimilar to the types of distantly related or unrelated genera; that the reactions of different species of a genus yield curves that tend to be closely in conformity with the generic type of curve, but when there are representatives of subgenera or similar generic subdivisions there may be departures or aberrations from this generic type so that there may be as many subgeneric or group types as there are subgenera or subgeneric groups; that the reac- tions of varieties of a species yield curves that very closely correspond with those of the species ; and that the generic, subgeneric, and species differentiations are in general in close accord with established botanical data. The re- sults of the present research are in harmony with those of the preceding investigation, but some unexpected variations have been found, especially in the extent of certain generic and subgeneric differentiations which will be referred to here with sufficient detail. Taking up first those genera which are best repre- sented by species and varieties, but in which there are not included subgeneric or similar generic group repre- sentatives, such as Hippeastrum (Charts E 2, H 3, and E 4), Nerine (Charts E 10, E 11, and E 12), Narcissus (Charts E13 to H 24, inclusive), and Ltliwm (Charts E25 to E29, inclusive), it will be apparent upon even superficial examination that the starches of the varieties or species, or of both varieties and species, of each genus have curves that are in general very similar in form and that the type form of the curve in each genus is different from that of any other, and so markedly so that the curves of the members of one genus could not be confounded with those of another any more than could the plants themselves. It will also be noted that when the starches are from very closely related plants, as in the Hippeastrums, the curves are very closely alike, while in Nerine and Narcissus, respectively, where there are instances of both botanical closeness and separation, the variations from the mean or the generic type of curve tend to be more and more marked as the repre- sentatives of the genus are botanically farther separated. The curves of Ialiwm, while yielding a generic type very different from the Hippeastrum, Nerine, and Narcissus types, are of little usefulness in the differentiation of the various members of the genus represented because of the very rapid gelatinization of the starches with nearly all of the reagents. In order to satisfactorily differentiate these starches reagents of such modified strengths must be used as will render gelatinization very much less rapid, and probably additional reagents may be necessary. In other genera studied, where there are only the two parental and the hybrid representatives of the genus, as in Gladiolus (Chart E34), Tritonia (Chart E85), Richardia (Chart E40), Musa (Chart E41), Phaius (Chart E42), Miltonia (Chart E 43), 173 Cymbidium (Chart E44), corresponding peculiarities will be found, although in Gladiolus and Tritonia, closely related genera, the curves are so much alike as to indi- cate different species rather than different genera. There is also much resemblance between the Amaryllis and Phaius charts which represent very widely separated genera, but this singular peculiarity will be referred to particularly later on. In the Amaryllis-Brunsvigia reac- tions (Chart E1), where there is bigeneric representa- tion, the curves are quite different. When genera are represented by subgenera or sub- generic groups, as in Hemanthus (Chart £6), Crinum (Charts E7, E8, and E9), Jris (Charts E30, E31, E 32, and E33), and Begonia (Chart E 36), the curves of the subgeneric representatives may differ not only markedly but to even a much more marked degree than the curves of different genera generally of the same family—a most curious and as yet inexplicable phe- nomenon. In Hemanthus the curve of H. puniceus is so variant in comparison with those of H. katherine, H. magnificus, and both hybrids that it seems that this spe- cies must be separated botanically sufficiently far from the other two to be regarded as belonging to a different subgenus, although this differentiation may not have been recognized by the systematist. In Crinwm the curves of the representatives of the hardy and tender forms (C. moores and C. longifolium, hardy ; C. zeylanicum, tender) differ so markedly as to suggest members of different genera. In Tris, in the first three sets (Charts E 30, E 31, and E 32), the reactions of rhyzomatous forms are represented, and it will be seen that all of the curves conform closely to a common type; but in the fourth set (Chart E33) the reactions are of tuberous forms, all three curves conform with great closeness to a common type, and they all differ materially from the rhyzomatous type, and in fact so different are they that they would certainly not in the present stages of the investigation be recognized as belonging to the same genus. In Be- gonia there is found an even more remarkable instance of subgeneric differentiation in the curves of the tuberous and semituberous forms, the former being represented by four garden varieties and the latter by B. socotrana, a very exceptional and isolated species of the genus. Comparing the curves of these charts (Charts E36 to E39) it will be seen that the curves of the tuberous forms are in close conformity to a common type, while the curve of B. socotrana is so very unlike the curves of the former in a large number of the reactions with the chemical reagents as to suggest anything but generic relationship to the tuberous forms. Unfortunately, the number of reactions of the latter were with a single ex- ception very limited, but the curve of the reactions of B. single crimson scarlet (Chart E36) can with perfect safety be taken as very closely typifying the curves of the others. The Amaryllis and Phaius curves (Charts E1 and E42), while representing wholly unrelated and widely separated genera, give the impression of curves of closely related genera or even of species of a genus; in fact, the resemblance is much closer than that of related genera here represented, as, for instance, of Amaryllis and Bruns- vigia (Chart E1), of Phaius and Miltonia (Charts E 42 and E 43), or of Phaius and Cymbidium (Charts E 42 and E44). While there is some resemblance between 174 Phaius and Miltonia, there is exceedingly little between Phaius and Cymbidium. Obviously, from what is mani- fest by the curves generally of these charts, this resem- blance must be seeming rather than actual, and due to faultiness in the methods of experiment and charting. That the Amaryllis and Phaius starches differ far more than is indicated by the composite curves is shown by the records of the velocity reactions (Charts D 1 to D 21, and D 574 to D 594), and it is obvious that in the construc- tion of composite charts the recognition of such differ- ences is essential to even an approximately accurate presentation of the reaction peculiarities of any starch. It will probably be found that taxonomic differences of much value will be brought out by differences in the ratios of the reaction-intensities of different pairs or combina- tions of certain pairs of reagents, and there undoubtedly yet remain many reagents that can be employed to advan- tage in these studies, it being not improbable that the differences in reactions of a very few reagents may be specific in the differentiation of certain genera, as has been found, for instance, in the tests for proteins, all proteins responding to certain of the protein tests, but some only to certain tests to which others do not respond. Similar restricted methods of differentiation are by no means rare even to the systematist. Then again, in com- paring these curves it will be seen that no less than 7 of the 21 reagents have, apparently at least, proved useless because of the energy with which they cause gelatiniza- tion. Modifications of the strengths of these alone, or in conjunction with the other reagents, may elicit generic differences of such a character as to indicate the wide separation of these genera. These composite charts were studied individually in Chapter III, Section 6, of the comparisons of the reactions of the members of each set of parent- and hybrid-stocks, and two or more of them were considered comparatively whenever there were two or more sets belonging to the same genus. The main object in these studies was to bring out the relations of the hybrids in their reactions, individually and collectively, to one or the other or both parents. If now these charts are stud- ied collectively, with especial reference to the relation- ships of the hybrid curves to the parental curves, much data of comparative interest will be elicited that is likely to be missed otherwise. When the parental curves run very closely together, the hybrid curve tends to similar closeness; but when the parental curves tend to separa- tion, and especially with variance in their courses, the hybrid curve may tend to follow the curve of one or the other parent, to be intermediate, or to be more or less distinctly independent of both parental curves. Inter- mediateness is much more of an exception than a rule, and therefore except in few instances is far from being a criterion of a hybrid. (See also Tables F and H.) In Hippeastrum (Charts E2 to £4), Narcissus (Charts E 13 to E 24), Iris (Charts E 30 to E 33), and Richardia (Chart E 40) the parental curves tend in each group and genus to marked closeness in their positions and courses, and the hybrid curves similarly tend to closeness to the parental curves, but varying from reaction to reaction in their parental relationships. When the parents are well separated species, as in Hemanthus (Chart E 5), Crinum (Chart E9), Nerine (Charts E10 to E12), Narcissus (Chart E14), etc., and the parental curves .oculata). REACTION-INTENSITIES OF STARCHES. are generally well separated and somewhat variant in their courses, though on the whole conforming to generic types, the hybrid curves tend to equal or greater degrees of variance. And when the parents are representatives of different genera, as in the Amaryllis-Brunsvigia group (Chart E 1), or of subgenera or subgeneric groups, as in Hemanthus (Chart E6), Crinum (Charts EY and E 8), and Begonia (Chart £ 36)—where the paren- tal curves are not only well separated but tend to more or less markedly different courses—the hybrid curves show their greatest variabilities in their relations to the parental curves, in some instances tending to have in general marked closeness to the curves of one parent, in others to have a position of intermediateness which is usually closer to one of the parents than to the other, and in others to have a more or less wide departure from both parental curves. When there are two hybrids of the same parentage, as in Amaryllis-Brunsvigia (Chart E 1), Nerine (Charts E10 and E11) and Narcissus (Chart E 13), the hybrids of each pair of parents tend to differ less from each other, as a rule, than the parents differ from each other; unless, as in case of Amaryllis-Bruns- vigia, the parents are so far separated as to give well separated. curves, in which case the curves of the hybrids may not only be quite at variance with the parental curves, but also be distinctly better separated from each other, and show even more marked differences from the parental curves than the latter show in relation to each other. In a number of sets of parent- and hybrid-stocks studied a given parent is found to be the seed parent in one set and the pollen parent in another, or the seed parent or the pollen parent in both sets, but with an as- sociated parent that is different in each of the two sets— as in Hemanthus (H. katherine, which is the seed parent in two sets, the pollen parents being different) ; Crinum (C. mooret, C. zeylanicum, and C. longifolium, which are differently paired in the three sets); Nerine (N. sarniensis corusca major); Narcissus (N. poeticus or- natus, N. poeticus poetarum, N. abscissus, N. albicans, N. madame de graaff, and N. triandrus albus) ; Lilium (L. martagon album and L. maculatum) ; Iris (I. tberica and I. cengialti) ; and Calanthe (C. vestita var. rubro- In connection therewith many interesting features have been recorded in the histologic and polari- scopic properties and in the reactions with heat and various chemical reagents which show most varying trans- missibilities in both kind and degree of parental charac- ters to the hybrid, but a detailed review is not necessary and is prohibited by want of space in an already too volu- minous report. The most important of such data will be found presented for the most part and in succinct form in Chapter III, and in detail in Part II, Chapter I, under the appropriate headings. 4, Serres or Cuarts. The various charts of the reaction-intensities are re- ferred to particularly or incidentally with frequency throughout Part I, and it was found in the final arrange- ment of the report that it was desirable chiefly for conven- ience of reference to bring all of them together in one section. In addition to these a series, F 1 to F 14, is in- cluded, but which belongs in the next chapter, in several of which certain reaction-intensities are also recorded. 175 Cuart A 1.—Polarization Reactions. Cuart A 2.—Iodine Reactions. INTENGITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. INTRNEITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. A A GQ a aos se ise 36 oo8 08 b a A Oo n i 3 u] ul] 92 oe se JAMARYLLIS BELLADONNA RONSVIGIA OSePHIN IBRUNSVIGIA JOSEPHINE IRUNSDONNA SAND. ALBA IBRUNSDONNA SAND. ALBA RUNSDONNA GAND! JARUNSDONNA GANDER@ EASTROM TITAI Len PI HUPPEASTRUM CLEO! }HAPPEASTRUM. FITAN-CLEONIA IHIPPEASTRUM OSSULTAN HIPPEASTROM }HUPPEASTRUM OSSULT-PYRA. |HIPPEASTRUM DZONES HIPPEASTRUM ZEPHYR |HIPPEASTRUM DAON,-ZEPH. HEMANTHUS KATHERINE }HAMANTHUS MAGNIFICUS HAMANTHUS ANDROMEDA }EMANTHUS KATHERINE LEMANTHUS PUNICEUS KONIO ALBERT ‘RINUM MOORET ICRINOM ZEYLANICOM {CRINUM HYBRIDUM J. CB. RINUM ZEYLANICUM cRaNUM LONGIFOLIUM ICRINUM KIRCAPE CRINUM POWELLO INERINE CRISPA EG, INERINE DAINTY MAID INERINE aaa a ROSES INERINE Bt JNERINE Baan aR COR. MAS. {SERINE RINE GIANTES ANCE Reena SARN. VAR. COR. MAT ‘OTH. NERINE CURV. VAR. F JERINE GLORY OF SARNIA INARCISSUS POETICUS ORNAT. INARCISSUS POETICUS PORTAR. NARCISSUS POETICUS HERRICK (CISSUS POETICUS DANTE INARCISSUS GLORIA MUNDI NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS JARCISSUS FIERY CROSS INARCISSUS TELAMONIUS PLEN, NARCISSUS Porricus ORNATUS NARCISSUS DUB! INARCISSUS PRINCESS MARY INARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR -RESSET NARCISSUS ALBICANS NARCISSUS ABSCISSUS INARCISSUS BICOLOR APRICOT INARCISSUS EMPRESS INARCISSUS ALBICANS INARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAFF INARCISSUS M. ADAME DE Gi INARCISSUS LORD ROBERTS NARCISSUS LEEDSH MIN. topen ARCISSUS TI RIANDRUS, (ALBUS [NARCISSUS AGNES HAP! INARCISSUS EMPEROR INARCISSUS TRIANDRUS ALBOS NARCISSUS J. T BENNETT POE LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM ILIUM MACULATUN ILIUM MACULATOM LILIUM DALHANSONE LILIUM TEI NUIFOLIOM LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM LELIUM GOLDEN GLEAM LUM C1 NICUM. ILMLTUM CANDIDI LILIUM TESTACEUM LILTOM PARDALINUM LILFUM PARRYT LLTOM Bl SICA VAR. PURPUREA IRIS PER: IRIS SINDJARENSIS RIS PURSIND IGEADIOLUS CARDINALIS RITONIA POTT! Trironta ERocosata AUREA TRITON JBEGONIA SING Cae Sch BEGONIA SOCOTRA |BEGON! EAL Sot. Laie eae BEGONTA BEGONLA SOCOTRAN IBEGONIA ENSIGN /BEGONIA DOUBLE WHITE SOCOTRANA BEGONIA DOUB. DEEP ROSE JBEGONIA SOCOTRANA JBEGONIA SUCCESS IA ALBO-MACULATA. RICHARD! RICHARDIA ELLIOTTIANA IRICHARDIA MRS. ROOSEVELT IPHATUS WALLICHU HATUS HYBRIDUS EASTRUM ZEPHYR MIPPEASTRUM DZON-ZEPH. LEMANTHUS KATHERIN® US MAGNIFICUS IHEMANTHUS ANDROMEDA HAMANTHUS KATHERINA JLMANTHUS PUNICEUS tn. KONIG ALBERT ICRINUM MOOREI ICRINUM ZEYLANICUM CRINUM HYBRDUM J. C. B ICRINUM ZRYLANICUM ICRINUM LONGIFOLIUM Mt KIRCAPE ICRINUM LONGIFOLIUM ICRINUM MOOREI {CRINUM POWELL |NERINE CRISPA. INERINE ELEGANS — NERINE D, INERINE QUEEN OF ROSBS INERINE BOWDENT INERINE SARN. VAR. COR MAJ. NEI RINE. NERINE ABUNDANCE {reso san SARI. yan cOR. fort, |NEBINE Stony OF SARNIA Panctesus Porricus onnar. NaRcIssUs Porricus ianics NARCISSUS POETICUS DANTE INARCISSUS TAZ. GRAND Mt INARCISSUS TAZ. GRAND MON. INAKCISSUS: ROEricuS vonNaTvs NARCISSUS Soe ran caters NARCISSUS PO MPH NARCISSUS POETAZ TRIUMP! ARCISSUS GLORIA MUNDI —[ranciss0s POETICUS ORNATUS NARCISSUS FIERY CROSS ee a 1s Porricus 0 ORNATOS ARCISSU! RARCISSUS DUBLOON NARCISSUS PRINCESS SS ee POETICUS poran. INARCISSUS C1 INARCISSUS ABSCISSUS [NARCISSUS ABSCISSUS INARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. INARCISSUS POETICUS POBTAR. INARCISSUS WILL SCARLET NARCISSUS WILL SCARLET CISSUS ALBICANS NAR NARCISSUS ARCISSUS BICOLOR APRICOT NARCISSUS EMPRESS: INARCISSUS ALBICANS JNARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAMPT INARCISSUS WEARDALE PERFECT. INARCISSUS WEARDALE CT. INARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAFF CISSUS MADAME DE GRAAVE NARCISSUS PYRAM! NARCISSUS 3 INARCISSUS MONARCH Ey IARCIESUS. SH MIN. HOME INARCISSUS EMPEROR INARCISSUS. TRIANDRUS ALBUS’ NARCISSUS J. T. BENNETT POE Loom LILIUM MARTAGON ALUM MACULATUM LOM LILIUM MARTAGON [EILTUM MACULATOM LILIUM ~DALHANSONT TOM TENUIFOLIUM IM MARTAGON ALBUM GOLDEN GLEAM is ce ROTANA RIS. seheALs RIS TROJANS TRIS TBERICA ERIS TBERICA TRIS CENGLALTE TRIS CENGIALTE TRIS DORA IBIS DORA TRIS CENGLALTI RIS PALLLDA QUEEN OF MAY Bs Cason MRS. GREY PALLIDA UEEN OF MAY RIS MRS. Taek green IRIS PERSICA A PURPUREA IRIS SINDJAREN: RIS PURSIND GLADIOLUS CARDINALIS GLADIOLUS TRISTIS GLADIOLUS COLVILLE! et ADIOLUS 3 tuoris [TRITONIA POTTS TRITONIA CROCOSMIA AURZA TRITONIA CROCOSMAPL ORA NTA SING. CRIM. SCAR. BEGO! BEGONIA SOCOTRANA BEGONIA MRS. HEAL eee ewe tee LIGHT ROSE BEGONIA DOUB. DEEP HOSE OTRANS BEGONIA SUCCESS RICHARDIA ALBO-MACULATA RICHARDIA- ELLIOTTIANA JRICHARDIA MRS. ROOSEVELT sash ARNOLDIANA GOLETO PAGSAAFARIDA {USA BYBRIDA IPHAIUS GRANDIFOLIVS GRANDIPOLIVS CALANTHE VEST. VAR RUB.OC. ALANTHE REGNIERL CALANTH BRYA Cuart A 3.—Gentian-violet Reactions. Cuart A 4.—Safranin Reactions. IBRUNSDONNA SANDER EIPPEASTRUM TITAN HIPPEASTRUM CLEO! HUIPPEASTROM. SHTAN-CLEONIA HIPPEASTROM OSSULTAN HIPPEASTROM PYRRHA HIPPEASTRUM OSSULT.-PYRI. ‘ASTRUM DAONES HIPPE, HIPPEASTRUM ZEPHYR HIPPEASTRUM DON-ZEPH. UEMANTI KATHERINA, _|HEMANTHUS MAGNIFICUB ' HAMANTHUS ANDROMEDA I'S KATHERINE. te MAI THUS PUNICEUS KONIG ALBERT cRINUM CRINUM, TEYLANICOM CRINUM HYBRIDUM J.C. H. CRINUM ZEYLANI CRINTM Tonciroitom CRINUM KIRCAPE LONGIPOLIUM CRINUM CRINUM MOOREL CRINUM POWELL NERINE CRISPA NERINE ELEGANS in MAID NERINE QUEEN OF ROSES NERINE BOWDE! NE! NERINE ABUNDANCE NERINE SARN. VAR. COP. MAJ. NERINE CURV VAR FOTH. MAJ. EI NERINE GLORY OF SARNIA NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNAT. NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. US HERRICK NARCISSUS POETICUS DANTE NARCISSUS GI LORIA MUNDI NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS NARCISSUS FLERY CROSS NARCISSUS TELAMONIUS PI LEN. NARCISSUS PORTICUS ORNATUS NARCISSUS DUBLOON NARCISSUS PRINCESS MAPY NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. NARCISSUS CRESSET ISSUS ABSCI: iN ISSUS NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. 3 WILL SCARLET 1SSU8 ALBICANS ARC! NARCISSUS ABSCISSUS 0: 4NARCISSUS BICOLOR APRIQOT NARCISSUS EMPRESS NARCISSUS iS NARCISSUS MADAME DE ORAAVF Rarcissus WEARDALE PERPECT. RCISSU! MADAME DE GRAAFF Teancissus PYRAMUS NARCISSUS MON, [ARCH NARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAFF NARCISSUS LORD ROBERTS mARCISsUS EMPERO! IS ALPUS NAR RU: NARCISSUS ? MY GERNETT POR LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM MACULATOM SLUM MARTAGO! Lg LOLI MACULATUM LILIUM DALHANSONI LILIUM TENUIFO! LTUM LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM LILIUM GOLDEN GLEAN LILTUM CHALCEDONICUM LILIUM CANDIDUM LELIUM TESTACEUM TRIS CENGIALTL IRIS PALLIDA QUEEN OF MAY TRIS MRS. ALAN GREY TRIS PERSICA VAR. PURPUREA TRIS SINDJARENSIS IRIS PURSIND ADIOLUS CARDINALIS LADIOLUS TRISTIS |GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI TRITONIA POTTS ITRITONIA CROCOSMIA AUPEA TRITONIA CROCOSMEFLOKA BEGONIA Ension EGONIA DOUBLE WHITE peconut cocoreann BEGOMTA sino. ch CRIM. SCAR. BEGONIA Sans. i BEGONIA ows. LIGHT ROSE SOTRANA 131 BECOMIA DOUB. DEEP ROSE SOCOTRANA —lBecomA Success RICHARDIA ALBO-MACTLATA ELLIOTTIANA RICHARDIA MRS. ROOSEVELT PHAIUS GRANDIFOLIUS GUTENGITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS, INTENSITT OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. R Ay a an o o oO 4 a @ a @ ® ¢ AMARTLLISi BELL ABONNA ONSTIOUA, JOSePuIN aS RUNSDONNA SAND ALBA RUNSDORTA BAND. ALBA UNSDONNA BANDERG OIPPEASTRUM CLEONIA HIPPEASTRUM TITAN-CLEOMIA HIPPEASTRUM OSSULTAN EIPPEASTRUM {UM OSSULT.-PYRH. HIPPEASTRUM DEONES BIPPEASTRUM DON.-ZEPIL CRINUM ICUM CRINUM LONGIFOLIUM CRINUM KIRCAPE CRINUM LONGIPOLIUM CRINUM MOORET CRINUM POWELLID NERINE CRISPA NERINE ELEGANS NERINE DAINTY MAID NERINE QUEEN OF ROSES NERINE BO WDENT NERINE SARN. VAR. COR MAJ. dL NERINE CUR NERINB GLORY OF SARNIA POETICUS ORNAT. NARCISSUS ——] RARCISSUS POETICUS POFTAR. NARCISSUS POETICUS HERRICE [NARCISSUS POETICUS DANTE RAN] NARCISSUS TAZ. GRAND MON. TURCISEE FAL ORAND MO RAGSES SORTS" thon” NARCISSUS POETAZ TRIUMPH NARCISSUS POETAZ TRIUMPH NARCISSUS GLORIA MUNDI —|FARCISSUS POBTICUS ORNATOS FIERY CROSS NARCISSUS TELAMONTUS PLEW, NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS NARCISSUS DUBLOON [ARCISSUS PRINCESS MARY CISSUS POETICUS POBTAR. IS CRESSET ABSCISSUS: NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. MARCISSUS ALBICANS CISSU! NAR IS, ABSCISSUS NARCISSUS BICOLOR APRICOT EMPRESS: RARCISSUS ALBICANS NARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAFF RARCISSUS WEARDALE PERFECT. NARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAFF NARCISSUS PYRAMUS NARCISSUS LEEDS MIN. HUMB nae S FRARDRUS eis NARCISSUS TRIANDRUS ALDUS ARCISSUS AGNES INARCISSUS AGNES HARVEY INARCISSUS B) INARCISSU:! NARCISSUS J. T. VENNETT POR LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM juno MACULATUM LILO eee MARTAGON \CULATUM [iit DaLHANSOn pay TENUIFOL! TAGON ALS MARI Linon GOLDEN GLEAM LILIUM PARDALINUM baIn app in pase LLOM 10M BURBARED IS IBERICA TRIS TROJANA TRIS TROJANA ERI TRIS IBERI rus: CENGILTE RIS cenourn RIS CENGIALTI TRIS PALLIDA DA QUEEN oF MAT IS MRS. ALAN IRIS PERSICA VAR. PURPURZA IRIS SINDJARENSIS SLapioLns. CARDINAL GLAD! GL ADIOLUS coLvaies TRITONTA POTTSI TRITONIA CROCOSMIA AUREA NTA, TRITOMA CROCOSMEFLORA BEGONIA SING. CRIM. SCAR. BI SOCOTRARA BEGONIA MRS. HEAL BEGONIA DOUB. LIGHT ROSE OTRANA BEGONIA SOC BEGORIA ENSIGN BEGONIA DOUB. DEEP ROSE BEGORIA SOCOTRARA -|BEGONIA SUCCESS RICRARDIA ALBO-MACULATA —}RICHARDIA ELLIOTTIANA CHARD] MUSA poeta Mose ener MUSA Sean MUSA BYBRIDA PHAIUS Cuart A 5.—Temperature of Gelatinization Reactions. Cuart A6.—Chloral-hydrate Reactions. ONTEMSTTE OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. & i PE2Q CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATIVIZED IN 40 MINUTES ‘THOME OF COMPLETE OELATINIZATION UN MINUTES. oo OHA tN rx OAH DD nn dp sa o 3 oo Nn DV = =o a ee ae ee etebeese sd ole sys ke se as ee BELLADI gf }RUNSYIE rae eat BRUNSDONNA GANDERG. aun Te HIPPEASTRUM TITAN PEASTRUM TITAN-CLEONIA aioe aig HIPPEASTRUDE yan SOPPEASTRUM OSSULT-PYRB. HUPPEASTRUM OSSULT.-PTRH. uM DAONES HIPPEASTRUM DZONES RUM ZEPHYR HIPPEASTRUM DEON-ZEPH. BIPPEASTRUM ZEPHYR HIPPEASTRUM DON.-ZEPH. HAMANTHUS KATHERINE MANTHUS MAGNIFICUS HLEMANTHUS HAMANTHUS Moonmtets: HAMANTHUS ANDROMEDA }LEMANTHUS ANDR i i iB FLEMANTHUS KATHPRINS: HEMANTHUS FUMIcEUS HEMANTHUS PUNICEDS KOmo ALBERT KONIG ALBERT CRINUM MOOREI CRINUM MOOREL CRINUM ZBYLANI RINUM ZEYLAI CRINUM HYBRIDUM J. C. B RINUM HYERIDUM omy. cm CRINUM ZEYLANICUM CRINUM ZEYLANICUM CRINGM LONGIFOLIUM CRINUM LONGIFOLIUM CRINUM KIRCAPE CRINUM KIRCAPE CRINUM LONGIPOLIUM CRINUM CRINUM Mi CRINUM PO cRIN NERINE CRISPA NERINE CRISPA RERINE ELEGANS NERINE ELEGANS NERIBE NERINE DAINTY MAID NERINE QUEEN OF ROSES NERINE QUEEN OF ROSBS NERINE BOWDEN NERINE BOWDENI SARI. VAR COR. MAJ. NERINE SARN, VAR. COR MAJ. NERINE GIANTESS: NERINE GIARTESS NERINE ABUNDANCE NERINE ABUNDANCE NERINE SARN. VAR. COR. DIA} NERINE SARN, VAR. COR. MAJ. CURY, VAR. FOTH. MAJ. RERINE CURV. VAR. FOTH. MAJ. NERINE GLORY OF SARNIA NERINE GLORY OF SARNIA NARCISSUS POETICUS. ORNAT. NARCISSUS PORTICUS ORNAT. NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. RARCISSOS POBTICUS POETAR RARCISSUS POETICUS HEARICE NARCISS HER! CISSUS POETICUS DANTE NARCISSUS POETICUS DANTE RAR RARCISSUS TAZ. GRAND MON. NARCISSUS TAZ. GRAND MON. NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS WARCISSUS POETAZ TRIUMPH NARCISSUS POETAZ TRIUMPH ~ ome RARCISSUS GLORIA MUNDI NARCISSTS GLORIA, MUNDI NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS ates, US FIERY CROSS NARCISSUS FIERY CROSS eanones: Hes NARCISSUS TELAMONIUS PLEN. NARCISSUS TELAMONTD NARCISSUS POETICUS ORNATUS Nanciss0S POETICUS ORNATOS ARCIGSUS DUBLOON NARCISSUS D NARCISSUS PRINCESS MARY NARCISSUS PRINCESS MARE NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. NARCISSUS POETICUS PORTAR NARCISSUS CRESSET NARCISSUS CRESSET NARCISSUS ABSCISSUS ee Ae eaitak. NARCISSUS POETICUS POETAR. NARCISSUS WILL SCARLET NARCISSUS WILL SCARLET CISSUS ALBICAN' NARCISSUS ALBICANS, Rancissus ABSCISSOS NARCISSUS BICOLOR APRICOT PAROS PIRGERR APRICOT nancissie £MrErea NARCISSUS ALBICANS NARCISSI NARCISSUS MADAME DB GRAAST MAR CISOUS MADAME /DELOEAAT WARCISSUS WEARDALE PERFECT. NARCISSUS WHARDALE PERFECT. {NARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAY RTT phuacuy oe OBAAFE NARCISSUS PYRAMUS RARCISSUS MONARCH CR eee A Rn GRADE: NARCISSUS MADAME DB GRAAF NARCISSUS LORD ROBERTS PE ee ANRERES INARCISSUS LEED! [NARCISSUS LEEDSI MIN. NARCISSUS: TRANDRUS “unUa RARCISSUS TRIANDRUS, "auaee NARCISSUS AGNES HARVEY NARCISSUS AGNES HAR IS EBMPE! ran ance EMPEROR sag ALBU! NARCISSUS TRIANDi SSS TRIADRUS a. HARD! NARCISSUS J. T. BENNETT POR RARCISSUS J. NNETT Po POR LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM LILIUM MACULATUM MARHAN LILIUM MARTAGON ALBUM LILIUM MACULATUM MARHAN MARTAGON LILIUM DALBANSONE JOM MARTAGON iy MACUL ATU DALHANSONI ULIOM AEANTAG IN ALA TAGO! 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SAAITER TEE car #-08 ATT aL gat moe CALANTHE BRYAN CALANTHE BRYA 12 178 Cuart A 7.—Chromic-acid Reactions. YEA CERT OF TOTAL STARCH ORLATINIZED IN 00 MINUTES. TIME OF COMPLETE GELATINIZATION IN MINUTES. sexes sssaesslagaggges as LEMANTHUS KA] FLEMANTHUS MAGIVIFICUS | ELE MANTHU! (OOREL PO} TERINE CRISPA NERINE. DAINTY. MADD NERINE QUEEN OF ROSES NERINE BOWD ENT HERING SARK: ‘VAR. COR. MAJ. RERINE ABUNDANCE TERINE SARN. VAR. COR. MAJ. NERINE CURVY. VAR FOTH. MAJ. NERINE GLORY OF SARNIA NARCISSUS POETICUS QRNAT. TELAMONTUS PLEN. POETICUS ORRATUS DUBLOON NARCISSUS PRINCESS MART NARCISSUS POETICUS PORTAR. NARCISSUS CRESSET NARCISSUS ABSCISSUS NARCISSUS POETICUS PORTAR. NARCISSUS WILL SCARLET ‘ABSCISSUS NARCISSUS BICOLOR APRICOT ALBICANS FARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAPY IARCISSUS WEARDALE PERFECT. NARCISSUS MADAME DE GRAAFF NARCISSUS PYRAMUS Ni MADAME DR GRAAF? JNARCISSUS LORD ROBERTS INARCISSUS LEEDS MIN. 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VIOLASILYS, pulodvtma Srriasvny| wiuiogeria SrA] 7” o2 929 0 0 [a -r-r- --- en -Tee-) ow ow O Ww O Ww 0 we}]o o D9 oO Oo ee eae see 288/88 8&8 sea ae fS2ee 888 FB S/S F 8k FSB Re “SELOSIN M2 HOULYZIMILVTES S171dA09 40 ENIL “SRLOMIM 09 MI GHZIMILVINO HOAVIS TWIOL £0 Lut) WE “SELOMIN MI MOLLYZINILVIEO SISTKHOD 40 TFL “SALOMIN 09 Al CUZINILVIRO HOWVIS TVLOL 40 LNSD Bad 183 Cuart A 17.—Sodium-sulphide Reactions. SO.LYNYO SOSLIOd SOSSIDYVN “MON GilvdO ZYL SAssDuvN “IVA ALOd “AVA “AuOD ANTTIN, ‘{V AOS AVA “REVS: aunt — VuOTPNSOOOW) VOL USLlod ViNOLniL HaWOMt Zv1aIOd SOSSUYN YRS 40 A¥O19 SuNTENT— @oMVaNnay aNTWaN ITT#Mod WONT —] 4WAHdaZ WOULSVaddIH] WexaNys VANOUSNOUG! ‘wiv “aNVS VuNOasuayg wsrndaso! VI9lASNONg VAMOGVTTAR SITIAEVICV o » 9 o © wo S2 aes 8 32 8 SELMA MI MOLLYZIMILYTZD HLTIAOS 40 ARIL wo1o 9 600060 09090060 9 9 w©1o @ G0 rF 0 8 FO N “SRLUTN 0 MI CHZIMLLVTAO BOUVIG TVLOL 40 SNKD Usd Cuart A 18.—Sodium-salicylate Reactions. 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VINOTISNVUL WOuIsvadaTH| WINOZT) WOULSVaddlH) VINOZT) WAYLSVvadaTH MVILL WOWISVaddTH| NVLIL WOULSVad WYaGNYS YNNOGSNOM DwzaNVS YNNOGSNDU! VETV “GNVS VNNOGSNOXR| Vary “GNYS YNNOASNaUG] WMHAaSOL VIOLASNOAAl FNTAGZSOL VIOTASKOUG| VANOUVTISa SITU VaMOOVTTad SITU “bo Oo Db O DY ODO W oO HwI1Oo Oo o ol9 9 89 G8 FS © © Ue o ¢ Oo oa wWjo o -— - uN MN 8 z 3 re) 8|3 oO 3 -e Oo oO TO NUN F bi = Ln oO © 3 3 i) 8|8 a 3 2 3 8 z 8 a 2 “CRLOAIN NI HOLLYZIMIIVIED GIETANOD 40 FALL “SRLOMIA 0 MI CSZLIVISO BOSVLS TVLOL dO LED Sd “SALOMIN MI MOILVZUOLYTAO B1S1dHO) 40 PIL BALOMIN 09 MI CaZINIIVTES HOUVIS TVLOL 40 INTO wad 185 Cuart A 21.—Strontium-nitrate Reactions. ROaMANTE PLAIGTSRAD| manga Talon. FQNVLAOT ROIGEAAD ROVINOT PULIGTEUS | vuvasTe YuormA}-— wwvosts Wipe VINOLTK Tire ViNOLIM WrSvTIOEAA VINOLTIN, YRIVTOXaa VINOLTIN snar@an solved SOdTHaAH sorva DEDITIVA SOIVHd| MHOrTIvA Sova, sartodiauvao sarvid) ‘3 Salva VantaxH son! 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Wart iy WO WOdsITVHD War, xX WVS1O NZq1O9 WOrTT 8 WgTV MODVIMVA WOFTT| SS FOMTOUANEL Ory = WOSNVHTVd Wary = MOLYTOOVR RON 1 MOOVLUVA FLOFTry| ~ avEnsvet Form] 8 MOLVIOOVN Horm S WOT NOOVIEVH ROITT, = HAMONL TvIg0d sassIouvN wo SOLYNMO ‘SOOMaOd SASSIOUVN “MOR GNVEO “ZVL SassIauvN| | Yontvs 40 14019 aunran Yuntys dO X¥O1O SNTuaN “TVW HLOd AVA ‘Aund aurea — nN “NR “HLog “vA “Auad aNTwaN “EVR “AOD AVA “MVS aMTWaN aq “TVPC"XOD VA NUYS TNNIIN SONVaNOSY SNTYaN| NVaNAgY SNTUa! SSSINVID SNTHIN a SSZINVID SNTHAN, TVA 409 AVA ORES aNTUAN| “EVRE GOO VA “NEVS ENRIaN ISGAOg ANMERN INZCAOd SNNIN, Sasom 40 weund annua, & SuSOu 40 Nand SNrIaN GIVA ALNIVG antuay| a} GIVAL ALNIV SNTESN| ‘SNVOaTS annian| < SNVO37a SNNIAN[H VdShiD aNTyaN ASTD: SNITEN mao wownes| a MTTaKod WONRI| Emioon Rawr © TadOOW WANTAD| FAMOgONOT WANTED . 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HOLS Vadare saneaZ WawisvadaT ‘Samowd WoUlsvadaTH| 2 sau MUsLsso MAUISvaddTH mus sme ponerrare gaa Rau MVLIOSSO WOWISVaddTH, MY TIDSSO OM Svadart VINOTITNVIIL Madisvadany| WmOsuOrD WnMisvadare| WuOID HowIsvsdatH MVILL WOMIsvaddTH @SIANVS YNNOCSNANE] SSuaCuS Vi OTSNOEA| VaTV ‘GNVS VNNOGSNOUG| VETY “ANVS yuodsuauK Sw inaator Vsiasuaee Samael Mousuaat YNMOGVTTEH SITLASVAY; rr. ® g w Oo w g 3 8 ”)o0 00000 oo 0 w Q o ¢ u So & 3 ® 9 ©/9 09 99090000 0 2 2 a8 ¢ o/3 $s F288 FBR eS aa o o <6 O15 Ook OHO TOA SH ‘SALOMOT NT WOLLYZUDLYTIO FITIGNOO 40 FFL “SZLOMIM © All GEZMILYTIO EOAVIS TYLOL £0 LUD BEE ‘SALON A NOLLYZLLYIZO ZITIEHOO 40 SALE “SRLAMIM 09 WI CEZIMILYTRO HOUVIS TVLOL 40 LWZ) HEA ‘ : Cuart A oe eran Reactions. 186 FONVUKOT-omsnan: |OTEPLAD| WOouniogs WATaTaRA| re Sasa Soe pee ree Tiwod VINGLOR WEVvTOXEA WWOLTR Nauta! 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LZ Ati HN 8 PAN tw oN LY Pst aie ee ie ae PHA s pea 1 oe naa x LY ball! 6 Ni \ \ Cg il \ thy ue: 7 ] 190 Cuart B 5.—Temperature ( ) and Pyrogallic-acid (———) Reactions. i YLLIS BELLADORN, JOSEPHINA TITAN REL EYLANICUM LONGIFOLIUM: INERINE CRISPA BOWDEN f@ SARN. VAR. COR MAJ. AZ. GRAND MO! rou om 10M IUM PARDALINUM IRIS ERICA mrs TROJANA IBBGOMIA SENG. CRIM. SCAR. so* = 20 62.5° z 25 6 | 65° & 30 a 67.5" : 35 \ ] E 60° 3 40 é ar S 45 a 6s° F- 650 P| = Pa | 2 o 367.5" 65 g 7o° E 100 9 ohh Lo 72.6° M4 \ 76° §& 60 | L— ma | | ++} | IN YA _— VA L— 77.6" TO [| PAT Se eee LT ft a eo 3 60 $ 62.6° F 60 q est & 40 \ 97.5" £ 30 ] ~ gor °° 20 1 92.6° 10 Cuart B 6.—Temperature (standard and new ----- calibrations) and Nitric-acid (———) Reactions. 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TS a ie oe 7 eer TSLL0d ASULOd VIKOLTSS| SiLSTOL 80" LLSTELL eo ee ee : | | 4 Q rrwadans “ava vorsuad "EVA YoISead — 3 a -—— See oe 2 = s LiTrIOMED wTviowa> S = veviowt vuv(ous Rm IN a vorama sna yore — +t C+ | ee ee | RoatTvoava mor Raxtivauvd mor el £ ae Ror 5S S nor wanoanwas was c= ween ae ieee aoe +H aw ADT ~ mor t—t_{ | | 3 = 8 mM auYED rv. OR Gnvuo TL Sassi. = aa Saal vn TEVA ue fw WO> wa wevs & || uraaoa — braces va RS 'S aSTa> Sursanl isra> Es 4 Ranoasuo1 — | PR EEE E Bi 4 = ROOUWVUST RROSINVTASZ py l ee S FrEOOR ONT’: = EOOR MoM ae a S Fl Pt — = ~Q som sulA. ——_] : _ = Bs SOR! Lt 4 Rn wuri1as30 MYL NYE — 2 ee ee } | fy VA wireaasof i {|_t = 1 Oar Ea Senos eS woe ee eB ey "= bas oo w1e 00000990 9 —_ we eg #2 8 8 8 8 ” Oo . eee aeees 33 8 B/S 88k SSSR eas aaa diedan oes 0 LEED ud sauo. ZUBLVTES SLT ‘SALAMI AD NOLLYZUNIVISO SLM1AMOO 40 CALL See gus ees » oo Oo »o 6 © wo Oo 3) 88s ssreess 8sSeseuxsgsegegee ‘SMOLIOTTa 40100 GNY IH0r1 40 aru ° 40 193 ) Reactions. Cuart B 11.—Nitric-acid ( ) and Chloral-hydrate ( Tovrea ms Pat Legal ‘ox +] Pt ——>j Pet P| YEVuLOD0S YaICOTE = a= | we AND “ous fmt | Msi10d SULSTLL 60’ s ee ee + +—}—- IN Vaandmad “EVA YoIsesd i= e era “<4 vaviows a NN vorrsal sna] oa i ee ee ee ee —_— [| A Ror mort OMT arm] ae ee ee es ee ee | A GNVEO “Z¥. See ee | |_| tt “fYM 409 BVA “Atavs = i p+ lL uraams ini Bs eSTED SS 9 + a ott |__| moourus SS ee ee —— fn L—+—— | __} + |_| a= |_ BROOM MANES) — 1 | ee i‘ — — x T——_+ ‘a ee | eee | St -+-4 sasowa I I vat + \ _ | tt t+ | ee eee ee Lt bh Va SIT wo OY OD o vwjo 20000 sci EO Soe @ epee ee eee eee “SALOMON MI MOLLYZUULYTAO BisTaH am. “SELOMIN 00 A CAZAILYTEO EOEVIS TV1O1 £0 LUND wad ) Reactions. ) and Chromic-acid ( Cuarr B 12.—WMitric-acid ( VIsvroxaa sarvid| a — r—~ — + —__| ee ce LOOR — | | + — |__— |__+ Lt — | 4 oa ee ol “eYDe TED ‘OMS =a a ie an ee ee pee ee ee pt} SLISTEL SO701C1 oe pt PS} es | vau. “SYA VOISW3d sTal [Tt 5 ee L—| vuviout sn voriaa sme] — }——] eee 7 —— al WOMTIvadvd For ror wort t—_| t+ | — Ss T | 4S Pie eee ‘WON auvEo ZV. Eo | te ‘tv %00 "AVA “aREVS = wgamog sum KK | > | WasTeD gHTean) Lt ea | |_| 9. wariogio01 — lI en tees eee WOOLIVIAgZ —4 ee eee eel Lr | rT THHOOR WLOMT, — r—| | | ae saxo = ae PY ee ee ee Pp a ee ae a | | _ a _ | = a | nt eqoya ~O iN avuL > | See Sn eee vusoqvroa o8 9 b&b 6G Hb Ob OG HO oO oO oO ° ee ake se 23 8 8/8 8s S&sss3sae SULOMIA MT ROWVZNOIVITO ELTIANOO 40 SAIL “SELOMIN 09 AT CXZWLVIZO HOUVIS TYLOL £0 LUD Und 194 ') Reactions. ) and Pyrogallic-acid ( Cuart B 13.—Nitric-acid ( Cuart B 14.—Nitric-acid ( VRIVTOEEA YuNOL TR) =a SoyVAd| ——] —] “tI .—+-—~ ——~f+-— [+t LIOONY — — cavos WME OMe YMNOOSE — TTS E_TWN ae oe | sueres 80 | t+] SS ee ee ee |_—4 a a ae Vaundiod EVA voIsusd of — 2 a] a _—om vavfous Yorema era = |_ Rorir wor mar | _a— +} —— ee ee ee ee — CUTE “TV. —— Lt | +++}! ‘tym X09 [Ava “srave ze as — Iaaaoe vas — Cr ca Eas oe eee r ny —c— ie oe —-+- 4-4 +—{ | a | ee 4+— _|__+—+ a ee ee ee ee | Toon mJ i ae eo COL 1 1} ——_ = {| ot Ee HE OT — +t a 4] [| + tr | _j—4 sxsowa } A ANVYO “ZV. LT {+ “TWH 809 "avA “ates Se — peta vasrio — -—— | p+} WOOWV LEZ as — a —_—— Jf ed | wAOOR ONT) ye pj] pp] , ++! beac — — -—+—_| ——++—} P—t—__] Pt] a r—— , 4 rd + — = — _— sulora MVLiL \ — | tt] j++ Tt] | 4 ee ee ae | SACOR TE TE i oo Oo MW O ry = - 8 & 88 8 $8 8/8 88288 938 ‘SALOMIN MI NOLLVZUNIVTHO SIXTAWOO 40 TALL = “SALONTN 00 10 CETIMILVIZD HOWTIS TVLOL 40 LD wad 195 ) Reactions. ) and Hydrochloric-acid ( Cuart B 15.—Nitric-acid ( YRIVTUTSA sonoamanvuo sorvad — . +--+ . te ee ee ee }—_| -—~}—_] -— t— t—+-—__] -—t+——+}+-__1_| = ee —j aa Lt ee es mee el | ++] EVIS AMID “ONTS VINOOEEl -— pt ps = = Pa Dsti0d vino. J [++] NJ s [+ = 3 SLISRil sn a | |_| {I ee ee —_= Ee as oe ee eae 8 ae ee |___-++ ‘watadudd BVA VoIsuad sro] Veunrund “Eva VoIsuad a pe =< [_] ae owe ee eS ——— oe pes >] St | oa l= |_| | | —— VLOWL a _—— + | LY P— cs soem sha ae =e ae B | S Lae} 2 Wourtvaeva Far S < ror S - ‘2 n A) _ 3 .+~ Se Slee Ss tee = AQ “wom GuVED “ZV. fea om ats eum et — ~ a ee ee ee | al ‘fv 09 “UVA “aTEVS & 8 LH || a uisaaK0o8 aM | ca aSPID A007 1 ul m= oS a. — 8 VS ——— } INOW TAEZ —— ‘3 Pra 4 > Taoon N ae | Ez —t—L_| | | tot! rf oe +] oo an a ee ee ee + a = — me = a |_—4 4 == ca | =] han ios} suiowd < IN. 5 > \ VILLE f / VRNOGVTTER w ov OH Oo o WTO o ° @nljoo0e0n0g0 000 9 eg w eee ees ese 8 Biss sree ean © &8&se238 8/8 88 e aw mo a “ST1OMIM NI MOLLVZLTIVIEO ELTIANOD 40 EAL ‘SALOMIA 09 MI CAZWULVISD HOEVIS TVLOL 40 IND wad “SaLOATH OLLVZUIII MISTINOO 40 SIL “SALONA 00 AD CXZIMLLVIEO HOWVIS TVLOL 40 LED UEd ) Reactions. ) and Potassium-iodide ( Cuart B 17.—Nitric-acid ( 196 vrevrorsa -——_ I SOIVEd| tL -+—_+— 2s wees p—— st t.| ——} 1 | pp ae ee ee ——— Vuooga| — SS eae -—+— —_— aa i ee eee ee — ee OS eee ee + "avos Fue ‘pus w 4+ — = 5 PSE (3 USLOd ~~ S cS ‘a iss } —_—— en ee on pt een el | | __} — ft a Re | 4 | | 7 vatocuna va vorsead sno] P—~] = — tJ — =} ae, Se oat | Lt ~~ |_— o vavfous sna q ~~ = 3 voremal na] Py een el 2 I] ft ft _ = Rorr & 3 morn nw 0 s var = oe Worl] . -— t—j——_} — -—4 a = Ss ‘MOR GNVEO “ZVE a =—— a ie | aoe , +] SS — = — ‘TVA YOO BVA IRIS e i "7 | ew S ee ad | aps uraaMoa Nt aSTED — wre =, |p wy L—| {| ——— Ss x — 3 RROQOUVUSZ ROAM: 2 s§ Ba THOOM FLOATED] 3S ——S i a ‘a eee Se PF t+Y + ——— | ets re — . | r—— J foe) —— st | = S| wi! | at Laon eee a | fp ~Q oo < i=) sanowa Rees fon] NI NJ i rw N : at \ SVL WOE. — ee eel | 2 ee ee pn} ——7 4} T_T ae eee meee eee SS cee | a a or ee eee ee ee es vauoavTrs | » Oo ° 90° ow oO OO Oo 2 ° ° ° $988/8 882 388s & Fe -2 288688 $8 8/888 FSB 388 ZIs1aHOO 40 SRL SSALOMIN 00 MI GEZRILIVIED EDUVIS TVEO £0 LEED Wad “SALOMIN AT NOLWLYZDELYTHO @IF7MMOD 40 TH “SALOMIN 09 M1 GAZINILYTEO HOWVIS TVJOL 40 LED Wd 197 ) Reactions. ) and Potassium-sulphide ( Cuart B 19.—Nitric-acid ( vrevTuxsa — 4 = |} 4 a SaIVEd a r—t_| r+—__| LOOSE) ee ae ee eel | tt “aves “ND ‘ons CH DSLLod SUSTaL so’ 47 ees el | veanddnd Uva vorsaad = + a — vavfoal sna vorsaar sna ta — +— _|+—_}+—J SS een aoe ee ee ee ror mor norm] mar eH HH “MOR GuVuO ZL = = |_—4 Laat r | L—] ‘(YR BOO AVA “anavS & \ prea eee | L—| | + j——| vasre2 | 1 P| 1 t— ——— BROOM ROM bt ee Se ee ee Pr] a — ‘Snxoulod rea — [+ PL Ct! pe] ee Loe |_| sauowa wu — \ SS ee a ee ee SS a ee ee | OAV TIRE [ wo o 0 9 68 oO 0 o W7j/9 9 89 6 Oo FS ° 228888 8 88/8 $3 & 8s es & & “SELQIM MI MOLLVZUDLVTSO SLETAMOO 40 SALE SELOMIN 09 MI CEZUMTIYTAD HOUVIS TVLOL 40 IHD BEd ) Reactions. Cuart B 21.—Nitric-acid ( ) and Sodium-sulphide ( 198 = LA _ sarveid| sarvEd| E HY = Pp P—+——|__| p<] ——~ 4 4+- H+ LT | ct TMOOST| = LOOtE = = bt ee eee ne nee Laat +— | — Le ‘wvos MD ‘ONT "avs “RNID “OMNIS mucosa aca + p—~ > HH -TBLLOd A mSLL0d ~~ ny NJ SILML 80° = — 5S Gasnet am il —— ae ee ee ee ee 3 Le ee ee 3 Se ee eee AVA VOIsMad an — Ymthauna eva vorseug snot — "| ~~ a Re |_-4 a vuvious . Vuviows q \ yonraal sna © Vorrmar sre ae — — ee S |_| ee ee 3 ee ee xO > Morr 2 SS wor 3 ror re var § ‘2 ms] wortr S$ worir = ‘MOR. GVW “ZVL tea = ‘MOM GUYEO “ZVL = Lt [| Le -—~W_| S | —1 + ‘vp doo “ava “ane pal ae —~ fn 7109 AVA ans praanog naanoa — a |_| —+-— | 1 [ft wS VdSTe) SAUaN — 3 vasrea PJ . Ll | 8 SS eel ; yuo aie > Tp HI o) —— 0 Re ee ee ee ROOINVIASZ pa i OSIIVLEE = = RS) | ee > Se ee ee ee ae TROON = | RETDOR Flan a ~~ [—+— — +] tH} a 1__| A ~~ r——_] [++I AN ‘et — I a : N ee 0 ee ee ee fea) >} — a 4 a— e SS a Lent | tt io > a ‘ : | SaNom — a saxo? << N * o) | Be Nvstasso t MVIIL wVUL ——4 = a ee ee eee |__ | = im | | fe : tL ee eee ee eel | | 7 f 7 1+ Nunoayaay i ; = es » Oo 8 On O08 ° “ob OM 9 b O MIO O w}2 00 0 9° we 8888 ee 86/85 Fs FSB Fase ee ee sass 8 bjgs sk ss eggs “SULONIN A NOLLYZLYTAO RLYLUNOD 40 ANIL “SALONTA 00 AT GETLMILY1ZO BOUVLS TVLOL 40 LNW Bad “SELON MT POLLVZINILVIEO ELTIAHOD 40 TAIL “SZLOMIN 09 NT @aIniiyTao HOUVLS TVIOL 40 La) Had 199 ) Reactions. ) and Calcium-nitrate ( Cuart B 23.—Nitric-acid ( | Pt P+ | ptt | i008 = ——a Lr a ee or ee Gaal caves “WaED ‘OME N SLLSTEL Ay b. | 4 ; | nt | Vaeadand “YVA vYorsTad — — RK t+ el p+] —rP— P——~__| PJ sna] vuvfouL q VONESS Sra \ eS —— — ee ee worr rorr wan worn ‘ROW aNvEO ‘z¥L ag Y Ld IN] ‘frm 09 ‘Wva “weve syne se pe > | nmanod N iH vaune> Lt = ce — ———1 ee Pt MmIQOn Reo a a SS 1 = ee eee — = Lt emmoma | Q i wv. ee . ae eee | ft o22 a8 8 8 338/888 22839338 8a 2 “SELON WI MOLLVEDILLVISD ELWwOD 40 TALL “BELONIN 69 Wl CHTNOLVIAO HIGVIS TVIOL £0 LEX) EE ) Reactions. ) and Uranium-nitrate ( Cuart B 24.—WNitric-acid ( Vievrarta oe t——}—__} UBLLOA V GUATEL 6210! ae ee ee a pf r | — —_ , SS Ee ee oe ae Vand BVA VOISEEA GMa = ++] ee eo — — +__| — vuviout y Vora stea = — rr SS ae ee eee ee wor Rot morte — SS ee ee 0 fee bee oe ee ‘NOW auveo “Z12 7 Ly L— TVA "300 "EVA ‘METS a wa L—| ea a 1s VasDeD EATHALY 4 a lL} |_-+ foe ee ee ee 1] -—— — r— SSS FUQOUIVLLEZ — ae ee ae ee ee ee |_| ft] is EREDOat cas or lL eo! + ——t—_] 1 > a en Laon) sora oN i avo —— — | nenemt ba ee ees aaa | Lt 7] eee ee a jm YaxoaviTra eee aeass e9 8 8is3sses8 ees “SSLOMIN MI MOLLVIDILIVIND HLEIAMOO £0 ZAL “WELLOMIN 09 KI CEZINICVIED FOUVIS TVLOL £0 LEED WHE ) Reactions. ) and Strontium-nitrate ( Cuart B 25.—Nitric-acid ( 200 ‘voavrexza al 0 ae oes coe ee aaa | p——~—_] at ee Se ee ee soe oe | = = 4 = | vmpona ——}—t —T Dn eee Wr8 WED ‘OMTS VINCOTE “ays (KMD ‘OR — a! P| p—+—1_] P| 2 tee eee ee pee ij __| P—+—] TsaL10g NaS 3 ies ~ SLLSTEL 80° — SS ee 2 1 eee sea ——— plod SS ee eee ee Vaaodtnd ava VoIseEd © wutadana ava vorseva era] t+] 8 -——I TY Za —. > P| Pp pe 8 we | N vuvfour ay voneral ena — = © ee en eee ee ee Ee | ~ —— a ee ee 3 non y ~ “2 = vor ~~ Lane 3 se S be nl ee eee oe 3 TT =| FMC H]{Y+|_UZ*S'! = ae —_ 8 Cp |e nee ‘MOM auva zvL — Le > La Lt PJ i Tym Woo wa neve [1 L—| ge N Re Draaaog L 73 a — 8 ESTED | a | | 3 1 | p+ a——— a Tt = — "S 2 ee eee ee = a OOWVILEZ Wu ee eer Gee el ee eee ee |__— | |_| a= — oO TROON rr + AN ++] . —+~ | ——;-—] lT—~J — t—| | | — — somomnd — — ae wee ee oe a -Q H+ a ‘ Lt A | + samowd — TS av. 2 eee ae ee ee Se ee ween ee = ee eee jj eee ee |__— | i | oo b 6 o wo 9 9. 8s 2°93 2.8 3° 8: 3.8 2 mnogyTe 0 © ® 0 © Oo wo ©1292 9 9 Oo oO oO 228288 2 88/3 sees 8 ou = ee e458 898 8/8 8 3&3 Be ‘SELAMIME MJ MOSIVIDEIVIED SLTTAROD #0 EARL “HLLAMIME 09 KT GEZINLIVIED EXRVIG TVIOL £0 LEED eBe “SELONIM MT NOLLVZIMILVTED BLTISIOO #0 TRIS SRLOMIN © MI GHZIMILVISD HOUVIA TVLOL 40 139 wad 201 ) Reactions. ) and Copper-nitrate ( Cuart B 27.—Nitric-acid ( WaVTUEsA tt - veel a oo r— ‘ee ft t——J — [t+ — i eee i — VINOD! — eS a ; | | ty} ae ae SS ee ee ema camel i ee eet ee pf} vavos “FN? WATS VHIOOSG| AaVOR "RIED ‘OwIa yOLOOTE ———} a maitod Sy SUNEREL s9T01C1 _| | ft 3 aa vaendund “eva vorad sn} — 4 < =n 0 SS ae Eee S = Tf em] Pe} + jak sna} 1] IN N vuvioas 4] \ YORE _ a a ———— 3 eS = ee 5 ee — £ want =) = > arm o 1g nor Q S —— wor a ne es oe ‘pone ——t ——}-——1 __ | ee nS SHH HM S a a ee eS es ees ee > a. eR ee = | 4 i all 4 (Vm 300 AVA ‘HEVe L— Ly | | peraaoa 4 / 2 a | 4 S = amt a |] |] 3 1 L_—-] |_| i || = } |_| r++ °S ee | tp ‘2 me i ee se ES a ee ee ee ee tI FEnoUev Laz ——— = |} tt —— a ee ae an Se ee eel ee a l Se ee ee eel | | —— A mon, a p— -— —r—~ t—| [ora} — IN ptt _— a -—>—~__| NJ +] [a — oe ee ee ee a I ] | —G Lamy a Li lng iaahet ss MSLLod ‘ meLtod =E> 1 Biter a 1 eee ee IN guismez on i quister catorg TP-4-74 i eS ee -r7- ee eee ee _ 4 iY ub edece {} |_ +4 J i te ee ee a wudoddod AVA VoIsesd sma} — 3 AVA YoIsutd stul| = peg — P— | ay 2 ie a —p—t 3 faa d era vavfout Ss vuvfoar sta voremal sre = —— = vornaar grat —— |_| Le pas Jane) | Ss at lal | ft > | eee Pet WOsrivasvé WOOT ial Rorm| 1 as) q worr s ror} Ba 3 i ee >A —_ y = = worr Ph] -—] i} P| + = =a tL NOOVLNWAL FLOFTTy] — “pate a rt | VY 4. oH ih Ca ZY: —— "3 "NOM GHVao “ZVL t—| | & ~Te ae +—_| Oo - LT Pt] 83 Tt }—] “(VU YOO AVA ‘EYS 1 ‘fv WOO AVA ‘Wave < \ 3 ~. Ly x ~ Iran 3 UcsaAno8 Pe | & Ay LA VasIu) SNTERH + = raSTE) EECCA a ame = == 2 im x =e =F t+ +S % ae ee ee —— 1 = : p+ ] ~f=4=se =e WROOWNVIARZ — owvuE ts |_| tt -d=s== =e ee al | 1+ a a an TRAOOM FONT r REOOM MONTE: —— _~ mM 3 ee S b+ ~[ >| — 3 ——} SS ae pj pled iS See eee = ee Rn ee eee 4 | +++ UP ata fRs==! i os = — — 3 — 7S Lt | <— on es 2 a ee ee = |} 4 be] sanogra onl NX | l aes A > a 7 oO ~ T S SI { ~| avuL wVuLL ae = |_—4 |_—J al ee | & a re > |e 2 LAT < — rt & Wy/ WoloavTTae ‘MuOaVTTad 6 rr) 0 Oo 9209080900 9 eo 9b Ow o 990900909 ° 3 a 2 aas88 328 8/8 88k ssy3s ae e222 2888 3 88/8 ss 288 esa & “SELOMIM MI MOILYZDLYTAO EITLEMOD 40 EMIE “BRLOMIME 0 MI CEZDULYTED HOUVIS TVLOL 60 LED Wad “SELASING 1 MOLLYZUMLLVTHO SLTIGROO 40 WALL «= “SALOU 09 NI CEZIMLLVTXO BOAVIS TVIOL 40 LOD usd 204 ) Reactions. ) and Sodium-hydrozide (- CuHart B 33.—Potassium-hydroxide ( YrevTUxZA sar Sarva. Id = ptt | t+] | en — ee ee | {__4 “avo3 ‘ATED “Outs WINOORG| = a ne ee ee eee ee pT +—J WsLL0d SLISTEL Si ee ee ee ee ee ee Waundind AVA YoIsEsd = sr — —— Tt] _ t—{ | CF [t+ | fave vuvfour ->—L_ _— Voremar sq] = = a . a an aa ee ee Oe ror Fort Ror wor = ‘ae pt} “ROM aMvao ‘ZY: |} Se Oe eee ae ee [~~ ‘fv WOO “EVA “IRIS boaAod west — jf nN Patt td NOOINVIAEZ TrI0on ae eee Re pe ee | — — | P—— 1 en eee eee ee Pat t+ ~— = —— | eaora PLL — = ay — a een es ee ee +] ae wi VRNOGVTIER pal oo 9 oo.8 sje esesessee ) Reactions. ) and Sodium-sulphide ( Cuart B 34.—Potassium-sulphide ( Lt -—] +— savmd| — TJ — = en wees eee ee eee micozg| — ee ee amen | +--+ J ‘wos "We ‘outs vI0034) ——t—_} || iin een SD BRD spe pee a ee | thee eee Us1L0d join | suustas sa | ft 4 ee | |_| + Weeodeod WVA YOIsad — ee pt | | t| | eel eae vuviouL q vormma! sri] — — Ranr yorr mar morn: in eee eee ee ON GuvEO “ZV 3 = [| - | | [+ | ‘TV OO YA ants ] memace | |} eee \ vaste a — p+] | fT | pot tq \—+ tm ag + Pt OOM ROUTE: = j++ | = a r | | —— i | ErIOOR, —— 7] ten. oe | SS i smuicwa S wus eee | Lr | —— + eat \ = SS ee | VAROQVITED SIT 299099000 88s Ff 388288 2 Ln: 09 NC C3ZINILVIZD HIAVIS TVLOL 40 INT) HId 205 ) Reactions. ) and Potassium-sulphocyanate ( Cuart B 35.—Potassium-todide ( Vrevyorsa snivag| -—} J — a. _— a ee Se ee ee aoe | “SYDs “AND “ONIS ——t— oY — SLlod | SUSTIS 60° > ae | { | +] { Vraodtad “AVA vorsuad = ay oot HF Sta | i. ieee | t+ | | LT Lj Ll vuvioar sna} Yorsmal sra —_——, ea | |} a= wor ror nou ——_] ete mee ===, “KOM Gutvao ZY: lp | ie i oe ‘TVR WOO “BVA “MEVS aMTEGH |_| Ll | Lt | namo aur 53 Yasr aun a | ——+ ee | | 4 eS eee WAOLWIVILE2 TEOOR AUT = ‘ene ee " hon} | —_ =| —— — |_— = en | Le = |_ _4+-— L—| ean07d NY NI N NK ies ee coe eee es ee = = ‘WUIOCVTIER o wl1o °o oo O° °° 8 ese gsess ee 8 sj3ssl 8B Fs & 2 SSRLQAIN FO NOLTYZDUIVIED WiATaMOO £0 SPL «= BELOMIME 09 AD GHZDMIYTAO EDUVIS TVLOL 40 LEED Bad ) Reactions. ) and Sodium-salicylate ( Cuart B 36.—Sodium-hydroxide ( VrevTTOXsA sor ‘SDIVBd) —a —a oe ae - [ee ,———_] vniooaa — Se ee ae “av08 FIED ‘ots —+-— pt] -——_+_}_| msLiod SLISTSL £0" —— jt | Wauadand EVA VoIsuaa STH — rm | 4 a vuviOuL &0 WOR STA Lt |_—- morn ror — = = ++ 2 Ie eae cee eee “MOM GMVEO “ZY. L—1 ;—~ |] P+] (VM 400 “EVA “MaVS _ mesaK0g || vasre — Mm ff Se ee ee | os Ss ee ee > ee ee MOOINVILAZ | 4+] ft }|__-4 ee ee TOO = P+ pL a ORL ) +] Pat canowa By > ON av ts 1 ph | T_T tr ‘VEROGVTIAG ow 9 8 Oo wb o wl1oo 0 ° oe? eases e 8 8/8 8 Fk FS EERE “SELOMIN MI NOLLYZWDIVIED ZISTENOO 40 HALL sa 00 SI CUZINIIVIEO HOBVIS TVLOL £0 LD wRe ) Reactions. ) and Strontium-nitrate ( Cuart B 37.—Calcium-nitrate ( 206 vrevTnoxss | —r sar —— I] -——} | ee ee P| = + | ptf : a ee +} = = vinooas — — | __} —} | +] Lf ‘vos FOS ‘ONIS VINOOSG| ‘avos HIRD “OMS Vu — ae + 20 eee ee ee ee ee =e re = msLLod N Kg N 5 N N IN "3 = " 3 SUIS £01 1-4 |} a 3 eee 1] ee ee ae ee S ee eee ee | YEUNAAd AVA VOISNAd SRO p—~ | ~>;~] i] bs -—~+— f~ ee ee p—t+—_| Mm] . —++—~| | oN b— —P™~ | g avfOr “NN ~ NI a 3 vorega! sha ——— S | en ~ ~— 3S Ror oO Ss o RoI 2 ie IN GNYHO ZV. | +] IN “4 | |_— | +] MS, A “(WE WOO AVA avs = V aly va Mm vA 4 ~sS WwEaAor | NX 3S ~ L+— N\ S IN — 3 vaenta > aa i~ ae a Lt 0 Lao | S _—f |_| = a NM ee OO ee ee RS = ——— S WaOoINvTAaz = een ee ee | a jt SS ee | S ot = a ht jm | = l room WONT | 2 ee ee m—~ rr i . ~ ha ~ a m = | < saNOw: os oe NVILL a ae ae an _| + — Lo 1 — a a | | Ls MMOOVTIA' cas tl Y SIT o ° oo 9° ° o ob Of» oO wD » Oo HI} O ee eases ee 8 8/8 FS SkESBEEsRE fe ee 8822 8 8/8 ssl FS Fs & “BHLONIVE MI NOLLVZIMIIVIEO BL1ANOD dO EACL “SELOMIN 09 A CEZUMIVIRD HOEVIS TVLOL £0 LD usd BALONIA MI NOLLVZLELVISO ELSIGKOD 40 ERIL SALONA 09 MD CETIMILVIO HOWVLO TYLOL 40 LTD Was 207 ) Reactions. ) and Cupric-chloride ( Cuart B 39.—Copper-nitrate ( ‘ - Bjg SSX ssesa a & eePeP ee es 838 Biss Fk Ssssag a “ MLLVIEO LITUANO; 1. 8 snus H+ 3S | ty Veansind EVA VoIsead ora] | = a ee ee | PN a ee | | a ee, varvfor ra} << aN 3 voram@ sna] Be a a 3 woirtvaurd mor o oe rorrr S 3 worodiowEs 5 my X a = oe = Rarn j——}- — —— - . | fst Pop 0 eee ee S ton cameo zv. \ =~ 4 ‘NVM MOD BVA “Tavs reas / ~ i g sS eS: = ‘ — Cee? | ve Bea we I = — > S Po f———4 s moos I Ls 3 |_ | 4-4 [7 ae = | 14 _ 8 waeoon | N | LT | Na ic Pe [TPN > t—~ ~~ . Wi a saor i--] z \ wvUL La [| + La |_ 4-4 4 N MOCVTIZE r3 WLLVISO HORVSS JVLOL JO INK Usa SELOMIN MI MOLLYZIMLLVIED > 60 TAIL “BELO 09 A GSZIMIVISO HOBVIS TWLOL 40 LNA Ed 208 Cuart B 41.—Points of Inversion and Recrossing of the Curves. i ¢ a a : TITAN DZONES 1S PERSICA VAR. PURPUREA GLADIOLUS TRISTIS POTTSI. IEGONLA SING. CRIM. SCAR. INERINE CRISPA AZ. con LUM TERUIFOLIM 13 THOJANA REGONLA BONAMAWN= ule 1 e 3 2 3 6 6 e W 7 2 2 16 9 3 1 1 16 4 3 6 12 3 10 16 T Cuart B 42.—Average Reaction-Intensities ( ) and Temperatures of Gelatinization ( ). i Pie grad : : E Boy Boe | i § S ata ii fbi? iq aoe : ee Pe hry et | ae de . Fi ae [e | \ er 8s [ \ | Ke HA AA IN ae I] \ Ih alos eS \\_f I{\ ae ee /K\ [lf \\ ai ee eee CA | i / an “ee ae ieee bh | \\ /I\ (44 so est LA (Rik L] \ I AA Pi ee ee Tei Fi \ ie — \ HN A | A [| /W\t Ae Ak (PAR ee aes a ee ae a an ie Pt IAM i 4 \ TA\ SS ae ae aed \ Vice ee ee Zi BEE! A VAT ~ é | | \/ \ 77 4 \ I l 8 \ es \ ov a 209 Carr C 1.—Height, Sum, and Average of Reaction-Intensities of Starches of Hybrid-Stocks and Parent-Stocks. ! VERY Low lw MopERATS won {ver mon 8k 8 § BSassaad 8s & 8 & oo; e 9 lol ist 19 BELLADONR, SRUNSvIGIA oRRraaT BRUNSDORNA 6 AND. ALBA SDONNA SANDERG HISPEASTRUM eo /HIPPEASTRUM TITAN-CLEONIA HIPPEASTRUM OSSULTAN |HIPPEASTRUM OSSULT.-PYRH. HIPPEASTRUM DAZONES /HIPPEASTRUM ZEPHYR HIPPEASTRUM D#ON.-ZEPH. HAMANTHUS KATHERING JH@MANTHUS MAGNIFICUS LEMANTHUS ANDROMEDA HUEMANTHUS KATHERIN UE MANTEUS PUNICEUS KONIG ALBERT RINUM Mt chins Eevianicma i HYBRIDUM J. Cm CRINUM ZEYLANICU! CRINUM TOncwroLToM CRINUM KIRCAPE CRINUM LONGIFOLIUM ICRINUM MOORE CRINUM POWELLIE NERINE BOWDENT —|WERINE SARN. VAR. COR MAJ. NERINE GIANTESS NERINB NERINE SARN. VAR. COR. MAJ. NERINE CURV. VAR FOTH. MAJ. NERINE GLORY OF SARNIA NARCISSUS TAZ, GRAND MOR. NARCISSUS POETICUS ORRATUS NARCISSUS POBTAZ TRIUMPH IRIS CENGIALTI ears PALLIDA A QUEER OP MAY TRIS PERSICA ne PURPUREA a pas SINDJARENSIS: TRIS PURSIND GLADIOLUS LADIOLUS TRISTIS. LADIOLUS COLVILLED ITRITONIA POTTS STON cece cocoeem AD nome JBEGONIA SING. cae SCAR. IBEGONIA SOCOTRAN, BEGORIA MPS. om, MUSA ARNOLDIANA MILTONIA BLEUARA + cyaerorom LOWIARUM — UM EBURNEO-LOWUHUM #ERIOD OF MRACTION IN MINUTEA P PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, ate 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 és 10_15 20 25 30.35 40.45 60 6560 | Te rrr were. 4 Ca afeee 7 80 ae o =tr-4-4 60) A see f ao e210 a = f | é Pi a-t-7 fa COP LEE er “Oe Cree Hi |e a7 ip ne 7 ai H 60] 7 14 q 60 fe 4 @ L - Es W- 4 5 60 if Z 6 6 FAS Was a y FI ; 3 4 if p t v4 5 vl § f ic 8 vi] pe 5 y 5 / ri aed ft a 30) E at Vie BAL BTA :. é 207 20-7 10) Ee an Fie : re 107-7 — Se IES 6 bees a tot tb at PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘dor Jo_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 60 a 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60° ‘én 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 fr * 7 7 soli 90 . 80) é 80 f cy é 80) ft ‘t FI 70 70 d “al 80 60 B 60] 4 i E | 6 j con B 69) A 3 60] i ae : 40 B 40 5 30 5 a0 B 20 B ad B a Ea ft, f, £ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION: IN MDYOTES. a6 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 166 10 15 20 25 30 35 _40_ 45 50 65 60 100 B10 15 20 25 30-35 40_45_ 80 55 60 80) 980 ‘ FH 80 a re 80 80 80 + a 70 A 70 H vot a i sot! 8 Lam 4 Ha i aE LC = as 5 E 60 z B 5 Ea al a , sol—if 5 a 0 Both} +A Ba 3 5 sol! XK 8 sold 30) = 7] 30rr B a0 E alt 4/ B add f Bef f a _|_-L4— ry al PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 on 10 15 20 25 30 35 40. 45 60 65 60 s 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 ==F=5_ Coes T TT OTDUTCTCO? 100) a 14 aT 5a q a: ee eal a SS oo é 80 if = f ne 7 | > aa os 7 i re Ae Pa BH 7ol- FI 70 jt d a x, 5 3 . a |_ id ye 10 H / 11} j jl 12 B 60 5 5 f- soft! : Bac +4 4 i g “ 4 = 3 5 aoe” LA 3 soll Lh 5 2 E 20f-f LA i aa van rot a 1 L > — A 10} > a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES b PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINWTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. a 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 00 J0_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 : 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 se ca a L--t--7 "1 100 5 90) A 60 = 90) eat ae = ¥ =a f ry 4 / é 60) H -T"7 eal é 80 L tn a saa ee Bi - = = yi = | 70 Pa J : ° Z : H i at as 3 ; 4 Aa --T. go 13 ars tal +7 4 ery ile 5 60 © sot t+ 5 60 A 2 | | LT q ii Fy 40 2 r 7 5 + van = Ih L LT | 5 ald 5 ao B lil s y iE bo 20) 20H 2 £ i Wi 7 WA f y = 10 7” 1 a ; pa a Cuarts D 1 To D 15.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Amaryllis belladonna (----- ), Brunsvigia josephine (-..-.--), Brunsdonna sandere alba (. ), and Brunsdonna sandere (. )e 1. With Choral Hydrate. 6. With Hydrochloric Acid. 11. With Sodium Hydroxide. 2. With Chromic Acid. 7. With Potassium Hydroxide. 12. With Sodium Sulphide. 3. With Pyrogallic Acid. 8. With Potassium Iodide. 13. With Sodium Salicylate. 4. With Nitric Acid. 9. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 14, With Calcium Nitrate. 5. With Sulphuric Acid. 10. With Potassium Sulphide. 15, With Uranium Nitrate. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PRRIOD OF REACTION (8 MINUTES. 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 46 60 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 100 — ee a al Ae ee ol Veet 7 Pe ae a -4 a 80 bo4== qr nh po 70) d 7 t a Le i 60) 4 6 “a i 16, kr) 17 ‘a 5 60) 5 6 7 a ve fatH : 5 sob 5 20) } 2 ts iy = . ba OPA as ee ee eee PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 100) eodeod 100; p0) OS cokes hac 80) B = 4.-t- f. 7 a 70 a LA d <0 o a" § eo f B e0 os 7 9 20 6 so tt i B 5 2 Wt? : Bot 8 aot 2 Jt aT B aol 5 ourry . 2 foi 4 f 4_---4 tole = T o a a ae boas YER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. 2 es) 211 PERIOD OF REACTION CY MEDNOTES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40_48 60 65 69 100) py ee al 4 Fol feet ° J | 4 cot 4 18 & 50 3 B ao 8 <8) i Eo ahuark TSI eo Lae pea 10 ae oe E 21 a & y iY é \ v bY - a L-~| is NJ v \ LY » bE ee] Cuarts D 16 To D 21.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Amaryllis belladonna ( ----- ), Brunsvigia josephine (-.-»-), Brunsdonna sandere alba ( 16. With Strontium Nitrate. 17. With Cobalt Nitrate. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 18. With Copper Nitrate. 19. With Cupric Chloride. ), and Brunsdonna sandere ( ). 20. With Barium Chloride. 21, With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION OV MINUTES. ‘80 40_ 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 §5 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 -4--7 100) a a saa 7 ! La a al -po er TA L--—T |: peenar RREEEr zee J 70 4 70 if 5 70 24" | o H a B eo H A = és i |] a 22 se i 23 4 7] lea 3 oa ; 60) H 3 > aut Z i q A “ay “ 8 {7 ee es eee 5 tH / e i 3 3 q 3° 4; ; ea aE oe 7 CT i= i 2 7 - 7 at | ge |i a1 W M A fe 1Q) 1 a Z PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MONUTRG PERIOD OF REACTION Dl MINUTSS. 10_16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 80 115 20 25 30 25 90 45 50 55 ev 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 59 55 8 100) 100, oa a Cd 100. tf Too zz a | 80) 60 abe] 80 YZ, ae 80] 80} 77 ° —|—— “T a f Lab d 70 ec A 70 i i 70 LA ©; at = fs ia 4 5 e = 4 B 6 4 8 60 a : 2 : 25 cb 4 |_ + el F : 26) FA i / 27 ad sort od 50} a Bei co Coo er Lane" mall: 7 io 8 Ze 8 {] S Pa iY * i E soe i § awe 2 : oe ea - : g yee 10} Cuarts D 22 to D 27.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hippeastrum titan ( ----- ), H. cleonia (-..-..-), and 22, With Chloral Hydrate 23, With Chromic Acid, H. titan-cleonia ( 24, With Pyrogallic Acid. 25. With Nitric Acid. J 26. With Sulphuric Acid. 27, With Hydrochlorio Acid, 212 PERTOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES. PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES. me 10_15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 65 60 oa 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 ss 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 68 60 70 28 -— | 70 70) 5 ed _——— A ae ° d 60) = np ry 8 60 : 4 on wab--4--4-74 4 y 29 z a 30 am ne = jeer . is EER 3 ae 5 E Zi A 3 a AS B aot oY § i AK 2 7 2 a] f . al a 1 . R 10) _ Ll = =-4 1 ee a 4 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. _PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘ 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 _89 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 10_15 20 26 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100) 100; a q 70 g 70) q 70 eo FB eo B 6 60 8 q 4 6 Bt 2 5 : 60 Sk : : : se 5 3 F 30) ; j a, | E, al = ch _. ne ee ties ror ee es PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10 15 20 25 a0 35 40 45 50 65 60 ay 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 80 1007212152025. 30_35_40_45 60 _65 100) 80 Z, . 90 90 pasa: ! (: 80) am wy, 8 q 70 AY i 70 g 70 - °o B89 AY Es ao 36 a. {PV | {34 2 35 _ 6 t 60 : 5 f 8 8 377, F a0 F 30 ‘ tA f, f, = TR IC AP ED PERIOD OF REACTION IF PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD .O9 REACTION IN MINUTES. oe 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 oop -B--10-15-_20_25 90 35_40 45 50 $5 80 B10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45-60 66 100) i 60) 90) 60 7 q 70 q 70 ‘a0 8 6 eo} 5 37 g¢ 38 i : 39 2 a p B 2 F a 3 ad 3 EY Lt ae ae ae E i, Lares —s eisacecimiackenical ne | PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES is 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 too —S—10- 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 ne 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 60 90) 90) g0 80) i 80 é é i a 70) d 1 60 8 60 B 6 5 6 i <. 40 5 : 41 z ad 42 | i 40 Ba 5 8 5 a9 Ba E, E 7 rap 28, dead enters Cuarts D 28 To D 42.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hippeastrum titan (----- ), H. cleonia (-..----), and H. titan-cleonia ( ). 28, With Potassium Hydroxide. 33. With Sodium Sulphide. 38. With Cobalt Nitrate. 29, With Potassium Iodide. 34. With Sodium Salicylate. 39. With Copper Nitrate. 30. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 35. With Calcium Nitrate. 40. With Cupric Chloride. 31. With Potassium Sulphide. 36. With Uranium Nitrate. 41, With Barium Chloride. 32. With Sodium Hydroxide. 37. With Strontium Nitrate. 42, With Mercuric Chloride. 213 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION OV MINUTES. PESIODAOE REACTION: I MUnUTES, 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 56 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100) 100 ; al we | woes ee 90 80 i BA et = =| 80 os H 80 = 31" q 70 70) A q 70 fl g a 8 a i g fi 6 7 a ji 45 4 5 = Z 60 Ws if |44 E 60) é = i / 1 i Bo i 40] ff i Th — i 8 y “| 5 ad [ ie 5 T i ‘pa Ly ie gf LY A 4 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, YO 15 20 25 30 35 40 45°60 65 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 rT] 100 aad 100) i 90 7 g 89) = d fal J 4 i 80) L—— | ee Sas : fol 4 F J i al i 70 70 70) a ae d AEA, EO . ANA 6 7 7 : ‘ 46¢ [_ ee ee 47 i. pot # ad mal al a lt 2 ZF |48 Ler iad PH : Ao = aot 5 aot | Ye 5 saat | le B dif E aol + 2 yd b> 20F; i fg = BoE g 1 mu se rT) 10, — PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 ‘a 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 58 60 ies 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 88 60 100, aa as OO ( . 5 _60 J 70 Ad 0 J 7 5 60 at 4--t77T 8 6 H 60 + “3 a. eal a 50 :° TF 40] iB 40 40 B sg L 35 5 39 BV ; wa el pe AP a LW a Lat TT +4 ¢ 4 ; 1 1 1 ete a ' 4a L PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. pEniop OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ics 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 af sé 015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 jaa 100, 7 90! 90 90! d 70 a 7 J 70) Ao § ry 6 52 FI 54 6 B 6 50) ao 40] 40] : : : ; 3 © 30) 2 3 20 B 20 Ba EA E g, nanandan » eed ; = PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ak 10_15_ 20 25_30_98 40_45 50 _65 60 cae 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 690 are #0) 80) aS a . 90) . 90 Ce rE Fe U 10 + 4 7 dy 60 Z 5 60 8 60) Fi 55 4 é 60 a é ea 56 é : 57 B 40-47 B 4 8 40 5 aol / By 8 7] #0 5 Hi ji k 4) 1 a é E ol R, E, es = Sr irra =a] SS a ss Sd Cuarts D 43 to D 57.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hippeastrum ossultan ( ----- ) db DYING (onan), and H. ossultan-pyrrha (. ). 43. With Chloral Hydrate. 48. With Hydrochloric Acid. 53. With Sodium Hydroxide. 44. With Chromic Acid. 49. With Potassium Hydroxide. 54. With Sodium Sulphide. 45. With Pyrogallic Acid. 50. With Potassium Iodide. 55. With Sodium Salicylate. 46. With Nitric Acid. _ 51. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 56. With Calcium Nitrate. 47. With Sulphuric Acid. 52. With Potassium Sulphide. 57. With Uranium Nitrate. 214 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION ON MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION I) MINUTES 10 15 20 25 30 38 40 45 60 65 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 85 8 8 E D > D > “4 “J a 7 F 70 a 70 8 60 Be i 6 3 50) sic 5 60 oa 60 a 3 q 2 B 40 5 40 2 8 30) - 8 3 8 Bs B an B i, = wake f a MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION D¥ MUNUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION OF MINUTES. ia ib. oh dk Ss 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 100) 100; eo 80 80 - é 80) é 80 80 an a te ge 61 ee 62 z " 63 : 60 © 60 4 3. s B« 3 a9 5 3 za Fi i i i. bs g if i M i a =e Cuarts D 58 to D 63.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hippeastrum ossultan ( ----- ), H. pyrrha (-..-+-), and H. ossultan-pyrrha ( ). 58. With Strontium Nitrate. 60. With Copper Nitrate. 62. With Barium Chloride. 59. With Cobalt Nitrate. 61. With Cupric Chloride. 63. With Merourio Chloride. PBRIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION Dt MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION DN MINUTES 10_18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 100, 100; ‘a 7 aa Sar | eb LL 100 a4 —— ee 90 . 90 Ct os 6a = as Zi (: Raneze coe 8 wos oa 70 wal r 77} FI a7 Tt? a 70 Ti B 60 B 6 $ 5 60 a FI 64 EH A |i 65 3 fy 66 © 60) = aob== & 5 G5 .; d at 2 at Ld f 2 d Ba 4 tess} bot HA 5 «ol —+-H Bg et 3 sob 5 spt hh 5 os ea E i 5 ht 2 a o 2 7H 20 Oe E eer aly, 2 A aT iT 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 80 55 60 100; 100) _—, = 100) 90 I 90 =a Z é 8 al Et] é q 80 a eee) es ae 4 Lem i CaLy aa d 70 wee F J 70 a 2 ‘Y = S oO 4 t- ge r = H ba & 6 Z aT 6 baa E 5 Lf. koe 2 fa rs a 2 2 ii B 40 rans 2 B O— 5 od ft. 3 Bs ‘ E. (i 5 B at Li FI f\ \4 a f a oj} A Cuarts D 64 To D 69.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hippeastrum deones ( ----- ), H. zephyr (-.----), and H. deones-zephyr (. ). 64. With Chloral Hydrate. 66. With Pyrogallic Acid. 68. With Sulphuric Acid. 65. With Chromic Acid. 67. With Nitric Acid. 69. With Hydrochloric Acid. 215 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTZA PERIOD OF REACTION IN MUINUTZS. 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 80 65 60 S10 15 20 25 30 _ 35 _ 40 45 60 55 60 § 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 2 8 3 90) 72 = aebeo* --T-4 ° -aeae ond --4= oe x c * ay 2 71 fi 70 bat e \ ih 8 nN PER CERT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATIMZED. : ¢ PER CENT OF TOTAL GTARCH GELATINIZHD. > PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. J v N. i AN \ ¥ ib 3 SS PERIOD OF REACTION OV MUOVUTES. PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MDVOTES. 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 65 60 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 3 3 8 ~ > 73 75 & PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATONZED. J > PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATUOUZED. » PER CENT‘OP TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. J Tt v \ T y , Pies ee ia ° PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 565 60 JO_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 sew 100; ed oa 80 80 ae" | i tk an 8 a [Da 3 . VY 60 = 60 = : 78 o x iy c= ix PER CEST OF TOTAL STARCH GELATOIED. ] m™ »_ PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH OBLATINIZED. J | PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 iba! 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100) pte 2925 50 sp 50 “5 50 55 60 q 70.89 50.6 | 90 90) 90 70 70 ‘ fT 4 | H : i z. 79 i. 80) a. 8 a Q 5 5 40 . 3 8 8 3 ] ===] 5 E 2 = 2 E, ee OE, E, att it z S \ wmf =f mpm — en pase PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTZS. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES on 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 68 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 $5 60 106) 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 TOO) 90 90 i _ [ a i . & 70) 70 70 a i i i ; ae 82 qj 6 5 & so 83 é . 84. q 3 p bid 5 4 40) = ~ 5 a ; . ; 2 2 2 an i. eS shorriers. aye Cuarts D 70 To D 84.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hippeastrum deones (----- ), He aphy? (ou as), and E deones-zephyr ( ). 70. With Potassium Hydroxide. 5. With Sodium Sulphide. 80. With Cobalt Ni 71. With Potassium Iodide. ae With Sodium Sulloylate- 81. With Conger: ete 72. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 77. With Calcium Nitrate. 82. With Cupric Chloride. 73. With Potassium Sulphide. 78. With Uranium Nitrate. 83. With Barium Chloride. 74, With Sodium Hydroxide. 79. With Strontium Nitrate. 84. With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTER PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION om mmmuTEd 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 6 ; 10_15_ 20 26 30 35 40 48 60 65 10_16_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 88 60 100) 100 ake iT TTPtTererafyt al - 80 meat . : E : fH ett Z a 85 J. 54 yf i a] [| iad welt na na g 7 1 i d 5 eo}— Ba i 6 | f 6 Le i Z i] 3 : i / 5 i’ 4 5 $ i 5 714 f F rc 1; f ' we fl i 4] A : PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 55 60 100 Tr?Triryrty tid q 70 i = d 70 ba — aaa j is 88 3 o 7 P ia Eg Fs Ve 4 A 6 = 50) # 7 i ee ee 3 fi 89) i Zz - z= - = / . x LT 8 3 ws Bs iV 2 3 4 7 § fa i’ 5 f An = — at 777 2 7 ‘4 fi / f | if fl Vi A wade deee 2 nS eer PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION mn MinoTEs. 8 10. 15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 aa 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ; $0_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 80 J 70 d 36 J 70 : ae B 60) : so 91 é 2 92 z a 93 B : i tot. 8 3 8 a9 8 39 aes a ca - E. ape = ie ee es ee |__t_.J ee ee ee ee A -- PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 100 100 100) | ; { 70 4 70 60 5 60 8 6 5 60) = i é 50 ia é 5 * é : : 4 ‘i e a 3 ag ape B R, Eg cal ER, L 7 De Te ed ee srejeaage a aa — == PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES B10 (15, 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 $5 80 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50_ 55 60 to_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_§5 60 100; 7 on ye a re 100) 100) 5 a ee le (Ge Sea (ee 90 van 90) . 90) a 4 ao} fh < Z 80] F 60 a 7o}—! 4 20 A 70) o ! oO ° got [ 1A # 60 Be & soit ra z 98 2 99 sor+ y 50 5 pele | Z 2 i eH a7 Ba Ba oa ¢ 5 39 5 39 Bad E B a i l7 q g or] ! pee ! q Z enaeE Lean ce AON i ke. aad Cuarts D 85 To D 99.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hemanthus katherine ( ----- ), H. magnificus (-.--.--), and H. andromeda ( ). 85. With Chloral Hydrate. 90. With Hydrochloric Acid. 95. With Sodium Hydroxide. 86. With Chromic Acid. 91. With Potassium Hydroxide. 96. With Sodium Sulphide. 87. With Pyrogallic Acid. 92. With Potassium Iodide. 97. With Sodium Salicylate. 88. With Nitric Acid. 93. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 98. With Calcium Nitrate. 89. With Sulphuric Acid. 94. With Potassium Sulphide. 99. With Uranium Nitrate. 217 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ON IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION 10 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25-30 35 40 45 50 55 60 Z 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 5&5 60 - 10 15 20 25 3 ae a es @ co} x c s c=} e ¢ c 100 02 & 2 fs o So. « o x x rx s PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a rs} os = PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. 2 c -. s i \ i dockestest E i sa ! PERIOD OF REACTION IV MINUTES. PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. || PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 O 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 80 58 60 “ 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 D =) D =) : 80) H 60) 70 70) a 7 e 8 60 8 60 4 103 4 104 a 105. 6 : i) : 0) i 40 B 4 Bp 40 8 30) 8 30 5 J B ad B ad B Ef f E, tere zs (enmnsths RIA RSAR ARATE HEE A ESE ES = LESS Cuarts D 100 to D 105.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hemanthus katherine ( ----- H. magnificus (-..-.. - F ? and H. andromeda ( ). 100. With Strontium Nitrate. 102, With Copper Nitrate. 104. With Barium Chloride. 101. With Cobalt Nitrate. 103. With Cupric Chloride. 105. With Merouric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES. PRAIOD OF REACTION IN MIVUTES. 10_18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 2 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1001 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 60 100 100 TT) |...) ae 109) aa TI 60 $0) lL + all 90 A 106 = 7 80 ea 8 a r 80 7 d 70 re os = a 70 j ae 7 a 11 ge 7 a a ge Ay ia 108 & 50 f a & 60 LM B FI E 1 a / y 2 | oe Fe ea BA ee ea 5 a9 a 5 sg 4+ 1t 5 30 a oe Bes Al ee k io E ae rie] 724 el / A ee ¥ rat) | ~ 74 a 10] Art a 1 ae = g 10) = sot VA e Za cae Pe ae ball Pes, - PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10. 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 680 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 40 100 100; rl —] 100 F 80) —— _ 90) tee ES = Go |_| ie F 80 aa fo F 8 oe OCC. - eal tf : Til LAS Hl 109 H | | 7 a { _-™ E 50 & 50) 2 5 50 a |] 2 |] “A {110 2 {| 7 i 40 | £ 40 | 7 7 5 40) | 2 a0 5 39 5 3 30 a 5 i = fi | /y 5 J Zz 2 | 2 T Fi 29) + i . i i} i | W oP Sd ee em e Lobatto 7 Cuarts D 106 To D 111.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hemanthus katherine (----- ), Hemanthus puniceus (-..-..-), and Hemanthus kénig albert ( ). 106. With Chloral Hydrate. 108. With Pyrogallic Acid. 110. With Sulphuric Acid. 107. With Chromio Acid. 109. With Nitric Acid. 111. With Hydrochloric Acid, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. + PERIOD OF REACTION IN MIXUTES. m 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 10_15 20 28 30 35 -40 45 60 65 60 100 100 “100; 90) 80 = “ 90) 8 80) —| oil ni LL 70 70) = — To —T ‘ a c 114 2 PT 113: 2 | w PER CENT OF TOTABR STARCH GELATUNIZED. a r=} PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a t=} PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. J = (ON So f 2 ee ee ee = ON i -—] i : - Be 3 8 by —s eg S. TB is 3 Ps 3 S bs CH 8 bs ig fe s fy g a 3 =: 3 io 8 8 ig eg Ey EN a A “PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED - = \ | x > > x > o™ 2 E 116 415 9 | 2 h—_| ix PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH CELA’ .—-+—~ N \ | co) nos 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 65 60 - 810 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 “10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100 yy : 100, % 100) 20 F an 90) 7) J i i y [° LA. [- 119 a i e 126 60 — 6 an iid Cee i ra i » i. 8 8 un 8 —— B . B add E A 2 a © / Ey E, Ey ’ OD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ,¢ PERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES... . PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 2 165 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60: ;10_16 "20 26 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 ee 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 56 60 er en Mt T T Tt TL CUO: OShU]!SCOUttClU) 100) ee ee ee ee ae ee 90 ' gf o : a ‘aa 3 [ : —" e Eo dr 121 LI | d 70 d 7 La Goo a 8 e 60) é — z. 122 123 i, ae A, ¥ 8 3 s S taf B B = e, a B stock — _ 2 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. , — , 1D OF REACTION IN MINUTES. _ ai iso 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60°55 60 “6 “10 15 20 28 30 35 40 45°60 55 60 : 5 3 8 D > 2 # 124 fe fo» : : 125 a ; Es e 126 | F NK 3 2 3 7 B 2 § 7 8, 3 a / ‘ f° ae u “ LL | * si = : . = solasdond Cuarts D 112 ro D 126.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Hamanthus katherine ( ----- ), Hemanthus puniceus (-..-..-), and Hemanthus kénig albert ( ). 112. With Potassium Hydroxide. 117. With Sodium Sulphide. 122. With Cobalt Nitrate. 113. With Potassium Iodide. 118. With Sodium Salicylate. 123. With Copper Nitrate. 114. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 119. With Calcium Nitrate. 124. With Cupric Chloride. 115. With Potassium Sulphide. 120. With Uranium Nitrate. 125. With Barium Chloride. 116. With Sodium Hydroxide. 121. With Strontium Nitrate. 126. With Mercuric Chloride. 219 PERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 2» 015 _20 26 30 38° 40 45 50 _55 80 6 “10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 61 100 20 2590884048 56 60 1007" 7 ce ee ee 100) ? AE ] [a2 ‘a . 90 = . 90) y a) [ee E 80 ian i 80 fo 7 Zid [ i ano 27 7 4 ci f 2 de i 1 4? {70 an (Zz g 70 ‘3 aa to a a fi | | : Be =- 60 7 if = F] an / ‘4 ; yA Pa 5 5 = a 60) a «0 7 é Ac 8 H fi -2 40) f 74 g ec a | I? = /\ 8 aol 5 aol-+ e OOF 1 B aot f E 2 i 28 5 adh ih a ft it dt L1- Bd li £, 2 a in a ee 107 r “Lee | a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. _ . t PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES . is ‘10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60_§55 60’ a 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 i “10 15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 _55 60 so 4 sold. ze +, 80 £ (-] moore 4 10 ec 4 | gj rof 5 5 ‘i Read & ook a a eOlL 60 / 60 E 6 ued d 60) f zal é 50 4s a : 3 5 40 8 aot it § 40 S , 3B alt i a 8 30) p30 t ° 3 a 5. Bot LZ 131 5 | 20 20 + 2 = a 19 : 1h f bog —— 4 ae _+, PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES, “4 _. © PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. _10_15 20 26 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 5 0 15. 20. 25 30 35 40 45°60 65 60 ‘ 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 100/— SF = t09 OP a E {00, = 8 ool BO d 60 i § rf ce Er : : ' r| 70) d 70 H ToL Hs F bolt. : aol t | 60 + 1 i H é 133 @ ect 134 Baal 135 F ai! H 40 & 40) ' A 40H 8 30) 8 80) ; 8 30) i B H mt B oof fe — fl f Seam : cs — Legere == PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. a 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 ms 10_15 20 26: 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 ne 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 60 : aos Gen Saas ed Ge ee = a PS re ie a ne ee ie ' 90) . sof Beal 27 (i (: (a (a s4-"F ' i oe 4-7T zol_t al il J to. doy 4 ea jo" # 60 B 6 -4 1 + a° F E ol! 137 pa 138 a H 136 aot F] { 5 en ia iB Se 2 4ort 8 sole 8 3 5 sol} i B aot B oo B aol Bd ft, a a 10} al tot — , | 1+} * » PHRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, _ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. _ |. PERIOD OP‘REACTION IN MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 ‘55-60 “ “610 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 556 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 vO it0 1 ay eas 0 ee 109) zea ae (eae a 100 Ss SSS Ge Gel ieee Gee ees a Qi L | a * 90 Aa _j--b-4 > ~4-—T 3: ee i if _/ Pa f oo ee : sol pad e-t-7 --7 vo} [ A 70k A 70} Os, / 9 1 a 1 gj 80) | * 4 g 60) , 3 80 ! é sot Als Beale 140 aE M41 a:]8 ; g-|! Q 1 ai ly ‘A 5 ! = ' © 30+ 7 30 ep 30 Be} LAA [139 Bad! & at za rH iy ty i ; q Cuarts D 127 To D 141.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Crinum moorei ( ----- ), Crinum zeylanicum (-..-..-), and Crinum hybridum j.c.h. a: 127. With Chloral Hydrate. 132. With Hydrochloric Acid. 137, With Sodium Hydroxide. 128. With Chromic Acid. 133. With Potassium Hydroxide. 138. With Sodium Sulphide. 129. With Pyrogallic Acid. 134, With Potassium Iodide. 139. With Sodium Salicylate. 1380, With Nitric Acid. 135. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 140. With Calcium Nitrate. 131. With Sulphburio Acid. 136. With Potassium Sulphide. 141. With Uranium Nitrate. PERIOD OF REACTION I8 MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 100 “610 15 20 28 3035 40__46_50__ 85, 60 sey 10.15 20 28 30 35 40 45 80_55 60 400 10 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 650 55 60 # 90) TT ox ; od —_ { so}—— f 8 ‘a ate---t- H sot} , 8 eo j- - H 6 = it 142 FI é , 143 i. ! 144 2 5 3 | i i B «t+ B aot 7 3 sot 8 aol+ 3 sol} B aolt B alt B aot! f ore é uF fd f Sa Uy PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. wakes f PERIOD oF REACTION IN MINUTES. é 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 ee “eo 10 15 20 25 30 36.40 45 50 65 60 . 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-66 40’ 100, =; fice] ce (ia) Tears Saeed (Geis foal (Gey ee ar | ‘100 i , ee i 7 Pe nent wl 7 : 7 oa i a at i ‘a j rel Fat = 7 E 60) — 60) 2 sol 145 i, 146 ee : 147 F | ' q 1 g 8 40+ B E 1 8 sot} 8 3 soht J ! =4--4 B adh Bo | ft dad B aot E Bi ptt Eat * leerbe ree : Cuarts D 142 to D 147.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Crinum moorei ( ----- ), Crinum zeylanicum (-..-..-), and Crinum hybridum j.c.h. ( ). 142. With Strontium Nitrate. 144. With Copper Nitrate. 146. With Barium Chloride. 143. With Cobalt Nitrate. 145. With Cupric Chloride. 147. With Mercuric Chloride. PRAIOD OF RECTION OY MINUTES. PERTOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF BRACTION 18 MINUTEA B10 15 620: 625 630 36 40 45 60 55 80 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45¢50 53 69 y TT I * 100; TI! TTT mo 100) y 5 Bl 9 Af soy a] ds 25 f a f eB Z. A f eal i oe ae : F bea q 70 70 4 Fa Halt /I . A > oem mae ° °- 7) 3 60 — g 0 va VA 8 60 — Z . call rr cA / a Z i £ 148 B 00 ic / : / / 3 aol tat /!|149 5 y A_|180 ' ki 2 } E 20+} F E 20 é fo Bo HE " / 4 10H as a * 10) , PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES . PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. S z PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES ._ i “i015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘ 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 “10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60°55 60 a ee $109 = aoe wor B0) Rs | =) ; qT ca g 9 f otf. f sot-} f 4 é rr) g 70 . <4 a rol. [|_| B79 Le | 8 2 151 L— 5 I ; Vi o" =a Z. Z L— aot l/l? 152 i : V4 153 ae if a t a BE ot 7 B 40 / q e B a0-—/ © so} s 8 aol ot E ool Bold Bd Z F aor °, Fl ] if Q a Br ‘ 7 z 1 7 ' 4 - Cuarts D 148 to D 153.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Crinum zeylanicum ( ----- ), Crinum longifolium (-..----), and Crinum kircape (. ). 148. With Chloral Hydrate. 150, With Pyrogallic Acid. 152. With Sulphuric Acid. 153, With Hydrochloric Acid. 149. With Chromio Acid. 151. With Nitric Acid. 221 : PERIOD OP REACTION OV MINUTES. IVOTEA, PERIOD OF BRACTION IN MINUTES. E 2 F tee. erie 40_ 45 60 650 JO_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -65 80; 100 “10 _15_20 25 30 35 40 48 60_65 60 1oor a a 100 | es a Fe es i ie i }— + 90) Z| - 90 z . 90! a é 8 60) E 80;—+ oS 70 70 | q 70 ! — mi 8 col 60+ rm 3 : Lt ei 155 : sot A {156 : 7_| ls 2d See aH, 8 B acl | 8 golt k a0 7 § 3 H = i i y, 20 2ort LL 20}— f a V g pe ae A tof Zeta ik = ec == i sree { A. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. + Periop OP REACTION IN MINUTES. sili PERIOD, OF REACTION IN MINUTES. | 10_15_ 20 25 $0 35 40 45 60 55 60 810 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 66 80 B10 18 20 25 30 35 40 46 60 65.60 100 100 lanl 100 ; a : coe "90 ptt f 80 . a7 f 80) + — a? 1 y 79 - 8 = eot+ 6 oe 4 . ae 157 : T 158 i 159 60 * 60) T 50 i 40h} A ao} a aol—f : ee 5 soll Dal fil Lt | fi al 5 aol ES 5 a fi L “dT att a k ro}f A wd 5 ee a 1o}f- Be el PERIOD ‘oF REACTION IN MINUTES. 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ; PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 5 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 _55 60 10_15 20 25 30 38 40 45 50 66 60, 10 15 20 26.30 35 40 45 60. 65 60 = 1 : Fete) oS ie) 2S f id es Ba f i f Pr ao eal Ae Bie of ra kf ee ral a) 4 = ia : A [ [16 A F a d me A = % ia 7 7 7] pe V4 AA @ so 161 anti 162 | f vA 1 a 4 FI i g we a 1 8 ~ i] £ H q 8 30-—- wa $ 3 t 5 a { fof | Lt E ad} , B ald Et bet teenie EW a L—| |__ , PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES i 10 15 20 25 30-35 40 45 60 65 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 i 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 66 55 6G 100; —— = 100; 100 i o A? a 0 i pases: ( | ae 80 Pam gq vot q 70 —. g 70 80! * Lo R nae, [hss a oe | ee a wes fold a V 164 i 6 1 5 a0 7 B 40t-+ 3 soll 3 ag 5 sold B add B dL. E aol} Bo | A f . . 107, ne oe ae ae 1Ory ‘ | PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. e PERIOD OF REACTION IN ‘MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘ 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 $015 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 68 60 10 15 20 25 30 38 40 45 60 68 60" 100, 100) Lop as be oP ae | 100 = ae Ge eae | [ [ 7 lesa 70 70) 70) = dv : a -[e Pees . Gi ala 4 b> Hh 66 3 2 I 168 ; B 40 : B hd 5 ad & anh ET + § act. BE tat cteleed E old A i] ig : " ii = £ 1 | L— H Cuarts D 154 to D 168.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Crinum zeylanicum ( ----- ), Crinum longifolium (-..++.-), and Crinum kircape (——). 154. With Potassium Hydroxide. 159. With Sodium Sulphide. 164. With Cobalt Nitrate. 155. With Potassium Iodide. 160. With Sodium Salicylate. 165. With Copper Nitrate. 156. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 161. With Calcium Nitrate. 166. With Cupric Chloride. 157. With Potassium Sulphide. 162. With Uranium Nitrate. 167. With Barium Chloride. 158, With Sodium Hydroxide. 163. With Strontium Nitrate. 168. With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IS MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTEA PERIOD OF REACTION D1 MIXUTES, B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 JO_15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 68 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60_65 100) 100) 100) 80 90 Ab aol f - a = 7 y t fe a fe. LE \e wall LT. {/ Pid t eeapeers: ane inf 60] tes He a 5 60 aS ae a Bgl a i 171 ze = 50) Z aes | fe 170 2 4 169 a .* 8 84 8 B at B oot E [a g 10f a 10 A 1 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. aS PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 610 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50_65 80 100 Set Re ere rr oe ma FE 100; 7, ool AA i soll! 90 7 ry sop F sort eo rolh! <4 q 70 a Tor d i a) B 60 8 60 4 a 4 B so 17 z 173 E sol 17 4 4 FJ B 40 8 40 + 2 4of § 30 8 ad 5 oft e “F a 10) a 1 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50_56 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 $5 80 N00 ape = == 100 a 1007 pr bode eat toe) id eve a ae S0Ht 80 2 90 1? é Ct) [ 80) é 8or-r J ol q 7a J 7o1-f a vot g 60 b B cof L g 6 H 17 ® soll 175 8 6 pie 3 tt a 20 2 B 40 B B 40 My iy ~ ~ he : 30 5 3 E sont 20) 20 i 20) a 10 R 10) i ef PERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES. i. PERIOD OF REACTION ON MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ; 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40.48 60 65 60 10_18_20 25 30 35 40 45 50_65 60 re fo 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 6c 100) ee S288 83 a aI 90) fo 90) oa L- i os al | oT i7 FI 7 70 A 7 70; 7 a LY a _-f-L-4--4--4 o “ ° aot 4 | pea i : 179 4 WE Ea 180 5 = qé B50 F | 178 I a : aa 8 i © 30 2 30r¢t : a0} fr i 5 20 E coth a 10 sor 3 10) PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 10_15_20_25 30 35 40 45 50_ 58 60 . 19_15_20 25 30 _35 40 45 50_65 60 100, i- == Lo4t—-—F 100) =: 100 i 90] ‘/ 80 = = j 7, L el YH | pap 70 y | A 70) = ral 1 Fie Let a y s 2 S a L- Z 60] 8 4 ge 7 181 han: 182 z 183 & 60 y & 5 & sold q 2 3 a e(f Fs qi B 40 E 8 5 8 3 E S$ 5 2 i 20) é 2 & 10) E 10 - * 10) Cuarts D 169 to D 183.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Crinum longifolium (----- ), Crinum mooret (- +--+ -), and Crinum powellit ( ). ; 169. With Chloral Hydrate. 174, With Hydrochloric Acid, 179. With Sodium Hydroxide. 170. With Chromic Acid. 175. With Potassium Hydroxide. 180. With Sodium Sulphide. 171. With Pyrogallic Acid. 176. With Potassium Iodide. 181, With Sodium Salicylate. 172. With Nitric Acid. 177. With Potassium Sulphocyanat 182. With Calcium Nitrate. 173. With Sulphuric Acid. 178. With Potassium Hydroxide. 183. With Uranium Nitrate. 223 OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF HEACTION IN MINUTES arg 20_25 - 35_ 40 45 50 55 69 ee 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 ‘ag = 46_§0_ 55 80 100 z Spm i ae ee | et 20 unm ta 90 — — 90 a — a4 g a ao sae H AS | i Pe L oe oe — Lo LT ot a” a g 70}—fea“ g 7014 I =| ee d = _}.-/-4--4 60 ¢ L = 60) === g 60 had § A i pz 5 sol & sol t-14 © so-ttp= 3 ' i Hie 2 185 2 ! 186 ee aot 2 ii 3 3 3 a & aottr ¢ Ul & ad ji 20Hf7 i 20 Bolt B clk 2 of PERIOD OF REACTION ON MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IX MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION EN MINUTES aks 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 6 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 ea Lamy ied 0 a eee 90) . 90) anal ‘ eo iT | f 8 é 6 VA _- Ee aon ae od WA Lone nego += Es i zd eee ae adeegrrr Ver : ig == oe ee Oe ee i + fore 189 & 6 a 50] 4 © 60) 3 i 187, FI KH 2 B ao 8 7 £ 5 sot ft 8 A 8 ad E 2 5 2 LA == ep é 2 é 10 é 1 VA aque tT | a 10) Let] Cuarts D 184 To D 189.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Crinum longifolium (----- ), Crinum mooret (-..-+-), and Crinum powellit ( ). 184. With Strontium Nitrate. 186. With Copper Nitrate. 188. With Barium Chloride. 185. With Cobalt Nitrate. 187, With Cupric Chloride. 189, With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 100 10.16 20 28 30 35 40 45 60 68 20! 100 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 35 60 100 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 $5 60 0 a a6 ib és V 8 Ai LT 4 80} ig é 80 z PA a 70 ey q 70 a 70 fot YL Lr Bed 8 0 tet} I/ Fe é den 192 a ; 2 2 Tiana B ZZ 8g Wl 24 s AZ $ 0] a 3 7¥, S a0] B a 4h E y -_ i OF E u 4 iS WO) Leal : i Renan eT PERIOD OF REACTION [8 MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ee PERIOD OF REACTION [If MINUTES. a 10_15_20_25 30 35 _40 45 50_55 60 re 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 80 100 otal 20 25-9095 40 45 50_58 60 80) al as 90 80 = i a? ] g f 80 Baa E colt E 80 Ie" h qj 70 > a 70 g 70 80 8 60) 60 i ool ff 193 i a 194 soll 195 5 40 " & 40) £ 40 5 sold 5 a0 5 39 5 apt i 5 20 & 20 20 f 19 ® 10 g 104 Cuarts D 190 to D 195.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine crispa (----- ), Nerine elegans (-..-..-), Nerine dainty maid ( ), Nerine queen of roses ( ). 190. With Chloral Hydrate. 192. With Pyrogallic Acid. 194, With Sulphuric Acid. 191. With Chromio Acid, 193. With Nitric Acid. 195, With Hydrochloric Acid. PERIOD OF REACTION Dt MINUTES. , PERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION DF MINUTES. pete 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 55 60 Ach 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 @0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100, it 80) oe | oe” ae ; col f 80 s f éo 198 ae H 70 7 70) de AS he 5 60H 196 j J § ‘ vm Fa ww 5 60 6 aa 19 B ea LZ. vad “7 a 40] 3 4 EA r 7” ae Co s Bs p 7 F ge E 30 3 3 5 30 ‘L A= ji 20) 5 ial E Y/ ya” i v 20 =t LS © YY a ' Hy ic cake — f \ L Ca a oe ee ee om PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MITUTES. PERIOP OF REACTION IN MINUTES, ‘ie 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 ‘at 10_16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 107 —p—19-18_-20_25_30_ 35 _40_45_50_65 80 == so 80 o 90 901 a0! Va ea a YY i 7 Ts) 70| a 71h gd” g oir 199 a° 200 ao bor © 60) Bs 5s : : : 40) 40 = ; 30) - 5 30 ; 30 fi al 27 Fr f | 10 a SE 1 Lesa Scoala ll er hes a oe Po PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 65 60 100) 1o_ 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 a8 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 58 40 100 7 90 v2 we 90) . 90] A+ é ad V [ ; E ec i 'O)| d 70 } | 70 q 7 60} £ g 6 3 Hy i f 202 Fy 203 FI sa 204 Fie © AY 2 FI ; dal Bw Ze 5 sled Bal 8 sa +14 30 < B ll 5 5 -aeas 20) 20) 2 =< a oie g L—t—1—] g » a ee 10] 10 = E= 10 =F = aH PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ~ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IW MINJTES 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 JO_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 100) a er a re el te 100) 100, Z ----f- 7 80 80 , 80-1 rj Ly 80 80) 80 “t t) Val a d 70 a g 70 a7 ° WA g 60} fe 8 60 g 8 205 Z = 206 5 50 & 50 4 E Hf 40) 40 m 5 s La S 30 30) 30) 5 § k |_+—f-_[ 2 2 ‘i fi a a we ro g 10 ton = PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 650 65 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10 $0_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_ 65 80 100) 100 ae 90 90 . 30 - i. te d 70 j 70 i 70 o 5 8 0 B ni a0) é pos é aie E co 21 F FI 2 B «0 R« F ~ 8 3 ° wt 30) ) d 5 B et F ef g é , S , : esg-=k= Cuarts D 196 ro D 210.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine crispa (----- ), Nerine elegans { -..-..-), Nerine dainty maid ( ), and Nerine queen of roses ( ). 196. With Potassium Hydroxide. 201. With Sodium Sulphide. 206. With Cobalt Nitrate. 197. With Potassium Iodide. 202. With Sodium Salicylate. 207. With Copper Nitrate. 198, With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 203. With Calcium Nitrate. 208. With Cupric Chloride. 199. With Potassium Sulphide. 204. With Uranium Nitrate. 209. With Barium Chloride. 200. With Sodium Hydroxide. 205. With Strontium Nitrate. 210. With Mercuric Chloride. 225 PERIOD OP REACTION It MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PRRIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES. 1o_i5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 10.18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 S10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 60 59 60 100 A =o aa 100 a 100) 6. —— al an ee 80! ZS xa oa Pry 2 eal ar ‘ Wa f 80 a : ‘ Be iad f a a ‘a Ly LLL Be ie ° vai 7 7, g ite) 7 B 60) v1 60 Hy j _L-+-4 g hy E 213 z. / 211 ee Bea B 5 2 L-* 2 y FI 5 4 an is Y 5 4 mi 4 R40 Pp 8 ot 5 y 8 ie 7 2 130 M4 30) Bef YL a 5 § et 7 2 2 i 4 g g oH 1 ' at as PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. Fe PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 48 60 65 60 10_15 20 28 30 35 40 48 80 68 60 J0_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65.60 100) —--f-4=3 100 a 100 a 80 BS SS 90 $0 — z = é cr) at tt i 80 f rt) Cf) Le Ce 21 4 | a 70) f ZA A 70) F| 7o1—t y ° a £ & 60 60 4 14 214 s 21 216 © so}—Hy : 50 60 t if 40) i L Pere : aa | 8 aot & 30) » 3 B aol i B olf 20 20 20 t i, Et PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. . PERIOD OF REACTION Of MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 6&_10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 f 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 1015 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 55 60 100 & ian (ane Tae es (ies ee | 100) ip] 100 ool -f 0 so] = { A | Pe So 6 oa i 70 mal 7 a 70 i g 2 d A 60 g = g : "9A “4 217 218 A 29 soli Bs B 5 E q 4 y f L_4 40 ttt} Bad / wae 5 30 5 3 ss bet 8 gy Fl Zag Fi f 34 i] ec 4T E f Ler 2 & f tot a | V7 es = 4 : = — y = _— r =. Pa te ee PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 160 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 100 10_15_20 25 30 _35 40 45 60_55 60 ian $0_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 658 60 = > “ =) a0 D >. D Rs] x > x =) 21 i a ax 8 ~| SS Sat BY Ld &. PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. XN v \ ‘ PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a $ ‘5 PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED, » Qo co} Ww iS] ASL 2 7 2 | 4 SI 5 2 10 i} $*- —- 4 1 fe a SxS R= PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES.. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 “1015 20 25 30 36 40 45 60 55 60 B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 60 100, 74 100 ayy 90) é 80) 90) / a i oa + : H . [ ‘i ¢ d 70-4 go 5 8 60 6 60) F sol tt E 224 é «4 225 22 2 i 40 A 3 2 40 B 40 mae 5 30 5 39 — 8 so = a E 5 cert i 20) 18 2 Lor — e be = i 10) a 1 oe ca 5 = £ 1 Pat rat | > The ; = Cuarts D 211 To D 225.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine bowdeni ( ----- ), Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major (-..-..-), Nerine giantess ( ), and Nerine abundance ( ). 211. With Chloral Hydrate. 216. With Hydrochloric Acid. 221. With Sodi H i 212. With Chromic Acid. 217. With Potassium Hydroxide. 222. With Sodiuin fe 213. With Pyrogallic Acid. 218. With Potassium Iodide. 223. With Sodium Salicylate. - 214. With Nitric Acid. | 219. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 224, With Calcium Nitrate. 215, With Sulphuric Acid, 220. With Potassium Sulphide. 225. With Uranium Nitrate. 15 PERIOD OF REACTION IW MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 60. PERIOD OF HBACTION {8 MINUTE Z B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 66 PEARID OP? REACTION DY MOTUTES 4 Jo_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 56 60 . 100) | Aa Leer. : : j is Z I; : : | : : : d 221 5 a 80 # . : : B sol ft 226 d ; ze I ye : | 3 it i | B aad : : ; | | : : oe ee PERIOD OF REACTION 19 MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 80) - Leen ee a ee PERIOD OF REACTION OY MINUTES. : 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 46 50 55 60 3 8 8 x > ST > 23 231 e : 4 229 : : £ ix PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED, PRR CENT OF TOTAL GTARCH OELATINIZED. Cxarts D 226 To D 231.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine bowdent ( major (-..-..-), Nerine giantess ( 226. With Strontium Nitrate. 227. With Cobalt Nitrate. 228. With Copper Nitrate. 229. With Cupric Chloride. VERTUD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ), and Nerine abundance (. feces ), Nerine sarniensis var. corusca 230. With Barium Chloride. 231. With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 18 20 25 30 35 40_ 45 60 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 85 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 £5 69 4 ag Oe ade to ee ial 100 io 100) 5 4 = -7 80 ts 0 é e fled tt T_ - o/s é Py ies + - 8 7 60) g ro: ial I aay, {70 ‘ Pe : 233 FLV si 4 i 232 4 ie TA 4 4 : p34 a 4 3 i i A A 3 3 sot Vy 8 il4 3 5 5 4 R P | 20} 2 A a E £, , E, 4 =p pasa. = nace PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. P PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 $0 55 60 100) 0 100 Wi rs ats fat eS ales SD Saeed J oe A cakeel vale 4 Easescces cl hare 8 Z = = | 70 44 “ez i 70 H i 70 Fi A ae HY) a § ee 3 60 A 235 E 236 237 : 60}—1 74 7 B 60 B 5 y |/ H a E J, : * B 8 ri j 5 ap 8 | 5 + if E 20) 5 20) Bele bs i, Yj Cxarts D 232 to D 237.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major ( ----- ), Nerine curviflora var. fothergiliit major (-..-..-), and Nerine glory of sarnia 232. With Choral Hydrate. 233. With Chromic Acid. 234, With Pyrogallic Acid. 235. With Nitric Acid. - 236. With Sulphuric Acid. _ 237. With Hydrochloric Acid. 227 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IX MINUTES. 810 18 20 25 30 38 40 45 60 58 40 10 16 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 ‘6a 5 10 15 20 25 30 38 40 48 60 85 60 0 a WOO) 90) 90! 90! f €0 “a [ se q 70 70) q 7 i ao 39 d 240 4 Bi 238 és e B 69 . Pa 3 inks 3 i A 8 ao 8 3 5 = 8 h, 5 ot 20) 2 a ea E, A, ae f, ont pty PA CLAFT PakTr et To == PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF wee aR Ae dor 46 ere : 10 15 20 25 30 95 40 45 50 85 60 B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 mn 10 15 20 25 30 35 4 100 100) 80) 90 90) Se ee 6 j 7 Les ba-t—- =|] d 70 d 70 ee AS ‘i 7 = i 4 243 j 6 ra e4 pal 6 242 B 4 Ba HO a : : aor} 4 4 8 a i L 8 a 8 3 * HDA ki 5 2044 2 2 r V4 fi aba teat -4-4 f ; =} “ Leckect £7] ee ee |---| a ae Re = * PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTIS. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 6 10 18 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 06 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100; S 100} ‘om | on, a (SO | g fe jt 7 7a 70} 7 q 7-3 é 60 et { i 244 a 245 Z, 246 bo a ‘i é é i B 40 : 8 8 3 J JO} B al B B 2c 3 ] i ebet-t774 g 4-4 10 += PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. “s PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100 100, 90) ‘on Pr F é é fy Beg q 70 10 d 70 rr I 6 E 6 i 248 Z. 249 8 8 5 : Ba ce i it & 3 2 30) E 30 ji 20 2 F 2 f ' " obote serie TS a ee os ® PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, nee or ew sivigem ae 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 60 i 5 20 35 40 63 6 " 100 2 ee 100) ——s 60) * gol 60 f. f é. é F ¥9 F| = d | re q 80) i P50 4 251 B se 252 a 3 | 5 B a 5 s 8 30} 3 B Ba y 2 E E, ' dood foe | whee 0 Cuarts D 238 To D 252.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major (-----), Nerine curviflora var. fothergilit major (-..-..-), and Nerine glory of sarnia (. ). 238. With Potassium Hydroxide. 243. With Sodium Sulphide. 248. With Cobalt Nitrate. 239, With Potassium Iodide. 244. With Sodium Salicylate. 249. With Copper Nitrate. 240. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 245, With Calcium Nitrate. 250. With Cupric Chloride. 241. With Potassium Sulphide. 246. With Uranium Nitrate. 251. With Barium Chloride. 242. With Sodium Hydroxide, 247, With Strontium Nitrate. 252, With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF BRACTION IN MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 55 = 100} ge a= ~ TEESE f I. ou rr f 7 , 4 i 60 rg H ry Z Z 2 S 4 - a * gd 70 Cap== int AS eo] 60 A q eot_-Z vA 4 253 3 i A754 | | to Fn Oe, 255 60 i; ra + 80) 7 i parece: eva I x Le : 3 39 8 3p 7 4 5 a9 > a 5 20) } 2-444 } 207 yi * 0 to a 1 4 PERIOD OF REACTION DF MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES. 10_18 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 65 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10_15_ 20 25 30 38 40 483 60_68 60 100 100; 100; pe pe en ee Ser pee — = = f a Ltt f s A é a “ q 7 ie P| = x oe eee i ‘ W; e Fa “71 Bo A a 80 Vil d 7s FT apne ee 2 60) 7 4 5 60 toe E 60) Te im F] / 3 4 ae 4 i aol—4 L p57 B 40 = ~~ : 7 “| A 3 ad if 3 / 4 fe 5 2 Z Z al -_— fa f 2 I i l ; ‘| yf ie t log 7 op a ‘ n= Cuarts D 253 To D 258.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Nerine curvifolia var. fothergilli major (-----~ ); N. elegans (---"-), N. sarniensis var. corusca major ( ), N. crispa (------ , and N. bowdenit (————). 253. With Hydrochloric Acid. 255, With Nitrio Acid. 257. With Potassium Sulphide. 254, With Chloral Hydrate. 256. With Potassium Sulphocyanat 258. With Strontium Nitrate. PERIOD OF URACTION IN MINUTEE PERIOD OF REACTION Uf 2{IAUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION D® MINUTES. eas _10_18 20, 26 30 35 40 46 _60_65 60 oe 1018 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 66 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 668 65 Loto, A g i Bo) ae: ro 8 8 é ac Tt BES< | le dT 70 FI si “4 Aa T af 5 a q 60) fe Gf Z BE , a 259 i rH : V 261 : f 260 g VA B= - é "4 3 3 pS -t77 3 E a A Bil 5 lao 5 8 2 4 4— ss E 5 An 1 ca 1 is Ol E VAM PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES “400 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 60 100 10 18 20 26 30 35 40 45 60 66 60 466 o 2 | olf * BP TT : 263, |_| ta i : Vi teeter in io 7 8 4 =p = QB 60 i 2 fk 262 i , Pe Os FI sols 264 2 Lf d ee od Pi 2 p if 7 rs B 40 hens hr ere i y, ti | A4 EV i Las é Cuarts D 259, D 260, D 262 To D 264.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus poeticus ornatus (----- ), N. poeticus poetarum (-..-..-), N. poeticus herrick ( ), and N. poeticus dante ( ). 259. With Chloral Hydrate. 260. With Chromic Acid. 262. With Pyrogallic Acid. 263. With Nitrio Acid. | 264. With Sulphuric Acid. Cart D 261.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus poeticus ornatus. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. 229 & REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF MRACTION IN MINUTES. PEMIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES, ate A amie oo 05 30 38 40 45 60 68 60 10 15 20 25 30 36 40 48 80 56 60 “0a 10_15_20 28 30 36 40 45 60_65 60 - oa Lf d-— = 90) 80 at = 90] = i (a be" a an 0} 80 Pa joo b= 80 ioe 3 / By a Kile" / 70 | 70 2 4 a 70 : 7 i 265 ; ara eS 267 | Z 6 60 f : 0} : y : = Til A_ 266 Sa vi / Pr ‘‘ a q ! i // L- : aa B ac! f, on 5 va oe eee eee ee 8 5 ye ae + ad ee - REE Capes bate E al i i i tor aii as 10) mj" PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION EN MINUTES. Yo 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 400 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 6 on 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 58 60 100) : i Hd 8 oI 90 =| “Tk é 8 f 8 S | i 80) i E aa WA A 70 Pea i soll 7 — 5 3 i es 7 8 60 ra Be 7 5 colt! 268 VW, a. 269 | / z allt le 60 60 ¥ d a é f E -of 40 4 <3 4 7 a 7 & ot Be E a “ 8 43 A“ = © 30) a A ” abe 4 5B 7] ¢ E /|_ La I- k 2 2 co 20 i ; : ate a Tere 7-4 10} PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 83 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60_65 80 ae i Pied a a= r=4 — SPH Pay a E 9 a tT +t 60 m2 60 = 80 a ee nn i | 7] 5 - a7 +a 70 = = q 70 E) i & pe ob? & 60 § 60 > : 60) ; 71 4 272 | 2 4 K LP 60) =F 50) 7 ies W 7 oS e-b-4 vj 7 973 £ i} £ 40) 7 aa ee ey 40} i] Pd 8 8 ad sat 83 : < a ie, F B as Bat het Fata | 20 7 7 ef b/d ne we | No? ee PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION EN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘ii 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘ea 1O_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ia 5 Se a = 7 Pe kee mn f AT | et a, a, r 80 go LE VaR Sea i : sa VA pee 70) > a 70 a oF g he" § 5 60 vi wee 60 7 6 ma 4 Ay 274 FI 275 Z WA ct G 6 £ 50 50) > | Ca a 2 “be 276 5 4 - g 40 £ 40 FF onl : E f S 30) S 30) o2 7 5 lit ; pers 20) 2 i i TAL 10 ——— eras | PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTEZA PERIOD OF REACTION tf MINUTES. PERIOD OF BEACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 re 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 tao) r 100 TALE Lt [a a oe 90 . 90 7i + ca . 90] |_+—4 H : fle 80 = a i F a7 a 70 L a 70 8 : L / : 279 Le a 60 é 60 6 i } 3 i 277 Z a 278. Z : | a 60 a4 = a 7 : = F] ! a / 3 ag de _ 2 rs pg 40 7 ae 8 a 3 3 a a 2 2 A 3 Mi i ~~ i" Fi i 5 re? 2 T7 a 20 Fi : A 20) poe =I" gO IA LK, a de r pat 19) 1 jar Bot oot fala ; Cuarts D265 to D 267, D 269 Tro D 279.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque (+--+ ), Narcissus poeticus ornatus (-..-..-), and Narcissus poetaz triumph ( F 265. With Chloral Hydrate. 271. With Hydrochloric Acid. 276, With Sodium Hydroxide. 266. With Chromic Acid. 272. With Potassium Hydroxide. 277, With Sodium Sulphide. 267. With Pyrogallic Acid. 273. With Potassium Iodide. 278. With Sodium Salicylate. 269. With Nitric Acid. 274. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 279. With Calcium Nitrate. 270. With Sulphuric Acid. 275. With Potassium Sulphide. Cuart D 268.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque. Per- centage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch (. ) gelatinized. PERIOD OP REACTION OF MIKUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION Di MOWUTER PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. fs ¥0_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 1007 —f to 20-25_90_ 35 40 45 6685 69 = H 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 40 , 90 90 6 | ( E i : bag Ww F “4 | i : 7, 281 eof eset compos { : 7 280 : : / tat | eet i i i ft \-t oT i / b? 3 3 8 4 Vi 7 LA : a a | 5 5 a a! 4 Paavo OF WAACTION Im MONUTEA. é * f a Fl tt 1 /\: gz B ao 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 my 4 a a ee oes cae ed 7 obo 5 | = fi 28 i° PERIOD OF RRACTION CW MOVUTES PERIOD OF REACTION It MUVUTES. 1O_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_ 65 60 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 100) i 2 | 70 q 70} f PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES 4 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 85 60 Ps 60 OS d : 283 4 . 284 ; 286 ro a i s : 5 ic 8 wat 8 5 5 20) A j 2 $ 2 t i 4-4 og == E : hie a Oe ted eet any “ 4 —+—T---J Pee cr at on Ladeestctee mh berate ES & ao Gia Die Cuarts D 280 To D 286.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque ( ----- ), Narcissus poeticus ornatus (----- ), and Narcissus poetaz triumph ( ). 280. With Uranium Nitrate. 282. With Cobalt Nitrate. 285. With Barium Chloride. 281. With Strontium Nitrate. 283. With Copper Nitrate. 286. With Mercuric Chloride. 284. With Cupric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MLNUTZS. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ¥_15_20 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 49 50_55 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 i 100) io 100, gl €0! 8 -T 90) S - 4 “al g - +7 pam é 289 ces > rd aoe gd? i % E L co AAC ° LL" ie 6 a | 28 dale i” Y & 5 B a Ea 5 5 5 / é ; Py 2 io # 8 =F 3 / AL 5 a0) 7 an 30 : f LT Hy /| 4 WA fi 4 2 5d aa 2 7 20 8 Bz et BL VI i, Z 1 1 Z se apt Za ad PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION DV MIWUTES PEQIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1o0p—2-—10_-15_20_25_30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘ 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100) J0_15 20 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 6o° + 100) 90 * 90 80) foo ta f a i ea 290 | U1 a 291 i oa 3 fo j 60) A # aol aa 3 60 , a = G 5 a SSS al 5 igs 292 ey |" Z Fi -~ FI “171 2 id / Ps @ 71.7 = | 8 3 A Poa 3 3 > 2454 8 30 > k 2 & 60) _ © 60 q L ae 2 x 7 a & 4 A 2 40 Z| B 40 E Y é 3 VA A. $ Et 3 VA ; 4 30) "4 7 A r 30) 8 / E ’ “ E i : Apt ; Se - Py -L-y Sg Cuarts D 293 To D 295, D 297, D 298.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus telamonius plenus (----- ? ? ? Narcissus poeticus ornatus (-..-..-), and Narcissus doubloon ( ). 293. With Chloral Hydrate. 295. With Pyrogallic Acid. 297. With Nitrie Acid. 294. With Chromic Acid. 298. With Sulphuric Acid. Cuart D 296.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus telamonius plenus. Percentage of entire number of grains ( ----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MIXUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘ca 10_15 20 25 30 35 49 45 50 55 60 , 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 "90 £ a 4 set ea 301 a 0) tt 1A a) Pr ao To f 80 e é 80 300 aa E 80 atest #1 Let” AL > a F| 7 d 70 i one d z0 R= 6 RO 2. “iy i 299 i We i. Fa 5 & & 4 6 50] 7 60 7 i 40) i 40 4 3 4 4 3 E id Lh Bay Ag B Bat + La oe ars FY : Ds ele = o 1oh-—ty PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. aso 10.15 20 25 0 35 40 45 50 55 ‘60 100 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 _ 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 $ . o 90! : 90] sole. g 302 = f aa 303 é 7 80) =e 80 ; ZL j Lae tot ae ’ eae wa ty ot fi qa ° -T g bo an ky 2 ee im: Pet te tt ie ps 4 4 aa 5 Af = 2 f Cy - a3 3 7 © 30) a £ 8 30] 3k 7 A id A £ 2 2 KA 2 # Py e 19) [ “ * 107 a 10} Cuarts D 299 To D301, D803, D 304.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus princess mary (----- ); Narcissus poeticus poetarum (-..-..- ), and Narcissus cresset ( UE 299, With Chloral Hydrate. 301. With Pyrogallic Acid. 303. With Nitric Acid. 300. With Chromic Acid. 304. With Sulphurie Acid. Cuart D 302.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus princess mary. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF RHACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION (ft MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_ 1520 25 30 35 40 48 80 68 60 100) 100) 100; . 80 F s ee an / 80 ast 80 g | = at ae a ih ie eee in oF 60 oa 8 eo = 60 fe ; V4 a4 i, 7 Ltt a 310 j a 3 y/ /| Pa -T 3 i § 40) = Tv ay re £ Bil 5s tik 14 309 aol se y BUA a! JE mA < A rt £ a! 4 r 10} 7 Cuarts D305 To D 307, D 309, D 310.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus abscissus ( ----- ), Narcissus poeticus poetarum (-..-..-), and Narcissus will scarlet ( ). 305. With Chloral Hydrate. 307. With Pyrogallic Acid. 309. With Nitric Acid. 306. With Chromic Acid. 310. With Sulphuric Acid. Cuart D 308.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus abscissus. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 130.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 100 r 100} 0 oe el 100) TT to re 90) 90 2. <7 90) at-4- “ ed é 7] ne >= a EB [ b* : | r 4-7) 5 d 70 70) . ji a 70 As | ° ° t f o ‘ A oa ge 11 “ iT yy ge i bs - 5 60 L Lh 60 / 4 2 ale a Wy 312 mW Bm Se a > HH 7 * ii L E ai rays a a ed i 20) >t ae E a an 4 2ol—4—A HERP aneP =. any, be PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PROD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 as |_| 100 100 a 2 90) I 90 90) g me & E q- _|_-b---F=-=3 é “I g er 5 - aed > 5 SB 70 a 70 t+} a 70 - F [ Zz 7 a oe ol 3 e its SF. ee cea 316 Eg / {314 3 ih 315 2 Fé 40 + 2 i a 8 40 Z 30) [ v S 4 A 5 Pat EL 4 7 v 2 al 4 8 £ p 9 a 7 Bs y/ & 1 Cuarts D311 to D313, D 315, D 316.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus albicans (----- ), Narcissus abscissus (-..-..-), and Narcissus bicolor apricot (. . 311. With Chloral Hydrate. 313. With Pyrogallic Acid. 315. With Nitric Acid. 312. With Chromic Acid. 316. With Sulphuric Acid. Cuart D314.—Velocity-Reaction of Pyrogallic Acid with the starch of Narcissus albicans. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. 233 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MDTOIES. PERIOD EF REACTION IN MINUTES. = 10.18 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 85 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 88 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 00; 100 Be = 100 ee ee i a a je 90) pS f é iF 7 Lt é Let cy 4 4 8 8 8 - - i 4 L 1 a atte J 70 a7 A, gq 7 aie aor 80 B eo fy 8 60 L 5) Oe Pe a a E 30 Ti? ; 30 ay o 2 or © 20) A 2 3 E “sf at a | VA LY Aa PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. : Nea 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 85 80 sé 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 58 60 10 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60_ 65 69 90 ' 90) . Hq g 326 | t+ A of E eo z 80 4 go 8 0 A 70 si 7 d7 ra b= > 8 es g 70 ad & oan 56 <--=5 =p B 60 ee Va -~ g Ly at 3 328 BG 5 7 & 5 = 5 50) as / z WA a FI fi 40) g 40) fi ra § 40 E2 ‘ 5 2 5 BR / iz | 7 5 5 2 5 5 20) ry : 5 20) g 10) ‘ VO y - a WI af Cuarts. D 323 to D 325, D 327, D 328.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus weardale perfection ( ----- ), Narcissus madame de graaff (-..-..-), and Narcissus pyramus ( ). 323. With Chloral Hydrate. 325. With Pyrogallic Acid. 227. With Nitric Acid. 324. With Chromic Acid. eae nie gi 398. With Sulpburie Aeid. Cart D 326.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus weardale perfection. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. 234 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF RRACTION IF MINUTES 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 1015 20 26 30 35 40 49 $0 55 60 100 100 "i 100 20) 90) cia p0) y * é a0! f ao Ze a ai | f a 4-2 f54 80) 8 . P > > 5 {7 {70 is fa | 430 ae a a es 329 : / } ea : ot LA 60 60 7 z — 3 F yi / 4 2 aBAd “= 60) x & 0 7 Va & 50 i AA i het i / f i 40 / Ly tad 40 =a 40-—17 7 7 7 S94 a S4 y ¥ WA B54 Ke. 331 5 ot | ei 5 ‘| |Z] A330 5 Vi 2 7 — 20r-+ 2 TT La" “a f Ber 2 VIA aad, 1 a i} 7 iT 7 ee ‘ey 2 PERIOD 01 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION UV MINUTES. to = oa ee 50 58 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 80 1 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 "100 100, 100 - 8 ad eal 80 a ws Lf tt '¢ : a £ 80 i 70 Lt j 10 Be oe i °o a = ca oe i leet . ‘ 4.4 Be 5 4 6 a 60 + 2 F | 334 d ~~ Se y aT 6 =] 5 59 f af B- 60) 4 —- } | a L- i | | ie 4 a6 4 7 7 7 5 Eds es 8 at th ie se o 332 § A 333 20 $0 oe 20-— f é /) g, WV, * 19 1 a : Cuarts D 329 to D 331, D 333, D 334.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus monarch ( Curves of we Velecit of the Starch of madame de graaff (-..---- ), and Narcissus lord roberts 329, With Chloral Hydrate. 330. With Chromic Acid. 331. With Pyrogallic Acid. ), Narcissus ). 333. With Nitric Acid. 334. With Sulphuric Acid. Cuart D 332.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus monarch. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION (N MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IB MINUTES. © 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 100) E 100; 2, _ 100 90) 90) Sa @0 + = ae f Q- 336 q 337 | te J : i aise A wa (Oe Bs Ee y # e A=aea £6 2 7; zs : & 50 pe B s0 4 & 50 L 2 2 q 2 “a 3 / a 8 40) 8 40) rad B 40] a 8 a0 3 30 LA Ea Ye E. a8 B. az E. A § 4--F-J7 f A f a ee ; Z ! PZ 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION (0 MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 JO 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100) se ae ee ee Ge 100 rT Lb. & ff asf. oo? FT el we 2° f. Bale ict i tS a8 oq iy sE 338 fa 5 Pw | & 76 5 60 60 a 6 a A] Hy AT oes 4 340 BE 7 é a es 8 L 2 / a | EE 4 Wi B B 4 V | tbe £40) FA A je 8 A_ a4 8 ~ = o = 2A Cor 38 i 74 iz 5 / VA E. E V LY - a a 1 IZ £ iT a LT _ 1-477] : ‘t Cuarts D 335 To D 337, D 339, D 340.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus leedsit minnie hume ( ) and Narcissus agnes harvey (- Cuart D 338.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus leedsii minnie hume. of entire number of grains ( Narcissus triandrus albus ( 335. With Sulphuric Acid. 336. With Chloral Hydrate. 337. With Chromic Acid. 338. With Pyrogallic Acid. ) and of total starch ( us 339. With Nitric Acid. 340. With Sulphuric Acid. Percentage ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 235 PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES 10 35 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 pe a el Oe a a 100 10 15 20 25 30 .35 40 45 50 $5 60 100) =—— 90 H 90 VA wz f 90 put Po ; mo 80 8 5 @ val : : fe f 4 a 70 WA f- d? gi Ae $ 8 «6 6 VS "i ' 3 341 g m / ai b 6 60 ue 7 a a AH : 8 40 5 4 all ° R = /| J 342 P . a 8 30) = 9 3 ; 7 “ i. TEE A fers ) ee a tea £ Pid rT = Ta ; 3 c Bese hea = r 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 PERIOD OF REACTION f MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 $0 55 60 PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 , 100 100; "098 3 e 90) | 4 90) | 90) J ah, 344 ea a i 345 é of i - A 70 Lqa=E-f---T" J F rofl ze i = Lr Fe °° a Cal on Ao ia a Be — = & 60 ge J 1-4 : ier eS 3 346 Bs ¢ §9 7 — 4 6 Bi 40) / aa 5 oe fi < aid a / 8 427 3 a0 ae i E et YY B sc Hy 20) Dh : i 10) 4 7 a 10) - \ Cuarts D 341 To D 348, D 345, D 346.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Narcissus emperor ( ----- ), Narcissus triandrus albus (-..--.-), and Narcissus j. t. bennett poe ( 341. With Chloral Hydrate. 342. With Chromic Acid. Cuart D 344.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Narcissus emperor. Percentage of entire number of grains (- PERIOD OF BEACTION IN MINGTES 343. With Pyrogallic Acid. ----) and of total starch ( PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINOTES. 345. With Nitric Acid. 346. With Sulphuric Acid. ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IM MINUIES ma 310 2 ——s 35_ 40 45 50 55 60 ‘a 10 15 20. 28_30 35_40 45 50 85 80 too §_10_15 20 _ 28 30 35 40 45 $0 583 60 vol | a te-f sol f fet sol fear" é a a / f 80) ld f 80) 7 i) A dr "7 a7 g 70) ge t 7 g 60) 8 6 2 347 z 348 FI 349 2 y y 4 & 60 B ort B 40 B «9 8 30) i 8 30) 3} E aap E sf : 20) 20) 5 20 Bel i f ty PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTER PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTEA PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 “S10 15_20 25 30 35 40 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 _4§ 100 §__10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 49 8 el = 8 100) Let) b= == = g § 7 é - Pe - fis tie Bas re ; a7 af BB 70 d 70 z 70 ; 38 im; BF B 60 E cot He IL 350 ae tt 351 2 {fi 352 2 salt 353 fej | , Eg 4 r a 0 ze iE ps } B aos 2 40 £2 aot a3 3 30) 8 a9 32 ffi Be Tf 5 Fy and 20r-+ E 2 20) 20 Bo nt f A 10} 10; ae { Carts D 347 To D 349, D 352, D 353.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Lilium martagon album (----- ), Lilium maculatum (-..-..-), and Lilium marhan ( 347. With Chloral Hydrate. 348. With Chromic Acid. 349. With Pyrogallic Acid. 352. With Sodium Salicylate. 353. With Barium Chloride. Cuarts D 350 ann D 351.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starches of Lilium martagon album and L. maculatum. Percentage of entire number of grains ( oe ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, ios w Aap 30.35 40 45 50 55 50 100 S10 15 20 25_-30 35_ 40 45 50 55 60 100; 310 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 * $0 a 90) 477 90) CX hedh debe eo —#— P é soph q ool, a weld 5 olf Felt gi? d 70 q 70) 2 60) 5 so--# @ ecot4h E 80 54 E sol ft 355 2 a 356 2 2 B 40 8 40 B 40H ; 8 ad ¥ 50 20H i 20 5 aol 3 r i g 10) ? to) PERIOD OF REACTION Et MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION ON MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 43 50 65 60 101) 20 25 30 10_15_20 25 ‘30 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 . 400 100 7 10077 100, i 8 fac —} 90) xf. s0lt { 5 2 90} if g a) 4 g e é “tTee é (al wan“ Fo 8 i 3 oH a 1k? if 70 i 7ol-# a rol d zs -4-4-4 ° ° BB tote 8 eot-f! colts 8 solid a “Ty C a {fh 358 4 ! 359 gif 360 ta & 50) soft! B soll 2 TT 7 3 i 3 f d ae a: Bop! E ao f E iz 357 8 actte 5 sop 5 sotitt é olf b af Bi ack Bop r of Di E é op Cuarts D 354 to D 356, D 358 to D 360.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Liliwm martagon ( ----- ), Lilium maculatum (-..-..-), and Lilium dalhansont ( is 354, With Chloral Hydrate. 356. With Pyrogallic Acid. 359. With Cobalt Nitrate. 355. With Chromic Acid. 358. With Sodium Salicylate. 360. With Barium Chloride. Cuart D 357.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Lilium martagon. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. ~ PERIOD GP REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION EX MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTER 10_16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 88 60 0 10.18 20.25 _30 38 40 45, 50 85 69 ‘i 10 15 20 25 390 35 40,45 60 68 ee A... 7 eo AB oT an £4 eae | OE ns 60) 60 2 w/ 3 a 70) + | 70 i FI 70) i § 60) 60r Ht eo pe 3 : iW 361 4 “3 i 362) : 7 363 q aig 4 p H i 40) 4 B 4 8 ot 8 a0 8 3 5 2014 5 2oHt ji 20) d 4 ty Ef vf PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION O% MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 18 20 25 30 38 40 45 60 66 60 an 10 15 20 28 30 35 40 43 50 85 60° 10 13 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 88 100(— = g 100 80 f on = 2 ad g 00 i a & go ; g e0 H 80} A 70) H. 28 ol! ef Tol— 8 ott se oh ce 4 ai 364 rH “lt 365 AS “Th 366 a {hi st a ie at nal 5 ache sh 3b 3 20) Hi 2a fi 2 oa E, ! ’ f f g Cuarts D 361 to D 364.—Velocity-Reactions of the Starches of Lilium tenuifolium ( ----- ), Lilium martagon album (-.-----), and Lilium golden gleam ( 361. With Chloral Hydrate. 362. With Chromic Acid. ). 363. With Sodium Salicylate. 364. With Barium Chloride. Cuarts D 365 and D 366.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starches of Lilium tenuifolium and L. golden gleam. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. 237 *‘ PERIOD OF BRACTION I MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. es B10 18 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 6&5 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 66 wee — = 100) 7 100 T Jo----t-7 | 1 = 20 7, oe ee 25 y Mua Ah = oa ag —— —_ OA Tie haresaeee= Vv je f je Pe me es sold : iAz 4 wi 367 4 ; 368 a iV 369 50 f 60h 60l—y a] 2 a H a t He B aor Fy 40-4 : i 8 acltt 8 otf it 5 20 of ji 20) 5 20 a é e of PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 8 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 65 60 10_158_ 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 66 60 10_15_20_25 30 35 40 45 50 55 100} Ce eS > a a a 18 a ee a 90) 90) 4 on il 80 i I: Ve" 4 7, f j an 70}—-+ To a co-Hit ; wot i VI 370 4 Fy 371 Z 372 6 6 Balt d alg : ® olf! > alt ‘ 8 B oof / bay k El E, Cuarts D 367 to D 372.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Liliwm chalcedonicum (----- ), Lilium candidum (-5++- ), and Lilium testaceum ( ye 367. With Chloral Hydrate. 369. With Pyrogallic Acid. 371. With Cobalt Nitrate. 368. With Chromio Acid. 370. With Sodium Salicylate. 372. With Barium Chloride. * PERIOD OF REACTION (8 MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IW MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 86 60 10 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 66 60 100) ae oe 5 wor~ TT oe= Lh baie ap ee ee ee ‘io ee ne el i | oof ft Lat ° 7 a” ¢ [ 80 Ae f 80 ad aol ee 7 q 70 At | 70 1 H LT | y o ° A PA i 60) o | 6 6 y” ; 373 | 374 375 . 60 6 og { 6 | 2 4 i 40 4 2 T | 8 8 50] 8 3 5 2 i aol § 20 E rt) a 10) E 10) PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIGD OF REACTION I MINUTER PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 43 60 58 60 ; 10 16 20 26 30 395 40 5065 oe 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 65 60 100) > 90 4 soli. — 80) | Ee; ! eol—t a 8 ad 7ol-f ra | d 7H! 60-FF 60 60 0 sol lt 376 Bao | 377 i = 378 B a B «ore A 40) 8's, 3 30 8 a0 a 20 5 20) 5 20 Eh t, f “of 10) Cuarts D 373 To D 378.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Lilium pardalinum (ee ), Lilium parryi (-..-.--), and Lilium burbanki ae 373. With Chloral Hydrate. 375. With Pyrogallic Acid. 377. With Cobalt Nitrate. 374, With Chromic Acid. 376. With Sodium Salicylate. 378. With Mercurie Chloride. 238 PERIOD OF KEACTION IN MINUTES DERIOD OF REACTION I MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTER 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 60 100) 100) — =“ 100) 90 | al a os oe aa E : pre aT] [ { yo" é Se ae OE oe to ong lo oe a - J J rot | thet i rot _| | je ? 2 fh at a ”" vA a-* om r OY 7, ac WI Jk é sot | AV 380 i ie : 381 4 WZ doe ey 4 ae 4 Bs Me 5 f 5 aol Bad 5 ad Af B af 2 5 20} 20-# f va A f l 4 £ va oy 10-4 PERIOD OF REACTION UV IMINSTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 1oory 100 g0 += 60) i! 80) = pe ay ee ne jo---4 Hi = aeePo4 é 80) = <= = H sort F 80) wr, > a . 4 f 90) 7 or | B80) ie --"|" 80) ob ao) wel — | AT 70 g YA g 70 80] Fad 60 60 a 385 i so llk~ 386 4 387 60 P 60 F F H a 3 Bort B 40 3 B yg j aor 3 3 fi 20 20) 5 20) E 10 i 10) a 1‘ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 556 10 15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50_ 65 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 65.60 100) Tledebh kolo Tk tote 100, = 100 . 80 90! Sop oe oh CS all 80) a sola 80 70 g 70 70 oe as ° 3 cc} — | - 8 60 0 8 60 at Lal 388 2 eh 389 a. yy TA 4--F 34 pte d 3 i 7 a LZ a 40) a ; £ 40 ZA 85 5 a0 8 Ad ] 2 =S to. f 6 H 4 v] P20 R 10 ee et "t a ott é apes et Se ee “ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 is 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘9 10_1§ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 100) , 4 |T TO YUU ne Ps a z i 7 4 392 f 80 80 co) A 70 FH a7 se Dl 70 | i g nil FI 7 8 col 60) : Lees 5 a 391 / oe 4 393 5 sol-4 & 60 —aal- B 50) ae 2 f 3 / - eae FI ae B aoe 3 1 Te ; 3 ea $ Y. S 30 zx 8g pa a -"" ff ‘7 a Lo ee ee 5 Bad LE Bad 44a pat eopasoot s " e 10) f AeA 0} 1 "2 F Cuarts D 379 To D 393.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris iberica (----- ), Iris trojana (-..-..-), and Iris ismali ( ). 379. With Chloral Hydrate. 384, With Hydrochloric Acid. 389. With Sodium Hydroxide. 380. With Chromic Acid, 385. With Potassium Hydroxide. 390. With Sodium Sulphide. 381. With Pyrogallic Acid. 386. With Potassium Iodide. 391. With Sodium Salicylate. 382. With Nitric Acid. 387. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 392. With Calcium Nitrate. 383. With Sulphuric Acid. 388. With Potassium Sulphide. 393. With Uranium Nitrate. 239 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTER PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINOTER ‘oor 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 -_ B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 90) 80 90) 4 a =r 60 H = — —° | gern rT 2 ie atl. ail 4 70) 4 70) 4 Cites i : J LA d d : 8 LA G He B 60 Le [+ 7 be — “4-4 d 6c (Br A0a 5 ad 39. B 60 A Adee i LARA 2 i A : Bi 7) 5 P rd ni is 394 8 3 3 Le : yy 5 2 P BZ A 2 7 H 2 F 2 5 > "Y ae YY PERIOD O¥ REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION (N MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘ot 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 _§5 60 io 40_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 100 5_ 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 46 &0_ 85 60 f =] 397 g : i i ee = = FI 7 g 70 8 6 ce a el 5 a 3 6 i. 2Lt Let z, 398 d . 399 Z /L- WA 3 3 = os Bad tLe 5 8 Dai bt § i. Eoalh -b-t-7 (VK FI f 57an= ey i erie =" ; 42) ——— I Cuarts D 394 to D 399.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris iberica (----- ), Iris trojana (-..-.-), and Iris ismali ( . 394, With Strontium Nitrate. 396. With Copper Nitrate. 398. With Barium Chloride. 395. With Cobalt Nitrate. 397. With Cupric Chloride, 399, With Mercuric Chloride. PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. i 015 20 25 30 35 40 45 6065 60 = JO_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 $0 58 6¢ 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 55 = u 90) 90) — eee a 60 _+ [ : f i fa? é 80 Pe =e oe a 4 ae ed q 7 F +6 f 17 F| a ls -| Bg 40 ne ocorsfes S / ra 7 : Lo — | ot ee e 80] A | est" I y = B 5 we : : J Pn 401 FA | iy 02 : Lt = 2 AG; FI qj? | 402 - | f he") LH B 40 B 40 | / eo 3 7 . 3 3 f 8 ie if ~~ rd 30) Umu a a E aod Lf 5 ed Wy bl A Ae >" * 101 By iF PERIOD OF REACTION (8 MUVUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES. ‘ 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 68 €0 100 $0_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100 015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 > = “J D > —— : sia re | 80 er =| 80 eo pe ee ee Ce ee Let a VA = =| : 4 | nee eo is Aacr 403 405 6 8 2 ied PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED, a @ oa. 98 =. PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a t=] PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. Se AY AN ¥ = f Sc “J =. F i ss Cuarts D 400 to D 405.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris iberica (----- ), Iris cengialti (-..-..-), and Tris dorak )e 400. With Chloral Hydrate. 402. With Pyrogallic Acid. 404. With Sulphuric Acid. 401, With Chromic Acid. 403. With Nitric Acid. 405. With Hydrochloric Acid. PERIOD OF SEACTION OF MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES i 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 43 60 55 60 ns 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 too —S-—19-18_-20_28_30 38 40 45 80_58 60 Pe . 90 ee =F = . 80) a pata $0) : ‘i aa E 80 x) See ames a ee é 80 Pf, B 17" ay. ote" E H J volt} g 70 ort a 70h ff a H i Lie B : 60) 8 60 ¥ 60 HH a ad aot 408 4 st 406 z st 1 407 Bad 3 ao 3 4or-fé 5 aol 8 ad 5 39 f 5 30 5 20! 5 20! 20) g 10 é f | PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MUNUTES. _ ie 10 15 20 25 30 38 40 45 50 68 60 es J0_15 20 25 30 38 40 45 50_§5 80 1007 —° 1015-20 28 30 35 40_48 60_ 66 60 90 90] bas r:Te) f é OTe f 80 80} 80 ee a 411 i eal F| 70 7 ye Cc je ail 409 410 Z id Led=-P-7 © 60 © so 8 es aes a A 4 B 40 F 40+ fy 2 40) FH; Ls » 1 8 44 5 3 j 30) 4 § 3 T r¢ ‘ 2 20} H 2 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. A = PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 _15_ 20 26 30 35 40 48 50 58 60 . 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 100 100} 100 : , 413 4 J A 70 A th a7 FI 70 a, 5 ee 414 4 A 412 Z ee ase i : : sort 60 + = . 60 a > a ty 5 40 ll é kk ’ a p | — = Thon 8 30 Hy 8 3 4 8 3 La : Pe ee ie 7 — PAL oba+=4 5 20) 5 2 mA 5 2 be - = 1 a * Ar ee 2a “A not PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, o ene ee ee ae ee toop—S—10-15_20_25 30 35 40 45 50_55 8 © \o9-—2—10_-15_20_25 30 35 40 45 60 55.6 90) 90 80) | E ie fale i fo. :” g 1 417 ge i i 416 i : = 5 60 4 60 FY 8 3 ‘ be p 40 a Ae 8 3 j ae 4 o a i 20) F 2 i 20] to é 10 10 zi dan be epese * 19 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ° P2RIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘a0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 60 00) 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 40 . 90 i 90 20) ! 70 hdl [in as = att ig = ae a eu 419 a herr y, 471 & 50 f= 420 | J\-4 |? 2 4 : a B i a0 y 7 5 gt tL Ael | 3 30 8 ad haar, 5: ES ae i ae i E r £-7 ! | El-p. is Cuarts D 406 to D 420.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris iberica (----- ), Iris cengialti (-..-..-), and Iris dorak ( ). 406. With Potassium Hydroxide. 411. With Sodium Sulphide. 416. With Cobalt Nitrate. 407. With Potassium Iovide. 412. With Sodium Salfeylate. 417. With Copper Nitrate. 408. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 413. With Calcium Nitrate. 418. With Cupric Chloride. -409. With Potassium Sulphide. 414, With Uranium Nitrate. 419. With Barium Chloride. 410. With Sodium Hydroxide. 415. With Strontium Nitrate. 420.‘ With Mercuric Chloride. 241 PER CENT OP TOTAL STARCH OBLATINIZED, PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH OBLATINIZED. PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH OBLATINIZED. PERIOD OF BRACTION IN MINUTES. | PERIOD OF PEACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 100 0,18. 20 25 3540 48 60 _ 85 80 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 654 60 10_15 20 25 30 65 40 45 50 65 60 100, 100) | ammo = 90) L 90 ase . 90 = < AK re ae c) ars 80 ALE 80 ot “5 oy Lp d 4 Gi 4 Lr] i a 70) 7 70 1 Pu py = o eg Yy o chad LH P u-b-4 | f Be eo - Po H 60 f4 7 B 60 AL iS /} “7 “f 4 i” to tT E 69 4+ 80 “A I: Pea Fy f\f | 422 3 rYV 4 ae g os y / 8 40 th 0} ‘fA 5 a s ee A ¢ wi ¥ Fe ph Bot LY eT [| F717 _423 2044 2 7 & 20 i r We FI 7, NN 10) 10> 10 - is PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION BY MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 6 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 46 60 55 60 100 \ 100) 100 01 L 80 80 == edocs al Jester | BO yr «a 70 me Yn H 70 q Lc) 3 cc] 7 geo gt 6 & 59) #25 2 soft wl raat Aw fat 426 40] ~ A ee 30) 2 30 2 30 otf B ag B a i i f oy PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘eo 110 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 5360 . 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 585 60 100 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 80 100} aie Laie (amma! Real 9 La=-=—4 80 = . 90 mr Pn ee th coz an bee — EL eke i ere COC (SO r. i —_ — 4 r rol ff ct re a 1 F i { H 70 boy gq 70-4 a As H 60) 8 t 8 60 cI ee FI iy 429 60 & so-—4 “a 60 427 2 ie 428 2 2 40 B 4 8 ik 8 30F 30 3 h E aol th § 20H 207 t 2 10) a iT 10} = PERIOD OF REACTION OY MINUTES. 5 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 40 45 50 65 60 to 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 ‘06 10_j5_ 20 25 30 35 ls ie. 100 - ca se me 60 08 ns 201 E 90) PX i P 80) Pr ! 8 Ae 5 Re E 432 7 P| 70+-—+# A a ° q ° “47 2 al 60 & 60 st == 430 i ia 431 z i ee oe 2 | 2 a Lt 8 40 i 5 ‘L Le LI & 40) 7 8 JQ) 5 18) Hi aa 3 7 e i E ao Lt et 2 20) % 20) op 1 ee ee ae * oe —— ae = PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. OD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 68 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1016 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 100) LL? 100) 100} , op oP Pe ae —T ry - 80) 90) sd ies f 7 B eo “| ft H 434 : 70} i? a7 lesbos a7 60}-fr ty } 60 s =5° = 8 60 LL | 433 E sol eo et =] FI PA 43 «sf ma payer fe I be Kk | be 30) f] 2 30 7 S 39 20) H 20F LL E 20 a Es a bast * 10) ake Cuarts D421 ro D435.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris cengialti (----- ), Iris pallida queen of may (-+.-+-), and Iris mrs. alan grey ( ). 421. With Chloral Hydrate. 426. With Hydrochloric Acid. 431. With Sodium Hydroxide. 422. With Chromic Acid. 427. With Potassium Hydroxide. 432. With Sodium Sulphide. 423. With Pyrogallic Acid. 428. With Potassium Iodide. 433. With Sodium Salicylate. 424, With Nitric Acid. 429. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 434. With Calcium Nitrate. 425, With Sulphuric Acid. 430. With Potassium Sulphide. 435. With Uranium Nitrate. 16 242 PERIOD OF REACTION tf MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45.50 65 60 1007-21215 -20_28_30_35° 40 45 50_55 60 Yo_18 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100) 100) 90) + 90 7 . 90 B0| 436 -T77] 80 a b= i 70 == d 70 d 70 ° > op on ° H pa et” = a a : aa 438 "| rt = E 60 AL let Lt 437 Es 4o-t"" ry = 7 * a ie pe =a 2 3 bel [ole 5 40 TH 2 E TL eS ww |A ad < 4h") " — Bad 1 b Gt er Eid ea A BP iL tt rT) ' = oe PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF BRACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ian 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘eo 10_18 20 26 30 35 40 46 60 65 60 ia 10, 15_20 25 30 35 40 45. 60_55_80 90] [ 80 ry ai rad ecpsted 8, 5 0} t==F 60 80 6 0 oe os ' 5 440 [rt 50 441 a — d ‘a OO ee ee ae § F | 0 ” 8 50 AG 5 5 Foam FE: . £ p'27] VA FI Lease ae ot 1 P26 10} 1 SE a a soe om | nent x Cuarts D 436 To D 441.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris cengialtt ( ----- ), Iris pallida queen of may (----- ), and Iris mrs. alan grey ( ). 436. With Strontium Nitrate. 438. With Copper Nitrate. 440. With Barium Chloride. 437. With Cobalt Nitrate. 439. With Cupric Chloride. 441. With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ¢ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF BRACTION OF MINUTES. 100 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 = 100) ——y rs Se ae i f e0) ol = aq a0) id 6 ee £. q 70 g 70 ft d 70 -. B eo 60 60 a 442 af 443 aT 44d 3 FI i] 2 1] g 4 5 i it 2 40) : el = 5 ad Wy 5 30 : i, L == 6 coe ee E oo f ia q o ‘ = £ 10] Sal £ 10] Y é 10) PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PEREIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 460) 0 8 20__28,.30 35_40_ 45 50_ 55 60 jai 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘00 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 _ 55 60 sol eee sol kd! 80 Bd ] ir i 80) L. é ao] é Bot; Z 70-4 J 7d a7 B 60 3 60) a 448 i | 446 : 2 447 i q so 3 B40 8 40) B 40 5 a0 3 a i 20 i 20 5 20 i i a F g 1 Cuarts D 442 to D 447.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris persica var. purpurea (----- ), Iris sindjarensis (-..-.+-), and Iris pursind ). 442. With Chloral Hydrate. 444, With Pyrogallic Acid. 446. With Sulphuric Acid. 443. With Chromic Acid. 445. With Nitric Acid. 447. With Hydrochloric Acid. 243 PERIOD OF REACTION Ot MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION EN MESUTES. S10 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 55 80 8 10 15 20 28 30 38 40 45 60 85 60 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 109) 100 rr 100 bo Ae 60 = 80 by7 80) 80) 80 70} j Tol d 70 : ae a 60) 0) F] 450 : 60 i 448 i self #49 5 50 Elf ds d a 5 ah B ay 5 a t i 20 i 20] 2 f 10 i to 10) PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 4 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 65 60 015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 100) room = 90) 90! : ei g 7 a 60 8 60 3 3 Ee 451 B oo 452 Z 453 q Ea — =. B a0 s 8 3 ee 8 30) 8 5 2-5 =e =-=4 Ei a é a wh a= — ; é 1 id PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ; PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 28 30 35 40 45 50 §5 60 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100 100 = eS e= eo . sh hat: ae q ‘A VslA é ‘ A: ra “7 7 rie 4 70 : Jr ; 4 oO “A tl ° 60 PA Be : g i ue 454 F / 455 F 456 KI 2 RY a f ft 3 p 40 a 2 40> 7 2 » a 4 : = co 3 +f a a 5 Bao ff B aol 5 E of 101f é PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IK ‘MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 1015 20 265 30 35 40 45 50_ $5 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100; ~ om 100 100 =. 90 90) 80 > sx Hy "7, A 70) 4 70 | yi 5 tf a 458 7 0 5 60) 5 H) | é ra ys 457 FI - =) é 459 rT =] == 40-—ft-+ 27] = 2 Hy 2 40 7 ar 2 © 30 U o x - a es c) d 2 it 2 AA 5 i of aA é PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 p 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 O 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 80 100 ee 100 100 Jaclece ce ent 80 80 a Cie 4\ or £ Aa4j=4 e0 : 80) zB 80 af dof LVS j i i g? aN a 70 7 se H 70 f, 5 sol Vs 360 5 60 aes] & sop hae 3 I / F | 4 pba te tes F 8 aor 8 40 = 4+ 40 7 5 29 8 4 eT 8 fi eh P . Vi ied Lo 5 id a i / Leto t ma ® 19 fi 10 a f of Cuarts D 448 to D 462.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Iris persica var. purpurea (----- ), Iris sindjarensi (-..-..-), and Iris pursind ( ). 448, With Potassium Hydroxide. 453. With Sodium Sulphide. 458. With Cobalt Nitrate. 449, With Potassium Iodide. 454. With Sodium Salicylate. 459. With Copper Nitrate. 450. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 455. With Calcium Nitrate. 460. With Cupric Chloride. 451, With Potassium Sulphide. 456. With Uranium Nitrate. 461. With Barium Chloride. 452. With Sodium Hydroxide. 457, With Strontium Nitrate. 462. With Mercuric Chloride. 244 wvERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 158 20 26 30 38 40 48 60 65 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55-60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100; 100 Cr er 100 oper —— «ee 80 90 y, al =a = F f inl f ‘i de eee ‘ : —-F 7 o a J 7 a7 AVAG J 70 a ° 7 7 | a 463 be 1, s c 7 f i 8 Ba rer ok ae eel a Bs ; Z 464 B s ; #65 F| LT bt a q : 1 | z , : vi at aa . i VA, : { —— aa 7 Ba LA j Vy B aol! k 10} iy £ Ve? f A - =355f=5 , Zz " (gee 2 | ef Lar ! PERIOD OF REACTION IY MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. i PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 _35 40 45 50_55 60 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100 5_10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 80 100; 100; = a col_| 4 _ 20 | He ic CEE 60 B 80 a= ar dt ie ml : 3 6ol—t g a ame 4 466 a a 467 z. Z 468 Le" 8 5 2 Y a 8 8 3 soft wy | mn Pe) oo" LT 5 E aol B aff = Le oo enh neal . Pa "| g ee ee g 10 — oT ft _t-4-4— == PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 106) 100 ‘i . 100 T | | | LJ:1-2-F-F 4 fi eee # OE BEE a= 1 A, a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-55 @0 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 }0_15_20 25 30 38 40 45 60 68 60 100) 100} 100 f 80 5 80} 80! 5 J 70 a 7 ce q a9 3 2 60 A iat 56 P cael 3 472 zi. 473, | A" | 474 r Fl q =¢ 3 7 p % 2 a = at £ aed ~*~ 8 s 5 30) — = 5 30) cal 5 H D cael Lear k Pa +4 p 2 4 2 Hj ~b-b- Fi 2 LE ae es i i 1 ZS] PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. x PERIOD OF REACT.ON IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 7 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 88 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60_ 85 100 Be ee ee 100 Tota Tp Eo oh ob ok ood 109 3) tT” _ -—} \. 7 > 80 30 f 8 tel oo é Pe i 80) 70! Fa sal g Zeavad a 70 : 70 S 8 60 6 i Saw, 475 3 476 3 477 i 60 5 2 i V : é la it e 40 2 40) 7 S 30+ 8 8 y B eo 5 E 7 207-7 8 2 8 20h-= a ot § ‘i Lato | ie ES ca = Cuarts D463 to D477.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Gladiolus cardinalis ( ----- ), Gladiolus tristis (--.----), and Gladiolus colvillet ( ). 463. With Chloral Hydrate. 468. With Hydrochloric Acid. 473. With Sodium Hydroxide. 464. With Chromic Acid. 469. With Potassium Hydroxide. 474, With Sodium Sulphide. 465. With coms ice Acid. 470. With Potassium Iodide. 475, With Sodium Salicylate. 466. With Nitric Acid 471. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 476, With Calcium Nitrate. 467. With Sulphuric Acid. 472. With Potassium Sulphide. 477. With Uranium Nitrate. 245 PERIOD OF REACTION [8 SINUTEA . PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MOTUTES. ® 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 585 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 6&5 60 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100, 100 100 ; ee aetna B ah f i. | oe j mi a 70 o cy § 60) 8 60 4 478 Fi 479 FI 480 6 4 6 : 50 i . od me B 40) R a0 5 a fe 2 fa ie ae eae ; 30) : 30 2 > a Bs ae a a 2 2 Bd pte ao : i : a oe ; Le heme rh Ep t+ — — =f= PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_ 55 80 015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100) ‘nl 100 | (a ee GREE Ta ET A 100 T LT Tf 1). TdT . 90) 90 60] . : (< in in jr 8 60 6 8 60) Z 60] 281 i 50; #82, é 50) 83 2 2 8 40) 2 40) § 40 5 30; ; 3 ; 3a a 1Q) ——* a uM g Wi —— ; op a ne oe ees Ce oe = ie pene) (SS ee Let aE EEE SES Cuarts D 478 to D 483.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Gladiolus cardinalis (----- ), Gladiolus tristis (-------), and Gladiolus colvillei ( ). 478. With Strontium Nitrate. 480. With Copper Nitrate. 482. With Barium Chloride. 479. With Cobalt Nitrate. 481. With Cupric Chloride. 483. With Mercuric Chloride. WEXIOD OF REACTION EN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION OS MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES. y 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55,80 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 100) TO 7S Soe 100) [4 90 Lh] 80) | ae in ae a, y/ at é a 486 let | LU a iE 8 7 7 ra 1 H 7 4 A a 70 < a 484 ee ioe oem a / Ye" . “7 | oe oe al ae ry ° ge LT ae 5 “be & a, v 5 50) tA > 4 Pee ay S| VY 3 / te" : F. 7 7 g i i A 7 g 3 q a a 4 3 30 © 30 7 a i A AL § V |-7 | 488 5 4 7 2 7 2 a 20+ =I tLe # Wr tL = \ >” i 7 lo-F7y—-Le FZ, 4 Y & PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. -6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40.48 50 65 60 § 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 S10 15 20 25 _ 30 35 40 45 50 _55 60 rT TT. 100r Fj 7 | q--p t= $0 90|}—4 90) ee — = f 80 é ee 4 sol te) et] wet ine — 5 487 a l--" 17 = qa 3 7 Be —— 8 co on isal F| | a 488 2 14 489 5 5 te & 50 3 60) da V | -4 Ba 2 sold! 5 V4 aa 3 8 ! 74 30 aor Pepi - bolt tz fi i of Cuarts D484 to D 489.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Tritonia pottsti (----- ), Tritonia crocosmia aurea (-..-.-), and Tritonia crocosmefiora ( ) 484. With Chloral Hydrate. 486. With Pyrogallic Acid. 488. With Sulphuric Acid. 485. With Chromic Acid. 487. With Nitric Acid. 489. With Hydrochloric Acid. 246 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MUFUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION DI MINUTES. a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 6 40_15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 55 60 B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 | 100; 100, 90) 90 $0 ‘aa é ¥ i i Sali a i V4 —— 70 q a0 F aa Wa aT . Be 491 | aa rT 7) 60 = i - de ee a ar ee Pad (7 é 1 § a lp a 2 Bs -4-"4 3 Pe cal 5 std TT" 24 ate / § LL A 70 — Ps if Z B 495 = F ; 493 4 q eS SS oe : b-4= oe 7 ‘a a Ga ae Eo 7 “A 8 3 8 3 | 3 8 "i Z Aw, al 5 Bee 494 E a = 2 204 20-—+ = / aA od i ae 7 £ uA et -=b-4— Le PERIOD OF REACTION Of MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. Zz PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5b 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 > 100 100) snes SR GENS ae (ES eS TE RE . 90 2 e= 80) ea ‘ Y, Vv é e : ad WA 7 80 8 vt “4 " PA g Y 7 | d ia a 70) g 60—7 ; g : g - 5 él / 496 , 497 FI 498; 50 ry 60 50) ata FI Fl B 40 y B 40 8 40 8 a0 ; 5 a0 5 a0 ete eae Es R 10 & 1 panes § ; eeot \éE-4 on ==: PERIOD OF REACTION ON MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_ 55 60 100; 100 rrerptrtyttitity 100 90] i 90) 90) g 70 d F| 7 i . oy 501 Ba 499 a al Bs 500 :. LG a Lact fest tt Ba 3 $ d- T s 3 8 3 = os 30 Ze ae A 5 _L-4--F-T fl ZC) a4 2 £ ; eee ter f aa 1 Zz = = al ee ee Cea a Za | PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 100) a ee | 100) 100; a0 - 80 9a ns a7 d 60 8 6 8 60 502: FI 503 a 504 5 © 50 S 6 Fl 2 B 0 g = = q ° o 3 3 i B B : : q--b-J--=3 z ob B pek a eee 4 =$> Fake oe ee Cuarts D490 ro D 504.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Tritonia pottsii (----- ), Tritonia crocosmia aurea (-..-.-), and Tritonia crocosmefira (. ). 490. With Potassium Hydroxide. 495. With Sodium Sulphide. 500. With Cobalt Nitrate. 491. With Potassium Iodide. 496. With Sodium Salicylate. 501. With Copper Nitrate. 492. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 497. With Calcium Nitrate. 502. With Cupric Chloride. 493. With Potassium Sulphide. 498. With Uranium Nitrate 503. With Barium Chloride. 494. With Sodium Hydroxide. 499. With Strontium Nitrate. 504. With Mercuric Chloride. 247 PERIOD OB REACTION IN MINUTES. PEROD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 100 fo _ 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 56 6 100 4 —L-F-4 col eA A * 47 L 20) apes" / e b= oa [ eot—} i f co via aa @0 o e y - Vy dro y d 7ol4 VA zZ dy A 7 | BE i } 7 ° 7 Lt sont q 60 g 3 eal ‘ 0) IF as B 60 i VA va & sos VA x 3 7 3 1 i arin B 40] } p 4ot-+ rm eli Br acl Z B att A507 . ) 7 T 5 Et ? 506 ae 201% ott ; 2074 a f 10) E / H 7A ‘ 7 bi ‘4 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. P@RIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ee 1o_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 0 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 loog—P— 12-15-2025 30 35 40 45 60_88 60 3 ad — 90) uaa é = + 90) i y, i Lt f a0} 80 aa 80 f if be ae ee } d 7 aa’ at Prof : oe C m 2 } -b Bo, 509 fA 510 4 | f 2 i 2 LL. E " iy 508 E on 7 . 40) Ht . B ad L L 8 5 2-7 : 207-7 ‘ 2 Wor oY 1 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION ON MINUTES. 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 510 15 20 28 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 < 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100, C_ 100 oon 90] 90 f 60 0 ai Eso 12 d 513 i 6 & 50) & 50) a 3 2 Fy mm § 40) pg 40) 8 3 5 30) ° 30 k 3 E 20] 5 2 ‘ 20 g \ == a 1 : le PERIOD OF REACTION Of MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. B 10 15 620 «625 = 630 35 40 45 50 458 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 66 6 worA—T TT 100 — 100 . 80 ' soll 4 60 0 t H aot! fi q cold q oR 5 Let | d 70 i rn FI 10 + -4 a9 0 g — 4 514 a 515 FI 7 516 & & 50) 5 50) 3 4 2 Ad : B «0 Bort tw 8 oi a S g 30f-f 5 ce) As B aol R, pm oa f am | —o 1 oe PERIOD OF QEACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES. too S018 -20_25_30_35 40 45 50_55 80 ee p—le_20_25 30 35 40 45 50_§5 09 soot P—12-15--20_25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 a cola alt F eo Boldly B oll 1 R | 70 a 70) A roll. 9 o fq; 9 u : 80 7 sottt! & eolf q 20 5 as 517] a lf! 518 a ty 519 cl ici 40) 40+ 40 3 = (fl = tl 3 2 30 2 30 | Ban Ba B a9 F, i ft i 10) ae a Cuarts D 505 To D 507, D 509 To D 519.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Begonia single crimson scarlet (eeeee ) Begonia socotrana (-..-..-), and Begonia mrs. heal ( )e 505. With Chloral Hydrate. 511. With Hydrochloric Acid. 516. With Sodium Hydroxide. 506. With Chromic Acid. 512. With Potassium Hydroxide. 517. With Sodium Sulphide. 507. With Pyrogallic Acid. 513. With Potassium Iodide. 518. With Sodium Salicylate. 509. With Nitric Acid. — 514. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 519. With Calcium Nitrate. 510. With Sulphuric Acid. 515. With Potassium Sulphide. Cuart D 508.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Begonia single crimson scarlet. Percentage of entire number of grains ( ----- ) and total starch ( ) gelatinized. PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MOTUTES. ‘PABLO OW REACTION IM: MINUTES: PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 100; Ao ae a ee cl 100 100, 60) ‘ 90) 0 Pe ek eee o é rye} | f ac apee rte} id 80 80 rT a4 ' f 40 qd? q 70 4 / ah ; ‘iz E60 F 0 + | T I é i 520 t A é. ‘ 522, BC & 60 : t A 40 3 4 521 2 ! 40) - t “2 8 5 f ® aot aa 30) 30 i aa ia aa ae 5 ra ki f 4 : a al 207 aU > t 7 a 1 or > wal 4 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINOTES. PERIOD GF RRACTION Of LOWUTER, PERIOD OP REACTION IN MIVUTEA 7 10 168 20 25 30 10 15 20 26 100 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 50 68 60 100 5. 10 15 20 25 30 35 __40_48 £0 65 60 ey = 100) pal aa aA 3a 60 - / 80 80 r od [ a H na 525. d rol! aa q 70 | 70 g 70 L-b-4--b=4==F44e H j= a 8 , a 60 60) 60) 7 q 523 4 524 a / a 74 é & 8 { a. ‘i : Fi a al Va : 2 F Hl 5 40 z 4 x 3 sot / 526 8 20 2 30) a 7 F H - :: pane: i} a a a 4 —} woh 1 1 pus Cuarts D 520 to D 526.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Begonia single crimson scarlet (----- ), Begonia socotrana (-..-..-), and Begonia mrs. heal ( ). 520. With Uranium Nitrate. 522. With Cobalt Nitrate. 524. With Cuprio Chloride. 521. With Strontium Nitrate. 523. With Copper Nitrate. 525. With Barium Chloride. 526. With Mercurio Chloride. PEQIOD OF BRACTION Of MINUTES. PERIOD OF RECTION IY MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION [8 MINUTES. 10.15.20 25 30 35 40 48 60 68 60 $0_15_ 20 25 30_35 40 45 60 58 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 80 t00 109) 100 TTT CT [.J__L-4--f-4 sot 1 AA 7 Fs naa we 7 4° y am j Pd mH fl 2 2 si aa y as aay A lo? ane any, 7 aE: = 60 60 e oy 527 we! i nd AeT sol-fe+} Ss 7 as ; ad i y 7 : g 7 4 8 soled 8 £ 8 s on got y 528 5 T 529 2017 Fi 2 7 20-7 i 10h 10) f 10 L PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 46 60 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 66 60 to 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 100) = 100) cineca ree 100; ; AEE Gal Saal GG (Ga (GE Sea) en | B66 a 80 Lee 80) a ad “| é 20) > ca é i = a ; $F F 70 f d 70 + g7 Le {peur ABR ay pC : : 530 {4 Esa B sol ea A cf fo P LY 2 mE 531 2 all . 532 E 5 / / re i a] f ig 3 V jf © 30 f 8 30) 7 5 ze Zé Be A 5 20 +4 Z E.. Hi EA ! VIL Cuarts D 527 to D 529, D 531, D 532.—Velocity-Reactions of the Starches of Begonia double light rose ( ----- ), Begonia socotrana (-..-..-), and Begonia ensign (. ) 527. With Chloral Hydrate. 529. With Pyrogallic Acid. 531. With Nitric Acid. 528. With Chromic Acid. 532. With Strontium Nitrate. Cuart D 530.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Begonia double light rose. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and of total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINGTES B10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 656 60 PERIOD OF REACTION IS MINUTES. 249 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. v 10 15. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 =a | 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 80 55 60 100) 5 100 ; 190 =r tet | te Ce 7 +Y bi pT ec fe d Bec ' 4 f b = "| 4 i c 31 a 70} —} d 7o}4 4 70 a a 7 7 4 at HAE 533 a salt / i “Ay 53 ARR | 3 7 H Bot B a0 fat A 3 sot fi 8 a0 / 5 att la “4 ‘ g 20 fl § 20 y 534 fi 4 a a 10) g 10 "4 a 1olr PERIOD OF REACTION M MINUTES, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 80 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 85 60 : 100 paw soar ae 100 20 80 ae oolt g PA f = Pr atl d soll a 44°54 : ; a 7 r i é To te d i ; g 4 4 SE eo | A g 6 - B 6 fan FH | Fa é , y z ef y, eee 536 > : / 537 | Y [ 538 all 7 es 7 : + = 8 30) 7 8 30 L cet 5 ad / 5. L Ef el is £ ig Cuarts D 533 To D 535, D 537, D 538.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Begonia double white ( ----- ), Begonia socotrana (-..-..-),and Begonia julius ( 533, With Chloral Hydrate. 534. With Chromic Acid. 535, With Pyrogallic Acid. ). 537. With Nitric Acid. 538. With Strontium Nitrate. Cuart D 536.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Begonia double white. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and total starch ( WERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 8 to9 100) Ly ee ee ee ee ee | = == gi 5 7 aa fez -4 80! = r= =a rs as go if o é aa IA A é . A i pelt E We: Gy ia ue q 70 A rol fe 7 d 70) 1 ] en 7 fi q 6 B 60 - g eo r : 2 / 539 5 y 2 Ty 541 6 & 650 : 60 + 2 i ay 7 2 yi § 40 5 ad @ 40—-+ 8 x A 5 3 i # 5 aot tH 5 alll Balt j 54 B aol fA 20 F i f R 10) é lb. £ * 10) V ie PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION UY MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MONUTES. oe 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 40 ‘ais 1015 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 55 60 ies 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 $0 55 69 Sg L—-+—T_| | Ps onl Hl : . 90) = 80 § | [l= H é 80 = 80) 7 =. 80) ra = a j J rol 7 7 70 vi ay i ane aa 60) & 60 5 8 tt aa a 542 Lob-to— 3 y 543. at a 3 50 : = & 0) ~ & 60 5 : LE} 2 / 2 ‘4 544 BE s 7 irre 8 40 ; 5 40 7 -| my Za 7 5 30 S 30) é 32 L Boa 4 7; & | 20 & 204 a ? é a [ 3 a 1087 ar ae g Y i 7 CHARTS D 539 To D 541, D 543, D 544.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Begonia double deep rose (----- ), Begonia socotrana (-..-..-), and Begonia success ( 539. With Chloral Hydrate. 540, With Chromic Acid. 541. With Pyrogallic Acid. ). 543. With Nitrie Acid. 544. With Strontium Nitrate. Cuart D 542.—Velocity-Reactions of Pyrogallic Acid with the Starch of Begonia double deep rose. Percentage of entire number of grains (----- ) and total starch ( ) gelatinized. PERIOD OF REACTION OF MINUTES. a PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES. PantoD OF Reactiow IN MINUTES 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 B10 15 20 28 30 35 40 45 50 85 100) 100; ad pa soli! 60 ool [ i: é : 7 4 1 i 7 d 704 | a 8 60 ne e : Z 545 A 546 4 547 ies ed tf 2 E a0 Bao 5 8 F 30 8 5 i F 3 2 B oot 1h 2 Hy a f a : : oy : op ee es es ee PESIOD OF BRACTION OF MINUTES PRRIOD OP GRACTION IY MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. $0_15_20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 5_10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 56 60 _ 100 100 80) 90) 90 (< z 89) B04 el a 4 550 Pe os ag + d § ol eensee 60 6 - 7 Le ~~ . 4 548 Z 549 a tA LA 60 50) 60 rfl a q = on 2 a 4 B 40 = = “ § 40 g a0 7 a 8 ioe cane Eee 8 50 3 SA po A i em a OS fi § 20 Z ‘ 2 [ode F 20) F ‘ rs [ 10 10] MINUTES. OD OF REACTION ON MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. Stk ath oe a ote 0 25 30 35 40 45 30 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 10_16_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100g 1228 16g 8 100 a al ae oe 80) . 90 80) ; Tat aa B0 L is" i. f Ewan d i 70) é i! (—— 70 z ° 4 4 d 551 be 8 60 “lsd B 6 8 60 L 5 re 553 FI FI 552 Z, Wi, 6 60 1 Fy F i i B 40) e La i Pe ee 3 tt 30) 30) ; k it 5 2 at, a 20) aor "Te a4 -- f g E to} erro = 10 10) fi--F PERIOD OP REACTION DY MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION OF MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘a0 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 100 Lot a7 100) w-d--f- ‘a | i 90) 4" eal 80) i ae oo i eo d 80-4 A 80 1 = iL} / q A 7oht d 70|\-4. R | 7 1 P| f ® ! / < t B 60 | 8 6o;+ 3 60}—+ 3 C z I! 554 é H A & iso 556 3 tt : 60) i 7 562 4 : Fy Tf "4 3 [ i} ! : 5 30 sory ; aor 7 F : j 20 205 af Eo got g to 10} Tt) ai PERIOD OF REACTION (N MINUTES PERUOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION Tf MINUTES 06) 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 08) 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 400) 510 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ' eS ee is ie es es | 80) 80 80 i 80 é 80) 80 a 70 q 70 d 70) B 60 § 60 - g 60 8 557 4 558 FI 559 5 s0) 4 60 : “oF q 8 40 B 40 £ “F & 8 a0 B ao 30) j 5 § 20) 20 20 it ' a 10 t 1 Cuarts D 545 to D 559.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Richardia albo-maculata ( ----- ), Richardia elliottiana (-..-.-), and Richardia mrs. roosevelt ( oF 545. With Chloral Hydrate. 550. With Hydrochloric Acid. 555. With Pyrogallie Acid. 546. With Chromie Acid. 551. With Potassium Hydroxide. 556. With Nitric Acid. | 547. With Pyrogallic Acid. 552. With Sodium Salicylate. 557. With Sulphuric Acid. _ 548. With Nitric Acid. 553. With Chloral Hydrate. 558. With Hydrochloric Acid. 549. With Sulphuric Acid. 554. With Chromic Acid. 559. With Potassium Hydroxide. 251 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MONUTES PRRIOD OF BSACTION IS MINUTEA PERIOD OF BRACTION IN MINUTES 6 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 68 60 1018 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 66 60 610 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 95 60 100 e soon. 100 ss a / | (a ‘: (7 m/l Uj 70) d 70 o eo 60 60 661 : 5 coed 560 4 6 ; 562 Ell Bao Bao 8 a9 B sd 5 4 N } 20 i 20) ; 20 1 4 i 4 a rt) \ PERIOD OF REACTION IX MINUTES. PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 6 10 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 68 60 -6 10 18 20 28 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 . 015 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 65 100) 100; 100; Loder... : aa c— po|—4 “4 le) 7 = Hae é soll. é 80 aA 80 ' it iti4 i a 60) t G60 H EC 4 | 563 : mt 564. # col 565, 60 ies | q " i a0 2 40} 5 40 : a0 5 30h 5 30 20) 20) 20) 7 B i Cuarts D 560 to D 565.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Richardia albo-maculata ( ----- ), Richardia elliottiana (-..-.-), and Richardia mrs. roosevelt ( ). 560. With Potassium Iodide. 562. With Potassium Sulphide. 564, With Sodium Sulphide. 561. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 563. With Sodium Hydroxide. 565. With Sodium Salicylate. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MUNUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 0 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5. 80 loo 100) 7 100; 7 as ae Se ee a cae | aa : eee oe] om oh me eolt a a aa Pg ee Te é 80 ae [tT | f cot eet tT : 80 ade (Ee on Lt i jot. dot dot 3 60 ! | ee HI eof - 3 60 . on j é 5 567 é mn 568 i 40 | 2 4 B 40 8 30) y 5 30) 8 30) H i 20 E 20 E 20 an Eg E PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. , PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 60 10 15 _ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 1015) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100) =PF-4 —7 100/T ee 100r-T A - pole pL aa H ue a Bek LP Fett 22 Sro bs T = ' avs be H 4 A volt j zoll_#_A 4 rol 1H i 5 ett Feel ee § 6ot-— 6o}4 A ali 569 a oti 570 Fmt 4 571 2 ¢ i _ B Soir 5 69 fi ' "| q 5 + 4. ws jt 5 ao} 8 40) ees 5 off 8 lif 5 I Ae a F aol 4 aalh nea - ‘7 s PERIOD OF REACTION If MINUTES. PESIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100) a ae a a = eo OO . 100/-7 t ! 90) ra é 90) 7 80 ~4 E87 bp” 572 H Docdeveepepoy™ d a 4 3 #0 a = Lo B eot—t ae 2 60 5 3 ' Pe q L-"| Ao & sot © soh—y | t f a “A 573 a a B sol . t / 8 S 3 1 A 30) Bt LAA E otf ee ay NOTE YY Cuarts D 566 To D 573.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Musa arnoldiana ( ----- ), Musa gilletti (-..-..-), and Musa hybrida ( ). 566. With Calcium Nitrate. 569. With Cobalt Nitrate. 572. With Barium Chloride. 567. With Uranium Nitrate. 570. With Copper Nitrate. 573. With Merourio Chloride. 568. With Strontium Nitrate. 571. With Cupric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MIXUTSS. PERIOD OF BRACTION Df MOSUTES 10 158 20 25 30 35 40 48 80 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55,60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 8. 100; 100 = 100 7 ea} eo A> 66 nfl np f ec Bg eA 42° B so ea g 70 al 4 ret VV - 4 70 aT ar < qL/ 5 | pe -t" 6 TAs s0r—F 7 : [a “eT 3 ‘Sea 2 ; i / 575 FI sul ok de oe A : 2 a FI | y i | Vd ech iy a 574 2 ih / wel 7 8 sof YY B sof tl 5 att A. | B af & oll arAVAE 576 204 20h alt / Ey B id Ed Lay PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES.- 0 55 60 100 at Mie we eel oof 10-15-2025 30 35 40 45 60_65 60 . 90l4 f- f i 80 4 80} d q 70) g 70 3 60 60 4 2 | 578 i . 579 q 2 a 5 40 B 40 B40 4 B a9 3 ad B, 5. B ac i E, £ PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ~ 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 fois 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 6 100; —1o—18—20_28_20 35, 49 45 50 55 60 eo z ee 80) i> e0) g 70 d 70 j na A 70 ° 6 6o}—s 6 ES 580 aa ik 581 : i 582 3 50 gf. ; : i: i: 2 5 20 5 20 R ‘ f | if, PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ia 10 15 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘ios 1520 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 80 40071213228 3035 40 45 60 55 80 ot Bee 7 i so é 60 f 80} 5 q otf q 70 g 70 b 5 eo 5 60 4 60) iis i sol pa Hs 50) H aa 3 FI 40) 8 40] 3 40) : 30 5 30 8 i 2 2 5 20) g " L E a2 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1D OF HEACTION IN MINUTES 3 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MDNUTES. oe 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ‘60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 56 80 are 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 a “a4 4 ‘0 VA q 80) NMA é a0 f (A é qi £ u i 14 . , a d m f U a zo Z io i| of qe i ie e po : i ra : & 50 S & ‘sol-4 pas a 3 y & i ind 8 2 49 & 40H 5 sole 5 3 5 a0 5 ii £ 5 { 8 2d a 8 2 20 £ £ of a Cuarts D 574 To D 588.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Phaius grandifolius ( ----- Phaius wallichit (-.-+-), , and Phaius hybridus ( ). 574. With Chloral Hydrate. 579. With Hydrochloric Acid. 584. With Sodium Hydroxide. 575. With Chromic Acid. 580. With Potasssium Hydroxide. 685. With Sodium Sulphide. 576. With Pyrogallic Acid. 681. With Potassium Iodide. 586. With Sodium Salicylate. 577. With Nitric Acid. 582. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 587. With Calcium Nitrate. 578. With Sulphuric Acid. 583. With Potassium Sulphide. 588. With Uranium Nitrate. 253 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MUNUTES PERIOD OF REACTION CN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. oor —f-—10-19-20 2830 38 40 45 80 85 60 10 18 20 25 30 35 40 48 60_55.60 oor —g—10-18--20._25 30 95 40 45 $0 $5 6¢ 400 _ 80) 90 Sol po 80 ; =. ae ne aa Pa ot: = a / = 70 70 4 oI 2 591 H 589 60} z “ 590 rr [A [- PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH OFLATINIZED PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH OELATINIZED. QD NX Ny AY ‘ PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED a 3 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD HOW REM ne entar tees PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 $0.55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 g bd —-}— oo 199 6a Pe ees we eo 2 Lt —\ n . = Teboto f i Lo“ + > Cte ane a H ‘ E 80 q va o4>7 =" i YR a 7o}--$ J j 70 |” a 70 : Ha } tf 4 o 60 az 60> a § 60) 3 H : ihe’ 592 ee 593 ? 50) dak 60}-; HI B aot te i B «or | id 5 sok 8 3 E 30H i. 5. tyes f. E 10] £ i = cael a edcses a ee OS kee Cuarts D 589 To D 594.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Phaius grandifolius ( ----- Phatus wallichii (-.-----), 4 and Phaius hybridus ( ). 589. With Strontium Nitrate. 591. With Copper Nitrate. 593. With Barium Chloride. 590. With Cobalt Nitrate. 592. With Cupric Chloride. 594. With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION (8 MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MPTOTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45. 50__55 60 PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. fo 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 56 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 Sore foo oe 100 80 = Ad] cakes 0 _? o-b=9 LF é re 7 f 80) xa Ps eel a 80 = (aml 60 7 + Pid Ga a a ie 70 Mh-t- 3 tA iV 4 70 VY |e Lubtet 7, U ” q ra td e 3 a / g V4 Oe roa fe 5% 60 7 60) i 595 2 ALLY 596 cial Ah / = ; 2 [7 3 im } 597 40 2 40 i 8 / 5 a9 30r sort ki aol i 20) z é PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a oS 100 Ty | PERIOD OF REACTION DN MUYUTES. 10_15_ 20 _ 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 o © o.9° x c=} 598 a i=} = N Ss ¢ _—— PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. iGo JO_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 599 £ c NX c PER CEHT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a > PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. a =} Ss aves =e PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 42338 ish ns | 600 & w fs nN PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED a is) os 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 0 55 6 100 $015 _20 25 3035 40 45s) _8 60 Fs aad nae ole | i % Is: 7 : L f sa é H eo 36 5 A oft gd? A eae 60 g 4 601 4 si! 603 hal 3 2 qT B 40 2 2 orf a p & On 4 : cE 30 : 30} : S0nf o 20) 2 20H 4 20) 4S 10) Hy F * 10 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF PEACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_J5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 100, 100) =— 100; | iz ek ad ake geal shes fs] . 80 2 -T- a Lata r Fl te 4 ze Le 80 z 80 — a ato" A 70) F| To} H 70|+ - 9 4 °o fi x yoy rod g te goo te 2 oo 60 2 605 606 : 50) 50 & soldy 3 A 2 ott E ad 2 rH = = b © a0 3 3 © 30H B og B B 20 & 10) E ‘0 é a PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. = PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 400 arr tlyod 100 — 4 100 4 fed — = _ 90) LA Zs 90 an . 80 ole g ZG beg f Let 80) Z 80 8 2 E = 60 = a 70) d 701—Hh F 70 = eo g cole 2 col 4 607 ; 608 aa 609 : so F so} : 50 2 40 4 B 40 2 solft 3 8 : 30) <8) 30} 5 5 20 5 20 2 : “f i 7 E, Cuarts D 595 Tro D 609.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Miltonia vevillaria ( ----- ), Miltonia rewzlii (------); . With Chloral Hydrate. . With Chromic Acid. . With Pyrogallic Acid. . With Nitric Acid. . With Sulphuric Acid. ). and Miltonia bleuana ( 600. With Hydrochloric Acid. 601. With Potassium Hydroxide. 602. With Potassium Iodide. 603. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 604. With Potassium Sulphide. 605. With Sodium Hydroxide. 606. With Sodium Sulphide. 607. With Sodium Salicylate. 608. With Calcium Nitrate. 609. With Uranium Nitrate. 255 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 gO 45 50 55 60 is $10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50_65 60 100, <= be ~~} -4--f- Fate a aaa o 6a 90 = <" ot = | 7 \ & om =) > IN M > . ee s0-—ft = g é PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH OELATINIZED. 8.8 ‘Gr _ i=} PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. g — \, \ i) ' i T 1 + 1 4 t 4 + 4 PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH ORLATINIZED. § 8 a pas Nw. > mi PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF BERACTION mt MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. ‘6 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 85 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60-55 60 ‘a 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100} 80) —T 90 90) | __t-4 | H 80 == Tl [ 80 [ a T=p=47 a7] at a 70 sh Ix: i a P| 70 = 1 Tear Us re + rae 6 7 ee re B sole é as Eel 1 eT a | fil 613 Fy a | [ber 5 aot B 40 a 615 8 a - — 8 § 30) © 30 s0rqy d + f ; F mi aT th a —P: ee en ae 4 f Po ne aes a Ly 0B, 6 eee od ee Cuarts D 610 to D 615.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Miltonia vexillaria ( ----- ), Miltonia rezlit (-..-..-), and Miltonia bleuana ( ). 610. With Strontium Nitrate. 612, With Copper Nitrate. 614. With Barium Chloride. 611. With Cobalt Nitrate. 613. With Cuprie Chloride. 615. With Mercuric Chloride. FERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. §_ 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 65 60 oe Tt 100) t> tT 7) 100 sae 90r ee 80 8 soli i F HH 80 80) 70 5 sok g 70 : 70 618 = 4 616 Hl 617 fies al 50 & 50 & si 2 2 FI Va 8 40 § 40 B 40 = e a 3 20 S 8 20 - - : : : - Bt 4 E, g E EA fe) 10) i) Cuarts D 616 To D 618.—Velocity-Reactions of the Starches of Cymbidium lowianum (----- ), Cymbidium eburneum (-..--.-), and Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum ( ----- ye 616. With Chloral Hydrate. 617. With Pyrogallic Acid. 618. With Barium Chloride. 256 ER CHIT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. PERIOD OF REACTION CY sMurUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 46 60 65 fo 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 80 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 fet L vil oe eee ae --+ == bes ‘@ . 3 aa - 80 % To obo ¥ ea a y es - Lote eot-— S y, > sf lj + - 7 i ia J 7% a : i ; cy al | j " 4 coat -—- FP a E Aol E 80 + = r a Kon eae 4 70 d 70 - ea fi 7 ae" ° S LT wae 4 i) 4 60} 6 ~ i i 4 50] 50 50) : 4 522 2 623 3 YL 40 8 40 Bo a0 Wa 524 3 5 d 3 30 £30 Cm 4 il i B B oof 201 5 ; 7 s g, 10 } 7 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. panroD KEACTION IN wunvTEa. a : 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 68 60 400 - 728 100) el a | t= a 60 C== — r@ f 60 (4a H 80 / ; 4 pe ee ee ! a 70/4 VA ae mann ne 0 B 70) 7 ° ' V4 a i 4 i : L 60) rf q on) FI j 626 - E sol 3 5 s0 4 3 H 625 Fs i B 40 pg 40 : 5 solilt 3 aot! B act B aot 20] : 20) Fa 7 Cuarts D619 to D 626.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Calanthe rosea ( oculata (-..-.. 619. With Chloral Hydrate. 620, With Chromic Acid. 621. With Pyrogallic Acid. -), and Calanthe veitchii ( 622. With Nitric Acid. 623. With Sulphuric Acid. 624. With Hydrochloric Acid. ----- ), Calanthe vestita var. rubro- ). 625. With Potassium Hydroxide. 626. With Sodium Salicylate. 257 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTEs. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 10_18_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 0 15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 100) L 100 en 100 wae = a es a a a i sae sat tt [b= F = = = i 80) x | a4 Te} / ya é 80 0 ol a y Ai - 4 Fa / i? i 70) Z 2 J rol 17141 A 70 Ea 4 Y | U- 8 r 6 V j- gs 7 f eo}—! =t = % sot , / if | ae q | / / 2 B a & 50 > 4 bs t + i ! of i “4 628 2 / 62! 40) 7 40} 40) £ | VY Y 627 e ; ae 1S ° °° oO H 30) , 7 1,7 ‘s sory, 30r¢ z I E ad A 4 B olf: Had HIF, i - mA at oe 10) ' 10 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 100 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 65 60 ‘0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 46 50 55 60 7 a 198 7. 90! . tot ite _ 90 Lod oon ere Tie Soles i -- = f ; f 80) soley. 8 = = ae ee t _-4-4 7o}-1+- “1 =o t=) i i 70 i eae {=> A 70H FI da = a cy . . Pied wo EEC j 2 LY 4 : 60+ i 6OrfT g p é | q 631 Z “i 4 60a & 50 t 50) A+ 5 2 630 Pea 2 4 °o : 40 2 40 aa f 2 632 3 3 30 F 30 fF)" B B 8 afl Le fi a i 4 10 ] 1 = op/ Gi PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 Td 100, } L-4 a | . 90 take . 90 tee —* [a= F sl eee 80 ae aie iwa F| 70 RI 70}-++4 U ° q Lt he q / i : 2K = gol ts 5 a tT Cig q y ir 634 & sol © sory 2 |; 633 2 yl 8 40-4 2 40r7 i w : 5 a0 5 softy 5 i ac? 8 P 20H aa 10 10h i Cuarts D 627 to D 634.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata ( ----- ), Calanthe regniert (-..-..-), and Calanthe bryan ( is 627. With Pyrogallic Acid. 630. With Nitric Acid. | 633. With Potassium Hydroxide. 628. With Chloral Hydrate. 631. With Sulphuric Acid. 634. With Sodium Salicylate. 629. With Chromic Acid. 632. With Hydrochloric Acid. 17 PERIOD OF REACTION DN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 46 50 55 60 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 85 60 Jo 15 20 28 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 ry 100 = 100) ar 8 an ———— 5 ral a E 635 L+T g A Tt g 8 | 7 2 80 80 4 E KO g le H don iy 7 S 70} LA ca 70) a 4 Pl al 5 i 3 a L-* 5 / ae 60 60 = > 60 LY FE $0 A ag 50 i Pa aa L A i ‘4 3 eg 71 iA i 7 & 40 =o z& a0 4 & / 637 ay a Ed oo Fd 636 44 Z se Vi Pia Be / / 58 Ly al Gs 2 a - i 2 ne i : 3 ‘ f ce é y H PERIOD 01 \CTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 , 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 65 60 100) ‘me 100 i 100) B60 © gol S gol 7 A A471 ae ‘— | C-Fy 80 bY 7 e 8 2 80) 7 j 70 po i 70) i 70) i io} ‘ 7 ~ ie bs "4 / ele i nae sae i | / if i ; 639 A oa / 640 es Zi 635 a eg | / § 40 + 8 & 40 Ps 7 Ea sot —/y Ea 2 sol Be [7 Bee AL, 2 ou 5 “| 5 em voll a KF PLETE : PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. , PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD UF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 : 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 58 100) 4 « 100) ‘ ‘pi 00; . 5 a0 ere err 4 a4 641 a ae S | ht le Ef ool Fo A if i a sf, 4-1 8h “Al: adapt rE 7 tT" i ie 642 Pl ti wd cid 5 mm 3 p< : pie 5 ea a ee 4 7 40 A r Ea i E32 pa “| Fa. | L-F 643 YA f° oT ra ba ] Y p= ima R fi FY if 1-4 a 10) Wg mi oe = ad i] 10} Hi PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION DY MINUTES. PERIOD ur REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10. 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 100/- 100, eS ee 100 6 ea &: al L 8 go — § £ - We 24 g a ee i E i: Lo" H : LT 7 oo H 70 a ° 70 § i} | ri SE 6 H 644 H (ME: gd 7 646 ne a 5 + i a | 645 ee ty Lr & 40 ah 4 & / es 2 30 Ez soltt+-+ 2 a0 #4 SP 3B ns 3B vA 5 20) B20) T 2 7 a 5 tt i why & ‘7 & g / ¥ERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION UV MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 68 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 a 015.20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 100 i & K——t—T_| & 8 go S90) gE dl +t g aa ee g sas V4 74 jet 2 a a Ai x / ifr = ig AY =f a [ 647 -1 SE 6 yy SE 60 } a / aT 3 va ad ‘ 649 a) sb gy 50 g° 50 ri g ee 5 i_|_ $48 EF ey 3 40 ry = 40 aE 40 7 é FP i / -4 AF v3 2 2 b2 3 + E 2 30 7 ~ 8 betel "4 Ler . 8 | ‘ ae } 2 oF fi Pr ahead 6 2 7 a 2 bina ‘Cerne: Sip ee Oa f Left” TE D 635 To D 649.—Velocity-reactions of pyrogallic acid with various starches, showing the percentage of the entire number of grains (----- ) and of the total starch ( 635. With Amaryllis belladonna. 636. With Hippeastrum titan. 637. With Hippeastrum ossultan. 638. With Hippeastrum dmones. 639. With Hemanthus katherine. 640. With Hemanthus puniceus. 641. With Crinum zeylanicum. 642. With Narcissus taz. grand mon. 643. With Lilium martagon. 644. With Lilium tenuifolium. ) gelatinized. 645. With Lilium chalcedonicum. 646. With Iris iberica. 647. With Iris trojana. 648. With Iris cengialti. 649. With Iris persica var. purpurea. 259 PERIOD OF REACTION OY MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES 100 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 $0 _65 60 rh 10 18 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 fp 2028 0 25 _ A045 601 50.6 8 ee 8 a Laem 5 60 g _ + g PEA § _ 4 mn &§ p~ g i | iam A 10 39 70 5 / ° 60 - SE 60 si ° rE 7 {$50 i 24s E p62 rg ad j 4c" tl / “TT d 5 40 L 4 Fy lect 3 3 [ Ea ol ff yd eter] Ei = gaa = 3h 2 / ot?) 5B / A 3k n é f Le 2 Vv H a! Ae. 5 42) a! ‘a ” 7 ———— i”) f Ly a ay mages SEO SE PO el eed ate PERIOD OF REACTION IN MEVUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. 3 i 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60_55 60! res 1016 20 25 30 35 40 48 60 65 60 ‘ea 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 ‘oon ieee — : os 8 L+—t—T-] 8 Tr 5 a y, 8 Fa g 6 p S: ea 6 be 7 if 70 4 F 70) 2 af 70 a ae | 60 Fs L Pr aa se, | ZL ze 60) 65 L+ 2 oa Ry | / o Ly § 6 : at B 50 ] 7 654 85 & 4 3 é aff A ra Ef Il} 653 E TV Es : FF sp 3 | Z ig 2 8e 4--T77 f * 7 2 if 5 2 L 4d- |} 5 t ao fi an) Pa fl ior fi 19) 7 > - PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. = 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 60 55 60 ss 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 a 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 3 ad — ee ee al Bod |_| +} — Gn AT! i " f . VA a Ls 2 8B i Let" fa d F ea"D a se Th 1% aa oe qj 60 aid 60 fe a iL iH we 657 hee 658 6 7 r 7 is FI i an Ey - ae ie ¢ z 2 L-4- Z Za ab 3 3 a se UL ; 3 a 2 t 2 20 ; 5 : Ee i E b 'G Cuarts D 650 To D 658.—Velocity-reactions of pyrogallic acid with various starches, showing the percentage of the entire number of grains (----- ), and of the total starch ( ) gelatinized. 650. With Gladiolus tristis. 653. With Begonia sing. crim. scar. 656. With Miltonia vexillaria. 651. With Tritonia pottsii. 654. With Musa arnoldiana. 657. With Cymbidium lowianum. 652, With Richardia albo-maculata. 655. With Phaius grandifolius. 658. With Calanthe rosea. See also Charts: 261. Narcissus poeticus ornatus. 320. Narcissus empress. 357. Lilium martagon. 290. Narcissus gloria mundi. 326. Narcissus weardale perfection. 530. Begonia double light rose. 296. Narcissus telamonius plenus. 344. Narcissus emperor. 535. Begonia double white. 308. Narcissus abscissus. 350. Lilium martagon album, 542. Begonia double deep rose. 314. Narcissus albicans. 351. Lilium maculatum. 260 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. Paniouvee adherens et minGTES, a 1o_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_55 60 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1O_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 80 w 100) 100 c) & x g $0 A 90 H 80 i 80) é 80) a 80 cf 70) eH 70 3 70 = is 8 5 8 Fl as a 659 5 660 aa 661 |__| E 3 ms 8 2 g 50 Sr ae ab 40 — z 40 < zie Bad L—t--T i ieee 5 St ef a ap 30 Sean & 30 = 3 = 9 L—fo-t~ SR L L@-- 8 2 en E 20 - 20 ait YA FA IA E He = 70 £ lo—r 10) ‘a . aC f "4 g TW PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. “PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. a 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55.60 re 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 560 58 60 10_15_20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 on WO Saal <4 as ae 8 ao is 5 6 E Tet g HI 8 = a2 80 - , 80 a ifn yi; Te 563 I ifn = Vv 9) = 4 FI V/ SE a | i / 21 gs 7 aa 4-=F a °° [\-t" 2g 60 4} 3 50 =p= 3 80 a 5 “| $62 zg AA” 5. i 664 pe 4 7 gé cs V & 40 7 2 vA 3 A 2 i = 20 F aE 3d 7 5B 2 7 ; SF 4 : Li 2 7 —E © yo ” i i yy 8 Boe 3 Ad. EZ a “CR A 7) PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 O15 20 25 30 35 40 45 5 - 100) Pe) 5 40g P53 80 § 80) A 90) g 90} a ar * Bo Te | 48 0 667 | 41> 4 cc} on 70 ~e <7 sé | 665 si 666 |__| ea “ A tt 50) d eat | H 50 ia | g -4 74 2 4 — 2 ae A a — rs - is 7 Ee 4a _ H—J--J--}--4 gE F et Ea 3 7 58 a Oe ol 3B Vi se ed 2 ae £ E VY jer 5 _ 4 5 af, 4° Ae a 9% z 19 f 4." . Cuarts D 659 To D 667.—Velocity-Reactions of chloral hydrate with various starches, showing the percentage of entire number of grains ( ----- ) and total starch ( ) gelatinized. 659. With Hippeastrum titan. 662. With Amaryllis belladonna. 665. With Narcissus taz. grand mon. 660. With Hippeastrum ossultan. 663. With Hamanthus katherine. 666. With Iris iberica. 661. With Hippeastrum dwones. 664. With Hemanthus puniceus. 667. With Phaius grandifolius. PERIOD OF RRACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 261 PRRIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 40 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 6 a 10 18 20 25 30 100) 100 eee 8 | nt 8 go A 80 g 90 — | ete a 20] 2 ad real 7 i 80 4 E 70 == af 70) bd oF 79 7 7 7 Ps a . 668 ey ea 5 is ad 60 sta ao aes ag ° 7 669 7 a8 7 670 4-4 ; -4 50) Ee Set 28 50] L7 eg eee 4 mc z 40 4 & 40] = : At | Z dc het - 2 4 & 30) 2 30 & 30 7 we V Be La Be i yy 5 7 2 20) > 5 i y ny, ewe Z F 19] £ g 10 [> Fy a |/ a --4-- ‘Curves of ab@ Velocity-Reactions with Chloral Hydrate. sasi6b oy aeicuioN ia PERIOD OF SEACTION IN MINUTES. “PERIOD OF REACTION IN miNUTES. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 18 20 26 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 1015 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100 100) 4100 ~ 8 90 90) g 90 | at q a if = El 80 i 8 — 80H La 5 y SF 70 70) A S48 70H-+ & L 5 A. SE lk ga 6 a 573 xt ia i 671 ga 672 8 st B -t Ae ie a” om LL +-4 FI = 2 40} Ee aq) / ez Ey | AS Z 3 BB 7 30| se ib 8 Bolt 20-7 7 2 4 a £ volte F ile) £ if PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50_ 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 ae 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100, Tes? oe ar is Mol 100 aa ie) i 8 80) 8 90 7 90) | E {+ g ex wal a F 80 2 80 a g 4 #8 10 ba, I= Te ; ab” B& 70 a 6 7 8 F | _j--+-4 5 S 5 60 “wz 6 === 60 a 7 fp ae a Lary ad 675 ad 676 j 50} >> B° «5 2 50+ & | cn is Eg rr 40 = é 7 Htc ot CEPT est ge ST Ba 3 7 = BE 30 ape se fal be 5 al ws 2 ig 5 20 t 5 f; % 10 10} 10 i 2 : PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10_15_ 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 69 » 100 100 ~, 100 ° » Lt ° 80 ° 90 -4 90 : é sl ca ol a BO yy BI o y E 7 3 70 ga 4910 7 ° | ag 4 at 5 679 a4 ei 8 . Gg = A 677 aa I? 678 a : == | fp wt LH pe « i gy aor 2 es i “iy L ee-t ao a mio =4 7 - § 2 Y- mt 2 20) a 5 x + Fo a BR 7 To4= PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. O35 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 68 en 100) 100; n (00; Sas 4 & 90 e 90 § y 2 5 80) 5 «80 E, = ‘ ! E 34 g 70) + 70] o3 70 se A ¢ 681 Se a4 fl 680 & a Le FI a 682 fa 50 re 5 Se B5 50 Eg « £2 sole E 3 E3 56 30-4 a 30) = Pa 30) — i) }! 3 8 ee ed tees ace eee a ki x ee ee ae) 2 = : ag L 5 1 a <4" 3 10 =4--t74 A F 24-7 i (pe aes Ie a Cuarts 668 To D 682.—Velocity-Reactions of Starch of Iris iberica with various reagents, showing the percentage of the entire number of grains (----- ) and of the total starch ( 668. With Chloral Hydrate. 669. With Chromic Acid. 670. With Pyrogallic Acid. 671. With Nitric Acid. | 672. With Sulphuric Acid. 673. With Hydrochloric Acid. 674. With Potassium Hydroxide. 675. With Potassium Iodide. 676. With Potassium Sulphocyanate. 677. With Potassium Sulphide. ) gelatinized. . With Sodium Hydroxide. . With Sodium Sulphide. . With Sodium Salicylate. . With Calcium Nitrate. . With Uranium Nitrate. 262 . PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES, PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 95 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 48 50 65 60 6 ° D > 683 a x i=} 685 e c 684 TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED | W Jje-f* 2 _—-—4 a 4 -4 PER CENT OF ENTIRE NUMBER OF GRAINS AND OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. n > PER CBNT OF ENTIRE NUMBER OP GRAINS AND OF TOTAL STARCH GRELATINIZED. nr > PER CENT OF ENTIRE NUMBER OF GRAINS AND OF N. \ y o' 4 aso. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINOTES. O15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10.15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 8 o i=} @ is] x > ~ i=) | ° 687 688 2 f= TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. nr w ~ wo i=} vA to” nT & ade += TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. nr > PER CENT OF ENTIRE NUMBER OF GRAINS AND OF ” 7 i [ id _|— f L* Lf —— J | Jen baal PER CENT OF ENTIRE NUMBER OF GRAINS AND OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED. ry > PER CENT OF ENTIRE NUMBER OF GRAINS AND OF Cuarts D 683 To D 688.—Velocity-Reactions of Starch of Iris iberica with various reagents, showing the percentage of entire number of grains (----- ), and total starch ( ) gelatinized. 683. With Strontium Nitrate. 685. With Copper Nitrate. 687. With Barium Chloride. 684. With Cobalt Nitrate. 686. With Cupric Chloride. 688. With Mercuric Chloride. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OF REACTION IN MINUTES. PERIOD OP REACTION IN MINUTES. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 100, = 100) 100; . 90) , 90) | 90 — g ated ‘ 690 =4 éa ate E £0) A ~i=4+= - r od AZT al ca an Fl u Yr d 4” to d a yy 4-4 8 60 8 as 3 60 + + FI sol 689 HI V4 7} : \“ -|7 2 all et V ae rs 7] = a0 ih Pa = L/ -4 g & y 7 z | j ° 30 2 30 +p 5 30 4] 5 A a gL 691 . 20) 5 ¢) Vr 5 ra 2 ri E Bd fhe a tl a “LA Cuarts D 689 to D 691.—Velocity-Reactions of Starches of Amaryllis belladonna (----- ), Phaius grandifolius (-.--+-), and Miltonia vexillaria ( ). 689. With Uranium Nitrate. 690. With Cobalt Nitrate. 691. With Pyrogallic Acid. 263 « adhe 5 i) a 3 “marae > . ~ PTS : ‘RaraoTHD eva] ak a : uLat--b 2t54 aap Y “TLV ALIN 7 | -ta4--E TE == é oh “SLVULIN, WAILNOWLS} hee ae = 8 care) Af “PS Oe i= “TLVALIN Th ~ahsL . Fe! ‘'§ : \ “ILYMLIN > eee ol —— i) ude? 1 = “aLVauN --T 3 AIVULIN NAIDTY: 4 \ =~ 3: By \ Fe ee a ee ee isa] LVELIN PLOT: LC 2 == “ALY LOMIYs Mara i ~~ a : sarah eyine V WIADTTVS PLOIG 5 SSS ; = oe Mets 3) Se HH 1 8 fale ii es ss ree pd ae L. uy NICO: “Tae ee ee L-+ tote & & | 44" photon henert= LT | 5 S Lo]. iP ited ee + = t [te = 8 Pp { SS ae mE t | — ee § 3 host SSS + a SS ~~ EE ss Lee Pato] tT E = 8 § ae 10s SS Be tae = 3 sos a 1 A ao oS RS. aS n “xaidor aed = sS 1 woe are ane) |= a[e--f S83 xT sav a x 5 ee ae ee ae ~ | pet | at > CIDY START = es a ee eta ac ee Oe RS eae ne led KG % i ee eal|7 |= E> = anal ee one “and [ ~Tr4a-Le £3 cane Poel ‘apy 2 =H =| 5 ae “gore nd cl ia cmon oy 3 ae eel -T77 el ~y cl. -|= afk = = aov 8 a ee Bie eg ‘av ae rs Ae orn ee “Sebo Sd PAR va PB § Leer ye 3 i <1 os wie § dy “ETTOIA MYL: l £ o Q NYY NA 2s “IWT0IA VL 5 7 “maa 35 rs | gecort ES a, mudo: = oot A =a er ee] S toa st wo ov 9” OK 9H ODIO 29929909909 ZEA 2 wo Ov OW OHM O H}9292009 89 809 GAC oO - aa G69 ¢ ¢ © wW/F TOF THK TAA o oe Resse es sjssesesseseae etter SESSION SO) TTs t, Pop en ery sais #9 pee | “SAIOMIN MI MOLLYZDULYTIO TLZTAMOD 40 SAIL == “SALONI 09 NI GAZIKILVTIO HOUVIS WO 40 1NaD HEE ° ° ° A io &® ., bh, b&b ob, & , ob , bh, Uhl, lf + ° ° ve ° e ° ° ° ° ° * ; : i : ; * ‘ ; e ; ry io ry rr) o io bb vr) ti) to to R t a é a br ow D 2 4 2 d dy H 2 a 2 4 $25 88865 8585 Fk RF BS BESS ica g9 bs 8-d be Bd bE OW bE oD a bE OW ‘NOILVZINILYT29 40 TAALVUIAMAL . +0 oOo OW OHO GOFF KF KF DOD DAH GD MOLLYZIMILVIAD dO TOLVIIaMIL ono © OW OH OH OW OH OH 9 HD w i= 2 2 °2e¥ ov OD OHM OH CO 0 oo m Oo Ae ee Oe OS Ee OO SEN n=] sSeeoaoaorrk SSRI SSRaA2e ® “SNOILIYS4 4O10D GUY LHOTT 40 KLISNILNT a smiipiiovaas advan ea aeorris see ). Cuart E 2.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Hippeastrum titan (-----), Hippeastrum cleonia (-..-..-), and Hippeastrum titan-cleonia ( 264 4 g 4 rs ee ct 3 A é g 3 foe ¢ Py gd FE Gas : Ee aE : s 3 , a 2 & : 100 42.6 5 95 45° E 10 80 47.6" F 15 68 60° £ 20 ‘ 80 52.8" 25 ft 2 , tb cee, ek" iN iN fag dal ik Alf 5 iat i 65 £80 a cd ec ii a 7 4 60 poze 5 45} am ‘ : 8 66 jes" HI 60 4 eee ' i , ! E so se7s* 66/—| oa NN i iN \ 4 any Fefe fool tT AL Et a et Hy 8 40 eal 90 N \ F " f d 36 F 76° : 80 “A aj f NN ! e 4 i; Ny 30 77.6° 8 70 A MY q I Y VY} R 1 26 80 ¥ 60 b aN \ 20 826" 5 j \ FAK 7 NW /ak' 18 (85 0 - x Z i : 10 87.5° § 30 MY iN : ® Wi 6 eo S&S 20 VF 4 f 2 ozs fi 10 —— g y a ee a a | Cuart E 3.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Hippeastrum ossultan ( ----- ), Hippeastrum pyrrha (-..-.--), and Hippeastrum ossultan-pyrrha ( é g 4 # £ ji EF g@, 9 2 fg § g fe Proececa 7 Pieedl za i pg f : ~ 8 a N a J 3 Py a $ : B Se Paterson | : E E i g 70 67.5° £ 35 aia . B 66 560° : 40 \ si = a 0] a 60 gore : 45 I Ht mat 8 ss gest ff cop te" | o> Hi a 4 y € 60 567.6 66 ia Al 4 { ‘ pa al be At i $ ad eee 90 N if ii (e 4 f 75° @0 : if ut >= | q >. A 30 m5 To —t if N pew s Wa] i f] 26 80 | 60 hy ‘ fi ‘ 20 825° 5 60 ; Ay: & f WW i if \ 16 es & 40 iY HAS 10 ors § 30 \ ¥ iH i AN & 80° 5S 20 it a iN} \ i 4s yO FAN f po - =x Cuarr E 4.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Hippeastrum deones (----- ), Hippeastrum zephyr (-.-----), and Hippeastrum deones-zephyr ( ). 265 ge g ‘ § Fl eo Eo og ¢ i ; og ¢ i if fg é i ae E pea : : 5 2 oF ef 5 of 3 100 -42.6° 8 96 (45° 10 90 47.6° 16 85 60° 20 1 rf 60 =«52.5° 26h 76 «65° 30}4+ | 10 67.6" 65 § 60° é 60 362.5° oe a 4 y= SSS pL —_ 65 jes* ° 60 5 67.5° lagae 4 XN 45 B 10° 40 £72.5° © °o porn} = - E ie ENTENSITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINUED IN 60 MINUTES. TIME OF COMPLETE GELATINIZATION IN MINUTES. 3 8 aaa a5 F 75° 80 i Ri a ; iN \ ! : 30 77.5" § 70 i iil \_ |e HN iy | eR ie 26 60° 60 q 7 t HH lt ; 1 20 62.5° & 60 mY ! \ Yi \ ki \ 16 est 40 ia \ H i i : 10 e7.5" § 30 VU W ' \ 4 /, Hl ! : 7 Ve 1 4 IN 7X TTS ; 8 90° 20 5 — f \ me 4, om y 926° 8 10 \ .\ sy \7 ; ‘-> _—— el ee ee Seed Sey ee | Cuart E 5.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Haeemanthus katherine (----- ), Hemanthus magnificus (-..-..-), and Hemanthus andromeda ( ). g f é 5 oo oe ee Pegaueds 5 a Bg og ds 3 Hl A : z g 8 3 : E é g E : 100 426° 5 96 45° E 10 i 3 90 47.5" F 16 ; 4 865 650° 5 20 i 4 i eo 62.5° Z 26 cna ! " 75 65° d 30 i ‘ ; q g 70 «67.5° F a5 ‘ T x i : : 5 6s B60" 4 aor } 4 n a : 60 ges 3 45-4 j \ i 3 & 65° i ! y/ J 5 65 = H 60 4 7 e j iy ‘ j t 3 60 567.5° 65} —{ " j \ U 1 Bas fro fico V4 | Th ; IA \ may 3 40 872.5" # 90 \y if IT \ = ! : y T Pea tye. = \ Al Ti \ s ! i zg 35 © 75 5 80 iy 77 \ [i t \ < 74 v t 1 E 30° =(77.5° a 70 \ 7A 4 rn Ne _ if bi A 25 60’ § 60 \ #t \ | i \ . i i Z i 20 825° 2 60 o \ IF i \ } i] a Z 1 A 5 1s es° & 40 \ F i i i Xb * L . 10 97.5° 3 30 S r . A i , Fi i Ss 90° S$ 20 x 7 i \ t |} .4 . 925° £ 10 ‘\H | |} 4 iz g S ee ea) oe ae 4 Cuart E 6.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Hemanthus katherine (----- ), Hemanthus puniceus (---++), and Hemanthus kénig albert ( Di 266 j q 4 foe ¢ i oe Pe ¢ é EE f £ 1 ¢ i: 7 100 426° 6 : iets cane OE DON Rian - 95 45° E 10 u 1 - 80 47.6" 7 16 + r i ; eo 526° 7 25 n : \ ih 76 65 30 1 1 \ : \ ifs 70 «87.6° F 35 { H +1 4 i pot : i i ‘ i \ ! FE es %eor 40 | ee i a L fy a eo des : 45 i N : .ty \ ra te: tar | a5 Toa 65 yes q 60 v 7H a 7 \ 1 TH H t t Beogers oye t Hit tii ih ih +44 ie sce NE oh I-A 3 | WNT \ ait 1 [iY V-4 \ 40 a 4:28 \ i q [i Fay ee Sa 36 "76° & 60 I 7 + t i ‘| s > ; 30 77.6° é 70 . + f 1 Ti i . ; 25 eo 4 60 = i ! | i i f F 20 625° y 60 N ! " Hi \ aie vty 16 as* i 40 ‘ ; \ | f il 4 i 10 87.6" 3 a0 A ; \ N fi { Mi 6 sor 5 20; iN t \ NY ; ; i gy \f SS 4 02.6" : 10 y- Se OS ae : a ae Cuart E 7.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Crinum moorei (----- ), Crinum zeylanicum (-..-..-), and Crinum hybridum j. c. h. ( ). cf, 43 ENTIAN VIOLET. On HYDRATE, RIC ACID. 1ODIDE. SUL. SALICYLATS. NITRATE. NITRATE. NITRATE. NITRATE. ER NITRATE. ; Eat : g 100 42.6° eo 47.5 4 15 4 z 85 «60 g 20 2 L 80 52.5" A 26 { f i ili F i i nt 76 6S gq 30 Ly : H+ To «67.6 # as{t! f : Hi fh [oye fol! 7M CH oan 7h 60 wie 45 q i i H \ [\ ili tay an ak s i t a i q \ [ \ A t 1 7 iy > T 8 65 jes" E 60 4 W ida A Vi +4 ; : f co 567.5" 66 { i ! = ‘ae ‘fh \ i i am i iy A an doe [= lf \ PAL Ea a ae hel las eo}—_t mI : \If : ul I / \ ! \ fo Fre = oot + HoT hh Wd tf a 30 m8 f 70 1 et | \ Um : iA {a =e 25 80° 4 60 | 4 i 4 [ \ - AK . L 20 62.5" # 50 Ei ‘tt : AWA ‘AX \ : \ T17 W i eae a) 16 es & 40 \ {fy ‘ ! \ \ 7 \ \ 10 ors 8 30 (lf vel h. \ Vai \ ‘ , 5 eo & 20 \ il nH ‘. \ i i . F\S i o2e § 10 Hi == : YZ H . nN £ T ‘ --T~-4 ee ee sa ee ie _ Cuart E 8.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Crinum zeylanicum (----- ), Crinum longifolium (-.-----), and Crinum kircape (. , 267 : é g FA g a ¢ g ; a 5 a g § og A FI é @ & g Sen) o ah ae ff ba gE a § i i F e 8 gf : F F 100 42.6° 6 rat. {Ley 96 46° E 10 Lik XN Fi < ‘ so a7st A 1s ft ‘4 ‘ | ‘ es 60° §& 20 i i | i 60 52.5" § 25 | it 1 fl \ \ H i) 75 65° 4 sol — I} ih ' i { g 70 oe as} 4 rE ; ae AA iA Bes geo" § aot |i! ‘ hk “ly fy HN a > Secs ast fi! Te en try 60 Ne2s" § 45} ht H i \ he pi {ty / ed Seed ae Me ee 8 65 565 | 50 7 7 ff it f 1 i 4 i / \ & so ners est_\v// im i! VALE ea Yi ea 2877 T Lr N j 45 2 70" 100 —W/ AN i; 4 : | i / i vy \ E 40 f725° 2 90 Wr WPS i iF i iW \ 7, g y ue -74 \ Ta, ea pe ae i = LA 30 ms 70 ti } 25 eo" 4 60 + \ i 20 826° 50 _ ip 18 es = 40 A 4 10 ors 8 30 Mt 5 W 6 90° F 20 92.5° 10 & Cuart E9.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Crinum longifolium (----- ), Crinum moorei (-..----), and Crinum powellii ( ). j é 3 g , 5 a ry y S g 9 i 5 : < g i a # | 5 a og 8 6 ¢ # 2 g ef F fe & 8 PeCereeee oe tues e. sped 3 9 gaan Bate eaeaeeaes a : : $ 100 426° 5 } ZZ 95 45° E 10 AAs | f 7 i] ME Pa 80 475° 5 15 Tt e& 60° § 20 H z T 80 sat B 25h ill i i fi 75 65° gz 90 | { iff q | i i g 70 67.5 f 35 NY {i, | { Hi E es § 60° : ‘\ il Hi ih E es & 60’ 3 40 nN ti a I fit IR 3 6s aes A co I; ; Li nl E 60 567.6" 65 iN {i \ i if ‘ Th fas fre foo AL ANY i Thi hs r yt 3 40 sk SAAN mr my t E a 8 7 VV 7H | 3} E 30 «77.6° : 70 ; ‘tf \l f 25 80° 4 60 | A i Fl & j I q ] f 20 62.5" & 60 } J A | L i 18 as 40 i [ t ; if 10 ors § 30 ; Fi ! WW 6 so §& 20 VE ~ Lk Li eas 6 10 : EN 4 as F NS TNL led Cuart E 10.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Nerine crispa (----- ), Nerine elegans (-.--..-), Nerine dainty maid ( ), and Nerine queen of roses ( ). 268 4 a f a: : E fi git ‘ 4 2 2 #8 ae a a z 5 fe og g g : sk dg ae eS bs ae: : 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 & zg & Pog gS i Eg 2.8 3 -_ ios ABs? Ht es 48 § 10 90 sae 15 P \ A as so’ § 20}. i 4 A d 80 62.6° i 25 i ‘ ) 75 65 d 30 + 4 ; g 70 ae 35 WW j 4 ir § 65 %60° 40 \ i M4 B 60 gate 45 \ f \ : q 1 \ 3 6s fos z 50 \ in 1 f an B co se7.5" 65 = FLX a : " i L — : q 8 as B70 Ewe Nes a ee Mi ah : 1 ij fi 3 40 8726 # 90 Y Ne ‘ht t q i f 5 35 ca : 80 a: ‘ tl ' ji j fi i E ao 77.58 70 ee Se P| hi fil ” & LNT a HW) ‘4 H 1 25 so 3 60 N 1 if ia @ 4 20 626° # 60 | f iw /V \ Hy { 3 rT WAY ME: 16 858° & 40 u ; { # - AH 10 ors £ 30 L vi f ‘ VA fl 6 so & 20 /_y Ws, i E 17 bie am Be 026° § 10 ; RN oAN 7 ZES Cuart E 11.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Nerine bowdeni (------ ), Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major (-..-.--), Nerine giantess ( ), and Nerine abundance ( ). ; rm . £ g a g eT) ee as, CS 2 og & jg 3 Hl 5 eo # 3 bf fog g $ 3 ‘ é an ae ee Pb aa : Bo a i 100 425° 5 Bs ; 96 46° ; 10 7 vy 90 475° 7 15 iy 85 60° : 20 jl \. HI f eo 62,5° i 25 \ i \ A q 7 65° § 30 \ if \ | } g To 57.5" B as K if AY E 6s ¥ 60° f ao} i 4 fl a 60 Boze 3 45 N \ + i ; j 8 cs gest ff co ~ 4 is ; 60 3676" 65 ‘ it ‘ i 48 670° £100 \ : i 8 40 ol 80 x = it fe 7s E 60 “she-ti i 30 «77.5° f 70 NA Hi hs | 25 gor 3 60 i] i Lik dik 8 j 7 HEN } 20 682.5° 5 60 : PaLY ‘46 os 4 40 ‘ if 4 { \ i q 10 ors 8 30 |— eal f vi f \. I 6 0° & 20 + ee v1 { \ = : 92.6" 5 10 G fl \ “Ny fl : f [= ae z ses Cuart E 12.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Nerine sarniensis var. corusca major (------ ), Nerine curviflora var. fothergilit major (-..-..-), and Nerine glory of sarnia ( de 269 § A f é 5 eg < 4 a ¢ £ PI m if i eo 2.3 i Po egteaedad : : ae 2 : Z Z : § x Fy j rs & 3 i : eg a | 3 100 42.5" 5 N : 95 45° 10 eA 1 \ 90 47.5" F 15 MH i" 85 50° 5 20 1 x 80 52.5" H 26 ples { | \ 7s 55° q 30 h 14 Hh g TO 57.5° £ 35 t a Ht eee | i x i Bes goo 3 40 vt fife oe ! vi : g to peas’ 5 se ii rt rey 8 65 365° I 50 id ‘4 £14 E| J } § co se75* 55 I\ ft | Al fii a § 45 Bo f 100 ‘S = i \ it iy i \ Li i rot SARI a aA 5 40 872.5" 3 90 = = iN rf cs rf a a eee 4 - a : : E 35 i 5 eo *.J SN if aie H D wa ie a H A E 30 tre fl 70 j! ht Wy Al HAS. f 1 NM EL ARID iN a ee 25 so 4% 60 ~ w tt yt! i | os Ay i 20 82.5" 8 50 wi ‘ WZ i if ‘ \ \ rf AW a we \ y Ht it 1 \ it i) 16 es* § 40 N A nN fi 4 10 87.5" 3 30 i a |, jt | 2 90° & 20 Ws Wit gi / 1% E WW Ve ae KY 92.5° 8 10 £ z E TO ER EZ Cuart E 14.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Narcissus tazetta grand monarque (------ ), Narcissus poeticus ornatus (--.-..-), and Narcissus poetaz triumph ( ). é j é ' § eg, 4 g i a g § g gf fa ¢ G 2 ¢ 2 2 3 es 3 = % = rE : too 425° 6 too 426° 5 ; 95 46° ; 10 26 45° i 10 eo 476° 3 16 go 476° 3 15 es so § 20 es so* 5 20 80 s2.s° F 26 ; 80 s25° § 25 76 65° F| 30 i 75 65° Z 30 ¥ TO ere:G 35 d g TO 67.6" F 35 £ es 360° # 40 : = 6s 3 60° : 40 j a 60 § 626° 3 45 H 3 60 ie2s* 3 45 F 3 6s aes # 50 rie 3 65 j6s° 2 so an i § so s675° 55/ : " : so 567.5" 65 — \ jt if - 2 : \ / t \ 7 ee \ : \ § 45 870° £ 100 = ik . 8 a5 870 B 100 ‘. jt I 5 40 er 90 bam ANS Si \ i . f 5 40 Eres 3 90 Ne i Pak ; axl 2 AW a i : i E 95 #75 = 00 NS ARN + u ee 4 5 as Eze § 60 ie 7 inl a i " E g WZ ! N E 8 / \ if \ 30 775° 3 70 4 . 30 (77.5 2 70 : Hy 25 80° 4 60 Mi Hi 25 80° % 60 \ uf 20 826° # 50 \, ' i 20 o2.5° 50 MN Hl 16 95° & 40 | 16 est & 40 \Y | 10 ors § 30 10 ors 8 30 \Y/ 5 90° 3 20 - & 90° S 20 \ sas # 10 925° 8 10 a F oe oe Cuart E 13.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Cuarr E 15.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Narcissus poeticus ornatus (----- ), N areissus poeticus Narcissus gloria mundi (----- ), Narcissus poeticus poetarum (-..---), Narcissus poeticus herrick ( ), ronatus (-..-..-), and Narcissus fiery cross ( ). ). and Narcissus poeticus dante ( 270 : & g 5 FA A g § a g g 2 F 2 gq ¢ 4 z GE fa g i d sd f ; : Fa Hi 100 42.5" 4 6 100 42.5° 5 95 45° E 10 95 46 ; 10 90 47.5 5 15 90 8 «6447.5° 5 15 es 60° § 20 | es so § 20 i 80 528° 5 25 i 80 cas fl 25 E 76 65° q 90 75 65° Jj 30 f o 4 70 ere Fi 35 ¢ 70 57.6" 36 f E és £ 60° 4 40 i BE es geo" 2 40 f d 60 pean 5 46 a 60 feos 5 45 h 3 65 jes EI 60 ait. 8 65 Jes" a 60 f : 50 567.6" 56 i ‘. § co 5676 65 i _—— Fal a Y & —_ a 48 Bro # 100k ZN 4 | 3 & 4s B10 a ‘ 3 E E ANE iS 3 : 0 B sos vax ;— i 5 40 f72.6° 3 90 : py i Xi 5 40 Br26* a 90 —aS f- N ee 3 = L. i 36 bie & 80 aN YH aN i) TS 5 3s _ 5 s0k~ \ ir an ! 30 nsf To “y \ f 2 E 30 m8 70 ‘I F \t 28 eo 60 W i 25 eo 4 60 i | 20 82.6" # 50 A it 20 62.5" # 60 VIE 16 e8 § 40 ‘ 7 16 85° 3 40 4 f 10 ors £ 30 1 to ors: 8 30 , 6 290° 8 20 6 sot 8 20 92.6" TO sae fi 10 g Cuart E 16.—Composite Curves of the Starches -of Cuart E 17.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Narcissus telamonius plenus ( ----- ), Narcissus poeticus Narcissus princess mary ( ----- ), Narcissus poeticus ornatus (--.-..-), and Narcissus doubloon ( ). poetarum (--.-..-), and Narcissus cresset ( ). ; é i F Fi g Fl ele Pe ES ge 3 p tape a4 yo8 3 3 g 43 3 a & a og z RU i ie A iso. sen & 95 45° z 10 i 95 8 45' E 10 20 47.6" = 15 hk eo: ane a 46 85 60° 5 20 Mt 66 60’ 5 20 co 52st § 2s fi co eae | 2s 75 65° J 30 75 55° J 90 g 70 ers" & 35 : ¢ 70 67.69 — 35 4 Z g sill” T : 65 560" 3 40 ! £ 6s 60° 8 40 H \ # 60 Se28° 3 45 : F Pe Sanaee Ga fy) A g \ ! 3 is a v i 8 6s Je65° E 60 : 3 . # NN L Evo fers os Polo alec alk IIH Boa ge ZN a i S50 gers" 6s} AN t : g 45 B 10° 100 f ts : 5 ° 2 yoo0l_/ \ Hi \ 4 § = 7S 8 45 £70 100 \ or ee x "7 |X 1K Hl 3 BO AY Hi VW E g 726 2 90 ANZ + IF bex ie y t < 35 Fre £ 60 NOYe \ i 4 E als y "~ L HA qj E iff ry / 35 © 75) & 80 J i] T “€ 30 77 of 70 ! +L 4 E 30 mrs fl To " Hi E ; if 25 60° 4 60 \ Hi 25 80° 5 60 ‘\ if ° we i 20 ez." 9 60 \ if 20 02.5" § 60 Mit 16 965° 40 1 H 16 865° é 40 \ } 10 875° § 30 li : 10 ors 3 35 \ 6 90° : 20 Wy 6 90° & 20 S257 6 10 ozs fi 10 & 8 Cuarr E 18.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Cuart E 19.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Narcissus abscissus ( are ), Narcissus poeticus poeta- Narcissus albicans ( ----- ), Narcissus abscissus (-..---), rum (-.-+-), and Narcissus will scarlet ( ). and Narcissus bicolor apricot ( Js 271 : é g : g § 3 Fe : g 2 § : : F E 8 g 4 g i 3 Ps goog 3 d g E 5 q ; A Z « a Ba 4 100 =42.5° 5 r 100 42.5" 5 95 45° E 10 :! 96 45° E 10 2 o A ‘3 80 = 47.5' 5 15 1 90 = 6(47.5' 5 15 i] 8S 60° 5 20 j 85 60° 5 20 ti 80 =62,5° Hl 25 t 80 652.5" Z 25 i 75 65° § 30 . ; 76 65° FI 30 h o ; 4 \ : e y 70 S7.6 i 35 1 r i Z 70 sae E 35 vay ji E es § 60" 4 40 } x i 6 65 B60" # 40 a i a oo gece" 5 45 Hs if 5 ba peze & 45 im 3 65 765° i 60 it \ i 8 65 365° £ 50 i a i 8 2 ‘Ny iN an V ie Ss / Li: ! oi’ SORIA LUA pees SN ACT OITA IP B as Bro #700 7 all PMA LS 8 45 B70 ff ol Al AL. \ {| 4 i 5 WY 7’ Wives ae ran V tk It 3 40 £725 8 eof. \ Ly rd ee 8 40 f72.5° 3 sol N \ LA one a Sa hong (CoD ESI as F7e" & 60 i N 35 75° & 80 aa A 4 NI 30 m5 70 iN if MSs E 30 mf 70 id \ i “8 MoS 4. \ 25 80° 3 60 ‘ tr 26 80 d 60 W j 20 ene 60 wt 20 826° & 60 fe 16 e5° §& 40 A z 18 es & 40 u 10 87.5° 3 30 ML 10 87.5° 3 30 \ » 0° & 20 6 0° 5S 20 e268 to e2ze £ 10 a i Cuart E 20.—Composite Curves of the Starches o Cuarr E 21.—Composite Curves of the Starches 0, Pp Narcissus empress ( ----- ), Narcissus albicans (--.----), Narcissus weardale perfection (----- ), Narcissus and Narcissus madame de graaff ( ). madame de graaff (-..----), and Narcissus pyramus E r 3 3 2 73 g 4 Ag & g : 2 a: 2 eg g@ g E ge & £ 2 ¢ 3 3B oo § = 8 3 i 5 5 a a 2 gb Z RUE 3 : 100) = 42.5° 5 6 s6 45° 10 10 90 475° 5 15 15 4 85 60° 5 20 20 80 «~62.5° g 25 25 75 6S° | 30 { 30 o g 70 ee 35 it i 35 E 6s $60" Z 40 nn 46 i 3 60 Ener 5 45 H ‘ 3 7 nN 2 ss gor" = so : , aa 7 \, § so 3675 65 Lh ; . 65 FA \ i & — bs J —! $ 45 B 70° # 100} fA a i 100 \ | 3 40 E725° F 90 A \ i y 90 \ ae i E | s Y Ny i) 2 Oe bl a 1 g a5 F 75" 5 80 nN Lj [a] —} 80 - SY if i. E a0 775° 2 70 y Hl I + 4 SN 5 Ww [e/ 1 y Bae 25 20° § 60 dy 60 . o \. 4 / \ y 20 682.5° # 50 iL 50 1 18 65° z 40 \ | ao - \ { 10 87.5° 5 30 4 80 \ fi 5 90° 5 20 = 20 925° 8 10 10 & * - Cuart E 22.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Cuart E 23.—-Composite Curves of the Starches of Narcissus monarch (----- ), Narcissus madame de Narcissus leedsia minnie hume (----- ), Narcissus graaff (------), and Narcissus lord roberts ( ). triandrus albus (-.-..-), and Narcissus agnes harvey = 272 ORAL HYDRATE. ACID. ACID. ACID, -ENTIAN VIOLET. of GEL INITRIC ACID. PODINE. v 65 ‘ } ‘ \ | io \ gt M ii . \ fi ie RITES 60 a Bx \ } i VA t i ‘Vi W 40 ae a0 iy! 20 \! 10 j Cuart E 24.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Narcissus emperor ( ----- ), Narcissus triandrus albus (-.-.--), and Narcissus j. t. bennet poe ( ). é é oe en a a pig Pete ay 7 ff : a: sof =] g § “J 100 42.6° 5 y. id eens oe - See eR 96 45° E 10 fe) oa \ HW é : 7 80 476 2 15 , i 86 60° 5 20 7 Zt . O 80 62.5° Fl 25 - "a ‘ Z 75 68° F| 30 i] 7 \ g 70 57.5 § 35 f 4 z 65 260° Z 40 ir a 60 $62.5" § 45 N. i f 4 D> 4 3 65 ges £ so L. LS N G co sere: 65 NES 5 4s B 70° g 100 \ 8 40 H726° : 90 : 35 Fre 5 80 30 77.5° f 70 25 80° § 60 20 92.6" g 50 18 6 & 40 10 87.5° 3 30 & 90° & 20 oer e 10 z Cuart E 25.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Lilium martagon album ( ----- ), Lilium maculatum (-..-.-), ). and Lilium marhan ( 273 g os d 4 Z e e ff a : pg i g : Z fg z é e L * g 2 z . 3 if | Pid ae 2 Set ee 100 426° 5 “oa . , 95 45° 10 gL | Abe ‘Ny H | \ i 20 476 f 15 ‘ i r 7 os \ 8s 60° § 20 in j 1 7 80 cast 25 r ‘. + : 7 76 6s ¥ 30 Af i + iE 3 fi 1 ' i g 70 a 35 f x. : ion By : 60° an Se Jt 4 ; 65 5 60 3 40 ; ~ ' ; eo §62.6° § 45 = L Trt g ‘\ i} ii! 8 65 365° # 60 = F 1 a § so 567.6" 65 aN ea 1 $ 5 — N : WU § 45 B70 ‘e i 3 40 ‘aa 80 3 f° 76 & 80 30 776 ff 70 25 0° J co 20 82.6" # 60 16 eS a ae 10 ors: 30 6 so & 20 e268 10 Cuart E 26.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Lilium martagon ( ----- ), Lilium maculatum (-.-----), and Lilium dalhansoni ( ). ‘ CI : 7 A rt i 4 8 Fs E on er a a er 3 4 é g g 3 a Ape &€ § £€ E€ -# @q 3 ee ee ee ae ee a oa Ee FE Es € tg ee E i : 3 2 & z 5 3 Og zg og fe 8 : 3g & : an foo 426° = 5 ; | ir aif ts ksay pron eta / 95 45° 10 ff Tt + —}- 80 47.5" | 16 a s j es so § 20 7 [ ! x i 80 cas fl 25 poy \ L 75 55° J 30 % o , g TO SL8' fF 35 TP? - B 6s 360° §& 40 HA F gs N TAME 5 60 pene 3 45 i i] 8 55 f65° 2 50 E 2 ° 7 Pg pe b 50 5 67.5° 65)" S 3 46 Bro # 100 3 40 Bras: 2 90 E EI 3 as Frse £ 80 E 30 m8 § 70 25 80° § 60 20 825° # 50 16 es & 40 10 e7.s 2 30 2 6 90° & 20 £ 92.5" § 10 E Cuart E 27.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Lilium tenuifolium ( ----- ), Lilium martagon album (-..----), ). and Lilium golden gleam ( 18 274 TEMP. of GEL “ > b+. IN o ° i a a ~ Phe “4 | Lee Lee” & 3 N ‘ # 4} an ° ° o ° INTENSITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. a ° OF G! a Bl a . Q °o 4 °o a co) a ° h ° a ° Nn ° a a ELA a a 2 di 2 2 3 a 2 CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED IW 60 MINUTES. TIME OF COMPLETE GELATINIZATION IN MINUTES. a °o 7 4 i N 92.5° 10 Cuart E 28.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Lilium chalcedonicum ( ----- ), Lilium candidum (-------), and Lilium testaceum ( ). : a Peter eas Te OPPER NITRATE. ODINE, ry NITRIC ACID, SULPHURIC BARIUM = ° ° 8 a n Pars an oO os ~ ead 7 ~ N — | | nN is] N. | ND a J a ° x ° a =“ a ao @ oa N rm Ko ‘0 ieee | INTENSITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. a fe} a i 2202 © Slaa gags 8lagase — ™“ a ° & a 5 a a ‘TURE OF GELATINIZATION. a a ‘° ° oe ‘° ‘o ° ° ° OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED IN co MINUTES. TIME OF COMPLETE GELATINIZATION IN MINUTES, nN fo} o N a ” PER CENT ~ () Cuart E 29.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Lilium pardalinum ( ----- ), Lilium parryi (--.---), and Lilium burbanki ( ). 275 ODE. ‘VIOLET. 2 HYDRATE. ACID, Ic A "RIC ACID. acib. acip, IODIDE. Ss ‘SALICYLATE. UM NITRATE. NITRATE. ATTRATR, NITRATE. PER NITRATE. foo 428° 5 95 45° [ 10 i so 47s 3 15 j i es 60° 5 20 eo 625° H 26 rf 7 6s J 30 ‘ gy 70 57.5 ® 36 } ‘ t if J E 6s Z60" 40 f \ i i : | : 60 ozs 3 45 Hi ‘ WL itN Tp i} 3 6s Sect ff 59 if ‘ Wi | \ URE § co 567.5" 65 i nV 4 | F : 4 i d 45 10° ced 4 ifi |X : \ft [dh iW 3 40 872.5" e0 Lo S33 Jd} ts! |_ pa 4 tt a ee oe |! fis a i a / eel E 30 77.5" F 70 ‘i tt in vn L 28 eo § 60 ! * filt aN 20 62.5" # 60 VATS \ tig ee ere eae): \ 2 MELA Kt 10 97.6 8 30 | —— 6 80° ; 20 y ‘ f a 926° 8 10 é i, Cuart E 30.—Composiie Curves of the Starches of Iris iberica ( ----- ), Iris trojana (-.---.-), and Iris ismali ( ). : dé g Py ¢ | 4 bs FI yo : i — § Fl i . i E £ Eg é a: : ; E i fog _ 3 5 E g 3 3 $ 5 100 425°. 5 65 45° E 10 80 476° 2 15 85 60' z 20 t —f- eo 652.5" Z 25 Le d 76 65° J 30 q g To ore os \ f ‘ ‘ E es geo 4 40 j \ i ‘eo 5 62.6" 2 45 | \ |" HW 1 2 os jest B sols | A q d i ; § 60 67.6 56 \ H 4h 4 q f 4 E Bas fro PATS aR oe Ae TY 5 40 8 72.5° cof it ‘s } i => = Alf A g as Fre 5 60 4 \ H rs L 1 / E 30 77.6 : 70 \ wi ih 25 80° 3 60 \N ! N HW Z 20 025° g 60 AN A 4 \ 16 es § 40 \Y vm \ 10 87.6° 5 30 a iy \ 6 90° & 20 i 4 \ q oz. E 10 —¥- ; i E = oe aa a Cuart E31.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Iris tberica ( ----- ), Iris cengialti ( -..-..-), and Iris dorak (. ). 276 : # g 4 Fl a 4 4 : g gg # 4 : E: & g pS § : 2 El E Q E é 3 < a: ; | ef a too 426° 5 95 46° E 10 90 47.5 15 85 60° 5 20 | 80 sas" 26 { 76 65° d 30 } g 70 67.5" £ 35 A E os Yeo ; 40 I \ { i , us a 60 feos B 45 I { ii H : 3 . Ss | rN sii Hi t 8 65 4665 z 50 bs ; / it E 60 5 67.5* 65|_ |< I cA i" 1 L / 4! \ : 45 Bro oe x WA? ‘ | ip \ _|i/ H iu 3 40 S728 # eof LI it \ pda / ra \ ie Poe a Hs EAN oil ele a sas a TN ih 30 m8 To ‘wf t \' vai a ieee hy WN Tt a 20 «682.5° » 50 H NA i , “ts HZ IN 16 6 & 40 i A YAN AMAN S 10 ae co Lt . ‘ 7 \ 6 99° 0 ae 22.5° § 10 - A \ - E Cuart E 32.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Iris cengialti ( ----- ), Iris pallida queen of may (-------), and Iris mrs. alan grey ( ). j Fy 3 é é é , g g g a & § a : Ped. @ PEP EP EP ee tae eae se 2 d E 2 a ga 8 od ae eee ee " 3 3 Ss B Hy rf z E § gs BO # os —— - 32 F : bE Z E too 426° 5 fir A N 95 45° E 10 f \. ea \ N 90 478° 5 15 =: *‘y Y es 50° § 20 i 00 ses 25 / 4 Vi \ 75 65° J 30 = f g 70 STs" f ask i Z a Hl ft F 65 260° E 40% \ Z f 4 4 Nf & 8 \ i ; WW «= 60 862.5° § 45/}\4 ar 2 é A \y i it ]] 8 ss 365° — 50 NN ‘tt ! E50 5675" 65 AN = q iN H E as Bro co Ne eS re a E 40 Eras Z 90 N f q { Hf 2 35 E75 : 80 \ : : \ id 2 q \ i 1 ff ve £30 77.5° 8 70 H al il! \y & \ / TT; ft 1 25 90° 4 60 Hl HY H Mil 20 02.5" 5 60 \ i ' I Mi 15 85° é 40 i 10 ors 8 30 5 so 5 20 e2.s* 4 10 a ow Cuart 1 33.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Iris persica var. purpurea ( ----- ), Iris sindjarensis (-.-..-), and Iris pursind ( ). 277 “aQOTHD n v -™ ‘Jao Skt : i ‘ Whe: XN \ NarEve T ' uaniva| < : Ys “ACMOTHD oriand) LF : J f i VY ‘NaTUOTHD onsan: j 1 ll 3 “Li waado. TRLVULIN Wadd £ ea “guyana waad 4 + L- 2 SIN Fag % S x Ni UVLIN D > ~ » X wr mn “uve ea Late ) 3 Leer ca “SLVULIN WOLLNOY. 4 = SS “aLVaLIN, NIALLNON <— ™.. » i=) Sle ei “2 Pee : hey, 3 Phen | LLIN Y 5 y iS} “aLVUL Wo A [wed 471: f ! S Wee : i 4 ‘ “VELIN HaTDTV TESS a “ALVIN FU ce al ae utes ES a ri eel ee ai a= whe SPF | ——] f a “ELYIAOITYS Odo] aie = a ' “SLVOITvs Mata —— Sarto kb. [ops : pastes J th qr a+ -t oto} 1 pet ate. sh r—-t~ we hen kite CO ‘aamgaTos Wara tg VY ‘AqHaTas WAICOS | / nH | of $< A ; Ra “S 8 steel pot. , Ban IN < eee eee ee cal “ j ty 3 tl ‘aqrHdmas > 3 a RS “RQTHdIAS WOISS¥L a“ ss a paper ee = - eee eee cm {TNS ‘SSY. = IN 3 ‘g as ae I Ee ate beet Ts ~~. ‘Sh om p> a ae me ~ 3 = ste! he es. “aaiaor 7 SoS “saidor = “ re 0. Ss 7 or SI N # 72 2 ~SAY \ Ld 3 8 Ss Ps o PSE —o-, Ba pe SS 4-4 te |e | Os JeL—- a eee ee ‘aay on10 = : S ‘arov poe = eS ee = 47 = SS oe ap a > 3 [-4 -T 4 al - a FRFFSSS ~ == Se ac ee ee | “RIVEGAE TVE0" a “va 7 4 g YL ya S a 139 10°aH ae id 129 1A, > ae = cae, ee en anit Od o\ < “LHTOLA MVLLN: a fon “LSTOIA a rT ~ Le a oe ~~~ tly ye I~ 4 ~JJ nF s me . a. --E 7 Let es Lo d---+- Dm Ff PP bo qe | Thee sr pe a ee | wee a ad ©j72°000009009000 ee e2anesae228 8188 8&8 B88 & P Rb eee? se88 8338 8/888 2X88 8s Re ‘SHLONIME MI MONLV2DGLYTEO FITIAMOD 40 TAIL “SLANT 09 MI GAZINLVTSO HOUVIS TVIOL 40 IBD WEE ‘STLONIN MI NOLLVZDELLVIZO SISTED 40 SAIL _—“SALONTRR 09 NI GAZIMILVTZD HOUVIS TVLOL 40 1naD wea ° 2 r .3 ° = - + t t o ° ° o. ° r o . ry Be Og Mg Oe WO oe Wg MO Sg A gs. 8 & 4 b» , & bo , r) to i tH ty io afd fF Oa b KF ON bh KF OW hl Uc UNlUhlUrR COU a be ON bh KF OW hh OOO lhl KU lhl t~<3 5606 6000 oO RFK KH KH OHO OOH OD 2206008566685 RF RF RE BS SSE SB SY “MOLLVZINILVTAO 40 TMOLVEAA SL 5 ‘MOLLVZIMILVTZ9 40 TIALVaIENIL 0 ” ov O24 9% 96 9 8 9 se28 BER RFE BSSSESRS HSS KRSE < sees 8s eesseseeegsnaeve” ‘SNOIJOVEN HOOD GV LHOFT 40 ALISNTLNT 5 “SHOILOVSU YOI0D ANY LHOTT 40 KUISNZINE -----), Tritonia crocosmia aurea (ese), ). and Tritonia crocosmefiora ( Cuart E 35.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Tritonia pottsit ( 278 « C = F=—T a el ee s ‘ver T = oo : f TT a-4-__| . Ae] muneva| 3=3>= — ‘av ore. i oe ' 2 ae nl a rl S 2 _ — ac savas 3 4 at tT ay = =f + 8 z [+e ~ i tle} S 4 jeder vert — a} vari Ca=4 = | 8g “SIVe ella mace Ee Jabet = a —_-t+— *2 tied em leet ed en or | --4-77} t—-TT Naas oe ee A tes ee *ALVALIN MLOLLNOY. 7 — ane a b= ee! S a tb" VN hy. S to) beim LLVULIN + aQ Can aR | is 2 “., NT t N.. Loo ~~ se R. > i) a ‘mora mart Ci : “s3Tou a: > oe ee ee 1 \ ‘ aes ee ee ; Pais sgruorvs mardos}—} a ren a ) a 5 i coed ae a Se => 7 . ae ee eee oe Loe te pet, 3 Lop t= aos at et & + o ob OW OO WO ™]o2 9° 9000 9° 0° ee 8 ee ees ee28 8isssFs sss se Tt om Ss 7) “SELOMIM if MOLLYZUOLYTLO SLTIGMOD 40 EPAL “SALONIME 09 AN GRZINILYTEO HOUVIS TVLOL dO ZED Bad j— + . ae fA be Ry 8g Be By Ba ha ee by bee sp" a rs a 8 e a bod e a b fF oO a ae ee ee ee De 2 eee ee 6200305 RF KF REF BSBE BSS ee ek ne ee ee & ‘WOLLYZIMILYTES 40 PAOLVETENEL Sl pes ne ey : = © o 6 © ow © » Oo 9” Oo w ” o T7108 N, 5 sSesessesereseseepe4esexssgsRegeee “ orm ‘BHOLLOViE HOTOO GV LHOTT 40 KLIBNRLT -gaiaot > = Ss = = _|. | PS = 2 ee ee a ae Sian Cees ee 2 Popo pedeet itt! a al 3 s “ary onto —— s |p S38 ae ey ee ad bee a | 2's ‘qov aTaaHd 7 9 S$ RIVE 7 i 4 ae ue > 1 j_-4 R et re i} 2 y a oad Ov STUN =— ie ee Bi isa) ae ht — pre og ===y>3+Y ian Bas et re ee o's ~P=42I 4-H it ae Lo eae ~4.] a ee ee ee 2 an Oe Ss 2 ot ey eae oe a eee os — a "any C —— -d- 1 Late 2. 8 e-t> = == 4 + oe 8 e4- Lt = On ikl Le | ete] ~ oT TT Lan fee ‘av == RM “wy = = a —* ff. Lr | ft — =< / L— a LAT ae es LAKT let “Bivuqan wae = aS Ss “aLvaqaE — ee sped Set ae > Sees b-LL LL pala | tf] *F=b} et ee TIO 19% LL aft 3 THO T — lo oe > k a eet 8 = ok an —— = 3 + Nok. o ~h-IN = 2 ~taS “ET10IA NL 5 3 ‘az1ou \ % ‘Kr G Brame 8 = a eA —T a - ait s Lepetctt on Oo OH Oo o M19 98900099000 ib) - oe288 8892938 81/8 § 8&8 B88 a l . Ff 2 ans Be 8e|gssrFes8 ese e SALONA A NOLLVZTNIVIZD TLTTEHOO 40 THLE —-“SSLANTPE 09 HI GRZIMLIVIZD HOUVIS TVLOL 40 IND Wad 3 ‘SRLQMIN AT MOLLVZINILVIED 2251209 40 SAUL ——“SALOATN oP UT GEZLTLIYIND HOWVIS 1V103 40 LAND wad ° ° ° ° ° . ° ° 5 be « be 2 % “ 2 a Coa & o ) io oo & b b o o to o e g 2 . 8 + © . « * e * * © 3 ° * fan) = - © - © g 2 q 7 @ 4 2 2 rk Oa b Fk OW he OWN bh FON hh OK OOO bk Og & KF Oa be OW bo KO WwW KR OG $2 FbbRbESSSERERP RE SS SESaS ca} $2388 85bssssrexeergsgesesesag “NOLLYZDULVTI9 40 TUNLVETANSL MOLLVZIMLLVTAD ZO TUOLVARANAL ono wv ov ono wv OH OH OH 9 ww QO & iw eeooorF GSH HBFTET HO OANA HK SH fg 88s 38 2£28 838 8 $s8sagee° “SMOLLSVTS SOTO) OMY THOM 40 ALISNALME a “SHOLLOVAE 80109 GUY LHOM 40 LUSTER Cuart E 38.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Begonia double white (-----), Begonia socotrana ). (----+-), and Begonia julius (. Cuart E 37.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Begonia double light rose (-----), Begonia socotrana ). (-..-++-), and Begonia ensign ( aBeSesagseag 42.6° 6 48° E 10 AT. 5 16 50° z 20 62.6' H 26 6s° J 30 ere P 35 E60" ao| gees" 3 46 ges q 60 S675" "65 270° = ar go 1S M 60 17.6 : “70 eo 4 60 62.6" : 60 es & 40 87.5° 3 30 eo 8-20 b2.6° 5 10 til! Tailh fil ' git rey k 4 ACN \ iin \ ~~ if \ T q \ p_ | A I : VI! ! \ \ 1 \ \ H \ i Cuart E 39.—Composite Curves of the Starches ), Begonia soco- of Begonia double deep rose ( trana (-..-..-), and Begonia success ( A i 4 E gE) eb) A oo : Peeters | pbeet dP i f ae: i PE 5 bl 4 _ Pa ee “FY xe 100 42.6' 5 me = \ ae bn Pad ud xJ- = ; ee . A Sy j 7 1 ; Ba 90 ane F 15 Tk f ‘ | ee os TH Ht i 75 65° FI 30 ; t + : i ; 1 7.5° f 35 it 7 H J : ae ee 7 Homiccor oe AHN KA § 60 "al § 45 ms ra I] \ | 1 ; ] 2 ; i s5 365° 60 jal i al Baer " | | é 50 oe 65} -* = ii \ j \ / / i ! 1 B as Bre 00 ri apaeeereag 6 6 0 6 Ola oO a 6 4 6 GSO a ° - ° er o ° Ny ° 10 Cuart E 40.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Rich- ardia albo-maculata ( and Richardia mrs. roosevelt ( ). ), Richardia elliottiana ( -------), ). ), Musa gilletit (-..-..-), and 280 « = = =t— > at ap Te in : TH ro a ote = aan oe Ph = am i i res eS = : mnreyel ee ee es ee ee ee ee <== : |__ cle ee es bet ee es ee Oe coed ‘ een al Pe lt oneda. =e = at ~ “SUTUOTHD nid: = — LoS EAE : oe eee = Lt ee ae ate ee Pre — --4- i oe uw °S “NN P—S=F=+_J_1 = rag stn = to ce SShspe ted | | 3 ee et oe = mw avai See 8 a ee er = » a a geen ee a ed ae an oleae a suvaIN = ) “SVaLUT at on ~~h 3 “BS ~fel 8 ox 2 uu = — “SIvUL = , -~ Pe io AY de oe | SEVELIN: PRES \ i *SLVMLIN: RIQIDTY a + \ so: ee \ 1 ate 1 jon = <7 | SsIVUOrVS Maldos = ‘SLYTAOTTYS RaICoOS| oo To-F : 2 ars oe - al “4 oe hee ne we ~ i boned od ‘sa1gd1Ns wardos, ~ aque NS MOG = =p - es aie F 2 -— | ri 4 a Joe - ry i = rj ss, F=tof PRR ; Ss ~fiPpetf ‘saaus U “3 ZaInaTas =T=3. \ ‘3 J La eT " ee a nas Meow 3 nas evs a eke ac NY | an ~ in i oe wy ~~ ~ eas ce “aaraot 3 3 ‘eaqdor =— 7 > ~lal— tea 38 BAD bette T sa 7 Lo 3 2 Aa C=) X'S “aro¥ onio’ ‘any l a) A 3 ary sranna tas 8 ‘$ ‘aiov ontanatas ah N Ss a \ re ‘ (a ‘aiov onaun “ay 8 Ry passat Wan] Ph heed ok = a ee Re ae oe “F523 | sav 2) = Lee 3 ‘apy =p afi ny ede ee ee < eobseeer a —tf alae ~ ‘anv oe Sie heeds tees | ml whe ond —ta alt Tt > ‘ whit mee \ =e “aIVeCAH ‘MEVECAH PS g sa aa S a * . é & = a N 9 4 3 139 /9'aWaL} oo 8 Sl an 3 a * \ \, 2 tel OS "UeTOIA ~t i a, ‘AEIOIMA MYL! 7" ~~ Na wt \ : s - a ee ee tie oO Ae SS Sl Leper [rm ee | a a se = a oO ° « oo” Of OW OM O HW1990209000000 ee Pees see se e[sssessea a & a -eananoao tt BD HIS THOKF OH TOA SE “SALONIN AD MOLLYZINIIVIED FLTIGNOS JO SNIY “SULOMIW 09 A C3ZINLLYTAD HOYVIS TVIOL 40 Lat Bad ss “SALONA A NOLLVZIMILVISLTIdNOD 4O EPL “SELONIA 09 MI G3ZINLVIO HIUVLS TYLOL 40 IND W3d ° « ° ° ee ee ee ee ee ee Cee eee ee ee eee a eee a ab yk OW ber ON bh RH OWN KF ON he ON b ® fF OW © F&F O WM Db FF ON ttt © 6b 6b Hb Oo Go RK KF KF OO OD DO DO a v i a i “NOLLVZINILVTEOD dO TUOLVNIGAIL fon] z “MOLLVZINILVTSS 40 THOLVUIdMSL © op oe DOH OH O HW OM H O HOW SRS R SRR SSR ESS RSS a ee” 3 Sse Ssrresssseesegssgsaeaee “SNOILOVIE MOTOS GNV LHOTI 40 ALISNSLAT [e) “BMOLLOVER BOTOD ANY LHOM 40 ALISNALNT Ds Cuart E 43.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Miltonia vevillaria (-----), Miltonia rezlii (--.-.-), and Miltonia bleuana ( 281 Fl 4 i A gfe et ia eg Po feed afi tadd PEE tag | : a i : E F : 100 42.6 6 ual = a SEasE in | e5 45) 10 L 80 = 47.5' 16 I 65 50° 20 I | 80 «52.5 26 | 75 ~=«265' 30 ; asi , —_ —s co me N Sirs] ee ee eee ee = INTERSITY OF LIGHT AND COLOR REACTIONS. a ° oF ® N a yn o 2oxr@e Sl[aaana sxsegegegaees8lagas ‘TURE a ° es ° ‘° ‘. 4 4 G 4 PER CENT OF TOTAL STARCH GELATINIZED IN 60 MINUTES. TIME OF COMPLETE GELATINIZATION IN MINUTES. Cuart E 44.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Cymbidium lowianum ( ----- ), Cymbidium eburneum (-..-.--), and Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum (——.). od q f : a ; ¢ g . fs a 2 one a i 4 a er a ,ag ; Py Pag a dpi gp? 5 p 3 ; : : =] A =] 100 42.6° 6 r B 96 45° E 10 . ae i Pere ee Ha | - i : cate Ryo ote A ! g 20 ] i ii aay \ 1 E 20 in fh { 80 sa." 28 Ht LL} . t oe il * fT i 7 65' d 30 I i \ i! \ \ [ 5 N T h i 8 : q 30 | Nl i 70 67.6" F a6 fii\ pA WL A 8 1 i F E T T rit nt 35 I \ / hi Hl I F es Z60° & 40 y | i \\ i + \ Lf F aol! t \ / fl HH 60 § coins e 4s\ yy, | i \ \ i} i \ [i 8 ‘ 4 ! x uh ; i § E H \ Mr \ [ ! \ }! H it fi & 45}, oF \. ] x Hb B ss jos f 60 \ Pat t ae Wey Sit-$ Vi E sol -4 Vl ‘a if : BOB OEE 188 a a “4 ; Hi : r aol Ae EN I A if! Pacfro foo Yet tt wl A TRY TT : sid has 4 0 ieee ed a itt cof NY ali Af ! held 36 * 76° 5 80 de ~J = : a Ri Wi 7 aS < i 30 77.88 70 en [7 5 ray 28 80 f 60 ¥ E - N RO 825° 5 60 3 60 16 9s Fs ao 3 | E 40 10 87.6" 5 30 ? 35, 6 0 $& 20 8 20 02.6" 8 10 f 5G § Cuart E 45.—Composite Curves of the Starches of Calanthe Cuart E 46.—Composite Curves of the Starches of rosea (----- ), Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata (-..-..-),and Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata (----- ), Calanthe Calanthe veitchii ( ). regniert (-..--.-), and Calanthe bryan ( ). 282 F 7.—Cypripedium lathamianum inversum. F 6.—Cypripedium lathamianum. F 5.—Miltonia bleuana. Cuarts F 4 ro F 7.—Percentages of Macroscopic ( ----- ) and Microscopic (--.--.-) Characters. ISzMO1 z ISEMOT be / 2 = a . . 4 \ i’ 2 Lo oi IsaHOn >» mer, 8 IsaHOTH 7 =t=> > on S Zz --7-T er er 8 8 = ee a ed es BY oil 4 ae Se Tn a 7 qViget es — 8d sivicarnig i en =I fess td s—_ To Nanda) Tr4- ~. Paat Tk rae Ott sInmiva at ed Oe ee a SINT a babe bee ee LOd SV ZHVS |=

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+ = About the same as @# Chloral hydrate.............. - + - Intermediate 9 =< Chromic acid................. _ + Deficit Intermediate Pyrogallic acid................ - + - Higher than either parent 2 = Nitric acid................... - + - Intermediate 29 =o Sulphuric acid................ - + _ About the same as 2 2. Narcissus poetaz triumph: Histologic properties 1 0) 4 1 ea ee + - Excess - PAHS ses eos sos Sreyeiewsisom a bieyers - Character Excess - Toarriel 6). sco. 95 geatepvaidanecn deed dc + <= = = DIZE se ec satvray daria daanetunmansin wien + - Excess ~ Qualitative reactions Polarization (figure)........... = + _ (Intensity) same as & Belen ican wa vr cacce oxioeak sete _ + = a TOMING 5 iccicr anaes alneiata shige: - + = Same as o Chloral hydrate............... + = = Higher than either parent 9 Chromic acid............0.00. + - = Higher than either parent 9 Pyrogallic acid................ + _ ce Higher than either parent Nitric acid.................085 + a = Higher than either parent Sulphuric acid.......... ee + = = About the same as 3. Narcissus fiery cross: Histologic properties OTM 28. creates nei vedio cassis sacs + oe = = PRT P os eeasictee sig esc ese chuave se vcasvoiesasecone Character Eccentricity - =_ Dian cl lees vicasiewcaiviestooesienesarseereis'e + ras r = Size... Peacint + = = - Qualitative reactions Polarization (figure)........... - + - (Intensity) same as o Beles estrectinctninwieaneinaccnnes - + - - DOING: 2 ieaiecasiieusiee dyarcrantaerir snare se aa - Same as 9 Chloral hydrate............... + - + Lower than either parent o Chromic acid........... 200005 + = - Lower than either parent 9 Pyrogallic acid. ............... + - - Higher than either parent Nitric acid.............c000005 + = - Lower than either parent 9 =< Sulphuric acid................. + - Intermediate 9 = 292 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TaBix C 6.—Narcissus.—Continued. : : Closer, as a whole, to the— Ex deficit Designation, agent and reagent. Ceeet ce ett OE Quantitative reactions. Seed parent. | Pollen parent. individual. 4. Narcissus doubloon: Histologic ee Form........ iene Utes cease Be + - Deficit = Ws oes decrees oe cecscay ae Character Lamelle . fue kena pet + Size.. ‘ PE LERER ERS _ Qualitative Teactions: Polarization (figure)........... Selenite...................02. Iodine. . Chloral hydrate. Chromic acid.. Pyrogallic acid. . Nitric acid.. Sulphuric acid... 5. Narcissus cresset: Histologic properties Deficit ~ (Intensity) same as 9 | I++ +11 | - Same as 9 = = Lower than either parent 9 =o’ + _ Lower than either parent 9 - - About the same as both parents _ = Intermediate 9 _ Intermediate 2 b++1++1 Lamelle . Size... ete a Ate Ageia Qualitative reactions Polarization see Sie ay eee a+ = (Intensity) same as o Selenite. . AM wtdetteachareaet _ + - - + +1+1 Todine. . 7 Leahae Hee ~ - Same as co Chloral hydrate. . Terre 4- - Higher than either parent 9 Chromic acid.. Same as 9 Chloral hydrate... wih tte Wes ++ : - - Lower than either parent 9 =< Chromic acid................. + ! _ _ Lower than either parent 9 =o Sodium salicylate.............. + _ _ Lower than either parent 9 =o Barium chloride............... + | _ ~ Lower than either parent 9 =o’ Mercuric chloride............:. + | - me Lower than either parent 9 =o! while those of the raw grains are closer to the pollen parent. With one exception, in all of the qualitative reactions of all four hybrids the relationship is closer to the seed parent. Excess of qualitative development was noted once, deficit once, and individuality not at all. The quantitative reactions are frequently intermediate, sometimes the same as or higher or lower than both parents; usually very much closer to the seed parent and far separated from the pollen parent, and rarely the same as or closer to the pollen parent. RicHarpia. (TaBie C 12.) In form, polariscopic figure, selenite reaction, and iodine reaction the hybrid inclines to the pollen parent ; in lamelle it is equally related to both parents; and in all other designations closer to the seed parent. Deficit of development was noted twice, excess of development once, and individuality not at all. The quantitative reactions are quite variable in their parental relationships, and without other than casual correspondence in their bearings with the qualitative reactions. Mousa. (Tasiz C 13.) With the exception of the number of the lamelle, the designations of this hybrid are toward the pollen parent. The quantitative reactions are in all seven designations toward the pollen parent. Tasie C 17.—Calanthe. Closer, as a whole, to the— E deficit Designation, agent and reagent. MCR Es eo Quantitative reactions. individual. Seed parent. | Pollen parent. 1. Calanthe veitchii: Histologic properties x MIs ap dean pang ee SERGE ee Most Some = _ PRUE oer c.f it eamereae twas eae + - - _ Lamella... 1.1... eee ee ee es + _ - - Size Mai cece ncvetaun coke wie - + - — Qualitative reactions . Polarization ene fetes + - - (Intensity) intermediate 9 Selenite... ich GW oes KS + - - _ LOUEE. shea ey dew va ween caeaead + << - Intermediate 9 Chloral hydrate............... - + - Higher than either parent 9 Chromic atidssssseacaciccaaen + — ars Same as 9 Hydrochloric acid.............]. + - - Lower than either parent 9? Potassium hydroxide........... - + - Intermediate 2 Sodium salicylate.............. = + = Higher than either parent 9 2. Calanthe bryan: Histologic properties OPM icon eee tae tent. teh eat Bee Some Most - - Hilum Seca Mibu tepevrasaes Sakae - + - - Lamell@.............. valet dooye - + _ — BIZG cies vciw eg dreawuee Oe Gee Length, width Size Excess - Qualitative reactions Polarization (figure)........... - + - (Intensity) intermediate #7 Selenitewsccccsvcevevegceecues = + - _ TOUMIE: cc cx ceaeenadanesavunes + om . Intermediate 9 =o Chloral hydrate............... + = = Intermediate 9 =o Chromic acid. eee + _ - Intermediate o Hydrochloric acid............. _- + - Higher than either parent Potassium hydroxide........... = + - Same as 9 Sodium salicylate.............. + a Intermediate 9 =< 302 Puarus. (Tasie C 14.) With the exception of the character of the hilum and the reaction with iodine the hybrid in its histologic properties and qualitative reactions is closer to the seed parent. Excess of development is noted once; deficit and individuality not at all. The quantitative reactions are very variable in their parental relationships, exhibiting sameness in relation to one parent or the other or both parents, intermediateness, and excess or deficit in relation to parental extremes, as the case may be. Mirtonta. (TaBre C 15.) Except in the eccentricity of the hilum and size of the grains all of the designations of this hybrid incline toward the seed parent. The qualitative reactions while variable in their parental relationships tend with one exception to the seed parent, but in none to the pollen parent. Cyrmpipium. (Tasie C 16.) The hybrid bears a closer relationship to the seed parent in all of the histologic and qualitative designa- tions with the exception of eccentricity of the hilum and of ratio of length to breadth of the grains. In the quantitative reactions the inclination is, with one exception, to lower reactivity than in either parent, the hybrid being in the latter reactions lower than in either parent but as close to one as to the other parent. The leaning is generally very doubtful because of the great rapidity of the reactions. Cauantue. (TasueC 17.) In C. vettchit two-thirds of the designations incline to the seed parent. In form most of the grains are more like those of C. rosea, and only some like those of the other parent. In hilum and lamelle the hybrid is close to the seed parent, but in size closer to the other parent. In the polarization figure, selenite reaction, and iodine reaction it is closer to the seed parent. In the qualita- tive reactions with chloral hydrate, potassium hydroxide and sodium salicylate it is closer to the pollen parent; but in those with chromic acid and hydrochloric acid it is closer to the seed parent. In the quantitative reactions throughout the hybrid is the same as or closer to the seed parent. In C. bryan the designations are about equally divided in their parental closeness. In form some of the grains are more like those of the seed parent, but most are like those of the pollen parent—the reverse of what was recorded in the other hybrid (in this set the seed parent is the same as the pollen parent in the preceding set). There is in this hybrid in comparison with the other hy- brids reversal of the relations of the hilum and lamelle _ to the parents, and there is a splitting of the characters pertaining to size—the grains in ratio of length to breadth being closer to the seed parent, but in size gener- ally closer to the pollen parent. While the polariscopic figure and selenite reaction are in comparison with the foregoing hybrid reversed, the iodine reaction remains closer to the seed parent. The qualitative reactions like- wise show curious differences. Here the chloral hydrate, chromic acid, and sodium salicylate reactions are closer to the seed parent, while the hydrochloric acid and po- tassium hydroxide reactions are closer to the pollen parent SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. (the reactions of chloral hydrate, hydrochloric acid, and sodium salicylate being reversed, but those of chromic acid and potassium hydroxide remaining the same in comparison with those of C. veitchit). The quantitative reactions exhibit a tendency to mid- intermediateness, and otherwise mostly to closeness to the pollen parent. In only one of the seven quantitative designations is there manifest greater closeness to the seed parent than to the pollen parent. HistoLocic PRoPerties oF STARCHES OF Hysrips in RELATION TO THOSE OF THE PARENTS. In the preceding section, in the consideration of the peculiarities of each starch, reference was made to the remarkable shifting of the various histologic characters in their parental relationships. These peculiarities are of exceptional interest and significance, and they have been presented for the most part in a succinct form in Table D. One would not unnaturally be led to the conclusion that if the grains of the hybrid are closely like those of the seed parent or the pollen parent in form, lamellw, and size, the same would hold good for the hilum, but such may in fact be far from the case. Moreover, not only may there be different parental rela- tionships of the hybrid starch in form, hilum, lamelle, and size, but there may also be a splitting of characters in each of these designations, so that in a certain respect the hilum, for instance, may be close in its relationship to one parent, but in another respect equally as close to the other parent. In other words, not only are form, hilum, lamelle, and size independent characters that may be modified in the starch of any hybrid in their parental relations in like or unlike directions, but each may be split into a variable number of components which in like manner may swing to one or the other parent in an absolutely unpredictable and inexplicable way. It is unfortunate that in making the laboratory records the data pertaining to variations in form were not so syste- matically made as to make it possible to present in a consistent way the splitting of properties such as was recorded in the properties of the hilum, lamelle, and size, especially of the two former. Sufficient data were accumulated to show that such splitting is a common phenomenon, as, for instance, where it has been found that the hybrid is close to one parent in the characters and numbers of compound grains, but close to the other parent in the characters and numbers of the aggregates ; where a certain type of compound grain or aggregate is closer to that of one parent, but another type closer to that of the other; where the kinds of irregularity of the grains incline to one parent, but the frequency of irregu- larity to the other, etc. Similarly, only little analytic attention was given to the peculiarities of sizes, but enough to show that a splitting of characters must be quite common. On the other hand, the records of the peculiarities of the hilum and lamelle, while capable of much and important extension, are rich in instances of splitting. Taking several concrete examples for illus- tration, we find that both Brunsdonna hybrids are closer to the seed parent in form, hilum, and size, but closer to the pollen parent in the form, arrangement, and number of the lamelle. Hippeastrum titan-cleonia is closer to the seed parent in form and hilum; but closer to SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. * the pollen parent in lamelle and size. Hippeastrum ossultan-pyrrha is closer to the seed parent in the number of the lamelle and in size; but closer to the pollen parent in form, hilum, and characters of the lamella. Tris dorak is closer to the seed parent in form, size, characters of the hilum, and number of the lamellae; but closer to the pollen parent in eccentricity of the hilum, and in the character of the lamella, etc. Tn only two of the hybrids (Hemanthus konig albert and Lilium golden gleam) is the parental relationship in all four designations the same, 1.e., the hybrid is in form, hilum, lamellz, and size closer to one parent; the 303 former is closer to the pollen parent, and the latter to the seed parent. In other hybrids, as in Brunsdonna, Crinum hybridum j. ¢. h., Nerine dainty maid, and Narcissus cresset, as many as three designations may be closer to one parent; but there are seldom more than two, as is seen in Hippeastrum titan-cleonia and Hemanthus andromeda. In others, there may be only one, the other three being split in various ways, as in Begonia ensign, in which hybrid the form of the grains is closer to the seed parent, and the character of the hilum closer to the seed parent, but in eccentricity closer to the pollen parent; the character of the lamelle is closer to the seed TasLe D. Form. Hilum. Lamelle. Size. Hybrids. Closer, on the whole, to— | Closer, on the whole, to— | Closer, on the whole, to— | Closer, on the whole, to— Seed parent. |Pollen parent.| Seed parent. |Pollen parent.| Seed parent. |Pollen parent.| Seed parent. |Pollen parent. B. sanderee alba.......... + - + - Form, arrang. No. + - B. sander: ............45 + - + - Form, arrang. No. + - H. titan-cleonia.......... + - + = - + - + H. ossult.-pyrh .......... - + - + No. Char. + - H. dwon.-zeph........... - + + = + = - Larger grains Hemanthus andromeda. .. + - “fF - as = — Hemanthus kénig albert. . - + - + —- + _ + C. hybridum j.c.h....... - + - + - + Length Length to breadth C. kircape............... + - Char. Eccen. + - + = C. powellii..... 0.2.00... - + Eccen. Char. - + - + N. dainty maid.......... - + - a Char.,arrang.| Fineness - + N. queen of roses......... _- + Distinctness |Fiss., char., & + - - + eccen. N. giantess.............. + - - + - aa + N. abundance - + Char. Eccen. _ + + = N. glory of sarnia........ + _ + _ _ + — + N. poeticus herrick....... + - a - + — + + N. poeticus dante........ + _ - + - + = + N. poetaz triumph....... + - - Char. + - + od N. fiery cross............ + - Char. Eccen + _ + oS N. doubloon............- + - Char. _ + -_ sa0 + Nis CLESBOb5e-2esa: oie ese jeusiee ned - + + - + = + ae N. will scarlet............ + = Char. = Char. - Large Common N. bicolor apricot........ + - - Char. Char. — + - N. madame de graaff..... + - - + - + + = N. pyramus............. cd + - + — + + sae N. lord roberts........... + -_ + - + - = + N. agnes harvey......... + - Char. - + - = + N. j. t. bennett poe....... + - + - _ + + = L. marhan............... - + + - + - — + L. dalhansoni............ + - = + Char., arrang. No. + — L. golden gleam.......... + -. + - + - + = L. testaceum............. + - Char. Eccen. + - - + L. burbanki............. + - -_- + + — + as L, temal. cscs cn caaa dave es + - Char. Eccen. + -_ + = Ts GOrale. es sicaie oe carcass + = Char. Eccen. No. Char. + a I. mrs. alan gray......... + _ + _ Indist Char. el + I. pursind............... “+ - Char. Eccen. + _ + = G. colvillei............... + = Char. Eccen. So + = T. crocosmeeflora...... re + Eccen Char. + - + = B. mrs, heals sas. cs4 a0 - + Char. Eccen. _ + _ + B. ensign. mua Cx ad ened ae + - Char. Eccen. Char. No. Smaller Larger Be jC oa sacs een ee ys 5 _ + - + + —_ Sizes Length to B. success.............-- - + Char. Eccen. - + - a R. mrs. roosevelt......... - + + — = + + is MM. HY DPS cvse-ca-ceas aes - + - + No. Char., arrang. = +4 P. hybridus.............. + - - Char. Char., arrang. - + pas M. bleuana.............. + - Char. Eccen. Char. _ ~_ C. eburneo-lowianum..... + = Char. Eccen. + - Sizes Length to eal iii use eaanase Most Sams eS = ea Z = oe C. bryan... .....e eee eee Some Most -_ + - + Length to Sizes breadth 304 parent, but in number is closer to the pollen parent; and the smaller sizes are closer to the seed parent, but the larger sizes closer to the pollen parent. A similar split- ting and shifting is seen in Miltonia bleuana, in which the form is closer to the seed parent; the character of the hilum closer to the seed parent, but eccentricity is closer to the pollen parent; the character of the lamelle is closer to the seed parent, but certain other features closer to the pollen parent, or as close to one as to the other parent; and the common sizes are closer to the pollen parent. These last two instances are exceptional, probably, merely because of inadequate data. In over half the hybrid is the same as or closer to one parent in only two designations, and in less than half in three designations. In only two are all four designations alike, and in only two are all four designations different, in their parental relationships. It is of especial interest to note that in 15 of the 50 hybrids (nearly one-third) character and eccentricity of the hilum are separated in their parental relation- ships, character in 12 being closer to the seed parent and in 3 being closer to the pollen parent; while eccentric- ity in 12 is closer to the pollen parent and in 3 closer to the seed parent (an exact reversal), a most remarkable peculiarity and one that is very suggestive in connection with the processes concerned in the formation of the starch grain. Another of the several forms of splitting is instanced in Nerine queen of roses, where the hilum in distinctness is closer to the seed parent, but in fissura- tion, character, and eccentricity closer to the pollen parent ; and it is very much less often fissured but more eccentric than in either parent. The lamelle appear to show less tendency to a splitting of their characters in their parental relationships, but this may be merely apparent and not actual, as will probably be brought out by a sufficiently detailed study. In 9 of the hybrids there occurred an obvious splitting of lamellar properties, this being noted in a separation of character and num- ber; but here, unlike in the case of the hilum, there is not a definite inclination generally of one or the other of these features to one or the other parent. In the split- ting of the hilum into character and eccentricity, charac- ter tends to the seed parent and eccentricity to the pollen parent; but in the lamelle split, character, and number swing apparently indifferently to one or the other parent. In size, splitting of characters seems to be comparatively uncommon, though here as elsewhere in these studies it is probably not so much an absence of commonness as of careful investigation and analysis. Such splitting as has been recorded under this designation has been manifested chiefly in the ratios of length to breadth of the grains and of the common sizes to other types and different types of grains. QuALITATIVE AND QvaNTITATIVE Reactions oF Starcues or Hysrips wirn Esprciat Rer- ERENCE TO REVERSAL OF THESE REACTIONS IN THEIR ParentaL RELATIONSHIPS. (Table E, Parts 1 to 21 and Summary.) In the first section, in the tabulations of the starches in regard to histologic and polariscopic properties and to the reactions with iodine and various chemical reagents, data were collected to indicate that the characters em- SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. braced under the designations form, hilum, lamelle, and size, respectively, may in each designation collectively be independently heritable ; or that each designation may be split into several independently heritable characters, so that a given hybrid may have a starch that is like that of the seed parent in form, but like that of the other parent in the lamelle; or that it may be like one parent in the general characters of the hilum, but like the other parent in the eccentricity of the hilum, and so on. In the second section, further consideration was given to these peculiarities with reference to histological inheritance. It was shown, moreover, that each reaction is, in its qualitative and quantitative manifestations, heritable independently of each other, so that while with a given reagent there may be sameness or near sameness in the qualitative reaction to the seed parent, with another reagent the relationship may correspond to the pollen parent; that while a given qualitative reaction may cor- respond to that of the seed parent, the correlative quanti- tative reaction may correspond to that of the pollen parent, etc.; and that while with one reagent the rela- tionship may be to the seed parent, with another reagent it may be to the pollen parent, and soon, These parental similarities and dissimilarities are of such interest and suggestiveness in connection with both the constitutional peculiarities of different starches and the mechanism of heredity that it seems desirable to tabulate such data more fully and with especial reference to the reversals of the qualitative and quantitative reactions of each agent and reagent in their parental relationships. Of Table E it will be noticed that with only three of the agents and reagents were the reactions of all of the 50 hybrids re- corded; and that in the others the number of hybrids varied from 1 to 32 (in seven less than 10, and in eleven 10 or more—the restricted numbers being due to the limitations of studies of the qualitative reactions). The most conspicuous features of these tables, apart from those already referred to, are: (1) The absence in members of a genus of constancy of both qualitative and quantitative reactions as regards sameness of the reactions in their parental bearings; (2) the tendency to the appearance of a definite ratio in the qualitative reactions in their inclinations to the seed and pollen parent; (3) the tendency to an absence of such a ratio in the quantitative reactions in their in- clinations to the seed and pollen parent; (4) the large percentage of instances of reversal of the parental rela- tionships of qualitative and quantitative reactions with given agents and reagents. It will be noted that in the reactions with each rea- gent there does not exist generic constancy or uniformity of either qualitative or quantitative reactions in their parental closeness. For instance, while in the chloral hydrate qualitative reactions of Brunsdonna, Hippeas- trum, Hemanthus, and Begonia all of the hybrids be- longing to each genius incline to the seed parent, in all other genera represented in which there are two or more members some of the hybrids of each genus incline to one parent and others to the other parent. Thus, in Crinum one hybrid inclines to the seed parent and two to the pollen parent; in Nerine four incline to the seed parent and one to the pollen parent; in Narcissus eleven incline to the seed parent and two to the pollen parent; in Lilium three incline to the seed parent and two to the SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. pollen parent; in Iris three incline to the seed parent and one to the pollen parent; and in Calanthe one in- clines to the seed parent and one to the pollen parent. In the quantitative reactions this absence of constancy to one or the other parent is much more marked; thus, in only Brunsdonna and Begonia do all of these chloral- hydrate reactions tend to the seed parent; but in no genus do all of them incline to the pollen parent. Exam- ining the different generic groups we note that in Hip- peastrum in two hybrids the reactions incline to the seed parent and in one to the pollen parent; in Hamanthus in one hybrid the reaction inclines to one as much as to the other parent, and in the other to the seed parent; in Crinum one inclines to the seed parent and two to the pollen parent; in Nerine one inclines to the seed parent and four to the pollen parent; in Narcissus five incline to the seed parent, six to the pollen parent, and two in- cline to one as much as to the other parent ; in Liliwm two incline to the seed parent and three to the pollen parent; in Iris two incline to one as much as to the other parent, and two incline to the pollen parent; and in Calanthe one inclines to the seed parent and the other inclines to one as much as to the other parent. Of exceptional interest is the fact, several times noted, that in case of any hybrid the qualitative and quantitative reactions may or may not correspond in their parental inclinations. It is certainly remarkable that with a given reagent the qualitative reaction may correspond with that of the seed parent and the quantitative reaction with that of the pollen parent, or vice versa, and so on in other varied relationships. The tendency in general to a ratio of approximately 2:1 in the qualitative reactions in their relations to the seed and pollen parents is well marked. This ratio varies from 4:0 to 1:1, but in about half of the cases it will be found to be as first stated. Totaling these rec- ords, it will be seen that 62.8 per cent of these reactions incline to the seed parent and 35.8 per cent to the pollen parent, a ratio of 1.8:1. In other words, there is approximately twice the tendency for the qualitative reaction to be closer to the seed parent than to the pollen parent. There is not a corresponding tendency to such a com- mon ratio in the quantitative reactions, but to a marked inconstancy. In the qualitative reactions the ratio is always in favor of the seed parent; but in the quantita- tive reactions it may be in favor of either or of neither parent. Thus, it is found that there may be a ratio of 4: 1 in favor of the seed parent, or one of 1:3 or 1:4 in favor of the pollen parent, and intermediate grada- tions. Summing up these reactions, 44 per cent incline to the seed parent and 40 per cent to the pollen parent— a ratio of approximately 1:1. In studying the quanti- tative records the large number of reactions that are recorded as being the same as those of both parents should be taken into consideration, because had these been shown to have had in each case, or even in most cases, definite uniparental inclinations these ratios would of course be subject to more or less modification. Nearly all these reactions showed no difference from the parental reactions because of gelatinization occurring with too great a rapidity or slowness for differentiation. Modi- fied strengths of reagents would doubtless have elicited differences that are wholly obscured by very quick or 20 305 slow reactions. It is, however, not probable that there would be brought about any important change, as a whole, in these ratios. Why the qualitative ratios should be so different from the quantitative ratios is entirely problematical, very interesting, and very suggestive of stereochemic peculiarities of the starches. No feature of these records is more remarkable than the reversal of the qualitative and quantitative reactions of a given starch with a given reagent in their parental inclinations. It is of importance to note that this phe- nomenon is not peculiar to any starch or reagent, but is common, and doubtless common to all starches and to all reagents. With not a single starch was it found that there was not such reversal; and with only four of the reagents (strontium nitrate, barium chloride, and mer- curic chloride) was reversal not recorded, the reason for which is doubtless to be found in the small number of qualitative reactions recorded with these reagents (four reactions with the first, one with the second, and four with the third). Not less remarkable than the reversal of the reactions is the frequency with which this phe- nomenon occurs, the percentages ranging from 6 in the iodine reactions to as high as 50 in the cobalt-nitrate and cupric-chloride reactions with the different starches. The mean is 22.5, or close to one-fourth. TaBle E. Qualitative reactions, * closer as a whole to— Quantitative reactions, * closer as a Hybrids. whole to— Seed |Pollen| Seed | Pollen parent./parent./parent./parent. 1. Polarization reactions: Brunsdonna sanderee alba......... Brunsdonna sandere............. Hippeastrum titan-cleonia........ Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh Hippeastrum deon.-zeph.... Hemanthus andromeda... Hemanthus kénig albert.... Crinum hybridum j.c.h.... Crinum kircape.................. Crinum powellii.................. Nerine dainty maid............... Nerine queen of roses............. Nerine giantess............-..00- Nerine abundance................ Nerine glory of sarnia............ Narcissus poeticus herrick......... Narcissus poeticus dante.......... Narcissus poetaz triumph......... Narcissus fiery cross.............. Narcissus doubloon.............. bib bitte Narcissus bicolor apricot... . Narcissus madame de graaff. d Narcissus pyramus............... Narcissus lord roberts............ Narcissus agnes harvey........... Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........ Lilium marhan.................. E Lilium dalhansoni................ Lilium golden gleam.............. Lilium testaceum................ Lilium burbanki................. Trig istmali ..4cax cc on ee tanieaas HHL LEHIFH EL Petter tte ttiti PLFA FEL RAE PEE EHH EE et ttt ee ee ee PRA ART Se Pees 0a see *Qualitative reactions = polarization figure; quantitative reactions = polarization intensity. 306 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Taste E.—Continued. Tasie E.—Continued. Qualitative | Quantitative Qualitative | Quantitative reactions, reactions, reactions, reactions, closer as a closer as & closer as a closer as & Hybrids. whole to— whole to— Hybrids. whole to— whole to— Seed |Pollen| Seed | Pollen Seed {Pollen} Seed | Pollen parent.|parent.|/parent.|parent. parent.|parent.|parent./parent. 1. Polarization reactions.—Cont. : 3. Chlora]-hydrate reactions.—Cont. : Tris dorak....... 0. cece eee eee + - + - Hippeastrum titan-cleonia........ + _- + = Iris mrs. alam grey. .......---000- - + - + Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh......... + - + - Iris pursind....... 0.0... eee eee + - + - Hippeastrum deon. zeph..........]| + - - + Gladiolus colvillei..............+- + - + - Hemanthus andromeda........... + - ot oe Tritonia crocosmeflora........... + - + - Hemanthus konig albert.......... + - + em Begonia mrs. heal...........-+-++ + - ae oe Crinum hybridum j.c.h.......... - + - + Begonia ensign............++000- - + + - Crinum kireape...........-.0000. + - + = Begonia julius.............-06-5+ oa o& ee + Crinum powellii........... 4 tomate -_ + - + Begonia success............-+0005 - + - + Nerine dainty maid..............] — + - + Richardia mrs. roosevelt.........- - + ao oe Nerine queen of roses............+ + - - + Musa hybrida........ aisha aigavonae 3 a + - + Nerine giantess.............-.665 + - - + Phaius hybridus............-+++- + - + - Nerine abundance..............+- + - - + Miltonis bleuana..............-5- + _ + - Nerine glory of sarnia...........-] + - + ne, Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum....| + - + - Narcissus poeticus herrick......... - + - + Calanthe veitchii.............6---]) $f _ + —- Narcissus poeticus dante.......... - + oh ok Calanthe bryan.............-+++- = + aad + Narcissus poetaz triumph......... + - + - 2. Iodine reactions: Narcissus fiery cross..........++.- + - - + Brunsdonna sanderee alba........-} + = + - Narcissus doubloon.............++ + - - + Brunsdonna sanderoe.......+-++-+ + - + - Narcissus cresset..........-2+2055 + - + - Hippeastrum titan-cleonia......... = + -_ + Narcissus will scarlet............. + - & a Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh......... + = Sad + Narcissus bicolor apricot..........) + - - + Hippeastrum deon.-zeph......... = + - + Narcissus madame de graaff.......| + - - + Hemanthus andromeda.........-]| + - oh te Narcissus pyramus.............-- + = + a Hemanthus kénig albert.......... + - ae Narcissus lord roberts............| + - + - Crinum hybridum j. c.h..........{ — + - + Narcissus agnes harvey........... + - - + Crinum kircape..........-+- ee eee + _ - + Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........ + _ + — Crinum powellii..........-.-.+05+ -_ + al oe Lilium marhan..........0000000 + - - + Nerine dainty maid.............. = + aad + Lilium dalhansoni...............- - + - + Nerine queen of roses.........-.-| = + - + Lilium golden gleam.............- - + - + Nerine giantess. ..........+-.ee+- = + - + Lilium testaceum.............-6-] - + - Nerine abundance................ + - + = Lilium burbanki................. + - + _ Nerine glory of sarnia............ + = + - Iris ismali...... 0.0... cece ee cece + - - + Narcissus poeticus herrick.........]| — + = + Tris dorak........ecee cece en eeees + - So ot Narcissus poeticus dante.......... - + aad + Iris mrs. alan grey.............-. - + - + Narcissus poetaz triumph......... - + oe + Tris pursind...........0.ceeee eee + - So Eo Narcissus fiery cross............-- ad os + - Gladiolus colvillei................ + - - + Narcissus doubloon...........-.--] - + — Tritonia crocosmeeflora........... _ + + - Narcissus cresset...........-...05 - + _ + Begonia mrs. heal................ + - + - Narcissus will scarlet............. - + - + Begonia ensign. ........0.eese00: + _- + - Narcissus bicolor apricot..........} + - + _ Begonia julius..............2.-2- + =- + =- Narcissus madame de graaff.......) + - + _ Begonia success..........2..00005 + - + - Narcissus pyramus.............+- + - + - Richardia mrs. roosevelt.......... + - + - Narcissus lord roberts............| += = ad ob Musa hybrida..............0506- - + - + Narcissus agnes harvey..........- + a + a Phaius hybridus...............-.- + - - + Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........] + = + - Miltonia bleuana...............-| + - + - Lilium marhan.................- - + — + Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum....| + _ ES Lilium dalhansoni................ + = + = Calanthe veitchii................ - + + = Lilium golden gleam.............) + - + - Calanthe bryan...............06. + - Sal Sad Lilium testaceum................ + - + - 4. Chromic-acid reactions: Lilium burbanki.................) #& _- + _ Narcissus poeticus herrick........ - + - + Vristemalieiciig cece ee eda hes eid eoesteea aus + - + - Narcissus poeticus dante........ Me - + - + Trisidorak cc icc chk os aun ache ne ans aa - + - Narcissus poetaz triumph......... + - + - Iris mrs. alan grey............5--) ox + -_ Narcissus fiery cross.............- + = + = Iris pursind. ..........-.--.+-008- - + - + Narcissus doubloon............-- - + + Gladiolus colvillei................ + - = + Narcissus cresset............2-0--) + - + a Tritonia crocosmeflora...........} + = + = Narcissus will scarlet.............| + - = + Begonia mrs. heal...............-} + = + == Narcissus bicolor apricot..........} — + + ata Begonia ensign .............-..-- + = + - Narcissus madame de graaff....... + - + = Begonia julius..................-, + - + Narcissus pyramus............--- + - + - Begonia success................-5 - + seed + Narcissus lord roberts.........-.-| — + act + Richardia mrs. roosevelt.......... - + + - Narcissus agnes harvey........... + = + = Musa hybrida.............0.0005 - + - + Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........ - + + = Phaius hybridus................4 - + - + Lilium marhan................26[ 7 + = + Miltonia bleuana................ + as + _ Lilium dalhansoni................ + = = + Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum....} + - + - Lilium golden gleam.............. + = + i= Calanthe veitchii................] + - + - Lilium testaceum............6.-.-] oF = + = Calanthe bryan...............00. + - ob ob Lilium burbanki................- + aa + = 3. Chloral-hydrate reactions: Begonia mrs. heal............++++ + a + - Brunsdonna sandere alba......... + — + a Begonia ensign............-050+5 + = + ~ Brunsdonna sandere.............) + - + - Begonia juliug..............0000 + - + - SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 307 TaBie E.—Continued. TaBLe E.—Continued. Qualitative | Quantitative Qualitative | Qualitative reactions, reactions, reactions, reactions, meee closer as a closer as a er closer as a Se asa ~ Hybrids. whole to— | whole to— ybrida. whole to— | whole to— Seed |Pollen} Seed | Pollen Seed | Pollen] Seed | Pollen parent./parent.|/parent.!parent. parent./parent.parent-/parent, 4. Chromic-acid reactions.—Cont. : 7. Sulphuric-acid reactions.—Cont. : Begonia success Abe SERS SERESE SK + _ + - Narcissus madame de graaff .......} + - + _ Richardia mrs. roosevelt.......... + - _ + Narcissus pyramus ............... + - oe ok Musa hybrida................... - + - + Narcissus lord roberts ............ + - + - Phaius hybridus................. + — = ae Narcissus agnes harvey ........... + - + - Miltonia bleuana................/ + ~ + - Narcissus j. t. bennett poe ........) + - + - Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum....| + - ate ae 8. Hydrochloric-acid reactions: Calanthe veitchii................ + _ + - TRUS ASE AND. 1s5 aveser's aha w ic ie Seve wee andes + - - + Calanthe bryan.................. + _ - + bots (0) 2:1 aan Oo + - - + By Pyrogallio-nold reaetions: Iris mrs. alan grey ..........00005 - + - + Narcissus poeticus herrick......... - + = + Iris pursind ..... 0... 6s sees eee ate = = = Narcissus poeticus dante..........] — + * * Gladiolus colvillei ................ ate os + = Narcissus poetaz triumph......... + eas = 4 Tritonia crocosmeflora ..... Se aed + + - Narcissus fiery cross.............. + - - + Richardia Le roosevelt .......... om ae es + Narcissus doubloon .............. + - * oe Phaius hybridus ................. + ~ zs + Narcissus cresset..............00- + - + - Miltonia bleuana TRE REE ERAS See Es + = - = Narcissus will searlet.............] - + - Calanthe veitchii ................. + ee Bs ae Narcissus bicolor apricot..........] — + vn + Calanthe bryan . stent ees see eeeee - +e} + Narcissus madame de graaff....... ; + + pall 9. Potassium-hydroxide reactions: Narcissus pyramus............... + - + - Crinum hybridum j.c.h.......... a ny a + Narcissus lord roberts............| — + - + Crinum kircape a A a st =) of ae Narcissus agnes harvey........... + a ae = Crinum powellii ...............--. 0 0 - + Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........ - + = + Lilium marhan ............+...-- = he = es Begonia mrs. heal................ + - + - Lilium dalhansoni ................ 5 = ie = Begonia ensign...............0.-] - + - Lilium golden gleam .............. ot <= ce =a Begonia julius.................. + - + - Lilium testaceum ................ + a =n vi Begonia success...............00- + - + _ Lilium burbanki ................- + 5 a os Musa hybrida......... a ads aaa adage - + - + obi wines roosevelt ..........] = ae ~ 6. Nitric-acid reactions: Galanthe aetisk & Lae ee Mp te ee ge z + + ot Brunsdonna sandere alba......... + - _ + Calanthe bryan .................. _ +4 ae = Brunsdonna eanderae..-0 000.2... + |= |=) Lio bemmneroatessseons Hippeastrum titan-cleonia......... + = st ot Brunsdonna sanderee alba.......... + = de + Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh......... Sa + + _ Brunsdonna sandere..............) + st sb a eee deteh maa tener ee ees a iy a ny Hippeastrum titan-cleonia.........) + | — | + | — AGS sidan Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh..........] + - + _~ Haemanthus kénig albert.......... + = ay = Hippeastrum dwon.-zeph...........] + - + - ean a jee Bee eeeeees fs AP a + Hemanthus andromeda............ + | — | + | — Siarsrake sel shereterete epee = = Hemanthus konig albert........... - - ie ae aca ah been e teen ee ees 0 i z a5 Crinum hybridum j. cv. h........... iy + aa + Nerine ay of roses.........+..- + = on cane ae ae fee PAS OCT = + a i Nerine giantess.................. - + = + Nerine dainty maid............... - + ae Nerine abundance................ + - - + Nerine Gusen‘of rosesso ale +4 a we Nerine glory of sarnia............ of = + Nerine giantess...... : ‘ . ke : ; : : : : : - + + - Narcissus poeticus herrick......... - + - + Nerine abundance...........-.-..| + a a + Narcissus poeticus dante.......... = + oe ad Nerine glory of sarnia...... : : ie + _ ote de Narcissus poetaz triumph......... + — - + Tris demalicccae cc Ee en + = aA as Narcissus fiery cross.............. + - a eo Iris dorak........... en ae coe 4 = ha As Narcissus doubloon...............] + = + - Iris mrs. alan grey. Be ee oe = + ae + Narcissus cresset................. + = + = Iris pursind...................... + at a oe Narcissus will scarlet............. + - + - Gladiolus colvillei. . bes ens End 4 ef == Narcissus bicolor apricot.......... - + a + Tritonia crocosmeflora............ ne + = Narcissus madame de graaff.......] + - + - Phaius hybridus. ..... pee es [hh us ay re Narcissus pyramus............... saa oe (ie ae Miltonia bleuana.................) + | — | 4 ] — Narcissus lord roberts............) = + + = 11. Potassium-sulphocyanate reactions: Narcissus agnes harvey........... + _ + = Brunsdonna sandere alba.........} + _ o & pene i. ei poe........ 5 + * = Brunsdonna sandere.............. + - a + egonla mrs. heal...............- _ zi Hippeastrum titan-cleonia......... + - oe = Begonia ensign.................. + = Te m Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh..........) + - - Begonia julius................... + = + = Hippeastrum deon.-zeph.......... + = + es tle re swaps eseieee Al a t = 7 Hemanthus andromeda........... + _ + S lus NYDTIGUS..... +. +--+ ee ee eee Fa Hemanthus konig albert........... = - 7. Sulphuric-acid reactions: Crinum hybridum j.c.h........... i. + ia + Narcissus poeticus herrick......... - + - + Crinum kircape................... + - - + Narcissus poeticus dante.......... = + + - Crinum powellii.................. - + - + Narcissus poetaz triumph......... + = = + Nerine dainty maid...............]. — + + _ Narcissus fiery cross.............. + aad ot oe Nerine queen of roges............. - + + _ Narcissus doubloon...............] — + + - Nerine giantess................... - + - + Narcissus cresset................- + — + - Nerine abundance................. + - _ 4 Narcissus will scarlet............. + az + - Nerine glory of sarnia............. + - = + Narcissus bicolor apricot..........]. — = = Phaius hybridus.................. + - oe oe 308 TasLe E.—Continued. SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TaBLe E.—Continued. Qualitative | Qualitative Qualitative | Qualitative reactions, reactions reactions, reactions, closer as a closer as a closer as a closer as a Hybrids. whole to— | whole to— Hybrids. whole to— | whole to— Seed | Pollen] Seed | Pollen Seed | Pollen] Seed | Pollen parent.|parent.|parent.|/parent. parent.|parent.|parent.|parent 12. Potassium-sulphide reactions: 18. Copper-nitrate reactions: Hemanthus andromeda............ 0 0 ad ok Brunsdonna sandere: alba.........}) + - - + Hemanthus konig albert........... + - + - Brunsdonna sandere.............) + - - + Crinum hybridum j.c.h...........) — + — ot Crinum hybridum j. vc. h........... - + =- + Crinum kircape................-. + _ + - Crinum kireape................... + - + - Crinum powellii...............2.., — + - + Crinum powellii.................. - + _ + Nerine dainty maid............... - + oe = 19. Cupric-chloride reactions: Nerine queen of roses.............. - + _ + Brunsdonna sandere alba.........| + - - + Nerine giantess................4.. - + - + Brunsdonna sanderee..............] + - — + Nerine abundance................] + _ 4 Crinum hybridum j.c.h...........] — + — + Nerine glory of sarnia.............| + - - + Crinum kircape................6-./, # -_ + a Phaius hybridus ............. + - ob o& Crinum powellii.................., — + - + 13. Sodium-hydroxide reactions: Lilium marhan. . ieee e eee ees - + - + Tris ismali.. Serer a= = 7 ea Lilium dalhansoni................., + - - + Iris dorak...0.. 00s ee cece eee eel # - + - Lilium golden gleam.............. + 4 a a Iris mrs. alan grey...........-....] — + os + Lilium testaceum................. + = + Tris pursind. ..............-.-005. + = + a Lilium burbanki.............-.... cE = a : Gladiolus colvillei................) + | — | + | — | 20. Barium-chloride reaction: Tritonia crocosmeflora ...........] — + + _ Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum.....| + - * * Phaius hybridus.................. + | — | — | + | #1. Mercuric-chloride reactions: 14, Bodium-sulphide xeartions: eee Sai Ge. Bick eeak ena OS + - + Crinum hybridum j.c.h...........) — | + | — | 4+ yim ae Bea er ome: Se Crinum kireape...................) 4 - + = aac ania me ac ary ee = + Crinum powellii............. 0-0... = |e | ce be ymbidium eburneo-lowianum .... salt ieee (ec Phaius hybridus .................. + - - + 15. Sodium-salicylate reactions: Summary or TasBLe E.—Qualitative and Quantitative Reactions Brunsdonna sanderee alba.........| + = ar = of the Starches of Hybrid-stocks in regard to Sameness and Brunsdonna sandere..............{ + = + = Inclination to one or the other or both Parent-stocks. Hippeastrum titan-cleonia........., + _ + - Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrh..........) — + - + epee i ate 1 litative | Quantitative | 4 Hippeastrum deon.-zeph.......... oe st ote ot Qua : 3 Hemanthus andromeda...........| + - — + 8 reactions. reactions. 28 Heemanthus kénig albert...........] + - - + a 6@ : : loser Closer SB Crinum hybridum j.c.h...........] — + - + & e Pt *| 1188 Crinum kircape...................{ - + ee S onthe | | onthe | # [a3 ; rf Agents ] whole, @ | whole, a|3q Crinum powellii..................) + - ao d 3 ® o|33 Nerine dainty maid............... - + - + a = |to the—| & |to the—| § | oq Nerine queen of roses..............| + - - + Reagents. 3 Fe = 7 bs q z Nerine giantess..............0.005 + - _ + 6 e|/ a] 8 ]s] ale oa Nerine abundance................. + - - + Se 8 z 8 8 z 2 £ a Nerine glory of sarnia.............] + - + = ae S a g zs a 33 Tristismall:,.cccigtcuammncanca. || Se - - + og 6} 2 6] 2 |S Prisidorakeicss cage aisigergecmeauenty SS - + _ 3 3 3 q 3 3 q a5 Iris mrs. alan grey................ - + = + 4 ma) A |) Oa) nla | ale Iris pursind. . + - + _ . Gladiolus colvi ‘lle... a3 = ats = eins Arsesnitce aS Manes 24 | 25 1} 27/19]; 4] 6 Tritonia erécosraehord aoe lie ne + = on WG) csvarc estinnae ood hab aA 28 | 20] 2] 26] 18; 6] 3 : : Es oral hydrate...........| 50 | 38 | 12 0 |} 23 | 20 7 | 15 Richardia mrs. roosevelt. . eats niew eae as + a aie . * Musa hybrids zg 4 ios de Chromic acid........... 29 | 21 8}; 0/18}; 9] 2] 5 Degas PU gwar cetet Mira or Pyrogallic acid............} 18 | 11 7 Oo}; 8] 7] 34 2 Phaius hybridus.................. + _ + Nitri id 32 Miltonia Bleuans. jacgel |e ae) se My a acid. oF bee be BEERS AS : 22 | 10 1; 19 9 4 8 Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum . seeel of - oe ot si : coh te ‘cid ake wal i : a ee ia Calanthe veitchii................. - + + - spe reba hc bee ee a) Sh 2 Gea tee Calanthe bryan.................4. + - ok Potassium hydroxide ae 11 7; 4) O} 2] 3] 6] 2 : : ; Potassium iodide..........] 28] 15} 8] 0} 10] 7] 6] 6 16. Strontium-nitrate reactions: Potassium sulphocyanate...| 16 | 11 5 0 5 6 5 5 Begonia mrs. heal.............-...] + aR = Potassium sulphide........ 10] 5! 5] Oj] 2] 6] 2] 2 Begonia ensign...............+.-. ae = ae — | Sodium hydroxide......... 7/ 4{ 3] Oo] 2] 2] 3] 2 Begonia julius.................... + - + — Sodium sulphide........... 4 2 2 0 1 3 0 1 Begonia success. oF = + = Sodium salicylate.......... 28/18} 9] 1/10/14] 4] 8 17. Cobalt-nitrate Tarehiona: Strontium nitrate.........| 4/ 4] O] O] 4] O/} O|] O Brunsdonna sanderee alba ......... + - - + Cobalt nitrate............. 8} 6) 2} O}] 2] 6] O| 4 Brunsdonna sandere..............| + - — + Copper nitrate............| 6 3 2 0 1 4 0 2 Lilium marhan.................../ = + - + Cupric chloride............ 10| 7] 3 Oo; 3 7| Of} 5 Lilium dalhansoni.................) + - _ + Barium chloride........... 1 1/ O07; O} 1] Of 1] 0 Lilium golden gleam............... + - “+ — Mercuric chloride.......... 4 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 Lilium testaceum................. + _- - + Lilium burbanki isnseuv die te eee aA + - + - Total number.......... 374 |235 {1384 | 5 |166 |150 | 59 | 84 Musa hybrida...................., + al + Per C001 sy cdeee Ged teens 62.8/35.8/1.34) 44 | 40 [15.8/22.5 ae SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF Eacuo Hysrip Srarcu. (Tables F, Parts 1 to 50 and Summary; G and H, Parts 1 to 26 and Summaries 1 and 2.) In Chapter I particular reference was made to the recognition of intermediateness as one of the primary criteria of hybrids, this applying not only to macroscopic and microscopic characters of plants, but also to the microscopic characters of starches. Intermediateness of starches was therein shown to have been recorded by MacFarlane (page 7) in Ribes, Bryanthus, and Hedy- chium, and by Darbyshire (page 8) in Piswm. Mac- Farlane states that in Ribes grossularia, R. culverwellit (hybrid) and R. nigrum the starch grains of the three are very variable in size, but in the first the largest are 7 and the average 4u; in the third the largest are 3p and the average 114n; and in the second the largest are 5u and the average 3u. In Menziesis empertriformis var., Bryanthus erectus (hybrid) and Rhododendron chamecistus he found that in the third the starch grains are 4y across the largest, though most are from 2p to 3p; in the first the largest granules are 6m across, and in all cases they are larger than in the third; and in the second the size of the granules falls rather toward the third. In Hedychium gardnerianum, H. sadlerianum (hybrid), and H. coronarium he notes that in the first each starch grain is a small triangular plate, measuring 10u to 12, from hilum to base, and that the lamination is not very distinct ; in the third each grain is ovate, or in some cases tapered rather finely to a point at the hilum, 32, to 60 long from hilum to base, and the lamination is very marked; in the second “the grains may best be described if we suppose a rather reduced one of the first parent to be set on the reduced basal half of one of the latter. The lamination also is more pronounced than in the first, less so than in the second.” Darbyshire records that the round starch grain of the F, generation is a blend between the type of grain of the round pea (the potato-shaped) and the type of grain of the wrinkled pea (the compound) in respect to the three characters: length-breadth-index, distribution of compoundness, and degree of compoundness. While these data are very meager they are concordant and in harmony with the dictum of intermediateness of histologic and naked-eye characters of hybrids. In the present research it was found in the studies of the histologic peculiarities that in case of every hybrid there are certain characters that are intermediate, the degree of intermediateness varying from mid-interme- diateness to almost identity with one or the other parent. Mid-intermediateness was found to be, on the whole, far less common than a degree of intermediateness that closely approached one or the other parent; identity of a given character with that of one or the other parent was quite common; development of a given character or character-phase in excess or deficit of those of both parents quite frequent; and the appearance of individ- ualities in the hybrid that are not seen in either parent was by no means rare. In fact, it seems clear that the more in detail these studies are carried out the farther we are taken from the conception of generality of inter- mediateness of the properties of the hybrid. The records of the histologic peculiarities of the starches are fully supported by those of the histologic and macroscopic characters of plants as set forth in this chapter and in 309 Part II, Chapter II, and also by the qualitative and quantitative reactions of the starches throughout the entire range of agents and reagents as shown by the data that are represented especially in Chapter III and Part II, Chapter I. In preceding parts of the present chap- ter various tabular statements exhibit from different aspects parental relationships of the hybrids. It seems desirable at this point to tabulate the reaction-intensi- ties of the hybrids with reference to sameness to one or the other parent or both parents, intermediateness, and excess and deficit of development in relation to the parents, so that one may see at a glance, as it were, the relative importance of the several phases of parent-charac- ter development in regard to the reaction-intensities of: (a) Each hybrid starch with different agents and rea- gents, which will exhibit particularly the differences in the behavior of each starch in comparison with the reac- tion of other starches in the presence of the same agents and reagents; (b) each hybrid starch as regards sameness and inclination in its properties in relation to one or the other or both parents, which will exhibit particularly the comparative potencies of the parents in determining the properties of the starch of the hybrid; and (c) all of the hybrid starches with each agent and reagent, which will exhibit particularly the independence of the behavior of each agent and reagent, and also all of the hybrid starches with each agent and reagent, as regards sameness and inclination in the properties to one or the other parent or both parents, which will exhibit particularly the independent tendencies of each agent or reagent to elicit definite and specific parent-phases. While all of these tabulations are most intimately cor- related, each brings out certain features with marked accentuation in a form not elicited by the others. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF HacH Hysrip STaRCH WITH DIFFERENT AGENTS AND REAGENTS. (Tables F, Parts 1 to 50 and Summary.) It is to be noted in an examination of the results formulated in the accompanying table that in only 32 of the 50 hybrids recorded all of the 26 reactions, 16 record- ed only 10 reactions, and 2 only 18 reactions. Taking up this table, even a most cursory examination will indi- cate the very wide variations of the numerical values of the 6 phases of parent-development of the different starches in their parental relationships, and each part of the table is different from every other part and is specifi- cally distinctive of the hybrid, even in the cases of hybrids that have resulted from the same cross, as in Brunsdonna sandere alba and B. sandere (Table F, 1 and 2), and Narcissus poeticus herrick and N. poeticus dante (Table F,16 and 17). Moreover, in one hybrid intermediateness may be relatively so very conspicuous that the other phases sink into insignificance, while in another this phase may be as markedly conspicuous by its almost or entire absence, and so on in other tables with the other phases. It is also very obvious that the hybrid is less apt to be characterized by a prominence of intermediate- ness than by a conspicuousness of highest or lowest de- velopment or even of other phase of parental relationship. The several parts of this table may, for convenience of study, be grouped into four classes: (1) those in which one of the phases of development very markedly domi- nates the others, one-half or more of the reactions being 310 included in this phase; (2) those in which two phases-are definitely dominant, but which may be quite different in value; (3) those in which three phases are dominant, but which may have different values; and (4) those in which the parental relationships of the hybrid seem to be directed largely indifferently to the several phases. Among the starches that were studied in all of the 26 reactions it is rare, as, for instance in Iris dorak, to find that the assignment is not unmistakable. Where the number of reactions is restricted to 10 to 13 the classification is often indefinite. The grouping in accordance with the foregoing is as follows: ere: ‘ | Hybrids. Seiee/*s) Se] © 8/2 S|\@& # a o ge/G ald a £|o E nan |a Ia me | I First class: Brunsdonna sandere alba..| 4| 0 1 5} 3] 13 Brunsdonna sandere...... 6 0 1 2 3/14 Crinum kircape............ 4 1 0/18 2 1 Crinum powellii...........| 0] 3] 0} 2/{21] 0 Narcissus poetaz triumph...| 2 2 1 0} 20 1 Narcissus j. t. bennett poe..| 2 0 0 0 8} 0 (10)* Lilium burbanki .......... 2/1 1} 6] Oj 16 Iris mrs. alan grey......... 0 1 3 1 4)17 Tritonia crocosmeflora.....| 2 1 2] 16 3 2 Begonia ensign............ Oo; O| O|} 7 1] 2 (10)* Musa hybrida.............] 1 3] 0} 2] Of 20 Miltonia bleuana.......... 3| 0] 3 1/17{| 2 Calanthe bryan............| 1 0 oO] 11 1 0 (13)* Second class: Hippeastrum ossult.-pyrha..| 3/ O0/ 8] 3/11 1 Hemanthus kénig albert....} 5 0 0 7 1 3 Nerine queen of roses...... Pa 1 7 oli 2 Nerine abundance......... 3/ 3] 7] 8 1; 9 Narcissus poeticus dante....} 1 4 0 4 L 0 (10)* Narcissus lord roberts......| 3 rj 4 4 0 1 (10)* Narcissus agnes harvey.....| 4 0 1 3 1 1 (10)* Tris ismali.................] 3] 2] 2/12] 1] 6 Gladiolus colvillei.......... 7) 0 1 4| 0| 14 Begonia mrs. heal..........| 9] O| 2/14] 0 1 Begonia julius.............] 1 ee 0 4 4{ 0(10)* Phaius hybridus...........] 1 3 6/11 3 3 Cymbidium eburneco-lowia- BUT on wea ve ee ee Rea e es 4 0 9 0 0/13 Calanthe veitchii..........| 2 1 Oo; 5| 4 1 (13)" Third class: Hemanthus andromeda....| 8 0 6] 11 0) 1 Crinum hybridum j.c.h....| 0 | 12 i) 5 2 7 Nerine dainty maid......../ 1 2 7 6| 8] 2 Nerine glory of sarnia. 1 6] 8 1 0 | 10 Narcissus doubloon.. eel 2 1 1 4 0 2 (10)* Narcissus will scarlet.......| 2 1 1 2] 4] O(10)* Lilium dalhansoni.........] 4 1 9| 9 2+ 1 Richardia mrs. roosevelt....| 1 oO; 4; 3] 4 1 (10)* Fourth class: Hippeastrum titan-cleonia..| 2 3 8 4 5 4 Hippeastrum deones-zephyr| 0 2 9 6 5) 4 Nerine giantess............] 2 6| 7 6 1] 4 Narcissus poeticus herrick .| 0 8 0 2 3} 2 (10)* Narcissus fiery cross....... 1 va 0 2 2 3 (10)* Narcissus cresset.......... 2 3 0 0 3 2 (10)* Narcissus bicolor apricot....| 3 1 1 2) Of; 8 (10)* Narcissus madame de graaff| 4] 1 0 1 1 2 (10)* Narcissus pyramus.........| 1 0 1 2 4 2 (10)* Lilium marhan............. 0 5 9 6 1 5 (10)* Lilium golden gleam 4/ 4] 5] 2) 7] 4 Lilium testaceum. . 4| 3 2) 7/| 6] 4 Tris dorak......... 5] 3] 2 1/11) 4 Iris pursind....... .--| 3] 2] 5] 6] 5] 6 ‘Begonia success............ 2 3 0 2 3 0 (10)* * Number of reactions when less than 26. SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. The distribution of the hybrids among the four classes is fairly uniform except in the third class, there being 13 (26 per cent) in the first class, 14 (28 per cent) in the second class, 8 (6 per cent) in the third class, and 15 (80 per cent) in the fourth class.. In the first class, 4 of the hybrids are characterized by the con- spicuousness of intermediateness, this phase of parental relationship being noted in one hybrid in 18 of the 26 reactions, in another in 16 of 26 reactions, in another in 7 of 10 reactions, and in another in 11 of 13 reactions. In 4 hybrids the characterization is especially in de- velopment in excess of parental extremes, this phase being recorded in one in 21 of the 26 reactions, in another in 20 of the 26 reactions, in another in 8 of 10 reactions, and in another in 17 of 26 reactions. In 5 hybrids the characterization is especially by development in deficit of parental extremes, this being found in one in 13 of 26 reactions, in another in 14 of 26 reactions, in another in 16 of 26 reactions, in another in 17 of 26 reactions, and in another in 20 of 26 reactions. In the second class, the dominant figure of the couple is found in 1 hybrid under the phase the same as the seed parent, in 5 under intermediate, in 2 under highest, and in 3 under lowest; in 1 there is duplication of the figures under the phases the same as the pollen parent and inter- mediate, and in another under intermediate and high- est. This coupling is more marked in the instances where 26 reactions were studied than when the number is 10 or 13. In the third class there is not only less tendency to a very marked degree of characterization as regards any one or more of these phases, but also to the characterization being present in three phases usually with slight gradation, as, for instance, in Nerine dainty maid where the values are 7, 6, and 8 under same as both parents, intermediate, and highest, respectively ; and in Nerine glory of sarnia, where the values are 6, 8, and 10 under same as pollen parent, same as both parents, and lowest, respectively. Or there may be some dupli- cation, as, for instance, in Lilium dalhansoni, where the values are 4, 9, and 9 under same as seed parent, same as both parents and intermediate, respectively, ete. From this limited data one may expect that further studies will elicit various combinations of both phases and values. In one hybrid the highest number of the triple is found under same as seed parent, in two under intermediate, in two under highest, and in one, under low- est. In one there is duplication of the highest values under same as both parents and intermediate; and in an- other under same as both parents and highest. In the three hybrids with which in each only 10 reactions were recorded the grouping of the phases in triplets does not yield the striking comparisons that are observed when the reactions number 26, or 2144 times larger. In the fourth class, with 7 of the 15 hybrids only 10 reactions were recorded in each, and in these instances the values are (with possibly two exceptions, Narcissus pyramus and N. madame de graaff) so distributed among the dif- ferent phases that there is not the convincing evidence of a well-defined inclination of the hybrids in their parental relationships that was found in corresponding cases in the preceding classes. Among the remaining 8 there is marked dominance of 1 phase of the 6 in a single hybrid (Iris dorak) in which 11 of the 26 reac- tions fall under highest, the other values being 5, 3, 2, 1, SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. and 4. This hybrid should perhaps be assigned to the first or second class. In several other instances there is evident tendency to dominance in one phase especially, as in Hippeastrum titan-cleonia, H. deones-zephyr, and Lilium marhan. Apropos of intermediateness as a criterion of hybrids, it is of interest to note that 4 of the hybrids (Narcissus poetaz triumph, N. j. t. bennett poe, N. cresset, and Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum) do not in a single reac- tion exhibit intermediateness. Two of these belong to the first class, both being conspicuous because four- fifths of the reactions of each hybrid are higher than those of the parents. One belongs to the fourth class, and there are no very definite parental leanings. One is found in the third class, with very definite inclinations to activities that are the lowest or the same as those of both parents, especially the first and in the order given (18, 9, and 4, respectively). In recapitulating the totals exhibited by these tables several very interesting points of comparison are elicited (summary of Table F). All together 1,018 reactions were recorded, which are distributed as follows: Same as seed parent 137 (13.4 per cent) ; same as pollen parent 94 (9.2 per cent); same as both parents 138 (13.6 per cent) ; intermediate 236 (23.2 per cent) ; highest 187 (18.4 per cent) ; and lowest 226 (22.2 per cent). It is very obvious that there are much more marked tenden- cies to intermediateness, highness, and lowness than to sameness of developinent in relation to one or the other parent or both parents, there being somewhat less than two-thirds of the reactions (63.8 per cent) that fall within the first, and 36.2 per cent within the second category. There is about an equal tendency to inter- mediateness (23.2 per cent) as to lowest development (22.2 per cent) and distinctly less tendency to highest development (18.2 per cent) than to either of the for- mer; and there is on an average approximately only about one-half the tendency to sameness to the seed parent (13.4 per cent) and to both parents (13.6 per cent) as there is to intermediateness, the least tendency being shown in sameness to the pollen parent (9.2 per cent). Comparing the tendency to intermediateness with the tendencies to highest plus the lowest reactivi- ties, it is found that the latter predominate in the pro- portion of 23.2 to 40.6 per cent, or approximating 1: 2; in other words, there is only a little more than one-half the tendency to an intermediate reaction as there is to one that is above or below parental extremes; and there is an equal tendency to sameness as one or the other parent as there is to intermediateness. If a comparison is made the number of intermediate reactions with the total of other reactions the proportion is found to be 23.2 to 76.8 per cent or approximately 1:3, that is, there is in general a likelihood of only 1 reaction in 4 being intermediate. When these intermediate reactions are analyzed only 54 of 236, or somewhat more than one-fifth and less than one-fourth (23 per cent), are mid-intermediate, the larger’ proportion being closer to one or the other parent than to mid-intermediateness. TaBLe F, 311 Agent or reagent. parent. Same as pol- Same as seed len parent. Same as both parents. Intermediate. Highest. Lowest. 1, Brunsdonna sanderce alba: Polarization......... Temperature........ Chloral hydrate...... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid....... Nitrie aid .cceecnas Sulphuric acid....... Hydrochloric acid.... Potassium hydroxide . Potassium iodide..... Potassium sulphocy- anate Potassium sulphide... Sodium hydroxide.... Sodium sulphide...... Sodium salicylate. ... Calcium nitrate...... Strontium nitrate... . Cobalt nitrate....... Copper nitrate....... Cupric chloride...... Barium chloride..... Merouric chloride... . r@rtrtrr rrr tid eee 70 Eerie ys y pastaneeere e Oo _ ow 2. Brunsdonna sandere: Safranin............ Temperature........ Chloral hydrate...... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid. ..... Nitric acid.......... Sulphuric acid....... Hydrochloric acid... . Potassium hydroxide. Potassium iodide... . Potassium sulphocy- ANAS. 2. cc eeees Potassium sulphide... Sodium hydroxide... Sodium sulphide... .. Sodium salicylate... . Calcium nitrate..... Uranium nitrate..... Strontium nitrate... . Cobalt nitrate....... Copper nitrate...... Cupric chloride...... Barium chloride.... . Mercuric chloride... . Poe eri err cde heen I+] PY etre rr i+ P+rrbiidt+iltt+ti 1@lit@i tr ter tt =e PEP Phebe nt bag fo) ° a a ae ie wo 312 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TaBLe F.—Continued. Taste F.—Continued. Co aa Fee ; 7 |4 .|a ; 2 \2e/3 | = 2 (5818 .| 3 adlasted] @ | 2 | 5 agjagisg] 2 | ¢ | x Agent or reagent. | 4 2] » = Soe I S 3 Agent or reagent. | | Elo a a § g 3 % gajgeiaal 8 e] 5 gajgsigal $ # 5 A ia lw 4 ee] ras] an ln |m no em] 4 . Hippeastrum titan- 5. Hippeastrum deones- cleonia: zephyr: Polarization......... —-|j-|- - +9 - Polarization.........) — | — | — = +7 - TOdin@ e122 ees ee ans -—-|;-|- +2 _ Iodine. aw ee cee | SE - - - -Gentian violet.......)| — | + | -— - - - Gentian violet.......; — | — | — - - +o Safranin............| — |] #] —- = - - Safranin............] — | — | ® = = - Temperature........] — | + ] — _ — - Temperature........] — | — | — - +9=¢ - Chloral hydrate.....) — | — | — - _ +9 Chloral hydrate.....} — | — | — - _ +o Chromic acid....... -—-|-|- - - +0 Chromic acid........ -{|[-|[- = +9 - Pyrogallic acid......| — | — | — = - +9 Pyrogallic acid......| — | — | — = +¢ _ Nitric acid..........) — | — | — |4+9=c¢0 - _ Nitric acid.........., — | — | — - +92 - Sulphuric acid.......| — | — | — = +9 _ Sulphuric acid....... -|+]- = - - Hydrochloric acid....| — +9 _ —_ Hydrochloric acid....} — | — | — |[+9=oc - Potassium hydroxide.| — - +o _ Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — +9 - Potassium iodide....} — | — | — |+9=H| — - Potassium iodide....] — —| +9 - - Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy- anate............ —-|-|4+9=¢ - - ANA. bebe ee ye eet —|-|+9=¢ - - Potassium sulphide...| — | — | @® =_ _- - Potassium sulphide..| — | — | ® — - Sodium hydroxide....} — | — | — — +o - Sodium hydroxide...} — | — | — +9 - Sodium sulphide..... +/-|- - — - Sodium sulphide..... -|-|- = +9=¢ Sodium salicylate....; — | — | — _ —- +9 Sodium salicylate... . -|- —_ +9 Calcium nitrate.....| —|— | @® - - - Calcium nitrate..... —|@® = = aa Uranium nitrate.....] — | — | @ — - - Uranium nitrate.....] — | — | ® = ot = Strontium nitrate....| + | — | — pen _ = Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — |+@=¢ - - Cobalt nitrate....... —-|-|@8 - - _ Cobalt nitrate....... -;i-|@ = oe = Copper nitrate......| — | — | ® - _ _ Copper nitrate....... —-|-|@ = - — Cupric chloride......| — | — | ® - — Cupric chloride......| — | — | ® _ _ - Barium chloride.....| — | — | ® - Barium chloride.....| — | — | ® = - - Mercuric chloride....); — | — | ® - - Mercuric chloride....| — | — | ® - - - 2 3 8 4 5 4 0 2 9 6 5 4 . Hippeastrum ossul- Hemanthus andro- tan-pyrha: meda Polarization.........] — | — | — - +o = Polarization.........| — | — | — |+9=¢ - Todine..............) —~]| —] —]49=0| —- _ Todine.............., — | — | —]#92=c%} —- Gentian violet....... —-|-|-—- - +9 Gentian violet.......,) — | — | — |4+92=o¢ - Safranin............] -— | -— | — - +9 Safranin............] — | -— | - -_ - +9 = Temperature........ —{|/-{|- - +o - Temperature........ -—-{|-|[|- +9 - _ Chloral hydrate.....} — | — | — +9 _ — Chloral hydrate.....| — -—-I+9=c - - Chromic acid........| — - - +9 - Chromic acid........| — | — | — |4+9=¢0 - -_ Pyrogallic acid......} — | — | — - +o _ Pyrogallic acid......] + | -— | — = - - Nitric acid..........] — | — | — - +9 _ Nitric acid.......... -{|-|j- +9 - - Sulphuric acid.......] + | — | — - - - Sulphuric acid.......] — | — | —|j+92=% — - Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | — -_ +h =a Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | — +9 - - Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — - +2 - Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — |+9=c = = Potassium iodide....| — | — | — - +9 - Potassium iodide....} + | — | — _ - - Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy- anate.............) — | — | — +9? - anate............ + - = - = Potassium sulphide...| — | — | ® - - - Potassium sulphide...| — | — | ® = a = Sodium hydroxide...}] — | ~ | — +9 - - Sodium hydroxide...| + | — | — = - - Sodium sulphide..... +), -]- - - - Sodium sulphide.... . +] -I- = =- - Sodium salicylate....| — | — | — _ - +o Sodium galicylate....) — | — | —| +92 - - Calcium nitrate..... —-!|!—|@ _ _ a Calcium nitrate...... +/-|- = - - Uranium nitrate.....] + | — | — - - - Uranium nitrate.....} + | — | — — ~_ << Strontium nitrate....) — | — | @® - — - Strontium nitrate....] + | — | — ~~ a = Cobalt nitrate.......} — @ - - - Cobalt nitrate.......1 — | — | ® = = = Copper nitrate......| — | — | ® _ - -_ Copper nitrate....... -!-|@68 a aes = Cupric chloride......| — | — | ® - - - Cupric chloride......| — | — | ® = = = Barium chloride.....| — | — | ® - - - Barium chloride.....| — | — | ® = Mercuric chloride....} — | — | ® - = - Mercuric chloride....| — | — | ® = = 3 0 8 3 11 1 8 0 6 11 0 1 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TaBLs F.—Continued. Tas_e F.—Continued. 313 3 Ih |g : oso it. ola 5 = /Eg/8 | 3 z /28/3,| 2 3 B\ 3 tla & ; Agent or reagent. a8 a Z a3 F 4 2 Agent or reagent. a 8 a) 4 8 Fy a 4 oRlag/o8k 7 g 3 2g/eaieg 8 = 4 eaesles) £ | @ | & pajgsigs) 2 | & | & na |n |w 5 ise] s a lnm |o 4 fee) 4 7. Hemanthus konig al- 9. Crinum kircape: bert: Polarization...... -—-|-|]- - +9 - Polarization......... -|-|]- = +o = IN oss aine'scd even ee ee es +H _ = Todine.............. —-{/—|- |4+9=¢0 - = Gentian violet.......| — | + | — pc es _ Gentian violet....... —-|j—-|- - - +9 DMs 533 cap aun sitesi —-/—-|{—- - +9 - Safranin............) — | — | — = +9 | Temperature........ -|-|- +9 - = Temperature........ +}/—-—-]- - ans Chloral hydrate.....] + | — | — = = as Chloral hydrate.....] — | — | — _ - +9 Chromic acid........) — | —|—] +9 _ oe Chromic acid........| — | — | — +9 - _ Pyrogallic acid......) — | — | — +o a ae Pyrogallic acid. ..... -|-|J- +9 - —- | Nitric acid.......... ae |] = +9 ae pas Nitric acid..........] — | —] — +9 - - Sulphuric acid....... -|;/-|]-—- +9 - - Sulphuric acid....... —-j;-|]- +9 - - Hydrochloric acid....} — | — | — +9 ~ - Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | — +9 _ — Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — +9 — _ Potassium hydroxide.| + | — | — _ - - Potassium iodide....} — | — | — +9 = - Potassium iodide....| + | — | — _ _ - Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy-/ {| | | | | | anate............- -|-|- +a - - anate.............J -]/—] — - = - Potassium sulphide...} + | — | — - = - Potassium sulphide...| + | — | — - - Sodium hydroxide...} — | — | — +9 - - Sodium hydroxide...}| + | — | — - = - Sodium sulphide... .. -—-;}-j— +9 = - Sodium sulphide..... +/-|]- - - - Sodium salicylate....} — | — | — _ - +9 Sodium salicylate....)] — | — | — +i _ - Calcium nitrate... .. -|-/|/- +9 - = Calcium nitrate.....| + |] — | — - - _ Uranium nitrate.....| — | — | — +9 -_ _ Uranium nitrate.....} + | — | — _ _ —_ Strontium nitrate....J| — | — | — +9 ~ a Stréntium nitrate....) + | — | — - - Cobalt nitrate.......) + | — | — - = = Cobalt nitrate.......) + |] — |] — - - Copper nitrate..... |} — | — | — +9 - = Copper nitrate... .. : J+]—-]—- - _ - Cupric chloride......) — | — | — +92 — = Cupric chloride...... +/-|-—- - —_ ~ Barium chloride.....} + | — | — _ _ = Barium chloride.....} + | — | — -_ - - Mercuric chloride....| — | — | — +9 ~ = Mercuric chloride....| + | — | — - - - 4 1 0 18 2 1 15 0 0 7 1 3 8. Crinum hybridum j. 10. Crinum powellii: ce. harvey: Polarization.........) — | + | — - - = Polarization.........] — | — | — — -—d - seeeeteef —~|—o1—|49=¢ a tee Todine.............., —~ | +] — _ _ _ Gentian violet.......{ — | + | — — _ _— Gentian violet....... -|-|j- oe +c — | Safranin............ —|/+#]< —_ = = Safranin............) — | — | — - - +9 Temperature........]| — | — | — _ +o _ Temperature........] — | — | — - - +o Chloral hydrate...... —/—-{—- - +9=¢ pa Chloral hydrate.....| — | — | — +o _- _ Chromic acid........| — | — | — - +a = Chromic acid........ —J+tl- - - - Pyrogallic acid......} — | — | — - +o ae Pyrogallic acid......] — | — | — - - +7 Nitric acid..........)] — | — | — - +o - Nitric acid.........., — | + | — - - - Sulphuric acid.......} — | — | — - +o - Sulphuric acid.......] — | — | — - - +e Hydrochloric acid....} — | — | — - +o _ Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | — +d - - Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — - +o nae Potassium hydroxide.| — | + | — - - Potassium iodide....] — | — | — - +o jt Potassium iodide....] — | — | — - +c Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy- Pee ee ee +f = anate............., — | — | — = = +7 Potassium sulphide. .| — | — | — i +o = Potassium sulphide..| — | — | — - - +o Sodium hydroxide...| — | — | — - +¢ = Sodium hydroxide...]| — | + | — = - - Sodium sulphide... .. -{-|- - +o - Sodium sulphide..... -|-l- +c = Sodium salicylate....} — | — | — +f = oa Sodium salicylate..... —| —|—]| +¢ _- - Calcium nitrate...... ee eee ee - +o _ Calcium nitrate.....| — | + | — = - - Uranium nitrate. .... —~|/—-|-— fe +o a Uranium nitrate.....) — | + | — = -_ = Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — -_ +o on Strontium nitrate....| — | —-|—|] +¢ = - Cobalt nitrate... .... ee eee ee = +o = Cobalt nitrate.......} — | + | — = = - Copper nitrate......] — | — | — _ +h _ Copper nitrate...... = eS = - - Cupric chloride......] — | — | — _ +o = Cupric chloride......] — | + | — _ oa _ Barium chloride.....| — | — | — — +9=¢ —_ Barium chloride.....} — {| + | — - - - Mercuric chloride....} — | — | — = +¢ = Mercurie chloride....| — | + | — — - - 0 3 0 2 21 0 0 12] 0 5 2 z 314 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TABLE F.—Continued. Tasie F.—Continued. 3 {4 .|4 5 > a | $ 2 /2al3 | 3 2 |2e1B.| 3 galgsle2| % gaisslea| 3 ; ; Agent or reagent. aaa sia g | a # Agent or reagent. aaia ala a q # 3 a kl)@ glo > a o ®klo glo & 5 3 o gag eiao; 3 ic B Hala 2d o 3 ic B an |nm | 4 ig r= an |o ia a fon] 3 11. Nerine dainty maid: Polarization.........] — | +] - - - - 13. Nerine giantess: Iodine.............. -|- - +3 - Polarization.........| -— | — | — - - +9 Gentian violet.......] — | +] — ~ - - Todine.............. a Ne i es = = = Safranin............ +/-|]- - - - Gentian violet.......] + | — | — - _ - Temperature........| — | — | — +c - - Safranin............ +/-|]- - - - Chloral hydrate.....} — | — | — +o - - Temperature........) — | — | — ae +9 = Chromic acid........] — | — | — - - +9 Chloral hydrate.....) — | + | — - - = Pyrogallic acid......| — | — | ® - - - Chromic acid........ —-|/—-|[—-|]t9=a) - — Nitric acid..........} — | -— | —- +9 - - Pyrogallic acid...... -{|—-|@08 _ = — Sulphuric acid....... -|-|{- - +i - Nitric acid.......... -|-|- - - +a Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | — -_ +9=c - Sulphuric acid.......| — | + | — - - _ Potassium hydroxide.| — | — - - +9=c Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | — - - +9=¢0 Potassium iodide....} — | — | — |+9=c - - Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® a _ canal Potassium sulphocy- Potassium iodide....} — | — | — +9 - = SNOG.. cc cuccess| = fo - +9 = Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphide. .| — | — | @® - - - anate............. -j;-|]/—-| +¢ - — Sodium hydroxide...| — | — | — +o - - Potassium sulphide...) — | — | — +a - = Sodium sulphide.....] — | — | ® - - - Sodium hydroxide...} — | — | — - = +a Sodium salicylate....J — | — | — +o - - Sodium sulphide... .. -|-|@8 - - i Calcium nitrate...... a a - +2 - Sodium salicylate....; — | + | — = = - Uranium nitrate.....] — | — | — - +9 - Calcium nitrate...... —~|+t]/-]- = as Strontium nitrate....) -— | — | — - +o - Uranium nitrate.....] — | + | — - - = Cobalt nitrate....... —~|-|@ - - - Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — |+9=¢ - = Copper nitrate......)| -— | -— | — - +9 - Cobalt nitrate.......| — | — | ® = = = Cupric chloride... ... -j;-/oe - - - Copper nitrate...... —-|—-|-|]4+9=¢ = - Barium chloride.....] — | — | ® - - - Cupric chloride......| — | — | ® - = = Mercuric chloride....| — | — | ® - - - Barium chloride.....| — | — | ® - = = Mercuric chloride....| — | — | ® a = > 1 2 7 6 8 2 2 6 7 6 1 4 12. Nerine queen of roses: Polarization.........) — | — |] — - - +o 14, Nerine abundance: TOMIBOs gies ca ea ace —-/;+/- - - - Polarization......... —-~j|—-|[- _ — Gentian violet.......} + | —-— |] — - - - Todine..............| #]—]-— eo - Safranin............ +}/—-|i- - - - Gentian violet.......) — | + | — - = Temperature........] — | — | —- +9 - - Safranin............J — | - | —- +9 - Chloral hydrate.....) — | — | — — +c _ Temperature........ +) -|- — _ Chromic acid........ —-}|—-|- - - +9 Chloral hydrate.....| — | — | — - +o Pyrogallie acid......) -— | — | @® - - - Chromic acid........ Cl ae = = Nitric acid..........) — | — | — |4+9=c ~ - Pyrogallic acid......] — | — | ® — = Sulphuric acid....... -j-|- _ +c - Nitric acid.......... — pa Pe om —_ Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | — - +9=c0 _ Sulphuric acid....... +]/-—-|- as = Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | @ - - _ Hydrochloric acid....} — | — | — - - Potassium iodide....J — | — | — +9 - - Potassium. hydroxide.; — | — | ® - = Potassium sulphocy- Potassium iodide....} — | + | — - - anate.............| = | =| — - +9 - Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphide...| - | — | — - +o - anate.............| — | — | 7 ere mae Sodium hydroxide...| — | — | — - +o - Potassium sulphide...| — | — | — +o - Sodium sulphide.....| — | — | @ - - - Sodium hydroxide...}| — | — | — - - Sodium salicylate....| — | — | — - +o od Sodium sulphide... .. -|-|68 — saa Calcium nitrate...... -|-|- - +9 - Sodium salicylate....J — | + | — - - Uranium nitrate.....] -— | — | — - +9 - Calcium nitrate...... sr fs | = = - Strontium nitrate....) -— | - | — - +o - Uranium nitrate.....)} — | -— | — — _ Cobalt nitrate.......) — | — | ® - - - Strontium nitrate....| - | —|— | +¢ - Copper nitrate...... -|-|- - +9 - Cobalt nitrate.......| - |] -— | ® a = Cupric chloride...... -;|;-|@0e - - - Copper nitrate...... —l|-|- - = Barium chloride.....] — | — | ® - - - Cupric chloride......) — | — | ® _ co Mercurio chloride....| — | — | ® - - - Barium chloride..... -|/-|6 _- = Mercuric chloride....| — | — | ® = = 2 1 7 3 11 2 3/3) 7 3 1 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TasB_e F.—Continued. Tasip F.—Continued. 315 Agent or reagent. parent. Same as seed Same as pol- len parent. Same as both parents. Intermediate. Highest. Lowest. Agent or reagent Same as seed parent. Same as pol- len parent. Same as both parents. Intermediate. Highest. Lowest. 15. Nerine glory of sar- nia: Gentian violet....... Safranin............ Temperature........ Chloral hydrate...... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid. ..... Nitric acid.......... Sulphuric acid....... Hydrochloric acid. . . Potassium hydroxide. Potassium iodide.... Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphide... Sodium hydroxide... Sodium sulphide..... Sodium salicylate.... Calcium nitrate...... Uranium nitrate..... Strontium nitrate... . Cobalt nitrate....... Copper nitrate. ..... Cupric chloride...... Barium chloride..... Mercuric chloride... . 16. Narcissus poeticus herrick: Polarization......... Todine.............. Gentian violet....... Safranin............ Temperature........ Chloral hydrate. .... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid. ..... Nitric acid.......... Sulphuric acid....... 17. Narcissus poeticus dante: Gentian violet....... Safranin......,..... Temperature........ Chloral hydrate..... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid Nitric acid.......... Sulphuric acid....... I+ Pibrtrrbtirbe Pltrrrtirrytidt PEd tb beri teit+ Seelili@lrititdd + Pero btdbt gr brd i ee OG + ete Pe qa, 70 1 Q&S Aw +,,+ Boe ee ee mer re a - oa o|/@e@eeoeoelitIititt _ °o -_ i) Ree ee ener PIti+ttiliti oP Coe ee ee a wo o +10 Stay llitritl PEbitittt+t + q —~T+rrrtirigvii ny i=) ind So 18. Narcisus poetaz tri- umph: Polarization......... Todine.............. Gentian violet....... Safranin............ Temperature........ Chloral hydrate..... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallie acid. ..... Nitric acid.......... Sulphuric acid....... Hydrochlorie acid.... Potassium hydroxide. Potassium iodide. ... Potassium sulphocy- anate............. Potassium sulphide. . Sodium hydroxide... Sodium sulphide... .. Sodium salicylate.... Calcium nitrate...... Uranium nitrate..... Strontium nitrate... . Cobalt nitrate....... Copper nitrate...... Cupric chloride... ... Barium chloride..... Mercurio chloride... . 19. Narcissus fiery cross: Polarization......... Todine.............. Gentian violet....... Safranin............ Temperature... Chloral hydrate...... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid. ..... Nitric acid.......... Pryde tt) t+i+i Phi dr d bb tb tb bet Prd db bd tbr) 1@trr rrr tir Prhrr tra tretiae Pibrrtrrt tbr tita YAAAAIA AAAQAGoo! TI! peer e ett ee a a ere cig a wo tw -_ o ~ Pretiutrtt+ Pieri bbe it Plritrrrtit + 40 Prrddad yd a 0 Q + pe etr ip pad 1 oq Q ~_ i} ° w oo 20. Narcissus doubloon: Polarization......... Gentian violet....... Safranin............ Temperature........ Chloral hydrate. .... Chromic acid........ Pyrogallic acid Nitric acid.......... Sulphuric acid....... Pier d tt b+ Plaid rt+titd rlr@lidtitidd Prbertrtidi + pais erin a i) -~ ~ °o 316 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Taste F.—Continued. TaBLe F.—Continued. 3 |t .|a é a |4 .14 5 ge|asige| 3 3 : BH/asiae] 8 re ; Agent or reagent @ 8/2 aya 38 g 2 3 Agent or reagent. ej) Be 9 g = a ole aio >) a o o8leg|osk q ] 9 pajesjae] 2 | 3 | & gaiesies) 2 | 3 | & na |n im 4 ise) | nan |m |n pe q 4 21. Narcissus cresset: 25. Narci : Polarization......... —-/|4+]- - — - Por enciee usps taInUs: = 3 : Polarization.........) — | — | — - +9= - lodibes. iacacecseavay = Va | = - = = Todi a ey tee = iti =. Gentian violet.......) + | — | — - - - roe a Seitlet fai oe PS ea eo 3 = Safranin............ —-|+|- ca as — s af BB TE RONG Ea asia ee oe ee ee = = Temperature........ =)—)— = = +9 akeecned Caer ay . Temperature........ == = - = +7 Chloral hydrate.....} — | -— | — - +9 - Chloral hydrate ae Soe |e sas, i 49 Chromic acid........] +] — | — - - - Clea oa. ee WE Shit sas = +9 es Pyrogallic acid......) — | — | — = = +9 P FE eenesgegenteinstas Aries iguaaen = yrogallic acid......} — | — | — - +2 - Nitric acid.......... -|- - +9 - a 7 Saluiurie-acid i (ea aes ia +9 a Nitric acid..........) — | — | — = +9 - ae: Sulphuric acid.......| — | — | ® — - -_ 2 3 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 2 4 2 a ie sieatcsoin 26. Narcissus lord rob- Polarization......... —-|- - - - erte: : = = Todine eM a a a Polarization sree ives + - - - Gentian violet.......) — | —]—| —- +a - ha ie lata eo i 2 7 Safranin............, — | -— | — iz +c - Gehan tact ce pen ee a ae _ Temperature........ aie et Meese | ee = = Las taacea area Temperature........| — | — | — +o - - Chloral hydrate..... —i— | @ - es Chloral hydrate oid | esse! || ess 49 — oF Chromic acid........| — | — | — - +h - ae ne eel eae (ow im - 49 Pyrogallic acid......] -— | — | — +9 _ - P P oS : ee capase’ sail! es yrogallic acid......} — |} — | — +c - - Nitric acid.......... - +9 - Aas ‘ Sulphuric acid ae eee _ pS = Nitric acid.......... =; - |= +9 = = B ere Sulphuric acid.......) +] —|—-] — - - 2 1 1 2 4 0 3 1 1 4 0 1 23. Narcissus _ bicolor 27. Narcissus agnes har- apricot: vey: Polarization.........| + - - - - Polarization.........) + | — | — - - = Todine.............-) — | -— | — +2 - - LOdiDG sh scsnienecnwenl) Se [=e - - = Gentian violet.......} + | —] — - - - Gentian violet....... +) -]- = - a Safranin............/ # | —-— |] —- - - - Safranin............ Sac Viele [EA = — = Temperature........| — | — |] — - - +9 Temperature........| — |] — | — +o - - Chloral hydrate.....}] — | + | — - _ - Chlioral hydrate.....) — | — | — +c - — Chromic acid........} -— | -— | — +9 - - Chromic acid........ —-|-|- - - +? Pyrogallic acid......| — | -— | — - - +o Pyrogallic acid...... —-|/-|-|]+@=¢ = = Nitric acid..........] -— | -— | — - - +o Nitric acid..........} — | -— | — - +9 - Sulphuric acid.......; -— | -— | @® = _ - Sulphuric acid.......) + }] — | — - _ - 3 1 1 2 0 3 4 0 1 3 1 1 24. Narcissus madame 28. Narcissus j. t. ben- de graaff: nett poe: Polarization......... —|+]- - - - Polarization.........] + | — | — = = = TOdINGsiseesleieciinrcsod'es +;);-|- - - - Todine.............. | = be = = oom Gentian violet.......] + | — | — - - - Gentian violet.......) — | — | — - +92 = Safranin............ +)/-|]- - - - Safranin............ -|-|- - +9 - Temperature........| — | +] — - - - Temperature........ ~-~t-|- - +c _ Chloral hydrate.....| — | — | — - +o - Chloral hydrate.....) — | — | — - +9 - Chromic acid........ -|-|- - - +9 Chromic acid........| — | — | — - +9 = Pyrogallic acid...... -—-j-|- +9 - - Pyrogallic acid...... —-|-|- - +a - Nitric acid..........] — | -— | —- - - +9 Nitric acid.......... —-|-{- = +2 = Sulphuric acid.......} + | — | — - - - Sulphuric acid.......| — | — | — - +9 - , 4; 21] 0 1 1 2 2; 0] 0 0 8 0 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TasBie F.—Continued. Tasie F.—Continued. 317 3 4 oa 3 Oe fake [eet é 5 = Kg Ge] ae es : 4 Agent or reagent. a 4 4/3 3 A 3 4 Agent or reagent, a aq a 8) 2 a F 2 3 @Rleg|eR a o o @ hla q|o 8 a} g Halg2/sal 8 ©) 5 galgsiga) 2 i) 3 aA la |a Re} q wy mn | | a a | 31. Lilium golden 29. Lilium marhan: gleam: Polarization......... -—-{4+/- _ - _ Polarization.........} — | -— | — - ca +9 Todide.............., — | — +a - - Todine..............) — | — | - - - +9 Gentian violet....... -|—-j-— -_ = +o Gentian violet.......| — | — | — = -_ +o Safranin............ -|-|- _ _ +o Safranin............ —-j|-|]- = - +c Temperature........ = ap = - +27 Temperature........ =f = j)— |] +e ra - Chloral hydrate.....| — |] —| — |] 4+¢ - - Chloral hydrate..... -/J+]-— ai aa - Chromic acid........ —-i4+]—-— - - - Chromic acid........ ae [ar | = - - Pyrogallic acid...... —-/|4+]- - - - Pyrogallic acid...... +)/-j- - - - Nitric acid.......... -!|!-|06 - _ - Nitric acid..........] — | — | ® = = = Sulphuric acid.......] — | — | ® - on _ Sulphuric acid....... —-|/-|@ep —- - - Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | ® - _ — Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | ® = oa _ Potassium hydroxide.}| — @ _ _ _- Potassium hydroxide.}| — | — | ® = _ = Potassium iodide....] — | — | ® - - - Potassium iodide.....} — | — | ® ae = ant Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy- anate.............| — | — | ® - _ - anate............ | | = |= _ al = Potassium sulphide...| — | — | ® _ _ - Potassium sulphide...) — | + | — = = Sodium hydroxide...| — | — | ® _ —_ _ Sodium hydroxide...| — | + | — = = Sodium sulphide.....| — | — | ® _ = = Sodium sulphide.....} — | + | — - - _ Sodium salicylate....J — | — | — - — +9 Sodium salicylate....| — | — | — = +9=c = Calcium nitrate...... —-;|—-|—- - - +9 Calcium nitrate.....| — | — | — _ +o ra Uranium nitrate.....) — | — | -— +o _ _ Uranium nitrate.....} — | — | — = + 9 - Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — +9 — _ Strontium nitrate....} — | — | — +9 - — Cobalt nitrate.......) —| —|—] +@ _ - Cobalt nitrate....... SS = +9 = Copper nitrate...... —}|+{- _ - _ Copper nitrate......] — | — | — +9 - Cupric chloride......) — | + | — - - - Cupric chloride......| — | — | — - +2 - Barium chloride.....| — | — | — +9 _ _ Barium chloride.....| — } — | — — +9 = Mercuric chloride....)| — | — | — _ +2= = Mercuric chloride....| + | — | — - - — 0 5 9 6 1 5 4 4 5 2 7 4 30. Lilium dalhansoni: 32. Lilium testaceum: Polarization.........| + | — | — _- - _ Polarization.........| + | — _ = _ = Todine.............. —-|—-j-— _ +9 - Todine.............. —fo}- - - +9 Gentian violet.......) + | — | — - - - Gentian violet.......} — | + | — - _ = Safranin............ +|/-|]- - - - Safranin............ —|4+ ]- — - - Temperature........ = Ss +a - - Temperature........} — | —] — - +9 - Chloral hydrate.....] — | + | — - - - Chloral hydrate.....) — | — | — - ~ +9 Chromic acid........} — | — | —| +¢ - - Chromic acid........| — | — | — | +2 _ = Pyrogallic acid. ..... —-|-| +0 - - Pyrogallic acid......| — | —|—]| +9 _ = Nitric acid..........] — | — | ® - - - Nitric acid..........) -— | -— | - - = +Q=¢ Sulphuric acid.......| — | — | @® - - Sulphuric acid.......| — | — | — |+9=o¢ - - Hydrochloric acid....} — | — | ® - - - Hydrochloric acid....| — —| +9 = oe Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® - = — Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® = = aon Potassium iodide....| — | — | ® _ - Potassium iodide....| + | — | — _ ns = Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy- anate............ -|;-|]08 = - ~- anate.cccacicssss| = | = | = - +9 - Potassium sulphide..| — | — | @ - - - Potassium sulphide. .| + | — | — - ~ = Sodium hydroxide...} — | — | ® - - - Sodium hydroxide....) + | — | — - a = Sodium sulphide..... -—-|-1|/16 - - - Sodium sulphide.....} — | — | — = +9 = Sodium salicylate....) — | — | — - +h - Sodium salicylate....| — | — | — - +9 es Calcium nitrate......) — | — | — +¢ = - Calcium nitrate.....) — | — | — +9 - _ Uranium nitrate.....) — | — | — | +9 - - Uranium nitrate.....) — | — | — - +9 = Strontium nitrate....) + | — | — - - - Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — _ +9 = Cobalt nitrate.......) — | — | - +2 = - Cobalt nitrate.......) — | -— | —- +2 - - Copper nitrate......) — | —|—| +o _ - Copper nitrate....... -—~|-|@e - _ = Cupric chloride......)} — | — | — |+9=@%} — _ Cupric chloride... ... -/|+/]- - - = Barium chloride...... — | — | —] +¢ - - Barium chloride..... —-|—-|-—-/] +9 - = Mercuric chloride....| — | — | — - - +2 Mercurie chloride....} — | — | — - - +o 4} 1] 9 9 2 1 4| 3] 2 7 6 4 318 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Taste F.—Continued. TaBLe F.—Continued. so] + ./4a 5 mol + ./4 5 2 eas .| 2 2 /5e3.| 3 aelgalge| 3 é . 9 4/3 led] 3 ; : Agent or reagent. @8)S ala 8 q 2 3 Agent or reagent. 81S ala g 8 8 4 oKlO glo e o Ogle ales a J aia 8la4 B | 4 8 g 8 4 rs 5 Sa-la 4s = | . E= | . a : nan |n In iss 4 n |m In = i Be 33. Lilium burbanki: sae rar inel Shee aed kill sce = a Polarization.........| — | + | — - - = Iodine seeenie ae (eselige es = = Todine.............. i) (eee ge = es Gentian violet.......) — | — | — = +c = Gentian violet.......) — | — | — +7 - res Safranin aad ee on es = = a Safranin............ -/-|j-|] +¢@ - = Temperature........ al eee = +9 = Temperature........ -|/-{]-—- - - +9 Chloral hydrate...... oe ees oe Pe -—- l49=+¢ Chloral hydrate.....] — | — ] — +9 - = Chromi pk gcabaeade : if Rae romic acid........ -|-|- ma +9 = Chromic acid........] — | — | — = = +9 Pyrogallic acid Suplcsh Tes = +9 — Pyrogallic acid......| — | — | — - - +9 ‘ie ape aa Nitric acid.......... ai fee | eed) Ge = |e giegt | SUPRA a attsees anh (cee Se, CS ue = Sulphuric acid.......| — | —~ | —| +o@ = Sa cies ane na peer lees “ ws is = 2 Hydrochloric acid....) — | — | — - - +9 Pilaanis hydroxide:| = |=. |-= os = +o Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® a aed ‘< Pp jum jodi i tum hyd otassium iodide....]| — | — | — - +¢ = Potassium iodide.....} — | — | — - - |4+9¢ : Pataasien - wilohoey Potassium sulphocy- F BO os Paeertiee sf ee | a - +c ADAG. ese cae back —-|-|- - —- |+9=¢0 ou i =, Potassium sulphide...) — | — | — - - |+9=¢ he lea aa Ask + a = fe 7 Sodium hydroxide...| —_| — | — = _ +9=c Sodium mal hide ies nie (eee (eee sa +o me Sodium sulphide... .. -|-|{- - - +9=c Sodium aie late. ieee (een ees eae a ee + @ Sodium salicylate...) —|—|—| +a] — - ray dread Calcium nitrate...... +) —|— - - - Celelum nitrates.) vs oleae) oe = a Uranium nitrate.....| — | — | — - - +9 Lassa aad a atta | = = ae Q= J s Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — - - +9 Cc : eae a 7 obalt nitrate....... —|- {60 an i = Cobalt nitrate.......) — | — | — - - +9 Cc i : opper nitrate...... ee fee - +9 = Copper nitrate......)] — |} — | — - - +9=d . A : é : Cupric chloride......} — | ~ | — - +9 = Cupric chloride —-|—-|{- - - +9 4 pene Barium chloride.....] + | — | — - - mz Barium chloride..... =—(=—|[=—]|] +9 = = Mercuric chloride ae ee = a - Mercurie chloride....}) — | — | — - =) ae aed 2 1 1 6 0 16 5 3 2 1 11 4 34. Iris ismali: 36. Iris mrs. alan grey: Polarization.........] — | — | — - _ +27 Polarization......... Sart re lias a =. +o Iodine..............) # | —] — = = _ Todine..............) —]|—- | - aaa +9 = Gentian violet.......| + | — | — me = _ Gentian violet.......] — | — | — - - +9 Safranin............ cee ee pe = - = Safranin............ -|-|- - - +9 Temperature........ eee le |e osial v = Temperature........] — | — _ +c = Chloral hydrate.....; — | —|—]| +o& ea - Chloral hydrate.....} — | — | — = +a = Chromic acid........ era (a ee (aes eee) a = Chromic acid........ fee | eg = = Pyrogallic acid...... ah ea ge Al co _ Pyrogallic acid......) — | — | — - _ +a Nitric acid..........| — | ~ | —|]49=c) —- = Nitric acid.......... re |e De = ai =a Sulphuric acid.......) —- | — | — |+9=o0 _ _ Sulphuric acid.......| — | — | ® at = a Hydrochloric acid....) — | —| — | +¢ _ - Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | — - = +a Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — - - +9 Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — = - |[+9=¢ Potassium iodide....| — | + | — a a - Potassium iodide....| — | — | — - - +o Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphocy- anate............/ — | — | ® = a = anate............] — | — | = aa A te Potassium sulphide...| — | — | — |+9=@ - - Potassium sulphide...} — | — | — - - +9=c Sodium hydroxide...| — | — | ® _ - - Sodium hydroxide...) — | — | — - - +?9=0 Sodium sulphide... .. =|ex|/oboegr = _ Sodium sulphide.....) — | — | — - - +7 Sodium salicylate....] — | + | — - - - Sodium salicylate....| - | — | — a +a a Calcium nitrate...... -{/-|- +9 - - Calcium nitrate...... -|-|- - - +a Uranium nitrate.....] — | — | — = +7 = Uranium nitrate.....) — | — | — mi ea +? Strontium nitrate....) - | +] — | +9 = = Strontium nitrate....) — | — | — a = +9 Cobalt nitrate.......) — | — | — _ - |4+9=0 Cobalt nitrate....... call Uo a te! = = a Copper nitrate...... -{|-|]-] +9 = - Copper nitrate....... -/|-|- - = + Cupric chloride...... -{-|- - - +9 Cupric chloride......) — | — | — = a +e Barium chloride.....] — | — | — - - |4+9=¢% Barium chloride.....| — | — | ® = a = Mercuric chloride....] — | — | — - - +9 Mercuric chloride....} — | — | — - - +9 3] 2] 2 12 1 6 o/ 1/ 3 1 4 7 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 319 Tass F.—Continued. TasiLeE F.—Continued. oe | ; 3 |4 lq é Eade | 3 gees | 3 galadias| 3 2 gaigaiaa| 3 a r Agent or reagent. oO a @ g a % Agent or reagent. Q a 2 8 2 2 oo lo glo ee a eg/caleg 5 a galgsiga 3 “w B galdsigo) 2 "0 B A la la a iss) 3 a In |n ea] =) 37. Iris pursind: 39. Tritonia crocosme- Polarization......... =|) =) - - +9 flora: Todine. ..603 cseesces —|)+t]—- - - _ Polarization.........) — } — |} — - = +9 Gentian violet.......) — | — | — - _ +c Todine.............. -—-{|-|-!| +9 -_ -_ Safranin............, — | — | — a -_ +e Gentian violet.......} + | — | — - = — Temperature........| + | — | — - - - Safranin............ -/-|- - +9 = Chloral hydrate..... coool Nice |e +9 - - Temperature........] + | — | — - = a Chromic acid........ = 58 a - = Chloral hydrate.....]| — | — | — - - +9 Pyrogallic acid. .....) — | — | — = +a = Chromic acid........ —|-|-] +9 - - Nitrie acids .cccecuna —-—{|—-|/-— +o’ _- - Pyrogallic acid......| — | ~ | — +9 = _ Sulphuric acid.......] — | + ] — - - - Nitric acid..........] — |] — | — - +9 _ Hydrochloric acid....] — | — | ® - - - Sulphuric acid....... —~|-!1@06 - -_ = Potassium hydroxide.} — | — | — - +o — Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | — +9 ss = Potassium iodide....| — | — | ® - - - Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — | +9 - _ Potassium sulphocy- Potassium iodide....) — | — | —|] +9 a - anate.............] — | — | @ - - aS Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphide...) + | — | — “ - - anate............. —{—|/-—| +9 a a Sodium hydroxide...| — | - | @ - - - Potassium sulphide...} — | — | — +o = oe Sodium sulphide.....J — | — | —|+é=%) — - Sodium hydroxide...) — | — | —47 +9 - = Sodium salicylate....J — | — | — al +9 - Sodium sulphide.....J — | — | — +9 = = Calcium nitrate.....| — | — | — = = +9 Sodium salicylate... . —{/—| +9 _ - Uranium nitrate.....J — | — | — |+é6=c%] — - Calcium nitrate..... -/-/|-] +9 = = Strontium nitrate....| — = = +o - = Uranium nitrate...,.| — os = +o = pe Cobalt nitrate.......) + |] -— | — _- - - Strontium nitrate....} — | — | — ae +o = Copper nitrate...... -~|/-|- - - +9 Cobalt nitrate...... —-{4+]- ~ = = Cupric chloride...... -;|-|- - +9=¢0 - Copper nitrate...... eee) ene ee +9 = = Barium chloride..... cee (ioc (eo a =r 9 Cupric chloride...... -|-|- +2 - —- Mercuric chloride....) — | — | — - +9 - Barium chloride.....| — | — | @ = = ae Mercuric chloride....} — | — | — +9 - - 3 2 5 5 5 6 2 1 2 16 3 2 38. Gladiolus colvillei: : Polarization.........| -— | — | —] +9 _ ~ 40. Begonia mrs. heal: Iodine.............. a We a = fou Polarization......... -|-|- - - |+9=¢ Gentian violet...... es 6 Ls a Iodine. tines e eee eeee + - - - - Safranin............ +]-|]- a - _ Gentian violet.......} + | — | — a cas is Temperature........ ae | eae | aoe +9 io _ inal teieeseuagal qf p— | = - - - Chloral hydrate.....) — | — | — a +9 emperature........ +}/—-]- - - - Chromic acid........} +] — | — - = = Chloral hydrate.....} — | —|—]| +9 = = Pyrogallic acid...... Selby antl) Soe +9 = = Chromic acid sienna a —-};-fy- +2 - _ Nitric acid.......... She ee le = = = Pyrogallic acid......| — | — | — | +9 - - Sulphuric acid.......) — | — | — - - +9 a acid. 7 ea azo eee ie a = = Hydrochloric acid....J| — | — | — - - +9 E t uric ACId....... ieee cel Be as ia = Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — - - +9 ydrochloric acid....| + | — | — = = = Potassium iodide....) — | — | — - _ +9 Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® by = = Potassium sulphocy- Potassium iodide....} + | — | — - - _ anate............. -|-|- - - +9 Potassium sulphocy- Potassium sulphide..} — | — | — _- = 9=09 ‘ anate............) +] — | — - - - Sodium hydroxide...} — | — | — _ - +9 otassium sulphide. .| + | — | — ee 7 = Sodium sulphide..... -|-j- - _ +9 aan hydroxide...) — | — | —| +8 = = Sodium salicylate....{| — | — | — - - +9 odium sulphide... .. Sep ede oe = = Calcium nitrate.....| —- | — | — on = 49 Sodium salicylate....J ~ | — | — +9 - - Uranium nitrate... . +;);-|- - - —_ Calcium nitrate. .... Rae) hag ole +9 = - Strontium nitrate....) — | — | — -~ = +9 Uranium nitrate.....]| — |] —]—]| +9 = = Cobalt nitrate....... -|-|/eo 23 2 oe Strontium nitrate....J — | — | — +9 = = Copper nitrate......] — | — | — os ee +9 Cobalt nitrate....... -{|-|-|] +92 - — Cupric chloride... . oe pees ieee aa =< ca Copper nitrate...... —|—{/—} +9 = = : oe eee end een _ as a Cupric chloride......} — | — | —] +9 = = Barium chloride.....} + Bari ehlonde a5 Mercuric chloride....} + Mesune iti ee ee ce = - 7 0 1 4 0 14 9 0 2 4 0 1 320 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TaBLe F.—Continued. Tasie F.—Continued. uo |4 .|a 3 3 {4 .|4 ‘ zee | & E kele| 3 slo 8|,2| 3 : slo kl, 2] 3 Agent or reagent. @ 8 aala¢ F % 3 Agent or reagent. 35/4 Bla 3 F 2 3 alg slg a 5 a g gala q a 5 a g Ra tol the a = 3 gag 2igs e = Q mn |m ID K iss] 4 n In |n | ie) ra 41. Begonia ensign: 45. Musa hybrida: Polarization.........| — | — | — +9 _ _ Polarization,.....-..| — | = | = - _ +o Iodine.............-| — —| +9 - - Iodine...........--- —|t+ - - - Gentian violet....... —-|-|-—- - - +c Gentian violet....... -—-{|+{- - - _ Safranin............ —-|-|-—- - - +o Safranin............ = ae | a - - Temperature........ —|}—-|]—-— +2 _ - Temperaturé...<..6.| — | 17 - - +d Chloral hydrate.....| — | — | — - +2 - Chloral hydrate.....} — | — | — - - +o Chromic acid........} — | — | — +9 _ - Chromic acid........ =) |) = - - +o Pyrogallic acid......] — | — +9 -— _ Pyrogallic acid...... +}/-|]- - - _ Nitric acid.......... —-|}—-|- +92 _ - Nitric acid.......... | fe _ - +o Strontium nitrate....| — | — | — +92 - - Sulphuric acid.......} — | — | — - - +o Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | — +c - - 0 0 0 7 1 2 Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | — |+9=c - Potassium iodide....} — | — | — - - +o Potassium sulphocy- anate............., — | —]- - = +¢ bo dea Potassium sulphide. .| — | — | — — _ +o i. Besonia julius: Podium hydroxide...) — (|= f=) = = | saat Polarization.........) —¢} # }] — - - - 5 ‘ " Sodium sulphide.....} — | — | — - - +c Todine..........0006/ — | mJ] _ +o - i i . . es ~ Sodium salicylate....) — | — | — ed val +h Gentian violet....... _ +o = Calcium nitrate an ten ae = 2 ch ee Saas e ae ee ee +9 re ia Uranium nitrate.....) — | — | — = -_ +a Chloral hy drite..... ae (ean (ee = +9 ue Strontium nitrate....) — | — | — = = +a Chromieadid..iacine| — | — |b ae - - scobale DuMe ea creeal = = me +e Pyrogallic acid es Weny lee 49 an _ Copper nitrate...... —_— |=) = - _ +o eb) el Sac Uliano teal) = |) ee . : ein ee ee ae i arium chloride.....| — | — | — = = ou Strontium nitrate... . +9 Wavcuric. chloride:...\ <= ||<>|-— = an +3 1 1 0 4 4 0 1 3 0 2 0 20 43. Begonia success: Polarization.........} — | +] — - - - Todiney. j..06 asics sa) = ae | - - - 7 cnn? Gentian violet.......] — | + | — - - - ie Phaius hybridus: i olarization.........| — | — | — = +92 = Safranin............| -# |] -— |] — - - - Todi Temperature........| — | — | —| +9 - - a veaa wiatek re eree Pteee | re || ee = = Chloral hydrate.....| — | — | —| +9 we = Se ee ae ey eal oe Te = Chromic acid........| —|-—]—| - | +9 = Saiana Gee nahin Siete eee Flies as Me ee lott ee Py) SY lier tease || ela | | | ee ‘ P A pee ee se is omic acid........} — | — | — = - - Strontium nitrate... . +9 Pyrogallie acid... wor | se ee Lee gt a = Nitric acid..........] — | -— | — | +9 oa = 2/ 3 9 2 3 0 Sulphuric acid....... — | — | ® - - - ise Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | ® = ae = Potassium hydroxide.} — | — | ® = = ea 44. Richardia mrs. Potassium iodide....) — | — | — |+?=c) — = Potassium sulphocy- roosevelt anate ae) (reese ~ om aE Polarization.......-.] | —|— |+@=e] ~ | — | potassium euiphide.|—|—]-]| - | - [reso Gentian violet.......] — | — - +¢2 - Sodium hydroxide. ..} — | — | — = = +o Safranin............ —-|/-|- - +2 - Sodium sulphide.....} — | + | — a = = Temperature........ —-j};-|-|]4+9=c7) - - Sodium salicylate...) — | + | — = 4 = Chloral hydrate.....| — | — | — ey +o an Calcium nitrate.....| — | — | — +9 - - Ghromis:adias oil, etindlt as @ > as ne poo nitrate..... i -|- +9 - _ er osrentegie Vso pel see tt Meee = Sy > trontium nitrate.... =| = ae = - ee ee ee ee ® ee 7» Cobalt nitrate ...... =f) =) +e! = = Sulphurie acid. a E : es le ie ie 8 Copper nitrate......] — | — | ® = - - eg | ky ma oe fa Cupric chloride......| — | — | — |+9=o¢ - - Hydrochloric acid.... +o Bari hlori Potassium hydroxide.| — - - +o - een oride.....} — | — | — | + a: 7 = Sodium salicylate... _|lo = a ee ereuric chloride....) - | — | — |+@2=%) — - 1 0 4 3 4 1 1 3 5 11 3 3 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Tas ie F.—Continued. TasLe F.—Concluded. 321 Tees | 8 "i, 2l2@s} 3 Sajagi/aa] ¢@ 3 ; A t Agent or reagent. 8 §)* als § g @ 3 gent or reagent. oRlog|o & & P| o da gs fal s i] 5 am ln an a se) 4 47, Miltonia bleuana: 48. Cymbidium eburn- Polarization.........] -— | — | —- - +9 - eo-lowianum—Con.: Todine..............| FE] — | —- - - - Sodium sulphide..... Gentian violet.......] — | -— | — - - +9 Sodium salicylate... . Safranin............/ -]— | — - - - Calcium nitrate..... Temperature........ —-/]/-]- - - Uranium nitrate..... Chloral hydrate.....} — | — | — +92 _ Strontium nitrate.... Chromic acid........ - - +9 - Cobalt nitrate....... Pyrogallic acid...... -|]—-|]- - +9 - Copper nitrate...... Nitric acid.......... -—-{/-|- - +9=c -_ Cupric chloride...... Sulphuric acid....... —-|@8 - - - Barium chloride..... Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | ® - - - Mercuric chloride... . Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® - - - Potassium iodide....| — | — | — _ 2 - Potassium sulphocy- anate............. $l — | — - - ~ Potassium sulphide. .| — - - +9 _ Sodium hydroxide...| — - - +9 - 49. Calanthe veitchii: Sodium sulphide.....| — - - +9 - Polarization......... Sodium salicylate....| -— | -— | — - +9 —_ Todine.............- Calcium nitrate...... -!-|j- - +9 Gentian violet....... Uranium nitrate.....| — | — | — - +9 - Safranin............ Strontium nitrate....] -— | — | — - +¢ - Temperature........ Cobalt nitrate....... -—-/|j|-{- - +o - Chloral hydrate..... Copper nitrate....... = fm |e oad +9 - Chromic acid........ Cupric chloride...... -;|}-{- - +9 - Pyrogallic acid. ..... Barium chloride.....]| — | — | — - +o - Nitric acid.......... Mercuric chloride... .} — - - +9 — Sulphuric acid....... a Hydrochloric acid.. .. 3 0 3 1 17 2 Potassium hydroxide. Sodium salicylate.... 48. Cymbidium eburn- eo-lowianum: Polarization.........} # | -— | — - - - * Todine.............. +}—|]- - - - 50. Calanthe bryan: Gentian violet....... +)-|]- - - - Polarization......... Safranin............] # | - | — - - - Fodite. .cictcecamas Temperature........] — | — | — - - +o Gentian violet....... Chloral hydrate.....] — | — | — = — +9=¢ Safranin............ Chromic acid........] — | -— | — _ - +9=0 Temperature........ Pyrogallic acid...... -i-t- - - +9=c Chloral hydrate..... Nitric acid.......... -|-|- - - +9=c Chromic acid........ Sulphuric acid.......] — | — | ® - - - Pyrogallic acid...... Hydrochloric acid....| — | — | ® = aa - Nitric acid.......... Potassium hydroxide.| — | — | ® - - - Sulphuric acid....... Potassium iodide....| — | — | ® - - - Hydrochloric acid... . Potassium sulphocy- Potassium hydroxide. anate.............] — | — | @® - - - Sodium salicylate.... Potassium sulphide..| — | — | ® = = = Sodium hydroxide...} — | — | ® i Sg + 3 it oi ; e feds | alotlea| 3 ; agaesl ag | B | a kle gle & 5 3 o galgega; 2 i.) iB n |n | 4 fen ras) aay —_ @ — _— _ abs be] s — |+9=¢ pelneeeesel| Ses - |49=¢2 -|-|-|] - — |+9=¢ — = @ _ a — Ss sie - |+9=¢ eS — |+9=0 -~|/-{-| - - |+9=2 -|-|-|] - - |+9=¢0 ~|/-|-]| - - |+9=¢ 4 0 9 0 0 13 eb == ons: | +9 poy = —-|/-|-}9=se] - - + — — _- —_ — + — = = — = sd ated Mi - = +2 2 1 0 5 4 1 -|-|+@=¢ = - -j-|-|]+e@=¢ - ae = pi |e: Eo =o! -_ - —|-|- |+@=¢ = = BO Pea ieee ~ = 2 lex [oe ms 1 0 0 11 1 0 21 322 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Summary or Taste F.—Recapitulation of the Sum-totals of the Reaction-intensities of the Starches of all of the Hybrids as regards Sameness, Intermediateness, Excess, and Deficit of Development of Different Hybrids in relation to the Parents. Same as | Same as | Same as Int Hybrids. seed pollen both diate, | Highest. | Lowest parent. parent. parents. oes Brunsdonna sanderce alba ............ 0. ccc ccc eee eee 4 0 1 5 3 13 Brunsdonna sanderee....... 20... ee eee ee tee eee eens 6 0 1 2 3 14 Hippeastrum titan-cleonia............ 0.00.00 eee ee eee ee atealenghies 2 3 8 4 5 4 Hippeastrum ossultan-pyrrha.......... 20... 0c cece eee eee eee 3 0 8 3 ii 1 Hippeastrum deeones-zephyr........... 0. eee eee 0 2 9 6 5 4 Hemanthus andromeda................. te ke RU RRAw EPA Mo Reahaes 8 0 6 11 0 1 Hemanthus konig albert... 0.2.0.0... 0. eee ee tee eee 15 0 0 7 1 3 Crinum hybridum: }. ovis: as easasesa se es ve tee sees ban eee ow ne 0 12 0 5 2 7 (CTU, TOR DG ss sesh se vessnGndc ats ee adeaceescansdeatincitsi Gre srbcanw iced -avaasutenansledee: B 4 1 0 18 2 1 CTIUM GO WELT sce. 25. lev sud crsviasa coved cra iaveve. dom eodease hed Bad ave Wu onNun Ny 0 3 0 2 21 0 Nerine dainty maid............. ccc cee eee enn ee nee ee ees 1 2 7 6 8 2 Nerine queen Of roses... 1... cc cece cece ce eee cent ence tee eees = i 7 z 11 2 Nervine. glantessie oo de-4u Ge gstieie ea aaa Vee nd we eee Oboe Apes ave ONG 2 6 7 6 1 4 Nerine abundanteic: 0, wcngssean eased ss esany sume aadaeoeare 28 3 8 3 7 3 1 9 Nerine glory ‘of sdrniasi:isecewes os oes y ae 2 oes HA eeeR EO Le BE 1 6 8 pS 0 10 Narcissus poeticus herrick........... 0.00. e cece ee een eee eens 0 3 0 3 2 2* Narcissus poeticus dante. ........ 0... cece een eee tence 1 4 0 4 1 O* Narcissus poetaz triumph............ 0. c cece cece ee teen eee e eee 2 2 1 0 20 1 NaPCisSUS METY COSS 5 5. bs. are ven ON ee Heck HAGA RE ae treat eee EE 1 2 0 2 2 3 Narcissus doubloonsass seats. isesieinid tyaca a. asses aie nh sclaend ae eae ieee 2 1 1 4 0 2* Narcissus: cresse tis ¢:iccces dive You 'sin's ecdidnrev one @ Gen ondigaigudinajeiag: ae dig ared 2 3 0 0 3 2* Narcissus ‘will scarleti o's 2s wiaondeuuenuos yuss suse sie bbers waodes 2 1 1 2 4 O* WNareiesus bicoldr epreibe so 44040 4ege ae a445 49 Seaeewanss Oo wy eed 3 1 1 “2 0 3* Narcissus madame de graaff......... 0... cece eee ee ee eens 4 2 0 1 | 2* INAFCIGSUS. PY TAIN UG S25 jens cccdjas tas ieee are saws S/he ge Wekeas uae ledelar Meld Fae 1 0 1 2 4 2* Narcissus Jord roberts............ 00. cee cece ene tenet eee eee 3 1 1 4 0 1* Narcissus agnes harvey......... 2.0. ee eee eee ee eee eee e ee teees 4 0 1 3 1 1* Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........ 0... ccc ce ee eee enetee 2 0 0 0 8 O* EilWm MaThaN | eis srssidcciar ies wees ew snes eae wee aOR See eas yy te 0 5 9 6 1 5 Eshium dalhansont ities oss eg a hge sg bp Os, Owls natin ed a's eh owas 4 1 9 9 2 1 Eilium golden gleam osé.0s.6c2¢26se ace bands oe eae een Par eseenaes 4 4 5 2 7 4 Lilium testaceums esi ese ie tides hoe eu ae od Roema se aay ee ee eee ws 4 3 2 1 6 4 Lilium’ burbank?: si ce-cccsy os oye 65 coke Hee enedisang, ey doe ges 2 1 1 6 0 16 MPS S1STN AID, ec, feng oasietas ser Faas a0 B Goave eae enehnenn aa wade WE oaamEn ee 3 2 2 12 1 16 MPS Ore 5 5 Ssrsiccoscivesiede Sues dod Sac tad Bie Sn dvadva apbtuatiatausiansxendlved wAiehd aun 6h 5 3 2 1 11 4 TPIS MTS: LAD BTCV. vec va cae hie G darned RRL Aw MLO HERS seeks 0 1 3 1 4 17 WTS PUPSING sis ecdeiale idk a 586.4 bt dies yarann nie atae be eae 3 2 § 5 5 6 Gladiolus: colvilletscionsaneccac yskices scone a Rea a eee ee 7 0 1 4 0 14 Tritonia crocosme@flora....... 6... cece eee eee cee teen nes 2 1 2 16 3 2 PRROIA WE8, DPR evane ees es pee as yere Be Beeneere re seevas een es 9 0 2 14 0 1 Beeonis Gusign.; sinees ca ch ee edey sa gn ei vencesd Se eS ELGESR RERSS 0 0 0 7 1 2* Bégonia jullus: vices sean eg esis sean ge bake Beeweteus Aes de aca aie 1 1 0 4 4 o* PCPON IA SUCHE as oxic echu ca tickusce 2 ese 06 Rime aeer hats Heo Re ER 2 3 0 2 3 OF Richardia mrs. roosevelt. ...... 2.0.0.0 c cece ce ee eee eee 1 0 4 3 4 i Musa by bridas cs.s cs. awancacdaln ets Rae tis abn amen an a weaned to 4 1 3 0 2 0 20 Phalus by bridusinc: cccccacas ca56 d604 4604 TRIE ERA RRR TR TROD Oe 1 3 5 11 3 3 Miltonia: bletanai:. 00 eaisa ao oetcecs kd is baie Ganong sarGee See ee op 3 0 3 1 17 2 Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum............ 0. eee eee eee eee 4 0 9 0 (0) 13 Calanthe' veitebii 22.2425 c24544.45 44 25 WeMheSe BeBe eR ERT EAE aE Ses 2 1 0 5 4 1* Catanthe DrVOdis ss oa as ede eee de 4o 0086 45455425 SORNSE EEE HELO C eS? 1 0 0 ii 1 O* Total number of reactions....... Nidade aan emo weee al eud aa aa 137 94 138 236 187 226 Per cent of 1018 reactions.......... 0... cece cee ee cence eee 13.4 9.2 13.6 23.2 18.4 22.2 Per cent of sameness and of intermediateness, highest and lowest. 36.2 63.8 * Number of reactions = 10 or 13. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF EacH Hysrip StTarcH IN RELATION TO SAMENESS AND INCLINATION TO Each PARENT AND BotH PARENTS. (Table G.) The data included in Table F, Parts 1 to 50, can be given a setting that will show quite clearly, although somewhat grossly, the comparative degrees of influence that have been exerted by each of the parents on the properties of the starch of the hybrid. Such a presenta- tion will be found in Table G. From the figures here formulated it will be seen that the various hybrids ex- hibit the widest differences in their parental bearings, there being all gradations between one extreme where with the exception of 3 reactions of 26 there is same- ness or inclination to the seed parent (as in Hemanthus kénig albert and Begonia mrs. heal) and the other ex- treme where with the exception of 1 or 2 reactions of 26 the corresponding relationship is borne to the pollen parent (as in Crinum hybridum j. c. h., C. powellit, Gladiolus colvillet, and Musa hybrida). In most of the hybrids there is a quite definite leaning to one or the other parent. In summing up the total number of reac- tions in each column it is found that of 1,018 reactions SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 434 (42.7 per cent) fall under same as or inclined to seed parent, 330 (32.4 per cent) under same as or in- clined to pollen parent, 140 (13.8 per cent) under same as both parents, and 114 (11.1 per cent) under as close to one as to the other parent. Nearly all of the reactions recorded as being the same as those of both parents have been found so because of too rapid or too slow gelatiniza- tion, and therefore doubtless misleading and defective in classification. It is of especial interest to note that TasieG 1.—Summary of Sameness and Inclination of the Reaction- intensities of the Starches of the Hybrids in relation to the Starches of the Parent-Stocks. Same as or a ak inclined to—| 8 . | 2 bec! F ——| 82] 8° Hybrids, A gagieg., 98/88] 08] 28 5 a 3&8 | x gq a oe. £ eal aal a 248 Brunsdonna sanderas alba......... 11 10 1 4 Brunsdonna sanderos.............] 18 9 1 3 Hippeastrum titan-cleonia......... 8 7 8 3 Hippeastrum ossultan-pyrrha...... Lt 6 8 1 Hippeastrum dsones-zephyr....... 7 5 9 5 Hemanthus andromeda........... 12 0 6 8 Hemanthus kénig albert..........| 23 2 0 1 Crinum hybridum j.c.h.......... 1 25 0 0 Crinum kirecape..................| 22 4 0) 0 Crinum powellii,................. 0 24 0 2 Nerine dainty maid............... 7 9 7 3 Nerine queen of roses............. 9 8 z 2 Nerine giantess.....0.... 0.000000 5 10 7 4 Nerine abundance................ 6 12 7 1 Nerine glory of sarnia............. 7 10 8 1 Narcissus poeticus herrick......... 4 5 0 1 Narcissus poeticus dante.......... 3 5 0 2 Narcissus poetaz triumph.......... 4 17 1 4 Narcissus fiery cross. ...........-. 3 4 0 3 Narcissus doubloon............... 5 3 1 1 Narcissus cresset..............0055 7 3 0 0 Narcissus will scarlet.............. 5 4 1 0 Narcissus bicolor apricot.......... 6 3 1 0) Narcissus madame de graaff....... 7 3 0 0 Narcissus pyramus................ 5 3 1 i. Narcissus lord roberts............. 5 4 1 0 Narcissus agnes harvey............ 5 3 1 1 Narcissus j. t. bennett poe........./ 10 2 0 0 Liliom marhaa.. 2.046 ee cree ee aes 4 12 9 1 Lilium dalhansoni................. 6 10 9 1 Lilium golden gleam.............. 12 8 5 1 Lilium testaceum................. 17 5 2 2 Lilium burbanki..................] 18 5 1 ri Tris ismali......................-] 10 6 2 8 Tris dorak .. 0.2... cece eee ee es 13 9 2 2 Iris mrs. alan grey..............0. 7 13 3 3 Tels pursing... co ccccseawxecesegse} 10 8 5 3 Gladiolus colvillei................ 23 0 1 Z Tritonia crocosmeeflora............ 20 4 2 0 Begonia mrs. heal. ............... 23 0 2 1 Begonia ensign..............00005 8 2 0 0 Begonia julius ................... 6 4 0 (0) Begonia success. ........ 0.02000 0e 7 3 0 0 Richardia mrs. roosevelt .......... 1 5 4 3 Musa hybrida. ............0000008 0 25 0 1 Phaius hybridus.................. 8 7 5 6 Miltonia bleuana................. 20 2 3 1 Cymbidium eburneo-lowianum..... 4 1 9 12 Calanthe veitchii................. 11 1 0 1 Calanthe bryan.............eee0s 3 5 0 5 Total number of reactions.......| 434 330 140 114 Per cent of 1018 reactions....... 42.7 | 32.4 | 13.8 11.1 75.1 24.9 323 764 (75.1 per cent) of the reactions fall under the first two columns, 42.7 per cent of the 75.1 per cent, or dis- tinctly more than one-half, being in favor of the seed parent and the remaining 32.4 per cent being in favor of the pollen parent, showing a distinctly greater influence of the seed parent. The last column includes many of the intermediate, excess, and deficit reactions of the hy- brids, some of which will likely be traced by further investigation to closeness to one or the other parent. Thus, when a reaction of the hybrid exceeds parental limits and is as close to one as to the other parent it is as likely that the peculiarity of the hybrid is due to one of the parents as to both.- At present we have not the data to permit of this differentiation. REACTION-INTENSITIES OF ALL THE HyBrip STARCHES with Each AGENT AND REAGENT AND AS REGARDS SAMENESS AND INCLINATION OF THEIR PROPERTIES In RELATION TO ONE OR THE OTHER OR BoTH PARENTS. (Table H, Parts 1 to 26 and Summaries 1 and 2.) In Table F, 1 to 50, in a preceding subsection it is shown that combinations of the reactions of starches with different agents and reagents give in the case of each starch a mosaic picture that is specific to the starch, no two tables being the same, or even very much alike, even when the hybrids are of the same cross; and that, as a corollary, each hybrid starch can positively be diagnosed from every other by the peculiarities of the parental rela- tionships. It was also rendered evident that this demon- stration of individuality is dependent upon both specifi- city of the starch and specificity of the agent or reagent, as is manifest by the fact that if one starch be substituted for another or one reagent substituted for another the reactions may be like or unlike. Thus, taking the three - Crinums, it will be seen that the iodine reactions of the seed parents are in all three the same or practically the same as those of the corresponding pollen parents. In the temperature reactions one (C. hybridum j. c. h.) has a higher reactivity than that of either parent and closer to the pollen parent; another (C. kircape) has an intermediate reactivity and is closer to the seed parent; and another (C. powellii) has a higher reactivity than that of either parent and closer to the pollen parent. In the chloral-hydrate reactions one hybrid is inter- mediate and closer to the pollen parent ; another the same as the seed parent; and another the highest, and as close to one as to the other parent. In the pyrogallic acid reactions one hybrid is the lowest and closer to the pollen parent; another intermediate and closer to the pollen parent; another highest and closer to the pollen parent, etc. In other words, the nature of the reaction is deter- mined by the character of the starch plus the character of the agent or reagent ; each starch has inherently poten- tialities of both parents that are expressed by reaction- intensities, either or both of which may be elicited in accordance with conditions; different agents and reagents may behave the same or differently in relation to these potentialities; and either parental potentiality can be developed at will by proper selection of the agent or reagent. These facts are of such fundamental importance and broadness in their bearings that it seems to be highly 324 desirable to inquire somewhat critically into the evidence at hand so as to learn to what extent, if any, each of the various agents and reagents exhibits a definite propensity to elicit one or the other parent-phases. Consequently, the data recorded in the preceding tables have been given a resetting in Table H, Parts 1 to 26, in each of which division will be found the reactions of all of the hybrid starches with each agent and reagent, thus presenting in a most succinct and striking form the peculiarities mani- fested by each agent and reagent in the elicitation of such reactions. Each division of the table is, as in the pre- ceding set, so characteristic of the agent or reagent that each is specific and diagnostic—in the former set, specific and diagnostic in relation especially to the starch ; in this set, specific and diagnostic in relation especially to the agent or reagent. Hven the tables representing the off- spring of the same cross (Brunsdonna sandere alba and B. sandere; and Narcissus poeticus herrick and N. poeti- cus dante) can be distinguished from each other at a glance. In the present table of agents and reagents we find parallels in pairs that are similar to the pairs of hybrids in the preceding tables, as, for instance, in potas- sium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide and potas- sium sulphide and sodium sulphide which are comparable to two hybrids of the same cross, in each of which pairs the two tables will be found to be so definitely unlike in so many respects as to be as specific and diagnostic as are the tables of the pairs of Brunsdonne and Narcissus hy- brids, respectively. It has been pointed out particularly that different starches in their reactions with different agents and rea- gents exhibit marked variations in both kind and dis- tribution of the reactions among the six parental phases, there being all gradations between one extreme that is characterized by almost universal sameness of the hybrid starch to the starch of the seed parent and the other ex- treme where a corresponding relationship was found to- ward the pollen parent; or a striking proneness to intermediateness ; or for the reactions to be in excess of deficit of parental extremes. In other words, certain starches show in their reactions marked likeness to the seed or pollen parent, or intermediateness, etc., while others exhibit a two-phase peculiarity which may be mani- fested in sameness to both parents associated with de- velopment in excess of the parental extremes, or in other forms of combination as pointed out in Table C 17 under Calanthe. Inasmuch as the reactions of the different starches were obtained by means of the same agents and reagents, one would naturally be led to the conclusion that with the starch as the varying factor and the agents and reagents as the constant factor the propensities of different starches to exhibit especially seed or pollen parent propensities, intermediateness, etc., are inherent to the starch molecules, and that the agents and reagents may be inert or indifferent, or in other words, that they do not have any especial propensity of themselves to elicit any given parent-phase in preference to any other. There- fore, in differentiating the part played by starch mole- cule and reagent, respectively, when a given parent-phase is developed, it seems that we should take into account in the reaction whether or not the starch molecule has been altered, for if not altered the peculiarity of the reaction would naturally be attributed to the starch alone SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. and would represent an existent phase in contradistinc- tion to a developed phase that is owing to the reagent bringing to light a potential or latent phase. In some instances as pointed out the starch molecule is either not in the least modified or but extremely slightly modified in the reaction, whereas in others it is partially or completely broken down by presumably simple processes of hydration, or by a process of hydra- tion plus some additional reaction or reactions that de- pended upon some peculiar component or components of the reagent. Inasmuch as in the polarization reaction the molecules are unchanged the reaction must depend solely upon inherent properties of the molecules and indicate an existent parent-phase, comparable to the obvious parent-phases that are exhibited in the histologic properties of the starch grains; and it might be taken for granted, as a corollary, that any agent or reagent that yields a reaction with the starch molecules without break- ing down the molecules, would elicit the same parent- phase reaction. That is, if in the polarization reaction sameness to the seed parent is noted the same would be seen in the iodine and aniline reactions; but as this is, in fact, not the case, any parent-phase of this complex may be demonstrated without or with molecular disorganiza- tion. Thus, in Crinum kircape, we find that the polariza- tion reaction is higher than in either parent, but closer to the reaction of the seed parent; the iodine reaction is intermediate, but closer to that of the pollen parent; the gentian-violet reaction is the same as that of the pol- len parent ; and the safranin reaction higher than in either parent, but nearer the reaction of the seed parent, and so on in different starches in varying forms of combination of these reactions. In other words, in the starch mole- cule as in the albumin molecule the components or potentials are in the form of a complex labile aggregate, so that it is easy to elicit any parent-phase component or potential of the starch molecule. Not only are these parent-phases readily separable and demonstrable by proper agents and reagents, but there is also evidence that different agents and reagents exhibit marked differences in their propensities to elicit a given phase or given phases. This is rendered very obvious by the data as reset in the summaries of Table H (page 336) in which, how- ever, those recorded under “ same as both parents ” should be omitted because in nearly all instances there was no satisfactory differentiation owing to extremely rapid or extremely slow gelatinization. It will be seen by the first summary of this Table that while in case of many of the agents and rea- gents there is no manifest propensity to elicit sameness as the seed parent, or sameness as the pollen parent, or intermediateness, etc., the opposite holds good in varying degree for others. Thus, in the polarization reactions the reactions of the 50 starches are distributed quite equally among the 5 phases. In the iodine reactions there is an obvious increase in the number of reactions that fall in the first column, this being associated par- ticularly with a falling off in the “highest ” and “low- est” columns. In the temperatures of gelatinization there is a marked lessening in sameness as the seed parent and sameness as the pollen parent, this being asso- ciated with a corresponding increase in the intermediate column, showing that in 21 of the 50 starches heat, in SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. causing gelatinization, gives rise to conspicuousness of an intermediate parent-phase. In 10 of the 47 starches sulphuric acid developed sameness as the seed parent, and in only 3 sameness as the pollen parent; potassium sul- phocyanate developed sameness as seed parent in 6 of the 32 reactions and sameness as the pollen parent in one only; potassium sulphide, in 5 and 2, respectively; strontium nitrate, in 5 and 0, respectively, and so on. Certain other reagents exhibit a reversal of these pro- pensities, as is noted particularly in the reactions of chloral hydrate, sodium salicylate, and cupric chloride, in which are found ratios 1:6, 1: 4, and 2:3, respectively. But in the intermediate, highest, and lowest columns, many reactions are recorded that are closer to one than to the other parent, and when these are added to the first two columns, as in the summary of Table H, the pro- pensities are in some instances practically unaltered, in others accentuated, and in others lessened or reversed. It will be seen by comparing the two summaries that in the first in the polarization reactions 11 are the same as those of the seed parent and 11 the same as those of the pollen parent; and in the second an almost equal division, 26 and 20, respectively. In the iodine reactions the figures in the two tables are 16:12 and 25:18, respec- tively—a ratio of 1: 0.75 and 1: 0.72, respectively; in both of these reactions there being no essential difference in the two tables. In the temperature of gelatinization reactions the first table gives 7: 3, and the second 29: 18, or ratios of 1:0.43 and 1:0.62, which show a slight falling off in the latter. In the chloral-hydrate reactions the first table shows a marked propensity to the pollen parent, and the second a propensity to one about as much as to the other; on the other hand, in the chromic- acid reactions in the first table there is shown a ratio of 4:8 and in the second table 31:12, or in the latter two and a half times the propensity to develop sameness or closeness to the seed parent as to the pollen parent. In other words, it seems that certain reagents, while having definite propensities to develop a seed or pollen phase, show varying degrees in their propensities to elicit same- ness or closeness, some tending comparatively largely to sameness and little to closeness, and others the reverse, and so forth. Moreover, while a given reagent may have a propensity to elicit sameness as one parent, it may have at the same time a marked propensity to develop closeness to the other parent in other starches, so that in the summing up of the reactions with different starches one may counterbalance the other. This is illustrated in the chloral-hydrate reactions, in which it is shown in the two summaries that the propensity to elicit sameness to the pollen parents is 6 times greater than to sameness to the other parent, while it is also shown that because of a propensity to develop closeness to the seed parent the former difference is dissipated and an equal tendency is manifested to develop either the seed or pollen parent phase, the ratio being 23: 20. It seems, therefore, that‘a better picture is to be obtained of these propensities if those to sameness are included with those to closeness. A cursory examination of the figures of the first two columns of the latter table (the other columns may be omitted to advantage and without leading to misunderstanding), will render it evident that the agents and reagents fall into 3 classes in accord- 325 ance with their propensity to elicit sameness and close- ness to the seed parent, sameness or closeness to the pollen parent, or an absence of propensity to elicit either parental relationship in preference to the other, and that the classes merge into each other, as follows: Same as or closer to the— Seed Pollen parent. | parent. Polarization 06s jc.edaia aes ga eu diate wee anaen 26 20 LOGIC 6656.51 5.se sass ie GR ae Gress tek Ried bE ao ase ARR 25 18 Safranin................0005 24 21 Temperature of gelatinization . 29 18 Chloral hydrate............. 23 20 Chromic acid................ 31 12 Pyrogallic acid oi. .cce cc ceececaeusiesaisass 23 15 Nitriciacid ses coweyayeses sedate gt cd sates ee 24 11 Sulphuric: acid eons oj s2 06 o6 ae gece gen deueceas ae 18 11 Potassium iodide... ............0..00 000002 0ee 13 8 Potassium sulphocyanate..................0.. 13 9 Sodium sulphide.............. 0000000000 eee 12 9 Calcium nitrate........ 0.0.0... ccc eee eee eee 16 12 Uranium nitrate..........00. 0000000 eee cece 15 10 Strontium nitrate....... 0.0.0... . ccc eee 15 10 Barium chloride.............0... gcc cece ee eee 13 4 Mercuric chloride....................0000008- 14 6 Copper nitrate............0. 00.2 ccc ee ee eee Be 10 Sodium salicylate.........000 0.00.0. cece eee 16 15 Potassium hydroxide................00 0000s. 8 8 Cupric chloride..........0.. 00.0002 ce eee eee 9 9 Hydrochloric acid............0 000.0000 cee a 12 Gentian violet............0.000.00 000 0c cece aes 21 25 Potassium sulphide....................000000- ” 10 Sodium hydroxide............ 0.0.0... ee cee 11 14 Cobalt nitrate.... 0.0.0... ee eee ee eee 6 11 With very few exceptions the ratios appear to be ~ such as to make the assignment quite definite. From these groups it will be seen that most of the agents and reagents (17 of the 26) tend, most of them markedly, to elicit the seed parent phase ; somewhat less than one-sixth (4 of the 26), seldom markedly, tend to elicit the pollen parent phase ; and the remaining less than one-fifth (5 of the 26) tend with about or equal propensity to elicit one or the other parent-phase. Perhaps, several that have been assigned to the first group, especially chloral hy- drate, should be transferred to the last group, and other redistribution made. It seems from the foregoing data that the develop- ment of the various parent-phases is dependent upon two fundamental factors: One, inherent properties of the starch by virtue of which different starches exhibit with the same agent or reagent specific parent-phase reactions, one starch reacting the same as the seed parent, another the same as the pollen parent, another intermediate be- tween the two parents, etc., as shown in preceding table; and the other, inherent properties of the agents and reagents by virtue of which, in association with the plas- tic starch molecule, any parent-phase desired may be de- veloped at will in any given starch. Inasmuch as there are thus two factors which may tend in like or unlike directions in the evolution of a parent-phase, it is clear that the greatest variations in these manifestations must be expected in the reactions, both when there is a single starch reacting with various reagents or a single reagent reacting with various starches. 326 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TasLe H TaBLe H.—Continued. 1 . ' is % lee 4 3 isa 3 a a 4 = g 3 m 3 6la 5 3 3 ‘ Hybrids. a gle aja a 4 3 Hybrids. agi? alga 5 B # Saioglea| & a @ 2giegalogl § a g Hald@eeal 2 a EB Haye eia a) s ic) B mn Im |m Pe | el OD im {wn 4 iq =) 1. Polarization reactions: 2. Iodine reactions: Brunsdonna sanderce Brunsdonna sanderce albbaiss ces dagyaasios +/-|- - - - alba.. oe +/-]- - - Brunsdonna sandere.| — | — | — +9 - - Brunsdonna sanderce: +}-|]- - Hippeastrum titan- Hippeastrum titan- cleonia............ -j-[{- - +9 - cleonia........... he) = Hippeastrum ossul- Hippeastrum ossul- tan-pyrrha........) — | — |] — - +o - tan-pyrtha........] — | — | — |+9 Hippeastrum deones- Hippeastrum-deones- zephyr.. ‘ -|-|- - +o - gephyr............ —-|+{-—- - Hemanthus “‘andro- Hemanthus andro- meda.. =| =| — "|e =a = - MEd Ae, 2 cacgaie es —|-|- {+9 Hemanthus konig al- Hemanthus kénig al- bert. —-|-|- - +d - bert.. —-|-|]-14+9 - Crinum ‘hybridum js Crinum hybridum. 7 Gis Dis edrasiuecesashgidigeios —-|-|j]- - +c - Cuba vineavacwors —-}4+t- - Crinum kireape...... =| — | _ +9 - Crinum kircape...... —-{|-{- +o Crinum powellii.....| — | + | — - - - Crinum powellii.....| — | — | — |4+9= Nerine dainty maid..| — | + | — - - -_ Nerine dainty maid. .| — [ — | — - Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — - - +o Nerine queen of roses| — | + | — _ Nerine giantess......| — | — | — _ -_ +9 Nerine giantess......| — | + | — - Nerine abundance...} — | — | — - - +9 Nerine abundance....| + | — | — - Nerine glory of sarnia| + | — | — —- - - Nerine glory of sarnia} — | — | — - Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus herrick........... -—-|-|{- +9 - - herrick........... —-j+{- - - Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus Manik canna ee os —-|—-|- +9 _ - dante. —-!l+]—- - - - Narcissus poetaz tri- Narcissus poetaz ‘trie MMNPN ¢.kakwe aa o4 4 -—-{|+{]- —_ - - WO ccee 34-05 —-|+t]—- - - Narcissus fiery cross| — | + | — - - - Narcissus fiery cross.| + | — | — _ - Narcissus doubloon. .| + | — | — - - =- Narcissus doubloon. .| + | — | — - - Narcissus cresset . . —-14+]-—- - _ —_ Narcissus cresset..... —/+]-—- - — Narcissus will scarlet} + | — | — - - — Narcissus will scarlet.| — | + | — - —_ Narcissus bicolor apri- Narcissus bicolor apri- Ota: Atducaanenes J+t]—“/-]- - _ COBM see vets ees -|-|- + - = Narcissus madame de Narcissus madame de graaff............J] — | #]- - - - graaff............ +/-|- - Narcissus pyramus...| — | — | — - +9=¢ _ Narcissus pyramus...} + - - Narcissuslord roberts} — | + | — - - - Narcissus lord roberts| — | — | @® - Narcissus agnes har- Narcissus agnes har- VOY ninaveas teas 8 +) -|- _ - _ VOW code cdeatn as +; -]- - Narcissus j. t. bennett Narcissus j. t. bennett DOO raic: dusted dasneunduys woe +/-|- - - - poe. wel El ol - Lilium marhan...... —-|4+]- _ - - Lilium marhan.. yeneae -|}—-]- +¢ Lilium dalhansoni...| + | — | — - - - Lilium dalhansoni.. —-|—-][- - Lilium golden gleam.|} — | — | — - _ +9 Lilium golden gleam . -—-|-|- - Lilium testaceum....] + | — | — - - - Lilium testaceum....| — | — | — - Lilium burbanki.....} — | + | — - - - Lilium burbanki.....} + | -— | — - Tris ismali.......... -|-|- - - +¢ Tris ismali...........] |] — |] — - Tris dorak...........] #J]—-]—- _ - — Iris dorak...........] # | — | — - Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — - - +o Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — - Iris pursind,........ -j-|J- - - +9 Iris pursind. . | —~|}+t]— - Gladiolus colvillei....} — | — | — +9 — - Gladiolus colvillei... —-j-|[- - Tritonia crocosmse- Tritonia crocosme- BOTs cisacce dances Sb eT ae _ = +9 flora. eae -j-{- +9 Begonia mrs. heal....J — | — | — -_ _— +9=¢0 Begonia m mrs. 3. heal. . +/)-]- - Begonia ensign...... —-|}-|- +9 - =- Begonia ensign...... —-|-|- +9 Begonia julius.......} — | + | — - - _ Begonia julius.......] — | — | — - Begonia success.....| — | + |] — - -_ _ Begonia success...... —-i+{—- - Richardia mrs. roose- Richardia mrs. roose- Veltis sane arenes -|-|-|4+9=¢ - = Veltipincens eve ueds, or al (ara ce = = Musa hybrida.......] — | — | — - - +o Musa hybrida....... -/+]- - Phaius hybridus.....} — | — | — - +9 - Phaius hybridus..... -|-j- +o Miltonia bleuana....] — | — | — = +2 - Miltonia bleuana... . -j-|- Cymbidium eburneo- Cymbidium eburneo- lowianum......... eS as = al - lowianum......... ae = Calanthe veitchii....) — | — | — | +92 _ - Calanthe veitchii..... — | — | —| +9 Calanthe bryan..... . -/|-|- +c - - Calanthe bryan...... —-|-—|-J]+2 11/11] 0 9 9 10 16/12) 1 12 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 327 TasLe H.—Continued. Taste H.—Continued. uo] re | 5 ae} A slg o . n * Hybrids, ag|asles| 3 # es Hybrids, SH/2diae| 3 4 r oRlo o a ] & oHlo oe 2 oO gale slag) 3 eI E pajesles| 8 e E n Im |n Ra} i H mn |m | 4 ep] H 3. Gentian-violet reac- tions: 4, Safranin reactions: Brunsdonna sanderce Brunsdonna sanderce alba..........eeee +o — alba.. - +a - Brunsdonna sandere. +3 =- Brunsdonna naridercs. - +9 - Hippeastrum titan- Hippeastrum titan- cleonia. _ cleonia........... + _ _ Hippeastrum ”ossul- Hippeastrum _ossul- tan-pyrrha. . +9 — tan-pyrrha........ _ +9 = pai aia dmones- i ola dzeones- zephyr.. 4 - +o zephyr .. - - - Hemanthus “andro- Hemanthus | ‘andro- meda.. - - - MOO Bi cies cae ds eiaes - - +9=¢0 Hemanthus kénig al- Hemanthus kénig al- bert.. - - +9 bert... -|/|- - +9 Crinum hybridum is Crinum bybridum j. eh hc aseagrered tase +f _ e.h.. nene - - +2 Crinum kireape...... ~ = Crinum kircape.. peasy ' _ +9 _ Crinum powellii..... - _ Crinum powellii: .... + - - Nerine dainty maid. .| — _ _ Nerine dainty maid... — - - Nerine queen of roses} -++ = - Nerine queen of roses - — - Nerine giantess......| + _ _ Nerine giantess...... - - — Nerine abundance...| — - _ Nerine abundance... - _ - Nerine glory of sarnia _ +9 Nerine glory of sarnia + - -_ Narcissus poeticus Narcissus _poeticus herrick .. P - +9 herrick...........| — | — - +9 Narcissus poeticus — Narcissus _poeticus dante...........6. - _ dante. P + - _ Narcissus poetaz tet Narcissus poetaz tri- umph............ - - UMPH sas cares - - +9=0 Narcissus fiery cross. _ _ Narcissus flery cross . + _ _ Narcissus doubloon. . = = Narcissus doubloon. + — — Narcissus cresset.... - - Narcissus cresset.... + - - Narcissus will scarlet. +h - Narcissus will scarlet. ~ +o _ Narcissus bicolor apri- Narcissus bicolor apri- cot.. - - cot.. is - - - Narcissus madame ‘de Narcissus madame ‘de 7 Maa eevee yee _ - graafft scaebia - - - Narcissus pyramus... _ - Narcissus pyramus... _— _ — Narcissus lord roberts - - Narcissus lord roberts _ - _ Narcissus agnes har- Narcissus agnes har- vey. - - vey. - _ -_ Narcissus j. t. bennett Narcissus j. t. bennett poe. re +9 - poe . - +9 _ Lilium marhan ... ¥ - +o Lilium iaphanc: - _ +o Lilium dalhansoni.. oo _- _ Lilium dalhansoni. - oa - - = Lilium golden gleam. . - +o Lilium golden gleam.. - _ +c Lilium testaceum.... _ _ Lilium testaceum.... + - - Lilium burbanki..... - _ Lilium burbanki..... - —_ - Iris ismali........... - - Tris ismali........... - — - Tris dorak.c.cccus ss +o — Tris dorak........... + - _- Iris mrs. algn-grey... - +9 Iris mrs. alan grey... - — +9 Tris pursind. . - +o Iris pursind......... - - +o Gladiolus colvillei. . - _ Gladiolus colvillei.... _ - _ Tritonia crocosm# Tritonia crocosmz- flora. 3 - - LOT A ac scantneavisvinsice, 309, 9 - +9 =— Begonia m mrs. a healcs - - Begonia mrs. heal.... - - _ Begonia ensign...... _ +o Begonia ensign...... - =— +o Begonia julius.......| — +o - Begonia julius....... - +o _ Begonia success...... — Begonia success...... =_ — _ Richardia mrs. roose- Richardia mrs. roose- velt.. een - +a - velt.. neti th Se - +f - Musa hybrida.. + - - Musa hybrida.. Was Sa + - =- Phaius hybridus. . eaeans - +92 - Phaius hybridus. .... _ +9 = Miltonia bleuana.... - +9 Miltonia bleuana.... - — - Cymbidium eburneo- Cymbidium eburneo- lowianum. . so mee lowianum......... ~ - - Calanthe veitchii. - - Calanthe veitchii. ... + - _ Calanthe bryan...... = = Calanthe bryan...... _ - _ 10 10 11 10 10 328 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TasBLe H.—Continued. TasLe H.—Continued. ZF jt 3/4 3 e Lt ea 3 eae, i (ae2 | 3 . blak 3 . sla 4 3 , nue 25/88/23) @ 3 4 Hybrids. a5/3 8/33) 3 3 2 ORl/e aloe K a oO eRlealek a a oO gajgeiea 2 “wp EB q#algeiaal 3 <) 3 na |n jn 4 is 4 nN |n | 4 ss) Hy 5. Mean temperatures 6. Chloral-hydrate reac- of gelatinization: tions: Brunsdonna sanderce Brunsdonna sanderce alba. . : =) ee || +9 -_ act alba.. , —-|/-|j-|- +9 Brunsdonna sanderce. +]/-|]- _ _- - Brunsdonna sanderee, —-|-jJ- a +9 as Hippeastrum titan- Hippeastrum titan- cleonia........... —-/|4+]-—- - _ _ cleonia. ae eae = ces +9 Hippeastrum ossul- Hippeastrum — ossul- tan-pyrrha........ -—-{|—-|]— - +¢ - tan-pyrrha.. yo} ole- +9 = Ane, ey aaa deeones- Hippeastrum dmones- zephyr. . —-~|—-|- - |49=c7) — zephyr. . oe SS = = +a Hemanthus andro- Hemanthus ‘andro- Meds. cis as cy Kew —-|- _ +9 _ _ meda.. =_ = —-|+9=e7/- —- Hemanthus kénig al- Hemanthus kénig al- bert........c.0.0. aie ee | = - - bert........0. 000. ale fo = = +9 Crinum hybridum j Crinum Ey pedice j. Ci iar acsonsnvicat ets —-|j—-|-—- - - +a Os Weciess wr: wef mf opr +o = ore Crinum kircape...... —-|-|-)] +29 - - Crinum kircape. Sodas +])/—-]— - =e as Crinum powellii.....| — | — | — - +o - Crinum powellii. . ee ne = +9=¢ tt Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | — +o - - Nerine dainty maid. j|oflorojcr fou ~ = Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — +2 - - Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — = +2 ~~ Nerine giantess......) — | — | — _ +9 - Nerine giantess......| — | + | — - - 2s Nerine abundance...} + | — | — - - - Nerine abundance...} — | — | — - +o - Nerine glory of sarnia} — | — | — | +9 _ - Nerine glory of sarnia| — | — | — - as +9 Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus herrick........... -|/-|J- +9 a - herrick........... -—-i|+]-—- _ = a Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus dante............ —{-f—- +9 - = dante. : —-|+]— = = = Narcissus poetaz tri- Narcissus poetaz ‘tri- umph.......... a.) eS - - - umph............J — | -—] — - +9 = Narcissus fiery cross.| — | — | — - +9 - Narcissus fiery cross.| — | — | — _ = + Narcissus doubloon. .| — | — | — +c = - Narcissus doubloon..| — | — | — - —- |49=¢ Narcissus cresset..... —-|j-|j—- - - +9 Narcissus cresset....| — | — |] — a +9 Narcissus will scarlet.) — | — | — | +29 - - Narcissus will scarlet.| — | — | @ = ‘a = Narcissus bicolor apri- Narcissus bicolor apri- WO ncsy ke ah seaees —-|!-|- wee = +9 eee area -—-i|4+]-— im i es Narcissus madame de Narcissus. madame de graaff............) —1 oe] — - - _ graaff............ —-i|-|—- = +o = Narcissus pyramus...| — | — | — - - +o Narcissus pyramus...| — | — | — - _ +9 Narcissus lord roberts} — | — | — +o << - Narcissus lord roberts} — | — | — +9 - _ Narcissus agnes har- Narcissus agnes har- vey. coca Pec ect Mia oh = - VEV eles es cue eye -|-/|-|] 4+¢ = ae Narcissus j. t. bennett Narcissus j. t. bennett POE diocese eteases =—,;o|— = +o - poe . ee en ee (ee = +9 a Lilium marhan...... ee en Os = = +c Lilium marhan. ie ap fees -|-|- +c - - Lilium dalhansoni...| — | — | — +o - - Lilium dalhansoni....| — | + | — - = = Lilium golden gleam.| — | — | — | +2 - = Lilium golden gleam.| — | + | — - _ = Lilium testaceum....| — | — | — ~ +9 _ Lilium testaceum....}] — | — | — - _ +9 Lilium burbanki.....| — | — | — - - +9 Lilium burbanki.....| — | -— | — +9 = = Tris ismali........... —-|-|;-|+9= - - Tris ismali.......... —-|-|j- +o - - Tris dorak...........] -— | — | —- - +9 _ Iris dorak........... —-}-ye- - -_ +9=¢0 Tris mrs. alan grey...}| — | — | — - +o - Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — = +o = Tris pursind......... +/-j- - - - Tris pursind......... -|j-|]-—- +9 oo — Gladiolus colvillei....) — | — | — +h = - Gladiolus colvillei....) — | — | — - = +9 Tritonia crocosme- Tritonia crocosm#- MOTE oc uesseasaeeen +/-]- ea - - flora. | -—-;j—-{- - = +9 Begonia mrs. heal....) + | — | — — - - Begonia m mors. acheal... — - S| ee +9 = an Begonia ensign...... —|— | = +9 os _ Begonia ensign...... —-|!-|- = +9 = Begonia julius.......) -— | — | — | +2 aus - Begonia julius....... -—-|-|- = +9 - Begonia success...... -|}-|- +9 - = Begonia success...... —-/-|j|-—+ +9 ae as Richardia mrs. roose- Richardia mrs. roose- velt.. eaeae] Se fe | eee = = - MELE ai 2 cae loneiucteus -|-|- - +2 - Musa hybrida.. met aee Sa = = +o Musa hybrida.......| — | — | — - - +o Phaius hybridus. .... SP = = as Phaius hybridus. .... = Ast c= _ - +c Miltonia bleuana....) — | — | — - -_ +9 Miltonia bleuana....| — | — | — | +9- _ - Cymbidium eburneo- Cymbidium eburneo- lowianum. . a = = +a lowianum. . .-fo}olo - - +9=¢ Calanthe veitchii . -{[-|[- al +9 - Calanthe veitchii . -—-|/-|- - +9 = Calanthe bryan...... —-|-;-] +9 _ - Calanthe bryan...... -|/-|/-]4e9=7) - on 713 ]0 21 10 9 1/6/41 14 14 14 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 329 TasLze H.—Continued. Taste H.—Continued. ile | ¢ a ieee] ¢ a a 3 a g 3 a. a 8 |.8 3 5 ia a " 7 1/2 8] an oO H . Hybrids. al ee % z Hybrids. age 8/8 | fl § 3 pages) 2 ) 3 | é pages s | eB | OS an |n |a 4 ine) | n |n 1a a ise A 7. Chromic-acid reac- 8. Pyrogallic-acid reac- tions: tions: Brunsdonna sanderce Brunsdonna. sanderce alba.. —-j|—-—-|-|J+e=a/ —-— - alba... ‘ eal ca (i - +9 Brunsdonna sanderce. =)/=—)— - _ +o Brunsdonna ‘ganderce —-|-|- - - +2 Hippeastrum _ titan- Hippeastrum titan- cleonia........... Spee ie = = +o cleonia..,........ -|-|- - _ fe) Hippeastrum ossul- Hippeastrum ossul- tan-pyrrha........| — | — | — - +9 - tan-pyrrha........ ||) - +o = aes cota deeones- satokniiaa daones- zephyr... SS = +9 - zephyr. . ; tee i - +9 _ Hemanthus | ‘andro- Hemanthus- ‘andro- meda........... _ _ - |4+9=0 _ _ meda.. + _ - _ _ _ Hemanthus kénig al- Hemanthus kénig al- bert.............. ees | ce | eee - — Dertc xe reeriedee rats -|—-|/—-—| +9 = 23 Crinum isaac Gy Crinum hybridum j. By ersscreeeee| = (Ble | — sy | | Haein ees) 3 se ie Crinum kireape.. Ba as = [os — 2 - - Crinum kircape...... —-|/-|-|] +¢ — — Crinum powellii. . aad | Ocal Pica - —F- - Crinum powellii.....) — | — | — = +¢ = Nerine dainty maid. . Popo pte — s— +9 Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | ® a “= _ Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — a - +9 Nerine queen of roses| — | — | ® - - - Nerine giantess......| — | — | ~ |+9=o - -— Nerine giantess......| — | — | ® - - - Nerine abundance...} — | — | — - - +o Nerine abundance...| — | — | ® - - - Nerine glory of sarnia| — | — | — _ _ +o Nerine glory of sarnia] — | — | ® = = = Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus herrick...........] — | —] —]| +¢ - - herrick..........., — | #]— - _ = Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus AMEE ose ies vies lecaieness -|-{- +o - - dante. = |e | = = +9= - Narcissus poetaz tri- Narcissus. poetaz ‘th umph...........5) — = a _ +9 - umph.. x Ladd - _ _ = +o as Narcissus fiery cross.| — _ _ _- _ +9 Narcissus fiery cross.| — _ — — +c — Narcissus doubloon..}| — | — | — - — +9 Narcissus doubloon..| — | — | ® - - - Narcissus cresset....| + | — | — _ - - Narcissus cresset....) — | — | — - - +9 Narcissus will scarlet... — | — | — = +o - Narcissus will searlet.| — | — | — +9 — = Narcissus bicolor apri- Narcissus bicolor apri- cot.. ee ce +2 - - cot.. 3 -/|-|-—- - a +f Narcissus madame: ‘de ‘Narcissus: Tnadame de graaff............ -|j-|/- _ = +9 EAA siecius sis Se ess —-;}-|J- +9 _ = Narcissus pyramus...| — | — | — _ +9 - Narcissus pyramus...}| — | — | — _ +9 a Narcissus lord roberts| — = _ - - +o Narcissuslord roberts; — _ = +¢ = = Narcissus agnes har- Narcissus agnes har- vey. cdl CG Hoa ot — +9 GOR sce 045 PERE ER -—-|/-|-4+¢= - _ Narcissus j. t bennett Narcissus j. t. bennett poe . peite PSS [OR] sea am +9 - POC sce eieseeacse —-|-|- - +o _ Lilium marhan...... rail eo Pie = _ - Lilium marhan...... —|+]- _ - _ Lilium dalhansoni. . =| +h - - Lilium dalhansoni....| — | — | — +0 - - Lilium golden gleam . +)/—-|]- - - - Lilium golden gleam.| + | — | — = — = Lilium testaceum....| — | — |-— | +9 _ - Lilium testaceum....| — | — | — | +9 = a Lilium burbanki.....] — | — | — _ _ —-9 Lilium burbanki.....)] — | — | — _ - +9 Iris ismali........... —-|/-|j]—- +9 - _ Iris ismali..........) — | — | — |49= = = Tris dorak...........) — | -— |] — - +9 _ Tris dorak...........)| — | -— J] —- - +2 _ Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — | +9 - - Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — - _ +3 Tris pursind......... -|-|6 - _ - Iris pursind......... -|-|- = +3 Gladiolus colvillei....| + | — — - —- _ Gladiolus colvillei....| — _ a +9 = aa Tritonia crocosme- Tritonia crocosme- flora . -|-|j- +92 - - HOPS ise yxecgy ee -{-|-—- +9 -_ = Begonia m mrs. heal....| — | — | — +9 - - Begonia mrs. heal....) — | — | — | +9 _ = Begonia ensign...... = Wee eee fa - - Begonia ensign......| — | — | — | +9 -_ = Begonia julius.......) — | —|—| +9 a - Begonia julius....... —-|-|]-] 4+¢9 a a Begonia success...... -~|-]—- - +2 - Begonia success...... -—-/|/-|{—- = +9 ese Richardia mrs. roose- Richardia mrs. roose- Veltri een ty 3 ep | oe =e aes velt.. fee = ee TD — om a Musa hybrida.......} — | — | — = = +a Musa hybrida. djhea ae +])/—-]—- a = Phaius hybridus. .... —-|/—-|—|4+9e9=¢ - - Phaius hybridus..... —-|—-|]- 149 = = Miltonia bleuana....) — | — | — = +2 _ Miltonia bleuana....]| — | — | — +9 is Cymbidium eburneo- Cymbidium eburneo- lowianum......... =p = |) = _ _ +9= lowianum......... — f= |e _ fat -9=¢9 Calanthe veitchii....) + | — | — - - - Calanthe veitchii....} — | — | — +9 es et Calanthe bryan...... eye eel ah _ - Calanthe bryan...... —-|;-!|-| +¢ = = 4 2 2 18 10 14 3 2 7 17 12 9 330 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Tasie H.—Continued. TaBLe H.—Continued. Le} ALE ys 4g a ao} re | 3 o 6+ B Q 68le s a | 8 3 a 3 2 : aS 2 a 4 Hybrids. ei(aaiea| 3 é re Hybrids. aa\#ajae| 3 4 r © x © glo 5 g = o @8lo glo k >} 5 $ gajesgs) 2 | & | & pajesiea) 2 | 8 | & a |a Ia 4 | ra) a \a |e iS Hi 4 9. Nitric-acid reactions: 10. Sulphuric-acid reac- Brunsdonna sanderce tions: alba.. i > ee | a - +o Brunsdonna sanderce Brunsdonna sanderce SS So - - +o alba.. are +/—-—|- = ~_ Hippeastrum titan- Brunsdonna sanderce +/-|j- - ad - cleonia........... -|—-|-}4@=¢ - _ Hippeastrum titan- Hippeastrum ossul- cleonia . -—-|-|- - +9 — tan-pyrrha........ —j =| = _ +9 - Hippeastrum — ossul- Hippeastrum deones- tan-pyrrha.. +/-|- - _- - zephyr...........] — | -— | — - +9 - Hippeastrum dsones- Hemanthus andro- zephyr........... -/|+/- - - - meda.. Se et ee +9 - _ Hemanthus andro-| . Hemanthus konig al- meda............. —-|{/-|]-|]+¢9=¢ - bert... -|-|- +9 _ — Hemanthus konig al- Crinum hybridum | i bert.. —_{/oT- +9 - _ C. Des cae se ceccded —-{l+]-—- - - - Crinum hybridum j. Crinum kireape...... = | | +? - - Co Wiccnnens recess Sf) = - - +9 Crinum powellii.....} — | — | — - +7 - Crinum kircape..... Pe Ne et) eal a +2 - - Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | — + - - Crinum powellii.....) — | — | — - +o _ Nerine queen of roses| — | — | — |+9=c¢ - - Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | — +c = Nerine giantess......] — | — | — - - +o Nerine queen of roses|_— | — | — - +c _- Nerine abundance...| — | — | — = = +f Nerine giantess......| — | + | — = ors = Nerine glory of sarnia| — | — | — - - +c Nerine abundance...} + | — | — - - - Narcissus poeticus -Nerine glory of sarnia| — | — | — it - +9=c herrick .. 3 -|j-|- - +9=¢0 - Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poeticus herrick........... -|-|- _ +o _ dante. -|/-|)-7H?=¢0 - - Narcissus poeticus Narcissus poetaz ‘fit dante . maa’ +/-|- - - - umph.. Pee iene (eee (Baa - +c - Narcissus ’ poetaz ‘trie Narcissus ‘fiery ceosa = | a 7 - _ +9=¢ Uimph . .caccace oss me me | oe _ +o - Narcissus doubloon..| — | — | — +9 - - Narcissus fiery cross | — | — | — |+9=c¢ - _ Narcissus cresset....| — | — | — - +9 - Narcissus doubloon..| — | — | — 9 - _ Narcissus will scarlet.) — | — | — - +9 _ Narcissus cresset....] — | — | — - +9 - Narcissus bicolor apri- Narcissus will searlet.| + | — | — - - - CObe caiecly Sse cae -|r-][- - = -d Narcissus bicolor apri- Narcissus madame de CObs cece Asides oaks -|1@0 a a - graaff............ =|] =— = - +9 Narcissus madame de Narcissus pyramus...} — | — | — _ +92 - graaff............ +)-{- - - - Narcissus lord roberts see irae +9 - - Narcissus pyramus...| — | — | ® - - Narcissus agnes har- Narcissus lord roberts| + | — | — - _ - VOY siciicss se waa dis eo - +? - Narcissus agnes har- Narcissus j. t. bennett VOY euawwe ce isan 6s +7)-]- - - - POC: series saa he -—-|-{- - +9 - Narcissus j. t. bennett Lilium marhan......| — | — | ® - - - PO sneha sc ecss SS es | - +9 _ ‘Lilium dalhansoni...| — | — | ® - - - Lilium marhan...... -/|-|68 = _ —- Lilium golden gleam.| — | — | ® - - - Lilium dalhansoni....| — | — | ® - - — Lilium testaceum....| — | — | — = - +9=c0 Lilium golden gleam.| — | — | ® - - _ Lilium burbanki.....| — | — | — - - +9=¢ Lilium testaceum....| — | — | — |4+9=o¢ - - Iris ismali.......... -|j-|-|]+?9=¢ - - Lilium burbanki..... -—-|-]- | +¢é - es Tris dorak...........) — | — | — - +2? - Iris ismali..........| — | — | — |+9=o% - - Tris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | ® - - - Tris dorak...........] —~ | -— | — _ +9 mt Tris pursind......... -/|-|]- +¢o¢ - - Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | ® _ - = Gladiolus colvillei....{ + | — | — - - - Iris pursind......... -j+fi-—- - - _ Tritonia crocosmex- Gladiolus colvillei....} — | — | — - - +92 AOPB: s ewiascaaon = = - +2 _ Tritonia crocosms- Begonia mrs. heal....| + = a = - flora. -|-/108 _ - - Begonia ensign...... - - +9 - - Begonia m mars. 5. heal. . -|@ - - Begonia julius.......| + _ i - _ Richardia mrs. roose- Begonia success... +/-J]- - - - Velticces cas ue earns -|-168 = = - Richardia mrs. roose- Musa hybrida.......| — | — | — - - +c WElbeica dee ca bineaae -|- +9=c0 - - Phaius hybridus. .... -|-|8 = — = Musa hybrida.......] — | — - +o Miltonia bleuana....| — | — | ® _- - - Phaius hybridus..... = +9 - Cymbidium eburneo- Miltonia bleuana....| — | — | — as +9=c - lowianum......... -j;-|68 -_ - - Cymbidium eburneo- Calanthe veitchii....| + | — | — - — lowianum. . -|-|- - —- |+9=¢ Calanthe bryan...... -|-|-—| +¢ - a Calanthe veitchii . =— po, - +9 - Calanthe bryan..... . -|-|- +9 ad 7 4 1 4 15 14 12 10 | 3 | 12 9 9 4 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. 331 Taste H.—Continued. TasLe H.—Continued. ol) ra |G 5 ol A sla a g /RalR | 3 Pegs | 2 Hybrids. agiaaige| Z # Hybrids. geigaiga| 3 # a 2gigaje 5 g s 8 © 5 2 glo 5 a 3 3 gajgsiaqa) 2 “o E Gejg2ige) 2 i) B n |n |m is iq As nm |n | 3 a 4 11. Hydrochloric-acid 12. Potassium-hydroxide reactions: reactions—Cont’d: Brunsdonna sanderce Narcissus poetaz tri- ODA ia cise convient -—{|-|- - - +o umph............ -|-|- - +7 - Brunsdonna sandere.} — | — | — - - +o Lilium marhan......} — | — | ® - - - Hippeastrum titan- Lilium dalhansoni...| — | — | ® - - cleonia........... —-|-[- +9 - - Lilium golden gleam.| — | — | @ - — - Hippeastrum ossul- Lilium testaceum....| — | — | ® — — _ tan-pyrrha........| — | — | — - +o - Lilium burbanki.....| — | — | @® - - - ee deeones- Iris ismali...........] — | -— | — =- - +9 zephyr. . Z -—-|-|-/+9= _ - Tris dorak........... —}o-j- ~ _ —d' Hemanthus ‘andro- Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — =_ _ —Q9-=' meda.. = ee oe te _ - Iris pursind......... -|-|- - +d - Hemanthus Lonig al- Gladiolus colvillei....) — | — | — _ i +9 Dh icsnakenseuwas — p= | +2 - - Tritonia crocosmme- Crinum anal i AGTA oc daacaweures —-|—|- fe} = _ (at eee inant = | = ites +d - - Begonia mrs. heal....| — (>) - = _ Crinum kircape. itr ae ae) ee ae +2 - - Richardia mrs. roose- Crinum powellii. . —-~Pofl _ +o - velt.. ere ee ee ee ie +o ae Nerine dainty maid... ee I a ee - +9=c - Musa hybrida. be fuk Atk —-|-—|—-|4+¢9=¢ ns oe Nerine queen of roses| — | — | — - +9=¢ - Phaius hybridus. .... —!|-—-!|@ _ — ~~ Nerine giantess......) — | — | — - - +9=c Miltonia bleuana....| — | — | @ ~ _ oe Nerine abundance...} — | — | — - _ +9=¢ Cymbidium eburneo- Nerine glory of sarnia} — | — | — _ - +2 lowianum.. of —|—-{]@0@ — scat — Narcissus poetaz tri- Calanthe veitchii . —-;-|!-| +9 - - umph...........- -|-|- - +c - Calanthe bryan..... . +/—-—-|]-— - es _ Lilium marhan...... = |b @ = - - Lilium dalhansoni...| — | — | ® = = ari 2/1415 6 6 6 Lilium golden gleam.} — | — | ® - - _- . Lilium testaceum....| — | — | — +9 - - 13. Potassium-iodide re-' Lilium burbanki.....] — | — | — - - +9 actions: Tris ismali...........) — | — | — +o - - Brunsdonna sanderce Iris dorak........... —~1+]- _ - - alba.. -|-|- - = +9 Tris mrs. alan grey...) — | — | — - - +c Brunsdonna sanderaa. —-|j;-|j-—- - ca —9=d Tris pursind......... -|-|@8 _ _ - Hippeastrum titan- Gladiolus colvillei.. ee eee = _ +2 cleonia . -—-{j-|—-—|+¢9=¢ = tats Tritonia crocosme- Hippeastrum ‘ossul- flora. pur ca Nica 9 - tan-pyrrha.. re ~ +9 oat Begonia m mrs. 3. heal.. +) -|- _ > Hippeastrum desones- Richardia mrs. roose- zephyr. . oe -|-|- +9 = = VelOisaccananenaines rested al |B ame — - Hemanthus ‘andro- Musa hybrida.......) — | — | — +c - - meda.. +/—-|- i = = Phaius hybridus..... a fe | a - - Hemanthus kénig al- Miltonia bleuana....) — | — | ® - - - Bert ae cohangceave soe +)/-|[- = = = Cymbidium eburneo- Crinum hybridum j. lowianum......... = bom - - - ce.h.. neal =| Set oe - - +o Calanthe veitchii. ... - - - +9 Crinum kireape Licdeeatane -|-|- +9 _ = Calanthe bryan..... . —-;—-]- - +o _ Crinum powellii.....) — | — | — os +¢ son Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | — |+9=¢ — = 1 1| 7 10 6 10 Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — +9 - = Nerine giantess......| — | — | — +292 = a 12. Potassium-hydroxide Nerine abundance...}| — | + | — = = ake reactions: Nerine glory of sarnia} — | — | @® - = = Brunsdonna sanderce Narcissus poetaz tri- alba.. = he | = = mg umph............ —{=—]— - +o = Brunsdonna sander. =|— 1 @ - - - Lilium marhan...... -{|-|@0 _ as es Hippeastrum titan- Lilium dalhansoni....| — | — | ® - = os cleonia . . —-|-}f- - +c = Lilium golden gleam.| — | — | ® = 2 = Hippeastrum ossul- Lilium testaceum....} + |] — | — - Ee = tan-pyrtha.. Pom podto - +A - Lilium burbanki.....} — | — | — - st +9=¢9 Hippeastrum deeones- Tris ismali...........) -— | +] — - es = wephyr............ —-i|-|- +92 - - Tris dorak........... —}-j— = +o = Hemanthus andro- Iris mrs. alan grey...} — | — | — - — +h meda............. a Od (ee a = - Iris pursind......... -|-|@ - - = Hemanthus kénig al- Gladiolus colvillei....) -— | — | — - = +9 bert.. : t+l-|- - - - Tritonia crocosme- Crinum hybridum. j. MOP ois eden peeace -|jJ-|- +9 - -_ Cub aan esa caties —-{|+]- = - - Begonia mrs. heal....| + | — | — me os Crinum kircape...... coat Picanceh (era (Ms - - Musa hybrida.......| — | — | — — = +o Crinum powellii.....] — [ — | — = ee = Phaius hybridus. ... . -|/-|j-]4#e=e7) —- ae Nerine dainty maid. ./-—- | — | — - = +9=c Miltonia bleuana....] — | — | — = +9 a Nerine queen of roses.| — | — | ® = — _ Cymbidium eburneo- Nerine giantess......| — | — | ® = = - lowianum......... -|-|/oe _ = _ Nerine abundance...| — | — | ® = = io Nerine glory of sarnia| — | — | ® = = = 4/2/16 8 5 7 332 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. TasLe H.—Continued. TaBLe H.—Continued. fk ba a pee ee | q 2 258 4| 3 z (258 | 2 as] av ao) : 3 U0 i Hybrids. 8 $ : 3 . 5 a a % Hybrids. a a 3 a 3 F g 3 BB/BSlq8) § = E gajzalga) 8 c E a |a Ia a faa] pa an |m |D A ira] 4 14. Potassium-sulpho- 15. Potassium-sulphide cyanate reactions: reactions.—Cont'd: Brunsdonna sanderce Narcissus poetaz tri- alba.. ae —-|/-|- - - +9=¢ umph.. carnal) = | SS = +9=c = Brunsdonna sandere | — | — | — - - +Q2=¢ Lilium marhan...... =| =] o> = = Hippeastrum titan- Lilium dalhansoni...| — | — | ® - - - cleonia........... -/|/-|-—|/]49= 9] —- = Lilium golden gleam.| — | + | — — = = Hippeastrum ossul- Lilium testaceum....| + | — | — - - - tan-pyrrha........] — | — | — - +9 - Lilium burbanki.....} — | — | — - _ +9=¢c Hippeastrum dzones- Iris ismali. —-j/—-|]-|]4+¢9=¢0 _ _ zephyr... —-|/-|-|/]449=a} - - Iris dorak.. ‘ es let - | - - Hemanthus ‘andro- Iris mrs. alan prey a fe | ee _ - +9=¢ meda.. +{/—-]— — _ Iris pursind......... +/-|- - - - Hemanthus konig al- Gladiolus colvillei....| — | — | — - - +9=d7 bert.. +/-]— - - a Tritonia crocosme- Crinum hybridum | A POS oy ecranteducn — | oe | +o — - c.h.. eee dean pee Pm _ - +2 Begonia mrs. heal....] + | — | — rt - = Crinum kircape ieseetrand -—-|-|- +o - _ Musa hybrida....... eta (eed (as ~ - + Crinum powellii.....) — | ~~ | — —- .|| +¢ ~ Phaius hybridus. .... =| eS] - - +9=¢ Nerine dainty maid. .| — | — | — — +9 oe Miltonia bleuana....}| — | — | — = +9 = Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — - +9 _ Cymbidium eburneo- Nerine giantess......) — | — | — +H _ _ lowianum........| — | — | ® - - - Nerine abundance...) — | — | — - - +o! Nerine glory of sarnia}] — | + | — - _ = 6 2 8 5 4 z Narcissus poetaz tri- UMP gece sieicsa| = | — | = - +o - Lilium marhan...... ® = o = Lilium dalhansoni....} — | — aad so = Lilium golden gleam.| + | — sd = _ ne 16. Sodium-hydroxide Lilium testaceum....} — | — | — - +9 = reactions: Lilium burbanki.....) — | —|—| — —~ |49=@ | Brunsdonna sanderce Irisismali...........) —]|—|@] — = = alba... .....+.++.. Se aie fhe = +e Priadoraleiccn corel = | olf = = +o Brunsdonna sander.) — | — | — | — = Te Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — - - +o Hippeastrum titan- Iris pursind......... —-|-|@ - - = Cleonia.......... jee occ a +o = Gladiolus colvillei.....) —| —|—] — = +9 Hippeastrum ossul- Tritonia crocosmm- tap-pyitlitescsc ey || eos = = = flora. S| ed ede +9 = = Hippeastrum deones- Begonia n mrs. is, heal... Sih eee | +2 = = RepLYE Sie = ~ ~ M Sa Neos 2 ie = Hemanthus andro-— usa hybrida.. H +h meda a a = an _ Phaius hybridus.. eiieiitis Sl te = = == Hemanthus konig al- iltonia bleuana....) — | — | — -_ +2 = bert Shel ee || = = = sa ioc eburneo- Crinum patton j. owianum.........| — | — | ® a - - = = és: c.h..... nee? + _ _ Crinum kireape.. ube oe ee, |e +2 - - 4 3 7 6 5 7 Crinum powellii. . =) S| - +o - Nerine dainty maid.; call cad Wicca = +2 - 18. Sodium-salicylate Nerine queen of roses} — | — | — a +9 = reactions: Nerine giantess......| — | + | — - - - Brunsdonna sanderce Nerine abundance...| — | — | — - - +o alba... a -|-|;- +9 - - Nerine glory of sarnia| — | + | — - _ - Brunsdonna sanderce +)-|- - - - Narcissus poetaz tri- Hippeastrum titan- WHIPH... ck cease cea a a _ +o - cleonia............ -{/-|]- - - +9 Lilium marhan......} — | — | — _ - +9 Hippeastrum ossul- Lilium dalhansoni...| — | — | — +o - -— tan-pyrrha .......) — | — | — as oe fou Lilium golden gleam..| — | — | — i +o _ Hippeastrum dssones- Lilium testaceum..../ — | — | — +9 = _ zephyr............ -;|-|/- - - +2 Lilium burbanki.....] + | -— | — - - - Hemanthus andro- Tris ismali.......... ae el +9 - - meda.. Jolol- +9 - - Iris dorak.......... =o) 0 = +9 - -_ Hemanthus konig al- Iris mrs. alan grey. -|/—-|- _ - +3 bert.... 0... ee eae = = +o - = Iris pursind. . -|-|- - - +9 Crinum hybridum j. Gladiolus colvillei. . -|-{T- - - +9 Cher cise wie a =| =) = +c - _ Tritonia crocosme- Crinum kircape..... . - - - - +2 flora....... 2. eee -—-|-|- - +¢ = Crinum powellii.....) — | — | — +o = = Begonia mrs. heal....| — | — | — - +9 - Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | — +o = - Musa hybrida.......} — | — | — - - +o Nerine queen of roses | — | — | — a +o a Phaius hybridus..... — | oe foe +2 - - Nerine giantess......] — | + | — - = = Miltonia bleuana....| — | — | — - +9 = Nerine abundance...| — | + | — = ae -_ Cymbidium eburne- Nerine glory of sarnia| — | — | — - = +9 lowianum.......} — | — | — - —- |4+o=¢9 Narcissus poetaz tri- umph..........5 -{|-|!- - +h -_ 3/| 3) 3 8 6 9 304 SUMMARIES OF THE HISTOLOGIC CHARACTERS, ETC. Tas_e H.—Continued. . Taste H.—Continued. mo: [2h sh s yg {4 .ig ; 2 23/8 | 3 g \eas | & Hybrid gelegiggl 3 | g | x gdiagisz] 2 | «e | G ere e@kleglok E 3 o Hybrids. ® Blo glo & A 8 3 gajgejga) 2 eC) E gajd2iga) 38 E) 8 mn In |wn 4 q ra) nN in | 4 iss] I 20. Uranium-nitrate re- 21. Strontium - nitrate actions: reactions.—Cont’d: Brunsdonna sanderce Musa hybrida.......] — | — | — - - +2 ADB erence eatin ts el Ke aece | Ses = ore +o Phaius hybridus..... +/-|]- - - - Brunsdonna sanderce.} — | — | — = = +c Miltonia bleuana....| — | — | — - +9 = Hippeastrum titan- Cymbidium eburneo- cleonia...........] — | — | ® - - - lowianum......... = | — 4-8 - - - H. ossultan-pyrrha ..} + | — | — - - - — H. deones-zephyr ...| — | — | ® - - 5 0 2 12 8 5 Hemanthus andro- oe meda...........5. cae (i - ~ - 22. Cobalt-nitrate reac- H. kénig albert .....] + | — |] — - tions: Crinum hyb. j.c.h..} — | + | — = = - Brunsdonna sanderce Crinum kireape.....} — | — | — | +9 _ alba.............., —~]| — | - - - +o Crinum powellii.....] — | — | — _ +f = Brunsdonna sandere.| — | — | — _ -— |+9=¢ Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | — - +9 - Hippeastrum titan- : Nerine queen of roses | — | — |.— — +9 = cleonia............ -|@e@ - - - Nerine giantess......| — | +] — - - - H. ossultan-pyrrha ..| — | — | ® - - Nerine abundance...| — | — | — - - +o H. deones-zephyr ...| — | — | @® - - Nerine glory of sarnia | — | + | — = - _ Hemanthus andro- Narcissus p. triumph | — | — | — - +c - meda............-] — | —| @® =. -_ - Lilium marhan...... eee (ee | all) et - - H. kénog albert .....] + | — | — - - a Lilium dalhansoni...}] — | — | — +9 - - Crinum hyb. j.c.h..| — | + | — ot na = Lilium golden gleam | — | — | — = +2 - Crinum kireape..... et] -|- - - — Lilium testaceum....} — | — | — = +9 - Crinum powellii...... —-|-|- - +o = Lilium burbanki.....| — | — | — - - +9 Nerine dainty maid..| — | — | ® = - - Tris ismali...........] — | — | —- - +o - Nerine queen of roses} — | — | ® = = - Iris dorak.......... -|-|10 - - _ Nerine giantess......]| — | —| ® - = - Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | — | — - - +9 Nerine abundance...| — | — | @® - - - Iris pursind......... —-|-|]—-j+9=¢ = - Nerine glory of sarnia} — | — | ® = = - Gladiolus colvillei....] + | — | — - - - Narcissus p. triumph | — | — | — _- +9=c = Trit. crocosmeflora...| — | — | —| +o - - Lilium marham...... —-{|-|-| +a ss = Begonia mrs. heal....] — | — | — | +9 = - Lilium dalhansoni...) — {| —| —| +o = = Musa hybrida......., — | — | — _ ia +c Lilium golden gleam.; — | — | — - +9 - Phaius hybridus. .... =| =) = g - Lilium testaceum....) — | — | —| +o - = Miltonia bleuana....) — | — | — oa Hee = Lilium burbanki.....) — | — | — = - +9 Cymbidium eburneo- Tris ismali..........] — |] — | —- - - +9=¢0 lowianum......... =e i = = = +9=c Tris dorak.........-.]| — | -— | @® = = = —|— Iris mrs. alan grey...| — | +] — - - - 4] 3 3 7 8 i Iris pursind.........] # | — | — - - - =——|——| —— Gladiolus colvillei....| — | -— | ® - - - 21. Strontium-nitrate Trit. crocosmeflora...| — | + | — - - - reactions: Begonia mrs. heaJ....{ — | — | — +9 - _ Brunsdonna sanderce Musa hybrida.......)| — | -— | — - - +o alae o..se ee -|/-|-4e@9=¢ - - Length of cella. at 4 Labellum: Dag hoi esos sy Spe - ro - Length......... ePoflordo - +7 - Width of cells at Width.......... -|-{- +9 - - base....,....... -—-|[-|- - - +9 Color of outer sur- Lower epidermis: 4 face.. —{|/—]+ ~ - _ Shape of cells..... — ] _ ~_ — Color of inner sur- Thickness of walls... ~ | — | + - - - face of tube. . —-|/—-j]-]49=¢ - _- Length of cells at Color of inner sur- ADER pe cace cane ead nae Waa +9 = = face at tip of crest} — | — | — |+9=¢ - - Width of cells at Color of mark on apex..........- -j{-|-]+9=¢ - - anterior lobe....] —-— | — | — +9? - - Number of stomata ry Column: at apex.. - = - - = Length. .......... < -|- +o - - Length of cells. at Width.... -j- - - - middle......... ee a eo = +a = Main color of i inner Width of cells at 4 surface.,....... —-{+i- - - - middle......... ae lis - - - Color of specks on Number of stomata inner surface....] — | — | — J+9=c - - at middle....... fee (at _ - +c Color of outer sur- Length of cells at face. 26 wise -}-J-He=c] — - rae Se Sp see = - idt! of “cella at Total............35 2 4 5 22 2 0 ABO. o.6 iv icecerernrere == | = +? - - Number of stomata q at base.........] — |] — | — G=c - = Microscopic characters: Leaf, (t Root (transverse sec- ee ti aaa Bee: tion): eesce abe Average width of eae Depth of upper epi- velamen........ -|]-[- +2 oad - di ps ll) Sash nF tea = +o = Width of epidermal ermis.......... - Depth of aqueous cella. : = ~ = +9 ae tissue cells -Il-|[- - +o - Depth of epidermal Width of aqueou cells. . , Ses = +c - i of paueous tissue cells... ... +1-]- - - - Shape of epidermal Depth of midrib HT - - - - - Wat ee | oe +9=a] — as (i See Pe = +e Number of scler- b dl ae zy i ee em 2 = osed cells in cor- Di coe ae 11, Sree ‘ POKi aes, ee ve vans Se) St +a - - Beto ver Ole aTees eu eee ee = Thickness of walls basta aes a = Depth of lower. epi of these......... - —-| +d - Sod dermi =—jajal +e = as Depth of endoder- er etay pi sgieidiar es mal cells........] - | — | — |4+9=o¢ - - Between midrib and Width of endomeral margin: cells... f +/—-j- - - - Depth of upper Number of phlaem aie Son Gk ee RE —-|-!]-|]+?9=¢ — - patches. -i-|f- - - ep of upper Diameter of > largest sclerenchyma % Pisa -fi-]- +c - - ware Sperry, -~/-t- - - +9 eaf: i of upper Upper epidermis: sclerenchyma Shape of cells.....) — | — J] + - - - strands.,....... —-!+)]- - - =- Presence of crystall —- | — | + - - - Number of upper Thickness of walls.| — | — | + - - - sclerenchyma a of cells at a strands......... +1-—-]- - - _ Neate Siete Oe -j-|- = fo - Number of meso- Width of cells at phyll layers ..... -—-{|+i- - - - apex........... —~lrjr - +o - Depth of lower Length of cells at sclerenchyma middle...... wef | oe pa ad = - strands.........] — |] — | — - - +9 348 SUMMARIES OF PLANT CHARACTERS, ETC. TaBLe I.—Continued. Tas_e I.—Continued. * U * z iaaie | 3 E (adie | 3 o|2 - — ao O12 ¢ aelgalee| 3 3 ; aaigdaiae| 3 PE : ello atest @ 3 | ¢ wile cles! 8 s | ¢ palesies) £ | 8 | 5 eaeS|ea) 2 | 3 | & n |n in 4 [ss] 4 n jn |n a ise] =) Cymbidum eburneo- 4. Dendrobium cybele, 7 lowianum, micro- macroscopic char- scopic characters acters: —Continued: Root: Between midrid and Size and character margin — Con- of root system...) — {| — | + _ - - tinued: Stem: Width of lower Colotsnicee eased -|!-|- |t9=¢ = = sclerenchyma Amount of ridging strands......... -|- - - +9+=3 of internodes....| — | — | — |+9=+ - - Number of lower Length of inter- sclerenchyma nodes........... ed ee = = +a strands......... -—-|- +9 - - Diameter of nar- Depth of lower epi- rowest part of dermis.......... es +o - - internodes......| — | — | — +d - - Flower: Amount of swelling Dorsal sepal: at nodes........ —-|-|/|-| +¢ a a Upper epidermis: Diameter of nodal Shape of cells..... —|+ - - —- swelling........| — | +] — -_ - - Thickness of Leaf: walls........... —|+ _ - Length of petiole..| — | — | — = ~ +9 Length of cells... .. -|- - +9 - Width of petiole...| — | — | — +7 - — Width of cells... .. +i - - -_ - Length of lamina..}| — | — | — _ - +9 Lower epidermis: Width of lamina...} — | + - - - Length of cells... . -|— +9 - — Flower: Width of cells..... —-{— - _ - Time of flowering. .| — | — | — +o — _ Lateral petal: Length of pedicels . —|+ - - - Upper epidermis: Color of pedicels...) — | — | — ~_ +é6=¢ - Length of cells.... —-|{|—-—|4+9=¢0 - - Size of sepals......] — | — | + - - - Width of cells. .... - - +9 - Color of sepals....| — | — | — = +¢ - Lower epidermis: Size of petals...... —|+ - - _ Length of cells .... —-|j- +9 = - Color of petals.... -—|- - +o _ Width of cells..... -—-{— _ _ - Waviness of mar- Labellum: gin of petal.....) — | — | — |4+9=c _ _ Upper epidermis, Length of labellum.; — | — | — +9 _ anterior lobe: Width of labellum.}| — | — +9=0 - Shape of papille.. —!|-—|+9=¢ - _ Depth of labellum.} — | — | — |+9=¢ - _ Length of papila. . —|-|4+9=¢ - - Apex of Jabellum..} — | — | — |+9=c — — Color of papille. .. -—-|-|+9=¢ - - Smoothness of ex- Lower epidermis, terior tubular anterior lobe: part of labellum Length of cells.... -/]—- _ - +°¢ (apparent)...... +)-j- _ _ - Width of cells..... -{- - +a Color of exterior Upper epidermis, tubular part of lateral lobe: labellum (appar- Length of cells..... —-|—- - - +o 1) Sarre —-|4+]- - - - Width of cells..... -|- + - - Color of interior Shape of papille. . . —-|- |4+9=¢ - - tubular part of Length of papille.. -j- + _ _ labellum (appar- Color of papille... - _ - - BW Visas acaenee —;|j+i)-—- - ~_ _ Lower epidermis, Color of rim......} — | — | — - +o - lateral lobe: Color of apex...... -|/-|]- - +9=¢ _ Length of cells..... —-|—- +9 _ Color of concave’ Width of cells... .. -|/- _ +9 - face of column..| — | — | — |+9=o¢ - _ Inner epidermis, Color of anther case} — | — | — |[+9=c - - above band: Length of cells... . -|- - = +9 otal. stccises sis Guar 30 1 4 4 13 5 3 Width of cells... .. -|- = = +9 Epidermis above Dendrobium cybele, mi- crest: croscopic charac- Length of papil- ters: Vea ics serctcas end apace —-|- +o - - Root: Width of papilla... —|-|j4+9=¢ _ - Width of velamen..} — | — | — +9 - _ Column: Depth of epider- Inner epidermis at mal cells........ -|-|- - - +9 base: Width of epidermal Length of cells. ... —|- _ +2 - PMO. cx ecwnaxs —-{|j—- + - _ - Width of cells... .. -|—- - _ +o Width of cortex...) — | — | — - - +c Depth of endoder-| | Total 644x632 Keo 75 Ps 8 27 12 14 mal cells........] — | — | — - _- + SUMMARIES OF PLANT CHARACTERS, ETC. TasLe I.— Continued. TaBLe I.—Continued. 349 2 slo fie s 3 oars eled 3 re) + 7 : aeeaisel eg |g | g ag28i2s) ge | ge | g q a o o cy oO paesiga) 2 | & | & peeslge) 2 | B | & Hn |n | na q A n | IM iS Hi = Dendrobium cybele, mi- Dendrobium cybele, mi- ie oe croscopic charac-| ters—Continued: ters—Continued: Root—Continued: Leaf lamina — Con- Width of endoder- tinued: mal cells........{ — | -— | —- +9 - - Number of sunken| Diameter of vascu- epidermal cells at lar cylinder.....) — | — | — | +9 - - base..........0- ee = +o = Number of protoxy- Upper epidermis: lem patches.....) — 17 — | — |+9=o¢ _ _ Length of cells at Diameter of largest apex. ae ee oe = - +2 VOSRic ses a caanuey —-{j4+)]- - _ - Width of “cells. at BPeRSateasassas -|j-|- - = +a Stem, transverse sec- Number of sunken tion at 3d nodal cells at apex....| — | — | — - +o _ swelling: r Number of stomata) Character of tissue.} — | — | — |+9=0) — = at apex......... Pies) ees = +9 = Size of intercellular, srr Sy cells at +9 BPAces.......... -|-|-—- = pe et: || eae eage teen tates omen eed (eae ~ Fm Distribution of i casi ae bundles......... -|-|- - = ag fo an ee Meee ol ioc eee (ae ch = Amount of starch.{ — | — | — - +9=¢9 - Number of sunken Size of grains at cells at middle...| — | — | — - +3 -_ 3d internode...J — | — | — = +9 - Number of stomata Depth of cuticle...J —- | —] — |4+9=c| — - af middie. ered eo eae ae = +e _ Width of epidermal Lower epidermis: ~ Length of cells at cells. . —-|-|+¢ = = Depth of epidermal DASOs eae dgnes de = SS +c - — Width of cells at cells. . —/—-fJ— +o = = Shape at "‘hypoder- base............ = |= b= - - +o mal cells........ -|-|-]4+9@=+¢ - - Bingbes oF sunken Width of hypoder- cells at base.....} — | — | — = +o aa mal cells........ -|/-|- - +a - Bheerbes of ators ba Depth of hypoder- at base.........) — | -— J] — _ = +c mal cells........ — |) | _ +9 _ Leaf, transverse sec- one of intercellu- tion at midrib: ar space.. —-!4+)]-—- _ - = Depth of upper epi- Number of bundles| — + ]- - - - dermal cells Depth of bundles.) + | — | — - - - above midrib..... —| —|—]| +¢ - = Width of bundles.) — | — | — - - +9 Depth of ridges...) — | — | — - - +f Comparative Depth of cells form- widths of scler- ing ridges....... -—-|-|]- - - +9 aad and hy- Depth of lower epi- em —-/—-—|]- |4+e=¢ -_ - dermal cells.....| — | — | — = _ rat ig of Targest Depth of midrib +e vasa. —-|-|- +2 - - bundle. —-;j;-|]—- =- = +3 Width of. "midrib Leaf, lamina: Debits 5 5 ns o> ei ee a na +? Upper epidermis: Midrib between Thickness of cel] ae le Wallldjecec ois ee —-i-—-|- +9 - _- ne Length of cells at Bo ei ose Se iy ee iS fi +? ae —-/|-|- +9 — - repr Width of cells at dermal cells.....) ~ | ~ | — | +0 = = apex : UM ee [ees me a +9 Width of upper epi- Number of sunken dermal cells.....) — | — | — | +2 i os epidermal cells at} eeey oa epke +e=¢ APEX. 2... eee -|-/- - +9 - : ie evegey| (Py Sree = = = Length of cells at Width of lower epi- middle.......... a ee ed a Abs Ceaneleals sso) 4 || - +o Width of cells at Length of sunken UNddlaiewal oe ae ey Wie = = 419 epidermal cells...) — | — | — ~ - +9 Number of sunken Leaf, petiole: ee cells at i Lower epidermis near middle.......... SS ie _ fot eal lamina: Length of cells at Length of cells....) — | — | — - +1 a, cue a a +9 - - Width of cells..... -—-|-|- - aa +9=¢ idth, of “cells. at Number of sunken DASE: sie se bies as = PAP | = = = COMB 54. cessive ats —-|/-|-|j+@=e - = 350 SUMMARIES OF PLANT CHARACTERS, ETC. Taste I.—Continued. Tasiz I.—Continued. a |4 .|4 } SO [hf 3 a fg, 3 see .| 2 24/2 a/o 3 5 nm S| m & 2 3 ’ eal oS ae 3 at a ala aa + a o klo = ok FI 8 & © Elo Are: a 3 & Balg2iga) = e} E dalgeies) $ fe) E a lo |a a es) a a la a A} ie 4 Dendrobium cybele, mi- Miltonia bleuana, mac- eroscopic charac- roscopic charac- ters—Continued: ters—Continued: At base: Leaf: Length of cells.... Lengins vccdaw des Width of cells..... Width............ -|]— Number of sunken Color scisieae ca tvs cells............ * Number of leaves Upper epidermis near in one growth... lamina: Flower: Length of cells.... + : Length of flower i Width of cells... .. +l-i- a — - Stalks issn ven -|-|{- - +9=o0 Number of hairs...| — | — | — = +9 - Length of medical. -i|—|— - - At base: Sepals: Length of cells....| ~ | — | — | +8 _ - Shape............ —-|-|-|49=¢ - = Width of cells... .. ae) |e = _ - Color é —|+e]-— - - - Number of hairs..| — | — | — = +9 - Length of dorsal. . +/-];—-— - _ - Average length of Width of dorsal... +)/-J]-—- - - — hairs. . es Series || Se - - +o Length of lateral... -| tI] Q]— - _ a Flower, lateral sepal: Width of lateral...] — | — | + _- me = Upper epidermis: Petals: Length of cella....} — | — | — i - +a Shape............ —-|-—-|-—l]+9=¢0 = = Width of cells.....| — | — | — = - +a Length........... ee - ms - Lower epidermis: Width..co.s0 sks] ce | = | = —_ Length of cells....]| — | — | — +9 - - Color of base...... +) -]—- = a Width of cells..... = eo = - +9 Color of apical ?...| — | +] — - ~~ - Lateral petal: Labellum: Upper epidermis: Length........... —}4+]—-— - = - Length of cells....] — | — | — = - +c Width............ -—-|+)]- -_ = = Width of cells.....] — | — | — = - +d Length of cleft in Lower epidermis: comparison with Length of cells....} + | — | — - - length of label- Width of cells.....| — | — | — = = +9 MR: ectenansieae hie -};—-|]—- +9 - - Labellum: Angle betweenlobes} — | — | — +9 - - Outer surface: Length of apex....| — | — | — |+9=¢ - - Length of cells....] — | — | —| +¢ - - Color at base...... -;/-|- - +o a Width of cells. .... = 7 = +92 - - Color of rest of la- Number of hairs...| — | — | — | +2 - - bellum.......... -;|+/- - = = Length of hairs....| — | — | — +9 - - Column: Color. . F —-|—-|—-|4+9=c7) - - Length........... +)—|]—- = = = Inner surface: Width............ -—-};-!]- |4+9=¢ - Length of hairs....| — | — |— +c - - Number of hairs... | — + - - Total.. 29 8! 6] 1 9 4 Color. . -_ — |+9=c - sae epidermis of a Length of bairs....|— | —|—| +9 zi — | Miltonia bleuana, micro- Number of hairs...] — | — | + a = = scopic charwaters: Color of chromo- Paeudobulb: lasts . ef = +9=¢0 = A : U Pp Thickness of cell pper epidermis at BAL S.canosid se -{|-/4] —- = apex: Length of cells....| — | — | — = +9 = ane Ae pe = 4 mal cells. ae -|- +o - Width of cells. .... —-|—-!|-—} +? - - Width of epidermal : pidermal! Length of hairs....| — | — | — +d - - wz Number of hairs -—L-jo +a -_ = Gelisies ee a ao = oe Color of red violet] | Pseudobulb, trans. Chay fe -_ 4+0=¢ = verse section: BAD ons scorecks sacs = = Length of epider- mal cells........ -|—-{- +9 - Total... scaciewes 97 3 6 3 34 19 32 Depth of epidermal cells... é =) =) = +o - Thickness ‘of outer 5. Miltonia bleuana, WANE. ceca ene -—-|-|- +9 _ macroscopic char- Length of bundles.| — | — | — +o =- acters: Width of bundles..| — | — | — |+9=oc¢ - Pseudobulb: Leaf: Length........... =f=)= a +9 = Upper epidermis: Width............/ —] —]—- a +2 = Shape of cells.....] — | — | + - - Thickness.........} $+] — | — = = - Presence of crystal.| - | — | + - _ SUMMARIES OF PLANT CHARACTERS, ETC. Tas_e I.—Continued. Tase I.—Continued. 351 ao) a. 5 ao] a | o e egie | a lege | 2 g¢iggled| % ; agjagleg] 3 # : eflegiesi £ | 2 | 3 eflegies| — | 2 | # eaesjag) 2 | S| & paesiee) 2) B | § a ln (a p>} fd 4 a la |a Ra} ss 5 Miltonia bleuana, mi- Miltonia bleuana, mi- croscopic charac- croscopic charac- ters— Continued: ters— Continued: Leaf—Continued: Leaf—Continued: Length of cells at At first main vein: APEX iced ieee —-|-|—- _ - +9= Shape of upper epi- Width of cells at dermal cells.....)| — | — | + - - - apex. -j-|- - 49+e} - Depth of upper epi- Number ‘of hairs at dermal cells.....) — | + | — - - - ADOR ie ibuiie yes -{j-/- - - +o Width of upper epi- Length of cells at dermal cells.....) — | — | — +a - - middle.......... -|-|- - - +9 Depth of cells of Width of cells at first layerof upper| middle.......... -J-]- _- +o - aqueous tissue...) — | — | — - - 9 Length of cells at Width of cells of RBG. ges cs va ce es —-{j-|/-—- - - +9 first layer of upper Width of cells at aqueous tissue...| — | — | — - = 9 base..........0. -|-j- +9 - - Depth of bundle...) — | — | — +2 - - Number of hairs at Width of bundle...) + | — | —| +¢ ~ = base............ —-|}-|- - - +c Depth of cells of Lower epidermis: lower aqueous Shape of cells.....)} — | — | +) — - - tissue........... -|-|- - -9 - Length of cells at Width of cells of ADCS. iaduwe vied -!|!-|]- +¢ - _ lower aqueous Width of cells at tissue.......... saci (ices + +2 - Char. oa -—-j;-|—- +9 - oo Depth of lower epi- Number of stomata, dermal cells.....} — | — | — ad = +6 at apex......... -—tjole- - - +o Width of lower epi- Length of cells at dermal cells.....) — | — | — - - +a middle.......... -{[-|- - +9=9 - Width of cells at Flower, dorsal sepal: middle.......... — fol — +2 - - Upper epidermis: Number of stomata Length of cells....)} — | — | — al - +a at middle.......)} — | — | — - -_ +o Width of cells. .... omc “ascsicth Wadia = - +o Length of cells at Papille........... -|-|j;-|4+9=¢ - - base............ -|-/|- - - +o Length of hairs....| —| — | — | +9 - - Width of cells at Number of hairs...) — | — | — _ +o - base... -i-|- +2? - - Color............) — | Fl — - - - Number of stomata Lower epidermis: at base......... —-j|]—-|-|j+t?9=0 - - Shape of cells.....]| — | — | + - - - Length of cells....) — | — | — +c - - Leaf, transverse sec- Width of cells.....) — |] —| —| +o¢ -_ - tion at midrib: Number of stomata] + | — | — - - = Thickness of leaf...) — | — | — +o - - Lateral petal: Angle between Upper epidermis: halves of lamina.| — | — | — |+9=c} — - Shape of cells...... some pb - - - Depth of upper epi- Length of cells....} — | — | — ~ on +o dermis......... —-{|-|- - +9 - Width of cells .....] — | — | — +c - - Width of upper epi- Length of hairs....| — | — | — - +o — dermis.......... —-{-]- - +2 - Number of hairs...J| — | + ] — - - - Depth of first layer Color............., — | #]=— - = * of aqueous tissue Lower epidermis: beneath upper Length of cells....) — | — | — +9 - - epidermis. . —-i+)- _ - - Width of cells. .... -/|-|-|}+9=¢ _ - Depth of middle Number of stomata} — | — | — _- _ bundle.......... -!-;]—-—| +9 - - Labellum: Width of middle Upper epidermis at bundle.......... -J-|- +c - - base: Depth of cells of Shape of cells.....} — | — | — +9 — — lower aqueous Length of cells....)] — | — | — - - +9 tissue........... ae (eae ad - |4+9= Width of cells... .. -|-j-|- - +o Width of cells of Number of hairs...) — | — | — - +o _- lower aqueous|— Length of hairs....] — | — | — - +o - tissue . : = oad - +2 Length of papille..| —|— |—| +¢@ -