AUTHOR’S WDIION.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SURVEY.
F. V. HAYDEN, U. S. Geologist-in-Charge.

eeNNOTATEHD LIst

OF THK

BIRDS OF MICHIGAN.

BY

Dr. MORRIS GIBBS.

EXTRACTED FROM THE BULLETIN OF THE SURVEY, VOL. V, No. 3.

Wasuineron, November 30, 1379.

Article XXIV.—Annotated List of the Birds of
Michigan.

By Dr. Morris Gibbs.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.

KALAMAZOO, MICHIGAN, October 1, 1879.

Srr: In compliance with your invitation of June 25, 1879, I have the honor to trans-
mit herewith an “Annotated List of the Birds of Michigan.”

This catalogue includes, with few exceptions, those species only which are well
established as occurring in this State; among them being many of rare or casual
appearance, or never before catalogued as birds of Michigan, the evidence of the cap-
ture of which in the State is presented. Although not to beregarded as complete, the
list nevertheless gives upward of 300 species, among them being some sixty not here-
tofore accredited to Michigan. .

This State has unfortunately received less attention from ornithologists than the
interest which attaches io its peculiar avifauna would seem to invite; there being but
few lists, and no systematic work, devoted to the subject. The State Geological Report,
1839, is said to contain a synopsis of Michigan birds by Dr. A. Sager; and alist of 212
species was published in 1853 by Mr. Charles Fox. The State Geological Report for 1860

‘ contains a list of Michigan birds by Dr. M. Miles, giving 203 species and varieties.
Mr. A. H. Boies’s list, published in 1875, and containing 211 species, only professes to
represent the ornithology of the southern part of the lower peninsula. Mr. Adolphe
B. Covert’s list of 1878, with 244 species, likewise relates only to the birds of the lower
peninsula, and omits some species now well ascertained to occur. Mr. W. H. Hughes
has also published an annotated list in the ‘ Valley Naturalist” of Saint Louis, Mo.,
No. 3, 1878, and subsequent issues of that paper.

This catalogue is mainly the result of my own observations, but I am indebted to
others, in addition to the above-named sources of information, for many valuable facts;
and I take pleasure in acknowledging such obligation to the Hon. D. Darwin Hughes,
and C. W. Gunn, esq., of Grand Rapids; to Jerome Trombly, esq., of Petersburg; and
to Dr. H. A. Atkins, ot Locke.

Special attention is paid in this list to the local distribution of the species within the
State, to their migrations, and breeding. The data given in these regards rest upon
accurate and reliable observations.

Hoping that this contribution to our knowledge of the avifauna of Michigan may
meet with your approval,

Iam, Sir, &c.,
MORRIS GIBBS.

Dr. ELiiott Covss, U. S. A.,

Secretary U. S. Geological Surrey,
Washington, D. C.
481

482 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [V0l.¥.

TURDIDA,

TURDUS MIGRATORIUS. Robin.—Very abundant; found in all parts
f the State; breeds; winter resident some seasons.

TURDUS MUSTELINUS. Wood Thrush.—Very abundant in spring’ and
ummer; breeds.

TURDUS PALLASI. Hermit Thrush Common in some localities; eggs
ecured May, 1879, in 43° N. Lat.

TURDUS SWAINSONI. Olive-backed Thrush—Abundant summer so-
yurner; found breeding from 42° to 44° N. Lat.

TURDUS FUSCESCENS. Wilson’s Thrush.Common summer resident;
reeds.

MIMUS POLYGLOTTUS. Mocking-bird.—Accidental visitor.

MIMUS CAROLINENSIS. Cat-bird.—Very abundant summer resident;
reeds in nearly all parts of the lower peninsula.

HARPORHYNCHUS RUFUS. Brown Thrush.—Very common summer
esident; breeds in all half-cleared populated localities in the lower

eninsula.
SAXICOLIDA.

SIALIA STALIS. Eastern Bluebird.—A bundant from March to Novem-
er; breeds.

SYLVIID.

REGULUS CALENDULA. Ruby-crowned Kinglet—Abundant in spring
nd fall.

REGULUS SATRAPA. Grolden-crowned Kinglet.—Very common during
he spring and fall migrations; “summer resident ; breeds ”—according
o Mr. A. H. Boies’s “Catalogue of the Birds ascertained to occur in
iouthern Michigan,” 1875.

POLIOPTILA C@RULEA. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher—Summer resident;
reeds plentifully south of 44° N. Lat.

PARID A.

LOPHOPHANES BICOLOR. Tufted Titmouse——Accidental visitor.
PARUS ATRICAPILLUS. Black-capped Chickadee.—Very common resi-
ent; breeds.
‘ PARUS CAROLINENSIS. Not rare some seasons in the southern part
f the State.
: SITTID A.

SITTA CAROLINENSIS. White-bellied Nuthatch—Common resident;
reeds.
SITTA CANADENSIS. Red-bellied Nuthatch—Common resident; breeds.

CERTHIID &.

~CERTHIA FAMILIARIS. Brown Creeper—Resident; breeds.

No. 3.] GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 483

* TROGLODYTID 4.

(HRYOTHORUS LUDOVICIANUS. Carolina Wren.—Rare summer resi-
at.

(IRYOTHORUS BEWICKI. Bewich’s Wren.—Rare; only a few taken
spring.

[ROGLODYTES DOMESTICA (Bartr.). House Wren.—Abundant sum-
x resident; breeds.

ANORTHURA TROGLODYTES HYEMALIS. .Winter Wren.—Very com-
m in spring, summer, and fall; occasionally taken in winter; breeds.
TELMATODYTES PALUSTRIS. Long-billed Marsh Wren.—Commonsum
© sojourner; breeds.

OISTOTHORUS STELLARIS. Short-billed Marsh Wren.—Summer resi-

nt; not rare; breeds.
ALAUDIDA.

EREMOPHILA ALPESTRIS. Horned Lark.—Resident; breeds abun-

nily.
MOTACILLID. :

ANTHUS LUDOVICIANUS. Tit Lark.—Common; transient.

SYLVICOLID 2.

MNIOTILTA VARIA. Black and White Creeper.—Common summer resi-
nt; breeds.

PARULA AMERICANA. Blue Yellow-backed Warbler—Summer resi-
ot; common in spring and fall.

PROTONOTARIA CITRAA. Prothonotary Warbler.—Rare straggler.
HELMITHERUS VERMIVORUS. Worm-eating Warbler—“ Breeds,”
cording to Mr. A. H. Boies’s “ Catalogue of the Birds ascertained to
eur in Southern Michigan,” 1875.

HELMINTHOPHAGA PINOS. Blue-winged Yellow Warbler—Summer
journer.

HELMINTHOPHAGA CHRYSOPTERA. Blue Golden-winged Warbler.—
ymmon summer resident; breeds.

HELMINTHOPHAGA RUFICAPILLA. Nashville Warbler—Summer so-
urner; breeds. ms
HELMINTHOPHAGA CELATA. Orange-crowned Warbler—Transient ;
re. . ,

HELMINTHOPHAGA PEREGRINA. Tennessee Warbler.—Transient;
mmon.

HELMINTHOPHAGA LEUCOBRONCHIALIS. White-throated Warbler.—
ae specimen, taken by Mr. W. A. Gunn, May, 1879, in Lat. 43° N. [*]
“* Type of H. gunnii, Gibbs, Daily Democrat (newspaper of Grand Rapids, Mich.), of
no 1, 1879. (See Purdic, Bull. Nuttall Club, iv, July, 1879, p. 185; and a ‘‘Note on
2 Helminthophaga gunnii Gibbs,” by R. Ridgway, tom. cit., pp. 233, 234. Mr,
irdie’s identification of the supposed new species was confirmed by Mr. Ridgway’s
amination of the type-specimen).—E. C.]

484 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Vol V.

? DENDRa@CA zsTIVA. Yellow Warbler—Summer sojourner; breeds
abundantly north to 44° Lat.

~ DENDR@CA VIRENS. Black-throated Green Warbler.—Abundant sum-
mer resident; breeds north of 43° in pine lands.

DENDR@CA CO&RULESCENS. Black-throated Blue Warbler.—Common
summer resident; one nest found June, 1878, 43° N., by Mr. C. W. Gunn.

DENDRECA CORULEA. Cerulean Warbler—Not rare; breeds south
of 42° N,

DENDRECA CORONATA. Yellow - rumped Warbler.— Exceedingly
abundant during the migrations; probably breeds, as it is frequently
taken during the summer months.

DENDR@CA BLACKBURNLE. Blackburnian Warbler.—Very common;
a few remain during summer ; breeds north of 43°.

DENDRGCA STRIATA. Black-poll Warbler—Common migrant.

DENDRECA CASTANEA.—Bay-breasted Warbler.—Transient ; common
in fall.

DENDR@CA PENNSYLVANICA. Chestnut-sided Warbler. Ap nesttiely
abundant summer resident; breeds plentifully north to 43°.

DENDRGCA MACULOSA. Black and Yellow Warbler.—Very abun-
dant migrant; occasionally taken in summer.

DENDRG&CA DISCOLOR. Prairie Warbler—Common migrant; se-
cured one set of eggs May, 1879, in Lat. 43° N.

DENDR@CA DOMINICA ALBILORA. White-browed Warbler.—Not rare;
breeds south of Lat. 42°. :

DENDRGCA KIRTLANDI. Kirtland’s Warbler.—Rare straggler.

DENDRECA PALMARUM. Yellow Red-poll Warbler—Common mi-
grant.

DENDRHCA PINGS. Pine Warbler. —Abundant summer sojourner ;
breeds north to 43°,

PERISSOGLOSSA TIGRINA. Cape May Warbler.—Transient; common
some seasons.

SIURUS AURICAPILLUS. Golden-crowned Thrush.—Common summer
resident ; breeds. : ;

Srurvus Navius. Water Thrush—Not a rare summer sojourner ;
breeds. ;

- §SIURUS MOTACILLA. Large-billed Water Thrnsh.—Exceedingly abun-
dant south of Lat. 43°; breeds.

OPORORNIS AGILIS. Connecticut Wavtiten— Several specimens taken
in May, 1879.

OPORORNIS FORMOSUS. Kentucky Warbler.—Rare; one taken in the
spring of 1872.

GEOTHLYPIS TRICHAS. Maryland Yellow - throat— Very abundant
from May to September ; breeds plentifully south of Lat. 430,

GEOTHLYPIS PHILADELPHIA. Mourning Warbler.—Quite a common
summer sojourner in certain localities; breeds in Lat. 43°; edge of pinery.

No. 3.) GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 485

(6 Iorerta virENs. Long-tailed Chat—Rare accidental visitor; found
breeding twice by Mr. Jerome Trombley in 42° Lat.
) ¢. Myroprocres mirratus. Hooded Flycatcher.—One of our most com-
- mon Warblers; breeds plentifully south of 43° Lat.
MYIODIOCTES PUSILLUS. Green Black-capped Flycatcher—Common
migrant.
MYIODIOCTES CANADENSIS. Canadian Flycatcher—Abundant sum-
mer resident ; breeds.
SETOPHAGA RUTICILLA. Redstart. — Exceedingly abundant from
April to September; breeds plentifully.

TANAGRID A.

©” PYRANGA RUBRA. Scarlet Tanager —Very common summer resident;
breeds.
PYRANGA ZSTIVA. Summer Red-bird.—Rare accidental visitor; taken
once in Lat. 43°,
HIRUNDINIDZ,

<- ¥ HIrRuNDO HORREORUM. Barn Swallow.—Abundant summer resi-

dent; breeds. :
( -~ TRIDOPROCNE BICOLOR. White-bellied Swallow.—Abundant from
March to September; breeds in both peninsulas.
(- PETROCHELIDON LUNIFRONS. Cliff Swallow.—Common summer so-
journer ; breeds.
7.) COTYLE RIPARIA. Bank Swallow—Abundant summer resident;
breeds in nearly all parts of the State.
rf / STELGIDOPTERYX SERRIPENNIS. Rough-winged Swallow.—Common
summer sojourner; breeds.
- PRogne purpurea. Purple Martin —Abundant from April to Sep-
tember; breeds in populated districts.

Lowe
‘a

AMPELID.

'” AMPELIS GARRULUS. Bohemian Waxwing.—Irregular winter visi-
tant.

7 ., AMPELIS CEDRORUM. Cedar Bird—Abundant resident; breeds.

VIREONID2.

7. VIREO OLIVACEUS. Red-eyed Vireo.—Very common summer resident;
breeds.

©, VIREO PHILADELPHICUS. Brotherly-love Vireo.—Rare migrant.

.. VIREO GILVUS. Warbling Vireo. Common summer sojourner; breeds.

° ee VIREO FLAVIFRONS. Yellow-throated Vireo.— Abundant summer res-
ident; breeds.

'7./ MIREO SOLITARIUS. Blue-headed Vireo—Common; transient.

v ~ VIREO NOVEBORACENSIS. White-eyed Vireo—Scarce summer so-
journer; breeds.

486 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Vol V.
4
LANITDA.

LANIUS BOREALIS. Great Northern Shrike—Winter resident; has
been found breeding.

LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS. Loggerhead Shrike-—Typical species. Rare;
breeds.

LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS EXCUBITORIDES. White-rwmped Shrike.—
Abundant from March to October; breeds.

FRINGILLID A. :

HESPERIPHONA VESPERTINA. Evening Grosbeak.—Common winter
resident some years; remained in Kalamazoo County, in Lat. 42° a N.,
from November 20, 1878, to May 6, 1879.

PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR. Pine ‘Grosbeak —Irregular winter visitant.

CARPODACUS PURPUREUS., Purple Finch.— Abundant; probably
breeds; occasionally taken in winter.

CURVIROSTRA LEUCOPTERA. White-winged Cross-bill.—Common
some winters; irregular migrant.

CURVIROSTRA AMERICANA. ted or Common Cross-bill. —Migrant ;
very common some seasons; breeds.

AEGIOTHUS LINARIA. Lesser Red-poll.—lIrregular winter visitant ;
common some seasons; sometimes remains till May.

AAGIOTHUS LINARIA HOLBOLLI. One specimen taken March, 1878.
in Lat. 42° 20’, determined by Mr. Ridgway to be this form.

ZEGIOTHUS EXILIPES. American Mealy Red-poll._—Rare winter visitant.

CHRYSOMITRIS PINUS. Pine Linnet.—Irregular winter visitant.

CHRYSOMITRIS TRISTIS. Yellow Bird.—A-bundant resident.

PLECTROPHANES NIVALIS. Snow Bunting.—Irregular winter visitant

PLECTROPHANES LAPPONICUS. Lapland Long-spur.—Generally <¢
transient visitor from the north; occasionally spends the winter soutl.
of 43°,

PASSERCULUS SAVANNA. Savannah Sparrow.—Migratory generally
some breed south of 43°, according to A. H. Boies.

POGCETES GRAMINEUS. Bay-winged Bunting—Common summe
sojourner; breeds.

COTURNICULUS PASSERINUS. Yellow-winged Sparrow.—Summer res
ident; breeds. :

AMMODROMUS CAUDACUTUS NELSONI. Sharp tailed Finch.—Rare
only two specimens observed, both taken by Mr. William Ely, October
1878, in Lat. 42° 20’ N.

MELOSPIZA LINCOLNI. Lincoln’s Finch.—Rather scarce; securec
two specimens, May, 1875, in Lat. 42° 20’ N.

MELOSPIZA PALUSTRIS. Swamp Sparrow.—Rather common summe'
resident.

MELOSPIZA MELODA. Song Sparrow.—Two varieties; very abundan
from March to November; breeds.

No. 3.] GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 487

JUNCO HYEMALIS. Black Snowbird.—Winter resident south of 43°;
immer resident in various parts of State; breeds plentifully in northern
wt of lower peninsula.

JUNCO OREGONUS. Oregon Snowbird.—Accidental visitor; rare.
SPIZELLA MONTICOLA. Tree Sparrow.—Winter resident; abundant.
SPIZELLA SOCIALIS. Chipping Sparrow.—Abundant from April to
ctober; breeds.

SPIZELLA PUSILLA. Field Sparrow.—Exceedingly common from
pril to October; breeds plentifully south of 43° N. Lat.
ZONOTRICHIA ALBICOLLIS. White-throated Sparrow.—Abundant mi-
cant. :

ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS. White-crowned Sparrow.—Transient ;
ymmon spring and autumn.

CHONDESTES GRAMMICA. Lark Finch—Common summer sojourner
: some localities; probably breeds, as it has been taken repeatedly
aring the breeding season in Van Buren County. ,
PASSER DOMESTICUS. English Sparrow.—Very abundant in many
’ our principal cities and villages; resident; breeds.

PASSERELLA ILIACA. Fox Spurrow.—Migrant; common spring and
itumn. .

EUSPIZA AMERICANA. Black-throated Bunting.—Very abundant sum-
er resident; breeds plentifully south of 43° N. Lat.

GONIAPHEA LUDOVICIANA. Rose-breasted Grosbeak.—Very abundant
ummer sojourner; breeds.

GONIAPHEA MELANOCEPHALA. Black-headed Grosbeak. Very rare.
CYANOSPIZA CYANEA. Indigo-bird.—Exceedingly abundant summer
ssident; breeds plentifully north to 439°.

CARDINALIS VIRGINIANUS. Cardinal Red-bird.—A few specimens
tken in southern part of State; accidental visitor.

PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS. Towhee Bunting —Abundant summer
yjourner; breeds; taken from February to November; one set of four
‘esh eggs secured August 10, 1879.

ICTERID.%.

DoLICHONYX ORYzZIVORUS. Bobolink—Very common summer resi-
ent; breeds.

MoLoruRvs ATER. Cowbird.—Abuudant from March to September;
reeds.

AGELAUS PHGINICEUS. Red-winged Blackbird. —Exceedingly abun-
ant during spring, summer, and autumn; breeds.

XANTHOCEPHALUS ICTEROCEPHALUS. Yellow-headed Blackbird.—
iecasionally taken in southwestern portion of the State; probably
reeds, as a great number do in Northwestern Indiana.

STURNELLA MAGNA. Jield Lark.—Abundant summer resident; oc-
asionally remains the entire season; breeds plentifully in nearly all
arts of lower peninsula, in meadows.

488 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Vl V.

STURNELLA MAGNA NEGLECTA.—Not a rare visitor in Lat. 43° N.
IcTERUS SPURIUS. Orchard Oriole—Common summer sojourner;
breeds plentifully south of Lat. 43° N.
ICTERUS BALTIMORE. Baltimore Oriole-—Resident in nearly all parts
of lower peninsula from May to August; breeds plentifully.
ScCOLECOPHAGUS FERRUGINEUS. Rusty Grackle—Transient; very
common during spring and autumn; probably breeds.
| QUISCALUS PURPUREUS &NEUS. Purple Grackle—Abundant sum-
mer sojourner; breeds in large numbers.

CORVID A.

CoRVUS CORAX. Raven.—Quite common previous to 1868; one taken
in 1873; has nearly disappeared since the advent of the crows.

CORVUS FRUGIVORUS (Bartr.). Crow.—Exceedingly common; breeds;
resident in some southern sections. Scarcely ever seen ten years ago.

CYANURUS cRISTATUS. Blue Jay— Abundant resident in all parts
of the State; breeds from April to July.

PERISOREUS CANADENSIS. Canada Jay.—Found in both peninsulas;
occasional winter visitant to southern boundary of State; found breeding.

TYRANNIDA.

TYRANNUS CAROLINENSIS. Cing-bird.—Abundant summer sojourner;
breeds plentifully in nearly the whole lower peninsula.

MYIARCHUS CRINITUS. Great-crested Flycatcher—A. generally dis-
tributed species; abundant in spring and summer; breeds.

SAYORNIS SAYUS. Say’s Flycatcher.—Named here ou the authority of
a single specimen captured at Grosse Isle, as given by Fox, in 1853.

SAYORNIS Fuscus. Pewee—Common summer resident; breeds.

CONTOPUS BOREALIS. Olive-sided Flycatcher—Not common, but
taken in all parts of the State; probably breeds, as numbers were seen
in August in Lat. 45° 20’, —

CONTOPUS VIRENS. Wood Pewee.—An abundant and generally dis-
tributed summer resident; breeds plentifully.

EMPpPImponax Acapicus. Small Green-crested Flycatcher.—Very abun-
dant in spring and summer; breeds south of Lat. 43° N. abundantly.

EMPIDONAX TRAILLI, Traill’s Flycatcher—Common summer resident
in some portions of lower peninsula; breeds.

EMPIDONAX MINIMUS. Least Flycatcher—Abundant from May to
September; breeds.

EMPIDONAX FLAVIVENTRIS. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. — Taken
throughout the lower peninsula; probably breeds; quite rare in some
localities; summer resident in Lat. 45° 20’ N.

No. 3.] GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 489
, CAPRIMULGID &.

/ > ANTROSTOMUS VOCIFERUS. Whippoorwill._Exceedingly abundant
summer resident; breeds plentifully south of Lat. 449,
, CHORDILES VIRGINIANUS. Night-hawk.—Very common from May to
September; breeds plentifully in lower peninsula.

CYPSELID 4.

-” CHATURA PELAGICA. Chimney Swift—Very abundant summer res-
ident; breeds.

TROCHILID&.

/¢ TROCHILUS COLUBRIS. Ruby-throated Humming-bird. — Abundant
from May 10 to September 20; breeds.

ALCEDINIDZ.

' CERYLE ALCYON. Belted Kingfisher.—Very abundant summer so-
journer; breeds.

CUCULIDZ.

’ (COCCYGUS ERYTHROPHTHALMUS. Black-billed Cuckoo. —Common
summer resident; breeds.
, COCCYGUS AMERICANUS. Yellow-billed Cuckoo.—Not a common sum-
mer resident; breeds.
PICIDA.

. HYLOTOMUS PILEATUS. Pileated, or Black Woodpecker.—Once com-
mon throughout the State; only found now in deep woods; breeds ?

/ Picus vitLosus. Hairy Woodpecker—Common resident; breeds.

‘2 PIcuUS PUBESCENS. Downy Woodpecker.—Common resident; breeds.

PicoipES aRcricus. Black-backed Woodpecker.—A specimen secured
by Mr. Jas. H. Dewing, Lat. 44° N.; rare.

« PICOIDES AMERICANUS. Banded Woodpecker.—Entered in this list
on the authority of A. B. Covert. ,

-.~ SPHYRAPICUS VARIUS. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker—Very abundant
in spring migration; some remain during summer. A. H. Boies gives
this species as a resident (Catalogue of the Birds:ascertained to occur in
Southern Michigan, 1875).

( CENTURUS CAROLINUS. Red-bellied Woodpecker.—Abundant resident;
breeds.

/ MELANERPES ERYTHROCEPHALUS. Red-headed Woodpecker.—Com-
mon summer resident; breeds; irregular winter resident.

_j;~ COLAPTES AURATUS. Golden-winged Woodpecker.—Common resident
in nearly all parts of lower peninsula; breeds plentifully.

490 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Vol.V.

STRIGIDA.

’ STRIX FLAMMEA AMERICANA. Barn Owl.—Rather rare resident.
BUBO VIRGINIANUS. Great Horned Owl—Common resident; breeds;
two varieties taken.
’ Scors asio. Screech. Owl.—Common resident; breeds.
_ OTUS VULGARIS WILSONIANUS. Long-eared Owl.—Common resident;
breeds.
BRACHYOTUS PALUSTRIS. Short-eared Owl.—Resident; breeds.
. SYRNIUM CINEREUM. Great Gray Owl._—Rather rare resident ; prob-
ably breeds. :
~ SYRNIUM NEBULOSUM. Barred Owl.—Very common resident; breeds.
NYCTEA NIVEA. Snowy Owl.—Rather common winter resident, south
to the southern boundary of the State; probably breeds.
SURNIA ULULA HUDSONTICA. Rare winter visitor.
re NYOTALE AcADICA. Acadian Owl.—Rather common in some local.
ities; breeds.

5

FALCONIDA.

4 CIRCUS CYANEUS HUDSONIUS. Marsh Harrier.—Abundant summet
resident; breeds. i
a Tormnta SUBCGERULEA (Bartr.). Mississippi Wite—Recorded on the
authority of a single specimen taken in Cass County ; preserved.
‘ ELANUS GLAUCUS (Bartr.). Black-shouldered Kite—A rare summet
resident, according to Dr. H. A. Atkins.
~ ELANoipes ForFicatus. Swallow-tailed Kite—Placed in the list of
Michigan birds by Hon. D. D. Hughes, Ornithology of Michigan, MSS.
ACCIPITER Fuscus. Sharp-shinned Hawk.—Common summer resi-
dent; breeds.
‘ ACCIPITER COOPERI. Cooper’s Hawk.—Very abundant summer resi-
dent; “breeds.
~ ASTUR ATRICAPILLUS. Goshawk.—Irregular visitant; more fre
quently taken in winter; more common in northern part of the State.
where it probably breeds.
FAaLco SACER. Jerfalcon—Said to have been taken in the State in
winter. ‘
FaLtco communis. Duck Hawk.—Irregular visitor; several taken.
FALco COLUMBARIUS. Pigeon Hawk.—Not a common species; breeds
FALCO SPARVERIUS. Sparrow Hawk.—Abundant summer resident;
a generally distributed species; breeds.
BuTEO BOREALIS. Red-tailed Buzzard—Very common from Marct
to November; resident some seasons; breeds plentifully.
BUTEO LINEATUS. ed-shouldered Buzzard.—Common summer so
journer; breeds; resident in some localities.
BUTEO SWAINSONI. Stwainson’s Buzzard.—Placed in this list on the
authority of a specimen taken in Genesee County, Lat. 43°, now in the
Flint Scientific Institute.

No. 3.] GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 491

BUTEO PENNSYLVANICUS. Broad-winged Buzzard.—Rather rare ;

breeds; I secured two eggs from a nest in May, 1875.

’/ ARCHIBUTEO LAGOPUS SANCTI-JOHANNIS.—Probably a resident;
more common in winter; breeds in Ingham County, according to Dr.

_ Atkins.

~ PANDION HALIAETUS. Osprey.—Summer resident; breeds.

'& AQUILA cHRYsAiiTUS. -Golden Eagle—Two authentic captures.

, ’ HALIAETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS. Bald Hagle—Not rare; breeds in
Wexford County, Lat. 40° N., according to Mr. James H. Dewing.

CATHARTID A.
' « CATHARTES AURA. Turkey Buzzard.—Once common; now quite rare-
COLUMBID&.

- , EOTOPISTES MACRURUS (Linn., 1758). Wild Pigeon—Exceedingly
common some seasons; irregular migrant; occasionally taken in win-
ter; breeds sparingly in all parts of the State; breeds in the northern
part of the lower peninsula from 44° to 45° 30’ in immense numbers each
season.

ZEN ZDURA CAROLINENSIS. Mourning Dove.—Exceedingly abundant.
in spring, summer, and autumn; breeds plentifully; occasionally remains.
during the winter months.

MELEAGRIDA.

// MELEAGRIS GALLOPAVO. Turkey.—Once a common resident in all
parts of the State; still common in some localities ; breeds.

TETRAONIDZA.

72 TETRAO CANADENSIS. Canada Grouse—Common near Mackinaw,

according to Hon. D. D. Hughes.
. CUPIDONIA CUPIDO. Prairie Hen—Common resident; breeds.

, BONASA UMBELLUS. Ruffled Grouse——Very common resident; breeds..
Specimens differ in the character of the tail-bands.

7,~ LAGOPUS ALBUS. Willow Ptarmigan—Taken in upper peninsula,
according to H. R. Schoolcraft, in 1834, near Saint Mary’s Straits; his-
torical sketches before Lyceum of New York City.

'¢ ORTYX VIRGINIANA. Quail—Common resident; breeds.

CHARADRID&.

: ¢? SQUATAROLA HELVETICA. Black-bellied Plover.—Migrant; not com-

mon.
y ¥ CHARADRIUS FULVUS VIRGINICUS.— Very abundant migrant.
74 ZBGIALITIS VOCIFERA. Killdeer Plover—Common from March to.

November ; breeds.
» @ ANGIALITIS SEMIPALMATA. Ring-neck.—Abundant migrant; summer

sojourner in Lat. 45° N,
Bull. v, 3——11

492 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Vol.V.

ZEGIALITIS MELODA. Piping Plover —Quite common in some portions
of the State; migrant.

HAMATOPODID A,
STREPSILAS INTERPRES. Turnstone—Migrant; not rare.
RECURVIROSTRID 4.

HIMANTOPUS NIGRICOLLIS. Stilt—Rare; transient.
PHALAROPIDA.

STEGANOPUS WILSONI. Wilson’s Phalarope-——Common during spring
migrations; a few remain during summer; breeds.
LOBIPES HYPERBOREvS. Northern Phalarope—Rare visitor.

SCOLOPACID A.

PHILOHELA MINOR. American Woodcock—Common from March to
November; a generally distributed species ; breeds.

GALLINAGO WILSONI. American Snipe-—Common during spring and
autumn; a few remain during summer; found breeding in Saint Joseph
County, 42°, by Mr. Eugene Beerstecher.

MAcRORHAMPHUS GRISEUS. ed-breasted Snipe.—Migrant; not rare
in spring.

MICROPALMA HIMANTOPUS. Stilt Sandpiper.—Not rare some seasons
near large bodies of water.

EREUNETES PUSILLUS. Semipalmated Sandpiper—Common migrant.

TRINGA MINUTILLA. Least Sandpiper.—Very common in spring and
autumn; some remain during summer; breeds.

TRINGA MACULATA. Grass Snipe-—Very common migrant.

TRINGABONAPARTI. White-rumped Sandpiper—Not common; sum-
mer sojourner in 45° 20/ N.

TRINGA ALPINA AMERICANA. Red-backed Sandpiper.—Migrant; not
common; a few taken in spring.

TRINGA SUBARQUATA. Ourlew Sandpiper.—Rare visitor; one taken
in 1870, according to Hon. D. D. Hughes, Ornithology of Michigan, MSS.

TRINGA CANUTUS. Red-breasted Sandpiper—Rare migrant.

CALIDRIS ARENARIA. Sanderling—Common on the shores of the
great lakes; migrant. .

Limosa FEDOA. Great Marbled Godwit.—Taken occasionally near De-
troit and along the edges of the great lakes; migrant.

LIMosA HAMASTICA. Hudsonian Godwit.—Two specimens secured.

TOTANUS SEMIPALMATUS. Willet.—Rare migrant; two specimens in
the collection of C. W. Gunn, Grand Rapids.

TOTANUS MELANOLEUCUS. Greater Yellow-shanks.— Common mi-
grant.

- TOTANUS FLAVIPES. Lesser Yellow-shanks.—Abundant migrant.

No. 3.) GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 493

+. TOTANUS SOLITARIUS. Solitary Tattler—Common; breeds; taken
from 42° to 45° 20’ N. Lat.; never gregarious.

--/ TRINGOIDES MACULARIUS. Spotted Sandpiper—Very abundant from
April to October; breeds plentifully south of 43°.

2J- ACTITURUS BARTRAMIUS. Field Plover.— Very common summer
resident; breeds.

. | TRYNGITES RUFESCENS. Buff-breasted Sandpiper—Rare migrant;
shot two September 17, 1875.

.'} NUMENIUS LONGIROSTRIS. Long-billed Curlew.—Not arare migrant.
~ NUMENIUS HUDSONICUS. Hudsonian Curlew.—Rare; only two taken
to my knowledge.

7 | NUMENIUS BOREALIS. Esquimaux Curlew.—One specimen, taken by
Benjamin Syke, Nov., 1879.

ARDEIDZ.

0 ARDEA HERODIAS. Great Blue Heron.—A generally distributed and
cominon summer resident; breeds in large colonies.

/ HERODIAS EGRETTA. White Heron.—Occasionally taken south of
Lat. 43° ; rare summer visitor.

-_ GARZETTA CANDIDISSIMA. Snowy Heron.—Summer sojourner ; prob-
ably breeds.

1 FLORIDA C@RULEA. Little Blue Heron.—Rare accidental visitor.
BUTORIDES VIRESCENS. Green Heron.—Common in spring and sum-

mer; breeds.

i~ NYCTIARDEA GRISEA NAvVIA.—Common summer resident in some
localities ; breeds.

& NYCTHERODIUS VIOLACEUS. Yellow-crowned Night Heron.—Rare
straggler.

7 BOTAURUS LENTIGINOSUS. Stake-driver—Common resident; breeds.

-g ARDETTA EXILIS. Least Bittern—Common summer sojourner ;

breeds.
GRUIDA.

JY GRUS AMERICANA. White or Whooping Crane.—Accidental visitor.
-'? GRUS CANADENSIS. Sandhill Crane —‘ Common summer resident” in
Monroe County, Lat. 42°, according to Mr. Jerome Trombley ; has been

found breeding.
RALLID 4.

“/} RALLUS CREPITANS. Clapper Rail.—Rare, accidental visitor.

... RALLUS ELEGANS. ing Rail—Not a rare summer sojourner; said
to breed.

4) RALLUS VIRGINIANUS. Virginia Rail_—Very common; a well-dis-
tributed species; breeds plentifully south of 439,

‘“/ PORZANA CAROLINA. Carolina Rail_—Very common from May to Sep-
tember; breeds.
_ PORZANA NOVEBORACENSIS. Yellow Rail_—Rather rare; occasion-

18 : : . 3

ally taken in spring; probably breeds.

494 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Tol V.

GALLINULA GALEATA. Florida Gallinule—Common summer resi-
dent; breeds.
/ FULICA AMERICANA. Coot.—Common summer sojourner; breeds.

ANATIDA.

. CYGNUS BUCCINATOR. Trumpeter Swan.—Entered, as a transient
visitor, on the authority of Mr. A. H. Boies’s “Catalogue of the Birds
ascertained to occur in Southern Michigan.”
‘ CYGNUS AMERICANUS. Whistling Swan.—Not rare during the migra-
tions; one remained during the summer in the vicinity of Long Lake,
in Lat, 42° 20/.
° ANSER ALBIFRONS GAMBELI. American White-fronted Goose.—Tran-
sient; rare.
ANSER HYPERBOREUS. Snow Goose.—Common migrant.
BRANTA BERNICLA. Brant Goose.—Common migrant.
BRANTA CANADENSIS. Canada Goose.-—Common in spring and
autumn; breeds.
-/ ANAS BOSCHAS. Mallard.—Exceedingly abundant summer resident;
breeds.
~ ANAS OBSCURA. Black Duck—Common in migration; a few are
said to remain during the breeding season.
DAFILA ACUTA. Pintail—Migrant; not rare.
J CHAULELASMUS STREPERUS. Gadwall.—Rare spring and autumn
visitor.
° MARECA AMERICANA. American Widgeon.—Common migrant.
“/NETTION CAROLINENSIS. Green-winged Teal—Common spring and
fall; a few breed.
6 QUERQUEDULA DISCoRS. Blue-winged Teal_—Common migrant.
; SPATULA CLYPEATA. Shoveller.—Not a rare migrant.
_ AIx sponsA. Wood Duck.—Very common summer resident; breeds
plentifully in certain localities.
FULIGULA MARILA. Big Black-head.—Common migrant.
-( FULIGULA AFFINIS. Little Black-head.—Transient ; our most com-
mon duck.
5“ FULIGULA COLLARIS. Ring-necked Duck.—Not a rare transient.
% FULIGULA FERINA AMERICANA. ed-head.—Not rare spring and
fall.
’ FULIGULA VALLISNERIA. Canvas-back.—Migrant; common on the
great lakes.
BUCEPHALA CLANGULA. Golden Hye——Common; transient.
' BUCEPHALA ALBEOLA. Buffle-head.—Exceedingly abundant spring
and fall; probably breeds.
HARELDA GLACIALIS. Long-tailed Duck.—Rather rare; transient.
CAMPTOLEMUS LABRADORIUS. Labrador, or Pied Duck.—One speci-
men taken at Delhi, Mich., April, 1872. (See “Forest and Stream,” vi,
May 4, 1876, p. 197.)

r

Wo. 3.| GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 495

~ SOMATERIA MOLLISSIMA (var.?), Hider Duck.—Occasionally seen on
Lake Superior.

CEDEMIA AMERICANA. American Black Scoter—Rare accidental vis:
itor.
- CHDEMIA FuscA. Velvet Scoter—Migrant; one taken.

HISTRIONICUS TORQUATUS. Harlequin Duck.—Given as a “winter
visitant to Lake Michigan,” on the authority of Dr. Velie, in Ridgway’s
“Catalogue of the Birds ascertained to occur in Illinois.”

ERISMATURA RUBIDA. Ruddy Duck.—Exceedingly common during
spring and fall.
| MERGUS MERGANSER. Goosander.—Common during the migrations ;
some pass the summer in the northern part of the lower peninsula,
according to C. W. Gunn.

MERGUS SERRATOR. Red-breasted Merganser.—Rather rare; transient.

MERGUS CUCULLATUS. Hooded Merganser —Abundant migrant.

SULID®.

SULA BASSANA. Common Gannet.—Occasionally taken on the great
lakes.
PELECANID #.

PELECANUS TRACHYRHYNCHUS. American White Pelican.—Two spec-
imens shot in St. Joseph County, and now in the collection of Mr.
Adolph Beerstecher.

GRACULIDA.

“ @GRACULUS CARBO. Common Cormorant.—An occasional visitor.
GRACULUS DILOPHUS. Double-crested Cormorant.—Migrant; common

at times.
LARID®.

‘| Larus euaucus. Ice Gull—Occasionally taken.
LARUS ARGENTATUS. Herring Gull.—_Very common migrant; prob-
ably breeds in northern peninsula.
LARUS MARINUS. Black-backed Gull._—* Winter visitanton Lake Mich-
igan” (Dr. Velie), Ridgway’s List of Birds of Mlinois, 1874.
| LARUS DELAWARENSIS. Ring-billed Gull—_Common migrant.
* LARUS TRIDACTYLUS. Kittiwake Gull.—Rare accidental visitor.
“ LARUS ATRICILLA. Laughing Gull_—Very abundant on the great
‘lakes; probably breeds in the northern peninsula.
¢ LARUS FRANKLINI. Franklin’s Rosy Gull.—Not rare on Lake Mich-
igan during winter and spring.
' LARUS PHILADELPHIA. Bonaparte’s Gull. Rather common during
spring; some remain during the summer months.
STERNA CASPIA. Caspian Tern.—Rare accidental visitor; occasion-
ally taken on Lake Michigan in winter.
* §TERNA REGIA. Royal Tern—Rare summer visitant; occasionally
taken on Lake Michigan during late spring.

496 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. [Vol.V.

/ STERNA ANGLICA. Marsh Tern.—Not a rare summer visitant to the
great lakes; common on shores of Lake Michigan some seasons.
"STERNA DIRUNDO. Wilson's Tern—Common migrant; probably
breeds.

STERNA FORSTERI Jorster’s Tern.—Summer sojourner.

‘ STERNA MACRURA. Arctic Tern—Not a common migrant.

/ STERNA PARADISZA. Roseate Tern.—Occasional visitor.
i SYERNA SUPERCILIARIS ANTILLARUM. Least Tern.—“A common
migrant” according to one authority; rather to be doubted.
( HyDROCHELIDON LARIFORMIS. Black or Short-tailed Tern.—Very
common in spring and summer; breeds.

COLYMBIDA.

/ COLYMBUS ToRQUATUS. Loon.—Exceedingly common spring, sum-
mer, and autumn; breeds plentifally; some remain during winter in
mild seasons. ;

+ COLYMBUS ARCTICUS. Black-throated Diver.—Occasionally taken on
Lake Michigan in early winter.

. COLYMBUS SEPTENTRIONALIS. ed-throated Diver—Very abundant
on our rivers during some winters; migrates north in April.

PODICIPID As.

‘/ PODICEPS GRISEIGENA HOLBOLLI. Red-necked Grebe.—Very rare ;
transient.

’ PODICEPS CORNUTUS. Horned Grebe.—Migrant; common in fall.

“ PoODILYMBUS PODICEPS. Carolina Grebe-—Common summer resident;

breeds.
ALCIDA.

|} UTAMANIA TORDA. Razor-billed Auk.—Irregular visitor to northern
peninsula.

( FRATERCULA ARCTICA. Common Puffin.—Rare straggler.

/ URIA GRYLLE. Black Guillemot—Not rare in northern peninsula
oceasional seasons.

a LOMVIA TROILE. Murre—Occasionally taken on Lake Superior.

List of Species liable to occur in Michigan.

1. Vireo belli. Bell’s Vireo. Common in Illinois.

2. Plectrophanes pictus. Painted Bunting. Taken in Tlinois.

3. Plectrophanes maccowni. Maccown’s Bunting. Taken in Illinois.

4, Ammodromus henslowi. Henslow’s Bunting. Summer sojourner in
Tilinois.

5. Spizella pallida. Clay-colored Sparrow. Summer sojourner in Il-
linois.

6. Pediccetes phasianellus. Sharp-tailed Grouse. Taken in Northern
Illinois.

No. 3.1 GIBBS ON THE BIRDS OF MICHIGAN. 497

7. Algialitis wilsonia. Wilson’s Plover. Taken in Ohio.

8. Phalaropus fulicarius. Red-bellied Phalarope. Taken in North-
ern Iinois.

9. Tringa bairdi. Baird’s Sandpiper. Transient in Mlinois.

10. Tringa maritima. Purple Sandpiper. Common on shores of Lake
Michigan in Illinois.

11. Recurvirostra americana. Avocet. Taken in Illinois and New
York.

2, MN m99992E ave

EsquimarnxCurtew: pPanciontAn—Wlincis.
White-headed Goose. Transient in Illinois. '
14. Podiceps auritus. Hared Grebe. Taken in winter in Illinois.

13. Anser cerulescens.