if 7 PR EEE (TH CORNELL LAB of ORNITHOLOGY LIBRARY at Sapsucker Woods > Illustration of Bank Swallow by Louis Agassiz Fuertes co iin 090 297 414 DATE DUE Cornell University The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924090297411 BULLETIN 100 1905 THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION OF THE COLORADO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE FLORA OF COLORADO BY P. A. RYDBERG, PuH.D. PUBLISHED BY THE EXPERIMENT STATION FORT COLLINS, COLORADO 1906 PRESS OF THe NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY LANCASTER, PA. THE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION FORT COLLINS, COLORADO THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE TERM EXPIRES Hon. P. F. SHARP, President .............44. DSTIVET sascucl keane axe 1907 Hon. HARLAN THOMAS .................4. Denve? wens etsceeaeee 1907 Hon. JAMES L. CHATFIELD ............... GYPSUM so5ehca deen 1909 Hone B:. U2 DYES sauiewcseas ag pucweneyedie exes ae Rocky Ford .......... 1909 Hon. B. F. ROCKAFELLOW ................ Canon City ........... IQII Hon. EUGENE H. GRUBB .................. Carbondale ........... IQII Hon. A. A. EDWARDS ....... 0.0.0... eee eee Fort Collins .......... 1913 Hon, R. We. CORWIN' wicca cscsiecanaee ciewwerens Pueblos sciendesiaay chaae 1913 GoverNor JESSE F. McDONALD, J Present BARTON O. AYLESWORTH, J °*-of¢72. A. M. HAWLEY, Secrerary EDGAR AVERY, TREASURER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE IN CHARGE P. F. SHARP, Cuarman. B. F. ROCKAFELLOW. A. A. EDWARDS STATION STAFF L. G. CARPENTER, M.S., Director...........0..2045 IRRIGATION ENGINEER CG. PB. GUELET TES MUS... n2canavescssins din 5 88 ie RUG Gatevewnees ENTOMOLOGIST W.B.. HEADDEN, AM.; PHD, tuciancaawpigise ances Qn amend oad CHEMIST "W. PADDOCK, MES. sisaicuiis sauna esdaacoses aaa HortTIcuLTurist Wi Li CARL YER, MS civ chdeiaviierersedeeg puns Sa-peamiingad wines AGRICULTURIST G. Hy GLOVER. BS; DiVeMs ns dskusthie slaw nbatooniee dimen VETERINARIAN WA. OLIN, ‘MES: sanecax ey tes cane deunds pe eesse dbase seeews AGRONOMIST R...E. TRIMBLE; BS. s esienccscaeee eres cas ASSISTANT IRRIGATION ENGINEER F€, ALFORD: (MSS. cise e hac 2.b5-ccdinian es eeeacbas eitestans ASSISTANT CHEMIST EARL ‘DOUGLASS, MIS. woaccedccasaamenonaa igen nee ASSISTANT CHEMIST S. ARTHUR JOHNSON, M.S. .................. ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST ‘BO. LONGVEAR, B'S). sacri ces oueswcgtinuioateceters ASSISTANT HorTICULTURIST Je Ay MeL BAN: ALB. BIS Ay ene in danseaguanuies oes ANIMAL HusBANDMAN E. B. HOUSE, B'S: 2scacancasens eseescaers ASSISTANT IRRIGATION ENGINEER Ay A. DANTEESON? iieiccis i decid aiiibeseine ee hbe a ASSISTANT AGRICULTURIST P. K. BLINN, B.S. .......... Fretp AGENT, ARKANSAS VALLEY, Rocky Forp E.R, BENNETT BIS: aieceadaaseeytametanenmmaes on Potato INVESTIGATIONS ‘WESTERN SLOPE FruIT INVESTIGATIONS, GRAND JUNCTION: ©. B. WHIPPLE, BiAy. csdusig eke orsecgeaenen FreLtp Horticulturist ESTES P) TAYLOR; B:Ss asssscagcecenewseuee Fretp ENTOMOLOGIST OFFICERS PresiventT BARTON O. AYLESWORTH, A.M., LL.D. L. G. CARPENTER, MLS. ...... cee cece nee eee eee renee naes DiRrEcTOR A. -M. HAWLEY. ccuccde cssweessesdaibww neg cece ea a neeiae sey oes SECRETARY MARGARET MURRAY ..... 1. cece ccc e ee eee STENOGRAPHER AND CLERK CONTENTS. PHE FACE pce a soos hahaa aipiicunasie dS Sas und aad shiuibhede pele aos Eo avchdeaiautaas Re ee ix Introduction 2 jc. saca pa. chanatceernc Ganz ones Qa helenae Paaaeates SMD Rena baw xi Key to: the Ord ets y.ccicg fccuse nis welaugadidids'esis anions! calowieinge e's sare outst eSateeage XVvil Subkingdom Pteridophyta........0.0.. 0c cece cece eee nc cee eee eenaneeee I Order 1. Ophioglossales ....... 0.0... cece cee ec cece eee eeneeeues I Family 1. Ophioglossaceae ........... 0.000 eceeeeeeeeee 1 Order 2s BiltCales i ..ccicex farsa Ramana ais als nal ws wuermahiegtal adh. Goa L A I Family 2. Polypodiaceae a... ds pcasadaescesxey 3 oseeeeneycaedes I Order 3; ‘Salvinriiales: asses 4s) cui oda contains akcecechiny § Ba Geared Rs 5 Family 3. Marsileacede. oui. isa necwn vas vedo cvvee nemwaw pee endennen 5 Order a, Hqtisetales: adc. oiccci5accacean wanda vacuule ome wae mune Bae anaes 5 Family: 4. Equisetaceae og: cca asdaduransssceoegeantuseenccisezceae 5 Order ‘5, Jsoetales® sas: seeccasoasnae seve ad o44e5soteeeoe sees 5 Family 5. Isoetaceae 22... ..0 00. cece cece cee cence eee etenenee 5 Order.6.. Lycopodialés cc ccaccnsscmaead va tends s mivwainwas saa lade 6 Family 6. Lycopodiaceae ...... 0... ccc ccc eee e cece ee eee crease 6 7: Selaginellaceae:o. adkcuaades ssledivexwsd whawERa ouaias Saved 6 Subkingdom Spermatophyta ......... 0... ccc eee cece cece cents eeesnes 9 Class 1. Gymmospermae .........0 00. c cc cece cee ee eet e ce ceeteeeneae 7 Onder 7: Binales: 2.4 /s 02 gd ae 4 thiihlaln cde de esa Wa eeuie MAN SHAG HOES 7 Family 8 Pinaceae 7 0: Juniperacede: a. ddaauew cies vane moles earn sige dean alse 9 Order’ 8: ‘Gnetales: is eas 22ccuyecear yy oeeress he bee tea eee eheees ee 10 Family 10. Ephedraceae .......... 0.0.0. ce cee cee cece ecseeeeeces IO Class 2, (ANGIOSpermae: 4). 60.22 sas anne wil C44 4 Sk aw ead Waders ae a RE II Subclass 1. Monocotyledones ............-.0 cece eee eee e eee ee eee II Order:o: Pandanalesijs.s0 3a. x aatede' es ala galen Wagowes ee ed aaa ealel Ir Family’ ar: Ty phiaceae: ay ve wincws-e iy oe ees as eagwesens eed ee saa xe a II T2 ISPALSANIACEAES: iicdice vile dais darads eemntedva daw Samwell aoaus II Order 16: .Naiadales 2. non mandi hte ced nie Or SaaS 12 Family 13. Zanichelliaceae c...c.06 6604 cee cena eed ened eG ese ein 12 TA; Naiadacede® wiacneed sudeaaece oanemarmucndd wx wie toes wists 13 Order Tt, AlismaléS sascxacaceunse sesege ssa eebeSesivannaecys Hae 13 Family 15. Scheuchseriaceae .......... 00.0 ee cee eee eee ee teens 14 16: ANSMACEAE: .paecee ace g Jesh nouns abe AES 14 Order 12,, Mydrocharitales® wa: caaosnvec epee oe suat as gee cee eg os ge 15 Family 17; .Elodiacede: acy eiramtscesevcearmegaeee sen eseas sage ae x 15 Order 13) Podles: esveccis deus eae geben ethene ae Dawes eee ake 5 Bamily 18x POACEAG: oss Sniipnrntcn tie sie. aensadenye aesuaecndley taplalpmavuna ges coos ae 15 TO; ‘Cy peraceae: « suwanaavwee nesesa pereeen eeey ovate s 57 Order tay Arales. @ os sscansikeunnieaesnules ediewawses eee eneae ye aie 74 Family 20. Araceae. .ccccscess ie cnsteassaaseasee rod s0esee basins 74 BT) SCTITTA COAG” spa egerasscqacs, Shatds 0 ceaSerauin cope vosueunasaeien Wen ae Sees 74 Order 16 MyridaleS~...c2cas-cc ina gaaenes cabs AMoNeaa Rie eRe Dea 75 Family 22. Commelinaceae ......... 0... c ec cee cece eee eee eee 75 23. Pontéderiacta@ snaze aesesce sds aos anuwe eri aegeesass OH 75 Order 16, Liliales sc. c.-cecce cicodas soe 5 ard Sopa eter oeya deus 76 Family 24; Melanthacéaé 2. c0c.c6 0. ces anie es sneer see desea 76 Be. JUNCaGeAe: (ace nea ch 4 cee oan ae eae aa a9. 26. Alliaceae ........ sui Daan ny Givi p aeabtesreuilatety ylstewis states 81 vi CONTENTS. BG” A TAC EA Ce sas, ald sand ok NN na ee LNA AR EOS 4 82 28: ‘Convallariaceae.-.c5 4.445 pinta depiplecs tw 8a Goesateciens eter ees 83 20; DD racaenaceaé: io. 6 ceca caake aes cana Fea aaa es 85 20, Calochortacede@: sy cciig.csdagelnal vars Seen Hedersain ees 85 - Prilliaeeaé: ky necancdcemrndataes sare avele etusaigaesee ks 86 Smilaceae ...... Go A heRpoDatatie OF SE ESEA TORRE AE Coa 86 Order 17. stan a ae ade pine aaee cushoucne sae oe voserdaenieeeet 86 Fatiitly’ 93 LRIACEA CG, v5 (2-oc-a.c teres Manners Ahm bod wd aR sear oeeasaNs teas enact 86 Order 18. (Orchidalés: «.cacccdneandidesaden cases ees aaeeeses wEee6 87 Bamily $4. (Orchidaceae: <2 b.60 avsigcinavionrsce iets Qua atenea'ss 8&7 Subelass::2.. Dicotyledones. 2220522454 onesosss adlaucios spareranens ons gI Order-‘t9:. Salicales: caved scvesd aero ase ese ane seen Leeann Yoee gI Bamily 35. Salieaceae- 2. dccayachacanusmaaiara sha? Ho ni weinaeka bie ee gI Order 20. Pagales: eis wnt ana Meilddalondnnd ss 44 kivmaniotalenae oes 06 Family: 36: Betulaceae: gicccicc a ceeuman wes garcons laielatdheternatay chose 06 BT SOL ACCAC oe 2 leis nnlaae nahi: wlvtie a ud asaeucinaev ae 97 38. Fagacéae: 2. uy vewiccesoadasehiesas He uRewee Ey eeeaes o7 Ordér 2r Urtical és: siey osc can ecalasneduk a tae canes Sx eed omnes OEM Ont 99 Paimily: 30. Uirticacede: 0.5.5 snnncoaijals pond ca teaeuniancenionnp dna aeanee 99 46; Cannabinaceae: ac.cv sawcsad saci tiacses daeanew ea canes 100 At. Whraacene?- cous: agiaiw aus veeaes aw atvsieaepiva ed gea's eee 100 Order 22. ‘Santalales:-. 2.254 sxasoeneeeeed Sea ds 54 weRedesse eens oe aed 100 Family 42. Loranthaceae: «sijewwn. aoe ne or several. Ovary, by abortion, 1-celled and 1-ovuled. Leaves with sheathing stipules (ocreex). Order 23. PoLyGonaLes. Leaves estipulate, or if stipules are present they are not sheathing. Trees or shrubs; ovary not seated in a hypanthium. Ulmacee in Order 21. URTICALEs. Herbs or vines. Stipules herbaceous: inflorescence spicate or racemose: leaf-blades palmately veined. Cannabinacee in Order 21. URTICALEsS. Stipules scarious or hyaline or none; inflorescence cy- mose: leaf-blades pinnately veined. Families in Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Ovary several-celled, or with several placente, several-ovuled. Stamens hypogynous, inserted under the gyncecium in the per- fect flowers, not on a disk in the pistillate flowers. Flowers perfect. Stamens not tetradynamous. Stamens 2; inflorescence spicate. Besseya in Order 44. PoLEMONIALES. Stamens 3-10; inflorescence cymose. ‘ Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Stamens tetradynamous. Brassicacee in Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Flowers monecious or dicecious. Euphorbiacee in Order 30. EUPHORBIALES. Stamens perigynous or epigynous, inserted on the margin of a hypanthium or a disk. Fruit a samara. Aceracee in Order 31. SAPINDALES. Fruit drupe-like or berry-like. Order 32. RHAMNALES. b. Ovary inferior. Flowers not in involucrate heads. Fruit a berry or a drupe, or nut-like. Stamens as many as the perianth-members and alternate with them, or fewer. : Tetragoniacee in Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Stamens as many as the perianth-members and opposite them, or twice as many. Families in Order 37. MyRTALEs. Fruit a capsule. Sepals as many as the ovary-cavities or one-half as many. Order 37. MyrtTALes. Sepals (4-5) at least twice as many as the ovary-cavities. Styles 2-3; leaves alternate. Saxifragacee in Order 27. ROSALES. Styles solitary; leaves opposite. Glaux in Order 40. PRIMULALES. ‘Flowers, at least the staminate, in involucrate heads. Ambrosiacee in Order 49. CARDUALES. B. Corolla present. I. Petals distinct, at least at the base. 1. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or united only at the base. Stamens at the base of the receptacle, i. ¢., hypogynous. xix 134 169 Ior 100 100 113 313 113 150 222 226 227 124 240 240 170 264 327 XX KEY TO THE ORDERS. Plants with relatively firm stems and leaves, not succulent. ; Order 25. RANALES. Plants with succulent stems and leaves. Crassulacee in Order 27. ROSALES. Stamens on the margin of a hypanthium (the hypanthium very small in some Saxifragacez). Order 27. RoSALEs. 2. Carpels several and united. a. Ovary superior. + Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. § Stamens numerous. Sepals imbricated. Calyx deciduous. Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Calyx persistent. Styles or stigmas distinct or united, but not discoid; land plants. Capparidacee in Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Styles or stigmas united into a disk; aquatic plants; petals and sepals numerous. Nymphezacee in Order 25. RANALES. Sepals valvate; stamens with united filaments. Order 33. MALVALES. §§ Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. Berberidacee in Order 25. RANALES. Anther-sacs opening by slits. Flowers monecious. Order 30. EUPHORBIALES. Flowers perfect. ; Portulacacee in Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more, sometimes twice as many. Stamens 6: petals 4: sepals 2 or 4. Families in Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Stamens, petals and sepals of the same number, or stamens more, usually twice as many as the sepals or petals. Ovary 1-celled. Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placente. Families in Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placente. Stamens with united filaments and no staminodia. Order 33. MALVALES. Stamens with distinct filaments. Staminodia present. Parnassiacee in Order 27. ROSALES. Staminodia wanting. Families in Order 34. HyPrricaLes. Ovary several-celled. Stamens adnate to the gynecium. Asclepiadacee in Order 43. ASCLEPIADALES. Stamens not adnate to the gynecium. Stamens with wholly or partly united filaments. Anthers opening lengthwise. Families in Order 28. GERANIALES. Anthers opening by pores. Order 29. PoLYGALALES. Stamens with distinct filaments. Anthers opening by pores. ' Families in Order 39. ERIcaes. Anthers opening by slits. Stigmas or styles distinct and cleft, or foliaceous, or united by pairs. Order 30. EupHorBIALES, Stigmas or styles all distinct or all united, neither cleft nor foliaceous. 134 169 169 148 168 147 229 148 221 +125 148 113 229 175 231 270 217 221 258 221 KEY TO THE ORDERS. Stamens 2. Order 41. OLEALES. Stamens more than z. Ovule solitary in each carpel. Styles distinct; ovule pendulous. Families in Order 28. GERANIALES. Styles united; ovule erect or ascending. Limnanthacee in Order 31. SAPINDALES. Ovules 2 or more in each carpel. Order 34. HyPERICALES. +4 Stamens inserted on the margin of a disk or hypanthium (peri- gynous or hypogynous). Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Styles and upper part of the ovaries distinct; ovules and seeds many. Saxifragacee in Order 27. ROSALES. Styles united, ovules and seeds solitary or z. Order 32. RHAMNALES. Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or more. Styles distinct; upper part of the ovaries distinct, at least at maturity. Saxifragacee in Order 27. RosALEs. Styles united. Hypanthium flat or obsolete: disk fleshy. Plants without secreting glands in the bark. Order 31. SAPINDALES. Plants with secreting glands in the bark. Rutaceez in Order 28. GERANIALES. Hypanthium cup-shaped or campanulate: disk obsolete or in- conspicuous. Order 37. MyRTALEs. b. Ovary inferior. Stamens numerous. Hypanthium not produced beyond the ovary. Ovary partly inferior. Hydrangiacee in Order 27. ROSALES. Ovary wholly inferior. Order 35. OPUNTIALES. Hypanthium produced beyond the ovary. Families in Order 37. MyRTALEs. Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals. Styles wanting; stigmas sessile. Gunneracee in Order 37. MyrTALes. Styles present. Styles distinct. Ovules several in each cavity of the ovary; fruit a capsule or a fleshy many-seeded berry. Fruit, if dehiscent, valvate. Families in Order 27. RosALes. Fruit circumscissile. Portulacacee in Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary; fruit a drupe or 2-5 more or less united achenes. Order 38. UMBELLALES. Styles united, or single. Plants without tendrils. Ovary enclosed in or surpassed by the hypanthium or ad- nate to it. Ovules solitary in each cavity of the ovary. Order 38. UMBELLALES. Ovules several in each cavity. Ovary with parietal placente. Loasacee in Order 35. OPUNTIALES. Ovary with central or basal placentz. Families in Order 37. MyrTALes. Ovary exceeding the hypanthium, the top free. Hydrangiacee in Order 27. ROSALES. 264 217 225 231 170 227 170 225 221 240 170 234 240 248 169 125 249 xxii KEY TO THE ORDERS. Plants with tendrils; fruit a pepo; leaf-blades palmately veined. Cucurbitacee in Order 47. CAMPANULALES. II. Petals more or less united. Ovary superior. Stamens free from the corolla. Gynecium of a single carpel. Families in Order 27. RoSALES. Gynecium of several united carpels. Filaments united. Stamens diadelphous. Fumariacee in Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Stamens monadelphous. Anther-sacs opening by slits. Oxalidacee in Order 28. GERANIALES. Anther-sacs opening by pores. Calyx and corolla very irregular. Order 29. POLYGALALES. Calyx and corolla regular. Families in Order 39. ErIcaLes. Filaments distinct. Families in Order 39. ERICALES. Stamens partially adnate to the corolla. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and opposite them, or twice as many or more; ovary 1-celled; placente central or basal. Order 40. PRIMULALES. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, or fewer. Corolla not scarious, veiny; fruit various, but not a pyxis. Carpels distinct, except sometimes at the apex. Order 43. ASCLEPIADALES. Carpels united. Ovary 1-celled, with central placente. Order 42. GENTIANALES. Ovary 2-3-celled, or falsely 4-celled, or if 1-celled with parietal placente. Order 44. PoLEMONIALES. Corolla scarious, veinless; fruit a pyxis. Order 45. PLANTAGINALES. Ovary inferior. Stamens with the filaments free from the corolla. Stamens 10; anther-sacs opening by terminal pores or chinks. Vacciniacee in Order 39. ERICALES. Stamens 5 or fewer; anther-sacs opening by longitudinal slits. Order 47. CAMPANULALES. Stamens adnate to the corolla. Ovary with 2—many fertile cavities and 2-many ovules; calyx un- modified, at least not a pappus. Plants tendril-bearing. Cucurbitacee in Order 47. CAMPANULALES. Plants not tendril-bearing. Ovules mostly on basal placente ; plants parasitic. ; Order 22. SANTALALES. Ovules variously borne, but not on a basal placenta; plants not parasitic. Order 46. RUBIALES. Ovary with one fertile cavity. Flowers not in heads, often in head-like spikes or racemes. Order 48. VALERIANALES, Flowers in involucrate heads. Order 49. CARDUALES. 325 169 149 220 221 258 258 261 269 264 29% 320 260 325 325 100 gar 326 327 FLORA OF COLORADO. Subkingdom PTERIDOPHYTA. Fern-worts. Order 1. OPHIOGLOSSALES. Family 1. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Presl. AppER’s-ToNnGUE FamILy. 1. BOTRYCHIUM Sw. Moonwort. Plant large, the sterile leaf ternately decompound, sessile at the middle of the stem. 1. B. virginianum. Plant small; the leaf under 5 cm. long. Leaf triangular, sessile near the top of the stem. z. B. lanceolatum. Leaf oval, slightly stalked from near the middle of the stem or lower. 3. B. Lunaria. 1. Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. Rich woods, N. S. to Labr., B. C. and Wash. to Texas and Fla—Arkansas Cafion (Brandegee). 2. Botrychium lanceolatum (S. G. Gmel.) Angs. In woods, N. J. and N. S. to Alaska and Wash.—“ Colorado.” 3. Botrychium Lunaria (L.) Sw. In open places, Newf. to Alaska and Utah: rare.—Alt. about 12,000 ft—Gray’s Peak. Order 2. FILICALES. Family 2. POLYPODIACEAE R. Br. Fern Famity. Sori round, or at least less than twice as long as broad. Sori naked. Leaves jointed to the rootstock, simply pinnate. I. PoLyPoDIUM. Leaves continuous with the rootstock, ternately compound. 2. PHEGOPTERIS. Sori covered with a membranous indusium when young. Indusium superior. Indusium circular fixed by the center. 3. PoLysTICcHUM. Indusium heart-shaped or reniform fixed by the sinus. 4. DryoprTeris. Indusium inferior or lateral. Indusium inferior, breaking at maturity into stellate lobes. 5. Woopsia, Indusium lateral, thrown back at maturity like a delicate hood. 6. FIuix. 1 1 2 POLY PODIACEAE. Sori linear or oblong, at least twice as long as broad. Sori marginal. Indusium present formed of the recurved leaf margin. Indusium double, the inner membranous one opening outwardly ; leaves large, scattered. 7. PTERIDIUM. Indusium single. Leaves dimorphous, the sporophyls contracted and more or less pod- like. 8. CryPTOGRAMMA. Leaves uniform or nearly so. Leaves chaffy or tomentose, the ultimate segments small and bead- like. 9. CHEILANTHES. Leaves smooth with dark polished stalks; segments broader. 10. PELLAEA. Indusium wanting; under surface (in the Colorado species) with white pow- der; rachises zigzag. 11. NoRTHOLAENA. Sori dorsal, oblique to the midribs or rachises, covered with a special in- dusium. Leaves pinnate or pinnately compound. Sori straight. 12. ASPLENIUM. Sori curved, often crossing the veins; indusia occasionally horseshoe- shaped. 13. ATHYRIUM. Leaves dichotomous, the divisions few and narrow; small rock-loving plants of the mountains. 14. BELVISIA. 1. POLYPODIUM L. Potypopy. 1. Polypodium hesperium Maxon. [P. vulgare of western botanists.] On rocks, Mont. to B. C., Wash., Colo. and Ariz—Alt. about 8500 ft—Red Moun- tain road, south of Ouray. 2. PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Brrcu-Fern. 1. Phegopteris Dryopteris (L.) Fee. In moist-rocky places; Newf. to Alaska, Ore., Colo. and Va.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Green Mountain Falls. 3. POLYSTICHUM Roth. Hotty-Fern. 1. Polystichum Lonchitis (L.) Roth. On rocks, Arctic America to N. S., Calif. and Colo. Alt. 8500-10,000 ft.—Ruby; Red Motntain road, south of Ouray; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 4. DRYOPTERIS Adans. MaLe-Fern, Woop-Fern. 1. Dryopteris Filix-mas (L.) Schott. On rocks, N. S. to northern Mich., Alaska, Calif., Ariz. and Colo.—Alt. 6000-8500 ft—Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Horsetooth Mountain; Cafion City; Rist Cafion. 5. WOODSIA R. Br. Teeth of young leaves coarse, not ciliate. Stalks and pinnules covered with minute flattened hairs. a. W. scopulina. Stalks and pinnules smooth. 2. W. oregana. Teeth of young leaves fine, ciliate at the tips. 3. W. mexicana. 1. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eaton. On exposed rocks, Mich. to B. C., Calif., Ariz. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—North Cheyenne Cafion; vicinity of Arthur’s Rock; Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; South Boulder Cafion. ‘ POLY PODIACEAE, BR z. Woodsia oregana D. C. Eaton. On exposed rocks, northern Mich. to B. C., Calif., Ariz. and Neb—Alt. 4o00-11,500 ft—Hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Cheyenne Cafion; Horsetooth Mountain; North Cheyenne Cajion; hills south of La Veta; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Alpine Tunnel. 3. Woodsia mexicana Fee. Foot-hills from Colo. and Ariz. to Mex.—Alt. 7500-9500 ft—Manitou; South Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Chey- enne Mountain; Ouray. 6. FILIX Adans. BLapper-FErn. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2—-3-pinnate. a. F. fragilis. Leaves broadly triangular, 3-4-pinnate. 2. F. montana. a. Filix fragilis (L.) Underw. [Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.] On moist rocks, Newf. and Labr. to Alaska, Calif., Ariz. and Ga.—Alt. 5000-13,000 ft.— Horsetooth Mountain; Crystal Creek; near Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Upper La Plata River; near Pagosa Peak; Cheyenne Cafion; Steam- boat Springs; Minnehaha; Sierra Blanca; gulch west of Bear River; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Lake City; Pike’s Peak; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Michigan; Leroux Creek; Howe’s Gulch; Silverton; Mount Garfield. 2. Filix montana (Lam.) Underw. On rocks, Lab. and Que. to B. C. and Colo—Alt. about 10,500 ft—Mt. Antero, Saguache Range. 7. PTERIDIUM Scopoli. Bracken. 1. Pteridium aquilinum pubescens Underw. [Pteris aquilina of western botanists.] On poor soil in open places, Mont. to Calif., Colo. and Ariz— Alt. 8500-10,000 ft—Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Bosworth’s ranch; Rabbit-Ear Range. 8 CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. Parsrey-Fern. Leaves 3-4-pinnatifid, densely cespitose; texture firm. 1. C. acrostichoides. Leaves 2-3-pinnatifid, scattered; texture flaccid. 2. C. Stelleri. 1. Cryptogramma acrostichoides R. Br. On loose rocks, Lake Superior to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 8500-11,500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Hes- perus; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; West Spanish Peak; Twin Lakes; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Clear Creek; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. z. Cryptogramma Stelleri (S. C. Gmel.) Prantl. [Pellaea gracilis Hook.] On moist rocks, Labr. and Pa. to Colo. and Alaska——Alt. 7500-9500 ft.— Cafions west of Ouray. 9. CHEILANTHES Sw. Lip-Fern. Leaves hairy or tomentose, not scaly. Stalks covered with woolly hairs when young, at length nearly smooth. a. C. Feet. Stalks and rachises with narrow lanceolate scales. 2. C. Eatoni. Leaves covered beneath with imbricated scales, not tomentose. 3. C. Fendleri. 4 POLY PODIACEAE. 1. Cheilanthes Feei Moore. [C. lanuginosa Nutt.] On dryish rocks, Ill. and Minn. to B. C., Ariz. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Trail Glen; Ute Pass; West Indian Creek; North Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Cafion City. z. Cheilanthes Eatoni Baker. On rocks, Ariz. to Colo. and Texas.—Alt. about 5800 ft—Arkansas Cafion. 3. Cheilanthes Fendleri Hook. On dry rocks, Texas to Colo. and Calif— Alt. 5000-8500 ft—Horsetooth Mountain; Cheyenne Cafion; Green Moun- tain Falls; Glen Eyrie; Boulder; Arkansas Cafion; Manitou. 1o, PELLAEA Link. Rock-Brake. Simply pinnate; texture thin; pinnae obtuse, narrower when fertile. 1. P. Breweri. Bi—tri-pinnate ; texture coriaceous. Pinnae obtuse or barely acute. z. P, atropurpurea. Pinnae mucronulate. 3. P. Wrightiana. 1. Pellaea Breweri D. C. Eaton. On rocks, Mont., Ore. and Calif.—Re- ported from Colorado, but exact locality not given. 2. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. On rocks, New England to B. C, southward to Ga., Texas and Ariz.—Alt. about 7500 ft—Box Cafion, Ouray. 3. Pellaea Wrightiana Hook. On rocks, Kans. to Texas and Calif—Cafion City. 11, NOTHOLAENA R. Br. Croax-Fern. 1. Notholaena Fendleri Kunze. On exposed rocks, Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. —Alt. 6000-9500 ft—Cheyenne Cafion, base of Pike’s Peak; Queen’s and William’s Cafions; Arkansas Cafion; Colorado Springs; Ute Pass; Clear Creek Cafion, at Dumont; South Cheyenne Cafion; between La Veta and Gardner; La Veta; Bergen Park. 12, ASPLENIUM L. SpiLeenwort. Leaves simply pinnate. Rachis chestnut brown or blackish. Pinnae 2-3 cm. long, auriculate on the upper side at base. 1. A. platyneuron. Pinnae 1 cm. long, obliquely oval, not auriculate at base. ‘ 2. A. Trichomanes. Rachis green; pinnae ovate-rhomboidal, oblique at base. 3. A. viride. Leaves bipinnate. 4. A. Andrewsii. 1, Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes. [A. ebeneum Aiton] On rocks, Me. to Fla., Tex., N. M. and Colo.—Green Horn Mountains (Greene). z. Asplenium Trichomanes L. On limestone rocks, quite generally east of the Rocky Mountains.—AlIt. 5000-7000 ft.—South Boulder Cafion; Horsetooth Mountain; Horsetooth Gulch. 3. Asplenium viride Huds. On rocks, N. Br. and Vt. to Alaska, Ore. and Wyo.—Reported from Colorado, but exact locality not given. 4. Asplenium Andrewsii A. Nelson. Sandstone cliff, in Colo—-Boulder Creek. 13. ATHYRIUM Roth. Lapy-Fern. 1, Athyrium Filix-foemina (L.) Roth. In moist, shady places, Newf. to B. C., Calif. and Fla—Alt. about 9000 ft—-Near Pagosa Peak; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. POLY PODIACEAE. 14. BELVISIA Mirb. 1. Belvisia septentrionalis (L.) Mirb. (Asplenium septentrionale Hoffm.) On rocks, S. D. to Mont. N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-6500 ft.—Horsetooth Mountain; South Boulder Cafion; Arkansas Cajfion. Order 3. SALVINIALES. Family 3. MARSILEACEAE R. Br. Marsitta Famiy. 1, MARSILEA L, i. Marsilea vestita Hook. & Grev. Wet, sandy soil, Ark. and Tex. to Calif., B. C. and S. D—Saguache (Wolf). Order 4. EQUISETALES. Family 4. EQUISETACEAE Michx. Horserait Famity. 1, EQUISETUM L. Horserait. Stems annual, copiously branching. Spike-bearing stems pale, soon withering; sheaths of branches 4-toothed. 1. E. arvense. Spike-bearing stems withering at apex, producing branches below; sheaths of branches 3-toothed. z. E. pratense. Stems perennial, evergreen; branches few. Stems smoothish, 14-30-furrowed. 3. E. laevigatum. Stems roughened, 5-10-furrowed. 4. E. variegatum. 1. Equisetum arvense L. In sandy places, Greenl. and Va. to Calif. and Alaska.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft——Fort Collins; Ouray; West Indian Creek; Mancos; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Hotchkiss. 2. Equisetum pratense Ehrh. Along streams, N. Sc. to N. J., Colo. and Neb.—Alt. up to 10,500 ft——Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus. 3. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. Moist places, N. J. to Tex., B. C. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-12,500 ft—Gunnison; Parlin; Ft. Collins; West Spanish Peak; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Trimble Springs; Mancos; Grand Junction. 4. Equisetum variegatum Schleich. In sandy soil, Arctic America to N. Y. and Nev.—Clear Creek, near Denver (Coulter). Order 5. ISOETALES. Family 5. ISOETACEAE Horan. QuvuiL_twort Fami_y. 1. ISOETES L. Quittwort. Stomata wanting; leaves 40-60, rigid; microspores whitish, papillose. 1. I. paupercula, Stomata present; leaves 5-25, soft; microspores deep brown, spinulose. 2. I. Bolanderi. 1. Isoetes paupercula (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton. [J. occidentalis Henderson, I. lacustris paupercula Engelm.] In lakes, always submerged; Colo. to Calif., Wash. and Ida.—Grand Lake, Middle Park. 6 ISOETACEAE. 2. Isoetes Bolanderi Engelm. In ponds, Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif. —“ Western Colorado.” Order 6. LYCOPODIALES. Spores uniform, minute. Family 6. LycopoDIAcEAE. Spores of two sorts, minute microspores and larger macrospores. Family 7. SELAGINELLACEAE. Family 6. LYCOPODIACEAE Michx. Ctusmoss Famity. 1. LYCOPODIUM L. Crus-Moss, RuNnNiNG PINE. 1. Lycopodium annotinum L. In open places in forest, Mass. and Newf. to Colo., Wash. and Alaska.—Alt. 9000-10,500 ft.—Beaver Creek; Estes Park; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Notch Mountain. Family 7. SELAGINELLACEAE Underw. SELAGINELLA FAmILy. 1. SELAGINELLA Beauv. Litre CLus-Moss. Stems rooting at base only; spikes thick, with lax bracts ; macrospores spinulose. 1. S. selaginoides. Stems rooting their entire length; bracts rigid. Leaves without bristles at the ends; stems slender, wiry. z. S. mutica. Leaves with distinct terminal bristles. Stems short, compact ; leaves light green, crowded, with long terminal bristles. 3. S. densa. Stems long, loosely spreading; leaves dark green, lax, with short terminal bristles. 4. S. Underwoodii. 1. Selaginella selaginoides (L.) Link. In open places in high mountains, Labr. and northern N. Y. to Alaska and Colo. Exact locality not given. 2. Selaginella mutica D. C. Eaton. On rocks, N. M. to Colo. and Calif. —Alt. 6000-6500 ft—Idaho Springs; South Cheyenne Cafion; North Chey- enne Cafion; Royal Gorge. 3. Selaginella densa Rydb. (S. Engelmanni Hieron.) On exposed rocks, S. D. and western Neb. to Mont. and Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft—The Rustic, Larimer Co. 4. Selaginella Underwoodii Hieron. (S. rupestris Fendleri Underw.) On exposed rocks, N. Mex. and Colo—Alt. 5000-7500 ft—North Cheyenne Cafion; Minnehaha; Pike’s Peak; South Cheyenne Cafion; Boulder; foot- hills near Ft. Collins; Manitou. Subkingdom SPERMATOPHYTA Seep-zEarinc Piants. Class 1. GYMNOSPERMAE. Order 7. PINALES. Carpellary scales with bracts, never peltate; ovules inverted; buds scaly; wing accompanying the seed a portion of the carpellary scale; cones dry. Fam. 8. PINACEAE. Carpellary scales without bracts, in ours fleshy and peltate; ovules erect; buds naked; wings of the seed (if present) a portion of the testa; cones in ours berrylike. Fam. 9. JUNIPERACEAE. Family 8. PINACEAE Lindl. Prve Famity. Leaves usually several together, surrounded by a sheath at the base: cones maturing the second year. Cone-scales with dorsal, (in ours) spine-armed appendages. Seeds with elongated wings, these free from the scales and attached to the seeds when these fall. a. PINUS. Seeds with rudimentary wings, these adnate to the scales when the seeds fall. z. CARYOPITYS. Cone-scales with inconspicuous terminal, unarmed appendages; wing of the seed rudimentary. 3. APINUS. Leaves solitary, without sheath; cones maturing the first year. Branchlets rough from the prominent, persistent leaf-bases (sterigmata) ; leaves in ours quadrangular in cross-section; cones pendulous with per- sistent scales. 4. PICEA. Branchlets smooth, the leaf-scars scarcely raised; leaves flat. Cones pendulous; their scales persistent on the axis; leaves petioled, with transversely oval scars. 5. PSEUDOTSUGA. Cones erect; their scales deciduous from the axis; leaves sessile with cir- cular scars. 6. ABIES. x. PINUS L. PIngs. Leaves in fascicles of 4 or 5; spines of the cone-scales long and slender. 1. P. aristata. Leaves in fascicles of 2 or 3; spines of the cone-scales short and stout. Cones 6-9 cm. long and 5-6 cm. in diameter; leaves 8-15 cm. long. z. P. scopulorum. Cones 3-5 cm. long and 3 cm. in diameter; leaves 3-6 cm. long. 3. P. Murrayana. x. Pinus aristata Engelm. Foxtart Pine, Hickory Pine. Rocky and gravelly mountains from Colo. to Nev., southern Calif. and Ariz.—Alt. 8500- 12,500 ft—Mt. Garfield; Seven Lakes;.Como; Veta Pass; Pike’s Peak; Mid- dle Park; Gray’s Peak. 2. Pinus scopulorum (Engelm.) Lemmon. Butt Pine, Rocky MouNnrtAIN Yettow Pine. Hills and mountains from Nebr. to Mont., Ariz. and N. M— 7 8 PINACEAE. Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Mountains, Veta Pass; Mancos; Ouray; Minnehaha; Georgetown; Horsetooth Mountain. 3. Pinus Murrayana Oreg. Com. Lopce Pore Pine, Biack PINE. Hills and mountains from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Mountains near Veta Pass; Pallas and Sydney; Dillon; Mount Ouray; Breckenridge; Cipango; Baxter’s ranch; North Park; Como. 2. CARYOPITYS Small. PiNons, Nut Pines. Cones about 3 cm.; leaves usually in pairs, seldom in threes. 1. C. edulis. Cones 4-5 cm.; leaves singly or rarely in pairs. z. C. monophylla. 1. Caryopitys edulis (Engelm.) Small. (Pinus edulis Engelm.) Dry foot- hills and table-lands from southern Wyo. to western Texas, northern Mex., Ariz. and Utah.—Alt. 4o00-g000° ft—Glen Eyrie; Cedar Creek; Red- Rock Cafion; Mancos; Salida; Florence; Manitou; Buena Vista; Grand Junction. 2, Caryopitys monophylla (Torr. and Frem.) Rydb. (Pinus monophylla Torr. and Frem.) Dry hills and mountain slopes from Utah to Calif., Lower California and Ariz. One specimen from Colorado seems to belong here.— Manitou. 3. APINUS Necker. Cempra PInNEs. s, Apinus flexilis (James) Rydb. (Pinus flexilis James) Rocky Moun- TAIN WHITE Pine. Mountains from Alb. to western Texas and southern Calif—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft—Clear Creek, Middle Park; Ojo; Graham’s Park; North Park; Minnehaha; Beaver Creek; Chambers Lake; Manitou. 4. PICEA Link. Spruces. Branchlets pubescent ; cones 3-5 cm. long. 1. P. Engelmannii. Branchlets glabrous; cones 5-9 cm. long. z. P. Parryana, 1. Picea Engelmanni (Parry): Engelm. ENGELMANN SprUCE, WHITE Spruce. Mountains, especially on the north sides, from Alb. to B. C., Ore., Ariz. and N. M.—AIt. 8500-12,500 ft—Empire; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Mount Baldy; Wahatoya Cafion; Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains; Grand Lake; Cameron Pass. 2. Picea Parryana (Andree) Sarg. (Picea pungens Engelm.) BLue Spruce, CoLorapo Spruce. Mountains especially along streams from Wyo. to Utah and N. M.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Empire; near Pagosa Peak; Crystal Park; Wahatoya Cafion; Cameron Pass. 5. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr. Douctas Spruce, Rep Fir. 1, Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Dovuctas Spruce, Rep Fr. Hills and mountains from Alb. to B. C., Calif., northern Mexico and western Texas. —Alt. 6060-11,500 ft—Pagosa Peak; South Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Como; State Bridge, Grand River; Boulder; Manitou; Minnehaha; Mancos; Placer; hills about Ouray; Cameron Pass; Pingree Hill; Stove Prairie. PINACEAE. 9 6. ABIES Miller. Bausams, Firs. Resin ducts of the leaves within the soft tissue, remote from the epidermis. 1. A. lasiocarpa. Resin ducts of the leaves close to the epidermis on the lower side. z. A. concolor. 1. Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. Batsam Fir. Subalpine mountains from Alb. to Alaska, Ariz. and N. M.—Alt. 9500-12,500 ft—West Spanish Peak; Grand Lakes; Empire; Andrew’s ranch; Mt. Richtofen; Cameron Pass. 2. Abies concolor Lind]. Wuuire Fir. Along streams in the mountains from Colo. to Ore., Calif. and N. M.—AlIt. 8000-10,000 ft—Wahatoya Cafion; Manitou; Veta Mountain; Bob Creek, west of La Plata; Ouray. Family 9. JUNIPERACEAE Horan. Juniper Famiry. Leaves subulate on the mature branches; aments axillary, the pistillate with smaller scales at the top. 1. JUNIPERUS. Leaves scalelike and appressed on the mature branches; aments terminal, the pistillate with larger scales at the top. 2. SABINA, 1s. JUNIPERUS L. Junrpers. Low shrub with depressed branches; leaves abruptly bent at the base, deeply channelled, abruptly acute. 1. J. sibirica. Tree or erect shrub; leaves straight or nearly so, shallowly channelled, gradually acuminate. 2. J. communis. 1. Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Mountain or Low Juniper. Exposed rocky mountains and hills from Labr. to Alaska, Utah and N. Y.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Pike’s Peak; Colorado Springs; Empire; Marshall Pass; Golden; Little Beaver; near Veta Pass; Bob Creek, west of La Plata Mountains; Ouray; Grand Lake; between Sunshine and Ward; Ojo; Beaver Creek; Baxter’s ranch; Trapper’s Lake; Rist Cajfion. z. Juniperus communis L. Juniper. Rocky hills and stony places from Lab. to Mont., N. M. and Ga.—Alt. 5000-8500 ft.—Minnehaha; Colorado Springs. z. SABINA Haller. Rep Cepars, SAVINS, JUNIPERS. Fruit reddish-brown or bluish by a bloom, with dry-fibrous sweet flesh. 1. S. utahensis. Fruit blue or blue-black, rarely copper-colored, with juicy resinous flesh. Trees or erect shrubs; fruit on straight peduncle. Leaves minutely denticulate at the apex; fruit 5-7 mm. in diameter, usually 1-seeded. 2. S. monosperma. Leaves entire; fruit 4-5 mm. in diameter, usually several-seeded. 3. S. scopulorum. Prostrate shrub; fruit on recurved peduncle. 4. S. prostrata. 1. Sabina utahensis (Engelm.) Rydb. (Juniperus californica ‘utahensis Engelm.) On dry mountain slopes and table-lands from western Colo. to Nev., southeastern Calif. and Ariz—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—State Bridge; Glen- wood Springs; Grand River Valley. 10 JUNIPERACEAE. z. Sabina monosperma (Engelm.) Rydb. (Juniperus occidentalis mono- sperma Engelm.) Dry foot-hills and mesas from Colo. to Utah, Ariz. N. M. and northern Mexico.—Alt. 5500-7500 ft—McCoy; Cedar Creek; La Veta; Mancos; Owl Cafion; Rustic. 3. Sabina scopulorum (Sarg.) Rydb. (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) _Rocxy Mountain Rep Cepar. On foot-hills and river bluffs from Alb. to B. C., Ore., Ariz. and Texas.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft——Colorado Springs; Golden; Garden of the Gods; Ouray; Durango; McCoy; State Bridge, Grand River; Kremmling; Eagle River, Walcott; Boulder; Manitou; New Castle; Salida; Andrew’s ranch; Soldier Cafion; Rist Cafion; Trinidad; Owl Cafion. 4. Sabina prostrata (Pers.) Antoine. CrrePInc JUNIPER, TRAILING SAVIN. Exposed hills and slopes from N. S. to B. C., Colo. and N. Y.—AIt. 4000- 8500 ft-—North Cheyenne Cafion; Parlin; Owl Cafion. Order 8. GNETALES. Family 10. EPHEDRACEAE Dumort. Jorint-Fir FaMILy. 1. EPHEDRA Tourn. JoINT-FIRs. Scales and branches opposite; bracts opposite and connate, scarious only on the margins. 1. E. antisyphylitica. Scales, branches and bracts in threes; the latter scarcely connate; those of the pistillate cones mostly scarious and more or less clawed. Scales 2-3 mm. long, not becoming shreddy; fruit scabrous. 2. E. Torreyana. Scales 6-12 mm. long, becoming shreddy; fruit smooth. 3. E. trifurca. 1, Ephedra antisyphylitica E. A. Mey. On desert land from Colo. to Texas and Mex.—Mancos. 2. Ephedra Torreyana S. Wats. On desert lands to an altitude of 5500 ft. from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Calif—Deer Run. 3. Ephedra trifurca Torr. On desert lands from southwestern Colo. and Utah to Texas and Ariz—Mesa Verde; Las Animas Valley (Brandegee). Class 2. ANGIOSPERMAE. ' Subclass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES. Order 9. PANDANALES. Flowers in elongated terminal spikes; fruit hidden among bristles. Fam. 11. TYPHACEAE. Flowers in globose lateral spikes; fruit not hidden among bristles. Fam. 12. SPARGANIACEAE. Family 11. TYPHACEAE J. St. Hil. Car-ram Famity. 1. TYPHA L. Cat-talts. 1. Typha latifolia L. In marshes, lakes and streams from Newf. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.; also Mex., Asia and Europe.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Pagosa Springs; Ft. Collins; common in swamps formed by irrigation. Family 12. SPARGANIACEAE Agard. Bur-rEEpD FamILy. 1. SPARGANIUM L. Bur-reep. Leaves triangular-keeled at the base. Mature achenes truncate at the apex, stalked; stigmas often z. 1. S. eurocarpum. Mature achenes acuminate at the apex, sessile; stigma always solitary; lower heads peduncled. : z. S. multipedunculatum. Leaves flat throughout, mostly floating. Mature heads 12-15 mm. in diameter; style and stigma of about the same length as the achenes. 3. S. angustifolium. Mature heads 7-10 mm. in diameter; style and stigma shorter than the achenes. 4. S. minimum. 1. Sparganium eurocarpum Engelm. In marshes and slow streams from Newf. to Wash., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Along Platte River, Denver. 2. Sparganium multipedunculatum (Morong) Rydb. (S. simplex multi- pedunculatum Morong) In marshes, slow streams and lakes, from the Mackenzie River to Wash. and Colo.—Alt. 6500-10,500 ft——Gunnison; Cot- tonwood Lake; Kremmling; West Cliff; margin of lake, Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Estes Park; eight miles west of Hebron. 3. Sparganium angustifolium Michx. In lakes and streams from Newf. to Ore., N. Y. and Calif.—Alt. 8500-11,500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Seven Lakes; Trapper’s Lake; Estes Park. 11 12 ZANICHELLIACEAE. 4. Sparganium minimum Fries. In ponds and streams from N. B. to Alaska, N. Y. and Utah—Grand Lake; Estes Park. Order 10. NAIADALES. Gynoecium of distinct carpels; stigmas disk-like or cup-like. Fam. 13. ZANICHELLIACEAE. Gynoecium of united carpels; stigmas 2-4, slender. Fam. 14. NAIADACEAE. Family 13. ZANICHELLIACEAE Dumort. Ponp-weep Famizy. Flowers perfect in peduncled spikes; ovaries sessile; stamens 4; connective ‘ap- pendaged. 1. POTAMOGETON. Flowers monoecious, axillary; anthers 1; connective not appendaged. 2. ZANICHELLIA. 1. POTAMOGETON L. Ponp-weep. With both floating and submerged leaves. Submerged leaves bladeless. 1. P. natans, Submerged leaves with proper blade. Submerged leaf-blades lanceolate. Submerged leaves all petioled. 2. P. lonchites. Submerged leaves sessile or the uppermost short-petioled. Peduncles of the same thickness as the stem. 3. P. alpinus. Peduncles thicker than the stem. 4. P. Zizii. Submerged leaves linear. 5. P. heterophyllus. With submerged leaves only. Leaves with broad blades, lanceolate or oval, many-nerved. Leaves short-petioled or sessile, not clasping. 6. P. lucens. Leaves clasping. 7. P. Richardsonti. Leaves narrowly linear or capillary. Stipules free from the leaves. Glands at the base of the leaves absent. 8. P. foliosus. Glands at the base of the leaves present. 9. P. pusillus. Stipules adnate to the base of the leaves. Stigma broad, sessile. Leaves filiform, 4-%4 mm. wide; stipular sheath 3-8 mm. long. 10. P. filiformis. Leaves about 1 mm. wide; stipular sheath 1-2 cm. long. 11. P. interior. Stigma capitate; style evident. 12. P. pectinatus. 1. Potamogeton natans L. In lakes and ponds from N. S. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif.; also Mex., Europe and Asia.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Rio Grande, Alamosa; Lee’s Lake, Ft. Collins; Laramie River near state line. 2. Potamogeton lonchites Tuckerm. In ponds and slow streams from N. B. to Wash., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8000 ft— Alamosa. 3. Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. (P. rufescens Schrad.) In ponds from N. S. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif—AlIt. 8000-11,500 ft—Georgetown; Tomichi River; Seven Lakes; Trapper’s Lake. ZANICHELLIACEAE. 13 4. Potamogeton Zizii M. & K. In lakes and streams from Que. to Ida., Fla. and Texas.—Cerro Summit. 5. Potamogeton heterophyllus Schreb. In still or flowing water from Lab. to B. C., Fla. and Calif—AIt. 5000-Gooo ft—Near Boulder. 6. Potamogeton lucens L. In ponds and lakes, from N. Sc. to Fla. and Calif.—Cottonwood Lake. 7. Potamogeton Richardsonii (Bennett) Rydb. (P. perfoliatus lanceolatus Robbins) In lakes, ponds and slow streams from Newf. to Alaska, Del. and Calif—Alt. about 8000 ft.—Tomichi River. 8. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. In streams and ponds from N. B. to B. C.,, Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—North Platte River, below Hebron; Grand River, Sulphur Springs; Platte River, Denver. g. Potamogeton pusillus L. In slow streams and ponds from N. B. to B. C,, N. C. and Calif—Alt. 4ooo-8000 ft—Base of Pike’s Peak; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Alamosa. 10. Potamogeton filiformis Pers. In ponds and lakes from Anticosti to B. C., N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Twin Lakes; Walsenburg; Grand Lake. tr, Potamogeton interior Rydb. (P. marinus occidentalis Robbins) In lakes and slow streams from Alb. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft.— San Luis Valley; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Tomichi River; Gunnison; Hamor’s Lake, Durango. 12. Potamogeton pectinatus L. In fresh, alkaline or salt water from N. B. to Alaska, Fla. and Low. Calif—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; New Windsor; lake near Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; Trapper’s Lake; Lee’s Lake, Ft. Collins. 2. ZANICHELLIA L. ZANICHELLIA. 1. Zanichellia palustris L. In fresh and alkaline ponds and streams especi- ally with sandy bottoms from Mass. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.; also in the Old World.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Ft. Collins; Platte River, Denver; stream twelve miles below Grand Lake; swamp along Poudre River. Family 14. NAIADACEAE Lindl. Naias Famiy. 1, NAIAS L. Natas. 1. Naias guadalupensis (Spreng.) Morong. In brackish and alkaline water from Kans., Nebr. to Ore., Fla. and Texas; Tropical America——Lee’s Lake, Ft. Collins. Order 11. ALISMALES. Petals similar to the sepals; anthers long and narrow; carpels coherent. Fam. 15. SCHEUCHSERIACEAE. Petals different from the sepals, in ours white; anthers short and thick; carpels not coherent. Fam. 16, ALISMACEAE. 14 SCHEUCHSERIACEAE. Family 15. SCHEUCHSERIACEAE Agardh. ArRRow-Grass Famiy. 1. TRIGLOCHIN L. Arrow-crass. Carpels 3; fruit linear-clavate, tapering to an awl-shaped base. 1. T. palustris. Carpels 6; fruit oblong or ovoid, obtuse at the base. 2. T. maritima. 1. Triglochin palustris L. In marshes from N. B. to Alaska, N. Y. and Colo.; also in Europe and Asia—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Lake John, North Park; Iola; Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango; Grizzly Creek; Como; South Park. 2. Triglochin maritima L. In marshes, especially those that are more or less alkaline or saline, from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Doyle’s; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Gyp- sum, Eagle Co.; Tobe Miller’s ranch; Steamboat Springs. Family 16. ALISMACEAE DC. WarTeER-PLAINTAIN FamILy. Carpels in a ring on a flat receptacle. 1. ALISMA. Carpels spirally arranged in several series on a convex or globose receptacle. 2. SAGITTARIA, 1. ALISMA L. WatTER-PLANTAIN. 1. Alisma Plantago L. (A. brevipes Greene) In water from Que. to Wash., Colo. and Low. Calif.; also in Europe——Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Cerro Summit; La Porte, Larimer Co.; La Plata River; Piedra; near the river, Ft. Collins; Hubbard Creek, Delta Co. 2. SAGITTARIA L. Arrow-HEaD. Basal lobes of the leaf-blades not longer than the blade proper. Beak of the achenes at a right angle to the body and of % its length or more; bracts ovate. a. S. latifolia. Beak of the achenes erect, very short. Bracts lanceolate, 8-20 mm. long; petiole comparatively short; blade sel- dom floating. 2. S. arifolia. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 mm. long; petioles very long; blades floating or none. 3. S. cuneata. Basal lobes of the leaf-blades 2~3 times as long as the blades proper. 4. S. longiloba, 1. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. In marshes and shallow water from N. B. to B. C, Fla. and Tex.—Lee’s Lake, near Ft. Collins; along the river near Ft. Collins. z. Sagittaria arifolia J. G. Smith. In shallow water and mud from Me, Sask., B. C. and Mich. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; North Cheyenne Cafion; Alamosa; Kremmling; La Porte road, near Ft. Collins. 3. Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon. In lakes from Minn. to Sask., B. C. and Colo.—‘ Colorado.” 4. Sagittaria longiloba Engelm. In shallow ponds from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and Sonora—Exact locality not given. ELODIACEAE. 15 Order 12, HYDROCHARITALES. Family 17. ELODIACEAE Dumort. Tape-crass FamILy. 1. PHILOTRIA Raf. WaAateER-WEED. Calyx over 2.5 mm. broad. 1. P. angustifolia. Calyx less than 2 mm. broad. z. P. minor. 1. Philotria angustifolia (Muhl.) Britton. In ponds and slow-flowing water from N. Y. to Sask., Ky. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft—Lee’s Lake, Ft. Collins. z. Philotria minor (Engelm.) Small. In ponds and slow-flowing streams from Me. to Minn., Wyo., Tenn. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Rio Grande; Alamosa; Lee’s Lake. Order 13. POALES. Leaves 2-ranked ; their sheath with their margins not united; stem mostly hollow; fruit a grain. Fam. 18. PoacEag. Leaves 3-ranked; their sheath with united margins; stem solid; fruit an achene. Fam. 19. CyPERACEAE. Family 18. POACEAE R. Br. Grass Famity. Spikelets falling from the pedicles entire, naked or enclosed in bristles or bur- like involucres, 1-flowered, or if 2-flowered the lower flower staminate; no upper empty glumes; rachilla not extending above the upper glume. Spikelets round or somewhat compressed dorsally; empty glumes manifest; hilum punctiform. Flowering glume and palet hyaline, thin, much more delicate in texture than the empty glumes. Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and the other pedicellate. Tribe 1. ANDROPOGONEAE. Spikelets not in pairs (Alopecurus, Polypogon, Cinna, etc.). Tribe 6. AGROSTIDEAE. Flowering glume, at least that of the perfect flower, similar in texture to the empty glumes, or thicker and firmer, never hyaline and thin. Flowering glume and palet membranous; the first glume usually larger than the rest. Tribe 2. ZoYSIEAE. Flowering glume and palet chartaceous to coriaceous, very different in color and appearance from the remaining glumes. Tribe 3. PANICEAE. Spikelets much compressed laterally ; empty glumes none or rudimentary; hilum linear. Tribe 4. ORYZEAE. Spikelets with the empty glumes persistent, the rachilla articulated above them, 1-many-flowered; frequently the upper glumes are empty; rachilla often pro- duced beyond the upper glume. Spikelets borne in an open or spike-like panicle or raceme, usually upon dis- tinct pedicels. Spikelets 1-flowered. Empty glumes 4; palet 1-nerved. Tribe 5. PHALARIDEAE. Empty glumes 2, rarely 1; palet 2-nerved (except in Cinna). Tribe 6, AGROSTIDEAE. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Flowering glumes usually shorter than the empty glumes; the awn dorsal and usually bent. Tribe 7. AVENEAE. Flowering glumes usually longer than the empty ones; the awn terminal and straight (rarely dorsal in Bromus) or none. Tribe o. FESTUCEAE. 16 POACEAE. Spikelets in two rows sessile or nearly so. Spikelets on one side of the continuous axis, forming one-sided spikes. Tribe 8. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets alternately on opposite sides of the axis, which is often articulated. Tribe 10. HorpEAE. Trine 1. ANDROPOGONEAE. Racemes singly disposed; apex of the rachis-internodes a translucent cup-shaped appendage. 1. SCHIZACHYRIUM. Racemes disposed in pairs or more; apex of the rachis-internodes not appendaged. Rachis-internodes and pedicels sulcate, the median portion translucent, the mar- gins thickened. 2. AMPHILOPHIS. Rachis-internodes not sulcate. Some or all of the racemes sessile. 3. ANDROPOGON. All of the racemes more or less peduncled. Pedicellate spikelets wanting. 4. SORGHASTRUM. Pedicellate spikelets present and usually staminate. 5. SORGHUM. TRIBE z ZOYSIEAE. Only one genus represented. 6. Hivarta. TrisE 3. PANICEAE. Spikelets naked, not involucrate. Empty glumes 2. Rachis produced beyond the upper spikelet; spikelets narrow. 37. SPARTINA. Rachis not so produced; spikelets globose. 38. BECKMANNIA. Empty glumes 3. Empty glumes not awned. Spikelets in very slender 1-sided racemes, which are usually whorled or approximate. 7. SYNTHERISMA, Spikelets in panicles or panicled racemes. Spikeles lanceolate, acuminate, long-hairy. 8. TRICHACHNE, Spikelets orbicular oy lanceolate; if the latter, then glabrous. 9. Panicum. Empty glumes awned or awn-pointed. 10. ECHINOCHLOA. Spikelets involucrate. Involucre of numerous bristles. 11, CHAETOCHLOA. Involucre of two spine-bearing valves. 12. CENCHRUS. TRIBE 4. ORYZEAE. Spikelets perfect; empty glumes wanting or rarely rudimentary. 13. HoMALOCENCHRUS. TriBE 5. PHALARIDEAE. Third and fourth glumes empty, awnless. 14. PHALAaRIS. Third and fourth glumes enclosing staminate flowers. 15. SAVASTANA. Trine 6. AGROSTIDEAE. Flowering glumes indurate when mature and very closely embracing the grain, or at least firmer than the empty glumes. Spikelets all perfect not in pairs. Flowering glume 3-awned. 16. ARISTIDA. Flowering glume 1-awned. Awn twisted and bent. 17. STIPA, Awn not twisted. POACEAE. 17 Flowering glumes broad; awn deciduous. Flowering glumes glabrous, or pubescent with short appressed hairs. 18. ORYzOPSIS. Flowering glumes pubescent with long, silky hairs much exceeding the glume. 19. ERIocoMA. Flowering glumes narrow; glabrous or with short, appressed hairs; the awn persistent. 20. MUHLENBERGIA. Spikelets in pairs, one perfect and the other staminate or sterile, in a spike- like panicle. 21. Lycurus. Flowering glumes usually hyaline or membranaceous at maturity; at least more delicate than the empty ones; grains loosely enclosed. Stigma, sub-plumose (7. e., with short hairs all around), projecting from the apex of the nearly closed glumes. Inflorescence spike-like. Rachilla of the spikelets articulated above the empty glumes, which are therefore persistent. 22, PHLEUM. Rachilla of the spikelets articulated below the empty glumes, hence the spikelets deciduous entire. 23. ALOPECURUS. Inflorescence an open small panicle; dwarf arctic-alpine plant. 24. PHIPPSIA. Stigma plumose, profecting from the sides of the spikelets; inflorescence an open or spike-like panicle. Grain not permanently enclosed in the flowering scale and palet; pericarp opening readily at maturity. Flowering glumes long-hairy on the veins. 25. BLEPHARINEURON. Flowering glumes not long-hairy on the veins. 26. SPOROBULUS. Grain permanently enclosed in the flowering glume and the palet; pericarp adherent. P Spikelets readily falling off entire when mature. 27. PoLypocon, Spikelets with the empty scales at least persistent. Palet 1-nerved and 1-keeled; stamen 1. 28. CINNA. Palet 2-nerved and 2-keeled or sometimes wanting; stamen 3. Flowering glumes naked at the base. 29. AGROSTIS. Flowering glumes with long hairs at the base. Flowering glume and palet thin-membranous. 30. CALAMAGROSTIS. Flowering glume and palet chartaceous. 31. CALAMOVILFA, Trine 7. AVENEAE. Awn of the flowering glumes inserted dorsally below the teeth. Grain free, unfurrowed; spikelets less than 1 cm. long. Flowering glumes erose-toothed or shortly 2-lobed at the apex. 32. DESCHAMPSIA. Flowering glumes 2-cleft or deeply 2-toothed at the apex; teeth awn-pointed. Awn twisted and bent. 33. TRISETUM. Awn if present not twisted, straight. 34. GRAPHEPHORUM. Grain furrowed, adherent to the glumes; spikelets exceeding 1 cm. in length. Ovary not crowned by a villous appendage. 35. AVENA. Ovary crowned by a villous appendage (awned species of) ‘ 65. Bromus. Awn of the flowering glumes inserted between the teeth. 36. DANTHONIA. Trise 8. CHLORIDEAE. Spikelets with perfect flowers. Spikelets with 1 (rarely 2) perfect flowers. Spikelets deciduous as a whole; rachis articulated below the empty glumes. Rhachis produced above the upper spikelet; spikelets narrow. 37. SPARTINA, Rhachis not produced beyond the upper spikelet; spikelets globose. 38. BECKMANNIA, lo 18 POACEAE. Spikelets with at least the empty glumes persistent. Glumes above the perfect flower none; spikes digitate, very slender. 39. SCHEDONARDUS. Glumes above the perfect flower 1-several; spikes scattered. Spikes 1-4, rarely more; spikelets 25 or more. 40. BourELoua. Spikes numerous, 12 or more; spikelets few, less than 12. 41. ATHEROPOGON. Spikelets with 2-3 perfect flowers; spikelets alternate. 42. LEPTOCHLOA. Spikelets dioecious; those of the two sexes very unlike. 43. BuLBILis. TRIBE 9. FESTUCEAE. Flowering glumes, at least of the pistillate spikelets, 3-lobed and 3-awned; plant dioecious. 44. SCLEROPOGON. Flowering glumes entire or at most 2-lobed. Hairs on the rachilla or flowering glume very long and enclosing the latter. 45. PHRAGMITES. Hairs, if any, on the rachilla and the flowering glume shorter than the glume. Stigmas barbellate on elongated styles; spikelets in threes in the axils of spinescent leaves. 46. Munroa. Stigmas plumose, sessile or on short styles. e Flowering glumes 1-3-nerved. Lateral nerves of the flowering glumes hairy. Flowering glumes deeply 2-lobed. Internodes of the rachilla long, often half as long as the flowering glume; plants without stolons. 47. TRIPLASIS. Internodes of the rachilla short, many times shorter than the glumes; plants with long, arching stolons. 48. DasyocHLoa. Flowering glume entire or slightly 2-lobed; internodes of the rachilla short. Inflorescence a short congested raceme; leaf-blades with thick car- tilaginous margins. 49. ERIONEURON. Inflorescence a panicle; leaf-blades not with cartilaginous margins. Panicle simple or compound; the spikelets on pedicels of varying length. 50. TRIDENS. Panicles composed of long branches, along which the appressed spikelets are arranged on short pedicels. 51. DIPLACHLE, Lateral nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous. Callus of the flowering glumes copiously pubescent with long hairs; panicle open. 52. REDFIELDIA. Callus of the flowering glumes glabrous. Second empty glume similar to the first or nearly so. Panicle narrow, dense and spike-like, shining; its branches erect. 53. KoELErRia. Panicle open; its branches spreading. Rachilla continuous (except in E. major); flowering glume de- ciduous; palet persistent; plants of dry soil. 54. ERaGROSTIS. Rachilla articulated ; flowering glumes and palet both deciduous with the rachilla-internodes; water plants with 2-flowered spikelets. 55. CATABROSA. Second empty glume very unlike the first one, broad at the summit. 56. EaTontia. Flowering glumes 5—many-nerved. Spikelets with two or more of the upper glumes empty, broad and. enfold- ing each other. 57. MELIca. Spikelets with upper glumes flower-bearing or narrow and abortive. Stigmas placed at or near the apex of the ovary. Spikelets borne in one-sided fascicles which are arranged in a glom- erate or interrupted panicle; flowering glumes herbaceous. 58. Dactytis. POACEAE. 19 Spikelets borne in panicles of racemes. Glumes more or less compressed and keeled. Spikelets cordate, large. 59. Briza, Spikelets not cordate. Plants dioecious; flowering glume of the pistillate spikelets coriaceous; palet strongly 2-keeled and serrate on the margin. 60. DISTICHLIS. Plants with perfect flowers or in some species of Poa dioe- cious; spikelets all alike; flowering glume thin; palet ciliate or smooth on the margin Flowering glumes scarious-margined; rachis glabrous or with webby hairs. 61. Poa. Flowering glumes membranous, not scarious-margined ; rachis with stiff hairs, extending into a hairy appendage. 34. GRAPHEPHORUM. Glumes rounded on the back, at least below. Flowering glumes obtuse or acutish and scarious at the apex, usually toothed. Flowering glumes distinctly 5—7-nerved; style present. 6 62. PANICULARIA. Flowering glumes obscurely s5-nerved; style none. 63. PuccINELLIA. Flowering glumes acute, pointed or more commonly awned at the apex. 64. Festuca. Stigmas plainly arising below the apex of the ovary which is tipped by a hairy cushion. 65. Bromus. Tris—E 10. HORDEAE. Spikelets usually single at the nodes of the rachis. Empty scales broad, with their sides turned towards the rachis. 66. AGROPYRON. Empty glumes with their back turned to the rachis. 7o. LoLium. Spikelets 2-6 at each joint of the rachis, or if solitary the empty glumes arranged obliquely to the rachis. Spikelets 1-flowered or with a rudimentary second flower. 67. HorpEuM. Spikelets 2-many-flowered. Rachis of the spikes articulated, readily breaking up into joints. 68. SITANION. Rachis of the spikes continuous, not breaking up into joints. 69. Etymus. Tribe 1. ANDROPOGONEAE. 1. SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees. BuncH-crAss, BrooM-crass. 1. Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash. (Andopogon scoparium Michx.) On sandy or dry gravelly hills from N. B. to Sask., Fla. and Tex.— Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Near Boulder; Cheyenne Mountain; Engelmann Cafion; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Royal Gorge; La Porte, Tobe Miller’s ranch; Poudre Cafion; Ft. Collins. 2. AMPHILOPHIS Nash. 1. Amphilophis Torreyanus (Steud.) Nash. (Andropogon saccharoides of Coult. Man.; not Sw.) In dry soil from Mo. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Cafion City. 20 POACEAE. 3. ANDROPOGON L. Bearp-crass, BLUE-STEM. Fourth glume of the sessile spikelet with a long geniculate awn, more or less spiral at the base. Outer two glumes of the sessile spikelet more or less hispidulous all over; hairs on the rachis-internodes usually 2 mm. or less long. 1. A. furcatus. Outer two glumes of the sessile spikelet smooth or nearly so, except on the nerves; hairs of the rachis-internodes 3-4 mm. long. z. A. chrysocomus. Fourth glume of the sessile spikelet awnless or with a short, straight, untwisted awn. 3. A. Halli. 1. Andropogon furcatus Muhl. In meadows from Me. to Sask., Fla. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Near Boulder; La Veta; Golden; West Dry Creek, Larimer Co.; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Tobe Miller’s ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. z. Andropogon chrysocomus Nash. In dry meadows from Neb. to Colo., Kans. and Tex.—Alt. 4ooo-8000 ft—La Veta; on the plains. 3. Andropogon Hallii Hack. In sandy soil from Neb. to Mont., Kans. and Mex.—Exact locality not given. ° 4. SORGHASTRUM Nash. Inpian Grass. 1. Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash. (Chrysopogon nutans Benth.) In dry soil from Ont. to Man., Fla. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-Gooo ft.—Near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City; Tobe Miller’s ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. 5. SORGHUM Pers. JoHNson Grass, SucaR Corn. 1. Sorghum halapense (L.) Pers. Cultivated for fodder and occasionally escaped.—Rocky Ford. Tribe 2. ZOYSIEAE. 6. HILARIA H. B. K. MesguitEe, Black GRAMA. Outer glumes of the spikelets cuneate, awnless; the nerves strongly diverging. 1. H. mutica. Outer glumes linear or oblong, awned; the nerves parallel. 2. H, Jamesii. 1. Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. On dry plains from southern Colo. to Tex. and Ariz—Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Hilaria Jamesii (Torr.) Benth. Hillsides and gulches of the mesas from Wyo. to Nev., Tex. and N. Mex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Deer Run; mesas near Pueblo; Arboles; Mancos; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. Tribe 3. PANICEAE, 7. SYNTHERISMA Walt. Cras-crass. Pedicels terete or nearly so, sparingly if at all hispidulous; lower sheath glabrous. : : 1. S. humifusum. Pedicels sharply 3-angled; the angles strongly hispidulous; as are also the sheaths. 2. S. sanguinale. POACEAE. 21 1. Syntherisma humifusum (Pers.) Rydb. On roadsides, in old fields and waste places, introduced from the Old World and established from N. S. to Mont. and Colo. and Fla.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Georgetown; Ft. Collins. 2. Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac. (Panicum sanguinale L.) In lawns, cultivated ground and waste places; introduced from the Old World and established from Mass. to Neb., Fla. and Calif—Alt. about 5000 ft— Boulder; Cafion City; Ft. Collins. 8. TRICHACHNE Nees. \ 1. Trichachne saccharatum (Buckley) Nash. On dry hillsides from Colo. to western Tex., Ariz. and Mex.—Alt. up to 8500 ft—Cafion City; Fremont Co. g- PANICUM L. Panic-crass, WITCH-GRASS, SWITCH-GRASS, MILLET. Basal leaf-blades long and narrow; spikelets lanceolate to ovate, acute to acu- minate. Annual. 1. P. capillare. Perennial with long, s€aly root-stock. z. P. virgatum. Basal leaf-blades ovate to Janceolate; spikelets elliptic to ovate or obovate, obtuse. Spikelets less than 2 mm. long. 3. P. unciphyllum. Spikelets more than 2 mm. long. 4. P. Scribnerianum, 1. Panicum capillare L. In sandy soil and waste places from S. Dak. to B. C., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9500 ft.—Black Cafion; Ft. Collins; Pike’s Peak; Grand Junction; near Boulder; Cafion City; Colorado Springs; Graymont. 2. Panicum virgatum L. In meadows and on river-banks from Me. to Ass., Fla. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Ft. Collins; Golden; Trimble Springs; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Boulder; La Veta; Tobe Miller’s ranch. 3. Panicum usciphyllum Trin. (P. pubescens and P. dichotomum of Coult. Man.) In dry or sandy soil from Me. to B. C., Ga. and Ariz—Exact local- ity not given. 4. Panicum Scribnerianum Nash. (P. scoparium of Coult. Man.; not Lam.) In meadows from Me. to B. C., Va., Ariz. and Ore.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Palmer Lake; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Boulder. 1o. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. BARNYARD-GRASS, COCKSPUR-GRASS. 1. Echinochloa Crus-galli (L.) Beauv. (Panicum Crus-galli L.) In sandy or alkaline soil, waste places and old fields.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Golden; Grand Junction; Dry Creek, Larimer Co.; Cafion City. Echinochloa Crus-galli mutica is a variety with short awn.—Golden; Tobe Miller’s ranch, near La Porte; Ft. Collins. 11, CHAETOCHLOA Scribn. Fox-Tam Grass, ITALIAN MILLET, HUNGARIAN Grass. Inflorescence with the spikelets racemosely arranged; bristles 5-16 at the base of each spikelet, involucrate, tawny-orange. 1. Cy. glauca. Inflorescence with the spikelets in clusters or on branches; bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet, not involucrate. 22 POACEAE. Second glume of the spikelet as long as the flowering glume or very nearly so; annuals. . Panicle usually 1 cm. thick or less; bristles commonly green; spikelets about 2 mm. long. 2. C. viridis. Panicle usually 1-3 cm. thick; bristles usually purple; spikelets 2.5-3 mm. long. 3. C. ttalica. Second glume manifestly shorter than the flowering glume; perennial. 4. C. composita. 1. Chaetochloa glauca (L.) Scribn. (Setaria glauca Beauv.) YELLOW Fox-TaILt. In waste places and cultivated grounds from Vt. to Man., Fla. and Tex.—Alt. up to 5000 ft—Ft. Collins. 2. Chaetochloa viridis (L.) Scribn. (Setaria viridis Beauv.) Green Fox- TAIL. In cultivated ground and waste places from Me. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Near Boulder; Idaho Springs; Ft. Collins; Granada. 3. Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. (Setaria italica Kunth.) Itauian Mitter, HuncarIAN Grass. Cultivated and escaped in fields and waste places from Que. to Minn., Fla. and Colo—Grass station, Ft. Collins. 4. Chaetochloa composita (H. B. K.) Scribn. In dry soil from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Cafion City. 1z. CENCHRUS L. Sanop-Bur, SAnD-Spur, CocK-Spur, Bur-Grass. 1. Cenchrus tribuloides L. In sandy soil from Me. to Minn., Fla. and Tex. —Alt. 4000-6500 ft—Near Boulder; Ft. Collins; Cafion City; Colorado Springs. : Tribe 4. ORYZEAE. 13. HOMALOCENCHRUS Mieg. Rice Cut-Grass, CaTCH-FLY GRASS. 1. Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. In wet places and swamps from N. Se. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City; river-flats east of Ft. Collins. Tribe 5. PHALARIEAE. 14. PHALARIS L. Canary-crass. Outer glumes not winged; inflorescence a narrow panicle. 1. P. arundinacea. Outer glumes winged; inflorescence a spike or spike-like panicle. Spikelets narrow; third and fourth glumes much reduced; blade subulate, hairy. ; ' 2. P. caroliniana. Spikelets broad, third and fourth glumes thin, membranous; blade lanceolate, glabrous or sparingly hairy. 3. P. canariensis. i. Phalaris arundinacea L. In swamp and wet meadows from N. Sc. to B. C., N. J. and Nev. Also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—George- town; Gunnison; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Fort Collins; Hamor’s Lake; Table Rock. 2. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. In wet soil from S. C. to Calif, Fla. and Mex.—Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co. POACEAE. 23 3. Phalaris canariensis L. Introduced from Europe and Africa; in waste places from N. S. to S. D., Va. and Colo.—Alt. up to 8500 ft—Gunnison; Colorado Springs. 15. SAVASTANA. Hoty Grass, VANILLA GRASS. 1. Savastana odorata (L.) Scribn. (Hierochloe borealis R. & S.) Among bushes and on banks from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Ariz.—Alt. 6500-8500 ft—Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; West Cliff; South Park; along the Cone- jos River, north of Antonito. Tribe 6. AGROSTIDEAE. 16, ARISTIDA L. Poverty Grass, Wire Grass. Spikelets crowded, 4-6 on the short panicle-branches, which are spikelet-bearing to the base or nearly so. 1. A. fasciculata. Spikelets not crowded, usually 1-3, or if more the branches of the panicle or their divisions with a long, naked base Second glume of the spikelet 1.5 cm. long or less, usually equalling or slightly exceeding the flowering glume. 2. A. Fendleriana. Second glume of the spikelet 2 cm. long, from more than % longer than to nearly twice as long as the flowering glume. 3. A. longiseta. 1. Aristida fasciculata Torr. In dry soil from Kans. to Calif. and Tex.; also in Mex.—Alt. up to 5500 ft—Cafion City. z. Aristida Fendleriana Steud. (4. purpurea Coult.; not Nutt.) In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Mont., Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—lLos Pinos; Buena Vista; South Park; Salida, Chaffee Co. 3. Aristida longiseta Steud. In dry soil from Ill. to S. D., Wash., Tex. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Near Boulder; Trail Glen; New Windsor, Weld Co.; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Arboles; Durango; Ft. Col- lins; Colorado Springs; Cucharas Valley; Denver; Pueblo; foot-hills, Lari~ mer Co.; Palisades; Cafion City. 17. STIPA L. Porcupine-crass, OaT-cRass, WILD Oats. Outer glumes of the spikelet 2 cm. long or more. Awn plumose. 1. S. neo-mexicana. Awn not plumose. Base of panicle usually included in upper sheaths; flowering scale 8-12 mm. long; awn slender and curled above. 2. S. comata. Base of panicle exserted; flowering scale over 12 mm. long; awn straight above or nearly so. Flowering scales 12-15 mm. long. 3. S. Tweedyi. Flowering scales 20-25 mm. long. 4. S. spartea. Outer glumes of the spikelets 1.5 cm. long or less. Panicle loose and open. Awn plumose; panicle-branches ascending. 5. S. Porteri. Awn not plumose; panicle-branches diverging or reflexed at maturity. 6. S. Richardsonit. Panicle dense and spike-like. Empty glumes scarious or hyaline, the nerves hence prominent. Flowering glumes about 5 mm. long, long-hairy towards the apex. 12. S. Lettermannii. 24 POACEAE. Flowering glumes over 5 mm. long, equally hairy throughout. Flowering glumes 5-6 mm. long, spindle-shaped when mature; callus short. 7. S. viridula. Flowering glumes 6-7 mm. long, almost cylindric; callus long and pointed. 8. S. Nelsonit. Empty glumes firm, thickish, membranous or herbaceous; nerves not promi- nent. Flowering glumes 4-5 mm. long; leaf-blades very narrow, involute. g. S. minor. Flowering glumes 8-10 mm. long; leaf-blades broad. Panicle slender; stem low and slender. to. S. Scribneri. Panicle stout and dense; stem tall and stout. 11. S. Vaseyi. x. Stipa neo-mexicana (Thurb.) Scribn. Dry hills from Colo. to N. Mex. and Calif—Alt. up to 6000 ft-—Colorado Springs. 2. Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. On dry plains and hills, especially in sandy soil, from Alb. to Alaska, N. Mex. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft——Along the Platte River, Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Mancos; Almeha; Ft. Col- lins; mesas opposite Grand Junction; Rist Cafion; near Narrows along Pou- dre River. 3. Stipa Tweedyi Scribn. Plains and valleys from Alb. to Wash., Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Ft. Collins; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Walsenburg; Arboles; Grayback mining camps; Black Cafion of the Gunnison; Chester, Saguache Co.; Durango; Mancos; North Park; Gypsum; Rist Cafion. 4. Stipa spartea Trin. On prairies from Man. to B. C., Ills. and Colo. —Reported from Colorado Springs (Porter); South Park (Canby, Mehan); but doubtful. 5. Stipa Porteri Rydb. (S. Mongolica Porter & Coult.; not Turcz.) Mountains of Colo.—Twin Lakes. 6. Stipa Richardsonii Link. In meadow lands and hillsides from Alb. to Mont., S. D. and Colo.—Mountains west of Laramie River, Larimer Co. 7. Stipa viridula Trin. (S. parviflora Americana Schultes) Dry prairies and hills from Sask. to Mont., Kans. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Gato; Columbine; plains, Larimer Co.; Rist Cafion. 8. Stipa Nelsonii Scribner. Dry plains and hills from Ass. to Ida. and Colo.—Alt. 7500~10,000 ft—Near Boulder; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Idaho Springs; Poncha Pass; Georgetown; Durango; West Mancos Cafion; Rist Cafion; Poudre Cafion. g. Stipa minor (Vasey) Scribn. (S. viridula minor Vasey) Dry hill- sides and mountain valleys from Mont. to Utah and N. M.—AIt. 8000-12,500 ft—North Park; Twin Lakes; Marshall Pass; Roger’s; Cumbres; Colorado Springs; Robinson, Summit Co.; Long Gulch; near Chamber’s Lake ; Ute Pass road; along the Michigan, North Park; Anita Peak, Routt Co. ro, Stipa Scribneri Vasey. On foot-hills and mountain-sides of Colo. and N. M.—AIt. 5000-9500 ft—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Trail Glen; Clear Creek Cafion, Golden; near Empire; Royal Gorge; Georgetown. 11. Stipa Vaseyi Scribn. (S. viridula robusta Vasey.) On foot-hills and mountain-sides from Colo. to Ida., Tex. and N. M.; also in Mex.—Alt. 5000- 9000 ft.—Colorado Springs; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Idaho Springs; foot- POACEAE. 25 hills, Larimer Co.; Pagosa Springs; Manitou; Twin Lakes; Hardin’s ranch; Soldier Cafion; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; hills west of Dixon Cafion. 12, Stipa Lettermannii Vasey. Hills and plains from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo. and Utah.—Manitou. 18. ORYZOPSIS Michx. Mountain RICcz. Spikelets, exclusive of awn, 2.5—-4 mm. long; leaves very slender and involute. Outer glumes 3-5 mm. long; inflorescence very narrow with short, erect branches. 1. O. exigua. Outer glumes 2.5 mm. long; inflorescence at length open with long, often spreading or reflexed branches. 2. O. micrantha. Spikelets, exclusive of the awn, 6-8 mm. long; leaves broad and often flat. 3. O. asperifolia. 1. Oryzopsis exigua Thurber. On hillsides from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. about 8500 ft—Pearl. 2. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. & Rup.) Thurber. On hillsides and among bushes, from Ass. to Mont., Neb., N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-8500 ft.—Estes Park; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Georgetown; Arboles; Idaho Springs; Durango; Glen Eyrie; Walsenburg; Roaring Fork, Larimer Co. 3. Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. In woods from N. Sc. to B. C., Pa. and N. M.—Alt. up to gooo ft—Veta Pass. 19. ERIOCOMA Nutt. Panicle open, dichotomously branched with divergent branches. 1. O. cuspidata. Panicle narrow, with few spikelets on short, erect branches. z. O. Webberi. 1. Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. (Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth.) On dry bar- ren plains, cafions and sand-hills from Sask. to Wash., Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-9500 ft.—Grand Junction; Black Cafion; Buena Vista; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Arboles; Pueblo; Fort Collins; Mancos; along Platte River, Denver; Sangre de Cristo Creek; river bluffs north of La Veta; Wal- senburg; Howe’s Gulch; Cherokee Hill; hills about Trinidad; Dixon Cafion; near Fork’s Hotel, Manitou; Middle Park. 2. Eriocoma Webberi Thurber. On desert lands from western Colo. to Nev. and Calif—Alt. up to 5500 ft—Grand Junction. 20. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. Panicle contracted, narrow, spike-like, the short branches rarely spreading. Empty glumes awl-shaped; leafy and branched plants, with long root-stocks covered by imbricated scales. Flowering glumes not awned, basal hairs not equalling the flowering glume. Empty glumes about equalling the flowering glume in length, sharp-pointed, about 3 mm. long. 1. M. mexicana. Empty glumes exceeding the flowering glume, generally twice as long, awned, about 5 mm. long. 2. M. racemosa. Flowering glumes distinctly awned; basal hairs equalling the flowering glume. 3. M. comata. Empty glumes lanceolate to ovate; plants mostly tufted and leafy at the base, only in M. Richardsonis with an elongated, scaly root-stock. 26 POACEAE. Second glume not toothed or slightly so; flowering glume awnless or rarely very short-awned. Empty glumes more than half as long as the flowering glume, acuminate. Flowering glumes scabrous, green or dark. Panicle dense, obtuse, 5-10 mm. wide. 4. M. Wrightii. Panicle slender and lax, attenuate at the apex, less than 5 mm. wide. 5. M. cuspidata. Flowering glumes more or less purplish, sparingly long-hairy. 6. M. Thurberi. Empty glumes less than half as long as the flowering glume, obtuse or abruptly acute. Spikelets (excluding the awn if present) 1.5 mm. or more long. Plant with a strong perennial, scaly root-stock. 7. M. Richardsonis. Plant annual; root-stock, if any, very slender. Flowering glumes merely awn-pointed, decidedly purplish; plant 1-2 dm. high. Spikelets 2 mm. long or more; inflorescence short and rather dense; stem o.5-1 mm. thick. 8. M. simplex. Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long; inflorescence slender and lax; stem very slender, filiform. 9. M. filiformis. Flowering glumes with a distinct awn %-1 mm. long, greenish; plant 4-6 cm. high. to: M. aristata. Spikelets about 1 mm. long; plant less than 4 cm. high, annual. . t1. M. Wolhi. Second glume sharply 3-5-toothed; flowering glume long-awned; awn at least % as long as the glume. Stem 3-6 dm. high, leafy; panicle 7-12 cm. long; awn 8-15 mm. long. 12. M. gracilis. Stem 1-3 high, almost naked above; panicle 5-7 cm. long; awn 1-4 mm. long.., Spikelets 3-4 mm. long; awn 2-4 mm.; leaves usually stiff. 13. M. subalpina. Spikelets about 2 mm. long; awn 1-2 mm.; leaves filiform. 14. M. filiculmis. Panicle open, its branches long and spreading. Plants densely cespitose, branched only at the base. Secondary branches of the panicle single; basal leaves short, strongly re- curved. 15. M. gracillima. Secondary branches of the panicle fascicled; basal leaves not recurved. 16. M. pungens. Plants diffusely branched, prostrate. 17. M. Porteri. 1. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. In wet meadows and swamps from N. B. to N. D., N. C. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Rocky Ford; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Tobe Mil- ler’s ranch, near La Porte. z. Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B. S. P. (M. glomerata Trin.) In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C., N. J., N. M. and Ore.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Mountain; Engelmann Cafion; vicinity of Ouray; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Fort Collins; Black Cafion; Deer Run; Manitou; Middle Park. 3. Muhlenbergia comata (Thurb.) Benth. In wet soil, especially in sand from Mont. to Wash., Kans. and Calif—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft.—Mountains near Pagosa Peak; Gunnison; Carlton Lake, Grand Co.; Georgetown; Gypsum Creek Cafion, Eagle Co.; Twin Lakes; Hinsdale Co.; Empire. 4. Muhlenbergia Wrightii Vasey. In wet places in the mountains of Colo., POACEAE. 27 N. M., Ariz. and Mex.—Alt. about 7500 ft—-Mountains, Larimer Co.; La- Veta. 5. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. (Vilfa cuspidata Torr.; Sporo- bolus cuspidatus Woods) On dry plains from Man. to Alb., Mo. and Colo. —Exact locality not given. 6. Muhlenbergia Thurberi Rydb. (Vilfa filiculmis Thurber; Sporobolus filiculmis Vasey; not Dewey) Cafions and dry plains from Colo. to W. Tex. and N. M.—Alt. up to 9500 ft—Cafions west of Ouray. 7. Muhlenbergia Richardsonis (Trin.) Rydb. (Vilfa Richardsonis Trin.; Sporobolus depauperatus Coulter in part) On prairies and in meadows from Anticosti to B. C., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.——Arboles; George- town; Durango; Mancos; Gunnison; Elk River, Routt Co.; Grizzly Creek; West Mancos Cafion; North Park; Mountain View, Pike’s Peak; Twin Lakes; Colorado Springs; South Park; Alamosa; Como. 8. Muhlenbergia simplex (Scribn.) Rydb. (Sporobolus simplex Scribn.) In meadows and along brooks from Nebr. to Wyo. and N. Mex.—Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft—Georgetown; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Twin Lakes; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Crystal Park. 9g. Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurber) Rydb. (Vilfa depauperate filiformis Thurber) In wet places from Wyo. and Ore. to Colo. and Calif.—Steam- boat Springs, Routt Co. io. Muhlenbergia aristata Rydb. (Sporobolus aristatus Rydb.) Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. In wet places from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. —Alt. about 8500 ft.—Columbine. 11. Muhlenbergia Wolfii (Vasey) Rydb. (Sporobolus Wolfi Vasey) On wet shores in the mountains of Colo—Alt. 9000-10,000 ft—South Park; Twin Lakes; Halfway House. 12. Muhlenbergia gracilis Trin. On gravelly or sandy soil in the moun- tains from Tex. to Colo. and Calif.; also Mexico.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Monument Park; Georgetown; Twin Lakes; Ruxton Dell; cafion northeast side of Cheyenne Mountain; vicinity of Boulder; Como; Home; Buena Vista; Jefferson, South Park; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Cafion; Clear Creek; Georgetown; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie; gulch west of Sol- dier Cafion; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Middle Park; Ute Pass; Empire. 13. Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey. (M. gracilis breviaristata Vasey) On dry hills from Wyo. to N. M.—Alt. about 10,000 ft—Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Beaver Park; Twin Lakes; Ute Pass; Como. 14. Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey. Perhaps only a depauperate alpine form of the preceding. Mountains of Colo—Alt. 8500 ft—Green Mountain Falls; Como. 15. Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. On plains and foot-hills and in cafions from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Huerfano; Mani- tou; Fort Collins; along the Platte River, near Denver; Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes; Timnath; near Owl Cafion. 16. Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. Biow-our Grass. On sand-hills and “bad-lands” from Neb. to Utah—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Ster- ling, Logan Co. . 28 POACEAE. 17. Muhlenbergia Porteri Scribn. (M. Texana Thurb.; not Buckl.) On hills and plains from Tex. to Colo. and Calif.; also Mex.—Alt. about 6500 ft.—Cafion City. 21. LYCURUS H. B. K. 1. Lycurus pheoides H. B. K. On dry hillsides from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Alt. 6000-7500 ft—Garden of the Gods; Meadow Park; gulch west of Soldier Cafion. 22. PHLEUM L. Timortuy. Spikes usually elongated-cylindric; awns less than % the length of the outer glumes. 1. P. pratense. Spikes short, ovoid or oblong; awn about % the length of the outer glume. 2. P. alpinum. 1. Phleum pratense L. In meadows and waste places, escaped from culti- vation from N. Sc. to B. C., Fla. and Calif—Alt. up to 11,000 ft—Pagosa Springs; Alpine Tunnel; Ruxton Park; Mancos. 2. Phleum alpinum L. In mountain meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. H. and Calif.; also in northern Europe and Asia—Alt. 8500-12,000 ft.—Near Pagosa Peak; Dead Lake; Ruxton Park; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Chamber’s Lake; LaPlata; Georgetown; Seven Lakes; West Indian Creek; Lake City; Robinson, Summit Co.; Gray’s Peak; Beaver Creek; Boreas; Hematite; Pike’s Peak. 23. ALOPECURUS L. Foxtar. Spike elongated-cylindric, 3-7 cm. long; 4-6 mm. in diameter. 1. A, aristulatus. Spike oblong, 2-4 cm. long; 9-12 mm. in diameter. 2. A. occidentalis. 1. Alopecurus aristulatus Michx. In wet meadows from Me. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif—Alt. 4ooo-11,500 ft—-Wahatoya Creek; Colorado Springs; Arboles; Laramie River, Larimer Co.; Grizzly Creek; Mancos; Dead Lake; vicinity of Boulder; Manitou; Twin Lakes; South Park; Tobe Miller’s ranch, near La Porte; Quimby; Barne’s Camp; Spring Cafion; Soda Creek; Poudre Cafion; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Fossil Creek; along Purgatory River, near Trinidad. 2. Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. (A. alpinus of Coult. Man.; not L.) In wet meadows from Alb. to B. C., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8500-11,000 ft.— Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass. 24. PHIPPSIA R. Br. 1. Phippsia algida R. Br. In arctic-alpine localities from Greenl. to Alaska; also in Colo., arctic Europe and Asia——Chicago Lake, near Georgetown. 25. BLEPHARINEURON Nash. 1. Blepharineuron tricholepis (Torr.) Nash. (Sporobolus tricholepis Torr.) Mountain valleys from Colo. to Utah, Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.— « POACEAE. 29 Alt. 6000-12,000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Ruxton Park; Mount Ouray; Mon- tezuma; Ruxton Dell; Ribbon Lake; South Park; Colorado Springs; Minne- haha; Hinsdale Co.; Middle Park; southeast of Jefferson, South Park; Pagosa Peak. 26. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Dropsrep, Poverty-Grass, WIRE-GRASS. Perennials. First glume one-half as long as the second or less; plant not with long, scaly root-stocks. Branches of the panicle verticillate. 1. S. argutus. Branches of the panicle scattered. Spikelets about 2 mm. long; first glume lanceolate. Sheath naked or sparingly ciliate at the throat; empty glumes glabrous. 2. S. airoides. Sheath with a conspicuous tuft of hairs at the throat; empty glumes scabrous on the keel. Leaf-blades 6 cm. long or less, widely spreading, involute; sheath pubescent with long hairs, at least towards the base. 3. S. Nealeyi. Leaf-blades not widely spreading; sheaths glabrous, except the apex, and slightly on the margins. Panicle usually more or less included in the sheaths; its lower branches much exceeding the upper ones. 4. S. cryptandrus. Panicle always exserted, oblong, comparatively narrow; its lower branches but little, if any, exceeding the upper ones. 5. S. fexuosus. Spikelets 4.5-5 mm. long; first glume subulate, usually awned. 6. S. heterolepis. First glume almost equalling the second; plants with long, scaly root-stocks. 7. S. asperifolius. Annuals; empty glumes almost equal, ovate. 8. S. confusus. 1. Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth. On the plains from Kan. to Colo., Tex. and Mex.; also West Indies.—Exact locality not given (Vasey). z. Sporobolus airoides Torr. Dry prairies and river-valleys from Neb. to Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft.—Cafion City; Marshall Pass; South Park; Mancos; Fort Collins; Doyles; Arboles; Colorado Springs; La Porte; Palisade, Mesa Co.; Grand Junction; Alamosa; Cottonwood Creek; Gun- nison. 3. Sporobolus Nealleyi Vasey. In dry places from Tex. to Colo. and N. M.—AIlt. about 7500 ft——vVicinity of Alamosa. 4. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. In sandy soil from Mass. to Wash., Pa., Tex., Ariz. and Ore.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Cafion City; Empire; Manitou; Denver; Deer Run; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Colorado Springs; Fort Collins; Salida, Chaffee Co.; La Veta; Georgetown; Spring Cafion; Poudre Cafion; gulch, west of Soldier Cajfion. 5. Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurber) Rydb. (S. cryptandrus fexuosus Thur- ber.) In sandy places from Tex. to Nev. and Mex.—Reported from Colo- rado, but doubtful. 6. Sporobolus heterolepis A. Gray. On dry prairies from Que. to Sask., Pa. and Colo.—Exact locality not given. 7. Sporobolus asperifolius (Nees & Mey.) Thurber. On dry prairies from Ass. to B. C., Mo., Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Cottonwood Creek; 30 POACEAE. Saguache Creek; Fort Collins; Denver; Durango; vicinity of Boulder; Gun- nison; Cottonwood Creek; Manitou; Grand Junction. 8. Sporobolus confusus Vasey. (S. ramulosus of Coult. Man.; not Kunth.) In wet, sandy places from Neb. to Mont., Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Colorado Springs; Saguache Creek; Cimarron; Minnehaha; Ouray; Gunnison; Piedra; Buena Vista; mountains of Larimer Co.; Twin Lakes; Alamosa; vicinity of Fort Collins; Table Rock. 27. POLYPOGON Desf. Brarp-crass. 1. Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. In waste places from N. H. to B. C.,, S. C. and Calif.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Fort Collins; Poudre River. 28. CINNA L. Woop REeE«ep-crass. 1. Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. (C. pendula Trin.) In damp woods from Newf. to B. C., N. C. and Utah—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Empire; Buffalo Pass road, Routt Co.; Idaho Springs; Salida. 29. AGROSTIS L. Rep-top, Herp-crass, TiorIN, Bent-crass, Hair-crass, TICKLE-GRASS. Palet conspicuous, at least one-third as long as the flowering glume. Panicle large; branches verticillate; spikelets about 3 mm. long; stem 3-10 dm. high. 1. A, alba. Panicle small and narrow; branches scattered or in pairs; spikelets about 2 mm. long; stem 0.6-3 dm. high. 2. A, depressa. Palet minute or wanting. Branches of the contracted panicle short, at least some of them spikelet-bearing to the base. 3. A. asperifolia. Branches of the panicle more slender, naked below. Flowering glume awnless or short-awned; the awn not exceeding the spike- let. Branches of the panicle filiform, branched far above the middle, at last divaricate or reflexed; plant usually over 3 dm. high. 4. A, hiemalis. Branches short, 1-3 cm. long, ascending; plant 1-3 dm. high. 5. A. tenuiculmis. Flowering glume with a long, bent awn, which exceeds the spikelet by one- half. 6. A. canina L. 1. Agrostis alba L. In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C., Fla. and Calif.; native also of Europe and cultivated—AlIt. 4000-8500 ft—Gunnison; Golden; Fort Collins; Engelmann Cafion; Georgetown; Ouray; Twin Lakes; Mani- tou; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Baxter’s ranch. z. Agrostis depressa Vasey. In wet mountain meadows and along brooks from Wyo. to Utah and Colo—Alt. 9000-11,000 ft—Georgetown; Beaver Creek. 3. Agrostis asperifolia Trin. (A. exarata Coulter, in part) In wet mead- ows from Man. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-10,500 ft—Beaver Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Arboles; along the Lower Cucharas River; Twin Lakes; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion. POACEAE, 31 4. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B.S. P. (A. scabra Willd.) On prairies and hills, both in dry and wet soil, from Lab. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft—Vicinity of Fort Collins; Baxter’s ranch; Poudre Cafion; Twin Lakes; Taylor River; about Ouray; Gunnison; North Cheyenne Cafion; Ruxton Dell; Pagosa Springs; near Pagosa Peak; near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Cameron Pass; Estes Park; Grand Lake; Hamor’s Lake; Grizzly Creek; Georgetown; mountains, Larimer Co.; Marshall Pass; Valley and Empire; Veta Pass; Salida; Twin Lakes; South Park; Como; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Little Beaver Creek; between Graymont and Silver Plume; Steamboat Springs; Rabbit- Ear Range. 5. Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash. (A. tennis Vasey) In mountain meadows from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft—South Park; Mt. Elbert; Dead Lake; near Pagosa Peak; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 6. Agrostis canina L. Along mountain brooks from Newf. and Alaska to Pa., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. about 9000 ft.—Silver Plume. 30. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. ReeEp-crass, BLUE-JOINT. . Awn strongly geniculate, exserted, longer than the empty glumes; callus-hairs much shorter than the flowering glume; panicle dense and spike-like. 1. C. purpurascens. Awn straight or nearly so, included; callus-hairs not much shorter than the flower- ing glume (except in C. scopulorum). Panicle open, the lower branches wide-spreading and often drooping; leaf- blades flat; callus-hairs copious, almost equalling the glume. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long; empty glumes narrow, sharply acuminate; awn stout, attached below the middle, considerably exceeding the glume. 2. C. Langsdormi. Spikelets 3-4 mm. long, awn attached near the middle, equalling or slightly exceeding the glume. 3. C. canadensis. Panicle more or less contracted, branches ascending. Leaf-blades flat or nearly so. Callus-hairs copious, 2% as long as the flowering glume or longer. Plant cespitose; empty glumes acute. 9. C. hyperborea elongata. Plant not cespitose; empty glumes long-acuminate. 4. C. Scribneri. Callus-hairs sparse, 1% as long as the glume. 5. C. scopulorum. Leaf-blades involute. Culm and the narrow leaf-blades soft, not rigid; plant not cespitose. Spikelets 2.5-4 mm. long; empty glumes thin, sharp-acuminate. 6. C. neglecta. Spikelets 2 mm. long; empty glumes thickish, barely acutish. 7. C. micrantha. Culm and the usually broader leaf-blades hard, more or less rigid. Plant not cespitose, tall; panicle very long. 8. C. inexpansa. Plant strongly cespitose; panicle short and dense. 9. C. hyperborea. 1, Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. (Deyeuxia sylvatica Vasey; not DC.) On dry, stony hills and alpine table-lands from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 6500-12,500 ft—Silver Plume; mountains above Idaho Springs; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; South Park; Mt. Ouray; Mt. Garfield; Georgetown; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Webster; Pike’s Peak; 32 POACEAE. Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co.; mountains of Estes Park; Buena Vista; Clear Creek; near Chambers’ Lake; Como; above Beaver Creek; Happy Hollow; Devil’s Causeway; Graymont. 2, Calamagrostis Langsdorfii (Link.) Trin. (D. Langsdorfii Trin.) In wet meadows and open woods from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C. and Calif.— East of Laramie River, Larimer Co. 3. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (D. Canadensis Munro.) In wet thickets and open woods; also in meadows from Lab. to B. C., N. C. and Calif—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft—Fremont Co.; Middle Park; near Pagosa Peak; Engelmann Cafion; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Georgetown; Rabbit-Ear Pass; mountains and cafions, west of Palmer Lake; Estes Park; vicinity of Pike’s Peak; Gunnison; Buena Vista; Veta Pass; vicinity of Ft. Collins; Table Rock; Barnes’ Camp; Elk Cajfion. C. canadensis acuminata Vasey is a variety approaching the preceding spe- cies, in having larger flowers and more acuminate glumes. It has the same range as the species.—Alt. 9000-10,000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Anita Peak. 4. Calamagrostis Scribneri Beal. In open marshes and wet meadows from Alb. to B. C., Colo. and Wash.—Alt. about 9000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak. 5. Calamagrostis scopulorum M. E, Jones. Among rocks in Utah and Colo. —Alt. about 9000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak. 6. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. In open meadows from Lab. to Alaska, Me. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Georgetown; Ironton Park; Twin Lakes. 7. Calamagrostis micrantha Kearney. In wet meadows from Ass. to Colo. —Alt. about 8500 ft—Steamboat Springs. 8. Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray. In wet meadows and swamps from N. Y. to Ida., N. J. and Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft.—Penn’s Gulch. g. Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange. (D. stricta Am. auth. in part.) On sandy shores and among rocks, from Greenl. to Alaska, Vt. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft.—Clear Creek; Hamor’s Lake; Georgetown; Twin Lakes. The following varieties are recognized by Kearney: C. hyperborea stenodes Kearney, with narrow, strongly involute leaves, nar- row panicle and smaller (3-3.5 mm. long), less scabrous empty glumes. In swamps from Ass. to Mont. and Colo.—Alamosa; South Park. C. hyperborea elongata Kearney, with broader, often flattened, leaves and large, often interrupted, panicle. In wet meadows and swamps, especially in the plain regions, from Ont. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Veta Pass; Penn’s Gulch; Gunnison; Fort Garland. C. hyperborea americana (Vasey) Kearney, with shorter, merely acute, empty glumes and short dense inflorescence. In meadows and on prairies from Vt. to B. C., Colo. and Ore.—Breckenridge; Durango. 31. CALAMOVILFA Hack. Rexp-Grass, Sanp-Grass. 1. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook) Hack. (Calamagrostis longifolia Hook.) On sandy shores and sand-hills, from Ont. and Man. to Ind. and Colo—Alt. 4000-5000 it.—Tobe Miller’s ranch, near La Porte; vicinity of Fort Collins. POACEAE. 33 Tribe 7. AVENEAE. 32. DESCHAMPSIA Beauy. Harrerass. Empty glumes not extending beyond the apex of the upper flowering glume; leaves narrow. Empty glumes 4-5 mm. long; awn from half longer than to twice as long as the flowering glume. 1. D. alpicola. Empty glumes 3-4 mm. long. Awn about half longer than the flowering glume; leaves short, almost fili- form; plant 2-3 dm. high. 2. D. curtifolia. Awn slightly if at all exceeding the flowering glume; leaves long and firm; plant usually 3-8 dm. high. 3. D. caespitosa. Empty glumes much exceeding the upper flowering glume; leaves broad. 4. D. atropurpurea. 1. Deschampsia alpicola Rydb. (D. caespitosa alpina Vasey; not D. alpina R. & S.) In alpine meadows and on slopes, from Colo. to southern Wyo. and Utah; a similar, if not identical, form in Alaska—AlIt. 9000-14,000 ft.—Bert- houd’s Pass; Twin Lakes; Pike’s Peak; Silver Plume; South Park; near Pagosa Peak; East River; Seven Lakes; Mt. Ouray; Georgetown; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co.; Tennessee Pass; Dead Lake; vicinity of Gray’s Peak; Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Gray’s Peak; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 2. Deschampsia curtifolia Scribn. (D. brachyphylla Nash, in part.) On wet alpine slopes from Mont. to Colo— Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft.—Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; crater of Mt. Richtofen. 3. Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. In wet meadows and swamps from Newf. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft—-Twin Lakes; George- town; Pagosa Springs; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co.; Hamor’s Lake; North Park; Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Ruxton Park; Grizzly Creek; Steamboat Springs; Silver Plume; Pike’s Peak; Como; North Park; Deadman Cajfion; near Chambers’ Lake; Fort Collins; Barnes’ Camp; Ragged Mountains, Gun- nison Co.; Hahn’s Peak, Routt Co.; summit of North Park Range. 4. Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wahl.) Scheele. In alpine and subarctic meadows from Lab. to Alaska, northern N. Y. and Calif—Alt. about 10,000 ft—Buffalo Pass, near Divide, Routt Co. 33. TRISETUM Pers. Fatse Oats. Leaf-sheaths and blades long-hairy ; upper part at the stem densely pubescent. 1. T. subspicatum. Leaf-sheaths and blades glaborous or the lowest sheath short-pubescent, with reflexed hairs; stem glabrous or slightly scabrous in the inflorescence. Inflorescence long, dense, cylindric; lower empty glume only slightly narrower than the upper; leaf-blades not much broader than the sheaths and without conspicuous auricles. 2. T. majus. Inflorescence lanceolate, open; lower empty glume scarcely more than half as broad as the upper; leaf-blades much broader than the sheaths and there- fore with conspicuous auricles at the base. 3. T. montanum. 1. Trisetum subspicatum (L.) Beauv. (T. subspicatum molle Coult.) On mountains and hillsides from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H., Colo. and Calif.; also in northern Europe.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Valley Spur; Seven Lakes; Georgetown; Gray’s Peak; Cameron Pass; Pike’s Peak; Dead 3 34 POACEAE. Lake; Windy Point; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Bartlett; Devil’s Causeway; mountains above Graymont; along the Michigan, North Park; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 2. Trisetum majus (Vasey) Rydb. (T. subspicatum major Vasey; T. sub- spicatum Coult., mainly; not Beauv.) In meadows and on hillsides from Mont. to B. C, Colo. and Utah—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Below Berthoud’s Pass; Middle Park; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Baldy; Pike’s Peak; Marshall Pass; Cumberland Mine; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cameron Pass; Idaho Springs; Georgetown; Cache la Poudre, Larimer Co.; Upper La Plata; Seven Lakes; North Park; Trapper’s Lake; near Chambers’ Lake; along Michigan, North Park; Ute Pass. 3. Trisetum montanum Vasey. In moist places, especially among bushes from southern Wyo. to N. M.—AIt. 7500-10,000 ft—T win Lakes; near Pagosa Peaks; vicinity of Ouray; Minnehaha; Idaho Springs; Ruxton Creek; Villa Grove, Saguache Co.; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass. 34. GRAPHEPHORUM Desv. Empty glumes equal or nearly so, 6-7 mm. long. 1. G. muticum. Empty glumes unequal; the lower 3-4 mm. long, the upper 4-5 mm. Inflorescence open; culm minutely pubescent at the nodes; rachilla short-hairy. 4 z. G. Shearii. Inflorescence narrow; culm perfectly glabrous; rachilla long-hairy. 3. S. Wolf. 1. Graphephorum muticum (Boland.) Scribn. (G. melicoides Coult.; not Beauv.) In wet meadows from Alb. to Wash., Colo. to Calif—AIt. 9000- 10,500 ft.—Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Marshall Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek; Cumbres; Barnes’ Camp; along Walton Creek; Ute Pass road; Cameron Pass. z. Graphephorum Shearii (Scribn.) Rydb. (Trisetum argenteum Scribn.; not R. & S.; T. Shearii Scribn.) Among rocks at an altitude of 9000 ft— Las Animas Cafion, below Silverton. 3. Graphephorum Wolfii Vasey. (T. Wolfii Vasey.) In wet places in wil- low thickets—Alt. about 10,500 ft—Twin Lakes; Cameron Pass. 35. AVENA L. Oats, Oart-crass. Empty glumes shorter than the flowering glumes; panicle lax, narrow and some- what nodding; flowering glume hairy at the base. 1. A. striata. Empty glumes longer than the flowering glumes. Panicle narrow and spike-like, strict; empty glumes 8-14 mm. long; flowering glumes hairy only at the base. Plant 1-1.5 dm. high; leaves strongly involute; callus of the flowering glume and prolongation of the rachilla long-hairy. 2. A, Mortoniana. Plant 2-4 dm. high; leaves mostly flat; callus and prolongation of the rachilla short-hairy. 3. A. americana, Panicle open; empty glume over 2 cm. long; flowering glumes often hairy up to the base of the awn. 4. A. fatua. 1. Avena striata Michx. In woods from N. B. to B. C., Pa. and Colo— Alt. 7000-11,000 ft—Crystal Park; mountains, Larimer Co.; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Pennock’s mountain ranch. POACEAE. BE 2. Avena Mortoniana Scribn. On mountain tops of Colo.—Alt. 13,000- 14,000 ft—Mountains near Silver Plume; Gray’s Peak; Robinson, Summit Co.; Cameron Pass; Beaver Creek; Mt. Garfield. 3. Avena americana Scribn. On ridges and hillsides from Sask. to Alb., S. D. and Colo.—Alt. about 10,000 ft—Ruxton Dell. 4. Avena fatua L. Witp Oats. Naturalized from Europe and Asia, in grain fields from Minn. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 5000 ft—Fort Collins, 36. DANTHONIA DC. Witp Oart-crass, Flowering glume pubescent only on the margin and at the base. Spikelets on slender, spreading and somewhat drooping pedicels; stem leafy throughout. 1. D. californica. Spikelet on short erect pedicels in a dense, spike-like inflorescence; stem naked above. 2. D. intermedia. Flowering glumes hairy on the back as well as on the margins and base; in- florescence spike-like, with short, erect branches. Empty glumes 15-20 mm. long. 3. D. Parryi. Empty glumes 10 mm. or less long. 4. D. spicata. x. Danthonia californica Bolander. In wet meadows from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft-—Steamboat Springs; along the Michi- gan, North Park; pasture, Walton Creek flats; Arapahoe Pass. z. Danthonia intermedia Scribn. In meadows and on mountain slopes from Alb. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 9000-11,500 ft.—Silverton; Red Dirt Divide, Routt Co.; Middle Park; Dead Lake; near Pagosa Peak; Ruxton Dell; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Marshall Pass. 3. Danthonia Parryi Scribn. In mountain valleys from Alb. to N. M— Alt. 8500-10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Empire City; South Park; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Bear Creek Cafion; Georgetown; Ute Pass; Ruxton Dell; Dillon. 4. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. In dry soil from Newf. to B. C., N.C, La. and Colo.—Alt. about 6500 ft—North Cheyenne Cajfion. Tribe 8. CHLORIDEAE. 37. SPARTINA Schreb. Marsu-crass, Corp-crass. First glume awn-pointed, equalling the third; second glume long-awned. 1. S. cynosuroides. First glume acute, shorter than the third; second glume acute. z. S. gracilis. 1. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Willd. In swamps and streams from N. S. to Mackenzie River, N. J., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Near Boulder; Fort Gollins; Tobe Miller’s ranch; Poudre Cafion. 2. Spartina gracilis Trin. In saline or alkaline meadows from Sask. to B. C., Colo. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Grand Junction; Sagauche Creek; Cafion City. 38. BECKMANNIA Host. S.LoucH-crass. 1. Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host. In swamps and wet meadows from Ont. to Alaska, Iowa, Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.——Gunnison ; 36 POACEAE. Wahatoya Creek; Middle Park; near Denver; Trimble Springs; North Park; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Saguache Creek; Fort Collins; Chambers’ Lake; Larimer Co.; Fort Collins. 39. SCHEDONARDUS Steud. Wutp Cras-crass. 1. Schedonardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trelease. (S. Texanus Steud.) In sandy soil, especially on river-banks from Ill. and Man. to Ass., Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Vicinity of Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; vicinity of Pike’s Peak; Arboles; Denver. 40. BOUTELOUA Lag. Grama, MEsQuit-crRass. Spikelets usually more than one; cespitose perennials. Awns manifestly arising from between the lobes of the flowering glumes. 1. B. polystachya. Awns terminating the lobes of the flowering glumes. Stem densely villous below. z. B. eriopoda. Stem glabrous. Rachilla bearing the rudimentary glumes and awns glabrous; second glume strongly papillose-hispid on the keel. 3. B. hirsuta. Rachilla bearing the rudimentary glumes and awns with a tuft of long hairs at the apex; second glume scabrous and sparingly long-ciliate on the keel. 4. B. oligostachya. Spikelet solitary; tufted annual. 5. B. prostrata. 1. Bouteloua polystachya (Benth.) Torr. In river-valleys from Tex. to Calif—San Juan and Mancos Valleys (Brandegee). 2. Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. In dry soil from Tex. to Calif—San Juan Valley (Brandegee). 3. Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. On plains and prairies, especially in sandy soil, from Ill. and Minn. to S. D., Tex. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Vicinity of Boulder; Twin Lakes; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Meadow Park. 4. Bouteloua oligostachya (Nutt.) Torr. On plains and prairies from Wis. and Man. to Ass., Miss. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Vicinity of Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Buena Vista; Fort Collins; Denver; Mancos; Durango; Fort Morgan; Georgetown; Walsenburg; Gunnison; Col- orado Springs; Twin Lakes; Fort Garland; between Ft. Collins and La Porte; Alamosa; Poudre Cafion; Baxter’s ranch; prairie near Long Lake; Rocky Ford. 5. Bouteloua prostrata Lag. Plains and hills from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 7500-8500 ft—Colorado Springs; vicinity of Ouray; Manitou. . 41. ANTHEROPOGON Muhl. 1. Antheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) Fourn. (Bouteloua racemosa Lag.) On hillsides, in cafions and dry valleys from Ont. to N. D., N. J., Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Vicinity of Boulder; Mani- tou; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Meadow Park; Durango; Walsenburg; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Poudre Cajfion. POACEAE. 37 42. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. 1. Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth. In fields from Va. to Colo, Fla. and Calif—Locality not given (Letterman). 43. BULBILIS Raf. Burrato-crass. 1. Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.) Raf. (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.) On prairies and plains from Minn. to N. D., Wyo., Ark. and N. Mex.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Vicinity of Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; plains near Denver; Fossil Creek, Larimer Co.; Fort Collins; Quimby ; Spring Cafion. Tribe 9. FESTUCEAE. 44. SCHLEROPOGON Phillippi. 1. Schleropogon brevifolius Phillippi. On rocky ridges from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Pueblo. 45. PHRAGMITES Trin. Rexp. 1. Phragmites Phragmites (L.) Karst. (P. communis Trin.) In lakes and swamps from Newf. to B. C., Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex., W. Ind, Europe and Asia—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; LaSalle; Deer Run; Loveland, Larimer Co.; along lower Cucharas River. 46. MUNROA Torr. Fase BurFFALo-GRASS. 1. Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr. On dry plains from N. D. to Ass., Tex. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Boulder City; Fort Collins; plains near Denver; Manitou; Black Cafion; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Golden; Idaho Springs; Colorado Springs; Salida; valley north of Georgetown; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Florence; Boulder; Lafayette. 47. TRIPLASIS Beauv. SaAnp-crass. 1. Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. On sandy beaches from Ont. to Neb., Fla. and Tex.—Locality not given (Hall and Harbour). — 48. DASYOCHLOA Willd. 1. Dasyochloa pulchella (H. B. K.) Willd. (Triodia pulchella Willd.) On hills and plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Calif.; also in Mex.—San Juan Valley (Brandegee). 49. ERIONEURON Nash. 1. Erioneuron pilosum (Buckley) Nash. (Triodia acuminata Benth.) In dry, gravelly soil from Kans. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.— Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Delta; Grand Junction; Cafion City; Pueblo; Royal Gorge; dry mesas, 9 miles above Delta. 38 POACEAE. 50. TRIDENS R. & S. Second empty glume 1-nerved. 1. T. muticus. Second empty glume 3-5-nerved. 2. T. elongatus. 1. Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash. (Tvriodia mutica Benth.) On dry hills from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz.; also northern Mex.—Cajfion City (Porter). 2. Tridens elongatus (Buckley) Nash. On plains and prairies from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz—Alt. about 5500 ft—Pueblo; Cafion City. 51. DIPLACHNE Beauv. 1. Diplachne acuminata Nash. In wet places from Ark. to Neb. and Colo. —Alt. 4000-5500 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City. 52. REDFIELDIA Vasey. 1. Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey. (Graphephorum flexuosum Thurb.) In sand-hills from S. D. to Ind. Terr. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Sterling, Logan Co.; Fort Garland. 53. KOELERIA Pers. PratRIE-GRASS, JUNE-GRASS. 1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. On prairies and plains from Ont. to B. C, Pa. and Calif. A very variable species and perhaps a composite one. The form common in the Rocky Mountain region has narrow, involute, glabrous or puberulent leaves and narrow panicle, and has been described under the name K. nitida Nutt.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Middle Park; Pagosa Springs; vicinity of Boulder; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Arboles; Gunnison; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Golden; Twin Lakes; Mancos; Crystal Park; Minnehaha; Cimarron; vicinity of Ouray; near Pike’s Peak; Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co.; La Veta; Manitou; North Park; Happy Hollow; Hotchkiss; Horse- tooth Gulch; Table Rock; Manitou Junction; Dixon Cafion; hills about Dolores; dry hills along Trail Creek; Como; Grizzly Creek; Fort Collins; Hardin’s ranch; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 54. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. SKuNxK-cRASS, STINK-GRASS. Culm often decumbent at the base, much branched, 1-5 dm. high; annuals; panicle green. Spikelets 1.5 mm. or less wide; palet remaining attached to the continuous rachis, after the flowering glume has fallen. u BL Purshtt. Spikelets 2.5-5 mm. wide; palet falling with the flowering glume and the inter- nodes of the rachis. 2, E. major. Culm erect, rigid, simple; perennial; panicle purple. 3. E. pectinacea. 1. Eragrostis Purshii Schrad. In dry or sandy places from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Alamosa, Conejos Co.; Cafion City, Fre- mont Co.; along the river, Ft. Collins. z. Eragrostis major Host. (E. poaeoides megastachya A. Gray.) Natural- ized from Europe, in waste places and fields from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Vicinity of Boulder; Longmont; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cafion City, Fremont Co.; Cheyenne Mountain; Tobe Miller’s ranch; near Ft. Collins. POACEAE. 39 3. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Steud. In sandy soil from Mass. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Meadow Park. 55. CATABROSA Beauv. Water WuorL-GRASS. 1. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. In water, where it is often floating, from Lab. to Alaska, Nebr., Colo, and Utah—Alt. 5000-9500 ft.—Sangre de Cristo Creek; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Fort Collins; Breckenridge; near Gray’s Peak; gulch west of Pennock’s. 56. EATONIA Raf. Second empty glume much wider than the flowering glumes, rounded or truncate and somewhat cucullate at the apex. Intermediate nerves of the second glume almost as prominent as the lateral ones; leaf-blades firm, much broader than the sheaths and therefore with prominent auricles. 1. EB. robusta. Intermediate nerves of the second glume faint, the lateral strong; leaf-blades soft, not much wider than the sheaths; auricles not prominent. 2. E. obtusata. Second empty glume not much wider if at all than the flowering glumes, obtuse or acute. Second empty glumes rather firm, as well as the flowering glumes obtusish. 3. E. intermedia. Second empty glume thin and with a broad, scarious margin, acutish; flower- ing glumes acute. 4. E. pennsylvanica. 1. Eatonia robusta (Vasey) Rydb. (E. obtusata robusta Vasey.) On river-banks from Neb. to Wash., N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Vicin- ity of Boulder; Rocky Ford. 2. Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) A. Gray. In meadows from Mass. to Mont., Fla. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft——About Boulder; Manitou; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; near Timnath; Fort Collins; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 3. Eatonia intermedia Rydb. In meadows from Alb. to Colo.—Alt. 5000- 8000 ft.—Pagosa Springs; Durango; Gunnison. 4. Eatonia pennsylvanica (DC.) A. Gray. In open woods and among bushes from N. B. to B. C., Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Vicinity of Pike’s Peak; Arboles; Pagosa Springs; Alamosa. 57. MELICA L. Metic-crass. Stem not bulblike-thickened at the base. 1. M. parviflora. Stem bulblike-thickened at the base. Second empty glume much shorter than the flowering glume of the lowest flower; spikelets flattened. 2. M. spectabilis. Second empty glume about equalling the flowering glume of the lowest flower ; spikelets terete or nearly so. 3. M. bulbosa. 1. Melica Porteri Scribn. (M. parviflora (Porter) Scribn.) On hillsides and in cafions, especially among bushes, from Neb. to Colo., Tex. and Ariz. —AIlt. 6000-9000 ft.—Cheyenne Cafion; mountains near Pagosa Peak; Engel- mann Cafion; vicinity of Ouray; Idaho Springs; Glen Eyrie; Upper La Plata; vicinity of Pike’s Peak; Black Cafion; Manitou; vicinity of Pine Grove. 40 POACEAE. z. Melica spectabilis Scribn. In meadows from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Oregon.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft-—Honnold; North Park; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; mountain west of Cameron Pass. 3. Melica bulbosa Geyer. In meadows and on hillsides from Mont. to Wash., Colo., Utah and Ore.—Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co.; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. Osterhout’s specimens (somewhat undeveloped) have unusually broad leaves and may belong to the closely related M. californica Scribn. 58. DACTYLIS L. OrcHarp-crRAss. 1. Dactylis glomerata L. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe; in fields and waste places from N. B. to Wash., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Cucharas River, below La Veta; Chicken Creek; Veta Pass, Costilla Co.; Fort Collins. 59. BRIZA L. QUAKING-GRASS. 1. Briza maxima L. Introduced ornamental grass, and escaped along irri- gation ditches——Alt. about 7500 ft—Gunnison. 60. DISTICHLIS Raf. Satt-crass, MarsH SPIKE-GRASS. 1. Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. (D. maritima stricta Thurber.) In salt marshes from Sask. to Wash., Mo., Tex. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft.— Grand Junction; Deer Run; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Denver; Fort Collins; Saguache Creek; Alamosa; Pueblo; Rocky Ford. 61. POA L. Btue-crass, Mreapow-crass, BUNCH-GRASS. Annuals. I. ANNuAE. Perennials. Cobweb at the base of the flowers present, although in some species scant; flowering glume acute (except in P. compressa), and usually strongly keeled; plants with horizontal rootstocks, never true bunch-grasses. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes strong. Inflorescence with numerous many-flowered spikelets; its branches in fruit ascending; the lower in 3’s or 4’s; flowering glumes acutish; cobweb copious. II. PRATENSES. Inflorescence with usually few-flowered spikelets; its branches reflexed or spreading in fruit; flowering glumes very acute. Spikelets few and usually purplish; branches of the inflorescence few, solitary or in pairs, only in P. callichroa in 3’s. III. REFLEXAE. Spikelets many, green; branches of the inflorescence many; the lower often in 3’s or 4’s. IV. PLatyPHYLLAE, Intermediate veins of the flowering glumes faint or obsolete. Stem compressed; panicles narrow, open. V. CoMPRESSAE, Stem not compressed. Branches of the panicles reflexed. VI. APERTAE. Branches of the large panicle not reflexed. Flowers green; nerves of the empty glumes strong; meadow species with flaccid leaves. VII. SEROTINAE, Flowers more or less purplish; nerves of the empty glumes usually faint; hill species with rather stiff leaves. VIII. Rupicovar. Cobweb at the base of the flowers none. POACEAE. 41 Spikelets rounded at the base; empty glumes very broad and their backs strongly arched; low, somewhat tufted plants, with short but open panicle and broad leaves. IX. ALPINAE. Spikelets acute at the base; empty glumes narrower and not strongly arched on the back. Flowering glumes 3-4 mm. long; low alpine plants with few, more or less purplish spikelets. Branches of the inflorescence ascending. VIII. Ruprcovae. Branches of the inflorescence spreading or reflexed. (P. alpicola in) III. ReEFvexae. Flowering glumes 5 mm. or more; plants comparatively tall or robust. Spikelets decidedly flattened; flowering glumes acute. Nerves and inter-nerves more or less hairy, at least below; flowers perfect. Inflorescence open; plants with horizontal rootstocks; innovations (i. «., new shoots) extra-vaginal (except in P. pseudopratensis). Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes faint; spikelets pur- plish. X. PHOENICEAE. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes strong; spikelets green or slightly purple-tinged. XI. WHEELRIANAE. Inflorescence narrow; plants more or less tufted, without creeping rootstock. Leaves not filiform; innovations mostly extra-vaginal. XII. Erires, Leaves filiform; plant true bunch-grasses with intra-vaginal inno- vations. XIII. Frurroviae. Nerves of the flowering glumes villous, but the inter-nerves glabrous; plants dioecious; bunch-grasses with intra-vaginal innovations. XIV. FENDLERIANAE, Spikelets only slightly flattened; flowering glumes narrow, nearly straight on the back, rounded at the apex; bunch-grasses with narrow panicles and intra-vaginal innovations. XV. BUCKLEYANAE. I. ANNUAE, Low, 1-2 dm. high; branches of the panicle spreading. 1. P. annua. Taller, erect, 2-5 dm. high; branches of the panicle erect. z P, Bigelovii. II. PrRATENSES. One very variable species. 3. P. pratensis. TIT. REFLEXAE. Cobweb present but scant. Internerves of the flowering glumes more or less pubescent, at least below. Spikelets 3-4-flowered; stem-leaves usually folded or involute; plant usually less than 3 dm. high. Internerves of the flowering glumes short-pubescent below; leaves filiform, involute; those of the sterile shoots usually arcuate. 4. P. cenisia. Internerves of the flowering glumes long-hairy; leaves 1-2 mm. wide, usu- ally conduplicate, rather firm. 5. P. arctica. Spikelets 5-7-flowered; leaves all flat, 3-4 mm. wide; stem fully 3 dm. high. 6. P. callichroa. Internerves of the flowering glumes glabrous. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes pubescent; plant 3 dm. or less high; leaves mostly basal, firm; stemleaves 1-2, usually conduplicate. 7. P. pudica. Intermediate nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous; plant usually over 3 dm. high; stemleaves several, flat and flaccid. Hairs of the mid-nerves and lateral nerves copious and spreading. 8. P. reflexa. 42 POACEAE. Hairs of the mid-nerves and lateral nerves few and appressed or none. 9. P. leptocoma. Cobweb lacking; internerves and the intermediate nerves glabrous ; mid-nerves and lateral nerves hairy; habit like P. arctica. 1o. P. alpicola. IV. PLATYPHYLLAE. One species. 11. P. platyphylla. V. CoMPRESSAE. One species. 12. P. compressa. VI. APERTAE. Branches of the inflorescence short, usually in pairs. 13. P. aperta. Branches of the inflorescence very long, in 3’s to 5’s. 14. P. macroclada. VII. SEROTINAE. Stem stout; leaves 2-5 mm. wide; ligule 3-4 mm. long, triangular; branches of the panicle at last spreading; second glume narrower than the flowering glumes, % as long or more. 15. P. serotina. Stem slender; leaves seldom over 2 mm. wide; ligule about 1 mm. long, truncate ; branches of the panicle ascending; second glume as wide as the flowering glumes and % as long. Flowers green; empty glumes, especially the second, with broad, scarious mar- gins and strong lateral nerves. 16. P. interior. Flowers usually purple-tinged; scarious margin of the empty glumes scarcely evident and lateral nerves faint. ry. PF. erocata. VIII. Rupicovae. Mid-nerve and lateral nerves of the flowering glumes pubescent; plant strict, 1-5 dm. high. Empty glumes shorter than the flowering glumes; their lateral nerves indis- tinct. Cobweb at the base of the flowers scant; stem slender and leafy, usually 3-5 dm. high. 17. P. crocata. Cobweb none; stem 1-2 (seldom 3) dm. high, leafy mostly at the base. Flowering glumes 3 mm. long or less, firm, obtuse. 18. P. rupicola. Flowering glumes about 4 mm. long, acute, thin. 19. P. Pattersonit. Empty glumes equalling or longer than the flowering glumes, i. e., their tips almost as high as the tip of the subtended flowers; their lateral nerves more prominent. 20. P. Grayana. Nerves of the flowering glumes glabrous; plant seldom over 5 cm. high. 21. P. Lettermanii. IX. ALPINAE. One species. 22. P. alpina. X. PHOENICEAE. One species. 23. P. phoenicea. XI. WHEELERIANAE. Leaf-sheaths retrorsely stigose. Internerves of the very acute flowering glumes merely strigulose or scabrous. Nerves scabrous. 24. P. Wheeleri. Nerves silky or villous on the lower portion. 25. P. Vaseyana. Internerves as well as nerves of the obtusish flowering glumes villous at least below. 26. P. tricholepis. Leaf-sheaths glabrous. Internerves of the lanceolate flowering glumes scabrous or strigulose; innova- tions very few and consisting of wholly extravaginal runners. 27. P. occidentalis. POACEAE. 43 Internerves of the ovate flowering glumes pubescent; innovation several, both extra- and intra-vaginal. 28. P. pseudopratensis. XII. Epes. Flowering glumes about 5 mm. long, strongly purple-tinged, but slightly scabrous; stem-leaves broad. 29. P. subpurpurea. Flowering glumes about 4 mm. long or less, usually greenish or slightly purple; stem-leaves narrow. 30. P. epilis. XIII. Firrrortac. One species. gi. P. nematophylla. XIV. FENDLERIANAE. Ligules 5-7 mm. long, acute or acuminate. 32. P. longiligula. ares short, rounded or truncate at the apex; those of the innovations obso- ete. Panicle very narrow and long-peduncled, contracted. 33. P. longipedunculata. Panicle more open at least in anthesis. Flowering glumes narrowly oblong; leaves very slender and rough. 34. P. scabriuscula. Flowering glumes ovate. Panicle very short; plant low; leaves smooth below, scabrous above. 35. P. brevipaniculata. Panicle longer; plant 3-6 dm. high; leaves scabrous below, hispid-puberu- lent above. 36. P. Fendleriana. XV. BucKLEYANAE. Internerves of the flowering glymes glabrous; nerves silky. Plant low; leaves stiff, involute and often arcuate. 40. P. juncifolia. Plant tall; leaves broad and flat. 37. P. glaucifolia. Internerves of flowering glumes more or less scabrous or strigose. Flowering glumes merely scabrous throughout. Empty glumes strongly nerved, elongated lanceolate, almost equalling the oblong, very scabrous flowering glumes; leaves usually broad (2-3 mm.) and flat; ligules lanceolate, acute. 38. P. nevadensis. Empty glumes not strongly nerved, ovate-lanceolate, usually much shorter than the flowering glumes, which are broader and less scabrous. Ligules narrowly lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long, acuminate; stem-leaves very narrow and involute. 39. P. laevigata. Ligules short, 1-2 mm. long, triangular or broadly ovate and acutish or truncate. Plant 2-4 dm. high; leaves mostly basal and stiff, short, seldom 8 cm. long; ligules rounded. 40. P. juncifolia. Plant 4-10 dm. high, leafy throughout; leaves longer. Ligules ovate or rounded, acute or obtuse; leaves soft. 41. P. confusa. Ligules very short, truncate; leaves rather firm. 42. P. truncata. Flowering glumes more or less strigose on the lower portion, scabrous above. Flowering glumes not longer than the empty glumes, ovate; pubescence much longer on the nerves. 43. P. pratericola. Flowering glumes oblong, longer than the empty glumes; pubescence on the nerves scarcely stronger than that on the internerves. Ligules ovate or rounded, obtuse or acutish. 41. P. confusa. Ligules lanceolate, acuminate. Plant yellowish green; leaves all filiform, soft and usually involute. 44. P. lucida. Plant dark green, leaves broader, flat or conduplicate; at least those of the stem firm. Creeping rootstock none; panicle dense; flowering glumes greenish at the base and purple above; leaves usually narrow and con- duplicate. 45. P. Buckleyana. 44 POACEAE. Creeping rootstock often present; panicle narrow and usually lax; flowering glumes if at all purplish only slightly so at the very tip; leaves flat. 46. P. Sheldonii. 1. Poa annua L. In waste and cultivated places, from Lab. and B. C. to Ga. and Calif.; also in Mex. Naturalized from Europe.—Alt. up to gooo ft. —Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango. 2. Poa Bigelovii V. & S. From Tex. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 6000 ft—‘ Colorado,” locality not given; Colorado Springs; along Purgatoire River, near Trinidad. 3. Poa pratensis L. In meadows from Lab. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif.; also native of Europe and Asia.—Alt. 4000-11,500 ft—Mountains northeast of Dolores; Fort Collins; Marshall Pass; Manitou; Villa Grove; Beaver Creek; Dead Lake; Crystal Park; mountains near Pagosa Peak; vicinity of Ouray; Cameron Cafion; Pagosa Springs; Happy Hollow; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Sangre de Cristo Creek; La Plata Cafion; Parrott City; Pass Creek; Cascade Cafion; Quimby; along Conejos River, north of Antonito. 4. Poa cenisia All. (Poa flexuosa Wahl.) In wet places in arctic or alpine regions from Greenl. to Alaska; also in Colo.—Alt. about 10,500 ft—Moun- tains near Pagosa Peak. 5. Poa arctica R. Br. In wet places in arctic or alpine regions along the arctic coast and Alaska, the Canadian Rockies and Colo.—Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft—Gray’s Peak; Mt. Bartlett; Saddle, Pike’s Peak; mountains near Pagosa Peak; Chambers’ Lake. 6. Poa callichroa Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. about 11,500 ft— Dead Lake; Campton’s Ranch. 7. Poa pudica Rydb. (P. arctica Scribn.; in part.) In wet places in alpine or subalpine Colo.—Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft—High mountains about Empire; near Pagosa Peak; Stephen’s Mine. 8. Poa reflexa V. & S. In wet meadows from Mont. and Ore. to N. Mi— Alt. 8000-13,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Seven Lakes; Silver Plume; high moun- tains about Empire; Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass; near Teller, North Park; Upper La Plata River; near Pagosa Peak; Democrat Mountain; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pass Creek; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cham- bers’ Lake; Ute Pass road; Four-Mile Hill. g. Poa leptocoma Bong. In wet meadows from Mont. and Alaska to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8500-12,500 ft—Villa Grove; Pike’s Peak Valley; chaparrel- covered hills southeast of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Columbine; Chicken Creek; Upper La Plata River; Ruby; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains. to. Poa alpicola Nash. (Poa laxa Thurb.) In wet places on the alpine peaks of Colo. and Utah; perhaps also Calif—Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft——Long’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Bottomless Pit, near Pike’s Peak; top of Mt. Hayden; Estes Park; Gray’s Peak. 11. Poa platyphylla Nash & Rydb. (Poa occidentalis Vasey.) Along mountain streams of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 7o000-10,500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Veta Pass; Cucharas River, near La Veta; Ojo; Wahatoya Cafion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; POACEAE. 45 Beaver Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe’s Gulch; Happy Hollow; Brantly Cafion; Rabbit-ears, Larimer Co. 12. Poa compressa L. In woodlands, among bushes and in cultivated places from N. H. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif—Alt. up to 9500 ft.—Veta Pass, Costilla Co. 13. Poa aperta Scribn. In the mountains of Colo—Telluride; about Ouray; Breckenridge. 14. Poa macroclada Rydb. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 9000 ft.— Rogers. 15. Poa serotina Ehr. In wet meadows and swamps from Newf. and B. C. to N. J. and Calif.; also in Europe.—Alt. 4000-9500 ft—-New Windsor, Weld Co.; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Mountain View; Fort Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; along Poudre River. 16. Poa interior Rydb. (Poa nemoralis Am. auth.; in part.) In wet mead- ows from the Canadian Rockies and Wash. to N. Mex.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Fort Collins; Ute Pass; Twin Lakes; Estes Park; South Park; Marshall Pass; Beaver Creek; Stove Prairie Hill; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; La Plata Cafion; cafion west of Pennock’s ranch, near Ft. Collins; Table Rock; foot of Mt. Rich- tofen, on Michigan River; Hotchkiss; mountains northeast of Dolores. 17. Poa crocata Mich. (P. caesia strictior A. Gray, and P. nemoralis Am. auth.; in part.) On hills and dryer meadows from Lab. and Alaska to Vt., Minn. and Ariz—Alt. 5000-13,000 ft—Fort Collins; Happy Hollow; near Narrows; Mount Baldy; Barnes’ Camp; foot of Mt. Richtofen, North Park; South Park; Ruxton Creek; Robinson, Summit Co.; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; near Georgetown; in valley near Empire; mountains near Pagosa Peak; Gentian Ridge; West Spanish Peak; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Graymont; Gunni- son; Cameron’s Cone; Crystal Park; Marshall Pass; Anita Peak; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 18. Poa rupicola Nash. (Poa rupestris Vasey.) On the mountains from Mont. and Ore. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft—South Park; Gray’s Peak; Silver Plume; Pike’s Peak; Seven Lakes; near Pagosa Peak. A form with more hairy glumes has been collected at the following locali- ties: near Manitou; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountain near Veta Pass; mountain meadows, Pike’s Peak; Cameron Pass, above timber line. 1g. Poa Pattersonii Vasey. On the mountain peaks of Colo. and Ariz— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—South Park; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; summit of Mt. Garfield; West Spanish Peak; east of Cameron Pass, above timber line; mountains above Beaver Creek; Como Pass, above timber line. 20. Poa Grayana Vasgy. On the mountains of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. about 13,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak: Peak Slope; Saddle; Devil’s Causeway; Cameron Pass. 21. Poa Lettermannii Vasey. (Poa Brandegei Beal.) On the alpine peaks of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. about 14,000 ft.—Gray’s Peak. 22. Poa alpina L. In wet places on the mountain tops, along streams and 46 POACEAE. in the arctics, from Greenl. and Alaska to Que., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 9o000- 13,000 ft—Cameron Pass; near Pagosa Peak; Tennessee Pass; La Plata Cafion; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; mountains of Estes Park; South Park; Mt. Hesperus; Gray’s Peak; Georgetown; Mt. Harvard; South Park; Mt. Richtofen; bank of Michigan, North Park. 23. Poa phoenicea Rydb. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 12,500 ft— Vicinity of Pike’s Peak: Peak Valley; Windy Point. 24. Poa Wheeleri Vasey. (Poa cuspidata Vasey.) In meadows from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 6000-11,000 ft.——Berthoud’s Pass; Marshall Pass; Ute Pass Road; North Park; Cameron Pass; Rist Cafion; Anita Peak; summit of North Park Range; Rabbit-Ear Range. 25. Poa Vaseyana Scribn. In mountain meadows of Colo.—Alt. 9o000- 10,000 ft.—Silver Plume; Mt. Princeton; near Chambers’ Lake. 26. Poa tricholepis Rydb. Mountain meadows of Colo—Alt. 7500-11,500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; cafions and meadows, west of Ouray. 27. Poa occidentalis (Vasey) Rydb. (Poa flexuosa occcidentalis Vasey.) In the mountains of Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft—-Twin Lakes; Beaver Creek. 28. Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. & Rydb. In wet places from Neb. to S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 4500-6000 ft——Colorado Springs; New Windsor, Weld Co.; along river below Fort Collins. 29. Poa subpurpurea Rydb. (P. purpurascens Vasey; not Sprengel.) In the mountains from Mont. and Wash. to Colo—Cameron Pass. 30. Poa epilis Scribn. In the mountains from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—Buffalo Pass; Silver Plume; Camp Creek; high moun- tains, vicinity of Gray’s Peak; Buena Vista; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Poudre Cafion; Beaver Creek; summit of North Park Range. 31. Poa nematophylla Rydb. Dry hills of Colo.—Meeker, Rio Blanco Co. 32. Poa longiligula Scribn. & Williams. Hillsides and plains from S. D. and Ore. to N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Navajo Cafion; “ Colorado Terr.”; Glenwood Springs; Buena Vista; South Park; Sierra Sangre de Cristo; Black Cafion; Table Rock; Palisades; Horsetooth Gulch; bank of Grizzly Creek; North Park. 33. Poa longipedunculata Scribn. Hills and mountain-sides from Wyo. to N. Mex.—Alt. 5000-12,500 ft—Mountains northeast of Dolores; hills about Trinidad; Rist Cafion; Silver Plume; Gray’s Peak; Graymont; Stove Prairie; Lake Ranch; Bear Creek Divide; Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass; Manitou; Dolores; Veta Mountain; Poverty Ridge; near Pagosa Peak; Ojo; Crystal Park; Los Pinos; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Tur- key Creek and tributaries; West Spanish Peak; West Mancos Cafion; West Indian Creek; plains near Denver; Black Cafion. Poa longipedunculata virescens Williams. Chambers’ Lake; hills about Trinidad. : 34. Poa scabriuscula Williams. Dry mountains of Utah and Colo—Alt. about 8500 ft—South Park. 35. Poa brevipaniculata Scribn. & Williams. Dry meadows and mountain- sides in Colo.—Alt. 5500-10,000 ft——Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Sol- POACEAE. 47 dier Cafion; Mt. Hesperus; Bob Creek; Cripple Creek; river-bluffs north of La Veta; Estes Park; Ojo; Veta Mountain; hills southeast of La Veta; Table Rock; Trinidad; headwaters of Pass Creek; Piney and Beaver Creeks; West Mancos River; Los Pinos; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Seven Lakes; mountains near Veta Pass; Mt. Hesperus; West Indian Creek. Poa brevipaniculata subpallida Williams is a low variety with pale-green color—Rocky Mountains (Hall & Harbour); Bear Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges, east of Middle Park; Stove Prairie Hill. 36. Poa Fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey. Dry hills and table lands from Colo. to N. Mex. and Calif.—Alt. 6000-11,500 ft—Trinidad; Upper LaPlata; Mani- tou; Los Pinos; near Pagosa Peak; near Badito; Colorado Springs. 37. Poa glaucifolia S. & W. Moist banks from S. D. and Mont. to Colo. —Fort Collins and Calloway Hill. 38. Poa Nevadensis Scribn. In dry meadows and on hillsides from Mont. and B. C. to Colo., Nev. and Ore.—Alt. 5000-6500 ft—Gulch west of Sol- dier Cafion; near Fort Collins; dry hills near Wood’s ranch. 39. Poa laevigata Scribn. On dry meadows and hillsides from Mont. and Wash. to Colo.—Alt. 6500-9000 ft—Gunnison; Chester; Iola; Mancos; along the Michigan, North Park; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 40. Poa juncifolia Scribn. Dry hills and plains of Wyo., Utah and Colo. —Middle Park; South Park; Georgetown; Hardin’s ranch. 41. Poa confusa Rydb. Dry meadows and open “ parks” in the mountains from Mont. and Nebr. to Colo— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; dry plains, North Park; Colorado and Wyoming State line; near Ft. Collins. ‘ A form with the glumes slightly strigose below—Clear Lake; George- town. 42. Poa truncata Rydb. Meadows of Colo—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Dillon, Summit Co.; Holdredge Ranch, North Park. 43. Poa pratericola Rydb. & Nash. (P. andina Nutt.) Dry plains and prairies of Nebr., Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-12,000 ft—South Park; Green River; Twin Lakes; La Porte; mountains near Pagosa Peak. 44. Poa lucida Vasey. On dry hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo—Allt. 5000-9000 ft—Twin Lakes; Graymont; South Park; North Park; Colum- bine; vicinity of Ft. Collins; Crystal Creek; La Plata Cafion; Mancos; Hold- redge Meadow, North Park; Beaver Creek Camp. 45. Poa Buckleyana Nash. On dry plains and hills from Nebr., Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. 5000-12,000 ft.—Silver Plume; Buena Vista; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Cimarron; Encampment Meadows; meadow near Pinkhampton; Holdredge Meadow, North Park; Cameron Pass, above tim- ber line; Marshall Pass; mountains above Beaver Creek. 46. Poa Sheldonii Vasey. On dry hills and mountain-sides in Colo.—Alt. 8o00-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Mid- dle Park; along Cottonwood Creek, near Buena Vista; Silver Plume; Mt. Ouray; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; West Mancos Cafion; Bob Creek; Como. 48 POACEAE. 62. PANICULARIA Fabr. Manna-crass, Reep MEApow-GRASs. Spikelets ovate or oblong, 6 mm. or less long. Flowering glumes slightly if at all scarious and entire at the apex. Spikelets 3 mm. long or less; branches of the panicle drooping. 1. P. nervata. Spikelets 4-6 mm. long; branches of the panicle ascending or spreading. z. P. dmericana. Flowering glumes with broad, dentate, scarious margins. Spikelets 4-6-flowered. 3. P. pauciflora. Spikelets 2-3-flowered. 4. P. Holmii. Spikelets linear, 12 mm. or more long. 5. P. borealis. 1. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. (Glyceria nervata Trin.) In wet meadows and swamps from Lab. to B. C., Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex. —Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Manitou; Crystal Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Democrat Mountain; near Pagosa Peak; Pagosa Springs; Dome Rock Val- ley; Placer, Costilla Co.; Bosworth’s ranch; Happy Hollow; Pagosa Springs. z. Panicularia americana (Torr.) MacM. (G. aquatica Coult.; not Smith) In swamps and along streams from N. B. to Alaska, Tenn. and Nev.—Alt. 4ooo-8500 ft.—Mancos; mountains, Larimer Co.; Denver; Fort Collins; Pleasant Grove; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Saguache Creek; LaVeta; Bax- ter’s ranch; cafion west of Palmers Lake; Table Rock; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie; Pagosa Peak. 3. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze. (G. paucifora Presl.) In wet meadows from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 9000-10,500 ft—Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; near Pagosa Peak; Chester; near Chambers’ Lake; east slope of Rabbit-Ear Range; mountains northeast of Dolores; Pagosa Peak. 4. Panicularia Holmii Beal. Dense thickets in Colo.—Alt. about 8500 ft.— Lamb’s ranch, Long’s Peak (Beal). 5. Panicularia borealis Nash. In shallow water from Me. to Alaska, N. Y., Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 5000-8500 ft—Cerro Summit; Buffalo Pass Road, Routt Co.; Boulder. 63. PUCCINELLIA Parl. Merapow-crass. i. Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. & Coult. (Glyceria distans Coult.; in part.) In wet meadows, especially in alkaline soil, from Man. to Macken- zie River, B. C, Kans. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft—Buena Vista; Iola; Gunnison; Fort Collins; South Park; Durango; Alpine Tunnel; Saguache Creek; Doyle’s; Georgetown; Colorado Springs; Walsenburg; Boulder; Longmont. 64. FESTUCA L. FeEscuer-crass. Empty glumes firm, the second 3-5-nerved. Annuals or biennials; stamens 1-2. Spikelets 7-12-flowered; awn not much exceeding the flowering glume in length, often much shorter. 1. F. octoflora. Spikelets 1-7-flowered; awn much longer than the body of the flowering glume. 2. F. microstachys. Perennials; stamens 3. POACEAE, 49 Leaves 4 mm. or more wide, flat; culm from a rootstock or with stolons. Awns long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glumes; empty glumes narrowly lanceolate; branches of panicle reflexed or spreading. 3. F. Jonesii. Awns, if any, very short; branches of the panicle ascending. Glumes narrowly lanceolate, acuminate and awn-pointed; spikelets 3-4- flowered. 4. F. fratercula. Glumes broadly lanceolate, abruptly acute; spikelets 5—9-flowered. 5. F. elatior. Leaves (at least those of the sterile shoots) 2 mm. or less wide, strongly involute. Culm from a rootstock or with stolons; sterile shoots mostly extra-vaginal. Body of the flowering glume 5-6 mm. long; stem-leaves firm and often flat; spikelets 4~10-flowered. 6. F. rubra. Body of the flowering glume 4 mm. long; leaves very narrow and soft; spikelets 2-3-flowered. 7. F. Earlei. Culm densely tufted, no rootstock; sterile shoots mostly intra-vaginal. Flowering glumes (without the awns) 3-4 mm. long, not twice as long as the first glume; plants 1-2 (rarely 3) dm. high; inflorescence spike- like. Flowering glumes lanceolate, long-acuminate and long-awned; panicle dense; leaves short and firm. 8. F. brachyphylla. Flowering glumes oblong-lanceolate, abruptly contracted into a short awn; panicle lax; leaves filiform and soft. 9. F. minutiflora. Flowering glumes (without the awns) 5-8 mm. long, more than twice as long as the first glume. Basal sheaths short; blades of stem-leaves rarely 8 cm. long. Awns short, less than half as long as the glumes; inflorescence usually dense and its branches very short. 10. F. pseudovina. Awns long, nearly equalling to much exceeding the body of the glumes in length; inflorescence open and branches more slender. 11. F. ingrata. Basal sheath long and loose; blades of stem-leaves usually over 1 dm. long; inflorescence narrow and awn short. 12. F. arizonica. Empty glumes thin, ovate-lanceolate, more or less scarious ; second glume 1-nerved or 3-nerved only at the base; culms densely tufted with numerous basal sheaths. Ligules long and acuminate ; inflorescence open. 13. F. Thurberi. Ligules short and rounded; inflorescence narrow and spikelike. 14. F. confinis. 1. Festuca octoflora Walt. (F. tenella Willd.) In dry, sandy soil from Que. to B. C., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Veta Pass; Walsenburg; Denver; Wray; Quimby; Horsetooth Gulch; Palisades. 2. Festuca microstachys Nutt. In sandy soil from Ida. to B. C., Colo., Ariz. and Calif—“‘ Western Colorado.” 3. Festuca Jonesii Vasey. In woods from Mont. to B. C., Colo., Utah and Wash.—*“ Western Colorado.” 4. Festuca fratercula Rupr. On open hillsides, in cafions and meadows from Colo. to Arizona and Mex.—Alt. 7500-9500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; cafions and adjoining meadows, west of Ouray. 5. Festuca elatior L. In field, among bushes and in waste places from N. Sc. to Wash., ‘N. C. and Calif. Cultivated and naturalized from Europe. —Alt. up to 5000 ft—Fort Collins; Durango. 4 50 POACEAE. 6. Festuca rubra L. In meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. C. and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. up to 5000 ft—Ft. Collins. 7. Festuca Earlei Rydb. In cafions of Colo—Alt. about 9500 ft—LaPlata Cafion. 8. Festuca brachyphylla Schultes. (F. orina, brevifolia S. Wats.) In arctic-alpine localities, in rather barren soil, from Greenl. to Alaska, Vt. and Calif—Alt. 9500-14,500 ft—Gray’s Peak; Mt. Lincoln; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Cumberland Mine; Cameron Pass; Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Lincoln; Mt. McClellan; high mountains near Clear Creek; Beaver Creek; mountains northeast of Boreas; mountain above Barnes’ Camp. g. Festuca minutiflora Rydb. On alpine peaks in Colo. and Calif—aAlt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Manitou; Mt. Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Como; Tennessee Pass; Mt. Lincoln; Cameron Pass; Moun- tains northeast of Boreas. to. Festuca pseudovina Hackel. On dry hillsides and mountains from Sask. to B. C., Mich. and Colo.; also in Europe.—Alt. 9000-12,500 ft.—Bert- houd’s Pass; Cameron Pass; Dead Lake; Mount Garfield; Beaver Creek; Poverty Flats; Palsgrove Cafion; Happy Hollow; near Teller, North Park; Chambers’ Lake; Twin Lakes; mountains above Clear Creek; Veta Pass; Ute Pass road; Boreas; mountains northwest of Boreas. 11. Festuca ingrata (Hack.) Rydb. (F. ovina of western reports and F. ovina ingrata Hack.) On hillsides and in dryer meadows from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 3000-12,000 ft—Grizzly Creek; Chicken Creek; Mount Garfield; Rabbit-Ear Pass; North Park; Wolcott, Eagle Co.; Barnes’ Camp; along the Michigan, North Park; Beaver Creek; Como; near Monument; flats along Elk River; Campton’s ranch; grass plot, Ft. Collins; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co.; Willow Creek, Routt Co. Festuca ingrata nudata (Vasey) Rydb. (F. ovina nudata Vasey) is a variety with narrower panicle, longer basal leaves, nearly naked stem and glabrous glumes——Middle Park; North‘Park. 12. Festuca arizonica Vasey. (Including F. Vaseyana Hack.) On rocky slopes from Colo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—George- town Pass; Twin Lakes; Pagosa Springs; West Mancos Cafion; foot-hills east of Mancos; Cottonwood Lake; Democrat Mountain; Idaho Springs; Veta Pass. 13. Festuca Thurberi Vasey. (S. scabrella Vaseyana Hack.) On hill- sides in Colo. and southern Wyo.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Mt. Lincoln; Veta Pass; vicinity of Pike’s Peak; Cimarron; Grizzly Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Front Range, Larimer Co.; foot-hills east of Mancos; West Mancos Cafion; Dark Cafion; Chicken Creek; Beaver Creek; North Park; Sangre de Cristo Creek; South Park; Argentine Pass; Happy Hollow; Hahn’s Peak. 14. Festuca confinis Vasey. (Poa Kingii S. Wats.) In cafions and on hillsides from Mont. to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Stove Prairie Hill and Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Boulder Cafion; Rist Cafion; Happy Hollow; Colorado and Wyoming State line; Beaver Creek. POACEAE. ol 65. BROMUS L. Broom-crass, Cuess. Flowering glumes compressed-keeled. Palet less than 34 as long as the flowering glume. Leaves glabrous; glumes glabrous or merely scabrous. 1. B. polyanthus. Leaves pubescent; glumes hairy at least when young. 2. B. marginatus. Palet more than 34 as long as the glume. 3. B. unioloides. Flowering glumes rounded on the back, at least at the base. Flowering glumes oval or broadly elliptic; second empty glume 5-7-nerved ; first 3-nerved; introduced annuals. Flowering glumes nearly as broad as long, awnless or with a short, dorsal awn. 4. B. brizaeformis. Flowering glumes much longer than broad, always conspicuously awned. Flowering glumes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous; awn much shorter than the flowering glume, nearly erect. 5. B. secalinus. Sheaths pubescent; awn fully as long as the glume, at maturity strongly divergent. 6. B. patulus. Flowering glumes more or less hairy. 7. B. hordeaceus. Flowering glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; second empty glume 3- nerved; first one 1-nerved except in B. Porteri. Awns shorter than the glumes; perennials and all except B. inermis native. Inflorescence more or less drooping. First empty glume 3-nerved. 8. B. Porteri. First empty glume 1-nerved. Flowering glumes evenly pubescent on the back; sheaths densely lanate. 9. B. lanatipes. Flowering glumes ciliate on the margins, glabrous or sparingly hairy on the back; sheaths glabrous or the lower sparingly hirsute. : 10. B. Richardsoni. Inflorescence not dropping. Inflorescence narrow, its branches erect; flowering glumes usually awned. 11. B. Pumpellianus. Inflorescence broad, its branches spreading; flowering glumes usually awnless. 12. B. inermis. Awn longer than the glumes; introduced annuals. Spikelets numerous on slender, recurved, secund pedicels; flowering glumes 8-12 mm. long. 13. B. tectorum. Spikelets few; pedicels not secund; flowering glumes 12-16 mm. long. 14. B. sterilis. 1. Bromus polyanthus Scribn. In meadows from Mont. to Ore., N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 6000-11,500 ft—Trimble Springs; hills above Dix P. O.; Cerro Summit; West Mancos Cafion; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Keblar Pass; Robin- son, Summit Co.; Walsenburg; Veta Pass; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; near Chambers’ Lake; Cameron Pass. 2. Bromus marginatus H. & A. In meadows from Alb. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 5000-6000 ft—Steamboat Springs, Routt Co.; Ft. Collins; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. Bromus marginatus latior Shear is a large variety with large open panicle and longer awns.—Vicinity of Boulder. 3. Bromus unioloides (Willd.) H. B. K. Meadows from Ala. and Calif. to La. and Tex.—Fort Collins; Cherokee Hill. 4. Bromus brizaeformis F. & M. Locally introduced from Mass. to Wash., Del. and Calif. Native of Europe and Asia.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft.—Vicinity of Boulder. : 52 POACEAE. 5. Bromus secalinus L. In waste places and fields from Me. to Wash., Fla. and Calif. Introduced from Europe and Asia—Alt. about 5000 ft——Boulder; Fort Collins. 6. Bromus patulus M. & K. In waste places from Mass. to Wyo., Mo. and Colo. Introduced from Europe.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Fort Collins. 7. Bromus hordeaceus L. (B. mollis L.) In waste places from Me. to Wash., Del., Colo. and Ariz. Introduced from Europe.—Denver. 8. Bromus Porteri (Coult.) Nash. (B. Kalmii Porteri Coult.) On hill- sides and in meadows from Man. to Sask., Alb., Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000- 11,000 ft—About Ouray; West Mancos Cafion; Georgetown; Mancos; Cerro Summit; Arboles; Durango; North Park; Cameron Pass; Stove Prairie Hill; Twin Lakes; Buffalo Peaks; Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Robinson; Clear Creek; Middle Park; Wagon Wheel Gap; Chambers’ Lake; Ft. Col- lins; Four-Mile Hill; Michigan Hill, Cameron Pass; Dolores. g. Bromus lanatipes (Shear) Rydb. (B. Porteri lanatipes Shear.) On hillsides in Colo.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Idaho Springs; Mountain View; Hiawatha; vicinity of Boulder; Lafayette; Empire Pass; Dome Rock Valley; Fort Collins; Poudre Cafion; Rist Cafion; quaking asp grove, west Gunnison Co.; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Hahn’s Peak, Routt Co. 1o. Bromus Richardsonii Link. (B. ciliatus Coult.; not L.) In mead- ows and on hillsides from Sask. to B. C., Colo, Ariz. and Ore.—Alt. 6000-11,000 ft.—Cheyenne Mountain; vicinity of Pike’s Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Pandora; Gunnison; mountains of Larimer Co.; Upper La Plata River; Beaver Creek; about Ouray; Mount Baldy; Ruxton Dell; Estes Park; Colorado Springs; Silver Plume; Marshall Pass; Tobe Miller’s ranch; Moon’s ranch; Happy Hollow; Four-Mile Hill; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; bank of Poudre; Andrew's ranch; western Gunnison Co. 11. Bromus Pumpellianus Scribn. In meadows and on hillsides from Sask. to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—On Grizzly Creek; Veta Pass; Gray’s Peak; Walsenburg; Como; Beaver Creek Camp. Bromus Pumpellianus melicoides Shear is an awnless variety.—Beaver Creek. 12. Bromus inermis Leyss. Escaped occasionally from cultivation from Ohio to Mont. and Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Fort Collins. 13. Bromus tectorum L. In waste places from Mass. to Wash., Va. and Utah. Introduced from Europe——Alt. 5000-6000 ft—Longmont, Boulder Co.; vicinity of Boulder; Fort Collins. 14. Bromus sterilis L. In waste places from Mass. and Ohio to Pa. and Colo. Introduced from Europe and Asia.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Fort Collins; estray in garden plot. Tribe 10. HORDEAE, 66. AGROPYRON. WHEAT-cRASS, QUACK-GRASS. Rachis of the spike breaking up at maturity, the joints falling with the spikelet. 1. A. Scribneri. Rachis of the spike continuous. Cespitose, the innovations intra-vaginal; no horizontal stolons (except in A. arizonicum). POACEAE. 53 Spikelets compressed, remote on the axis; awns divergent. Spikelets erect. 2 A. Vaseyi. Spikelets spreading. Empty glumes acute or obtuse; stem-leaves 3-4, not glaucous.. 3. A. spicatum. Empty glumes acuminate or awn-pointed; stem-leaves 6-7, glaucous. 4. A. arizgonicum. Spikelets subterete, approximate on the rachis or somewhat distant in A. tenerum. Awn strongly divergent. 16. A. Bakeri. Awn erect or none. Awn long, usually longer than the body of the flowering glume. Plant tall, over 3 dm. high, erect or ascending; empty glumes broadest below the middle; spike elongated. Stem stout; spike 7-10 mm. wide, erect but usually unilateral; spikelets (excluding the awns) 12-15 mm. long. 5. A. Richardsoni. Stem slender; spike about 5 mm. wide, usually nodding, seldom uni- lateral; spikelets (excluding the awns) about 1 ecm. long. 6. A. caninum. Plant 2-3 dm. high, densely tufted, decumbent at the base, geniculate; empty glumes broadest above the middle; spike short. 7. A. andinum. Awn short or none. Spike stout and dense, 3-8 cm. long, usually tinged with purple; empty glumes broadest above the middle. 8. A. violaceum. Spike slender and lax, 7-20 cm. long, green; empty glumes broadest below the middle. 9. A. tenerum. Stoloniferous, sometimes slightly tufted; innovations extra-vaginal; flowering glumes acute or merely awn-pointed. Sheath not pubescent. Flowering glumes glabrous or merely scabrous. Spikelets erect, nearly cylindrical or slightly compressed. Leafblades hairy above; empty glumes shorter than the spikelets, which are usually distant. 10. A. lanceolatum. Leafblades scabrous but not hairy, spikelets usually not very lax. Empty glumes nearly equalling the spikelets; spike elongated. 11. A, pseudorepens. Empty glumes half as long as the spikelet; spike short. 12. A. riparium. Spikelets spreading, much flattened. 13. A. occidentale. Flowering glumes densely pubescent. 14. A. molle. Sheaths pubescent; flowering glumes very scabrous or short-pubescent. 15. A. Palmer. 1. Agropyron Scribneri Vasey. On high mountain-tops from Mont. to Colo. and Ariz—Alt. 1I0,000-13,000 ft.—Silver Plume; Gray’s Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Garfield; Bald Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Buena Vista; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; mountains above Beaver Creek. 2. Agropyron Vaseyi S. & S. On dry hills and mountain-sides from Mont. to Ore., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft——Vicinity of Boulder; Ute Pass; Golden; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; foot-hills of Larimer Co. . 3. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Rydb. (A. divergens Nees; A. strigosum Coult.) On dry hills and mountains from Mont. to Wash., Ariz. and Calif. —AlIt. 5000-6500 ft.—Hot Sulphur Springs, Middle Park; along Platte River; 54 POACEAE. Bosworth ranch, Larimer Co.; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co.; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Poudre Cafion; Rist Cafion; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Agropyron arizonicum S. & S. In the mountains from Colo. to Ariz. and Mex.—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—-Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; near Pagosa Peak; Robinson, Summit Co. 5. Agropyron Richardsoni (Trin.) Schrad. (A. unilaterale Cassidy.) In meadows and among bushes from Minn. and Sask. to B. C., Iowa and Colo. —Alt. 7o00-10,000 ft—Veta Pass; Manitou; Graymont; LaPlata Cafion; Crystal Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Dillon; Salida, Chaffee Co.; Twin Lakes; Empire; along the Michigan, North Park; Como; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie. 6. Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. In meadows from N. Sc. to Ida, N. C. and Colo.—Alt. about 7ooo ft—Mancos; North Park; Red Stone. 7. Agropyron andinum (S. & S.) Rydb. (A. violaceum andinum S. & S.) On high mountain-tops from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. about gooo0 ft—Silver Plume; summit of North Park Range. 8. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Vasey. In the mountains from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Utah.—Alt. 6500-12,000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; West Mancos Cafion; Cerro Summit; Crystal Park; Trinidad; near Badito; Green Mountain Falls; Gunnison; Buena Vista; Empire; Ft. Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; La Porte; mountain west of Cameron Pass; Four-Mile Hill; North Park; near Chambers’ Lake; Cameron Pass; Willow Creek and Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. g. Agropyron tenerum Vasey. On hillsides from Lab. to Alaska, N. H., Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Fort Garland; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Colorado Springs; Arboles; Mancos; Fort Collins; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Deer Run; Gunnison; Twin Lakes; Mancos; Soldier’s Cafion. to, Agropyron lanceolatum S. & S. On the plains from Wyo. to Wash. and Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Fort Collins; Calloway Hill; Horsetooth Gulch. 11. Agropyron pseudorepens S. & S. In meadows from Iowa to Alb., N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Clear Creek, near Empire; Kebler Pass; mountains near Pagosa Peak; vicinity of Boulder; Colorado Springs; La Porte; Beaver Creek; Durango; Grizzly Creek; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Pike’s Peak; Fontaine qui Bouille Valley; Veta Pass; Ft. Collins; Gray- mont. 12. Agropyron riparium S. & S. On river banks from Mont. to Colo.— Alt. about 7000 ft-—Colorado Springs. 13. Agropyron occidentale Scribn. (A. repens glaucum Am. auth.) On prairies and plains from Man. and Sask. to Ore., Mo., N. M. and Ariz— Alt. 4000-9500 ft—Veta Pass; Weston’s Pass; Trimble Springs, north of Durango; Longmont, Boulder Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Ft. Morgan; South Park; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Ft. Collins; La Porte. 14.,Agropyron molle (S. & S.) Rydb. In dryer valleys on the plains, especially in alkaline soil, from Sask. to Wash. and N. M—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Weston’s Pass; Arboles; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Mancos ; Cerro Summit; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Wahatoya Creek; Golden; Cafion City, Fremont Co.; North Park; Hardin’s ranch; Ft. Collins. POACEAE. 55 15. Agropyron Palmeri (S. & S.). (4. spicatum Palmeri S. & S.) In the mountains of Colo., N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. up to 7000 ft—Mancos; Ar- boles; Quimby. 16. Agropyron Bakeri E. Nelson. Mountains of southern Colo.—Alt. 9000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak. 67. HORDEUM L. Bartry, SQUIRREL-TAIL. Empty glumes all alike, subulate-filiform. Empty glumes 3-6 cm. long; flowering glume of lateral spikelets long-awned. 1. H. jubatum. Empty glumes 1-2 cm. long; flowering glume of lateral spikelets short-awned or awn-pointed. Lateral spikelets flower-bearing. 2. H. boreale. Lateral spikelets neutral. 3. H. nodosum. Empty glumes of the middle spikelet lanceolate. 4. AH. pusillum. 1. Hordeum jubatum L. On prairies and in meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft—Mancos; Cerro Summit; Ar- boles; vicinity of Boulder; Fort Collins; Fort Morgan; Golden; New Wind- sor; Alpine Tunnel; Ute Pass; Twin Lakes. z. Hordeum boreale S. & S. In meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Wash.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Marshall Pass; South Park; Como; North Park. 3. Hordeum nodosum L. In meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Tex. and Calif.—Alt. 5000-9500 ft—Georgetown; North Park; South Park; Durango; Golden; Twin Lakes; Ft. Collins; Chamber’s Lake. 4. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. In arid valleys from Ill. to Ida., Ga. and Ariz. —Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near the river, east of Ft. Collins; Buckhorn Creek, Larimer Co. 68. SITANION Raf. Some of the empty glumes 2-cleft; lowest flower of one or both spikelets sterile and like the empty glumes, but inserted on a rachilla and falling away with it. Sterile shoots numerous; stem slender; flowering glume 3-awned. 1, S. Hystrix. Sterile shoots few; stem stout; flowering glume 1-awned. 2. S. molle. Empty glumes all entire; lowest flower of both spikelets perfect. Flowering glumes glabrous. Stem-leaves very long, erect, flexuose, strongly involute. 3. S. longifolium. Stem-leaves short, rigid, spreading or divaricate. 4. S. brevifolium. Flowering glumes soft-pubescent. 5. S. pubiflorum. 1. Sitanion Hystrix (Nutt.) Smith. (Ageliops Hystrix Nutt.) On dry shale hills and among sage brush on the plains from Wyo. to Wash. and Colo—Walsenburg; North Park. 2. Sitanion molle J. G. Smith. On moist mountain-sides in Colo.—Alt. 10,500 ft—East side Buffalo Pass, Larimer Co. 3. Sitanion longifolium J. G. Smith. On hillsides and among rocks from Nebr. to Nev., Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 6500-9000 ft.—Villa Grove, Saguache Co.; Denver; Mancos; North Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Hardin’s ranch; Oak Mesa, Delta Co.; Anita Peak, Routt Co. 56 POACEAE. 4. Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith. On hills and mountain-sides from Wyo. to Utah, Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Mancos; Ouray; Mar- shall Pass; vicinity of Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; Twin Lakes; Georgetown; Walsenburg; Colorado Springs; La Veta; vicinity of Ft. Collins; Willow Creek, Routt Co. 5. Sitanion pubiflorum J. G. Smith. On dry hills from Colo. to Ariz. and N. M.—Alt. about 6000 ft—Trinidad. 69. ELYMUS L. Witp Rye, LyME-crass. Flowering glumes long-awned; empty glumes lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the base. Spike broad; spikelets spreading. Flowering glumes hirsute or villose. 1. E. canadensis. Flowering glumes scabrous or strigose-hispidulous or nearly glabrous. Robust; spike usually included at the base; leaves 8-15 mm. wide. 2. E. robustus. Slender; spike exserted; leaves seldom over 5 mm. wide. 3. E. brachystachys. Spike narrow ; spikelets erect. Leaves 7-15 mm. wide, spreading; empty glumes lanceolate, acuminate to short-awned. 4. E. glaucus. Leaves less than 5 mm. wide, usually nearly erect; empty glumes very nar- rowly linear-lanceolate, long-awned. Spike 7-8 mm. thick; awns 30-40 mm. long. 5. E. Saundersit, Spike 5 mm. thick or less; awns 5-10 mm. long. 6. E, Macounii. Flowering glumes awnless or short-awned; empty glumes linear-aristiform or subulate, or if broader not narrowed at the base. Empty glumes aristiform or narrowly subulate. Plant stout, 1-2 m. high; spikelets 2-6 at each joint; flowering glumes acute or very short-awned; in our form scabrous-stigulose. 7. E. condensatus. Plant slender, 3-10 dm. high; spikelets 1-2 at each joint. Flowering glumes broadly lanceolate, acute or minutely awn-pointed, glab- rous; rachis scabrous on the sharp angle; spikelets erect. 8. E. triticoides. Flowering glumes narrowly lanceolate, awned; rachis nearly terete, strigose ; spikelets somewhat spreading. Flowering glumes glabrous. 9. E. ambiguus. Flowering glumes strigose. 10. E. strigosus. Flowering glumes villous. 12. E. villiforus. Empty glumes lanceolate-subulate, tapering from a rather broad base; spike- lets usually singly; flowering glumes glabrous. 11. E. simplex. x. Elymus canadensis L. On river-banks and among bushes from N. S. and Wash. to Ga. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Durango; Fort Collins; along Platte River, near Denver; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Salida, Chaffee Co.; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Black’s Lake. 2. Elymus robustus S. & S. On river-banks from S. D. to Ida., Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft—Idaho Springs; Black Cafion; vicinity of Boulder; Fontaine qui Bouille. 3. Elymus brachystachys Scribn. & Ball. On dry plains and hills from Mich. and S. D. to Tex., N. M. and Utah; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft. —Rist Cafion, Larimer Co.; eastern Colorado; along river, east of Ft. Collins. 4. Elymus glaucus Buckley. (Elymus Sibiricus Thurb.; not L.) In mead- POACEAE. 57 ows and among bushes from Mich. to Alb, B. C., Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 7000-11,000 ft.—Mountains near Pagosa Peak; Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango; about Ouray; Keblar Pass; Villa Grove; Horsetooth Gulch; Ute Pass road; mountains above Cameron Pass; edge of aspen grove, western Gunnison Co. 5. Elymus Saundersii Vasey. On mountains in Colorado—Exact locality not given. 6. Elymus Macounii Vasey. In meadows from Man. and Sask. to Alb., N. Mex. and Utah—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Denver; Durango; Fort Collins; Gunnison; Manitou. 7. Elymus condensatus Presl. On hills and in dryer valleys *from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Grand River at Hot Sulphur Springs; Doyle’s; vicinity of Boulder; Chester, Saguache Co.; Grant Creek; Deadman Cafion; Campton’s ranch; Miller’s ranch, near La Porte. 8. Elymus triticoides Nutt. In meadows and on hillsides from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 6000-9000 ft—Grant Creek; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co.; Georgetown; Barnes’ ranch, Larimer Co.; Rist Cafion. g. Elymus ambiguus Vasey & Scribn. In cafions and on hillsides in Colo. —Alt. 6000-9000 ft.—Penn Gulch; Empire; Fort Garland; Minnehaha; near Manitou; Engelmann Cafion; Rist Cafion, Larimer Co.; near Badito; Art- ists’ Glen; North Cheyenne Cafion; Veta Pass; Campton’s ranch. io. Elymus strigosus Rydb. In the foot-hills and on shale slopes in Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. about 7700 ft—Near Boulder. 11. Elymus simplex S. & W. Dry plains and hills from Wyo. and Colo. to Ore.—Alt. up to 11,000 ft—Robinson, Summit Co. 12. Elymus villiflorus Rydb. On plains and foot-hills of Colo. Apparently the same also in the Black Hills and the Canadian Rockies—AIt. 5000-6000 ft.—Vicinity of Boulder. LOLIUM L. Rye-crass. 1. Lolium perenne L. In waste places and cultivated ground from N. S. to Va., Calif. and Wash.—Ft. Collins. Family 19. CYPERACEAE. Sepce Famity. Flowers of the spikelets perfect or at least one perfect. Glumes of the spikelets 2-ranked. Perianth present, the members bristle-like ; inflorescence axillary. 1. DuLicHium. Perianth wanting; inflorescence in terminal, solitary or umbelled heads. 2. CYPERUS. Glumes of the spikelets spirally imbricated. Base of the style not at all or only slightly thickened, deciduous. Perianth-bristles conspicuously elongated. 3. ERIOPHORUM. Perianth-bristles not conspicuously elongated. 4. SCIRPUS. Base of the styles manifestly swollen, persistent as a tubercle on the achenes. Perianth present; spike solitary. 5. ELEOCHARIS. Perianth wanting; spikelets umbellate. 6. FIMBRISTYLIS. Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Achenes not enclosed in a perigynium; glumes 2-flowered. 7. ELYNA. Achenes enclosed in a perigynium; glumes 1-flowered. 8. CAREX. 58 CYPERACEAE. 1. DULICHIUM L. C. Richard. 1. Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt. In wet and muddy places from N. S. to B. C, Fla. and Tex.—Locality not given. 2, CYPERUS L. Cyperus, GALINGALE, NuT-cRrAss, Papyrus. Rachis persistent. Annuals. Glumes awned or mucronate. 1. C. inflexus. Glumes acute, neither awned nor mucronate. 2. C. acuminatus. Perennials. Glumesy tipped with a curved or bent awn. 3. C. Fendlerianus. Glumes blunt or merely mucronate. 4. C. Bushii. Rachis deciduous above the two empty glumes. 5. C. filiculmis. a. Cyperus inflexus Muhl. In wet, sandy soil from Vt. to B. C., Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex.—Alt. 5000-6500 ft.—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ft. Collins; along Platte River, near Denver; Cafion City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Arkansas River; along Poudre River. 2. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. In wet soil from Ill. to Ore., La. and Calif—Exact locality not given. 3. Cyperus Fendlerianus Boeckl. In wet soil from Tex. to Colo., Ariz. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Arkansas Cajfion. 4. Cyperus Bushii Britt. (C. Schweinitzii Coult.; not Torr.) In sandy soil from Wisc. to Ore. Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 {ft.—Denver; Meadow Park. 5. Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. In dry fields and on hills from N. H. to Minn., Fla. and Tex.—Alt. about 5500 ft—Colorado Springs. 3. ERIOPHORUM L. Corron-crass. Achenes obovoid, obtuse. Glumes ovate-lanceolate; achenes light brown. 1. E. polystachyon. Glumes oval or ovate, obtuse; achenes dark brown, almost black. 2. E. ocreatum. Achenes linear-oblong, acute. 3. E. gracile. 1. Eriophorum polystachyon L. In bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 4o00-11,500 ft—Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango; Seven Lakes; West Cliff; Estes Park, Larimer Co. 2. Eriophorum ocreatum A. Nels. In bogs of Wyo. and Colo—Twin Lakes. 3. Eriophorum gracile Koch. In bogs from Newf. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif—Estes Park, Larimer Co. 4. SCIRPUS L. Butt-rusu, CLus-rusH. Involucre of a single bract or wanting. Spikelets solitary, rarely 2 together; plants dwarfed. Annuals; bristles none. a. S. coloradensis. Perennials; bristles present. Involucre none. 2. S. pauciforus. Involucre of one erect bract. CYPERACEAE. 59 Bristles present, longer than the achenes. 3. S. caespitosus. Bristles wanting. 4. S. pumilis. Spikelets normally more than one, usually several or many; taller plants. Spikelets few, 1-12, appearing lateral. Annual with fibrous roots. gs. 8. Halli, Perennial with rootstocks. 6. S. americanus. Spikelets numerous, umbellate. 7. S. lacustre. Involucre of 2 or more leaves with flat blades. Spikelets few, umbelled or capitate, relatively large. 8. S. campestris. r Spikelets numerous, in compound umbels or in umbelled ‘heads, relatively small. Style-branches 2; achenes plano-convex; bristles mostly 4. 9. S. rubrotinctus. Style-branches 3; achenes 3-angular; bristles 6. 10. S. atrovirens. 1. Scirpus coloradensis Britt. On muddy shores of lakes in northern Colo. —Alt. about 5000 ft—Larimer Co. 2. Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. In wet soil from Anticosti to B. C., N. Y. and Calif—Alt. 9500-11,500 ft—Antonito; Seven Lakes; Ruxton Dell; Georgetown. 3. Scirpus caespitosus L. In bogs and among wet rocks from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C. and Colo.; also Europe and Asia—Lat. 39°-41°.* 4. Scirpus pumilus Vahl. In wet places in alpine regions in Alb. and Colo. —“Rocky Mountains.” 5. Scirpus Hallii A. Gray. In wet soil from Mass. to Colo., Fla. and Tex.; also Mex.—Locality not given. 6. Scirpus americanus Pers. (S. pungens Vahl.) In fresh and alkaline swamps from Me. to B. C., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-6500 ft—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Julesburg; mesas near Pueblo; Colorado Springs; Lake City; Spring Cafion; Platte River, Denver; Fort Collins. 7. Scirpus lacustris L. In lakes and swamps from Newf. to B. C., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Gypsum, Eagle Co.; Walsenburg; Ft. Col- lins; Grand Junction; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Ft. Collins. 8. Scirpus campestris Britton. (S. maritimus of Coult. Man.) In wet places, especially with alkaline soil, from Man. to Wash., Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft.—Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Mont- rose; Walsenburg; Grand Junction; lowland along Poudre River; Ft. Collins. 9. Scirpus rubrotictus Fernald. In swamps from Newf. to Ida., N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—McCoy; La Veta; Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. 1o. Scirpus atrovirens Muhl. In swamps from N. Sc. to Sask. Ga. and La. and Colo. West of Man. and Nebr. it is only represented by v. pallidus Britt—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co.; along Poudre River, Ft. Collins. 5. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. SPiIKE-RUSH. Style-branches 2. Annuals with fibrous roots. 1. E. atropurpurea. Perennials with horizontal rootstock. * Culm stout; tubercle conic-triangular. z. E. palustris. Culm slender; tubercle narrower. 3. E. glaucescens. * Hall & Harbour, who collected in Colorado, did not give any definite locali- ties. On the labels is only given: Rocky Mts., lat. 39°-41°. 60 CYPERACEAE. . Style-branches 3. Achenes cancellate and longitudinally ribbed; spikelet flat. 4. E. acicularis. Achenes smooth, papillose or reticulate; spikelet terete. Achenes papillose. 5. E. acuminata. Achenes finely reticulate. Spikelets ovoid, blunt. 6. E. arenicola. Spikelets narrowly oblong, acute. 7. E. montana. 1. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth. In wet soil from Iowa to Colo., Fla. and N. Mex.; also Mex. and Trop. Am.—Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Eleocharis palustris (L.) R. & S. In swamps from Lab. and Alaska to Va. and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft——Trimble Springs, near Durango; Gunnison; Ruxton Dell; Sterling, Logan Co.; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Ft. Collins; along Platte River, near Denver. 3. Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) Schultes. In swamps and wet mead- ows from Me. to Mont., Fla. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft-—Cucharas River, below La Veta; Julesburg; mesas near Pueblo; Quimby. 4. Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. In wet soil and mud from Newf. to Sask., Wash., Fla. and Calif.; also Mex., Cent. Am., Europe and Asia.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Divide between Colorado Springs and Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Georgetown; river bank, Ft. Collins. 5. Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. In wet soil from N. Sc. to Alb. Ga, La. and Colo.—Mt. Lincoln. 6. Eleocharis arenicola Torr. On sandy shores and in swamps from S. C. to Colo., Fla. and Tex.—Salida. 7. Eleocharis montana (H. B. K.) R. & S. In wet places from Colo. to Calif. and Mex.—Alt. about 7000 ft.—Dolores. 6. FIMBRISTYLIS Vahl. Leaves strongly involute. 1. F. castanea. Leaves flat. z. F, thermalis. 1. Fimbristylis castanea (Michx.) Vahl. In saline soil from N. Y. to Neb., Fla. and Tex.—Lat. 39°-41°. 2. Fimbristylis thermalis S. Wats. Usually near warm springs from Colo. to Calif—Sterling, Logan Co. 7. ELYNA Schrad. 1. Elyna Bellardi (All.) Koch. (Kobresia scirpina Willd.) In wet places in alpine or arctic regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Alb.; also in Colo. —Alt. 8500-13,000 ft—South Park; Twin Lakes; Georgetown; Clear Creek, near Georgetown; summit of Mt. Garfield; Ruxton Dell; Sierra Blanca. 8. CAREX L. Sepce. @ Stigmata 2; spikes all or nearly all bisexual, or dioecious, sessile. VIGNEAE. Stigmata 3; or if 2, the spikes mostly unisexual, the lateral ones pistillate (species of Microrhynchae, C. pulla and C. misandra). CARICES GENUINAE. CYPERACEAE. 61 : VIGNEAE. I. Spike single, androgynous* or unisexual. Perigynia erect, with the hyaline beak split on the convex face. 2. NEUROCHLAENAE. Perigynia spreading at maturity, spongious at the base with a serrate bidentate beak. 5. C. gynocrates. II. Spikes several. A. Beak of the perigynium entire, truncate or oblique. Spikes remote; perigynia erect, several-nerved ; scales hyaline. Spikes green; perigynia not winged. 1. BRACHYSTACHYAE. Spikes brown; perigynia winged. 21. C. siccata. Spikes sessile in a rounded or ovoid head. Perigynia erect, prominently many-nerved. 10, CEPHALOSTACHYAE. Perigynia spreading, nerveless or nearly so. 11, SPHAEROSTACHYAE, B. Beak of perigynium bidentate or in the last split on one side. 1. Spikes androgynous or dioecious. Perigynia elliptic and acuminate to orbicular, faintly nerved or nerveless, slightly spreading, spongious at the base, from green to brownish. 5. ACANTHOPHORAE. Perigynia ovate or lanceolate, nerved. Spikes in a dense-flowered spicate inflorescence; bracts often conspicu- ous; perigynia not spongious at the base, winged. 6. XEROCHLAENAE. Spikes in an interrupted spicate inflorescence; bracts inconspicuous; perigynia spongious at the base. 7. PHAENOCARPAE 2. Spikes gynaecandrous.+ Perigynia wingless. Spikes silvery to light green, remote; perigynia membranous, light green, erect, 3. ARGYRANTHAE. Spikes brownish. Perigynia spreading, spongious at the base; spikes in a spicate inflo- rescence. 4. ASTROSTACHYAE. Perigynia erect ; spikes in an oval or rounded head. 23. C. Bonplandit. Perigynia winged. Perigynia lanceolate to ovate, narrowly winged; scales brownish. 8. ATHROSTACHYAE. Perigynia ovate to nearly orbicular, broadly winged; scales green to light brown. 9. PTEROCARPAE. CARICES GENUINAE. I. Perigynia neither inflated nor tapering into a long beak. A. Spike solitary. . Perigynia glabrous; beak not ciliate. Perigynia erect or in C. obtusata horizontally bent. Perigynia greenish. 16, LEIOCHLAENAE, Perigynia brown. . Achenes terete. 19. LAMPROCHLAENAE. Achenes triquetrous. 34. C. Parryana. Perigynia reflexed. . 17. ATHROCHLAENAE. Perigynia pubescent or at least the beak ciliate. Perigynia membranous; scales very broad and scarious-margined; bracts not foliaceous. 20. ELYNANTHAE. Perigynia not membranous; scales narrow, acuminate; bracts more or less foliaceous. 58. C. scirpoidea and 59. C. oreocharis. B. Spikes several. *Staminate above, pistillate below. + Pistillate above, staminate below. 62 CYPERACEAE. 1. Perigynia compressed ; scales very dark. Spikes all gynaecandrous or the lateral pistillate; stigmata 3 (except some- times in C. misandra). Spikes all gynaecandrous. 12. MELANANTHAE. Lateral spikes pistillate. Spikes sessile or nearly so. 12. MELANANTHAE. Spikes long-peduncled. 18. STENOCARPAE. Terminal spike staminate, the lateral pistillate or the uppermost of these staminate or androgynous. Stigmata 3; spikes oblong. 35. C. Raynoldsii. Stigmata 2; spikes cylindrical. 13. MiIcroRHYNCHAE. z. Perigynia turgid. Spikes 2-4, all gynaecandrous, dark brown; perigynia gibbous, papillose. 14. AEORASTACHYAE. Spikes several; the terminal and sometimes the uppermost of the lateral ones staminate; the rest pistillate or in C. Backii all androgynous. Perigynia glabrous; spikes peduncled. Beak short or none; spikes erect, loosely flowered; perigynia nerved. 15. CENCHROCARPAE. Beak prominent, bifid or bidentate. Spikes not very densely flowered, drooping; perigynia faintly nerved, erect or slightly spreading. 23. HyMENOCHLAENAE. Spikes densely flowered, erect; perigynia nerved, squarose at ma- turity. 24. SPIROSTACHYAE. Perigynia pubescent. Pistillate spikes few-flowered, roundish; perigynia obovate to globose, obscurely nerved; bracts foliaceous but sheathless. 21, SPHAERIDIOPHORAE. Pistillate spikes cylindric, dense-flowered; perigynia ovate or ovate- lanceolate, nerved; bracts sheathing. 22, TRICHOCARPAE. II. Perigynia inflated and tapering into a long beak. Perigynia abruptly contracted into a very long, slender beak. 66. C. longirostris. Perigynia gradually tapering into the beak. Perigynia, at least the lower, reflexed at maturity, sessile; bracts sheathing. 25. ECHINOSTACHYAE. Perigynia not reflexed. Bracts sheathless; perigynia sessile. 26. PHYSOCARPAE. Bracts sheathing; perigynia stipitate. 27. RHYNCHOPHORAE. I, VIGNEAE. Stigmata 2. Spikes all or nearly all bisexual or dioccious, sessile. I. BRACHYSTACHYAE. Spikes several, short and few-flowered, sessile, remote, light-green; scales hyaline; perigynium erect, several-nerved, spongious at the base. Spikes gynaecandrous (i. @., pistillate above, staminate below) ; bracts inconspic- uous; perigynium light-green, ovate, tapering into a short, almost entire beak. 1. C. canescens. Spikes androgynous (i. ¢., staminate above, pistillate below); bracts narrow, but conspicuous ; perigynium shining reddish-brown, abruptly-beaked. 2. C. tenella. 2. NEUROCHLAENAE. Spike single, androgynous, shining reddish-brown; perigynium erect, ob- long, faintly nerved, scabrous along the short hyaline beak, with the orifice slit on the convex face. One species. 3. C. nardina. CYPERACEAE. 63 3. ARGYRANTHAE. Spikes several, short and loose-flowered, sessile, remote, silvery to light- green, gynaecandrous; bracts short; scales hyaline; perigynium erect, mem- branaceous, light-green, stipitate, lanceolate, nerved, serrate along the mar- gins, tapering into a long bidentate beak. One species. 4. C. Deweyana. 4. ASTROSTACHYAE. Spike single or several, short and few-flowered, sessile, remote; bracts short and narrow; scales brownish; perigynium sessile, spreading at matur- ity, cordate to ovate, several-nerved, spongious at base, tapering into a ser- rate, bidentate beak. Spike single, unisexual or androgynous. 5. C. gynocrates. Spike several, gynaecandrous. Perigynium narrowly ovate, faintly nerved. 6. C. stellulata. Perigynium broadly ovate, prominently nerved. 7. C. sterilis. 5. ACANTHOPHORAE. Spikes several, short, but dense-flowered, sessile, androgynous; bracts often long; scales greenish to brown; perigynium slightly spreading, elliptical and acuminate to suborbicular, faintly nerved or nerveless, spongious at base, narrowly winged, the beak serrulate, bidentate. Spikes green, forming a dense, decompound panicle. 8. C. vulpinoidea. Spikes forming a spike or head. Inflorescence spicate. Spike interrupted. 9. C. Hookeriana. Spike contiguous. 10. C. occidentalis. Inflorescence capitate. 11. C. Hoodit. 6. XEROCHLAENAE. Spikes many, small, in a dense-flowered spicate inflorescence, sessile, con- tiguous, androgynous or dioecious; bracts often conspicuous; scales brown- ish; perigynium stipitate, erect, ovate to lanceolate, nerved, brown, winged, serrulate along the margins, tapering into a distinct, bidentate beak. Scales acuminate. Perigynium ovate, acuminate; spikes often unisexual. 12. C. marcida. Perigynium lanceolate; spikes bisexual. 13. C. Sartwellii. Scales awned, perigynium ovate-lanceolate ; spikes mostly unisexual. 14. C. Douglasit. 7. PHAENOCARPAE. Spikes small, many in an interrupted spicate inflorescence, sometimes pan- iculately branched, sessile, contiguous or nearly so, androgynous; bracts in- conspicuous; scales brownish; perigynium somewhat spreading, ovate, nerved, shining brown, spongious at base, the beak serrulate, bidentate. One species. , 15. C. teretiuscula. 8. ATHROSTACHYAE. Spikes several, but not many, in a dense-flowered spike or head, sessile, gynaecandrous; bracts seldom conspicuous; scales brownish; perigynium 64 CYPERACEAE. erect, lanceolate to ovate, more or less winged, very seldom wingless, taper- ing into a long serrulate or ciliate beak, with the orifice oblique or bidentate. Perigynium winged. Spikes ih an oval or roundish head; perigynium ovate to lanceolate; beak slit on the convex side. Bracts longer than the inflorescence. 17. C. athrostachya. Bracts inconspicuous. Perigynium broadly ovate to suborbicular, rather light brown or greenish. 18. C. festiva. Perigynium lanceolate, very dark brown and shining. 18a. C. ebenea. Spikes in a more or less distinct spike. Perigynium lanceolate, narrowly winged, ciliate; inflorescence short. 16. C. scoparia. Perigynium ovate. Beak bidentate. Perigynium thin, green; spikes nodding when young, tapering at the base. 20. C. pratensis. Perigynium firm, brown; spikes erect, strict. 22. C. Liddonii. Beak not bidentate. ‘ Beak slit on the convex side. 19. C. petasata. Beak oblique at the orifice. 21. C. siccata. Perigynium not winged. 23. C. Bonplandit. Q. PTEROCARPAE. Spikes several, large and heavy, dense-flowered, contiguous or the lower ones remote, sessile, gynaecandrous; bracts inconspicuous; scales light-brown to green; perigynium erect, ovate to almost orbicular, much compressed, nerved, broadly winged, prominently serrulate, the beak bidentate. Spikes ovate in a roundish head. 25. C. straminiformis. Spikes in a spicate inflorescence. Perigynium about 5-nerved. 24. C. straminea. Perigynium 7—-15-nerved. 26. C. festucacea. 10. CEPHALOSTACHYAE, Spikes several, reddish brown, androgynous, dense-flowered, sessile in a roundish or ovoid head; bracts inconspicuous; scales ovate, acute; peri- gynium stipitate, erect, ovate, turgid, spongious, prominently many-nerved, shining reddish-brown, the beak scabrous, obliquely cut, with hyaline orifice. One species. 27. C. stenophylla, II. SPHAEROSTACHYAE. Spikes several, androgynous, dense-flowered, sessile in a roundish head; bracts inconspicuous; scales broadly ovate with hyaline margins; perigynium spreading at maturity, stipitate, ovate, turgid, nerveless or nearly so, yellow- ish, becoming fuscous at maturity, scabrous along the prominent, obliquely cut beak. One species. 28. C. incurva. CYPERACEAE. 65 II. CARICES GENUINAE. Stigmata 2 or 3. Spikes mostly unisexual. 12. MELANANTHAE. Spikes several, dense-flowered, mostly peduncled and drooping, contiguous, gynaecandrous or the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; bracts con- spicuous, but narrow, sheathless; scales dark-colored; perigynium sessile, erect, very seldom spreading, sessile, more or less compressed, elliptical, few- nerved, granulated and often scabrous along the upper margins, purplish- spotted to almost black, the beak short, entire to emarginate; stigmata 3. Spikes several. Terminal spike gynaecandrous or in C. Parryana sometimes pistillate. All spikes gynaecandrous peduncled and often somewhat drooping. Spikes ovate. Scales and perigynia blackish. 31. C. atrata. Scales and perigynia copper-colored. 32. C. chalciolepis. Spikes cylindric; scales blackish; perigynia light-green. 33. C. bella. Lateral spikes pistillate, sessile, erect. Spikes contiguous in a dense head. Perigynia erect. 29. C. alpina. Perigynia spreading. 30. C. melanocephala. Spikes somewhat remote, spicate. Perigynia subtriquetrous; lateral spikes usually small or none; scales purplish, with hyaline margins. 34. C. Parryana. Perigynia compressed; lateral spikes not reduced; scales purplish. 36. C. Buxbaumii. Terminal spike staminate, the lateral pistillate and peduncled, but erect and contiguous. 35. C. Raynoldsii. Spike single. 34. C. Parryana, 13. MiIcRORHYNCHAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, often dense-flowered, sessile or short peduncled, erect, remote, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate or the uppermost staminate or androgynous; bracts foliaceous, sheathless; scales dark, obtuse; perigynia often stipitate, erect, compressed, roundish-ovate to elliptical, more or less prominently nerved, granulated, often scabrous along the upper mar- gins, pale green, the beak mostly minute, entire to emarginate; stigmata 2. Perigynia compressed; beak not bent horizontally. Spikes sessile. Perigynia several-nerved ; spikes remote. Perigynia stipitate, deciduous; beak entire. 38. C. vulgaris. Perigynia persistent; beak bidentate. 44. C. nebraskensis. Perigynia 2-nerved, not deciduous; spikes contiguous. 39. C. rigida. Spikes peduncled. ; Spikes short; scales spreading, acuminate, longer than the scabrous roundish perigynia. 40. C. chimaphila. Spikes long and cylindric, remote. Perigynia rhombic, entirely beakless. 37. C. rhomboidea. Perigynia beaked. Perigynia stipitate, oval. 41. C. acutina. Perigynia sessile, obovate to broadly elliptic. , 43. C. variabilis. Perigynium turgid, with a beak bent horizontally; spikes sessile or nearly so. 45. C. scopulorum. oO 66 CYPERACEAE. 14. AEORASTACHYAE. Spikes several, short, but dense-flowered, long-peduncled and drooping, somewhat remote, the terminal staminate, the lateral gynaecandrous; bracts narrow, sheathless; scales dark-colored, lanceolate-acuminate, longer than the perigynium, which is stipitate, erect, orbicular to obovate gibbous, papil- lose, nerved, with a short, entire beak; stigmata 3. One species. 46. C. magellanica. I5. CENCHROCARPAE. Spikes several, loose-flowered, peduncled, but erect, contiguous, the ter- minal staminate or gynaecandrous, the lateral pistillate; bracts foliaceous, sheathing; scales dark or greenish; perigynium erect, turgid, glabrous, dis- tinctly several-nerved, the beak short or none; stigmata 3. Terminal spike staminate or gynaecandrous; perigynium globose, orange-colored, beakless or nearly so. 47. C. aurea. Terminal spike staminate; perigynium obovate, greenish, abruptly beaked, with the orifice hyaline. 48. C. Torreyi. 16. LEIOCHLAENAE. Spike one, lax and few-flowered, androgynous; scales hyaline, mucronate; perigynium erect, pale-green, stipitate with a short beak or beakless. Perigynium many-nerved, elliptical, emarginate, beakless. 49. C. polytrichoides. Perigynium oval, two-nerved, shortly beaked. 50. C. Geyeri. 17. ATHROCHLAENAE. Spike one, dense and many-flowered, androgynous, the pistillate portion squarrose at maturity; scales lanceolate to oblong, deciduous; perigynium shining, brown, reflexed at maturity, ovate to linear-oblong, prominently stipitate, nerveless, tapering into a long beak; stigmata mostly 3. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous; leaves flat; perigynium ovate, the beak two- lobed.# 51. C. nigricans. Rootstock caespitose, matted; leaves very narrow, involute; perigynium linear- oblong, the beak obliquely cut. 52. C. pyrenaica. 18. STENOCARPAE. Spikes several, very dark, dense-flowered, borne on long, capillary pedun- cles, more or less drooping, the terminal gynaecandrous, the lateral pistil- late; scales very dark, acuminate; perigynium purplish, erect, attenuated at both ends, compressed, nerveless, the beak long, serrulate, with the orifice oliquely cut to bifid, hyaline; stigmata 2 or 3. One species. 53. C. misandra. 19. LAMPROCHLAENAE. Spike one, short and few-flowered, androgynous; scales broad, brownish; perigynium obovate to elliptical, obscurely nerved or nerveless, the beak short, with the orifice entire or obliquely cut; stigmata 3. CYPERACEAE. 67 Spike dull-brown; perigynium erect or slightly spreading at maturity, obovate, shortly beaked or beakless, the orifice entire. 54. C. rupestris. Spike shining, reddish-brown; perigynium horizontally bent at maturity, turgid, coriaceous, obscurely nerved, the short beak with hyaline orifice. 55. C. obtusata. 20. ELYNANTHAE. Spike single, androgynous, the pistillate portion few-flowered; scales very broad; perigynium membranaceous, whitish to brown, erect, sessile, oval to obovoid, pubescent or ciliate above, the beak short, with the orifice entire or obliquely cut; stigmata 3. Spike silvery-shining, light-brown; perigynium oval, pubescent, the beak entire. 56. C. filifolia. Spike reddish-brown; perigynium obovoid, attenuated at both ends, the beak cili- ate, obliquely cut. 57. C. elynoides. 21. SPHAERIDIOPHORAE. Spike one, the plant dioecious or monoecious, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; the latter few-flowered, roundish, mostly ses- sile or the basal long-peduncled; bracts foliaceous, sheathless; scales acu- minate, often mucronate, green to blackish; perigynium dark-green, stipitate or sessile, obovate to globose, pubescent, obscurely nerved, the beak mostly short, obliquely cut or bidentate, with the teeth erect; stigmata 3. Spikes solitary; beak short, obliquely cut. Dioecious; spike very dark, many-flowered; perigynium strigosely hairy, obo- vate to oval. 58. C. scirpoidea. Monoecious ; spike androgynous, silvery-shining ; perigynium minutely pubescent, broadly elliptic. 59. C. oreocharis. Spikes several. Rhizome stoloniferous; spikes dark-colored, sessile or nearly so; perigynium globose, abruptly beaked; beak short, entire or 2-lobed. 60. C. pennsylvanica. Rhizome caespitose; spikes peduncled, light-green to brown. Perigynium oval, stipitate; beak bifid. 61. C. Rossii. Perigynium globose; beak long, obliquely cut. 62. C. umbellata. c 22. TRICHOCARPAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, dense-flowered, sessile or the lowest one pedun- cled, but erect, remote, the terminal and uppermost lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous, long and sheathing; scales purplish or brown, mucronate to aristate; perigynia erect, sessile, ovate to ovate-lanceo- late, turgid, more or less pubescent, nerved, the beak prominent, bidentate; stigmata 3. Perigynium ovate, densely pubescent. : 63. C. lanuginosa. Perigynium ovate-lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, the beak with very long, diverg- ing teeth. 64. C. aristata. 23. HyMENOCHLAENAE. Spikes several, androgynous or the terminal staminate, the lateral pistil- late, not very dense-flowered, long-peduncled and drooping; bracts folia- ceous, sheathing; scales hyaline, mucronate; perigynia erect to slightly 68 CYPERACEAE. spreading, oval to elliptical, glabrous below, faintly nerved, the beak promi- nent, scabrous, bifid or bidentate; stigmata 3. Spikes androgynous, light-green. 65. C. Backii. Spikes staminate or pistillate on the same culm. Spikes green; perigynium inflated, orbicular, the beak very long, linear, with the orifice obliquely cut. 66. C. longirostris. Spikes shining, reddish-brown; perigynium elliptical, the beak entire. | 67. C. capillaris. 24. SPIROSTACHYAE. Spikes several, rather short, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, remote, squarrose at maturity, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; bracts foliaceous, sheathing; scales light-brown, acuminate; perigynia greenish, spreading, oval to elliptical, turgid, sessile, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, scabrous, bifid; stigmata 3. One species. 68. C. viridula. 25. ECHINOSTACHYAE. Spike one, androgynous, or several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate, cylindrical, dense-flowered, peduncled, but erect, squarrose at ma- turity; bracts foliaceous, very long, sheathing; scales lanceolate, light-brown; perigynium greenish, more or less inflated, nerved, glabrous, the beak long, bidentate; stigmata 3. Spike one, androgynous; perigynium reflexed at maturity, narrowly lanceolate, orifice of beak oblique; rhacheola extended through orifice of the beak. 69. C. microglochin. Spikes several, the terminal staminate, the lateral pistillate; perigynium ovate, much inflated, spreading at maturity, the beak bifurcate; rhacheola not ex- tended. 70. C. retrorsa. 26. PHYSOCARPAE. Spike one, androgynous, or several, the terminal and, sometimes, the upper- most lateral staminate, the others pistillate, cylindrical, sessile or the lower- most pedtincled, dark-colored; bracts foliaceous, sheathless; scales lanceo- late, acuminate, brownish or purple; perigynia shining, spreading, but not reflexed, membranaceous, globular to oblong-elliptical, inflated, sessile; nerved, the beak short, bidentate or merely emarginate; stigmata 2 or 3. Spike single, androgynous; perigynium elliptical, tapering into a bidentate beak. 71. C. Engelmannii. Spikes several. Pistillate spikes cylindrical, often very long; perigynium inflated, many-nerved, oblong-elliptical, tapering into a cylindrical, bifurcate beak; stigmata 3. 72. C. utriculata. Pistillate spikes short, blackish; perigynium slightly inflated, broadly ovate, nerveless, the beak short, emarginate; stigmata 2. 73. C. pulla. 27. RHYNCHOPHORAE. Spikes several, cylindrical, very robust and dense-flowered, sessile or nearly .s0, mostly erect, contiguous, the terminal and, sometimes, the uppermost lateral staminate, the others pistillate; bracts foliaceous and very long, sheath- CYPERACEAE. 69 ing; scales light-green, lanceolate, mucronate to aristate; perigynia greenish, erect, stipitate, membranaceous, ovate, much inflated, prominently nerved, glabrous or scabrous along the long beak, which is sharply bifurcate; stig- mata 3. Perigynium subglobose, glabrous, the beak bifurcate. 74. C. monile. Perigynium very large, ovate, scabrous, prominently stipitate, the beak very long, bifurcate. 75. C. lupulina. 1. Carex canescens L. In bogs from Newf. to B. C., Va., Colo. and Ore.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. 8500-11,500 ft—Marshall Pass; Lake Mor- aine; Trapper’s Lake; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; lat. 39°-41°.* 2. Carex tenella Schkur. In bogs, especially in the woods, from Newf. to B. C., N. J., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 6000-11,500 ft—North Park; Castle Cafion; Graymont; Colorado Springs; near Gray’s Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Twin Lakes; Little Beaver Creek; Mt. Elbert; along Quail Creek, near Stevens’ Mine. 3. Carex nardina Fries. From Greenl. to Alaska, Colo. and Ore.; also Europe.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Silver Plume; Mt. Elbert. 4. Carex Deweyana Schwein. In woods from N. S. to Ore, Pa. and N. Mex.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co. 5. Carex gynocrates Wormskj. In bogs from Labr. and Alaska to Pa. and Colo.—Mosquito; South Park. 6. Carex stellulata Good. In bogs, Labr. and Alaska to Colo.; also Europe and Asia—-Wet Mountain Valley; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 7. Carex sterilis Willd. In moist soil from Newf. to B. C., Fla. and Calif. —Twin Lakes; South Park. 8. Carex vulpinoidea Michx. In swamps and wet meadows from N. B. to Man., Fla., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co. g. Carex Hookeriana Dew. Dry meadows from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Ft. Collins; Los Pinos; hills about Trinidad; dry meadows at Dix; gulch south of Rist Cafion. to. Carex occidentalis Bailey. (C. muricata Americana Bailey.) ti mead- ows from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6500-11,000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Sierra Blanca; Montrose; Estes Park; Cedar Edge; Green Mountain Falls, near Pike’s Peak; La Plata Cafion; Mt. Hesperus; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; lat. 39°-41°. 11. Carex Hoodii Boott. (C. muricata confixa Bailey.) In meadows from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Continental Divide, Routt Co.; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Hahn’s Peak, Routt Co.; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 12, Carex marcida Dewey. In meadows from Man. to B. C., Neb. N. M. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Gunnison; Colorado Springs; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; North Park; Pagosa Springs; Durango; Ft. Collins; Buena Vista; Twin Lakes; South Park; moist meadow, Fort Collins. 13. Carex Sartwellii Dewey. In swamps from Ont. to B. C, N. Y. and Utah.—South Park; lat. 39°-41°. * See footnote on page 59. 70 CYPERACEAE. 14. Carex Douglasii Boott. In dry or alkaline soil from Man. to B.C., Neb., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 5000-11,000 ft—Antonito; Ruxton Dell; Gunnison; Ironton; plains near Denver; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ft. Collins; La Plata Cafion; Grizzly Creek; pasture, Walton Creek flats; near Long’s Peak; in the Spruce Zone, headwaters of Clear Creek. 15. Carex teretiuscula Good. In swamps and meadows from N. Sc. to B. C., Pa. and Colo.—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Hamor’s Lake. 16. Carex scoparia Schkur. In moist soil from N. S. to Man., Fla. and Colo.—Alt. up to 7000 ft.—Cheyenne Cafion. 17. Carex athrostachya Olney. In meadows and copses from Ass. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—North Park; Mt. Massive. 18. Carex festiva Dewey. Grassy mountain sides and meadows from Ass. and B. C. to Mex.—Alt. 6500-13,000 ft——Marshall Pass; Sierra Blanca; Seven Lakes; Gunnison; Honnold; Cascade Cafion; Chrystal Park; West Indian Creek; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pass Creek; Do- lores; La Plata Cafion; Bob Creek; Silver Plume; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; Mosquito; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Cameron Pass; Como; Chambers’ Lake; Mt. Massive; White House Mountain; Mt. Lincoln; Pike’s Peak; Gunnison; Georgetown; not uncommon in the Aspen and Spruce Zones from Silver Plume to Stevens’ Mine; Gray’s Peak. C. festiva var. pachystachya Bailey—Bob Creek; banks of streams, near Pagosa Peak. C. festiva var. stricta Bailey—Walton Creek flats, Routt Co.; Georgetown; Silver Plume. C. festiva var. decumbens Holm.—Empire; mountains near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Kelso, near Stevens’ Mine. 18a. Carex ebenea Rydb. (Carex festiva Haydeniana Bailey; not C. Hay- deniana Oln.) In mountain meadows from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. and Utah. —Alt. 6000-12,000 ft—Ironton; Alpine Tunnel; Pike’s Peak; Bottomless Pit; Mt. Harvard; between Cheyenne Mountain and Seven Lakes; near Pagosa Peak; Silver Plume; Cameron Pass; Chambers’ Lake; Clear Creek Cafion; Marshall Pass, Gunnison watershed; Mt. Kelso; Thompson’s Cajion, on Long’s Peak; Mt. Massive; Mt. Elbert. 1g. Carex petasata Dewey. (C. leporina Bailey in Coulter’s Man.) In mountain meadows from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and Ore—AlIt. 10,000- 13,000 ft.—Bottomless Pit; Chambers’ Lake; Windy Point on Pike’s Peak; Cameron Pass, at timber line; La Plata River; James’ Peak; Mt. Massive; Mt. Kelso. 20. Carex pratensis Drej. In meadows from Ont. to Alaska, Mich. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-8500 ft.—Middle Park; Stone Basin, Larimer Co.; Howe’s Gulch; Long’s Peak. 21. Carex siccata Dewey. In dry fields and hills from Ont. to B. C., N. Y. and Calif.—Alt. s000-10,000 ft—Calvin Cafion; Mosquito; La Veta River; Silver Plume; Fort Collins; near Pike’s Peak; between Bald Mountain and Seven Lakes; Chambers’ Lake; Mt. Massive; Mt. Kelso; Lamb’s ranch, near Long’s Peak; Colorado Springs; Georgetown; South Park; Middle Park, along Grand River. 22. Carex Liddonii Boott. In meadows from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 7500 ft—Mountains in Larimer Co.; €ampton’s ranch. CYPERACEAE. 71 23. Carex Bonplandii minor Olney. (C. illota Bailey.) Mountains of Wyo., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. about 11,500 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. 24. Carex straminea Willd. In dry fields and on foot-hills from N. B. to Man., Pa. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Clear Creek Cafion. 25. Carex straminiformis Bailey. In dry meadows and on hillsides from Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 9500 ft—West Mancos Cajfion. 26. Carex festucacea Schkur. In rich soil from N. B. to Minn., Fla. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Windsor; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co. 27. Carex stenophylla Wahl. On dry plains from Man. to B. C, Iowa and Colo.—Alt. 4o00-10,500 ft—South Park; Turkey Creek and tributaries; mesas near Colorado Springs; Como; vicinity of Horsetooth; Georgetown. 28. Carex incurva Lightf. In alpine-arctic regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Colo.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alpine ridge, near Middle Park; Gray’s Peak; Silver Plume. 29. Carex alpina Sw. In rocky places, in arctic or alpine regions from Lab. and Alaska to Ont. and Colo.—Alt. 8500-12,000 ft—Seven Lakes; South Park; Ruxton Dell; Pike’s Peak; La Plata River; Beaver Creek; Idaho Springs; Georgetown. C. alpina var. Stevenii Holm—Georgetown; Colorado Springs; Silver Plume; Middle Park; Lamb’s ranch, near Long’s Peak; between Graymont and Stevens’ Mine; Gray’s Peak. go. Carex melanocephala Turcz. (C. nova Bailey.) In the mountains from Mont. to Colo—Alt. 8500-12,000 ft—Sierra Blanca; Middle Park; Alpine Tunnel; west side of Bald Mountain; Pike’s Peak; Ouray; Upper La Plata River; Silver Plume; Oro City; Wet Mountain Valley; Chambers’ Lake; Mt. Elbert; Mt. Kelso; headwaters of Clear Creek. gr. Carex atrata L. In arctic-alpine localities from Lab. and Alaska to Que., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft—Sierra Blanca; South Park; Long’s Peak; Gray’s Peak; lat. 39°-41°. 32. Carex chalciolepis Holm. Mountains of Colorado—Alt. 8500-13,000 ft. —Marshall Pass; Ouray; Mt. Hesperus; Devil’s Causeway; Cameron Pass; Silver Plume; Bottomless Pit; near Pagosa Peak; Little Kate Mine; West Spanish Peak; Bald Mountain; Pike’s Peak; Estes Park; Empire; James’ Peak; Mt. Massive; Mt. Elbert; Mt. Kelso; Long’s Peak; Gray’s Peak. 33. Carex bella Bailey. Mountains of Colo., Utah and Ariz—Alt. gooo- 11,500 ft—Sierra Blanca; Upper La Plata River; Mt. Hesperus; Stage Coach Mountain; West Spanish Peak; South Park. 34. Carex Parryana Dewey. In alpine and arctic regions from Hudson Bay to B. C. and Colo.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—South Park; Table Rock; Mosquito; South Pass; Twin Lakes; lat. 39°-41°. 35. Carex Raynoldsii Dewey. In mountain meadows from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Rabbit- Ear Range, Routt Co. 36. Carex Buxbaumii Wahl. In bogs from Newf. to Alaska, Ga. and Calif. —Twin Lakes; lat. 39°-41°. 37. Carex rhomboidea Holm. In alpine swamps of Colo.—Alt. 8500-9500 ft—In swamps near Long’s Peak; Twin Lakes. 72 CYPERACEAE. 38. Carex vulgaris Fries. (C. Goodenovii J. Gay.) In wet grounds from Newf. to Alaska, Pa. and Colo.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Silver Plume. C. vulgaris var. lipocarpa Holm.—Columbine; Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. 39. Carex rigida Good. (C. vulgaris alpina Booth.) In the mountains from Alaska to Colo.—Alt. about 11,500 ft——Headwaters of Clear Creek. 40. Carex chimaphila Holm. Alpine regions of Colorado.—Alt. 11,000- 12,000 ft—Alpine Tunnel; Long’s Peak. 41. Carex acutina Bailey. Mountains from Mackenzie and Alaska to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 8500-10,000 ft—Foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Silver Plume; Georgetown; Graymont; Lamb’s ranch, near Long’s Peak; James’ Peak. 42. C. acutina var. petrophila Holm.—Dry rocks near Graymont. 43. Carex variabilis Bailey. (C. stricta Bailey in Coulter’s Man.) Wet meadows from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 8500-11,500 ft—Seven Lakes; Sierra Blanca; Ruxton Dell; Grizzly Creek; Twin Lakes; Leadville; Ute Pass; Empire; Cameron Pass; Georgetown; Mt. Massive; Mt. Kelso. C. variabilis var. sciaphila Holm—Mt. Massive, 11,000 ft. 44. Carex nebraskensis Dewey. In meadows from Nebr. to Ore. and N. M.—AIt. 4000-7000 ft—Wahatoya Creek; Palmer Lake; near Pike’s Peak; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; Oak Creek; Weston Pass; Twin Lakes; Monument Park. 45. Carex scopulorum Holm. (C. Tolmici subsessilis Bailey, in part.) Mountains of Colo.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Sierra Blanca; Marshall Pass; Pike’s Peak; Clark’s Peak; Bottomless Pit; Mt. Harvard; Estes Park; Sil- ver Plume; Mt. Massive; headwaters of Clear Creek; Stevens’ Mine; Mt. Kelso; Gray’s Peak. 46. Carex magellanica Lam. In bogs from Newf. to B. C., Pa. and Utah; also in Europe and South America.—Alt. about 8500 ft.—Estes Park. 47. Carex aurea Nutt. In wet meadows from Newf. to B. C., Pa., Utah and Wash.—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft—Gunnison; Palsgrove Cafion; Seven Lakes; Green Mountain Falls; North Cheyenne Cafion; Wahatoya Creek; Piedra; Los Pinos; Georgetown; Elk River, Routt Co.; Mancos; West Mancos Cafion; North Park; Twin Lakes; Mt. La Plata; Clear Creek Cafion, near Graymont. 48. Carex Torreyi Tuck. In dry soil from N. Y. to N. W. T. and Colo— Near Golden City. 49. Carex polytrichoides Willd. In bogs and swamps from Newf. to B. C, Fla., Tex. and Ore—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; lat. 39°—41°. so. Carex Geyeri Boott. Dry mountain sides from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 8500-11,000 ft—Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; North Park, near Teller; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; Chambers’ Lake; lat. 39°-41°. 51. Carex nigricans C. A. Mey. On the higher mountains from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and northern Calif.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Telluride; Thompson’s Cafion, on Long’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; lat. 39°- 41°, ' 52. Carex pyrenaica Wahl. On the higher mountains from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and Ore.; also in Europe.—Alt. 11,500-14,000 ft.—Sierra CYPERACEAE. 73 Blanca; Mt. Harvard; Gray’s Peak; Cameron Pass; Telluride; Pagosa Peak; Long’s Peak; lat. 39°-41°. 53. Carex misandra R. Br. In arctic and alpine regions from’Lab. to Alaska and Colo.; also in Europe and Asia—Alt. about 12,000 ft—Gray’s Peak. 54. Carex rupestris All. In alpine and arctic regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft—Pike’s Peak; Cumberland Mines; Gray’s Peak; James’ Peak; Mt. Elbert; Long’s Peak; Floral Mountain; lat. 39°-41°. 55. Carex obtusata Lilj. On dry hills and prairies from Newf. and B. C. to Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Ruxton Dell; Georgetown; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; South Park; Long’s Peak; lat. 39°-41°. 56. Carex: filifolia Nutt. On dry plains from Man. to B. C., Neb., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Lat. 39°-41°; Ute Pass; Table Rock; Silver Plume. 57. Carex elynoides Holm. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. 11,500-13,000 ft.— Alpine Tunnel; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Princeton, Chaffee Co.; Mt. Mas- sive and Mt. Kelso. 58. Carex scirpoidea Michx. In rocky soil from Greenl. to Alaska, Mass. and Calif—San Juan Co.; South Park; lat. 39°-41°. 59. Carex oreocharis Holm. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 8500 ft— Lamb’s ranch, near Long’s Peak. 60. Carex pennsylvanica Lam. In dry soil from N. B. to Alb., N. C. and Colo. In the state only represented by war. vespertina Bailey.—Alt. 5000- 8500 ft—New Windsor; Colorado Springs; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Ft. Col- lins; headwaters of Pass Creek; Como; vicinity of Horsetooth; Trail Creek and Rist Cafion; Ute Pass; mountains near Central City; Dixon Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch. 61. Carex Rossii Boott. Mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo.—Alt. 6000-11,500 ft.—Middle Park; Chambers’ Lake; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains; Silver Plume; near Pagosa Peak; Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes; headwaters of Beaver Creek; Mt. Massive; head- waters of Clear Creek. 62. Carex umbellata Schkur. In dry soil from N. Sc. to Ore. N. J. and Colo. In the state represented by var. brevirostris Boott—Alt. about 6000 ft—Near Golden City. 63. Carex lanuginosa Michx. In swamps and wet meadows from N. Sc. to B. C., N. J., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Gunnison; Twin Lakes; Windsor; Turkey Creek and tributaries; mountains in Larimer Co.; Du- rango; swales, Ute Pass; Cafion City; Campton’s ranch; Pagosa Spring; Estes Park. 64. Carex aristata R. Br. In bogs from Ont. to Ore, N. Y. and Utah— Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Saguache Creek; river bank, near Fort Collins. 65. Carex Backii Boott. In woods and thickets from Ont. to Man., N. Y. and Colo—Alt. up to 5500 ft—Ft. Collins; lat. 39°-41°. 66. Carex longirostris Torr. On banks and in moist thickets from N. B. to N. W. Terr., Pa. and Colo. In the state represented by var. minor Boott. —Gulch west of Pennocks and south of Rist Cafion; lat. 39°-417. es CYPERACEAE. 67. Carex capillaris L. In alpine-arctic regions from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Colo.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—South Park; West Spanish Peak; Pike’s Peak; Georgetown; Devil’s Causeway; West Mancos Cafion; Twin Lakes; Middle Park; Thompson’s Cafion, on Long’s Peak; Silver Plume; lat. 39°-41°. 68. Carex viridula Michx. In bogs and among wet rocks from Newf. to Wash., Pa., Colo. and Utah—Hamor’s Lake. 69. Carex microglochin Wahl. In arctic-alpine regions from Greenl. to B. C. and Mont.; also in Colo., Europe and Asia.—Lat. 39°-41° 7o. Carex retrorsa Schkur. In swamps and wet meadows from N. S. to Ore., Pa. and Colo.—Durango. 71. Carex Engelmannii Bailey. Alpine slopes of Colo.—Alt. about 12,000 ft—Silver Plume; Upper Clear Creek region. ? 72. Carex utriculata Boott. In marshes from Lab. to B. C., Del. and Calif. —Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Gunnison; Veta Pass; South Park; Bijou Basin; Steamboat Springs; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango; Cascades near Pike’s Peak; Twin Lakes; Upper Laramie River ; near Chambers’ Lake; Little Beaver Creek. C. utriculata var. minor—Not uncommon with the type. 73. Carex pulla Good. (C. saratilis L.) In arctic-alpine regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Colo.; also in Europe and Asia.—AIt. 7000-10,000 ft. —Seven Lakes; Deep Creek Lake; White River Plateau. 74. Carex monile Tuck. In marshes and wet meadows, N. Sc. to B. C, N. J. and Calif—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Upper Laramie River; Chambers’ Lake; Hamor’s Lake. 75. Carex lupulina Muhl. In swamps from Ont. to Mont., Fla. and Tex. —Alt. up to 6500 ft.—Durango. Order 14. ARALES. Plants normal, with flowers on a spadix. Fam. 20. ARACEAE. Plants reduced to small floating thalloid structures, with only 1-3 flowers. Fam. 21. LEMNACEAE. Family 20. ARACEAE. Arum Famity. 1. ACORUS L. Sweet Frac, CaLamus. 1. Acorus Calamus L. In marshes and streams from N. S. to Minn., Fla., Colo. and Texas.—Alt. 3500-4500 ft.—Fort Collins. Family 21. LEMNACEAE Dumort. Duck-weep FamIty. 1. LEMNA L. Duck-weEep. Fronds long-stalked, mostly submerged, forming large masses. 1. L. trisulca, Fronds short-stalked or sessile, floating on the surface. Fronds pale and usually strongly gibbous beneath. 2. L. gibba. Fronds green or purplish beneath, not gibbous. 3. L. minor. 1. Lemna trisulca L. In springs and running water from N. S. to Sask., B. C, N. J., Tex. and Cal.; also in the Old World.—Alt. 3500-8000 ft— LEMNACEAE. 75 Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; near Grand Lake; Spicer, Larimer Co. 2. Lemna gibba L. In ponds from Nebr. to Cal., Tex. and Mex.; also in the Old World and Australia—Alt. 3500-12,500 ft.—Pike’s Peak; near Boulder. 3. Lemna minor L. In still water and slow streams from Lab. to Alaska, Fla. and Mex.; also in the Old World and Australia—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Trinidad; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Hayden, Routt Co. Order 15. XYRIDALES. Calyx and corolla free, of very different members; stamens free. ; Fam. 22. COMMELINACEAE. Calyx and corolla of quite similar members and partly united; stamens partly adnate to the perianth. Fam. 23. PONTIDERIACEAE. Family 22. COMMELINACEAE. Spiperwort Famity. Perfect stamens 3, rarely 2; petals unequal; bracts spathe-like. 1. COMMELINA, Perfect stamens 6, rarely 5; petals all alike; bracts leaf-like. 2. TRADESCANTIA. 1. COMMELINA. Day-FLoweEr, DEW-FLOWER. 1. Commelina crispa Wooton. In sandy soil from Mo. to Neb., Colo., Tex. and N. M.—AIlt. 4000-6500 ft.—Cajion City. 2. TRADESCANTIA L. Spriperwort. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. in diameter; plant glabrous or calyx and pedicels sparingly glandular; leaves 4-6 mm. wide. 1. T. scopulorum. Flowers 2-3 cm. in diameter; calyx and pedicels usually densely glandular-pube- scent; leaves 6-8 mm. wide. 2. T. occidentalis. 1. Tradescantia scopulorum Rose. In moist ground from Black Hills of S. D. to Colo., N. M. and Ariz—AlIt. 4000-5000 ft—Boulder; Denver; Colo- rado City. 2. Tradescantia occidentalis Britton. On sand-hills and in rocky ground from Neb. to Mont., Tex. and N. M.—AIt. 4000-6000 ft—Denver; Eads; New Windsor; Fort Collins; Walsenburg; near Boulder; Pennock’s mountain range; Spring Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Wray. Family 23. PONTEDERIACEAE Dumort. PickERELL-wEED FamILy. 1. HETERANTHERA Willd. 1. Heteranthera limosa (Sw.) Willd. In shallow water or mud from Va. to Neb. Fla. and La. and Colo.; also W. Ind., Mex. and Cent. Am—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Between Longmont and Loveland; eastern Larimer County; west side of Cache La Poudre; Limnath Co. 76 MELANTHACEAE. Order 16. LILIALES. Styles present, distinct or united; stigmas terminal. Styles distinct ; capsule septicidal. ° 24. MELANTHACEAE. Styles united, often very short or obsolete during anthesis. Capsules septicidal; petals and sepals very unlike. 30. CALOCHORTACEAE. Capsules loculicidal; petals and sepals nearly alike. Sepals and petals chaffy. 25. JUNCACEAE. Sepals and petals not chaffy. Herbs with bulbs, corms or rootstocks. Plants with bulbs or corms, or short, erect rootstocks. Flowers in umbels, at first included in and later subtended by a scarious involucre. 26. ALLIACEAE. Flowers solitary or racemose, or in Leucocrinum by shortening of the stem umbel-like, without involucre. 27, LILIACEAE. Plants with elongated, horizontal rootstocks. 28. CONVALLARIACEAE. Shrubby plants with woody caudices or trees. 29. DRACAENACEAE. Styles wanting. Flowers perfect; plants not climbing. Leaves and bracts alternate; plants with bulbs; fruit a capsule. 30. CALOCHORTACEAE. Leaves or leaf-like bracts whorled; plants with rootstock; fruit a berry. 31. TRILLIACEAE. Flowers dioecious; plants climbing or trailing. 32. SMILACACEAE. Family 24. MELANTHACEAE R. Br. BuNcH-FLOWER FaAMILy. Plants with rootstock and large oval clasping leaves; petals and sepals gland- less. 1. VERATRUM,. Plants with bulbs and linear leaves; petals and sepals with more or less distinct glands. Ovary partly inferior; glands obcordate. z. ANTICLEA, Ovary wholly superior; glands obovate or semiorbicular. 3. ToXICOSCORDION. “a. VERATRUM L. Waite HELLeEpore. Petals oblong-lanceolate. 1. V. tenuipetalum. Petals oval. 2. V. speciosum. 1. Veratrum tenuipetalum Heller. Along stream in Colorado—Alt. about gooo ft—“ Colorado”; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Fish Creek Falls. 2. Veratrum speciosum Rydb. (V. californicum Wats., and Coulter; not Durand.) In Colorado also erroneously called Skunk Cabbage. In moun- tain meadows, along streams, from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Breckenridge; Marshall Pass; Indian Creek Pass; Waha- toya Creek, near La Veta; Pagosa Peak; Columbine; Oak Mesa. 2, ANTICLEA Kunth. Petals and sepals 7-8 mm. long, 7~—13-nerved. 1. A. elegans. Petals and sepals 5-6 mm. long, 3—-7-nerved. z. A. coloradensis. 1. Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. (Zygadenus elegans Pursh; Z. dila- tatus Greene) In meadows from Sask. to Alaska, Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 6500-12,500 ft—La Veta; Indian Creek Pass; La Plata Mountains; Cham- bers’ Lake; North Cheyenne Cafion; Larimer County; Marshall Pass; Al- MELANTHACEAE. 77 pine; Ruxton Park; Minnehaha; Mount Garfield; mountains above Gray- mont; Medicine Bow Mountain; Silverton. z. Anticlea coloradensis Rydb. In the mountains from Colo. to Utah and N. M.—AIt. 8500-12,000 ft.—Idaho Springs; Leroux Creek; Mt. La Pkata; Marshall Pass; Steamboat Springs; Estes Park; Middle Park; Pike’s Peak; high mountains about Empire; divide between Arkansas River and Bayou Salade; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; above Beaver Creek; Rist Cafion; bank of the Michigan; Gore Pass; Stove Prairie Hill; Redstone; Baxter’s ranch; Buffalo Pass; Medicine Bow Mountains. 3. TOXICOSCORDION Rydb. Porson Camass, DEATH Camass, Hoes’ Potato. Petals and sepals rounded or obtuse at the apex; leaves 3-5 mm. wide. 1. T. gramineun. Petals and sepals acute at the apex; leaves over 5 mm. wide. =. T. falcatum. 1. Toxicoscordion gramineum Rydb. (Zygadenus venenosus Wats., in part.) Gravelly hillsides from Sask. to Ida. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.—Howe’s Gulch. 2. Toxicoscordion falcatum Rydb. (Zygadenus Nuttallii Coulter, in part; not A. Gray.) Hills and mesas of Colorado.—Alt. 5000-7500 ft—Fort Col- lins; La Veta; Walsenburg; Los Pinos; Denver; Spring Cafion near Cal- loway Ranch; Palmer Lake; Boulder. Family 25. JUNCACEAE Vent. Rusu Famiry. Leaf-sheaths open; capsules 1- or 3-celled, with axial or parietal placentae; seeds many. 1. Juncus. Leaf-sheaths closed; capsule 1-celled, with basal placentae; seeds 3. 2. JUNCOIDES 1. JUNCUS L. RusHEs. I. Lower bracts of the inflorescence terete, erect, appearing like a continuation of the stem; inflorescence therefore apparently lateral. A. Flowers several in a more or less compound panicle; seeds apiculate (EFFUSI). Stem light-green, striate when dry, on account of the free hypodermal fibro- vascular bundles; sepals and petals green; stamens 3. a. J. filiformis. Stem dark-green or at the base purplish, not striate; sepals and petals dark purplish-brown ; stamens 6. Inflorescence congested; branches 1-3 cm. long; petals and sepals acute or short-acuminate, almost equal in length. 2. J. balticus montanus. Inflorescence open; branches 4-8 cm. long; sepals long-acuminate and much exceeding the acute petals. 3. J. balticus vallicola. B. Flowers 1-5, of which one is subsessile and the others pediceled (Susrri- FLORI). Upper sheath merely bristle-pointed; petals and sepals with green backs and dark-brown margins. 4. J. Drummondii. Upper sheaths leaf-bearing ; green backs of the petals and sepals less prominent. Sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, light-brown; capsule acute. 5. J. Parryi. Sepals and petals broadly lanceolate, very dark-brown; capsule retuse. 6. J. Halli. Il. Lower bracts not appearing as a continuation of the stem, or if so channeled on the upper side; inflorescence terminal. 78 JUNCACEAE. A. Leaves neither septate nor equitant. 1. Leaves not fistulose; flowers many. a. Flowers bracteolate, inserted singly on the branches of the inflores- cence; leaves narrowly linear, either flat or subterete and channeled. a. Perennials; stem simple (TENUES). Seeds long, caudate; leaves subterete, with a shallow groove above. 9. J. Vaseyt. Seeds not caudate; leaves flat, but often involute; lunate in cross- section. Auricles at the summit of the sheaths membranous, whitish; petals and sepals scarcely spreading. Auricles scarcely produced beyond the insertion, scarcely scarious; inflorescence open. Perianth 3-4 mm. long, equalling the capsule. 8. J. interior. Perianth 4.5-5 mm. long, exceeding the capsule. 9. J. arizonicus. Auricles conspicuously produced beyond the point of insertion; flowers few, congested. 10. J. confusus. Auricles cartilaginous, yellowish-brown; petals and sepals spread- ing. 11. J. Dudleyi. 8. Annuals; stem branching (BuFonir). 12. J. bufonius. b. Flowers not bracteolate, in true heads on the branches of the inflores- cence; leaves broad and grasslike (GRAMINIFOLII). 13. J. longistylis. 2. Leaves fistulose (i. e., hollow) ; flowers few, in small heads (CasSTANEI). Stem leafy only at the base, but the uppermost leaf often with a long sheath; petals and sepals about 4 mm. long; leaves about 1 mm. in diameter; lower bract of inflorescence membranous. 14. J. trighumis. Stem more or less leafy; leaves about 2 mm. in diameter; perianth 5-6 mm. long; lower bracts foliaceous. 15. J. castaneus. B. Leaves septate. 1. Leaves terete, not equitant. a. Septa poorly developed; heads 1-3 (see J. triglumis and J. castaneus). b. Septa well developed; heads usually several (in J. Mertensianus usually only 1) (Noposi). Inflorescence with short branches; flowers echinate-spreading or the lowest of the head reflexed; capsule narrowly lanceolate. Heads 7-8 mm. in diameter; leaf-blades erect; petals usually longer than the sepals. 16. J. nodosus. Heads over 10 mm. in diameter; leaf-blades usually spreading; sepals longer than the petals. 197. T. Torreyt. Inflorescence with elongated branches or in J. Mertensianus with a single head; flowers erect-ascending ; capsule oblong. Heads several; leaves terete; seeds not caudate. 18. J. truncatus. Heads solitary or rarely 2-3; leaves somewhat flattened; seed usually caudate. 19. J. Mertensianus. z. Leaves equitant, laterally flattened, so that one edge is towards the stem (ENSIFOLII). Flower-clusters numerous, small, 5—12-flowered, light-colored. 20. J. brunnescens. Flower-clusters few, 15-25-flowered. Flowers greenish or light-brown; ligules of the sheath usually without auricles. ai. J. parous. Flowers fuscous or very dark-brown; ligules of the sheath produced into small auricles. 22. J. saximontanus. 1. Juncus filiformis L. In wet places from Lab. to Alaska, Pa., Utah and Wash.—Reported from Colorado (Coulter), but doubtful. 7 JUNCACEAE. 79 2. Juncus balticus montanus Engelm. In meadows and marshes from Lab. to Wash., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-11,000 ft—North Park; Clear Creek bottoms, above Georgetown; east of Ft. Collins; Hardin’s ranch; Penn’s Gulch; Lake City; Cottonwood Creek; Buena Vista; Sangre de Cristo; Palmer Lake; Green Mountain; Georgetown; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; Garland; Gunnison; Alpine Tunnel; Julesburg; Ruxton Dell, Pike’s Peak; Cucharas River; Cambres; Moon’s ranch; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Leroux Creek; Table Rock; Chambers’ Lake; Gore Pass. 3 Juncus balticus vallicola Rydb. In wet meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Colo., Utah and Wash.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft.—Denver; Andrews’ Shetland ranch; Mancos; Dolores. 4. Juncus Drummondii Mey. On wet alpine slopes from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8500-13,000 ft—Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Georgetown; Windy Point and Bottomless Pit, Pike’s Peak; Sierra Blanca; Alpine Tunnel; Cameron Pass; Pagosa Peak; Ironton; Berthoud Pass; Buffalo Pass; Park Range; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Buffalo Pass; Anita Peak, Routt Co.; summit of North Park Range. gs. Juncus Parryi Engelm. On alpine slopes from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif—aAlt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray’s Peak. 6. Juncus Hallii Engelm. On alpine slopes of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. about 10,000 ft.—Marshall Pass. 7. Juncus Vaseyi Engelm. In meadows from Me. to Minn. and Colo— Grand Lake. 8. Juncus interior Wiegand. (J. tenuis Coulter, in part; not Willd.) In meadows from IIls. to Wyo., Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Grand Lake; Fort Collins; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Poudre Cafion; bank of Poudre, La Porte. 9g. Juncus arizonicus Wiegand. In meadows from Texas to Col. and Ariz.—Alt. up to about 5000 ft—New Windsor. io. Juncus confusus Coville. (J. tenuis congestus Engelm.; in part.) In wet meadows from Mont. to Wash. and Colo—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft.—Chicken Creek; North Park; mountain north of Steamboat Springs; Fort Collins; Chambers’ Lake; Grizzly Creek. 11. Juncus Dudleyi Wiegand. (J. tenuis Coulter, in part; not Willd.) In meadows from Me. to Wash., N. Y. and Mexico.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft.—Platte River, Denver; Gunnison; Mancos; Cheyenne Mountain; Ft. Collins. 12. Juncus bufonius L. In wet and sandy soil from Lab. to Alaska, Fla., Calif. and Mex.; also in the Old World.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Georgetown; Gunnison; Fort Collins; Wahatoya Creek; Villa Grove; Hebron; plains and foot-hills, near Boulder. 13. Juncus longistylis Torr. In meadows from Alb. to Ida. Nebr., N. M., Calif. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Dolores; Chambers’ Lake; Moon’s ranch; Trimble Springs, Durango; Upper Larimie River; Pike’s Peak; head- waters of Pass Creek; Ruxton Dell; La Veta; Gunnison; Blind Cafion; Placer; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Denver; South Cheyenne Cafion; head- waters of Clear Creek; Gunnison; Como; Leroux Creek; Graymont. 14 Juncus triglumis L. In arctic and alpine regions from Lab. to Alaska, N. Y. and Colo—Alt. about 11,500 ft—Seven Lakes; headwaters of Clear Creek. . 80 JUNCACEAE. 15. Juncus castaneus Smith. In arctic and alpine regions from Greenl. to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. 9500-12,500 ft—Seven Lakes; headwaters of Clear Creek; Ruxton Park. 16. Juncus nodosus L. In wet meadows, along rivers and in marshes, from N. Se. to Mackenzie River, B. C., Va. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft.—Trimble Springs; Durango; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; Poudre Cafion. 17. Juncus Torreyi Coville. In wet places, especially in sandy soil, from N. Y. to Mont., Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft.—Plains and foot-hills, near Boulder; Huerfano Valley; Walsenburg; Julesburg; Fort Collins; Cafion City; Denver; Larimer County; Colorado Springs. 18. Juncus truncatus Rydb. (J. alpinus insignis of Coulter’s Man.; in part.) In wet places in Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 6000-9000 ft.—Meadow Height; Elk River, Routt Co.; Grizzly Creek. ; 19. Juncus Mertensianus Bong. In wet mountain meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 8500-11,000 ft—Pagosa Peak; North Park; Marshall Pass; Breckenridge; Georgetown; Ironton; Red Mountain, Ouray; Buffalo Pass; Park Range. A form with 2 or 3 heads was collected on the Upper La Plata River. This has been taken for the var. paniculatus Engelm., to which it scarcely belongs. 20. Juncus brunnescens Rydb. (J. xiphioides montanus Engelm., in part.) In wet meadows from Colo. to Nev., N. M. and Ariz—Pagosa Spring. 21. Juncus parous Rydb. In wet mountain meadows from Colo. to N. M. —Garland; North Cheyenne Cafion; Steamboat Springs; Pike’s Peak. 22. Juncus saximontanus A. Nelson. (J. siphioides montanus Engelm., mainly.) In wet meadows from Alb. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8500- to,ooo ft—La Plata River; Garland; Pagosa Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Carlton Lake, near Grand Lake; Ouray; Redcliffe; Rogers; Mount Harvard; Steamboat Springs; Ironton Park, Ouray; foot of Mount Richto- fen, on the Michigan; Steamboat Springs; Graymont; Gypsum Creek Cafion; Hebron, North Park. 2. JUNCOIDES Adans. Woop-rusH. ' Flowers on slender pedicels in a corymbiform inflorescence. 1. J. parviflorum. Flowers subsessile in headlike or spikelike clusters. Spikelets peduncled, forming a corymb. Flowers light-yellow. 2. J. comosum. Flowers brown or feruginous. 3. J. intermedium. Spikelets subsessile, forming a compound spike. Plant tall, 4-5 dm. high; inflorescence subcapitate; stem-leaves broad and flat; bractlets not ciliate. 4. J. subcapitatum. Plant 1-2, rarely 3-4 dm. high; spike usually elongated and nodding; stem- leaves narrow, attenuate; bractlets ciliate. 5. J. spicatum. 1. Juncoides parviflorum (Ehrh.) Coville. (Luzula spadicea parviflora and v. melanocarpa Meyer.) In wet meadows from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 8500-11,500 ft—Beaver Creek; White River Plateau; Silver Plume; Crystal Park; Villa Grove; Cameron Pass; Mt. Robinson; Seven Lakes, Pike’s Peak; Pagosa Peak; Caribou; Bald Mountain; Salida; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Mountains. e JUNCACEAE. 81 2. Juncoides comosum (Meyer) Sheld. (Luzula comosa Meyer.) In wet meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Cal—Alt. about 8500 ft—Crystal Park. 3. Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb. (Luzula campestris Am. auth.) In woodlands and meadows from Newf. to B. C., Colo. and Calif,—Alt. 8500-10,000 ft—North Park; Chambers’ Lake; Middle Park. 4. Juncoides subcapitatum Rydb. Along mountain streams, near the tim- ber line. Found only at the type locality—Silver Plume. 5. Juncoides spicatum (L.) Kuntze. (Luzula spicata Desv.) On hillsides and in mountain meadows from Greenl. to B. C.,, N. H. and Calif—AIt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Cameron Pass; Pagosa Peak; La Plata Mountains; Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; Seven Lakes; Mt. Harvard; Mt. Garfield; Gray’s Peak. Family 26. ALLIACEAE Batch. Onton Famity. 1, ALLIUM L. Onion, Gartic, Leek, Cuives. I. Bulb crowning a persistent rootstock. Leaves terete and hollow. 1. A, sibiricum. Leaves flat or channeled, not hollow. Umbels not nodding; petals and sepals long-acuminate. 2. A. brevistylum. Umbels nodding; petals and sepals obtuse or acute. Leaves rounded-convex on the back, not keeled. 3. A. recurvatum. Leaves almost flat and keeled. Umbels few-flowered; leaves 1-2 mm. wide. 4. A. neo-mexicanum. Umbels many-flowered; leaves 3-5 mm. wide. 5. A. cernuum. II. Bulbs without rootstock. Outer bulb coat fibrous. Umbels bulblet-bearing. 6. A. rubrum. Umbels not bulblet-bearing. Capsule not crested; involucre usually 3-leaved. 7. A. Nuttallii. Capsule more or less crested. Bracts broadly ovate in anthesis, not reflexed; flowers white or light-rose ; several layers of the bulb-coat fibrous. Petals and sepals over 1 cm. long; peduncles often 2 or 3 from the loose sheaths; bracts 3. 8. A. macropetalum. Petals and sepals less than 1 cm. long; peduncles single from the close sheaths; bracts usually 2. Plant 3-6 dm. high; pedicels 12-15 mm. long; petals and sepals 6-8 mm. long. 9. A. Geyeri. Plant 1-3 dm. high; pedicels 8-12 mm. long; petals and sepals about 5 mm. long. to. A. reticulatum. Bracts lanceolate, usually 3, soon reflexed; only the outer bulb-coat fibrous; flowers red-purple. 11. A. Pikeanum. Outer bulb-coat not fibrous, but often more or less reticulated. Petals long-acuminate, serrulate. 12. A. acuminatum. Petals acute, not serrulate. 13. A. Brandegei. 1. Allium sibiricum L. (A. Schoenoprasum Am. auth., mostly; not L.) In dry places from Me. to Alaska, N. Y., Colo. and Oreg—Alt. 5000-8500 ft—Upper Laramie River; Northern State line. z. Allium brevistylum S. Wats. In wet woodlands from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 6500-9000 ft—Cafion of the Cache la Poudre; North Park, near Teller; North Platte, near Hebron; Cerro Summit, near Chambers Lake; forks gf Poudre and Big South. 6 82 CONVALLARIACEAE. 3. Allium recurvatum Rydb. (A. cernuum of Coulter’s Man., mainly.) On banks and hillsides from the Black Hills of S. D. to B. C. and N. M—Alt. 5000-8500 ft.—Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Mountain; Pike’s Peak; Gunni- spn; Garden of the Gods; North Cheyenne Cafion; Engelmann Cafion; Par- lin, Gunnison County; Minnehaha; Yampa; Villa Grove; Cerro Summit; Larimer County; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Howe’s Gulch; Redstone; Poudre Cafion; Clear Creek bottoms, below Georgetown; Em- pire. 4. Allium neo-mexicanum Rydb. In rocky places of Colo., N. M. and Ariz. —Headwaters of Clear Creek. 5. Allium cernuum Roth. In rich, rocky soil from N. Y. to Sask., Mont., W. Va. and Colo., but very rare in the Rocky Mountain region—Pagosa Springs. 6. Allium rubrum Osterhout. In rich ground from Colorado and Wyo- ming.—North Park, Continental Divide; in pastures along Walton Creek. 7. Allium Nuttallii S. Wats. In dry, rocky or sandy plains from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Denver; south- west of Ward, Boulder County. 8. Allium macropetalum Rydb. In the mountains of Colo.—Palisades. g. Allium Geyeri S. Wats. (A. dictyotum Greene; A. reticulatum deser- ticola Jones.) In dry soil and hillsides from N. D. to Wash. and N. M— Alt. 5000-11,500 ft—Upper La Plata Cafion; Indian Creek Pass; Pagosa Springs; near Ironton; Mt. Abram; Red Mountain road, near Ouray; Ci- marron; Swallows, between Pueblo and Cafion City; Dixon Cafion; Ft. Col- lins; mountains above Manitou; Como and vicinity; gulch west of Pen- nock’s; Spring Cafion; Moon’s ranch; Dillon Cafion; Medicine Bow Moun- tains. to. Allium reticulatum Fraser. In dry, gravelly soil from Sask. to Idaho, Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-8500 ft—Mesas near Pueblo; La Veta; Aztec; Arboles; South Park; Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Mountain; Quimby; Horsetooth Gulch. 11. Allium Pikeanum Rydb. In rocky places in Colo—Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft—Pike’s Peak: near Halfway House; Bald Mountain; Peak Valley. 12, Allium acuminatum Hook. In dry soil from Mont. to B. C., Col, Ariz. and Ore.—Alt. 6500-8500 ft—Mancos; Cerro Summit; Honnold; Du- rango; Dolores. 13. Allium Brandegei S. Wats. From Ida. to Wash., Colo. and Ore—Elk Mountains; Steamboat Springs; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. Family 27. LILIACEAE Adans. Lity Famity. Plant with a short rootstock; flowers subumbellate on subterranian pedicels from the crown of the rootstock; petals and sepals united into a long tube. 1. LEucocRINUM. Plant with bulbs or corms, either leafy-stemmed or scapiferous; petals and sepals distinct or nearly so. Bulb scaly; plant tall, leafy. Anthers versatile; petals and sepals oblanceolate, clawed with a linear nec- tariferous groove. z. Litium. LILIACEAE. 83 Anthers fixed near the base, slightly if at all versatile; petals and sepals obovate-oblanceolate, not clawed, in ours mottled; nectary a shallow pit. 3. FRITILLARIA. Bulb tunicated, anthers strictly basifixed. Leaves 2, basal or nearly so; flowers nodding. 4. ERYTHRONIUM. Leaves several, alternate; flowers not nodding. gs. Luoypta, a, LEUCOCRINUM Nutt. 1, Leucocrinum montanum Nutt. In sandy soil from S. D. to Mont. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft—Denver; headwaters of Clear Creek; Boulder; Pike’s Peak; Colorado Springs; Larimer County; New Windsor; Table Rock; Howe’s Gulch; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Spring Cafion; bank of Cache la Poudre River; Rist Cafion; bluffs north of La Porte; hills west of Soldier Cafion; vicinity of Horsetooth Gulch; Boulder; Colorado City. z. LILIUM L. Livy. Leaves linear. 1. L. umbellatum. Leaves lanceolate. 2. L. montanum. x. Lilium umbellatum Pursh. Hills, among bushes, from Hudson Bay to B. C., Ky. and Colo—Baxter’s ranch; Empire. 2. Lilium montanum A. Nelson. On hills, among bushes, from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Crystal Park; West Spanish Peak; Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango; Larimer County; Long Gulch; Stove Prairie Hill; Rist Cafion; Laramie River, at Sherwood’s. 3. FRITILLARIA L. Frititrary, Ticer Lity. 1. Fritillaria atropurpurea Nutt. On hillsides from N. Dak. to Ida., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9500 ft—Poverty Ridge, near Cimarron; Lamb’s ranch. 4. ERYTHRONIUM. Aovper’s-toncurt, DoG-ToorH VIOLET. a. Erythronium parviflorum (S. Wats.) Gooding. (£. grandiforum parvi- florum S. Wats.) On rich hillsides from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. 8500-11,500 ft—Cameron Pass; Bear Creek Divide; West La Plata Moun- tains; North Park; Grand Mesa; mountain west of North Park; source of Leroux; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 5. LLOYDIA Salisb. 1. Lloydia serotina (L.) Sweet. In exposed alpine or arctic regions from Mont. to Alaska and Colo.; also in the Old World.—Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft.— Crystal Lake; Arapahoe Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Red Mountain; Saddle Cliff, Pike’s Peak; Alpine Tunnel; Carson; West Spanish Peak; Mt. Hesperus; mountains above Graymont; Franklin; mountains northeast of Boreas. Family 28. CONVALLARIACEAE Link. Lity-or-rHE-VALLey FamIty. Sepals and petals distinct. Flowers white, in terminal racemes or panicles; anthers introrse, stem simple. 1. VAGNERA. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or in small umbelliform clusters; anthers extrorse or opening laterally; stem branched. 84 CALOCHORTACEAE. Flowers axillary, greenish-white; filaments slender; anthers acute. 2. STREPTOPUS, Flowers terminal, yellow; filaments dilated; anthers obtuse. 3. Disporum. Sepals and petals partially united into a tube; flowers axillary. 4. SALOMONIA. 1. VAGNERA Adans. Fatse Sotomon’s SEAL, WILD SPIKENARD. Inflorescence paniculate. Leaf-blades acuminate ; the lower contracted at the base into distinct petioles. 1. V. racemosa. Leaf-blades acute; all sessile and more or less clasping. 2. V. amplexicaulis. Inflorescence racemose. Petals and sepals linear or linear-lanceolate. 3. V. leptopetala. Petals and sepals oblong-lanceolate. Pedicels short, slightly if at all longer than the flowers or the fruit; leaves lanceolate, acute. 4. V. stellata. Pedicels long; the lower often 2-3 times as long as the flowers or the fruit; leaves narrowly lanceolate, long-attenuate. 5. V. liliacea. 1, Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong. (Smilacina racemosa Desf.) In moist woods from N. S. to Wash., Ga. and Calif—Alt. 6500-8500 ft—Ojo; Ouray; Boulder Cafion. 2. Vagnera amplexicaulis (Nutt.) Morong. (Smilacina amplexicaulis Nutt.) In rich woods from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 6000-9000 ft—La Plata River Cafion; Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co.; Black Cafion; Poverty Ridge, Cimarron; Redcliffe; Ouray; Veta Mountain; headwaters of Pass Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Gore Pass; banks of Fish Creek; gulch south of Boulder; Hematite. 3. Vagnera leptopetala Rydb. In dark, wooded cafions of Colo.—Alt. 9000-10,000 ft—Headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Dark Cafion; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; near Pagosa Peak; Los Pinos. 4. Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong. (Smilacina stellata Desf.) In open woodlands from Newf. to Sask., Mont., Va. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-12,000 ft.— Ojo; Halfway House, Pike’s Peak; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; banks of Poudre River, north of La Porte; Horsetooth Gulch; mountain north of Steamboat Springs; Franklin; Campton’s ranch. 5. Vagnera liliacea (Greene.) Rydb. (Smilacina sessilifolia of Coulter’s Man, in part, not Nutt.) In moist woodlands from S. D. to B. C., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 7500-9000 ft.—Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Van Boxle’s Ranch, above Cimarron; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pike’s Peak. 2. STREPTOPUS Michx. Twistep-sTALx. 1. Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. In moist wood from Greenl. to Alaska, N. C., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Rabbit- Ear Range; Upper La Plata River; near Pagosa Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Keblar Pass; Columbine; Grant Lake; Jack Brook; mountains above Beaver Creek; Bosworth’s ranch; Stove Prairie; Big Creek Gulch; Steam- boat Springs. 3. DISPORUM Salisb. 1. Disporum trachycarpum (S. Wats.) B. & H. (Prosartes trachycarpa S. Wats.) On mountain sides and in cafions from Man. to B. C., Colo. and CONVALLARIACEAE. 85 Ariz—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft—Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; mountains about Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Tunnel Mountain; gulch south of Boulder; foot-hills near Ft. Collins; Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co.; Eldora; Baltimore. 4. SALOMONIA. 1. Salomonia commutata (R. & S.) Britton. (Polygonatum giganteum Dietr.) River banks and moist woods from R. I. to Utah, Ga. and Ariz.— Locality not given. Family 29. DRACAENACEAE Link. Yucca Famity. Flowers perfect, large; ovary many-ovuled and capsule many-seeded. 1+. Yucca. Flowers polygamo-dioecious; ovules 2 in each cell; capsule often 1-seeded. 2. NOLINA. a. YUCCA. Yucca, SPANISH BAYONET. Fruit a dry capsule. Leaves narrowly linear, very long; style swollen, green. a. Y. glauca. Leaves linear-lanceolate, short; style not swollen, white. 2. Y. Harrimaniae. Fruit fleshy. 3. Y. baccata. 1. Yucca glauca Nutt. (Y. angustifolia Pursh.) On dry plains and hills from Nebr. to Mont., Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Walsenburg; near Boulder; Poudre flats, west of Ft. Collins. 2. Yucca Harrimaniae Trelease. On arid plains and hills of Utah and Western Colorado.—Alt. about 6500 ft—Cimarron; Durango. 3. Yucca baccata Torr. On arid plains from Colo. to Nev., Tex. to Calif. ; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Trinidad; hills south of Dolores; Durango. 2. NOLINA Michx. 1. Nolina Greenei S. Wats. Dry mesas, Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft— Trinidad. Family 30. CALOCHORTACEAE Rydb. Mariposa Lity Famity. 1. CALOCHORTUS Pursh. Mariposa Lity, Seco Liry. Petals abruptly acuminate; glands oblong. 1. C. acuminatus. Petals rounded or merely acute at the apex. Anthers obtuse; glands not broader than long. z. C, Nuttallii. Anthers acute; glands broader than long. 3. C. Gunnisonii. 1. Calochortus acuminatus Rydb. On dry hills from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. about 6500 ft—Mancos. 2, Calochortus Nuttallii T. & G. On hillsides from Mont. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 6000-7000 ft.—Cimarron. 3. Calochortus Gunnisonii S. Wats. In meadows from Mont. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—North Park, near Teller; Boulder; headwaters of Clear Creek; Middle Park; Mancos; Como; Piedra; Veta Pass; Jack’s Cabin, Gunnison watershed; Yampa; Ruxton Dell, near Pike’s Peak; La Veta; Villa Grove; Table Rock; Four Mile Hill; Spring Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Brant’s Soda Spring, near North Platte; Trinidad; Dixon Cafion. 86 TRILLIACEAE. Family 31. TRILLIACEAE Lindl. ‘TRriviium Famity. 1. TRILLIUM L. Trittium, WAKE-ROBIN. 1. Trillium ovatum Pursh. In rich woods from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif.—Alt. about 9000 ft——Columbine. Family 32. SMILACACEAE Vent. Smirax Famity. a. NEMEXIA Raf. SMILAx, CARRION-FLOWER. 1. Nemexia lasioneuron (Hook.) Rydb. (Smilax lasioneuron Hook.; S. herbacea Am. authors, in part; Nemexia herbacea melica A. Nelson) Among bushes from Sask. to western Nebr. and Colo—Horsetooth Gulch; along Buckhorn Creek, Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs; South Cheyenne Cafion. Order 17. AMARYLLIDALES. Family 33. [XIACEAE Ecklon. Iris Famity. Styles alternate with the stamens; petals and sepals nearly equal. a. SISYRINCHIUM. Styles opposite and arching over the stamens, sepals much larger than the petals, reflexed. 2. IRIs. a. SISYRINCHIUM L. BLueE-EYep Grass. Outer bracts of the spathe little or not at all longer than the inner. Small and slender; flowers 10 mm. or less long; capsule less than 3 mm. high. 1. S. halophilum. Stouter; flowers 12 mm. or more long; capsule 4 mm. or more high. 2. S. occidentale. Outer bracts of the spathe conspicuously prolonged, sometimes 2-3 times as long as the inner one. Petals and sepals not emarginate, narrowed to the aristulate tip. 3. S. alpestre. Petals and sepals more or less retuse or abruptly contracted to the aristulate apex. 4. S. angustifolium. 1. Sisyrinchium halophilum Greene. In alkaline meadows from Idaho to Colo. and Calif—Colorado (Bicknell). 2. Sisyrinchium occidentale Bickn. In wet meadows from Mont. to Idaho and Colorado.—North Park; Doyles; Sapinero. 3. Sisyrinchium alpestre Bickn. In mountain meadows of Colorado.— Alt. about 8000 ft—Parlin, Gunnison Co. 4. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Miller. In meadows and around streams from Newf. to the Mackenzie River and B. C., south to Va. and Colo.—Alkt. 4000-9000 ft—Gunnison; Arboles; near Seven Lakes, Pike’s Peak; Crystal Park; Dolores; Mancos; Chicken Creek; Grayback mining camps; Cu- charas River, below La Veta; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Ft. Collins; North Boulder Peak. z IRIS L. Iris, Brue Fac, Fieur-pe-Lis. 1. Iris missouriensis Nutt. In meadows, marshes and along streams from N. Dak. to Ida. Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 8000-10,000 ft—Mancos; Marshall IXIACEAE. 87 Pass; Crystal Park; Veta Mountain; Stove Prairie; river-flats near Ft. Collins; Ruxton ranch; Hematite; Cherry Creek; Andrew’s ranch. Order 18. ORCHIDALES. Family 34. ORCHIDACEAE Lindl. Orcuip Famity. I. Fertile stamens 2; lip a large inflated sack. 1. CYPRIPEDIUM. ‘II. Fertile stamen 1. A. Pollinia caudate at the base, attached to a viscid disk or gland. Gland surrounded by a thin membrane; lip toothed at the apex. 2. COELOGLOSSUM. Gland naked; lip entire. Sepals 3-5 nerved; plants with rootstocks or fibrous-fleshy roots. Stem scapiform, 1-leaved at the base; anther sacks divergent. 3. LySIELLa. Stem leafy; anther-cells parallel or nearly so. 4. LIMNORCHIS. Sepals 1-nerved; plants with rounded or oblong, undivided corms. 5. PIPERIA. B. Pollinia not produced into caudicles. 1. Pollinia granulose or powdery. Anthers operculate. 6. EpIpActIs. Anthers not operculate. Leaves green throughout, borne on the stem. Leaves alternate; spike mostly twisted. 7. IBIDIUM. Leaves 2, opposite; spike not twisted. 8. OpHrys. Leaves white-reticulate, basal. 9g. PERAMIUM. 2. Pollinia waxy or smooth. Plants with corms (solid bulbs) ; rarely if ever with corralloid roots; leaves solitary, not scale-like. Leaf cauline; lip not sackate; flowers small, racemose. to. ACHROANTHES. Leaf basal; lip saccate; flowers large, solitary. 11. CYTHEREA. Plants with coralloid roots; leaves numerous, reduced to scales. 12. CORALLORRHIZA. 1. CYPRIPEDIUM L. Laptes’ S.ipper. Leaves alternate; flowers solitary, terminal, or also in the axils of the upper leaves. Lip 2-2.5 cm.; rarely 3 cm. long. a. C. parviflorum. Lip 3.5-4 cm. long. 2. C. pubescens. Leaves 2, opposite or nearly so; flowers usually several, in a contracted bracted raceme. 3. Cy fasciculatum. 1. Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. In woods from Newf. to B. C., Ga. and Colo.—La Veta; Piedra. 2. Cypripedium pubescens Willd. In rich wood from N. S. to Minn., Ga. and Nebr.—Stove Prairie Hill. 3. Cypripedium fasciculatum Kell. In rich soil from Wash. to Calif. and Colo.—Estes Park. 2. COELOGLOSSUM Hartm. Lonc-pracrep OrcHISs. 1. Coeloglossum bracteatum (Willd.) Parl. In boggy woods from N. B. to Alaska, N. C. and Colo—Exact locality not given. 88 ORCHIDACEAE. 3. LYSIELLA Rydb. 1. Lysiella obtusata (Pursh) Rydb. In boggy places in the woods from Newf. to Alaska, N. Y. and Colo——Alt. 8500-11,500 ft—Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; North Park; Clear Creek; camp on Little Beaver Creek; bank of Michigan, North Park. 4. LIMNORCHIS Rydb. Boc Orcuup. Connective of the anther narrow; anther cells therefore close together; spur not longer than the tip. Flowers greenish or purplish. Spur %-2% as long as the lip, very saccate. Lip linear or nearly so, 5-7 mm. long; ovary slightly curved; spike elon- gated. 1. L. stricta. Lip lanceolate, fleshy 4-5 mm. long; ovary strongly curved; spike usually short. z. L. purpurascens. Spur almost equalling the lip, scarcely saccate. 3. L. viridifiora. Flowers whitish. 4. L. borealis. Connective of the anther broad; anther cells therefore distant; spur much ex- ceeding the tip. 5. L. laxiflora. 1. Limnorchis stricta (Lindl.) Rydb. In bogs from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Wash.—Alt. 8500-10,000 ft—Upper La Plata; Jack Brook; Twin Lakes; Manitou. 2. Limnorchis purpurascens Rydb. On rich brook-banks in the mountain woods of Colo.—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft—Gunnison; Parlin; Iron Mountain; Georgetown; Como; mouth of Cheyenne Cafion; Barnes’ Camp; camp on Little Beaver Creek; swamp above Beaver Creek; Franklin; mountains ‘north of Steamboat Springs. 3. Limnorchis viridiflora (Cham.) Rydb. (Habenaria hyperborea S. Wats. and of Coult. Man.; not R. Br.) In bogs from Alb. to Alaska and Colo.— Alt. 6500-10,000 ft—McCoy; Ouray; Gunnison; La Veta; Cascade; Piedra; Wahatoya Creek; Georgetown; West La Plata Mountains; Clear Creek; Barnes’ Camp; mountains above Ouray; mountain north of Steamboat Springs. 4. Limnorchis borealis (Cham.) Rydb. (Habenaria dilatata of Coult. Man.) In bogs from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Wash.—Alt. 8500-10,000 ft—Chambers’ Lake; Columbine; Veta Pass; Graymont; Gore Pass; sum- mit of North Park Range. 5. Limnorchis laxiflora Rydb. In bogs from Ore. to Colo. and Utah— Uncompahgre Mountains; Los Pinos; Franklin. 5. PIPERIA Rydb. 1. Piperia unalaschensis (Spreng.) Rydb. (Habenaria Unalaschensis S. Wats.) In damp rich woods from Mont. to Alaska, Colo: and Calif.—Alt. about 8500 ft—South Boulder Peak. 6. EPIPACTIS R. Br. HE. ezorine. 1. Epipactis gigantea Dougl. In rich woodlands from Mont. to B. C, Western Tex. and Calif—Alt. about 8500 ft—Glenwood Springs. ORCHIDACEAE. 89 7. IBIDIUM Salisb. Lapirs’ TREssEs. Callosities at the base of the lip obsolete; lower sepals coherent with the petals and upper sepal. 1. G. stricta. Callosities nipple-shaped, directed downward; lower sepals free. 2. G. porrifolia. 1. Ibidium strictum (Rydb.) House. (Spiranthes Romanzoffiana of Coul- ter’s Man.; not Cham.; Gyrostachys stricta Rydb.) In springy places, rich hillsides and open woods from Newf. to Alaska, Pa. and Colo—Alt. 5000- 10,000 ft.—Gunnison; West Cliff; Cabin Cafion; Jack’s Cabin; Parlin; Waha- toya Creek; Marshall Pass; Twin Lakes; Empire. 2. Ibidium porrifolium (Lind.) Rydb. In marshes from Ida. to Wash., Colo. and Cal.—Camp Harding, near Pike’s Peak. 8. OPHRYS (Tourn.) L. Twayevane. Lip broad at the base, with distinct auricles, slightly cleft at the apex; leaves oblong to oval. i. L. borealis. Lip narrow and narrowed at the base, 2-cleft for about half its length into linear- lanceolate lobes, without auricles, but with a pair of divergent teeth; leaves reniform. 2. L. nephrophylla. 1. Ophrys borealis (Morong) Rydb. (Listera borealis Morong) In woods from Hudson Bay to the Mackenzie and Mont.; also in Colo.—Saguache Range. 2. Ophrys nephrophylla Rydb. (Listera cordata Am. auth., partly; not R. Br.; Listera nephrophylla Rydb.) In woods from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 10,000-11,500 ft—Larimer Co.; Slide Rock Cafion, West La Plata Mountains; Beaver Creek; Franklin. 9. PERAMIUM Salisb. RAtTLe-SNAKE PLANTAIN. Lip evidently sackate, with recurved margins. 1. P. ophiodes. Lip scarcely sackate, with incurved margins. z. P, Menziesii. 1. Peramium ophioides (Fernald) Rydb. In woods from Prince Edwards Island to the Black Hills of S. D., N. C. and Colo—aAlt. about 8500 ft— Minnehaha; Pike’s Peak. 2. Peramium Menziesii (Lindl.) Morong. (Goodyeara Menziesii Lindl.) In mountain woods from Que. to B. C., N. Y. and Calif.—Alt. 7500-9000 ft— Mt. Abram, Ouary; Pagosa Peak. 1o. ACROANTHES Raf. Appers’ MoutH. 1. Acroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene. In woods from Que. to Minn. Pa. and Colo—Alt. about 7500 ft—Glen Mountain Falls. 11. CYTHEREA Salisb. Catypso. 1. Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House. (Calypso borealis Salisb.) In cold woods from Lab. to Alaska, Me. and Calif.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Telluride; East Indian Creek. 90 ORCHIDACEAE. + 12, CORALLORRHIZA R. Br. CorAat-Root. The small spur or callosity adnate to the ovary. Lip entire; whole plant yellow. 1. C. ochroleuca. Lip with 2 lobes or teeth below the middle; plant brownish. Lobes or teeth small; lip unspotted ; spur very small. 2. C. Corallorrhiza. Lobes prominent; lip spotted; spur manifest. 3. C. multifiora. Spur or callosity lacking. 4. C. Vreelandii. 1, Corallorrhiza ochroleuca Rydb. In woods of western Nebr. and Colo.— Alt. about 8500 ft—Near La Veta. 2. Corallorrhiza Corallorrhiza (L.) Karst. (C. innate R. Br.) In woods from N. Sc. to Alaska, Ga. and Colo.—Alt. about 10,000 ft—Caribou. 3. Corallorrhiza multiflora Nutt. In woods from N. S. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9500 ft.—Crystal Forest; Damfino Creek; Ouray; Cas- cade Cafion; West Indian Creek; Sangre de Cristo Creek; near Pagosa Peak; North Boulder Peak; Elizabethtown. 4. Corallorrhiza Vreelandii Rydb. In wet woods of Colo. and N. M.—AIt. about 8500 ft—Veta Mountain; Pennock’s mountain ranch. Sub-class 2. DICOTYLEDONES. Order 19. SALICALES. Family 35. SALICACEAE Lindl. Witiow Famtty. Bracts incised; disk cup-shaped; stamens usually 10 or more; stigmata elongated and expanded; winter buds with several scales. 1. Poputus. Bracts entire; disk reduced to 1 or more small glands; stamens less than 10, usually 2; stigmas short, not expanded; winter-buds with one scale each. 2. SALIX. 1. POPULUS L. Poprar, Corronwoop, ASPEN. Petioles strongly flattened laterally. Leaf-blades suborbicular, acute or very short acuminate. 1. P. tremuloides. Leaf-blades broadly deltoid or cordate, abruptly long acuminate. Teeth of the leaves few, less than 10 on each side; cup of the pistillate flowers 6-8 mm. broad; pedicels equalling or exceeding the capsule. 2. P. Wislizeni. «Teeth of the leaves many, more than 10 on each side; cup of the pistillate flowers less than 6 mm. broad; pedicels shorter than the capsule. 3. P. occidentalis. Petioles terete or nearly so. Petioles half as long as the blade or longer; blades ovate or rhombic, abruptly long-acuminate. 4. P. acuminata. Petioles about one-third as long as the blades or less; blades lanceolate, not abruptly acuminate. 5. P. angustifolia. 1. Populus tremuloides Michx. In open woods and on mountain sides from Newf. to Alaska, Tenn. and Nev.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Near Georgetown; Cheyenne Cafion; dry rocks, Cheyenne Mountain; Minnehaha; chaparrel- covered hills southeast of Ouray; South Park; near Pagosa Peak; South Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Ojo; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Rist Cafion; Fort Collins; Redstone; Howe’s Gulch. z. Populus Wislizeni (S. Wats.) Sarg. In cafions and on river banks from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz—aAlt. 4000-9000 ft—River bottoms, Arboles; Grand Junction; plains, Colorado Springs. 3. Populus occidentalis (Rydb.) Britton. (P. deltoides occidentalis Rydb.; P. angulata Port. & Coult.; not Ait.) In river valleys and hillsides from Sask. to Mont., Kans. and Ariz—AlIt. 4000-7000 ft—Plains near Denver; Walsenburg; Palisade; near Boulder; Lyons; Fort Collins; along the Arkan- sas River, Lamar; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Populus acuminata Rydb. On river bottoms and in cafions from the Black Hills of S. D. to Ida., N. M. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Fort Col- lins; Walsenburg; Denver; Hardin’s ranch; Redstone. 5. Populus angustifolia James. In cafions and along streams from N. D. to Wash., N. M. and Calif—AlIt. 6000-11,000 ft—Pike’s Peak; Upper Platte; plains near Denver; South Cheyenne Cafion, Colorado Springs; Gunnison; 91 92 SALICACEAE. Cimarron; chaparrel-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Fort Collins; Mancos; Garden of the Gods; near Boulder; Rist Cafion; banks of the Poudre River; Redstone; Hardin’s ranch; Trinidad. @ 2. SALIX L. Wixttow. Capsule glabrous. Filaments hairy, at least below; bracts caducous, light yellow. Stamens 3-7; stipe slender, 2-5 times as long as the nectaries. Petioles without glands; leaves serrulate, thin. I, AMYGDALINAE, Petioles with glands; leaves densely glandular-serrate. II. PENTANDRAE. Stamens 2; stipe very short or none. III. Lonerrorrae. Filaments glabrous; bracts persistant, seldom light yellow. IV. Corpatae. Capsule hairy. Filaments hairy. Leaf-blades linear to lanceolate not very veiny; bracts caducous; tall shrubs. III. Lonerroriae. Leaf-blades oval or suborbicular, very veiny; bracts persistent; depressed shrubs. IX. RETICULATAE. Filaments glabrous; bracts more or less persistent. Capsule rostrate, distinctly stipitate; style none or short, always shorter than the stipe. Stipe equalling or exceeding the bracts; styles 1% mm. or less long. V. ROSTRATAE. Stipe shorter than the bracts; styles usually about 1 mm. long. VI. BRACHYSTACHYAE. Capsule scarcely rostrate, subsessile or if stipitate, stipe shorter than the style. Style evident, at least 14 mm. long. Leaves permanently white-silky or tomentose, at least beneath. VII. PELuirae. Leaves either green or grayish beneath. VIII. Arcricag. Style none; depressed shrubs with entire strongly veined leaves. IX. RETICULATAE. I, AMYGDALINAEF. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate; petioles short. a. S. Wrightii. Leaf-blades broadly lanceolate; petioles slender. z. S. amygdaloides. , II. PENTANDRAE, Represented only by 3. S. Fendleriana. III. Lonciroxrae, Capsule glabrous. Capsule sessile. 4. S. exigua. Capsule stipitate. Leaves permanently silky. Leaves 3-5 mm. wide; ovary without hairy swelling at the apex. 5. S. luteosericea. Leaves 2-3 mm. wide; ovary with a hairy swelling at the apex. 6. S. stenophylla. Leaves glabrous when mature. 7. S. linearifolia. Capsule more or less pubescent. Capsule sparingly silky, often becoming glabrous in age. Leaves permanently silky; bracts not densely silky. 5. S. luteosericea. Leaves glabrous or nearly so when mature; bracts densely silky; aments dense. 8. S. sessiliflora. Capsule densely white-villous; stigma sessile. 9. S. argophylla. SALICACEAE, 93 IV. Corpatar. Capsule long-stipitate; stipe in fruit 1.;-6 mm. long, equalling or longer than the bracts; style 0.5 mm. or less long; aments leafy-peduncled. Leaves dark green above, strongly serrate; young branches not light $ellow. to. S. cordata. Leaves yellowish green, entire or crenulate; young branches light yellow. 11. S. Watsoni. Capsule subsessile or very short-stipitate; stipe in fruit less than 1.5 mm. long and much shorter than the bracts; style 0.5-1.5 mm. long; aments subsessile and naked or subtended by a few small leaves. Branches without a bloom. Leaves lanceolate to ovate or obovate, more or less distinctly serrate. Leaves thin, ovate or obovate, light green and dull above. 12. S. padophylla. Leaves firm, dark-green and shining above, lanceolate. Style 1.5 mm. long; aments 2.5-6 cm. long. 13. S. pseudocordata. Style less than 1 mm. long; aments 1-2.5 cm. long. 14. S. monticola. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong, entire. 15. S. Wolfi. Branches with a bloom. 16. S. irrorata, V. RostRATAE. Leaves linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate. Leaves more or less silky; branches usually with a bloom. 17. S. Geyeriana. Leaves not silky; branches without a bloom. 18. S. macrocarpa. Leaves ovate to obovate. Fi Mature leaves thin, glabrous, faintly nerved. 19. S. perrostrata. Mature leaves firm, pubescent or tomentose beneath, more strongly nerved. 20. S. Bebbiana. VI. BracHYSTACHYAE. Only represented by 21. S. Nuttallii. VII. PEtiitae. Only represented by 22. S. pachnophora. VIII. Arcticar. Leaves grayish-villous on both sides, although Jess so above. Twigs white-villous; branches yellow or grayish. 23. S. brachycarpa. Twigs puberulent, rarely villous; branches usually purplish. Leaf-blades oblong or linear-oblong; bracts obovate; shrub depressed. 24. S. pseudolapponum. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or ,obovate-oblanceolate; bracts oblong; shrub not depressed. 25. S. glaucops. . Leaves glabrate or when young covered with white hairs parallel to the mid- rib. Shrubs not creeping; leaf-blades oval to oblong or lanceolate. Aments leafy-peduncled. 25. S. glaucops glabrata. Aments subsessile, naked from lateral buds. 26. S. chlorophylla. Shrubs creeping; leaf-blades obovate to oblanceolate. : 27. S. petrophila. IX. RETICULATAE. Only represented by 28. S. saximontana, 1. Salix Wrightii Anders. Along streams from Tex. to Colo. and Calif. — Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Arkansas River; Denver. 2. Salix amygdaloides Anders. Along streams from Que. to Wash., N. Y., Mo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Plains, Colorado Springs; Denver; Wal- 94 SALICACEAE. senburg; Cucharas river, below La Veta; mesas near Pueblo; Fort Collins; near Boulder; gulch west of Pennock’s mountain ranch; Trinidad; La Porte. 3. Salix Fendleriana Anders. (S. pentandra caudata Nutt.; S. lasiandra Fendleréana Bebb.) Wet mountain valleys and along streams from Alb. to B. C., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—New Windsor; Gunnison; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Los Pinos; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Ojo; Mancos; Cimarron; Fort Collins; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Trail Creek; Steamboat Springs. 4. Salix exigua Nutt. On river-banks from Mackenzie River to Wash., Colo. and Calif—AlIt. 5000-10,000 ft—Plains, Colorado Springs; Twin Lakes; North Park; Los Pinos; Trinidad. 5. Salix luteosericea Rydb. On sandy river-bats from Neb. to Mont., Ida. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Fort Collins; plains, Larimer Co.; Walsen- burg; Sterling, Logan Co.; near Boulder; Elizabethtown; Denver; Walton Creek; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Rist Cafion; Dolores. 6. Salix stenophylla Rydb. Along streams from Tex. to Colo. and N. M. —A\lt. 4000-8000 ft—Mancos; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; Gunnison; Cerro Summit. ; 7. Salix linearifolia Rydb. (S. longifolia tenerrima Henders.) Along streams from Minn. and Sask. to Wash., Ark. and Colo.—Exact locality not given. : 8. Salix sessiliflora Nutt. Along streams from Alb. to Mont., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Grand Cafion; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Grand Junction; Cerro Summit. g. Salix argophylla Nutt. Along streams from Mont. to Wash., Tex. and Calif—Alt. about 5000 ft—Fort Collins; Rist Cafion. to. Salix cordata angustata (Pursh) Anders. In river-valleys from N. B. to Wash., Va. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Los Pinos; Walsenburg; Cucharas River, below La Veta; on Turkey Creek and tributaries. 11. Salix Watsoni (Bebb.) Rydb. (S. cordata Watsoni Bebb.; S. flava Rydb.; not Schoepf.) In river-valleys from Mont. to Calif. and Colo.—Alt. 6000-7000 ft.—Manitou; South Park; Middle Park; Walsenburg; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 12. Salix padophylla Rydb. In valleys from Mont. to N. M.—AIt. 8000- 11,000 ft—Los Pinos; Pass Creek; Ojo; Bob Creek, West La Plata Moun- tains; North Park; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Gunnison; Carson; Silverton; near Chambers’ Lake; Dolores. 13. Salix pseudocordata Anders. (S. Novae-Angliae pseudocordata Anders.) Along streams from Sask. to Alb. and Colo—AlIt. 6000-7000 ft. —Manitou; North Park; South Cheyenne Cafion. 14. Salix monticola Bebb. In mountain valleys from Alb. to Ore., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 2200-3000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Lake City; Georgetown; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; North Cheyenne Cafion; Chamber’s Lake; Sheep Creek, above Campton’s. 15. Salix Wolfii Bebb. In mountain valleys of Wyoming and Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,500 ft—South Park; Tennessee Pass; on Grizzly Creek; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; North Park; Rico; Eldora to Baltimore; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. SALICACEAE. 95 16. Salix irrorata Anders. In cafions and along streams from Colo, to N. M.—AIt. 6000-9000 ft.—-Dry rocks, Cheyenne Mountain; Manitou; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; South Cheyenne Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Los Pinos; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Gunnison; Crested Butte, Gunnison watershed; Grizzly Creek; Sheep Creek, above Campton’s; Horse- tooth Gulch; Rist Cafion; Howe’s Gulch. 17. Salix Geyeriana Anders. In mountain valleys along streams from Wyo. to Wash., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Mountains of Estes Park; Minturn; Columbine; Sargent’s; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 18. Salix macrocarpa Nutt. Along streams in the mountains from Wyo. to Wash. and Colo.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft——Seven Lakes; Stove Prairie, Lari- mer Co. * 1g. Salix perrostrata Rydb. In valleys and in wet places in the foot-hills from Hudson Bay to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. 1500-2700 ft—Foot-hills, Colo- rado Springs; foot-hills west of Fort Collins; Los Pinos; South Cheyenne Cafion; Ruxton; Green Mountain Falls; Ojo; Cimarron; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Pike’s Peak Trail; Rist Cafion; mountains north- east of Dolores; Boulder. 20. Salix Bebbiana Sarg. (5S. rostrata Richardson) In valleys and on hillsides from Anticosti to Alaska, N. J. and Calif—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft— Manitou; Ruxton Dell; Pike’s Peak; North Park, Larimer Co.; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Boulder; Beaver Creek. 21. Salix Nuttallii Sarg. (S. favescens Nutt.) Along streams and in wet valleys from Ass. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif.—AIt. 7o00-11,000 ft.—Hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Wahatoya Cafion; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; mountains, Larimer Co.; Artists’ Glen; North Cheyenne Cafion; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Mount Baldy; Barnes’ Camp on Little South; Redstone; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 22. Salix pachnophora Rydb. In the mountains along streams, Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Rico, Dolores Co.; along Uncompahgre River; near Ouray; Chambers’ Lake; Hahn’s Peak, Routt Co.; Rabbit-Ears. 23. Salix brachycarpa Nutt. (Salix desertorum stricta Anderson; S. stricta Rydb.) In springy places in the mountains from Que. to Alb. and Colo.— Alt. 7o0o0-11,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Pike’s Peak; Sheep Creek, above Camp- ton’s; near Higho; Veta Pass, Sangre de Cristo Range; Walden, Larimer Co. 24. Salix pseudolapponum Seem. On mountain tops of Colorado.—Alt. 9000-13,000 ft.—Gray’s Peak; Georgetown; Cimarron Pass; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Sierra Blanca; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; West Spanish Peak; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Twin Lakes; Bottomless Pit; east slope Pike’s Peak; Dead Lake; Tennessee Pass; bank of Michigan, North Park; mountains above Graymont; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass. 25. Salix glaucops Anders. In alpine bogs and springy places from Alb. to Yukon Terr., Colo. and Calif—AIt. 7o00-13,000 ft—In var. glabrata Anders., the leaves are nearly glabrous above—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Brush Creek, Custer Co.; mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co.; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Abram, 96 SALICACEAE. Ouray; Sheep Creek, above Campton’s; Sierra Blanca; near Pagosa Peak; Silver Plume; timber line, Pike’s Peak; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Marshall’s Pass; Car- son; Lake Moraine; mountains above Boreas; head of Red River, Frankin; Hematite; Cameron Pass; southeast of Jefferson; Empire. 26. Salix chlorophylla Anders. In mountain bogs from Lab. to Alaska, N. H. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Georgetown; Clear Creek, Middle Park; Alpine Tunnel; mountains above Boreas; Pike’s Peak; Little Kate Basin; Wahatoya Cafion; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Columbine; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Carson; Marshall Pass; mountains above Boreas; Cameron Pass; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co.; Beaver Creek; North Park Range, Routt Co. s 27. Salix petrophila Rydb. (S. arctica petraea Anderson) On exposed mountain tops from N. H. to B. C., Colo. and Utah—Alt. 12,000-14,000 it. —Gray’s Peak; near Pagosa Peak; mountains above Boreas; Mt. Howard; Marshall Pass. 28. Salix saximontana Rydb. (S. reticulata Port. & Coult. in part) On exposed mountain tops from Wyo. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 9000-14,000 ft.— Clear Creek, Middle Park; Arapahoe Peak; Argentine Pass; Floral Moun- tain; Georgetown; Mt. Hesperus; mountains above Cameron Pass; Gray’s Peak; Bald Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Mount Garfield; Sierra Blanca; Alpine Tunnel; Franklin; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; Ethel Peak, Larimer Co. Order 20. FAGALES. Staminate and pistillate flowers both in aments; fruit not with a bur or cup. Staminate flowers 2 or 3 together in the axils of the bracts, each with a calyx; pistillate flowers without a calyx. 36. BETULACEAE. Staminate flowers solitary in the axils of each bract without a calyx; pistillate flowers with a calyx. 37. CORYLACEAE. Staminate flowers in aments; pistillate often solitary, the involucre becoming a cup or bur. 38. FAGACEAE. Family 36. BETULACEAE Agardh. Bircu Famity. Stamens 2; bracts of the mature pistillate aments membranous, usually 3-lobed, deciduous with the nut. 1, BETULA. Stamens usually 4 (3-6); bracts of the mature pistillate aments thickened and woody, erose or toothed, persistent. z. ALNUS. 1. BETULA L. Bircz. Wings of the fruit much wider than the body; trees or tall shrubs. a. B. fontinalis. Wing of the fruit usually narrower than the body; low shrubs. z. B. glandulosa. 1. Betula fontinalis Sarg. (B. occidentalis S. Wats.; not Hook.) Along streams from S. D. and Alb. to Yukon Terr., N. M. and Ore.—Alt. 5000- gooo ft—Walsenburg; Garland; Engelmann Cafion; foot-hills, Fort Collins; Livermore, Larimer Co.; South Cheyenne Cafion; North Cheyenne Cajfion; Ojo; Pass Creek; foot-hills near Fort Collins; Elizabethtown; Howe’s Gulch; west of Rist Cafion; Rist Cafion; Eldora to Baltimore; Elk River, Routt Co. BETULACEAE, 97 2. Betula glandulosa Michx. In bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 9000-11,000 ft—Middle Park; Argentine Pass; Cameron Pass; mountains above Como; Twin Lakes; Seven Lakes; Blue River; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Ruxton Park; head of Muddy River, Mid- dle Park; Pike’s Peak; Tennessee Pass; Silverton; Breckenridge; between Como and Boreas; bank of the Big Muddy; western Gunnison Co.; Eldora to Baltimore. z. ALNUS Gaertn. ALDER. 1. Alnus tenuifolia Nutt. (A. incana virescens S. Wats.) Along streams from Mont. to Alaska, N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Ojo;,Turkey Creek and tributaries; cafion, Idaho Springs; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Hermosa; near Pagosa Peak; head- waters of Pass Creek; Larimer Co.; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Par- lin; Colorado Springs; Black Cafion of the Gunnison; Rist Cafion; foot- hills near Fort Collins; Steamboat Springs; Dolores. Family 37. CORYLACEAE Mirbel. Hazet-Nut Famity. 1. CORYLUS L. Hazet-Nvut. 1. Corylus rostrata Ait. In thickets and open woods and on hillsides from N. S. to N. D., Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 1200-8000 ft—Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; North Cheyenne Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Rist Cafion; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; vicinity of Arthur’s Rock. Family 38. FAGACEAE Drude. Berecu Famity. 1. QUERCUS L. Oax. Leaves lobed or divided, not evergreen; lobes rounded, obtuse or acute, but not spinulose-tipped. Leaves bright green, early deciduous. Mature leaves softly pubescent, almost velvety beneath, deeply divided. 1. Q. utahensis. Mature leaves glabrate, puberulent or somewhat pubescent, but not velvety beneath. Cup flat, covering less than 14 of the acorn. z. Q. Vreelandii. Cup hemispheric, covering 44 to % of the acorn. Acorns barrel-shaped, obtuse. Mature leaves very thin, glabrate beneath or puberulent only on the veins; cup covering about %4 of the acorn; scales of cup thin. 3. Q. leptophylla. Mature leaves firm, puberulent beneath, cup covering about % of the acorn; scales of cup thick, corky. Leaves mostly oblong in outline, lobed halfway to the midrib or less, rather dull. 4. Q. Gunnisonii. Leaves obovate in outline, divided deeper than halfway to the mid- rib, very shining above. Lobes of the leaves broadly oblong, rounded at the apex. 5. Q. nitescens. Lobes of the leaves ovate or triangular, acute. 6. Q. novomexicana. 98 FAGACEAE. Acorns ovoid, acute; cup covering about % of the acorn. 7. Q. Gambellii. Leaves pale green, more persistent. Lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse or acutish, not mucronate. 8. QO. venustula. Lobes triangular-ovate, mucronate. 9. Q. Fendleri. Leaves persistent, evergreen, sinuate ; lobes or teeth spinulose-tipped or mucronate. Leaves decidedly crisped, sinuately lobed; lobes distinctly spinulose-tipped. 10. Q. pungens. Leaves flat, sinuately toothed; teeth mucronate or slightly spinulose-tipped. 11. Q. undulata. 1. Quercus utahensis (A. DC.) Rydb. (Q. stellata Utahensis A. DC.) A small tree, often 10 feet or more high, growing in the mountain regions of Utah, Colo., Ariz. and N. M.—AlIt. 4000-9000 ft—Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Trinidad; Glenwood Springs; Mancos; North Cheyenne Cafion; Wahatoya Cafion; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Manitou; Mancos Cafion; west of Palmer Lake; Glen Eyrie. 2. Quercus Vreelandii Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 1-1.5 m. high, growing on hillsides in Colo. and N. M.—AIt. 4000-9000 ft.—Chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Cerro; Glenwood Springs; butte five miles south- west of La Veta; South Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs. 3. Quercus leptophylla Rydb. A tree, 10-15 m. high, growing along streams in the mountains of Colorado—AIt. 5500-8500 ft—Turkey Creek and tribu- taries; Cucharas River, above La Veta; North Cheyenne Cafion; Routt Co.; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains. 4. Quercus Gunnisonii (Torr.) Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on hillsides and mesas from Colo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 6000-8000 ft—North Cheyenne Cafion; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Colorado Springs; Cochetopa Pass; Cafion of Arkansas; Cafion City; Durango; hills back of Manitou; Steamboat Springs; Denver. 5. Quercus nitescens Rydb. A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, grow- ing on mesas and hillsides, but along streams sometimes forming a small tree; in Colo. and eastern Utah.—Alt. 6000-11,000 ft—Butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Glenwood Springs; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; West Mancos Cajion; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Los Pinos; Ute Pass, near Pike’s Peak; Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike’s Peak. 6. Quercus novomexicana (A. DC.) Rydb. (Q. Douglasti Novomexicana A. DC.) A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, or along streams a small tree, from Colo. to Utah and N. M.—AIt. 4000-9000 ft——Glenwood Springs; Engelmann Cafion; between Pallas and Sydney; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Mancos; Manitou; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Chey- enne Mountain; Cafion City. 7- Quercus Gambellii Nutt. A chaparral-forming shrub, 3-5 m. high, grow- ing on hillsides from Colo. to Utah and N. M—AIt. 6500-9000 ft—Chaparral- covered hills southeast of Ouray; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Gunnison; Twelve-Mile Creek; north of Cheyenne Cafion; Manitou; Cafion of the Arkansas; South Park; Ute Pass; Garden of the Gods. 8. Quercus venustula Greene. A small shrub, 1-2 m. high, known only from the type locality—Raton Mountains, near Trinidad. FAGACEAE. 99 9. Quercus Fendleri Liebm. A shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on dry hillsides from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Mesas near Colorado Springs; McElmo Cafion; Raton Mountains, near Trinidad; Cafion of Ar- kansas; Green Horn Mountains; Poncho Pass; Purgatory River, near Trinidad. 1o. Quercus pungens Liebm. (Q. undulata Wrightti Engelm.) A low shrub, I-3 m. high, on dry hills from Colo. to Utah, Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Cafion City; Arkansas Cafion. 11, Quercus undulata Torr. (Q. undulata Jamesii Engelm.) A shrub, 1-3 m. high, growing on dry hills from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.—“ Rocky Moun- tains”; Cafion of the Arkansas; Steamboat Springs. Order 21. URTICALES. Style and stigma 1; ovules erect or ascending; herbs with small greenish flowers ; fruit an achene. 39. URTICACEAE. Styles and stigmas 2; ovules pendulous. Herbs or herbacious vines with opposite leaves; fruit an achene. 40. CANNABINACEAE. Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves ; fruit a samara or drupe. 41. ULMACEAE. Family 39. URTICACEAE Reichenb. NerrLe Famity. Herbs with stinging hairs; leaves opposite; flowers not involucrate. 1. Urtica. Herbs without stinging hairs; leaves alternate; flowers involucrate by leafy bracts. z. PARIETARIA. 1. URTICA L. NErTTLE. Teeth of the leaves ovate, strongly directed forward; stem sparingly strigose and bristly. 1. U. gracilis. Teeth of the leaves broadly triangular, not strongly directed forward; stem glabrous or nearly so. 2. U. gracilenta. 1. Urtica gracilis Ait. In alluvial soil along streams from N. S., to Alaska, N. C. and N. M.—AIt. 4000-9000 ft—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Fort Collins; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Gunnison; Spring Cafion; Campton’s ranch. z. Urtica gracilenta Greene. (U. Breweri Coulter; not S. Wats.) Along streams from Wyo. to Tex. and N. M.—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Near Pagosa Peak. z. PARIETARIA L. Pe tirtory. Leaf-blades lanceolate, 2-7 cm. long, twice as long as the petioles or longer. 1. P. pennsylvanica. Leaf-blades oblong or ovate-oblong, 0.5-2 cm. long, not twice as long as the petioles. 2. P, obtusa. 1. Parietaria pennsylvanica Muhl. On shaded banks and hillsides from Dnt. to B. C., Fla. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Steamboat Springs; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Black Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Pennock’s mountain ranch; along Poudre River, near Fort Collins; Horsetooth Gulch. 100 URTICACEAE. 2. Parietaria obtusa Rydb. In shaded places from Colo. to Utah, Tex. and Calif—Alt. up to 6000 ft—El Paso; Sunset Cafion. Family 40. CANNABINACEAE Lindl. Hemp Famity. 1. HUMULUS L. Hops. 1. Humulus lupulus neo-mexicanus Cockerell. The native hops of the Rocky Mountain region has deeper divided leaves and more sharply acuminate bracts than the cultivated variety. It grows along streams from Wyo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft.—Fort Collins; Colorado Springs; along the Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Walsen- burg; Manitou; cafion west of Palmer Lake; along Cache la Poudre River; Poudre Cafion. Family 41. ULMACEAE Mirbel. Em Famity. : x. CELTIS L. Hacxserry. 1. Celtis reticulata Torr. (C. occidentalis Port. & Coult.; not L.) On hillsides, in rocky places, from Tex. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— “Colorado,” locality not given; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; near Os- borne City; Golden; gulch west of Pennock’s mountain ranch; foot-hills 6-8 miles west of Fort Collins. Order 22. SANTALALES. Leaves opposite: fruit a berry; tree-parasites. 42. LORANTHACEAE. Leaves alternate: fruit a drupe or nut; root-parasites or saprophytes. 43. SANTALACEAE. Family 42. LORANTHACEAE D. Don. MistLeror Famity. Anthers 2-celled; pollen-grains smooth; berry globose, pulpy and semi-translucent. 1. PHORADENDRON. Anthers 1-celled; pollen spinulose ; berry compressed, fleshy, opaque. 2. RAZOUMOFSKYA. 1, PHORADENDRON Nutt. 1. Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. Parasitic on species of Sabina from Colo. and Ore. to Tex. and Calif.; also in Mex.—Mancos; Hotchkiss; Pax- ton ranch. 2. RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. Staminate flowers all or nearly all terminal on distinct peduncles, dichotomously paniculate (on Pinus Murrayana, contorta and divaricata). 1. R. americana. Staminate flowers nearly all axillary, forming simple or compound spikes. Branches 1-2 mm. in diameter. Plant yellowish-green; accessory branches of fruiting specimens flower- bearing. Spikes short, 3-5-flowered; stems bluntly angled (on Pseudotsuga mucro- nata). 2. R. Douglasii. Spikes many-flowered; stems sharply angled (on Pinus flevilis). 3. R. cyanocarpa. LORANTHACEAE, 101 Plant greenish-brown; accessory branches merely leaf-bearing (on Caryopitys edulis and monophylla). 4. R. divaricata. Branches 3-4 mm. in diameter (on Pinus scopulorum, and ponderosa). 5. R. cryptopoda, 1. Razoumofskya americana (Nutt.) Kuntze. (Arceuthobium Americanum Nutt.) Parasitic on Pinus Murrayana, contorta and divaricata, from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. and Ore.—Dillon; Grand Lake; Sunset. z. Razoumofskya Douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze. (A. Douglasit Engelm.) Parasitic on Pseudotsuga, from Ida. to N. M.—South Cheyenne Cafion; El Paso Co.; West Mancos Cafion. 3. Razoumofskya cyanocarpa A. Nels. Parasitic on Pinus flexilis, from Wyo. to Colo.—Cheyenne Mountain. 4. Razoumofskya divaricata (Engelm.) Kuntze. (A. divaricatum Engelm.) Parasitic on Caryopitys edulis and monophylla—Mancos; Dillon. 5. Razoumofskya cryptopoda (Engelm.) Coville. (Arceuthobium crypto- podum Engelm.; A. robustum Engelm.) Parasitic on Pinus scopulorum and pondcrosa.—Between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; West Indian Creek; Custer Co.; Stove Prairie Hill; Rist Cafion. Family 43. SANTALACEAE R. Br. Sanpat-woop FamIty. 1. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastarp Toap-FLAx. 1. Comandra pallida A. DC. On plains and hills from Man., Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Los Pinos; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Fort Collins; Boulder; Dolores; along Poudre River; Horsetooth Gulch; Colorado City; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. Order 23. POLYGONALES. Family 44. POLYGONACEAE Lindl. Buckwueat Fami_y. Flowers subtended by involucres; stamens 9. 1. ERIoGoNUM. Flowers not involucrate; stamens 4-8. Stigmas tufted. Perianth 6-parted; styles 3-parted; achenes 3-angled. 2. RuMEx. Perianth 4-parted; style 2-parted; achenes lenticular. 3- OxyRIA. Stigmas capitate. Leaf-blades jointed at the base; ochreae 2-lobed, becoming lacerate ; filaments at least the inner dilated. 4. PoLyconum. Leaf-blades not jointed at the base; ochreae not 2-lobed; filaments slender. Ochreae cylindric, truncate. 5. PERSICARIA. Ochreae oblique, more or less open on the side facing the leaf. Simple strict herbs with terminal spikes; perianth-lobes not keeled. 6. BIsTORTA. Twining vines with flowers in axillary clusters; outer perianth-lobes winged or keeled. 7. TINIARIA. 1. ERIOGONUM L. Achenes 3-winged; perianth not accrescent. I. Avata, Achenes merely 3-angled; perianth accrescent in fruit. Perianth with a stipe-like base. Involucres in branching cymes. II. ErrantTua, 102 POLYGONACEAE. Involucres in simple or compound umbel-like or head-like clusters. Perianths hairy. III. Fuava. Perianth glabrous. IV. UmBerrata. Perianth without a stipe-like base. Ovaries and fruit pubescent ; involucres few, capitate or subcymose. V. LacHnocyna. Ovaries and fruit glabrous or nearly so. Involucres in head-like or umbel-like clusters. Perianth-lobes very unequal. VI. HETEROSEPALA. Perianth-lobes equal or nearly so. VII. Capitata. Involucres in open cymes. Cymes 1-sided and spike-like. X. VIRGATA. Cymes dichotomous or trichotomous. Bracts scale-like. Involucres, except those in the forks of the inflorescence, sessile in the bractlets; the uppermost conglomerate. Perennial with a suffruticose caudex or shrubby. VIII. Corymsosa. Annuals, erect and strict. IX. AnNua. Involucres all peduncled, never conglomerate. XI. PEDUNCULATA. Bracts leaf-like. Primary cauline leaves scale-like, with a pair or a fascicle of well- developed secondary leaves in their axils. XII. Divaricata. Primary cauline leaves well developed, often also with secondary leaves in their axils. XIII. Forrosa. I. Avata. Involucres hairy, when mature 3-3.5 mm. long and 1.5-2 mm. wide; stem and leaves manifestly hairy. 1. E. alatum. Involucres glabrous, when mature 2-2.5 mm. long and of the same width; stem and leaves nearly glabrous. z. E. triste, II. ErrantTua. J Perianth whitish; styles hairy at least to the middle. 3. EB. Jamesii. Perianth yellow; styles hairy only at the base. Involucres 6-8 mm. long; leaf-blades oblong to oblanceolate. 4. E. Baker. Involucres 9-10 mm. long; leaf-blades suborbicular to oval. 5. E. arcuatum. III. Frava. Stipe-like base of the perianth very short; old leaf-bases permanently tomentose. Leaf-bases thickened; perianth copiously white-pubescent; leaf-blades silky above; involucres usually several. 6. E. flavum. Leaf-bases not thickened; perianth sparingly pubescent; leaf-blades slightly floccose above; involucres 1-3. 7. E. aureum. Stipe-like base of the perianth slender; old leaf-bases glabrous. 8. E. xanthum. IV. UMBELLATA. Perianth deep yellow. Umbels simple. Leaves densely tomentose beneath. 9. E. umbellatum. Leaves almost glabrous at maturity. to. E. umbelliferum, Umbels compound; leaves tomentose beneath. 11. EB. croceum. Perianth cream-color. Perianth about 6 mm. long at maturity; leaf-blades spatulate-oblong or elliptic, glabrous above at maturity. 12. E. subalpinum. Perianth about 8 mm. long at maturity; leaf-blades oval or ovate, permanently tomentose above. 13. BE. latum. POLYGONACEAE. 1038 V. LacHNocyna. Leaves and scape silky; the latter elongated, 1 dm. or more high; the former 2-4 cm. long, long-petioled; blades oblanceolate to oblong, acute. Inflorescence irregularly branched. 14. E. lachnogynum. Inflorescence subcapitate. 15. BE. Tetraneuris. Leaves lanate, strongly revolute; scape usually none. 16. E. acaule. VI. HETEROSEPALA. Involucres about 7 mm. long; leaf-blades oval. 17. E. orthocaulum. Involucres 4-5 mm. long. Perianth bright yellow, or purplish; leaf-blades about as broad as long. 18. E. ovalifolium. Perianth cream-colored to isabel-colored; leaf-blades elliptic to oval or spatu- late, decidedly longer than broad. 19. EB. ochroleucum. VII. Capitata. Perianth yellow. 20. E. chrysocephalum Perianth white or brownish or pinkish. Perianth pubescent. 21. E, multiceps. Perianth glabrous. Lobes of the involucres much shorter than the tube. 22. E. coloradense. Lobes of the involucres about as long as the tube. 23. E. pauciflorum. VIII. Corymgosa. Perianth yellow. Leaves crowded on the short branches of the caudex; blades oblong to linear- oblong, flat. 24. E. campanulatum. Leaves more scattered on the elongated branches of the caudex; blades nar- rowly linear, strongly revolute. 25. E. brevicaule. Perianth white or pinkish. Shrubs or herbaceous plants with a woody caudex, mostly over 2 dm. high; leaves not heath-like. Flowering branches leafy only at the base. Involucres in the forks of the inflorescence sessile. Leaves mostly flat; involucres narrowly turbinate; perianth 2-2.5 mm. long. 26. BE. lonchophyllum. Leaves mostly revolute; involucres campanulate; perianth 3-3.5 mm. long. 27. E. nudicaule. Involucres in the forks of the inflorescence distinctly peduncled, at least the lower. ‘Involucres broadly campanulate, about as wide as long. 28. E. scoparium. Involucres turbinate, decidedly longer than broad. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear, usually revolute. 29. E. tristichum. Leaves spatulate to oblanceolate, flat. 30. E. salicinum. Flowering branches leafy halfway or more. Leaf-blades relatively broad, broadly oblong to oval, obtuse. Involucres 4-5 mm. long. 31. E. Fendlerianum. Involucres 2-2.5 mm. long. Branches of inflorescence divaricate. 32. E. divergens. Branches of inflorescence ascending. 33. E. corymbosum. Leaf-blades narrow, from spatulate to linear, acute. Leaf-blades spatulate or oblanceolate, mostly flat. ; a Inflorescence many times compound, copiously branched; internodes long. Inflorescence tomentulose, broom-like, with strongly ascending branches; involucres about 1.5 mm. long. 34. E. effusum. 104 POLYGONACEAE. Inflorescence glabrous, lax with spreading branches; involucre 2-2.5 mm. long. 30. E. salicinum. Inflorescence less compound; branches and internodes short, mostly spreading. 35. E. microthecum. Leaf-blades linear, revolute. 36. E. Simpsonii. Dwarf depressed undershrubs, less than 1 dm. high, with heath-like leaves. 37. E. contortum. IX. Annua. One species. 38. E. annuum. X. ViRGATA. Leaves crowded on the ends of the short caudex; blades abruptly narrowed at the base or subcordate. 39. E. racemosum. Leaves scattered on the fruticose branches; blades tapering at the base. 40. E. Wrightii. XI. PEpUNCULATA. Perianth glabrous. Scapes and branches glabrous. Peduncles erect or ascending. Perianth-lobes nearly equal and similar; leaves glabrous. 41. E. Gordonii. Perianth-lobes very unequal and dissimilar; leaves floccose beneath. Outer perianth-lobes dilated above; involucres about 1.5 mm. long. 42. E. rotundifolium. Outer perianth-lobes not dilated above; involucres about 3 mm. long. 43. E. tenellum. Peduncles reflexed or deflexed. 44. E. cernuum. Scapes and branches villous or glandular, especially near the nodes. 45. E. trinervatum. Perianth glandular or pubescent. Scapes and branches glandular, especially near the nodes, not inflated. 48. E. glandulosum. Scapes and branches glabrous; upper portion of the lower internodes of the scape inflated. Accessory branches at the lower forks of the inflorescence many and nearly as strong as the three main branches; branches divaricate. 46. E. fusiforme. Accessory branches at the lower forks of the inflorescence none or few and small; branches ascending. 47. E. inflatum. XII. Divaricata. One species. 49. E. divaricatum. XIII. Forrosa. One species. 50. E. salsuginosum, i, Eriogonum alatum Torr. In sandy soil from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Green Mountain Falls; Sand Creek Pass; South Park; Williams’ Cafion, near Pike’s Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Table Rock; Pagosa Springs; Thompson’s Park, La Plata Mountains; Spring Cafion; Dillon Cafion, near Trinidad; plains, near foot-hills, Larimer Co. 2. Eriogonum triste S. Wats. (E. alatum glabriusculum Torr.). In sandy soil from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—North Park; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 3. Eriogonum Jamesii Benth. On plains and hills from Kans. and Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Headwaters of Platte River; Colorado POLYGONACEAE. 105 Springs; Durango; Middle Park; La Veta; Grand Junction; Morrison; Gun- nison; Salida; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Red Rock Cafion, near Pike’s Peak; Rosita; Buena Vista. 4. Eriogonum Bakeri Greene. (E. flavum vegetius T. & G.; E. Jamesii flavescens S. Wats.; E. vegetius (T. & G.) Nels.) On plains and hills from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. go00-10,000 ft—Meadow Park; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Bald Mountain, west of Loveland; Black Cafton; Horsetooth Gulch, Fort Collins; Poudre Cafion; Moon’s ranch. 5. Eriogonum arcuatum Greene. Mountains in Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft.; known only from the type locality—Pagosa Springs, 6. Eriogonum flavum Nutt. (£. crassifolium Dougl.) On dry hills and mountains and in cafions from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000- 12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Sand Creek Pass; Twin Lakes; Medicine Bow Mountains; Minnehaha; Ruxton; Georgetown; Fossil Creek; Artists’ Glen and Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike’s Peak. 7. Eriogonum aureum Nutt. (£. chloranthum Greene.) Mountains of Colo.—Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft—Mount Ouray; Marshall Pass. 8. Eriogonum xanthum Small. On exposed mountain tops in Colorado.— Alt. 12,000-14,000 ft—Gray’s Peak; spur of Mt. Harvard. g. Eriogonum umbellatum Torr. On mountains and dry valleys in Wyo., Ida., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 6000-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; North Park; Arkansas Junction, near Leadville; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Gunnison; Fort Collins; Clear Creek Cafion; near Denver; Man- cos; South Table Mountain, Golden; cafions and meadows, Ouray; Kelso Mountain; Horsetooth Gulch; Colorado and Wyoming State line; near Nar- rows; hills west of Soldier Cafion; camp on Grizzly Creek, foot of Rabbit- Ear Range; Empire. io. Eriogonum umbelliferum Small. Mountains from Wyo. and Nev. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 7o00-11,000 ft.—Veta Pass; Grayback mining camps; vicinity of Ouray; Redcliffe, Eagle Co.; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Black Cafion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Glenwood Springs; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Lake Creek; Middle Park; Spicer, Larimer Co. 11. Eriogonum croceum Small. Mountains from Ida. and Wash. to Colo.— Alt. up to 9000 ft—Hesperus; Telluride; Piedra. 12. Eriogonum subalpinum Greene. In dry mountain valleys from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Headwaters of Arkansas River; Larimer Co.; near Pinkhampton, North Park; Arkansas Junction, near Lead- ville; edge of Wyoming, North Park; Crested Butte; Dillon; Idaho Springs; South Park; Middle Park; foot of Mt. Richtofen, on the Michigan; north bank of Poudre River; forks of Poudre and Big South; Rustic; Empire; Pinkham Creek. 13. Eriogonum latum Small. In dry valleys and on plains from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. about 5000 ft-—Denver. 14. Eriogonum lachnogymum Torr. Dry plains and cafions from Kans. and Colo. to Tex. and N. M—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Brafttly Cafion, Las Animas Co. 106 POLYGONACEAE. 15. Eriogonum Tetraneuris Small. Dry mesas of Colorado.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Bank of the Cimarron River; mesas near Pueblo. 16. Eriogonum acaule Nutt. On dry hills from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo— “ Southwest Colorado.” 17. Eriogonum orthocaulum Small. Dry plains and hills from Alb. and Ida. to Colo. and Nev.—Rifle, Garfield Co. 18. Eriogonum ovalifolium Nutt. Dry plains and hills from Mont. and Wash. to N. M. and Calif—AIt. 6000-7000 ft—Mancos; Grand Junction. 1g. Eriogonum ochroleucum Small. Dry rocky hills from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Nev.—Grand Junction. 20. Eriogonum chrysocephalum A. Gray. (E. Kingii laxifolium T. & G.; E. laxifolium A. Nels.) Dry hills and plains of Neb., Wyo., Colo. and Utah. —‘“ Southern Colorado” (Brandegec). ‘ 21. Eriogonum multiceps Nees. Dry plains and “bad-lands” from N. D. and Mont. to Neb. and Colo.—Exact locality not given. 22. Eriogonum coloradense Small. Mountain in Colo—Mt. Harvard. 23. Eriogonum pauciflorum Pursh. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Middle Park; in low sandy valleys, North Park; North Fork, Larimer Co. 24. Eriogonum campanulatum Nutt. Dry hills and plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.“ Colorado” (Parry) ; Middle Park. 25. Eriogonum brevicaule Nutt. On dry plains from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Egeria Park; Elk River, Routt Co. 26. Eriogonum lonchophyllum T. & G. On plains of N. M. and Colo— Durango. 27. Eriogonum nudicaule (Torr.) Small. (E. effusum nudicaule Torr.) Plains from Kans. and Utah to Tex.—Alt. about 7500 ft.—Cimarron. 28. Eriogonum scoparium. Small. Plains of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 5000- 8000 ft.—Vicinity of Gunnison; Denver; Durango; between Porter and Durango. 29. Eriogonum tristichum Small. Plains of Colo.—Alt. 5000-9000 it.— Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Mesa Verde; Arboles; Black Cafion, Gunnison; Durango. 30. Eriogonum salicinum Greene. Cafion in Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft.; known only from type locality —Black Cafions, near Gunnison. 31. Eriogonum Fendlerianum (Benth.) Small. (E. microthecum Fendleri- anum Benth.) Dry plains of Colo. and N. M.—AIt. about 5000 ft—Cafion City; Pueblo. 32. Eriogonum divergens Small. (E. corymbosum divaricatum Torr.; not E. divaricatum Hook.) Dry plains from Colo. to Utah and Ariz—Green River. 33. Eriogonum corymbosum Benth. Dry plains of Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft. —Along San Juan River; Grand River; Mancos. 34. Eriogonum effusum Nutt. Dry plains from Mont. to Neb. and Colo— Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Wahatoya Creek; Denver; Cafion City; vicinity of Boulder; Morrison; Golden; Buena Vista; Manitou; New Windsor, Weld Co.; mesas, Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Fort Collins; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Salida; Fort Collins; Table Rock; La Veta. POLYGONACEAE. 107 35. Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. Dry plains from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif.—Colorado City; Beaver Creek. 36. Eriogonum Simpsonii Benth. Dry plains from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz. —San Luis Valley; Rio Florido. 37. Eriogonum contortum Small. Arid plains of western Colo.—Grand Junction. 38. Eriogonum annuum Nutt. In sandy soil from S. D. and Mont. to Tex. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Piney Creek of Grand River; Denver; Mani- tou; Ute Pass; Colorado Springs; Golden; Table Rock. 39. Eriogonum racemosum Nutt. Dry plains and hills from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz—Alt. 6000-8000 ft—Between Parrott and Hesperus; Jack’s Cabin; Gunnison; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Dolores; Piedra; between Porter and Durango; Mancos; Durango. 40. Eriogonum Wrightii Torr. Dry plains from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Calif.; also northern Mex.—< Colorado” (Thurber). 41. Eriogonum Gordonii Benth. Dry plains and “ bad-lands” of Wyo. and Colo.—Cafion City; Gunnison Valley; mesa, Montrose; Grand Junction. 42. Eriogonum rotundifolium Benth. Dry plains from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.; also in northern Mex.—‘ Near the Rocky Mountains.” 43. Eriogonum tenellum Torr. In arid places from Colo. to Tex. and Mex. —“ Southwest Colorado.” 44. Eriogonum cernuum Nutt. “ Bad-lands,” hills and in cafions from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Cafion City; South Park; along the McElmo River; Grand Junction; along Platte River, near Denver; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Valley Spur; Granite; Buena Vista; Gunnison; Min- nehaha; Black Cafion of the Gunnison; Troublesome; Upper Arkansas River; Bahia Salada, South Park; Sierra Blanca; Sargent’s. 45. Eriogonum trinervatum Small. Arid places of Colo. and Utah—Allt. 4000-7000 ft.—Cimarron; Grand Junction. 46. Eriogonum fusiforme Small. In sandy places and dry hills from Colo. to Utah and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft-——Grand Junction; Palisade, Mesa Co.; dry adobe hills, between Delta and Hotchkiss. 47. Eriogonum inflatum Torr. In arid places from Colo. to Ariz. and Cal. —Alt. 4000-5000 ft—On the Upper Colorado; Grand Junction. 48. Eriogonum glandulosum Nutt. (E. f#exum Jones.) Arid places of Colo. —Alt. about 6000 ft—McElmo Cafion; Grand Junction. 49. Eriogonum divaricatum Hook. Dry hills from Wyo. to Colo. and Ariz. —San Juan and Mancos Valleys (Brandegee). 50. Eriogonum salsuginosus Hook. In dry alkaline soil from Wyo. to Utah and N. M.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Near the Mancos River; Grand Junction; McElmo Cafion; San Juan Valley. 2. RUMEX L. Sorret, Dock. Flowers dioecious ; foliage acid. Leaves with auricled or hastate bases. 1. R. Acetosella. Leaves narrowed at the base, neither auricled nor hastate. 2. R. pauciflorus. Flowers perfect, or andro-polygamous; foliage not acid. Inner perianth-lobes entire, undulate or denticulate. Inner perianth-lobes without tubercles. 108 POLYGONACEAE. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit over 2 cm. broad, plants with deep-seated woody rootstock. 3. R. venosus. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit less than 1.5 cm. in diameter. Plants with clusters of tuberous roots; inner perianth-lobes in fruit 1-1.5 em. broad. Achene about 7 mm. long; inner perianth-lobes in fruit broader than long; plant low. 4. R. salinus. Achenes about 5 mm. long; inner perianth-lobes in fruit longer than broad. 5. R. hymenosepalus. Plants with taproots or thickened rootstocks ; inner perianth-lobes in fruit 5-Io mm. wide. Plants low, less than 3 dm. high, with short tuber-like rootstock; fruit maturing before the inner perianth-lobes become enlarged. 6. R. praecox. Plant tall, not with a tuber-like rootstock; inner perianth-lobes well enlarged in fruit. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit with rounded apex, not conspicuously punctate. 7. R. occidentalis. Inner perianth-lobes abruptly pointed, conspicuously punctate. Fruiting inner perianth-lobes broader than long, sinuate on the margin. 8. R. densiflorus. Fruiting inner perianth-lobes longer than broad, sharply dentate. 9. R. subalpinus. Inner perianth-lobes or at least one of them bearing a tubercle in fruit. Only one tubercled. Leaves dark green, more or less crisp; fruiting inner perianth-lobes 8-9 mm. broad, reniform. to. R. Patientia. Leaves pale green, not crisp; fruiting inner perianth-lobes. 5-6 mm. broad, deltoid ovate. 11. R. altissimus. All three petals bearing tubercles. Leaves wavy-margined, dark green, not glaucescent. 12. R. crispus. Leaves flat, light green and glaucescent. 13. R. salicifolius. Inner perianth-lobes in fruit spinulose on the margin. Tall plants; lower leaf-blades cordate at the base; one tubercle. 14. R. obtusifolius. Low plants; lower leaf-blades narrowed at the base; 3 tubercles. 15. R. persicarioides. 1. Rumex Asetosella L. In waste places, old fields, roadsides, etc., from Lab. and Alaska to Fla. and Calif.; introduced from Europe—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Boulder. 2. Rumex pauciflorus Nutt. (R. Geyeri (Meisn.) Trelease.) In meadows from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Continental Divide, Larimer Co.; Steamboat Springs; Rabbit-Ears. 3. Rumex venosus Pursh. In sandy soil from Ass. and Wash. to Kans. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Cucharas River, below La Veta; Fort Collins; Pleasant Valley; upper part of Platte; Miller’s ranch; Bingham Hill; Pueblo; Wray; Colorado Springs. 4. Rumex salinus A. Nels. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo.—Palisades. 5. Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. In sandy soil from Ind. Terr. and Utah to Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Grayback mining camps; Grand Junc- tion. 6. Rumex praecox Rydb. Along brooks in the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Grayback mining camps; Bob Creek, west La Plata Mountains. POLYGONACEAE. 109 7. Rumex occidentalis S. Wats. In wet ground from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. so0o-8000 ft—West Cliff; Hot Sulphur Springs; Steamboat Springs; Veta Pass; Mountain View, Pike’s Peak; Gunnison; Idaho Springs; Pine Creek; Twin Lakes; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; forks of White River. 8. Rumex densiflorus Osterh. (R. Bakeri Greene.) In wet ground in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Idaho Springs; North Park; Gunni- son; Fort Collins; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. g. Rumex subalpinus M. E. Jones. In swampy ground in the mountains of Colo. and Utah.—Alt. about 10,000 ft—Keblar Pass; Pagosa Peak; Cam- eron Pass; North Park; Deadman Cafion. zo. Rumex Patientia L. Cultivated and occasionally escaped from Mass. and N. J. to Utah; native of Europe—Pass Creek; Little Kate Basin (?). 11. Rumex altissimus Wood. In valleys and wet places from Mass. and Wash. to Va. and Colo.—Mouth of Deer Creek. : _ 12, Rumex crispus L. In waste places from Newf. and Mont. to Fla. and Calif.; introduced from Europe.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Fort Collins. 13. Rumex salicifolius Weim. Along rivers and lakes from Ont. and Alaska to Tex. and Calif.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—TZola; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Calhan; Fort Collins; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; La Plata; Boulder; New Windsor; Robinson; Alamosa; Pitkin; Empire; Pueblo; Steamboat Springs. 14. Rumex obtusifolius L. In waste places from Vt. and Neb. to Ga. and Colo.; introduced from Europe.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Fort Collins. 15. Rumex persicarioides L. (R. maritimus L.) In or near water from Que. and B. C. to N. C. and Calif—Parlin; Gunnison; Cafion City; Higho; New Windsor; Steamboat Springs; above Bents’ Fort. 3. OXYRIA Hill. Mountain Sorre. 1. Oxyria digyna (L.) Compt. In the mountains among rocks from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo., Ariz. and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. 9000-14,000 ft—Cameron Pass; headwaters of Clear Creek; Ouray; Bottom- less Pit, Pike’s Peak; Mt. Harvard; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Red- cliffe; Ironton; Clear Lake; Pagosa Peak; Mt. Hesperus; Chambers’ Lake; Berthoud Pass; Beaver Creek; Graymont; Hahn’s Peak. 4. POLYGONUM L. Kwot-weep. Fruit erect. Inflorescence, of small axillary clusters, scattered more or less throughout the plant; all with elongated stems or branches; perianth-lobes never keeled near the apex. Plants copiously leafy throughout; upper leaves scarcely reduced, more crowded. Perianth-lobes with yellowish green margins; plant erect with spreading branches in age, leaves broad, yellowish green. a. P. erectum. Perianth-lobes with white, pink or purplish margins; plants prostrate or diffusely spreading ; leaves from bright to pale bluish green. Leaves thick, prominently veined, usually pale; ocrea very conspicuous; faces of the achenes granular. 2. P. buxiforme. Leaves thin, not prominently veined, bright green; ocrea not conspicuous; faces of the achenes finely striate. 3. P. aviculare. 110 POLYGONACEAE. Plants with the upper leaves more scattered and reduced, mostly erect perennials. Upper bracts not subulate; achenes dull. Lobes of the perianth with yellowish margins; perianth 3-4 mm. long; achenes about 3 mm., nearly smooth. 4. P. ramosissimum. Lobes of the perianth with whitish or pinkish margins; perianth 2-3 mm. long; achenes 2—-2.5 mm. long, distinctly granulate or striate. 5. P. rubescens. Upper bracts subulate; achenes smooth and shiny. 6. P. sawatchense. Inflorescence aggregated at the ends of the branches; bracts leaf-like and usu- ally broader than the narrowly linear leaves; plants dwarf annuals. None of the perianth-lobes keeled. Leaves several, gradually merging into the bracts; achenes blunt-angled and strongly striate. 7. P. Watsonit. Leaf usually solitary and much longer than the bracts; achenes sharp-angled and obscurely striate. 8. P. unifolium. Some of the perianth-lobes keeled near the apex. g. P. Kelloggii. Fruit reflexed. Upper bracts much reduced and subulate. Perianth 1.5-2 mm. long; leaves narrowly linear; achenes exerted. to. P. Engelmannit. Perianth 4-5 mm. long; lower leaves oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate ; achenes included. 11. P. Douglasit. Upper. bracts foliaceous, relatively broad, lanceolate or oblong. Achenes included. 12. P. montanum. Achenes exserted. 13. P. commixtum. 1. Polygonum erectum L. In waste places from Me. and Alb. to Ga. and Ark. and Kans. Also reported from Colorado, but no exact locality given. 2. Polygonum buxiforme Small. (P. litorale Small, in part) In sandy and alkaline soil from Ont. and Wash. to Va., Tex. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Georgetown; Silver Plume; along Platte River, Denver; Montrose; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs. 3. Polygonum aviculare L. In waste grounds from Newf. and Sask. to Va. and Calif.; introduced from Europe.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Fort Collins; Gunnison. 4. Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. In river valleys and low ground from Minn. and Wash. to Ills, N. M. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Cheyenne Mountain; Fort Collins; Upper La Plata Cafion. 5. Polygonum rubescens Small. In sandy soil from Ida. to Colo. and Utah. —Alt. 4500-8000 ft——Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Larimer Co. 6. Polygonum sawatchense Small. On hillsides from S. D. and Wash. to Colo., Ariz. and Calif—AlIt. 4000-9000 ft—Saguache Range; Box Cajfion, west of Ouray; Calhan; Veta Pass; Estes Park. 7. Polygonum Watsonii Small. (Polygonum imbricatum S. Wats.) In wet places from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.— South Park; Leroux Park; Upper West Mancos Cafion; Chambers’ Lake. 8. Polygonum unifolium Small. In wet places from Mont. to Colo.—Ten- nessee Pass. g. Polygonum Kelloggii Greene. In wet soil from Wash. and Mont. to Calif.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Steamboat Springs; Bard Creek Valley, near Empire. 10. Polygonum Engelmannii Greene. (P. tenue microspermum Engelm.) On hillsides and mountains from Mont. and B. C. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 POLYGONACEAE. 111 ft—Georgetown; Golden; Bergen Park; Idaho Springs; Boulder; Manitou; Dale Creek; Lower Boulder Cajion. 11. Polygonum Douglasii Greene. (P. tenwe Coulter; not Michx.) On hillsides and in sandy soil from Vt. and B. C. to N. Y., N. M. and Calif— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Larimer Co.; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Pagosa Springs; Wahatoya Creek; cafions west of Ouray (broad-leaved form) ; Sheepshorn Divide, Middle Park; Pagosa Peak (broad-leaved) ; Eagle River; Boulder; Soldier Cafion; Big Creek Gulch; Walton Creek; Arthur’s Rock; Bosworth ranch; Horsetooth Gulch; Chambers’ Lake; Boulder; Golden; Idaho Springs. A form more branched at the base is Polygonum Douglasii consimile (Greene) Small. (P. consimile Greene)—Lower Bouder Cafion. 12. Polygonum montanum (Small) Greene. (P. tenue latifolium Engelm.) In the mountains from Alb. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.—Mar- shall Pass; Red Mountain; Ironton Park; North Park; Mt. Harvard; Silver Plume; White River Plateau. 13. Polygonum commixtum Greene. In the mountains from Colo. to Mont. —Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.——Silver Plume; Grizzly Creek; Cameron Pass; Mt. Robinson; summit of mountains west of North Park. 5. PERSICARIA Adans. Smart-weep, Lapy’s THUMB. Racemes terminal only and usually solitary ; plants aquatic. Ocrea without a spreading foliaceous top. Plant usually floating; leaf-blades of an oblong type, glabrous, acute or obtuse. 1. P. coccinea. Plant usually diffuse and emersed ; leaf-blades of a lanceolate type, pubescent, acuminate. 2. P. Muhlenbergii. Ocrea with a spreading foliaceous top; leaf-blades narrowly oblong or lanceolate (broader in floating forms), pubescent. 3. P. Hartwrightii. Racemes axillary as well as terminal, numerous. Ocrea without marginal bristles. Racemes erect; glands on the branches and inflorescence numerous, stalked. 4. P. omissa. Racemes drooping; glands on the branches and inflorescence sessile. Styles united only at the base. 5. P. incarnata. Styles united to about the middle. Leaves deep green on both sides. 6. P. lapathifolia. Leaves pale beneath. 7. P. incana. Ocrea bristle-fringed. Racemes oblong or cylindric, densely flowered, about 1 cm. thick in fruit; perianth not punctate, usually pink to red-purple. 8. P. Persicaria. Racemes slender, loosely flowered, about 5 mm. thick in fruit; perianth white or pale-green, copiously punctate. Racemes erect ; achenes smooth and shining. 9. P. punctata. Racemes nodding, at least in fruit; achenes granular and dull. 10. P. Hydropiper. 1. Persicaria coccinea (Muhl.) Greene. (Polygonum amphibium Hook.; not L.; P. coccineum Muhl.) In water or rarely in mud from Me. and Alaska to N. J. and Calif—Alt. up to go0o0 ft.—West Cliff, Pike’s Peak; McCoy; Ouray; Veta Mountain; Hamor’s Lake; Gunnison. 2. Persicaria Muhlenbergii (S. Wats.) Small. (Polygonum Muhlenbergti S. Wats.) In swamps, mud and shallow water from Me. and B. C. to Va. 112 POLYGONACEAE. and Calif.; also in Mex.—Alt. up to 6000 ft—-Uncompahgre Mountains, near Los Pinos; Fort Collins; Alamosa. 3. Persicaria Hartwrightii (A. Gray) Small. (Polygonum Hartwrighti A. Gray.) In wet places and shallow water from Me. and Wash. to Pa. and Calif—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Cafion City; Denver. 4. Persicaria omissa (Greene) Small. (Polygonum Pennsylvanicum Coult. ; not L.; P. omissum Greene.) In wet ground and dried up ponds in Kans. and Colo.—Alt. up to 5000 ft—Loveland, Larimer Co. 5. Persicaria incarnata (Ell.) Small. (Polygonum incarnatum Ell.) In wet soil from Vt. and Ida. to Fla. and Calif—Alt. up to 5000 it—Fort Col- lins; New Windsor. 6. Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S. F. Gray. (Polygonum lapathifolium L.) In wet soil from Que. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif; also in Mex., W. Ind. Europe and Asia—Alt. up to 5000 ft——Fort Collins. 7. Persicaria incana (Koch) S. F. Gray. (Polygonum lapathifolium in- canum Koch.) In swamps from Newf. and B. C. to N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. up to 6000 ft.—Alamosa. 8. Persicaria Persicaria (L.) Small. (Polygonum Persicaria L.) In waste places and rich ground from Newf. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex. and Europe.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Boulder; Livermore; Fort Collins. g. Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small. (Polygonum punctatum Ell.) In swamps and wet places from Me. and Wash. to Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex., Cent. Am., W. Ind. and S. Am—Alt. up to 5000 ft—Fort Collins; plains near Boulder. 1o. Persicaria Hydropiper (L.) Opiz. (Polygonum Hydropiper L.) In wet places from Newf. and B. C. to Ga. and Calif.; also in Mex., Cent. Am. and Europe.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Fort Collins; Denver. 6. BISTORTA Tourn. Bisrort. Racemes not viviparous (not bulblet bearing), oblong, 1-2 cm. thick. Perianth 5-6 mm. long; leaf-blades lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate. 1. B. bistortoides. Perianth 3-4 mm. long; basal leaf-blades linear. 2. B. linearifolia. Racemes viviparous (bulblet bearing below), linear, 5-8 mm. thick. 3. B. vivipara. 1. Bistorta bistortoides (Pursh) Small. (Polygonum Bistorta oblongi- folium Meisn.) In wet meadows and swamps in the mountains from Mont. and Wash. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 7000-13,000 ft—‘ Rocky Mountains ”; Lake City; Halfway House, Pike’s Peak; Cabin Cafion; Mt. Harvard; Colum- bine; South Park; Mt. Garfield; Pagosa Peak; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Garden of the Gods; Ruxton; Cameron Pass; Graymont; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Marshall Pass; Oak Mesa; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co.; Boreas; Gore Pass. 2. Bistorta linearifolia (S. Wats.) Greene. (Polygonum Bistorta lineari- folium S. Wats.) In alpine swamps and along streams from Mont. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Alpine ridges east of Middle Park; “Rocky Mountains”; Pike’s Peak. 3. Bistorta vivipara (L.) S. F. Gray. (P. viviparum L.) In alpine or sub- POLYGONACEAE. 113 arctic swamps from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H. and Colo.; also Europe and Asia—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Alpine Tunnel; Grand Lake; Robinson; Seven Lakes; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; West Spanish Peak; Cameron Pass; Indian Creek Pass; White River Plateau; Gray’s Peak; North Park; Eldora to Baltimore; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Gore Pass; Graymont. 7. TINIARIA Reichenb. Fats—E BuckwHEAT. Outer sepals merely keeled at maturity. T. Convolvulus. Outer sepals developing conspicuous wings. T. scandens. 1. Tiniaria Convolvulus (L.) Webb. & Mog. (Polygonum Convolvulus L.) Among bushes from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Engelmann Cafion; Fort Collins; Colorado Springs. 2. Tiniaria scandens (L.) Small. (Polygonum scandens L.) In thickets from N. S. to Mont., Fla., La. and Colo—Exact locality not given. Order 24. CHENOPODIALES. Fruit a utricle, achene or anthocarp, indehiscent, circumscissile or bursting irregularly. Fruit a utricle. Stipules wanting. Bracts not scarious. 45. CHENOPODIACEAE. Bracts scarious. 46. AMARANTHACEAE. Stipules present, scarious. 47. CORRIGIOLACEAE. Fruit an anthocarp, the achene surrounded by the tube of the corolla-like calyx. 48. ALLIONIACEAE. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by apical or longitudinal valves. Ovary several-celled; corolla wanting. 49. TETRAGONIACEAE. Ovary 1-celled; corolla mostly present. Sepals, 2; or, if more (in Lewisia), plant scapose, with fleshy basal leaves and the flowers solitary on a jointed scape. 50. PORTULACACEAE. Sepals, 4-5; ‘plants leafy-stemmed. Sepals distinct ; petals not clawed; ovary sessile. 51. ALSINACEAE, Sepals united; petals clawed ; ovary more or less distinctly stipitate. 52. CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Family 45. CHENOPODIACEAE Dumort. Goosrroor Famity. Embryo annular. Stems and branches not jointed; leaves not scale-like. Flowers perfect, all with perianth, not inclosed in a pair of bracts. Fruit inclosed in the calyx. Calyx in fruit not transversely winged. Sepals 3-5, stamens 1-5. Fruiting calyx herbaceous. 1. CHENOPODIUM. Fruiting calyx fleshy, red. 2. BuiruM. Sepals 1; stamens 1. 4. MonoLeris. Calyx in fruit transversely winged. Flowers paniculate ; leaves ample, sinuate, flat. 3. CYyCLoLoma. Flowers spicate; leaves linear, terete. 9. Kocuta. Fruit laterally flattened, exserted from the marcescent calyx. 10. CoRIOSPERMUM. 114 CHENOPODIACEAE, Flowers monoecious or dioecious; the pistillate inclosed in two accrescent bractlets. Pericarp not hairy. Bracts compressed, 7. e., with one side towards the axis; leaves more or less farinose; testa mostly coriaceous. 5. ATRIPLEX. Bracts ob-compressed, 7. e., with one edge towards the axis; testa mem- branous. Pericarp hastate with crested margins, 2-toothed apex; more or less farinaceous herbs with toothed leaves. 6. SUCKLEYA. Pericarp obovate or orbicular, entire; undershrubs with entire leaves. 7. GRAYIA. Pericarp densely hairy, conical; low and tomentose shrubs. 8. Eurortia. Stems and branches fleshy, jointed ; leaves scale-like. 11. SALICORNIA. Embryo spirally coiled. Shrubs with monoecious bractless flowers; staminate flowers in spikes, without perianth; pistillate ones solitary, axillary; fruiting calyx transversely winged. 12. SARCOBATUS. Herbs with perfect bracteolate flowers. Fruiting calyx transversely winged; leaves spiny. 14. SALSOLA. Fruiting calyx not winged; leaves fleshy, not spiny. 13. Donpta. 1. CHENOPODIUM L. Goosrroot, Lamp’s QUARTERS, PIG-WEED. Leaves more or less mealy or glabrate, never glandular or sweet-scented, sinuately lobed, dentate or entire; embryo forming a complete ring. Stamens 5; calyx not at all fleshy in fruit. Leaves entire or sinuately toothed, but not with large, divaricate ReetiNy seeds I-1.5 mm, in diameter. Calyx lobes carinate ; at least the upper panicles exceeding the ‘eagee Pericarp easily separating from the seeds. Leaves linear or oblong, entire or slightly sinuately toothed. Leaves thin, linear; inflorescence not very dense; spikes somewhat interrupted below. a. C. leptophyllum. Leaves thick, oblong; inflorescence dense and crowded. Plant densely mealy, yellowish. Plant tall with nearly erect branches. 2. C. oblongifolium. Plant low with spreading-ascending branches. 3. C. desiccatum. Plant only slightly mealy, dark green. 4. C. Wolf. Leaves broadly ovate or triangular, more or less hastate at the base. Plant densely mealy ; leaves rather thick. Plant low and spreading. 5. C. incanum. Plant tall and erect. 6. C. albescens. Plant sparingly mealy; leaves very thin. 7. C. Fremontii. Pericarp firmly attached to the seed. Leaves subentire or merely hastately toothed. Leaves thick, more or less mealy ; none of them cuspidate. 8. C. Watsonii. Leaves thin, glabrate, all or the upper usually cuspidate. 9. C. Berlandieri. Leaves more or less sinuately dentate; inflorescence dense. to. C. album. Calyx lobes not carinate; panicles mostly axillary, shorter than the leaves. ur. C. glaucum. Leaves with large divergent acute lobes; seeds about 2 mm. in diameter. 12. C. hybridum. Stamens 1-2; calyx reddish and slightly fleshy in fruit. Plant usually over 1 dm. high, erect; leaves usually more or less toothed. 13. C. rubrum. CHENOPODIACEAE. 115 Plant less than 1 dm. high, prostrate; leaves entire or merely hastately toothed. 14. C. humile. Leaves glandular, sweet-scented, pinnately lobed; embryo horseshoe-shaped. Lobes of the leaves rounded or broadly oblong, more or less toothed. 15. C. Botrys. Lobes of the leaves lanceolate, entire. 16. C. cornutum. 1. Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. On prairies, in waste places and fields from Neb. to Mont., Mo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Gunnison; Buena Vista; Deer Run, Gunnison watershed; entrance to Grand Cafion, 15 miles from Grand Junction. 2. Chenopodium oblongifolium (S. Wats.) Rydb. (C. leptophyllum oblon- gifolium S. Wats.) On dry prairies and plains from N. D. to Wyo., Mo., Tex. and Ariz.—Atl. 4000-7000 ft—Crow Creek; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Fort Collins; Wray. 3. Chenopodium desiccatum Aven Nelson. Dry waste places in Colo.—Fort Collins. 4. Chenopodium Wolfii Rydb. In dry places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Twin Lakes; Cheyenne Mountain; Crow Creek; Grizzly Creek; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Steamboat Springs. 5. Chenopodium incanum (S. Wats.) Heller. (C. Fremontii incanum S. Wats.) In dry grounds, especially in prairie dog towns.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft. —Crow Creek; Fort Collins. 6. Chenopodium albescens Small. In dry soil from Tex. to Colo— Durango. 7. Chenopodium Fremontii S. Wats. Among bushes and in cafions from S. D. to Mont., N. M. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Vicinity of Fort Collins; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Minnehaha; southeast of Ouray; Poudre Cafion. : 8. Chenopodium Watsonii A. Nelson. (C. olidum S. Wats.) In dry places from Colo. to Ariz—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.—Valley Spur. g. Chenopodium Berlandieri Moq. In dry soil from Mo. to Wyo., Fla. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Sheepshorn Divide, North Park; near Pagosa Peak; Huerfano Valley. to, Chenopodium album L. In fields and waste places; introduced and naturalized from Europe; from Newf. to Alb., Fla. and Calif—Gunnison; about Fort Collins. iz, Chenopodium glaucum L. In alkaline soil from Alb. to Colo. and Utah; also in Europe——Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Walsenburg; Steamboat Springs; New Windsor; Gunnison; La Veta; above Palisade. 12, Chenopodium hybridum L. In waste places and around dwellings from Que. to B. C.,, N. Y. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Park Range; Steamboat Springs; Mancos; Hotchkiss, Larimer Co.; Johnston Cafion; Gunnison; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Big Creek Gulch. 13. Chenopodium rubrum (L.) Reichenb. In alkaline flats and meadows from N. Y. to Alb., Mo. and Colo.—AlIt. 4000-8000 ft—Hot Springs in San Luis Valley; Mt. Harvard; Gunnison; West Cliff; Delta; north of Trap- per’s Lake; falls of the Poudre. 14. Chenopodium humile Hook. In alkaline meadows from Mont. to B. C., Neb. and Colo.—Alt. up to 8000 ft.—Gunnison. 116 CHENOPODIACEAE. 15. Chenopodium Botrys L. In waste places from N. S. to B. C, Ga. and Calif.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ouray; Idaho Springs; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Clear Creek Cajion, above Golden. 16. Chenopodium cornutum B. & H. In dry places from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Huerfano Co.; Buena Vista; Little Veta Mountain. 2. BLITUM L. Strawserry BLIrTEeE. Leaves more or less dentate, truncate or broadly cuneate at the base; inflorescence dense and leafy. 1. B. capitatum. Leaves entire, except the hastate teeth at the cuneate base; inflorescence slender and naked above. 2. B. hastatum. 1. Blitum capitatum L. In rocky soil from N. S. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif.—AlIt. 6000-10,000 ft—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward, Boulder Co.; Hamor’s Lake, above Durango; Georgetown; Sangre de Cristo Creek; North Park; Gunnison; Veta Pass; La Veta; Minnehaha; Ouray; Brecken- ridge; Anchor; Poudre Cafion; Elizabethtown; Chambers’ Lake; Buena Vista; forks of Poudre and Big-tooth. 2. Blitum hastatum Rydb. In stony ground from Wyo. to Utah and Colo. —Alt. 6000-9500 ft—Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co.; Trapper’s Lake. 3. CYCLOLOMA Mog. 1. Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. (C. platyphyllum Mog.) In sandy soils from Ont. to Mont. Ark. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-6ooo ft—La Salle; Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Boulder; Elk Cafion. 4. MONOLEPIS Schrad. Leaves lanceolate, hastately lobed, flower clusters several flowered ; pericarp some- what fleshy. 1. M. Nuttalliana. Leaves spatulate, entire; flower-clusters 1-3-flowered; pericarp thin. z M. pusilla. 1. Monolepis Nuttalliana (R. & S.) Engelm. (M. chenopodioides Mog.) In alkaline soil from Minn. to Wash., Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Near Bents’ Fort; valley near Empire; Sangre de Cristo Creek; headwaters of Pass Creek; Arboles; Durango; vicinity of Fort Collins; Gunnison; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Buena Vista; Montrose; Platte River Valley; Grand Junction; Fort Collins. 2. Monolepis pusilla Torr. In alkaline soil from Wyo. and Colo. to Calif— Grand Junction. 5. ATRIPLEX L. Orache. Annuals. Bracts united only at the base; radicle inferior. Bracts thin, broadly ovate, mucronate. 17. A. hortensis. Bracts thick, deltoid or lanceolate, acute. Stem tall, erect; leaves broadly ovate or triangular-hastate. 1. A. carnosa. Stem low, 2-4 dm. high, spreading or ascending; leaf-blades lanceolate, hastately lobed. z. A, subspicata. CHENOPODIACEAE. 117 Bracts united to above the middle; radicle superior. Bracts usually broadly cuneate, truncate at the apex, seldom with tubercles; leaves linear. 3. A. Wolfit. Bracts rhombic-orbicular, conspicuously toothed and appendaged, or tubercled on the back; leaf-blades rhombic, cordate or ovate. Leaf-blades large, more or less hastate, truncate or cuneate at the base. Leaf-blades rhombic-deltoid, minutely scurfy, acute. Leaves subsessile or the lower short petioled with winged petioles, very thin; plant a thumble-weed, 1-3 m. in diameter. 4. A. expansa. Leaves petioled, firmer; plant scarcely a thumble-weed. 5. A. argentea. Leaf-blades subcordate, coarsely scurfy, obtuse. 6. A. cornuta. Leaf-blades small, 1 cm. or less, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, sub- sessile, firm. 7. A. philonitra. Perennials. Bracts not winged on the back. Bracts with entire margins or merely wavy, without appendages on the back ; leaf-blades entire, broadly oval. 8. A. confertifolia. Bracts either with a distinctly toothed margin or appendaged on the back, or both. Bracts broadest above the middle. Bracts 3-toothed, only rarely tubercled on the back. g. A. eremicola. Bracts entire, strongly tubercled or appendaged on the back. 10. A. corrugata. Bracts broadest below the middle, strongly tubercled or appendaged; leaf-blades oblanceolate to spatulate. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, subsessile or short- petioled. Low; leaves usually short-petioled; staminate flowers brown-puberu- lent, in panicles. 11. A. oblanceolata. Usually tall; leaves subsessile; staminate flower yellow in inter- rupted spikes. 12. A. Nuttallii. Leaf-blades broadly spatulate, distinctly petioled; staminate spikes brown, interrupted. 13. dA. cuneata. Bracts broadly 4-winged on the back. Wings thick, laciniate-toothed. 14. A. odontoptera. Wings thin, sinuately dentate or subentire. Wings when fully developed 4-6 mm. wide, distinctly dentate; leaves broad, linear-oblong to spatulate. 15. A. canescens. Wings very broad and thin, fully 8 mm. wide, merely sinuate; leaves linear. 16. A. occidentalis. 1, Atriplex carnosa A. Nels. (A. patula hastata of Coulter’s Man.) In alkaline or saline meadows from Nebr. to Mont. and Kan.—Fort Collins. z. Atriplex subspicata (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A. patula subspicata S. Wats.) In alkaline soil from N. D. to Mont., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 9500 ft— Pitkin; Delta. 3. Atriplex Wolfii S. Wats. In alkaline soil, in Wyo. and Colo—San Luis Valley; Saguache. 4. Atriplex expansa S. Wats. (A. pabularis A. Nels.) In alkaline soil from Ind. Terr. to Mont., Tex. and Calif—About Fort Collins; Delta. 5. Atriplex argentea Nutt. In alkaline flats and dry lakes from N. D. to B. C., Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Grand Junction; Mancos; Pueblo; vicinity of Fort Collins. 6. Atriplex cornuta M. E. Jones. In alkaline soil from Colo. to Utah.— Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Colorado Springs. 118 CHENOPODIACEAE. 7. Atriplex philonitra A. Nels. In alkaline soil, in the plain regions of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft——Mancos; Grand Junction; plains of the San Juan; Hotchkiss; between Hotchkiss and Smith’s Fork; Delta Co. 8. Atriplex confertifolia S. Wats. On mesas and alkaline flats from Wyo. to Nev., Colo. Ariz. and Calif.—AIt. 4000-6000 ft—-Pueblo; Mancos; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Denver; Grand Junction; Deer Run; Delta; Hotchkiss; Pali- sades. 9. Atriplex eremicola Osterh. On saline bottom-lands and dry plains in southern Wyo. and northern Colo.—North Park; Grand Junction. 10. Atriplex corrugata Watson. On arid plains of Colo—Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 11. Atriplex oblanceolata Rydb. On arid plains of Wyo. and Colo—Delta; Hotchkiss; Grand Junction; Fort Collins. 12. Atriplex Nuttallii S. Wats. In bad-lands and arid valleys from Sask. to Mont., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Arboles; Cafion City; Grand Junction; about Fort Collins; Hotchkiss; Gypsum; Fossil Creek. 13. Atriplex cuneata A. Nelson. In arid places of Utah and Colo.— South- western Colorado”; Grand Junction (Nelson). The Mancos specimens cited by Nelson belong to A. confertifolia. 14. Atriplex odontoptera Rydb. On dry plain of Wyo. and N. Colo—Alt. about 5000 ft—New Windsor. 15. Atriplex canescens James. On dry mesas and alkaline valleys from S. D. to Wyo., Kans., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Wolcott; Walsen- burg; Fort Collins; Cafion City; Huerfano Valley; Grand Junction; Pueblo; between Bents’ Fort and Upper Pueblo; Olathie; Gypsum; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 16, Atriplex occidentalis Torr. On dry mesas from Colo. to Utah, Texas and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft——Boulder; Huerfano Valley; Mancos; Pueblo. 17. Atriplex hortensis L. Escaped from cultivation in waste places.—Alt. up to 7000 ft.—Boulder; Glenwood Springs; La Veta; vicinity of Fort Col- lins. 6. SUCKLEYA A. Gray. 1. Suckleya Suckleyana (Torr.) Rydb. (S. petiolata A. Gray.) River valleys from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft—Six miles southeast of Golden; Cheyenne Wells; Denver. 7. GRAYIA H. & A. i. Grayia Brandegei A. Gray. In desert regions of Colo.—Hill’s ranch, Elmo Creek. 8. EUROTIA Adans. Wuuite Sace, WINTER SAGE. a. Eurotia lanata (Pursh) Mog. On hillsides and sage plains from S. D. to Wash., Kans. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Fort Collins; Salida; New Windsor; Gunnison; La Veta; Trail Glen; Grand River, above Kremmling; Boulder; bluffs north of La Porte; Barlow ranch, three miles from Forks’ Hotel; banks of Cache la Poudre; Gypsum; Fort Collins. CHENOPODIACEAE. 119 g. KOCHIA Rath. Perennials; leaves narrowly linear, fleshy. Branches tomentulose, soon glabrate; leaves somewhat hairy when young; fruit nearly smooth. 1. K. americana. Branches and leaves densely and permanently hairy; fruit very pubescent. 2. K. vestita. Annual; leaves linear-lanceolate, not fleshy. 3. K. scoparia. 1. Kochia americana S. Wats. In alkaline meadows and marshes from Wyo. to Cal., Colo. and Ariz—Alt. about 4600 ft—Grand Junction. z. Kochia vestita S. Wats. In alkaline meadows and marshes from Wyo. to Cal. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Grand Junction; McElmo Cafion. 3- Kochia scoparia Schrad. Introduced from Europe and sparingly grow- ing in waste places from N. Y. and Mich. to Pa. and Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Fort Collins; New Windsor. to. CORIOSPERMUM L. Buc-seep. Fruit with a distinct wing at least 1% mm. wide. Spike lax; lower bracts much narrower than the fruit. 1. C. nitidum. Spike dense; lower bracts rarely narrower than the fruit. 2. C. marginale. Fruit merely acute, margined, scarcely winged. Plant glabrous. 3. C. emarginatum. Plant more or less villous. 4. C. villosum. 1. Coriospermum nitidum Kit. (C. hyssoppifolium microcarpum S. Wats.) On sand-hills and in cafions from Ills. to N. D., Tex. and Colo.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Huerfano Valley; Colorado Springs; Cafion City. 2. Coriospermum marginale Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Denver; Huerfano Valley; Rocky Ford; near Boulder. 3. Coriospermum emarginatum Rydb. In valleys of Wyo. and Colo——Colo- rado (exact locality not given). 4. Coriospermum villosum Rydb. In sandy valleys from Alb. to Ore., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Salida; Gunnison; Buena Vista. 11. SALICORNIA L. Gtass-worrt. 1. Salicornia herbacea L. (S. rubra A. Nelson.) In salt marshes from Que. to B. C., Ga. and Calif—North Park; Larimer Co. 12. SARCOBATUS Nees. GREASE-woop. 1. Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook) Torr. In dry alkaline or saline soil from Neb. to Wash., Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Salida; Mancos; Grand Junction; Mancos Cafion; Lake John, North Park; near Montrose; Walsenburg; Olathie; Black Cafion of the Gunnison; Gypsum; Middle Park. 13. DONDIA Adans. Sea BLITE. Sepals more or less fleshy, but none of them carinate ; leaves narrowed at the base. Plant perennial, stout. 1. D. Moquini. Plant annual, slender. 2. D. diffusa. 120 CHENOPODIACEAE. Sepals very fleshy, one or two decidedly carinate; leaves broadest near the base. Plant depressed, spreading. 3. D. depressa, Plant erect. 4. D. erecta. 1. Dondia Moquini (Torr.) A. Nels. (Chenopodium Moquini Torr.; Swaeda Torreyana S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Wyo. to Nev., Colo. and Lower Calif—Cafion City; Hotchkiss. z. Dondia diffusa (S. Wats.) Heller. (Swaeda diffusa S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Nebr. to Nev. and Colo—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Salida; Grand Junction; Mancos; Cafion City; Delta; Pueblo. 3. Dondia depressa (Pursh) Britton. (Salsola depressa Pursh; Swaeda depressa S. Wats.) In salt marshes from Sask. to Mont., Colo. and Nev.— Alt. up to 8000 ft—Buena Vista; river bottom land, Fort Collins; Delta. 4. Dondia erecta (S. Wats.) A. Nels. (Swaeda depressa erecta S. Wats.) In salt marshes from N. D. to Mont., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Grand Junction; Lake John, North Park; Fort Collins; Pueblo; along Pou- dre River. +14. SALSOLA L. Russian THISTLE, SALT-wort. 1. Salsola Tragus L. In waste places and old fields; introduced from Eu- rope and naturalized from Ont. to Wash., Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Near Boulder; Pueblo; Denver; Huerfano Valley; Cafion City; Walsenburg; La Salle. Family 46. AMARANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. AmarantH Famity. Anthers 2-celled; green plants with alternate leaves. Perianth present in all flowers. 1. AMARANTHUS. Perianth wanting in the pistillate flowers. 2. ACNIDA. Anthers 1-celled; stellate or woolly plants with mainly opposite leaves. Filaments united into a short cup at the base; calyx neither crested nor spiny ; plants stellate, diffuse. 3. CLADOTRIX. Filaments united into a long tube; calyx crested and tubercled or spiny at maturity; plants woolly, erect. 4. FROELICHIA. r1. AMARANTHUS L. AmarantH, PIGWEED. Sepals clawed; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Bracts lanceolate, shorter than the flowers. 1. A, Torreyi. Bracts subulate, longer than the flowers. 2. A. Palmeri. Sepals not clawed. Plants tall, simple ; flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Stamens 3; sepals 1-2 mm. long. 3. A. Powellii. Stamens 5; sepals 2-3 mm. long. Spikes stout, 8-14 mm. thick, strict; stem usually more or less pubescent. 4. A. retroflexus. Spikes slender, 4-6 mm. thick, usually drooping; stem glabrous. 5. A. hybridus. Plant low, much branched; flowers in small axillary spikes, shorter than the leaves. Sepals 4-5; bracts lanceolate-subulate, a little longer than the sepals; plant prostrate. 6. A. blitoides. Sepals 3; bracts much longer than the sepals, pungent; plant erect, glabrous. 7. A. graecizens. AMARANTHACEAE, 121 1, Amaranthus Torreyi (A. Gray) Benth. (Amblogyne Torreyi A. Gray.) In sandy soil from Iowa and Wyo. to Mex. and L. Cal.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Fort Collins; north fork of Gunnison, Delta Co. z. Amaranthus Palmeri S. Wats. In sandy soil from Kans. and Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. about 6000 ft—Clear Creek Cafion, above Golden. gj. Amaranthus Powellii S. Wats. In sandy valleys from Colo. to Texas and Calif—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Southeast of Ouray; Boulder; Alamosa. 4. Amaranthus retroflexus L. In waste places from Vt. to Ida., Fla. and Mex.; naturalized from Europe—AlIt. up to 6000 ft—Denver; Cheyenne Mountain; Fort Collins; Durango. g. Amaranthus hybridus L. In waste places from R. I. to Colo., Fla. and Calif.; also in Mex.; naturalized from Europe—Upper Rio Grande; exact locality not given. 6. Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats. In dry grounds, roadsides and waste places from N. Y. to Mont., La. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Pike’s Peak trail; Manitou; Colorado Springs; Ouray; Buena Vista; Durango; vicinity of Fort Collins. 7. Amaranthus graecizens L. (A. albus L.) In cultivated grounds and waste places from R. I. to Wash., Fla. and Ariz.; introduced from tropical America.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Colorado Springs; Fort Collins. 2. ACNIDA L. Water Hemp. 1. Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood. In alluvial soil from Ill. to S. D., La. and N. M.—AIlt. up to 5000 ft—Fort Collins. 3. CLADOTRIX Nutt. 1. Cladotrix lanuginosa Nutt. In dry soil from Kans. to Colo., Tex., Ariz. and Mex.—Rocky Ford. 1. FROELICHIA Moench. Stout, 6-12 dm. tall; crest of fruiting calyx continuous, dentate. 1. F. campestris: Slender, 2-5 dm. high; crest of fruiting calyx interrupted. z. F, gracilis. 1. Froelichia campestris Small. (F. Floridana Coult.; in part.) In sandy soil from Mo. to Colo. and Tex.—Alt. about 5000 ft—New Windsor, Weld: Co. 2. Froelichia gracilis Moq. In sandy valleys from Neb. to Colo., Ark. and Texas.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Boulder; Colorado Springs; Denver; along Pou- dre; Fort Collins; Manitou; Ute Pass. Family 47. CORRIGIOLACEAE Reichenb. WuiTLow-wortT Famity. 1. PARONYCHIA Adans. WdHITLow-worTH. Flowers solitary ; leaves scarcely exceeding the bracts; plants densely pulvinate. Leaves elliptic, thick, not spinulose-tipped. 1. P. pulvinata, Leaves linear, chartaceous, spinulose-tipped. Leaves arcuate, spreading; spinules of sepals over 1 mm. long. 2. P. sessilifiora. 122 CORRIGIOLACEAE. Leaves straight, ascending; spinules of sepals less than 1 mm. 3. P. brevispina. Flowers more or less clustered; leaves much longer than the bracts. Plant low and diffuse, less than 1 dm. high; calyx fully 3 mm. long. 4. P. diffusa. Plant taller, 1 dm. or more high; stem erect or ascending; calyx 2-2.5 mm. long. Branches of the cymes ascending ; calyx about 2.5 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, gradually acuminate. 5. P. Jamesii. Branches of the cymes divarcate; calyx about 2 mm. long; sepals oblong, abruptly acuminate. 6. P. Wardit. 1. Paronychia pulvinata A. Gray. On exposed mountain tops from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Mt. Garfield; Gray’s Peak; Pike’s Peak trail; Massif de Arapahoe; Berthoud Pass. 2. Paronychia sessiliflora Nutt. On dry ridges from Sask. to Alb., Tex. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft.—Upper Larimer River. 3. Paronychia brevispina (A. Nels.) Rydb. (P. sessilifora brevispina A. Nels.) On dry hills in Wyo. and Colo.—Waldon, North Park. 4. Paronychia diffusa A. Nels. On dry plains and mountains from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-13,000 ft.—Castle Rock, near Golden; Gray’s Peak; Pike’s Peak trail; Table Rock. ; 5. Paronychia Jamesii T. & G. On dry plains and mountains from Neb. to Wyo., Tex. and N. M.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Ruxton Ridge; Pike’s Peak; river flats east of Ft. Collins; Horsetooth Mountain; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward; Boulder; Larimer Co.; Morrison; Meadow Park, Lyons; Colorado City; Spring Cafion; Ft. Collins; Horse- tooth Mountain. 6. Paronychia Wardii Rydb. On dry plains from Neb. to Colo., Kans. and Tex.—Alt. up to 7000 ft.—Colorado City; Cheyenne Mountain. Family 48. ALLIONIACEAE Reichenb. Four-o’cLock Famity. Bracts distinct. 1. ABRONIA. Bracts united. Fruit neither strongly tubercled nor winged. Fruit not ribbed; involucre herbaceous, little if at all enlarging in fruit, not becoming membranous. Stamens usually 5; involucres campanulate, not enlarged in fruit. 2. QUAMOCLIDION. Stamens 3; involucre rotate, somewhat enlarged in fruit in the manner of the next genus, but not membranous. 3. ALLIONIELLA. Fruit ribbed; involucre rotate, in fruit becoming much enlarged and mem- branous. 4. ALLIONIA. Fruit with two rows of strong tubercles on the back and surrounded by two toothed inflexed wings. 5. WEDELIA. 1. ABRONIA Juss. Fruit narrowly winged or crested; wings or crests not completely encircling the fruit. Fruit biturbinate, 7. e., tapering at both ends, irregularly ridged or crested. a. A. fragrans. Fruit turbinate or obpyramidal, 7. ¢., almost truncate above, distinctly winged; the wings very broad above. Bracts broadly ovate or obovate, acute or obtusish. ALLIONIACEAE. 123 Stem puberulent. 2. A. elliptica. Stem glabrous. 3. A. glabra. Bracts oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, attenuate or cuspidate. 4. A. Carletoni. Fruit completely surrounded by the broad netted-veined membranous wings. Flowers 3 cm. or more long; limb about 1 cm. wide; peduncles longer than the leaves. 5. A. cycloptera. Flowers 1.5-2 cm. long; limb about 5 mm. wide. 6. A. micrantha. 1. Abronia fragrans Nutt. In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Ida., Kans. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Crow Creek; Ft. Col- lins; Salida; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; near Pueblo; Table Rock; Fossil Creek; Colorado Springs. z. Abronia elliptica A. Nels. (A. Bakeri Greene.) In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Deer Run; Grand Junction; Rifle, Garfield Co. 3. Abronia glabra Rydb. In dry arid soil in Colo. and Utah—Grand Junction; near Ft. Collins; Hotchkiss. 4. Abronia Carletoni Coult. & Fisch. Dry plains of Colo—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Ft. Collins. 5. Abronia cycloptera-A. Gray. Plains from Wyo. to Tex. and Calif— Exact locality not given. 6. Abronia micrantha A. Gray. On dry mesas and in sandy soil from S. D. to Mont. and N. M.—AlIt. 4000-9000 ft—Near Pike’s Peak; Crow Creek; Cafion City; Grand Junction; Trinidad; valley of upper Arkansas River; Swallows, between Cafion City and Pueblo; near Badito; near Pueblo; head- waters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walsenburg; Salida; New Windsor; Conejos River, north of Antonito. 2. QUAMOCLIDION DC. Four-o’cLocx. 1. Quamoclidion multiflorum Torr. (Mirabilis multifora A. Gray.) In valleys from Colo. to Utah, Texas and Ariz—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Florence ; Pueblo; Deer Run; Cucharas Junction; Cafion City; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Grand Junction; Cimarron; Pueblo; Florence. 3. ALLIONIELLA Rydb. 1, Allioniella oxybaphoides (A. Gray) Rydb. (Mirabilis oxybaphoides A. Gray) In valleys from Colo. to Utah and Tex.— Alt. 7000-8000 ft.—Salida; Buena Vista; Trail Glen. 4. ALLIONIA Loeffl, UmBreLLA-wort. Leaves from cordate to broadly ovate-lanceolate; all distinctly petioled. 1. A, nyctaginea. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong or linear, sessile or only the lower short-petioled. Involucres in open terminal cymes. Stem more or less hirsute as well as viscid. Leaves ovate or broadly oblong, as well as the stem conspicuously hirsute. 2. A. hirsuta. Leaves linear-lanceolate, almost glabrous; stem sparingly hirsute or glabrous except under the nodes. 3. A. pilosa. Stem glabrous below, not hirsute, viscid-puberulent above. Lower leaves ovate, rounded at the base. 4. A. sessilifolia. Lower leaves lanceolate to linear, tapering at the base. 124 ALLIONIACEAE. Leaves erect or ascending; lobes of the involucre rounded or broadly triangular-ovate. Plant prostrate or diffuse; involucres and branches of the inflorescence densely viscid hairy. 3. A. diffusa, Plants more simple, erect or ascending; branches of the inflorescence usually merely viscid-puberulent. Leaves from ovate or obovate to linear-lanceolate, usually over 5 mm. wide. 6. A. lanceolata. Leaves narrowly linear, less than 5 mm. wide. 7. A, linearis. Leaves divergent ; lobes of the involucre elliptic or oval. 8. A. divaricata. Involucres on solitary axillary peduncles, rarely also in small dense terminal clusters. 9. A. Bodinii. 1. Allionia myctaginia Michx. (Orybaphus myctaginius Sweet) In alluvial soil from Ill. to Sask., Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Denver; Ft. Collins; buttes along Poudre River, near Ft. Collins. z. Allionia hirsuta Pursh. On plains and sandy valleys from Minn. to S. D., Nebr. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Cheyenne Mountain; Manitou; Colo- ‘ rado Springs; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; North Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Englemann Cafion; vicinity of Ft. Collins. 3. Allionia pilosa (Nutt.) Rydb. In dry and sandy soil from Wis. to Sask., La. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft-—New Windsor, Weld Co.; La Veta. 4. Allionia sessilifolia Osterhout. Plains of Colo.—Livermore. 5. Allionia diffusa Heller. In sandy soil and on plains from N. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Minnehaha; Piedra; Ft. Collins; Pueblo; Horsetooth Gulch; Table Rock; Hotchkiss; above Rustic; Grand Junction. 6. Allionia lanceolata Rydb. On plains and prairies and in dry sandy soil from Minn. to Wyo., Tenn., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Cafion City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; vicinity of Ft. Collins. 7. Allionia linearis Pursh. (Oxybaphus angustifolius Sweet.) On dry plains from Minn. to Mont., La. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Grand Cafion of Arkansas; Platte River, Denver; Grand Junction; southeast of Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison, Co. 8. Allionia divaricata Rydb. In sandy valleys from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Durango. g. Allionia Bodinii (Holz.) Morong. (Oxybaphus Bodinit Holz.) On dry mesas from Colo. to Utah and Tex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Pueblo; Ft. Collins. 5. WEDELIA Loeffl. 1, Wedelia incarnata L. In valleys from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also Mexico and Tropical America——Cafion City (Greene). Family 49. TETRAGONIACEAE Reichenb. CarpreT-wEED FamIty. 1. SESSUVIUM L. SeEa-pursLane. 1. Sessuvium sessile Pers. On saline plains from Kans. to Nev., Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Alamosa. PORTULACACEAE. 125 Family 50. PORTULACACEAE Reichenb. PursLane Famity. Ovary superior. Sepals 2. Sepals deciduous; capsule 3-valved. 1. TALINUM. Sepals persistent. Capsule 3-valved from the apex. Plants with corms or fleshy roots; stem-leaves opposite. z. CLAYTONIA. Plants with slender rootstocks or annual roots. Stem with a single sessile pair of leaves, with an erect or ascending rootstock or in ours annual roots. %, Laatra, Stem decumbent or floating, with several pairs of stem-leaves, rooting at the nodes and producing filiform runners, forming bulblets at the apex. 4. CRUNOCALLIS. Capsule circumscissile near the base. Plants with fleshy roots and short caudices and numerous basal leaves. 5. OREOBROMA. Plants with globose corms and 2-3 cauline leaves. 6. EROcALLIS. Sepals 4-8. 4. LEWISIA. Ovary partly inferior; upper portion circumscissile, falling off with the sepals. 8. PorTULACA. 1. TALINUM Adans. FAME-FLOWER. Flowers about 1 cm. wide; stamens 5. 1. T. parviflorum. Flowers 2-3 cm; stamens many. z. T. calycinum. 1. Talinum parviflorum Nutt. (7. teretifolium Porter & Coult.; not L.) In rocky soil from Minn. to S. D., Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000- 7000 ft—Garden of the Gods; Denver, along the Platte River; Ft. Collins; Mason’s river-front farm; Spring Cafion. z. Talinum calycinum Engelm. In sandy soil from Ark. to Colo., Tex. to N. M.—Exact locality not given. 2. CLAYTONIA L. Sprinc Beauty. Plant with rounded corms; basal leaves few. Stem leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, 1-ribbed or indistinctly 3-ribbed. Leaves petioled ; corolla white. 1. C. virginiana. Leaves sessile; corolla pink. 2. C. rosea. Stem leaves broadly lanceolate, distinctly 3-ribbed. 3. C. lanceolata. Plants with a short caudex and a fleshy tap root; basal leaves numerous. 4. C. megarrhiza. 1. Claytonia virginiana L. Around springs from N. S. and Mont. to Va., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.—Foot-hills, Ft. Collins; Soldier, Cafion; Larimer Co. 2. Claytoniasrosea Rydb. In rich damp soil in Wyo. and Colo—Alt. 7000- 8000 ft.—Graham’s Peak; hills southeast of La Veta. 3. Claytonia lanceolata Pursh. (C. Caroliniana sessilifolia Torr.) In wet rich soil from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Howe’s Gulch; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Grand Mesa. 4. Claytonia megarrhiza Parry. Among rock-slides, on the higher moun- tains, from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-14,000 ft—West Spanish Peak; Cameron Pass; Gray’s Peak; Central City; James’ Peak; Pike’s Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Como; Boreas; 126 PORTULACACEAE. Carson; Mt. Bartlett; Robinson; mountains near Empire; Massif de l’Arapa- hoe; Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; mountains northwest of Como; Boreas; Devil’s Causeway; Berthoud Pass; Ethel Peak. 3. LIMNIA L. SpanisH Lettuce. 1. Limnia depressa (A. Gray) Rydb. (Claytonia parviflora depressa A. Gray) On river banks and near springs from S. D. to Wash., Colo., Ariz. and Calif—Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 4. CRUNOCALLIS Rydb. Water Sprinc Beauty. 1. Crunocallis Chamissonis (Esch.) Rydb. (Claytonia Chamissonis Esch.) In streams from Minn. to B. C., N. M. and Calif —Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Rabbit- Ear Pass; Beaver Creek; Long Gulch; Ward, Boulder Co.; Middle Park; Green Mountain Falls; North Park; Empire; Moon’s ranch, Larimer Co.; Empire; Walton Creek, North Park; Baxter’s ranch; Table Rock; Middle Park; Arapahoe Pass; Beaver Creek; Long Gulch. 5. OREOBROMA Howell. Sepals not erose-denticulate. 1. O. nevadensis. Sepals erose-denticulate. 2. O. Grayi. 1. Oreobroma nevadensis (S. Wats.) Howell. (Calandrinia Nevadensis S. Wats.) On dry mountains from Wash. to Colo. and Calif.—Steamboat Springs. 2. Oreobroma pygmaea (A. Gray) Howell. (Calandrinia pygmaea A. Gray) Dry mountain sides from Mont. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 12,000 ft— Mountain northeast of Boreas; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; Leroux Parks; Cameron Pass; Bob Creek; Boreas; Leadville; Grayback mining camp; Arapahoe Peak. 6. EROCALLIS Rydb: 1. Erocallis triphylla (S. Wats.) Rydb. (Claytonia triphylla S. Wats.; Oreobroma triphylla Howell) In the mountains from Wyo. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Cameron Pass. 7. LEWISIA Pursh. Buirrer Root. 1. Lewisia redeviva Pursh. On stony ridges from Mont. to Colo., Ariz. and Cafif.—Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. 8. PORTULACA L. Purstang, PussLey, Stem prostrate ; sepals pointed in the bud; seeds obscurely granulate. : 1 2, oleracea. Stem ascending; sepals obtuse in the bud; seeds echinate-tuberculate. 2. P. retusa. 1. Portulaca oleracea L. In waste places and cultivated soil from Maine to Mont., Fla. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Ft. Collins. 2. Portulaca retusa Engelm. In sandy soil from Ark. to Nev., Tex. and N. M—Alt. up to 6000 ft—Colorado Springs. ALSINACEAE. 127 Family 51. ALSINACEAE Wahl. Cuickweep Famity. Stipules wanting. Petals 2-cleft or 2-parted. Capsule short ovate or oblong; styles usually 3. 1. ALSINE. Capsule long, cylindric and often curved; styles usually 5. 2, CERASTIUM. Petals entire or merely notched. Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them. 3. SAGINA. aye fewer than the sepals or if occasionally of the same number opposite them. Seeds with a basal membranous appendage (strophiole) at the hylum. 4. MoruRInaia. Seeds not strophiolate. Capsules opening by twice as many valves as the styles. 5. ARENARIA. Capsules opening by as many valves as the styles. 6. ALSINOPSIS. Stipules present. 7. TISSA. 1. ALSINE L. Starwort. CHICK-wEEeD, STITCHWoRT. Lower leaves ovate, abruptly contracted into a distinct petiole. 1. A. media, Leaves all sessile or subsessile. Plant not at all viscid. Upper bracts at least scarious. Petals minute or none; branches of the inflorescence at last reflexed. 2. A. baicalensis. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals; branches of the inflorescence ascending. Leaves broadest about the middle, narrowed at the base. 3. A. longifolia. Leaves broadest near the base. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, light green; flowers usually many. 4. A. longipes. Leaves lanceolate, bluish green; flowers few, often solitary. 5. A, laeta. None of the bracts scarious. Leaves linear to lanceolate, more than four times as long as broad. Petals equalling or exceeding the sepals. Plant low, less than 1 dm. high, bluish green. 5. A. laeta. Plant tall, light green ; stem over 1 dm. long. 6. A. borealis. Petals much shorter than the sepals or none. 7. A. crassifolia. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, ovate or oval, less than four times as long as broad. Leaves thin. Stem glabrous or nearly so; sepals obtuse. 8. A. obtusa. Stem distinctly pubescent; sepals acutish. 9. A. calycantha. Leaves very thick and fleshy. 10. A. polygonoides. Plant more or less viscid, especially the upper portion. 11. A. Jamegana. 1. Alsine media L. (Stellaria media Cyr.) Introduced around dwellings. Native of Europe and Asia.—Ft. Collins. 2. Alsine baicalensis Coville. (Stellaria umbellata Turcz.) Along moun- tain streams from Mont. to Ore. Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 8000-14,000 ft— Cameron Pass; Red Mountain; Seven Lakes; Buffalo Pass; Beaver Creek; Ouray; Ruby; West Spanish Peak; Grayback mining camps; Silver Plume; near Pagosa Peak; Middle Park; Mt. Hesperus; Trapper’s Lake; Pike’s Peak; Gray’s Peak; Ironton; Argentine Pass; northeast of Boreas; Eldora to Baltimore; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 128 ALSINACEAE. 3. Alsine longifolia (Muhl.) Britt. (Stellaria longifolia Muhl.) In wet meadows from Newf. to Alaska, Md. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-11,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Tennessee Pass; Mancos; Larimer Co.; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; Idaho Springs; Higho; Parlin; Sheephorn Divide; Gunnison; Iola; headwaters of Clear Creek; Graymont; Conejos River, north of Antonito; Baxter’s ranch; Table Rock; Steamboat Springs. 4. Alsine longipes (Goldie) Coville. (Stellaria longipes Goldie) In wet meadows from Lab. to B. C. and Colo—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft-——Leroux Parks; Caribou. In the Rocky Mountain region it is mostly represented by var. stricta (Richardson) Rydb. (Stellaria stricta Richardson.) It differs from the type in having acute sepals. Its range extends farther southwest to Calif—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—West Indian Creek; Moon’s ranch, Larimer Co.; Marshall Pass; Dark Cafion; Tennessee Pass; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Alsine laeta (Richards.) Rydb. In wet places in the mountain sides from Lab. to B. C., Que. and Nev.—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft—Little Veta Mountain; West Spanish Peak; Bob and Chicken Creeks; Beaver Creek; Devil’s Causeway. 6. Alsine borealis (Bigel.) Britt. In wet meadows from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif—Idaho Springs; Trapper’s Lake. 7. Alsine crassifolia (Ehrh.) Britton. (Stellaria crassifolia Ehrh.) Marshes and wet places from Lab. to Alaska, Que. and Colo.—Alt. about 10,000 ft—Como. 8. Alsine obtusa (Engelm.) Rose. (Stellaria obtusa Engelm.) In wet places from Mont. to B. C., Colo., Utah and Wash.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.— Ruby; Anthracite Creek. g. Alsine calycantha (Bong.) Rydb. (Stellaria calycantha Bong.) In bogs and wet meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—AIt. go00-10,500 ft—Bogs, Columbine; Bob Creek. 1o. Alsine polygonoides Greene. In wet places in Colo.—Alt. about 11,500 ft—Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains. 1x, Alsine Jamesiana (Torr.) Heller. (Stellaria Jamesiana Torr.) In wet woodlands from Wyo. to N. M. and Calif—AlIt. 5000-9000 ft.—Howe’s Gulch; Rist Cafion; Poverty Ridge; near Cimarron; mountains west of Steamboat Springs; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Mesa Verde; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Apex; hills south of Rifle, Garfield Co.; Mancos; Platte Cafion; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. $2, CERASTIUM L. Movuse-car CHICKWEED, PowDER-HORN. Annual; pods 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Pedicels in fruit 1-3 times as long as the calyx, straight or nearly so. 1. C. brachypodum. Pedicels in fruit 5 times as long as the calyx or longer, strongly curved above. 2. C. longipedunculatum. Perennials ; pods 1-2 times as long as the calyx. Leaves oblong, ovate or oval, mostly obtuse or acutish. Petals 1 cm. long or more, fully twice as long as the calyx. Sepals, at least the outer, oval, obtuse, scarious-margined at the tip as well as on the sides. 3. C. pulchellum. Sepals lanceolate, acute, scarious-margined mostly only on the sides. 4. C. Earlei. ALSINACEAE. 129 Petals less than 1 cm. long. Sepals tinged with purple; stem depressed. 5. C. beeringianum. Sepals light green; plant not depressed. 6. C. pilosum. Leaves, except the uppermost, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute. Leaves of the inflorescence short, broadly ovate. 7. C. oreophilum. Leaves all linear or linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong. Stem villous with reflexed hairs. 8. C. campestre. Stem finely glandular puberulent. Leaves thin and soft, all linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate; midrib not prominent. 9. C. scopulorum. Leaves thick and firm; midrib prominent. to. C. occidentale. 1. Cerastium brachypodium (Engelm.) Robbinson. In dry sandy soil from S. D. to Mont., Mo., Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Moun- tains, Larimer Co.; Pennock’s mountain ranch; gulch west of Pennock’s; Ft. Collins; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe’s Gulch; Bijou Basin. z. Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl. (C. nutans Ra.) In wet places from N. S. to B. C, N. C, Ariz. and Ore—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Veta Pass; Jola; Veta Mountain. 3. Cerastium pulchellum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo—AlIt. 13,000 ft— Hayden Peak. 4. Cerastium Earlei Rydb. In wet places among rocks in the mountains of Colorado.—Alt. gooo-12,000 ft—Near La Plata Post Office; Little Kate Basin; Mt. Robinson; Cumberland Basin; Horsetooth Gulch. 5. Cerastium beeringianum C. & S. In alpine-arctic regions among rocks from Alb. to Alaska, Colo. and Ariz—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft.—Gray’s Peak; Seven Lakes; Upper West Mancos Cafion; Mt. Hesperus, at timber line; mountains of Estes Park; Bottomless Pit, near Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; head- waters of Clear Creek; southeast of Cameron Pass. 6. Cerastium pilosum Greene. In alpine places among rocks in Colo.—Allt. 5000-12,000 ft—Mountains above Ouray; Horsetooth Gulch. 7. Cerastium oreophilum Greene. In wet places among the mountains from Colo. to Calif—Alt. 5000-12,000 ft—Seven Lakes; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; Pass Creek; mountain near Veta Pass. 8. Cerastium campestre Greene. On hills and mountain-sides from Alb. to Yukon, Wash. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Mt. Abram, Ouray; Pike’s Peak; foot-hills north of Ft. Collins; Berthoud Pass; Continental Divide; Muddy Pass; North Park; Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Trapper’s Lake; Pen- nock’s; Como; Dixon Cafion; Spring Cafion, Howe’s Gulch; Coup ®ivide. g. Cerastium scopulorum Greene. In mountains from Colo. to Wyo. and N. M.—Alt. 9000-11,000 ft—_Near La Plata Post Office; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; vicinity of Como; Robinson; Veta Pass; Cameron Pass; Dixon Cafion. : 1o. Cerastium occidentale Greene. On dry hills from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Cripple Creek road; Seven Lakes; Cameron Pass; Veta Mountain; Clear Creek Station; Empire; Horsetooth Mountain; Horse- tooth Gulch; Bear Creek Cafion; Spicer, Larimer Co.; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 9 130 ALSINACEAE. 3. SAGINA L. PEAL-wort. Basal leaves linear-filiform ; petals shorter than the green sepals. 1. S. saginoides, Basal leaves subulate; petals longer than the purple-tinged sepals. z. S. nivalis. 1. Sagina saginoides (L.) Britton. (S. Linnaeit Presl) In wet places, among rocks and on brook-banks from Greenl. to Alaska, Que., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft-—Twin Lakes; Grayback mining camps; La Plata Post Office; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Buffalo Pass; Em- pire; Chambers’ Lake. 2. Sagina nivalis Fries. In arctic-alpine localities from Lab. to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. about 14,000 ft— Gray’s Peak. 4. MOEHRINGIA L. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oval, usually obtuse; sepals obtuse or acutish; stem terete. 1. M. lateriflora. Leaves lanceolate, acute; sepals very acute or acuminate; stem angled. z. M. macrophylla, 1. Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenz. (Arenaria laterifora L.) In wet places, especially among bushes, from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Utah.—Alt. 5000- 10,000 ft.—Happy Hollow, Larimer Co.; headwaters of Pass Creek; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Rifle, Garfield Co.; Stove Prairie; Walton Creek. z. Moehringia macrophylla (Hook.) Torr. (A. macrophylla Hook.) In wet places, among bushes, from Lab. to B. C., Vt. and Calif—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Red Mountain; Slide Rock Cafion. 5. ARENARIA L. Sanpwort. Leaves neither narrowly linear nor pungent. Plant low and spreading; stem less than 1 dm. long; leaves ovate or ovate- lanceolate, less than 1 cm. long. 1. A. polycaulos. Plant taller; stem 2-3 dm. long; leaves oblong or linear-oblong, over ¢ cm. long. 2. A. confusa, Leaves narrowly linear, more or‘less rigid and pungent. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence contracted and headlike. 3. A. congesta. Inflorescence more open. Flowers mostly subsessile in small glomerules at the ends of the branches of the very irregular cymes. 4. A. Burkei. Flowers all pedicelled in open regular cymes; inflorescence more or less glandular. Leaves distinctly pungent; plant sparingly glandular-puberulent. 5. A. uintahensis. Leaves more fleshy, hardly pungent ; inflorescence and calyx densely glan- dular-pubescent. 6. A. Tweedyi. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate. Cymes open, not densely congested. Plant more or less glandular. 7. A, Fendleri. Plant perfectly glabrous. 8. A. Eastwoodiae. Cymes densely congested. Sepals 8-10 mm. long; stem leaves 2-3 cm. long. 9. A. pinetorum. Sepals 5-7 mm. long; stem-leaves 0.5-1.5 cm. long. 10. A. Hookeri. 1, Arenaria polycaulos Rydb. (A. saxosa Coulter; not A. Gray) On dry hills from Colo, to Ariz—Alt. 9000-10,c00 ft—lLa Plata Post Office; Dark Cafion; Breckenridge; Grayback mining camps; Mt. Harvard; Silverton. ALSINACEAE. 131 2, Arenaria confusa Rydb. (A. savosa Robinson, in part) In sandy soil from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 7500-12,000 ft —Ouray; Wahatoya Creek; near Pagosa Peak; La Plata Mountains; Mancos. 3. Arenaria congesta Nutt. On dry plains from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.—Oak mesa, Delta Co.; Little Muddy Creek, Gun- nison Co.; Twin Lakes; North Park; along the Michigan; Middle Park; Ouray; Cimarron. 4. Arenaria Burkei Howell. (A. subcongesta (Wats.) Rydb.) On plains and hills from Mont. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Willow Creek, Routt Co. : 5. Arenaria uintahensis A. Nels. Dry plains from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 8000 ft—Mesa on the Gunnison River; Grand Junction. 6. Arenaria Tweedyi Rydb. On dry mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 12,000 ft—La Plata Mountains. 7. Arenaria Fendleri A. Gray. On dry hills and mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 7000-13,500 ft—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Crystal Park; Stage Coach Mountain; butte 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Callian; Cascades, near Pike’s Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cam- eron Pass; Crystal Lake; Colorado Springs; Caribou; headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray’s Peak; Dillon Cafion; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek; Cam- eron Pass; Moon’s ranch; Wood’s ranch; mountains between Steele’s and Little Beaver; Graymont; West Cameron Pass; South Park, southeast of Jefferson; Monument; Campton’s Pass; Ethel Peak. Arenaria Fendleri Porteri Rydb. On dry mountain ridges of Colo.— Alt. 7000-13,500 ft—Mount Ouray; Pike’s Peak; Alpine Tunnel; mountains west of Como; South Park, southeast of Jefferson; Silver Plume; George- town; Stephan’s Mine; divide between Colorado Springs and Denver; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Pike’s Peak; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; West Spanish Peak; La Plata Post Office; north of Cheyenne Cafion; Em- pire; Berthoud Pass. Arenaria Fendleri diffusa Porter & Coulter. On dry mountains of Colo.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Mountains between Steele’s and Little Beaver; Como; Mt. Harvard; Green Mountain Falls; Georgetown; Cheyenne Mountain; Middle Park; Boulder. 8. Arenaria Eastwoodiae Rydb. (A. Fendleri glabrescens Wats.?) On dry hills in western Colo—Grand Junction. g. Arenaria pinetorum A. Nels. On dry hills from S. D. to Ida., Neb. and Colo.—Livermore, Larimer Co.; Cedar Hills; Owl Cajfion. to. Arenaria Hookeri Nutt. On dry hills from Mont. to Nebr. and Colo.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft——Larimer Co.; Cedar Hills. 6. ALSINOPSIS Small. Sanpwort. Sepals acute or acuminate. Petals 6-7 mm. long, much exceeding the sepals. 1. A, macrantha. Petals small, scarcely exceeding the sepals. Plant densely glandular. 2. A. propinqua. Plant glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear-subulate, usually over 1 cm. long, 1-nerved, obtuse, more or less triangular, fleshy. 3. A. Rossii. 132 ALSINACEAE, Leaves linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acutish, flat, less than 1 cm. long. 4. A. quadrivalvis. Sepals obtuse. 5. A. obtusiloba. x. Alsinopsis macrantha Rydb. In sandy soil in the mountains of Colo. —Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains. 2. Alsinopsis propinqua (Richards.) Rydb. (Arenaria propinqua Richard- son; A. verna hirta Am. auth.; A verna aequicaulis A. Nels.) In sandy soil from Hudson Bay and Mackenzie River, to B. C., Colo. to Utah.—Alt. 8000- 13,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Silverton; Saddle Cliffs; Georgetown; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; near Pagosa Peak; South Park; Boreas; Beaver Creek; Chambers’ Lake; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Alsinopsis Rossii (Richards.) Rydb. (Arenaria Rossii Richards.) In arctic-alpine regions from the arctic coast to Colo. and Wash.—Alt. 11,000- 13,500 ft.—Sierra Blanca; Bald Mountain. 4. Alsinopsis quadrivalvis (R. Br.) Rydb. (Arenaria quadrivalvis R. Br.) In alpine-arctic situations, along the arctic coast of North America and on alpine peaks in Colo—‘ Colorado.” ; 5. Alsinopsis obtusiloba Rydb. (Arenaria obtusa Torr.; not All.; A. bifora S. Wats., in part; A. Sajanensis Robinson; scarcely Willd.) On exposed mountain tops from Alb. to B. C., N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 10,000-13,500 ft—Mt. Garfield; Pike’s Peak; Beaver Creek; Ward, Boulder Co.; Mount Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Harvard; Cameron Pass; Iron Mountain; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Gray’s Peak; Mt. Princeton; Seven Lakes; Caribou; Empire; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de l’Arapahoe; mountains near Como; Cameron Pass; Graymont; Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass; northwest of Como; Gray’s Peak; Cameron Pass; Graymont; Ethel Peak. 7. TISSA Adans. Sanp Spurry. 1. Tissa sparsiflora Greene. Sandy and alkaline soil from Wyo. to B. C., Colo. and Ore—New Windsor. Family 52, CARYOPHYLLACEAE Reichenb. Pinx Famity. Calyx-ribs, usually 10, at least twice as many as the teeth, running both into the teeth and the sinuses. Styles mostly 3; capsule usually septate at the base. 1. SILENE. Styles 5 ; capsule 1-celled to the base. 2. Lycunis. Calyx strongly 5-angled and 5-ribbed. 3. WACCARIA. 1. SILENE L. CatcHriy, CAMPION. Annuals. Glabrous or nearly so or the upper nodes glutinous. Stem-leaves linear or linear-lanceolate ; bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate. Petals exceeding the sepals by 2-5 mm.; blade obovate-cuneate, 2-cleft. 1. S. antirrhina. Petals none or small, not exceeding the sepals; blade cuneate, truncate or emarginate at the apex. 2. S. antirrhina depauperata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate; bracts lanceolate, more or less scarious- margined below. 3. S. antirrhina vaccariifolia. Viscid-pubescent or hirsute throughout. 4. S. noctiflora, CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 133 Perennials. Calyx not much inflated. Plant caulescent, rather tall, not densely matted. Inflorescence thyroid-paniculate, racemiform or spicate, not leafy; flowers over 1 cm. long. Claws and auricles of the petals narrow; the latter laciniate ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. 5. S. Scouleri. Claws and auricles of the petals broad; the latter ciliate; leaves ob- lanceolate. 6. S. Hallii. Inflorescence leafy ; the flowers borne in the axils of the branches, less than rem. long. Leaves broadly oblanceolate, spreading; branches of the inflorescence divaricate. . 7. S. Mensiesii. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate, ascending; branches of the inflorescence usually ascending or erect. 8. S. stellarioides. Plant subacaulescent, densely cespitose, dwarf. 9. S. acaulis. Calyx much inflated and bladdery. 10. S. vulgaris. 1. Silene antirrhina L. In waste places from Newf. to B. C., Fla. and Calif—Alt. 5000-6500 ft—Palmer Lake; northwest of Soldier Cafion. z. Silene antirrhina depauperata Rydb. In sandy soil from Sask. to B. C., Colo. and Ariz.—Exact locality not given. 3. Silene antirrhina vaccariifolia Rydb. On hillsides from Mont. and Ida. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.—Larimer Co.; Rist Cafion; near Golden. 4. Silene noctiflora L. In waste places and fields from N. S. to Man., Fla. and Utah. Naturalized from Europe—Alt. about 5000 ft—Ft. Collins. 5. Silene Scouleri Hook. In the mountain valleys and hillsides from Ida. to B. C., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. up to gooo ft—Near Pagosa Peak. 6. Silene Hallii S. Wats. In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 6000- 12,000 ft—Jack’s Cabin, Gunnison watershed; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Ruxton Dell; Villa Grove; Cheyenne Cafion; Mancos; Upper La Plata Cafion; headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray’s Peak; Bosworth’s ranch; Stove Prairie; Mt. Harvard. 7. Silene Menziesii Hook. In wet soil, especially among bushes, from Mont. to B. C, Neb., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 7o00-10,500 ft.—Ouray; Bob Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek; Graymont; Gore Pass; North Park; Hotchkiss; Dolores. 8. Silene stellarioides Nutt. Among bushes from Mont. to Wash. and Colo.—Alt. 7000-9000 ft—Gunnison; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Middle Park; Mancos; Los Pinos; Sangre de Cristo Creek. g. Silene acaulis L. On exposed mountain tops, often near the snow, from Greenl. to Alaska, N. H. and Ariz.—Alt. 9000-13,000 ft—Saddle, Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; Mt. Hesperus and Little Kate Basin; near Pagosa Peak; Mt. Harvard; Boreas; Gray’s Peak; Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass; Massif de l’Arapahoe; Crystal Lake; Beaver Creek; Leroux Creek; Ethel Peak. to. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke. (S. inflata J. E. Smith.) Intro- duced from Europe, in meadows and waste places, from N. B. and Ills. to N. J. and Colo.—Manitou. 2. LYCHNIS L. Tall, 3 dm. high or more, several to many-flowered. Petals included. 1. L. Drummondii. Petals exserted. 2. L. striata. Low, about 1 dm. high; flowers 1-3. 3. L. montana. 134 CARYOPHYLLACEAE. 1. Lychnis Drummondii (Hook.) S. Wats. On dry hills and plains from Man. to B. C., N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Sangre de Cristo Creek; Middle Park; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Marshall Pass; Georgetown; Yampa; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Trapper’s Lake; South Park; Empire; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. z. Lychnis striata Rydb. On hillsides from Wyo. to Utah and Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Silver Plume. 3. Lychnis montana S. Wats. Mountains of Colo. and Wyo.—* Colorado ” ; exact locality not given. 3. VACCARIA Medic. Cow-HERB. 1. Vaccaria Vaccaria (L.) Britton. (Saponaria Vaccaria L.) In waste places from Ont. to Alaska, Fla. and Calif—Naturalized from Europe.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft.—Cucharas Valley; Wahatoya Creek; Pagosa Springs; Boulder; Ft. Collins; Pueblo. Order 25. RANALES. Stamens numerous; anther-sacs opening by slits. Gynoecium of single or several free carpels. Submerged water plants with minute axillary sessile monoecious flowers; anthers with horn-like appendages. 53. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. Land plants or rarely water plants with perfect or rarely dioecious flowers ; anthers not with horn-like appendages. 54. RANUNCULACEAE. Gynoecium of several united carpels; water plants with floating, reniform or orbicular-cordate leaf-blades. 55. NYMPHAEACEAE. Stamens definite (in ours 6); anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. 56. BERBERIDACEAE. Family 53. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. A Gray. 1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. 1. Ceratophyllum demersum L. In water from Newf. and Ore. to Fla. and Calif—Platte River. Family 54. RANUNCULACEAE Juss. Crowroot Famity. Carpels with several ovules; fruit a follicle or a berry. Flowers regular. Petals inconspicuous or none, not spurred. Fruit follicles; leaves simple; flowers solitary. Petals wanting ; leaf-blades entire or toothed. a. CALTHA, Petals present, small, linear, clawed; leaf-blades palmately parted and toothed. 2. TROLLIUS. Fruit a berry; leaves twice or thrice ternately compound; flowers racemose. 3. ACTAEA. Petals conspicuous, produced into a spur or at least saccate at the base; leaves ternately compound. 4. AQUILEGIA. Flowers irregular. Posterior sepal spurred. 5. DELPHINIUM. Posterior sepal hooded, helmet-shaped or boat-shaped. 6. AcoNITUM. RANUNCULACEAE. 135 Carpels 1-ovuled ; fruit an achene. Petals wanting; sepals often petal-like. Sepals imbricated in the bud; leaves all alternate, or only those subtending the inflorescence opposite. Flowers subtended by opposite or verticillate leaf-like bracts. Styles short, not elongated in fruit. 7, ANEMONE. Styles much elongated in fruit, plumose. 8. PuLsaTILLa. Flowers not subtended by opposite or verticillate bracts ; leaves all alternate, ternately compound. 17. THALICTRUM. Sepals valvate in the bud; leaves all opposite. Flowers cymose-paniculate, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious; stamens and sepals spreading. 9g. CLEMATIS. Flowers solitary, perfect. Stamens erect; sepals thickish, more or less converging; staminodia wanting. 10. VIORNA. Stamens spreading; sepals thin, spreading from the base; staminodia often present. 11. ATRAGENE. Petals usually present. Sepals spurred; small annuals with basal linear leaves; receptacle in fruit elongated-cylindrical. 12. Myosurus. Sepals not spurred; plant usually bearing cauline as well as basal leaves; receptacle in fruit spherical, conical or short-cylindric. Achenes transversely wrinkled ; petals white. 13. BATRACHIUM. Achenes not transversely wrinkled ; petals yellowish at least without. Achenes not ribbed. 14. RANUNCULUS. Achenes longitudinally ribbed. Achenes compressed; leaves simple, crenate or lobed. 15. HALERPESTES.+ Achenes terete; leaves compound. 16. CYRTORHYNCHA. x. CALTHA L. MarsH-maricoLtp, MEADOW-GOWAN. 1. Caltha leptosepala Hook. (C. rotundifolia (Huth) Greene; C. chiono- phila Greene.) Along brooks and below the snow from the Canadian Rockies to Colo.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Graymont; Beaver Creek; Al- pine Tunnel; Bear Creek Divide; Marshall Pass; Pike’s Peak; Red Moun- tain, south of Ouray; Columbine; Grand Mesa; Carson; Gore Pass; Seven Lakes; near Ironton; Chambers’ Lake; Gray’s Peak; Front Range, Larimer Co.; South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaffee Co.; Mt. Harvard; Lake City; Em- pire; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. z. TROLLIUS L. GtoBeE-FLoweEr. 1. Trollius albiflorus (A. Gray) Rydb. (T. laxus albiforus Gray) In swamps and along streams from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. gooo- 12,000 ft—Above Beaver Creek; Leroux Park; Cameron Pass; Slide Rock Cafion; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; Pagosa Peak; Grand Mesa; Gray- mont; Red Mountain; Marshall Pass; Crystal Lake; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de l’Arapahoe. 3. ACTAEA L. BANE-BERRY. Filaments whitish ; raceme short; pedicels in fruit 1-3 cm. long. Fruit white, ellipsoid, 9-12 mm. long. 1. A. eburnea. Fruit red, spherical or nearly so, 5-7 mm. long. z. A. arguta. Filaments greenish ; raceme elongated; pedicels very short, even in fruit less than zr cm. long; fruit red. 3. A. viridiflora, 136 RANUNCULACEAE. 1. Actaea eburnea Rydb. In rich woods and cafions from Newf. to Alb., Vt. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Mancos; Ouray; Ragged Mountain, Gun- nison Co. z. Actaea arguta Nutt. In rich woods and cafions from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Mountains above Ouray; Wahatoya Cafion; Black Cafion; Veta Pass; Artists’ Glen; near Pike’s Peak. 3. Actaea viridiflora Greene. In cafions from Colo. to Ariz—Alt. about 8000 ft—Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; hills west of Ouray; Trapper’s Lake. 4. AQUILEGIA L. CoLumBINE. ry Petals merely saccate, not spurred; terminal leaflet rhombic, acute. ‘ 1. A. Eastwoodiae. Petals spurred; all leaflets obtuse. Lamina of the petals longer than the strongly curved spur ; flowers blue; stem low. 2. A. saximontana. Lamina of the petals shorter than the slightly curved or straight spur. Spur not over 2 cm. long; flowers nodding. Sepals and spur red. 3. A. elegantula. Whole flower light yellow. 4. A. micrantha. Spur 3-7 cm. long; flowers in anthesis usually erect. Basal leaves usually twice ternate; spur 3-4 cm. long; sepals blue or white. 5. A. coerulea. Basal leaves usually thrice ternate ; spurs 4-7 cm. long; sepals yellow. Spur 4-5 cm. long; sepals less than 2 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute; : follicles strongly curved outward. 6. A. thalictrifolia. Spur 5-7 cm. long; sepals 2-3 cm. long, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; follicles almost straight. 7. A. chrysantha. 1. Aquilegia Eastwoodiae Rydb. (A. ecalcarata Eastw.; A. micrantha Mancosana Eastwood; A. Mancosana Cockerell) In dark cafions, Colo— Johnston Cafion, Mesa Verde. 2. Aquilegia saximontana Rydb. (A. brevistyla A. Gray; not Hook.) Among rocks, Colo.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—-Cameron Pass; Gray’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Bottomless Pit; Argentine Pass. 3. Aquilegia elegantula Greene. (A. Canadensis A. Gray, in part) On wooded hillsides in Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft.—Rico; Silverton; Marshall Pass; Slide Rock Cafion; Mancos; about Ouray; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Glenwood Springs; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; Lake City. 4. Aquilegia micrantha Eastw. In cafions of Colo. and Utah—Johnston Cafion. ‘ 5. Aquilegia coerulea James. In woods and on mountain-sides from Mont. to Utah and Colo.—Alt. 6500-12,000 ft—Vicinity of Como and Como Pass, above timber line; west of Rist Cafion; Beaver Creek; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Table Rock; timber line above Graymont; Baxter’s ranch; Cameron Pass; Trapper’s Lake; Horsetooth Gulch; Horsetooth Mountain; Poudre River; Rist Cafion; Bosworth’s; above Beaver Creek; forks of Poudre and Big South; Empire; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; West Spanish Peak; Bob Creek; below Gray’s Peak; Middle Park; mountains near Veta Pass; Sangre de Cristo Creek; North Cheyenne Cafion; Marshall Pass; Mt. Ouray; near Teller, North Park; Pike’s Peak; Columbine; Dark Cafion; RANUNCULACEAE. 137 North Boulder Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co.; Hahn’s Peak. [State FLower or Coxorapo.] 6. Aquilegia thalictrifolia Rydb. (A. chrysantha Coulter, in part.) In the mountains of Colo. and western Tex.—Alt. 6000-9000 ft.—Alpine Tunnel; Colorado Springs; Bear Creek Cafion; Cafion City; Grand Cafion of the Arkansas. 7. Aquilegia chrysantha A. Gray. In the mountains of N. M. and Ariz. It has also been reported from Colo., but no locality given. 5. DELPHINIUM L. Larkspur. Pedicels erect or nearly so. Sepals white, only tinged with blue; pods over 1 cm. long, about four times as long as broad; seeds squamellate. Spur almost three times as long as the upper petals, more or less curved; seeds 3 mm. long, black, slightly squamellate. 1. D, Penardii. Spur scarcely twice as long as the upper petals, almost straight; seeds 1.5-2 mm. long, brown, strongly squamellate. Lobes of the lateral petals divergent ; lower pedicels elongated; spur mostly erect. 2. D. camporum. Lobes of the lateral petals not divergent ; lower pedicels not elongated; spur mostly horizontal. 3. D. albescens. Sepals dark blue; pod less than 1 cm. long, only 2-3 times as long as broad; seed not squamellate, but wing-margined; stem and leaves glabrous and glaucous. 12. D. elongatum. Pedicels ascending or spreading. Inflorescence few-flowered, the lower pedicels elongated ; sepals broad, spreading; leaf-segments narrow. Roots fascicled, thick, but not tuberiform; stem usually viscid, at least above; blades of the lateral petals about 1 cm. long. 4. D. bicolor. Roots tuberiform ; stem not viscid; blades of the lateral petals about 5 mm. long. Flowers dark blue. 5. D. Nelsonii. Flowers light blue. 6. D. dumetorum. Lower pedicels not elongated. Segments of the basal leaves obtuse, mucronate; flowers light blue. 7. D. scaposum. Segments of all the leaves acute or acuminate. Plant not at all viscid; follicles pubescent. Stem grayish strigose throughout. Leaves divided into cuneate, merely cleft segments. 8. D. geraniifolium. Leaves repeatedly divided into linear division. Stem 3-5 dm. high; bractlets oblong, close under the calyx. 9. D. Geyeri. Stem 5-20 dm. high; bractlets subulate, 2-3 mm. below the calyx. 11. D. robustuim. Stem glabrous and glaucous at least below. Inflorescence dense; follicles scarcely at all arcuate. Leaves puberulent ; inflorescence stigose. Leaf-divisions broad, cuneate, merely cleft into lanceolate lobes. to. D. cuculatum. Leaves repeatedly dissected into linear lobes. 11. D. robustum. Leaves glabrous and glaucous; inflorescence almost glabrous. 12. D. elongatum. Inflorescence lax; follicles strongly arcuate. 13. D. ramosum. Plants more or less viscid, at least the pedicels. 138 RANUNCULACEAE. Plant tall, 4-20 dm. high, not cespitose. Follicles viscid pubescent. Flowers light blue or yellowish, tinged with blue or purple. 14. D. multifiorum, Flowers dark blue. 15. D. occidentale. Follicles glabrous. Sepals obtuse. 16. D. reticulatum. Sepals acute or acuminate. 17. D. Barbeyi. Plants about 1 dm. high, cespitose, viscid pubescent. 18. D. alpestre. 1. Delphinium Penardii Huth. On dry plains of Colo—AlIt. 5000-8000 ft.— Horsetooth Gulch; bank of Arkansas River; Poudre flats, north of Ft. Col- lins; Ft. Collins; Dixon Cafion; near Badito; Wahatoya Creek; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co. 2. Delphinium camporum Greene. On dry plains from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor; near Badito; Walsenburg. 3. Delphinium albescens Rydb. In meadows from Ills. to Man., Ind. Terr. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Ft. Collins. 7 4. Delphinium bicolor Nutt. Hills and plains from Ass. and Wash. to S. D., Utah and Ore.—Also reported from Colorado; but doubtful. 5. Delphinium Nelsonii Greene. On hillsides from Alb. to Wash., Neb. and Utah—Alt. 4o00-10,000 ft—Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; hills west of Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Dolores; Ouray; Howe’s Gulch; Rist Cafion; Spring Cafion; Table Rock; Grand Junction; Wyoming State line; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Ft. Collins; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Chicken Creek; Los Pinos; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; foot-hills west of Ft. Col- lins; Mesa Verde; Cerro Summit; Ironton; Apex; near Boulder; Steamboat Springs; Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 6. Delphinium dumetorum Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft.—Cimarron. 7. Delphinium scaposum Greene. On dry plains from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. about 7000 ft—Mancos. 8. Delphinium geraniifolium Rydb. On hills from Colo. and Ariz.—Colo- rado Springs. g. Delphinium Geyeri Greene. On the plains from Wyo. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; hills south of Horsetooth Mountain; plains near Ft, Collins; Livermore, Larimer Co.; New Windsor. to. Delphinium cuculatum A. Nels. On mountain sides from Mont. and Ida. to Colo.—Alt. about 9000 ft—Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co. 11. Delphinium robustum Rydb. In mountain meadows from Mont. to N. M.—AIt. 6000-9000 ft—Wahatoya Creek; La Veta; Colorado Springs; In- dian Creek Pass; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 12. Delphinium elongatum Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Elk Cafion; Baxter’s ranch; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Villa Grove; alpine ridge east of Middle Park; headwaters of Clear Creek. 13. Delphinium ramosum Rydb. In cafions and on mountain sides in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 6000-9000 ft.—Crystal Park; Williams’ Cafion; Artists’ Glen; North Cheyenne Cafion; Idaho Springs. RANUNCULACEAE. 139 14. Delphinium multiflorum Rydb. On mountain sides from Mont. to Wash. and Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft—North Park; Columbine; divide road to Steamboat Springs; Wilson, San Miguel Co. 15. Delphinium occidentale S. Wats. (D. quercetorum Greene.) On the mountains from Wyo. to Utah and Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Cerro Sum- mit; Berthoud Pass. 16. Delphinium reticulatum (A. Nels.) Rydb. (Delphinium occidentale reticulatum A. Nels.) On mountain-sides in Wyo. and Colo.—Mouth of Basin Creek; Upper La Plata -Cafion. 17. Delphinium Barbeyi Huth. (D. scopulorum subalpinum A. Gray; D. subalpinum A. Nels.) In shady places in the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-13,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Boreas; Gray’s Peak; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Buffalo Pass; Columbine; near Ironton; Silver Plume; Indian Creek Pass; near Pagosa Peak; Upper La Plata Cafion; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Hinsdale Co.; Empire; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 18. Delphinium alpestre Rydb. On alpine peaks, among rocks, in Colo.— Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—Mountain northwest of Como; West Spanish Peak. 6. ACONITUM L. MonxHoop. Front line of the hood strongly concave, i. ¢., the beak long, porrect, almost horizontal. Lower sepals at least 34 as long as the lateral ones ; leaf segments rather broad. 1. A. Bakeri. Lower sepals 14-24 as long as the lateral ones; leaf segments narrow. 2. A. porrectum. Front line of the hood almost straight, 7. e., the beak directed downward. Lateral sepals very oblique; upper margin semi-reniform. 3. A. columbianum. Lateral sepals moderately oblique ; upper margin slightly, if at all, concave. Flowers blue. 4. A. insigne. Flowers ochroleucous. 5. A. ochroleucum. 1. Aconitum Bakeri Greene. (A. atrocyaneum Rydb.) In the mountains of Colo., Wyo. and Utah.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Boreas; Steamboat Springs; gulch west of Bear River; Marshall Pass; Cameron Pass; near Ironton, San Juan Co. z. Aconitum porrectum Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Graymont; Arapahoe Pass; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Coffee Pot Springs; Columbine; Pike’s Peak; North Park; Villa Grove; La Plata Mountains; Lake City; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 3. Aconitum columbianum Nutt. In meadows and open woods from Mont. to B. C., N. M. and Calif—AlIt. 9000-12,000 ft—Ruxton Park; Ruxton Creek; Pike’s Peak; Ouray; Hinsdale Co. 4. Aconitum insigne Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-11,000 ft—Bosworth’s ranch; Stove Prairie; Beaver Creek; Alpine Tunnel; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; Middle Park; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Veta Pass; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Central City; La Plata Mountains; near Pagosa Peak; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 5. Aconitum ochroleucum A. Nels. In the mountains of Colo. and Wyo.— Alt. about 9000 ft—Indian Creek Pass; Ruxton Park, Pike’s Peak; Eldora to Baltimore. 140 RANUNCULACEAE. 7. ANEMONE L. ANEMONE, WIND-FLOWER. Achenes densely villous. Style filiform, usually deciduous ; heads of fruit spherical or nearly so ; involucral leaves short-petioled. Leaves ternate; divisions broadly cuneate or flabelliform, crenate or slightly cleft. 1. A. parviflora. Leaves 2-4 times ternate ; segments linear to lanceolate. 2. A. globosa. Styles subulate, persistent; heads of fruit cylindrical; involucral leaves long- petioled. 3. A. cylindrica. Achenes not villous. Flowers cymose; achenes sparingly hirsute when young, sessile; style long, straight. 4. A. canadensis. Flowers subumbellate ; achenes glabrous, stipitate; style short, curved. 5. A. narcissifiora. x, Anemone parviflora Michx. On exposed mountain tops from Lab. to Alaska, Ont. and Colo.—Alt. about 10,500 ft——South Cottonwood Gulch, Chaf- fee Co. 2. Anemone globosa Nutt. (A. multifida Hook. in part; not Poir.) In meadows and on hillsides from S. D. to Mackenzie River and Alaska, Colo. and Calif.—AlIt. 7000-12,000 ft—Rist Cafion; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Barnes’ Camp; forks of Poudre and Big South Rivers; near foot of Rabbit- Ear Range; near Georgetown; Campton’s ranch; Carson; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Placer; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Veta Pass; Crystal Park; Ruxton Park; Pagosa Springs; Central City; Tennessee Pass; Grizzly Creek; Mt. Harvard; Grayback mining camps; Little Veta Mountains; Caribou; Lake City; Empire; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Anemone cylindrica A. Gray. Among bushes and on hillsides from N. B. to B. C.,, N. J. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Pennock’s; Horsetooth Moun- tain; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; hills west of Soldier Cafion; Trinidad; La Veta; Wahatoya Creek; Mancos; Pagosa Springs; Piedra. 4. Anemone canadensis L. (A. dichotoma L.) In river valleys and among bushes from Lab. to Alb., Md. and N. M.—AIt. 4000-9000 ft.—Rist Cafion; Ft. Collins; Table Rock; Poudre Flats; Garland; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor. 5. Anemone narcissiflora L. In the mountains from Alb. to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. 8000-13,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Beaver Creek; near Teller, North Park; Tennessee Pass; mountains northeast of Boreas; Mt. Harvard; Buf- falo Pass; Alpine Tunnel; South Park; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 8. PULSATILLA Adans. Pasgque FLower. 1, Pulsatilla hirsutissima (Pursh.) Britton. (Ancmone patens Nuttal- liana A. Gray.) On plains and hills from Ills. to Mackenzie, Alb., Tex. and Wash.—Alt. 4o00-10,000 ft—Cameron Pass; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Clear Creek; Hermosa; Manitou; Crystal Park; about Ouray; mountains near Veta Pass; South Cheyenne Cajion; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe’s Gulch; Stove Prairie Hill; Poudre Cafion; Dixon’s Cajfion; Ojo; Lake City; Pike’s Peak; North Boulder Peak; Eldora to Baltimore; Bear Creek Cafion. a RANUNCULACEAE. 141 9. CLEMATIS L. Virctn’s Bower. 1. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. Among bushes and in cafions from N. D. to B. C., Mo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Log Cafion; Poudre River, near Ft. Collins; Rist Cafion; Redstone; Narrows; Deer Run; Ft. Collins; near Ouray; Manitou; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Piedra; Arkansas Valley; Salida; Durango; plains, Colorado Springs. to. VIORNA Reichenb. LEATHER-FLOWER, VASE-VINE. Sepals not at all or very slightly dilated above. Divisions of the leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long. 1. V. Scottii. Divisions of the leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long. 2. V. Bakeri. Sepals conspicuously dilated at the apex. Sepals acute or short-acuminate; plant in age glabrate; divisions of the leaves lanceolate. 3. V. Jonesti. Sepals obtuse or merely acutish; plant permanently villous; divisions of the leaves linear. 4. V. eriophora. 1. Viorna Scottii (Porter) Rydb. (Clematis Scottii Porter; C. Douglasii Scottii Coulter) In open woods and on hillsides from S. D. to Wyo. and N. M.—AIt. 4000-9000 ft.—Vicinity of Dillon Cafion; Trinidad; La Veta; Veta Pass; Poverty Ridge, near Cimarron; Grizzly Creek; La Plata River Valley, near Hesperus Post Office; Cafion City. z. Viorna Bakeri (Greene) Rydb. (Clematis Bakeri Greene) In moun- tains of Colo—Alt. about 7000 ft—Los Pinos; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 3. Viorna Jonesii (Kuntze) Rydb. (Clematis Douglasii Jonesit Kuntze) On hillsides and in cafions from Colo. to Nev.—Alt. 5000-go00 ft—Howe’s Gulch, near Ft. Collins; vicinity of Ouray; Dolores; Cimarron; Dixon Cafion; foot-hills near Boulder. 4. Viorna eriophora Rydb. (Clematis eriophora Rydb.) In the foot-hills of Colo., Utah and Wyo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Ft. Collins; Clear Creek; mesas near Colorado Springs; mountains near Golden City; Pagosa. ur. ATRAGENE L. BeELL-rur, PurpLe Vircin’s Bower. Leaves merely ternate. Staminodia usually decidedly spatulate; leaflets toothed or cleft; teeth and apex rounded. 3. A. diversiloba. Staminodia linear or none; leaflets entire or crenate above the middle, long- acuminate. 1. A. occidentalis. Leaves twice or thrice ternate ; staminodia linear or lacking. Secondary leaflets merely toothed or cleft. 2. A. pseudalpina. Secondary leaflets divided to near the base. 4. A. tenuiloba. 1, Atragene occidentalis Hornem. (A. Columbiana Nutt.; Clematis verti- cillaris Coult., in part) In mountain woods from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Howe’s Gulch; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Rist Cafion; Baxter’s ranch; Ft. Collins; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Empire; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. z. Atragene pseudalpina (Kuntze) Rydb. (Clematis alpina occidentalis A. Gray; not A. occidentalis Hornem.) On hillsides, among bushes and in 142 RANUNCULACEAE. open woods, in Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Minnehaha; Ojo; hills southeast of La Veta; Veta Pass; Idaho Springs; Mt. Abram, Ouray; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Lake City; Cheyenne Cajfion. : 3. Atragene diversiloba Rydb. In mountains of Colo—Mountains near Denver. 4. Atragene tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britton. (Clematis alpina tenuiloba A. Gray.) In mountain woods from S. D. to Mont., Colo. and Ariz —Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Placer; Sheep Cafion; North Cheyenne Cafion; Williams’ Cafion, above Manitou; Colorado Springs; Pike’s Peak. 12, MYOSURUS L. Movse-tait. Achenes with a flat back, only slightly carinate and tipped with a very short appressed beak. a. M. minimus. Achenes strongly carinate on the back, tipped with a long subulate ascending beak. 2. M. aristatus. 1. Myosurus minimus L. In muddy places and shallow water from Ont. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.; also in Europe and northern Africa—Alt. up to 5000 ft—Denver (Eastwood). 2. Myosurus aristatus Benth. In muddy places from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Long’s Peak. 13. BATRACHIUM S. F. Gray. Waite WaTER-CROWFOOT. Petals 5-7 mm. long, broadly obovate; stamens many. Segments of the leaves 10-15 mm. long, rather rigid, scarcely collapsing when withdrawn from the water. 1. B. trichophyllum. Segments of the leaves 15—30 mm. long, flaccid, collapsing when withdrawn from the water. 2. B. flaccidum. Petals less than 5 mm. long, oblong-obovate; stamens 5-12. Stem slender; leaves not very flaccid. 3. B. Drouetii. Stem filiform; leaves very flaccid. 4. B. confervoides. 1. Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix.) Bosh. (Ranunculus aquatilis tricho- phyllus Chaix.) In water from N. S. to B. C, N. C. and Calif.; also in Mex., Europe and Asia.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Near Ouray; Grizzly Creek; Ft. Collins; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor; Denver. 2. Batrachium flaccidum (Pers.) Rupr. (Ranunculus aquatilis trichophyl- lus A. Gray, in’part) In water from Lab. to Wash., N. C. and Low. Calif. —Alt. 4000-I0,000 ft—Ft. Collins; Trail Creek, near junction with North Poudre; Trapper’s Lake; below Carson; Upper Laramie River; Boulder. 3. Batrachium Drouetii (F. Schultz) Nym. In water from Vt. to Alaska, R. I. and Low. Calif—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Piedra. 4. Batrachium confervoides Fries. In water from Man. to Alaska, south to Colo.—In Grand Lake. 14. RANUNCULUS L. Crowroot, BuTTER-cUP. Leaves linear to oval, entire or merely denticulate or crenate; none divided or cleft. FLAMMULAE. Some of the leaves at least cleft. Sepals black-hairy. NIVALES. Sepals not black-hairy. RANUNCULACEAE. 143 Some of the basal leaves entire. GLABERRIMI, None of the leaves entire. Plants neither immersed in the water nor creeping in the mud, if rooting at the nodes, not with palmately lobed or dissected leaves. Achenes turgid, marginless. Petals much exceeding the sepals. Basal leaf-blades not divided to the base. AFFINES. Basal leaf-blades divided to the base, 2-3 times ternate. TRITERNATI. Petals scarcely exceeding the sepals. ABgorTIVI. Achenes compressed with a distinct margin. Beak of the achenes distinctly hooked. RecurvaTI. Beak of the achenes straight or nearly so. REPENTES. Plants immersed in the water or creeping in the mud; leaves palmately lobed, divided or dissected. MUuLtLTIFIDI. FLAMMULAE. Stem filiform, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. 1. R. reptans. Stem not filiform, erect or ascending, not rooting. Petals distinctly clawed; beak of the achenes stout. 2. R. unguiculatus, Petals not clawed; beak of the achenes filiform. 3. R. alismaefolius. NIVALES. Leaf-blades spatulate or elliptic, 2-4-toothed at the apex. 4. R. Macauleyi. GLABERRIMI. Basal leaf-blades elliptic to oval, usually all entire. 5. R. ellipticus. AFFINES. Achenes pubescent; heads oblong to cylindric. Basal leaf-blades or some of them merely crenate; the rest 3-cleft at the apex with a narrow middle lobe. Petals broadly obovate, about 1 cm. long; sepals densely villous. 6. R. cardiophyllus. Petals oblong-obovate, 3-6 mm. long; sepals not densely villous. Petals 5-6 mm. long; head of achenes oblong. 7. R. inamoenus. Petals 3-5 mm. long; head of achenes cylindric. 8. R. micropetalus. Basal leaf-blades all digitately or pedately cleft with acute lobes. 9. R. affinis. Achenes glabrous. Plant glabrous, except the sepals. Lobes of the stem-leaves elliptic, oval or obovate. to. R. Eschscholtzit. Lobes of the upper, stem-leaves linear to oblong. Basal leaf-blades orbicular, seldom reniform, seldom cleft more than half- way down; heads of fruit decidedly oblong; stipules semi-circular, about 2 mm. long. 11. R. alpeophilus, Basal leaf-blades decidedly reniform, cleft deeper than half-way down; heads of achenes spherical or nearly so; stipules of the stem-leaves oval, 3-4 mm. long. 12. R. ochreatus. Plant more or less pubescent. 13. R. ovalis. TRITERNATI. One species. 14. R. adoneus. ABorTIVI. Basal leaf-blades, at least some of them, merely crenate. Achenes pubescent; heads of achenes cylindric. 8. R. micropetalus. Achenes glabrous; heads spherical. 144 RANUNCULACEAE. Basal leaf-blades cordate at the base; plant glabrous. 15. R. abortivus. Basal leaf-blades rarely cordate at the base; plant hairy. : 16. R. micranthus. All the leaf-blades divided or lobed. Lower leaf-blades less deeply lobed, often not more than half down to the base. 17. R. sceleratus. Leaf-blades all divided to near the base. 18. R. eremogenes. RECURVATI. Flowers small; petals only 2-5 mm. long. Stem glabrous. 19. R. Douglasii. Stem hairy; with spreading hairs. Petals 2-3 mm. long. 20. R. Bongardii. Petals 4-5 mm. long. 21. R. Earlei. Flowers larger; petals 5-10 mm. long; stem appressed-pubescent. 22. R. acriformis. REPENTES. Heads of achenes oblong, about 5 mm. thick. 23. R. pennsylvanicus. Heads of achenes globose, about 8 mm. thick. 24. R. Macounit. MULTIFIDI. Leaf-blades deeply cordate at the base; primary divisions lobed or dissected. 25. R. Purshit. Leaf-blades truncate or slightly cordate at the base; primary lobes merely crenate or entire. 26. R. intertextus. 1. Ranunculus reptans L. (R. Flammula reptans E. Meyer) On sandy shores from Lab. to Alaska, N. J., Utah and Ore.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Vicinity of Como; bank of Michigan, North Park; Trapper’s Lake; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Ward; Gunnison; Parlin; Twin Lakes; Steam- boat Springs. . 2. Ranunculus unguiculatus Greene. In wet places in the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft—Grand Mesa; Buffalo Pass; near Pagosa Peak; Deep Creek Lake, Garfield Co.; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co.; Beaver Creek. 3. Ranunculus alismaefolius Geyer. (R. calthaefolius Greene) In wet places from Wyo. to Ney., Colo., Utah and Ore.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft— Deep Creek Lake; Bear Creek Divide; Cameron Pass; Tennessee Pass; Golden; Berthoud Pass; headwaters of Clear Creek; alpine ridges east of Middle Park. ; 4. Ranunculus Macauleyi A. Gray. In wet places, among rocks, on alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Red Mountain; Carson; Pagosa Peak; West Spanish Peak; Bear Creek Divide; Hinsdale Co. 5. Ranunculus ellipticus Greene. (R. glaberrimus Coulter, in part.) In wet places from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 5000-12,000 ft.—Rist. Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Bellone; Dixon Cafion; foot of Horsetooth Mountain; Ft. Collins; Berthoud Pass. 6. Ranunculus cardiophyllus Hook. (R. affinis cardiophyllus A. Gray) In wet meadows and bogs from Sask. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Table Rock; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Campton’s ranch, 12 miles below Grand Lake; Veta Pass; Twin Lakes; Tennessee Pass; Graham’s Peak; divide be- tween Colorado Springs and Denver; Eldora to Baltimore. RANUNCULACEAE. 145 7. Ranunculus inamoenus Greene. In meadows and along streams from Mont. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.—Silverton; Boreas; Mancos;. Breckenridge; Bob Creek; Veta Mountain; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Marlitou; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Los Pinos; West Indian Creek; Palsgrove Cafion; Grand Mesa; Caribou; Berthoud Pass; Eldora to Baltimore; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 8. Ranunculus micropetalus (Greene) Rydb. (R. affinis micropetalus Greene) In wet meadows and along streams from Colo. to Utah and Ariz. Alt. 7000-11,000 ft.—Rico; Silverton; gulch east of Stove Prairie; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Chambers’ Lake; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Iron Mountain; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; West Spanish Peak. g. Ranunculus affinis R. Br. In alpine bogs and meadows from Sask. to Alaska and Colo.—Alt. 7000-12,000 ft.—Stove Prairie Hill; Boreas; West Indian Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. to. Ranunculus Eschscholtzii Schlecht. In wet alpine or subarctic localities from Wyo. to Alaska, Colo., Nev. and Wash.—Mt. Heseprus, at timber line; Mt. Barrett. 11. Ranunculus alpeophilus A. Nels. In wet places near the snow from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft—Boreas; Trapper’s Lake; Beaver Creek; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Tennessee Pass; Caribou; Berthoud Pass. 12. Ranunculus ocreatus Greene. In wet places on alpine peaks in Colo.— Head of Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Mt. Hesperus, at timber line; Mt. Abram, Ouray. 13. Ranunculus ovalis Raf. (R. rhomboideus Goldie.) In meadows from Lab. to Athabaska, Que. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft.—Stove Prairie Hill; Table Rock; Cherry Creek, El Paso Co. 14. Ranunculus adoneus A. Gray. On alpine peaks from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Mountains about Graymont; above Beaver Creek; above timber line, West Como Pass; Berthoud Pass; Georgetown; south fork of Cache la Poudre River; Cameron Pass; Ward, Boulder Co.; Spicer, Larimer Co. 15. Ranunculus abortivus L. In woods and wet grounds from Lab. to Sask., Fla. and Colo—AlIt. 4000-8000 ft—Rist Cafion; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Walton Creek; Victoria; Clear Creek; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Cascade; Ft. Collins; Cameron Pass; Steamboat Springs. 16. Ranunculus micranthus Nutt. In rich woods from Mass. to Sask., Pa. and Colo.—Twin Lakes. 17. Ranunculus sceleratus L. In swamps and ditches from N. B. to Wyo., Fla. and Colo.—Villa Grove. 18. Ranunculus eremogenes Greene. In swamps and on lake shores from Sask. to Alb., N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Poudre, near La Porte; Ft. Collins; Montrose; Placer; near Boulder; Gunnison; Black Cafion; New Windsor; Arboles; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 1g. Ranunculus Douglasii Howell. (R. tenellus Nutt.; not Viv.) On river banks and wet meadows from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 8500 ft—Leroux Creek, Delta Co. 10 146 RANUNCULACEAE. 20. Ranunculus Bongardii Greene. (R. tenellus Lyalliit A. Gray) Along streams from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Ore—Near Wyoming line, North Park. 21. Ranunculus Earlei Greene. Along mountain streams in Colo.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Gore Pass; Leroux Creek; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Mancos; Bob Creek. 22, Ranunculus acriformis A. Gray. Along streams in Wyo. and northern Colo.—Alt. up to 9000 ft.—Laramie River. 23. Ranunculus pennsylvanicus L. f. On river banks from N. S. to Ida, Ga. and Colo.—Alamosa. 24. Ranunculus Macounii Britton. Along streams and in wet places from Ont. to Alb., Iowa and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Ft. Collins; Bear River; Steamboat Springs; Durango; bank of Michigan, Walden; New Windsor; Gunnison; Mancos; Middle Park; La Veta; Kremmling; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Routt Co. 25. Ranunculus Purshii Richardson. (R. multifidus Coult.,in part) In water and on muddy flats from N. S. to Alaska, Ont., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft.—Laramie River; above Beaver Creek; Ft. Collins; bank of Michi- gan, at Walden; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Parlin, Gun- nison Co.; stream 12 miles below Grand Lake; Gunnison. 26. Ranunculus intertextus Greene. (FR. hyperboreus natans Coult.; not Regel; R. natans A. Gray; not Meyer) In water in Wyo. and Colo—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Vicinity of Como; Graymont; Georgetown; Breckenridge; Cassell’s; South Park; Empire City. 15. HALERPESTES Greene. 1. Halerpestes Cymbalaria (Pursh) Greene. (Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh; Oxygraphis Cymbalaria Prantl) In wet and especially alkaline soil from Lab. to Alaska, N. J. and Calif—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Ft. Collins; -Pueblo; Gypsum; Trail Creek; Graymont; Colorado Springs; Montrose; Grizzly Creek; Durango; Arboles; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walsenburg; Parlin; Ouray; Palsgrove Cafion. 16. CYRTORRHYNCHA Nutt. Sepals broadly rounded-ovate, not clawed; petals usually wanting. 1. C. neglecta. Sepals spatulate or obovate, clawed; petals usually present. Leaf segments thick, mostly acute; panicle corymbiform. z. C. ranunculina. Leaf segments thin, broad; inflorescence not corymbiform. 3. C. rupestris. a. Cyrtorrhyncha neglecta Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Horsetooth Mountain; Golden City. z. Cyrtorrhyncha ranunculina Nutt. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo. —Alt. 6000-8000 ft—Hills west of Soldier Cafion; Rist Cafion; foot-hills, Ft. Collins; Howe’s Gulch, Larimer Co.; Spring Cafion; Horsetooth Mountain; Dixon Cafion; Green Mountain Falls; Ohio Creek. 3. Cyrtorrhyncha rupestris Greene. In the mountains of Colorado.—Black Cafion. RANUNCULACEAE. 147 17. THALICTRUM L. Meanow-Rue. Flowers perfect. Plant 2 dm. or less high; achenes turgid; filaments filiform. 1. T. alpinum. Plant 3-10 dm. high; achenes flat and very oblique; filaments clavate. z. T. sparsiflorum. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Achenes turgid, thick-walled; ribs thick and almost corky, separated by acute grooves. Plants polygamous; stem-leaves subsessile. Achenes, petioles and lower surface of the leaves decidedly viscid-pubescent. 3. T. dasycarpum. Achenes, petioles and the lower surface of the leaves glabrous or slightly viscid-puberulent. 4. T. purpurascens, Plants dioecious ; stem-leaves petioled. 5. T. venulosum. Achenes more or less flattened, thin-walled; ribs not thick, separated by wide shallow rounded grooves; achenes not twice as long as broad, decidedly oblique. 6. T. Fendleri. 1. Thalictrum alpinum L. In alpine and arctic bogs from Greenl. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif.—Alt. g000-12,000 ft—Como; Alpine Tunnel; Seven Lakes; Tennessee Pass; near Wyoming line, North Park; Hamor’s Lake, above Durango; West Indian Creek; Pike’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; alpine ridges east of Middle Park. 2. Thalictrum sparsiflorum Turcz. In wet ground from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 6000-8500 ft—Happy Hollow; near Georgetown; Carle- ton Lake; Parlin; Long Gulch, Larimer Co.; Minnehaha; headwaters of Clear Creek; Empire. 3. Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Lall. In wet meadows from Ont. to Sask. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Ft. Collins; La Veta; New Windsor; bank of river, Larimer Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Pagosa Springs; Walsenburg. 4. Thalictrum purpurascens L. (7. Cornutt Torr., in part; not L.) In wet meadows from N. S. to Sask., Fla. and Colo—aAlt. 4000-6000 ft——Along the Poudre; Ft. Collins and La Porte; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 5. Thalictrum venulosum Trelease. On hills and in open woods from Man. to B. C. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-12,000 ft—Dillon Cafion; Cache la Poudre; Gunnison; Estes Park; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 6. Thalictrum Fendleri Engelm. In the mountains from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; gulch west of Pennock’s; Livermore; Steamboat Springs; Four- Mile Hill, Routt Co.; vicinity of Ouray; Villa Grove; Ute Pass; Dillon; foot of Pike’s Peak; Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; North Cheyenne Cafion; Mancos; Silver Plume; Idaho Springs; Arboles; Pagosa Peak; Chicken Creek;- Bob Creek; Colorado Springs; Turkey Creek; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. Family 55.5 NYMPHAEACEAE DC. Warer-.ity Famity. 1. NYMPHAEA L. YELLow WatER-LILY. x. Nymphaea polysepala (Engelm.) Greene. In lakes and slow streams from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. to Calif.—Alt. up to 11,000 ft—Chambers’ Lake; Bierstadt Lake. 148 BERBERIDACEAE. Family 56. BERBERIDACEAE. Barserry FamILy. Primary leaves of the shoots reduced to spines; in their axils short branches with secondary, unifoliate leaves. 1. BERBERIS. Primary leaves of the shoots pinnate; no spines. z. ODOSTEMON. 1. BERBERIS L. Barperry. 1. Berberis Fendleri A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 6000-7000 ft—Durango; Mancos; Arboles; Mancos Cafion. z. ODOSTEMON Raf. Orecon GRAPES. Fruit becoming dry and inflated at maturity; leaflets less than 3 cm. long; shrub 15-36 dm. high. 1. O. Fremontii. Fruit fleshy, not inflated at maturity; leaflets 3-6 cm. long; shrub prostrate, 1-3 dm. high. 2. O. Aquifolium. 1. Odostemon Fremontii (Torr.) Rydb. (Berberis Fremontti Torr.) In the mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz.—Smith Fork Cafion, Delta Co. 2. Odostemon Aquifolium (Pursh) Rydb. (Berberis Aquifolium Pursh; B. repens Lindl.) On hills from Mont. and Ida. to N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft.—Vicinity of Horsetooth; Horsetooth Gulch; Rist Cafion; Clear Creek Cafion, above Golden; Platte Cafion; Ouray; Snake River; hills south- east of La Veta; East Indian Creek; Veta Mountain; cafion of La Plata River; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; about Ouray; Lake City; near Boulder. Order 26. PAPAVERALES. Sepals 2 or 3; endosperm present. Flowers regular; stamens in ours numerous. 57. PAPAVERACEAE. Flowers irregular; stamens 6, diadelphous. 58. FUMARIACEAE. Sepals 4, rarely more; endosperm wanting. Capsule 2-celled ; stamens 6, tetradynamous, rarely 2 or 4. 59. BRASSICACEAE. Capsule 1-celled; stamens not tetradynamous, 6 or more. 60. CAPPARIDACEAE. Family 57. PAPAVERACEAE Juss. Poppy Famity. Capsule opening by many dentiform lids under the stigma; placentae ceptiform. 1, PAPAVER. Capsule opening by 4-6 valves at the summit; placentae nerviform. 2. ARGEMONE. 1. PAPAVER L. Poppy. 1. Papaver radicatum Rottb. (P. alpinum and P. nudicaule A. Gray; not L.) In arctic regions and on alpine mountain tops from Greenl. and Lab. to Alaska and in Colo.; also in Europe.—Alt. 13,000-14,000 ft—Gray’s Peak. 2. ARGEMONE L. Pricxty Poppy. Corolla yellow. 1. A. mexicana. Corolla white. Stem unarmed or prickly, but not hispid pubescent. 2. A, intermedia. Stem hispid pubescent as well as spiny; leaf-blades deeply and usually doubly lobed. 3. A. hispida. PAPAVERACEAE. 149 1. Argemone mexicana L. Introduced from Mexico and sparingly estab- lished from N. J. to Fla. and N. M. It has been reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Argemone intermedia Sweet. (A. platyceras Coult., in part) In sandy soil, on the plains and in the foot-hills, in cafions and draws from S. D. to Wyo., Tex. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-7500 ft—Dixon Cafion; Spring Cafion; Trinidad; Manitou; Black Cafion; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor; Ft. Collins. 3. Argemone hispida A. Gray. (A. bipinnatifida Greene) On sandy soil, on the plains and in the foot-hills, from Wyo. to Utah and N. M—AIt. 4500- gooo ft—Ft. Collins; along Platte River, Denver; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; Veta Pass; west of New Windsor; foot-hills, Colorado Springs; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Redcliffe. Family 58. FUMARIACEAE. Fumrrory Famity. Capsule 2-valved, several-seeded. 1. CAPNOIDES. Fruit globose, indehiscent, 1-seeded. 2. Fumaria. 1. CAPNOIDES Adans. Corypatts. Annual or biennial; corolla yellow. Bracts narrowly lanceolate; pod torulose, pedulous. a. C. aureum. Bracts ovate-lanceolate, ovate or obovate; pod erect on curved pedicels, not torulose. 2. C. montanum. Perennials with thickened roots; corolla white or tinged with purple. 3. C. Brandegei. 1. Capnoides aureum (Willd.) Kuntze. (Corydalis aurea Willd.) Among bushes, in open woods and on hillsides, from N. S. to Alaska, Pa. and Calif. —Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; above Beaver Creek; Platte River Valley; Stove Prairie Hill; Trail Creek; near Boulder; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Engelmann Cafion; Ouray; Villa Grove; Georgetown; river bank near Ft. Collins; West Indian Creek; Green Moun- tain Falls; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; South Park; Manitou; West Mancos Cafion; Ward, Boulder Co.; Sapinero; Minnehaha; Marshall Pass; Pike’s Peak; mountain sides near Empire; Ute Pass; Walden, Larimer Co. 2. Capnoides montanum (Engelm.) Britton. (Corydalis aurea occidentalis A. Gray; Capnoides pachylobum Greene) On river banks and in cafions from S. D. to Utah, Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Trinidad; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Horgetooth Gulch; foot-hills of Larimer Co.; Howe’s Gulch; Los Pinos; hills southeast of La Veta; Arboles; near Boulder; Rist Cafion; Spring Cafion; Poudre flats; Trinidad; Manitou; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; New Windsor; Upper West Mancos Cafion. 3. Capnoides Brandegei (S. Wats.) Heller. (Corydalis Brandegei S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 9000-10,000 ft—Leroux Creek; Crystal Creek; Ruby; near Pagosa Peak; Piedra Mountains. 2. FUMARIA L. Fumirtory. 1, Fumaria officinalis L. Introduced from Europe and established locally from N. S. to Fla., Colo. and Tex.—Ft. Collins. 150 BRASSIACEAE. Family 59. BRASSIACEAE Lind. Mustarp Famity. I. Pods sessile or short-stipitate (in two species of Thelypodium) ; sepals erect or conivent in anthesis; anthers not twisted (except in Thelypodium). A. Pods compressed or flattened contrary to the narrow partition. Pods not didymous; plants not densely stellate, except in Smelowskya. Pods orbicular, oval or cuneate, strongly flattened; plant not stellate. Cells of the pod 1-seeded. Pods ovate-cordate, acute at the apex, neither winged nor retuse. 1. CARDARIA. Pods orbicular, elliptic or rarely ovate, retuse or notched at the apex, usually winged. z. LEPIDIUM. Cells of the pods 2-seeded. Pods more or less winged; cotyledons acumbent; hairs of the plant simple or none. 3. THLASPI. Pods cuneate, wingless; cotyledons incumbent; plants with branched hairs. 4. Bursa. Pods ovate or lanceolate, not strongly flattened; plant stellate. 5. SMELOWSKYA. Pods more or less didymous; plants stellate. Seeds solitary in each cell; pods strongly flattened. 6. DirHyreEa. Seeds several in each cell; pods more or less inflated. 7. Puysaria. B. Pods neither compressed nor flattened contrary to the partition. 1. Anthers not sagittate at the base. a. Pods terete or tetragonal. Pods short, scarcely more than twice as long as broad, or less. Cotyledons accumbent ; valves of the pods nerveless. Pubescence stellate; seeds flat. 8. LESQUERELLA. Pubescence not stellate ; seeds terete. to. RORIPA. Cotyledons incumbent or folded transversely ; valves of the pod 1-nerved ; pubescence not densely stellate. 9. CAMELINA. Pods long, several times as long as broad. Pods scarcely beaked, merely tipped by a short style or a sessile stigma. Pods terete or nearly so. Seeds in two rows in each cell of the pod. Valves of the pod nerveless; seeds globose or oblong, turgid; cotyledons accumbent. 10. Roripa. Valves of the pods 1-nerved; cotyledons at least partly in- cumbent. Seeds flattened; leaves entire or toothed 11. TurriTIs. Seeds turgid; leaves pinnatifid. 13. SOPHIA. Seeds in one row in each cell of the pod. Glabrous perennials with creeping rootstocks. 12. SCHOENOCRAMBE. More or less hairy annuals or perennials with tap-roots. Pubescence of simple hairs; leaves runcinate or entire. t2a. SISYMBRIUM. Pubescence of forked hairs; leaves pinnately dissected. * 13. SOPHIA. Pods 4-angled. Stem leaves clasping by a cordate base. 23. CoNnRINGIA, Stem leaves not clasping. Corolla white. 14. STENOPHRAGMA. Corolla yellow. Seeds plump; leaf-blades entire or toothed. 15. ErysIMUM. Seeds flat; leaf-blades pinnatifid. 16. BARBAREA. Pod with a long distinct beak. Beak flat and sword-like. 17. SINAPIS. Beak elongated, conic or 4-angled. 18. Brassica. b. Pod flattened parallel to the broad partition. BRASSIACEAE. 151 Pod orbicular; valves convex, with flattened margins; filaments dilated and toothed near the base. 19. ALLYSSUM. Pod oblong, ovate or linear, rarely nearly orbicular; valves flat, or if convex not with flattened margins; filaments unappendaged. Valves nerveless. Valves not elastically dehiscent ; seeds in two rows; pod usually short. 20. Drasa. Valves elastically dehiscent ; seeds in one row; pod long. 21. CARDAMINE. Valves nerved and reticulate, not elastically dehiscent. Pod short, from orbicular to linear-oblong. 20. DRaBA. Pods elongated-linear. Cotyledons accumbent. Cotyledons incumbent. 2. Anthers sagittate at the base. Calyx campanulate, open; petals ample. Pod flat. 24. STREPTANTHUS. Pod terete or tetragonal. 26. THELYPODIUM. Calyx urn-shaped, closed; blades of the petals narrow, undulate-crisp. 25. EUKLISIA. II. Pod terete long-stipitate; sepals spreading in anthesis; anthers curved and spirally twisted. 27. STANLEYA. 22. ARABIS. 23. CONRINGIA. 1. CARDARIA Desv. 1. Cardaria Draba (L.) Desv. (Lepidium Draba L.) Introduced from Europe; in waste places from Wyo. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.— Palisades; Grand Junction; near Boulder. 2. LEPIDIUM L. PEppeEr-crass. Style evident, at least equalling the wing-margins of the fruit. None of the leaves pinnatifid. Blades of the basal leaves truncate and 3-toothed at the apex. 1. L. spatulatum. Blades of the basal leaves acute, serrate or crenate. 2. L. crenatum. Basal leaves at least pinnatifid. Segments of the basal leaves short obovate or broadly oblanceolate in outline. 3. L. montanum. Segments of the basal leaves elongated, linear, oblong or lanceolate. Only the lowest leaves pinnatifid; pod broadly oval; style scarcely ionger than the width of the wing-margin. 4. L. alyssoides. Lower stem-leaves also pinnatifid ; pod narrower, acutish at both ends; style about twice as long as the wing-margin. Plant low, 3 dm. high or less; leaves or their lobes narrowly linear. 5. L. Jonesii. Plant tall, 4-8 dm. high; upper leaves broadly linear or oblong. * 6. L. Eastwoodiae. Style obsolete, at least much shorter than the wing-margin of the fruit, or stigma subsessile. Petals conspicuous, at least equalling the sepals, spatulate or obovate. Blades of the petals broadly obovate, much ‘exceeding ‘the sepals; style short. 7. L. idahoense. Blades of the petals spatulate; style none. Cotyledons accumbent; petals broadly spatulate. Cotyledons incumbent; petals narrowly spatulate. Stem glabrous or nearly so; petals well exceeding the sepal. 9. L. medium. Stem glandular puberulent ; petals about equalling the sepal. 10. L. ramosum. 8. L. virginicum. 152 BRASSIACEAE. Petals none or minute, scarcely more than half as long as the sepals, linear or linear-spatulate. Plant branched at the base; petals often present. Axillary racemes very short and dense, usually shorter than the leaves; petals more than half as long as the sepals. . 11. L. ramosissimum, Axillary racemes at last elongated; petals very minute or none. 12. L. divergens. Plant simple below, branched above; petals none; racemes elongated. 13. L. densiflorum., 1. Lepidium spathulatum (Robinson) Vasey. (L. scopulorum spathulatum Robinson) In the mountains of Colo.—Between Meeker and Craig; head- waters of Bear Creek. 2. Lepidium crenatum (Greene) Rydb. (Thelypodium crenatum Greene) In river valleys of Colo. and Utah.—Paonia; Mancos. 3. Lepidium montanum Nutt. In mountain valleys and on plains from Wyo. to Wash., Colo. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.—Pitkin ; Lake City. 4. Lepidium alyssoides. A. Gray. In river valleys from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft.—Grand Junction; Conejos River, north of Antonito; Alamosa. 5. Lepidium Jonesii Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Palisades; Grand Junction; Spring Cafion; Montrose. 6. Lepidium Eastwoodiae Wooton. In river valleys of Colo. and N. M— Alt. 5000-9000 ft.—Glenwood Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pueblo Co. 7. Lepidium idahoense Heller. In sandy river valley in Ida. and Colo.— Alt. up to 7000 ft.——South of Horsetooth Mountain; Spring Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 8. Lepidium virginicum L. In waste places from Que. to Minn., Fla. and Tex.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Horsetooth Gulch; near Pagosa Peak. g. Lepidium medium Greene. In waste places and on sandy soil from Mo. to Tex. and Calif—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Grand Junction; gulch west of Pen- nock’s; Reno; Larimer Co.; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Lower Boulder Cafion. ro. Lepidium ramosum A. Nels. In arid soil from S. D. to Wyo., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.—Vicinity of Como; Wolcott, Eagle Co. 11. Lepidium ramosissimum A. Nels. In arid soil from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo—aAlt. 4000-9000 ft.—Pitkin; plains, Colorado Springs. 12. Lepidium divergens Osterh. In the mountains of Colo—Tennessee Pass. 13. Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (L. apetalum Aschers.; not Willd.; L. intermedium A. Gray) In waste places and sandy soil from Me. to Alb., DC. and Calif—aAlt. 4000-9000 ft—Quimby; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co.; plains, Larimer Co.; Arboles; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Dix. 3. THLASPI L. Penny-crass. Pod orbicular in outline, broadly wing-margined and deeply notched at the apex. . 1. T. arvense. Pods obovate or cuneate in outline, with narrow margins, truncate or slightly notched at the apex. BRASSIACEAE. 153 Pods emarginate; sinus narrow. Rootstock rather slender; stem 1-2 dm. high; petals spatulate, about 5 mm. long. 2. T. Nuttallii. Rootstock stout, densely caespitose ; stems less than 1 dm. high; petals broadly obovate, 6-7 mm. long. 3. T. coloradense. Pods truncate or nearly so at the apex; sinus broad and open. Stem 2-3 dm. high; stem-leaves ample, broader than the basal ones; sepals green. 4. T. glaucum. Stems 1 dm. high or less; stem-leaves reduced; sepals and often also petals purplish. 5. T. purpurascens. 1. Thlaspi arvense L. In waste places from Lab. to B. C., N. Y. and Colo. Introduced from Europe—AlIt. s5000-10,000 ft—Quimby; Silverton; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Pass Creek. 2. Thlaspi Nuttallii Rydb. (T. cochleariforme Nutt.; not DC.) Among rocks in the mountains from Mont. to Wash. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.— Dead Lake; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Bob Creek; banks of Michigan Creek, near Teller; North Park. ‘ 3. Thlaspi coloradense Rydb. In wet places, among rocks, on the peaks, in Colo.—Alt. 6000-14,400 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Gray’s Peak; along Beaver Creek; above timber line, west of Cameron Pass; Sierra Blanca; sum- mit of Pike’s Peak; Grand Mesa; west slope of Bald Mountain; Clear Creek; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Seven Lakes; Los Pinos; Tennessee Pass; Cheyenne Mountain; West Spanish Peak; South Cheyenne Cafion; Massif de VArapahoe; Spicer, Larimer Co. 4. Thlaspi glaucum A. Nels. In mountain valleys and cafions from Ida. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-13,000 ft—Spring Cafion; Red Mountain; Pike’s Peak Valley; Silver Plume; Gray’s Peak; Bob Creek; Cameron Pass; Pass Creek; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 5. Thlaspi purpurascens Rydb. Among rocks, on the peaks of Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000-14,300 ft.—Gray’s Peak; Cimarron; Spring Cafion; Horse- tooth Gulch; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Rist Cafion; Table Rock; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Dixon Cafion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Iron Mountain; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. BURSA Weber. SHEPHERD’s PuRsE. 1. Bursa Bursa-pastoris (L.) Britton. In waste places and fields from Lab. to Wash. and Calif.—AIt. 4000-9000 ft—Quimby; Table Rock; Ft. Collins; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Mancos. 5. SMELOWSKIA. Segments of basal leaves spatulate. a. S. americana. Segments of the basal leaves linear or linear-oblong. 2. S. lineariloba. 1. Smelowskia americana Rydb. (S. calycina B. & H.; not C. A. Mey.) On the higher mountain tops from Mont. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 10,000- 12,000 ft—Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Devil’s Causeway; moun- tain northwest of Como; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; Mt. Abram, Ouray. 2. Smelowskia lineariloba Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. 12,000- 14,000 ft—Douglass Mountain; Georgetown; Silver Plume; northwest of Como; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Bartlett, Robinson. 154 BRASSIACEAE. 6. DITHYREA Harv. 1. Dithyrea Wislizeni Engelm. In dry regions from Tex. and Colo. to Utah and Ariz.—Alt. 4500-6000 ft.—Valley of the San Juan (Brandegee). 7. PHYSARIA A. Gray. Dovusie BLAppER-Pop. Pods deeply cordate at the base; lower sinus almost as deep as the upper. 1. P. didymocarpa. Pods not cordate at the base or slightly so; lower sinus none or very shallow. Basal leaves or at least some of them more or less fiddle-shaped. Leaves of the decumbent flowering stems reduced; terminal lobe of the basal leaves rounded or reniform, very obtuse, entire. 2. P. vitulifera. Leaves of the ascending flowering stems ample; terminal lobe of the basal leaves rhombic or ovate, obtuse or acute, sinuate. 3. P. floribunda. Basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, acute, not fiddle-shaped, 2-4 cm. long. 4. P. acutifolia. 1. Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray. On dry hills from Sask. and Alb. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Bluffs north of La Porte; Ft. Collins; Ruxton; Durango; Mancos. z. Physaria vitulifera Rydb. In mountain valleys and cafions of Colo.— Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Palisades; Idaho Springs; Grand Junction; headwaters of Clear Creek; alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Bear Creek Cafion. 3. Physaria floribunda Rydb. In mountain valleys of Colo.—Alt. s5000- gooo ft.—Plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Wolcott; Veta Pass; Golden, Jefferson Co.; Cimarron; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Clear Creek Cafion; Hotchkiss; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Physaria acutifolia Rydb. On dry hills in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000- 10,500 ft—Grand Junction; Ruxton Ridge; North Cheyenne Cafion; Steam- boat Springs. 8 LESQUERELLA S. Wats. BLappER-Pop. Ovary and pod stellate-pubescent. Pods ovoid or ellipsoid. Pods distinctly compressed and acute at the apex. Pods 6-8 mm. long; plant usually over 1 dm. high. Basal leaf-blades broadly oval; septum elliptic in outline; style equalling the pod in length. 1. L. Shearis. Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate to obovate; septum ovate in outline; style much shorter than the pod. z. L. curvipes. Pods 3-5 mm. long; plant 1 dm. or less high. Leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate; plant pulvinate. 3. L. alpina. Leaves narrowly linear; plant multicipital with a subterranean woody caudex. 4. L. parvula. Pods not compressed above. Basal leaf-blades rounded or broadly spatulate. Stem-leaves small, generally less than 1 cm. long, linear-oblanceolate. 5. L. prostrata. Stem-leaves oblanceolate to obovate, 1-2 cm. long. 6. L. montana. Basal leaf-blades linear-oblanceolate. 7. L. arenosa. Pods globose. Stem very slender; stem-leaves oblanceolate, 1-3 cm. long. 7. L. arenosa. Stem stouter, strict; stem-leaves linear, 2-6 cm. long. 8. L. argentea. Ovary and pod glabrous, globose. BRASSIACEAE. 155 Basal leaf-blades oblanceolate. . Plant usually over 3 dm. high; flowers and fruit corymbose. 9. L. Engelmanni. Plant usually less than 3 dm. high; inflorescence at least in fruit elongated, racemose. to. L. stenophylia. Basal leaves broadly oval. 11. L. ovalifolia. a. Lesquerella Shearis Rydb. On plains and foot-hills of Colo—Alt. 5000- 8000 ft.—Boulder; Palmer Lake; Idaho Springs. z. Lesquerella curvipes A. Nels. On dry hills from Mont. to Colo—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.—Como. 3. Lesquerella alpina (Nutt.) S. Wats. (Vesicaria alpina Nutt.) Dry Hills from N. D. and Mont. to Colo.—Florence; North Park. 4. Lesquerella parvula Greene. On dry hills in Colo——Mt. Bross, Middle Park. 5. Lesquerella prostrata A. Nels. In dry places, in the mountains, from Ass. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Northern State line; mountain near Veta Pass; between La Veta and Gardner. 6. Lesquerella montana (A. Gray) S. Wats. (Vesicaria montana A. Gray) On hillsides and in the mountains from Wyo. to N. M.—AIt. 5000-11,000 ft. —Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Palmer Lake; Fossil Creek; Ft. Collins; Rist Cafion, Larimer Co.; Salida; Mancos; Trinidad; mesas near Colorado Springs; river bluffs north of La Veta; Los Pinos; plains near Denver; hills southeast of La Veta; Manitou; Veta Pass; South Park. 7. Lesquerella arenosa (Richardson) Rydb. On dry hills from Sask. to S. D. and Colo.—Dolores. 8. Lesquerella argentea (Pursh) MacM. (Vesicaria Ludoviciana DC.) On plains and dry hills from Minn. to N. D., Kans. and Colo.—Wray; north of Craig, Routt Co.; Clear Creek; 25 miles below Manitou. g. Lesquerella Engelmanni (A. Gray) S. Wats. On dry mesas from Kans. and Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—Pueblo. to. Lesquerella stenophylla (A. Gray) Rydb. (Vesicaria stenophylla A. Gray and V. Fendleri, in part.) On dry mesas from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Florence; Swallow’s, between Pueblo and Cafion City; mesas near Pueblo; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Pueblo. 11. Lesquerella ovalifolia Rydb. (L. ovata Greene.) On dry mesas and hillsides from Neb. to Colo. and Kans.—Alt. about 1500 m.—Mesas near Pueblo. to. RORIPA Scop. WaAtTER-CRESS. Aquatics, usually immersed and rooting, with pinnate leaves and white petals. 1. R. Nasturtium. Terrestrial or marsh plants with pinnatifid leaves and yellow petals (except in R. trachycarpa. Perennials with rootstocks; petals much exceeding the sepals. Pods pappillose. Leaves thin; petals white; fruit recurved. 2. R. trachycarpa. Leaves thick; petals yellow; fruit erect. 3. R. calycina. Pods not papillose. 4. R. sinuata. Annuals or biennials. Pods spherical to oblong-ellipsoid ; in the latter case shorter than the pedicels. Pedicels 4-10 mm. long; pods 3-5 mm. long (rarely 6-7 mm. in R. palustris), 1.5-2 mm. thick. 156 BRASSIACEAE Stem more or less hirsute. . 5. R. hispida. Stem glabrous. Stem tall, 3-8 dm. high; stigma prominent, 2-lobed. 6. R. palustris. Stem low, divaricately branched, 1-3 dm. high; stigma scarcely thicker than the style. 7. R. alpina. Pedicels 2-5 mm. long; pods globose. 8. R. sphaerocarpa. Pods oblong to linear-cylindric, equalling or longer than the short pedicels. Style about 1 mm. long. Leaves nearly all pinnatifid with obtuse divisions. 9. R. obtusa. Leaves mostly sinuate, or, if pinnatifid, with acute divisions. Pods short, ellipsoid, straight on straight pedicels. 8. R. sphaerocarpa. Pods elongated ovoid, curved on curved pedicels. 10. R. curvipes. Style minute, 5 mm. or less long. Low, slender, less than 2 dm. high; leaves not auricled at the base. 11. R. lyrata. Stouter, over 2 dm. high; petioles of the stem-leaves auricled at the base. 12. R. Underwoodii. 1. Roripa Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) In slow brooks and streams from N. S. to Wash., Va. and Calif.—Alt. 1200- 2800 m.—Along Poudre, Ft. Collins; Durango; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; about Ouray; swamp near Ft. Collins. 2. Roripa trachycarpa (A. Gray) Greene. (Nasturtium trachycarpum A. Gray) On river banks in Colo.—Alt. about 6000 ft.—Walsenburg; “ South- western Colorado.” 3. Roripa calycina (Engelm.) Rydb. (N. calycinum Engelm.) On sandy river bottoms from Mont. to Wash. and N. M.—AIlt. about 5000 ft—Ft. Collins. 4. Roripa sinuata (Nutt.) A. S. Hitche. (Nasturtium sinuatum Nutt.) On river banks and in wet ground from Minn. to Wash., Mo. and Ariz.— Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Ft. Collins; Horsetooth Gulch; Gunnison; New Wind- sor; mesas near Pueblo; Pike’s Peak; near Boulder. 5. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton. (N. hispidum Desv.) In swamps from N. B. to the Mackenzie and B. C., south to Fla. and N. M.—AlIt. 4000-9000 ft—Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre banks; Quimby; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Gunnison; Pass Creek. 6. Roripa palustris (L.) Bess. (N. palustre DC.) In swamps from Lab. to B. C., Ga, N. M. and Nev.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Trapper’s Lake; Du- rango; Twin Lakes. 7. Roripa alpina (S. Wats.) Rydb. (N. obtusum alpinum S. Wats.) In wet places in the mountains from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Utah— Ft. Collins; Poudre Cafion; Steamboat Springs; Fish Creek; Hotchkiss. 8. Roripa sphaerocarpa (A. Gray) Britton. (N. sphaerocarpum A. Gray; N. obtusum sphaerocarpum S. Wats.) In wet places from Ills. to Wyo., Calif. and Ariz—North Park, near Wyoming line; near Ironton, San Juan Co. g. Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton. On sandy beaches and river banks from Mich. to Wash., Tex. and Utah—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—New Windsor; Mt. Harvard; Massif de l’Arapahoe; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. to. Roripa curvipes Greene. In wet places in mountain valleys of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Squaw Hill, above Cimarron; Dale Creek, Larimer Co.; Gunnison. BRASSIACEAE. 157 11 Roripa lyrata (Nutt.) Greene. (N. lyratum Nutt.) In sandy wet soil from Mont. to Wash., Colo. and Calif—New Windsor. 12. Roripa Underwoodii Rydb. In wet places in the mountains of Colo.— Alt. about 11,000 ft—Red Mountain, south of Ouray. iz. TURRITIS L. 1. Turritis glabra L. (Arabis perfoliata Lam.) In waste places and on sandy soil from Que. and Alb. to Pa., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Middle Park; Mancos; near Pagosa Peak; Almelia; Hotchkiss; Platte Cafion; Steamboat Springs. 12, SCHOENOCRAMBE Greene. Leaves all linear, entire. Plant decumbent, slender; pods ascending, more or less arcuate; style about 1 mm, long. 1. S. decumbens. Plant erect, stouter; pods erect or nearly so, straight; style obsolete, 0.5 mm. or less long. z. S. linifolia. Some of the lower leaves pinnatifid. 3. S. pinnata. 1. Schoenocrambe decumbens Rydb. In dry places from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 7000 ft.—Gypsum. 2. Schoenocrambe linifolia (Nutt.) Greene. (Sisymbrium linifolium Nutt.) In dry places from Mont. to B. C., Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.— Cimarron; Arboles; Grand Junction. 3. Schoenocrambe pinnata Greene. On dry hills from Wyo. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. about 7000 ft.—Cimarron. 13. SISYMBRIUM L. Hepvce Musrarp. 1. Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. In waste places from Newf. to B. C., Fla. and Calif.; naturalized from Europe.—Platte near Denver (Eastwood). 14. SOPHIA Adans. Hers-sopHia, TANSEY-MUSTARD. Pedicels ascending or spreading. Pods linear, 1 mm. wide, somewhat curved; seeds in one row. Pods 8-15 mm. long; stem simple or with ascending branches. Pods divergent; segments of the uppermost leaves often entire. 1. S. leptophylla. Pods ascending; segments of the leaves all sharply cut-lobed. 2. S. incisa. Pods 5-8 mm. long; stem diffusely branched. 3. S. purpurascens. Pods more or less clavate, 5-12 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide; seeds usually in two more or less distinct rows. Pods 8-12 mm. long, mostly erect on spreading pedicels. Leaves and stem green, only sparingly stellate. Stem divaricately branched; branches making with the stem an angle of 45° or more; pedicels 8-10 mm. long, usually shorter than the pods. 4. S. ramosa. Stem simple or with erect or strongly ascending branches. Petals much exceeding the sepals ; terminal segments of the upper leaves usually elongated, linear, entire. 5. S. filipes. Petals not much exceeding the sepals; terminal segment of the upper leaves not elongated. 6. S. intermedia. Leaves and stem cinereous-stellate. 158 BRASSIACEAE. Petals longer than the sepals, about 2 mm. long; upper leaves mostly once pinnate, with elongated broad terminal segments. 7. S. andrenarum. Petals not longer than the sepals, about 1.5 mm. long; upper leaves usually more dissected ; terminal segment narrow, not elongated. 8. S. halictorum. Pods 5-8 mm. long. Pods acute above, acuminate below; style obsolete. 9. S. pinnata. Pods acuminate at both ends; style evident. to. S. procera. Pedicels erect. Pods over t mm. thick. Plant green and almost glabrous. 10. S. procera. Plant cinereous-pubescent. 11. S. brevipes. Pods about .75 mm. thick; plant glandular puberulent, especially the inflores- cence, or glabrous. 12. S. glandulifera. 1. Sophia leptophylla Rydb. In dry places from Wyo. and Ida. to Colo.— Alt. about 6500 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Bosworth’s ranch; Stove Prairie. 2. Sophia incisa (Engelm.) Greene. On hillsides from Wyo. to N. M.— Alt. 6000-9000 ft— Walcott; Chicken Creek; Idaho Springs; southeast of La Veta; Mancos; west of Steamboat Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; Cimarron; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. 3. Sophia purpurascens Rydb. On mountain sides in Colo—Alt. about 11,000 ft—Known only from the type locality: Red Mountain, south of Ouray. 4. Sophia ramosa Rydb. On mountain sides in Colo.—Alt. about 9000 ft.— Known only from Pitkin. 5. Sophia filipes (A. Gray) Heller. On hillsides from N. D. and Wash. to Colo.—Mancos. 6. Sophia intermedia Rydb. On hillsides and prairies and in sandy soil from Mich. and B. C. to Tenn. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Sangre de Cristo Creek; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Buena Vista; Parlin; Mancos; plains near Denver; southeast and north of La Veta. 7. Sophia andrenarum Cockerell. On hillsides and in sandy valleys from Mont. and Wash. to N. M.—AIlt. 4000-7000 ft.—Cafion City; Walsenburg; river bluffs north of La Veta; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Los Pinos; near Poudre River; Antonito. 8. Sophia halictorum Cockerell. In sandy valleys from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and N. M.—Alt. up to 6000 ft—Walsenburg. g. Sophia pinnata (Walt.) Howell. In sandy soil from Va. and Colo. to Fla. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Plains near Denver; mesas near Pueblo; Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre; Lamar; Gypsum; New Windsor, Weld Co. 1o. Sophia procera Greene. In sandy valleys from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 7500-9000 ft.—Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Tennessee Pass. 11. Sophia brevipes (Nutt.) Rydb. (Sisymbrium canescens brevipes Nutt.; S. incisum Hartwegianum S. Wats.; (?) S. Hartwegianum Fourn.) In sandy valleys, among bushes, from Mackenzie to Minn. and Utah—Man- cos; east side Poudre River, above Ft. Collins; Middle Park. 12. Sophia glandulifera Rydb. In sandy places from Wyo. to N. M— La Veta. BRASSIACEAE. 159 15. STENOPHRAGMA Celac. 1. Stenophragma virgata (Nutt.) Greene. (Sisymbrium virgatum Nutt.) In dry places in Wyo. and Colo.—Exact locality not given (Hall & Harbour) ; McCoy’s, Eagle Co. 16. ERYSIMUM L. Petals less than 1 cm. long. Petals 3-5 mm. long. 1. E. cheiranthotdes. Petals 8-10 mm. long. 2. BE. parviflorum. Petals over 1 cm. long. Petals light yellow. Plants biennial or short-lived perennials; not cespitose. Basal leaves, as well as the whole plant, grayish. Pods widely spreading, 5-8 cm. long, stout; stem-leaves usually sinuate- dentate. 3. E. asperum. Pods strongly ascending or almost erect, 8-12 cm. long. Claws of the petals one-half longer than the sepals; stem-leaves broadly oblanceolate, usually sinuate-dentate. 4. E. elatum. Claws of the petals scarcely exceeding the sepals; stem-leaves entire or nearly so. Stem-leaves linear or nearly so; pods usually twisted. 5. E. asperrimum. Stem-leaves oblanceolate; pods straight. 6. E. oblanceolatum. Basal leaves, at least, silvery white; stem leaves narrowly linear. Plants 2-3 dm. high; stem-leaves sinuate-dentate. 7. E. Bakeri. Plants 1-2 dm. high; stem-leaves entire. 8. E. argillosum. Plants low cespitose perennials. Leaves entire-margined or nearly so. 9. E. nivale. Leaves sinuate-dentate. 10. E. radicatum. Petals varying from orange to dark brown or purple. Plant simple, 3-5 dm. high; basal leaves 5-10 cm. long, oblanceolate. 11. E. Wheeleri. Plant cespitose, 1-2 dm. high; basal leaves 2-4 cm. long, spatulate. 12. BE. amoenum. x. Erysimum cheiranthoides L. In waste places, on river banks and among bushes, from Newf. and Alaska to Tenn. and Utah—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Middle Park; along the Poudre; Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; North Park; New Windsor, Weld Co. 2. Erysimum parviflorum Nutt. (4. inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM.) On hillsides from Minn. and Alb. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Dix Post Office; Mancos; Durango; Ruxton. 3. Erysimum asperym DC. Dry plains and hills, Sask. to Ark. and Colo. —Alt. 4000-9500 ft.—Butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 4. Erysimum elatum Nutt. On hills from N. D., Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 6000 ft—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Quimby; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Horsetooth Gulch; Pike’s Peak; Crystal Park; Camp Creek, Larimer Co. 5. Erysimum asperrimum (Greene) Rydb. (Cheiranthus asperrimus Greene) On hills from S. D. and Mont. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 5000- gooo ft.—Sangre de Cristo Creek; Minnehaha; near Pueblo; Manitou; Wil- liams’ Cafion, above Manitou; Spring Cafion; Table Rock; Trinidad; Dixon Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; Horsetooth Gulch; Rist Cafion. 160 BRASSIACEAE. 6. Erysimum oblanceolatum Rydb. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.— Alt. 5000-11,000 ft.—Golden; near La Plata Post Office; Hamor’s Lake, above Durango; Williams’ Cafion; near Pueblo; Georgetown; Stove Prairie Hill; Cameron Pass; Dixon Cafion; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Alpine Tunnel; Cimarron. 7. Erysimum Bakeri (Greene) Rydb. (Chieranthus aridus Greene; C. Bakeri Greene) On dry hills in Colo. and N. M.—Golden City. 8. Erysimum argillosum (Greene) Rydb. (C. argillosus Greene) On dry mesas and bluffs of Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Pueblo; plains near Denver; bluffs north of La Porte. g. Erysimum nivale (Greene) Rydb. (C. nivalis Greene) In the higher mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft—Mountains northeast of Boreas; mountains above Graymont; mountain northwest of Como; above Ouray; Carson; Argentine Pass; Mt. Hesperus, above timber line; Slide Rock Cafion; West La Plata Mountains. io. Erysimum radicum Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo.—Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Bottomless Pit. 11, Erysimum Wheeleri S. Wats. (E. asperum alpestre Cockerell) On dry hills and plains in the mountains from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. —Alt. 5000-12,000 ft——Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; East Indian Creek; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Veta Mountain; Ojo; west slope Bald Mountain; Slide Rock Cafion, West La Plata Mountains; foot-hills near Ft. Collins; mountains near Veta Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Howe’s Gulch; Montrose; Dillon Cafion; Chicago Lakes; near Boulder. 12. Erysimum amoenum (Greene) Rydb. (Cheiranthus nivalis amoenus Greene.) On the higher peaks of Colo.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—lLa Plata Mountains; Silverton; near Jronton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Abram; mountains near Ouray; Berthoud Pass. 17. BARBAREA L. WINTER-crESS, SCURVY-GRASS. Pods sharply 4-angled, stout-pediceled ; leaf-segments 4-8 pairs. 1. B. praecox. Pods obtusely 4-angled ; leaf-segments 1-4 pairs. z. B. americana. 1. Barbarea praecox (J. E. Smith) R. Br. In waste places from N. Y. to Wash., Fla. and Calif.; sparingly introduced from Europe—Hotchkiss. 2. Barbarea americana Rydb. (B. vulgaris gracilis S. Wats.; not DC.) In rich soil from Sask. and Mont. to Colo. and Nev.—Between Eldora and Baltimore. 18. SINAPIS L. Wuire Mustarp. I. Sinapis alba L. Introduced in grain fields and waste places from Me. to B. C. and Calif—Ft. Collins. 19. BRASSICA L. Witp Mustarp, TurNips, CABBAGE. Pedicels 1-2 cm. long; plant glabrous. a. B. juncea. Pedicels about 5 mm. long; plant sparingly hispid. z. B. arvensis. 1. Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. Sparingly introduced from Europe; in waste places from N. H. to Colo., Va. and N. M.—Alt. about 8000 ft— Hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray. BRASSIACEAE. 161 z. Brassica arvensis (L.) B. S. P. (B. Sinapistrum Boiss.) Introduced from Europe and sometimes a troublesome weed in grain fields from Newf. to Alb. and Colo.—Ft. Collins. zo. ALYSSUM L. 1. Alyssum alyssoides (L.) Gouan. (A. calycinum L.) In fields and waste places and on hillsides from N. H. and Iowa to N. J. and Colo.; intro- duced from Europe.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Boulder. 21. DRABA L. WHITLowW-cRASS. Winter annuals or No. 7 sometimes perennial; style obsolete. Pods hairy. Flowers white; leaves all crowded on the lower part of the stem; racemes short on long naked peduncles. Inflorescence even in fruit corymbiform; petals minute or none. 1. D. micrantha. Inflorescence in fruit elongated; petals conspicuous. 2. D. coloradensis. Flowers yellow or in age sometimes whitish ; stem more or less leafy throughout. Basal leaves obovate, ovate or oblong; stem-leaves ample; pedicels longer than the pods. 3. D. nemorosa. Basal leaves oblanceolate or oblong; stem-leaves smaller, oblong-lanceolate ; pedicels shorter than the pods. 4. D. montana. Pods glabrous. Stem more or less leafy. Basal leaves obovate; stem-leaves several, broad. 5. D. lutea. Basal leaves oblanceolate; stem-leaves very few and small. 6. D. nitida. Stem scapiform or with a single leaf; leaves in basal rosettes. Basal leaves oblanceolate or narrowly spatulate, hirsute. 7. D. crassifolia. Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, glabrous, except the very sparingly ciliate margins. 8. D. Parryi. Perennials ; style usually evident. Plant scapose or nearly so; leaves ciliate on the margins. Petals white. 9. D. fladnizensis. Petals yellow. D. steptocarpa Grayana. Stem leafy. Petals white ; leaves stellate; plant usually over + dm. high. 10. D. cana. Petals yellow. Plants glabrous, except the margins of the leaves, which are occasionally ciliate. ; Leaves linear or narrowly linear-oblanceolate, thin. Leaves much shorter than the flowering stems ; pods lance-linear. 11. D. chrysantha. Leaves almost equalling the flowering stems; pods ovate. 12. D. graminea. Leaves spatulate or broadly oblanceolate, thick. 13. D. crassa. Plants decidedly hairy, at least on the stem. Pubescence long-hirsute, with simple or slightly branched hairs. 14. D. streptocarpa. Pubescence dense, mostly of branched or stellate hairs. Styles 1.5-2 mm. long; pods glabrous or slightly puberulent. Pubescence rather sparse and minute; stem-leaves usually sharply toothed. ; 15. D. spectabilis. 11 162 BRASSIACEAE. Pubescence dense and grayish; stem-leaves entire-margined or mi- nutely denticulate. 16. D. Helleriana. Style 1 mm. long; pod decidedly pubescent. Stem erect or nearly so. Leaves thin; basal ones usually over 2 cm. long; cauline ovate to lanceolate. Petals 5 mm. or more long; stem-leaves often dentate. 17. D. luteola. Petals 3-4 mm. long; stem-leaves entire-margined. 18. D. aureformis. Leaves thick; basal ones 1-2 cm. long; cauline lanceolate or oblong. 19. D. aurea. Flowering stem decumbent; leaves finely stellate; pods twisted. 20. D. decumbens. 1. Draba micrantha Nutt. (D. caroliniana micrantha A. Gray) In arid soil from Ill. to Wash., Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4o00-Gooo ft—Mancos; Denver; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins. 2. Draba coloradensis Rydb. (D. cuneifolia Coult., in part; not Nutt.) On plains and hillsides of Colo.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Hills west of Soldier Cafion; Ft. Collins; Mancos; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; plains near Denver; near Boulder; New Windsor. 3. Draba nemorosa L. In dry places, often among grass, from Mich. to Mont., B. C., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Georgetown; mountain near Veta Pass; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Poudre River; west of Soldier Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; near Chambers’ Lake; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Middle Park; Georgetown. 4. Draba montana S. Wats. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. up to 2700 m. —Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray. 5. Draba lutea Gilib. (D. nemorosa leiocarpa, in part) On hillsides from Hudson Bay to Alaska, Mich., Colo. and Ore.—Idaho Springs; Georgetown; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 6. Draba nitida Greene. (D. stenoloba Wats. & Brew.; not Ledeb.) On hillsides from Wyo. to Ore., Colo. and southern Calif.—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft— Near Teller, North Park; Tennessee Pass; Cameron Pass; mountains east of Cameron Pass; Grayback mining camps; Flat Top Mountains; Marshall Pass; Sargent’s; South Park; near Chambers’ Lake. 7. Draba crassifolia Graham. On exposed mountain-tops from Greenl. to B. C., Colo. and Utah—Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft—Mountains northeast of Boreas; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; vicinity of Como; Leroux Creek, Delta Co.; Sierra Blanca; Massif de l’Arapahoe; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 8. Draba Parryi Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft—Foot of Gray’s Peak; Cameron Pass; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Red Mountain; Alpine Tunnel. g. Draba fladnizensis Wulf. In arctic regions and on alpine peaks, on wet rocks, from Lab. and B. C. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. about 13,000 ft.— Gray’s Peak trail; Gray’s Peak; West Spanish Peaks; Parlin. to. Draba cana Rydb. (D. incana confusa of Coult. Man.; not Poir.) In the mountains, among rocks, from Lab. and Yukon to Colo.—Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft—Massif de l’Arapahoe; northeast of Boreas; Red Mountain; Pike’s Peak. BRASSIACEAE. 163 11. Draba chrysantha S. Wats. On alpine peaks of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft.—Gray’s Peak. 12. Draba graminea Greene. On alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. about 12,500 ft.—Telluride; Carson. 13. Draba crassa Rydb. On alpine peaks of Wyo. and Colo—Alt. 8000- 12,500 ft—Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains. 14. Draba streptocarpa A. Gray. On alpine peaks and rocky places in the higher mountains of Colo—Alt. 6000-13,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; South Park; Gray’s Peak; West Indian Creek; West Spanish Peak; near Colorado Springs; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; moun- tains near Veta Pass; North Cheyenne Cafion; Robinson; northwest of Como; east of Cameron Pass; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Beaver Creek; . Chambers’ Lake; Crystal Park; Gentian Ridge; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Gray’s Peak; South Park; Empire; Eldora to Baltimore. Draba streptocarpa Grayana Rydb. Alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. 12,000- 13,000 {t-—Mountains northwest of Como; Gray’s Peak trail. 15. Draba spectabilis Greene. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. gooo-12,000 ft—Near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Cumberland Basin and Bob Creek, La Plata Mountains; Upper La Plata Cafion; Mt. Hesperus; moun- tains about Ouray; Red Mountain. 16. Draba Helleriana Greene. (D. oxyloba Greene.) In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.—AlIt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Sargent’s; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Grayback Mining Camps; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Ojo; Silverton. 17. Draba luteola Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft. —Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Idaho Springs; Upper Cafion of the La Plata; near Pagosa Peak; Eldora to Baltimore. 18. Draba aureiformis Rydb. (D. Bakeri Greene.) In the mountains of Colo. and the Black Hills of S. D.—Alt. 9000-11,000 ft—Near Graymont; headwaters of Pass Creek; Carson; Palsgrove Cafion. 1g. Draba aurea Wahl. Among rocks in the higher mountains and in sub- arctic regions from Greenl. to B. C. to Colo. and Ariz.; also in northern Europe.—Alt. 9000-13,000 ft Headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de l’Arapa- hoe; Battlement Crag, Pike’s Peak; Como; West Spanish Peak; near Iron- ton, San Juan Co.; between Bald Mountain and Seven Lakes; Dark Cafion; Cripple Creek road; vicinity of Como; Boreas; Silverton; Leroux Creek; Chambers’ Lake; Graymont; Alpine Tunnel; Grand Lake; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Mt. Baldy; Mt. Garfield; Middle Park; Eldora to Baltimore. 20. Draba decumbens Rydb. Alpine peaks of Colo—Alt. 12,000-13,000 ft. —Gray’s Peak. 22, CARDAMINE L. BirtTer-cress. Leaves all entire; blades more or less cordate, dentate. Plant glabrous or nearly so. 1. C. cordifolia, Plant, at least the stem, densely pilose; leaves also hairy. 2. C. infausta. Leaves, at least some of them, pinnate. Petals about 5 mm. long; leaflets 1-7; the terminal much larger, cordate, ovate or reniform, sinuately toothed. 3. C. vallicola. Petals 2-4 mm. long; leaflets 5-15, from linear to obovate. 164 BRASSIACEAE. Plant perfectly glabrous; beak of the pod less than 1 mm. long. 4. C. pennsylvanica. Plant more or less hairy, at least on the lower part of the stem or the base of the petioles ; beak of the pod over t mm. long. 5. C. acuminata, 1. Cardamine cordifolia A. Gray. In brooks and on shady banks from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft—Rico; Gore Pass; Graymont; Chambers’ Lake; Villa Grove; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Marshall Pass; cafions and adjoining meadows west of Ouray; Idaho Springs; Clear Creek; Ironton; Tennessee Pass; near Pagosa Peak; on Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Como; Silver Plume; Gray’s Peak; Ojo; Pass Creek; Caribou; Eldora to Baltimore; summit of North Park Range, . Larimer Co.; Spicer. 2. Cardamine infausta Greene. (C. cardiophylla Rydb.) In brooks in Colo.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—-Above Beaver Creek; Tennessee Pass. 3. Cardamine vallicola Greene. In shady wet woods and on river banks in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Bank of Poudre River, Ft. Collins; Columbine; Dale Creek. 4. Cardamine pennsylvanica Muhl. On shaded banks from Newf. to Wash., Fla., Kans. and Ore.—Walton Creek; North Park. 5. Cardamine acuminata: Nutt. On shaded banks from Mont. to Alaska, Colo. and Ore.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Ft. Collins. 23. ARABIS L. Rock-cress. Pods erect or nearly so. Leaves coarsely hirsute; the cauline ones cordate or auricled at the base. 1. A. ovata. Leaves not coarsely hirsute. Pubescence if any sparse and consisting of 2-forked hairs. Plant perfectly glabrous. 2. A. philonipha. Lower leaves more or less hairy. Lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate; cauline narrow and acuminate; pods about 1.5 mm. wide. 3. A. oxyphylla. Lower leaves spatulate; cauline not long-acuminate; pods about 2 mm. wide. 4. A. commixa. Pubescence of the lower leaves distinctly stellate. Stem over 3 dm. high; basal leaves 3-10 cm. long; petals purple. 5. A. oblanceolata. Stem usually less than 3 dm. high; basal leaves 1-2 cm. long; petals white or pinkish. 6. A. Crandalii. Pods spreading or reflexed. Leaves more or less stellate. Leaves finely stellate without coarser simple hairs. Stem 3-5 dm. high, branched; basal leaves oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, denticulate. 7. A, Selbyi. Stems 1-4 dm. high, simple; basal leaves 1-5 cm. long. Plant green, minutely stellate or sometimes glabrate; basal leaves usu- ally entire. 12. A. lignifera. Plant densely stellate; basal leaves dentate. Petals about 8 mm. long; sepals and upper leaves usually glabrous. 13. A. rhodantha. Petals about 6 mm. long; sepals stellate; leaves usually all stellate, 8. A. consanguinea. Leaves hispid on the margins as well as stellate. 9. A. Fendleri. Leaves not stellate, perfectly glabrous or with ciliate margins. BRASSIACEAE. 165 Plants not densely cespitose; stem-leaves lanceolate-sagittate; basal leaves oblanceolate or spatulate. 10. A. divaricarpa. Plants densely cespitose; stem-leaves oblong or lance-oblong, indistinctly auricled; basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate. 11. A. oxylobula. 1. Arabis ovata (Pursh) Poir. (A. hirsuta Hook., in part; not L.) In waste places and sandy or rocky soil from N. B. and Alb. to Ga. and Calif.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Boulder Cafion; Mancos; Ojo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Pagosa Springs; West Indian Creek; South Park; Chicken Creek, La Plata Mountains; North Cheyenne Cafion; Williams’ Cafion; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch south of Boulder; Spring Cafion; Moon’s ranch; Dixon Cafion; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Rustic; Cache la Poudre; South Park; Colorado Springs; Castle Cafion; Cimarron; Lake City; Eldora to Baltimore. 2. Arabis philonipha A. Nelson. On hillsides from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 9500 ft—Breckenridge; Villa Grove; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 3. Arabis oxyphylla Greene. On hillsides and in cafions from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—AlIt. 7ooo-11,500 ft—Cucharas River, below La Veta; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Hounold; Cripple Creek road; near Pagosa Peak; near Chambers’ Lake; Carson; Cerro Summit; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Dark Cafion; Alpine Tunnel; Empire; Camp Creek, and Beaver Creek, Larimer Co. 4. Arabis connexa Greene. In the mountains from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 9000-11,000 ft.—Lake City; near Pagosa Peak; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Arabis oblanceolata Rydb. On mountains in Colo.—Alt. about 10,000 ft.—Valley Spur. 6. Arabis Crandalii Robinson. (A. stenoloba Greene) In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft—Cimarron. 7. Arabis Selbyi Rydb. (A. recondita Greene, in part) On mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-9500 ft.—West of Ouray; Glenwood Springs (the last speci- men included by Dr. Greene in A. recondita Greene, but does not agree with the description). 8. Arabis consanguinea Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-9000 ft—Los Pinos; headwaters of Pass Creek; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron. g. Arabis Fendleri (S. Wats.) Greene. (A. Hoelboellit Fendleri S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.—AIt. 7000-10,000 ft.—Georgetown ; Como; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Wahatoya Cafion; river bluffs north of La Veta; hills southeast of La Veta; Mancos. xo. Arabis divaricarpa A. Nels. On dry hills from Ass. to Colo. and Utah. —Alt. 8000-9500 ft—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 11. Arabis oxylobula Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Leadville; Trap- per’s Lake; Glenwood Springs. 12, Arabis lignifera A. Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft——Columbine. 13. Arabis rhodantha Greene. In the mountains of Colo. and Utah—aAlt. up to 8000 ft—Mancos; Ojo. 166 BRASSIACEAE. 24. CONRINGIA Heist. 1, Conringia orientalis (L.) Dum. Introduced from Europe; from Me. and Alb. to Del. and Colo.—Minnehaha. 25. STREPTANTHUS Nutt. 1. Streptanthus wyomingensis A. Nels. On dry hills of Wyo. and Colo— Alt. about 7000 ft—Palisades, Mesa Co.; Cimarron; Glenwood Springs, Gar- field Co. 26. EUKLISIA (Nutt.) Rydb. Stem leaves oblong or ovate, with cordate base. Leaves thick; sepals with bristles near the apex. 1. E. crassifolia. Leaves thin; sepals without bristles. z. E. cordata. Stem leaves linear. 3. E. longirostris. 1, Euklisia crassifolia (Greene) Rydb. (Streptanthus crassifolius Greene) On dry hills from Colo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz—Alt. about 7000 ft— Grand Junction; Cimarron. z. Euklisia cordata (Nutt.) Rydb. (Streptanthus cordatus Nutt.) On dry hills from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah—McCoy’s, Eagle Co.; Mesa Verde. 3. Euklisia longirostris (S. Wats.) Rydb. (Arabis and Streptanthus longi- rostris S. Wats.) In valleys from Wyo. to Utah, N. M. and Ariz.—Palisades. 27. THELYPODIUM Endl. Plant glabrous or with simple hairs. Upper leaf-blades auricled at the base. Petals rose-color, purplish or white. Pods 7-10 cm. long. 1. T. elegans. Pods 3-5 cm. long. Stem-leaves lanceolate-sagittate ; petals rose or purplish. 2. T. paniculatum. Stem-leaves ovate-sagittate; petals white or straw color. 3. T. Bakeri. Petals bright yellow. 4. T. aureum, Upper leaf-blades attenuate at the base. Some of the leaves sinuately toothed or laciniate. Pedicels slender, 6-15 mm. long; upper leaves entire or slightly toothed; pods divergent. 5. T. Wrightii. Pedicels short and stout, 2-5 mm. long; most of the leaves laciniate; pods reflexed. 6. T. utahensis, Leaves all entire or the lower sometimes repand. Inflorescence dense; stigma truncate; lower leaf-blades obovate or oblanceolate. Inflorescence very short; stipes 1 mm. long; pod rather stout. 7. T. integrifolium. Inflorescence more elongated; stipes 2-3 mm. long; pod very slender. 8. T. gracilipes. Inflorescence very slender and lax; stigmas conical; leaves all linear. 9. T. linearifolium. Plant pubescent with branched hairs. io. T. micranthum. 1. Thelypodium elegans M. E. Jones. On adobe plains in Utah and Colo. —Southwestern Colorado. BRASSIACEAE. 167 2. Thelypodium paniculatum A. Nels. (T. sagittatum Endl.; T. torulosum Heller) On dry hills from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 7000-9500 ft.— On Grizzly Creek; Pearl North Park; Canadian River. 3. Thelypodium Bakeri Greene. On dry hills in Colo—AlIt. about 7000 ft. —Cimarron, 4. Thelypodium aureum Eastw. On dry hills in Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft.— Durango. 5. Thelypodium Wrightii A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz—Durango; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co. 6. Thelypodium utahense Rydb. In river valleys of Colo. and Utah— Minturn, Eagle Co. 7. Thelypodium integrifolium (Nutt.) Endl. (T. lilacinum Green.) On plains and in river-valleys from Mont. to Wash., Neb. and Calif—Alt. 4o00- 8000 ft.—Miller’s ranch; Ft. Collins; Poudre Cafion; Villa Grove; meadows, Lake John, Middle Park; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Doyle’s; Hayden, Routt Co. 8. Thelypodium gracilipes (Robinson) Rydb. In valleys of Colo—Alkt. about 7ooo ft—Durango. g. Thelypodium linearifolium (A. Gray) S. Wats. In river valleys and on hillsides from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.— Sangre de Cristo Creek. 1o. Thelypodium micranthum S. Wats. Rocky hills from western Tex. and Colo, to Ariz. and Mex.—Alt. about 7000 ft—Manitou. 28. STANLEYA Nutt. Blades of the petals linear-oblong to elliptic; flowers bright yellow. Blades of the petals one-third to one-half as long as the claws. Pod decidedly tortuose. 1. S. bipinnata. Pod arcuate, not tortuose. z. S. glauca. Blades of the petals about as long as the claws. Leaf-blades broadly lanceolate, the lower with short, broad lobes; blades of the petals oblong ; pod ascending. 3. S. integrifolia. Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate, all often entire; blades of the petals broadly elliptic ; pod recurved. 4. S. arcuata. Blades of the petals rounded oval ; flowers ochroleucous. 5. S. albescens. 1. Stanleya bipinnata Greene. In dry places of Wyo. and Colo.—North Fork, Larimer Co. 2. Stanleya glauca Rydb. In dry soil from N. D. to Wyo., Colo. and Utah. —A\lt. 4000-8000 ft.—Entrance of Soldier Cafion to Sulphur Springs; north of Ft. Collins; Arkansas River; Cedar Hills; Ft. Collins; Florence; Dixon Cafion; Spring Cafion; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Mancos; McElmo Cafion; Garden of the Gods; Pueblo; Pike’s Peak. 3. Stanleya integrifolia James. (S. pinnatifida integrifolia Robinson) In dry soil from S. D. to Wyo., Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7o00 ft.—Hochkiss, Delta Co.; Cimarron. 4. Stanleya arcuata Rydb. In dry soil from Wyo. to Nev., Colo. and Calif. —Grand Junction. 5. Stanleya albescens Jones. On river banks in western Colo. and N. M. —Along Gunnison River, above Delta; Grand Junction. 168 CAPPARIDACEAE. Family 60. CAPPARIDACEAE Lindl. Caper Fami_y. Pods elongated ; receptacle with an appendage or gland. Appendage tubular ; petals cuneate-flabelliform, laciniate, very unequal. 1. CRISTATELLA. Appendage solid; petals entire, emarginate or 3-toothed, but not laciniate. Stamens 12-24; capsule sessile or short stipitate. 2. PoLANISIA. Stamens 6; capsule long-stipitate. 3. PERITOMA. Pods short, broader than long, more or less flattened contrary to the partition; receptacle without appendage. 4. CLEOMELLA. 1. CRISTATELLA Nutt. 1. Cristatella Jamesii T. & G. In sandy soil from Neb. and Colo. to Tex. —Sterling, Logan Co. 2. POLANISIA Raf. 1. Polanisia trachysperma T. & G. In sandy soil from Ass. to Tex. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Cafion City; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Ft. Collins; Salida; Howe’s Gulch; Mason’s river- front farm; Rocky Ford; Soldier Cafion; Poudre Cajion. 3. PERITOMA DC. Petals yellow. a. P. luteum. Petals purple, pink or white. Petals 8-12 mm. long, usually 3-toothed. Stamens exserted; petals usually rose color or purplish. 2. P. serrulatum. Stamens included ; petals white, 3. P. inornatum. Petals about 4 mm, long, entire. 4. P. Sonorae. 1. Peritoma luteum (Hook.) Greene. (Cleome lutea Nutt.) In sandy soil from Wyo. and Wash. to Colo., Ariz. and Ore.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Grand Junction; Cimarron and Squaw Hill; Gunnison Valley, above Delta. z. Peritoma serrulatum (Pursh) DC. (Cleome serrulata Pursh.) In val- leys, especially in light or sandy soil, from Sask. and Ida. to Mo. and Ariz. —Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Boulder; Colorado Springs; Gunnison; Sapinero; Du- rango; Manitou; along Uncompahgre River, near Ouray; Crow Creek; along Platte River, Denver; Ft. Collins; Poudre flats, north of Ft. Collins; Trini- dad; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Redstone; Pueblo; Dixon Cafion; Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre; Walsen- burg; Manitou. 3. Peritoma inornatum Greene. In dry soil in western Colo.—Grand Junction. . 4. Peritoma Sonorae (A. Gray) Rydb. (Cleome Sonorae A. Gray.) In saline soil from Colo. to N. M. and Sonora—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Saguache; San Luis; Alamosa. 4. CLEOMELLA DC. Capsule rhomboidal with more or less distinct conical or horn-like projections; stipe shorter than the pedicels; style obsolete ; seeds rugulose. 1. C. angustifolia. Capsule obscurely rhomboidal, merely gibbous on the back; stipe equalling the pedicels; style conspicuous; seeds smooth and shining. z. C. oocarpa. CAPPARIDACEAE. 169 a. Cleomella angustifolia Torr. In valley, especially in sandy or alkaline soil, from Neb. and Utah to Tex.—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Julesburg. z. Cleomella oocarpa A. Gray. In alkaline plains and desert regions from Colo. to Calif—Mesa Verde, about Rio Mancos (Brandegee). Order 27. ROSALES. Flowers regular or nearly so (actinomorphic). Endosperm present usually copious and fleshy; stipules mostly wanting. Herbs. Carpels as many as the sepals; succulent plants. Fam. 61. CRASSULACEAE. Carpels fewer than the sepals; plant scarcely succulent. Staminodia wanting; carpels 2 or rarely 3, distinct or only partly united. Fam, 62. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Staminodia present; carpels 3 or 4, wholly united into a 1-celled gynoecium. Fam. 63. PARNASSIACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite; fruit a leathery capsule, more or less adnate to the hypan- thium ; stipules wanting. Fam. 64. HypraNnGIACEAE. Leaves alternate. Fruit thin-walled follicles, free from the hypanthium; stipules present (Opulaster in) Fam. 66. RoSAcEAE. Fruit a berry ; hypanthium adnate to and prolonged beyond the ovary. Fam. 65. GROSSULARIACEAE. Endosperm wanting or scant; stipules mostly present. Carpels several or numerous, or, if solitary, becoming an achene. Carpels distinct, free from the hypanthium; fruit achenes, follicles or drupelets. Fam. 66. RoSACEAE. Carpels united, enclosed by and adnate to the hypanthium; fruit a pome. Fam. 67. MALAcrEag. Carpel solitary, not becoming an achene. Ovary 2-ovuled; fruit a drupe; leaves simple. Fam. 68. AMYGDALACEAE. Ovary severalovuled; fruit « legume; leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 69. MIMoSAcEAE. Flowers irregular (mostly zygomorphic). Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud; corolla not papilionaceous. Fam. 70. CASSIACEAE. Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in bud; corolla papilionaceous. Fam. 71. FABACEAE. Family 61. CRASSULACEAE DC. Orpine Famity. Stamens as many as the sepals; minute herbs. 1. TILLAEASTRUM. Stamens twice as many as the sepals; succulent herbs. Flowers axillary in dense congested racemes ; petals rose-colored. . 2. CLEMENTSIA, Flowers terminal, arranged in one-sided raceme-like branches. Carpels erect; flowers polygamous or dioecious; petals in ours purplish. 3. RHODIOLA. Carpels spreading; flowers perfect; petals in ours yellow. 4. SEpUM. x. TILLAEASTRUM Britton. PicmMy-weEep. 1. Tillaeastrum aquaticum (L.) Britt. (Tillaea aquatica L.; T. augusti- folia Nutt.) On muddy shores from N. S. and Wash. to Md., La. and Lower Calif—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Twin Lakes. 170 CRASSULACEAE. 2. CLEMENTSIA Rose. Rep ORPINE. 1. Clementsia rhodantha (A. Gray) Rose. (Sedum rhodanthum A. Gray) In meadows and along streams from Mont. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft.—Gray’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Caribou; Pike’s Peak; Gore Pass; Cameron Pass; Pagosa Peak; Villa Grove; Dark Cafion; Mar- shall Pass; near Georgetown; Twin Lakes; Chambers’ Lake; Berthoud Pass. 3. RHODIOLA L. Rose-root, RosE-wort. Flowers dioecious; carpels 3-5 mm. long, abruptly contracted into a short di- vergent or reflexed beak. 1. R. integrifolia. Flowers polygamous; carpels 6-8 mm. long, gradually tapering into a long ascending beak. z. R. polygama. 1. Rhodiola integrifolia Raf. (Sedum rhodiola Coult., in part; not DC.; Sedum frigidum Rydb.) On high alpine peaks from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and Calif—Alt. g000-14,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Mount Garfield; Gray- back mining camps; West Spanish Peak. z. Rhodiola polygama (Rydb.) Britt. & Rose. (Sedum polygamum Rydb.) On alpine peaks of Colo. and N. M.—AIt. 9g000-13,000 ft—Engineer Moun- tain; headwaters of Clear Creek; Carson; Basin Creek, La Plata Mountains; Mount Hesperus; near Ironton; Pike’s Peak; Chambers’ Lake; Mt. Lincoln; West Spanish Peak; South Park; Leroux Park; Estes Park; Bethoud Pass. 4. SEDUM L. StTone-crop, ORPINE. 1. Sedum stenopetalum Pursh. On dry rocky or gravelly hills from Alb. and B. C. to 'N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-12,000 ft—Gray’s Peak; Pike’s Peak; Clear Creek Cafion; Colorado Springs; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Larimer Co.; Hamor’s Lake; Bald Mountain; Mt. Garfield; Grayback mining camp; Silver Plume; Morrison; Telluride; Minnehaha; Cimarron; Denver; West Spanish Peak; Ft. Collins; Ironton; Green Moun- tain Falls; Howe’s Gulch; mountains southeast of Cameron Pass; forks of Poudre and Big South; gulch west of Pennock’s; Horsetooth Gulch; near Narrows; Dixon Cafion; Table Rock; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. Family 62. SAXIFRAGACEAE Dumort. SaxirracE FamILy. Placentae parietal, sometimes nearly basal. ‘ Flowers solitary and axillary to leaf-like bracts, or 2—-@ in small corymbs, each subtended by a leaf-like bract. 1. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. Flowers in more or less elongated racemes or panicles. Flower-stalk axial from a slender bulbiferous rootstock; gynoecium 3-car- pellary. 2, LITHOPHRAGMA. Flower stalks a lateral shoot from a stout scaly rootstock; gynoecium 2-car- pellary. Inflorescence racemose. Petals pinnately cleft or pinnatifid. 3. PrcTIANTIA. Petals entire, toothed or 3-cleft above. 4. OZOMELIS. Inflorescence paniculate; petals broadened upward. 5. HeucHeEra. Placentae axial. SAXIFRAGACEAE., 171 Hypanthium well developed and accrescent, at maturity longer than the sepals. Stamens 5; sepals imbricated; petals marcescent. 6. SULLIVANTIA, Stamens 10; petals not marcescent. Petals clawed; styles partially united; plants with thick rootstocks. 7. TELESONIX. Petals clawless; styles distinct; plants with slender rootstocks or with offsets. Plants without caudices, only producing annual flowering stems. 8. SAXIFRAGA. Plants with perennial, very leafy caudices, often with offsets; the flow- ering stems very different. 9. Muscarta. Hypanthium only slightly developed, unchanged at maturity, or if slightly accrescent flat and plants acaulescent. Plants acaulescent. Corolla essentially regular, the petals about equal in shape and length. to. MICRANTHES. Corolla irregular, 3 petals with blades of an ovate or lanceolate type and 2 narrower and longer. 11, SPATULARIA. Plants caulescent. 12. LEPTASEA. 1. CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. GoLpEN SAXIFRAGE. 1. Chrysosplenium tetrandrum Fries. In wet places from Greenl. and Alaska to Alb. and B. C.; also in Colo. and northern Europe.—Upper Platte (Hall & Harbour). z. LITHOPHRAGMA Nutt. Hypanthium campanulate, with a rounded base, adnate only to the base of the ovary. Stem-leaves rarely bulbiferous in the axils; stipules long and narrow; free por- tion triangular or lanceolate, not fimbriate. 1. L. australis. *Stem-leaves usually bulbiferous in the axils; stipules short and broad; free por- tion round and fimbriate. z. L. bulbifera. Hypanthium turbinate or obconic, adnate to the lower half of the ovary. 3. L. parviflora. x. Lithophragma australis Rydb. In sandy mountain valleys and hillsides from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 7000-9000 ft—Platte Cafion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron. 2. Lithophragma bulbifera Rydb. (Tellima tenella S. Wats.) On hillsides from the Black Hills of S. D., Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 11,000 ft.—Tennessee Pass. 3. Lithophragma parviflora (Hook.) Nutt. (Tellima parviflora Hook.) In rocky and gravelly places from Alb. to B. C., Colo. and Calif—Locality not given. e : 3. PECTIANTHIA Raf. Murre-wort. 1. Pectianthia pentandra (Hook) Rydb. (Mitella pentandra Hook.) In springy places in the woods and along streams, from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Beaver Creek; Marshall Pass; Red Mountain; Slide Rock Cafion; Empire; Estes Park; Berthoud Pass; Cam- eron Pass; Ruby; Damfino Creek; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Empire; Caribou; Golden. 172 SAXIFRAGACEAE. 4. OZOMELIS Raf. Murre-wort. Petals 3-fid to the middle; hypanthium with the sepals 3-5 mm. long. 1. O. stauropetala. Petals entire or 3-fid only at the apex; hypanthium with the sepals 1.5—3 mm. long. Hypanthium with the sepals 2-3 mm. long; leaf-blades indistinctly lobed and with shallow crenulations; petals often entire. 2. O. stenopetala. Hypanthium with the sepals 1.5-2 mm. long; leaf-blades distinctly lobed and deeply crenate; petals 3-cleft. 3. O. Parryi. 1. Ozomelis stauropetala (Piper) Rydb. (Mitella stauropetala Piper; M. trifida Coulter, in part.) In springy places in the woods from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. about 10,000 ft.—Mt. Hesperus. 2. Ozomelis stenopetala (Piper) Rydb. (WMitella stenopetala Piper) In springy places in Utah and Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Mt. Hesperus; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. Ozomelis Parryi (Piper) Rydb. (WMitella stenopetala Parryi Piper) Mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. about 9500 ft—Trapper’s Lake. 5. HEUCHERA L. ALumM-roor. Stamens equalling or exceeding the sepals. Panicle open, not spike-like ; plant tall; hypanthium very oblique. 1. H. hispida. Panicle contracted, dense, spike-like; plant low; hypanthium not very oblique. 2. H. bracteata. Stamens much shorter than the sepals. Hypanthium campanulate, yellowish or pinkish; sepals almost erect. 3. H. Hallii. Hypanthium saucer-shaped, greenish; sepals spreading. 4. H. parvifolia. 1. Heuchera hispida Pursh. In woods and on hillsides, Ont. to Ass., Va. and Colo.—Edgerton. 2. Heuchera bracteata (Torr.) Ser. On rocky ridges in Colo. and northern Wyo.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Rist Cafion; Grand Lake; Georgetown; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Gray’s Peak; North Cheyenne Cafion; Boulder Cafion; road between Denver and Idaho City; Horsetooth Mountain; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; between Denver and Idaho City; Golden; Empire. 3. Heuchera Hallii A. Gray. On rocky ridges in Colo.—Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. —Mt. Garfield; Cameron’s Cone; Pike’s Peak; Rock Mountain Pass; George- town; Ruxton; Pike’s Peak; Cheyenne Mountain; Bald Mountain; Grand Cafion of the Arkansas; Graymont. 4. Heuchera parvifolia Nutt. On hills from Alb. and Ore. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 6000-13,000 ft—Mt. Abram, Ouray; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Cameron Pass; Howe’s Gulch; Minnehaha; Marshall Pass; Colorado Springs; Douglass Mountain, Georgetown; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimar- ron; Halfway House; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Grizzly Creek; near La Veta; Ojo; Cumberland Basin; Upper La Plata Cafion; North Cheyenne Cafion; near Pagosa Peak; Ironton; Wahatoya Cafion; Veta Pass; Mt. Princeton; West Spanish Peak; Ward, Boulder Co.; Red Mountain; Manitou; Lake City; Caribou; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; Estes Park; Empire; northeast of Boreas; Spring Cafion; Dixon Cafion; Horse- SAXIFRAGACEAE, 173 tooth Gulch; Mancos; Ute Pass; Golden; Sangre de Cristo; Hahn’s Peak; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. 6. SULLIVANTIA T. & G. 1. Sullivantia Hapemanii (Coult. & Fish.) Coulter. (Boykinia Purpusi Brandegee.) In rocky places from Wis. and Wyo. to Colo.—Black Cafion of the Gunnison. 7. TELESONIX Raf. 1. Telesonix Jamesii (Torr.) Raf. (Saxifraga Jamesii Torr.) On exposed mountain-tops in Colo.—Alt. 8000-13,000 ft.—Mt. Garfield; Pike’s Peak; Min- nehaha. 8. SAXIFRAGA L. Saxrrrace. Flowers normal, none of them represented by clusters of bulblets. 1. S. debilis. Flowers below the terminal one replaced by clusters of bulblets. Lobes of the stem-leaves linear to triangular lanceolate; petals cuneate. 2. S. cernua. Lobes of the stem-leaves broad and rounded, as broad as long or broader; petals fiddle-shaped. 3. S. simulata. 1. Saxifraga debilis Engelm. Among wet rocks, on alpine peaks, from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. go00-13,000 ft—Mt. Hesperus; Sierra Blanca; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Redcliffe, Eagle Co.; West Spanish Peak; Gray’s Peak; Cameron Pass; Bottomless Pit, near Pike’s Peak; Ruby; Massif de l’Arapahoe; mountains above Beaver Creek. 2. Saxifraga cernua L. Among wet rocks, on alpine peaks, from Greenl. and Alaska to Lab. and Colo; also in Europe.—Alt. about 13,000 ft—Mt. Abram, Ouray. %. Saxifraga simulata Small. Among rocks, on the higher peaks, in the Black Hills of S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—West Spanish Peak. 9. MUSCARIA Haw. Leaves of the caudex with entire or slightly 3-toothed blades. 1. M. adscendens. Leaves of the caudex with 3-cleft or prominently 3-lobed blades. 2. M. delicatula. 1. Muscaria adscendens (L.) Small. (Sarifraga adscendens L.) Among rocks, on alpine peaks, from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 10,000- 13,000 ft—Gray’s Peak; Deep Creek Lake; West Spanish Peak; Pike’s Peak. 2. Muscaria delicatula Small. On alpine peaks from Alb. to Colo. and Utah.—Gray’s Peak. to. MICRANTHES Haw. Filaments subulate or filiform-subulate, or rarely narrowly linear. Cymules wholly or mainly aggregated into a head, or one or two lower ones remote or peduncled; leaves petioled; blades rhombic ovate. 1. M. rhomboidea. Cymules in narrow pyramidal or corymb-like panicles ; leaves subsessile, oblan- ceolate-oblong. Panicle wide, peduncles of the lower cymules elongated. 2. M. arnoglossa. Panicle narrow; peduncles permanently very short. 3. M. brachypus. Filaments clavate or spatulate; petals spotted. 4. M. arguta. 174 SAXIFRAGACEAE. 1. Micranthes rhomboidea (Greene) Small. (Savrifraga rhomboidea Greene.) Among rocks in the mountains from Mont. and Ida. to Colo— Alt. 5000-12,000 ft—Gray’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Ironton; Grand Mesa; Marshall Pass; Seven Lakes; Black Rock Creek; Pike’s Peak; Ft. Collins; Georgetown; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Tennessee Pass; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; Iron Mountain; headwaters of Beaver Creek; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Massif de l’Arapahoe; near Pagosa Peak; Rist Cafion; mountains west of Cameron Pass; Soldier Cafion; Boreas; Beaver Creek; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 2. Micranthes arnoglossa (Greene) Small. (Saxifraga arnoglossa Greene.) On hills and mountains from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 9o00- 12,000 ft—Mountains of Delta Co.; Marshall Pass; Silver Plume. 3. Micranthes brachypus Small. In the mountains from Colo. to Nev.— Alt. 11,000-12,000 ft—Half-Moon Creek; Berthoud Pass. 4. Micranthes arguta (D. Don.) Small. (Sawrifraga arguta D. Don.; S. denudata Nutt.; S. punctata Hook., in part; not L.) In springy places and along streams from Mont. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Villa Grove; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Dark Cafion; Wyoming line in North Park; Georgetown; Middle Park; Grayback mining camps; near Pagosa Peak; Pike’s Peak; Rabbit- Ear Range; headwaters of Clear Creek; Silver Plume; Clear Lake; Berthoud Pass; Upper La Plata Cafion; Cameron Pass; Ruby; headwaters of Pass Creek; Massif de l’Arapahoe; Beaver Creek; Leroux Park, Graymont; Gore Pass; Anita Peak. 11. SPATULARIA Haw. 1. Spatularia Vreelandii Small. On the higher peaks of Mont. and Colo. —Mt. Evans. 12. LEPTASEA Haw. Leaf-blades not spine-tipped at the apex, more or less ciliate. Petals suborbicular or oval, 5.5-6.5 mm. long, abruptly narrowed into short claws. a. L. chrysantha. Petals elliptic to oblong, 9-13 mm. long, clawless. z. L, Hirculus. Leaf-blades spine-tipped at the apex. Petals white, usually spotted, oblong or oblong-lanceolate or elliptic; plant ces- pitose, not stoloniferous. 3. L. austromontana. Petals yellow, broadly obovate; plant with flagelliform stolons. 4. L. flagellaris. 1. Leptasea chrysantha (A. Gray) Small. (Saxifraga chrysantha A. Gray) On alpine peaks, among rocks, of Colo—Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft—Pike’s Peak; Mt. Bartlett; Central City; Gray’s Peak; mountains of Estes Park; Massif de l’Arapahoe; Berthoud Pass. z. Leptasea Hirculus (L.) Small. (Savrifraga Hirculus L.) On the higher mountains, in wet places, from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo. and B. C.; also in Europe and Asia—Alt. go00-11,000 ft—Beaver Park; Twin Lakes; Caribou. SAXIFRAGACEAE. 175 3. Leptasea austromontana (Wieg.) Small. (Saxifraga bronchiales Torr.; not L.; S. austromontana Wieg.) On rocks and stony hills from Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Wash.—Alt. 6000-13,000 ft—Red Mountain; Ouray; Minnehaha; Mt. Garfield; Halfway House, Pike’s Peak; Central City; West Spanish Peak; Little Veta Mountain; Black Cafion; Upper La Plata Cafion; Como; Silver Plume; near Colorado Springs; Pagosa Peak; El Paso Co.; Georgetown; near Denver; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; Caribou; South Boulder Peak; Massif de Arapahoe; Palmer Lake; headwaters of Clear Creek; Lake City; near Empire; west of Cameron Pass; Graymont; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; Estes Park; Cameron Pass; mountains above Ouray; Buffalo Pass; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Devil’s Causeway; Twin Lakes; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Anita Peak. 4. Leptasea flagellaris (Willd.) Small. (Savrifraga flagellaris Willd.) On alpine peaks, among rocks, from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo. and Ariz.— Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft—Red Mountain; summit of Pike’s Peak; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Mt. Harvard; Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; Gray’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek; Massif de l’Arapahoe. Famity 63. PARNASSIACEAE Dumort. Grass-or-PaRNassus FaMILy. i. PARNASSIA L. Grass or Parnassus. Petals fimbriate on the sides ; basal leaf-blades reniform. Petals obovate, 5-nerved ; staminodial scales with 5-9 lobes; sepals elliptic. 1. P. fimbriata, Petals oblong, 3-nerved ; staminodial scales 3-5-lobed ; sepals narrowly lanceolate. 2. P. rivularis. Petals not fimbricate; basal leaf-blades tapering at the base. 3. P. parviflora. 1. Parnassia fimbriata Banks. On banks of streams and in springy places from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 9000-11,000 ft—-Twin Lakes; North Park; Ruby; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; Marshall Pass; Caribou. 2. Parnassia rivularis Osterhout. Along mountain brooks in Colo—North Park, near Wyoming line. 3. Parnassia parviflora DC. In wet places from Que. and Alaska to Colo. and Utah—Alt. 7ooo-8000 ft—North Park; Gypsum Creek; cafion, Eagle Co.; Pagosa Springs; Wahatoya Creek; Marshall Pass; Iola; Parlin; La Veta; Lake John, North Park; Buena Vista; Big Muddy, Gunnison Co. Family 64. HYDRANGEACEAE Dumort. Hyprancea FamI_y. Stamens 15 or more; ovary inferior. I. PHILADELPHUS. Stamens 8-10; ovary mostly superior. Hypanthium adnate to the base of the 1-celled ovary or incompletely 3-7-celled capsule; petals 5. 2. EpWINIA. Hypanthium adnate for half its length to the 4-celled ovary and capsule; petals 4. 3. FENDLERA. 176 PARNASSIACEAE. 1. PHILADELPHUS L. Syrinca, Mock OrRancEc. Hypanthium 4-5 mm. long; sepals acuminate; leaves much paler beneath; styles united. 1. P. microphyllus. Hypanthium about 2 mm. long or in fruit 3-4 mm. long; sepals acute. Styles wholly or nearly wholly united; stigmas usually oblong. 2. P. occidentalis. Styles with the upper half distinct; stigmas decidedly clavate. 3. P. minutus. 1. Philadelphus microphyllus A. Gray. Mountains of N. M. and Colo.— Brantly Cafion; Cafion City (Brandegee), “ Colorado.” 2. Philadelphus occidentalis A. Nels. Mountains from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Cafion City; Glenwood Springs (A. Nelson). 3. Philadelphus minutus Rydb. Cafions of Colo.—Alt. 7000 ft.—Black Cafion of the Gunnison. 2. EDWINIA Heller. 1, Edwinia americana (T. & G.) Heller. (Jamesia americana T. & G.) On cliffs, mountain sides and in cafions, from Wyo. and Utah to N. M— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Rist Cafion; Minnehaha; Pike’s Peak; Rock Mountain Pass; Ward; West Spanish Peak; Central City; Engelmann’s Cafion; North Cheyenne Cafion; Green Mountain Falls; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; George- town; Cafion City; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Mid- dle Park; Manitou; Graymont; Narrows, Moon’s ranch; Horsetooth Gulch; Soldier Cafion; Howé’s Gulch; Pennock’s mountain ranch; mountains be- tween Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore. 3. FENDLERA Engelm. & Gray. a. Fendlera rupicola Engelm. & Gray. On hills from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Durango; Mancos; Cerro Summit; Los Pinos; Hotchkiss, Delta Co.; Dolores. Family 65. GROSSULARIACEAE. GoosEBerry FamiLy. 1. RIBES L. GoosE-BErry, CURRANT. Leaves plicate in vernation. Stems usually with subaxillary spines. Racemes 1-4-flowered ; hypanthium campanulate to tubular. Calyx and tube of hypanthium externally glabrous or the former with a few scattered hairs. Peduncles and bracts more or less glandular or pubescent; leaves finely puberulent. a. R. Purpusi. Peduncles and bracts glabrous or the latter ciliate; leaf-blades cordate at the base, in age glabrose and shining. 2. R. vallicola. Calyx and hypanthium pubescent. 3. R. leptanthum. Racemes several-flowered; hypanthium saucer-shaped. Leaves densely pubescent ; fruit red. 4. R. lentum. Leaves glabrate; fruit black. 5. R. parvulum. Stem unarmed; raceme many-flowered. GROSSULARIACEAE. 177 Hypanthium campanulate. Berry glandular-bristly. Leaves glabrous; fruit spherical. Tube of the hypanthium saucer-shaped; bracts minute, lanceolate to linear ; fruit without a bloom. 6. R. coloradense. Tube of the hypanthium campanulate; fruit black with a bloom; bracts conspicuous oblong, spatulate or obovate. 7. R. Wolfit. Leaves pubescent and often very glandular; fruit ovoid; tube of hypan- thium deeply campanulate. 8. R. viscosissimum. Berry glabrous; tube of the hypanthium deeply campanulate; fruit black; bracts persistent. 9. R. floridum. Hypanthium tubular. Petioles and veins of the leaves with stalked glands. 10. R. pumilum. Petioles and veins with sessile glands or glandless. 11. R. inebrians. Leaves convolute in bud, stem unarmed; hypanthium tubular. 12. R. longifolium. 1. Ribes Purpusi Koehne. In the mountains from Wyo. to N. M.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ojo; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; Sierra Blanca; near Steamboat Springs; West Indian Creek; Villa Grove; Grand Lake; Dillon; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Rist Cafion; Dixon Cafion; Cheyenne Cafion. 2. Ribes valicola Greene. (R. saxosum Coville; not Hook; R. oxycan- thoides of Coulter’s Man.) In the mountains from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-go00 ft.—Upper Cafion of the West Mancos; Los Pinos; Cerro Summit; Steamboat Springs. 3. Ribes leptanthum A. Gray. In the mountains from Mont. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 6090-I0,000 ft—Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Ute Pass; foot-hills, Sierra Blanca; Buena Vista; North Cheyenne Cafion; Crystal Lake; Manitou; South Cheyenne Cafion; Cafion City; Poncha Pass; Garden of the Gods; Mancos. 4. Ribes lentum (Jones) Coville & Rose. (R. lacustre molle A. Gray.) In the mountains from Wyo. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Mount Ouray; Windy Point; Lake City; Veta; Georgetown; Cameron Pass; Cafion of the Cache la Poudre; near La Plata Post Office; Bob Creek; Pagosa Peak; West Indian Creek; Wahatoya Cafion; near Empire; Seven Lakes; four miles west of Cameron Pass; Telluride; Grand Mesa; Cotton- wood Lake; Jack Brook; mountains near Seven Lakes; Pike’s Peak; Hahn’s Peak; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Empire; near Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; Graymont. 5. Ribes parvulum (A. Gray) Rydb. (R. lacustre parvulum A. Gray.) In the mountains from Alb. and Yukon to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 7000-12,000 ft. —Black Cafion; Ouray; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Berthoud Pass; Silverton; Big Creek; Anita Peak; Pinkham Creek. 6. Ribes coloradense Coville. In the mountains from Colo. to N. M— Alt. gooo-11,000 ft.—Silverton; Marshall Pass; Slide Rock Cafion; near Pagosa Peak; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Silver Plume; Telluride; Twin Lakes; Berthoud Pass; Cameron Pass; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 12 178 GROSSULARIACEAE. 7. Ribes Wolfii Rothrock. (R. mogollonicum Greene) In woods from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 7500-12,000 ft.—Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Redcliffe, Eagle Co.; cafions near Ouray; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Box Cafion; Bear Creek Divide; Wahatoya Cafion; Hinsdale Co.; Buffalo Pass, Park Range; Leroux. 8. Ribes viscosissimum Pursh. On wooded hillsides from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Steamboat Springs, Routt Co. g. Ribes floridum L’Her. In wet woods from N. S. and Mont. to Va. and Colo.—Notch Mountain. 10. Ribes pumilum Nutt. (2. cereum Coulter, in part.) On dry hills from Mont. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-10,0000 ft——Foot-hills west of Ft. Col- lins; Larimer Co.; Ute Pass, Walsenburg; Colorado Springs; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; near Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch; La Porte; Rist Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; Soldier Cafion; Stove Prairie; Trinidad; Ute Pass; Beaver Creek. 11. Ribes inebrians Lindl. (R. cereum Coulter, in part.) On hills from Mont. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-11,000 ft—Ouray; Buena Vista; Cerro Summit; hills about Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; West Mancos Cafion; mesas near Colorado Springs; Minturn; Lake City; Pike’s Peak trail. 12, Ribes longifolium Nutt. (R. aureum T. & G., mainly; not Pursh.) On the plains and in the foot-hills from S. D. and Wyo. to Kans. and Ariz.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Ft. Collins;. near Denver; Steamboat Springs; West Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Manitou; Boulder; Villa Grove; Rocky Mountains. Family 66. ROSACEAE Juss. Rose Famiy. Hypanthium neither fleshy nor prickly nor strongly constricted at the throat, if at all inclosing the fruit merely loosely investing it. Carpels few, becoming 2—-4-seeded follicles, more or less united at the base and opening along both sutures; shrubs with palmately veined leaves. 1, OPULASTER. Carpels usually many, rarely few, becoming 1-seeded (rarely 2-seeded) achenes or drupelets. Carpels becoming more or less fleshy drupelets. Styles club-shaped; stigmas 2-lobed; receptacle flat; unarmed shrubs with shreddy bark and digitately veined, maple-like leaves. Drupelets capped by hard hairy cushions; style glabrous; erect shrubs. 2. RUBACER. Drupelets without cushions; styles hairy; prostrate or reclining shrubs. 3. OREOBATUS. Styles filiform, glabrous; stigmas capitate; receptacle hemispherical, conical or nipple-shaped; drupelets without cushions; leaves in our species pin- nate and stem prickly. 4. Rusvus. Carpels dry achenes. Style articulated to the ovary and deciduous. Style terminal or nearly so; ovules pendulous and anatropous. Stamens inserted very near the base of the receptacle on a more or less evident annular thickening. 5. PorEeNTILLA. Stamens separated from the receptacle by a wide open space; no indica- tion of an annular thickening. 6. HorxkeE.ta. Style lateral or basal; ovules not pendulous. ROSACEAE, 179 Style lateral ; ovules ascending and amphitropous. Achenes glabrous; herbs. Achenes numerous; stamens about 20. Receptacle neither enlarged in fruit nor becoming pulpy; leaves interruptedly pinnate; petals yellow. 7. ARGENTINA. Receptacle much enlarged in fruit and becoming red and pulpy; leaves trifoliate ; petals white or pinkish. 8. FRAGaARIA. Achenes 10-15; stamens 5; leaves trifoliate; petals yellowish. 9. SIBBALDIA. Achenes hairy; shrubs with pinnate leaves. to. DasiIpHora. Styles nearly basal; ovules ascending or erect, orthotropous. Stamens 5; pistils 5-10; bractlets wanting; leaves twice ternate. 11, CHAMAERHODOS. Stamens and pistils numerous; bractlets present; leaves pinnate. 12. DryMOCALLIs. Style not articulated to the ovary, persistent, at least the lower portion. Style geniculated above, the upper hairy portion deciduous; herbs. 13. GEUM. Style not geniculated above, wholly persistent. Petals normally 5 or none. Herbs with woody rootstocks and pinnate leaves; bractlets present; carpels numerous. 14. SIEVERSIA. Shrubs or trees. Bractlets present ; carpels numerous with plumose styles. * 15. FaLiuata. Bractlets wanting; carpels solitary or few. Hypanthium saucer-shaped or hemispherical; carpels 5; flowers panicled. 16. Hoxopiscus. Hypanthium funnel-form or tubular; carpels solitary; flowers solitary. Petals 5; style not elongated in fruit; calyx persistent; leaves 3-cleft. 17. KuNzIA. Petals wanting; style elongated and plumose in fruit; calyx deciduous from the hypanthium ; leaves toothed. 18, CERCOCARPUS. Petals 8-9 ; dwarf matted undershrubs with solitary flowers and simple, in ours crenate leaves. 19. Dryas. Hypanthium constricted at the throat, wholly enclosing the achenes. Hypanthium dry, turbinate; upper portions armed with hooked prickles; herbs; carpels few; flowers racemose. 20. AGRIMONIA. Hypanthium in fruit becoming fleshy; carpels numerous; shrubs with large flowers solitary or in small corymbs. 21. Rosa. 1. OPULASTER Medic. NINE-BaRK. Carpels 3-5, united only at the base. a. O. intermedius. Carpels 2, united at least half their length. Bracts obovate or spatulate, often foliaceous and more persistent. z. O. Ramaleyi. Bracts linear or linear-oblanceolate, membranous and caducous. Pedicels and hypanthium almost glabrous. 3. O. glabratus. Pedicels, hypanthium and sepals decidedly stellate. 4. O. monogynus. 1. Opulaster intermedius Rydb. (Physocarpus opulifolius Coulter, in part.) On river banks and hillsides from Ill. and S. D. to Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; North Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Lower Boulder Cafion. 2. Opulaster Ramaleyi Aven Nelson. (O. bracteatus Rydb.) In the foot- hills of Colo.—AlIt. 5000-6000 ft—New Windsor; Buckthorn Creek, Larimer Co.; Cheyenne Cafion; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins. 180 ROSACEAE. 3. Opulaster glabratus Rydb. Along streams in the mountains of Colo.— Alt. 5000-11,000 ft—West Spanish Peak; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Rist Cafion; North Poudre; Boulder. 3. Opulaster monogynus (Torr.) Kuntze. (Physocarpus Torreyi Max.) On the mountain tops from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Nev.—Alt. 6000- gooo ft.—Denver; Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Flouissant; Upper Bear Creek; Pike’s Peak; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Glen Eyrie; Livermore, Larimer Co.; Idaho Springs; Cascade Cafion; Engelmann Cafion; near Georgetown; Minnehaha; Black Cafion; headwaters of Pass Creek; Stove Prairie Hill; North Poudre; Table Rock; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Howe’s Gulch; Rist Cafion; Baxter’s ranch. 2. RUBACER Rydb. FLowertnc RASPBERRY, SALMON-BERRY. 1. Rubacer parviflorus (Nutt.) Rydb. (Rubus Nutkanus Mog.) On wooded hillsides from Ont. and Alaska to N. M. and Calif.; also in Mex.— Alt. 6000-9000 ft.—Four-Mile Hill; La Plata Cafion; Steamboat Springs; Redcliffe; Eagle Cliff; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Ouray; near Pagosa Peak; Fish Creek; Rico; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. 3. OREOBATUS Rydb. 1. Oreobatus deliciosus (James) Rydb. (Rubus deliciosus James) On the mountains of Colo— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Manitou; head- waters of Clear Creek; Apex; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Cafion; near Manitou; Cheyenne Mountain; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Georgetown; Bear Cafion; Ute Pass; Rist Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; Palmer Lake; Spring Cafion; Dixon Cafion; Stove Prairie Hill; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch south of Boulder; Engelmann Cafion. 4. RUBUS L. Raspperry, BLACKBERRY, BRAMBLE. Stems, pedicels and petioles glandular bristly, not prickly ; fruit red. 1. R. strigosus. Stems, pedicels and petioles more or less prickly, not bristly ; fruit black. z. R. occidentalis. 1. Rubus strigosus Michx. On hills and in rocky woods from Lab. and Mackenzie to N. J. and Neb.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft——Minnehaha; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Ouray; Manitou; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Cheyenne Cafion; Chambers’ Lake; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Upper West Mancos Cafion; Campton’s ranch; Cache la Poudre; Fish Creek Falls, Routt Co. z. Rubus occidentalis L. In open woods and among bushes from Que. and Minn. to Ga. and Colo.—Locality not given, perhaps doubtful. 5. POTENTILLA L. Five-FINGER, CINQUEFOIL. Flowers many in very leafy cymes; annuals or biennials or short-lived perennials ; style fusiform. I. SupINnAE. Flowers cymose, but cymes not very leafy, generally rather few-flowered; peren- nials with a strongly developed rootstock. ROSACEAE. 181 Leaves mainly digitate, rarely pinnate with approximate leaflets or with a pair of small leaflets on the petioles. Leaves or at least the basal ones 5-9-foliolate. Additional smaller leaflets on the petioles not present. Plants less than 2 dm. high. Leaves tomentose at least beneath. II. ConcInNnagE. Leaves not tomentose. III. Aureag. , Plants more than 2 dm. high. IV. GRACILES. Additional smaller leaflets on the petioles present. V. SUBJUGAE. Leaves 3-foliolate, tomentose beneath. VI. Niveag. Leaves manifestly pinnate. Style not longer than the mature achenes, thickened or glandular below; leaves more or less tomentose, but not necessarily white beneath. VII. Mutririparg. Style much longer than the mature achenes, filiform. Leaflets approximate, 3-7. : Leaves tomentose beneath. VIII. Rupricautes, Leaves not at all tomentose. Jil. Aureae. Leaflets rather distant 7-21. Leaves green on both sides and only slightly hairy. IX. MuttijuGae. Leaves grayish or whitish, silky or tomentose. X. LEUCOPHYLLAE. I. Supinag. Achenes with a corky gibbosity on the upper suture; leaves pinnate with 3-5 pairs of leaflets. 1. P. paradoxa. Achenes not gibbous. ; Leaves pinnate, with 2 approximate pairs of leaflets; the upper ternate. 2. P. rivalis. Leaves all ternate (or the lower rarely digitately 5-foliate). Petals shorter than the sepals; achenes whitish. Stem diffusely branched, spreading; leaflets cuneate; inflorescence cymose. 3. P. leucocarpa. Stem erect, strict; leaflets broadly obovate; inflorescerice falsely racemose. 4. P. lateriflora. Petals about equalling the sepals; stem stout, strict; achenes brownish. 5. P. monspeliensis. II. Concinnae. Middle leaflet sessile. Leaflets obovate or cuneate, deeply toothed or incised. 6. P. concinna. Leaflets oblong, with entire margins, only 3-toothed (rarely 5-toothed) at the very apex. 7. P. bicrenata. Middle leaflet petioled. 8. P. quinquefolia. III. Aurgar. Only one species. g. P. dissecta. IV. Gracies. Leaves green on both sides, not at all tomentose beneath. Leaflets cuneate at the base, usually toothed only above the middle; plants low, usually less than 3 dm. high. 9. P. dissecta. Leaflets oblanceolate, toothed to near the base; plants 3-6 dm. high. Stem glabrous or appressed-pubescent ; leaflets coarsely toothed or cleft half- way to the mid-rib or less. Slender ; leaves thin, not strongly ribbed; inflorescence open; bracts small. to. P. jucunda. Stout; leaves thick and strongly ribbed; inflorescence dense; bracts con- spicuous. ur. P. Nuttallii. 182 ROSACEAE. Stem with spreading hairs; leaflets cleft to near the mid-rib. 12. P. brunnescens. Leaves more or less tomentose beneath. Leaves sparingly tomentose and grayish beneath; leaflets dissected about three- fourths to the mid-rib. 13. P. Bakeri. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath ; leaflets merely crenate or toothed. Lower stem-leaves 5-foliolate; plant 3 dm. or more high. Hypanthium and calyx not tomentose, as well as the pedicels more or less viscid; pubescence of stem and petioles usually loose. : 14. P. filipes. Hypanthium and calyx more or less tomentose, not viscid; pubescence of the stem and petioles usually appressed. 15. P. pulcherrima. Stem-leaves all ternate; plant 1-2 (seldom 3) dm. high. P. quinquefolia. V. SuByuGaeE. One species. 16. P. subjuga. VI. NIveae. Stem 1-2 dm. high, more or less leafy, several-flowered. 17. P. nivea. Stem less than 1 dm. high, subscapose, usually 1-2 flowered. 18. P. uniflora. VII. MuttiFipae. Pubescence not silvery white. Plant dark green; branches of inflorescence rather long, erect. 1g. P. atrovirens. Plant usually yellowish green; branches of inflorescence short and ascending. 20. P. pennsylvanica. Pubescence silvery white, at least beneath. Leaves white-silky on both sides; lobes of the leaflets linear. 21. P. bipinnatifida. Leaves greenish above; lobes of the leaflets oblong or lanceolate. 22. P. platyloba. VIII. RusricauLes. Sepals lanceolate to linear, acuminate. Leaves densely silky or tomentose on both sides. 23. P. filicaulis. Leaves greenish above. Segments of the leaflets oblong to orbicular in outline. Stems decumbent or prostrate; segments of the leaves oblong. 24. P. rubripes. Stems ascending ; segments of the leaves orbicular or nearly so. 25. P. minutifolia. Segments of the leaflets linear; stems erect. 26. P. tenerrima. Sepals broadly ovate or ovate-triangular, obtusish or abruptly mucronate. Plant densely cespitose ; leaves silky and finely tomentose beneath. 27. P. saximontana. Plants with a few spreading branches; leaves floccose beneath. 6. P. concinna. IX. MutrijuGar. Leaflets dissected to near the mid-rib. Stem erect, with 1-3 small leaves. 28. P. pinnatisecta. Stem decumbent or ascending, leafy. 29. P. plattensis. Leaflets merely coarsely toothed; stem erect. 30. R. rupincola. X. Lrucopuy iar. Leaves white-tomentose, floccose or silky, at least beneath. Bractlets nearly equalling the acute sepals; leaves silky as well as tomentulose; hence shining. ROSACEAE. 183 Leaves nearly equally white on both sides; upper leaflets not decurrent. 31. P. Hippiana. Leaves greener above; upper 3 leaflets more or less decurrent on the rachis. 32. P. propinqua. Bractlets much shorter than the acuminate sepals; leaves merely floccose; hence dull. Leaves thick, densely floccose; pistils numerous. 33. P. effuse. Leaves thin; tomentum sparse and more or less deciduous; pistils few. 34. P. coloradensis. Leaves grayish silky. Stem stout, erect, 6~7 dm. high; leaflets obovate or oblong, coarsely serrate, the upper decurrent on the rachis. 35. P. ambigens. Stem 1-4 dm. high; leaflets cuneate, toothed at the apex only, conduplicate, none decurrent. 36. P. crinita. 1. Potentilla paradoxa Nutt. (P. supina Am. auth.; not L.) In wet places from Ont. and Wash. to N. M.; also Mex. and western Asia.—Steamboat Lake. 2. Potentilla rivalis Nutt. In wet places from Sask. and Ore. to Mex.— Alt. up to 8000 ft—Lee’s Lake; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Ft. Collins; Quimby; along the Platte River, Denver; Georgetown; New Windsor. 3. Potentilla leucocarpa Rydb. (P. milligrana Engelm.; not Dougl.) In wet meadows from Ill. and Wash. to N. M. and Calif—Poudre Cafion; Mid- dle Park; Steamboat Springs. 4. Potentilla lateriflora Rydb. (P. biennis Rydb., in part; not Greene) In loose soil from Ass. and B. C. to Colo. and Ariz—Alt. about 8000 ft.— Gunnison. 5. Potentilla monspeliensis L. (P. norvegica hirsuta T. & G.) In fields and waste places from Lab. and Alaska to D. C. and Mex.—Alt. up to 8000 ft—Along Conejos River, north of Antonito; Rist Cafion; Soldier Cafion; Gypsum; La Porte; Ft. Collins; Rocky Ford; near Boulder; Gunnison; Iron- ton Park; Ruxton Park; New Windsor; Pagosa Springs; Green Mountain Falls; Pike’s Peak; Placer Gulch; Beaver Creek. 6. Potentilla concinna Richardson. (P. humifusa Nutt.) Dry hills and mountains from Sask. and Alb. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.— Devil’s Causeway; North Park; Empire; Lake City; Georgetown; Cameron Pass; Mt. Abram; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains; Little Kate Mine; West Spanish Peak; Little Veta Mountain; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Spicer, Larimer Co. 7. Potentilla bicrenata Rydb. Dry mountains of N. M. and Colo.— “ Colorado.” 8. Potentilla quinquefolia Rydb. (P. nivea subquinata Lange; P. nivea pentaphylla Lehm.) On dry mountains from Greenl. and B. C. to Colo— Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft—Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountains; West Spanish Peak; Mt. Hesperus; Hahn’s Peak. g. Potentilla dissecta Pursh. (P diversifolia Lehm.) On hills and moun- tain sides from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 13,000 ft— Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Lake City; Caribou; Willis Gulch; Pagosa Springs; Carson; Alpine Tunnel; Buffalo Pass Park; Mt. Princeton; Little Kate Mine; Ouray; Estes Park; Spicer. 184 ROSACEAE. Potentilla dissecta glaucophylla (Lehm.) S. Wats. A taller and more glab- rous variety—Boreas; Beaver Creek Cafion; above Beaver Creek; Beaver Creek; camp on Little Beaver; Graymont; Cameron Pass; Lake City; Cari- bou; Red Mountain; Alpine Tunnel; Silver Plume; Camp Creek. 1o. Potentilla juncunda A, Nels. In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo— Alt. up to 10,000 ft.—Chambers’ Lake; Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Mine. a 11. Potentilla Nuttallii Lehm. (P. gracilis rigida S. Wats.) In mountain valleys from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Sheephorn Divide, Middle Park; Grizzly Creek; northwest of North Park. 12. Potentilla brunnescens Rydb. In dry mountain meadows from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft.—Columbine; Grizzly Creek; Steamboat Springs; Walden. 13. Potentilla Bakeri Rydb. In the mountains of Colo—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Grizzly Creek; southwest North Park; Doyle’s; Gunnison watershed. 14. Potentilla filipes Rydb. In the mountains of Colo—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Forks of Poudre and Big South; above Ouray; along Bear River; Como; Chambers’ Lake; Dolores. 15. Potentilla pulcherrima Lehm. In mountain meadows from Sask. and Alb. to N. M. and Nev.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Lake City; mountains above Denver; Larimer Co.; near Empire; Como; Silverton; Beaver Creek; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Rico; Stove Prairie Hill, Larimer Co.; Campton’s ranch; Dolores; headwaters of Clear Creek. 16. Potentilla subjuga Rydb. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.— Near Empire. 17. Potentilla nivea L. In alpine-arctic situations from Lab. and Alaska to Colo.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Devil’s Causeway; Empire; Ouray; West Spanish Peak; Cumberland Mine, La Plata Mountain; mountains of Estes Park. 18. Potentilla uniflora Ledeb. In alpine-arctic situations from Green]. and Alaska to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—High mountains about Em- pire; Hinsdale Co.; Cameron Pass; Estes Park; Boreas. 1g. Potentilla atrovirens Rydb. On plains and hills from Minn. and Wyo. to Colo.—Williams’ Cafion, Pike’s Peak. 20. Potentilla pennsylvanica strigosa Pursh. On plains from Hudson Bay and Alb. to Kans. and N. M. (the true P. Pensylvanica L. is not found in Colo.).—Alt. up to 8000 ft—Antonito; West Mancos Cafion; Central City; Empire. Potentilla pennsylvanica arachnoidea Lehm. On high plains from Mont. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Lake City; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Chicken Creek; Ouray; near Boulder; mountains of Estes Park. 21. Potentilla bipinnatifida Dougl. On plains from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft-—Larimer Co.; Como; Antonito; Higho; Ute Pass; Indian Creek Pass; Gunnison. 22. Potentilla platyloba Rydb. (P. bipinnatifida platyloba Rydb.) On plains from Hudson Bay and Alb. to Neb. and Colo—Mountain View; Gun- nison; Pitkin; Empire. ROSACEAE, 185 23. Potentilla filicaulis (Nutt.) Rydb. (P. effusa filicaulis Nutt.) In the mountains from Colo. to Ida—Beaver Creek. 24. Potentilla rubripes Rydb. (P. rubricaulis Rydb., mainly; not Lehm.) In the higher mountains from Alb. to Colo.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Estes Park; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Pike’s Peak; Little Kate Mine, La Plata Moun- tains; Cameron Pass; Berthoud Pass; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 25. Potentilla minutifolia Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo.—Alt. g000- 13,000 ft—Graymont; Georgetown; Saddle, Pike’s Peak; mountains of Estes Park; Cumberland Mine; Eldora to Baltimore. 26. Potentilla tenerrima Rydb. On the higher mountains of Colo.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak. 27. Potentilla saximontana Rydb. On the higher peaks of Colo—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak. 28. Potentilla pinnatisecta (S. Wats.) Rydb. In the mountains from. Alb. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Little Kate Mine, La Plata Moun- tains; mountains of Estes Park. 29. Potentilla plattensis Nutt. In mountain meadows from Sask. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Platte River, South Park; Tobe Miller’s ranch; Walden; Gunnison; Ojo; Placer Gulch; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Buena Vista. 30. Potentilla rupincola Osterh. Mountains in Colo.—Dale Creek, Larimer Co. 31. Potentilla Hippiana Lehm. On plains and in meadows from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Near Empire; Trap- per’s Lake; Estes Park; Willow Creek; Georgetown; Gunnison; Colorado Springs; South Park; Chambers’ Lake; Upper Laramie River; Forrester’s ranch, Larimer Co.; North Park; Indian Creek Pass. 32. Potentilla propinqua Rydb. (P. Hippiana diffusa Lehm.) In meadows from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Rico; Como; near Nar- rows; Durango; Chambers’ Lake; near Pagosa Peak; Mancos; Pagosa Springs; Ruxton Dell; Chicken Creek; Pitkin; Mt. Hesperus; North Park; Grizzly Creek, southwest of North Park. 33. Potentilla effusa Dougl. On plains and hills from Ass. and Mont. to N. M.—AlIlt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Crow Creek; near Empire; Bosworth’s ranch; Poudre flats, above Ft. Collins; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Table Rock; Moore’s ranch; Manitou; Cameron Pass; Cascade; Indian Creek Pass; Sangre de Cristo Creek; near Boulder. 34. Potentilla coloradensis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft.—Georgetown; South Park; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Empire; Chambers’ Lake; Minnehaha; Silver Plume; Como. 35. Potentilla ambigens Greene. In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.i— 36. Potentilla crinita A. Gray. On dry hills of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz.—Piedra. . 6. HORKELIA C. & S. 1. Horkelia Gordonii Hook. On dry mountains from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 11,000 ft—Buffalo Pass; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co.; Ethel Peak. 186 ROSACEAE, 7. ARGENTINA Lam. SILveR-LEAF, GOOSE-TANSY. Leaves green and glabrate above. 1. A. anserina. Leaves silvery-white on both sides. z. A. argentea, 1. Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. (Potentilla anserina L.) Wet soil from Greenl. and Alaska to N. J., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4o00-10,000 ft.—Bear River; Steamboat Springs; Ft. Collins; Como; Platte Cafion. 2. Argentina argentea Rydb. (A. anserima concolor Rydb.; not Potentilla anserina concolor Ser.) In wet mountain meadows from Ass. and Wash. to N. M. and Ariz.—Black’s Lake; Upper Sangre de Cristo Creek. 8. FRAGARIA L. STRAWBERRY. Pubescence of the scape and petioles spreading or reflexed; achenes superficial. Calyx in fruit spreading ; scape usually with a leafy bract. 1. F. bracteata. Calyx in fruit reflexed; scape generally without a leafy bract. 2. F. americana. Pubescence of the scape and petioles appressed or ascending; achenes set in pits. Plant not glaucous; scape densely strigose. Leaflets over 3 cm. long, very veiny beneath; runners numerous. 3. F. prolifica. Leaflets 1-3 cm. long, not very veiny; runners few. 4. F. pumila. Plant more or less glaucous. Leaves thin. Leaflets obovate; scape several-flowered. 5. £. glawen. Leaflets oblong-cuneate; scape 1-4-flowered. 6. F. pauciflora. Leaves rather thick, firm; leaflets oblong-cuneate. 7. F. ovalis. 1. Fragaria bracteata Heller. In meadows and open copses from Mont. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—Minnehaha; Little Veta Mountain; Pike’s Peak; Georgetown. 2. Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton. (F. vesca Pursh, in part; not L.) In meadows and woods and on hillsides from Newf. and Man. to Va. and N. M.—Dillon Cafion; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Rist Cafion; Boulder; Ute Pass. 3. Fragaria prolifica Baker & Rydb. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000- 10,000 ft—Cameron Pass; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Pike’s Peak; Seven Lakes; bank of Poudre; near Silverton; Como; Chambers’ Lake; Columbine; Red Mountain; Breckenridge; Wahatoya Cafion; Pike's Peak; Cheyenne Cafion. 4. Fragaria pumila Rydb. On hillsides from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo.— Pike’s Peak; Gunnison; Seven Lakes. _ 5. Fragaria glauca (S. Wats.) Rydb. In meadows and open woods from Mackenzie and Mont. to S. D., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Veta Mountain; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Pass Creek; East Indian Creek; Andrew’s ranch, Larimer Co.; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; bank of Poudre; Howe’s Gulch; Como. 6. Fragaria pauciflora Rydb. On hills from Hudson Bay and Alb. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 7000-9000 ft—North Boulder Peak; below Halfway House, Pike’s Peak; Andrew’s Shetland ranch; North Park, near Teller; Pennock’s mountain ranch; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Minnehaha. 7. Fragaria ovalis (Lehm.) Rydb. (Potentilla ovalis Lehm.; Fragaria firma Rydb.) On dry hills from Colo. and Utah to Cent. Mex.—Bear Creek Divide, La Plata Mountains. ROSACEAE. 187 9. SIBBALDIA L. 1. Sibbaldia procumbens L. On alpine peaks and in arctic regions from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo. and Calif.; also in Europe and Asia.— Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft—Massif de l’Arapahoe; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Silver Plume; Mt. Harvard; West Spanish Peak; Tennessee Pass, seven miles west of Leadville; near Pagosa Peak; Boreas; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Beaver Creek; Leroux Creek; Rabbit-Ear Range; Berthoud Pass. 10. DASIPHORA Raf. SHRUBBY CINQUEFOIL. 1. Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. (Potentilla fruticosa L.) In meadows and on rocks from Lab. and Alaska to N. J., N. M. and Calif—Alt. about 10,000 ft.—Vicinity of Como; North Park; Berthoud Pass. 11. CHAMAERHODOS Bunge. 1. Chamaerhodos erecta (L.) Bunge. On dry plains from Sask. and Alaska to Colo.—Alt. up to 9000 ft.—South Park, southeast of Jefferson. 1z, DRYMOCALLIS Tourr. Petals white ; leaves densely and coarsely hairy. 1. D. arguta. Petals yellow; leaves sparingly and finely pubescent. Corolla 15-20 mm, in diameter; petals much exceeding the sepals. 2. D. fissa. Corolla 10-15 mm. in diameter; petals slightly if at all exceeding the sepals. 3. D. glandulosa. 1. Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydb. On prairies, plains, meadows and hillsides from N. B. and Mackenzie to D. C. and Colo—Table Rock; Steam- boat Springs. 2. Drymocallis fissa (Nutt.) Rydb. (Potentilla fissa Nutt.) In the moun- tains from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 6000-12,000 ft—Near Narrows, Rist €afion; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Cafion; Beaver Creek; Table Rock; Empire; Bear Creek Cafion; Wyoming State line; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Beaver Creek; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 3. Drymocallis glandulosa (Nutt.) Rydb. (Potentilla glandulosa Nutt.) In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to S. D., N. M. and Calif—Leroux Creeks, Delta Co.; Rist Cafion. 13. GEUM L. AveEns. Petals yellow, clawless. Upper internode of the style long-hairy; lower not glandular; petals 5-7 mm. long. 1. G. strictum. Upper internode of the style sparingly short-hairy ; lower more or less glandular- puberulent ; petals 4-5 mm. long. 2. G. oregonense. Petals pink or purplish, more or less clawed. 3. G. rivale. 1. Geum strictum Ait. In low meadows and among bushes from Newf. and B. C. to Pa., Mo. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Mancos; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Moon’s ranch; Buena Vista; Victoria; Piedra; Gunnison; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Silver Plume; 188 ROSACEAE. Soldier Cafion; Graymont; Ft. Collins; Happy Hollow; Elk Cafion; Bos- worth’s ranch; Boulder. 2. Geum oregonense (Scheutz) Rydb. (G. urbanum oregonense Scheutz; G. macrophyllum Coulter, in part; not Willd.) In mountain meadows from Mackenzie and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—La Plata Cafion; Veta Pass; Marshall Pass; Cascade Cafion; Chicken Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Grizzly Creek; Chambers’ Lake; White River Plateau; Hounold; Yampa; Victoria; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Man- cos; Castle Cafion; Arapahoe Pass; Elk Cafion; Beaver Creek; Rico; foot- hills, Larimer Co.; Medicine Bow Mountains; Arapahoe Pass; Empire; Eldora to Baltimore; Steamboat Springs. 3. Geum rivale L. In swamps and wet meadows from Newf. and B. C. to N. J. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Estes Park; Twin Lakes; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Indian Creek Pass; Victoria; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Ironton Park, nine miles south of Ouray; Crystal Park; Empire; Walden. 14. SIEVERSIA R. Br. Mountain AVENS. Petals light purple; styles in fruit much elongated, plumose. 1. S. ciliata. Petals yellow; styles scarcely elongating in fruit, appressed hairy. 2. S. turbinata. 1. Sieversia ciliata (Pursh) Don. (Geum ciliatum Pursh; G. triflorum Pursh) On hills from Lab. and B. C. to N. Y. and Calif.; also in Mex.— Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.—Como, South Park; Mt. Harvard; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; North Park; Twin Lakes; Pike’s Peak; Pagosa; near Graymont; Marshall Pass; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; west of Ouray; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Dead Lake; Palsgrove Cafion; Arapahoe Pass; on the Michigan; Big South; near Silverton; Beaver Creek. z. Sieversia turbinata (Rydb.) Greene. (Geum turbinatum Rydb.; G. Rossii T. & G.; not Ser.) On the higher peaks from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 10,000-14,000 ft—Gray’s Peak; Uncompahgre Peak; Cameron Pass ; ®Pike’s Peak; West Spanish Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; Flat Top Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; Carson; Beaver Creek; Boreas; Devil’s Causeway; Graymont; Berthoud Pass; Ethel Peak. 15. FALLUGIA Endl. 1. Fallugia acuminata (Woot.) Rydb. (F. paradoxa Coult., in part; and v. acuminata Woot.) On dry hills from Colo. and Utah to Tex and Ariz.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cimarron. 16. HOLODISCUS Max. Leaf-blades broadly rounded ovate-spatulate, more or less double-toothed, with rounded teeth. 1. H. dumosus. Leaf-blades oval or obovate, with simple ovate teeth. Leaf-blades 1.5-4 cm. long; panicle open, with spreading or reflexed, long branches. 2. H. australis, Leaf-blades 1-1.5 cm. long; panicle contracted, with short few-flowered branches. 3. H. microphyllus. ROSACEAE. 189 1. Holodiscus dumosus (Nutt.) Heller. (Spiraea dumosa Nutt.) On hills and mountains from Wyo. and Utah to Colo. and Ariz—Alt. 5000-9000 ft.—- Cheyenne Mountain; near Georgetown; Grand Junction; Glenwood Springs; Idaho Springs; Black Cafion; southeast of Ouray; Ragged Mountain, Gun- nison Co.; Ute Pass; North Cheyenne Cafion; vicinity of Pine Grove; Empire. 2. Holodiscus australis Heller. On hills from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz. — Alt. 6000-9000 ft—Colorado Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cheyenne Cafion; Georgetown; Minnehaha. 3. Holodiscus microphyllus Rydb. On dry hills from Ida. and Ore. to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. about 9000 ft—Chicken Creek; Mt. Harvard. 17. KUNZIA Spreng. 1. Kunzia tridentata (Pursh) Spreng. (Purshia tridentata DC.) On dry hills from Mont. and Wash. to N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft.—Liver- more, Larimer Co.; Dolores; Walcott; divide road to Steamboat Springs; Pearl; between Pallas and Sydney; Rist Cafion; Stove Prairie Hill; Horse- tooth Gulch; north of Poudre; Pinkham Creek. 18 COLEOGYNE Torr. 1. Coleogyne ramosissima Torr. From southwestern Colo. and Nev. to Ariz. and Calif.—Alt. 5250 ft—Near Hovenweep Castle (Brandegee). 1g. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. Mountain Hotty. 1. Cercocarpus parvifolius Nutt. On hills from S. D. and Mont. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Golden; Colorado Springs; Boulder; Cerro Summit; Manitou; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Livermore, Larimer Co. ; Mancos; Trail Glen, Pike’s Peak; North Cheyenne Cafion; foot-hills® Lari- mer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Pennock’s; Rist Cafion; Pen- nock’s mountain ranch; Poudre Cafion; Trinidad; Ft. Collins; Eldora to Baltimore. 20. DRYAS L. 1. Dryas octopetala L. On alpine peaks and in arctic regions from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo. and Utah —Alt. 11,000-14,000 ft—Mt. Bartlett, Robinson; Bottomless Pit; Silver Plume; Mt. Harvard; mountains south of Ward; Front Range, Larimer Co.; above Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass. 21. AGRIMONIA L. Acrimony. 1. Agrimonia Brittoniana occidentalis Bickn. Among bushes from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz. The type-species extends east to Que. and W. Va.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Ft. Collins; North Cheyenne Cafion; Poudre flats; Table Rock; Redstone. 190 ROSACEAE, 22. ROSA L. Ross, Brier. Infrastipular spines not present. Stems bristly or prickly. Flowers corymbose at the end of the stems or of almost erect branches. Leaf-blades glabrous; stipules, leaf-stalks and sepals more or less glandular. a. R. arkansana. Leaf-blades densely pubescent, at least beneath. z. R. pratincola. Flowers solitary at the ends of spreading branches. Leaflets finely but distinctly pubescent beneath. Leaflets rather firm, coarsely serrate; fruit spherical or nearly so. 3. R. Say. Leaves thin, sharply serrate; fruit elongated-ellipsoid. 4. R. Engelmannii. Leaflets glabrous; fruit rounded-obovate or spherical. 5. R. melina. Stem unarmed. 11. R. Bakeri. Infrastipular spines present. Hypanthium and fruit bristly. 6. R. Underwoodii. Hypanthium and fruit glabrous. Leaflets glabrous or nearly so. Spines curved. Leaflets 1-2 cm. long; spines stout; fruit 1 cm. or less in diameter. 7. R. manca. Leaflets 2-3.5 cm. long; fruit 1-1.5 cm. in diameter. Spines slender ; leaves not bluish green, thin. 8. R. melina. Spines stout ; leaves bluish green, thick. 9. R. pandorana. Spines straight or nearly so. 10. R. Macounit. Leaflets decidedly pubescent beneath. Fruit over 1 cm. broad; leaflets large; flowers solitary ; spines stout. 11. R. Bakert. Fruit less than 1 cm. broad ; spines weak, slightly curved or straight ; flowers often corymbose. Petioles and stipules densely glandular. 12. R. Fendleri. Petioles not glandular; stipules merely glandular-toothed or entire. Spines very slender and straight. 13. R. aciculata. Spines stouter and somewhat curved. 14. R. Maximilliani. 1. Rosa arkansana Porter. In the Arkansas Cafion of Colo. 2. Rosa pratincola Greene. (R. Arkansana S. Wats.; also Coult. Man.; not Porter.) On prairies and plains from Minn. and Alb. to Kans. and Colo. —Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Veta Pass; Colorado Springs. 3. Rosa Sayi Schweinitz. On hills and mountains, in. open woods, from Que. and Alb. to Mich. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—North Cheyenne Cafion; Cottonwood Lake; Ruxton Park, Pike’s Peak; Front Range, Lari- mer Co.; Blue River, above Kremmling; Minnehaha; Hounold; Boulder; Columbine; Marshall Pass; falls of Poudre; west of Steamboat Springs; Campton’s ranch; Beaver Creek; Horsetooth Mountain; gulch west of Pen- nock’s; Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore. 4. Rosa Engelmannii S. Wats. In open woods from Upper Mich. and N. D. to Tex. and Colo.—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Manitou; headwaters of Pass Creek; Minnehaha Falls. 5. Rosa Underwoodii Rydb. In cafions of Colo—Alt. 8000-9000 ft—Box Cafion, west of Ouray; La Plata Cafion. 6. Rosa manca Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7500-9000 ft.— Mancos; southeast of Ouray. 7. Rosa melina Greene. In the mountains of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 6000- 10,000 ft—Chambers’ Lake; West Spanish Peak; southeast of Ouray; Cerro Summit; Black Cafion. ROSACEAE. 191 8. Rosa pandorana Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Pandora. g. Rosa Macounii Greene. In valleys and along streams from S. D. and Alb. to Kans. and Colo.—Colorado Springs; Pike’s Peak; Mancos; New Windsor; North Cheyenne Cafion; Horsetooth Mountain. 1o. Rosa Bakeri Rydb. In cafions and on hillsides from Mont. and Ida. to Colo.—Alt. 7500-9000 ft—Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Dix Post Office; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Parlin. 11, Rosa Fendleri Crepin. In valleys and along streams from S. D. and Mont. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Blue River, above Kremmling; Golden; Twin Lakes; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Boulder. 12. Rosa aciculata (Cockerell) Rydb. (R. blanda aciculata Cockerell) In rich valleys of Colo and N. M.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft-—Walsenburg; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward. 13. Rosa Maximiliani Nees. (? Rosa Woodsii Lindl.) In valleys and on foot-hills from Sask. and Wash. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 6000-9000 ft.— Gunnison; Blue River, above Kremmling; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Pagosa Springs; southeast of Ouray; New Windsor; Horse- tooth Mountain; Steamboat Springs. Family 67. MALACEAE Small. AppLe Famity. Cavities of the ovary becoming twice as many as the styles by a false, complete or incomplete partition; leaves simple, toothed. Styles 5; flowers racemose. 1. AMELANCHIER. Styles 2; flowers solitary or in sessile 2—-3-flowered corymbs. 2. PERAPHYLLUM. Cavities of the ovary as many as the styles; flowers in corymbiform, compound cymes. Leaves simple, but more or less lobed; ovules solitary in each carpel. 3. CRATAEGUS. Leaves pinnate; ovules 2 in each carpel. 4. SORBUS. 1. AMELANCHIER L. JuNE-BERRY. Leaf-blades obtuse to truncate at the apex. Leaf-blades orbicular or nearly so, truncate at the apex. Mature leaves glabrous or sparingly and loosely villous. Whole plant perfectly glabrous; bud-scales glabrous. 1. A. polycarpa. Inflorescence and lower surface of the leaves white-villous when young; bud-scales hairy. Petals 12-15 mm. long; mature leaves perfectly glabrous. Leaf-blades elliptic. z. A. elliptica. Leaf-blades suborbicular or broadly oval. 3. A. alnifolia. Petals about 8 mm. long; mature leaves often somewhat villous beneath. : 4. A. oreophila, Mature leaves finely pubescent on both sides, or rarely glabrate above. 5. A. Bakeri. Leaf-blades oval or obovate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, more or less glaucous beneath, entire or slightly toothed. 6. A. prunifolia. Leaves more or less ovate, acute. 7. A. rubescens. 1. Amelanchier polycarpa Greene. Hills of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 7o00- 11,000 ft—Piedra; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Hounold; Twin Lakes; Bob Creek, west of La Plata Mountains; Cerro Summit; Ojo. 192 : MALACEAE. 2. Amelanchier elliptica A. Nels. Hills from S. D. to Colo—Alt. 6000- 8000 ft—Cerro Summit; Crystal Creek; Beaver Creek. 3. Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt. Dry hills and rolling plains from N. D. and Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt 4000-8000 ft—Poverty Ridge, near Ci- marron; Cerro Summit; Hounold; Glenwood Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; Hounold; Central City; Four-Mile Hill; Parlin; Pallas; Pandora. 4. Amelanchier oreophila A. Nelson. Hills of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000- 8000 ft—Willow Creek; Camp Creek; Ojo; hills southeast of La Veta; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Cottonwood Lake; City Creek Cafion; Minturn. 5. Amelanchier Bakeri Greene. Dry hills of Colo.—Alt. 6000-8000 ft— Cedar Creek; Mancos; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Wolcott; Twin Lakes. 6. Amelanchier prunifolia Greene. Dry hills and mountains of Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Mancos; Cerro Summit. 7. Amelanchier rubescens Greene. Dry hills of Colo. and N. M.—Between Rifle and Meeker; Cedar Creek. z. PERAPHYLLUM Nutt. 1. Peraphyllum ramosissimum Nutt. Dry hills and mountains from Ore. to Colo. and Calif—AIt. 6500-8000 ft—Mancos; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Cerro Summit; Cimarron; Durango; Dolores. 3. CRATAEGUS L. Hawrnorn. Inflorescence pubescent ; leaves hairy beneath, at least on the veins. Leaf-blades orbicular or broadly obovate, abruptly contracted at the base, 5-7 cm. wide, less distinctly lobed, toothed to near the base. 1. C. coloradensis. Leaf-blades obovate or rhombic, with a cuneate base, 5-9 lobed, with triangular acute lobes, 3-5 cm. wide. 2. C. occidentalis. Inflorescence glabrous; leaves glabrous beneath. Leaf-blades serrate or incised; fruit 8-10 mm. broad. Leaf-blades rhombic, incisedly lobed with acute serrate lobes. 3. C. cerronis. Leaf-blades oblanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate, merely irregularly serrate. : 4. C. Wheeleri. Leaf-blades crenate; fruit 6-7 mm. long. 5. C. saligna. 1. Crataegus coloradensis Aven Nelson. Cafions of Colo.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft—Colorado Springs; Boulder. 2. Crataegus occidentalis Britton. River-banks from N. D. and Mont. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Golden; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Boulder; Lower Boulder Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch. 3. Crataegus cerronis A. Nels. Along streams in Colo—Alt. 5000-8000 ft. —Colorado Springs; Larin; Golden; Livermore; Boulder; Cerro Summit. 4. Crataegus Wheeleri A. Nels. Along streams from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. about 6000 ft——Wolcott; Steamboat Springs; between Pallas and Sydney; Steele Cafion; Villa Grove; Dix; between Meeker and Craig; be- tween Rifle and Meeker; Spring Creek, above Uncompahgre River. 5. Crataegus saligna Greene. Hillsides of Colo.—Alt. up to 7000 ft— Cimarron; Gypsum Creek Cafion; Meeker; Wolcott; Gunnison; Parlin. MALACEAE., 193 4. SORBUS L. Mountain Asu. 1. Sorbus scopulina Greene. (Pyrus sambucifolia T. & G.; not C. & S.) In moist ground and hillsides from Alb. and Wash. to Colo. and Utah— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Near Ouray; Upper La Plata Cafion; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Pagosa Peak; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Victoria; North Cheyenne Cafion; west of Palmer Lake; Buffalo Pass; Empire; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. Family 68. AMYGDALACEAE Reichenb. Pium Famity. 1. PRUNUS L. Pius, CHErrIEs. Flowers in lateral scaly umbels or corymbs, expanding with or before the leaves. Pits of the fruit flattened; leaves convolute in vernation. 1. P. americana. Pits globose, not flattened; leaves conduplicate in vernation. Low, decumbent shrubs; inflorescence strictly sessile and umbel-like. z. P. Besseyi. Erect shrubs or trees; inflorescence corymbiform, more or less peduncled. 3. P. pennsylvanica. Flowers in long racemes, ending leafy branches of the season. 4. P. melanocarpa. 1. Prunus americana Marsh. Along streams from N. Y. and Mont. to Fla. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Boulder; foot-hills of Larimer Co.; Wal- senburg; plains near Denver; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; vicinity of Horse- tooth; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Trinidad; Cache la Poudre; Manitou. 2. Prunus Besseyi Bailey. On sand-hills from N. D. to Kans. and Colo. —Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Ft. Collins; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; north of La Porte; Horsetooth Mountain; Black’s Lake. 3. Prunus pennsylvanica L. f. In rocky woods and on hillsides and along streams from Newf. and N. D. to Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9500 ft.—Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Ft. Collins; Minnehaha; gulch west of Pennock’s; Pike’s Peak; Rist Cafion; Stove Prairie Hill; Redstone; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore; Manitou. 4. Prunus melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Rydb. (P. demissa Torr., in part; not Walp.; Cerasus demissa melanocarpa A. Nels.) On hillsides from N. D., Alb. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Lake City; foot-hills, Lari- mer Co.; Estes Park; Mancos; Cheyenne Cafion; butte, five miles southwest of La Veta; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Dillon Cafion; Trinidad; Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre; Bosworth’s ranch; gulch west of Pennock’s; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Cafion;, Purgatory River, Trinidad; Pinkham Creek. Family 69. MIMOSACEAE Reichenb. Mimosa FamiLy. Valves of the pod not separating from the continuous margin, not prickly; stems erect, unarmed. 1. ACUAN. Valves of the pod separating from the continuous margin; pod 4-angled, prickly; stems prostrate, prickly. 2. Moroncia. 13 194 MIMOSACEAE. 1. ACUAN Medic. Prartrre Mimosa. 1. Acuan illinoensis (Michx.) Kuntze. (Desmanthus brachylobus Benth.) In rich bottom lands from Ind. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo.—Sterling. 2, MORONGIA Britton. SENSITIVE-BRIER. a. Morongia uncinata (Willd.) Britton. (Schrankia uncinata Willd.) On prairies from Ill. and S. D. to Fla. and Tex—Exact locality not given. FamiLy 7o. CASSIACEAE Link. Senna Famity. Leaves simply pinnate; corolla very irregular; one of the lateral petals (standard) and the lowest petal larger than the rest. 1. CHAMAECRISTA. Leaves twice pinnate; corolla regularly zygomorph, the upper petal only differing materially from the rest. 2. HoFFMANSEGGIA. 1. CHAMAECRISTA Moench. 1. Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene. (Cassia fasciculata Michx.; C. Chamaecrista Walt.; not L.) In prairies from Me. and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo.—Denver. 2. HOFFMANSEGGIA Cav. Leaves, flowers and pods with black glandular dots; pods short, 2-2.5 cm. long, straight on the back or nearly so. a. H. Jamesii. Dark glandular dots none; pods 3-4 cm. long, strongly arcuate. 2. H. drepanocarpa. 1. Hoffmanseggia Jamesii Torr. In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz. —AIt. 4000-7000 ft—Rocky Ford; Colorado City; Arkansas River; Wray. 2. Hoffmanseggia drepanocarpa A. Gray. In dry soil from Colo to Tex. and Ariz.—Cafion City. Family 71. FABACEAE Reichenb. Pra Famity. Filaments distinct. Leaves pinnate. Tribe I. SopHorEaeg. Leaves digitately 3-foliate. Tribe II. POopALyRIEAE. Filaments monadelphous or diadelphous. Rachis of the leaves not produced into a tendril or bristle-like appendage, repre- senting the terminal leaflet. Fruit 2-valved or indehiscent, not a loment. Foliage not glandular-dotted. Anthers of 2 kinds; filaments monadelphous; leaves digitate; calyx 2- lipped. Tribe III. Genisrear. Anthers all alike; filaments diadelphous; calyx 5-toothed. Leaflets toothed. Tribe IV. TRrIFOLIEAE. Leaflets not toothed. Leaves irregularly pinnate; leaflets even in number, 4 or 6; stip- ules gland-like; flowers umbellate. Tribe V. Lotear. Leaves odd-pinnate; stipules not gland-like; flowers racemose or capitate. Tribe VI. GaALeEGEAE. Foliage glandular-dotted. Pod prickly. Tribe VII. GtycyrRHIZEAE, Pod not prickly, indehiscent. Tribe VIII. Psoraeae. FABACEAE. 195 Pod a loment, i. e., bréaking up transversely into 1-seeded indehiscent reticulate internodes. Tribe IX. HEDYSAREAE. Rachis of the leaves produced into a tendril or bristle-like appendage. Tribe X. Trigg I. SOPHOREAE. One genus. 1 Trise II. PODALYRIEAE. One genus z Tripe II]. GENISTEAE. One genus 3 TrisE IV. TRIFOLIAE. Leaves digitate; in ours 3-foliolate. 4. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate. Pod curved or coiled. Pod straight. nu Trine V. LOTEAE. One genus. 7 Trise. VI. GALEGEAE. I. Leaves pinnate or unifoliolate. A. Blade of the standard as broad as long, spreading; trees. Leaflets with stipels; pod broad, margined on one edge. 8. Leaflets without stipels; pod narrow. 9. VICIEAE. . SOPHORA. . THERMOPSIS. . Lupinus. TRIFOLIUM. . Mepricaco. . MELILOTUS. . ANISOLOTUS. RosBinIa. PETERIA. B. Blade of the standard relatively narrow, mostly erect; herbs. 1. Keel (lower petals) not produced into a beak. u. Pods 2-celled, with a perfect partition. Pods fleshy, indehiscent or very tardily dehiscent. to. Pods membranous, leathery or woody, dehiscent. Pods not inflated. GEOPRUMNON. Pods ovoid or oblong, rarely almost didymous, terete or vertically flattened, leathery or woody. 11, ASTRAGALUS. Pods linear, somewhat laterally flattened, membranous. 12. Hamosa. Pods strongly inflated, papery. 13. CysTIUM. b. Pods 1-celled, the partition, if any, rudimentary. Lower suture strongly intruded, making the pod sagittate or obcordate in cross-section; pod membranous, rarely leathery. 14. TIuM. Puaca. Lower suture not intruded or merely slightly so; pods in the latter case woody. Pods strongly inflated, papery. 23. Pods not inflated, or slightly so, membranous to woody. Pods with a partial partition, formed by the inflexion of the lower suture, Pods membranous. 15. ATELOPHRAGMA. Pods woody. Pods stipitate; leaves unifoliolate. 16. JONESIELLA. Pods sessile; leaves pinnate. Calyx-tube short, campanulate, equalling or shorter than the lobes; tall glabrous plants. 17. PHACOPSIS. Calyx cylindrical, 1onger than the lobes; low cespitose, ciner- ous or villous plants. 18. XYLOPHACOS. Pods without a vestige of a partition. 196 FABACEAE. Pods not with two grooves on the upper side (or if slightly grooved, sessile). Pods with a fleshy epicarp, in fruit cross-ribbed; leaflets ob- scurely articulated to the rachis, fleshy, narrow. 19. CTENOPHYLLUM. Pods without fleshy epicarp; leaflets distinctly articulated to the rachis. Pods woody or at least leathery, flattened or slightly intruded on the lower side. Calyx cylindrical; flowers large; plant mostly low and cespitose. 18. XYLOPHACOS. Calyx campanulate; flowers small. Corolla yellow; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, equalling the tube; stipules united; stem low. 20. CNEMIDOPHACOS. Corolla purple; calyx-lobes triangular; much shorter than the tube; stipules free or nearly so; stem tall and slender. 21, MicroPpHacos. Pods membranous, usually more or less flattened laterally, with both sutures prominent. Leaflets spinulose-tipped; pod 1-2-seeded. 23. KENTROPHYTA. Leaflets not spinulose-tipped; pods several-seeded. 24. HoMALoBUS. Pods with two grooves on the upper side, stipitate. 22. DIHOLCOS. 2. Keel (lower petals) produced into a beak. 27. ARAGALLUS. II. Leaves digitately 3-foliolate. Flowers racemose. 26. OROPHACA. Flowers capitate (some species of). 4. TRIFOLIUM. Trige VII. GLYCYRRHIZEAE. One genus. 28. GLYCYRRHIZA. Trizge VIII. PSORALEAE. Petal 1 (standard) ; leaves odd-pinnate. 29. AMORPHA. Petals 5. Wings and keel free from the filament-tube; leaves in our digitate. 30. PSORALEA. Wings and keel adnate to the filament-tube; leaves odd-pinnate. Stamens 9 or 10. 31. PAROSELA. Stamens 5. 32. PETALOSTEMON. Tring IX. HEDYSAREAE. Pod 4-several-seeded, neither spiny nor toothed. 33. HepysARUM. Pod 1-2-seeded, more or less spiny or toothed. 34. ONOBRYCHIS. Trip—E X. VICIEAE. Style filiform, hairy all around and below the apex; stamen-tube usually oblique at the summit. 35. VICIA. Style flattened towards the apex, hairy on the inner side; stamen-tube usually truncate or nearly so. 36. LATHYRUS. 1. SOPHORA L. 1, Sophora sericea Nutt. Dry prairies from S. D. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz—aAlt. 4000-7000 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; mesas near Pueblo; Walsenburg; Poudre Flats; Trinidad; Boulder; Colorado City. FABACEAE. 197 2. THERMOPSIS R. Br. Pods erect or ascending. Pods straight. Pods strictly erect and appressed, densely pubescent; stipules narrow. 1. T. montana. Pods ascending-erect, sparingly pubescent; stipules broad. z. T. pinetorum. Pods arcuate, with spreading tips. 3. T. divaricarpa. Pods strongly divaricate or reflexed, curved. Pods mostly horizontal, arcuate. 4. T. arenosa. Pods reflexed, curved in a half-circle or more. 5. T. rhombifolia. 1. Thermopsis montana Nutt. (T. stricta Greene) In meadows from Mont. and Wash. to Colo., Utah and Ore.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft.—Hounold; Larimer Co.; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; along Conejos River, north of Antonito; Sapinero; Gunnison. 2. Thermopsis pinetorum Greene. In open woodlands and on hillsides in Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft——Chicken Creek, West La Plata Moun- tains; East Indian Creek; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Table Rock; foot of Horsetooth Mountain; Rist Cafion; Boulder; Colorado Springs; Marshall Pass. 3. Thermopsis divaricarpa A. Nels. In valleys and on foot-hills in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-11,000 ft—Denver; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Veta Mountain; Ute Pass; Sangre de Cristo Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; Ft. Collins; Howe’s Gulch; Beaver Creek; Horsetooth Mountain; Cache la Poudre; foot-hills near Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore; Rist Cafion; Anita Peak. 4. Thermopsis arenosa A. Nels. In sandy soil from Sask. and Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Empire; Eldora to Baltimore. 5. Thermopsis rhombifolia (Nutt.) Richardson. In sandy soil from Sask. and Mont. to Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Manitou; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; mesas near Colorado Springs; Black’s Lake; west of Soldier Cafion; north of La Porte; north of Ft. Collins; Trinidad. 3. LUPINUS L. Lupine. A. Perennials; cotyledons petioled after germination. I. Stems tall, 3 dm. or more, scarcely cespitose. 1. Leaves glabrous above, at least in age. Stem pubescent with long and spreading hairs or glabrous. Banner not with a dark spot; leaflets of the basal leaves oblanceolate, acute. 1. L. amplus. Banner with a dark spot; leaflets of the basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, mucronate. 2. L. ammophilus. Stem appressed-pubescent, at least above. Flowers large, over 12 mm. long; banner with a dark spot. 3. L. plattensis. Flowers small or middle-sized, 12 mm. or less long; banner not with a dark spot. Plant green; stem and lower surface of the leaves sparingly appressed- pubescent. Flowers middle-sized, 8-12 mm. long. Plant purplish; calyx strongly gibbous at the base. 4. L. rubricaulis. Plant green; calyx not strongly gibbous. 5. L. alpestris. Flowers very small, 6-8 mm. long. 198 FABACEAE. Flowers about 8 mm. long. 6. L. parviflorus. Flowers about 6 mm. long. Plant vivid green, not at all canescent. 7. L. floribundus. Plant dark green; inflorescence and young leaves canescent. 8. L. myrianthus. Plant light green; stem more strigose; leaves more or less silvery; flowers light blue or white. Flowers about 8 mm. long; leaflets linear. 11. L. tenellus. Flowers 10-12 mm. long; leaflets oblanceolate. 12. L. decumbens. z. Leaves permanently pubescent above. Plant green; leaves appressed-pubescent or slightly silky; pubescence of the stem long, spreading. g. L. comatus. Plants more or less canescent or silvery; at least the upper part of the stem, inflorescence and the lower surface of the leaves densely silky or villous. Stem appressed-pubescent. Calyx distinctly spurred at the base. to. L. argophyllus. Calyx not spurred, but sometimes rather strongly gibbous at the base. Flowers less than 12 mm. long; banner not conspicuously light- spotted. Pubescence of the leaves finely silky, short, not dense, and per- fectly appressed. Pubescence of the inflorescence finely appressed-silky; leaflets oblanceolate. 13. L. argenteus. Pubescence of the inflorescence looser and spreading. 12. L. decumbens var. Pubescence of the leaves dense, longer and often looser. 14. L. oreophilus. Flowers 12 mm. or more long; banner with a large conspicuous light spot. Stem few-leaved, only slightly exceeding the long basal leaves. 15. L. humicola. Stem very leafy, many times exceeding the basal leaves. 16. L. sericeus. Stem with dense pubescence of spreading usually short hairs. Corolla blue; banner with a light spot. 17. L. Bakeri. Corolla at first white; the banner changing into purple; no light spot. 18. L. dichrous. II. Stem low, less than 3 dm. high, densely cespitose. Inflorescence much exceeding the leaves. 19. L. psoralioides. Inflorescence not exceeding the leaves. Racemes very dense and short, sessile; bracts lanceolate, about equalling the flowers ; pubescence rather appressed. 20. L. caespitosus. Racemes elongated; bracts subulate, exceeding the flowers; pubescence loose. 2t. L. Watson. B. Annuals; cotyledons after germination sessile, clasping the stem; pod 2-seeded. Raceme dense, subcapitate; lower lip of the calyx 2~3-toothed. Plant almost stemless; lower lip of the calyx oval or ovate. 22. L. brevicaulis. Plant with a distinct leafy stem; lower lip of the calyx oblong-lanceolate. 23. L. Kingit. Racemes more elongated and less dense; lower lip of the calyx entire. 24. L. pusillus. a. Lupinus amplus Greene. In the mountains of Colo—Alt. about 8000 ft—Cerro Summit; below Steamboat Springs. 2. Lupinus ammophilus Greene. (L. Sitgreavesii Coult. Man., in part.) In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 6000-7000 ft—Los Pinos (Bay- field) ; Mancos; Durango. FABACEAE. 199 3. Lupinus plattensis S$. Wats. On hillsides in western Neb., Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Walsenburg; Denver; La Veta; butte five miles southwest of La Veta. 4. Lupinus rubricaulis Greene. Hills in Colo.—Alt. about 9000 ft.—Custer Butte. 5. Lupinus alpestris A. Nels. (L. alsophilus Greene.) In mountain val- leys from Mont. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—North fork of Cache la Poudre; divide above Steamboat Springs; Grizzly Creek; Little Veta Mountain; Four-Mile Hill; North Park; Buffalo Pass; mountains above Ouray; summit of North Park Range, Routt Co. 6. Lupinus parviflorus Nutt. In open woods, on hillsides, among bushes, S. D. and Mont. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Near Empire; Red Mountain road, south of Ouray; Pearl; North Park, near Teller; Berthoud Pass; Breckenridge. 7. Lupinus floribundus Greene. In the mountains of Colo—Upper Bear Creek. 8. Lupinus myrianthus Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 8000- gooo ft.—Pitkin; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Jack’s Cabin. g. Lupinus comatus Rydb. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Lake City; Chicken Creek, La Plata Mountains; Gunnison Co. 1o. Lupinus argophyllus (A. Gray) Cockerell. (L. decumbens argophyllus A. Gray; L. Helleri Greene; L. aduncus Greene) Valleys and river banks from Neb. and Colo. to N. M.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Durango; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Mancos; Mesa Verde; Colorado Springs; Antonito; bank of Conejos River. 1x. Lupinus tenellus Nutt. In the mountains from Mont. to Colo. and Calif—Estes Park; Mt. Harvard; Middle Park; Twin Lakes; Kremmling. 12, Lupinus decumbens Torr. (L. argenteus decumbens A. Gray; L. lep- tostachys Greene) On prairies and hillsides from Neb., Mont. and Ore. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Boulder; Douglass Co.; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs; Wahatoya Creek; La Veta; Mosquito Pass; Moon’s ranch; Victoria; Veta Mountain; North Park; Trail Creek; Rist Cafion; Sapinero; New Windsor; Bosworth’s ranch; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Horsetooth Mountain; Callaway; Redcliffe. Lupinus decumbens argentatus Rydb. Leaflets broader than in the type and not conduplicate. On prairies and hillsides in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—High mountains, Larimer Co.; between Sunshine and Ward; foot-hills near Boulder. 13. Lupinus argenteus Pursh. On prairies from Mont. to Colo.—Glen- wood Springs. 14. Lupinus oreophilus Greene. In the mountains from Wyo. to Utah and Colo.—West Cliff; Cimarron; Steamboat Springs; Meeker; Rio Blanco Co. 15. Lupinus humicola A. Nels. In rich soil in Colo. and Wyo.—Near Ironton, San Juan Co. 16. Lupinus sericeus Pursh. On prairies from Ass. and Wash. to Wyo. and Nev. A doubtful specimen has been collected in Colo—Minturn. 17. Lupinus Bakeri Greene. In the.mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-8500 ft—Hesperus; Los Pinos (Bayfield); Cedar Edge. 200 FABACEAE. 18. Lupinus dichrous Greene. In the mountains of Colo—Alt. about 7000 ft—Cedar Edge. 1g. Lupinus psoralioides Pollard. Open gravelly soil in Colo—Gunnison. 20. Lupinus caespitosus Nutt. On hillsides from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Hinsdale Co.; North Park, near Teller; twelve miles below Grand Lake; Gunnison; Kremmling. 21. Lupinus Watsoni Heller. (Lupinus aridus Utahensis S. Wats.) In sandy soil from Ida. to Colo. and Utah—North Park; Gunnison. 22, Lupinus brevicaulis S. Wats. On hills from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-6oo0 ft.—Arboles; Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 23. Lupinus Kingii S. Wats. (L. Sileri S. Wats.) In dry soil from Utah and Colo. to Ariz—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Mancos; Garland; Piedra; Thomp- son’s Park, La Plata Mountains; Gunnison. 24. Lupinus pusillus Pursh. On dry plains from Mont. and Ore. to Kans., N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 1500-1600 m.—Mesas near Pueblo; New Windsor; Crow Creek; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Wray; Hotchkiss; Lamar; Rocky Ford; Ft. Collins; Walsenburg. ‘ 4. TRIFOLIUM L. Ctover. Heads not involucrate. Plants mostly tall; stem leafy. Calyx hairy. Heads sessile; corolla red-purple; free portion of the stipules ovate. 1. T. pratense. Heads long-peduncled; corolla white or pink; free portion of the stipules elongated-lanceolate. Plants cespitose from a woody root; stems ascending; corolla salmon- color. 2. T. Rusbyt. Plant erect from a creeping rootstock; corolla white. 3. T. Rydbergii. Calyx glabrous; peduncles axillary; corolla white or rose-color. 4. T. repens. Plants low, cespitose; stems scapiform. Calyx glabrous. Heads 1-3-flowered; flowers not reflexed; calyx-teeth lanceolate; caudex thick, densely cespitose with short branches. 5. T. nanum. Heads several-flowered; flowers reflexed; calyx-teeth subulate; branches of the caudex more slender and elongated. 6. T. Brandegei. Calyx pubescent. Leaflets oval or obovate, strongly veined and sharply dentate. Flowers 10-12 mm. long. 7. T. subacaulescens. Flowers about 8 mm. long. 8. T. gymnocarpon. Leaflets lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, entire and not strongly veined. Flowers reflexed in fruit; bracts minute, truncate and toothed. Calyx %4-% as long as the corolla; its teeth fully twice as long as the tube. 9. T. stenolobum. Calyx about half as long as the corolla; its teeth only slightly longer than the tube. Banner acuminate; leaflets linear-lanceolate. 10. T. attenuatum. Banner obtuse, minutely mucronate; leaflets oblong-lanceolate to elliptic. 11. T. bracteolatum. Flowers not reflexed in fruit; bracts more conspicuous, lanceolate to subulate, long-attenuate. Bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate or subulate, much exceeding the calyx-tube and often almost equalling the calyx-teeth; plant bright green. 12. T. lividum. FABACEAE. 201 Bracts slightly, if at all, exceeding the calyx-tube, distinctly scarious- margined and abruptly contracted into a long acumination; plant grayish. 13. T. dasyphyllum. Heads more or less involucrate by more or less united bracts. Plants low, cespitose; stem scapiform; bracts united only at the base. Bracts lanceolate to linear-subulate; leaflets entire (see No. 9-13). Bracts oblong, oval, ovate or obovate; leaflets dentate. Banner long-acute, much exceedings the wings. 14. T. salictorum. Banner blunt, slightly exceeding the wings. 15. T. Parryi. Plants with elongated leafy stem; bracts united to a monophyllous involucre. Corolla 12-15 mm. long. 16. T. Fendleri. Corolla about 10 mm. long. 17. T. oxydon. 1. Trifolium pratensis L. Cultivated and escaped along roads, around dwellings and in waste places from Newf. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif— Ft. Collins. z. Trifolium Rusbyi Greene. In meadows from Colo. to Ariz. and Calif. —Mancos. 3. Trifolium Rydbergii Greene. (T. longipes A. Gray and Coult., in part; not Nutt.) In meadows from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; mountain near Veta Pass; Pearl; Elk River, Routt Co.; West Indian Creek; Gore Pass; Dolores; Holdredge’s ranch, North Park; Camp Creek. 4. Trifolium repens L. Cultivated and escaped in waste places and mead- ews from Newf. to B. C. to Fla. and Calif—Alt. up to 7000 ft.—Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. 5. Trifolium nanum Torr. In the mountains from Mont. to Colo—Alt. gooo-14,000 ft—Mt. Evans; Lake City; Pike’s Peak; near Empire; Carson; Gray’s Peak; mountains above Como; West Spanish Peak; Hayden Peak; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; Berthoud Pass. 6. Trifolium Brandegei S. Wats. In the mountains of Colo—Alt. up to 12,500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains. 7. Trifolium subcaulescens A. Gray. (7. nemorale Greene) In dry soil in Colo. and N. M.—Los Pinos; Glenwood Springs; Mancos. 8. Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt. In arid places from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 8000 ft—North Park; Cerro Summit. g. Trifolium stenolobum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. go00- 12,000 ft.—Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Upper La Plata Cafion; near Ironton, San Juan Co. to. Trifolium attenuatum Greene. On alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. about 11,500 ft—Near Pagosa Peak. 11. Trifolium bacteolatum Rydb. (TJ. lilacinum Rydb.; not Greene; S. petraeum Greene) On mountain peaks of southern Colo.—Alt. 9000-10,000 ft—West Spanish Peak. 12. Trifolium lividum Rydb. On alpine peaks of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Massif de l’Arapahoe; Graymont; Alpine Tunnel. 13. Trifolium dasyphyllum Torr. On alpine peaks from Mont. to Colo. —Alt. 7oo0-13,000 ft—Berthoud Pass; Eldora to Baltimore; Lake City; Pike’s Peak; Hinsdale Co.; headwaters of Clear Creek; Cameron Pass; Bald Mountain; Mt. Harvard; Silver Plume; mountains above Boreas; Twin Lakes; mountains of Larimer Co.; Flat Top Mountains, Routt Co.; 202 FABACEAE. mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co.; Devil’s Causeway; above Beaver Creek; Leroux Creek; Twin Lakes; Spicer. 14. Trifolium salictorum Greene. Mountains of Colo—Alt. about 12,000 ft.—Carson. 1s. Trifolium Parryi A. Gray. In the mountains of Wyo., Utah and Colo. —Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—Twin Lakes; headwaters of Clear Creek; Tennes- see Pass, seven miles west of Leadville; Cameron Pass; Buena Vista, Chaf- fee Co.; Marshall Pass; mountains above Boreas; Estes Park; Silver Plume; Gray’s Peak; Robinson; Chambers’ Lake; Graymont; Leroux Creek; above Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass. 16. Trifolium Fendleri Greene. In meadows from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. up to 8000 ft—Wahatoya Creek; Gunnison; La Veta; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Buena Vista; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Monte Vista. 17. Trifolium oxyodon Greene. In meadows from Colo. to Ariz.—Alt. up to 7700 ft.—Gunnison. 5. MEDICAGO L. Atratra, Lucerne, MeEpIc. 1. Medicago sativa L. Cultivated from Europe and escaped from Me. and Ida. to Va. and Utah.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; Boulder. 6. MELILOTUS Juss. Sweer CLover. * Corolla white; banner a little longer than the wings. a. M. alba. Corolla yellow; banner about equalling the wings. z. M. officinalis. 1. Melilotus alba Desv. In waste places from N. S. and D. C. to Ida. and Nev. Naturalized from Europe; also cultivated—Alt. 4000-7000 ft— Cucharas Valley, near La Veta. z. Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. In waste places from N. S. and La. to Ida. and Colo. Naturalized from Europe; occasionally cultivated for bees.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Ft. Collins; Boulder. ; 7. ANISOLOTUS Bernh. Brrv’s-Froot TREEFOIL. 1. Anisolotus Wrightii (A. Gray) Rydb. (Hosackia Wrightiti A. Gray) In dry soil from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft.—Dolores; Mancos. 8. ROBINIA L. Locust-TrEe. 1. Robinia neo-mexicana A. Gray. Along streams from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Trinidad; Walsenburg; La Veta; Denver. 9. PETERIA A. Gray. 1. Peteria scoparia A. Gray. Dry regions from Colo. and Utah to N. M: and Ariz—La Plata Valley (Brandegee). 1o. GEOPRUMNON Rydb. Burrato Beans, Grounp Pius. Corolla yellowish white, with purple-keel; leaflets oval or obovate. 1. G. succulentum. Corolla purple; leaflets oblong to linear. z. G. crassicarpum. FABACEAE. 203 1. Geoprumnon succulentum (Richardson) Rydb. (Astragalus succulentus Richardson; A. prunifer Rydb.) On plains and hills from Sask. and Mont. to S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft——Ft. Collins; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Walsenburg; bank of Cache la Poudre; Horsetooth Gulch; Velmont. 2. Geoprumnon crassicarpum (Nutt.) Rydb. (Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt.; A. caryocarpus Ker) On prairies and plains from Man. and Mont. to Mo. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Plains near Denver; South Park; Lamar; Ft. Collins; Howe’s Gulch. 11, ASTRAGALUS L. Loco Weep, Mitk VeEtcH. Plants cespitose, subscapose, villous-pubescent ; pods sulcate on both sutures. Pod glabrous, deeply sulcate. 1. A. mollissimus. Pod villous, slightly sulcate. Calyx densely villous; leaflets 6-12 pairs. 2. A. Bigelovit. Calyx sparingly nigrescent; leaflets 3-6 pairs. 3. A. anisus. Plants with elongated leafy stems. Pods not sulcate or slightly so on the lower suture, round or nearly so in cross-section. Bracts linear-lanceolate, long-attenuate; the lower almost as long as the calyces; calyx-teeth all narrow, subulate, fully half as long as the tube; pod glabrous. 4. A. canadensis. Bracts ovate to lanceolate, scarcely half as long as the calyces; calyx-teeth short, less than half as long as the tube; the upper broader; pod more or less hairy. 5. A. oreophilus. Pod deeply sulcate on the lower suture, cordate or triangular in cross-section. Pod with appressed gray or black pubescence. Corolla purple or pink, seldom white ; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube. 6. A. nitidus. Corolla sulphur-yellow ; calyx-teeth almost equalling the tube. 7. A, sulphurescens. Pod villous with long spreading hairs. Corolla ochroleucous; bracts broadly spatulate, very obtuse. 8. A. virgultatus. Corolla purple; bracts ovate-lanceolate or oblong, often acutish. g. A. goniatus. 1, Astragalus mollissimus Torr. On prairies from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and N. M.—At. 4o00-sooo ft—Ft. Collins; Lamar. 2. Astragalus Bigelovii A. Gray. In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Grand Junction. 3. Astragalus anisus Jones. On dry mesas of Colo.—Pueblo. 4. Astragalus canadensis L. Among bushes and in meadows from Que. and B. C. to Fla. and Calif—AlIt. 4000-5000 ft—La Veta; Roswell; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; Ft. Collins; Poudre flats; between Ft. Col- lins and La Porte; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; along Conejos River. 5. Astragalus oreophilus Rydb. (A. Mortonii Coulter, in part; not Nutt.) Among bushes in Colo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—-Pagosa Springs; mountains, Larimer Co.; Wahatoya Creek; Trimble Springs, above Durango; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; plains and foot-hills near Boulder; Walsenburg. 6. Astragalus nitidus Dougl. (A. adsurgens Hook., and Am. auth.; not Pall.) On hills and plains from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to Colo. and Oregon. —Alt. 4000-11,000 ft—South Park; Manitou Springs; Platte River; Chey- 204 FABACEAE, enne Cafion; Walsenburg; Little Veta Mountain; Colorado Springs; Mt. Harvard; west of Soldier Cafion; La Porte; Como; Redcliffe. 7. Astragalus sulphurescens Rydb. On hills and mountains of Colo— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Boulder Cafion; Georgetown; Platte River, Denver; Estes Park; vicinity of Como; Long Gulch; near Boulder; Empire. 8. Astragalus virgultatus Sheld. (A. hypoglottis bracteosus Osterh.) In mountain meadows of Colo. and Wyo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft.—Boulder; Gunnison. g. Astragalus goniatus Nutt. (A. hypoglottis polyspermus T. & G; A. hypoglottis Richardson; not L.) In meadows and river valleys from Sask. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Boulder; Valmont; Ala- mosa; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Cimarron; Salida; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Ft. Collins; Dillon; Buena Vista; Arboles; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Pagosa Springs; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; near La Plata Post Office; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Table Rock; Horsetooth Gulch; Do- lores; Como; Colorado City. : 12, HAMOSA Medic. Plant acaulescent, silvery-white. 1. A. scaposa. Plant caulescent, not silvery. Pods curved. «. H. Nuttalliana. Pods straight. 3. H. leptocarpa. 1. Hamosa scaposa (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus scaposus A. Gray.) On dry hills from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz—McElmo Cafion. 2. Hamosa Nuttalliana (DC.) Rydb. (A. Nuttallianus DC.) In dry soil from Colo. and Ark. to Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Palisades. 3. Hamosa leptocarpa (T. & G.) Rydb. (A. leptocarpus T. & G.) In dry soil from Tex. to Colo.—Lake City. : 13. CYSTIUM Stev. 1, Cystium diphysum (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus diphysus A. Gray) On hills from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.— Southwestern Colo-: rado” (Brandegee) ; exact locality not given. 14. TIUM Medic. Stipe equalling or exceeding the calyx; pod not incurved. Pods not black-hairy ; corolla white or ochroleucous. Plant villous; pod cordate in cross-section. 1. T. Drummondii. Plant appressed-pubescent or glabrous; pod more or less triangular or inverted V-shaped in cross-section. Calyx not black-hairy; pod straight. 2. T. racemosum. Calyx black-hairy ; pod arcuate. 3. T. scopulorum. Pod black-hairy; corolla purple. . T. alpinum. Stipe shorter than the calyx or almost none; pod incurved. Pod mottled; plant green. 5. T. sparsifioruim. Pod not mottled; plant cinereous. Pod appressed-pubescent. 6. T. huministratum. Pod hirsute-villous with spreading hairs. 7. T. desperatum. FABACEAE. 205 1. Tium Drummondii (Dougl.) Rydb. (Astragalus Drummondii Dougl.) On hills, plains and valleys from Sask. and Alb. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Southeast of La Veta; Cimarron; La Veta; Cheyenne Cafion; Ft. Collins; Colorado Springs; Horsetooth Gulch; east of Soldier Cafion; Boulder. 2. Tium racemosum (Pursh) Rydb. (Astragalus racemosus Pursh.) On plains and hills, N. D. to Kans. and N. M.—Oak Creek; Apishipa Creek, Otero Co.; east of Soldier Cafion. 3. Tium scopulorum (Porter) Rydb. (Astragalus scopulorum Porter; A. rasus Sheldon) On hills and open woods in the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Grand Junction; Mancos; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Los Pinos; Cerro Summit; Cimarron; Dolores. 4. Tium alpinum (L.) Rydb. (Astragalus alpinus L.) In the moun- tains and in open woodlands from Lab. and Alaska to Vt. and Colo.—Alt. 6000-11,000 ft—Lake City; Boulder Cafion; near Empire; Carson; Twin Lakes; Veta Pass; North Park; Twin Lake Creek; near La Plata Post Office; Mt. Harvard; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Como, South Park; Piedra; North Park, near Teller; Leroux Park; Michigan River; Chambers’ Lake; Graymont. 5. Tium sparsiflorum (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus sparsiforus A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Cascade Cafion. 6. Tium huministratum (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus huministratus A. Gray) In the mountains from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. about 7ooo ft—Los Pinos. 7. Tium desperatum (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus desperatus Jones) In the mountains of Colo. and Utah.—Grand Cafion. 15. ATELOPHRAGMA Rydb. Pods stipitate, flat. Pod long-stipitate, glabrous, at least in age. 1. A. aboriginum. Pod short-stipitate, hairy. 2. A. Macounii. Pod sessile, more turgid. Racemes many-flowered; leaflets oblong; septum narrow. Racemes elongated; pod short obovate. 3. A. elegans. Racemes short; pod oblong. 4. A. Shearis. Racemes few-flowered ; leaflets linear; septum broad. 5. A. Brandegei. 1. Atelophragma aboriginum (Richardson) Rydb. (Phaca aboriginorum Richardson) On mountain sides and in open woods from Alb. and Yukon to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Mountain near Veta Pass. z. Atelophragma Macounii Rydb. (Astragalus Macounit Rydb.) In the mountains from Alb. and B. C. to Colo—Exact locality not given. 3. Atelophragma elegans (Hook.) Rydb. (Phaca elegans Hook.; Astra- galus oroboides americanus A. Gray) In the mountains from Que. Sask. and Idaho to Colo.—Alt. 7o00-13,000 ft—Georgetown; Mt. Lincoln; Lake City; headwaters of Clear Creek; near Empire; South Park; Mancos; North Park; Empire. 4. Atelophragma Shearis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo—Twin Lakes. s. Atelophragma Brandegei (Porter) Rydb. (Astragalus Brandegei Por- ter) In the mountains from Colo. and Utah to Ariz.—Alt. about 6500 ft— Arkansas River bluffs; Pleasant Valley. 206 FABACEAE. 16. JONESIELLA Rydb. 1. Jonesiella asclepiadoides (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus asclepiadoides Jones) In arid soil of Colo. and Utah—Southeast of Hotchkiss; Grand Junction. 17. PHACOPSIS Rydb. Plant perfectly glabrous; leaflets oval, retuse or obtuse. 1. P. praelongus. Plant hispidulous-strigose on the upper part of the stem and the lower surface of the leaves. 2. P, Pattersonii. 1. Phacopsis praelongus (Sheldon) Rydb. (A. procerus A. Gray) From Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 2500-6500 ft.—Arboles; Cimarron. 2. Phacopsis Pattersonii (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. Pattersonii A. Gray) On plains and open ground in Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 7000 ft—Mancos; Wolcott, Eagle Co.; Grand River Cafion; Hotchkiss; Grand Junction; Ridgeway. 18. XYLOPHACOS Rydb. Pod short-hairy or glabrous. Plant villous; both of the sutures inflexed. 1. X. Parryi. Plant cinereous; none of the sutures or only the dorsal one inflexed. Pod at first somewhat fleshy, in age spongy; plant acaulescent. 2. X. pygmaeus, Pod coriaceous. Pods straight or nearly so. Pods when mature somewhat compressed laterally. 3. X. missouriensis. Pods when mature compressed vertically. 4. X. vespertinus. Pods more or less curved. Pods obtuse at the base; dorsal suture strongly inflexed; leaves white- silky on both sides. 5. X. Shortianus. Pods tapering at both ends. Pod over 3 cm. long; upper suture strongly arched; calyx-teeth short, triangular. 6. X. amphioxus. Pod less than 3 cm. long; upper suture straight or slightly curved; calyx-teeth linear-subulate. 7. X. nintensis. Pod long-hairy, densely villous; corolla yellow or keel purple. Leaflets broadly obovate, appressed-silky. 8. X. Newberryi. Leaflets elliptic or oblanceolate, long-villous. g. X. Purshii. 1. Xylophacos Parryi (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus Parryi A. Gray) On mountain ridges of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Near Empire; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Ft. Collins; Wahatoya Cafion; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; headwaters of Pass Creek; Estes Park; Bijou Basin; Platte Cafion; Rist Cafion; Chambers’ Lake; vicinity of Como; near Boulder. z. Xylophacos pygmaeus (Nutt.) Rydb. (Phaca pygmaea Nutt.; A. chamaeluce A. Gray; A. Cicadae Jones) Dry hills and arid plains of Colo., Wyo. and Utah.—Grand Junction. 3. Xylophacos missouriensis (Nutt.) Rydb. (A. Missouriensis Nutt.) On plains from Sask. and Mont. to Kans. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft. —Ft. Collins; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Arboles; Walsenburg; river bluffs north of La Veta; mesas near Pueblo; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Grand Junction. FABACEAE. 207 4. Xylophacos vespertinus (Sheld.) Rydb. (A. vespertinus Sheld.) In arid places of W. Colo. and N. Mex.—Grand Junction. 5. Xylophacos Shortianus (Nutt.) Rydb. (A. Shortianus Nutt.) On plains and dry hills from western Neb. and Wyo. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Ute Pass; plains near Denver; Clear Creek Cafion; Ft. Col- lins; Rist Cafion; Spring Cafion; west of Dixon Cafion; Hotchkiss; Table Rock; Soldier Cafion; vicinity of Horsetooth; Grand Junction; north of La Porte; near Boulder; Sapinero; Arboles. 6. Xylophacos amphioxus (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. amphioxus A. Gray) On dry plains and hills from southwestern Colo. to Utah and Ariz.—Exact locality not given. 7. Xylophacos uintensis (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus Uintensis Jones) On dry mesas from Colo. to Utah and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Mancos; mesas near Pueblo; Cimarron; Grand Junction. 8. Xylophacos Newberryi A. Gray. Dry hills from southwestern Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz—Exact locality not given. g. Xylophacos Purshii Dougl. On plains and hills from Mont. and B. C. to northern Colo. and Calif—Along North Platte. 19. CTENOPHYLLUM Rydb. 1. Ctenophyllum pectinatum (Hook.) Rydb. (Phaca pectinata Hook.; Astragalus pectinatus Dougl.) On dry plains from Alb. and Sask. to Kans. and Colo.—Ft. Collins. 20. CNEMIDOPHACOS Rydb. 1. Cnemidophacos flavus (Nutt.) Rydb. (Astragalus flavus Nutt.) On dry mesas from Wyo. to N. M.—AIt. about 6000 ft—Grand Junction; Man- cos; Arboles. 21. MICROPHACOS Rydb. 1. Microphacos microlobus (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus microlobus A. Gray) On plains and hills from S. D. and Mont. to Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Ft. Collins; Walsenburg; New Windsor; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Denver; Colorado City. 22, DIHOLCOS Rydb. Corolla over 1 cm. long; calyx-teeth nearly as long as the tube. Corolla purplish or pinkish; pod strigose. 1. D. bisulcatus. Corolla whitish ; pod glabrous. z. D. decalvans. Corolla whitish or straw color, less than 1 cm. long; calyx-teeth much shorter than the tube. 3. D. Haydenianus. 1. Diholcos bisulcatus (Hook.) Rydb. (Phaca bisulcata Hook.; Astragalus bisulcatus A. Gray) On plains and in river valleys from Sask. and Mont. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Pueblo; between La Veta and Gardner; Ft. Collins; mesas near Pueblo; Lamar; Spring Cafion; Platte River; Colorado Springs. 208 FABACEAE. z. Diholcos decalvans (Gandoger) Rydb. (A. bisulcatus decalvans Gan- doger) River valleys of Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Ft. Collins; Dixon Cafion; Quimby. 3. Diholcos Haydenianus (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. Haydenianus A. Gray) In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. about 7o00 ft—Rio Blanco, south of Pagosa; Mancos; Pagosa Springs; Montrose; La Veta; Gunnison; Ridgeway. 23. KENTROPHYTA Nutt. Stipules united only at the base, more or less herbaceous. * Plants 3-4 dm. high, usually erect; stipules with long spinulose tips. z. K. impensa. Plant low; stipules not spinulose-tipped. 3. K. viridis. Stipules united for about half their length, scarious. Corolla ochroleucous, about 4 mm. long; leaflets less than 5 mm. long. 4. K. Wolf. Corolla purple, about 6 mm. long; leaflets over 5 mm. long. 5. K. aculeata. 1. Kentrophyta impensa (Sheldon) Rydb. (Astragalus viridis impensus Sheldon; A. Kentrophyta elatus S. Wats.) In cafions and bad-lands from Colo. to Nev. and Ariz.—Grand River Cafion. 2. Kentrophyta viridis Nutt. (Astragalus Kentrophyta A. Gray, in part.) In cafions and bad-lands of Wyo. and Colo.—Palisades. 3. Kentrophyta Wolfii Rydb. (Homalobus Wolfi Rydb.) On dry hills of Colo.—South Park. 4. Kentrophyta aculeata (A. Nels.) Rydb. (A. tegetarius implexus Canby; A. aculeatus A, Nels.) On dry hills and mountains from Mont. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Chambers’ Lake; Georgetown. 24. HOMALOBUS Nutt. Leaves simple or some rarely pinnately 3-foliolate; plants pulvinate-cespitose. SIMPLICIFOLII. Leaves pinnately 5~many-foliolate. Pods sessile or short-stipitate; stipe seldom exceeding the calyx. Pods more or less compressed. Pods oval, ovate, broadly oblong or elliptical TENELLI. Pods linear, 1.5 cm. or more long. CAMPESTRES. Pods terete or nearly so. FLExvosiI. Pods long-stipitate ; stipe many times as long as the calyx. MAaAcrocarrPl. SIMPLICIFOLIT. One species. 1. H. caespitosus. TENELLI. Pods strictly sessile. Pods erect on long pedicels. 2. A. grallator. Pods spreading or reflexed on short pedicels. Pods glabrous; plant canescent. 3. H. Wingatanus. Pods hairy; plant green. 4. H. Clementis. Pods short-stipitate. Leaflets broadly linear or oblong; corolla ochroleucous. 5. H. tenellus. Leaflets narrowly linear; corolla whitish, tinged with purple. 6. H. acerbus. CAMPESTRES. Calyx-teeth lanceolate to subulate, half as long as the tube or longer. Pods arcuate. 7. H. decumbens. Pods straight. FABACEAE. 209 Leaflets linear or linear-oblong, acute, ascending. Leaflets narrowly linear, silvery-canescent. Low and very cespitose, 1-2 dm. high; pods about 1.5 cm. long; keel with a very narrow end. 8. H. camporum. Tall, 3-4 dm. high, more simple; pods 2-2.5 cm. long; keel with a broader end. 9. H. campestris. Leaflets oblong or lanceolate, strigose but not canescent; terminal leaflet longer, tapering into the rachis without a distinct articulation; racemes long and lax. to. H. decurrens. Leaflets, at least of the lower leaves, oval or elliptical, spreading. 11. H. hylophilus. Calyx-teeth triangular, %4-14 as long as the tube; leaflets linear. Low, depressed; pods 12-15 mm. long, sessile. 12. H. tenuifolius. Taller, 2 dm. or more high; pods over 15 mm. long, often slightly stipitate. 13. H. junciformis. FLEXvoSI. Pod oblong, over 5 mm. in diameter. Inflorescence short; flowers about 15 mm, long; pod glabrous. . 14. H. Halli. Inflorescence elongated and lax; flowers about 10 mm. long; pod pubescent. 15. H. Fendleri. Pod linear, 2-3 mm. thick. Pod abruptly contracted into a short or obsolete stipe. Stem decumbent; stipe minute or obsolete. 16. H. flexuosus. Stem erect; stipe almost equalling the calyx. 17. H. proximus. Pod gradually tapering into the short stipe. 18. H. Salidae. Macrocarri. One species. 19. H. macrocarpus 1. Homalobus caespitosus Nutt. (Astragalus caespitosus A. Gray.) On dry hills from Ass. and Mont. to Colo. and Utah—AIt. 4000-6000 ft— Livermore, Larimer Co.; north of La Porte. z. Homalobus grallator (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A. grallator S. Wats.) On river banks from Colo. to Nev.—Steamboat Springs. 3. Homalobus wingatanus (S. Wats.) Rydb. (A. Wingatanus S. Wats.) On dry hills in S. Colo. and N. Mex.—Mancos. 4. Homalobus Clementis Rydb. In the mountains of Colo—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.—Marshall Pass; Sangre de Cristo; Big Creek Gulch. 5. Homalobus tenellus (Pursh) Britton. (Astragalus tenellus Pursh; As- tragalus multiforus (Pursh) A. Gray) On plains and hills from Minn., Sask. and Yukon to Neb., Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft—Near Empire; Ward, Boulder Co.; Swallows, between Cafion City and Pueblo; Estes Park; near mouth of Leroux Creek; Middle Park; Ft. Collins; near Boul- der; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Marshall Pass. 6. Homalobus acerbus (Sheld.) Rydb. (A. acerbus Sheld.) In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft.—Glenwood Springs. 7. Homalobus decumbens Nutt. (A. decumbens A. Gray) In the moun- tains of Colo. and Wyo.—Steamboat Springs. 8. Homalobus camporum Rydb. On plains and hills from Alb. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; North Park. ; 9. Homalobus campestris Nutt. (A. campestris A. Gray; A. convallarius Greene) On plains from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. up to 14 210 FABACEAE, 10,000 ft—lLake City; Cafion City; Como, South Park; Big South; Stove Prairie Hill; Gore Pass; Rabbit-Ear Range; North Park; Estes Park; forks of Poudre and Big South; mountains of Larimer Co.; Pinkham Creek. 1o. Homalobus decurrens Rydb. On wooded hills in Colo.—Alt. 8000- 10,000 ft.—Estes Park; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Como; Stove Prairie Hill. 11. Homalobus hylophilus Rydb. On wooded hillsides from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Utah—AlIt. about 8000 ft—Cerro Summit; North Park, near Teller; Leadville; Empire. 12. Homalobus tenuifolius Nutt. From the Canadian Rockies to the mountains of Colo.—Lake City. 13. Homalobus junciformis (A. Nels.) Rydb. (Astragalus junciformis A. Nels.) On dry plains and hills from Mont. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. about 7ooo ft—Glenwood Springs; Cedar Edge. 14. Homalobus Hallii (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus Hallii A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft.——South Park; Garland; Como, South Park; Leadville; Alamosa; Dolores; Horsetooth Gulch; Como, South Park; Black Cafion. 15. Homalobus Fendleri (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. Fendleri A. Gray) On dry hills of Colo. and N. M.—AlIt. 4000-7000 ft—Mancos; Los Pinos. 16. Homalobus flexuosus (Dougl.) Rydb. (Phaca flexuosa Hook; A. flex- nosus Dougl.) On dry plains and hills from Minn., Sask. and Alb. to Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Upper Arkansas; South Park; Los Pinos; Salida; Gunnison; New Windsor; Buena Vista; Veta Pass; Idaho Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Cucharas River, below La Veta; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Ft. Collins; northwest of Soldier Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Almelia; Estes Park; near Boulder; Em- pire. 17. Homalobus proximus Rydb. On dry hills of Colo.—Arpboles. 18. Homalobus Salidae Rydb. On hills in Colo—Salida. 1g. Homalobus macrocarpus (A Gray) Rydb. (Phaca macrocarpa A. Gray; A. lonchocarpus Torr.) In open woods from Colo. and Utah to N. M.—AIt. 6000-10,000 ft-—Pagosa Springs; Thompson Park, La Plata Moun- tains; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Arboles; Durango. 25. PHACA L. Upper suture not acute; pod circular or oval in cross-section. Pod short-stipitate. Pod not mottled, erect or ascending. Pod ashy, with minute white hairs. ur. P. Wetherill. Pod glabrous. 1. P, Eastwoodiae. Pod mottled, spreading or reflexed. Leaflets linear or none; plant grayish-pubescent. Terminal leaflet none, represented by the much produced rachis; lateral leaflets also often absent. 2. P. longifolia. Leaflets present; rachis not produced. a. PB. picta. Leaflets broadly oval or obcordate; plant glabrous. 4. P. artipes. Pod sessile. FABACEAE. 211 Pod over 1.2 cm. long. Pod 2~-2.5 cm. long; corolla ochroleucous. 5. P. Candolleana. Pod 12-15 mm. long; corolla purple. 6. P. cerussata. Pod 3-12 mm. long. Pod ovoid; plant 3-6 dm. high; raceme many-flowered. 7.°P. Bodinii. Pods ellipsoid; plant usually less than 3 dm. high; raceme few-flowered. Plant cespitose; stem slender, 1-2 dm. high, slender; leaflets o.5—1 cm. long. 8. P. pauciflora. Plant pulvinate-cespitose, almost stemless; leaflets minute. g. P. humillima. Upper suture of the pod straight or curved upwards, acute; pod in cross-section obovate. 10. P. elatiocarpa. 1. Phaca Eastwoodiae (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus Preussit sulcatus Jones; A. Eastwoodiae Jones) In Utah and Colo.—Westwater. z. Phaca longifolia (Pursh) Nutt. (A. pictus filifolius A. Gray) On sandy soil from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo. and N. M.—Salida; Manitou; Mani- tou Junction. 3. Phaca picta A. Gray. (A. pictus foliosus A. Gray) In sandy soil from Colo. and Utah to N. M.—Denver; Colorado Springs. 4. Phaca artipes (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus artipes A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Cerro Summit; Cedar Edge; Leroux Creek. 5. Phaca Candolleana H. B. K. (Astragalus triflorus A. Gray) In dry places from Colo. to N. M. and Calif.; also Mex.—Cafion City. 6. Phaca cerussata (Sheld.) Rydb. (Astragalus cerusatus Sheld.) Moun- tain sides in Colo.—Cafion City, Fremont Co. 7. Phaca Bodinii (Sheld.) Rydb. (Astragalus Bodinii Sheld.) In val- leys from Mont. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-sooo0 ft——North Park, Larimer Co. 8. Phaca pauciflora Nutt. (A. leptaleus A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Mt. Harvard; North Park, Larimer Co.; Como, South Park; Gunnison; Laramie River. g. Phaca humillima (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. humillimus A. Gray) On arid table-lands of Colo.—Mesa Verde, near Mancos River. 1o. Phaca elatiocarpa (Sheld.) Rydb. (Astragalus lotiforus brachypus A. Gray; A. elatiocarpus Sheld.) On plains from Minn. to Ass. to Mo., Tex. and Calif—Cafion City; Colorado Springs. 11. Phaca Wetherillii (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus Wetherillii Jones) Dry hills and mesas of Colo.—Grand Junction. 26. OROPHACA Britton. Densely cespitose; flowers 8-10 mm. long; inflorescence not exceeding the leaves. Flowers about 10 mm. long; pods puberulent. 1. O. tridactylica. Flowers about 8 mm. long; pods hoary. 2. O. aretioides. Broadly cespitose with prostrate branches; flowers about 6 mm. long; peduncles usually exceeding the leaves; pods hoary. 3. O. sericea. 1. Orophaca tridactylica (A. Gray) Rydb. (Astragalus tridactylicus A. Gray) On plains and hills of Colorado.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft.—Livermore; St. Vrain’s Cafion; Ft. Collins; plains near Denver; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; east of Black’s Lake; near New Windsor. 212 FABACEAE. 2. Orophaca aretioides (Jones) Rydb. (Astragalus sericoleucus aretioides Jones) On dry hills and plains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Ft. Collins; vicinity of Horsetooth; plains near Denver. 3. Orophaca sericea (Nutt.) Britton. (Phaca sericeus Nutt.; A. sericoleu- cus A. Gray) On plains and hills from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo.—Julesburg. 27. ARAGALLUS Necker. Oxyrtropr, Loco-weEep. Stipules adnate to the petioles only slightly at the base; pods pendant, 1-celled, many times exceeding the calyx. a. A, deflexus. Stipules decidedly adnate to the petioles; pods not pendant. Leaves strictly pinnate; leaflets opposite. Fruiting calyx inflated, enclosing the fruit; plants densely cespitose, less than 1.5 dm. high. z. A, multiceps. Fruiting calyx not inflated, much exceeded by the pod. Inflorescence 1-3-flowered; plants dwarf, pulvinate. Pods inflated, 1-celled, ovoid. g, A, Halls. Pods not inflated, oblong, almost 2-celled. 4. A. Parryi. Inflorescence many-flowered; plants mostly over 1.5 dm. high and pod oblong, not inflated. Corolla purple, rarely white. Leaflets linear or linear-lanceolate, not silvery-canescent. 5. A. Lambertii. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate to oval, silvery-canescent. 6. A. sericeus. Corolla yellow or white with a purple spot on the keel. Flowers 12-15 mm. long; pods semi-membranaceous. 7. A, monticola. Flowers 18-25 mm. long; pods coriaceous. 8. A. albiflorus. Leaflets verticillate. 9. A. Richardsonii. 1. Aragallus deflexus (Pall.) Heller. (Oxytropis deflexa (Pall.) DC.) In the mountains from Sask. and Alaska to N. M.—AlIt. 6000-11,000 ft—Near Empire; Lake City; Como, South Park; North Park, near Teller; George- town; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Sargent; Twin Lakes; Alamosa; Kremm- ling; Carson; North Park; Arboles; Dolores; along the Conejos River, north of Antonito; Buena Vista; Empire; Hahn’s Peak. 2. Aragallus multiceps (Nutt.) Heller. (Oxytropis multiceps Nutt.) On dry hills and mountains from western Neb. to Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft—Table Rock; Calhan; Manitou golf links; Colorado Springs. Aragallus multiceps minor (A. Gray) Rydb. (O-xytropis multiceps minor A. Gray) In the mountains of Colo—AlIt. 8000-10,000 ft—Mountains be- tween Sunshine and Ward; Empire; mountains of Estes Park; headwaters of Clear Creek; Caribou. 3. Aragallus Hallii (Bunge) Rydb. (O-xytropis Halli Bunge) On high mountains of Colo.—Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft—Little Veta Mountain. 4. Aragallus Parryi (A. Gray) Greene. (O-xytropis Parryi A. Gray) In high mountain valleys of Colo.—Georgetown. 5. Aragallus Lambertii (Pursh) Greene. (O. Lambertii Pursh) On plains, prairies, hills and table-lands from Minn. and Mont. to Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft——Boulder; Colorado Springs; Cheyenne Cafion; headwaters of Pass Creek; Cucharas River, below La Veta; mesas near Colorado Springs; between Colorado Springs and Cripple Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Palmer Lake; Howe’s Gulch; Poudre Flats; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; near Boulder; Eldora to Baltimore; Hardin’s ranch; Table Rock. FABACEAE. 213 6. Aragallus sericeus (Nutt.) Greene. (Oxytropis sericea Nutt.) On hills and table-lands from N. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000- gooo ft.—Estes Park; Sargents; La Veta; Cimarron; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Platte Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Campton’s ranch; west of Rist Cafion; Wray; Pinkham Creek. 7. Aragallus monticola (A. Gray) Greene. (O. monticola A. Gray) On mountain ridges from Sask. and Wash. to Colo.—‘ Colorado”; exact locality not given. 8. Aragallus albiflorus A. Nels. In mountain valleys of Wyo. and Colo. —Alt. 5000-11,000 ft—Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Iron Mountain; Placer; Ft. Collins; Buena Vista; Chambers’ Lake; west of Rist Cafion; Palmer Lake; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Campton’s ranch, North Poudre. g. Aragallus Richardsonii (Hook.) Greene. (Oxytropis splendens Richardsonti Hook.) In mountain valleys from Sask. and Yukon to Colo. —Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—North Park; Georgetown; Middle Park; Como, South Park; mountain near Veta Pass; Twin Lakes; Indian Creek Pass; Arkansas Junction, near Leadville; Eldora to Baltimore; Empire. 28. GLYCYRRHIZA L. Wiutp Liquorice. a. Glycyrrhiza lepidota Nutt. Among bushes and in rich meadows from Ont. and Wash. to N. Y. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Alamosa; Grand Junction; Huerfano Val- ley, near Gardner; Arboles; Ft. Collins; Walcott; Pueblo; Denver; Poudre Cafion; Rist Cafion; near Boulder. 29. AMORPHA L. Fatse Inpico, LEAD-PLANT. Tall shrub; leaflets 2-5 cm. long; pods usually 2-seeded. 1. A. angustifolia, Low shrubs; leaflets 5-1.5 cm. long; pods 1-seeded. Glabrous or nearly so; spike usually solitary at the ends of the branches. 2. A. nana. Densely canescent; spikes usually clustered. 3. A. canescens. 1. Amorpha angustifolia (Pursh) Boynton. (A. fruticosa angustifolia Pursh; A. fruticosa James; not L.) Along streams from S. D. and Mont. to Fla. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Sterling, Logan Co.; river flats and plains east of Ft. Collins. 2. Amorpha nana Nutt. (A. microphylla Pursh) On dry prairies from Man. to Iowa and Colo.—Palmer Lake. 3. Amorpha canescens Pursh. Sand-hills and prairies from Ind. and Man. to La., Tex. and Colo.—Along Platte River. 30. PSORALEA L. Pome Biancue, INDIAN BREAD-ROOT. Flowers small, less than 8 mm. long, in racemes or interrupted spikes; root not tuberous. Flowers in racemes; leaves not silvery. Racemes short and dense, elliptic or oblong; fruit globose. 1. P. lanceolata. Racemes lax, more elongated; fruit ovoid. 2. P. tenuiflora. Flowers in interrupted spikes; leaves silvery. 3. P. argophylla. Flowers large, over 1 cm. long, in dense head-like spikes ; plant with a deep-seated tuberous, farinaceous root. 214 FABACEAE. Plants with long scattered hairs, not cinereous; leaflets linear to obovate. 4. P. hypogaea. Plant cinereous, with short appressed pubescence; leaflets broadly obovate or rounded-spatulate. 5. P. mephitica. 1. Psoralea lanceolata Pursh. In sandy soil from Sask. to Colo. and Ariz. —Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Colorado Springs; Wray; Manitou Junction; La Veta. 2. Psoralea tenuiflora Pursh. On dry plains and hills from S. D. and Mont. to Ark. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Golden; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Cafion City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Eads; Crow Creek; Chey- enne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 3. Psoralea argophylla Pursh. On plains and prairies from Wis. and Sask. to Mo. and N. M.—Denver. 4. Psoralea hypogea Nutt. On dry plains from Neb. and Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Denver; Colorado Springs. 5. Psoralea mephitica S. Wats. In arid soil from Colo. to N. M. and Calif.—Grand Junction. 31. PAROSELA Car. Perennials. Stem and leaves perfectly glabrous. Stem herbaceous; bracts obovate, persistent, enclosing the calyx. 1. P. lasianthera. Stem low, suffruticose, branched; spikes 2-6 flowered; bracts ovate, deciduous. 2. P. formosa. Stem and leaves more or less hairy. Spike dense, crowded ; petals yellow, at least at first; plant herbaceous. Leaves digitately tri-foliolate; plant low and cespitose. 3. P. Jamesii. Leaves pinnately 3-7-foliolate. Leaflets of the stem-leaves at least only 3; petals turning purplish; spike in fruit about 10 mm. thick. 4. P. elatior. Leaflets 5-7 ; petals not turning purple; spike in fruit about 15 mm. thick. 5. P. aurea. Spike lax; petals purple. Leaves pinnately 3-13 foliolate; stem scarcely spinose. 6. P. lanata. Leaves uni-foliolate or none; plant very spiny. 7. P. spinosa. Annual ; leaves glabrous. 8. P. Dalea. 1. Parosela lasianthera (A. Gray) Heller. (Dalea lasianthera A. Gray) In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—Reported from Colorado, but doubtful. 2. Parosela formosa (Torr.) Vail. (Dalea formosa Torr.) In dry soil from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz.—Platte River. 3. Parosela Jamesii (T. & G.) Vail. (Dalea Jamesti T. & G.; Parosela Porteri A. Nels.) In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4000- 6000 ft.—Rocky Ford, Otero Co.; Walsenburg; Cafion City; Florence. 4. Parosela elatior (A. Gray) Vail. (Dalea nana elatior A. Gray; D. rubescens S. Wats.) Dry places from Colo. to Tex.—‘ Southeastern Colo- rado.” 5. Parosela aurea (Nutt.) Britton. (Dalea aurea Nutt.) On plains from S. D. to Texas——“Northeastern Colorado.” 6. Parosela lanata (Spreng.) Britton. (Dalea lanata Spreng.) In dry soil from Kans. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—On the Platte. FABACEAE, 215 7. Parosela spinosa (A. Gray) Vail. (Dalea spinosa A. Gray) In arid places from Colo. to Calif. and Ariz.; also Mex.—“ Colorado”; exact locality not given. 8. Parosela Dalea (L.) Britton. (Dalea alopecuroides Willd.) Prairies from Ill. and Minn, to Tex. and Mex.—Denver (Eastwood). 32. PETALOSTEMON Lam. Prairie CLover. Calyx glabrous; corolla white. 1. P. oligophyllus. Calyx pubescent. Corolla white or yellow; spike long and compact. z. P. compactus, Corolla rose or purple, very rarely white. Leaflets usually 5. Stem and leaves glabrous or sparingly hairy. 3. P. purpureus. Stem rather densely short-hairy. 4. P. pubescens. Leaflets 7-17, oblong. 5. P. villosus. 1. Petalostemon oligophyllus (Torr.) Rydb. (P. graciles oligophyllus Torr.) On plains from Ass. to Iowa, Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Ft. Collins; east of Colorado Springs; Cafion City; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Pueblo; Poudre River; Arkansas River; Fossil Creek; Dixon Cafion; Boulder. 2. Petalostemon compactus (Spreng.) Sweezy. (Dalea compacta Spreng.; P. macrostachyus Torr.) On dry plains from Neb. to Wyo. and Colo— Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Denver; New Windsor, Weld Co.; near Timnath; Ft. Collins. 3. Petalostemon purpureus (Vent.) Rydb. (P. violaceus Michx.) On plains and prairies from Ind., Sask. and Alb. to Mo. and N. M.—AlIt. 4000-7000 ft—Colorado Springs; Boulder; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Sterling, Logan Co.; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Denver; Ft. Collins; Spring Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; Boulder. 4. Petalostemon pubescens A. Nelson. Plains of Colo—Berwind. 5. Petalostemon villosum Nutt. In sandy soil from Sask. and Mont. to Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Sterling, Logan Co. 33. HEDYSARUM L. Calyx-teeth shorter than the tube; reticulations of the pod polygonal. 1. H. marginatum. Calyx-teeth longer than the tube; reticulations of the pods transversely elongated, usually reaching from the middle to the margins, without cross-veins. Leaflets elliptic-oblong, not fleshy; flowers 12-15 mm. long, purple; bracts lan- ceolate-subulate, 3-5 mm. long; internodes of the fruit 3-5. 2. H. pabulare. Leaflets linear-oblong, somewhat fleshy; flowers about 10 mm. long, rose-purple ; bracts lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long; internodes of the fruit 1-3. 3. H. carnosulum. 1. Hedysarum marginatum Greene. (H. wintahense A. Nels.) On wooded hillsides of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. up to 9000 ft—Near La Plata Post Office; Pagosa Springs; Hesperus. 2. Hedysarum pabulare A. Nelson. (H. Bakeri Greene) On hills of Colo. and N. M.—AlIt. 6000-7000 ft—Mancos; Cimarron; Cafion City, Fre- mont Co.; Dolores; Palisades. 216 FABACEAE. 3. Hedysarum carnosulum Greene. On dry hills from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz—Cafion City; Cedar Hills. 34. ONOBRYCHIS Scop. SAnp-FOIN. 1. Onobrychis Onobrychis (L.) Rydb. (O. sativa Lam.) Cultivated and occasionally escaped from Mont. to Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Walsenburg. 33. VICIA L. Vetcu. Racemes 3—-40-flowered ; flowers 1-2.5 cm. long. Leaves decidedly pubescent. Stipules semi-sagittate, not toothed. 1. V. caespitosa. Stipules broadly semi-hastate, strongly toothed. 2. V. trifida. Leaves glabrous or sparingly pubescent when young. Leaflets linear or oblong to oval, not toothed. Leaflets oblong or linear, rather thick and strongly veined. Stipules narrowly semi-sagittate ; often entire. Leaflets elongated, narrowly linear; plant low. 3. V. sparsifolia. Leaflets, at least the upper ones, oblong or linear-oblong; plant tall, climbing. 4. V. dissitifolia. Stipules broadly semi-hastate or semi-orbicular in outline, sharply toothed. 5. V. oregana. Leaflets usually oval, thin and not strongly veined. 6. V. americana. Leaflets obovate-cuneate, truncate and toothed at the apex. 7. V. californica. Racemes 1-2-flowered ; flowers 5-6 mm. long. 8. V. producta. 1. Vicia caespitosa A. Nelson. In mountain valleys of Wyo. and Colo— Alt. 5000-7500 ft.—Dixon Cafion Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Cache la Poudre; Ft. Collins; Manitou; Colorado City. 2. Vicia trifida D. Dietr. In river valleys from Minn. and Mont. to Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Veta'Pass; butte five miles southwest of La Veta; mesas near Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; Routt Co.; Campton’s ranch, North Poudre; Moon’s ranch; Spring Cafion; Empire. 3. Vicia sparsifolia Nutt. (Lathyrus linearis Nutt.; V. linearis Greene) On prairies and in valleys from Man., Alb. and Ida. to Kans. and Calif— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Florissant; Denver; Arboles; Turkey Creek and tribu- taries; Roswell; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Table Rock. 4. Vicia dissitifolia (Nutt.) Rydb. (Lathyrus dissitifolius Nutt.) In val- leys of Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Lake City; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Colorado Springs; Mancos Cafion; Roswell; Green Moun- tain Falls; Walcott; New Windsor; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad; Empire. 5. Vicia oregana Nutt. (V. Americana truncata Port. & Coult., in part.) On river banks from Minn., Sask. and Wash. to Kans. and Calif—Alt. 4000- 10,000 ft-—Palmer Lake; Denver; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Upper La Plata Cafion; Mancos. 6. Vicia americana Muhl. On prairies and in rich river valleys from N. B. and Ida. to Va. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft——Cucharas River, below La Veta; North Cheyenne Cafion; Glenwood Springs; White River Plateau; Walsenburg; Walcott, Eagle Co.; Cerro Summit; southeast of Ouray; Big Creek Gulch; Empire. 7. Vicia californica Greene. In river valleys from Calif. and Wyo. to Colo.—Alt. about 7500 ft—A doubtful specimen from Ridgeway. FABACEAE. 217 8. Vicia producta Rydb. On gravelly hills and sides of cafions from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft.—Butte five miles southwest of La Veta; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Spring Cafion. 34. LATHYRUS L. Vetcuiinc, Marsu Pega, Flowers less than 18 mm. long; corolla white. Leaflets oval to oblong. 1. L. leucanthus. Leaflets linear. 2. L. arizonicus. Flowers about 2 cm. or more. Corolla purple. Stipules large and broad, about half as long as the leaflets. 3. L. utahensis. Stipules narrow, less than half as long as the leaflets. Leaflets elliptic to oval; upper leaves at least with well deveoped tendrils. ’ 4. L. decapetalus. Leaflets linear or nearly so; tendrils reduced to cusps or small appendages. Plant glabrous or nearly so. 5. L. ornatus. Plant decidedly villous-pubescent. 6. L. incanus. Corolla white or yellowish. 7. L. laetivirens. a. Lathyrus leucanthus Rydb. Hillsides, among bushes and open woods, in Colo. and N. M.—AlIt. 8000-11,000 ft.—Empire; Veta Pass; Ojo; above Mancos; Boulder; Tennessee Pass, Lake Co.; Pass Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; Rico, Dolores Co.; West Indian Creek; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; North Park, near Teller; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Victoria; Leroux Creek; Michigan Fork; Spicer. 2. Lathyrus arizonicus Britton. On wooded hillsides from Colo. to Ariz— Alt. 8000-11,000 ft.—West Mancos Cafion; Mt. Hesperus; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Pass Creek; Iron Mountain; West Indian Creek. 3. Lathyrus utahensis Jones. In valleys of Utah and Colo.—Parrott; Durango. 4. Lathyrus decapetalus Pursh. On plains and table-lands from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft.—Cato; Cucharas River, below La Veta; Calhan; Mancos; Palmer Lake; Robinson; Mancos Cafion; Swal- lows, between Pueblo and Cafion City; Gunnison; Sapinero. 5. Lathyrus ornatus Nutt. On prairies and plains, S. D. and Wyo. to Ind. Terr. and Colo—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Mesas near Colorado Springs; Dillon Cafion; along Conejos River, north of Antonito; Dolores; Colorado City. 6. Lathyrus incanus (Rydb. & Smith) Rydb. (L. ornatus incanus Rydb. & Smith.) On sandy plains from Neb. and Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Table Rock; Palmer Lake; Calhan. 7. Lathyrus laetivirens Greene. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft—Cerro Summit; Steamboat Springs. Order 28. GERANIALES. Plants destitute of secreting glands or cells in the tissue. Styles united around a central column from which they break at maturity. Fam. 72. GERANIACEAE. Styles distinct or permanently united. Styles distinct or partly united; the tips and the stigmas free. Leaves simple; stamens 5. 73. LINACEAE. Leaves compound; stamens 10-15. 74. OXALIDACEAE. Styles and stigmas permanently united. 75. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Plants with secreting glands often in the leaves or only in the bark. 76. RUTACEAE. 218 GERANIACEAE. Family 72. GERANIACEAE J. St. Hill. Geranium Famity. Leaves in ours digitately divided or lobed; tails of the ripening carpels dehiscent, merely arched, glabrous on the inner face. 1. GERANIUM. Leaves pinnately dissected; tails of the ripening carpels, if dehiscent, twisted below and bearded on the inner face. 2. ERopium. 1. GERANIUM L. CraneBILL, GERANIUM. Petals 1-2 cm. long. Plant erect, tall, scarcely cespitose; divisions of the leaves rhombic in out- line; the terminal tooth much longer than the rest; petals white (some- times slightly tinged with rose) and purple-veined. Lower part of the stem glabrous or with scattered spreading villous or glandular hairs. i. G. Richardsonii. Lower part of the stem with short reflexed and appressed hairs. Slender; leaves and calyx sparingly pubescent. 2. G. gracilentum. Stout; calyx and leaves densely pubescent, the latter almost grayish. Veins of the petals weak; calyx only sparingly glandular. 3. G. Cowenit. Veins of the petals very strong; calyx densely glandular. 4. G. nervosum. Plant more or less cespitose; stems ascending or spreading; divisions of the leaves obovate-cuneate; the terminal tooth only slightly longer than the rest; petals purplish. Petals broadly obovate to obcordate; light purple with darker veins. Stem glandular-villous with long spreading hairs. Teeth of the leaves ovate to lanceolate, acute. 5. G. Parryi. Teeth of the leaves broadly ovate, abruptly short-acuminate. 6. G. Pattersonii. Lower part of the stem grayish-pubescent with reflexed hairs, not glandular. Teeth of the leaves very short and broad; stem diffuse; petals obcordate. 7. G. Fremontii. Teeth of the leaves elongated, lanceolate; stem more upright; petals obovate. 8. G. caespitosum. Petals narrowly obovate, dark purple; plant not at all glandular. 9. G. atropurpureum. Petals 5-7 mm. long. 10. G. Bicknellii. 1. Geranium Richardsonii Fish. & Traut. In meadows from Sask. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—AlIt. 8000-10,000 ft—Honnold; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; camp on Grizzly near foot of Rabbit-Ear Range. 2. Geranium gracilentum Greene. In mountain valleys from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Pike’s Peak; Piedra; Mancos; 4 miles west of Cameron Pass; near Veta Pass; near La Plata Post Office; La Plata Cafion; Columbine, Middle Park; Box Caiion, west of Ouray; Bosworth’s; Beaver Creek; bank of Elk River, Routt Co.; Trail Creek bottom; Rico; Silverton; northwest of Dolores. 3. Geranium Cowenii Rydb. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 6000-7000 ft.— Hills, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Rist Cafion; La Veta. 4. Geranium nervosum Rydb. In the mountains of Wyo. and Ida. to Utah and Colo.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; Grizzly Creek; Continental Di- vide, Routt Co.; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Steamboat Springs. 5. Geranium Parryi (Engelm.) Heller. (G. Fremonti Parryi Engelm.) In the mountains of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Pike’s Peak; head- GERANIACEAE. 219 waters of Clear Creek; Colorado Springs; Idaho Springs; Manitou; Platte Cafion; vicinity of Arthur’s Rock; near Boulder. 6. Geranium Pattersonii Rydb. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. 8000-12,900 ft—Near Empire; Douglas Mountain, Empire; Gray’s Peak; Ute Pass; North Cheyenne Cafion; Palmer Lake; near Narrows; Platte Cafion; Eldora to Baltimore. 7. Geranium Fremontii A. Gray. In the mountains of Colo.—Alt. up to gooo ft—Sand Creek Pass. 8. Geranium caespitosum James. On hills and in dry mountain valleys from Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000.—Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; foothills of Larimer Co.; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Cafion. g. Geranium atropurpureum Heller. On hills from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Arboles; Ouray; Mancos; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Cafion Creek; Dolores. io. Geranium Bicknellii Britton. In waste places and on hillsides from N. S. and B. C. to N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft.—Fish Creek Falls. 2. ERODIUM L. 1. Erodium cicutarium L. In waste places from N. S. and Ore. to N. J., Colo. and Calif.; also Mex. Introduced from Europe.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Cucharas River, below La Veta; South Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs; Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Deer River; Palisades; Hotchkiss; Ft. Col- lins; Boulder. Family 73. LINACEAE Dumont. FLax Famity. 1, LINUM L. Frax. Petals blue; sepals not glandular-ciliate. , Annual. 1. L. usitatissimum. Perennial. z. L. Lewisii. Petals yellow; sepals usually glandular-ciliate. Sepals long-acuminate-aristate, twice as long as the pod. 3. L. aristatum. Sepals not more than half longer than the pod. Petals less than 1 cm. long; sepals merely keeled or slightly wing-crested. Stem glabrous or slightly and minutely puberulent. Lateral veins of the sepals indistinct at least below; petals 6-7 mm. long. 4. L. australe. Lateral veins of the sepals strong; petals about 8 mm. long. 5. L. rigidum. Stem densely puberulent. 6. L. puberulum. Petals over t cm. long; sepals strongly wing-crested. 7. L. arkansanum. 1. Linum usitatissimum L. In waste places, escaped from cultivation; native of Europe.—Ft. Collins. 2. Linum Lewisii Pursh. (L. perenne of Coult. Man.; not L.) On dry plains and hills from Mackenzie and Yukon to Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.— Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Cimarron; mesas near Pueblo; Ft. Collins; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Mancos; West Mancos Cafion; Veta Pass; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Palmer Lake; north of La Porte; Dixon Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Spring Cafion; Hahn’s Peak. 220 LINACEAE. 3. Linum aristatum Engelm. In arid places from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz.— Colorado”; exact locality not given. 4. Linum australe Heller. On dry plains and hills from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Arboles; La Veta; Mancos Cafion; Dixon Cafion; Durango. 5. Linum rigidum Pursh. On dry plains and hills from Sask. and Alb. to Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Livermore, Larimer Co.; foot-hills western Larimer Co.; Dillon; Durango. 6. Linum puberulum (Engelm.) Heller. (L. rigidum puberulum Engelm.) On dry plains and hills from Colo. and Nev. to Tex. and Calif—aAlt. 4000- 6000 ft—Grand Junction; Walsenburg. 7. Linum arkansanum Osterh. Sandy soil from Neb. and Colo. to Kans. and Tex.—Rocky Fork, Otero Co. Family 74. OXALIDACEAE Lindl. Woop-sorreEL FamIty. Plants acaulescent, perennial with bulb-like rootstock; corolla rose-violet, a. IONOXALIS. Plants caulescent, not succulent, annuals or perennials with slender rootstock; corolla yellow. 2. XANTHOXALIS. 1. IONOXALIS Small. VioLter Woop-sorreL. 1. Ionoxalis violacea (L.) Small. (O-valis violacea L.) On prairies and in valleys from New England and Minn. to Fla. and Colo—Glen Eyrie. 2. XANTHOXALIS Small. YELLow Woon-sorret, SouRGRASS. Inflorescence umbellike; pods pubescent. ta. Sriéta. Inflorescence dichotomous-cymose; pods glabrous. z. X. coloradensis. 1. Xantoxalis stricta (L.) Small. (Ovalis stricta L.) In woods, culti- vated soil and roadsides, from N. S. ‘and S. D. to Fla., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Boulder; Pagosa Springs; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Pennock’s; mountains northeast of Dolores; Howe’s Gulch; Redstone; Horsetooth Gulch. 2, Xantoxalis coloradensis Rydb. In gulches and in river valleys of Colo. and Black Hills of S. D.—AIt 5000-go00 ft.—Gulch in foot-hills, Larimer Co. ; Sangre de Cristo Creek; New Windsor, Weld Co.; along Poudre; Redstone; Ft. Collins; Mason’s river-front farm. Family 75. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Catrrop Famity. Herbs; albumen none; fruit not villous; carpels 10-12. 1. KALSTROEMIA, Shrubs; albumen horny; fruit villous; carpels 5. z. COVILLEA. 1. KALSTROEMIA Scop. Sepals lanceolate, appressed-pubescent. a. K. maxima. Sepals linear-subulate, bristly hirsute. 2. K. hirsutissima. 1. Kalstroemia maxima (L.) T. & G. (Tribulus maximus L.) Waste places and sandy soil in the Gulf States—Rocky Ford. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. 221 2. Kalstroemia hirsutissima Vail. On plains and prairies from Kans. and Colo. to Tex. and N. M.; also Mex—Cafion City; Pueblo. 2. COVILLEA Vail. Creosote Busu. 1. Covillea tridentata (DC.) Vail. (Larrea mexicana Moricand) Arid districts from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and S. Calif—“So. Colo.,” exact locality not given. Family 76. RUTACEAE Juss. Rue Famity. Fuit a capsule; leaves unifoliolate; stamens 8. 1. THAMNOSMA. Fruit an indehiscent samara; leaves 3-foliolate; stamens 4-5. <. PTELEA. 1. THAMNOSMA Torr. & Frem. 1. Thamnosma texanum Torr. Dry plains from Colo. to Tex. and N. Mex.; also in Mex.—Alt. up to 5400 ft——Soda spring ledge, Cafion City (Brandegee). 2. PTELEA L. Hop-tree, WATER ASH. Samara truncate at the apex. 1. P. angustifolia. Samara emarginate at the apex. 2. P. crenulata. 1. Ptelea angustifolia Benth. Along streams from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.; also in Mex.—Cafion City; Florence. z. Ptelea crenulata Greene. Along streams from Colo. to N. M. and Calif. —Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co. Order 29. POLYGALALES. Family 77. POLYGALACEAE Reichenb. Mitkwort FamILy. 1. POLYGALA L. Mirxwort: Stems herbaceous, unarmed; keel with a fimbriate crest. Perennial; leaves alternate. 1. P. alba. Annual; leaves verticillate. 2. P. verticillata. More or less spiny undershrubs; keel not crested, but with a beak. Plant 5-15 cm. high; flowers 7-10 mm. long. 3. P. subspinosa. Plant 6-10 dm. high; flowers 3-4 mm. long. 4. P. acanthoclada. 1. Polygala alba Nutt. On plains from S. D. to Tex. and Ariz.—Exact locality not given. 2. Polygala verticillata L. On grassy places from Que. and Sask. to Fla. and Colo.—Clear Creek. 3. Polygala subspinosa S. Wats. On dry mesas from Colo and Nev. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. about 5000 ft—Grand Junction; Gunnison Mesa. 4. Polygala acanthoclada A. Gray. In dry valleys from Colo. and Nev. to Ariz—San Juan Valley. Order 30. EUPHORBIALES. Styles and stigmas distinct or mainly so, cleft or foliaceous; ovary 3-celled (rarely 2-celled) ; land-plants. 78. EUPHORBIACEAE. Styles united by pairs; ovary 4-celled; small water- or mud-plants. 79. CALLITRICHACEAE 222 EUPHORBIACEAE. Family 78. EUPHORBIACEAE St. Hill. Spurce Famity. Flowers not in an involucre; calyx of several sepals. Petals present, at least in the staminate flowers. Stamens 6; filaments distinct. 1. CROTON. Stamens 10; filaments monadelphous. 2. DITaxIis. Corolla wanting; stamens 1-3. 3. TRAGIA. Flowers in involucres; calyx represented by minute scales at the base of filament- like pedicels. ’ Glands of the involucres with petal-like appendages; these however sometimes much reduced. Leaves all opposite. Glands of the involucres 4; leaves inequilateral, usually oblique at the base. 4. CHAMAESYCE. Glands of the involucres 5; leaves equilateral, not oblique at the base. 5. ZYGOPHYLLIDIUM. Leaves alternate or scattered, at least below the inflorescence; bracts petal- like. 6. DICHROPHYLLUM. Glands of the inflorescence without petal-like appendages; entirely naked or with a crescent-like horn. Stem topped by an umbel; stipules none; involucres in open cymes, each with 4 glands and entire or toothed lobes. 7. TITHYMALUS. Stem not topped by an umbel; stipules gland-like; involucres in cluster-like cymes; each with a single gland or rarely with 4 glands and fimbriate lobes. 8. PoInsETTIA. 1. CROTON L. 1. Croton texensis (Klotzsch) Muell. Arg. In sandy soil from Ill. and Wyo. to Ala. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-Gooo ft—New Windsor; Crow Creek; Cafion City; Longmont; Boulder; La Salle. z. DITAXIS Vahl. 1. Ditaxis humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Pax. (Argythamnia humilis Muell.) On prairies from Kans. and Colo. to La. and Tex.—‘‘ Southern Colorado.” 3. TRAGIA. 1. Tragia ramosa Torr. In dry soil from Mo. and Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Boulder; Denver; Castle Rock; Larimer Co.; Arboles; Walsenburg; Trinidad; Horsetooth Gulch; Spring Cafion; gulch west of Pennock’s; Ute Creek; Pennock’s; Spring Cafion. 4. CHAMAESYCE S. F. Gray. Spurce. Leaves entire. Annuals or biennials. Plants prostrate; leaf-blades nearly orbicular. 1. C. serpens. Plants more or less ascending or erect; leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate. Capsule less than 1.5 mm. long. 2. C. revoluta. Capsule about 2 mm. long or more. Appendages of the glands conspicuous, white. 3- C. petaloidea. Appendages inconspicuous, greenish-white, or obsolete. 4. C. flagelliformis. Perennials. Leaves glabrous. Glands transversely oval; appendages fan-shaped, white, petalloid. 5. C. albomarginata. Glands oval; appendages crescent-shaped, much narrower than the gland, greenish. 6. C. Fendleri. Leaves pubescent. 7. C. lata. EUPHORBIACEAE. 223 Leaves toothed, but sometimes only at the apex. Capsule, stem and leaves glabrous. Seeds strongly transversely wrinkled. 8. C. glyptosperma. Seeds pitted or irregularly and faintly wrinkled. Seeds deeply and irregularly pitted. 9. C. rugulosa. Seeds faintly pitted or wrinkled. Leaves oblong; seeds usually with a white bloom. 10. C. serpyllifolia. Leaves linear; seeds brownish, usually without bloom. 11. C. albicaulis. Capsule, stem and leaves pubescent. 12. C. stictospora. 1. Chamaesyce serpens (H. B. K.) Small. (Euphorbia serpens H. B. K.) On prairies from Ont. and S. D. to Fla. and Ariz.; also Mex.—New Windsor, Weld Co. 2. Chamaesyce revoluta (Engelm.) Small. (E. revoluta Engelm.) On hill- sides from Tex. and Colo. to N. M.; also northern Mex.—Cafion City. 3. Chamaesyce petaloidea (Engelm.) Small. (E. petaloidea Engelm.) On prairies and hillsides, especially in sandy soils, from Iowa and Wyo. to Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Boulder; La Veta; Crow Creek; Longmont; Boulder Cafion. 4. Chamaesyce flagelliformis (Engelm.) Rydb. (E. petaloidea flagelliformis Engelm.; E. flagelliformis Engelm.) In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—“ Southwestern Colorado.” 5. Chamaesyce albomarginata (T. & G.) Small. (E. albomarginata T. & G.) In dry soil from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.—Upper Platte. 6. Chamaesyce Fendleri (T. & G.) Small. (E. Fendleri T. & G.) On dry hills, in sandy soil, from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Foot-hills near Boulder; Trinidad; Cafion City; Black’s Lake; Cedar Hills. 7. Chamaesyce lata (Engelm.) Small. (£. Jata Engelm.) On plains and prairies from Kans. and Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—“ Southwestern Colorado.” 8. Chamaesyce glyptosperma (Engelm.) Small. (E. glyptosperma Engelm.) In sandy soil from Ont. and B. C. to Tex. and Mex.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Colorado Springs; Denver; Deer Run; Cafion City; Pueblo; Boulder; Fort Collins; Manitou; New Windsor; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Miller’s ranch, between Fort Collins and La Porte; Horsetooth Gulch. g. Chamaesyce rugulosa (Engelm.) Rydb. (£. serpyllifolia rugulosa Engelm.) In sandy soil from Wyo. to N. M. and Calif—Mountains between Sunshine and Ward; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; between Porter and Durango. 1o. Chamaesyce serpyllifolia (Pers.) Small. (E. serpyllifolia Pers.) In dry soil from Mich. and Wash. to Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Antonito; Lyons; Arboles; Gunnison; Durango; Manitou; Parlin; Boulder Co.; Box Cafion west of Ouray; between Fort Collins and La Porte; Rocky Ford. 1x. Chamaesyce albicaulis Rydb. (E. albicaulis Rydb.) In old fields and sandy soil from Neb. and Mont. to N. Mex.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Foot-hills west of Fort Collins. 224 EUPHORBIACEAE. 12. Chamaesyce stictospora (Engelm.) Small. (E. stictospora Engelm.) On prairies and plains from Kans. and Colo. to Mex. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000- 7000 ft—Cafion City; Pueblo; south of Fort Collins. 5. ZYGOPHYLLIDIUM Small. 1. Zygophyllidium hexagonum (Nutt.) Small. (Euphorbia hexagona Nutt.) In river valleys from Iowa and Mont. to Tex. and Colo.—Plains near Denver. 6. DICHROPHYLLUM Kl. & Garcke. SNow-oN-THE-MOUNTAIN. 1. Dichrophyllum marginatum (Pursh) KI. & Garcke. (Euphorbia mar- ginata Pursh) In pastures from Minn. and Mont. to Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Rocky Mountains; Boulder; sources of the Platte; Fort Col- lins; New Windsor; Dry Creek, Larimer Co.; La Veta; Denver; Nepesta. 7. TITHYMALUS Kl. & Garcke. SpurcE. Leaves entire; glands of the involucres with processes. Plants perennial; processes short and blunt. Stem-leaves linear; capsule rough; seeds smooth. 1. T. Cyparissias. Stem-leaves from oblong or oblanceolate to orbicular; capsule smooth; seeds pitted. Bracts rhombic-ovate, cuspidate; stem rather slender. 2. T. montanus. Bracts rhombic-reniform, mucronate; stem stout. 3. T. robustus. Plants annual; processes of the glands long and horn-like; seeds pitted. 4. T. crenulatus. Leaves distinctly serrulate; plants annual or biennial; glands without processes. Upper stem-leaves merely sessile; bracts manifestly longer than broad. 5. T. arkansanus. Upper stem-leaves with small basal lobes; bracts mostly broader than long. 6. T. missouriensis. x. Tithymalus Cyparissias (L.) Lam. (Euphorbia Cyparissias L.) Escaped. from cultivation from Mass. and Colo. to Va.—Fort Collins. z. Tithymalus montanus (Engelm.) Small. (Euphorbia montana Engelm.) On dry hills from Colo. and Utah to Tex and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-8000 ft.— Cimarron; Buena Vista. 3. Tithymalus robustus (Engelm.) Small. (E. montana robusta Engelm.) On dry hills from Mont. and S. D. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Cimarron; Cucharas River, La Veta; Colorado Springs; Alamosa; Larimer Co.; Gunnison; Arboles; Fort Collins; Longmont; Pike’s Peak trail; Poudre River; Fort Collins; along Purgatory River; Fossil Creek; Rist Cafion; Colorado Springs. 4. Tithymalus crenulatus (Engelm.) Heller. (E. crenulata Engelm.) On hillsides from Colo. to Calif. and Ariz—Mancos; Horsetooth Gulch. 5. Tithymalus arkansanus (Engelm. & Gray) Kl. & Garcke. (EF. arkansana Engelm. & Gray) In dry soil from Mo. and S. D. to Ala. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Larimer Co.; Boulder; Horsetooth Gulch. Tithymalus arkansanus coloradensis (Norton) Rydb. Floral leaves ellip- tical—McElmo Cafion; Larimer Co. . 6. Tithymalus missouriensis (Norton) Small. (Euphorbia dictyosperma Coulter; not F. & M.; E. arkansana missouriensis Norton) In sandy soil from Iowa and Wash. to Kans. and N. M.—Denver. EUPHORBIACEAE. 225 8. POINSETTIA Graham. Spurce. Seeds not prominently tubercled; glands of the involucre 3-4; leaf-blades linear or linear-lanceolate. 1. P. cuphosperma. Seeds prominently tubercled; gland of the involucre solitary; leaf-blades ovate to lanceolate (linear-lanceolate only in one variety). 2. P. dentata. 1. Poinsettia cuphosperma (Boiss.) Small. (Euphorbia cuphosperma Boiss.) In cafions and hillsides from S. D. and Wyo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.— Alt. 5000-7000 ft—Colorado Springs; Manitou; Cafion City. 2. Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Small. (Euphorbia dentata Michx.) In moist soil from Pa. and S. D. to La., Mex. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.— Boulder; Fort Collins; New Windsor. A rare variety with nearly linear leaves.—Fort Collins. Family 79. , CALLITRICHACEAE Lindl. Warer Srarworr FamiLy. a. CALLITRICHE L. Water Starwort. 1. Callitriche palustris L. In shallow running water from N. S. and B. C. ’ to Fla. and Calif.; also Europe, Asia and S. Am.—Leroux Parks, Delta Co.; Ft. Collins; Boulder. Order 31. SAPINDALES. Low annual herbs; stamens twice as many as the sepals and petals. 80. LIMNANTHACEAE, Shrubs or trees; stamens usually as many as the petals or sepals. Stamens opposite the sepals. Plants with resiniferous tissue; fruit drupaceous; seeds without aril; leaves in ours compound. 81. SPONDIACEAE. Plants without resiniferous tissue; fruit a loculicidal capsule; seed with a fleshy aril; leaves simple. 82. CELASTRACEAE, Stamens alternate with the sepals; fruit a double samara; leaves opposite. 83. ACERACEAE. Family 80. LIMNANTHACEAE Lindl. Fatse MeRmarp Fami_y. 1. FLOERKIA Willd. Farse Mermairn. 1. Floerkia occidentalis Rydb. In wet soil from Wyo. and Wash. to Colo. and Utah.—Steamboat Springs; Gunnison Co. Family 81. SPONDIACEAE Kunth. Sumac Famiy. Drupe with glabrous outer coat; stone ribbed; plants poisonous to touch. 1. Ruus. Drupe with pubescent outer coat; stone smooth; plants not poisonous. ‘ 2. SCHMALTZIA. 1. RHUS L. Porson Oax, Porson Ivy. a. Rhus Rydbergii Small. On plains, hills and among bushes from Mont. and B. C. to Nebr. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Ft. Collins; foot-hills near Boulder. 15 226 LIMNANTHACEAE. 2. SCHMALTZIA Desv. Sumac. Leaflets 9-31; flowers appearing after the leaves. 1. S. glabra. Leaflets 1-3; flowers appearing before the leaves. z. S. trilobata. 1. Schmaltzia glabra (L.) Small. (Rhus glabra L.) Along streams, in thickets and on hills from N. S. and B. C. to Fla. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-6ooo ft.—Cheyenne Cafion, near Pike’s Peak; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; vicinity of Arthur’s Rock; gulch west of Pennock’s. 2, Schmaltzia trilobata (Nutt.) Small. (Rhus trilobata Nutt.) On dry hills from Ass. and Wash. to Mo., Tex. and Calif.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—Boulder; Colorado Springs; Buena Vista; Trinidad; southeast of La Veta; Manitou; Ft. Collins; Cedar Hills; along Poudre; Rist Cafion; Horse- tooth Gulch; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Spring Cafion; Howe’s Gulch. Family 82. CELASTRACEAE Lindl. Strarr-TRee Famity. Petals, sepals and stamens 4; ovary 2-celled; each cell with 2 ovules; depressed or trailing evergreen shrubs, not spiny. 1, PacHYSTIMA. Petals and sepals 5; stamens 5-10; ovary 1-celled with 2 ovules; small erect shrubs with angled, green, often spinescent branches. 2, FORSELLESIA. 1, PACHYSTIMA Raf. 1. Pachystima Myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. In woods from Mont. and B. C. to N. M. and Calif—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; near Empire; Mt. Ouray; Crystal Creek; East and West Indian Creek; near La Plata Post Office; Steamboat Springs; Glenwood Springs; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; west and southeast of Ouray; Rico; Big Creek Gulch, Routt Co.; Trapper’s Lake; Black Cafion of Gunnison; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co. ; mountains near Silverton; bank of Fish Creek; Hematite. 2. FORSELLESIA. Greene. Stamens 5-7. 1. F. meionandra. Stamens ro. 2. F. spinescens. 1. Forsellesia meionandra (Koehne) Heller. (Glossopetalon meionandrum Koehne) In arid regions of southern Colorado. Exact location not given. 2. Forsellesia spinescens (A. Gray) Greene. (Glossopetalon spinescens A. Gray) In desert regions from Ore. to Tex. and Calif.—Grand Junction; Hovensweep Castle (Brandegee). Family 83. ACERACEAE J..St. Hil. Mapre Famity. Leaves with simple or rarely digitately divided blades; flowers polygamo-dioecious. 1. ACER. Leaves with pinnately compound blades; flowers dioecious. 2. Rurac. 1. ACER L. Map te. Flowers polygamous in racemes or corymbs; petals and sepals both present; disk well developed; lobes of the leaves toothed. 1. A. glabrum. Flowers monoecious, in umbels; petals lacking; lobes of the leaves sinuate. 2. A. grandidentatum. ACERACEAE. 227 1. Acer glabrum Torr. In cajions, on hillsides and along streams, from W. Neb. and Wyo. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Hinsdale Co.; Pike’s Peak; near Pagosa Peak; near La Plata Post Office; Idaho Springs; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; South Cheyenne Cajfion; Colorado Springs; Wahatoya Cafion; Ute Pass; southeast of Ouray; along Uncompahgre River near Ouray; Rist Cafion; Dillon Cafion; gulch west of Pennock’s; hills northwest of Soldier Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; Baxter’s ranch; Big Narrows on Poudre; Ft. Collins; Dolores; North Poudre River; Campton’s ranch; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Redstone; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Eldora to Baltimore. z. Acer grandidentatum Nutt. In wooded valleys and cafions from Mont. to Tex. and Ariz—Pike’s Peak. 2. RULAC Adans. Box-ELper, ASH-LEAVED MAPLE. Twigs and petioles essentially glabrous; leaflets thin, coarsely toothed. 1. R. Negundo. Twigs and petioles copiously pubescent; leaflets thick, lobed. 2. R. texana. 1. Rulac Negundo (L.) Hitche. (Acer Negundo L.; Negundo aceroides Moench.) In low ground and along streams from Vt. and Ida. to Fla. and Tex.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft-—South Cheyenne Cafion; Colorado Springs. 2. Rulac texanum (Pax.) Small. (Acer texanum Pax.) Along rivers from Sask. and Mont. to Mo. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-8500 ft—Southeast of Ouray; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ft. Collins; Walsenburg; Cache la Poudre; foot-hills near Boulder. Order 32. RHAMNALES. Sepals manifest; petals involute; fruit capsular or drupaceous; ours shrubs or trees. 84. FRANGULACEAE. Sepals minute or obsolete; petals valvate; fruit a berry; ours vines with tendrils. 85. VITACEAE. Family 84. FRANGULACEAE DC. Bucxtuorn FamIity. Fruit pulpy; petals small, clawless or wanting; stigmas usually z. . 1. RHAMNUS. Fruit dry; petals hooded and long-clawed; stigmas 3. 2. CEANOTHUS. 1. RHAMNUS L. BucxtHorn. Leaves broadly elliptic or ovate; flowers solitary in the axils; carpels 3 or 4. 1. R. cathartica. Leaves lanceolate; flowers 2 or 3 in each axil; carpels 2. 2. R. Smithii. 1. Rhamnus cathartica L. Cultivated for hedges and escaped; native of Europe.—Ft. Collins. 2. Rhamnus Smithii Greene. Along streams in Colo. and N. Mex.—Alt. about 7000 ft.—Pagosa Springs. 2. CEANOTHUS L. New Jersey Tea. ° Leaf-blades rounded-oval, often cordate at the base, very shining above; closely glandular-dentate. 1. C. velutinus. Leaf-blades oblong to elliptic or ovate, glandular-serrate or sub-entire. 228 FRANGULACEAE. Umbels mostly terminal; leaves dull beneath, glabrate or villous. z. C. pubescens. Umbels mostly axillary; leaves silky beneath. Leaf-blades distinctly glandular-serrate; plant not spiny. 3. C. subsericeus. Leaf-blades obsoletely denticulate or entire; branches often ending in spines. 4. C. Fendleri. 1. Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. On hillsides from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 6000-7000 ft.—Headwaters of Clear Creek; near Empire; Steamboat Springs; Walton Creek; Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Sheephorn Divide; between Pallas and Sydney; Poudre Cafion; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Pinkham Creek; Beaver Creek. z. Ceanothus pubescens (T. & G.) Rydb. (C. ovatus pubescens T. & G.) In sandy soil from Mich. and S. D. to Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Colorado Springs; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Horsetooth Mountain; Monument; Boulder. 3. Ceanothus subsericeus Rydb. Foot-hills of Colo—Alt. about 6000 ft.— Larimer Co. 4. Ceanothus Fendleri A. Gray. In woods and on hillsides from S. D. and Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Denver to Idaho Springs; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Mancos; Pagosa Springs; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Boulder; west of Ouray; Mt. Harvard; southeast of Ouray; Rist Cafion; vicinity of Arthur’s Rock, Lari- mer Co.; Leroux Creek; Horsetooth Gulch; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Horsetooth Mountain; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. Family 85. VITACEAE Lindl. Grape Famity. Hypogynous disk present; leaf-blades simple. 1. VITIS. Hypogynous disk wanting or obsolete; leaf-blades digitately 5—7-foliolate. z. PARTHENOCISSUS. 1. VITIS L. Grapes. 1. Vitis vulpina L. (Vitis riparia Michx.) Along streams from N. B. and N. D. to W. Va., Tex. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Walsenburg; Dixon Cafion, Larimer Co.; Ft. Collins; banks of Cache la Poudre; Rist Cafion; gulch west of Pennock’s; Boulder. 2. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. Vircinra CREEPER, AMERICAN Ivy, Aerial rootlets present; tendrils with disks. a. P. quinquefolia. Aerial rootlets lacking; tendrils without disks. z. P. laciniata. 1. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. In woods and on banks from Que. and Man. to Fla. and Tex.—Reported from Colorado (Meehan), but doubtful. 2. Parthenocissus vitacea Hitche. (P. quinquefolia laciniata Planch.; P. lacinata Small) On river banks and in woods from Mich. and Wyo. to Ohio and Ariz—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Cheyenne Cafion; Ft. Collins; North Cheyenne Cafion; Golden; vicinity of Arthur’s Rock; near Boulder. MALVACEAE. 229 Order 33. MALVALES. Family 86. MALVACEAE Neck. Mattiow Famity. Style-branches filiform, longitudinally stigmatose anteriorly; carpels numerous, indehiscent, containing a single ovule and a reniform seed. Stamens simply monadelphous; flowers involucelled. Petals notched at the apex; carpels beakless without internal processes. 1. Matva. Petals erose at the apex; carpels beaked, with an internal process above the seed. 2. CALLIRRHOE, Stamens united in a double series; flowers without involucels. 3. SIDALCEA. Style-branches terminated by a capitate stigma. Lower seed at least from an ascending ovule; calyx more or less bractioled. Ovule and seed solitary, conformed to the rounded cavity of the carpel. 4. MALVASTRUM. Ovules 1-3 and seeds 1-2; the cells of the carpels more or less extended and empty above. 5. SPHAERALCEA. Lower seed at least resupinate-pendulous; no involucels under the calyx, or these represented by 1-3 setaceous bractlets. Carpels 1-ovuled, the cell filled with “the seed. 6. Srpa. Carpels 3-9-ovuled, dehiscent apically and dorsally. 7. ABUTILON. 1. MALVA L. Ma tow. Calyx not reflexed in fruit. Plant erect; leaves crisp. 1. M. crispa. Plant procumbent; leaves not crisp. 2. M. rotundifolia. Calyx large, reflexed-spreading in fruit. 3. M. parviflora. 1. Malva crispa L. In waste places, escaped from gardens, from N. S. and S. D. to N. J. and Colo.—Ft. Collins. 2. Malva rotundifolia L. In waste places, naturalized from Europe; from Mass. and Minn. to Ga. and Utah.—Alt. up to 7500 ft—North of La Veta; Hotchkiss; near Boulder; Denver. : 3. Malva parviflora L. In waste places, naturalized from Europe; from Mont. and B. C. to Fla., Tex. and Calif—Hotchkiss. 2. CALLIRRHOE Nutt. Poppy Mattiow. 1. Callirrhoe involucrata (T. & G.)_ A. Gray. On plains and in sandy soil from Mo. and Wyo. to Tex. and Utah.—Ft. Collins; Cheyenne Cafion; Yuma; Cclorado Springs. 3. SIDALCEA A. Gray. Inflorescence and calyx densely stellate; corolla cream-colored. : a. S. candida. Inflorescence and calyx sparingly hirsute; corolla purple or white. 2. S. neo-mesxicana. 1. Sidalcea candida A. Gray. Along streams and in wet meadows from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 7000-13,000 ft—Lake City; La Veta; Steam- boat Springs; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Grizzly Creek; Cameron Pass; above Dix Post Office; Wahatoya Creek; West Spanish Peak; Cucharas Valley; Michigan Hill. 230 MALVACEAE. 2. Sidalcea neo-mexicana A. Gray. (S. malvaefolia of Coult. Man.) In mountain valleys from Wyo. and Utah to N. M. arid southern Calif.; also Sonora.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Pitkin; La Veta; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Grizzly Creek; Marshall Pass; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Sangre de Cristo Creek; Piedra; valley of Arkansas; Calhan; Buena Vista; Bear River, Routt Co.; North Park; Soda Spring near north fork of the Platte; Bear River at Steamboat Springs; Grizzly Creek 16 miles north of Walden; Elk River. 4. MALVASTRUM A. Gray. Fartse MALLow. Plant canescent with stellate hairs; leaves 3-5-divided with 2-3-cleft divisions. Plant low, 1-2 dm. high; middle segment of the leaves slightly longer than the others; raceme crowded. 1. M. coccineum. Plant tall, 3-4 dm. high; middle segment of the leaves usually half longer than the others; raceme elongated. 2. M. elatum. Plant lepidote and silvery with scale-like peltate hairs; leaves 3-parted with nar- rowly linear divisions or the upper simple and filiform. 3. M. leptophyllum. 1. Malvastrum coccineum (Pursh) A. Gray. On plains and in sandy valleys from Sask. and Ore. to Iowa, Tex. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Ft. Col- lins; Cimarron; Deer River; Manitou; Cafion City; Arboles; Cucharas River below La Veta; Sangre de Cristo Creek; mesas near Pueblo; Trinidad; along Platte River, Denver; Mancos; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Rocky Ford; Montrose; Lamar; Quimby; Ouray; Horsetooth Gulch; Grand Junction; Colorado City. 2. Malvastrum elatum (Baker) A. Nelson. (M. coccineum elatum Baker) In dry valleys from southern Colo. and Utah to N. Mex.—Salida. 3. Malvastrum leptophyllum A. Gray. In dry places from western Texas to southern Utah.— Valley of San Juan and La Plata (Brandegee) ; McElmo Creek (Eastwood). 5. SPHAERALCEA St. Hil. GLospe-MALLow. Carpels glabrous or canescent, not hirsute, lower part reticulated; leaves small, not maple-like. Leaves lanceolate; fruit not depressed; carpels with cusp. 1. S. cuspidata. Leaves round-ovate to reniform in outline; fruit depressed globose; carpels not cuspidate-tipped. 2. S. marginata. Carpels thin, hirsute, the lower portion not reticulate; leaves large, maple-like. Sepals lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; bractlets subulate, three-fourths as long as the sepals or more. 3. A. Crandallii, Sepals broadly triangular-ovate; bractlets scarcely more than half as long as the sepals. Calyx and pedicels finely stellate; bractlets subulate; petals 2-2.5 cm. long. 4. A. rivularis. Calyx and pedicels hirsute with branched hairs; bractlets lanceolate; petals 3 cm. or more long. 5. A. grandiflora. 1. Sphaeralcea cuspidata (A. Gray) Britton. (S. angustifolia cuspidata A. Gray; S. stellata T. & G.; Sida stellata Torr.; not Cav.) In dry ground from Kans and Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also Sonora.—Cafion City; Pueblo; Rocky Ford. 2. Sphaeralcea marginata York. (Malvastrum Munroanum S. Wats., in part; not Malva Mumnroana Dougl.) In dry places in western Colo. and northern N. M.—AIt. up to 6000 ft—McElmo Cafion; Grand Junction. MALVACEAE. 231 3. Sphaeralcea Crandallii Rydb. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft.— Steamboat Springs. 4. Sphaeralcea rivularis (Hook.) Torr. (Malva rivularis Hook.; Sphaeral- cea acerifolia Nutt.) Along streams from Alb. and B. C. to S. D., Colo. and Nev.—Four-Mile Hill, Routt Co.; Ragged Mountain, Gunnison Co.; Buffalo Pass; Park Range; Fish Creek Falls. 5. Sphaeralcea grandiflora Rydb. Mountains of Colo.—Alt. 7000-go00 ft.— Mesa Verde; west of Ouray. 6. SIDA L. 1. Sida sagittaefolia (A. Gray) Rydb. (Sida lepidota sagittaefolia A. Gray) Plains from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—‘ Southern - Colorado.” 7. ABUTILON Gaertn. VELveT-LeaF, INDIAN MALLow. 1. Abutilon parvulum A. Gray. In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz. —Cafion City. Order 34. HYPERICALES. Styles wanting; stigma introrse; ours small water-plants. 87. ELATINACEAE. Styles present; stigmas capitate or nearly so. Styles in ours distinct. Sepals persistent, united into a tube; leaves not pellucid-dotted. 88. FRANKENIACEAE, Sepals distinct; leaves pellucid-dotted. 89. HyPERICACEAE. Styles wholly united. Corolla regular or nearly so; stamens 8. go. CISTACEAE. Corolla irregular; one petal spurred; stamens 5. 91. VIOLACEAE. Family 87. ELATINACEAE Lindl. Warer-worr Famity. 1. ELATINE L. Warter-wort, Mup PursLane. Leaves oblanceolate; flowers usually 3-merous. 1. E. triandra. Leaves obovate; flowers 2-merous. 2. E. americana. i. Elatine triandra Schkur. In shallow water from Ills. and Wyo. to Colo. —Platte River. 2. Elatine americana Arn. In mud and shallow water from Que. and B. C. to Va., Colo. and Calif—Platte River. Family 88. FRANKENIACEAE. 1. FRANKENIA L. _ 1. Frankenia Jamesii Torr. On saline plains from Colo. to Tex. and Son- ora.—Bluffs about Pueblo; Rocky Ford, Otero Co.; Cafion City. Family 89. HYPERICACEAE Lindl. Sr. Joun’s Wort Famity. 1. HYPERICUM L. Sr. Joun’s Wort. Petals more than twice as long as the sepals; both usually margined with black glands. 1. H. formosum. Petals slightly exceeding the sepals; black glands none. 2. H. majus. 232 HYPERICACEAE. 1. Hypericum formosum H. B. K. On hillsides and mountain valleys from Colo. and Utah to Mex. and S. Calif.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—South Park; Pagosa Springs; Colorado Springs; Mancos; Elk River, Garfield Co.; Mar- shall Pass; near Manitou, El Paso Co.; Chambers’ Lake; Wahatoya Creek; Gypsum .Creek Cafion; Poudre Cafion. ; 2. Hypericum majus (A. Gray) Britton. In wet meadows from Me. and B. C. to N. J. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6o00 ft—Foot-hills, near Boulder. Family 90. CISTACEAE Lindl. Rock-Rose Fami_y. 1. HELIANTHEMUM Pers. FRosTWwEED. 1. Helianthemum majus (L.) B. S. P. (H. canadense Walkerae Evans) On hillsides from N. S. and S. D. to N. C. and Colo—Douglas County. Family 91. VIOLACEAE DC. Vio.er Famiy. Sepals more or less auricled at base. 1. VIOLA. Sepals not auricled at base. 2. CALCEOLARIA. 1. VIOLA L. VIOLET. Acaulescent ; flowers scapose. Plant stoloniferous, at least so after the flowering period. Flowers pale blue or lilac. 1. V. palustris. Flowers white. : Upper and lateral petals twice as long as broad; petioles not red-spotted. Leaves ovate, pointed, green; lateral petals veined with purple. z. V. blanda. Leaves reniform, not pointed, glaucous; lateral petals not veined. 3. V. Macloskeyi. Upper and lateral petals three times as long as broad; petioles and scapes red-spotted. 4. V. LeConteana. Plant not stoloniferous; flowers blue. Leaf-blades divided into linear lobes. 5. V. pedatifida. Leaf-blades entire. Blade strongly decurrent upon the petiole; cleistogenes horizontal. 6. V. retusa. Blade not decurrent; cleistogenes erect or ascending. Sepals lanceolate, pointed; leaves herbaceous. 7. V. cognata. Sepals oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved; leaves subcoriaceous. ‘ 8. V. nephrophylla. Caulescent, leafy-stemmed. Flowers yellow or tinged with brown. Stems short or subacaulescent at flowering time. Leaf-blades pedately divided into narrow segments; petals tinged with brown beneath. 9g. V. Sheltonii. Leaf-blades entire or merely toothed. Blades lanceolate, tapering to a margined petiole, pubescent. to. V. Nuttallii. Blades ovate to oblong-ovate, scarcely or not at all tapering to the petiole. 11. V. linguaefolia, Stems erect or ascending, bearing scattered long-petioled orbicular leaves. 12. V. biflora. Flowers blue, purple or white. Flowers white or tinged with purple beneath. 13. V. canadensis. Flowers blue. Plant rough-pubescent, 1-2 dm. high. 14. V. retroscabra. Plant glabrous, 2-6 cm. high. 15. V. bellidifolia. VIOLACEAE. 233 1. Viola plustris L. Wet soil, Lab. and Alaska to N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. 8500-10,000 ft.—Grayback mining camps; Beaver Creek; banks of Michigan River; Eldora to Baltimore. z. Viola blanda Willd. Swamps and wet meadows, Newf. and B. C. to N. C. and Utah—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Caribou; headwaters of Clear Creek; Columbine. 3. Viola Macloskeyi F. E. Lloyd. Subalpine situations, Mont. and Ore. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 9000 ft—North Park, Larimer Co. 4. Viola LeConteana G. Don. (V. blanda amoena LeConte) Moist wood- lands, N. S. and Ida. to N. C. and Colo.—Alt. about gooo ft—Chicken Creek. 5. Viola pedatifida G. Don. Prairies, Ill. to B. C. and Ariz—Alt. about 8000 ft-—Wahatoya Cafion. 6. Viola retusa Greene. Woodlands and meadows, S. D. to Kans. and Colo. —Alt. about 5000 ft—New Windsor; Ft. Collins; Timnath, Larimer Co. 7. Viola cognata Greene. Wet meadows, Alb. and S. D. to N. M.,, Ariz., Utah and Calif—Alt 5000-10,000 ft—Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; West Indian Creek; Cucharas Valley near La Veta; Timnath, Larimer Co.; Lake City; Ft. Collins; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 8. Viola nephrophylla Greene. Meadows and thickets, Ida. and Wyo. to Colo., Ariz. and Nev.—Los Pinos. g. Viola Sheltonii Torr. Western Colo. to Calif—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Grand Mesa; Cerro Summit. 1o. Viola Nuttallii Pursh. Prairies, plains and foot-hills, Man. and Mont. to Mo., N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Walsenburg; southeast of La Veta; Cucaras Valley and river near La Veta; Ft. Collins; southwest of La Veta; Rist Cafion, Larimer Co.; New Windsor, Weld Co.; plains near Den- ver; Grand Mesa; plains and foot-hills near Boulder. 11. Viola linguaefolia Nutt. (V. vallicola A. Nels.; V. physalodes Greene) Foot-hills and mountains, N. D. and Mont. to Colo. and Utah—Alt. up to 7000 ft—Between Meeker and Craig; mountains east of Steamboat Springs; Minturn, Eagle Co.; Cimarron; Dixon Creek; Trinidad. 12. Viola biflora L. Mountains of Colo.; also in Europe and Asia.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Jack Brook; headwaters of Clear Creek and alpine ridges east of Middle Park; Argentine Pass; Eldora to Baltimore. 13. Viola canadensis L. The typical V. canadensis of the east is repre- sented in Colorado by the following subspecies: Viola canadensis Rydbergii (Greene) House. (V. Rydbergii Greene) Radical leaves subreniform, as broad as long or broader, on elongated petioles ; pubescent at least on the veins beneath. Rocky Mountains, Alb. and Ida. to S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Ouray; Van Boxle’s ranch above Ci- marron; near Pagosa Peak; Mancos; Steamboat Springs; gulch of Bear River, Routt Co.; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Ft. Collins; Apex; Villa Grove; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Rico; Boulder. Viola canadensis neo-mexicana (Greene) House. (V. neo-mexicana Greene) Southern Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 7500-12,000 ft.—Idaho Springs; Wahatoya Cafion; Mt. Abram; about Ouray; Rico; Eldora to Baltimore. . 234 VIOLACEAE. Viola canadensis scopulorum A. Gray. (V. scopulorum Greene) Colo. and N. M. Low, tufted and spreading, more or less pubescent; the stipules very large, scarious.—Horsetooth Gulch, 14. Viola retroscabra Greene. Mountains, Colo. and N. M. to southern Calif.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Grayback mining camps; Cerro Summit; Cameron Pass; Cimarron; Mancos; along Uncompahgre River near Ouray; Brecken- ridge; Bob Creek; West Indian Creek; Pagosa Springs; Minturn, Eagle Co.; mountain near Veta Pass; Chambers’ Lake; mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co. 15. Viola bellidifolia Greene. High mountains, Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 8000- 12,000 ft—Marshall Pass; Slide Rock Cafion, West La Plata Mountains; Alpine Tunnel; Bob Creek Divide; Graymont;:-Cameron Pass; Columbine; mountains of Estes Park; Chambers’ Lake; Red Mountain; Gunnison; source of Leroux, Delta Co.; Eldora to Baltimore; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co.; Rabbit-Ear Range, Routt Co. z CALCEOLARIA Loefl. Nopprnec VIOLET. 1. Calceolaria verticillaria (Ortega) Kuntze. (lonidium polygalaefolium Vent.; Iontdium lineare Torr.) Plains, Colo. and Kans. to Tex., Ariz. and Mex.—Brantly Cafion, Las Animas Co.; Cafion City. Order 35. OPUNTIALES. Sepals and petals 4 or 5 very unlike ;* leaves ample; plants erect, not succulent, with rigid hairs. 92. LOASACEAE. Sepals and petals nearly alike, at least the latter numerous; leaves typically and in all ours mere scales or wanting; succulent plants armed with spines. 93. CACTACEAE. Family 92. LOASACEAE Reichenb. Loasa Famity. Placentae with horizontal lamellae between the seeds; these in two rows, flat, more or less winged. 1. TOUTEREA. Placentae without lamellae; seeds usually prismatic. Placentae slender, filiform; ovules in one row, 10-40; seeds minutely muricate, not striate; filaments free or nearly so. 2. ACROLASIA, Placentae broad, band-like; ovules in 1-2 rows, few; seeds distinctly striate, often rugose; filaments at the base united with the petals into a ring. 3. MENTZELIA. 1. TOUTEREA Eat. & Wright. Upper leaves entire. 1. T. multicaulis. All leaves pinnatifid, lobed or toothed. Petals obtuse, spatulate, 1-2 cm. long. z. T. multiflora. Petals acute. Petals greenish-yellow; seeds irregularly angled on the face. 3. T. lutea. Petals golden yellow to straw color; seeds not angular on the face. Petals golden yellow, about 2 cm. long or less. Low, less than 3 dm. high; leaves less than 6 cm. long. Seeds merely margined. 4. T. chrysantha, Seeds winged. * Many species of Touterea have petaloid staminodia of which the outer 5 sometimes are as broad as the petals and resemble them, LOASACEAE, 235 Leaves sinuately dentate or crenate; the lower oblanceolate-spatu- late; the upper ovate-lanceolate. 5. T. integra. Leaves mostly pinnately lobed; lobes of the leaves ‘narrow, linear or lanceolate. 6. T. densa. Tall, usually 4 dm. or more high; leaves often 1 dm. long. Leaves divided to near the base into linear-oblong or lanceolate narrow lobes. ° 7. T. laciniata. Leaves sinuate or lobed half-way to the midrib or less; lobes triangu- ° lar or ovate or broader. Plant erect; leaves tapering at the base, acutely lobed. 8. T. speciosa. Plant ascending or decumbent; leaves sinuately round-lobed, at least the upper cuneate or rounded at the base. 9. T. sinuata. Petals straw-color. Outer filaments dilated; petals 2-3 cm. long. ; Petals about 2 cm. long; upper leaves with broad bases, long-acuminate. to. T. Rusbyi. Petals about 3 cm. long; none of the leaves broad at the base. Plant branched below; flowers subtended by single entire bracts. 11. T. nuda. Plants simple below; flowers subtended by several toothed bracts. 12. T. stricta. Filaments all filiform; petals 4-5 cm. long. 13. T. decapetala. 1. Touterea multicaulis Osterhout. On plains of Colo.—Wolcott, Eagle Co. 2. Touterea multiflora (Nutt.) Rydb. (Mentzelia multifora A. Gray) On dry plains from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also Mex.—Alt. 7000-9000 ft.— Salida; Platte Cafion; Pine Grove; Artist Glen; Palmer Lake; Grayback mining camp and Placer Gulch. 3. Touterea lutea (Greene) Rydb. (Mentzelia lutea Greene) In dry soil in Colo.—Cafion City. 4. Touterea chrysantha (Engelm.) Rydb. (MM. chrysantha Engelm.) On hills, mesas and cafions from Colo. and Utah to Ariz.—Cafion City. 5. Touterea integra (Jones) Rydb. (Mentzelia multiflora integra Jones) In arid soil of southern Utah and southwestern Colo.—Mesa across Gunni- son from Grand Junction. 6. Touterea densa (Greene) Rydb. (M. densa Greene) In gulches and cafions and on dry table-land of Colo. and N. M.—AIt. 7000-go00 ft.—Cafion City; Salida; Gunnison; gulch west of Palmer Lake; Smith’s Fork Cafion, Delta Co.; Hotchkiss. 7. Touterea laciniata Rydb. On plains and in cafions of Colo.—Alt. 5000- 7000 ft—Durango; Pagosa Springs; Cafion City; Antonito. 8 Touterea speciosa Osterh. (Mentzelia speciosa Osterh.) On hills and in dry valleys from Wyo. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft-—Estes Park, Larimer Co.; west of Loveland, Larimer Co.; Veta Pass; Idaho Springs; near Boulder; near Badito, between La Veta and Gardner; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Ute Pass; Dillon Cafion; Livermore; Arthur’s Rock; Dixon Cafion; between Sunshine and Ward; Ft. Collins. g. Touterea sinuata Rydb. In cafions of Colorado.—Boulder. ro, Touterea Rusbyi (Wooton) Rydb. (Mentzelia Rusby: Wooton) On plains and in valleys from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 5000-7000 ft.— Wolcott; Glenwood Springs; Durango; Black Cafion; between Porter and Durango; Salida Cafion. 236 LOASACEAE. 11. Touterea nuda (Nutt.) Eat. & Wr. (Mentzelia nuda Nutt.) On plains and hillsides from western Neb. and Wyo. to Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Livermore, Larimer Co.; gulch west of Pennock’s; Platte Cafion; valley of upper Arkansas River; Boulder. 12. Touterea stricta Osterh. (Hesperaster strictus Osterh.) On plains, hillsides and dry valleys from western Neb. and Wyo. to Kans. and Tex.— Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Colorado Springs; New Windsor, Weld Co.; Ft. Collins; near Manitou; Denver; Arboles; Pueblo; along the Poudre; Spring Cafion, Lyons; Boulder. 13. Touterea decapetala (Pursh) Rydb. (Bartonia decapetala Pursh; Mentzelia ornata Pursh) In cafions from S. Dak. and Alb. to Tex. and Nev. —Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Ft. Collins; west of Loveland; Huerfano Valley, near Gardner; near Boulder. 2, ACROLASIA. Sepals lanceolate-subulate, half as long as the petals or longer, acute; seed rather strongly muriculate. Leaves ovate in outline, entire or merely coarsely toothed. a. A, latifolia. Leaves lanceolate in outline; stem-leaves, except the uppermost, pinnately divided or lobed. Petals 5-7 mm. long, about twice as long as the sepals. Leaves divided to near the midrib with ascending lobes; plant erect. z. A. gracilis. Leaves divided 1%4-% to the midrib, with divergent lobes; plant ascend- ing or diffuse. 3. A. ctenophora. Petals 2-4 mm. long. 4. A. albicaulis. Sepals linear-oblong, obtusish, only % as long as the petals, which are 3-4 mm. long; seeds minutely muriculate (tubercles seen only by very strong magnifications) ; leaves entire or dentate; the upper broadly ovate. Tall, 3-5 dm. high; capsules 2-3 cm. long; lower leaves lanceolate or linear- lanceolate, some of them usually toothed. 5. A. dispersa. Low, less than 2 dm. high; capsules 12-15 mm. long; leaves all ovate, entire. 6. A. compacta. 1. Acrolasia latifolia Rydb. On hillsides in Colo.—AIt. 6000-8000 ft.— Boulder; between Sunshine and Ward; Larimer County. 2. Acrolasia gracilis Rydb. (Trachyphytum gracilis Nutt.) In sandy soil from Wyo. and Ore. to Colo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; mesas near Pueblo; Salida; Tobe Miller’s ranch. 3. Acrolasia ctenophora Rydb. On dry hills and on railroad banks in southern Colo.—Alt. 6000-7000 ft.—Walsenburg;’ Cucharas River below La Veta. 4. Acrolasia albicaulis (Dougl.) Rydb. (Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl.) On sandy soil from Neb., Mont. and B. C. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft. —Mesa, Gunnison River; Hotchkiss; Rist Cafion; near Boulder; Los Pinos; Mancos; Glenwood Springs; Sunset Cafion. 5. Acrolasia integrifolia (S. Wats.) Rydb. (MM. albicaulis integrifolia S. Wats.; M. dispersa S. Wats.) In sandy soil from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 6000-7000 ft—Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co.; Horsetooth Gulch. ; 6. Acrolasia compacta (A. Nels.) Rydb. (M. compacta A. Nels.) In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo.—Steamboat Springs. LOASACEAE. 237 3. MENTZELIA L. 1. Mentzelia oligosperma Nutt. On dry prairies, plains and hills from S. D. and Colo. to La. and Tex.; also in Mex.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; southwest of Soldier Cafion. Family 93. CACTACEAE H. B. K. Cactus Famity. Stems continuous or not conspicuously jointed; leaves obsolete; spines not barbed; spine-bearing and flower-bearing areolas distinct. Flowers not arising from the tubercles, but from their axils; ovary naked. 1. CACTUS. Flowers arising from the tubercles or ribs; ovary scaly. Flowers nearly terminal, i. e., arising near the areolas which later develop spines; stem never jointed. ; 2. ECHINOCACTUS. Flowers lateral, i. e., arising near the fully developed spine-bearing areolas. 3. ECHINOCEREUS. Stems conspicuously jointed; leaves evident, but deciduous; spines barbed; flowers arising from spine-bearing areolas. 4. OPUNTIA. 1. CACTUS L. Batt-cactus. Central spine usually solitary; corolla greenish. Plant simple or nearly so; central spine robust, porrect. 1. C. missouriensis. Plant cespitose; central spine often lacking. 2. C. similis. Central spines 3-12; petals purple. Plant usually cespitose, depressed-globose; central spines 3-4. 3. C. viviparus. Plant usually simple, ovate to cylindric; central spines 4-12 (rarely 3). 4. C. radiosus. 1. Cactus missouriensis (Sweet) Kuntze. (Mamillaria missouriensis Sweet) On dry plains and hills from S. D. and Mont. to Kans. and Colo.— Como. z. Cactus similis (Engelm.) Rydb. (Mamillaria similis Engelm.; M. missouriensis caespitosa S. Wats.) On dry hills from Kans. and Colo. to Tex.—“ Colorado” (Greene). 3. Cactus viviparus Nutt. (Mamillaria vivipara Haw.) On dry hills and plains from Neb. and Mont. to Colo.—Ft. Collins. 4. Cactus radiosus (Engelm.) Coulter. On plains from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. In Colorado it is only represented by the var. neo- mexicanus (Engelm.) Coulter, lower than the type and with more numerous central spines.—‘‘ Colorado”; Ft. Collins; Hermosa. 2. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto. HepcEHoG-THISTLE, CACTUS. Stems with tubercles, resembling Cactus in habit. Radiating spines 8-9; central ones 1-3. 1. E. glaucus. 2 Radiating spines about 20; central ones 8-10. 2. E. Simpsoni. Stems with definite ridges, scarcely tubercled. 3. E. Whipple. 1. Echinocactus glaucus K. Sch. In dry places in Colo.—Alt. about 6000 ft—Mesa Grande on Dry Creek; Gunnison. z. Echinocactus Simpsoni Engelm. (Mamillaria Simpsoni M. E. Jones; M. Purpusi K. Sch.) On dry table-lands of Utah and Colo.—Alt. 7500-11,000 ft.—Clear Creek, Sangre de Cristo Pass; Veta Pass; Veta Mountain; Empire; Dolores. 238 CACTACEAE. 3. Echinocactus Whipplei Engelm. & Big. On dry plains from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz. In Colorado has only been found the var. spinosior Engelm. with more numerous, 9-11, radiating spines—La Plata Valley; Mesa Verde. 3. ECHINOCEREUS Engelm. CErreEus. Ribs about 13; corolla greenish or yellowish. 1. E. viridiflorus. Ribs 5-12; corolla red or purple. Plant light green; corolla violet-purple; central spine 1, terete, nearly black, curved above. 2. E. Fendleri. Plant dark green; corolla scarlet (except perhaps in the first). Ribs 5-7. Central spine 0; radiating ones 3-5, almost terete. 3. E. paucispinus. Central spine 8 cm. long, angled and grooved; radiating ones 6-8, strongly angled. 4. EB. gonacanthus. Ribs 9-11. Central spines all terete; flowers 4-6 cm. long, usually yellowish inside. 5. E. aggregatus. Lower central spines quadrangular; flowers 8-10 cm. long. 6. E. Roemeri. 1. Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm. (Cereus viridiflorus Engelm.) On high plains and hills from Wyo. to Tex. and N. M.—AIt. 5000-8000 ft—Tobe Miller’s ranch; Veta Mountain; Manitou; Colorado Springs; near Boulder. z. Echinocereus Fendleri (Engelm.) Riimpl. (Cereus Fendlert Engelm.) On dry plains from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. So. Colorado.” 3. Echinocereus paucispinus (Engelm.) Rimpl. (Cereus paucispinus Engelm.) On rocks and limestone hills from Tex. to Colo.—Durango, 4. Echinocereus gonacanthus (Engelm. & Big.) Lehm. (Cereus gona- canthus Engelm. & Big.) On sandy bluffs in Colo. and N. M.—Florence; Arboles. 5. Echinocereus aggregatus (Engelm.) Rydb. (Mamillaria aggregata En- gelm.; Cereus phoeniceus Engelm.) On plains and hillsides from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.; also in Mex.—Alt. 5000-7500 ft—La Veta; Badito. 6. Echinocereus Roemeri (Muhlenf.) Rydb. (Cereus Roemeri Muhlenf.; C. conoideus Big.) On plains from Colo. (?) to N. M. and Calif—* So. Colorado.” 4. OPUNTIA Mill. Prickty PEar. Internodes of stem short, more or less flattened. Internodes of the stem oval or orbicular, decidedly flattened. Fruit fleshy and juicy, spineless or nearly so. Spines none, or a solitary strong one reflexed and 1-2 small ones at its base, all white or gray. 1. O. mesacantha. Spines 1-8, not very unlike in length. Spines not twisted. Spines 1-3, browriish; internodes orbicular or obovate, 11-15 cm. wide. z. O. camanchica. Spines 5-7, white or gray; internodes oblong, 5 cm. long and 3.5 em. wide. 3. O. Schweriniana. Spines twisted, 3-5, white; internodes 13-17 cm. long and about as wide. 4. O. tortispina. Fruit dry and usually with spine-bearing areolas. Corolla yellow. 5. O. polyacantha. Corolla red. CACTACEAE. 239 Filament red; fruit very prickly. 6. O. rhodantha. Filaments yellow; fruit scarcely prickly. 7. O. xanthostemma. Internodes oblong or nearly cylindrical, turgid and nearly terete, easily break- ing off, 2-4 cm. long. 8. O. fragilis. Internodes of stem elongated, cylindric or prismatic. Tubercles of the stem sharp and comb-like; erect shrub. 9. O. arborescens. Tubercles neither prominent nor comb-like; plant decumbent. to. O. Davisit. 1. Opuntia mesacantha Raf. (O. Rafinesqui Engelm.) On plains and prairies especially in sandy soil from Wisc. and Minn. to Ky. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Fort Collins; Denver; Boulder. z. Opuntia camanchica Engelm. On plains from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz.— Alt. up to 6000 ft—Colorado Springs. 3. Opuntia Schweriniana K. Sch. In dry places in Colo.—Sapinero. 4. Opuntia tortispina Engelm. On plains from Neb. and Colo. to Ind. Terr. —Exact locality not given. 5. Opuntia polyacantha Haw. (O. missouriensis DC.) On plains and hills from N. D. and B. C. to Ind. Terr., N. M. and Ore—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Quimby; Ft. Collins; Denver; Walsenburg; North Cheyenne Cafion. 6. Opuntia rhodantha K. Sch. On plains of Neb. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—‘“ Colorado”; Grand Junction; Boulder. 7. Opuntia xanthostemma K. Sch. On plains of western Colo.—Mesa Grande. 8 Opuntia fragilis Haw. On prairies and plains from Wisc. and B. C. to Kans. and Colo.—Denver; Boulder. g. Opuntia arborescens Engelm. On plains and hills from Colo. to Tex. and Ariz—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Pueblo; Piedra. 10. Opuntia Davisii Engelm. In dry soil from Colo. to Tex. and Calif La Plata Valley, Mancos and McElmo (Brandegee). Order 36. THYMELIALES. Family 94. ELAEAGNACEAE Lindl. OLeasTEeR Famity. 1. LEPARGYRAEA Raf. BUFFALO-BERRY. Leaves ovate or oval, green above; shrub thornless. 1. L. canadensis. Leaves oblong, silvery on both sides; shrub thorny. 2. L. argentea. 1. Lepargyraea canadensis (L.) Greene. (Shepherdia canadensis L.) In woods from Newf. and Alaska to N. Y., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 6500-12,000 ft. —Villa Grove, Black Cafion; Georgetown; Bear Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; southeast of Ouray; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Cham- bers’ Lake; Graham’s Park; mountains of Larimer Co.; Stove Prairie Hill; Bosworth’s ranch; Eldora to Baltimore. 2. Lepargyraea argentea (Nutt.) Greene. (Shepherdia argentea Nutt.) On sandy river banks and islands from Man., Sask. and Alb. to Kans., N. M. and Nev.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft—Grand Junction; Cimarron; Mancos; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Wolcott; Hotchkiss; Dolores; Durango. 240 LYTHRACEAE. Order 37. MYRTALES. Styles present; mostly land-plants. Hypanthium merely enclosing the ovary. 95. LYTHRACEAE, Hypanthium adnate to the ovary. 96. EPILOBIACEAE, Styles wanting; stigma sessile; aquatics. 97. GUNNERACEAE, Family 95. LYTHRACEAE Lindl. LoosrstrirE FAMILy. Hypanthium cylindric. : 1. LytTHrumM. Hypanthium campanulate or hemispheric. z. AMMANIA, 1. LYTHRUM L. LooseEstrirFe. 1. Lythrum alatum Pursh. In swamps from Mass. and S. D. to Ky. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-6000 ft.—Near Boulder. 2. AMMANIA L. 1, Ammania coccinea Rottb. In swampy places from Ind. to S. D., Fla. and Mex.; also S. Am.—Denver. Family 96. EPILOBIACEAE DC. Eveninc PRIMROSE FamILy. Flowers 4-merous. Fruit a many-seeded capsule, opening by valves. Seeds with a tuft of silky hairs. Hypanthium not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers large. 1. CHAMAENERION. Hypanthium somewhat prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers small. 2. EPILOBIUM. Seeds without a tuft of silky hairs, naked or tuberculate. Hypanthium not produced beyond the ovary; flowers minute. 3. GAYOPHYTUM. Hypanthium produced beyond the ovary into a long tube. Stigma divided into 4 linear lobes. Stamens equal in length; capsule terete or round-angled. Ovules and seeds horizontal, inserted in 2 or rarely more rows, prismatic-angled; petals yellow. 4. ONAGRA. Ovules and seeds ascending, in one row, not angled; buds drooping; petals white or pink. 5. ANOGRA, Stamens unequal in length, the alternate longer; capsule crested or winged; plant acaulescent or low-stemmed. Capsules with more or less distinct double crests on the angles; seed furrowed along the raphe. 6. PACHYLOPHUS. Capsules winged or at least sharply angled on the angles. Plants acaulescent, cespitose. 7. LAVAUXIA. Plants caulescent with wiry diffuse stems. 8. GAURELLA. Stigma discoid or capitate. Stigma discoid; hypanthium-tube funnelform above. Hypanthium-tube longer than the ovary; stigma entire. 9. GALPINSIA. Hypanthium-tube shorter than the ovary; stigma 4-toothed. to. MERIOLIX. Stigma capitate. Plant acaulescent; capsules 4-winged; hypanthium-tube tubular- cylindric. 11. TARAXIA. Plant caulescent; capsules not winged; hypanthium-tube obconic or funnelform. EPILOBIACEAE. 241 Capsule linear, sessile, narrowed above. 12. SPHAEROSTIGMA. Capsule more or less clavate, pedicelled and obtuse. 13. CHYLISMA. Fruit indehiscent, nut-like. Hypanthium-tube filiform; filaments unappendaged; ovary 1-celled . 14. STENOSIPHON. Hypanthium-tube obconic: filaments with scales at the base; ovary 4-celled. 15. GAURA, Flowers 2-merous; fruit indehiscent, obovoid and bristly with hooked hairs. 16. CIRCAEA, 1. CHAMAENERION Adans. Fire-weep. Style pubescent at the base; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate with the lateral veins confluent in marginal loops. 1. C. angustifolium. Style glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; lateral veins obsolete, not looped. 2. C. latifolium. 1. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. (Epilobium angustifolium L.) On hills, in open woods and copses, especially on burnt areas from Greenl. and Alaska to N. C., Ariz. and Calif—AlIt. 6000-10,000.—Caribou; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Oro City; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Pagosa Peak; near La Plata Post Office; La Plata Cafion; Marshall Pass; Cameron Pass; Pike’s Peak; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Jack’s Cabin; Artist’s Glen; Como; * Larimie River at Sherwood’s; Baxter’s ranch; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie; Boulder Cafion; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 2. Chamaenerion latifolium (L.) Sweet. (E. latifolium L.) In wet ground from Greenl. and Alaska to Colo. and Wash.—Alt. 7500-10,000 ft.—Graymont; Ruby; Gunnison; near La Plata Post Office; La Plata Cafion; Clear Creek; Empire. z. EPILOBIUM L. WILLow-HErs. Perennials; stigma entire or merely notched. Leaves oblong, oval, ovate, or lanceolate, usually dentate or denticulate. Plants with rosettes or turions; leaves ovate or lanceolate, usually broadest below the middle and distinctly denticulate or dentate. Stem pubescent throughout. 1. BE. Palmeri. Stem glabrous except sometimes the upper portion and the decurrent lines. Flowers 7-8 mm. long; petals purple or dark pink; leaves ovate- lanceolate. Leaves sessile or nearly so; innovations by turions. Seeds without apiculations; coma sessile. z. E. ovatifolium. Seeds with a pale hyaline beak at the apex. 3. E. brevistylum. Leaves short-petioled ; innovations by rosettes. 4. E. occidentale. Flowers 3-5 mm. long. Leaves all except the uppermost short-petioled. 5. E. adenocaulon. Leaves all sessile or only the very earliest sometimes short-petioled. Leaf-blades rounded at the base, broadly lanceolate to ovate. Petals purple, 5-8 mm. long; leaf-blades usually ovate. : 2. E. ovatifolium. Petals white, 4 mm. long; leaves lanceolate. 6. E. rubescens. Leaf-blades acute at the base. Leaf-blades ample, ovate or broadly lanceolate. 7. E. stramineum. Leaf-blades narrow lanceolate, almost erect; plant slender, 1-3 dm. high. 8. E. Drummondii. Plants with stolons or soboles, low, 1~2 (seldom 3) dm. high. 16 242 EPILOBIACEAE. Petals white; plant 1-3 dm. high, stoloniferous. 9. E. alpinum. Petals purple or pink. Plant 1-3 dm. high, soboliferous; flowers 5-7 mm. long. to. E. Hornemannii. Plant usually less than 1 dm. high, stoloniferous; flowers less than 5 mm. long. Flowers nodding in bud; pod cylindrical; seeds smooth. 11. E. anagallifolium. Flowers ascending in bud; pod somewhat clavate; seeds papillose. 12. E. clavatum. Leaves narrowly linear, entire; innovations of long subterranean shoots, bearing at their ends ovoid turions; petals white; capsule cinereous. Leaves and lower part of the stem glabrous. 13. E. wyomingense. Leaves and stem crisp-pubescent. 14. E. lineare. Annuals with more or less sheddy, straw-colored bark; stigma 4-cleft. Pedicels and pods sparingly glandular, the former long. 15. E. paniculatum. Whole inflorescence densely glandular; pedicels very short, scarcely exceeding the bracts. 16. E. adenocladon. 1. Epilobium Palmeri Rydb. In wet places from Mont. and Ida. to Utah and Colo.—Tobe Miller’s ranch. 2, Epilobium ovatifolium Rydb. In wet ground in Colo. and Utah—Alt. 8000-13,000 ft—Lake City; head of Bard Creek; mountains above Ouray; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Columbine; west of Ouray; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch. 3. Epilobium brevistylum Haussk. Along streams from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—AIt. 8000-go00 ft—Veta Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek; near Pagosa Peak; north of Steamboat Springs. 4. Epilobium occidentale (Trelease) Rydb. (E. adenocaulon occidentale Trelease) In wet ground from Mont. and Alb. to S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Caribou; Boulder; Van Boxle’s ranch above Cimarron. 5. Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. (E. coloratum Torr.; not Muhl.) In swamps and wet meadows from N. B. and Wash. to Pa., Colo. and Nev.— Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Cheyenne Mountain; near Empire; Pagosa Springs; Mountain View; Engelmann Cafion; William’s Cafion; Parlin, Gunnison Co.; North Cheyenne Cafion; Spring Cafion; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; South Park; Ft. Collins; Grizzly Creek; Dark Cafion, Pike’s Peak; Durango; South Park; Boulder. 6. Epilobium rubescens Rydb. In wet places of Colo.—Alt. up to gooo ft— Pagosa Springs; Middle Park; Engelmann Cafion. 7. Epilobium stramineum Rydb. In wet places of Colo. and Wyo—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—Sangre de Cristo Creek; Chicken Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Bob Creek, west of Mt. Hesperus; Idaho Springs; near Pagosa Peak; Ruxton. 8. Epilobium Drummondii Haussk. Along brooks from Sask. and Wash. to S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; South Park; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Sargent’s; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Walton Creek, Routt Co.; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. g. Epilobium alpinum L. On mountain sides in wet places from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo. and Calif—Alt. g000-11,000 ft—Head of Bard EPILOBIACEAE. 243 Creek; mountains above Ouray; Cameron Pass; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Gore Pass; Chambers’ Lake; Graymont. io. Epilobium Hornemannii Reichenb. On mountain sides in wet places, from Greenl. and Alaska to N. H., Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.— Near Empire; Mt. Harvard; head of Bard Creek; Marshall Pass; Cameron Pass; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Silver Plume; Beaver Creek; Buffalo Pass; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 5 11. Epilobium anagallifolium Lam. In wet soil from Lab. and Alaska to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft—Caribou; near Pagosa Peak; Silver Plume; west of North Park. 12. Epilobium clavatum Trelease. On alpine peaks from Mont. and B. C. to Colo—Summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 13. Epilobium wyomingense A. Nels. (E. palustris albiforum Hook.) In swamps from Sask. and Yukon to’ Colo. 14. Epilobium lineare Muhl. In swamps from N. B. and B. C. to Del., Ind. Terr. and Colo.—New Windsor. 15. Epilobium paniculatum Nutt. In sandy soil from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Gregory Cafion; headwaters of Clear Creek; Ft. Collins; Doyle’s; Marshall Pass; south of Ouray; Cimarron; Ruxton Park; Piedra; mountains, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; between Porter and Durango; Gunnison Co.; gulch west of Soldier Cafion; Steam- boat Springs; Boulder; Elk River, Routt Co. 16. Epilobium adenocladon (Haussk.) Rydb. (E. paniculatum adenocladon Haussk.) In sandy soil from S. D. and Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 5000- 8500 ft—Boulder; southeast of Ouray; Horsetooth Gulch; Soldier Cafion; Cassel’s. 3. GAYOPHYTUM Juss. Capsules torulose, less than 3 times as long as the stipes, usually more or less clavate. Petals 1.5-2.5 mm. long, rose with yellow base; capsules 8-12 mm. long, nearly tiwce as long as the stipes. a. G. intermedium. Petals about 1 mm. long, rose or white. Capsules decidedly clavate, rounded at the apex, seldom longer than the stipes, spreading or reflexed. 2. G. ramosissimum. Capsules only slightly if at all clavate, narrow, usually longer than the stipes and erect. 3. G. Nuttallit. Capsules neither torulose not clavate; stipes very short. 4. G. racemosum. 1. Gayophytum intermedium Rydb. On hillsides in sandy soil from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Caribou; near Empire; west of Ouray; Chambers’ Lake; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Veta Pass; Ward, Boulder Co.; between Sunshine and Ward; Boulder; North Park; Table Rock. 2, Gayophytum ramosissimum T. & G. Or hillsides, especially in sandy soil, from Mont. and Wash. to Colo., Ariz. and Calif.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft— Headwaters of Clear Creek; Lake City; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Mt. Harvard; Veta Pass; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Pagosa Springs; Calhan; Rabbit-Ear Pass; Los Pinos; Black Cafion; La Veta; Dillon; Valley Spur; west of Ouray; Baxter’s ranch; Chambers’ Lake; Walton Creek; Table Rock; Dolores; gulch west of Soldier Cafion. 244 EPILOBIACEAE. 3. Gayophytum Nuttallii T. & G. On hillsides from S. D. and Wash. to Colo., Ariz. and Calif—Alt. 6000-8000 ft.—Parlin, Gunnison Co.; foot-hills, Larimer Co. 4. Gayophytum racemosum T. & G. In sandy soil from Wyo. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 5000-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Veta Pass; above Mancos; along the Poudre. 4. ONAGRA Adans, EveNING PRIMROSE. Hypanthium slender, 2.5-5 cm. long. Petals 1-2 cm. long, yellow; pubescence rarely hirsute. Plant green; capsule 3-4 cm. long. 1. O. Oakesiana. Plant grayish strigose; capsule 2-3 cm. long. 2. O. strigosa, Petals 2-3.5 cm. long, often pinkish; plant more or less hirsute. 3. O. Hookeri. Hypanthium stout, 6-13 cm. long. 4. O. Jamesii. 1. Onagra Oakesiana (A. Gray) Britton. (Oenothera Oakesiana A. Gray) In rich valleys from Que. and S. D. to N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.— Salida; North Cheyenne Cafion; Valley Spur. 2. Onagra strigosa Rydb. In valleys and on plains from Minn. and Wash. to Kans., N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Ft. Collins; Colorado Springs; Gunnison; Elk River, Routt Co.; Engelmann Cafion; Poudre Cafion; Gyp- sum; soldier Cafion. 3. Onagra Hookeri (T. & G.) Small. (Oenothera Hookeri T. & G.; O. biennis hirsutissima A. Gray) In valleys from Ida. to N. M. and Calif; also Mex.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Black Cafion of Gunnison; Cafion City, Fremont Co.; Pagosa Springs; Parrott Post Office; west of Ouray; Waha- toya Creek; Pike’s Peak; Durango; along Conejos River north of Antonito. 4. Onagra Jamesii (T. & G.) Small. (Oenothera Jamesiti T. & G.) In dry soil from Okl. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz—On Platte River (?). 5. ANOGRA Spach. Wuite Eveninc PRIMROSE. Calyx in bud merely acutish; tips not free. Capsule divergent or reflexed. 1. A. violacea. Capsule erect or ascending. z. A. albicaulis. Calyx in bud acuminate or acute; tips free. Capsule linear-cylindric; throat of the calyx glabrous. Calyx sparingly long-hairy, glandular-puberulent or glabrous, not strigose. Leaves deeply pinnatifid. 3. A. rhizomata. Leaves subentire, dentate or short-lobed. Capsules strongly ascending, straight; leaves linear, entire or nearly so, strigose beneath. 4. A. Nuttallii. Capsules divergent, usually curved upwards; leaves usually denticulate or sometimes lobed. Leaves glabrous, except the margins. 5. A. Vreelandii. Leaves pubescent on both sides. 6. A. cinerea. Calyx and hypanthium densely grayish strigose; leaves cinerous. 7. A. latifolia. Capsules oblong; throat of the calyx hairy; leaves deeply pinnatifid. 8. A. coronopifolia. 1, Anogra violacea A. Nels. In sandy soil of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. 4000- 5500 ft.—Deer River; Palisades ; Hotchkiss. EPILOBIACEAE. 245 2, Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton. (Oenothera pinnatifida Nutt.) On hillsides from N. D. and Mont. to Tex. and Sonora.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.— Denver; Ft. Collins; Rist Cafion; river-bluffs north of La Veta; Cucharas Valley near La Veta; Larimer Co.; McElmo Cafion; Purgatory River, Trini- dad; Horsetooth Gulch; Palisades; Grand Junction, mesa across Gunnison River; Boulder; Ft. Collins. 3. Anogra rhizomata A. Nels. In sandy soil in Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. about 7500 ft.—Gunnison. 4. Anogra Nuttallii (Lindl.) A. Nels. (O. Nutiallii Lindl.) In sandy soil from Minn. and Ida. to Colo.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft—Denver; La Porte; Fossil Creek, Larimer Co.; Grizzly Creek; Manitou; Table Rock; Baxter’s ranch; Colorado Springs; Boulder; Buena Vista; Ivywild. 5. Anogra Vreelandii Rydb. In cafions of Colo—Alt. about 6000 ft— McElmo Cafion. 6. Anogra cinerea Rydb. In dry soil from western Neb. and Wyo. to Colo.— Denver; between Bent’s Fort and Pueblo. 7. Anogra latifolia Rydb. (Oenothera pallida latifolia Rydb.) On sandy soil from Neb. to Colo. and Kans.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Gunnison; Marshall Pass; Sterling, Logan Co. 8. Anogra coronopifolia (T. & G.) Britton. On prairies and plains from S. D. and Wyo. to Kans. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.—Cheyenne Mountain; Moon’s ranch, Larimer Co.; plains west of Ft. Collins; Denver; Clear Creek Station; along the Platte; Pike’s Peak; Idaho Springs; Piedra; Mancos; Cucharas River below La Veta; Gunnison; Manitou; Buena Vista; Palmer Lake; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; North Park; Spring Cafion; Baxter's ranch; road to Soldier Cafion; vicinity of Pine Grove; Estes Park; Boulder; Como; Hayden. 6. PACHYLOPHUS Spach. Plant glabrous. Plant more or less hairy. Hypanthium, calyx and fruit glabrous, slightly strigose or with a few scat- tered long hairs. Tube of the hypanthium 3-6 cm. long; pubescence (except on the margins of the leaves) short and usually appressed. 2. P. montanus. Tube of hypanthium 6-12 mm. long. Plant acaulescent, cespitose; pod short conic-ovoid, with very thick ridges. 3. P. macroglottis. Plant more or less caulescent; pod elongated conic-ovoid, with low ridges. 4. P. caulescens. 1. P. caespitosus. Hypanthium, calyx and fruit densely hirsute. Pod stipitate. 5. P. marginatus. Pod sessile. Plant acaulescent; ridges of the fruit slightly tuberculate. 6. P. hirsutus. Plant more or less caulescent; ridges of the fruit with lobed, more or less foliaceous crests. 7. P. exiguus. 1. Pachylophus caespitosus (Nutt.) Raim. (Oe¢enothera caespitosa Nutt.) On dry hills from N. D. and Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 4000-9000 ft.— Grizzly Creek; foot of Horsetooth Mountain. ° 246 EPILOBIACEAE. 2. Pachylophus montanus (Nutt.) A. Nels. (Oenothera montana Nutt.) On dry hills from Ass. and Ida. to Colo. and Nev.—Alt. up to 7500 ft.— Mancos; Palisade; mesa across Gunnison River from Grand Junction; Elk Cafion; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad. 3. Pachylophus macroglottis Rydb. On hillsides in Colo.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Red Rock Cafion; Turkey Creek and tributaries; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; gulch west of Pennock’s; Narrows, Poudre Cafion; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Dolores; Manitou; Hotchkiss; Pike’s Peak; butte, 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Cerro Summit; Arboles; Boulder. 4. Pachylophus caulescens Rydb. On hillsides and river banks in Colo.— Alt. 4500-9000 ft.—Palisade, bank of Grand River; Dolores. 5. Pachylophus marginatus (Nutt.) Rydb. (Onothera marginata Nutt.; O. idahoensis Mulford) On hills from Ida. and Ore. to Utah and Colo.— Glenwood Springs. 6. Pachylophus hirsutus Rydb. On hillsides from Wyo. to N. M. and Utah. —Alt. 7000-10,000 ft—Empire; above Como, South Park; Pennock’s moun- tain ranch; Georgetown; South Park; Ruxton; near Mancos; Pike’s Peak; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 7. Pachylophus exiguus (A. Gray) Rydb. (Oecenothera exigua A. Gray) On plains from Colo. to N. Mex.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Rocky Ford, bank of Arkansas River; mesas near Pueblo; Garden of the Gods. 7. LAVAUXIA Spach. Leaves strigose-canescent. a. L. brachycarpa. Leaves green, glabrous or puberulent with ciliate margins. 2. L. flava. 1. Lavauxia brachycarpa (A. Gray) Britton. (Oenothera brachycarpa A. Gray) On plains from Kans, and Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Loveland; Denver; west of Ft. Collins; Ft. Collins; Fossil Creek; north of La Porte; Tobe Miller’s ranch; Boulder. z, Lavauxia flava A. Nels. (Oenothera triloba S. Wats., in part; not Nutt.) In valleys from Ass. and Ore. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. s000~10,000 ft.— Leadville; North Park; Arboles; Egeria Park; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; near Parrott Post Office; Rabbit-Ear Range; Table Rock; Leroux Creek; Steamboat Springs; north of La Porte; Alamosa. 8. GAURELLA Small. 1. Gaurella guttata (Geyer) Small. (Oenothera canescens Torr.) On dry plains from Neb. and Colo. to Okl. and N. Mex.—Purgatory River. 9. GALPINSIA Britton. 1, Galpinsia lavandulaefolia (T. & G.) Small. (Onoethera lavandulaefolia T. & G.) On plains and prairies from Neb. and Wyo. to Tex. and Mex— Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Mesas near Pueblo; Grand Junction. EPILOBIACEAE. 247 to. MERIOLIX Raf. Throat of the hypanthium dark-purple within. 1. M. melanoglottis. Throat of the hypanthium orange within, sometimes with a darker ring at the base of the stamens. 2. M. serrulata. 1. Meriolix melanoglottis Rydb. On plains from Tex. to Colo.—“ Colo.,” exact locality not given. 2. Meriolix serrulata (.Nutt.) Walp. (Oenothera serrulata Nutt.) On plains and hills from Man. and Sask. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.— Boulder; Denver; first range of foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Ft. Collins; Palmer Lake; Ouray; Monument; Manitou Junction; Pennock’s mountain ranch. 1x1. Taraxia Nutt. Leaves linear, silky-hirsute. 1. T. graciliflora. Leaves oblanceolate, glabrous. z. T. subacaulis. 1. Taraxia graciliflora (H. & A.) Raim. Hillsides in California. One specimen collected by Fremont is labeled “ Arkansas River, above Pueblo.” This may have been a mistake in labeling, as the species is not known east of the Great Basin. 2. Taraxia subacaulis (Pursh) Rydb. (Jussiaea subacaulis Pursh; Oeno- thera heterantha Nutt.) In valleys from Mont. and Ida. to Colo. and Calif. —Steamboat Springs. 12, SPHAEROSTIGMA Nutt. Corolla yellow, turning reddish or greenish; plant hirsutulous below; often glandular above. 1. S. pubens. Corolla white or rose-color; plant stigulose or puberulent. 2. S. minutiflorum. 1. Sphaerostigma pubens (S. Wats.) Rydb. (Oenothera strigulosa pubens S. Wats.) In sandy soil from Ida. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Arkanégas River above Pueblo. 2. Sphaerostigma minutiflora (S. Wats.) Rydb. (Oenothera allysoides minutifiora S. Wats.) In sandy soil from Wyo. to Colo. and Nev.—Grand Junction. 13. CHYLISMA Nutt. 1. Chylisma scapoidea (Nutt.) Small. (Oenothera scapoidea Nutt.) In arid soil from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 4500-7000 ft.—Palisade, bank of Grand River; Cimarron; Grand Junction; Hotchkiss; Cafion City. 14. STENOSIPHON Spach. 1. Stenosiphon linifolium (Nutt.) Britton. (S. virgatus Spach.) On prai- ries from Neb. and Colo. to Ark., Tex. and Mex.—Exact locality not given. 15. GAURA L. Anthers oval, attached near the middle; fruit fusiform, sessile, almost equally 8-ribbed. 1. G. parviflora. Anthers linear or nearly so, attached near the base; fruit strongly 4-angled, at least above. Fruit sessile, broadly fusiform; tall biennials. z. G. neo-mexicana. Fruit prolonged below into a stipe-like base. 248 EPILOBIACEAE. Stipe-like base slender; fruit fusiform; tall herbaceous plants. 3. G. coloradensis. Stipe-like base thick; body of the fruit pyramidal-ovoid; low plants with subligneous base. Plants more or less pubescent. Stem hirsute as well as strigose, at least below. 4. G. coccinea. Stem merely strigose or glabrous below. Leaves canescent, the lower usually oblong and sinuately toothed. 5. G. marginata. Leaves sparingly strigose; all linear and entire. 6 G. parvifolia. Plant glabrous or nearly so, except the strigose hypanthium. 7. G. glabra. 1. Gaura parviflora Doug]. In valleys from S. D. and Wash. to La. and Ariz.; also Sonora.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Cucharas Valley, near La Veta; Durango; Ft. Collins; William’s Cafion; Deer River; along the Platte River; Boulder. 2. Gaura neo-mexicana Wooton. In valleys of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. about 7000 ft.—Pagosa Springs; Piedra. 3. Gaura coloradensis Rydb. On hills of Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Ft. Collins; east of Poudre and east of College. 4. Gaura coccinea Nutt. On plains and prairies from Mont. to Tex. and Ariz. —Alt. 4000-5500 ft—Denver; Pike’s Peak; New Windsor, Weld Co.; mesas near Pueblo; Ead’s; Ft. Collins; Quimby; Ouray; Platte River. gs. Gaura marginata Lehm. On plains and prairies from Man., Sask. and Mont. to Kans. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Ft. Collins; Walsenburg. 6. Gaura parvifolia Torr. On dry plains of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. 4000- 7000 ft—Durango; Pueblo; Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins. 7. Gaura glabra Lehm. On plains from S. D. and Mont. to Colo. and Ariz. —Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Trail Glen; Gunnison; Ft. Collins; Durango; Boulder. 16. CIRCAEA L. ENcHANTER’s NIGHTSHADE. Plant 1-2 dm. high; leaves sharply dentate, usually cordate at the base 1. C. alpina. Plant 3-6 dm. high; leaf-blades sinuately denticulate, usually truncate or rounded at the base. 2. C. pacifica. 1. Circaea alpina L. (C. pacifica Coulter; not Aschers. and Magn.) In moist woods from Lab. and Alaska to Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft.— Green Mountain Falls; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; gulch, Soldier Cafion; vicinity of Pine Grove; Stove Prairie Hill; Rist Cafion; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie. ' 2, Circaea pacifica Ach. & Magn. In wet woods from Mont. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Locality not given; probably doubtful. Family 97. GUNNERACEAE Endl. Water Mirror Famiy. Stamen 1; ovary 1-celled; leaves entire. 1. Hrppurus. Stamens 4-8; ovary 4-celled, splitting into 4 nutlets; at least the submerged leaves pinnatifid. z. MyRioPHYLLUM. GUNNERACEAE. 249 1. HIPPURUS L. Mare’s-tart, BoTTLe-BRusH. 1. Hippurus vulgaris L. In water from Greenl. and Alaska to Mich., N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 7o00-10,000 ft—Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Gunnison; Laramie River near Colorado line; Wahatoya Creek; Hamor’s Lake above Durango; Hotchkiss. 2. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. WareR-MILFoIL. 1. Myriophyllum spicatum L. In water from Newf., Sask. and Ida. to Fla. and Calif—Alt. up to 8000 ft—Gunnison. Order 38. UMBELLALES. Fruit drupaceous or baccate; gynoecium 1-several-carpellary; if 2-carpellary, stigmas introrse. Ovule with a ventral raphe; leaves mostly alternate; blades lobed or compound. 98. HEDERACEAE. Ovule with a dorsal raphe; leaves mostly opposite; blades entire or merely toothed. 99. CORNACEAE. Fruit dry, a cremocarp; gynoecium 2-carpellary ; stigmas terminal. 100. AMMIACEAE, Family 98. HEDERACEAE L. Ivy Famity. 1. ARALIA L. Witp SarsapParILia. 1. Aralia nudicaulis L. In woods from Newf. and Ida. to N. C., Mo. and Colo.—Alt. 5000-9000 ft—Mountains of Estes Park, Larimer Co.; mountains, Larimer Co.; north of Cheyenne Cafion; Engelmann’s Cafion; Colorado Springs; Jack Brook; Boulder. Family 99. CORNACEAE Link. Docwoop Famity. Flowers in open cymes, not subtended by an involucre; shrubs. 1. Svipa. Flowers in a head or umbel subtended by a large white involucre ; herbs. z. CORNELLA. 1. SVIDA Opis. Doc-woop, CorNeEL. Young branches and inflorescence villous. 1. S. interior. Young branches appressed strigose or nearly glabrous. 2. S. stolonifera riparia. 1. Svida interior Rydb. On river banks in Neb., S. D., Wyo. and Colo. —Alt. 4000-6000 ft—Colorado Springs; Cafion City; Meeker; Walsenburg; gulch west of Pennock’s. 2. Svida stolonifera riparia Rydb. On river banks from Man., Mackenzie and Alaska to Neb., Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-10,000 ft.—Lake City; Ouray; 6 miles below Hot Sulphur Springs; Walsenburg; Minnehaha; Upper La Plata Cafion; Box Cafion, west of Ouray; Pass Creek; Ft. Collins; Crystal Creek; Redstone; Gunnison; Mancos; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Par- lin, Gunnison Co.; gulch south of Rist Cafion; Bosworth’s ranch; near Narrows of Cache la Poudre; gulch west of Pennock’s; Stove Prairie. 2. CORNELLA Rydb. BuNncH-BERRY, DwarFr CorRNEL. a. Cornella canadensis (L.) Rydb. (Cornus canadensis L.) In woods from Lab. and Alaska to N. J., Minn., Colo. and Calif—North Park. 250 AMMIACEAE. Family too. AMMIACEAE Presl. Carrot FamiLy. Fruit bristly or spiny. Fruit subglobose, covered with hooked spines; leaves palmately divided. 1. SANICULA. Fruit linear or linear-oblanceolate, attenuate at the base, bristly on the angles; leaves twice to thrice ternate. 2. WASHINGTONIA. Fruit neither spiny nor bristly. Fruit not strongly flattened dorsally, usually more or less laterally flattened. Oil-tubes obsolete in the mature fruit, which is linear; leaves twice or thrice ternate. 3. GLycosMaA. Oil-tubes present. Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; petals white. Stylopodium conical. : Divisions of the leaves linear to filiform; ribs of the fruit filiform. 4. CARUM. Divisions of the leaves lanceolate; ribs of the fruit thick obtuse wings. 5. CIcuTA. Stylopodium flat or wanting; petals yellow. Ribs broad and corky. Dwarf cespitose alpine subacaulescent plants; fruit not tuberculate. 6. OrEoxIsS. Tall plants, 3 dm. high or more; fruit tuberculate-roughened. 7. HarBouria. Ribs not corky. Tall and branching, leafy-stemmed plants with broad leaf-divisions ; ribs inconspicuous. 8. Zizi. Acaulescent and cespitose plants; ribs of the fruit prominent. 9. ALETES, Oil-tubes more than one in the intervals. Stylopodium conical. Fruit round, with globose carpels and very slender inconspicuous ribs. to. BERULA. Fruit ovate or oblong, with prominent equal ribs. 11. LigustTicuMm. Stylopodium flat or wanting. Seed-face sulcate or decidedly concave. Ribs filiform. 12, MuUSENION. Ribs with broad thin wings. 13. AULOSPERMUM. Seed-face plane or but slightly concave. Ribs all conspicuously winged. Leaves pinnate with short crowded and more or less confluent segments; flowers usually purple or white. 14. PHELLOPTERUS. Leaves ternate-pinnate with short linear and pungent segments; flowers usually yellow. 15. PTERYXIA. Ribs not winged. Lateral ribs thick and corky; the dorsal ones filiform. 16. OROGENIA. Ribs all corky and equally prominent. Plant tall and leafy; oil-tubes never present in the dorsal ribs. 17. SIUM. Plant low, acaulescent; oil-tubes present in the dorsal ribs. 6. OREOxIS. Fruit strongly flattened dorsally, with the lateral ribs more or less promi- nently winged. Stylopodium present. Stylopodium conical. Plant glabrous with linear to lanceolate leaf-segments. Sepals evident; leaves in our species simply pinnate; oil-tubes solitary in the intervals. 18. OxyYPOLis. AMMIACEAE. 251 Sepals obsolete; leaves in ours three to four times compound; oil- tubes 2 or more in the lateral intervals. 19. CONIOSELINUM. Plant villous; leaves ternate with rounded-cordate, lobed leaflets; sepals obsolete. 20. HERACLEUM. Stylopodium depressed. Dorsal ribs prominent or winged. Plant caulescent, branched; sepals mostly obsolete; petals white. 21, ANGELICA. Plant acaulescent or nearly so; sepals evident; petals in most yellow. 22. CYNOMARATHRUM, Dorsal wings filiform; petals yellow; sepals obsolete; plant caulescent. 23. PASTINACA. Stylopodium wanting; plant acaulescent or nearly so. Lateral wings of the fruit thin. 24. LoMATIUM. Lateral wings of the fruit thick. Dorsal ribs very prominent or winged. 25. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS. Dorsal ribs filiform. Dwarf plants with pinnate or bipinnate leaves and conspicuous in- volucels. 26. CYMOPTERUS. Tall and stout plants with three or four times compound leaves and involucels of small bractlets. 27. LEPTOTAENIA. 1. SANICULA L. SNAKE-ROOT. 1. Sanicula marilandica L. In rich woods from Newf. and Wash. to Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6500 ft.—Pike’s Peak; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; mouth of Cheyenne Cafion; Spring Cafion; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Dixon Cafion. z. WASHINGTONIA Raf. Sweer CICELY. Involucels of several bractlets. 1. W. longistylis. Involucels lacking or of a single small bractlet. z. W. obtusa. 1. Washingtonia longistylis (Torr.) Britton. (Osmorrhiza longistylis Torr.) In woods and copses from N. Sc. and Ass. to Ga. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Buckthorn Creek, Larimer Co. 2. Washingtonia obtusa C. & R. (Osmorrhiza nuda Porter; not Torr.) In woods from Alb. to N. M. and Calif—AlIt. 6000-12,000 ft.—South Chey- enne Cafion; Rifle, Garfield Co.; headwaters of Pass Creek; four miles west of Cameron Pass; Cedar Edge; Jack Brook; Upper West Mancos Cafion; near La Plata Post Office; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; near Pagosa Peak; Wahatoya Cafion; Pennock’s mountain ranch; gulch east of Stove Prairie; above Beaver Creek; Rabbit-Ear Range. 3. GLYCOSMA Nutt. 1. Glycosma occidentalis Nutt. (Osmorrhiza occidentalis Torr.) On hill- sides and valleys from Alb. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Mountains north of Bear River below Steamboat Springs, Routt Co.; Bob Creek, West La Plata Mountains; Rabbit-Ears, Larimer Co. 4. CARUM L. Caraway. Leaves twice pinnately divided. a. C. Carut. Leaves once pinnately divided. z. C. Gairdneri. x. Carum Carui L. Escaped from cultivation, in waste places from Newi. and Mont. to Pa. and Colo—Alt. up to 9500 ft—Ft. Collins; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 252 AMMIACEAE. 2, Carum Gairdneri (H. & A.) A. Gray. In valleys from Alb. and Wash. to Colo., Ariz. and Calif—Steamboat Springs; near Bear River, above Hayden, Routt Co. 5. CICUTA L. Water Hemtiockx, MusquasH Root. 1. Cicuta occidentalis Greene. (C. maculata Coulter; not L.) In water and wet meadows from N. D. and Ida. to N. M. and Calif.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft. —Trinidad; Iola; Pagosa Springs; Ft. Collins; Wahatoya Creek. 6. OREOXIS Rai. Involucels linear, entire. Oil-tubes more than one in the intervals; plant glabrous. 1. O. humilis. Oil-tubes solitary in the intervals; plant usually puberulent. z. O. alpina. Involucels ovate or lanceolate, toothed. 3. O. Bakeri. 1. Oreoxis humilis Raf. On the higher peaks of Colo.—Alt. 11,000-13,000 ft—Pike’s Peak; Bear Creek Divide; West La Plata Mountains; Mount Garfield. 2. Oreoxis alpina (A. Gray) C. & R. (Cymopterus alpinus A. Gray) On the higher peaks of Colo. and Utah.—Alt. 10,000-12,000 ft.—Georgetown; headwaters of Clear Creek; Gray’s Peak; mountains above Boreas; mountain near Veta Pass; Mount Ouray; Bob Creek Divide, West La Plata Mountains; above Beaver Creek; Cameron Pass; Berthoud Pass. 3. Oreoxis Bakeri C. & R. On the higher peaks of Colo.—Alt. 10,000-13,000 ft—Alpine Tunnel; Mt. Hayden; near Pagosa Peak; West Spanish Peak; Mount Ouray. 7. HARBOURIA C. & R. 1. Harbouria trachypleura (A. Gray) C. & R. (Cicuta trachypleura S. Wats.) In mountains from Wyo. to N. M.—AIt. 5000-10,000 ft.—Foot-hills near Golden; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Horsetooth Gulch; Rist Cafion; Howe’s Gulch; gulch west of Pennock’s; west of Soldier Cafion; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Boulder; Empire. 8. ZIZIA Koch. Merapow Parsnip, ALEXANDERS. 1. Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch. In wet meadows and woods from Conn., Sask. and Wash. to Ga. Ala. and Utah—South Park; Pinkham Creek, Larimer Co. g. ALETES C., & R. Peduncles longer than the leaves; branches of the umbels short. Leaflets rounded-obovate in outline; their teeth ovate. 1. A. obovata. Leaflets rhombic-cuneate in outline, incised-toothed with lanceolate acuminate teeth. 2. A. acaulis. Peduncles shorter than the leaves; branches of the umbels nearly as long as the peduncles. 3. A. humilis. 1. Aletes obovata Rydb. On the mountains of Colo.—Alt. about 7000 ft— Golden; Lower Boulder Cafion, Boulder Co.; near Morrison. 2. Aletes acaulis (Torr.) C. & R. (Deweya acaulis Torr.; Carum Hallii S. Wats.) In the mountains of Colo. and N. M.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft.-—Near Morrison; South Table Mountain; Golden; gulch south of Boulder; moun- tains between Sunshine and Ward. AMMIACEAE, 253 3. Aletes humilis C. & R. In the mountains of Colo.—Dale Creek, Larimer Co. ro. BERULA Hoffm. Cut-Leavep WATER Parsnip. 1. Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville. (B. angustifolia Koch) In water from Ils, Minn. and B. C. to Tex. and Calif—Alt. 4000-Gooo ft.—Ft. Collins; Poudre flats; Boulder. 11. LIGUSTICUM L. Lovace, ANGELICA. Leaves twice or thrice compound; first divisions ternate. Stem leafy; divisions of the leaves not filiform. Leaves thin, dark green. 1. L. Porteri. Leaves thicker, pale green. 2. L. affine. Plant subscapose or with a single leaf; ultimate divisions of the leaves linear- filiform. 3. L. tenuifolium. Leaves once pinnate; plant scapose. 4. L. Eastwoodii. 1. Ligusticum Porteri C. & R. In mountain woods from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Lake City; near La Plata Post Office; Engel- mann Cafion; Georgetown; headwaters of Pass Creek; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Veta Mountain; Mirror Lake; near Pagosa Peak; Columbine; Cerro Summit; Crested Butte; mountains west of.Steamboat Springs; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. z. Ligusticum affine A. Nels. Open, moist hillsides in Wyo. and Colo.— Summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 3. Ligusticum tenuifolium S. Wats. In mountain woods from Ida. and Ore. to Colo.—Middle Park; South Park. 4. Ligusticum Eastwoodii C. & R. In the mountains of Colo. and S. Wyo.—Alt. 10,000-11,000 ft—Mountains above Ouray; Bear Creek Divide; Pagosa Peak; Keblar Pass; La Plata Mountains. 12, MUSENION Raf. ' Fruit glabrous or slightly puberulent. 1. M. divaricatum. Fruit strongly scabrous puberulent. 2. M. angustifolium. 1. Musenion divaricatum (Pursh) C. & R. In dry ground from Ass. and Alb. to S. D. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-6000 ft.—North Denver; outside of Dixon Cafion; north of La Porte; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Spring Cafion; west of Loveland; Boulder. z. Musenion angustifolium Nutt. In arid valleys in hard ground of Ass. and Alb. to Colo.—Alt. 4000-5000 ft—Plains near Denver. 13. AULOSPERMUM C. & R. Clusters of leaves and peduncles borne at the summit of a more or less elongated stem. Corolla yellow. Rachis of the primary leaf-segments dilated; secondary segments confluent, broad, toothed or merely cleft. 1. A. longipes. Rachis of the primary leaf-segments not dilated; secondary segments distinct, finely dissected into small oblong lobes. 2. A. angustum. Corolla purple. 3. A. planosum. Leaves clustered at the base; plant acaulescent. 4. A. purpureum. 254 AMMIACEAE. 1. Aulospermum longipes (S. Wats.) C. & R. (Cymopterus longipes S. Wats.) In dry soil from Wyo. to Colo. and Utah—Yampa River. 2. Aulospermum angustum Osterhout. In dry places of Colo.—Steamboat Springs; Hayden. 3. Aulospermum planosum Osterhout. In dry places of Colo.—Minturn; Steamboat Springs. 4. Aulospermum purpureum (S. Wats.) C. & R. (Cymopterus purpureus S. Wats.) In dry places from Colo. and Utah to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-7000 ft—Mancos; Cimarron; Durango; Ridgway. 14. PHELLOPTERUS Nutt. Peduncles, even in fruit, shorter than the leaves; fruit 6-8 mm. long. 1. P. montanus. Peduncles, at least in fruit, equalling or exceeding the leaves; fruit over 8 mm. long. Involucels 1~-3-nerved. z. P. purpurascens. Involucels 5-9-nerved. 3. P. camporum. 1. Phellopterus montanus Nutt. (Cymopterus montanus T. & G.) In dry places from S. D. and Wyo. to Ark. and Colo.—Alt. 4000-7000 ft.—Colorado Springs; Ft. Collins; Pueblo; New Windsor; Denver. 2. Phellopterus purpurascens (A. Gray) C. & R. (Cymopterus montanus purpurascens A. Gray) In dry places from Colo. and Utah to Tex. and Ariz. —In Colorado it is represented only by the var. Eastwoodiae (Jones) C.& R. which is more robust, with more open inflorescence and narrower wings to the fruit.—Alt. 6000-8000 ft—Hermosa; Mancos; Cerro Summit. 3. Phelopterus camporum Rydb. Dry mesas of S. Colo.—Alt. about 5000 ft.—Mesas near Pueblo. 15. PTERYXIA Nutt. a. Pteryxia foeniculacea Nutt. (Cymopterus foeniculaceus T. & G.) In dry places from Ida. and Wash. to Colo., Utah and Ore.—Alt. about 8500 ft.— Columbine; Steamboat Springs. 16. OROGENIA S. Wats. Turkey PEA. 1. Orogenia linearifolia S. Wats. On mountain ridges from Ida. and Wash. to Colo. and Ore—Mancos ;*Rabbit-Ears, Routt Co.; Steamboat Springs. 17. SIUM L. Water Parsnip. 1. Sium cicutaefolium Gmelin. In water from Newf. and Mackenzie to Va. and Califi—Alt. 4000-8000 ft.—Parlin, Gunnison Co.; Gunnison; San Luis Valley. ; 18, OXYPOLIS Raf. 1. Oxypolis Fendleri (A. Gray) Heller. (Archemora Fendleri A. Gray) Along brooks and in springy places from Wyo. to N. M.—AlIt. 8000-11,000 ft. —Headwaters of Clear Creek; Upper Corral Creek; Idaho Springs; Marshall Pass; Ruby; Robinson; near Pagosa Peak; East Indian Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Grayback mining AMMIACEAE. 255 camps and Placer Gulch; Cameron Pass; headwaters of Pass Creek; Bob Creek; Gypsum Creek Cafion, Eagle Co.; Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass; between Sunshine and Ward. 1g. CONIOSELINUM Hoof. Hemtock Parsnip. 1. Conioselinum scopulorum (A. Gray) C.& R. (Ligusticum scopulorum A. Gray) In mountain wood from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 7000-11,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; near Empire; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Robinson; Red Mountain road south of Ouray; Alpine Tunnel; Marshall Pass; mountains, Larimer Co.; Crested Butte; Cumbres; Rabbit- Ear Pass; Palmer Lake; Breckenridge; cafion west of Palmer Lake; Elk Cafion; Ouray; Empire. 20. HERACLEUM L. 1. Heracleum lanatum Michx. In wet ground from Vt. and Alaska to N. C. and Calif.—Alt. 5000-10,000 ft—Ruxton Brook; west of Ouray; Gun- nison; Pagosa Springs; north Cheyenne Cafion; Ft. Collins; Mancos; Baxter’s ranch; along the Poudre; between Sunshine and Ward. 21. ANGELICA L. ANGELICA. Oil-tubes mostly solitary in the intervals, not continuous around the seed; rays of the umbels ascending. Involucels of many-lanceolate, long-acuminate bractlets. 1. A. Grayi. Involucels none, or a few linear-subulate or filiform bractlets. z. A. pinnata. Oil-tubes continuous around the seeds; rays of the umbels widely ‘spreading. 3. A. ampla. 1. Angelica Grayi C. & R. In the mountains of Colo. and S. Wyo.—Alt. gooo-13,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Pike’s Peak; Silver Plume; near Pagosa Peak; Cameron Pass; Little Kate Basin, La Plata Mountains; Graymont; West Spanish Peak; Keblar Pass; Boreas; Beaver Creek. 2. Angelica pinnata S. Wats. In wet meadows from Alb. to N. M. and Utah.—Alt. 7000-8500 ft.—Gunnison Co.; Squaw Hill above Cimarron; Empire. e 3. Angelica ampla A. Nels. In wet meadoWs of Wyo. and Colo.—Alt. about 7o0oo ft.—Cheyenne Mountain; north of Cheyenne Cafion; southeast of Jefferson, South Park. 22, CYNOMARATHRUM Nutt. 1. Cynomarathrum Eastwoodii C. & R. Low plains of western Colo.— Grand Junction; Mesa County. 23. PASTINACA L. Parsnip. 1. Pastinaca sativa L. Cultivated and escaped around dwellings from Vt. and Wash. to Fla. and Calif—Boulder. 256 AMMIACEAE. 24. LOMATIUM C. & R. Plants slender with thick rounded corms; corolla yellow. a. L. leptocarpum. Plant generally stouter from a thickened root or rootstock, rarely corm-like. Bractlets lanceolate, oblong or linear; corolla white. Bractlets scarious-margined, as well as the whole plant puberulent or rarely glabrate. z. L. orientale. Bractlets not scarious-margined, villous. 3. L. macrocarpum. Bractlets of the involucels none or very few, linear or subulate; corolla yellow. Leaves finely dissected with numerous small divisions. 4. L. Grayi. Leaves once to thrice ternate with comparatively large divisions. 5. L. platycarpum. 1. Lomatium leptocarpum (Nutt.) C. & R. (Peucedanum leptocarpum Nutt.) On plains and hillsides from Ida. and Ore. to Colo. and Califi— Steamboat Springs. : 2. Lomatium orientale C.& R. (Peucedanum nudicaule Nutt., mainly) On dry plains from S. D., Mont. and Ida. to Kans., N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000- 8000 ft—Plains near Denver; foot-hills west of Ft. Collins; mountains, Larimer Co.; Calhan; vicinity of Horsetooth; Horsetooth Gulch; Dixon Cafion; Empire. 3. Lomatium macrocarpum (Nutt.) C. & R. (Peucedanum macrocarpum Nutt.) Dry hills and plains from Sask. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif— Egeria Park, Routt County. 4. Lomatium Grayi C. & R. On dry plains and hills from Wyo. and Wash. to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. up to 7000 ft—Mancos; Durango; Los Pinos; Glenwood Springs. 5. Lomatium platycarpum (Torr.) C. & R. (Peucedanum simplex Nutt.) On hillsides from Alb. and Wash. to Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 6000-8000 ft.— Above Mancos; Mancos; Cerro Summit; Glenwood Springs; Fort Lewis. 25. PSEUDOCYMOPTERUS C. & R. Plant more or less caulescent; leaves thin. Petals yellow. Ultimate divisions or teeth of the leaves short, ovate to lanceolate; leaves ovate in outline. 1. P. montanus. Ultimate divisions of the leaves linear, elongated. Leaves ovate in outline, at least the basal ones. 2. P. sylvaticus. Leaves, at least the basal ones, broadly rhombic in outline. Plant slender; leaves mostly twice compound with very long and few divisions. 3. P. tenuifolius. Plant low; leaves thrice pinnate with shorter, crowded numerous divisions. 4. P. multifidus. Petals purple. 5. P. purpureus. Plants acaulescent with thick or firm leaves. Primary divisions of the leaves once or twice dissected with narrowly linear divisions. 6. P. anisatus. Primary divisions broad, cuneate-flabellate, cleft and toothed with short ovate or lanceolate teeth. 7. P. aletifolius. 1. Pseudocymopterus montanus (A. Gray) C. & R. (Ligusticum mon- tanum B. & H.) In mountain woods from Wyo. to N. M. and Ariz—Alt. 8000-12,500 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Clear Creek Cafion; Cumbres; Cumberland Basin, La Plata Mountains; Los Pinos; hills above Mancos; West Indian Creek; Sangre de Cristo Cafion; Cameron Pass; Alpine Tunnel; AMMIACEAE. 257 Idaho Springs; Larimer Co.; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; moun- tain near Veta Pass; Pass Creek; Piedra; near Pagosa Peak; Gore Pass; Rico; Leroux Creek, Delta Co. z. Pseudocymopterus sylvaticus A. Nels. In woods of Colo. and Wyo.— Alt. 8000-12,000 ft.—Gulch, Mt. Harvard; Clear Creek Cafion near George- town; Keblar Pass; Pike’s Peak; Veta Pass; Hahn’s Peak; mountains, Lari- mer Co.; West Indian Creek; Turkey Creek and tributaries; Veta Mountain; Seven Lakes; Bosworth’s; William’s Cafion above Manitou; above Beaver Creek; Dillon Cafion; Empire; mountains between Sunshine and Ward. 3. Pseudocymopterus tenuifolius (A. Gray) Rydb. (Thaspium montanum tenuifolium A. Gray) In mountain woods from Colo. to N. M. and Ariz.— Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Engelmann Cafion; William’s Cafion; Minnehaha; East Indian Creek; Lake City; vicinity of Como. 4. Pseudocymopterus multifidus Rydb. (P. montanus multifidus Rydb.) In mountain woods of Colo.—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft.—Lake City; Ironton, San Juan Co.; Wahatoya Cafion; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Seven Lakes. 5. Pseudocymopterus purpureus (C. & R.) Rydb. (P. montanus purpureus C.&R.) Inthe mountains of Colo., Utah, N. M. and Ariz—Alt. about 11,500 ft—Mt. Ouray; Garfield. 6. Pseudocymopterus anisatus (A. Gray) C.& R. (Cymopterus anisatus A. Gray) On mountains among rocks from Wyo. and Nev. to Colo. and Utah.— Alt. go0o-11,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Ute Pass, Colorado Springs; Silver Plume; Little Veta Mountain; West Spanish Peak. 7. Pseudocymopterus aletifolius Rydb. In the mountains of Colo. among rocks.—Alt. 6000-10,000 ft—Minnehaha; Cheyenne Mountain.; Pike’s Peak; Ruxton; North Cheyenne Cafion; Manitou; South Cheyenne Cafion. 26. CYMOPTERUS Raf. Umbels dense, globular; petals white; involucre wanting. Ultimate divisions of the leaves linear or linear-oblong, acutish. 1. C. acaulis. Ultimate divisions of the leaves short, broadly oblong, obtuse. 2. C. Parryi. Umbels open; petals yellow; involucre present, although often a mere vestige. Divisions of the leaves narrow. 3. C. Fendleri. Divisions of the leaves broad. 4. C. Newberryi. 1. Cymopterus acaulis (Pursh) Rydb. (C. glomeratus DC.; C. campestris T. & G.) In dry arid places from N. D. and Ass. to Ark. and Colo.—Alt. 4ooo-8000 ft.—Larimer Co.; Walsenburg; plains near Denver; mesas near Pueblo; Cucharas Valley near La Veta; butte 5 miles southwest of La Veta; Ft. Collins; Poudre River. 2. Cymopterus Parryi (C. & R.) Jones. (Coloptera Parryi C. & R.) In dry places from Mont. to Neb. and Colo—McCoy’s, Eagle Co. 3. Cymopteris Fendleri A. Gray. In dry places of Colo, Utah and N. M.—Westwater; Mancos; Grand Junction. 4. Cymopterus Newberryi (S. Wats.) Jones. In dry places of Colo., Utah and N. M.—Westwater. 17 258 AMMIACEAE. 27. LEPTOTAENIA Nutt. Fruit 8-12 mm. long, usually without oil-tubes; leaves finely dissected into linear divisions. 1. L. multifida. Fruit 15-18 mm. long, with oil-tubes; leaves less dissected into oblong divisions. z. L, Eatoni. 1. Leptotaenia multifida Nutt. In rich soil from Alb. and Wash. to Colo. and Calif—Near Dix Post Office; Durango; Glenwood Springs; Baldwin; Spicer. 2. Leptotaenia Eatoni C. & R. In rich soil from Wyo. and Ida. to Utah and Colo.—Alt. 7000-8000 ft—Los Pinos; Cerro Summit; Minturn. Order 39. ERICALES. Gynoecium superior; fruit usually capsular. Herbaceous saprophytes without green leaves. 101. MONOTROPACEAE. Herbs or shrubs with green leaves. Corolla of essentially distinct petals; herbs with rootstocks. 102. PYROLACEAE. Corolla of more or less united petals; shrubs. 103. ERICACEAE. Gynoecium inferior; fruit baccate or drupaceous. 104. VACCINIACEAE. Family ror. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl. Inp1an-piPE Fami_y. 1. PTEROSPORA Nutt. Pine Drop, Grant Birp’s-NEST. 1. Pterospora andromedea Nutt. In rich woods from Que. and B. C. to Pa., Ariz. and Calif.—AlIt. 4000-8000 ft—Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie; mountains, Larimer Co. Family 102. PYROLACEAE Agardh. WINTERGREEN FamILy. Plants leafy-stemmed; flowers corymbose; style very short and covered by the peltate stigma; filament dilated and hairy at the middle. 1. CHIMAPHILA. Plants scapiferous with a basal rosette of leaves; flowers racemose or solitary; style evident; filaments subulate, naked. Flowers solitary; petals spreading; valves of the capsule not cob-webby on the edges. z. MOoNneESES. Flowers racemose; petals more or less converging, concave; valves of the capsule cob-webby on the edges when opening. 3. Pyrora. 1. CHIMAPHILA Pursh. Prpsissewa. 1. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. In woods from N. S. and Alaska to Ga. and Calif.—Alt. 8000-11,000 ft—Estes Peak, Larimer Co.; North and South Boulder Peak; Bierstadt Lake; Beaver Creek. 2. MONESES Salisb. ONE-FLOWERED WINTERGREEN. 1. Moneses uniflora (L.)'S. F. Gray. In wet woods from Lab. and Alaska to Pa., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft.—Silverton; Marshall Pass; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Ruby; Caribou; Steamboat Springs; camp on Little Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass. PYROLACEAE. 259 3. PYROLA L. WINTERGREEN. Flowers with a 1o-lobed hypogynous disk; stigma peltate, 5-lobed; petals with a pair of tubercles at the base. 1. P. secunda. Flowers without hypogynous disk and petals without tubercles. Style straight and short; stigma peltate; stamens equally connivent around the pistil. 2. P. minor. Style and stamens declined; stigma much narrower than the concave apex of the style, which forms a collar or ring. Leaves not mottled. Petals pink or purplish. Leaf-blades round-reniform. 3. P. asarifolia. Leaf-blades orbicular or round-ovate. 4. P. uliginosa. Petals white or greenish. 5. P. chlorantha. Leaves mottled. 6. P. picta. 1. Pyrola secunda L. In damp woods from Lab. and Alaska to D. C. and Calif—Alt. 6000-12,000 ft.—Grand Lake; Mt. Abram, Ouray; Echo Cafion; Box Cajion, west of Ouray; Pagosa Peak; Steamboat Springs, Routt Co.; Mt. Harvard; Cheyenne Mountain; Beaver Creek; mountains between Sun- shine and Ward; Fish Creek Falls. 2. Pyrola minor L. In woods from Green]. and Alaska to Conn. and Calif—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; Grand Lake; Mar- shall Pass; chaparral-covered hills southeast of Ouray; Artist’s Glen, near Pike’s Peak; Silver Plume; La Plata Cafion; Cameron Pass; Graymont; Beaver Creek. 3. Pyrola asarifolia Michx. In damp woods from N. B. and Alb. to N. Y. and Colo.—Alt. g000-12,000 ft—West Spanish Peak; Graymont. 4. Pyrola uliginosa Torr. (P. rotundifolia uliginosa A. Gray) In wet rich woods and swampy places from N. S. and B. C. to N. Y., Colo. and Calif.—AlIt. 7000-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek; South Boulder Peak; Grand Lake; Marshall Pass; Ouray; Berthoud Pass, near Cozzens; Keblar Pass; Steamboat Springs; Beaver Creek. 5. Pyrola chlorantha Swartz. In woods from Lab. and B. C. to D. C., Colo. and Calif.; also in Europe.—Alt. gooo-12,000 ft.—Marshall Pass; Hamor’s Lake, north of Durango; 4 miles west of Cameron Pass; Cheyenne Moun- tains; Front Range, Larimer Co.; Gore Pass; swamp above Beaver Creek. 6. Pyrola picta Smith. In woods from Ida. and Wash. to Colo., Ariz. and Calif.—Alt. 8000-9000 ft.—Cafions and adjoining meadows west of Ouray. Family 103. ERICACEAE DC. Heatu Famity. Fruit more or less fleshy or surrounded by a fleshy calyx or hypanthium; plants prostrate, evergreen ; corolla without sacs. Fruit a berry or drupe, not enclosed in the calyx. 1. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, enclosed in the accrescent fleshy calyx and hypanthium. 2. GAULTHERIA, Fruit dry, a septicidal capsule; erect bog-shrubs. Corolla saucer-shaped with 10 sacs for the anthers. 3. Katia. Corolla campanulate without sacs. 4. PHYLLODOCE. a1. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Berar-Berry, KINNIKINIC. 1. Arcostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. In woods, on hillsides and sandy soil from Lab. and Alaska to N. J., Colo. and Ore.—AlIt. 5000-10,000 ft.— 260 ERICACEAE. Arkansas Junction near Leadville; Dillon; Idaho Springs; South Cheyenne Cafion; mountains north of Cascade; West Mancos Cafion; mountains, Lari- mer Co.; Golden; west of Ft. Collins; Stove Prairie, Larimer Co.; Pike’s Peak; Manitou; Eldora; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Bear Creek Cafion. 2. GAULTHERIA L. CREEPING WINTERGREEN. 1. Gaultheria humifusa (Graham) Rydb. (Vaccinium humifusum Graham ; Gaultheria Myrsinitis Hook.) On wooded hillsides from Mont. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. about 11,000 ft—Buffalo Pass, Park Range; head- waters of Clear Creek; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 3. KALMIA. AMERICAN 01 SwAMP LAUREL. 1. Kalmia microphylla (Hook.) Heller. (K. glauca microphylla Hook.) In mountain swamps from Alb. and Alaska to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 10,000- 11,000 ft—Caribou; Long’s Peak; Buffalo Pass; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 4. PHYLLODOCE Salisb. 1. Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) Don. Swamps and mountain sides from Alaska to northern Calif., Colo. and Alb—Alt. up to 11,000 ft.—Grizzly Gulch, near Gray’s Peak. Family 104. VACCINIACEAE Lindl. Huck eserry Famity. x. VACCINIUM L. Biue-serry, HUCKLEBERRY, BILBERRY. Branches not angled. 1. V. caespitosum. Branches angled. Fruit purplish-black ; leaves over 1 cm. long. 2. V. oreophilum. Fruit bright red; leaves usually less than 1 cm. long. 3. V. erythrococcum. 1. Vaccinium caespitosum Michx. In arctic and alpine regions from Lab. and Alaska to N. H., Colo. and Wash.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft—Headwaters of Clear Creek, near Empire; Middle Park; Mirror Lake; Tennessee Pass, 7 miles west of Leadville; Damfino Creek; Cameron Pass; Leroux Creek; EI- dora to Baltimore; Buffalo Pass; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. 2. Vaccinium oreophilum Rydb. (V. Myrtillus A. Gray; not L.) In woods from Alb. and B. C. tc N. M.—Alt. 8000-12,000 ft-—Front Range, Larimer Co.; Bob Creek, West l.a Plata Mountains; near Pagosa Peak; Keblar Pass; East Indian Creek; mountain near Veta Pass; Valley Spur; Red Mountain, south of Ouray; head of Bear Creek; Beaver Creek. 3. Vaccinium erythrococcum Rydb. (V. Myrtillus microphyllum Hook.) On hillsides from Alb. and B. C. to Colo. and Calif—Alt. 8500-12,000 ft— Headwaters of Clear Creek, near Empire; Alpine Tunnel; Little Veta Moun- tain; Beaver Creek; above Cameron Pass; Baltimore; Buffalo Pass; summit of North Park Range, Larimer Co. PRIMULACEAE. 261 Order 40. PRIMULALES. Family 105. PRIMULACEAE Vent. Primrose FaMILy Corolla present. Corolla-lobes erect or spreading; stamens distinct. Corolla salverform or funnelform, its lobes imbricated; stamens included; plants scapiferous; leaves basal. , Corolla-tube equalling or exceeding the calyx; style filiform; flowers conspicuous. 1. PRIMULA. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx; throat constricted; style very short; flowers minute. 2. ANDROSACE. Corolla rotate, its lobes convolute or involute in the bud; stamens exserted ; plants leafy-stemmed. Flowers axillary, solitary; corolla-lobes broad, curved around the stamens; staminodia conspicuous. 3. STEIRONEMA. Flowers in axillary short spikes; corolla-lobes long and linear; tube very short ; staminodia tooth-like. . 4. NAUMBURGIA. Corolla-lobes reflexed; stamens more or less monadelphous; plants scapiferous. 5. DopECATHEON. Corolla wanting; calyx with 5 petaloid lobes; flowers solitary, sessile in the axils of the opposite stem-leaves. 6. GLAUX. 1. PRIMULA L. Primrose. Bracts of the involucre more or less gibbous at the ‘base; lobes of the corolla deeply 2-cleft, i. e., at least one-fourth their length; leaves densely mealy beneath. 1. P. americana. Bracts of the involucre not gibbous below; lobes of the corolla merely emarginate or notched, rarely entire; leaves not mealy. Plant less than 1 dm. high, 1-few-flowered ; flowers less than 2 cm. long. : z. P. angustifolia. Scape 1.5-5 dm. high, many-flowered; flowers over 2 cm. long. 3a f°. Pay. 1. Primula americana Rydb. (P. farinosa Hook.; not L.) In swamps and wet meadows from Ass. and Alb. to Colo.—Alt. about 8000 ft.—Near Lake John, North Park; Gunnison. z. Primula angustifolia Torr. On alpine peaks of Colo.—Alt. go00-14,400 ft. —Saddle, Pike’s Peak; Marshall Pass; Gray’s Peak; Pike’s Peak; Berthoud Pass near Georgetown; West Spanish Peak; Sierra Blanca; headwaters of Clear Creek. 3. Primula Parryi A. Gray. Along cool mountain streams from Mont. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 9000-13,000 ft.—Bottomless Pit, Pike’s Peak; Berthoud Pass, near Georgetown; Cameron Pass; Tennessee Pass, 7 miles west of Leadville; tributaries of South Fork of Cache La Poudre River, Larimer Co.; Elk Mountains; Gray’s Peak; Slide Rock Cafion; timber line above Cameron Pass; mountains south of Ward, Boulder Co.; Carson; summit of Mt. Garfield; headwaters of Clear Creek; Lake City; Caribou; Graymont; Beaver Creek; Berthoud Pass. 2. ANDROSACE L. Perennials, cespitose and proliferous; corolla 5-8 mm. in diameter. 1. A. carinata. Annuals, not cespitose-proliferous, or the last one may be perennial by rosettes; corolla 3-4 mm. wide. 262 PRIMULACEAE. Calyx-tube in fruit obpyramidal, its green teeth surpassing the capsule. Bracts of the involucre ovate or oblong. z. A. occidentalis. Bracts of the involucre lanceolate or subulate. Calyx-teeth erect, lanceolate, usually shorter than the tube. Peduncles, pedicels and calyx-lobes densely puberulent, the latter ex- ceeding the fruit. 3. A. puberulenta. Peduncles and pedicels sparingly puberulent or glabrous; calyx-lobes glabrous or nearly so, not exceeding the fruit. Corolla longer than the calyx. Peduncles 1-2 dm. high, many times longer than the strongly ascending or suberect pedicels. 4. A. pinetorum. Peduncles less than 3 cm. high, often equalled or exceeded in length by the spreading pedicels. 5. A. subumbellata. Corolla shorter than the calyx. 6. A. diffusa. Calyx-teeth more or less spreading, ovate-triangular, foliaceous, equalling or exceeding the whitish tube; corolla shorter than the calyx. 7. A. sublifera. Calyx-tube in fruit hemispherical; teeth broadly triangular. 8. A. filiformis. 1. Androsace carinata Torr. (A. Chamaejasne A. Gray; not Host.) On alpine peaks from Alb. to Colo.—Alt. g000-13,000 ft—Mt. Evans; Pike’s Peak; near the summit of the Rocky Mountains; Bottomless Pit; West Spanish Peak; Iron Mountain. 2. Androsace occidentalis Nutt. In dry soil from Ills., Man. and Mont. to Mo., Tex. and Calif.—Alt. 4000-8500 ft—Mancos; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Los Pinos (Bayfield) ; Empire. 3. Androsace puberulenta Rydb. On plains and hills from Man., Mackenzie River and Alb. to N. Mex.—Alt. 5000-12,000 ft.—Plains near Boulder; Pike’s Peak; Seven Lakes; Wahatoya Cafion; mountain near Veta Pass; headwaters of Sangre de Cristo Creek; Gentian Ridge; Veta Mountain; Ribbon Lake; Marshall Pass; Cucharas River, above La Veta; Little Veta Mountain; near Ironton, San Juan Co.; Mt. Hesperus; Bear Creek Divide, west of Mt. Hesperus; Iron Mountain; Carson. 4. Androsace pinetorum Greene. In the mountains from Mackenzie and Yukon to Colo. and Ariz. Scarcely distinct from A. septentrionalis L.— Alt. 5000-8000 ft—Los Pinos (Bayfield); Graham’s Park; hills southeast of La Veta; Georgetown; Boulder; Soldier’s Cafion; Dolores. 5. Androsace subumbellata (A. Nelson) Small. Along mountain streams from Mont. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. 9000-12,000 ft—Berthoud Pass, near Georgetown; Ironton Park, 9 miles south of Ouray; Pike’s Peak; Gore Pass; source of Leroux, above Graymont; Beaver. Creek; Cameron Pass; Grizzly Creek; Deep Creek. 6, Androsace diffusa Small. In the mountains mostly along rivers from Mackenzie and B. C. to N. M. and Ariz.—Alt. 6000-11,000 ft.—Massif de lArapahoe; Pike’s Peak; Upper La Plata River; Veta Pass; North Park near Teller; along the Michigan; Van Boxle’s ranch, above Cimarron; Silver Plume; foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Mancos; Georgetown; Mt. Harvard; on Turkey Creek and tributaries; Glenwood Springs, Garfield Co.; hills above Mancos; Pennock’s mountain ranch; vicinity of Como; Bosworth’s ranch, Stove Prairie; along Purgatory River, Trinidad; Rist Cafion; above Manitou; gulch west of Pennock’s; Dolores. PRIMULACEAE. 263 7. Androsace subulifera (A. Gray) Rydb. (A. septentrionalis subulifera A. Gray), In the mountains from Mont. to Colo.—AJt. 6000-10,000 ft.—Cascade; Minnehaha; Cameron Pass; Steamboat Springs; Cimarron; Beaver Creek; Mancos; Durango; Pennock’s; Dillon Cafion, Trinidad. 8. Androsace filiformis Retz. (A. capillaris Greene) Along mountain streams from Wash. and Mont. to Colo.—Alt. up to 10,000 ft—Gore Pass; Middle Park; Grand River, 12 miles below the lake; Steamboat Springs. 3. STEIRONEMA Raf. Frincep LoosEsTRIFE. 1. Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf. In swamps and wet meadows from N. S. and Wash. to Ga. and Ariz.—Alt. 4000-8000 ft—New Windsor, Weld Co.; Alamosa; Wahatoya Creek; Ft. Collins; Mason’s river-front farm; Rist Cafion; Horsetooth Gulch; La Porte; Boulder. 4. NAUMBURGIA Moench. Turrep LoosEstRIFE. a. Naumburgia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby. In shallow water and swamps from N. S. and Alaska to Pa., Colo. and Ore.; also in Europe—Alt. about 5000 ft—Ft. Collins. 5. DODECATHEON L. American Cows.Lip, SHOOTING STAR. Anthers subsessile or nearly so ; tube of the filaments, if any, less than 0.5 mm. long. a. D. multifiorum. Anthers not subsessile; filaments united into a distinct tube, 1-3 mm. long. Anthers more than twice as long as the short filaments. Leaves entire. Leaf-blades oval or oblong; bracts oblong, mostly obtuse; plant slender; flowers 1-3 (rarely 4-5). 2. D. philoscia. Leaf-blades oblanceolate; bracts lanceolate, acute; plant usually stout and many-flowered. 3. D. radicatum. Leaves sinuately dentate. 4. D. sinuatum. Anthers less than twice as long as the filaments. 5. D. paucifiorum. 1. Dodecatheon multiflorum Rydb. In wet meadows of Colo. and Wyo.— Alt. 8000-gooo ft.—Sangre de Cristo Creek. 2. Dodecatheon philoscia A. Nels. In wet meadows of Colo. and Wyo.— Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—William’s Cafion, near Pike’s Peak; Walton Creek; Sargent’s; Pike’s Peak; Ft. Collins. 3. Dodecatheon radicatum Greene. In wet meadows from S. D. and Wyo. to Kans. and N. Mex.—Alt. 7o000-11,000 ft.—Eldora to Baltimore; Berthoud Pass; Dark Cafion; Bear Creek Cafion; Grayback mining camps and Placer Gulch; Walden; below Colorado Springs; Idaho Springs; West Indian Creek; Veta Mountain; South Park; East Indian Creek; Lake City; Horse- tooth Gulch; forks of Poudre and Big South; gulch west of Dixon Cafion; Pennock’s mountain ranch; Hematite; Pike’s Peak. 4. Dodecatheon sinuatum Rydb. (D. radicatum sinuatum Rydb.) Shady wet banks and wet meadows in Colo.—Alt. 5000-8000 ft.—Foot-hills, Larimer Co.; Buena Vista; foothills west of Ft. Collins. 5. Dodecatheon pauciflorum (Durand) Greene. In wet meadows and along streams from Mackenzie and Sask. to Colo—Alt. about 8500 ft—Columbine. 264 PRIMULACEAE. 6. GLAUX L. Sra Mirxwort, Brack SALTWwort. 1. Glaux maritima L. On beaches and in salt marshes from Newf, and Alaska to N. J., Colo. and Ore.—Alt. about 5000 ft—-New Windsor, Weld Co.; Ft. Collins; Cache la Poudre. Order 41. OLEALES. Family 106. OLEACEAE Lindl. Otive Famity. Fruit a samara. 1. FRAXINUS, Fruit a drupe. z. ADELIA, x. FRAXINUS L. Asu. 1. Fraxinus anomala Torr. In cafions from western Colo. and Utah to Ariz.—Alt. 4500-5000 ft—Grand Junction; Deer River; between Hotchkiss and Smith’s Fork. 2. ADELIA P. Br. 1. Adelia neo-mexicana (A. Gray) Kuntze. (Forestiera neo-mexicana A. Gray; F. acuminata parvifolia A. Gray) On hills from Colo. to Tex. and N. M.—San Juan (Brandegee). Order 42. GENTIANALES. Corolla-lobes convolute or imbricated in the bud; leaves typically opposite and simple. 107. GENTIANACEAE. Corolla-lobes induplicate-valvate in the bud; leaves alternate, in ours mostly basal and trifoliolate. 108. MENYANTHACEAE. Family 107. GENTIANACEAE Dumont. GentTIAN FamIty. Style filiform, mostly deciduous; anthers recurving or twisted at maturity. Corolla small, red, rose or yellowish; tube surpassing the calyx; filaments spirally twisted. 1. ERYTHRAEA. Corolla large, blue, purple or white; tube much shorter than the calyx; stamens recurved. 2. Eustoma. Style stout and short or none, persistent. Corolla without nectariferous pits, glands or scales. Corolla campanulate, funnelform or salvershaped; calyx 4-5-lobed; stamens inserted in the corolla-tube. Corolla without plaits or lobes at the sinuses ; calyx without an intercalycine membrane; sepals imbricated. Flowers 4-merous, rather large, usually over 3 cm. long; corolla-lobes more or less fringed or toothed; inner sepals broader, membraneous- margined, 3- ANTHOPOGON. Flowers small, 5-merous (seldom 4-merous), less than 2 cm. long; outer sepals the broader; corolla-lobes never fringed, rarely toothed. 4. AMARELLA, Corolla plicate in the sinuses; the plaits more or less extended into mem- braneous lobes or teeth; calyx with an intercalycine membrane; its lobes valvate. Dwarf annuals or biennials; flowers solitary, terminal; anthers cordate- versatile. 5. CHONDROPHYLLA. Perennials; flowers short-peduncled, at least some of them axillary; anthers linear or oblong, extrorse. 6. DASYSTEPHANA. Corolla rotate; calyx 4-5-parted to near the base; stamens inserted on the base of the corolla. 7. PLEUROGYNE. GENTIANACEAE. 265 Corolla with nectariferous glands, pits or scales. Style none; leaves opposite, rarely alternate; corolla without a crown at the base. 8. SwERTIA. Style manifest ; leaves in ours verticillate ; corolla with a crown at the base. g. FRASERA. 1. ERYTHRAEA Neck. CENTAURY, CANCHALAGUA. a, Erythraea arizonica (A. Gray) Rydb. (E. calycosa arizonica A. Gray) In sandy soil from Colo. and Utah to Ariz—Hotchkiss, Delta Co. 2. EUSTOMA Salisb. 1. Eustoma Russellianum (L.) Griseb. In wet meadows from Neb. and Colo. to La. and N. M.; also Mex.—Alt. 4000-5500 ft.—Tobe Miller’s ranch; La Porte, Larimer Co.; Ft. Collins; Denver. 3. ANTHOPOGON Neck. Frincep GENTIAN. Annuals or biennials; flowers on naked long peduncles terminating the branches, not bracteate. ‘ 1. A. elegans. Perennials; flowers short-peduncled in the axils of two bract-like leaves. z. A. barbellatus. 1. Anthopogon elegans (A. Nels.) Rydb. (Gentiana elegans A. Nels.) In wet places from Mackenzie to Colo. and Ariz—Alt. 8000-13,000 ft.—Goose Creek; Westcliffe; 4 miles west of Cameron Pass; White River Plateau; Twin Lakes; McCoy; Columbine; Keblar Pass; North Park; near Pagosa Peak; Grand Lake; Mt. Bartlett; Robinson; Mt. Harvard; North Park near Teller; Long’s Peak; Medicine Bow Mountains; Chambers’ Lake; South Park at Jefferson; Breckenridge. 2. Anthopogon barbellatus (Engelm.) Rydb. (Gentiana barbellata Engelm. ; G. Moseleyi A. Nels.) In mountain meadows and in wet places on the peaks of Colo.—Alt. goo0-12,000 ft—Mt. Harvard; Pike’s Peak; Gentian Dell; near Breckenridge; Gray’s Peak; Vance Junction; Cameron Pass. 4. AMARELLA Gileb. GENTIAN. Flowers solitary on long peduncles; stems depressed, cespitose. 1. A, monantha. Flowers numerous, short-peduncled; stems erect, leafy, more simple. Calyx-lobes very unequal; two of them large, foliaceous, ovate or oval, much broader than the rest and covering them. 2. A. heterosepala. Calyx-lobes somewhat unequal, but all oblong, lanceolate or linear. Flowers numerous, crowded, very short-peduncled; the whole inflorescence dense and spike-like; leaves usually equalling or exceeding the internodes. 3. A. strictiflora. Flowers rather few, distinctly peduncled; middle internodes elongated and usually longer than the leaves. Larger sepals usually half as long as the corolla or longer; plant stout, 2-4 dm. high; stem-leaves lanceolate. 4. A. scopulorum. Sepals less than half as long as the corolla; plant slender, 1-2, seldom 3 dm. high; stem-leaves usually ovate-lanceolate. 5. A. plebeja. 1, Amarella monantha (A. Nels.) Rydb. (Gentiana tenella A. Gray, in part; not Rottb.; G. monantha A. Nels.) In wet places of Colo.—Alt. 8000- 12,000 ft.—Mirror Lake; headwaters of Clear Creek, near Empire. 266 GENTIANACEAE. z. Amarella heterosepala (Engelm.) Greene. (Gentiana heterosepala Engelm.) In damp ground in Utah and Colo.—Alt. about 9000 ft.—Near Pagosa Peak; divide road to Steamboat Springs; western Gunnison Co. 3. Amarella strictiflora (Rydb.) Greene. (Gentiana amarella stricta S. Wats.; G. strictifora Rydb.) On hillsides and damp places from Sask. and Alaska to Colo. and Calif.—Alt. 7500-12,000 ft—Empire; mountains between Sunshine and Ward; Gunnison; Lake John; North Park; Mt. Harvard; Ribbon Lake; Estes Park, Larimer Co.; Seven Lakes; Chambers’ Lake; Bottomless Pit, Pike’s Peak; headwaters of Clear Creek near Empire; Bergen Park; South Park, southeast of Jefferson; Baxter’s ranch. 4. Amarella scopulorum Greene. (Gentianella Clementis Rydb.) In damp places from Mont. and S. D. to Colo. and Ariz.—Alt. g000-12,000 ft.— Clear Lake; Idaho Springs; Palsgrove Cafion; Ruxton Dell; Minnehaha; Middle Park; below Half-way House, Pike’s Peak; Graymont; Hamor’s Lake above Durango; Artist’s Glen near Pike’s Peak; Pike’s Peak; Silver Plume; headwaters of Clear Creek; Bosworth’s ranch. 5. Amarella plebeja (Cham.) Greene. (Gentiana plebeja Cham.; G. Amarella acuta A. Gray; not Hook.) In wet places from Mackenzie and Alaska to Colo. and Calif. (?).—Alt. 8000-10,000 ft—Georgetown; Middle Park, near Cozzens; Marshall Pass; Grand Lake; Deep Creek Lake; north of Steamboat Springs; vicinity of Pine Grove. Amarella plebeja Holmii (Wettst.) Rydb. (Gentiana plebeja Holmii Wettst.; G. Amarella nana Engelm.)