Cuba: Siboney-Jutici - biological : Fa inventories 10 Cuba: Siboney-Jutici Ansel Fong G., David Maceira F., William S. Alverson, y/and Jennifer M. Shopland, editores/editors ABRIL/APRIL 2005 Instituciones Participantes /Participating Institutions tr Field The Field Museum useum 25 Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas Y y Biodiversidad (BIOECO), y/and BIOECO Museo de Historia Natural a os “Tomás Romay” a Museo Nacional de UCIONAl a nr Historia Natural de Cuba a LOS INFORMES DE LOS INVENTARIOS BIOLÓGICOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY THE FIELD MUSEUM Environmental and Conservation Programs 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 U.S.A. T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 www. fieldmuseum.org Editores/Editors Ansel Fong G., David Maceira F., William S. Alverson, y/and Jennifer M. Shopland Diseno/Design Costello Communications, Chicago Traducciones / Translations Tyana Wachter, Guillermo Knell, Patricia Álvarez, Jennifer M. Shopland, y/and William S. Alverson The Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro y está exenta de impuestos federales bajo sección 501 (c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno. / The Field Museum is a nonprofit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 0-914868-58-6 ©2005 por The Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados. / ©2005 by The Field Museum. All rights reserved. Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los Informes de los Inventarios Biológicos Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las de The Field Museum./Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Biological Inventories Reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of The Field Museum. Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por la John D.and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation./This publication has been funded in part by the John D.and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Cita sugerida/Suggested citation Fong G., A., D. Maceira F., W. S. Alverson, y/and J. M. Shopland, eds. 2005. Cuba: Siboney-Juticí. Rapid Biological Inventories Report 10. The Field Museum, Chicago. Créditos fotográficos/ Photography credits Carátula/Cover: Phyllonycteris poeyi (Phyllostomatidae), un murciélago endémico cubano, en las cuevas de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí. Foto de Nicasio Viña Dávila. / Phyllonycteris poeyi (Phyllostomatidae), an endemic Cuban bat, in the caves of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. Photo by Nicasio Viña Dávila. Carátula interior/Inner cover: El Mar Caribe baña la costa rocosa de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí. La segunda y la tercera terrazas de la Reserva se levantan hacia arriba como escalones gigantescos (en el centro de la imagen). La Sierra de la Gran Piedra (la parte oriental de la Sierra Maestra) se ve al fondo (carátula interior anterior). El pueblo de Siboney se ubica al este de la Bahía de Santiago de Cuba y justo en el extremo este de la Reserva, con la Sierra de la Gran Piedra al fondo (carátula interior posterior). Foto de W. S. Alverson./The Caribbean Sea washes against the rocky coastline of the lowermost geological terrace of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. The second and third terraces rise like giant steps (in the center of the image). The Sierra de la Gran Piedra (the eastern part of the Sierra Maestra) is visible in the background (front inner cover). The town of Siboney is situated east of Santiago de Cuba Bay, at the eastern end of the Reserve, with the Sierra de la Gran Piedra in the background (back inner cover). Photo by W.S. Alverson. Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 2C, 2D, 3A-G, W. S. Alverson; Fig.5G, T. Barksdale; Figs. 5A-D, A. Fong G.; Figs. 4E-G, D. Maceira F.; Figs. 5E, 5F, L. Melián H.; Figs. 4A, 4B, A. Sánchez-Ruiz; Figs. 4C, 4D, R. Teruel; Figs. 6A, 6C-F, OM. D. Tuttle, Bat Conservation International; Fig. 6B, N.Viña Dávila. cuevas que existen dentro de esta área, pues 2 de estos endémica de Cuba es el escorpión Centruroides gracilis, a . Ñ ; endémicos viven exclusivamente en ellas y otras 6 un elemento introducido accidentalmente por los seres . rs nae especies las frecuentan, por lo que el 47% de las 17 humanos en el archipiélago cubano y de amplia : ; Ae ae especies del area utilizan normalmente las cavernas distribución en todo el territorio nacional (Armas 1988; Teruel 1997, 2000b, 2001b), que dentro de la Reserva se localiza exclusivamente en sitios antropizados. como hábitat. Se necesitan también más estudios de la ecología poblacional de las especies endémicas de la 60 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Reserva para evaluar la estabilidad de sus poblaciones en el futuro. MARIPOSAS Participante/Autor: Jorge Luis Fontenla Rizo Objetos de conservación: Parides gundlachianus, una especie carismática y endémica de Cuba (C4, C5)* INTRODUCCION Antes del inventario rapido de septiembre 2002, no existia documentacion sobre las mariposas de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, excepto algunos ejemplares colectados en Siboney y depositados en la colección de mariposas del Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática. MÉTODOS Realicé las observaciones en el sector Siboney de la Reserva (la parte oriental), hasta la entrada al sector Juticí, a unos 3-4 km al oeste. RESULTADOS Observé 37 especies (Apéndice 7). Por lo general, las zonas y bosques bajos de Cuba, como Siboney, son los más ricos en especies de mariposas. Es muy probable que el número de especies posibles a observar en el área oscile alrededor de 50. Parides gundlachianus (Papilionidae) está localizada en algunas zonas de las Regiones Oriental y Occidental de Cuba. Siboney es una de las áreas de Cuba donde se encuentra una población estable y relativamente abundante de esta especie. Burca braco, también presente, es una especie rara, asociada a zonas costeras. AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES La amenaza potencial es la deforestación, pero no está ocurriendo en la Reserva en el presente. Existen oportunidades para la conservación de especies raras O especialistas de habitat como Calisto sibylla, Anaea cubana, e Hypna clytemnestra en la Reserva. HIMENOPTEROS Participantes /Autores: Eduardo Portuondo F. y Jorge Luis Fontenla Rizo Objetos de conservación: Las cinco especies endémicas de Cuba (C4)* INTRODUCCIÓN La Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí tiene entre sus objetivos preservar una serie de ecosistemas propios de la costa suroriental, que por sus particularidades climáticas, geológicas, y edafológicas condicionan una biota con alto valor patrimonial, dado el alto endemismo que presenta su flora y fauna. De esta última, los grupos mejor estudiados han sido los vertebrados. Para los himenópteros, Alayo (1970) cita la localidad de Siboney y otras aledañas para un significativo número de especies. Portuondo (2000) realizó un monitoreo de un año con platos amarillos en la localidad. Este estudio mostró cuáles eran las especies más comunes y la estacionalidad en su abundancia. El nivel de endemismo aún no está determinado, ya que no existe una revisión completa de las especies de este orden en Cuba. MÉTODOS La metodología consistió en la utilización de una trampa Malaise por 48 h, pero debido a la situación meteorológica creada por el Huracán Lily, las colectas no fueron abundantes. Por tanto, en los resultados se incluye también la información obtenida durante un estudio previo (Portuondo 2000). Las determinaciones fueron realizadas por E. Portuondo y J. L. Fontenla (para las hormigas). RESULTADOS Los himenópteros estuvieron representados por al menos 107 especies de 10 familias (Apéndice 8). De ellas, Formicidae y Sphecidae fueron las más abundantes, tanto en número de individuos como de especies. Las * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación /Información en las páginas 33-34 de este informe. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 61 hormigas constituyen el grupo preponderante por el alto número de individuos y de especies. La fauna de hormigas de esta reserva puede ser considerada rica si se compara con otras localidades. Registramos 36 especies, de las cuales Forelius pruinosus, Paratrechina longicornis, Dorymyrmex insanus, y Solenopsis geminata constituyen las más abundantes. De Sphecidae, identificamos 19 especies, entre las cuales las especies de Trypoxylum son las más frecuentes. Igualmente es común un complejo de al menos 4 especies del género Liris. Están presentes a su vez las 5 especies del género Tachysphex citadas para Cuba, incluyendo T. dominicanus (reportada por Pulawski 1988). Dos registros interesantes son la presencia en la Reserva de (1) la especie Solierella sola, la cual fue descrita recientemente (Genaro y Portuondo 2001) y (2) una especie del género Nitela aún por identificar, ambas encontradas durante los trabajos previos al inventario rápido. La tercera familia en número de individuos fue Apidae (considerando dentro de ésta a todas las abejas), pero con la determinación de sólo 9 especies, de las cuales Ceratina cockerelli y Apis mellifera fueron las preponderantes. A continuación se ubica un complejo de especies del género Lasioglossum (al menos 3 especies). La familia Bethylidae estuvo representada por un alto porcentaje de sus géneros registrados para Cuba. Entre los himenópteros parasíticos, encontramos al menos 12 géneros de sceliónidos (Scelionidae) en la Reserva. De ellos, el más común fue uno no descrito aún (Masner com. per.), distribuido en las Antillas y el cual se presenta con más de 1 especie. Individuos del género Scelio, con al menos 2 especies, fueron comunes también. Siguieron los bracónidos representados con los géneros Opius y Chelonus como los más frecuentes. AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES La principal amenaza para la biodiversidad de la Reserva es la presión generada por el incremento de los núcleos poblacionales aledaños, por lo que se hace imprescindible el uso de medios legales y de educación para contrarrestar y evitar la presión humana. A su vez es necesario un plan de manejo bien elaborado para recuperar la flora de la Reserva, lo cual redundaría en beneficio de las poblaciones de insectos autóctonos. ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES TERRESTRES Participante/Autor: Ansel Fong G. Objetos de conservación: Cuatro especies con distribuciones geográficas restringidas (Eleutherodactylus etheridgei [Fig. 5Al, Sphaerodactylus docimus, dos especies no descritas del género Sphaerodactylus [Fig. 5B]) (C4); dos especies (Cyclura nubila, Epicrates angulifer [Fig. 5D]) con alguna presión por la persecución humana y consideradas Vulnerable y Casi Amenazada, respectivamente, por UICN (C5)* INTRODUCCIÓN La existencia de condiciones climáticas extremas, el tipo de suelo, y una vegetación con características únicas en Cuba parecen haber favorecido la presencia de comunidades faunísticas con una alta riqueza de especies y elevado endemismo en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney- Juticí. Los anfibios y reptiles de esta reserva no son una excepción, pero nunca antes se habían estudiado y no existe ninguna publicación que los trate por separado o junto a otros elementos de la fauna. Aún con la importancia de estos grupos para la conservación de la Reserva, prácticamente no se conoce nada sobre su composición, estatus, y ecología, y muy pocas acciones de conservación y manejo se han dirigido hacia los anfibios y reptiles, principalmente debido a la falta de información. MÉTODOS En este informe se reúnen los datos obtenidos (1) durante el trabajo de campo en los días 27 y 28 de septiembre del 2002 y (2) de observaciones previas realizadas en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí por el autor entre los años 1996 y 2002. Este trabajo anterior * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación/Información en las páginas 33-34 de este informe. 62 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 se centró mayormente en el sector Siboney con visitas aisladas a la localidad Sardinero y sus alrededores. Para el trabajo de campo anoté las especies observadas o escuchadas utilizando una búsqueda activa de los animales tanto durante el día como durante la noche. La búsqueda comprendió todos los microhábitats donde pudieran encontrarse anfibios y/o reptiles, desde el suelo hasta la copa de los árboles, incluyendo hojarasca, rocas, troncos caídos, ramas y troncos de árboles y arbustos, bromelias, agaváceas muertas, y bajo corteza. Además se tomaron datos de cualquier observación casual, por ejemplo durante el traslado de un sitio a otro. Solamente se recolectaron ejemplares de las especies en que fue necesario corroborar su identificación en el laboratorio, los cuales se depositaron en la colección herpetológica de BIOECO (BSC.H) y del Museo de Historia Natural “Carlos de la Torre” de Holguín (MHNH). Como forma de evaluar la abundancia en cada hábitat, anoté el número de ejemplares observado por especie, así como el lapso de tiempo dedicado a la búsqueda y el número de personas participantes. Con estos datos calculé un índice de abundancia relativa en forma del número de individuos observado por hombre- hora de observación (“ind/h-h” en Apéndice 9). RESULTADOS Riqueza de especies y sus hábitats Durante los días de trabajo de campo observé 21 especies, que sumadas a otras registradas en muestreos anteriores dan 28 especies en la Reserva: 4 anfibios y 24 reptiles (Apéndice 9). En éstas se incluyen 1 sapo, 3 ranas, 18 lagartijas, 4 serpientes, y 2 culebritas ciegas. De las 7 especies no observadas durante este inventario, la salamanquita Sphaerodactylus docimus es la más rara, pues sólo se conoce un ejemplar recolectado en esta reserva (en la localidad Juticí) a principios del siglo veinte. En el trabajo de campo hice una búsqueda intensiva en dicha localidad pero no re-localicé la especie. Teniendo en cuenta la pequeña área de esta reserva (20.8 km?) y que representa solamente el 0.01% de la superficie de la isla de Cuba, el número de reptiles presente en la misma es alto, pues constituye el 17.6% de las especies cubanas y el 34.8% de las de la Sierra Maestra, macizo montañoso donde se encuentra enclavada el área de trabajo. En la herpetofauna de la Reserva predominan los géneros Eleutherodactylus, Sphaerodactylus, y Anolis en cuanto a número de especies (Apéndice 9), lo mismo que sucede en la fauna cubana en general y en la Sierra Maestra en particular (Fong 2000). En referencia a la abundancia, las lagartijas Anolis jubar, A. argenteolus, y Ameiva auberi dominan durante el día, mientras que la ranita Eleutherodactylus ionthus predomina en los horarios nocturnos. Otra lagartija, Leiocephalus carinatus, es también abundante, pero mayormente hacia las zonas con menos vegetación y más cercanas al mar. En cuanto a los tipos de hábitats, en el matorral xeromorfo observé el mayor número de especies (Apéndice 9), no encontrándose en él solamente 2 reptiles, la lagartija Anolis sagrei y la serpiente Epicrates angulifer (Fig. SD) (dentro de la Reserva la primera vive sólo en vegetación secundaria y la segunda en cuevas). En este tipo de hábitat también viven 8 especies (el 28.6% del total) que no se encuentran en otros tipos de vegetación en la Reserva. La vegetación secundaria y las cuevas presentaron el número de especies más bajo, sólo 2 en cada una (Apéndice 9), mientras que el resto tuvieron números intermedios de especies (entre 4 y 11). El alto número de especies en el matorral xeromorfo y el bajo número en la vegetación secundaria podrían ser un indicador del estado de conservación de esta reserva, indicando que el hábitat natural ha conservado la mayoría de las especies que originalmente lo habitaron, y que pocas especies han necesitado desplazarse o adaptarse a áreas antropizadas. Este aspecto debe ser considerado para el manejo de la Reserva (ver Amenazas y Recomendaciones, debajo). Especies endémicas El bajo número de anfibios en la Reserva se debe a las características áridas del área, las altas temperaturas e CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 63 insolación, la baja humedad relativa, y las escasas precipitaciones—condiciones adversas para los anfibios —lo que provoca que sólo algunas especies resistentes puedan habitar allí. Sin embargo el endemismo de los anfibios es alto. Tres de las 4 especies son endémicas cubanas; 1 de ellas es exclusiva de los macizos montañosos de la Región Oriental de Cuba, y otra es endémica local y conocida sólo de tres sitios en la costa sur de las provincias Guantánamo y Santiago de Cuba (Apéndice 9). En comparación, hay 13 especies endémicas de reptiles, para un 54.2% de endemismo, un valor que puede considerarse bajo si lo comparamos con el de Cuba o el de la Sierra Maestra (81.6 y 71.9%, respectivamente; Fong 2000). Este número relativamente bajo de endémicos tiene la importancia de que más de un tercio (5 especies) son endémicas de la Región Oriental de Cuba y 3 de ellas son conocidas exclusivamente de una franja de unos 250 km en la zona costera al sur de las provincias Granma y Santiago de Cuba. Debe tenerse en cuenta también el bajo porcentaje que representa el área de esta reserva con respecto a la del territorio cubano; no obstante, la Reserva protege en su interior al 11.7% de las especies de reptiles endémicas de Cuba y al 26.5% de las de la Sierra Maestra. Registros nuevos y significativos Entre los registros más interesantes está la presencia de Eleutherodactylus etheridgei (Fig. SA) en áreas de la Reserva. Recolecté esta ranita en Siboney y Juticí, constituyendo dos nuevas localidades para la especie, que anteriormente sólo se conocía de Santiago de Cuba (por un único ejemplar) y de la Base Naval de Guantánamo (Schwartz y Henderson 1991). Este registro tiene la importancia adicional de ser las únicas localidades que se encuentran dentro de áreas protegidas cubanas, favoreciendo con ello la conservación de esta especie que ya había sido considerada amenazada (Vale et al. 1998). Otras ampliaciones de distribución son la presencia en Siboney de la salamanca Hemidactylus haitianus y una especie de culebrita ciega del género Typhlops asignable a la especie T. biminiensis. De esta última recolecté un solo ejemplar, por lo que su confirmación requiere de la captura de más individuos y de que se publiquen las nuevas especies de este género que se encuentran actualmente en preparación (Hedges 1999, en prep.). Durante este viaje observé en el sector Siboney y recolecté por primera vez en la localidad Juticí ejemplares de una especie no descrita del género Sphaerodactylus (Fig. 5B). Esta salamanquita había sido descubierta hace algunos años y se encuentra en proceso de descripción (Fong y Díaz en prensa). Su distribución está restringida a tres localidades dentro de la Reserva: Siboney, Juticí, y Sardinero. Recolecté otra especie de este mismo género, también en proceso de descripción, dentro de la Reserva; pero no parece ser abundante allí. Su distribución abarca varios puntos de la costa suroriental de la provincia Santiago de Cuba en una franja que se extiende a unos 80 km en sentido este- oeste (Fong y Díaz en prensa). AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES La presencia dentro de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney- Juticí de cuatro especies amenazadas —+tres reptiles y una ranita —aumenta su importancia para la herpetofauna cubana y en especial para la conservación y protección de los elementos más sensibles de la fauna. Dos especies de reptiles están incluidas en la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas (Hilton-Taylor 2000): la iguana cubana (Cyclura nubila) y el majá de Santa María (Epicrates angulifer; Fig. 5D). Puede considerarse que estos reptiles estan amenazados por la | caza y la persecución en Cuba, ya que son utilizados como alimento por la población y al majá muchas veces se le da muerte por miedo y desconocimiento. La presión actual que ejercen los pobladores sobre estas dos especies en la Reserva es desconocida, pero debe aumentarse la eficacia del control e incrementar programas de educación ambiental que colaboren en la protección y conservación de estos reptiles amenazados. 64 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Otras dos especies, aunque no incluidas en la Lista Roja, están consideradas amenazadas en el Estudio Nacional de Biodiversidad de Cuba (Vale et al. 1998). Estas especies son la ranita Eleutherodactylus etheridge: (Fig. SA) y la salamanquita Sphaerodactylus docimus, cuya situación en la Reserva ya ha sido explicada en este trabajo. Las dos fueron incluidas en la categoría Vulnerable debido a su restringida distribución geográfica y a la destrucción que están sufriendo los hábitats donde se encuentran. La extensión que ocupa el matorral xeromorfo, la presencia de especies únicas de esta vegetación, y su alta diversidad específica hacen de este hábitat el principal interés para la conservación de los anfibios y reptiles dentro de la Reserva. Se hace necesario el estricto control de la extracción de madera, los incendios, y la entrada de personal ajena a la Reserva, pues estos factores provocan la destrucción de este hábitat y sus microhábitats, afectando a la fauna de anfibios y reptiles. Un aspecto importante para ayudar en la conservación del matorral xeromorfo, y con ello de la fauna, sería la educación de la población aledaña a la Reserva a través de programas de educación ambiental como el mencionado en párrafos anteriores. Las declinaciones y extinciones que se han producido en los anfibios de casi todo el mundo (Barinaga 1990; Wake 1991) y su observación en islas caribeñas (Hedges 1993; Joglar y Burrowes 1996), así como la desaparición de algunas especies cubanas en lugares donde su hábitat original ha sido modificado (Fong 1999), hacen pensar que este fenómeno pudiera estarse produciendo también en Cuba, aun más si se considera la falta de estudios sobre este tema en la isla. Por tanto, un aspecto a tener en cuenta es el estudio de los anfibios para detectar cualquier cambio que pudiera producirse en esas poblaciones. En estos momentos se está iniciando un programa de monitoreo de los anfibios de esta reserva, el cual puede convertirse en una vía rápida de alarma ante disminuciones poblacionales o extinciones masivas en dicha área. AVES Participantes/Autores: Luis O. Melián Hernández, Douglas F. Stotz, Debra K. Moskovits, y Freddy Rodríguez Santana Objetos de conservación: Una especie endémica de distribución restringida en Cuba (Polioptila lembeyei, Fig. 5E) (C4); un endémico cubano amenazado que al parecer vive estacionalmente en la Reserva (Mellisuga helenae; Fig. 5G) (C4, C5); dos especies endémicas de Cuba con grandes poblaciones en la Reserva (Vireo gundlachii y Teretistris fornsi, Fig. 5F) (C4); aves paserinas migratorias de Norteamérica (C7)* INTRODUCCIÓN La Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, en la costa sudeste de Cuba, está cubierta casi enteramente con una vegetación xerofítica arbustiva. Por esta razón, la avifauna residente no es tan diversa como aquella que se encuentra en áreas protegidas que proporcionan una mayor diversidad de bosques y hábitats de agua dulce. Sin embargo, la Reserva tiene una población grande de una de las aves endémicas de distribución más restringida en Cuba, el Sinsontillo (Polioptila lembeyei; Fig. SE). Además, su situación geográfica puede hacer que éste sea un lugar de suma importancia para los paserinos migratorios de Norteamérica que pasan por el Caribe en la primavera y en el otoño. MÉTODOS Melián H., Stotz, y Moskovits fueron los ornitólogos a cargo del inventario en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney- Juticí en los días 27 y 28 de septiembre del 2002. Rodríguez S. aportó información adicional sobre otras especies observadas anteriormente en el área. Caminando a través de senderos y caminos, observamos y registramos cada ave vista u oída. Los muestreos comenzaron de media hora a una hora antes del amanecer. Permanecimos en el campo mientras hubo luz, excepto por un período de unas dos horas durante el mediodía. Sumamos el número de individuos observados por cada especie de ave para conocer la abundancia relativa del ave en el área. * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación /Información en las páginas 33-34 de este informe. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 65 RESULTADOS Durante el inventario del 27 y 28 de septiembre del 2002, registramos 48 especies. De éstas, la Bijirita Castaña (Dendroica castanea) constituye un nuevo reporte para el Oriente de Cuba, y 4 especies constituyen nuevos reportes para la Reserva: el Verdón de Pecho Amarillo (Vireo flavifrons), la Bijirita de Cabeza Negra (Dendroica striata), la Bijirita Protonotaria (Protonotaria citrea), y la Bijirita Castaña. Para el área de la Reserva de Siboney se conocían 68 especies. Con los nuevos reportes su número se eleva a 72 (Apéndice 10). Especies endémicas Se conocen 22 especies de aves endémicas de Cuba (si se incluye la Golondrina Azul Cubana, Progne cryptoleuca, que nidifica solamente en Cuba pero sale del país durante el invierno). Observamos 5 de estos endémicos durante el inventario (Dives atroviolacea, Polioptila lembeyei [Fig. SE], Teretistris fornsi [Fig. SF], Todus multicolor, Vireo gundlachii), además de los cuales se conocen otras 5 especies endémicas en la Reserva (Glaucidium siju, Mellisuga helenae [Fig. 5G], Priotelus temnurus, Tiaris canora, y Xiphidiopicus percussus). A pesar de las adversas condiciones ambientales, en la Reserva se pueden observar 10 de las especies de aves endémicas cubanas, aunque muchas de ellas en muy bajas densidades. Sin embargo, la abundancia del Sinsontillo (Polioptila lembeyei; Fig. SE) y del Pechero (Teretistris fornsi; Fig. 5F) fue muy alta, al igual que la abundancia del Juan Chiví (Vireo gundlachi1). Todas estas especies se encontraron regularmente en grupos que eran de hasta 8 individuos para el caso del Sinsontillo, 16 para el Pechero, y el Juan Chiví usualmente se presentó en parejas dentro de las bandadas mixtas compuestas de estas y otras especies de bijiritas migratorias (especialmente de la Mariposa Galana, Dendroica discolor). El Sinsontillo (Fig. SE), restringido a la vegetación xerofítica costera del sureste de Cuba además de un área pequeña en Sancti-Spiritus y en algunos cayos al norte de Cuba, no está amenazado. Sin embargo, debido a su pequeño rango de distribución dentro del cual ya se está desarrollando el turismo (o existen potencialidades para su desarrollo) y debido a su susceptibilidad a huracanes, debe ser considerado vulnerable. La gran población existente en la Reserva puede ser la más importante de esta especie. Aunque durante el inventario rápido no detectamos la presencia del Zunzuncito (Mellisuga helenae; Fig. SG), si se conoce de su presencia en la Reserva por otros trabajos realizados en el área, e incluso fue filmado por colegas del Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. Al parecer, su presencia en la Reserva es fluctuante en el tiempo, apareciendo allí sobre todo durante la época de mayor floración, especialmente de Agave underwoodu. Serían útiles estudios de esta ave endémica amenazada y su relación con especies migratorias, las que se han observado utilizando los mismos recursos tróficos que el Zunzuncito y por tanto suponemos compiten con él. Especies migratorias A pesar de lo temprano en la estación cuando se llevó a cabo el inventario biológico rápido, el número considerable y la riqueza de especies de bijiritas migratorias vistas sugieren que los migrantes se estuvieran congregando a lo largo de la costa, esperando condiciones favorables para continuar su migración hacia el sur. Estudios numerosos a lo largo de la Costa del Golfo de Norteamérica (p. ej., Able 1972; Moore y Simons 1992; Yong y Moore 1997; Moore 2000) han destacado la importancia de sitios de parada de alta calidad en la costa propia para aves migratorias que hacen vuelos de larga distancia a través del Golfo de México. Estudios en La Española indican que en esta isla las aves migratorias usan de forma preferencial un tipo parecido de matorral como hábitat de parada (Latta y Brown 1999). Probablemente la costa sureste de Cuba, y Siboney en particular, juegan un papel significativo durante la migración de primavera tanto como de verano como sitio de parada para aves paserinas migratorias que pasan por el mar Caribe. Estudios del uso de hábitat en Siboney serían una base importante para un plan de conservación para estas aves. 66 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 La Mariposa Galana (Dendroica discolor) es extremadamente común en Siboney, con varios individuos de esta especie presentes en las bandadas mixtas observadas. En total, observamos nueve especies de bijiritas migratorias además del Verdón de Pecho Amarillo (Vireo flavifrons) que constituye el primer registro para Siboney. Casi todas estas aves estaban formando parte de bandadas mixtas. La observación más notable entre estas especies migratorias fue la de un individuo de la Bijirita Castaña (Dendroica castanea), observado el 28 de septiembre, que constituye el primer reporte de esta especie para la Región Oriental de Cuba. También, observamos 10 individuos de la Bijirita de Cabeza Negra (Dendroica striata) y una Bijirita Protonotaria (Protonotaria citrea); ambas observaciones constituyen el primer registro de la especie para la Reserva. AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES La tala de árboles para ser utilizados como combustible y carbón, además de la presencia de animales domésticos en áreas de la Reserva, constituyó una amenaza para la biodiversidad del área en períodos recientes, lo que debe ser vigilado y considerado durante la elaboración de los planes de manejo para revertir los impactos causados por esta práctica. Otra de las acciones que atenta contra la biodiversidad es la captura de aves para el comercio de mascotas, fundamentalmente del Tomeguín de la Tierra (Tiaris olivacea) y el Negrito (Melopyrrha nigra). Todavía no se sabe el posible daño que esta actividad cause a las poblaciones de estas especies. La presencia de un camino a través del área más baja (en la primera terraza, ya degradada) facilita el acceso de personas ajenas a la Reserva para realizar acciones extractivas. Controlar el acceso de personas por esta vía puede contribuir a eliminar gran parte de las amenazas mencionadas anteriormente. La Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, y el matorral xeromorfo costero del sur de Cuba, parecen ser áreas importantes como sitios de invernada y de reaprovisionamiento para muchas especies de aves migratorias de Norteamérica dos veces al año, por lo que esta área puede servir de sitio ideal para estudios sobre la ecología de la migración de estas especies. Sugerimos estos inventarios e investigaciones: = Inventarios más completos de las poblaciones de las especies migratorias = Estudios ecológicos de las poblaciones de Sinsontillo, Zunzuncito, Juan Chiví, y Pechero, especialmente en aquellas áreas perturbadas con presencia de Acacia: ¿Por qué son tan densas las poblaciones de estas especies en hábitats aparentemente tan simples, con una baja diversidad de especies de plantas? * Documentar el valor de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney- Juticí como una “parada de reaprovisionamiento” para las especies migratorias transeúntes En general, hay que crear mejores vías de acceso para los investigadores hacia la zona más alta en la parte norte de la Reserva, para facilitar las actividades de investigación. MAMÍFEROS TERRESTRES Participante/Autor: Nicasio Viña D. Objetos de conservación: Especies endémicas de murciélagos (Antrozous koopmani, Phyllonycteris poeyi [portada, y Fig. 6B], y Stenoderma falcatum) (C4); especies de murciélagos en la Lista Roja de UICN 2004 (Tadarida brasiliensis muscula, Mormoops blainvillei [Fig. 6F], Pteronotus macleayi macleayi, Pteronotus quadridens quadridens, y Phyllonycteris poeyi) (C5); comunidades de murciélagos porque son las más numerosas en ejemplares y especies del país (C3); poblaciones de jutías (Capromys pilorides), por la presión de captura sobre la especie en la Reserva (C4, C6)* INTRODUCCIÓN La presencia de rocas carbonatadas en gran parte de Cuba favorece la aparición de cuevas en las que se desarrolla una variada fauna. En la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí se encuentra un conjunto de cuevas de gran importancia para la diversidad biológica cavernícola cubana por el número de especies y ejemplares presentes en la misma. Esto tiene un valor * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación/Información en las páginas 33-34 de este informe. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 67 especial para la fauna de murciélagos, pues en la pequeña área de la Reserva se han reportado muchas de las especies autóctonas cubanas. MÉTODOS Este informe se basa en los datos existentes, provenientes de varios años de trabajo en el área que han permitido conocer las especies de mamíferos presentes, y en la literatura revisada (Alayo 1958; Kratochvil et al. 1978; Silva Taboada 1979; Viña Dávila 1991). RESULTADOS Los trabajos realizados nos permitieron profundizar en la distribución de las especies y en particular en las amenazas a que se encuentran sometidas en la actualidad. Para el área de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí se han registrado 21 especies de mamíferos terrestres, de las cuales 18 tienen poblaciones vivas en la Reserva y 2 son especies exóticas establecidas. Chiroptera (Murciélagos) Se han registrado 18 especies de quirópteros en el área de la Reserva (Apéndice 11); 2 de ellas se han encontrado sólo en los sedimentos y | está extinta. El número de especies reportadas a partir de ejemplares vivos es de 15. La especie Antrozous koopmani es muy rara y se ha colectado viva en pocas ocasiones, ninguna en la Reserva, de donde se conoce sólo por restos óseos, al igual que Stenoderma falcatum. Se reporta también una especie fósil Natalus stramineus primus; sus restos se encontraron en la Cueva de la Cantera. La Cueva de los Majáes (con 11 especies) y la Cueva de la Cantera (con 6) reúnen entre ambas el 87% de las especies de murciélagos registradas vivas en la Reserva. (Las dos cuevas tienen varias especies en común; Apéndice 11.) Es muy significativo que la Reserva da protección al 55% de las especies de quirópteros cubanos vivos, aspecto que le confiere al área una alta importancia para la conservación de la fauna de murciélagos de Cuba. De las especies registradas, 3 son endémicas: Antrozous koopmani, Stenoderma falcatum, y Phyllonycteris poeyi (Fig. 6B). Esta última forma enormes colonias en la Cueva de los Majáes. P. poeyi es la máxima responsable del calentamiento de los salones donde vive, debido a su gran instinto gregario y a su alta temperatura corporal. En estos salones, conocidos como salones calientes, se alcanzan temperaturas hasta de 38°C, que, unido a valores de humedad relativa que llegan a ser superiores al 90%, generan condiciones microclimáticas muy peculiares. Las especies registradas presentan diferentes hábitos de alimentación: 10 son insectívoras; 3 se alimentan de polen, insectos, y semillas; 1 se alimenta de polen e insectos, y 1 sólo de frutas (Fig. 6). Las fuentes de alimento deben ser tomadas en consideración en la elaboración de una estrategia de conservación. Estas especies buscan y capturan el alimento fundamentalmente en áreas ubicadas fuera de la Reserva, las cuales tienen notables transformaciones, en particular por disminución de la cobertura boscosa. Para lograr la conservación de las especies de murciélagos que encuentran refugio diurno en la Reserva, se requiere de acciones de manejo fuera de los límites de la misma que garanticen la existencia de fuentes de alimentos. Estudios de sedimentos realizados en las cuevas muestran capas donde se encuentran abundantes restos óseos de murciélagos, indicadores de momentos donde se han producido un número de muertes de ejemplares superiores a lo normal. Estos períodos de mayor mortandad parecen coincidir con fenómenos naturales extremos como huracanes. El paso del ciclón Flora en 1963 originó varios días de intensas y continuas lluvias sobre todo el Oriente de Cuba; esto impidió a los murciélagos alimentarse o limitó notablemente la disponibilidad de alimento, provocando una gran cantidad de muertes en la colonia de la Cueva de los Majáes. La variación de la cobertura boscosa y el uso de insecticidas puede ser motivo de cambios en las colonias presentes en la Reserva, no habiendo sido considerados en los estudios realizados hasta el momento. Rodentia (Roedores) En la Reserva se encuentran tres especies de roedores. La jutía conga (Capromys pilorides), especie distribuida 68 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 en toda el área, ha sido cazada históricamente mediante el empleo de trampas y armas de fuego. A pesar de estar en veda permanente sigue siendo capturada de forma furtiva. No existen estudios de sus poblaciones y del impacto que produce la captura. El ratón o rata gris (Rattus norvegicus) es una especie introducida accidentalmente con la llegada de los europeos. En la Reserva tiene amplia distribución, incluso en la Cueva de los Majáes donde existe una población establecida. Nunca ha sido evaluado el impacto de esta especie sobre la fauna autóctona de la Reserva. Se han observado ejemplares del ratón doméstico (Mus musculus), también introducida, pero sólo en las instalaciones existentes en la Reserva. AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES La amenaza más importante a la fauna de mamíferos es que la mayoría de las zonas de alimentación de los murciélagos no están incluidas en la Reserva y que no existe un plan de acciones o actividades para el manejo de estas zonas. Esto es importante también para el mantenimiento de la fauna cavernícola que está en estrecha relación con los quirópteros. La fauna presente en las cuevas depende de forma directa o indirecta para su alimentación de la materia orgánica acumulada a partir de las deyecciones de las diferentes especies de murciélagos que las habitan, por lo que una estrategia de conservación de estas especies también da cobertura al resto de la fauna cavernícola. La caza de la jutía conga es una de las actividades de extracción furtivas que aun se realiza a pesar de las acciones acometidas para eliminarla, debiendo continuar el trabajo en esta dirección. Los estudios de las poblaciones de mamíferos raros, endémicos, vulnerables, o amenazados de la Reserva proveerían información sobre los efectos poblacionales del contexto ecológico y de posibles amenazas, la cual podría guiar acciones de manejo. Estos estudios también podrían servir como línea base para monitorear la eficacia de estas acciones. BIODIVERSIDAD MARINA Participantes /Autores: Leopoldo Viña D., David Maceira F., Jorge Tamayo F., Eddy Martínez Q., y Nicasio Viña D. Objetos de conservación: Especies consideradas Amenazadas por la UICN: Chelonia mydas (tortuga verde, En Peligro), Eretmochelys imbricata (carey, En Peligro Crítico), y Trichechus manatus (manatí, Vulnerable) (todas además expuestas a captura para consumo u empleo en artesanía) (C5, C6); representantes funcionales de los ocho tipos de ecosistemas marinos en la Reserva (C1)* INTRODUCCIÓN La Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí posee un sector marino donde se habían realizado algunas investigaciones, previas al inventario biológico rápido, que no estaban publicadas. Este inventario es indispensable para planificar acciones de manejo. El sector se desarrolla entre la línea costera y la isobata de 200 m, con una superficie de 641 ha. La costa tiene 10.4 km de extensión. MÉTODOS Desarrollamos el inventario del sector marino de la Reserva entre los años 1999 y 2001, en el cual caracterizamos las algas marinas, los moluscos, los corales pétreos, y los peces. Todo el trabajo lo realizamos con el empleo de escafandras autónomas, por un equipo de tres personas, en el cual dos actuaron como anotadores y uno como buzo asegurador. Cada tipo de anotación siempre fue realizada por la misma persona. Por cada un kilómetro de costa realizamos un recorrido, en total ocho, perpendicular a la misma, desde la orilla hasta los 20 m de profundidad. La información obtenida se complementó con observaciones a lo largo de toda el área para determinar la composición específica, lo que también permitió conocer la presencia de reptiles y mamíferos y de plantas vasculares. A lo largo de cada recorrido determinamos los diferentes ecosistemas presentes y sus variaciones, que georreferenciamos mediante el empleo de GPS. Anotamos * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación/Información en las paginas 33-34 de este informe. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 69 las especies observadas y mapificamos los macrohábitats encontrados. El trabajo en la zona intermareal se basó en la realización de muestreos, en cinco cuadrantes de 1 m’, separados 25 m uno del otro, cubriendo así un sector de 100 m, cuyo centro generalmente coincidía con los puntos de partida de los recorridos. RESULTADOS Caracterización de los ecosistemas marinos El levantamiento de la ubicación de los ecosistemas marinos y sus características es un paso importante para lograr los conocimientos de biodiversidad necesarios antes de poder definir el manejo de la parte marina de la Reserva. El Estudio Nacional de Biodiversidad (Vale et al. 1995) plantea que entre los principales elementos que integran los biotopos de la plataforma cubana, desempeñan un papel predominante las siguientes variables: = La estructura y distribución de los sedimentos superficiales; * Los componentes del relieve, entre los que destacan el substrato duro, los arrecifes coralinos (crestas arrecifales, arrecifes de parches, etc.), y otras estructuras naturales o impuestas por los seres humanos; = Los regímenes hidrológico e hidroquímico, los cuales se encuentran fuertemente afectados por los aportes de aguas terrígenas en algunas regiones, y/o por el océano en Otras; y = La vegetación acuática: p. ej., en el caso de Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae), además de ser el principal elemento de producción primaria (al igual que los manglares), constituye un hábitat peculiar que brinda refugio y alimento a una gran variedad de organismos. En la zona estudiada, están presentes todos estos elementos aunque con diferente intensidad y extensión. Para definir una clasificación en el estudio de los ecosistemas presentes en la Reserva, revisamos varias fuentes bibliográficas: el Estudio Nacional de Biodiversidad (Vale et al. 1995), la clasificación del CARICOMP (UNESCO 1998), el mapa de Ecosistemas Marinos del Nuevo Atlas Nacional de Cuba (Sánchez- Herrero et al. 1989), y el Rapid Ecological Assessment of Guantanamo Bay (Roca y Sedaghatkish 1998). Considerando todos estos estudios elaboramos una clasificación que permitiese un alto nivel de segregación y detalle, y de generalización al mismo tiempo, que fuese comparable con otras partes del país y la región. Se diferenciaron 8 tipos y 18 subtipos en la Reserva (Fig. 2B): = Costa de playa arenosa =" Costa rocosa — de acantilado — baja de diente de perro = Manglar * Pasto marino = Arenal con corales aislados con corales aislados y Syringodium muy escaso con Syringodium muy escaso con cabezos grandes aislados con cabezos pequeños aislados con piedras y cabezos aislados = Terraza coralina — simple con abundancia de Sargassum — de camellones bajos = Terraza rocosa llana simple — con corales aislados — con corales aislados y gorgonias (Gorgonaceae) aisladas — con corales aislados y abundancia de gorgonias — con corales aislados y abundancia de Sargassum — con corales aislados y abundancia de algas — con frecuentes oquedades, corales aislados, y alto porcentaje de coberturas de diferentes especies de algas — con algas y gorgonias aisladas = Cañón submarino En la localidad de Sardinero (Figs. 2A, 2B) se encuentra una pequeña barrera arrecifal, siendo difícil 70 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 | | | diferenciar las partes clásicas de una barrera (talud de laguna, meseta de arrecife, y zona de embate). Existe también una pequeña laguna arrecifal y cabezos de laguna todo en pequeña escala por lo que no lo incorporamos en la clasificación, dejando sólo los pastos marinos. Algas Registramos 22 especies pertenecientes a 7 familias (Apéndice 12). En el estudio para las algas de la zona intermareal, determinamos los porcentajes de cobertura en cada uno de los cinco cuadrantes de los sectores estudiados. Los resultados variaron en un rango de 20- 90% de cobertura, a excepción de uno solo en la localidad Punta Sardinero, donde el porcentaje fue nulo. Los altos porcentajes de coberturas encontrados en las cercanías de la desembocadura del río San Juan (Fig. 2A) indican una posible relación con los aportes de materia orgánica que arrastra el río. Corales Los corales reaccionan con rapidez a diferentes factores, como los incrementos de sedimentos, crecimientos de algas, y variaciones en las temperaturas. En el área registramos 23 especies y 10 familias (Apéndice 12). Estas son cifras significativas si tomamos en cuenta que entre especies, subespecies, y formas se reportan 60 para todo el archipiélago cubano. Dentro del área se observaron dos de las enfermedades de este grupo: la Banda Blanca y la Banda Negra, aunque en pocos ejemplares. Moluscos Los moluscos marinos de la Reserva presentan en general distribución en el Caribe. Hasta la actualidad no se había realizado un inventario; sólo se conocían de los aportes de Alayo (1960) y de Freire y Alayo (1947). Encontramos en la Reserva 2 clases, 6 familias, 8 géneros, y 12 especies (Apéndice 12). Para la Clase Polyplacophora citamos sólo la familia Chitonidae, con 4 especies pertenecientes a 2 géneros. Para la Clase Gastropoda registramos 5 familias, 6 géneros, y 8 especies. Obtuvimos mayor representatividad de la Clase Gastropoda, la cual posee el 66.7% de las especies y el 75.0% de los géneros. Los valores de densidad de las 11 especies de moluscos marinos registradas en las parcelas muestreadas son bajos: varían entre 0.4 individuos/m? de Fissurella nodosa y 35 individuos/m de Nodilittorina ziczac. Peces Observamos 94 especies pertenecientes a 38 familias (Apéndice 12). Las subdividimos de acuerdo a los hábitats que preferían o donde más frecuentemente se observaron, quedando: * De amplia distribución (no requieren hábitats específicos): 21 especies = De manglar: 6 * De arenales y pastos marinos: 9 * De arrecifes y fondos rocosos con protección: 58 De estas especies, 59 son objetos de captura por los pescadores, siendo las más perseguidas las 21 especies pertenecientes a las familias Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, y Serranidae. Reptiles y mamíferos Existen tres especies que se han observado en el área y que constituyen elementos de alta prioridad para la conservación. Los reptiles marinos Chelonia mydas (tortuga verde) y Eretmochelys imbricata (carey) han sido observadas en el área, y se han encontrado restos de estos quelonios producto de la captura furtiva por pescadores. La tercera especie es el mamífero marino Trichechus manatus (manati), del que recientemente se han tenido varios reportes de observación en el área por pescadores. Las tres especies están incluidas en la Lista Roja de UICN 2004. AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES En el área observamos que las especies de moluscos bajo mayor presión de captura son el cobo y la sigua, Strombus gigas y Cittarium pica, dado el alto número de restos encontrados, aunque de acuerdo con las CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 71 entrevistas realizadas se extraen también por los pescadores para su comercialización especies de los géneros Cyphoma y Cyprea. Existe pesca submarina furtiva dentro de los límites de la zona marina de la Reserva. No tenemos información directa sobre el impacto que la pesca genera sobre las poblaciones de peces marinos en esta zona. Sin embargo, 2 especies que son consideradas Vulnerables por UICN (el verraco pluma [Balistes vetula, Balistidae] y el aguají [Mycteroperca microlepis, Serranidae]) habitan en las aguas de la Reserva. Entre las otras 21 especies más capturadas por los pescadores locales se observa una disminución de las tallas, criterio compartido por los pescadores y expertos conocedores del área que fueron entrevistados. La pesca submarina furtiva también amenaza las poblaciones de tortugas marinas, ya dañadas por impactos globales: la sobreexplotación de huevos y hembras adultas en sus playas de anidación, la captura de juveniles y adultos en áreas de alimentación, la mortandad secundaria por actividades pesqueras, y la degradación de sus hábitats marinos y de anidación. De las 2 especies de tortugas marinas encontradas en la Reserva, la tortuga verde se considera En Peligro y el carey En Peligro Crítico por UICN. El manatí de Las Antillas recibe protección legal estricta en las aguas cubanas, pero se considera Vulnerable a nivel global por UICN. Hace siglos esta especie ha sufrido la caza en el Caribe por su carne, piel, grasa, y huesos. Recomendamos que se reduzca o se elimine la pesca de especies marinas en la Reserva y se incrementen las estrategias para el fomento de una cultura ambiental regional que sustente el uso de recursos marinos compatible con la conservación. HISTORIA HUMANA Autor: José Jiménez Santander Objetos de conservación: El Fuerte de Sardinero, la Cueva del Muerto, y el sitio arqueológico aborigen de Sardinero (C8)* Siboney es un emblemático poblado cercano a Santiago de Cuba donde se unen la belleza del mar Caribe y la elegancia de sus terrazas: la naturaleza y la historia, lo conocido y lo ignoto. Grupos ciboneyes, provenientes de zonas en la actual Venezuela, invadieron las Antillas y todo Centroamérica (con una economía basada en la recolección, la caza, y la pesca). Se establecieron hace unos 2 000 años A.N.E. en áreas costeras cercanas a los estuarios de los riachuelos de la Reserva, en pequeños grupos con una incidencia ínfima sobre el medio ambiente. Ellos mantuvieron el control total del área de la Reserva hasta un período entre los siglos seis y ocho de N.E., cuando arribaron los aruacos agricultores que fundaron una importante comunidad en Sardinero y otras más pequeñas en la desembocadura de los ríos San Juan, Juticí, y Siboney (Fig 2A). Al navegar por esta zona el primero de mayo de 1494, Cristóbal Colón destacó: “Eran sin número los indios de la Isla que venían con sus canoas a los navíos” (Las Casas 1875). Estos pueblos utilizaron cuevas dentro de la Reserva, y entre ellas la Cueva del Muerto. Esta cueva tiene notoriedad internacional, porque fue utilizada por los ciboneyes y por los agricultores aruacos. Trabajos científicos sobre ella se han publicado en Cuba y en los EE.UU. : por ejemplo, la obra Cuba Before Columbus del arqueólogo norteamericano Mark R. Harrington (1921). En 1515, después de la “fundación” española de la villa de Santiago de Cuba (entre comillas porque ya existía una aldea aborigen aruaca), todos estos grupos fueron expulsados de sus tierras, con el falso pretexto de evangelización de los aborígenes de Cuba, y confinados en el poblado de El Caney, a 6 km al este de la villa recién fundada. Entonces, el área que hoy abarca la Reserva quedó despoblada hasta mediados del siglo dieciocho, fecha en que España decidió fortificar las radas aptas para el desembarco y cercanas a la ciudad, exactamente durante la guerra de 1740 con Inglaterra. Se construyeron * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación/Información en las páginas 33-34 de este informe. Ue RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 el Castillo de Aguadores, el Fuerte de Sardinero, el Fortín de Justicí, y el Fuerte de Siboney. Todo el sistema defensivo del litoral suroriental estuvo activo durante el siglo diecinueve, incluyendo las tres contiendas independentistas cubanas entre 1868 y 1898, año en que las fortalezas pasaron al mando del ejército y del gobierno de los EE.UU., durante el primer gobierno de ocupación norteamericana en Cuba. En julio de 1898, 6 000 soldados del ejército de los EE.UU. desembarcaron por las playas de Siboney y Daiquirí, y enfrentaron a las tropas españolas en Las Guásimas, a 5 km al norte de Siboney. Participaron en la batalla de San Juan a las puertas de Santiago de Cuba, y tomaron la ciudad. La mayor inversión con fines económicos en los terrenos de la Reserva lo realizó la compañía norteamericana “Juragua Iron” a partir de 1883. Construyó una línea férrea a través de toda la costa entre el puerto de la ciudad de Santiago y las minas de Juraguá y Daiquiri. En 1936 la compañía liquidó sus Operaciones en la costa suroriental, y a finales de 1938 decidió desmontar la vía férrea. Las primeras investigaciones científicas conocidas en la Reserva las realizó el arqueólogo norteamericano Mark R. Harrington en 1915, en un proyecto auspiciado por la Heye Foundation de Nueva York. Él recorrió todo el litoral desde Siboney hasta Aguadores, unos 12 km al oeste, y publicó sus resultados en el libro Cuba Before Columbus. En el año 1962 se estableció en la Reserva el laboratorio de estudios subterráneos de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba “Emil Rakovitza.” En la década de los 70 del siglo veinte fue localizado en el sitio arqueológico Sardinero, dentro de la Reserva, el más importante ídolo aborigen localizado en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Es un ídolo antropomorfo, construido en piedra, muestra irrefutable del arte aborigen de Cuba, el cual en este momento está en poder de su descubridor, el aficionado a la arqueología Abdón Martínez. COMUNIDADES HUMANAS Participantes /Autores: Mayelín Silot Leyva, Yazmín Peraza, y Aleine Paul Objetos de conservación: Un sistema educacional que permite la implementación de la educación ambiental en la comunidad (C8, C9); profesionales y personal técnico preparado para desarrollar estas actividades (C8, C9); instituciones para el estudio de la biodiversidad en la zona, así como su personal: especialistas e investigadores (zoólogos, botánicos, educadores ambientales, sociólogos, y geógrafos, fundamentalmente de BIOECO), los cuales podrían guiar el desarrollo de la educación conservacionista (C8, C9); la estación ecológica cerca de la comunidad de Siboney que podría ser una base de operaciones para actividades de interpretación y educación ambiental (C8, C9)* INTRODUCCIÓN En el área que comprende la Reserva Ecológica Siboney- Juticí, se concentran sólo siete personas, de las cuales dos son guardabosques y cinco son técnicos y especialistas que laboran en la estación ecológica presente en dicha área. Su actividad fundamental es la de protección, manejo, y monitoreo en la Reserva. Según estudios anteriores, la cercanía de la comunidad al área brinda posibilidades de acceso y de uso de sus recursos como la extracción de madera, pastoreo, y elaboración de hornos para carbón entre otros (Salmerón López 2000). En el presente, estos usos han sido transformados, teniendo en cuenta la categoría de manejo del área protegida. Dentro de las actividades que se promueven, y en las que los comunitarios participan, están las de educación e interpretación ambiental. Además, los encargados de la Reserva reconocen las potencialidades del área para actividades de turismo y el beneficio que puede obtener la población de la comunidad de Siboney por estas actividades (p. ej., el alquiler de sus casas a visitantes). Por eso, están desarrollando actividades de turismo ecológico y recreación, dirigidas tanto a la población local como al turismo que acude la comunidad y a la Reserva. * Los códigos para las categorías de los objetos de conservación (C1, C2, etc.) se explican en la sección Diseño de Conservación/ Información en las páginas 33-34 de este informe. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 73 MÉTODOS En el área, se realizan diferentes proyectos de caracterización social por parte de la División de Áreas Protegidas de BIOECO, encargada de la administración y manejo de la Reserva. La revisión de uno de ellos (Salmerón López 2000) nos brindó información sobre la percepción y sobre el uso que le da la comunidad local a los recursos naturales de la Reserva. Usamos la técnica de revisión bibliográfica para establecer una actualización de los datos conocidos y a su vez obtener nueva información. Durante recorridos por el poblado de Siboney, aplicamos la observación y entrevistas a agentes claves y comunitarios al azar, como lo fueron, el delegado o alcalde de la comunidad, el médico de la familia, y otros líderes formales y pobladores, que nos brindaron información acerca de la composición, estructura, y condiciones actuales de la comunidad y del uso actual de los recursos presentes en la Reserva. RESULTADOS La comunidad de Siboney Esta comunidad esta organizada como asentamiento humano concentrado, con una poblacion de mas de 1 000 habitantes. Las condiciones de las viviendas en general son buenas. Es una comunidad costera, con una playa que es visitada durante todas las épocas del ano, tanto por nacionales como por turistas extranjeros. La afluencia del turismo extranjero ha provocado un cambio en la actitud y comportamiento de algunos pobladores, incluso en las costumbres de vida rural propias del lugar. Estos cambios incluyen un crecimiento de la actividad de alquiler de habitaciones para el turismo internacional, asi como la venta de articulos artesanales y de alimentos elaborados por los propios pobladores. Como resultado, el ingreso economico que obtiene la familia ha permitido elevar el nivel de vida en dicha comunidad. El nivel de empleo en la comunidad es bueno pues existen mas de 25 centros economicos y de servicios que emplean a personas de la propia comunidad. Existen en el lugar tres centros educacionales— de enseñanza primaria, secundaria, y postgraduada — que han permitido multiplicar la acción de educación ambiental e irradiarla hacia toda la población. A través de la inserción de la dimensión ambiental en los programas de estudio de la enseñanza primaria y secundaria, los estudiantes aprenden los valores y la importancia de la protección de la naturaleza. A través de clases prácticas llegan a un conocimiento del medio natural local que los rodea. Los estudiantes de la enseñanza primaria están vinculados a Círculos de Interés asesorados por especialistas y técnicos de la División de Áreas Protegidas de BIOECO, específicamente sobre el tema de las áreas protegidas y su importancia. En las entrevistas realizadas a pobladores, muchos se mostraron muy interesados en conocer más sobre los valores naturales que tienen al vivir cerca de un área protegida. Un 52% de los pobladores, en las acciones de un proyecto anterior (Salmerón López 2000), dieron su disposición para integrar grupos de activistas ambientales. Estos aspectos constituyen una oportunidad para establecer programas de participación comunitaria en procesos de comanejo en la Reserva Ecológica. Actividades humanas En nuestro recorrido y monitoreo comprobamos, a través de entrevistas y de nuestras propias observaciones de las áreas afectadas, que las actividades que se realizan en detrimento de los recursos naturales —como la tala, la elaboración de carbón, y la extracción de elementos de la vegetación de la Reserva para usos domésticos, entre otros —han sido minimizadas y eliminadas en algunos casos. Sin embargo, aún persiste uno de los usos que, según criterio de los entrevistados, se realiza desde hace muchos años: la pesca furtiva en la zona marina de la Reserva. Un uso reciente es la extracción de arena por personas ajenas a la comunidad de Siboney, procedentes fundamentalmente de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba y de otras provincias. Su objetivo es de rellenar terrenos deportivos y de abastecer la construcción de viviendas. Ambos usos constituyen una 74 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 amenaza para el objetivo de conservación en la Reserva Ecológica, a pesar de que no se realizan de manera frecuente, pero sí muy cercana e incluso dentro del área protegida. En nuestra opinión, las actividades de la comunidad de Siboney no representan amenazas insuperables para la conservación y protección de los valores naturales, históricos, y culturales existentes en la Reserva, porque la población ya posee un nivel de sensibilidad que produce sentido de pertenencia en cuanto a la misma. Además, el trabajo desarrollado y proyectado por el Departamento de Áreas Protegidas de BIOECO involucra en sus esfuerzos conservacionistas a los propios pobladores que actúan como multiplicadores de los mensajes. Esto no significa que todo se haya resuelto ni mucho menos. Consideramos que es preciso intensificar la labor profiláctica y educativa en la población y asumir la búsqueda de soluciones alternativas para enfrentar los problemas económicos que la comunidad debe enfrentar hoy. Los recursos naturales usados de manera no compatible con la conservación por los pobladores de Siboney eran para satisfacer la escasez de combustibles en la comunidad. Con el plan de distribución de gas para cocinar, se reduce o elimina la causa que generaba la necesidad de extracción de madera. Las amenazas para la conservación por parte de la comunidad podrían disminuir con (1) la creación de una cultura ambiental en los comunitarios, que les muestre los valores que se protegen muy cerca de ellos; y (2) la generación de acciones de recreación, interpretación, y turismo ecológico, que se reviertan en beneficio tanto económico como espiritual de estos pobladores. Para ello, se elabora en estos momentos el Plan de Manejo de la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, el cual incluye dentro de sus programas y acciones estas que aquí se sugieren. AMENAZAS Y RECOMENDACIONES Amenazas = La escasez de recursos necesarios para el trabajo de educación ambiental: transportación, libros, materiales didácticos, papel, lápices = Señalización insuficiente o poco efectiva en el área protegida = La afluencia de personas de otras comunidades en la zona costera de la Reserva, para las cuales hasta el momento del estudio, no existe ningún plan de acción en ejecución que los involucre en los procesos de educación ambiental y participación ciudadana en la protección y conservación de los recursos que usan. Pero sí se ha tenido en cuenta para la propuesta de acciones de uso público que contendrá el Plan de Manejo del Área Protegida. = Impactos negativos sobre algunos recursos por parte de personas que visitan la parte costera de la Reserva, provenientes en su mayoría de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba. Por ejemplo, la captura irracional de moluscos como la sigua (Cittarium pica), el cobo (Strombus gigas), y el casco de mulo (Cassis tuberosa) provoca la disminución de sus poblaciones; esta captura de los ejemplares adultos evita la reproducción. Otro ejemplo es la extracción de arena con fines comerciales. = La ausencia de un turismo de naturaleza debidamente diseñado en el área. Hasta estos momentos el turismo que se desarrolla en Siboney es sólo de Sol y Playa; sin embargo, existen las condiciones para que se realice la opción de turismo de naturaleza, proporcionando de esta manera otro tipo de visitantes a la comunidad y quizás fuentes de ingresos a personas que realicen la actividad de guías de turismo en áreas de la Reserva. Recomendaciones = Incorporar proyectos de búsqueda de financiamiento para el trabajo de conservación de la Reserva. Lograr materiales y recursos en general que contribuyan a la educación ambiental: plegables, folletos y carteles, papel, materiales didácticos, binoculares, brújulas, y guías de fauna y flora local. Realizar exhibiciones por los propios pobladores de la comunidad. Encaminar otras iniciativas que en general fortalezcan la divulgación de los valores de la región, incluyendo la zona costera. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 TES = Elaborar y ubicar señales en áreas claves de la Reserva Ecológica, incluyendo la parte costera. Desarrollar acciones de capacitación con líderes comunitarios y estudiantes de todos los niveles de educación presentes en la comunidad. Pertrechar a estos líderes y estudiantes de las regulaciones legales para la conservación de la zona costera, su divulgación educativa, y su aplicación consecuente a todos sus visitantes. Propiciar la elaboración de un diseño para el desarrollo del turismo en la zona, que concilie los intereses del Plan de Manejo de la zona de la Reserva con los intereses económicos y con los requeridos para elevar consistentemente el nivel de vida de la comunidad. 76 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 19-26) 77 Contents for English Text 139 Appendices pants 140 (1) Liverworts 141 2) Mosses 80 Institutional Profiles 142 3) Terrestrial Vascular Plants 82 Acknowledgments 166 (4) Terrestrial Mollusks 168 5) Spiders 83 Mission and Approach 182 (6) “Other Archos 84 Report at a Glance 184 7) Butterflies 90 Why Siboney-Juticí? SE ese 188 (9) Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles 91 Conservation/ Information Design 190 (10) Birds 91 What is Conservation /Information Design? 196 (11) Terrestrial Mammals 92 Site Definition 198 (12) Marine Species gon Ecological: Context 205 Literature Cited 97 Conservation Targets 100 A Vision for Conservation in the Region 210 Previous Reports 101 Conservation Risks and Opportunities 104 Recommendations for Goals and Strategies 109 Technical Report 109 Overview of Inventory Site 110 Terrestrial Vegetation 114 Liverworts 115 Mosses 116 Terrestrial Vascular Plants 117 Terrestrial Mollusks 119 Spiders 122 Other Arachnids 124 Butterflies 124 Hymenopterans 125 Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles 128 Birds 130 Terrestrial Mammals 132 Marine Biodiversity 185 Human History 136 Human Communities CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 TT PARTICIPANTS FIELD TEAM Miguel Abad Salazar (coordination) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba abad@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Félix Acosta Cantillo (vegetation) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba felix@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu William S. Alverson (vascular plants) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. alverson@fmnh.org Ansel Fong G. (amphibians and reptiles) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba ansel@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Jorge Luis Fontenla Rizo (butterflies and ants) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Havana, Cuba libelula@mnhnce.inf.cu David Maceira F. (terrestrial mollusks, marine biodiversity) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba david@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Eddy Martinez Quesada (vascular plants, marine biodiversity) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba eddy@cimac.cmw.inf.cu Luis O. Melian Hernandez (birds) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba melian@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Debra K. Moskovits (coordination, birds) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. dmoskovits@fieldmuseum.org Aleine Paul (human communities) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Havana, Cuba educambiental@mnbhnc.inf.cu Yazmin Peraza (coordination, human communities) Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba Havana, Cuba exhibiciones@mnbhnc.inf.cu Eduardo Portuondo F. (hymenopterans) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba eduardo@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Orlando J. Reyes (vegetation) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba joel@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Alexander Sanchez-Ruiz (spiders) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba alex @bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Mayelín Silot Leyva (human communities) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba mayelin@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Douglas F. Stotz (birds) Environmental and Conservation Programs The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, U.S.A. dstotz@fieldmuseum.org 78 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 Rolando Teruel (other arachnids) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba rteruel@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Nicasio Vina Davila (coordinaton, mammals, marine biodiversity) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba nvd@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu COLLABORATORS Manuel J. G. Caluff (ferns and relatives) Jardin de los Helechos Santiago de Cuba, Cuba manolito@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu José Jiménez Santander (human history) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba jjimenez@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Angel Motito Marín (mosses) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba motito@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Kesia Mustelier Martinez (liverworts) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba kesia@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu María E. Potrony (»osses) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba potrony@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Freddy Rodriguez Santana (birds) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba freddy@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Arturo Salmerón López (protected areas) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba arturo@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu Jorge Tamayo F. (marine biodiversity) Comunidad de Siboney Provincia de Santiago de Cuba, Cuba Leopoldo Viña Davila (marine biodiversity) Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Santiago de Cuba, Cuba lvd@bioeco.ciges.inf.cu CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 79 INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES The Field Museum The Field Museum is a collections-based research and educational institution devoted to natural and cultural diversity. Combining the fields of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, Zoology, and Conservation Biology, Museum scientists research issues in evolution, environmental biology, and cultural anthropology. Environmental and Conservation Programs (ECP) is the branch of the Museum dedicated to translating science into action that creates and supports lasting conservation. ECP collaborates with another branch, the Center for Cultural Understanding and Change, to ensure that local communities are involved in efforts for long-term protection of the lands on which they depend. With losses of natural diversity accelerating worldwide, ECP’s mission is to direct the Museum’s resources —scientific expertise, worldwide collections, innovative education programs—to the immediate needs of conservation at local, national, and international levels. The Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 U.S.A. 312.922.9410 tel www.fieldmuseum.org Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad and Museo de Historia Natural “Tomas Romay” The mission of the Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO) is to carry out specialized, interdisciplinary studies in the Eastern Region of Cuba that define and characterize the most important and interesting areas for the conservation of biodiversity. BIOECO also works to establish the means and methods for conservation of these areas and the wise use of their resources, as well as to contribute to the ecological recovery and the sustainable socioeconomic and cultural development of the region. BIOECO has four Divisions: = The Tomás Romay Museum of Natural History = Botanical Gardens = Natural Sciences = Protected Areas These Divisions conduct scientific studies, management of protected areas, ecological planning, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, environmental education, and community projects. Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO) and Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay” Enramadas #601, esq. Barnada Santiago de Cuba, C.P. 90100 53.22.623277 tel 53.22.626568 fax www.santiago.cu/hosting/bioeco 80 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba The Museum’s core mission is to collect, research, conserve, and exhibit natural objects to promote scientific knowledge and cultural appreciation of nature. It is an institution comparable, in structure and function, with the international model for this kind of museum; for that reason it includes the following among its fundamental objectives: Research on biogeography, paleogeography, and the biodiversity of Cuba and the Caribbean; Conservation of the collections of Cuban minerals, rocks, fossils, plants, and animals residing in the Museum, which are part of the National Heritage; Broadening of these collections so that they will be representative of Cuban nature, and systematic study of the collections and of the environment from which specimens were collected; and Creation of exhibits about nature, with emphasis on Cuban natural history, and the education of visitors and the general public in a culture of nature. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Obispo 61, esq. Oficios y Baratillo Plaza de Armas, La Habana Vieja La Habana, 10100, Cuba 537.8639361 tel 537.8620353 fax www.cuba.cu/ciencia/citma/ama/museo/general.btm CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 81 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our inventory in Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve was briefer than the typical “rapid inventory” because Hurricane Lily chased us from the Reserve. Nevertheless, during the two intense days that we had in Siboney-Jutici, we recorded some new species for the site and the region and were able to assess the status and distribution of the terrestrial habitats. These data, combined with data collected previously by biologists working with BIOECO (much of this information published here for the first time) fulfilled the basic goals of our inventory. We would like to thank everyone who assisted us before, during, and after this inventory. Although in the following paragraphs we name some people individually, all receive our warmest gratitude. In Havana, Nadia Pérez and Regla Balmori of the National Museum of Natural History of Cuba (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Cuba) shared their friendship and their organizational abilities. Reinaldo Estrada of the National System of Protected Areas (Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas [SNAP]) provided very helpful comments on the results and recommendations arising from our fieldwork. Other organizational units of the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente [CITMA]) coordinated the permits for access to the study area and for the collection of specimens. The Cuban Interests Section in Washington, D.C., kindly granted visas for the U.S. participants. During the expedition, Emelina Martínez took charge of preparing and serving breakfasts, lunches, snacks, and dinners that are so important in the field, giving her best and preparing special treats that everyone appreciated. Drivers José L. Fabar, Ramón Cueto, and Roberto Romero provided transportation to and from the Reserve. To them, many thanks. Members of the community of Siboney were very kind and readily shared information with members of the social inventory team. The botanical team thanks Florentino Bermúdez and María del C. Fagilde for their kindness and help during the work in the herbarium at BIOECO. Ansel Fong G. is grateful to the Cleveland Zoological Society for its financial support of the first inventories of reptiles in the Reserve, and to the workers at the ecological station at Siboney for all the help that they have given during his work there. Dan Brinkmeier, Álvaro del Campo, Isa Halm, and Julie Smentek provided logistical support in the hectic days prior to the presentations of our preliminary results in Santiago and Havana. Tyana Wachter and Sophie Twichell, as always, contributed all necessary coordination, making easy what seemed difficult; Tyana was also very helpful in corrections and translations of the report. We also thank Patricia Álvarez and Guillermo Knell for additional translations, and Yazmín Peraza, Corine Vriesendorp, Guillermo Knell, and Brandy Pawlak for their careful review of drafts of this report. We are very grateful to Merlin Tuttle and to Bat Conservation International for the use of photos of the bat species that inhabit the Reserve. Thanks also to Petra Sierwald for her review of Appendix 5 (spiders) and for her valuable suggestions for editing it. Jim Costello and the staff of Costello Communications were tremendously patient, creative, and helpful in getting the text and images into production. We thank John W. McCarter Jr. for his constant support of our program. Funds for this rapid inventory were provided by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and The Field Museum. 82 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 MISSION The goal of rapid biological and social inventories is to catalyze effective action for conservation in threatened regions of high biological diversity and uniqueness. Approach During rapid biological inventories, scientific teams focus primarily on groups of organisms that indicate habitat type and condition and that can be surveyed quickly and accurately. These inventories do not attempt to produce an exhaustive list of species or higher taxa. Rather, the rapid surveys (1) identify the important biological communities in the site or region of interest and (2) determine whether these communities are of outstanding quality and significance in a regional or global context. During social asset inventories, scientists and local communities collaborate to identify patterns of social organization and opportunities for capacity building. The teams use participant observation and semistructured interviews to evaluate quickly the assets of these communities that can serve as points of engagement for long-term participation in conservation. In-country scientists are central to the field teams. The experience of local experts is crucial for understanding areas with little or no history of scientific exploration. After the inventories, protection of wild communities and engagement of social networks rely on initiatives from host-country scientists and conservationists. Once these rapid inventories have been completed (typically within a month), the teams relay the survey information to local and international decision makers who set priorities and guide conservation action in the host country. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 83 84 REPORT AT A GLANCE Dates of fieldwork 27-28 September 2002 Region The inventory took place in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve in southeastern Cuba, approximately 10 km southeast of Santiago de Cuba and immediately west of the community of Siboney (Figs. 1, 2A). The Reserve's area is 20.8 km? (2,075 ha), of which 1,434 ha are terrestrial habitats and 641 ha are marine habitats (Figs. 2A, 2B). It retains all of its original terrestrial habitats, including coastal and precoastal xeromorphic scrub (matorral xeromorfo costero y precostero, Fig. 2C) and semideciduous microphyll forest (bosque semideciduo micrófilo) (the two most important vegetation types for conservation), as well as representatives, in good condition, of the three other original habitats of the area— mangrove stand (manglar), sea-grape woodland (uvera/), and rocky-coastal vegetation complex (complejo de costa rocosa; Fig. 2D). Sites surveyed The biological inventory team used BIOECO’s ecological station, situated at the eastern end of the Reserve, as its base of operations (Fig. 2A), from which they explored the Reserve on foot. The social inventory team conducted interviews and observations in the community of Siboney and at the ecological station. Organisms surveyed Terrestrial vascular plants, terrestrial mollusks, spiders and other arachnids, butterflies, hymenopterans (ants, bees, and wasps), amphibians and terrestrial reptiles, and birds. Collaborators provided additional data from previous studies in the area on liverworts, mosses, vascular plants, mammals, and marine biodiversity (algae, corals, mollusks, fishes, reptiles, and mammals). The community of Siboney and the staff of the Reserve collaborated in the social inventory. Highlights of results Most of Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve has not been altered substantially by human activity. Apparently, the first human inhabitants of the area (the Ciboneys) caused little impact, which was restricted to the coastal and riparian zones of the Reserve. The Spanish, Cuban residents, and North American investors later developed a road, a railroad, and agricultural fields along the coastal plain of the Reserve, on the first geological terrace. Old fields, a dirt road, and a gravel pit (the last of the three adjacent to, but outside, the Reserve) are all that remains of this development. The dry, inhospitable areas of the interior of the Reserve —the limestone areas of the second and third terraces—retain almost all of their native vegetation. Our inventory was interrupted by the arrival of Hurricane Lily. Using the information that we obtained during the two days of fieldwork, complemented by additional data from other collections, the literature, and unpublished studies, RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 REPORT AT A GLANCE Highlights of results we record the following significant results. We begin with the nonhuman (continued) terrestrial groups, follow with marine groups, and end with human communities. Birds: We recorded 48 species of birds during the inventory. Of these, Bay- breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) is a new record for Eastern Cuba, and 4 species are new records for the Reserve. The inventory increased the total number of species known from the Reserve to 72. We observed 5 of the 10 species of Cuban endemic birds that inhabit the area. Individuals of some endemic species were very abundant, such as Cuban Gnatcatcher (Polioptila lembeye!, with a large, important population in the xerophytic coastal vegetation of the Reserve; Fig. 5E), Oriente Warbler (Teretistris fornsi, Fig. 5F), and Cuban Vireo (Vireo gundlachi!). Although we did not see Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae; Fig. 5G) during the inventory, the presence of this Cuban endemic has been documented in the Reserve. We also observed many individuals of Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor), as well as 8 other species of migratory warblers. The Reserve appears to be an important reprovisioning stopover for many species of migratory birds. Amphibians and reptiles: During the inventory, we recorded 21 of the 28 species known in the Reserve. Of these, 4 are amphibians (3 frogs and 1 toad), and 24 are reptiles (18 lizards, 4 snakes, and 2 blind snakes). The low number of amphibians is attributable to the arid characteristics of the area. In terms of number of species, the genera Anolis (8 species), Sphaerodactylus (4), and Eleutherodactylus (2) predominate, and xeromorphic scrub had the greatest number of species (26). Three of the 4 species of amphibians and, in contrast, 13 of the 24 species of reptiles are Cuban endemics. Our records during the inventory of the frog Eleutherodactylus etheridgei (Fig. 5A) constitute two new localities for the species, which formerly was known only from one record in Santiago de Cuba and another at the Naval Base at Guantanamo. Mammals: Twenty-one species of terrestrial mammals have been reported in the Reserve. Of the 19 native species, 18 are bats and 1 is a rodent (the hutia Capromys pilorides). Only 2 introduced species of mammals have been recorded: the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), which is widespread in the Reserve, and the house mouse (Mus musculus), which is restricted to the buildings at the ecological station. Of the bats, 15 species are known from live specimens and 3 species from bones deposited in cave sediments in the Reserve. Three of the bat species are Cuban endemics: Antrozous koopmani, Stenoderma falcatum, and Phyllonycteris poey/ (Fig. 6B, and cover photograph). This last species forms enormous colonies and is a key species for the extensive subterranean ecosystems of the Reserve. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 85 86 REPORT AT A GLANCE Highlights of results (continued) Invertebrate animals: During the inventory, we observed 21 of the 22 species of terrestrial mollusks recorded for the Reserve. This species richness is extremely high, probably because of the abundance of rock containing calcium carbonate (Figs. 4E-G). Twenty (90.9%) of these species are endemic, including Macroceramus jeannereti, which is endemic to Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. Only 2 of the species are not endemic to Cuba. The Reserve is very rich in spiders. Ninety species, grouped in 30 families and 69 genera, have been recorded within its boundaries. Of these, 20 are Cuban endemics and 24 are new records for the Reserve (Figs. 4A, 4B). We observed 17 species of other arachnids, which constitute all of the species known in the Reserve: 8 scorpions, 3 amblypygids, 2 schizomids, 2 solpugids, 1 ricinuleids, and 1 uropygid (Figs. 4C, 4D). Of these, 4 are local endemics of the Reserve. The Reserve covers only 0.01% of the surface area of Cuba, but many species of these arachnid groups are represented. Of the insects, we observed 37 species of butterflies and we predict that approximately 50 species inhabit the Reserve. We found 107 species of hymenopterans (ants, bees, and wasps) in the Reserve, of which the ants (family Formicidae) were the most numerous group, with 36 species. Other families with high numbers of species were Sphecidae (a group of wasps) and Apidae (the bees). Plants: On the two days of the inventory, we recorded 150 species of vascular plants (ferns and flowering plants), of which some were new records (not included in the previous work of Bermúdez et al. 2001). We recorded 672 species in at least 78 families, or 9.9% of Cuba's vascular flora, and we estimate that approximately 750 species occur in the Reserve. Of the species reported here, 159 are Cuban endemics (a concentration of 5.0% of Cuba's endemic vascular plants in 0.01% of the country's surface area). Seven species are endangered, or are considered vulnerable, worldwide: the chicharrón (Synapsis ¡licifolia) and Tabebuia polymorpha, both in the Bignoniaceae; Doerpfeldia cubensis and the bruja (Ziziphus [Sarcomphalus] havanensis var. havanensis), both in the Rhamnaceae; Cuban mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni, Meliaceae); the chicharrón de costa (Pouteria aristata, Sapotaceae); and lignum vitae (Guaiacum officinale, Zygophyllaceae; Fig. 3D). In Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve are found 8 species of liverworts belonging to 4 families. Some, like the Frullania species and the 4 ephemeral species of the genus Riccia, show morphological or ecological characteristics that allow them to survive in the arid conditions of the Reserve, which would be lethal for most liverworts. The Reserve also presents conditions extremely unfavorable for RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 REPORT AT A GLANCE ] Highlights of results (continued) the development of most mosses. For that reason, only 7 infrageneric taxa of mosses have been recorded; all are of the families Pottiaceae and Fissidentaceae. Only 1 Cuban endemic (Fissidens duryae) has been recorded. Marine biodiversity: Within its marine zone, Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve encompasses eight ecosystem types: coast with sandy beach (costa de playa arenosa), rocky coast (costa rocosa), mangrove stand (manglar), marine meadow (pasto marino), sandy bottom (arena/), coral terrace (terraza coralina), flat rocky terrace (terraza rocosa llana), and submarine canyon (cañón submarino). We recorded 22 species of marine algae belonging to 7 families. The high percent cover of algae at the mouth of the San Juan River suggests that they flourish because of contributions of organic matter. We found 23 species of corals in 10 families (of the 60 species, subspecies, and forms reported for the Cuban archipelago). Within this area we observed two diseases of this group: white-band disease and black-band disease. In the first inventory of marine mollusks for this zone, we recorded 12 species in 2 classes and 6 families. Of the 94 species of fishes encountered, fishers capture 59; the most sought-after are the 21 species belonging to the families Haemulidae (grunts), Lutjanidae (Snappers), and Serranidae (sea basses). Also in this zone, the green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) sea turtles and a marine mammal, the West Indian manatee (7richechus manatus), have been observed. Human communities: Around 2000 B.C.E. the Ciboneys emigrated from present- day Venezuela to the coastal zone of what is now the Reserve. These people, as well as Arawak agriculturalists, also used the region’s caves. In the sixteenth century, Spanish settlers drove native peoples out of the area. Two hundred years later, they fortified the coast with structures that remain today. A railroad into the region, constructed by Juragua Iron in the 1880s, was dismantled in the 1930s. The coastal community of Siboney has a concentrated population of more than 1,000 inhabitants. Its beach is visited during all seasons of the year, both by Cuban and by foreign tourists. Employment level in the community is high: residents receive income through supplying the necessities for tourism, and more than 25 economic and service centers employ community members. Siboney has three educational centers — for primary, secondary, and postgraduate instruction — which have intensified and spread activities of environmental education throughout the population. Many of the residents interviewed indicated an interest in conserving the biodiversity of the area. During its survey and monitoring, the social inventory team verified that activities that harm natural resources — CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 87 REPORT AT A GLANCE Highlights of results logging, charcoal production, and the extraction of the Reserve's vegetation (continued) for domestic uses, among others —have been minimized, and in some cases eliminated. Nevertheless, the rapid inventory identified other problems, such as sand extraction and illicit fishing; although these activities are not carried out by community members, they constitute a menace to the conservation of the area. In the opinion of the social inventory team, the activities of the community of Siboney are not insuperable threats for the conservation and protection of the natural, historic, and cultural values of the Reserve, if systematic work in education is intensified and if alternative solutions to economic problems, from local to national scales, are sought. Main threats Extensive habitat destruction is not an immediate threat to Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. Areas of the Reserve formerly degraded by human activities (e.g., alteration of vegetation by domestic animals) are now in recovery. Nevertheless, the following threats (which originate outside the Reserve's boundaries) put its biodiversity at risk: = Clandestine extractive activities (e.g., hunting of sea turtles, the manatee, the Cuban iguana, and the hutia; overfishing; cutting of shrubby vegetation for fuel, and of trees for precious woods; sand extraction). Although people from outside the coastal zone probably cause the most serious impacts, local populations also are involved in some of these activities. Habitat degradation in the foraging areas of the bats that have their diurnal refuges in Siboney-Jutici. Most of these areas lie outside the Reserve and have no formal protection at the moment. = Unplanned tourism in the coastal zone. Uses of the beach that are incompatible with conservation could place entire ecosystems at risk. Current status The area was approved as an Ecological Reserve (Reserva Ecológica) by an agreement with the Provincial Government of Santiago de Cuba after a formal process of reconciliation. It also has been approved at the national level by the Council of Ministers (Consejo de Ministros) of Cuba. Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve was 1 of the first 32 reserves approved through Decree 201 of the National System of Protected Areas, which took effect with the publication of the decree in the Official Gazette of 24 December 1999. 88 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 REPORT AT A GLANCE Principal recommendations for protection and management Eliminate clandestine extractive activities along the coast. Integrate marine and coastal biodiversity, as well as terrestrial life, into protection strategies. Develop management programs in the foraging zones of the bats, after identifying their specific locations. At the same time, protect the cavern systems inside the Reserve that give refuge not only to bats but also to endemic species such as several arachnids. Continue the process of capacity building and involvement of local residents in the protection and management of the Reserve. Work with their economic interests in the benefits of tourism to plan the use, compatible with conservation, of coastal zones by national and foreign tourists. Long-term conservation benefits Strengthened management of a protected area outstanding in Cuba for its extensive area of xeromorphic scrub and for its intact rocky-coastal vegetation complex Protection of many conservation targets at risk in Cuba and worldwide: endemic species and species with restricted distributions, rich faunas of certain groups (e.g., arachnids and terrestrial mollusks), irreplaceable populations of bats and other cave-dwelling fauna, species that are threatened or endangered at the global level, and a reprovisioning stopover for migratory passerine birds A local human population that gains benefits —tangible and intangible — from collaborating in this protection and management CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 89 Why Siboney-Juticí? On any day of the year, at sunset in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, a river of life slices the sky as it emerges from the bowels of the earth. It is not a monster, or a figment of your imagination, just the largest colony of bats in Cuba, which has come out in search of food. The coastal strip between Santiago de Cuba Bay and the community of Siboney is a conjunction of characteristics that make it a priceless place for the conservation of the Cuban biota. Here you find yourself in an amazing world where marine terraces, carved into the rock by the waves, seem to rise from the sea like a stairway for giants. Intense processes of superficial limestone formation have created a landscape full of sharp-pointed rocks and cavities. Soil is restricted to a few places where it has been deposited over thousands of years. This region is also extremely dry, as a result of its position south of the mountains that block humidity coming from the north. Both of these landscape features generate a strong water stress to which the flora has had to adapt itself, in order to conserve moisture. And, below ground, several kilometers of caves, with very distinctive characteristics, have created perfect niches for a great diversity of fauna and have facilitated the forces that produce new species. Nonetheless, the flora and fauna of the Reserve, and the ecological processes that sustain them, are not invulnerable to the pressures of the world outside. Although it is not a serious threat at present, clandestine resource extraction could re-emerge, in the marine as well as in the terrestrial zone. The most serious threat to Siboney-Juticí is the lack of a comprehensive plan for management and monitoring, with strategies that range from the development of conservation-compatible tourism to the protection of areas outside the Reserve where its bats forage. In carrying out this rapid inventory, we aimed to fill significant information gaps on the biological diversity and the social assets of the inhabitants of Siboney-Jutici—gaps that stand in the way of planning a secure future for this extraordinary landscape. 90 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 Conservation / Information Design WHAT IS CONSERVATION/INFORMATION DESIGN? Rapid inventories of a landscape's diversity lay the groundwork for two processes that lead to a site conservation plan. Conservation design uses biological and cultural values, and threats to those values, to establish conservation goals and strategies. These “products” of conservation design are our basis for action. Information design drafts blueprints for further scientific inquiry that will support our goals and strategies directly. In conservation design, we 01 Define the site. What is the geographic scope of our conservation efforts? 02 Describe the ecological context. How does this site work? 03 Choose conservation targets. What do we want to protect or enhance within this site? 04 Establish visions. What do we want these targets to look like in the future, in terms of quantity, quality, and time? o5 Identify risks and opportunities. What could prevent us from achieving our visions for these targets? On what strengths can we draw to confront these threats? 06 Set goals. What should we accomplish to offset threats to specific targets? 07 Create strategies. What will we do to reach these goals? Through information design, we create a scientific program for 01 Ecological research, a systematic approach to posing and answering questions that reveal the linkages between cause and effect; o2 Ecological inventory, a snapshot of current conditions that establishes a baseline against which to measure change over time; and 03 Ecological monitoring, a process for measuring progress toward conservation goals. Our entry points into these design processes are rapid biological and social inventories, combined with earlier studies focused on a particular landscape. In this section we present the elements of conservation design and information design that emerged from our inventory of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 91 SITE DEFINITION Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve was 1 of the 32 initial reserves approved through Decree 201 of the National System of Protected Areas of Cuba, published in the Official Gazette of 24 December 1999. The Reserve lies in the province of Santiago de Cuba, to the east of the city of the same name, between 19°56’26” and 19%58'13” N and between 75°49’32” and 75%42'24” W. The protected area covers 2,075 ha, including a terrestrial sector of 1,434 ha (0.01% of Cuba’s terrestrial surface area) and a marine sector of 641 ha. The boundaries were drawn to protect the largest possible extent of the natural areas of the coastal sector east of Santiago de Cuba Bay, which include zones of high biodiversity value. For additional information about the defining characteristics of the Reserve, see Why Siboney-Jutici? and the Technical Report: Overview of Inventory Site. 92 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT During the rapid biological inventory, we visited several of Siboney-Juticí's terrestrial vegetation types (see the Technical Report: Vegetation), but these represent only one of three very distinct ecosystem types that overlap in the Reserve: above-ground ecosystems, extensive subterranean ecosystems, and nearshore marine ecosystems. Above-Ground Ecosystems Above-ground ecosystems cover terrain predominantly rough at both large and small scales. The uplifted terraces (see Why Siboney-Jutici?) present broken, towering, vertical faces to the lowermost terrace and the adjacent sea (Figs. 2C, 2D). These upper terraces are eroded karst covered with daggerlike projections (diente de perro, Fig. 3C) as well as pits and crevices of all sizes. Only on the lowermost terrace, on portions of the uppermost terrace along the north edge of the Reserve, and on the banks of the two small rivers has much soil accumulated. The low rainfall, the high evaporation, the dearth of soil, the effect of the wind, and the salinity have determined that the predominant aspect of the Reserve is dry and harsh. These pressures, combined with the insularity of Cuba, have shaped the fauna and flora in readily perceptible ways. Nearshore terrestrial ecosystems are typical of those found elsewhere in the Caribbean, but two kinds of native vegetation found on the second and third terraces—xeromorphic scrub (matorral xeromorfo) and semideciduous microphyll forest (bosque semideciduo micrófilo) —harbor many Cuban endemics and native species. Fortunately, these two kinds of habitat have been little altered by humans within the Reserve, in part because of the hostile terrain. A portion (less than 20% of the area) of the lowest terrace is dominated by non-native species, particularly along a long-established roadway and in old fields and pastures. Species richness of terrestrial organisms varies from high-moderate to low, depending on group. Terrestrial organisms dependent on easy access to water don’t do well here: cacti (13 species) outnumber liverworts (8), mosses (7), or ferns (5) approximately two to one. The Reserve's vascular plants (672 species reported here), liverworts, and mosses often show pronounced adaptations to dry environments. Likewise, only 4 species of amphibians live in the Reserve, versus 24 species of reptiles, which are less water-dependent. Yet these same conditions provide opportunities for other terrestrial organisms. Arachnids are abundant and well represented, with 107 species. The Reserve also is rich in species (22) of terrestrial mollusks; the raw materials for shell construction are abundant in this karstic landscape. Other terrestrial animals are represented in moderate numbers: butterflies (37 species), hymenopterans (107), and birds (72). CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 93 Ecological Context (continued) Patterns of endemism differ from those of species richness. Terrestrial mollusks and non-spider arachnids both show high species richness and a very high degree of endemism (91% and 94%, respectively, confined to Cuba or to limited areas within Cuba). In contrast, although few species of amphibians are present, a large proportion (75%) of them also are Cuban endemics. Groups showing less extreme (but very significant) Cuban endemism include the reptiles (54%) and the vascular plants and spiders (each group 23-24% endemic). Endemism of birds, mammals, and mosses is 14%. No liverwort species Is endemic, and comprehensive data were not available for the insects. In contrast to these irregular patterns of endemism, the great preponderance of native species over exotic, introduced species is uniform across all terrestrial plant and animal groups. None of the species of liverworts, mosses, terrestrial mollusks, amphibians, or reptiles present are non-native. Only 14 vascular plant species (2% of the species present) are exotic—a remarkably low number, given centuries of human habitation of the area. Only 1 of 17 non-spider arachnids (a scorpion) is introduced, and this is confined to areas with human disturbance. The group with the highest proportion of introduced species (10%) is the terrestrial mammals. One of the 2 non-native nonhuman species, the house mouse, seems to be confined to the ecological station, but the Norway rat is widespread in the Reserve. Overall, however, the impact of exotic species on the Reserve, in terms of both numbers of species and their distribution (concentrated on the long-disturbed lower terrace), is very limited—an asset for long-term maintenance of the Reserve. No human settlements fall within the Reserve’s boundaries, but the community of Siboney (with more than 1,000 inhabitants) lies just to the east. The standard of living of Siboney’s residents is relatively high and on the increase, with income from tourism. Protection both “natural” (via forbidding physical features and vegetation) and legal has minimized human interaction with much of the Reserve's native above-ground biodiversity. Nevertheless, direct human use of wild resources, as well as collateral interactions (such as alteration of microhabitats), may exert strong selective pressures on some plant and animal species in above-ground ecosystems (see Conservation Risks and Opportunities, below). 94 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 Subterranean Ecosystems The Reserve shelters a huge array of underground ecosystems, some of which are driven by energy provided indirectly by bats. Returning from nocturnal foraging, the bats' bodies carry large volumes of insects, fruit, and other materials back to the extensive caves, where they deposit them in the form of guano. No sunlight reaches these cave habitats, but the guano transfers its energy to vast numbers of decomposers (invertebrates and fungi), and to the consumers and predators that feed upon them. This energy cycle has generated and maintained unique biological diversity. For example, of the Reserve’s 17 species of non-spider arachnids (scorpions, whipscorpions, etc.), at least 8 species are confined to caves or make extensive use of them. Another example is the Cuban flower bat (Phy//onycteris poeyi; see cover and Fig. 6B), one of three endemic bats known from the Reserve. The structure of “cold” caves in the Reserve causes air to flow as if through a chimney, but warm air can accumulate in other caves with a domed interior. In some of these “hot” caves, occupied by enormous colonies of P. poey/, the temperature reaches 38°C with 90% relative humidity. Such extreme microclimate change restructures a “hot” cave’s ecosystem and provides new opportunities for adaptation, divergence, and endemism. These cave ecosystems, and their component species, are in great need of study. Many new species, including fossils, are likely to be found, and fundamental questions remain to be answered. For example, what are the limits of the area used by the bats in their nightly foraging? Will habitat alteration in those areas create changes in the Reserve’s cave ecosystems? How have the introduced rats altered these systems? Humans occasionally enter the caverns, but they are not a significant component of the ecosystem. Marine Ecosystems The marine ecosystems along two-thirds of the coastline of the Reserve have been protected from the shoreline to a depth of 200 m. The area comprises eight major habitat types, whose living components are—with a few CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 95 Ecological Context (continued) exceptions— in good condition. To date, algae, vascular plants, corals, marine mollusks, fishes, reptiles, and mammals have been subject to inventory (see the Technical Report: Marine Biodiversity, and Appendix 12). Like the cave systems, the marine portions of the Reserve still hold more biodiversity secrets than above-ground terrestrial ecosystems. Human foragers, both local residents and outlanders, regularly venture into many of the Reserve's marine ecosystems. Their use of some resources there is heavy enough to have caused conservation concern for some marine fishes, the 2 sea turtle species, and the only known marine mammal (a manatee) (see Conservation Targets, as well as Conservation Risks and Opportunities, below). Human changes to nearshore terrestrial ecosystems also spread to the sea through the complex ecological interactions between the two. 96 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 CONSERVATION TARGETS Conservation targets are the elements of physiographic, biological, or cultural diversity that we want to persist in the landscape. We used the following criteria to choose these targets: Cl Wild vegetation types or aquatic habitats that are the foundations of native biodiversity C2 Vegetation types or aquatic habitats that are especially species rich, diverse, or threatened C3 Wild communities/assemblages that are especially species rich, diverse, or abundant in comparison to those of other landscapes in the country or region C4 Species, subspecies, or communities/assemblages that are endemic to the country, to the region, or to the locality C5 Species, subspecies, or communities/ assemblages that are rare, threatened, endangered, vulnerable, or declining (including species of economic importance) C6 Species or subspecies under such intense local harvesting pressure that their populations may be in jeopardy (sufficient information is lacking) (Codes continued on next page) The following are the conservation targets that we identified for Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve during the rapid inventory. Site managers and planners will need further studies to refine these choices. Codes in parentheses refer to the criteria to the left. A detailed list of targets for each group of organisms appears at the beginning of the group’s account in the Technical Report. Physiographic Features Caves (C10) Coastal and inland sites on the first geomorphic terrace that have concentrations of sand (C10) Terrestrial Vegetation Types Original vegetation types on the Reserve’s second and third geomorphic terraces, including coastal and precoastal xeromorphic scrub and semideciduous microphyll forest (C2) Functional representatives of the other original vegetation types (mangrove stands, sea-grape woodlands, rocky-coastal vegetation complex) (C1) Nonvascular Plants Four range-restricted species of the liverwort genus Riccia (C5) The endemic moss Fissidens duryae (C4) Terrestrial Vascular Plants Five species (including Cuban mahogany [Swietenia mahagoni]) considered Endangered worldwide by IUCN-The World Conservation Union's criteria (C5) Two Vulnerable species (one in the Sapotaceae and the other in the Bignoniaceae) (C5) Terrestrial Faunal Assemblages Cave-dwelling fauna, especially endemic and threatened groups (C3, C4, C5) CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 97 Conservation Targets (continued) C7 Concentrated populations of migratory species (either as passage migrants or as seasonal residents) that may be vulnerable through their dependence on the landscape’s resources C8 Institutions, social assets (including human resources), or built structures that are significant for the diversity of the landscape, especially if threatened C9 Human land uses and social/ecological practices that apparently support or are compatible with biodiversity conservation C10 Physiographic features of the landscape that harbor significant native biodiversity and are at risk Terrestrial Mollusks Two threatened endemic species (C4, C5) Seven endemic species with geographic ranges restricted to the southeast coast (C4) Arachnids Populations of 20 endemic spider species present in the Reserve, especially 3 species known only from a few localities in the Sierra Maestra and 3 other species known only from the type locality inside the Reserve (C4) Four species of non-spider arachnids that are endemic to the Reserve (C4) Insects Parides gundlachianus, a charismatic butterfly species endemic to Cuba (C4, C5) Five hymenopteran species endemic to Cuba (four ants and a bee) (C4) Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles Four species (a frog and three lizards) with restricted geographic distributions (C4) Two species (an iguana and a snake) persecuted by humans and considered Vulnerable and Near Threatened, respectively, by IUCN criteria (C5) Birds An endemic species (Cuban Gnatcatcher) with a restricted distribution in Cuba (C4) A threatened Cuban endemic (Bee Hummingbird) that appears to occur seasonally in the Reserve (C4, C5) Two Cuban endemic species with large populations in the Reserve (C4) Migrant passerines from North America (C7) 98 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 ST ——————————————— Terrestrial Mammals Three endemic bat species (C4) Five bat species on the IUCN 2004 Red List (C5) Bat communities (C3) Populations of hutias under local hunting pressure (C4, C6) Marine Biodiversity Three species (green sea turtle, hawksbill turtle, and West Indian manatee) considered Threatened by IUCN criteria and under pressure for human consumption as food or as materials for handicrafts (C5, C6) Functional representatives of the eight types of marine ecosystems in the Reserve (C1) Human History Fort Sardinero, Muerto Cave, and the Sardinero archeological site (C8) Human Communities An educational system compatible with conservation education, including the staff needed for implementation (C8, C9) Institutions for the study of biodiversity, as well as their scientists, with experience in the area, who can support conservation activities (C8, C9) The ecological station near the community of Siboney—a potential base of operations for ecological interpretation and conservation education (C8, C9) CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 99 A VISION FOR CONSERVATION IN THE REGION Given the first-cut ecological context and conservation targets that emerged from the rapid inventory, as well as the current protection status and management efforts, what is an ambitious but realistic vision for the future of wild and human communities in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve? Undisturbed caves that retain the ecological processes sustaining their fauna Intact or recovering areas with sandy substrates Original vegetation types and marine ecosystems that have lost no surface area and have not been degraded from their current (2002) condition Vegetation types (such as shrubby secondary forests) and marine ecosystems that have recovered from significant alteration by human activity Coordinated management of areas adjacent to the Reserve (for example, to protect the foraging areas of resident bat populations, as well as to protect marine organisms) on which the Reserve's ecological integrity depends Plant and animal targets (communities/assemblages and species/subspecies/varieties) that are persisting in the long term and include (1) local, regional, and national endemics; (2) range-restricted species; (3) species that are vulnerable, threatened, or endangered; and (4) migratory species that depend on the Reserve's resources Landmarks of the Reserve's human history that are protected for the future A thriving ecological station that (1) supports scientific inquiry on behalf of the Reserve's biological and cultural diversity and (2) is a platform for involving residents of the community of Siboney, as well as visitors from other areas, in active conservation of this diversity A local human population that gains benefits —both tangible and intangible —from conservation behavior (for example, managed marine fishing, logistical support of tourism compatible with the Reserve's values) 100 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 CONSERVATION RISKS AND OPPORTUNITIES THREATS What threats stand in the way of this conservation vision for Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve? How do large-scale threats endanger the entire landscape? How do large- or smaller-scale threats affect particular conservation targets? Although a detailed threats analysis was beyond the scope of our rapid inventory, the following first- cut list would be a basis for a more-detailed analysis in the future. For details about the targets affected, see the taxonomic accounts in the Technical Report. Current Threat Target(s) Affected Hunting pressure on terrestrial species Hutias; Cuban iguana; Cuban boa Overharvest of marine species for food or as materials for handicrafts Marine mollusks, fishes, turtles, and mammals Habitat degradation in bat foraging areas outside the Reserve Endemic and endangered/threatened bat species; bat communities; other cave-dwelling species that depend on the environmental conditions regulated by roosting bats Insufficient or ineffective regulatory signs All terrestrial vegetation types and their inhabitants; caves and cave-dwelling fauna (including endemic spiders, other arachnids, and bats) Unplanned tourism (coastline) Sandy beaches; nearshore vegetation types (including mangrove stands, sea-grape woodlands, and rocky-coastal vegetation complex) Shortage of material and financial resources An educational system that supports conservation education; scientific institutions and their staff; the Reserve's ecological station Extraction of sand for commercial construction Coastal and interior sites on the first terrace that have concentrations of sand CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 101 Conservation Risks and Opportunities (continued) Potential Threat Target(s) Affected The road that traverses the area, facilitating human access All terrestrial vegetation types and their inhabitants Uncontrolled entry by local residents or visitors from other areas Caves and cave-dwelling fauna; all above-ground terrestrial vegetation types Unplanned tourism (interior and marine) All terrestrial vegetation types, marine ecosystems, and their inhabitants Resurgence of human activities (e.g., damage to vegetation) that have degraded terrestrial habitats in the past All terrestrial vegetation types and their inhabitants; migrant passerines from North America Illicit extraction of precious woods Cuban mahogany and other native tree species; semideciduous microphyll forests; plant and animal species dependent on forest habitats The commercial pet trade Bird species, especially Cuban Bullfinch and Yellow-faced Grassquit The same unknown forces that have caused declines and extinctions of amphibians on other Caribbean islands Amphibian species Human-set fires Some terrestrial vegetation types Catastrophic events (such as hurricanes) that can eliminate entire local populations Range-restricted species, including several species of terrestrial mollusks and arachnids, as well as a frog, three lizards, a bird, and bats Erosion by wind and water, and collection of historical artifacts by tourists Historic landmarks 102 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 ASSETS What assets of this landscape work on behalf of the conservation vision? What assets do particular organism groups or human communities bring to bear? Although a formal asset-mapping exercise is necessary to answer these questions in depth, the following strengths emerged during the rapid biological and social inventories at Siboney- Juticí Ecological Reserve. Rough terrain and dense vegetation that provide natural protection against human access to wild areas in the Reserve's terrestrial sector The low number of non-native species, which seem to have little impact on native biodiversity Permanent staff at the Reserve's ecological station Elimination, through Reserve regulations and active management, of most of the destruction and degradation of terrestrial habitats that occurred in the past Expertise in systematic biology, ecology, sociology, and conservation practice that has created a basis for understanding the Reserve’s wild and human diversity and history Links to the community of Siboney and to other population centers that have the potential to support conservation programs Small-scale economic activities (such as rental of houses to Cuban and foreign visitors) that have established incentives for well-planned regional tourism CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 103 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOALS AND STRATEGIES Given the web of conservation targets, assets, and threats at Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, we recommend the following preliminary goals and strategies for protection and management, and for further scientific inquiry (inventory, research, and monitoring). Collaboration among local communities, scientists, managers, and governments will provide deeper and broader content for our goals and strategies. For more-detailed, organism- specific recommendations, see the Technical Report. Protection and management Minimize local harvesting pressure on hutias and the Cuban iguana (hunted for food), on the Cuban boa (killed for food and out of fear), and on small birds (caught for the pet trade). Combine (1) legal restrictions and enforcement with (2) conservation education and exploration of alternative food sources. Reduce or eliminate the overharvest of marine animal species. Combine legal restrictions and enforcement with an increase in environmental education programs. Eliminate the extraction of precious woods from the Reserve. Increase surveillance and control in the Reserve, and continue to develop plans for environmental education in the community of Siboney. Eliminate the extraction of sand from coastal and interior sites. Implement stronger legal restrictions and ensure that they are enforced. Increase efforts in environmental education. Increase surveillance and patrolling in the Reserve. Restrict access to the Reserve's caves to protect them from direct disturbance to habitats and species, as well as from microhabitat alteration. Produce regulatory signs and place them in key areas of the Reserve, including the coastal sector. Increase patrolling of these key areas to reduce uncontrolled entry by local residents and visitors. Focus attention on areas accessible by road. Watch for potential resurgence of fuelwood extraction, habitat damage from domestic animals, or other uses of the Reserve's biodiversity that are incompatible with conservation. Establish practices for protecting the Reserve from human-generated fires. Preserve the Reserve's historic landmarks — Fort Sardinero, Muerto Cave, and the aboriginal archeological site at Sardinero —from degradation by weather and curio collection by tourists. 104 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 = Consolidate the management plan and develop a financial plan for the Reserve. Use the financial plan as the basis for supporting conservation education and scientific studies on behalf of conservation. = Continue the process of capacity building and involvement of the Reserve's human neighbors in protecting and managing the site. Intensify efforts in conservation education. Create community exhibitions for biodiversity conservation. Train and involve community leaders and students at all levels of education in (1) legal regulations for the conservation of the coastal zone and (2) educational approaches. = Incorporate a plan for regional tourism development into the Reserve's management plan. Zone and manage activities to minimize damage to beaches, nearshore marine ecosystems, and coastal vegetation types. * Create better access routes for scientific investigators to reach the highest areas of the Reserve’s northern section. Further inventory = Conduct a quantitative inventory of the seven species of vascular plants considered Endangered or Vulnerable (IUCN) worldwide. Stratify the survey by habitat and location in the Reserve, with the objective of determining if these populations need active management for long-term persistence. = Survey the mollusk fauna found in sediments for species that formerly existed or were formerly more abundant in the Reserve. Use the results to evaluate the possibility of reintroducing these species into the area. = Focus on the three-plus species of spiders endemic to the Reserve, to determine (1) current population distributions, (2) habitat requirements, and (3) the description of the male of Araneus faxoni. = Conduct more-intensive inventories of populations of migratory bird species. Use the results to identify key areas for habitat protection. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 105 106 Recommendations for Goals and Strategies (continued) Research = Study the successional stages of xeromorphic scrub, semideciduous microphyll forest, and degraded habitats in need of restoration. Use the results to implement programs for restoration of native vegetation. = Document changes over time in floristic composition under passive management. Establish a sufficient number of permanent plots, chosen at random in disturbed and undisturbed parts of the Reserve, to allow for change detection. = Study the population ecology of endemic species of non-spider arachnids to evaluate their long-term stability in the Reserve. = Determine the impact of the pet trade on populations of Yellow-faced Grassquit and Cuban Bullfinch. = Determine the variables that contribute to the high population density of some permanent-resident bird species in disturbed areas dominated by Acacia macracantha. = Document the value of the Reserve as a provisioning stopover for avian passage migrants. = Conduct studies on rare, endemic, vulnerable, or threatened mammals in the Reserve to determine the effects of threats on their populations. Use the results to (1) guide management action and (2) serve as a baseline for monitoring the effectiveness of these actions. = Carry out studies to determine the location of bat foraging zones outside the Reserve. Use this information to develop management plans for these zones or to recommend conservation action. Use the existence of a Biosphere Reserve that includes parts of these areas. RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 Monitoring = Develop a regional monitoring program through which site managers and local communities can measure progress toward conservation goals set in the Reserve's management plan. We recommend particular attention to the following projects, once goals are set: — Continue and strengthen the Reserve's amphibian monitoring program, which began in early 2002. — Track populations of terrestrial mollusk species that have restricted ranges or are threatened endemics. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 107 . Technical Report OVERVIEW OF INVENTORY SITE Author: Nicasio Viña D. Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve was 1 of the first 32 reserves approved through Decree 201 of the National System of Protected Areas, which took effect with the publication of the decree in the Official Gazette of 24 December 1999. The Reserve lies in Santiago de Cuba Province, east of the city of the same name, between 19%56'26” and 19°58’13” N and between 75%49”32” and 75%42*24” W (Figs. 1, 2A). Its total area is 2,075 ha, which includes a terrestrial sector of 1,434 ha (0.01% of the terrestrial surface area of Cuba) and a marine sector of 641 ha (Figs. 2A, 2B). The Reserve is narrow and elongated: its east-west axis is 12.4 km wide and its widest north-south axis 3 km. Total length along the coastline is 10.4 km. Elevations in the Reserve range from 200 m below to 120 m above sea level. The Reserve lies in a zone where the most significant geographic feature is the presence of marine terraces that create the impression of giant stairsteps in the local landscape (see the inner cover). Eight levels of marine terraces, both emergent and submerged, are present. Expanses of dogtooth rock (diente de perro, or lapiéz, which is superficial, highly weathered limestone) cover a large percentage of the area (Fig. 3C). Other karstic features include ravines, sinkholes, small canyons, red-soil depressions, small faults, and drainage lines that cut across the terraces (Fig. 3A). The limestone feature of greatest importance to the area’s fauna is the system of 33 caves and grottos, with distinctive morphological and microclimatic characteristics. The mean annual temperature of the Reserve varies between 24 and 26°C. The annual mean maximum is 28-32°C and the annual mean minimum 20-22°C (Montenegro 1991). The mean annual relative humidity is 70-80%. Sea breezes of up to 12 km/h predominate during the day and are replaced at night by light trade winds, intensified by the terral (a nocturnal wind that blows from land to sea) and mountain breezes (Montenegro 1991). Precipitation in the area of the Reserve does not exceed 800 mm; the annual mean is approximately 650 mm (Bermúdez and Duran 1991). Evaporation varies from 1,700 to 1,900 mm per year. The climate produces fogs that are either catabatic (produced during the night by the drainage of cold air from higher ground CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 109 to the north) or of occasional, localized radiation of heat to the atmosphere. Cloudiness is moderate during the rainy season (May-October); cumulus clouds of convective origin cover 50% of the sky and produce 600 mm (mean) precipitation. During the dry season, poorly developed cumulus cloud cover is 25% and precipitation is less than 200 mm. Although the Reserve is bounded on the east by the Carpintero River watershed and on the west by the watershed of the San Juan River, it is not traversed by any permanent superficial watercourse, since the Sardinero and Juticí washes, which are the only ones that cut through the area, have small beds and run only after heavy rains (Fig. 2A). These watersheds combined cover 200 km? (not a large area, but it should be taken into account in management planning for the Reserve, because intensive human activity, including settlements, occurs within it). The conjunction of karstic features, climate, and location of the area has influenced the characteristics of the Reserve’s biota and has contributed to processes of speciation and high species richness. According to the classification of “natural” and human-dominated regions of Cuba by Nunez Jiménez et al. (1989), the Reserve falls into the Eastern Region, Sierra Maestra Subregion, Area of Southern Coastal Terraces of the Sierra Maestra, and Subarea of Coastal Terraces of the Green Baconao Sea. SITE VISITED BY THE BIOLOGICAL TEAM The primary routes for vehicle access are the Siboney highway and the road to Sardinero. From the north one can enter the Reserve through secondary routes such as the network of forest roads in the Brujo zone and the road to Palenque. The rapid biological inventory team entered the Reserve from the east (through Siboney) and used BIOECO’s ecological station (ca. 19°57°41” N, 75°42’55” W; Fig. 2A) as a base camp during fieldwork in the Reserve from 27 to 28 September 2002. Our work was interrupted by the arrival of Hurricane Lily, which forced us to evacuate. We explored the Reserve on foot, and we focused principally on the lowest emergent terrace (the “first”) and portions of the second terrace near the ecological station. COMMUNITY VISITED BY THE SOCIAL TEAM The rapid social inventory team worked in the community of Siboney, immediately east of the Reserve, from 27 to 28 September 2002. TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION Participants/Authors: Orlando J. Reyes and Félix Acosta Cantillo Conservation targets: Original vegetation types on the Rio Maya and La Cruz Formations, including coastal and precoastal xeromorphic scrub and semideciduous microphyll forest (the most important types for conservation, because they harbor the majority of endemics present) (C2); functional representatives of the other original vegetation types (mangrove stand, sea-grape woodland, rocky-coastal vegetation complex) (C1)* INTRODUCTION The vegetation of Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve is varied because of the multitude of ecological conditions and human disturbances. In geomorphic terms, the Reserve is characterized by several levels of terrestrial and marine terraces (Fig. 2A, and inner cover). The first terrestrial terrace consists of the Jaimanitas Formation, which has sandy soil and has been disturbed greatly by human activity. On the second terrestrial terrace and part of the third, the Rio Maya Formation consists of fragmented limestone of organic origin, which manifests as dogtooth rock (lapiéz). Often the soil is Rendsina or nonexistent; as a result, the soil environment is extreme. Behind and to the north of these terraces, the La Cruz Formation is marl and more highly weathered limestone, with brown, strongly carbonated soil, which is less stressful ecologically. Because it is in the rainshadow of the Sierra de la Gran Piedra, the Reserve’s climate is distinctive: it falls under the influence of a typical stressful Fohn (drying winds that have descended from the mountains). Annual rainfall reaches approximately 700 mm and is separated by two dry seasons. About nine months are ecologically arid. The mean annual relative humidity * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation /Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. 110 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 varies from 75 to 80%; evaporation reaches approximately 2,000 mm (Montenegro 1991). This is one of the regions of Cuba where solar radiation is most intense and the temperatures highest; monthly averages of the latter range from 24 to 28°C (Lapinel 1989). Marine winds laden with salt, which blow principally from the southeast, are also of great ecological importance. These beat forcefully against the vegetation, which shows stress-induced physiological and morphological adaptations (Figs. 2D, 3G). METHODS Because of the speed of the inventory, we mapped habitats directly, using 1:25,000 maps. To do this, we made rounds of the study area and took GPS readings. RESULTS (HABITATS) We encountered nine basic habitat types. Of these, five were forests, two were scrub formations, and two were grasslands (Fig. 2B). Semideciduous microphyll forest (Bosque semideciduo microfilo) This vegetation type occurs on shallow, brown soils of the La Cruz Formation (limestone and marl). The topography is gently rolling and the microrelief is relatively flat, with a few surface rocks. Humus is poorly represented: layer L reaches 10-15 mm and layer F approximately 5 mm; layer H is absent. The arboreal layer is 8-14 m tall with variable cover. Species dominance varies locally. In some places the most important species are Bursera simaruba (Burseraceae) and Amyris elemifera (Rutaceae); in others they are Picrodendron baccatum (Euphorbiaceae) and Plumeria obtusa (Apocynaceae); in yet others they are Picrodendron baccatum and Pseudocarpidium avicennioides (Verbenaceae), or Senna atomaria and Acacia macracantha (Fabaceae). In the extreme southeastern part of the Reserve, Phyllostylon brasiliensis and Celtis trinervia (Ulmaceae) dominate. The shrub layer is dense. The principal species are Gymnanthes lucida (Fig. 3B) and Croton lucidus (Euphorbiaceae), although Bursera simaruba, Erythroxylum havanense (Erythroxylaceae), Pilosocereus brooksianus (Cactaceae; Fig. 3E), and Turnera ulmifolia (Turneraceae) are also important. The following also occur: Acacia macracantha, Exostema caribaeum and Randia aculeata (Rubiaceae), Plumeria obtusa, Commicarpus scandens (Nyctaginaceae), a Coccoloba species (Polygonaceae), Senna atomaria, Colubrina elliptica (Rhamnaceae), Lantana montevidensis (Verbenaceae), and Varronia globosa (Boraginaceae). This forest does not have an herbaceous layer, except for a few individuals of Bothriochloa pertusa (Poaceae) and Turnera ulmifolia. Lianas found here are Stigmaphyllon lineare and S. sagraeanum (Malpighiaceae); epiphytes are Tillandsia fasciculata (the more important species) and T. recurvata (Bromeliaceae). Shrubby secondary forest in semideciduous microphyll forest ecotopes (Bosque arbustoso secundario en ecótopos de bosque semideciduo microfilo) This forest occurs on shallow, carbonated brown soils of the La Cruz Formation. Humus layers are poor: layer L is approximately 10 mm deep; layers F and H are mixed and are roughly 5 mm deep. This transitional vegetation type has a very dense shrub layer between 3 and 7 m tall. The most important species are Exostema caribaeum, Bourreria virgata (Boraginaceae), Senna atomaria, Gymnanthes lucida, Bursera simaruba, and Diospyros grisebachii (Ebenaceae). The following species also occur here: Picrodendron baccatum, a Coccoloba species, Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae), Croton lucidus, Turnera diffusa, Acacia macracantha, Caesalpinia violacea and Leucaena leucocephala (Fabaceae), Randia aculeata (Rubiaceae), Varronia globosa, Amyris elemifera, and Zanthoxylum fagara (Rutaceae). The herbaceous layer is dispersed. Lantana montevidensis and Gymnanthes lucida are important species; we also observed Oplonia tetrasticha (Acanthaceae), Lantana camara, and Acacia macracantha. Lianas included Passiflora santiagana (Passifloraceae), Commicarpus scandens, Stigmapbyllon sagraeanum, and Triopteris rigida (Malpighiaceae). CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 111 Shrubby secondary forest dominated by Acacia macracantha (Bosque arbustoso secundario con dominancia de Acacia macracantha) This secondary forest occurs on the first terrace (Jaimanitas Formation) in a continuous swath between the Juticí River and half the distance between the Sardinero River and the western boundary of the Reserve (Figs. 2A, 2B). The soil is sandy, rich in gravel and rocks, of a yellowish ocher, sometimes with reddish tones. Holes of the crabs that remove this material are everywhere. The humus is scattered and poorly developed; because Acacia macracantha, which is the greatest contributor of leaf litter, has small, soft leaflets, decomposition is very rapid. The closed canopy is 6-8 m tall, with complete dominance of Acacia macracantha. Below it are some very dispersed shrubs and lianas. Occasionally one finds clearings with a predominance of Varronia globosa or Tecoma stans, and near the San Juan River are a few clearings with Bothriochloa pertusa. In the valleys cut into the terraces by the Jutici and Sardinero Rivers (Figs. 2A, 2B), the soil is brown and gravelly and has rocks and stones on its surface. In these narrow, deep valleys, hydrological conditions are more favorable than in the surrounding area; that is, they are less extreme ecologically. For that reason, the forest has two layers: arboreal and shrub. The arboreal layer reaches about 8 m and is very dense, dominated by Acacia macracantha. Isolated individuals of Cupania glabra and Melicoccus bijugatus (Sapindaceae), Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaceae), Andira (Geoffroea) inermis and Samanea saman (Fabaceae), Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae), and Ficus populoides (= E citrifolia, Moraceae) stand out. In the shrub layer are Erythroxylum havanense, Tecoma stans, Gymnanthes lucida, Turnera ulmifolia, Adelia ricinella (Euphorbiaceae), and Lonchocarpus longipes (Fabaceae). Acacia macracantha has rapid growth with great vigor and competitive strength under these ecological conditions; for that reason, it constitutes the first step of ecological succession in the region. Coastal and precoastal xeromorphic scrub (Matorral xeromorfo costero y precostero) This vegetation type occupies the second and third terraces, which are composed principally of limestone of the Rio Maya Formation. The soils, where they exist, are red and brownish red Rendsinas and appear in small hollows of dogtooth rock (lapiéz). The leaf-litter layer (L) is substantial and consists primarily of whole leaves. Also, nonleafy plant parts (flowers, fruits, and twigs) are abundant; very decomposed plant tissue and humus are less abundant; the low quantity of fine humus is notable. In some small hollows of the dogtooth rock, where soil is nonexistent, layer L is 20-30 mm deep; layer F is frequently imperceptible or is less than 5 mm deep. Beneath them is a thick, dry, grayish brown humus, with some roots and rootlets. This is the most important and characteristic community of the coastal zone, as well as the least disturbed of those in the Reserve. The vegetation is extreme— xeromorphic and sclerophyllous— because of the scarcity of rainfall, its irregular distribution, the strong solar radiation, and the high temperatures and evaporation (Montenegro 1991), as well as the porous soil, the dearth of nutrients, and the influence of sea winds. In some places the scrub is characterized by trees and is generally semideciduous with two layers. The arboreal layer is 5-8 m tall and irregular, in which Acacia macracantha, Colubrina elliptica, Amyris elemifera, Adelia ricinella, Plumeria tuberculata, and Gymnanthes lucida (Fig. 3B), are abundant, among others. The shrub layer is generally denser and reaches 1.0-1.5 m; the most abundant species are Tecoma stans, Croton lucidus, Adelia ricinella, Gymnanthes lucida, Erythroxylum alaternifolium (Erythroxylaceae), and Rhytidophyllum acunae (Gesneriaceae), among others. This stratification is absent in many areas, where the scrub has an irregular structure and, because of its large extent, shows local differences in species dominance. The most extensive types are 3-6 m tall, with an abundance of Croton lucidus, Colubrina elliptica, and cacti (Figs. 3E, 3F); next in extent are areas where Celtis trinervia is notable; in other places Croton linearis LZ RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 (Euphorbiaceae), Agave underwoodil (Agavaceae), Gymnantbes lucida, Tecoma stans, and cacti predominate. Characteristic of a segment of this habitat is the large number of cacti, especially Consolea macracantha (Fig. 3F), Harrisia eriophora, Opuntia stricta var. dillenit, and Dendrocereus nudiflorus. Among the epiphytes, Tillandsia recurvata is notable; it covers most of the branches of trees and shrubs. Among the lianas, the most abundant are Serjania diversifolia (Sapindaceae), Cissus verticillata (Vitaceae), Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum, and S. periplocifolium. On the upper faces of the most windswept terraces (Fig. 2C), this vegetation scarcely reaches a height of 1 m and appears crushed against the rock surface, taking characteristic shapes deformed by the wind. Tabebuia myrtifolia (Bignoniaceae) predominates in these stands of scrub. Mangrove stand (Manglar) This habitat occurs in a small area at the mouth of the Sardinero River, which runs only during heavy rains. This mangrove stand is 16-18 m tall and is composed of Rhizophora mangle (Rhizophoraceae) at its center, near the riverbed, and Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) in the outer zone. The mangroves lie in a depression protected by a sandbar from the direct impact of the waves. The area is swampy, flooded during high tide. The soil is sandy-clayey and brownish yellow, with the water table lying on the soil surface or just below it. Here, crabs, especially species of Uca, extract blackish particles of clay. Sea-grape woodland (Uveral) This well-established habitat forms a band behind the rocky-coastal vegetation complex (see below, and Fig. 2D). The soil is a mixture of sand, fine gravel, stones, and particles of humus. The first horizon is approximately 12 cm deep, below which the humus begins to thin out but the other components remain. The entire horizon contains roots and rootlets. The soil is covered with a leaf-litter layer of Coccoloba uvifera (Polygonaceae), 2-6 leaves deep, with the upper leaves fresher. Below this layer the proportion of these leaves gradually diminishes. Here the fauna appears to play an important role in the downward movement of humus; the sandiest area of the woodland is completely filled with crab burrows. In much of the Reserve, this habitat is characterized by a mixture of Coccoloba uvifera and Conocarpus erectus. Scattered individuals of Acacia macracantha also occur here. In general, Conocarpus dominates in the area closest to the sea and Coccoloba uvifera inland from this area. The action of the wind sculpts the vegetation into a smooth, inclined plane that gradually rises to a maximum of approximately 8 m (Fig. 2D). For that reason, this vegetation serves an important function as a windbreak, because it forms a barrier that protects the plants behind it, which do not show deformation by wind. Rocky-coastal vegetation complex (Complejo de costa rocosa) This habitat is found in the southern part of the Reserve, which is bathed by the Caribbean Sea. The coast is rocky and tall, about 2 m above sea level, belonging to the Jaimanitas Formation. This vegetation forms a narrow band just behind the zone that is constantly damp from normal wave action (Fig. 2D). This open community has small shrubs and ground cover with fleshy leaves. In general, plants emerge from rock cavities with no visible soil. The most abundant plants are Strumpfia maritima (Rubiaceae; Fig. 3G), Mallotonia (Tournefortia) gnaphalodes (Boraginaceae), Borrichia arborescens (Asteraceae), Conocarpus erectus, and a species of Chamaesyce (Euphorbiaceae). In the larger microdepressions, where sand accumulates, and sometimes on the rock surface, patches of Sesuvium portulacastrum (Aizoaceae) appear. Anthropogenic shrub savanna (Sabana arbustiva antropica) This vegetation type occurs especially in the locality of Jutici (Figs. 2A, 2B), in a small area that once was a CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 113 vineyard and later was planted in other crops and finally in Aloe vera (sábila, Liliaceae). It has a shrub layer approximately 1 m tall, with 40% cover of Acacia macracantha. The herbaceous layer is composed principally of Bothriochloa pertusa, which covers the entire surface. Secondary grasslands (Pastizales secundarios) These grasslands occupy very small areas, which are scattered and of small diameter, dominated by the grasses Bothriochloa pertusa or Panicum maximum. These areas, of minimal importance, are relicts of former human occupation. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS We identified no significant threats to the vegetation of the Reserve. Occasional fires alter some areas within it, but to date their effects have not been intense. The proximity of the Reserve to densely populated areas is a potential threat, if effective education programs are not undertaken or if the awareness and support of local communities remain insufficient. We recommend that (1) a plan for the protection of the Reserve against fire be established; (2) studies be carried out on the successional stages of coastal and precoastal xeromorphic scrub, of semideciduous microphyll forest, and of the habitats that are most altered by human activity and are most in need of restoration (anthropogenic shrub savanna, secondary grasslands, and shrubby secondary forest dominated by Acacia macracantha); and (3) efforts in environmental education be intensified for the local human population. LIVERWORTS Author: Kesia Mustelier Martinez Conservation targets: Four very distinctive species of the genus Riccia, few of which have formal protection status and which in Cuba are found only in similar places (C5)* INTRODUCTION Liverworts belong to the Division Hepatophyta within the nonvascular plants (Margulis and Schwartz 1998). They are most abundant in humid forests because of their dependence on water for their life cycles. Some species, which are drought tolerant, can be found under extreme environmental conditions because of unusual morphological adaptations that allow them to capture water and to resist high temperatures and insolation, as well as periods of desiccation. These species have wider distribution. METHODS I conducted a literature review and a review of the bryological section of the Herbarium of the Eastern Center for Ecosystems and Biodiversity (Herbario del Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad [BSC]), where I found samples of liverworts collected in the study area and identified according to the traditional criteria for this group of plants (Gradstein et al. 2001). RESULTS In Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve occur eight species of liverworts belonging to four families (Appendix 1). Four species are epiphytes, on boles and very close to the soil, in secondary forests of Acacia: (1) one from the genus Frullania, which has leaf lobes modified into water sacs, as well as a reddish pigmentation that allows it to live in xeric environments and to receive solar radiation directly; (2, 3) two species of the genus Lejeunea, one of them a member of the subgenus Heterolejeunea that grows ordinarily in open, well-lit environments, and the other, a smaller liverwort of the * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation /Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. 114 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 subgenus Nanolejeunea, one of the most drought- tolerant of the Lejeuneaceae (the most abundant family of liverworts in its diversity and ecological plasticity); and (4) a thallose species in the genus Metzgeria. In the sinkholes of dogtooth rock (lapiéz) in the coastal xeromorphic scrub, and near caves, but only after rains, one can see the four species of the genus Riccia. The species of this genus are usually pioneers on open soils that are often somewhat disturbed and periodically humid, and on rocks covered with shallow soil. They are adapted to surviving prolonged periods of drought and are never found in humid forests. In Cuba, records of Riccia species are known (1) for the Western Region, from Tampa, La Habana; (2) for the Central Region, from Motembo, Santa Clara; and (3) for the Eastern Region, from Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve and from La Tabla, Tercer Frente, both in Santiago de Cuba. (Fifty-four species have been recorded for Tropical America, 8 for the Antilles, and 7 for Cuba.) THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The principal threat to liverworts, especially for species in the genus Riccia, would be habitat destruction. For this reason the xeromorphic scrub should be protected through increased control of outsiders’ entry into the area, as well as through environmental education. MOSSES Authors: Maria E. Potrony and Angel Motito Marin Conservation targets: Fissidens duryae, an endemic to several districts in eastern Cuba (C4)* INTRODUCTION Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve presents conditions extremely unfavorable for the occurrence of the great majority of mosses. Vegetation formations here grow under xerophytic conditions, but humidity is a fundamental necessity for most mosses, which require water for reproduction. Nevertheless, some groups can survive in xeric conditions through morphological adaptations. In Cuba, xerophytic mosses are represented primarily by the families Pottiaceae and Fissidentaceae. METHODS We obtained data on the mosses of the Reserve through the review of specimens collected in the study area and deposited in the Herbarium of the Eastern Center for Ecosystems and Biodiversity (Herbario del Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad [BSC]). We analyzed the data on samples that we examined, as well as those reported in the literature, through the database HERBARIO.MUS. The taxonomic criterion used was that of Gradstein et al. (2001). RESULTS In Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve only seven infrageneric taxa of mosses, of the families Pottiaceae and Fissidentaceae, have been recorded (Appendix 2). The genera present— Fissidens, Barbula, and Hyophila—are typical of habitats in the Reserve. The estimated number of species is the same as the number collected; any other representatives of these genera are unlikely to be present, because the area has been well explored for this botanical group. The most abundant infrageneric taxa are of the genus Fissidens. For the Reserve only one Cuban endemic has been recorded: Fissidens duryae, considered an endemic to several districts in eastern Cuba. No moss taxa in the Reserve are considered threatened. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS We recommend the protection and management of the phanerogamic flora that occurs in these ecosystems. The infrageneric taxa that have been recorded depend on (1) their ecological relationships with other plants in the forest, i.e., species that provide substrates, shade from the sun, and humidity in the environment, and (2) soils and rocks, which mosses in the study area colonize. * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation / Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 115 TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Participants/Authors: Eddy Martínez Quesada and William S. Alverson Conservation targets: Five species considered Endangered worldwide by IUCN (IUCN 2004): Synapsis ilicifolia (Bignoniaceae), Swietenia mahagoni (Meliaceae), Doerpfeldia cubensis and Ziziphus (Sarcomphalus) havanensis var. havanensis (Rhamnaceae), and Guaiacum officinale (Zygophyllaceae; Fig. 3D) (C5); two Vulnerable species: Tabebula polymorpha (Bignoniaceae) and Pouteria aristata (Sapotaceae) (C5)* INTRODUCTION In Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve few floristic studies, or studies of vegetation related to vascular plants, have been conducted. To date we know of only four (Martinez et al. 1996; Oquendo and Reyes 1998; Reyes et al. 1999; Bermúdez et al. 2001). Nonetheless, the study site is of particular importance for this group of plants because, in spite of its small area (2,075 ha), it has a significant number of species adapted to extreme ecological conditions. METHODS On the two days of the inventory, we made forays without fixed routes through the accessible habitats of the study area. We collected botanical material that was of interest, doubtful, or unknown. The rest of the species were identified and noted in a field notebook. The first author consulted the collections in the Herbarium of the Eastern Center for Ecosystems and Biodiversity (Herbario del Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad [BSC]), as well as the list prepared by Bermudez et al. (2001). Manuel J. G. Caluff contributed information on ferns. We used the work of Walter and Gillett (1998) and IUCN (2004) to define level of threat. We also took photographs that are available on the Web (www.fmnh.org/rbi). RESULTS Species richness and endemism For Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve, 676 species, subspecies, and varieties, belonging to 79 families, have been reported (Bermúdez et al. 2001). During our survey of the area, we observed some 150 of them. We recorded others as new to the area, and we could not confirm another 5. Also, 8 species previously reported were excluded because they are not likely to occur in the Reserve’s habitats; therefore, we report 672 species (including the 5 species of ferns, Appendix 3). This figure is significant because the whole area contains 9.9% of Cuba’s vascular flora. We estimate that approximately 750 species occur in the entire Reserve. We could not identify one species of the family Nyctaginaceae. Byttneria microphylla and Caesalpinia violacea are new records for Siboney-Jutici. C. violacea is also a new record for the Eastern Region of Cuba; Barreto (1998) suggested that this species is found in Western and Central Cuba as far as Camaguey Province, which was the easternmost point of its known distribution. The families with the greatest number of species, subspecies, and/or varieties are Fabaceae s.l. (75), Rubiaceae (48), Euphorbiaceae (47), Boraginaceae (37), Asteraceae (29), Convolvulaceae and Malvaceae (both with 25), and Verbenaceae (24). In the Reserve occur 159 species endemic to Cuba, which represent 23.6% of the species of vascular plants reported here for the Reserve, and 5.0% of the endemic species of vascular plants in Cuba. The families with the highest percentages of endemism are Bignoniaceae and Theophrastaceae (83.3%), Gesneriaceae (75.0%), Ebenaceae (66.7%), Acanthaceae (63.6%), Rubiaceae (54.2%), Myrtaceae and Rhamnaceae (50.0%), Malphigiaceae (40%), and Verbenaceae (37.5%). Native and introduced species Although the majority of species are native, we found 14 that had been introduced (just 2.0% of the vascular * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation/Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. 116 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 flora of the Reserve). Many of these non-native species have been present for decades, or even centuries, as on the first terrestrial terrace (in the Jaimanitas Formation), which has had a long history of disturbance, including, the railroad route that enters from the eastern part of Santiago (see Human History, below). Few exotic (non- native) species are found on the upper (second and third) terraces, which harbor the majority of intact native vegetation in the Reserve, probably because native species are better adapted to the extreme xerophytic conditions encountered there. At present, none of the introduced species seems to have an impact on the ecosystem, as their populations are stable, or at least have not grown in excessive numbers. Some individuals of certain exotic species grow in isolation. Dominant species In the less disturbed areas of the Reserve, occupied by coastal and precoastal xeromorphic scrub on the second and third terraces, the dominant species vary from one place to another (see Vegetation, above), but the common species of the arboreal layer are Gymnanthes lucida (Fig. 3B) and Adelia ricinella (Euphorbiaceae), Acacia macracantha (Fabaceae-Faboideae), Colubrina elliptica (Rhamnaceae), Amyris elemifera (Rutaceae), Plumeria tuberculata (Apocynaceae), and Tabebuia myrtifolia (Bignoniaceae). In the semideciduous microphyll forest, Acacia macracantha and Senna atomaria usually are common. Acacia macracantha is a very common species, or the dominant species, in several native habitats; it also forms very dense populations. It is the only species that establishes itself along roadsides, e.g., on the first terrace. Normally it has taken over terrain that has been devastated by rock extraction in quarries, as in those adjacent to the Reserve. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS We identified no significant threats to the flora of the Reserve, but site managers must remain vigilant to prevent illicit extraction of precious woods. The introduced species that now occur in the Reserve have been present for many years and do not appear to be altering intact native habitats on the second and third terraces, or on the coast itself. Only the first terrace has been affected heavily. We do not know if the vegetation along the road, and in the anthropogenic grasslands and savannas, will revert in time to native vegetation without active management, and without further disturbance by human activity. We encourage two lines of study: (1) the establishment of a sufficient number of permanent plots, chosen randomly in the disturbed and undisturbed parts of the Reserve, to document changes over time in floristic composition under passive management; and (2) a quantitative inventory of the seven species considered Endangered or Vulnerable globally, stratified by habitat and by location in the Reserve, with the objective of determining if these populations need active management to assure long-term persistence in the Reserve. TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS Participant/Author: David Maceira F. Conservation targets: Threatened endemic species (Polymita venusta [Fig. 4F] and P. versicolor) (C4, C5); endemic species with geographic ranges restricted to the southeastern coast (Chondropomatus |. latum, Juannularia a. arguta [Fig. 4G], Chondropoma abnatum, Macroceramus inermis, M. jeannereti, Caracolus s. sagemon, Hemitrochus cesticulus) (C4)* INTRODUCTION The Cuban malacofauna shows a high level of endemism (96.1%, Espinosa and Ortea 1999), and many of its species show an affinity for karst. Inventories of localities are very important for Cuba’s mollusk fauna; these had their peak in the middle of the past century (Maceira F. 2001). Karst is abundant in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve; this substance is very important for the formation of the shells of terrestrial snails. The greatest values of species richness are recorded in localities with karstic soil. Among the past * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation/Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 11/7 inventories conducted are (1) those in the Sierra de Casas and the Sierra de Caballos, Isla de la Juventud (28 species, Henderson 1916), and (2) one in Carso de Baire (24 species, Maceira F. 2000). METHODS In this report I combine field observations during the rapid inventory with my previous observations of the mollusk fauna. I carried out fieldwork in the following habitats: semideciduous microphyll forest, caves, xeromorphic scrub, sea-grape woodland, coastal vegetation (except mangroves), and secondary vegetation. I noted locality, date, and habitats and microhabitats used, using an ad lib search of individuals and surveying all possible biotopes for each habitat. I classified species for relative abundance, as uncommon, common, or abundant. I considered the species Polymita versicolor present in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve because of records in the literature, and l included it in calculations of percentages, given its importance as a threatened species and the salience of the Reserve as the western limit of its distribution. RESULTS Species richness I observed 21 species of terrestrial mollusks of the 22 recorded for Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve (Appendix 4). Only the species Polymita versicolor (a threatened endemic of the Eastern Region of Cuba) has not been observed. The species belong to 10 families and 18 genera. Fifteen (68.1%) belong to the Subclass Pulmonata and 7 (31.8%) to the Prosobranchia; I did not record any representatives of the Subclass Gymnomorpha. Species richness in Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve is extremely high, very close to that recorded for Carso de Baire, Tercer Frente, Santiago de Cuba Province, with 24 species (Maceira F. 2000). Probably this high value results from the presence of rocks containing calcium carbonate, which are the predominant soil substrate in both localities. Endemic species Of the Reserve’s species, 20 (90.9%) are endemic. One species, Macroceramus jeannereti, is endemic to Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. Four species (18.1%) are endemic to the Sierra Maestra Subregion, 11 (50.0%) to the Eastern Region of Cuba, and 1 (4.5%) to the East-central Region; 3 (13.6%) are endemics at the national level. The high percentage of endemism is very close to that cited for Cuba (96.1%), for the Eastern Region (95.6%), and for Alejandro de Humboldt National Park (88.1%) (Maceira E 2001). Microhabitats, habitats, and abundance In the Reserve we can divide the mollusk fauna into species that use soil microhabitats (6), arboreal species (12), and rock-dwelling species (4). The vegetation types with the greatest species richness are semideciduous forest and xeromorphic scrub. Semideciduous forest has 15 species, of which 7 are uncommon, 3 common, and 5 abundant (Appendix 4). In xeromorphic scrub, 11 species have been observed, of which 2 are uncommon, 6 are common, and 3 abundant (and, in contrast to the level of endemism in semideciduous forest, all species in scrub are endemic). Among the soil mollusk fauna I found Succinea tenuis (a native species with moderately broad distribution in Cuba), and Lacteoluna selenina and Hawatia minuscula (the nonendemic species). In the rock-dwelling mollusk fauna, the presence of the following species is striking: Annularisca heynemanni and Chondropomatus |. latum (which has not been observed for more than 50 years); and Juannularia a. arguta (Fig. 4G) and Chondropoma abnatum. All belong to the family Annulariidae and have not been studied since the monographs of Torre and Bartsch in 1932 and 1948. They are small mollusks with an affinity for limestone walls. In the arboreal mollusk fauna, the species Polymita venusta (Fig. 4F) and P. versicolor are notable; they belong to the genus of land snails considered the most beautifully colored in the world (Fernández and Martínez 1987). Of all the species in the genus, 118 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 P. venusta has the largest distribution in Eastern Cuba. Although P. versicolor was not observed during the mollusk inventory, from the scientific literature we know of its existence in the area. This species is distributed in coastal and subcoastal vegetation of the southern coastline from Jauco, Maisí, Guantánamo Province, to Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. Equally important in the arboreal mollusk fauna is Liguus fasciatus crenatus (Fig. 4E), a large mollusk (7 cm long) that is white with green bands on the last coil of its shell, and that occupies the same microhabitats that Polymita venusta uses. Other notable records Oleacina solidula, an endemic mollusk that preys on other mollusks, is noteworthy as an indicator of a well- developed mollusk fauna. Notable as well is the presence of Eurycampta exdeflexa, because Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve is the western limit of its distribution. The Reserve is one of only three localities known in the world for Caracolus s. sagemon; all are on the southern coast. The other two are Jauco, Guantánamo Province, and El Francés, west of Santiago de Cuba Bay. The other species, Coryda alauda, is endemic to Eastern Cuba and has a larger distribution than the other arboreal species: Caracolus s. sagemon, Polymita venusta, P. versicolor, and Liguns fasciatus crenatus. The rock-dwelling species Annularisca heynemanni, Chondropomatus l. latum, Juannularia a. arguta, and Chondropoma abnatum serve an important function in the formation of rocks and sand, which are abundant in the Reserve. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS At this time the only threat to the mollusk fauna is the restricted distribution of the population of the endemic Macroceramus jeannereti (found only in the Reserve), which leaves it vulnerable to any damage. For that reason, I recommend surveillance of its populations, as well as those of the threatened endemics Polymita venusta and P. versicolor. 1 suggest that the study of the mollusk fauna found in sediments could reveal the species that formerly lived and were abundant in the Reserve, as is the case for Polymita versicolor. We should evaluate the possibility of reintroducing this species to the area. SPIDERS Participant/Author: Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz Conservation targets: Populations of 20 endemic species present in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve (Appendix 5), particularly (1) 3 species (Stenoonops hoffi, Oonopoides pilosus, and Nops siboney [Fig. 4B]) that are known only from a few localities within the Sierra Maestra and (2) 3 species (Oonops minutus, Araneus faxoni, and Selenops siboney) known to date only from the type locality within the Reserve’s boundaries (C4)* INTRODUCTION Since the middle of the twentieth century, only a few collections, and very few studies, of spiders have been carried out in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve. The oldest records correspond to species deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard University) and mentioned by Bryant (1940). Since that year, several authors have recorded or described other species, through isolated collections made in the vicinity of the community of Siboney and within some of the caves that today are part of the Ecological Reserve. The greatest contributions to the spider fauna of this area were made during the joint Cuba-Romania Expedition, from which new species were described and new records were noted for the area (Georgesco 1977; Dumitresco and Georgesco 1983; Gruia 1983; Dumitresco and Georgesco 1992). The study of the spider fauna of this protected area has not been systematic, and the existing background information is based specifically on the work just mentioned and sorely lacks studies of ecology, behavior, or species distribution. In addition, an intensive collection effort outside the current protected area has never been undertaken. * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation /Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 119 METHODS This report combines fieldwork carried out during the rapid inventory and data obtained from a characterization of the spider fauna conducted in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve from January to June 2002. During the rapid inventory, because of our short stay in the area, I limited sampling to forays through the Reserve. I observed and/or collected all the spiders encountered, for the most part on vegetation, under rocks, in or on the soil, in the leaf litter, on fallen tree trunks, and inside epiphytic bromeliads. I conducted these surveys along the entire canyon of the Jutici River, since this area had not been sampled before. In the study prior to the rapid inventory, I used three sampling methods: (1) a pitfall trap, consisting of 13 metal receptacles 7.5 cm in diameter and 10 cm tall, separated from each other by 3 m; (2) 10 vegetation plots (each one with an area of 4 m’) in which I used constant search during 15 minutes for each plot, collecting all the spiders found in the area spanning from the top of the head to the ankles; and (3) diurnal and nocturnal collection rounds at some points where I did not use the previous methods. To estimate the potential number of species present in the Ecological Reserve, I used the first-order jackknife index: Jack 1 = S + L(m - 1/m), which is based on the number of species that appear in a single sample (L), where S is the total number of species in a sample and m is the number of samples (in this study, m = 120). This index reduces the underestimation of the true number of species in a community, based on the number represented in a sample, reducing the bias by 1/m (Palmer 1990). The Jack 1 index gives an estimation value much more accurate and less biased than those of other estimators of species richness (Moreno 2001; Palmer 1990). For the calculation of this index I used the statistical program EstimateS Ver. 5.0b1 created by Robert K. Colwell (1997). For the compilation of the species list, I took into account previous records for the study area. For this purpose I reviewed the following work: Alayo (1957), Alayén (1972, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1985, 1992, 1993a, 1993b, 19953, 1995b, 199582000), Alayón and Platnick (1993), Bryant (1936, 1940), Dumitresco and Georgesco (1983, 1992), Franganillo (1934, 1936), Georgesco (1977), Gruia (1983), Levi (1959), and Sánchez-Ruiz (2000, 2004). RESULTS Richness of taxa observed and percentage of endemism During the entire course of fieldwork in the Reserve, I examined 385 individuals, of which 274 (71.2%) were identified to the species level. From the literature consulted I extracted 66 records for the area now covered by the Reserve, of which I was able to confirm the presence of 37 species. When I combined the literature records with 24 species that I found before and during the rapid inventory, the number of species of spiders present in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve reached 90 (Appendix 5), grouped into 30 families and 69 genera. Although it covers a very small area compared to that occupied by the Sierra Maestra or by Cuba, the Reserve has high values for the richness of species, genera, and families of spiders (Table 1). Table 1. Representation of spider taxa in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve % Cuban Number in % taxa of the Taxonomic Number in taxa in the the Sierra Sierra Maestra category Cuba Reserve Maestra in the Reserve Species 568 15.8 230 39.1 Genera 243 28.4 130 53.1 Families 53 56.6 38 78.9 Data for Cuba taken from Alayón (2000) and data from the Sierra Maestra taken from Sánchez-Ruiz (2000) The families best represented were Araneidae, Salticidae, Tetragnathidae, and Theridiidae. Table 2 shows the families with more than 9 species present in the Reserve and the percentage of endemism in each. 120 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Table 2. Families of spiders with highest species richness in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve Family Number % of these species of species endemic to Cuba Salticidae 16 37.5 Theridiidae 16 18.8 Araneidae 14 21.4 Tetragnathidae 10 20.0 Of the 247 species endemic to Cuba that are included in the most recent list of spiders of Cuba (Alayon 2000), 20 were found in the Reserve, constituting 8.1% of the endemics recorded for the Cuban archipelago and 22.0% of the 91 species endemic to the Sierra Maestra. Of these endemic species present in the Reserve, 5 (26.3%) are known only from the Sierra Maestra massif and 3 others (15.8%) are restricted to a single locality. Of the 69 genera present in the Reserve, only Bryantina (Pholcidae) and Pelegrina (Salticidae) are Cuban endemics. Estimated species richness From the data obtained during the study prior to the rapid inventory, I calculated the first-order jackknife index for 120 samples. The Jack 1 value (see Methods) was 178 + 5 species. If we compare this value with the number of species known to date (90), we get an idea of the level of knowledge for this group in the area. Judging from the value obtained for this index, I conclude that approximately 80 species remain to be found in Siboney- Jutici Ecological Reserve. In addition, this index gives us an estimated value of species richness that will be useful for conservation planning. New and significant records For the Ecological Reserve I noted 24 new species, including 4 new records of families: (1) the family Hahniidae, of which I collected a juvenile specimen, (2) Sparassidae, represented by the species Heteropoda venatoria (Fig. 4A, which, although it is a human symbiont very common in houses in the countryside, had never before been recorded from localities within the Ecological Reserve), (3) Sicariidae, with the species Loxosceles cubana and Loxosceles caribbaea, of which I collected several individuals inside caves and under Agave sp. plants (Agavaceae), and (4) Deinopidae, represented by the species Deinopis lamia, of which I collected two individuals in semideciduous forest in the locality of Juticí. The species Stenoonops hoffi (Oonopidae) is noteworthy, as it is known, in Cuba, only from Siboney, in the sinkhole in front of Cantera Cave, and from the vestibule of Virgen Cave (Dumitresco and Georgesco 1983). This species was described from Jamaica and has been recorded in Cuba only from these points within the Ecological Reserve. Another interesting record is the species Loxosceles caribbaea (Sicariidae), recorded for Cuba by Pérez (1995) from the cave of El Cuzco (El Salvador, Guantanamo) and by Sanchez-Ruiz (2001) from three localities in the Sagua-Baracoa massif. During the rapid inventory I found several adult individuals of L. caribbaea under Agave sp. plants; this find extends the species distribution to the Sierra Maestra massif. Oonopoides pilosus (Oonopidae) was recorded for Cantera Cave (Siboney-Jutict Ecological Reserve) and for Bariay Cave (Pilon, Granma) by Dumitresco and Georgesco (1983), and to date the species is known only from these two caves in the Sierra Maestra. Also noteworthy is Nops siboney (Caponiidae; Fig. 4B), found in the vicinity of the ecological station (Sánchez-Ruiz 2004) and recorded also for Boca de Cabanas, Santiago de Cuba (27 km west of Playa Siboney). Recently, in surveys along the southeastern coast of Cuba, I found this species in Cajobabo, Imias, Guantanamo, east of the type locality. Apparently this species is distributed along the entire southeastern coast of the country, but more sampling effort will be necessary in this area to establish its actual distribution. Notable also are 3 local endemic species with small populations in the Ecological Reserve (see below). THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS We must take into account the vulnerability of species populations with limited distributions, since these without doubt are the first to disappear in the event that CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 1521] habitat loss intensifies. For that reason, in the specific case of the spider fauna of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, we must pay particular attention to populations of the three local endemic species found within its borders: Oonops minutus (Oonopidae) is known only from Golondrinas Cave; nevertheless, the population may be distributed throughout the cavern system of Siboney, although to date no individuals have been found in nearby caverns. Loss of its natural habitat is the principal threat to this species. Araneus faxoni (Araneidae) was described from Siboney by Bryant (1940) and up to the present only the type specimen is known; the male still has not been described. This rare spider belongs to the group of the Araneidae for which individuals are smallest, measuring only 2.5 mm in length; for this reason, finding individuals of the species becomes more difficult. This araneid builds its webs only in shrubby vegetation, as do the rest of the species of the genus; therefore, indiscriminate cutting of shrubs in its natural habitat (for example, for charcoal production) could reduce the only known population considerably. Selenops siboney (Selenopidae) apparently is restricted to xeromorphic scrub in this reserve. The loss of its natural habitat constitutes the principal threat to this species. We recommend the following actions to protect the arachnofauna of the Reserve: * Prevent the cutting of vegetation and emphasize the protection of xeromorphic scrub and shrubby vegetation in general. # Protect Siboney’s cavern systems, restricting access to the caves by unauthorized persons. # Undertake studies of the population dynamics at least of the three local endemic species, to determine (1) the actual distribution of populations within the Reserve, (2) location and description of the male of Araneus faxoni, and (3) actual habitat requirements for these three species. OTHER ARACHNIDS (Orders Scorpiones, Amblypygi, Schizomida, Solpugida, Ricinulei, and Uropygi) Participant/Author: Rolando Teruel Conservation targets: The four local endemics: the scorpion Alayotityus delacruzi (the only scorpion of the family Buthidae known to be restricted entirely to caves; Fig. 4C), the schizomids Cubazomus orghidani and Rowlandius sp. nov., and the uropygid Mastigoproctus sp. nov. (Fig. 4D) (C4); their cave habitats (two of these endemics live only in this environment) (C1, C2) * INTRODUCTION Arachnids constitute a group ecologically important among the arthropods, both for the large number of species included and for their largely predatory role in ecosystems. For that reason they are one of the elements of biodiversity most susceptible to the effects of human activity, a risk increased by the convergence of two other variables that are equally important: the limited geographic distribution of the majority of species and the concentration of the greatest values of this group’s taxonomic richness and endemism in zones that are arid or that have coastal vegetation, all of which are highly vulnerable ecologically. For that reason, studies of the group’s diversity are particularly noteworthy. Several prior works have recorded some of the taxa of these orders for Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve: scorpions (Armas 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977a, 1984, 1988; Armas and Alayon 1984; Silva Taboada 1974; Teruel 1997, 2000a, 2000b, 2001a, 2001b; Vachon 1977), amblypygids (Armas and Alayon 1984; Quintero 1983; Silva Taboada 1974; Teruel 2000b, 2001b), schizomids (Armas 1989, in press; Armas and Alayon 1984; Dumitresco 1977; Reddell and Cokendolpher 1995; Silva Taboada 1974; Teruel 2000b, * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation /Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 2001b), solpugids (Armas and Teruel in press; Teruel 2000b, 2001b), ricinuleids (Armas 1977b, 1980; Armas and Alayón 1984; Dumitresco and Juvara-Bals 1973; Silva Taboada 1974; Teruel 2000b, 2001b), and uropygids (Teruel 2000b, 2001b). METHODS I detected individuals visually through direct search by turning over rocks and fallen tree trunks, removing the bark from dead trunks and branches, and examining the interior of epiphytic bromeliads; I also sampled at night with an ultraviolet light, in the case of scorpions. I captured specimens less than 5 mm long with the help of a paintbrush dipped in 80% ethanol, and those larger than this size with entomological tweezers appropriate for their sizes and for the hardness of their exoskeletons. I preserved all material in 80% ethanol and deposited it in the collections of BIOECO, properly labeled. RESULTS Species richness and endemism I captured 17 species, belonging to 6 orders, 8 families, and 14 genera (Appendix 6), confirming the presence of all species of scorpions, amblypygids, schizomids, solpugids, ricinuleids, and uropygids previously recorded in the Reserve (see citations above). This diversity value is high and corresponds to the tendency of several of these orders, such as Scorpiones, Schizomida, Amblypygi, and Solpugida, to have higher species richness in areas that are low-lying or coastal or that contain xerophytic vegetation (Teruel 1997, 2000b, 2001b). Table 3 shows a comparison between the arachnofauna (except spiders) of the Reserve (this study) and the Sierra Maestra (Teruel 2000b, 2001b). In the Reserve are found the following percentages of species representation by order, with respect to all species of that order present in the Sierra Maestra: Scorpiones (36%), Amblypygi (43%), Schizomida (17%), Solpugida (50%), Ricinulei (100%), and Uropygi (100%). This reserve covers only 0.3% of the area of the Sierra Maestra; therefore, the great relevance of these values is evident. The 16 endemic species include endemism at the level of Cuba (2 scorpions and 1 amblypygid), of the Eastern Region (4 scorpions, 2 amblypygids, the 2 solpugids, and the ricinuleid), and of the Reserve (1 scorpion, the 2 schizomids, and the uropygid). The only species not endemic to Cuba is the scorpion Centruroides gracilis, a species introduced accidentally by humans in the Cuban archipelago and of wide distribution throughout the country (Armas 1988; Teruel 1997, 2000b, 2001b); within the Reserve it is found exclusively in human-dominated sites. New and significant records Four species are local endemics for the Reserve: the scorpion Alayotityus delacruzi (the only scorpion of the family Buthidae known to live exclusively in caves; Fig. Table 3. Taxa of arachnids (except spiders) in the Sierra Maestra and Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve Sierra Maestra Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve Cuban Cuban Order Families Genera Species endemics Families Genera Species endemics Scorpiones 2. 5 22 20 2 5 8 7 Amblypygi 2 3 Y 4 2 3 3 3 | Schizomida 1 5 12 il 1 2 Zz. 2 Solpugida 1 2 4 4 1 2 2 2 Ricinulei 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 Uropygi 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TOTALS 8 17 47 41 8 14 17 16 CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 123 4C), the schizomids Cubazomus orghidani and Rowlandius sp. nov., and the uropygid Mastigoproctus sp. nov. (Fig. 4D). Three species were found for the first time in the locality of Jutici: the scorpion Alayotityus juraguaensis, the ricinuleid Pseudocellus paradoxus, and the schizomid Rowlandius sp. nov. All three had been found in other parts of the Reserve but had never been captured before in this locality. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS During the present study I did not identify specific threats to these arachnids in the Reserve, but the small population sizes of some species render them vulnerable to possible habitat change. We must protect the local endemics for the importance that they have in the arachnofauna of the Reserve and of Cuba. At the same time, we should ensure strict preservation of the caves in this area, since 2 of these endemics live exclusively in them and 6 other species frequent them, with the result that 47% of the 17 species in the area normally use the caves as their habitat. We also need more studies of the population ecology of the Reserve’s endemic species to evaluate the potential stability of their populations in the future. BUTTERFLIES Participant/Author: Jorge Luis Fontenla Rizo Conservation targets: Parides gundlachianus, a charismatic species endemic to Cuba (C4, C5)* INTRODUCTION Before the rapid inventory of September 2002, no documentation existed on the butterflies of Siboney- Juticí Ecological Reserve, except for a few specimens collected in Siboney and deposited in the butterfly collection of the Institute of Ecology and Systematics (Instituto de Ecologia y Sistematica). METHODS I made observations in the Siboney sector of the Reserve (the eastern part), up to the entrance to the Juticí sector, about 3-4 km to the west. RESULTS I observed 37 species (Appendix 7). In general, lower- elevation zones and forests in Cuba, like those of Siboney, are the richest in butterfly species. The number of species in the area is likely to be approximately 50. Parides gundlachianus (Papilionidae) is found in some areas of the Eastern and Western Regions of Cuba. Siboney is one of the areas of Cuba where a stable and relatively abundant population of this species is found. Burca braco, also present, is a rare species associated with coastal zones. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Deforestation is a potential threat, but it is not occurring in the Reserve at present. Opportunities exist for the conservation of rare species or habitat specialists like Calisto sibylla, Anaea cubana, and Hypna clytemnestra in the Reserve. HYMENOPTERANS Participants/Authors: Eduardo Portuondo F. and Jorge Luis Fontenla Rizo Conservation targets: The five species endemic to Cuba (C4)* INTRODUCTION Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve has among its objectives the preservation of a series of ecosystems specific to the southeastern coast. Because of their climatic, geological, and edaphic peculiarities, these systems support a biota with great heritage value, given the high degree of endemism of the flora and fauna. Of the latter, the groups best studied have been the vertebrates. * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation /Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. 124 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 For hymenopterans, Alayo (1970) cites the locality of Siboney and neighboring areas as significant for their species numbers. Portuondo (2000) monitored the area for a year with yellow plates. This study showed which species were most common, as well as the seasonality of their abundance. The level of endemism still has not been determined, because a complete revision of the species of this order in Cuba does not exist. METHODS The method consisted of the use of a Malaise trap for 48 h, but because of the weather dilemma created by Hurricane Lily, the collections were not abundant. For that reason, in Results we also include information obtained during a previous study (Portuondo 2000). E. Portuondo and J. L. Fontenla (ants only) identified the specimens. RESULTS Hymenopterans were represented by at least 107 species of 10 families (Appendix 8). Of these, Formicidae and Sphecidae were the most abundant, both in number of individuals and in number of species. The ants constituted a preponderant group because of the large number of individuals and of species. The ant fauna of this reserve is rich in comparison with those of other localities. We recorded 36 species, of which Forelius pruinosus, Paratrechina longicornis, Dorymyrmex insanus, and Solenopsis geminata were the most abundant. Of the Sphecidae, we identified 19 species, among which the species of Trypoxylum are the most frequent. Equally common is a complex of at least 4 species of the genus Liris. Five species of the genus Tachysphex recorded for Cuba are present, including T. dominicanus (reported by Pulawski [1988]). Two interesting records are the presence in the Reserve of (1) Solierella sola, which was described recently (Genaro and Portuondo 2001) and (2) a species of the genus Nitela not yet identified. Both of these species were found during the work before the rapid inventory. The family third in number of individuals was Apidae (all bees), but only 9 species were identified; of these, Ceratina cockerelli and Apis mellifera were the preponderant species. We also found a complex of at least 3 species of the genus Lasioglossum. We encountered a high percentage of the genera of Bethylidae recorded for Cuba. Among the parasitic hymenopterans, we found at least 12 genera of scelionids (Scelionidae) in the Reserve. Of these, the most common was a genus not yet described (Masner pers. com.), which is distributed in the Antilles and contains more than 1 species. Individuals of the genus Scelio, with at least 2 species, were also common. Next in abundance were braconids, represented by the genera Opius and Chelonus. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The principal threat to the biodiversity of the Reserve is the pressure generated by the growth of neighboring population centers. For this reason, the use of legal means and of education to confront and prevent human pressure is essential. At the same time, we need a well- developed management plan to recover the flora of the Reserve, an action that would benefit populations of native insects as well. AMPHIBIANS AND TERRESTRIAL REPTILES Participant/ Author: Ansel Fong G. Conservation targets: Four species with restricted geographic distributions (Eleutherodactylus etheridgel [Fig. 5A], Sphaerodactylus docimus, two undescribed species of the genus Sphaerodactylus [Fig. 5B]) (C4); two species (Cyclura nubila, Epicrates angulifer [Fig. 5D]) persecuted by humans and considered Vulnerable and Near Threatened, respectively, by IUCN (C5)* * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation/Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 125 INTRODUCTION Extreme climatic conditions, soil type, and vegetation with characteristics unique in Cuba seem to have favored the presence of faunal communities with high species richness and elevated endemism in Siboney- Juticí Ecological Reserve. The amphibians and reptiles of this reserve are no exception; nevertheless, before now they had not been studied and no publication existed that treated them either separately or as part of the entire fauna. In spite of the importance of these groups for the conservation of the Reserve, essentially nothing is know of their composition, status, and ecology, and very little action for conservation or management has been directed toward amphibians and reptiles, mainly because of lack of information. METHODS In this report I combine data obtained (1) during fieldwork on 27 and 28 September 2002 and (2) from previous observations that I made in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve between 1996 and 2002. This prior work concentrated mainly on the Siboney sector, with isolated visits to the Sardinero locality and its vicinity. For the fieldwork I noted species observed or heard, using an active search for the animals both during the day and at night. The search covered all microhabitats where amphibians and/or reptiles can be found, from the soil to the treetops, including leaf litter, rocks, fallen trunks, branches and trunks of trees and shrubs, bromeliads, dead agaves, and the undersurface of bark. I also collected data for all casual observations, for example during the trips from one site to another. I collected specimens of species only when they were necessary for corroborating identification in the laboratory; these were deposited in the herpetological collections of BIOECO (BSC.H) and of Carlos de la Torre Natural History Museum in Holguin (Museo de Historia Natural “Carlos de la Torre” de Holguín [MHNH|]). As a way of evaluating abundance in each habitat, I noted the number of individuals observed per species, as well as the length of time devoted to the search and the number of persons participating. With these data I calculated an index of relative abundance in the form of number of individuals observed per person- hour of observation (“ind/h-h” in Appendix 9). RESULTS Species richness and habitats During the fieldwork I observed 21 species, which, combined with others recorded in previous samples, give 28 species for the Reserve: 4 amphibians and 24 reptiles (Appendix 9). These include 1 toad, 3 frogs, 18 lizards, 4 snakes, and 2 blind snakes. Of the 7 species not observed during this inventory, the gecko Sphaerodactylus docimus is the rarest; it is known only from a specimen collected in this reserve (in the locality of Juticí) at the beginning of the twentieth century. During the fieldwork I did an intensive search of that locality but did not find the species. Taking into account the small area of this reserve (20.8 km?) and the fact that it covers only 0.01% of the surface area of the island of Cuba, the number of reptiles present here is high, constituting 17.6% of Cuban species and 34.8% of the species of the Sierra Maestra, the massif in which the area of study is nestled. In the herpetofauna of the Reserve, the genera Eleutherodactylus, Sphaerodactylus, and Anolis predominate in terms of number of species (Appendix 9); the same is true for the Cuban fauna in general and in the Sierra Maestra in particular (Fong 2000). With respect to abundance, the lizards Anolis jubar, A. argenteolus, and Ameiva auberi dominate during the day and the small frog Eleutherodactylus tonthus at night. Another lizard, Leiocephalus carinatus, is also abundant, but mainly in areas with less vegetation and nearer the sea. With respect to habitat types, in xeromorphic scrub I observed the largest number of species (Appendix 9); the only species that I did not find there were 2 reptiles, the lizard Anolis sagrei and the snake Epicrates angulifer (Fig. 5D) (within the Reserve the former lives only in secondary vegetation and the latter 126 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 in caves). In this habitat type also live 8 species (28.6% of the total) that are not found in other vegetation types in the Reserve. Secondary vegetation and caves harbor the lowest numbers of species, just 2 in each (Appendix 9); the other vegetation types had intermediate numbers of species (between 4 and 11). The high number of species in xeromorphic scrub and the low number in secondary vegetation could be an indicator of the condition of this reserve, showing that natural habitat has conserved the majority of the species that originally lived in it, and that few species have had to move out of the area or adapt to human-dominated areas. This indication should be considered in the management of the Reserve (see Threats and Recommendations, below). Endemic species The low number of amphibians in the Reserve is a result of the arid characteristics of the area, the high temperatures and insolation, the low relative humidity, and the scarce precipitation—adverse conditions for amphibians, and the reason that only a few resistant species can live here. Nevertheless, the endemism of amphibians is high. Three of the 4 species are Cuban endemics; 1 of these is exclusive to the massifs of the Eastern Region of Cuba, and another is a local endemic known only from three sites on the southern coast of Guantánamo and Santiago de Cuba Provinces (Appendix 9). In comparison, 13 endemic species of reptiles are present (54.2% endemism), a value that is low if we compare it with that for Cuba or for the Sierra Maestra (81.6 and 71.9%, respectively; Fong 2000). This relatively low number of endemics is important because more than one-third (5 species) are endemic to the Eastern Region of Cuba and 3 of them are known only from a strip of about 250 km in the coastal zone in the southern part of Granma and Santiago de Cuba Provinces. Significant also is the contrast between the low percentage of Cuba’s surface area covered by the Reserve and the 11.7% of reptiles endemic to Cuba and the 26.5% endemic to the Sierra Maestra that are protected here. New and significant records Among the most interesting records is the presence of Eleutherodactylus etheridgei (Fig. SA) in some areas of the Reserve. I collected this small frog in Siboney and Juticí, both new localities for the species, which was known formerly only from Santiago de Cuba (one specimen) and the Naval Base at Guantánamo (Schwartz and Henderson 1991). This record is also important because these are the only localities for this species that fall within Cuban protected areas. Such protection favors the conservation of this species, which is already considered threatened (Vale et al. 1998). Other range extensions are the presence in Siboney of the gecko Hemidactylus haitianus and of a species of blind snake of the genus Typhlops that can be assigned to the species T: biminiensis. | collected just one specimen of the latter species; therefore, the confirmation of its occurrence requires the capture of more individuals and the publication of descriptions of the new species of this genus, now in preparation (Hedges 1999, in prep.). During this trip I observed in the Siboney sector, and collected for the first time in the Juticí locality, specimens of an undescribed species of the genus Sphaerodactylus (Fig. 5B). This gecko was discovered a few years ago and is now in the process of being described (Fong and Díaz in press). Its distribution is limited to three localities within the Reserve: Siboney, Juticí, and Sardinero. I collected another species of this same genus, also in the process of being described, within the Reserve, but it does not seem to be abundant there. Its distribution spans several points on the southeastern coast of Santiago de Cuba Province, in a strip that extends about 80 km east-west (Fong and Díaz in press). THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The presence within Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve of four threatened species—three reptiles and a frog — increases its importance for Cuba's herpetofauna and especially for the conservation and protection of the most sensitive elements of that fauna. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 12/7 Two species of reptiles are included on the Red List of Threatened Species (Hilton-Taylor 2000): the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila) and the Cuban boa (Epicrates angulifer; Fig. SD). These reptiles are threatened by hunting and by persecution in Cuba, since the human population uses them for food, and since the boa is often killed out of fear and ignorance. The current pressure that members of local communities exert on these two species is unknown, but the efficiency of protection should be increased, and programs of environmental education that might support the protection and conservation of these threatened reptiles should be strengthened. Two other species, although not included on the Red List, are considered threatened in the National Study of the Biodiversity of Cuba (Estudio Nacional de Biodiversidad de Cuba) (Vale et al. 1998). These species are the frog Eleutherodactylus etheridgei (Fig. SA) and the gecko Sphaerodactylus docimus, whose status in the Reserve has already been explained in this report. Both are included in the Vulnerable category because of their restricted geographic distributions and the destruction that their habitats are suffering. The broad extent of xeromorphic scrub, the presence of unique species in this vegetation type, and its high species richness make this habitat of principal interest for the conservation of amphibians and reptiles in the Reserve. We need strict control of wood extraction, fires, and the entry of persons from outside the Reserve, as these agents cause the destruction of this habitat and its microhabitats, harming the amphibian and reptile fauna. One important effort that would support the conservation of xeromorphic scrub, as well as its fauna, would be environmental education programs for the human population near the Reserve, as mentioned earlier. The population declines and extinctions that have occurred in amphibians almost worldwide (Barinaga 1990; Wake 1991) and the observation of similar declines on Caribbean islands (Hedges 1993; Joglar and Burrowes 1996), as well as the disappearance of some Cuban species in places where their original habitats have been modified (Fong 1999), create the concern that this phenomenon may be occurring in Cuba also, even more so if we consider the lack of studies on this subject on the island. Therefore, we should be studying amphibians to detect any change that might be happening in their populations. At present a monitoring program for the Reserve's amphibians is being initiated. This program could provide a rapid alarm system for population decreases or massive extinctions in the area. BIRDS Participants/Authors: Luis O. Melián Hernández, Douglas F. Stotz, Debra K. Moskovits, and Freddy Rodríguez Santana Conservation targets: One endemic species with restricted distri- bution in Cuba (Polioptila lembeyel, Fig. 5E) (C4); a threatened Cuban endemic that apparently occurs seasonally in the Reserve (Mellisuga helenae; Fig. 5G) (C4, C5); two species endemic to Cuba that have large populations in the Reserve (Vireo gundlachii and Teretistris fornsi, Fig. 5F) (C4); migratory passerines from North America (C7)* INTRODUCTION Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, on the southeastern coast of Cuba, is covered almost entirely with shrubby, xerophytic vegetation. For this reason, the resident avifauna is not as diverse as that found in protected areas that have a greater diversity of forests and freshwater habitats. Nevertheless, the Reserve has a large population of one of the endemic birds with the most restricted distribution in Cuba: Cuban Gnatcatcher (Polioptila lembeyei; Fig. SE). Also, its geographic location may make this site extremely important for migrant passerines from North America that pass through the Caribbean in the spring and in the fall. METHODS Melián H., Stotz, and Moskovits were the ornithologists in charge of the bird inventory in Siboney-Jutici * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation/Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Ecological Reserve from 27 to 28 September 2002. Rodríguez S. provided additional information about other species observed previously in the area. Walking on trails and roads, we observed and recorded every bird seen or heard. Sampling began from half an hour to an hour before sunrise. We remained in the field as long as light was available, except during a period of about two hours during midday. We summed the number of individuals observed for each bird species so that we would know the relative abundance of the bird in the area. RESULTS During the inventory of 27-28 September 2002, we recorded 48 species. Of these, Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) is a new record for Eastern Cuba, and 4 species are new records for the Reserve: Yellow- throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons), Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata), Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), and Bay-breasted Warbler. For the area of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, 68 species had been known previously. With these new records its species count rises to 72 (Appendix 10). Endemic species Twenty-two species of birds endemic to Cuba are known (if one includes Cuban Martin, Progne cryptoleuca, which nests only in Cuba but leaves the country during the winter). We observed 5 of these endemics during the inventory (Dives atroviolacea, Polioptila lembeyei [Fig. SE], Teretistris fornsi [Fig. SF], Todus multicolor, Vireo gundlachi). In addition to these, 5 other endemic species are known from the Reserve (Glaucidium siju, Mellisuga helenae [Fig. 5G], Priotelus temnurus, Tiaris canora, and Xiphidiopicus percussus). In spite of the adverse environmental conditions, 10 species of birds endemic to Cuba can be seen in the Reserve, though many of them occur in low densities. Nevertheless, the abundance of Cuban Gnatcatcher (Polioptila lembeyet; Fig. SE) and Oriente Warbler (Teretistris fornsi; Fig. 5F) was very high, as was the abundance of Cuban Vireo (Vireo gundlachit). All these species were found regularly in groups of up to 8 individuals in the case of Cuban Gnatcatcher and 16 for Oriente Warbler, and Cuban Vireo usually appeared in pairs within mixed flocks composed of these species and species of migratory warblers (especially Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor). Restricted to xerophytic coastal vegetation of southeastern Cuba as well as a small area in Sancti- Spiritus and on a few cays north of Cuba, Cuban Gnatcatcher (Fig. SE) is not threatened. Nevertheless, because of its small distributional range, within which tourism is being developed (or potential exists for its development), and because of its susceptibility to hurricanes, it should be considered vulnerable. The large population in the Reserve may be the most important for this species. Although during the rapid inventory we did not detect the presence of Bee Hummingbird (Mellisuga helenae; Fig. 5G), its occurrence in the Reserve is known through other work carried out in the area, and it has even been filmed by colleagues from Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. Apparently its presence in the Reserve fluctuates in time; it appears there in particular during the period of major flowering, especially of Agave underwoodii. Studies of this threatened endemic bird would be useful, especially studies focused on its relationship with migratory species, which have been observed using the same food resources as Bee Hummingbird and which we assume compete with it. Migratory species In spite of the early period in the season when we carried out the rapid biological inventory, the considerable number and species richness of migratory warblers that we saw suggest that migrants were congregating along the coast, waiting for favorable conditions for continuing their migration south. Numerous studies along the Gulf Coast of North America (e.g., Able 1972; Moore and Simons 1992; Yong and Moore 1997; Moore 2000) have pointed out the importance of stopover sites of high quality on the coast itself for migratory birds that make long-distance CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 129 flights across the Gulf of Mexico. Studies in Hispaniola indicate that on that island, migratory birds preferentially use a similar type of scrub as stopover habitat (Latta and Brown 1999). Probably the southeastern coast of Cuba, and Siboney in particular, play a significant role during both spring and fall migration as a stopover site for migratory passerines passing through the Caribbean Sea. Studies of habitat use in Siboney would be an important basis for a conservation plan for these birds. Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor) is extremely common in Siboney, with several individuals of this species present in each of the mixed flocks observed. In all, we observed nine species of migratory warblers in addition to Yellow-throated Vireo (Vireo flavifrons), which is a new record for Siboney. Almost all these birds are found in mixed flocks. The most notable observation among these migratory species was an individual of Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea), observed on 28 September, which is a new record for this species for the Eastern Region of Cuba. Also, we observed 10 individuals of Blackpoll Warbler (Dendroica striata) and a Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea); each of these observations is the first record of the species for the Reserve. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The cutting of trees for fuelwood and charcoal, as well as the presence of domestic animals in some areas of the Reserve, constituted a threat for the biodiversity of the area in recent times. These activities should be tracked and considered during the development of management plans, to offset threats caused by these practices. Another action that puts biodiversity at risk is the capture of birds for the pet trade, for the most part Yellow-faced Grassquit (Tiaris olivacea) and Cuban Bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra). We still do not know the possible damage that this activity may cause for populations of these species. The presence of a road through the lowest-lying area (on the first terrace, which is already degraded) facilitates outsiders’ access for carrying out extractive activities. Controlling access by this route could contribute to eliminating most of the threats mentioned previously. Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve, and the coastal xeromorphic scrub of southern Cuba, appear to be important areas for wintering and reprovisioning for many species of migratory birds from North America twice a year. For that reason, this area could serve as an ideal site for studies of the migration ecology of these species. We suggest the following inventories and research: * More complete inventories of populations of migratory species * Ecological studies of the populations of Cuban Gnatcatcher, Bee Hummingbird, Cuban Vireo, and Oriente Warbler, especially in disturbed areas dominated by Acacia: Why are the populations of these species so dense in habitats apparently so simple, with low species richness of plants? = Documentation of the value of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve as a reprovisioning stopover for passage migrants In general, we need better access routes to the highest part of the northern sector of the Reserve, to facilitate research activities. TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Participant/Author: Nicasio Viña D. Conservation targets: Endemic species of bats (Antrozous koopmani, Phyllonycteris poeyi [front cover, and Fig. 6B], and Stenoderma falcatum) (C4); species of bats on the 2004 IUCN Red List (Tadarida brasiliensis muscula, Mormoops blainvillei [Fig. 6F], Pteronotus macleayi macleayi, Pteronotus quadridens quadridens, and Phyllonycteris poey/) (C5); bat communities, because they are the most numerous in individuals and species in the country (C3); populations of hutias (Capromys pilorides), because of the hunting pressure on this species in the Reserve (C4, C6)* INTRODUCTION The presence of limestone rock in a large part of Cuba favors the creation of caves, in which a varied fauna has developed. Within Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve is * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation/|Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. 130 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 found a suite of caves that is of great importance for Cuba's cave-dwelling biodiversity because of the number of species and individuals present in them. This cave system has particular value for the bat fauna; in the small area of the Reserve, many of the species native to Cuba have been reported. METHODS This report is based on existing data from several years of work in the area, which have increased our knowledge of the mammal species present, and on a literature review (Alayo 1958; Kratochvil et al. 1978; Silva Taboada 1979; Viña Dávila 1991). RESULTS This work deepens our understanding of the species distributions and especially of the threats to which these species are now subjected. For the area of Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, 21 species of terrestrial mammals have been recorded, of which 18 have extant populations in the Reserve and 2 are non-native but established species. Chiroptera (Bats) Eighteen species of chiropterans have been recorded in the area of the Reserve (Appendix 11); 2 of them have been found only in sediments and 1 is extinct. The number of species reported from live individuals is 15. Antrozous koopmani is very rare and has been collected alive on few occasions, and never in the Reserve, where, like Stenoderma falcatum, it is known only from skeletal remains. A fossil subspecies, Natalus stramineus primus, has also been reported; its remains were found in Cantera Cave. Majaes Cave (with 11 species) and Cantera Cave (with 6) harbor between them 87% of the living bat species recorded in the Reserve. (The two caves have several species in common; Appendix 11.) The Reserve protects 55% of the living species of Cuban bats and is therefore very important for the conservation of Cuba’s bat fauna. Of the species recorded, 3 are endemic: Antrozous koopmani, Stenoderma falcatum, and Phyllonycteris poeyi (Fig. 6B). This last species forms enormous colonies in Majáes Cave. P. poeyi is responsible for the high temperatures of the chambers where it lives, because of its strong gregarious instinct and its high body temperature. In these chambers, known as “hot caves,” temperatures reach 38°C, which, combined with values of relative humidity that exceed 90%, generate very distinctive microclimatic conditions. The species recorded show different feeding habits: 10 are insectivorous; 3 eat pollen, insects, and seeds; 1 feeds on pollen and insects, and 1 only on fruits (Fig. 6). Food sources should be taken into consideration in the development of a conservation strategy. These species seek and capture food, for the most part, in areas outside the Reserve, which have been notably transformed, in particular through the decrease in forest cover. To achieve the conservation of bat species that take diurnal refuge in the Reserve, we need management action outside the Reserve’s borders to secure their food sources. Studies of sediments carried out in caves show layers where the skeletal remains of bats are found, indicators of times when the number of individual deaths has been greater than normal. These periods of higher mortality seem to coincide with extreme natural phenomena like hurricanes. The passage of Cyclone Flora in 1963 created several days of intense and continuous rain over the entire Eastern Region of Cuba; this prevented the bats from foraging or strongly limited the availability of food, causing many deaths in the colony at Majaes Cave. Variation in forest cover and use of pesticides may be the reasons for changes in the colonies present in the Reserve but have not been considered in studies carried out to date. Rodentia (Rodents) In the Reserve are found three species of rodents. The hutia Capromys pilorides, a species distributed throughout the area, has been hunted historically with CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 134) traps and firearms. Although it is protected by a permanent hunting ban, it continues to be captured illicitly. No studies exist on its populations or of the impact that hunting may have on them. The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a species introduced accidentally with the arrival of Europeans. In the Reserve it is distributed widely, even in Majáes Cave, where an established population exists. The impact of this species on the native fauna of the Reserve has never been evaluated. Individuals of the house mouse (Mus musculus), also introduced, have been observed, but only in existing structures in the Reserve. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The most important threat to the mammal fauna is that the majority of the feeding areas of bats are not included in the Reserve, and that no plan of action and no activities yet exist for the management of these zones. Such protection would be important also for the maintenance of the cave-dwelling fauna that is tightly connected to bats. The fauna present in caves depends, in direct or indirect form, for its food on the organic material accumulated from the feces of the bat species that live there. For that reason, a conservation strategy for bat species would also protect the rest of the cave- dwelling fauna. The hunting of the hutia is one of the extractive activities that still occur in spite of action taken to eliminate them. Protective actions must continue. Studies of populations of rare, endemic, vulnerable, or threatened mammals in the Reserve would provide information on the effects of ecological context and possible threats on these species. This information would guide management action. These studies also would serve as a baseline for monitoring the effectiveness of these actions. MARINE BIODIVERSITY Participants/Authors: Leopoldo Viña D., David Maceira F., Jorge Tamayo F., Eddy Martínez Q., and Nicasio Viña D. Conservation targets: Species considered Threatened by IUCN: Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle, Endangered), Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill turtle, Critically Endangered), and Trichechus manatus (West Indian manatee, Vulnerable) (all of which are also subject to capture for food or for use in handicrafts) (C5, C6); functional representatives of the eight types of marine ecosystems in the Reserve (C1)* INTRODUCTION Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve has a marine sector where, before the rapid biological inventory, several studies had been carried out but had not been published. This inventory is indispensable for planning management action. The marine sector lies between the coastline and the 200-m isobath, with an area of 641 ha. The coast is 10.4 km long. METHODS Between 1999 and 2001, we conducted the inventory of the Reserve's marine sector, in which we characterized marine algae, mollusks, hard corals, and fishes. We carried out all the work using free (SCUBA) diving suits for a team of three people, in which two took notes and one was the lead diver. Each type of written record was always made by the same person. For each kilometer of coastline we did a survey perpendicular to the coast (for a total of eight), from the shoreline out to waters 20 m deep. The information that we obtained was complemented by observations throughout the area to determine species composition. This ad lib observation also allowed us to record the presence of reptiles, mammals, and vascular plants. Along each survey line we determined the ecosystems present and their variations, which we georeferenced with a GPS. We noted the species observed and mapped the macrohabitats encountered. The work in the intertidal zone was based on samples * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation /Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 in five quadrats of 1 m?, separated from one another by 25 m, covering a sector of 100 m; the centers of the quadrats usually coincided with the starting points of the surveys. RESULTS Characterization of marine ecosystems Increasing our knowledge of the location of marine ecosystems and their characteristics is an important step toward defining management in the marine part of the Reserve. The National Biodiversity Study (Estudio Nacional de Biodiversidad) (Vale et al. 1995) suggests that, among the principal elements of the biotopes of the Cuban marine platform, the following variables play a predominant role: = The structure and distribution of superficial sediments; = The components of relief, the most noteworthy being hard substrate, coral reefs (reef crests, patch reefs, etc.), and other structures, either natural or human-built; = The hydrological and hydrochemical regimes, which are strongly affected by waters originating on land in some regions, and/or from the ocean in others; and = The aquatic vegetation: e.g., Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae), in addition to being a principal element of primary production (like mangroves), constitutes an unusual habitat that gives refuge and food to a great variety of organisms. In the study area, all these elements are present although with different intensities and extents. To classify the ecosystems present in the Reserve, we reviewed several literature sources: the National Biodiversity Study (Vale et al. 1995), the classification of CARICOMP (UNESCO 1998), the map of Marine Ecosystems of the New National Atlas of Cuba (Ecosistemas Marinos del Nuevo Atlas Nacional de Cuba) (Sánchez-Herrero et al. 1989), and the Rapid Ecological Assessment of Guantanamo Bay (Roca and Sedaghatkish 1998). Taking into account all of these studies, we developed a classification that allows a high level of resolution and detail, but of generalization as well. This categorization is comparable with those for other parts of the country and the region. We distinguished 8 types and 18 subtypes in the Reserve (Fig. 2B): * Coast with sandy beach (costa de playa arenosa) * Rocky coast (costa rocosa) — with cliffs (de acantilado) — low, with dogtooth rock (baja de diente de perro) * Mangrove stand (manglar) = Marine meadow (pasto marino) = Sandy bottom (arenal) — with isolated corals (con corales aislados) — with isolated corals and very scarce Syringodium (con corales aislados y Syringodium muy escaso) — with very scarce Syringodium (con Syringodium muy escaso) — with large isolated reefs (con cabezos grandes aislados) — with small isolated reefs (con cabezos pequeños aislados) — with rocks and isolated reefs (con piedras y cabezos aislados) = Coral terrace (terraza coralina) — simple with abundant Sargassum (simple con abundancia de Sargassum) — with low ridges (de camellones bajos) = Flat rocky terrace (terraza rocosa llana) — simple (simple) — with isolated corals (con corales aislados) — with isolated corals and isolated gorgonias (Gorgonaceae) (con corales aislados y gorgonias aisladas) — with isolated corals and abundant gorgonias (con corales aislados y abundancia de gorgonias) — with isolated corals and abundant Sargassum (con corales aislados y abundancia de Sargassum) — with isolated corals and abundant algae (con corales aislados y abundancia de algas) CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 133 — with frequent crevices, isolated corals, and a high percent cover of different algae species (con frecuentes oquedades, corales aislados, y alto porcentaje de coberturas de diferentes especies de algas) — with algae and isolated gorgonias (con algas y gorgonias aisladas) = Submarine canyon (cañón submarino) In the locality of Sardinero (Figs. 2A, 2B) is a small barrier reef, for which we had difficulty in differentiating the classic parts (lagoon bank, reef plateau, and battering zone). We also found a small reef lagoon and lagoon reefs; because all were of small scale, we did not incorporate them into the classification. Algae We recorded 22 species belonging to 7 families (Appendix 12). In the study of algae in the intertidal zone, we determined percent cover in each of the five quadrats of the sectors studied. The results varied from 20 to 90% cover, with the exception of a single quadrat in the Punta Sardinero locality, where the percent cover was zero. The high percentages of cover found near the mouth of the San Juan River (Fig. 2A) indicate a possible correlation with contributions of organic material from the river. Corals Corals react rapidly to such variables as increases in sediments, algal growth, and temperature variations. In this area we recorded 23 species and 10 families (Appendix 12). These figures are significant if we take into account that 60 species, subspecies, and forms have been reported for the entire Cuban archipelago. Within the study area we observed two of the diseases of this group: white-band disease and black-band disease, although in few individuals. Mollusks In general, the Reserve's marine mollusks are of Caribbean distribution. To date no inventory had been conducted; the group was known only from the contributions of Alayo (1960) and of Freire and Alayo (1947). In the Reserve we found 2 classes, 6 families, 8 genera, and 12 species (Appendix 12). For the Class Polyplacophora we noted only the family Chitonidae, with 4 species belonging to 2 genera. For the Class Gastropoda we recorded 5 families, 6 genera, and 8 species. We found the highest representation in the Gastropoda: 66.7% of the species and 75.0% of the genera. The density values are small for the 11 species of marine mollusks recorded in the plots sampled: they vary between 0.4 individuals/m? for Fissurella nodosa and 35 individuals/m? for Nodilittorina ziczac. Fishes We observed 94 species belonging to 38 families (Appendix 12). We subdivided them by the habitats that they preferred or where they were seen most frequently. The results are as follows: « Wide distribution (not requiring specific habitats): 21 species = Mangrove stands: 6 = Sandy areas and marine meadows: 9 * Reefs and rocky substrates with protection: 58 Of these species, fishers capture 59; the most sought-after are the 21 species belonging to the families Haemulidae, Lutjanidae, and Serranidae. Reptiles and mammals Three species that have been observed in the area are elements of high priority for conservation. The marine reptiles Chelonia mydas (green sea turtle) and Eretmochelys imbricata (hawksbill turtle) have been observed in the area, and remains of these turtles have been found as a result of illicit capture by fishers. The third species is the marine mammal Trichechus manatus (West Indian manatee); fishers have recently reported them several times in the area. All three species are included on the 2004 IUCN Red List. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS We found that the mollusk species under heaviest harvesting pressure in the area were the queen conch 134 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 (cobo, Strombus gigas) and the West Indian topshell (sigua, Cittarium pica), given the high number of remains encountered. Nevertheless, according to our interviews, fishers also trade in species of the genera Cyphoma and Cyprea. Illicit marine fishing occurs within the boundaries of the marine zone of the Reserve. We do not have direct information on the impact that fishing imposes on populations of marine fishes in this zone. Nevertheless, 2 species that are considered Vulnerable by IUCN—the queen triggerfish (verraco pluma, Balistes vetula, Balistidae) and the gag (aguají, Mycteroperca microlepis, Serranidae) —inhabit the waters of the Reserve. Among the other 21 species captured most often by local fishers, decreases in individual size have been observed; this information comes from interviews with fishers and with experts familiar with the area. Clandestine marine fishing also threatens populations of marine turtles, already damaged by global impacts: the overexploitation of eggs and adult females on their nesting beaches, the capture of juveniles and adults in their foraging areas, secondary mortality from fishing activity, and the degradation of their marine and nesting habitats. Of the 2 species of marine turtles found in the Reserve, the green sea turtle is considered Endangered and the hawksbill turtle Critically Endangered by IUCN. The West Indian manatee receives strict legal protection in Cuban waters, but it is considered Vulnerable at the global level by IUCN. For centuries this species has suffered from hunting in the Caribbean for its meat, hide, fat, and bones. We recommend that the fishing of marine species be reduced or eliminated in the Reserve and that strategies be strengthened for the promotion of a regional environmental culture that would sustain the use of marine resources compatible with conservation. HUMAN HISTORY Author: José Jiménez Santander Conservation targets: Fort Sardinero, Muerto Cave, and the Sardinero aboriginal archeological site (C8)* Siboney is an emblematic settlement near Santiago de Cuba where the beauty of the Caribbean Sea meets the elegance of the landscape’s terraces. It combines nature and history, the known and the unknown. Groups of Ciboneys, originating in areas of present-day Venezuela, invaded the Antilles and all of Central America (with an economy based on gathering, hunting, and fishing). Around 2000 B.C.E. they established themselves in coastal areas near the estuaries of streams in the Reserve, in small groups with a negligible impact on the environment. They maintained control of the entire area of the Reserve until a period between the sixth and eighth centuries C.E., when Arawak agriculturalists arrived and founded an important community in Sardinero, as well as other smaller settlements at the mouths of the San Juan, Juticí, and Siboney Rivers (Fig. 2A). On sailing through this area on 1 May 1494, Christopher Columbus wrote, “The Indians from the Island who came in their canoes to the ships were without number” (Las Casas 1875). These communities used caves within the Reserve, among them Muerto Cave. This cave has international fame because it was used by the Ciboneys and by Arawak agriculturalists. Scientific work on Muerto Cave has been published in Cuba and in the United States of America: for example, the book Cuba Before Columbus by North American archaeologist Mark R. Harrington (1921). In 1515, after the Spanish “founding” of the town of Santiago de Cuba (in quotes because a small Arawak settlement already existed there), all of these groups were expelled from their land, with the false pretext of converting the natives of Cuba, and were interned in the settlement of El Caney, 6 km east of the recently founded town. * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation / Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 135 After that, the area now covered by the Reserve remained depopulated until the middle of the eighteenth century, when Spain decided to fortify the harbors near the city that were suitable for landing ships, during the 1740 war with England. Aguadores Castle, Fort Sardinero, Fort Justicí, and Fort Siboney were built at this time. The entire defense system of the southeastern coast was active during the nineteenth century, including the period of the three wars for Cuban independence between 1868 and 1898. In the latter year, the fortifications passed into the hands of the army and of the U.S. government, during the first North American occupation government in Cuba. In July 1898, 6,000 soldiers of the United States Army landed on the beaches of Siboney and Daiquirí and confronted Spanish troops at Las Guásimas, 5 km north of Siboney. They engaged in the Battle of San Juan at the gates of Santiago de Cuba and took the city. The largest economic investment in the Reserve’s lands was undertaken by the North American company Juragua Iron, beginning in 1883. It built a railroad across the entire coast, between the port of the city of Santiago and the mines of Juragua and Daiquiri. In 1936 the company liquidated its operations on the southeastern coast, and at the end of 1938 it decided to dismantle the railroad. In 1915, North American archaeologist Mark R. Harrington conducted the first scientific research known in the Reserve, in a project sponsored by the Heye Foundation of New York. He surveyed the whole coast from Siboney to Aguadores, some 12 km west, and published his results in the book Cuba Before Columbus. In 1962 the Emil Rakovitza Academy of Sciences of Cuba (Academia de Ciencias de Cuba “Emil Rakovitza”) established a laboratory of subterranean studies in the Reserve. In the 1970s the most important aboriginal idol ever to be found in Santiago de Cuba Province was discovered at the Sardinero archaeological site, within the Reserve. It is anthropomorphic, constructed of rock, an irrefutable example of the aboriginal art of Cuba, which at present is in the hands of its discoverer, the archaeology enthusiast Abdon Martinez. HUMAN COMMUNITIES Participants/Authors: Mayelin Silot Leyva, Yazmin Peraza, and Aleine Paul Conservation targets: An educational system that allows the implementation of environmental education in the community (C8, C9); professional and technical staff equipped for developing these activities (C8, C9); institutions for the study of biodiversity in the area, as well as their staff: specialists and investigators (zoologists, botanists, environmental educators, sociologists, and geographers, for the most part from BIOECO) who could guide the development of conservation education (C8, C9); the ecological station near the community of Siboney, which could be a base of operations for activities of interpretation and environmental education (C8, C9)* INTRODUCTION In the area that includes Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve are based only seven individuals: two are reserve guards and five are technical staff and specialists who work at the ecological station. Their basic role is to protect, manage, and monitor the Reserve. According to previous studies, the proximity of the community to the protected area allows access to and use of its resources, such as wood extraction, grazing, and the building of ovens for charcoal production, among others (Salmerón Lopez 2000). At present, these uses have changed because of the Reserve’s management category as a protected area. Among the activities that are promoted, and in which community members participate, are environmental education and interpretation. Also, Reserve managers recognize the potential of the area for tourism and the benefit that the population of the community of Siboney could obtain through these activities (e.g., renting their houses to visitors). Therefore, they are developing activities of ecological tourism and recreation, directed both to the local population and to tourists visiting the community and the Reserve. METHODS In the area, the Protected Areas Division of BIOECO, responsible for the administration and management of * Category codes for conservation targets (C1, C2, etc.) are explained in the Conservation/Information Design section on pages 97-98 of this report. 136 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 the Reserve, is carrying out several projects on social characterization. One of these (Salmerón López 2000) provided us with information on the perception and use of the Reserve's natural resources by the local community. We used a literature review to bring known data up to date and at the same time to acquire new information. During visits to the town of Siboney, we used observation and interviews at random with key actors and community members: for example, the delegate or mayor of the community, the family medicine practitioner, and other official and popular leaders, who gave us information on the composition, structure, and current conditions of the community and on the current use of resources present in the Reserve. RESULTS The community of Siboney This coastal community is a concentrated human settlement with a population of more than 1,000. Living conditions in general are good. Its beach is visited during all seasons of the year, both by Cubans and by foreign tourists. The influx of foreign tourism has caused a change in the attitude and behavior of some residents, even in the customs of rural life specific to the place. These changes include a growth in the activity of renting rooms for international tourism, as well as the sale of handicrafts and of food prepared by residents. As a result, family income has raised the standard of living in this community. The level of employment in the community is high: more than 25 economic and service centers employ community members. The town has three educational centers —for primary, secondary, and postgraduate instruction — which have intensified and spread activities of environmental education throughout the population. Through the inclusion of an environmental dimension in the study programs of primary and secondary schools, students learn the values and the importance of protecting nature. Through experiential classes they gain an understanding of the local natural environment. The students in the primary school are linked to Circles of Interest (Circulos de Interés) advised by specialists and technical staff from the Protected Areas Division of BIOECO, specifically on the subject of protected areas and their importance. During interviews of residents, many appeared very interested in knowing more about the natural values that they enjoy by living near a protected area. During an earlier project (Salmeron Lopez 2000), 52% of residents indicated their willingness to form groups for environmental activism. These attitudes are an opportunity for establishing programs of community participation in the comanagement of the Ecological Reserve. Human activities In our survey and monitoring we verified, through interviews and our own observations on affected areas, that activities that harm natural resources—such as logging, charcoal production, and the extraction of the Reserve’s vegetation for domestic uses, among others — have been minimized, and eliminated in some cases. Nevertheless, according to information from those interviewed, one use that has been engaged in for many years still persists: illicit fishing in the marine zone of the Reserve. A more recent use is the extraction of sand by people from places other than the community of Siboney (primarily the city of Santiago de Cuba and other provinces). They use the sand to fill playing fields and to supply housing construction. Both uses constitute a menace to conservation in the Ecological Reserve; even though they do not take place frequently, they occur very close to and even inside the protected area. In our opinion, the activities of the community of Siboney are not insuperable threats for the conservation and protection of the natural, historic, and cultural values of the Reserve, because the population already has a level of awareness that produces a feeling of belonging to the protected area. Also, the work developed and proposed by the Protected Areas Division of BIOECO involves the residents themselves in its conservation efforts; these participants then act as multipliers of conservation messages. This state of CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 137 affairs does not at all mean that all problems are resolved. We believe that necessary actions include intensifying the preventive and educational work with the local population, as well as searching for alternative solutions to economic problems that the community must confront today. The people of Siboney have used some natural resources in a way that is incompatible with conservation. These resources have been harvested to satisfy the need for fuel in the community. With the distribution plan for cooking gas, the cause for wood extraction is reduced or eliminated. The threats to conservation on the part of the community could diminish with (1) the creation of an environmental culture among community members, one that would reveal the values that are protected very near them; and (2) the generation of activities of recreation, interpretation, and ecological tourism, which would be to the benefit, economic as well as spiritual, of these residents. To accomplish these objectives, the Management Plan for Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve is being developed at this time; it includes among its programs and actions the ones suggested here. THREATS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Threats « The scarcity of the resources necessary for the work of environmental education: transportation, books, didactic materials, paper, pencils « Insufficient or ineffective regulatory signs in the protected area = The influx of people from other communities into the coastal zone of the Reserve. Up to the time of this study, no plan of action was in effect to involve these nonresidents in processes of environmental education and citizen participation in the protection and conservation of the resources that they use. But such actions have been taken into account in the proposal for public use that the Management Plan for the Protected Area will contain. = Negative impacts on some resources by people who visit the coastal zone of the Reserve and who come, for the most part, from the city of Santiago de Cuba. For example, the inappropriate collection of mollusks such as the West Indian topshell (sigua, Cittarium pica), the queen conch (cobo, Strombus gigas), and the Caribbean helmet (casco de mulo, Cassis tuberosa) cause the decrease of their populations; this capture of adult individuals prevents their reproduction. Another example is sand extraction for commercial purposes. = The absence of carefully developed nature tourism in the area. To date, only beach tourism occurs in Siboney. Nevertheless, favorable conditions exist for the option of nature tourism, which would bring another type of visitor to the community and perhaps sources of income for individuals who serve as tour guides in areas of the Reserve. Recommendations * Undertake fundraising projects for the work of conservation in the Reserve. Acquire materials, and resources in general, that would contribute to environmental education: folding chairs, brochures and posters, paper, didactic materials, binoculars, compasses, and guides to the local fauna and flora. Create exhibits for community residents. Foster other initiatives that would strengthen the promulgation of the values of the region, including the coastal zone. * Build and place signs in key areas of the Ecological Reserve, including the coastal area. * Build capacity in community leaders and students at all levels of education in the community. Equip these leaders and students with the legal regulations for the conservation of the coastal zone, the means for explaining and promoting them, and their application to all visitors to this area. = Undertake the development of a plan for tourism in the zone—a framework that will reconcile the interests of the Management Plan for the Reserve with the economic interests of the community, as well as Siboney’s requirements for consistently raising its standard of living. RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/ REPORT NO.10 Apéndices/Appendices CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 139 Apéndice/Appendix 1 Hepáticas/Liverworts Especies de hepáticas registradas en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Compilación por Kesia Mustelier Martínez./Species of liverworts recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province. Compiled by Kesia Mustelier Martínez. HEPÁTICAS / LIVERWORTS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Jubulaceae Frullania cobrensis Gott. Metzgeriaceae Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dum. Lejeuneaceae Lejeunea laetevirens Nees € Mont. Lejeunea phyllobola Nees & Mont. | Ricciaceae Riccia crystalina Lindenb. Riccia ekmanii S. Arnell Riccia frostii Aust. Riccia violacea Howe 140 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 2 Especies de musgos registrados en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Musgos/Mosses Compilado por María E. Potrony y Ángel Motito Marín./Species of mosses recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province. Compiled by María E. Potrony and Ángel Motito Marín. MUSGOS / MOSSES Nombre científico/ Scientific name Fissidentaceae Fissidens bryoides Hedw. Fissidens duryae Biz. Fissidens elegans Brid. Fissidens weirii Mitt. var. weirii Pottiaceae Barbula agraria Hedw. Barbula indica (Hook.) Spreng. var. indica Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. y Sauerb. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 141 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Especies de plantas vasculares terrestres en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Compiladas por Eddy Martínez Quesada de observaciones en el campo 27-28 de septiembre del 2002 por E. Martínez Quesada, O. J. Reyes, F. Acosta Cantillo, y W. S. Alverson; una revisión de las colecciones en el Herbario del Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BSC); la lista de Bermúdez et al. (2001); y la colaboración de Manuel J. G. Caluff (helechos). Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status ANTHOPHYTA (plantas con flores/flowering plants) Acanthaceae | Apassalus cubensis (Urb.) Kobuski = End - | Barleriola saturejoides M. Gómez - End - Barleriola solanifolia (L.) Oerst. ex Lindau - Nat - Dicliptera vahliana Nees Gallitos Nat - Drejerella calcicola Urb. - End - Drejerella maestrensis Urb. - End - Drejerella origanoides (Nees) Lindau - End = | Oplonia tetrasticha (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Stearn No me toques End - | Ruellia sp. - Nat = Stenandrium crenatum Urb. - End - JA Stenandrium scabrosum Nees - Nat - Agavaceae Agave underwoodi¡ Trelease - End = Furcraea hexapetala (Jacq.) Urb. Pita maguey Nat - Furcraea macrophylla Baker Pita Nat = Aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum L. - Nat - Trianthema portulacastrum L. Verdolaga de mar Nat - Aloeaceae Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Sábila Int - Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. var. aspera Rabo de gato Nat = Alternanthera axillaris D. Drietr. - End - Alternanthera serpyllifolia Urb. - End - Alternanthera tenella Colla - Nat = Amaranthus crassipes Schitdl. Bledo de clavo Nat = Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell Bledo Nat - Naa Amaranthus spinosus L. Bledo espinoso Nat = Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears Perejil de costa Nat = Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) H.B.K. Guaniquique Nat - Gomphrena serrata L. San Diego cimarrón Nat - Iresine flavescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Jiquilete Nat - Anacardiaceae Comocladia dentata Jacq. Guao prieto Nat = Comocladia platyphylla A. Rich. ex Griseb. Guao blanco End - Metopium brownei (Jacq.) Urb. - Nat = Metopium toxiferum (L.) Krug € Urb. Guao de costa Nat = | Metopium venosum Engl.* Guao de costa End - | 142 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Species of terrestrial vascular plants in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province. Compiled by Eddy Martínez Quesada from field observations 27-28 September 2002 by E. Martínez Quesada, O. J. Reyes, F. Acosta Cantillo, and W. S. Alverson; a review of specimens in the herbarium of the Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BSC); the list of Bermúdez et al. (2001); and the collaboration of Manuel J. G. Caluff (ferns). Nombre científico/ Scientific name PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre común/ Common name Apéndice /Appendix 3 Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants Estatus mundial/ Global status Spondias mombin L. Jobo Nat - Spondias purpurea L. Ciruela Int - Annonaceae Annona squamosa L. Anón Int - Oxandra lanceolata Baill. Yaya Nat - Apocynaceae Anechites nerium (Aubl.) Urb. - Nat - Echites umbellata Jacq. var. umbellata Curamagtiey blanco Nat - Forsteronia corymbosa (Jacq.) G. Mey. Bejuco prieto Nat - Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) G. Mey. Bejuco lechoso Nat - Mesechites rosea (A. DC.) Miers Rosa de sabana Nat - Neobracea bahamensis (Britton) Britton - Nat - Pentalinon luteum (L.) Hansen & Wunderlin Clavelitos Nat - Plumeria filifolia Griseb. Lirio End - Plumeria lanata Britton - End - Plumeria obtusa L. Lirio Nat 7 Plumeria rubra L. Lirio tricolor Int - | Plumeria stenophylla Urb. = End = | Plumeria trinitensis Britton = End - Plumeria turberculata Lodd. Lirio de costa Nat = Rauvolfia ligustrina Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Frutillo Nat - Rauvolfia nitida Jacq. Huevo de gallo Nat - Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. Palo boniato Nat - | Strempeliopsis strempelioides (Griseb.) Benth. Palo boniato End - | Vallesia antillana Woodson Palo boniato Nat - Asclepiadaceae Asclepias curassavica L. Flor de calentura Nat - Asclepias nivea L. LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic Flor de calentura blanca Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) EN En Peligro (se esta enfrentando a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild VU Vuinerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez et al. (2001) pero todavía no confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 143 Apéndice/Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton Algodón de seda Cynanchum brachystephanum (Griseb.) Alain - End - | Cynanchum caribaeum Alain = Nat = | Cynanchum eggersii (Schltr.) Alain - Nat - Cynanchum graminifolium (Griseb.) Alain - Nat - Cynanchum penicillatum (Griseb.) Alain - End = Cynanchum pubipetalum Alain - End - a Cynanchum urbanianum (Schitr.) Alain - End - Fischeria crispiflora (Sw.) K. Schum. Curamaguey de costa Nat - Marsdenia clausa R. Br. Curamaguey blanco Nat - Marsdenia satureiaefolia A. Rich. - Nat - Matelea alainii Woodson - End - Oxypetalum cordifolium (Vent.) Schltr. - Nat IE Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Bejuco revienta chivo Nat Asteraceae Acanthospermum humile (Sw.) DC. Pinedo Nat Ageratum conyzoides L. Celestina azul Nat Ambrosia hispida Pursh Carquesa Nat Baccharis dioica Vahl - Nat Borrichia arborescens (L.) DC. Romero de playa Nat Chaptalia dentata (L.) Cass. - Nat Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King € H. Rob. Rompezaragúey Nat Chromolaena sinuata (Lam.) R. M. King € H. Rob. Rompezaragúey Nat Cirsium mexicanum DC. Cardo Nat Critonia aromatisans (DC.) R. M. King & H. Rob. Trébol de olor Nat Elephantopus scaber L. Lengua de vaca Nat Gochnatia calcicola (Britton) Jervis & Alain - End Gochnatia ilicifolia Less. Cordobancillo Nat Ilva cheiranthifolia Kunth Artemisa de playa Nat | Iva imbricata Walter - Nat Koanophyllon helianthemoides - End (B. L. Rob.) R. M. King & H. Rob. Koanophylion villosum (Sw.) R. M. King & H. Rob. Albahaca de sabana Nat Neurolaena lobata (L.) Cass. Victoriana Nat Parthenium hysterophorus L. - Nat = Pectis cubensis Griseb. Romero cimarrón End = BS Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don Salvia de playa Nat = Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C. F. Baker Lengua de vaca Nat = Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Treinta nueces Nat - Tridax procumbens L. Romerillo Nat - 144 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Estatus mundial/ Global status Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Vernonia complicata Griseb. - End - Vernonia corallophila Gleason - End - | Vernonia gnaphaliifolia A. Rich. - End - Vernonia menthifolia Poepp. ex Spreng. - End - Bignoniaceae Distictis gnaphalantha (A. Rich.) Greenm. - End ~ Distictis rhynchocarpa Urb. Bejuco logarti End - Jacaranda caerulea (L.) J. St.-Hil. - Nat - Spirotecoma spiralis (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Pichon Roble yanilla End - Synapsis ilicifolia Griseb. Chicharrón End EN Tabebuia affinis Britton € P. Wilson ex Alain Roble blanco End - Tabebuia anisophylla Urb. - End - Tabebuia arenicola Britton Roble de playa End - | Tabebuia myrtifolia (Griseb.) Britton - End - Tabebuia petrophila Greenm. - End - Tabebuia polymorpha Urb. - End VU Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Sauco amarillo Nat - Boraginaceae Bourreria setoso-hispida O. E. Schulz - End - Bourreria taylori Britton - End - Bourreria virgata (Sw.) G. Don Raspalengua Nat = Cordia curbeloi Alain Roble ateje End - Cordia galeottiana A. Rich. Ateje blanco End - Cordia leucosebestena Griseb. Anacahuita End - | Cordia pulverulenta (Urb.) Alain ES End = Cordia sebestena L. Vomitel colorado Nat - Cordia triangularis Urb. - End > LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/Global status * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez End= Endémico de Cuba/ (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) et al. (2001) pero todavía no Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU = Vuinerable, se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors ‘a continue to operate CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 145 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Ehretia tinifolia L. Roble prieto Gerascanthus albus (Jacq.) Borhidi Ateje amarillo Nat Gerascanthus alliodora Varia Nat (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuhlmann & Mattos Gerascanthus collococcus (L.) Borhidi Ateje Nat Gerascanthus gerascanthoides (Kunth) Borhidi Varia Nat | Heliotropium curassavicum L. Alacrancillo de playa Nat Heliotropium fruticosum L. Alacrancillo Nat Heliotropium humifusum Kunth Alacrancillo blanco Nat Heliotropium indicum L. Alacrancillo Nat Heliotropium microphyllum Sw. Alacrancillo blanco Nat Heliotropium ternatum Vahl Alacrancillo Nat Rochefortia acanthophora (DC.) Griseb. Espuela de caballero Nat Rochefortia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson Sargento Nat Rochefortia stellata Britton & P. Wilson Carey de costa End Tournefortia bicolor Sw. Nigua Nat Tournefortia glabra L. Nigua Nat Tournefortia gnaphalodes (L.) R. Br. ex Roem.& Schult. Incienso de costa Nat Tournefortia hirsutissima L. Nigua Nat Tournefortia maculata Jacq. - Nat Tournefortia poliochros Spreng. Nigua Nat Tournefortia scabra (Willd.) Kunth Cayaya Nat Tournefortia stenophylla Urb. - Nat Tournefortia volubilis L. Nigua Nat Varronia brittonii Millsp. - Nat Varronia erythrococca (Griseb.) Moldenke Hierro de costa End Varronia globosa Jacq. ssp. humilis (Jacq.) Borhidi Hierba de sangre Nat a Varronia leptoclada Millsp. > End Varronia lineata L. Guasimilla Nat <= Bromeliaceae Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez Curujey Nat Catopsis floribunda L. B. Smith Curujey Nat Catopsis nutans (Sw.) Griseb. Curujey Nat Tillandsia balbisiana Schult. f. Curujey Nat Tillandsia bulbosa Hook. Curujey Nat Tillandsia fasciculata Sw. var. fasciculata - Nat Tillandsia flexuosa Sweet Curujey Nat Tillandsia polystachya L. Flor de aire Nat Tillandsia recurvata L. Curujey Nat Tillandsia setacea Sw. Curujey Nat a 146 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/ Global status Nombre común/ Common name Nombre científico/ Scientific name Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Guajaca Tillandsia utriculata L. Curujey Nat - | Burseraceae Bursera simaruba (L.) Sargent. Almácigo Nat - Cactaceae Consolea macracantha A. Berger Tuna de cruz End - Cylindropuntia tunicata (Lehm.) F. M. Knuth Patana Nat - Dendrocereus nudiflorus (Engelm. ex Sauvalle) Flor de copa End ~ Britton & Rose Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton Jijira End - Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose Flor de cáliz Nat - ] Leptocereus maxonii Britton & Rose - End - Melocactus harlowii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel Melón de costa End - Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. var. dillenii Tuna Nat - (Ker Gawl.) L. D. Benson Pilosocereus brooksianus (Vaupel) Byles & Rowley Jitira End - Rhipsalis baccifera (J. S. Muell.) Stearn Disciplinilla Nat - Rhodocactus cubensis (Britton & Rose) F. M. Knuth Abrojo End - Ritterocereus hystrix (Haw.) Backeb. Cardón Nat - Selenicereus urbanianus (Gurke € Weing.) - Nat - Britton & Rose Canellaceae Canella winterana (L.) Gaertn. Curbana Nat - Capparaceae Capparis cynophallophora L. Mostacilla Nat - Capparis ferruginea L. Olivo Nat - Capparis flexuosa L. Palo barba de indio Nat - Cleome spinosa Jacq. Volantin Nat - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez et al. (2001) pero todavía no confirmada por el equipo del Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Vulnerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate inventario rapido/Species listed by Bermudez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 147 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants Nombre científico/ Scientific name PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre común/ Common name Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Global status Estatus mundial/ Cleome viscosa L. Volantín viscoso Nat - Cecropiaceae Cecropia schreberiana Miq. Yagruma Nat - Celastraceae Cassine xylocarpa Vent. var. attenuata - Nat - | (A. Rich.) Kuntze Crossopetalum aquifolium (Griseb.) A. S. Hitchcock Jinca pata Nat - Crossopetalum rhacoma Crantz - Nat - Maytenus buxifolia (A. Rich.) Griseb. Carne de vaca Nat - nea Maytenus elaeodendroides Griseb. Sangre de toro End = Al Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth. Verdolaga Nat - Schaefferia ephedroides Urb. o Nat - Schaefferia marchii Griseb. - Nat - Clusiaceae Clusia rosea Jacq. Copey Nat - Combretaceae | Conocarpus erectus L. var. erectus - Nat - Conocarpus erectus L. var. sericeus E. Forst ex DC. - Nat - Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Canutillo Nat - il Commelina erecta L. Canutillo Nat - Convolvulaceae Evolvulus arbuscula Poir. var. arbuscula Tebenque Nat = Evolvulus arbuscula var. canus (Ooststr.) H. Manitz Tebenque Nat - E Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. Aguinaldo morado Nat - Ipomoea alba L. Flor de Y Nat - 3 Ipomoea carolina L. Bejuco de indio Nat - | Ipomoea cubensis (House) Urb. - End = Ipomoea hederifolia L. Cambustera de Nat = hojas anchas Ipomoea incerta (Britton) Urb. - End - Ipomoea mutabilis Ker Gawl. - Nat - | Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. Boniato de playa Nat - Ipomoea stolonifera J. F. Gmel. - Nat = Ipomoea tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy Bejuco marrullero Nat = Ipomoea trifida (Kunth) G. Don Barrullero Nat - Ipomoea triloba L. Aguinaldo marrullero Nat = Ipomoea tuba (Schitdl.) G. Don Flor de Y Nat ~ Jacquemontia havanensis (Jacq.) Urb. - Nat - Jacquemontia jamaicensis (Jacq.) Hall. f. - Nat - 148 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) G. Don - Nat - Jacquemontia verticillata (L.) Urb. - Nat - Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb. Aguinaldo velludo Nat - Merremia cissoides (Lam.) Hall. f. - Nat - Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hall. f. Aguinalo de almendra Nat - Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hall. f. - Nat > Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall. f. Aguinaldo amarillo Nat Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. Aguinaldo de pascuas Nat - Cucurbitaceae Cayaponia racemosa (Mill.) Cogn. Brionia Nat - Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach. ~ Nat - Melothria pendula L. Pepino cimarrón Nat - Momordica charantia L. Cundeamor Nat - Psiguria pedata (L.) R. A. Howard Pepino cimarrón Nat - - Cuscutaceae Cuscuta americana L. Fideillo Nat - Cuscuta globosa Ridl. - Nat - Cyperaceae Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. - Nat - Dilleniaceae Tetracera volubilis L. Bejuco guara Nat - Dioscoreaceae Rajania wrightii Uline ex Knuth Name cimarrón Nat - Ebenaceae Diospyros crassinervis (Krug & Urb.) Standl. Ebano carbonero Nat - Diospyros grisebachii (Hiern.) Standl. Ébano real End - Diospyros halesioides Griseb. Ébano blanco End > LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/Global status * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez End= Endémico de Cuba/ (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) et al. (2001) pero todavía no Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando confirmada pet el equips del Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ a un riesgo extremadamente alto A ro pecice ste by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU Vulnerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 149 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Elaeocarpaceae Muntingia calabura L. Capulí Nat Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum cf. alaternifolium A. Rich. - End Erythroxylum areolatum L. Jibá macho Nat Erythroxylum confusum Britton Arabo Nat Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. Jibá End Erythroxylum minutifolium Griseb. Sibanicú piedra Nat Erythroxylum rotundifolium Lunan Arabillo Nat Euphorbiaceae Acalypha alopecuroides Jacq. Rabo de gato Nat Acidocroton lobulatus Urb. - End Acidocroton oligostemon Urb. Rompe ropa End Adelia ricinella L. Jía Nat Argythamnia candicans Sw. var. candicans Plateado Nat Argythamnia candicans var. serratifolia Urb. Plateado End Argythamnia cubensis Britton & P. Wilson ~ End Bernardia dichotoma (Willd.) Mall. Arg. Capul Nat Bonania cubana A. Rich. Filigrana de costa Nat Bonania elliptica Urb. - End Bonania microphylla Urb. = End Bonania spinosa Urb. Espino de costa End Chamaesyce buxifolia (Lam.) Small Leche marina Nat Chamaesyce crassinodis (Urb.) Millsp. - End Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Lechera Nat Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. - Nat Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small - Nat Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small Hierba de la niña Nat Chamaesyce torralbasii (Urb.) Millsp. - End Croton betulinus Vahl - Nat Croton corylifolius Lam. Guásima roja Nat Croton linearis Jacq. - Nat Croton litoralis Urb. Romero de costa End Croton lobatus L. Frailecillo cimarrón Nat Croton lucidus L. Cuabilla Nat Croton myricifolius Griseb. - End Croton pachysepalus Griseb. - Nat Croton rosmarinoides Millsp. - Nat Croton sagraeanus Múll. Arg. Aceitillo End Croton stenophyllus Griseb. Clavellina End 150 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Apéndice/Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Nombre común/ Common name Nombre científico/ Scientific name Estatus mundial/ Global status | Croton tenuiramis Urb. - End - Dalechampia scandens L. 2 Nat - Euphorbia heterophylla L. Hierba lechosa Nat - Gymnanthes lucida Sw. Yaiti Nat - Jatropha gossypiifolia L. Frailecillo Nat - Lasiocroton bahamensis Pax € K. Hoffm. Cuaba jatía Nat - Lasiocroton gracilis Britton € P. Wilson - End ~ Omphalea trichotoma Mull. Arg. Huevo de perro End - Phyllanthus epiphyllanthus L. Panetela Nat - Phyllanthus glabellus (L.) Fawc. & Rendle - Nat - Phyllanthus pruinosus Poepp. ex A. Rich. - Nat - Picrodendron baccatum (L.) Krug € Urb. ex Urb. Yana prieta Nat - Savia bahamensis Britton Hoja redonda Nat - Savia sessiliflora (Sw.) Willd. Ahorca jíbaro Nat - Securinega acidoton (L.) Fawc. = Nat - Tragia hexandra Jacq. Ortiguilla End - Tragia volubilis L. Candelilla Nat - Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae | Caesalpinia bahamensis Lam. Brasilete Nat - Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Guacalote cenizo Nat - Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Dividivi Nat - Caesalpinia pauciflora Benth. & Hook. f. ex Chapman Falso brasilete Nat - Caesalpinia subglauca Britton Tambalisa End - Caesalpinia vesicaria L. Brasil Nat - Caesalpinia violacea (Mill.) Stand). Yarúa Nat - Haematoxylum campechianum L. Palo campeche Nat - Senna atomaria (L). H. S. Irwin € Barneby Cañafístula cimarrona Nat - Senna obtusifolia (L.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby Guanina Nat - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/Global status * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez End tEndémicoida Cuba (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) et al. (2001) pero todavia no Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU = Vulnerable, se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre /Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors | continue to operate CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 151 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Hierba hedionda Senna uniflora (Mill.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby Guanina Nat Tamarindus indica L. Tamarindo Int Fabaceae - Faboideae Abrus precatorius L. Peonía Nat Aeschynomene americana L. var. americana Tamarindo Nat Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Maní cimarrón Nat Andira (Geoffroea) inermis (Sw.) H.B.K. Yaba Nat Ateleia cubensis Griseb. Rala de gallina Nat Brya ebenus (L.) DC. Granadillo de sabana Nat Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Jiquima dulce Nat C. Wright ex Sauvalle Canavalia nitida (Cav.) Piper Mate colorado Nat Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. Mate de costa Nat Centrosema plumieri (Turpin ex Pers.) Benth. - Nat Centrosema pubescens Benth. Bejuco de chivo Nat Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth. Azulado Nat Clitoria rubiginosa Juss. ex Pers. - Nat Crotalaria incana L. Garbancillo Nat Crotalaria retusa L. Maromera Nat Crotalaria verrucosa L. Cascabelillo Nat Dalbergia brownei (Jacq.) Schinz Bejuco serna Nat Desmodium axillare (Sw.) DC. Amor seco Nat Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) J. F. Macbr. - Nat Desmodium incanum DC. Empanadilla Nat Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. Amor seco Nat Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Amor seco Nat Galactia cuneata Alain - End Galactia monophylla Griseb. - Nat Galactia parvifolia A. Rich. - Nat Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urb. - Nat Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Añil azul Nat Indigofera tinctoria L. Añil Nat Indigofera trita L. ssp. scabra Añil Nat (Roth) de Kort & G. Thijsse Lonchocarpus longipes Urb. & Ekman Guamá prieto Nat Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Pico de aura Nat Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Pica pica Nat Mucuna urens (L.) Medik. Ojo de buey Nat Phaseolus lunatus L. Frijol caballero Nat RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Nombre científico/ Scientific name Pictetia marginata C. Wright PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre común/ Common name Yamaquey de tres hojas Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/ Global status Pictetia mucronata (Griseb.) Beyra & Lavin Yamaquey negro End - Pictetia spinosa (A. Rich.) Beyra € Lavin Yamaquey de loma End - Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. Peonía chica Nat - Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb. - Nat - Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC. Peonía blanca Nat - Sophora tomentosa L. Tambalisa Nat — Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub. - Nat - Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers. Barbesco Nat - | Tephrosia senna Kunth Barbesco Nat - Teramnus labialis (L. f.) Spreng. - Nat - Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw. Cresta de gallo blanca Nat - Fabaceae - Mimosoideae Acacia choriophylla Benth. Tamarindillo Nat - Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Guatapaná Nat - | Acacia tortuosa (L.) Willd. - Nat - Albizia cubana Britton € P. Wilson Bacona End - Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Aroma francesa Int - Calliandra colletioides Griseb. - End - Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose Moruro rojo Nat - Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Adormidera Nat - Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Aroma blanca Int - Lysiloma latisiliquum (L.) Benth. Soplillo Nat - | Lysiloma sabicu Benth. Sabicú Nat - | Mimosa pudica L. Dormidera Nat - Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. Algarrobo Nat - Sphinga prehensilis (C. Wright) Barneby & J.W. Grimes Amorosa End - Zapoteca formosa (Kunth) H. M. Hern - Nat - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Int Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) EN En Peligro (se está enfrentando a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild VU Vulnerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate * Especie en la lista de Bermudez et al. (2001) pero todavia no confirmada por el equipo del inventario rapido/Species listed by Bermudez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 153 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status Zapoteca gracilis (Griseb.) M. Bássler Flacourtiaceae Banara reticulata Griseb. - Nat - Casearia aculeata Jacq. Jia blanca Nat - Casearia bahamensis Urb. - Nat Casearia emarginata C. Wright ex Griseb. - End Casearia hirsuta Sw. Raspalengua Nat Casearia spinescens (Sw.) Griseb. Jía prieta Nat Casearia sylvestris Sw. var. sylvestris Sw. Sarnilla Nat Prockia crucis P. Browne ex L.* Guasimilla Nat Samyda minutifolia Urb. - End Xylosma buxifolia A. Gray* Hueso de costa Nat Gesneriaceae Bellonia spinosa Sw. - Nat Rhytidophyllum acunae Morton - End Rhytidophyllum intermedium Urb. 8 Ekman - End Rhytidophyllum villosulum (Urb.) C. V. Morton Salvilla End Goodeniaceae Scaevola plumieri (L.) Vahl - Nat = Hippocrateaceae Hippocratea volubilis L. Bejuco de vieja Nat = Lamiaceae Hyptis americana Briq. Salvia marina Nat - Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Almucena Nat - | Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis L. Bejuco de fideo Nat = Malpighiaceae Banisteria pauciflora Kunth = End = ASEO Bunchosia emarginata Regel Icaquillo End - Heteropteris laurifolía (L.) A. Juss. Bejuco de tortuga Nat - Malpighia pallens Small - Nat = Malpighia suberosa Small Palo bronco End = Stigmaphyllon ledifolium (Kunth) Small Bejuco San Pedro Nat = Stigmaphyllon lineare Wright ex Griseb. Bejuco San Pedro End - Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf. ex DC.) A. Juss. Bejuco San Pedro Nat = Stigmaphyllon sagraeanum A. Juss. Bejuco San Pedro Nat - Triopteris rigida Sw. - Nat = Malvaceae s. str. Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet Botón de oro Nat Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Botón de oro Nat - 154 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status Abutilon permolle (Willd.) Sweet - Nat - Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet - Nat - Anoda acerifolia Cav. Violeta Nat - Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth ex Griseb. - Nat - Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth Escoba de bruja Nat - Gaya occidentalis (L.) Sweet Botón de oro Nat - Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky Friega plato Nat - Hibiscus clypeatus L. ssp. cryptocarpus Algodón de ratón Nat - (A. Rich.) O. Blanchard Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq. Palo peregrino Nat - Malvastrum americanum (L.) Torr. - Nat - Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Malva negra Nat - Pavonia fructicosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle Tabano Nat - Pavonia heterostemon Urb. - End - Pavonia spinifex (L.) Cav. Majaguilla de costa Nat - Sida acuta Burm. f. Malva de caballo Nat - Sida ciliaris L. Malva Nat - Sida cordifolia L. - Nat - Sida rhombifolia L. Malva de cochino Nat - Sida urens L. Malva peluda Nat > Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Correa Majagua de la Florida Nat - Urena lobata L. Malva blanca Nat - Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. F. Fries - Nat - Wissadula periplocifolia (L.) Thwaites > Nat - Meliaceae Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Caoba de Cuba Nat EN | Menispermaceae Cissampelos pareira L. Bejuco terciopelo Nat - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez et al. (2001) pero todavía no confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid End= Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of : extinction in the wild inventory team Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU Vulnerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 155 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Nombre común/ Common name Nombre cientifico/ Scientific name Estatus mundial/ Global status Moraceae Chlorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaudich. ex Benth. Fustete Nat Ficus citrifolia Mill. - Nat Ficus maxima Mill. Jagúey macho Nat Ficus perforata L. - Nat Ficus trigonata L. Jaguey Nat Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb. Ramón Nat Myrtaceae Ú Calyptranthes pallens Griseb. - Nat Eugenia amblyophylla Urb. - End Eugenia axillaris (Sw.) Willd. Guairaje Nat = | Eugenia cowelli Britton & P. Wilson - End Eugenia iteophylla Krug & Urb. - End Eugenia maleolens Pers. Guairaje Nat Eugenia oonophylla Urb. - End Eugenia procera (Sw.) Poir. - Nat Eugenia rhombea (0. Berg) Krug & Urb. Mije Nat Myrcia citrifolia (Aubl.) Urb. Pimienta cimarrona Nat Myrtekmania adenoclada (Urb.) Urb. - End Myrtekmania filipes Urb. Pimientica End Nyctaginaceae - = Boerhavia coccinea L. Toston Nat = Boerhavia erecta L. Toston Nat - Commicarpus scandens (L.) Standl. Bejuco de purgación Nat - Guapira discolor (Spreng.) Little Barrehorno Nat - [ Guapira obtusata (Jacq.) Little Sapo Nat - Pisonia aculeata L. Zarza Nat - Especie desconocida 1/Unknown species 1 — = = Olacaceae Schoepfia chrysophylloides (A. Rich.) Planch. - Nat - Ximenia americana L. Ciruelillo Nat = Oleaceae ea Chionanthus bumelioides (Griseb.) Stearn Ramon de costa Nat = Forestiera rhamnifolia Griseb. Hueso blanco Nat = Forestiera segregata (Jacq.) Krug & Urb. Yanilla blanca Nat - Orchidaceae Broughtonia lindenii (Lind|.) Dressler - Nat - Vanilla dilloniana Correll - Nat - Passifloraceae Passiflora berteroana Balb. ex DC. Pasionaria Nat - 156 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Nombre científico/ Scientific name Passiflora cuprea L. PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre común/ Common name Sibey de costa Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants Estatus mundial/ Global status Passiflora foetida L. Pasionaria hedionda Nat - Passiflora holosericea L. Pasionaria Nat - Passiflora multiflora L. Fruta de perro Nat - Passiflora penduliflora Bertero ex DC. Pasionaria Nat - Passiflora rubra L. Pasionaria de cerca Nat - Passiflora santiagana (Killip.) Borhidi Pasionaria santiaguera End - Passiflora suberosa L. Huevo de gallo Nat - Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis L. Coralito Nat - Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter Bejuco de canasta Nat - Picramniaceae Picramnia pentandra Sw. Aguedita Nat - Plumbaginaceae Plumbago scandens L. Pega pollo Nat - Poaceae Aristida ternipes Cav. Espartillo Nat - Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Hierba camagieyana Nat ~ Brachiaria fasciculata (Sw.) Parodi Surbana Nat - Cenchrus brownii Roem. € Schult. Guizazo Nat - Cenchrus echinatus L. Guizazo Nat ~ Chloris barbata Sw. Barba de indio Nat - Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Hierba fina Nat - Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Pata de gallina Nat - Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Pata de gallina Nat - Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi Plumilla Nat - Panicum maximum Jacq. Hierba de guinea Int - Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubb. Hierba del natal Int - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild VU i Vulnerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez et al. (2001) pero todavía no confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI 157 ABRIL/APRIL 2005 Apéndice/Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants Nombre científico/ Scientific name Setaria leonis (Ekman) León PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre común/ Common name Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Espartillo Nat Polygalaceae Securidaca elliptica Turcz. Maravedi Nat Securidaca virgata Sw. Maravedi Nat Polygonaceae | Antigonon leptopus Hook. € Arn. Coralillo Int Coccoloba diversifolia Jacq. Uvilla Nat Coccoloba retusa Griseb. Icaquillo End Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L. Uva caleta Nat Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L. Verdolaga Nat Portulaca pilosa L. Diez del día Nat Portulaca rubricaulis H.B.K. - Nat Rhamnaceae Auerodendron cubense Urb. Cocuyo de costa End Auerodendron northropianum Urb. Cocuyo noble Nat Colubrina cubensis (Jacq.) Brongn. Bijaguara Nat Colubrina elliptica (Sw.) Brizicky & W. L. Stern Jayajabico Nat Doerpfeldia cubensis (Britton) Urb. - End Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb. Bejuco leñatero Nat Krugiodendron ferreum (Vahl) Urb. Carey de costa Nat Reynosia septentrionalis Urb. - Nat Ziziphus acutifolia (Griseb.) M. C. Johnst. Azofaifa de costa End Ziziphus grisebachiana M. C. Johnst. Azofaifa de playa End Ziziphus (Sarcomphalus) havanensis Bruja End H.B.K. var. bullata (Urb.) M. C. Johnst. Ziziphus (Sarcomphalus) havanensis Azofaifa de costa End H. B. K. var. havanensis Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. = Nat Ziziphus obovata (Urb.) M. C. Johnst. Bruja de costa End Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora mangle L. Mangle rojo Nat Rubiaceae Antirhea aristata Benth. & Hook. f. Chicharrón End Antirhea lucida (Sw.) Benth. & Hook. f. Llorón Nat Casasia calophylla A. Rich. Jicarita End Casasia Clusiifolia (Jacq.) Urb. - End Catesbaea flaviflora Urb. - End Catesbaea holocantha Griseb. - End Catesbaea longispina A. Rich. - End 158 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Estatus mundial/ Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/ Global status Nombre común/ Common name Nombre científico/ Scientific name Catesbaea spinosa L. Huevo de aura Nat - Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. - Nat - Diodia lippioides Griseb. - End - Diodia rigida Cham. € Schitdl. Hierba de garro Nat - Diodia serrulata (P. Beauv.) G. Taylor - Nat - Diodia teres Walter - Nat - Erithalis fruticosa L. Cuaba prieta Nat - Erithalis vacciniifolia Benth. & Hook. f. - Nat - Ernodea littoralis Sw. - Nat - Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Lirio santana Nat - Exostema parviflorum A. Rich. - End - Exostema spinosum (Le Vavass) Krug € Urb. - Nat - Exostema velutinum Standl. - End - Guettarda brevinodis Urb. - End - Guettarda calyptrata A. Rich. - End - Guettarda cueroensis Britton Guayabillo de costa End - Guettarda combsii Urb. - End Guettarda coxiana Britton - End - Guettarda rigida A. Rich. Cuero duro End - Isidorea elliptica Alain - End - Machaonia microphylla Griseb. - End - Machaonia variifolia Urb. - End - Mitracarpus sagraeanus DC. - Nat - Morinda royoc L. Piñipiñi Nat - Phialanthus myrtilloides Griseb. - Nat - Psychotria revoluta DC. Lengua de vaca Nat - Rachicallis americana (Jacq.) Kuntz. Cuabilla de costa Nat - Randia aculeata L. Café cimarrón Nat - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Int Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild VU = Vulnerable, se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre /Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate * Especie en la lista de Bermudez et al. (2001) pero todavia no confirmada por el equipo del inventario rapido/Species listed by Bermudez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 159 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Randia ciliolata C. Wright - Randia spinifex (Roem. & Schult). Standl. Agalla End Rondeletia apiculata Urb. - End Rondeletia combsii Greenm. - End Rondeletia hypoleuca Griseb. - End Rondeletia norlindii Urb. - End Rondeletia rugelii Urb. - End Scolosanthus bahamensis Britton - Nat Scolosanthus crucifer S. H. Wright ex Sauv. - End Spermacoce laevis Lam. Hierba de garro Nat Spermacoce spinosa Jacq. - Nat Strumpfia maritima Jacq. - Nat Terebraria resinosa (Vahl) Sprague Palo rosa Nat Rutaceae Amyris balsamifera L. Cuaba Nat Amyris diatrypa Spreng. Cuabilla Nat Amyris elemifera L. Cuaba amarilla de costa Nat Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Limón criollo Int Plethadenia cubensis Urb. - End Zanthoxylum coriaceum A. Rich. Ayúa Nat Zanthoxylum elephantiasis Macfad. Ayúa baría Nat Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Chivo Nat Zanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) DC. Ayúa Nat Zanthoxylum pistaciifolium Griseb. Bálsamo End Sapindaceae Allophylus cominia (L.) Sw. Palo de caja Nat Cardiospermum halicacabum L. var. halicacabum Farolito Nat Cupania americana L. Guara común Nat Cupania glabra Sw. var. glabra Guara de costa Nat Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk. Yaicuaje Nat Hypelate trifoliata Sw. Hueso de costa Nat Matayba domingensis (DC.) Radlk. Macurije Nat Melicoccus bijugatus Jaca. Mamoncillo Int Paullinia fuscescens Kunth Bejuco de vieja Nat Paullinia pinnata L. Azucarito Nat Serjania atrolineata C. Wright - Nat Serjania crassinervis Radlk. - End Serjania diversifolia (Jacq.) Radlk. Bejuco colorado Nat Serjania subdentata Juss. ex Poir. Bejuco de corrales Nat Thouinia elliptica Radlk. - End 160 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status Thouinia patentinervis RadIk. - End - Thouinia trifoliata Poit. Negra cuba Nat > Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. Caimitillo Nat - Mastichodendron foetidissimum (Jacq.) Cronq. Jocuma Nat - ssp. foetidissimum Pouteria aristata (Britton € P. Wilson) Baehni Chicharrón End vu Pouteria domingensis (Gaertn. f.) Baehni Sapote culebra Nat - Sideroxylon celastrinum (Kunth) T. D. Penn. Zalamera Nat - Sideroxylon horridum (Griseb.) T. D. Penn. Jiquí espinoso Nat - Sideroxylon salicifolium (L. ) Lam. Cuyá Nat - Scrophulariaceae Capraria biflora L. Escabiosa Nat - Smilacaceae Smilax havanensis Jacq. Alambrillo Nat - Smilax lanceolata L. Raíz de China Nat - Solanaceae Physalis angulata L. Vejiga de perro Nat - Physalis pubescens L. Vejiga de perro Nat - Physalis turbinata Medik Farolito Nat - Solanum antillarum O. E. Schulz Ajicillo Nat = Solanum bahamense L. Ajicón Nat = Solanum didymacanthum Millsp. - Nat = Solanum erianthum D. Don Pendejera macho Nat - Solanum havanense Jacq. Lila Nat - Solanum jamaicense Mill. Ajicón Nat - Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. Yerba mora Nat = Solanum polyacanthos Lam. - Nat = LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/Global status * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez End= Endémico de Cuba/ (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) et al. (2001) pero todavía no Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU = Vulnerable, se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 161 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/ Global status Solanum torvum Sw. Pendejera Nat - Solanum umbellatum Mill. Pendejera macho Nat - Staphyllaceae Turpinia paniculata Vent. Sauco cimarrón Nat - f Sterculiaceae Ayenia velutina Urb. - End - Byttneria microphylla Jacq. ~ Nat - Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Guásima Nat - Helicteres jamaicensis Jacq. Majaguilla de costa Nat - | Helicteres semitriloba Bertero ex DC. Majagúilla de costa Nat - Melochia nodiflora Sw. Malva colorada Nat - Melochia parvifolia Kunth - Nat - Melochia pyramidata L. Malva común Nat - Melochia tomentosa L. Malva Nat - | Neoregnellia cubensis Urb.* - Waltheria indica L. Malva blanca Theaceae Ternstroemia parviflora Krug & Urb. Vigueta naranjo Ternstroemia peduncularis DC. Copey vera Theophrastaceae Jacquinia aculeata (L.) Mez Espuela de caballero | Jacquinia brevifolia Urb. Espuela de caballero Jacquinia keyensis Mez Hueso Jacquinia stenophylla Urb. Espuela de caballero de costa Nat - Jacquinia verticillaris Urb. - End - Neomezia cubensis (RadIk.) Votsch* Contraguao cimarrón End - Tiliaceae AABT Corchorus hirsutus L. Malva blanca de costa Nat = Corchorus siliquosus L. Malva té Nat - UNA | Triumfetta lappula L. Guizazo de cochino Nat = Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. Guizazo Nat - Turneraceae Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. - Nat - Turnera ulmifolia L. Marilope Nat = Ulmaceae Ampelocera cubensis Griseb. Jatía blanca Nat - Celtis berteroana Urb. - Nat - Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. Zarza blanca Nat - Celtis trinervia Lam. Ramón de costa Nat = Phyllostylon brasiliensis Capan. Jatía Nat = 162 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/ Global status Nombre común/ Common name Nombre científico/ Scientific name Trema lamarckiana (Roem. & Schult.) Blume Capulí cimarrón Trema micrantha (L.) Blume Guasimilla cimarrona Nat - Urticaceae Fleurya cuneata (A. Rich.) Wedd. Ortiguilla Nat - Verbenaceae | Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze var. prismatica Verbena cimarrona Nat > Callicarpa bucheri Moldenke - End - Callicarpa cubensis Urb. var. cubensis Filigrana Nat - Callicarpa grisebachii Urb. - End - Citharexylum fruticosum L. var. fruticosum Guayo blanco Nat - Lantana arida Britton Adedica Nat - Lantana camara L. var. camara Filigrana Nat - Lantana cubensis Moldenke - End - Lantana insularis Moldenke Dama entre galanes Nat - Lantana involucrata L. Filigrana cimarrona Nat - Lantana microcephala A. Rich. - Nat - Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Brig. - Nat - (a Lantana parvifolia Desf. - End - Lantana reticulata Pers. Orégano cimarrón Nat - Lantana trifolia L. Filigrana de piña Nat - Lippia micromera Schauer var. helleri - Nat - (Britton) Moldenke Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers. Farolito Nat - | Pseudocarpidium avicennioides (A. Rich.) Millsp. - End - | Pseudocarpidium ilicifolium (A. Rich.) Millsp. Yanilla blanca End - Pseudocarpidium multidens (Urb.) Moldenke Chicharrón End - Pseudocarpidium wrightii Millsp. Chicharrón Nat > Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl Verbena azul Nat - LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba Estatus mundial/Global status * Especie en la lista de Bermúdez End= Endémico de Cuba/ (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) et al. (2001) pero todavia no Endemic to Cuba EN = En Peligro (se está enfrentando confirmada por el equipo del inventario rápido/Species listed by Bermúdez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre) / Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Int No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic VU = Vulnerable, se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 163 Apéndice /Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants PLANTAS VASCULARES TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL VASCULAR PLANTS Nombre científico/ Nombre común/ Estatus en Cuba/ Estatus mundial/ Scientific name Common name Status in Cuba Global status Vitex clementis Britton € P. Wilson - End - Vitex tomentulosa Moldenke Roble gúiro End - Viscaceae Phoradendron randiae (Bello) Britton & P. Wilson - Nat - Vitaceae Ampelocissus robinsonii Planch. = Nat - Cissus caustica Tussac - Nat - Cissus sicyoides L. Bejuco ubi Nat - Cissus trifoliata (L.) L. Bejuco ubí macho Nat = Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicholson € C. E. Jarvis - Nat - | Zygophyllaceae Guaiacum officinale L. Guayacan Nat EN Kallstroemia maxima (L.) Hook. & Arn. Abrojo Nat - Tribulus cistoides L. Abrojo Nat = PTERIDOPHYTA (helechos/ferns) Acrostichum danaeifolium Langsd. & Fisch. - Nat Adiantum sericeum D. C. Eaton - End Asplenium dentatum L. - Nat Cheilanthes microphylla (Sw.) Sw. - Nat Nephrolepis multiflora (Roxb.) Jarret ex C. Morton - Int 164 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 LEYENDA/LEGEND Estatus en Cuba/Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Int = No nativo (introducido a Cuba)/ Non-native, introduced species Nat = Nativo pero no endémico/ Native but not endemic Estatus mundial/Global status (Walter and Gillett 1998, IUCN 2004) EN VU = En Peligro (se esta enfrentando a un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en estado silvestre)/ Endangered, at very high risk of extinction in the wild Vulnerable, se esta enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Vulnerable, believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate Especie en la lista de Bermudez et al. (2001) pero todavia no confirmada por el equipo del inventario rapido/Species listed by Bermudez et al. (2001) but not yet confirmed by the rapid inventory team Apéndice/Appendix 3 Plantas Vasculares Terrestres/ Terrestrial Vascular Plants CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 165 Apéndice /Appendix 4 Moluscos Terrestres/ Especies de moluscos terrestres registrados en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Terrestrial Mollusks Santiago de Cuba, durante el inventario rápido del 27-28 de septiembre del 2002 por David Maceira F., y a partir de la literatura MOLUSCOS TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL MOLLUSKS Nombre científico/ Endemismo/ | Hábitats y abundancia/ Microhábitat/ Scientific name Endemism Abundance in habitats Microhabitat Annulariidae Annularisca heynemanni (Pfr., 1864) 0 PC CO CO Chondropoma abnatum (Gund. in Pfr., 1858) S CO PC AB Chondropomatus |. latum (Gund. in Pfr., 1858) S PC CO AB Juannularia a. arguta (Pfr., 1858) S - - > L Camaenidae Caracolus s. sagemon (Beck, 1837) O - - AB Helicinidae Alcadia minima (Orb., 1842) C CO - PC Emoda p. pulcherrima (Lea, 1834) 0 CO - Helicina subglobulosa Poey, 1852 0 PC - - Helminthoglyptidae Coryda alauda (Ferussac) 0) AB - 010) | Eurycampta exdeflexa (Pilsbry) 0) - CO CO Hemitrochus cesticulus (Gund. in Pfr., 1858) S AB - - Hemitrochus fuscolabiata (Poey, 1858) 0 AB - - - - - Aa Polymita venusta (Gmelin, 1786) 0 AB - - - - - Aa Polymita versicolor (Born, 1870)* 10) — - Aa Oleacinidae Oleacina solidula (Pfr., 1840) C PC - PC Bp Orthalicidae Liguus fasciatus crenatus (Swainson, 1821) C AB - - - - AB Aa Sagdidae Lacteoluna selenina (Gould, 1839) N PC - PC Bp, Su Succineidae Succinea tenuis Gund., 1858 C-O PC - - - - CO Bp, Su Urocoptidae Macroceramus inermis Gund. in Pfr., 1858 O - - CO Aa Macroceramus jeannereti Gund. in Pfr., 1858 E - - CO Aa Macroceramus pictus Gund. in Pfr., 1858 10) - - CO - - - Aa Vitrinidae Hawaila minuscula (Binnei, 1840) N PC PC Bp, Su 166 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Species of terrestrial mollusks recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, during the rapid inventory of 27-28 September 2002 by David Maceira F., and from the literature Apéndice /Appendix 4 Moluscos Terrestres/ Terrestrial Mollusks LEYENDA/ LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism C-0 = Endémico Centro-Oriental/ Endemic to Central-Eastern Cuba Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba No endémico/ Nonendemic species Endémico local de Siboney- Jutici/Endemic to Siboney-Juticí Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Endemic to Eastern Cuba Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ Endemic to the Sierra Maestra Hábitats/Habitats BS = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Semideciduous microphyll forest CU = Cuevas/Caves MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland VC = Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation Abundancia (individuales observados por hora)/Abundance (individuals observed per hour) AB = co PC = Abundante/Abundant (9-20) Común/Common (5-8) Poco común/Uncommon (1-4) No visto en este hábitat/ Not seen in this habitat Microhábitat/Microhabitat Aa Bp Br Cu Ro Su Árboles y arbustos/ Trees and shrubs Bajo piedras/Under rocks En bromelias/In or on bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) Interior de cuevas/Within caves Rocas calizas y paredones/ On karstic limestone rocks and cliffs Suelo/On ground No registrada durante el inventario biológico rapido/ Not recorded during the rapid biological inventory CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 167 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Especies de arañas registradas en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, a partir de registros de literatura y de colectas antes y durante el inventario rápido del 27-28 de septiembre del 2002, por Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Endemismo/ Endemism Nombre científico/ Scientific name Anyphaenidae oot Hibana velox (Becker, 1879) co Macrophyes attenuata O. P. Cambridge, 1893 003 Wulfila immaculatus Banks, 1914 oo, Wulfila wunda Platnick, 1971 Araneidae cos Acanthepeira venusta (Banks, 1896) 006 Allocyclosa bifurca (McCook, 1887)* o07 Araneus faxoni Bryant, 1940 oos Argiope argentata (Fabr., 1775) oo9 Cyclosa caroli (Hentz, 1850) oro Cyclosa walckenaeri (O. P. Cambridge, 1889)* oir Gasteracantha cancriformis (L., 1767) or Larinía directa (Hentz, 1847)* o13 Mangora picta O. P. Cambridge, 1889 o14 Metazygia gregalis (O. P. Cambridge, 1889) ors Metazygia zilloides (Banks, 1898) = o16 Metepeira triangularis (Franganillo, 1930) € LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats C = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll forest la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ 10) = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 168 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Species of spiders recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, coming from Arañas/Spiders literature records and from collections before and during the rapid inventory, 27-28 September 2002, by Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz Hábitats/ Habitats Microhábitats/ Microhabitats 001 - - - ~ - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 002 - - - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 003 - - Registrada por Bryant (1940) para Siboney 004 - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 005 X X Aa Colectada durante el inventario cerca de la localidad de Sardinero y en la localidad de Jutici; registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra. Levi (1976) la plotea en un mapa dentro del macizo Sierra Maestra. 006 - - X X - X Aa Colectada durante el inventario en el cafion del rio Jutici, y en los alrededores de la estación ecológica 007 - Descrita por Bryant (1940) de la localidad Siboney; sólo se conoce de la localidad tipo 008 X - X Xx X X Aa, Vh Esta especie se puede encontrar en casi toda Cuba, aunque es mas abundante para la Region Oriental. Es una de las especies más abundantes dentro de la Reserva Ecológica. 009 X Aa Especie muy rara en la Reserva; durante el inventario se colectó un ejemplar hembra en la localidad de Juticí. Registrada para la Sierra Maestra por Franganillo (1930) por sinonimía con C. elongata Franganillo. IO - - X X X X Aa Especie de amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían | registros anteriores para el área de estudio. ort X - - - - X Aa Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba o12 X - - - - - Vh Colectada en las localidades de Sardinero y Jutici 013 - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra o14 - - - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra ors - - - - = — = Registrada por Levi (1995) para Siboney | 016 X Aa Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba a AA A A OS | Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ x = Especies encontradas por | arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sanchez-Ruiz antes y durante | of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el inventario rápido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la literatura para la Reserva/ Species found by A. Sánchez-Ruiz | Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ 5 E E Ba de y 0 el before and during the rapid Cc = ei corteza ng n ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in | poeta ee pal Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve | Bp == Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation A CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 169 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Especies de arañas registrada: a partir de registros de literal tura y de colectas ant 2002, por Alexander Sánchez-Ruiz ARAÑAS / SPIDERS s en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, es y durante el inventario rápido del 27-28 de septiembre tel jes of jiterature re Alexander sanchez-Ruiz spiders recorded in Siboney-Jutici Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba cords and from collections before and during the rapid inventory) 27.28 Apéndice/Appendix ‘3) Province, coming from September 2002, by Arafias/ Spiders 168 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO,10 A di Microhábi E Endemismo/ Hábitats/ Mi pee! Notas Nombre cientifico/ Endemicm Habitats icrohabitats Scientific name 3 cu MX UV vc vs BS Anyphaenidae = = = = = = Registrada cor Hibana velox (Becker, 1879) = e = = z 5 3 a El Por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra ~~. Macrophyes attenuata O. P. Cambridge, 1893 = oe = ae por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra = = = - = = = = = egistrada co: Wulfila immaculatus Banks, 1914 E) = = E a a por Bryant (1940) para Siboney vos Wulfila wunda Platnick, 1971 = ANE = egistrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Araneidae = = X ess Acanthepeira venusta (Banks, 1896) = y «(CX = Aa Colectada durante el inventario cerca de la localidad de Sardinero y en la localidad de Juticí; registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra. Levi (1976) la plotea en un mapa dentro del macizo Sierra Maestra. 7 z E = xX xX - xX Aa Colectada durante el inventario | cañ i i ~ Allocyclosa bifurca (McCook, 1887) oo to en el cañon del rio Juticí, y en los cos Allocy alrededores de la estación ecológica cor Araneus faxoni Bryant, 1940 L aS = = = = = = Descrita por Bryant (1940) de la localidad Siboney; sólo se conoce - de la localidad tipo cos Argiope argentata (Fabr., 1775) = aX = xX Xx X xX Aa, Vh Esta especie se puede encontrar en casi toda Cuba, aunque es más abundante para la Región Oriental. Es una de las especies más abundantes dentro de la Reserva Ecológica. 209 Cyclosa caroli (Hentz, 1850) = a X = = = - Aa Especie muy rara en la Reserva; durante el inventario se colectó un ejemplar hembra en la localidad de Juticí. Registrada para la Sierra Maestra por Franganillo (1930) por sinonimía con C. elongata Franganillo. cro Cyclosa walckenaeri (O. P. Cambridge, 1889)* > > = x xX xX x Aa Especie de amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían registros anteriores para el área de estudio. om Gasteracantha cancriformis (L., 1767) = am X = = - - xX Aa Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba or Larinia directa (Hentz, 1847)* = mK = = - - - Vh Colectada en las localidades de Sardinero y Juticí o1 Mangora picta O. P. Cambridge, 1889 = E = - - = = - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra o14 Metazygia gregalis (O. P. Cambridge, 1889) = ME = - - = = - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra ors _Metazygia zilloides (Banks, 1898) = SEAS = - - = = - Registrada por Levi (1995) para Siboney o16 Metepeira triangularis (Franganillo, 1930) Cc ok - = = = = Aa Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Habitats/ Habitats Microhábitats/Microhabitats C = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo a = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ E = Especies encontradas por Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y DE 'ápido y no registradas L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll forest Of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ > ean ene la localidad ee endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves cane found by A. Sanchez-Ruiz (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ before and during the rapid (0) = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Bo = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland Under tree bark Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Ss = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation ABRIL/APRIL 2005 169 CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo/ Endemism om Micrathena banksi Levi, 1985 Barychelidae o18 Trichopelma corozali (Petrunkevitch, 1929) org Trichopelma cubanum (Simon, 1903) Caponiidae o20 Nops guanabacoae MacLeay, 1839 o21 Nops siboney Sánchez-Ruiz, 2004 Corinnidae o22 Creugas gulosus Thorell, 1878 023 Trachelas inclinatus Platnick € Shadad, 1974* Ctenidae o24 Ctenus excavatus O. P. Cambridge, 1900 o25 Ctenus vernalis Bryant, 1940 Deinopidae 026 Deinopis lamia MacLeay, 1839* Filistatidae 027 Filistatoides insignis (O. P. Cambridge, 1896) LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism E = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba i = Endémico local (conocido sólo de la localidad tipo)/Local endemic (known only from the type locality) O = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Endemic to Eastern Cuba S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ Endemic to the Sierra Maestra BS VS Habitats/ Habitats = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/Semideciduous microphyll forest = Cuevas/Caves = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 170 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Hábitats/ Habitats Microhábitats/ Microhabitats 017 X Aa Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba o18 Xx - - - - x Bp Registrada por Franganillo (1936) y Alayón (1994) de la Sierra Maestra 019 X - Bp Registrada por Franganillo (1936) y Alayón (1994) de la Sierra Maestra 020 = = = X - X Bp Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba 021 = - - X ~ - Bp Especie colectada en tres localidades de la costa suroriental de Cuba. Descrita para la Reserva por Sánchez-Ruiz (2004). 022 = = = = - - - Alayón (1994) registra para toda la Sierra Maestra a Corinna abnormis Petrunkevitch, 1930, y Corinna gracilipes (Keyserling, 1887), los cuales son sinónimos de Creugas gulosus Thorell, 1878. 023 X - - - - - Vh Colectada durante el inventario cerca de la localidad de Jutici. Conocida anteriormente sólo de la localidad tipo en La Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba (Platnick y Shadad 1974). 024 - - - - - - Sh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra | 025 X - - X - X Bp, Sh Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba 026 X - Vh Amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían | | registros anteriores para el área de estudio. Nuevo registro para la Reserva. J | 027 = = - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ iS = Especies encontradas por arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el inventario rápido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la literatura para la Reserva/ Species found by A. Sanchez-Ruiz Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ e , : a before and during the rapid Be = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter TS inventory and not recorded in al Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 1/71 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS ; Hábitats/ Microhábitats/ Notas Endemismo ; Microhabitats Nombre científico/ Endemism Habitats Scientific name ME | 06 cu MX UV ve vs - Fi 2 = - - = Aa Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba oxy Micrathena banksi Levi, 1985 Barychelidae = me x = = = = Xx Bp Registrada por Franganillo (1936) y Alayón (1994) de la s Trichopelma corozali (Petrunkevitch, 1929) Sierra Maestra ors - mi = = = - - Bp Registrada por Franganillo (1936) y Alayón (1994) de la um (Simon, lerra Maestra o19 Trichopelma cubanum (S 1903) Sierra Maest TO E E = x - xX Bp Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba - 1839 E = oo Nops guanabacoae MacLeay, 5 rs - = = x > = Bp Especie colectada en tres localidades de la costa suroriental ez: Nops siboney Sánchez-Ruiz, 2004 de Cuba. Descrita para la Reserva por Sánchez-Ruiz (2004). Corinnidae A EE = - - = = - Alayón (1994) registra para toda la Sierra Maestra a os Creugas gulosus Thorell, 1878 Corinna abnormis Petrunkevitch, 1930, y Corinna gracilipes (Keyserling, 1887), los cuales son sinónimos de Creugas gulosus Thorell, 1878. 974% Ss ay - - - = = Vh Colectada durante el inventario cerca de la localidad de Juticí. om Trachelas inclinatus Platnick & Shadad, 1 Conocida anteriormente sólo de la localidad tipo en La Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba (Platnick y Shadad 1974). ctenicos dge, 1900 = E = = = = = Sh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 2. Cambridge, : : o Ctenus excavatus O. P. an = c oi = = X = X Bp, Sh Ampliamente distribuida en toda Cuba ozs; Ctenus vernalis Bryant, Deinopidae = C 6 X = = = = = Vh Amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían ox« Deinopis lamia MacLeay, 1839 registros anteriores para el área de estudio. Nuevo registro para la Reserva. Filistatidae GG eo = > i = = = 2 2 E Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra o27 Filistatoides insignis (O. P. ñ LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats Microhábitats/Microhabitats (e = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Aa =En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ x = Especies encontradas oe y Cub: micrófilo/Semideciduous arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures iN: SEI UR E25) GET Endemic to Cuba ias: of trees or shrubs / el inventario rápido y no registradas L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de 2 a Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas por la literatura para la Reserva/ (ratio losaifendemic CU = Cuevas/Caves 2 = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves Species found by A. Sánchez-Ruiz (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ Under Agave plants Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca/ before and during the rapid 0 A rncdéenicoldelcupatOrentall Xeromorphic scrub 8c = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland Under tree bark Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa 8p = Bajo piedras/ Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 171 170 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Endemismo/ Endemism Nombre científico/ Scientific name _ _z— > €. e €É€É€Ge o €£É€É€É€É€É€Q€_ o o OO eE OS o28 Kukulkania hibernalis (Hentz, 1842)* = Gnaphosidae 030 Gnaphosa sp.* x Hahniidae 031 Hahnia sp.* = Linyphiidae o32 Florinda coccinea (Hentz, 1850) - Lycosidae o33 Arctosa fusca (Keyserling, 1876) = 034 Lycosa isolata Bryant, 1940 - Mimetidae 035 Mimetus sp.* = Miturgidae 036 Strotarchus nebulosus Simon, 1888 = Oecobiidae 037. Oecobius concinnus Simon, 1893* - Oonopidae 038 Oonopoides pilosus Dumitresco € Georgesco, 1983 S (AA LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats lez = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll forest la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ 0 = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex Endemic to the Sierra Maestra VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 172 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Hábitats/ Habitats 028 - X X X X X Aa, Ch Amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían registros anteriores para el area de estudio. Registrada por Alayo (1957) para los alrededores de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba. 030 X - - - - X Bp Colectada en la tercera terraza (en una dolina) cerca de la estación ecológica 031 - - X - - - Aa Esta familia fue registrada recientemente para Cuba por Ávila (2000) de Sierra Cristal. Se encontró en la Reserva un ejemplar juvenil en el buche de una golondrina, y tres hembras adultas cerca de la estación ecológica. 032 - - - X - - Vh Registrada por Bryant (1940) para Siboney 033 X X Bp, Sh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 034 - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 035 X - - - ~ - Bc La especie no he podido identificarla. Colectada en Juticí. | 036 - - - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 037 - - X - - X Ch Colectada en la estación ecológica de Siboney 038 - X - - - - Cu Registrada para Siboney, Cueva de la Cantera (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983), y para GRANMA, Pilón, Cueva Bariay (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). Esta última es la localidad tipo de la especie. Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ E = Especies encontradas por arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el inventario rápido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la ieratra pata ta Reserva Species found by A. Sanchez-Ruiz Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ d : ‘ a before and during the rapid Be = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter E Und a inventory and not recorded in nger tree ar Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 173 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Hábitats/ Microhábitats/ Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ‘ Endemismo/ Habitats Microhabitats ms Nombre cientifico/ Endemism al Scientific name | as | cu [mx [uv | ve | vs z Xx Xx x Xx x Aa, Ch TE : - 1842)" = ES mplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían es Kukulkania hibernalis (Hentz, registros anteriores para el área de estudio. Registrada por Alayo (1957) para los alrededores de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba. - a - - = xX B Gnaphosidae = a X Pp Colectada en la tercera terraza (en una dolina) cerca de la estación oso Gnaphosa sp.* ecológica e > X = = E Hahniidae - 5 = Aa ae familia fue registrada recientemente para Cuba por Avila os Hahnia sp. (2000) de Sierra Cristal. Se encontró en la Reserva un ejemplar Juvenil en el buche de una golondrina, y tres hembras adultas cerca de la estación ecológica. Linyphiidae 3 .- - - x = = Vh Registrada por Bryant (1940) para Siboney os Florinda coccinea (Hentz, 1850) Lycosidae : aa = EX za = - - Xx Bp, Sh Registrada por Alayén (1994) Para la Sierra Maestra Keyserling, = 033 Arctosa fusca (Key: 8 = = - = - = = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra os1 Lycosa isolata Bryant, 1940 Mimetidae > e E = = - - = Bc La especie no he podido identificarla. Colectada en Juticí. o35 Mimetus sp.* itureidae Miturgida - = a = - - > = - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 36 Strotarchus nebulosus Simon, 1888 cobiidae Oe 3 = ns = x - - x Ch Colectada en la estación ecológica de Siboney o37 Oecobius concinnus Simon, 1893 Oonopidae : y. - X - - - - Cu Registrada para Siboney, Cueva de la Cantera (Dumitresco y esco & Georgesco, 1983 S 1 é xs Campos peo Da 6 Georgesco 1983), y para GRANMA, Pilón, Cueva Bariay (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). Esta última es la localidad tipo de la especie. LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats Microhábitats/Microhabitats G = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ : = Especies encontradas por Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante f L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll}forest of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el ea rapido ee es la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves ae a PR se Ruiz pecies found by A. | (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ 7 Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ dad O = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub C= Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in Eremeto Esa Cita UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland Under tree bark Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Ss = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 172 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 173 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Endemismo/ Endemism Nombre científico/ Scientific name .— _Q_> ____ =»5 LL _ € _€ — __ _ _€£€£É€É€*_m —— =__ o _É€ prrrRrrnpopRJ]r]hoQoQRootbL O 00000 OS 039 Oonops cubanus Dumitresco & Georgesco, 1983* 0 ogo Oonops minutus Dumitresco & Georgesco, 1983 L o41 Stenoonops hoffi Chickering, 1969 - Oxyopidae os2 Hamataliwa rana (Simon, 1897) - o43 Peucetía viridans (Hentz, 1832) - Pholcidae o44 Bryantina sp.* S o45 Modisimus pavidus Bryant, 1940 S 046 Modisimus sp.* - o47 Physocyclus globosus (Taczanowski, 1873) = Salticidae 048 Corythalia cubana (Roewer, 1951) C 049 Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) - oso Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas, 1833) - LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats C = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll forest la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ (0) = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC Endemic to the Sierra Maestra Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 174 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Hábitats/ Microhábitats/ Habitats Microhabitats BS cu MX UV VC VS 039 X Bp, Sh La localidad tipo es alrededores de la Ciudad de Santiago de Cuba (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). Registrada por Alayón (2000) de la provincia de Guantánamo. Nuevo registro para los alrededores de la estación ecológica de Siboney. 040 - = = = - X Cu La especie es conocida sólo de la localidad tipo: Cueva de las Golondrinas en Siboney (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). o4r = - - - - X Cu, Sh Registrada para Siboney: dolina enfrente de la Cueva de la Cantera y vestíbulo de la Cueva de la Virgen (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). Esta especie fue descrita de Jamaica y solamente ha sido registrada en Cuba de estos puntos dentro de la Reserva. Colectados tres ejemplares durante el inventario rápido. 042 - - - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 043 - - - - - X Vh Ampliamente distribuida en Cuba _| 044 X Sh Género endémico de Cuba. Aparentemente es B. incerta (Bryant 1940), pero se necesita colectar mas ejemplares para estar seguro. 045 - - - X - X Vh Registrada por Alayón (2000) de los alrededores de Santiago de Cuba. Al parecer distribuida en toda la ladera sur de la Sierra Maestra. 246 - - - - - X Vh La especie aun no he podido identificarla. 047 - X X X X X Bp, Ch, Vh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en todo el país 048 - - - Alayón (1994) registra para toda la Sierra Maestra a Corythalia parvula (Banks, 1909), actualmente sinónimo de Corythalia cubana (Roewer, 1951). 049 X - X X - X Aa, Ch Especie sinantrópica muy abundante en toda Cuba. Sin embargo, no había sido registrada para la Reserva ni sus alrededores. oso - = - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ z = Especies encontradas por arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el cid rápido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la literatura para la Reserva/ Species found by A. Sánchez-R Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ aid i ' y roy : : before and during the rapid Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter ; Under bil inventory and not recorded in O Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 175 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Hábitats/ Microhábitats/ Notas Endemismo/ Habitats Microhabitats A i Endemism Nombre cientifico/ a Es e OY Ve vs Scientific name a 8 = : $ = = = X Bp, Sh E localidad tipo es alrededores de la Ciudad de Santiago de * (o) a9 uba (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). Registrad sco, 1983 Elstrada por Alayón Conops cubanus Dumitresco & George (2000) de la provincia de Guantánamo. Nuevo registro para los 039 alrededores de la estación ecológica de Siboney. A es - = = x Cu La especie es Conocida sólo de la localidad tipo: Cueva de las G esco, 1983 L Cy Golondrinas en Siboney (Dumitresco y Georgesco 1983). . COT; , oso Oonops minutus Dumitresco & el = = 2 = - x Cu, Sh Registrada para Siboney: dolina enfrente de la Cueva de la Cantera = oy y vestíbulo de la Cueva de la Virgen (Dumitresco y Georgesco Stenoonops hoffi Chickering, 1969 1983). Esta especie fue descrita de Jamaica y solamente ha sido 041 registrada en Cuba de estos puntos dentro de la Reserva. Colectados tres ejemplares durante el Inventario rápido. E = y ae = - ~ Registrada por Alayón (1994) Para la Sierra Maestra Oxyopidae 5 = E a a = = xX Vh Ampliamente distribuida en Cuba os Hamataliwa rana (Simon, 1897) E A Hentz, 1832) - vs, Peucetia viridans ( = = 2 = = = Sh Género endémico de Cuba. Aparentemente es B. incerta (Bryant Pholcidae S e 1940), pero se necesita colectar más ejemplares para estar seguro. os Bryantina sp.* E = S Xx = Xx Vh Registrada por Alayón (2000) de los alrededores de Santiago de Ss + Cuba. Al parecer distribuida en toda la ladera sur de la Sierra cas Modisimus pavidus Bryant, 1940 Maestra. = = = = - Vh La especie aún no he podido identificarla. za - E xX xX Xx x Bp, Ch, Vh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en todo el país 046 Modisimus sp.* 873) = an lobosus (Taczanowski, an EOS E 5 = = = - - Alayón (1994) registra para toda la Sierra Maestra a Corythalia Salticidae Cc sE parvula (Banks, 1909), actualmente sinónimo de Corythalia os Corythalia cubana (Roewer, 1951) cubana (Roewer, 1951). ay X - x Xx - Xx Aa, Ch Especie sinantrópica muy abundante en toda Cuba, Sin embargo, 1831) Ñ no había sido registrada para la Reserva ni sus alrededores. on Mata MERE OWEN = = = - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra fo = - - oso Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas, 1833) > Microhábitats/Microhabitats E itats/Habitats * ES LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Habita anette Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ = ae Rue eae BS EESgIOSO Buildings, other human structures . Sánchez-Ruiz / / branches ulldings, ol © Sleantee aes micrófilo/Semideciduous ao Ear a j el inventario rápido y no registradas Endemic to Cuba microphyll forest Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas, por la literatura para la Reserva/ L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de CU = Cuevas/Caves Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves Species found by A. Sánchez-Ruiz la localidad tipo)/Local endemic = a Under Agave plants Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca/ before and during the rapid (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorra fs Hts Be = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in lf Q = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ poe aan Under tree bark Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral El na Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa asi Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa roco: Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 174 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 175 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Endemismo/ Endemism Nombre científico/ Scientific name ost Pelegrina proxima Peckham € Peckham, 1901* os2 Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1844) os3 Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz, 1845) os4 Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, 1846* oss Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1827) ose Pselcis latifasciata Simon, 1877 Scytodidae os7 Scytodes cubensis Alayón, 1977 E oss Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 os9 Scytodes longipes Lucas, 1844 Segestriidae o6 Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch, 1926* Selenopidae o61 Selenops insularis Keyserling, 1882 062 Selenops siboney Alayón, 2004 063 Selenops submaculosus Bryant, 1940 LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats (e = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll forest la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ O = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC Endemic to the Sierra Maestra Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 176 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Hábitats/ Habitats Microhábitats/ Microhabitats ost X - = = - X Sh Género endémico de Cuba. No habia sido registrada para la Reserva ni sus alrededores. Fue localizada cerca de Sardinero durante el inventario rapido. 052 - - X X - X Aa, Bc Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra; es muy abundante en toda la Región Oriental. Colectada en los alrededores de la estación ecológica. 053 - - - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 054 = - - X - X Aa, Bc Especie muy abundante en la Región Oriental. Sin embargo, no había sido registrada para la Reserva ni sus alrededores. Fue localizada en Sardinero durante el inventario rápido. 055 - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 056 - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 057 X - - X - X Bp, Sh Registrada por Alayón (1977) para Siboney: Cueva de los Majáes. Especie distribuida en casi todo el pais. 058 X X - X ~ X Aa, Ch, Vh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba 059 - - X X - X Aa Especie sinantrópica ampliamente distribuida por todo el pais. Registrada por Bryant (1940) de toda Cuba. 060 - - ~ X - X Bc Registrada de pocas localidades en Cuba, colectados varios juveniles en la Reserva Ecológica 061 X - - - - - Bp Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra | 062 X - - X - X Bc Especie conocida solo de la localidad tipo en los alrededores de la | estación ecológica de la Reserva 063 - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ is = Especies encontradas por arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el Inventario rápido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la literatura para la Reserva/ Species found by A. Sánchez-Ruiz Under Agave plants Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca/ , dl , Ñ d before and during the rapid Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter a ba inventory and not recorded in O Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 17/7 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Nombre científico/ Endemismo/ Endemism Scientific name Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Apéndice/Appendix Is) Arañas/Spiders Notas Secondary vegetation RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Sh Género e A : Reena su ate o BSR a + Tue localizada cerca de S; Pelegrina proxima Peckham & Peckham, 1901 a Ed AS ost x ; a = xX xX Aa, Bc Registrada Por Alayón (1994) Para la Sierra Maestra; es muy abundante en toda la Region Oriental. Colectada en los alred 4 alrededores Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1844) de la estación ecológica. os2 a = oe E - = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra : aa = a = = x xX Aa, Bc Especie muy abundante en la Región Oriental. Sin embargo, os Phidippus cardinalis E = . no había sido registrada para la Reserva ni sus alrededores ass Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, Fue localizada en Sardinero durante el inventario rápido. > = = = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra - = = E = = - - Registrada por Alayón (1994 ass Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1827) 2 at El pl yon (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 1877 E Icis latifasciata Simon, s6 Esa EN 3 = x xX Bp, Sh Registrada Por Alay6n (1977) para Siboney: Cueva de los Majáes. Scytodidae OT c Especie distribuida en casi todo el Pais. is Alayon, os7 Scytodes cubensis Alay x X = X Aa, Ch, Vh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba = E = 5% xX Aa Especie sinantrópica ampliamente distribuida por todo el al Walckenaer, 1837 p país. oss Scytodes fusca Wal = a Registrada por Bryant (1940) de toda Cuba. oss Scytodes longipes Lucas, 1844 = ao 2 = xX xX Bc Registrada de pocas localidades en Cuba, colectados varios Segestriidae A » 5 1926* juveniles en la Reserva Ecológica oso Ariadna arthuri Petrunkevitch, = E = = - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Selenopidae z pr NM Bp gl p y ) pi os: Selenops insularis Keyserling, 1882 L a =X - = xX x Bc Especie conocida sólo de la localidad tipo en los alrededores de la 2004 estación ecológica de la Reserva os: Selenops siboney Alayón, Hy - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra os Selenops submaculosus Bryant, 1940 ñ A Mi Al A e i demism Hábitats/Habitats Icrohábitats/Microhabitats A iceyiyC Stay BS = Bosque semideciduo fa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ : = Especies encontradas por c = USTs micrófilo/Semideciduous arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y da) de i} tario rápido y no registradas Endenicito E E OCIO microphyl! forest of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ aid tbe = Endémico local (conoci Bates It es tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves ie Plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves Species foundiby A. Sanchez-Rulz (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ nder Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ before and during the rapid de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Be = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in = Endémico de Cul + dae to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland : Under tree bark Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve P =8B S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa Af ajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa roco: Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 177 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Endemismo/ Endemism Sicariidae o64 Loxosceles caribbaea Gertsch, 1958* o6s; Loxosceles cubana Gertsch, 1958* Sparassidae 066 Heteropoda venatoria (L., 1767)* Tetrablemmidae 067 Caraimatta cambridgei (Bryant, 1940) Tetragnathidae 068 Alcimosphenus licinus Simon, 1895* o69 Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer, 1841) ozo Leucauge pinarensis (Franganillo, 1930) C o71 Tetragnatha extensa (L., 1758) = 072 Jetragnatha sp.* i Theraphosidae 073 Citharacanthus spinicrus (Latreille, 1819)* - 074 Cyrtopholis sp.* = . Theridiidae 075 Anelosimus jucundus (O. P. Cambridge, 1896) = LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats (o; = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous EE = Endémico local (conocido sólo de microphyll forest la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ O = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 178 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Hábitats/ Microhábitats/ Habitats Microhabitats 064 - X Cu Sólo se ha colectado en pocas localidades de la Región Oriental de Cuba. Nuevo registro para la Reserva Ecológica, colectada en la Cueva de los Majáes. 065 - - X X - - Ba, Cu Amplia distribución en toda Cuba; sin embargo, son pocas las localidades precisas registradas en la literatura. Nuevo registro para la Reserva, colectada en Cueva de la Virgen y Cueva de las Golondrinas, en la Reserva. 066 - - - - - X Ch, Sh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, no existían registros anteriores para el área de estudio. 067 - X Aa Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 068 X Aa Colectada en la primera terraza (dolina) cerca de la estación ecológica en la Reserva 069 X - X X - X Aa, Vh Especie de amplia distribución en Cuba 070 X - - - - X Aa, Vh Franganillo (1936) menciona que es abundante en toda Cuba. 971 X Aa, Vh Registrada por Alayon (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 072 X - - Aa Colectada en el cafion del rio Jutici. No he podido identificar la especie. 073 X - - X X X Ba, Bp Amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, son pocas las localidades precisas registradas en la literatura. La considero un nuevo registro para la Reserva. 974 X - - - - X Bp, Sh No he podido determinar la especie pero es muy abundante en la Reserva. 975 X - - Aa Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra SS A A A A A AO A A A | Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ he = Especies encontradas por arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el Inventario rápido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la literatura para la Reserva/ Species found by A. Sánchez-Ruiz Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ y E ; p 4 before and during the rapid Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter ; F Und nor inventory and not recorded in pee ee eal Vh = Vegetación herbacea/ the literature for the Reserve Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 179 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Hábitats! Microhabitats/ Notas Endemismo/ Habitats Microhabitats Nombre cientifico/ Endemism Scientific name aA es | cu MX UV ve WS = = = = Cu Sólo s Sicariidae Seal = > * de Cuba, Muero rene Dara la Rese sl Región Oriental ertsch, 1 E Para la Reserva Ecológi os, Loxosceles caribbaea G en la Cueva de los Majaes ógica, colectada xX - = Ba, Cu ibuci — = X pl e eución en toda Cuba; sin embargo, son pocas las = E i il Loxosceles cubana Gertsch, 1958* ades precisas registradas en la literatura. Nuevo registro U5 Para la Reserva, colectada en Cueva de la Virgen y Cueva de las Golondrinas, en la Reserva. Sparassidae E = - = 3 = x Ch, Sh Especie sinantrópica de amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, oss Heteropoda venatoria (L., 1767)* nO existían registros anteriores para el área de estudio. Tetrablemmidae - E = = = = x Aa Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 067 Caraimatta cambridgei (Bryant, 1940) Tetragnathidae 3 5 a = = = = Aa Colectada en la primera terraza (dolina) cerca de la estación ess Alcimosphenus licinus Simon, 1895* ecológica en la Reserva = me 3 xX x - X Aa, Vh Especie de amplia distribución en Cuba o6y Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer, 1841) = Tr = = = - x Aa, Vh Franganillo (1936) menciona que es abundante en toda Cuba. eye Leucauge pinarensis (Franganillo, 1930) = =a = z = = = Aa, Vh Registrada por Alayén (1994) para la Sierra Maestra on Tetragnatha extensa (L., 1758) = X = - - - - Aa Colectada en el cañon del río Juticí. No he podido identificar la o7: Tetragnatha sp.* especie. Theraphosidae - 7 = TO = - xX Xx xX Ba, Bp Amplia distribución en Cuba; sin embargo, son pocas las 73 Citharacanthus spinicrus (Latreille, 1819) localidades precisas registradas en la literatura. La considero un nuevo registro para la Reserva. 3 am X - =- - - X Bp, Sh No he podido determinar la especie pero es muy abundante e7a Cyrtopholis sp.* en la Reserva. heridligae dus (O. P. Cambridge, 1896) = my Xx = = = = = Aa Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Anelosimus jucundus (O. P. Ca , 075 LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats Microhábitats/Microhabitats (o = Endémico de Cuba/ BS = Bosque semideciduo Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ ¡7 = Especies encontradas por x Endemic to Cuba micrófilo/Semideciduous arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante t of tree: hi el inventario rápido y no registradas L_ = Endémico local (conocido sólo de MES a eae pubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ ae era Sa la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves = ieee e Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves Species found by/A. Sénchez:Rutz (known only from the type locality) yx = Matorral xeromorfo/ e Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ before and during the rapid O = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Xeromorphic scrub = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in Endemic to Eastern Cuba UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland ñ Under tree bark Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa P= Bajo Piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 178 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 179 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Nombre científico/ Scientific name 076 Argyrodes americanus (Taczanowski, 1874) 077 Argyrodes elevatus Taczanowski, 1873 Endemismo/ Endemism 078 Argyrodes globosus Keyserling, 1884 o79 Coleosoma floridanum Banks, 1900 ogo Episinus gratiosus Bryant, 1940 og1 Keijia adamsoni Berland, 1934 o82 Nesticodes rufipes (Lucas, 1846) 083 Theridion castaneum Franganillo, 1931 o84 Theridion dilucidum Simon, 1897 o8s5 Theridion evexum Keyserling, 1884 086 Thymoites guanicae (Petrunkevitch, 1930) 087 Tidarren sisyphoides (Walckenaer, 1841) Thomisidae oss Parastephanops sp.* os) Xysticus laticeps Bryant, 1933 Uloboridae oy Philoponella semiplumosa (Simon, 1893) oyg1 Zosis geniculatus (Olivier, 1789) LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism C = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de la localidad tipo)/Local endemic (known only from the type locality) 10) = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Endemic to Eastern Cuba S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ Endemic to the Sierra Maestra BS VS Habitats / Habitats if Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/Semideciduous microphyll forest Cuevas/Caves Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub Uveral/Sea-grape woodland Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation 180 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Hábitats/ Habitats Microhábitats/ Microhabitats 076 - = = = = - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 077 - - - - — - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 078 X = = - - X Vh Abundante en toda la Reserva Ecológica 079 - - - - - X Bp Registrada por Armas y Alayón (1984) para Cueva de la Virgen, en la Reserva Ecológica 080 = = E - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra. 081 - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 082 - - - - - 7 Vh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 083 - - - - - - - Registrada por Alayón (2000) para la Sierra Maestra 084 > - Registrada por Gruia (1983) para Siboney 085 - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 086 - - - - - X Aa Registrada por Gruia (1983) para Siboney _ 087 - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 088 - = - - - X Vh Identificación dudosa 089 - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 090 X - - - - X Vh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 991 = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra AAA q _ QQ Q _>_>»>»e Q _ QQ »>». o Q_»nQ « (Jo o yz »»pr oy pp .qu.quQ ÍEg Í q 0 gg K 5 IQ g q Í0Q Í QQ 5 0 q 00 gq 5 q Í q Í gg 0QP 5 qq CPE gg yg gg go PP Microhábitats/Microhabitats Aa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ * = Especies encontradas por arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sanchez-Ruiz antes y durante of trees or shrubs Cu = Suelo y paredes de cuevas/ el inventario rapido y no registradas Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Floor and walls of caves por la literatura para la Reserva/ Species found by A. Sanchez-Ruiz Under Agave plants Sh = Enel suelo o la hojarasca/ Ñ a before and during the rapid Bc = Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter : ; Und : inventory and not recorded in aa Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Bp = Bajo piedras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 181 Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders ARAÑAS / SPIDERS Hábitats/ Microhábitats/ Notas Apéndice/Appendix 5 Arañas/Spiders Secondary vegetation RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 a Endemismo/ ; Microhabi Nombre cientifico/ Endemicm Habitats tats Scientific name iy a Y es | cu = E = = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) i = = Para la Sierra Maestra Taczanowski, 1874) = E = Re = we Argyrodes americanus ( Se = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra nowski, z 7 e77 Argyrodes elevatus Tacza FE = 2 - Vh Abundante en toda la Reserva Ecológica HI ‘odes globosus Keyserling, 3 E = X 28 Argyrodes El ees = E Bp Registrada por Armas y Alayón (1984) para Cueva de la Virgen o79 Coleosoma floridanum Banks, en la Reserva Ecológica d = = = = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) = para la Sierra Maestra 3 isi Bryant, 1940 L agen ae ne 1934 = z = = = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) Para la Sierra Maestra rland, os: Keijia “one Fee 2 a 3 = - - = Vh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra os Nesticodes rufipes ñ = a 5 5 3 R ; = egistrada por Alayón (2000) para la Sierra Maestra ss Theridion castaneum Franganillo, 1931 Cc - = = = = 2 = ais is a dion dilucidum Simon, 1897 = 4 84 a EZ = ae E = - - - - Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra = a a ; aa 1930) = $ = — — xs Ba Registrada por Gruia (1983) para Siboney ol moites gu y 86 y a = i 2 = - - - = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra 87 Tidarren sisyphoides (Walckenaer, 1841) Thomisidae Parastephanops sp.* = we = = = = Xx Vh Identificación dudosa 088 le y = as = = = = = = Re oso Xysticus laticeps Bryant, 1933 » gistrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra Uloboridae oso Philoponella semiplumosa (Simon, 1893) = = X = = = = x Vh Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra e91 Zosis geniculatus (Olivier, 1789) = aURe= = = = = = = Registrada por Alayón (1994) para la Sierra Maestra LEYENDA/LEGEND Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats Microhábitats/Microhabitats C = Endémico de Cuba/ BS. = Bosque semideciduo fa = En hojas y ramas de árboles o Ch = Construcciones humanas/ * = Especies encontradas por Endemic to Cuba e arbustos/Leaves and branches Buildings, other human structures A. Sánchez-Ruiz antes y durante microphyll forest of ti istradas L = Endémico local (conocido sólo de rees or shrubs CoMerSceloly paredestietctievae/ el inventario rapido Hes : la localidad tipo)/Local endemic CU = Cuevas/Caves Ba = Bajo plantas de Agave sp./ Ficomanditellocneates por la literatura Ee en a (known only from the type locality) MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ Under Agave plants Sh = En el suelo o la hojarasca/ wae aa ee wae : = hic scrub es = efore and duril 9 da sae ee LSS os Bajo corteza de troncos/ On ground or leaf litter inventory and not recorded in A = a LEE ae UY > (Wveral i Searetapelyee B Rites park y Vh = Vegetación herbácea/ the literature for the Reserve Ss = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ VC = Vegetación de costa P= Bajo Pledras/Under rocks In or on herbaceous vegetation Endemic to the Sierra Maestra (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 181 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Otros Arácnidos/ Especies de escorpiones, amblipigios, esquizómidos, solpúgidos, ricinuleidos, y uropigios registrados Other Arachnids en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, 27-28 de septiembre del 2002, por Rolando Teruel OTROS ARÁCNIDOS / OTHER ARACHNIDS Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Endemismo/ Endemism Nombre científico/ Scientific name Hábitats y abundancia/ Abundance in habitats AMBLYPYGI Charinidae ie Charinus wanlessi (Quintero, 1983) S - Co - - - - Cu Phrynidae Paraphrynus robustus (Franganillo, 1930) 0 Ra Co Bc, Cu Phrynus damonidaensis Quintero, 1981 (E Co Co Co Co Co Co Ag, Bc, Bp, E RICINULEI Ricinoididae Pseudocellus paradoxus (Cooke, 1972) 10) - Co - SCHIZOMIDA Hubbardiidae Cubazomus orghidani (Dumitresco, 1973) L - Ra - Rowlandius sp. nov. L - Co Co SCORPIONES Buthidae Alayotityus delacruzi Armas, 1973 L Alayotityus juraguaensis Armas, 1973 S - Ra Ra Ra - - Bp, Cu (o; - - Ra - - Ra Bc, Br Centruroides gracilis (Latreille, 1804) > Ra Bp 10) - - Ra - Ra Ra Ag, Bc, Br Microtityus jaumei Armas, 1974 S Ra - Ra Ra - - Bp C Ra - Ra Ra Ra Ra Ag, Bc, Bp, Br Centruroides anchorellus Armas, 1976 Centruroides robertoi Armas, 1976 Rhopalurus junceus (Herbst, 1800) Diplocentridae Cazierius gundlachii (Karsch, 1880) 0 Co - Co Ra Co Co Ag, Bp SOLPUGIDA Ammotrechidae Ammotrechella sp. nov. S - - Ra Ra Ra Ra Bc, Bp Antillotrecha sp. nov. O - - Ra - - Ra Bp UROPYGI Telyphonidae Mastigoproctus sp. nov. L - Ra Ra Bp, Cu 182 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 6 Species of scorpions, amblypygids, schizomids, solpugids, ricinuleids, and uropygids recorded Otros Arácnidos/ in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, 27-28 September 2002, Other Arachnids by Rolando Teruel LEYENDA/ Endemismo/Endemism DO C = Endémico cubano/ Endemic to Cuba L = Endémico local de la Reserva/ Endemic to the Reserve O = Endémico de Cuba Oriental/ Endemic to Eastern Cuba S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ Endemic to the Sierra Maestra Habitats /Habitats BS = Bosque semideciduo microfilo/ Semideciduous microphyl! forest CU = Cuevas/Caves MX = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub UV Uveral/Sea-grape woodland VC = Vegetación de costa (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Coastal vegetation complex VS = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation Abundancia/Abundance CO = Común/Common (>5 ejemplares por muestreo/ >5 specimens per sample) Ra = Raro/Rare (<5 ejemplares por muestreo/ <5 specimens per sample) =- = No visto en este hábitat/ Not seen in this habitat Microhábitats/Microhabitats Ag = Plantas de Agave/Agave Plants Bc Bp Bajo cortezas/Under bark Bajo piedras/Under rocks Br = En bromelias/In or on bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) Cu = Interior de cuevas/Within caves CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 183 Apéndice /Appendix 7 Mariposas /Butterflies Especies de mariposas registradas en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, 27-28 de septiembre del 2002, por Jorge Luis Fontenla R./Species of butterflies recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, 27-28 September 2002, by Jorge Luis Fontenla R. MARIPOSAS / BUTTERFLIES Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre científico/ Scientific name Danaidae Pieridae Danaus glllippus Anteos clorinde Heliconiidae Anteos maerula Agraulis vanillae Ascia monuste Dryas ¡ulia Eurema daira Heliconius charitonius Eurema dina Hesperiidae Eurema elathea Burca braco Phoebis argante Gesta gesta Phoebis sennae Hylephila phylaeus Satyridae Panoquina corrupta Calisto herophile Panoquina sylvicola Polites baracoa Pyrgus oileus Urbanus dorantes Urbanus proteus Lycaenidae Hemiargus hanno Leptotes cassius Strymon limenia Nymphalidae Anaea cubana Anaea echemus Anartia jatrophae Eunica monima Hamadryas februa Junonia evarete Junonia genoveva Lucinia sida Papilionidae Battus devilliersi Heraclides andraemon Heraclides aristodemus Parides gundlachianus 184 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Especies de himenópteros registrados en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, a partir de las colectas durante el inventario rápido del 27-28 de septiembre del 2002, por Eduardo Portuondo y Jorge L. Fontenla R., y de la lista de Portuondo (2000)/Species of hymenopterans recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, compiled from collections during the rapid inventory of 27-28 September 2002, by Eduardo Portuondo and Jorge L. Fontenla R., and from the list of Portuondo (2000) HIMENÓPTEROS / HYMENOPTERANS Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Nombre científico/ Scientific name Apidae (abejas/bees) Apis mellifera L. - Augochlora sp. - Ceratina cockerelli Smith - Ceratina cyaniventris Cresson Halictus sp. = Lasioglossum sp. 1 - Lasioglossum sp. 2 - Lasioglossum sp. 3 - Melissodes sp. - Bethylidae (avispas/wasps) — Anisepyris aureus Kieffer - Anisepyris rufitarsis Kieffer = Anisepyris sp. = Apenesia cubensis Evans ES Dissomphalus sp. = Epyris sp. = Goniozus sp. - Holepyris gracilis Kieffer - Holepyris incertus (Ashmead) = Holepyris sp. = Braconidae (avispas/wasps) Chelonus sp. - Opius sp. = Chrysididae (avispas/wasps) Caenochrysis sp. = Chrysura sp. - | Hedrychrum sp. = Evaniidae (avispas/wasps) Hyptia poeyi (Guérin) = Formicidae (hormigas/ants) Atta insularis Guérin-Méneville - Brachymyrmex heeri Forel 7 Camponotus conspicuus Smith - Camponotus planatus Roger - Camponotus santosi Forel Camponotus sp. - Cardiocondyla emeryi Forel - Cardiocondyla venustula Wheeler - Ciphomyrmex minutus Mayr - Apéndice /Appendix 8 Himenópteros (abejas, avispas, y hormigas)/Hymenopterans (bees, wasps, and ants) CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 185 Apéndice/Appendix 8 Himenópteros (abejas, avispas, y hormigas)/ Hymenopterans (bees, wasps, and ants) HIMENÓPTEROS / HYMENOPTERANS Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Nombre científico/ Scientific name Crematogaster sanguinea Roger si/yes Dorymyrmex insanus (Buckley) = Forelius pruinosus (Roger) 5 | Hypoponera sp. - | Monomorium destructor (Jerdon) - Monomorium ebeninum Forel = | Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) - Monomorium pharaonis (L.) = Mycocepurus smithi Forel = Odontomachus insularis Guérin-Meneville - l- Odontomachus sp. = Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) - Pheidole flavens Roger - Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) al Pheidole sp. a Platythyrea punctata (Smith) = Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel) = Pseudomyrmex pazosi Santschi si/yes Solenopsis corticalis Forel - Solenopsis geminata (Fabr.) E Tapinoma litorale Wheeler - Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabr.) - Temnothoras mortoni (Aguayo) si/yes Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) - [ Trachymyrmex jamaicensis cubaensis = Wheeler Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) = Xenomyrmex floridanus Emery = Pompilidae (avispas/wasps) Ageniella salti Banks - Anoplius americanus (Dahlbom) - Anoplius insignis (Cresson) - Anoplius sp. rs Aporinellus medianus Banks - Aporus sp. E Auplopus bellus (Cresson) - Drepanoporus scollaris (Cresson) - Priocnemis macer (Cresson) m | Scelionidae (avispas/wasps) | Antheromorpha sp. - | 186 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 HIMENÓPTEROS/HYMENOPTERANS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Baryconus sp. Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba Calliscelio sp. Calotelea sp. Gryon sp. Idris sp. Paridris sp. Probaryconus sp. Scelio sp. 1 Scelio sp. 2 pa Telenomus sp. Trimorus sp. Género sin describir/Undescribed genus Sphecidae (avispas/wasps) Epinysson orientalis Cresson Liris sp. 1 Liris sp. 2 Nitela sp. Oxybelus analis Cresson Prionys thomae (Fabricius) Scelipron assimile (Dahlbom) Solierella sola Genaro & Portuondo Stigmus sp. Tachysphex alayoi Pulawski Tachysphex antillarum Pulawski Tachysphex apicalis Fox Tachysphex cubanus Pulawski Tachysphex dominicanus Pulawski Tachytes chrysopyga (Spinola) Tachytes tricinctus (Fabricius) Trypoxylum orientinum Richards | Trypoxylum subimpressum Smith Trypoxylum succinctum Cresson Vespidae (avispas/wasps) Eudynerus sp. Pachodynerus alayoi Bequaert Parancistrocerus bacu (Saussure) Parancistrocerus dejectus (Cresson) Polistes incertus Cresson Apéndice/Appendix 8 Himenópteros (abejas, avispas, y hormigas)/Hymenopterans (bees, wasps, and ants) CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 187 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Anfibios y Reptiles Terrestres/ Especies de anfibios y reptiles terrestres registrados en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles provincia de Santiago de Cuba, 27-28 de septiembre del 2002, o anteriormente, por Ansel Fong G. ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES TERRESTRES / AMPHIBIANS AND TERRESTRIAL REPTILES Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Endemismo/ Endemism Nombre científico/ Scientific name Hábitats y abundancia/ Abundance in habitats AMPHIBIA Bufonidae Bufo peltocephalus* C - - RA - RA - Su** Hylidae Osteopilus septentrionalis - RA - MR - - RA Aa, Br Leptodactylidae Eleutherodactylus etheridgei* E - - RA - MR - Su, Vb Eleutherodactylus ionthus* 0 AB - AB Aa, Br REPTILIA — Saurios/Saurians Gekkonidae Hemidactylus haitianus* - - - MR Ag Sphaerodactylus docimus S - - MR ? Sphaerodactylus notatus - RA - CO CO - - Su Sphaerodactylus sp. 1 S - - MR Ag Sphaerodactylus sp. 2* L RA - AB - CO - Ag, Su | Tarentola americana* - - CO CO Ag, Cu, Vb Iguanidae Anolis angusticeps - - - RA ~ - - Aa Anolis argenteolus* C - - AB AB AB = Aa Anolis homolechis* C AB - RA Aa, Su Anolis jubar* E - - AB AB AB - Aa, Su Anolis litoralis* 0 CO - CO Aa | Anolis porcatus* C - - CO - - - Aa Anolis sagrei* ~ - - - - - CO Aa, Su Anolis smallwoodi O RA - RA - - - Aa Cyclura nubila* - - - RA - - - Su Leiocephalus carinatus* - - - AB - AB - Su Leiocephalus macropus* C AB - AB - - - Su Teiidae Ameiva auberi* - AB - AB AB - - Su 188 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 9 Species of amphibians and terrestrial reptiles recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Anfibios y Reptiles Terrestres/ Santiago de Cuba Province, 27-28 September 2002, or previously, by Ansel Fong G. Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles ANFIBIOS Y REPTILES TERRESTRES / AMPHIBIANS AND TERRESTRIAL REPTILES Microhábitats/ Microhabitats Endemismo/ Endemism Hábitats y abundancia/ Abundance in habitats Nombre científico/ Scientific name BS cu MX UV VC VS REPTILIA - Ofidios/Ophidians Boidae Epicrates angulifer* C - CO - - - - Cu Colubridae Alsophis cantherigerus* - - - RA - RA - Aa, Su Antillophis andreae C - - RA - - - Su Tropidophiidae Tropidophis melanurus* C RA - RA - - - Aa, Su Typhlopidae Typhlops cf. biminiensis* - - - MR - - - Br Typhlops lumbricalis* - RA - RA - - - Su * Vistos en el inventario del 27-28 de septiembre del 2002/Observed during the rapid inventory, 27-28 September 2002 ** Larvas observadas en charcos/Tadpoles seen in ephemeral ponds A ——. -_ »m>r — > hh —€— o €Q o — ————— — — q => _ _ >> _ __Q_ e ]rrro y 5zpr5g gg qQ E Íg gq q 4 q gq q Íg ; ;ÓÓ OQ q 5 OP 5D 5 E E E uo uo o LEYENDA/ Endemismo/Endemism Hábitats/Habitats Microhábitats/Microhabitats NO C = Endémico cubano/ BS = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Aa = Árboles y arbustos/ Endemic to Cuba Semideciduous microphyll forest Trees and shrubs O = Endémico de Cuba CU = Cuevas/Caves Ag = Agaves/Agave plants Oriental /Endemic to Eastern Cuba yx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Br = En bromelias/In or on bromeliads S = Endémico de la Sierra Maestra/ Xeromorphic scrub (Bromeliaceae) Endemic to the Sierra Maestra UV = Uveral/Sea-grape woodland Cu = Interior de cuevas/ ES EneAales local (vive en lei VC = Vegetación de costa Within caves aisladas de la costa suroriental)/ (Complejo de costa rocosa)/ Su = Suelo/On ground e E ; Local endemic (living in isolated Coastal vegetation complex bre Ms Stción baja? localities of the southeastern coast) VS = Vegetación secundaria/ In or on low vegetation Secondary vegetation ? = Microhábitat no conocido/ Microhabitat unknown Abundancia (individuales observados por hombre-hora)/Abundance (individuals observed per person-hour) AB = Abundante/Abundant (21 ind/h-h) CO = Común/Common (0.67-0.99 ind/h-h) RA = Raro/Rare (0.34-0.66 ind/h-h) MR = Muy raro/Very rare (<0.33 ind/h-h) i No visto en este habitat/ Not seen in this habitat CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 189 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Aves/Birds Especies de aves reportadas en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, 27-28 de septiembre del 2002, por Luis O. Melián H., Douglas F. Stotz, Debra K. Moskovits, y Freddy Rodríguez Santana. Información adicional de inventarios entre 1979 y 2004 por Luis O. Melián H. y Freddy Rodríguez Santana. AVES / BIRDS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común Common name Podicipedidae | Tachybaptus dominicus Zaramagullón Chico Least Grebe Fregatidae Fregata magnificens Rabihorcado Magnificent Frigatebird Ardeidae Ardea herodias Great Blue Heron Little Blue Heron Cattle Egret Yellow-crowned Garcilote Egretta caerulea Garza Azul Garcita Bueyera Guanabá Real Bubulcus ¡bis Nyctanassa violacea Night-Heron Cathartidae Cathartes aura Aura Tiñosa Turkey Vulture Accipitridae Pandion haliaetus Guincho Osprey Swallow-tailed Kite Red-tailed Hawk Elanoides forficatus Gavilan Cola de Tijera Buteo jamaicensis Gavilan de Monte Falconidae Falco sparverius Cernicalo American Kestrel Falco columbarius Halconcito de Palomas Merlin Aramidae Aramus guarauna Guareao Limpkin Charadriidae Charadrius vociferus Titere Sabanero Killdeer Scolopacidae Solitary Sandpiper Spotted Sandpiper Zarapico Solitario Zarapico Manchado Tringa solitaria Actitis macularia Columbidae White-crowned Pigeon White-winged Dove Columba leucocephala Torcaza Cabeciblanca Paloma Aliblanca Guanaro Zenaida asiatica Zenaida aurita Zenaida Dove Zenaida macroura Paloma Rabiche Mourning Dove Columbina passerina Tojosa Common Ground-Dove Cuculidae Coccyzus americanus Primavera Yellow-billed Cuckoo Saurothera merlini Arriero Great Lizard-Cuckoo Crotophaga ani Judío Smooth-billed Ani Tytonidae Tyto alba Lechuza Barn Owl Strigidae Glaucidium Siju Sijú Platanero Cuban Pygmy-Owl 190 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Bird species recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, Aves/Birds 27-28 September 2002, by Luis O. Melián H., Douglas F. Stotz, Debra K. Moskovits, and Freddy Rodríguez Santana. Additional information from inventories 1979-2004 by Luis O. Melián H. and Freddy Rodríguez Santana. Registrado/ Abundancia/ Hábitats Residencia/ Registered Abundance Habitats Residence status i R Ri RP = LEYENDA/LEGEND si R Oc RP Registrado/Registered si = Registrado en el inventario ie R Ma. Ri RP rapido, 27-28 de septiembre : ae del 2002/Registered during si Ú Ma, Ri RP the rapid inventory, SÍ Cc Aa, Ma, Ri RP 27-28 September 2002 - R Ma, Mx, Pl RP Abundancia/Abundance E = Común/Common SÍ E So RP U = No común/Uncommon R = Raro/Rare al € Oc, So OU Hábitats/Habitats se R So TR Aa = Areas abiertas/Open areas E U So RP Bs = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Semideciduous microphyl! si C Aa, Mx RP forest SÍ R So RP, TR Cu = Cuevas/Caves Ma = Manglar/Mangroves E R Mx, Ri RP Mx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub SÍ U ha RP Oc = Océano/Ocean Pl = Playas/Beach si R PI, Ri RI, TR gees Seine E Cc Pl, Ri RI, TR So = Soblevelandey Flying overhead Vs = Vegetación secundaria/ im R Mx RP Secondary vegetation si E Aa, Ma, Mx, Vs RI, TR - R Aa, Mx, Vs RP Residencia/Residence status si C Aa, Ma, Mx, Vs RP EN = Endémico de Cuba/ si C Aa. Vs RP Endemic to Cuba RP = Residente permanente/ z Permanent resident SÍ R Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RV z RI = Residente invernal/ = C Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP Winter resident 2) R Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP RV = Residente de verano/ Summer resident si U Cu, Mx RP TR = Transeúnte/Transient VA = Vagabunda/Vagrant - R Bs, Mx EN CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 191 {. We Ay > Py Apéndice/Appendix 10 Especies de aves reportadas en la Reserva Ec ológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba, n H., Douglas F. Stotz, Debra K. Moskovits, y Bird species recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province 27-28 September 2002, by Luis O. Melián H., Douglas F. Stotz, Debra K. Moskovits añ Freddy Rodríguez Santana. Additional information from inventories 1979-2004 by Birds Luis O. Meliá! = 4 dá aie ea ee adicional de inventarios entre 1979 y 2004 por Luis O. Melián H. Lis O. Melián aaa reddy 4 y Freddy Rodriguez Santana. AVES / BIRDS i j : Registrado/ nee Habitats Residencia/ Nombre cientifico/ EOL Common name Registered undance Habitats Residence status Scientific name Podicipedidae R A = Tachybaptus dominicus Zaramagullón Chico Least Grebe Fregatidae = = - R Ge ES ¡ ficent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens Rabihorcado Magnifi Bi Ardeidae R a = Ardea herodias Garcilote Great Blue Heron 0 au Garza Azul Little Blue Heron h a Egretta caerulea C ROMER: = ibi Garcita Bueyera Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis A R Meda = Nyctanassa violacea Guanaba Real Yellow-crowne vee Night-Heron Cathartidae E = Cathartes aura Aura Tiñosa Turkey Vulture RP Accipitridae é a Pandion haliaetus Guincho Osprey : E = ‘0 RI, TR Elanoides forficatus Gavilan Cola de Tijera Swallow-tailed Kite : = Buteo jamaicensis Gavilan de Monte Red-tailed Hawk So as Falconidae - — Falco sparverius Cernicalo American Kestrel Bui a5 Falco columbarius Halconcito de Palomas Merlin R So RP, TR Aramidae : - Aramus guarauna Guareao Limpkin Mx, Ri RP Charadriidae - Charadrius vociferus Títere Sabanero Killdeer U mo aE Scolopacidae : Tringa solitaria Zarapico Solitario Solitary Sandpiper PI, Ri Fan Actitis macularia Zarapico Manchado Spotted Sandpiper c Pl, Ri Alain Columbidae : Columba leucocephala Torcaza Cabeciblanca White-crowned Pigeon R Mx = Zenaida asiatica Paloma Aliblanca White-winged Dove C Aa, Ma, Mx, Vs RI, TR Zenaida aurita Guanaro Zenaida Dove R NA ae Zenaida macroura Paloma Rabiche Mourning Dove C E = Columbina passerina Tojosa Common Ground-Dove Cc E ER Cuculidae Coccyzus americanus Primavera ello Aalteo Cuckoo R SEATTLE a Saurothera merlini Arriero Great a C RCE = th-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Judio Smoo! R BE = Tytonidae Tyto alba Lechuza Barn Owl! T arr = Strigidae , Glaucidium siju Sijú Platanero Cuban Pygmy-Owl fi R Bs, Mx EN 190 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Aves/Birds LEYENDA/LEGEND Registrado/Registered si = Registrado en el Inventario rápido, 27-28 de septiembre del 2002/Registered during the rapid Inventory, 27-28 September 2002 Abundancia/Abundance Cc = Común/Common U = No común/Uncommon R = Raro/Rare Habitats/Habitats Aa = Areas abiertas/Open areas Bs = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Semideciduous microphyl! forest Cu = Cuevas/Caves Ma = Manglar/Mangroves Mx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub Qc = Océano/Ocean Pl = Playas/Beach Ri = Rio/River So = Sobrevolando/ Flying overhead Vs Vegetacién secundaria/ Secondary vegetation Residencia/Residence status EN = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba RP = Residente permanente/ Permanent resident RI = Residente invernal/ Winter resident RV = Residente de verano/ Summer resident TR VA Transeúnte/Transient Vagabunda/Vagrant CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 191 Apéndice/Appendix 10 Aves/Birds AVES / BIRDS Nombre científico/ Scientific name Nombre común Common name Caprimulgidae Chordeiles gundlachii Querequeté Antillean Nighthawk Trochilidae Chlorostilbon ricordii Zunzún Cuban Emerald Archilochus colubris Colibrí Ruby-throated Hummingbird Mellisuga helenae Zunzuncito Bee Hummingbird Trogonidae Priotelus temnurus Tocororo Cuban Trogon Todidae Todus multicolor Cartacuba Cuban Tody Alcedinidae Ceryle alcyon Picidae Martín Pescador Belted Kingfisher Melanerpes superciliaris Carpintero Jabado West Indian Woodpecker Xiphidiopicus percussus Carpintero Verde Cuban Green Wodpecker Tyrannidae Contopus caribaeus Bobito Chico Cuban Pewee Myiarchus sagrae Bobito Grande Tyrannus dominicensis Pitirre Abejero Tyrannus caudifasciatus Pitirre Guatíbere La Sagra's Flycatcher Gray Kingbird Loggerhead Kingbird Vireonidae Vireo gundlachii Vireo flavifrons Juan Chivi Cuban Vireo Verdón de Pecho Amarillo Vireo altiloquus Bien-te-veo Hirundinidae Yellow-throated Vireo Black-whiskered Vireo Petrochelidon fulva Golondrina de Cuevas Hirundo rustica Golondrina Cola de Tijera Cave Swallow Barn Swallow Sylviidae Polioptila caerulea Rabuita Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila lembeyei Sinsontillo Cuban Gnatcatcher Turdidae Turdus plumbeus Zorzal Real Red-legged Thrush Mimidae Mimus polyglottos Sinsonte Northern Mockingbird Parulidae Parula americana Bijirita Chica Northern Parula Dendroica petechia Dendroica tigrina Canario de Manglar Dendroica caerulescens Bijirita Atigrada Bijirita Azul de Garganta Negra Yellow Warbler Cape May Warbler Black-throated Blue Warbler RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Aves/Birds Registrado/ Abundancia/ Hábitats Residencia/ Registered Abundance Habitats Residence status = E SUSO ay LEYENDA/LEGEND si C Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP Registrado/Registered Se R Mx TR si = Registrado en el inventario fa R Mx EN. VA rapido, 27-28 de septiembre : del 2002/Registered during the rapid inventory, - U Bs EN 27-28 September 2002 z Abundancia/Abundance si Cc Bs, Mx EN C = Comun/Common z U = No común/Uncommon si R Ma, Pl RI R = Raro/Rare - U Bs, Mx RP Habitats /Habitats ie U Bs, Mx EN Aa = Areas abiertas/Open areas Bs = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ si C Bs, Mx, Vs RP Semideciduous microphyll E forest si U Bs, Mx, Vs RP bee SÍ U Mx, Vs RV Cu = Cuevas/Caves E U Bs RP Ma = Manglar/Mangroves Mx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub = E EME EN Oc = Océano/Ocean AA A A Pi, =ePlayas/ Beach 2 Le ESE ES Ri = Río/River So = Sobrevolando/ si C Cu, So RP Flying overhead si U So TR Vs = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation si R Bs, Mx, Vs RI si C Mx. Vs EN Residencia/Residence status EN = Endémico de Cuba/ : Endemic to Cuba si (e; Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP RP = Residente permanente/ Permanent resident al C Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP RI = Residente invernal/ Winter resident - U Bs, Ma, Mx, Vs RI RV = Residente de verano/ SÍ R Aa, Ma, Vs RP Summer resident ze C Bs, Ma, Mx, Vs RI TR = Transeúnte/Transient Be: C Aa, Bs, Ma RI VA = Vagabunda/Vagrant Mx, Vs CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 193 Apéndice/Appendix 10 Aves/Birds AVES / BIRDS Registrado/ Abundancia/ Hábitats Residencia/ i Abundance Habi > Nombre científico/ A fcommoniname Registered abitats Residence status Scientific name Nombre común ciel imulgi Cc Bs, So imulgidae = : = ; Ay a E ij Querequeté Antillean Nighthawk ] Chordeiles gundlachii irochiligae , Cuban Emerald sí E Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP | ie ii Zunzún - R rm Chlorostilbon La UN a = : E TR Archilochus colubris A Bee Hummingbird - x EN, VA Mellisuga helenae Zunzuncito Trogonidae E U Bs EN Priotelus temnurus Tocororo Cuban Trogon Todidae si Cc Bs, Mx EN Todus multicolor Cartacuba Cuban Tody Alcedinidae S R Mal I > 5 her Martín Pescador Belted Kingfis| Ceryle alcyon Picidae - E U ashe Melanerpes superciliaris Carpintero Jabado Westilndlamioodpecked U Bs, Mx = Xiphidiopicus percussus Carpintero Verde Cuban Green Wodpecker ; Tyrannidae si Cc Bs, Mx, Vs Contopus caribaeus Bobito Chico Cuban Pewee y 0 E , RP Myiarchus sagrae Bobito Grande La Sagra's Flycatcher si s, Mx, Vs RP i si U Mx, Vs Tyrannus dominicensis Pitirre Abejero Gray Kingbird y E E A = s Tyrannus caudifasciatus Pitirre Guatíbere Loggerhead Kingbird a5 Vireonidae Fit Cuban Vireo si c Bs, Mx, Vs En Vireo gundlachii Juan Chivi c E Vireo flavifrons Verdón de Pecho Amarillo Yellow-throated Vireo si re = Vireo altiloquus Bien-te-veo Black-whiskered Vireo si Cc Bs, Vs RV Hirundinidae - Petrochelidon fulva Golondrina de Cuevas Cave Swallow 3 Cc Cu, So RP Hirundo rustica Golondrina Cola de Tijera Barn Swallow si U So a Sylviidae i Polioptila caerulea Rabuita Blue-gray Gnatcatcher si Bs, Mx, Vs RI Polioptila lembeyei Sinsontillo Cuban Gnatcatcher si Mx, Vs EN Turdidae Turdus plumbeus Zorzal Real Red-legged Thrush C Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP Mimidae Mimus polyglottos Sinsonte Northern Mockingbird c Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP Parulidae Parula americana Bijirita Chica Northern Parula U BEI, Wie Fl Dendroica petechia Canario de Manglar Yellow Warbler R E EE Dendroica tigrina Bijirita Atigrada Cape May Warbler Cc Bs, Ma, Mx, Vs RI Dendroica caerulescens Bijirita Azul de Black-throated Blue Warbler 3 ES = Garganta Negra Mx. ve 192 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice/Appendix 10 Aves/Birds LEYENDA/LEGEND Registrado/Registered sí = Registrado en el inventario rápido, 27-28 de septiembre del 2002/Registered during the rapid Inventory, 27-28 September 2002 Abundancia/Abundance c = Común/Common U = No común/Uncommon R = Raro/Rare Habitats/Habitats Aa = Áreas abiertas/Open areas Bs = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Semideciduous microphyll forest Cu = Cuevas/Caves Ma = Manglar/Mangroves Mx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub Oc = Océano/Ocean Pl = Playas/Beach Ri = Rio/River So = Sobrevolando/ Flying overhead Vs = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation Residencia/Residence status EN RP RI RV TR VA = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba = Residente permanente/ Permanent resident = Residente invernal/ Winter resident = Residente de verano/ Summer resident = Transeúnte/Transient Vagabunda/Vagrant CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 193 Apéndice /Appendix 10 Aves/Birds AVES / BIRDS Nombre científico / Scientific name Dendroica discolor Nombre común Mariposa Galana Dendroica palmarum Common name Prairie Warbler Bijirita Común Palm Warbler Dendroica castanea Bijirita Castaña Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica striata Bijirita de Cabeza Negra Mniotilta varia Bijirita Trepadora Blackpoll Warbler Black-and-white Warbler Setophaga ruticilla Protonotaria citrea Candelita American Redstart Bijirita Protonotaria Seiurus aurocapillus Sefiorita de Monte Prothonotary Warbler Ovenbird Seiurus noveboracensis Sefiorita de Manglar Geothlypis trichas Caretica Teretistris fornsi Pechero Northern Waterthrush Common Yellowthroat Oriente Warbler Thraupidae Cyanerpes cyaneus Aparecido de San Diego Red-legged Honeycreeper Stripe-headed Tanager Spindalis zena Cabrero Emberizidae Melopyrrha nigra Negrito Tiaris olivacea Cuban Bullfinch Tomeguin de la Tierra Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris Canora Tomeguin del Pinar Cuban Grassquit Icteridae Dives atroviolacea Toti Cuban Blackbird Quiscalus niger Chichinguaco Greater Antillean Grackle Icterus dominicensis Solibio Black-cowled Oriole Passeridae Passer domesticus Gorrión Doméstico House Sparrow Nota añadida en prueba/Note added in proof: Cuando este informe entraba en prensa, Freddy Rodríguez Santana reportó las siguientes 16 especies adicionales de aves, todas raras o poco comunes en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí y no vistas durante el inventario biológico rápido: / As this report was going to press, Freddy Rodríguez Santana reported the following 16 additional species of birds, all rare or uncommon in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve and not seen during the rapid biological inventory: Alcatraz/Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Aguaitacaiman/Green Heron (Butorides virescens), Guanaba de Florida/Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), Pluvial Cabezón/Black- bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Títere Playero/Wilson's Plover (Charadrius wilsonia), Zarapico Real/Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), Revuelvepiedras/Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Zarapico Semipalmeado/Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), Zarapiquito/Least Sandpiper (C. minutilla), Galleguito/Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla), Gaviota Real Grande/Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia), Gaviota Real/Royal Tern (S. maxima), Gaviota de Sandwich/Sandwich Tern (S. sandvicensis), Gaviota Rosada/Roseate Tern (S. dougallii), Boyero/Ruddy Quail-Dove (Geotrygon montana), y/and Mayito/Tawny-shouldered Blackbird (Agelaius humeralis). RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice/Appendix 10 Aves/Birds Registrado/ Abundancia/ Hábitats Residencia/ Registered Abundance Habitats Residence status SÍ C Bs, Ma, Mx, Vs RI — E Bas iu LEYENDA/LEGEND si R Vs TR si C Mx, Vs TR Registrado/Registered si C Bs, Mx, Vs RI sí = Registrado en el inventario SÍ C Bs, Mx. Ma, Vs RI rápido, 27-28 de septiembre ; ———= del 2002/Registered during si R Mx TR the rapid inventory, si C Bs, Vs, Mx RI 27-28 September 2002 si C Ma, Vs RI Abundancia/Abundance - R Aa, Vs RI C = Común/Common si C Bs, Mx, Vs EN U = No común/Uncommon R = Raro/Rare - R Bs, Mx RP = C Bs, Mx RP Habitats / Habitats Aa = Áreas abiertas/Open areas si C Bs, Mx > ORE Bs = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Si 6 Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP Semideciduous microphyll forest = R Vs EN Cu = Cuevas/Caves a M = Manglar/Mangroves SÍ € Aa, Bs, Ma, EN E 8 Eo, Mx, Vs Mx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Xeromorphic scrub = R Aa, Bs, Ma, RP coun. Mx, Vs Oc = Océano/Ocean es R Bs RP P| = Playas/Beach Ri = Rio/River si (e Aa, Vs RP So = Sobrevolando/ Flying overhead Vs = Vegetación secundaria/ Secondary vegetation También reportó 5 especies de aves migratorias terrestres:/He also reported 5 species of migrant Residencia/Residence status landbirds: EN = Endémico de Cuba/ Carpintero de Paso/Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Endemic to Cuba (Sphyrapicus varius), Bijirita de Garganta Amarilla/ Yellow-throated Warbler (Dendroica dominica), Bijirita Gusanera/Worm-eating Warbler (He/mitheros vermivorus), Bijirita de Rio/Louisiana Waterthrush (Seiurus motacilla), y/and Turpial/Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula). RV = Residente de verano/ Summer resident RP = Residente permanente/ Permanent resident RI = Residente invernal / Winter resident Estos registros aumentan el número de especies de aves conocidas para la Reserva a 93./These records TR = = Transeúnte/Transient increase the number of bird species known from the VA = Vagabunda/Vagrant Reserve to 93. CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 195 Apéndice/Appendix 10 Apéndice/Appendix 10 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 A A r Aves/Birds ves/ Birds AVES / BIRDS 4 Registrado/ Abundancia/ Habitats Residencia/ lombre cientifico/ P a ‘i a la Caen name Nombre comin Common name Registered Abundance Habitats Residence status Dendroica discolor Mariposa Galana Prairie Warbler c Bs, Ma, Mx, Vs Dendroica palmarum Bijirita Común BalmmiWatblel = = En ve RI Dendroica castanea Bijirita Castaña Bay-breasted Warbler si E Vs TR LEYENDA/LEGEND - = Se í e Mx, Vs o Dendroica striata Bijirita de Cabeza Negra Blackpoll Warbler si E ae TR Registrado/Registered or A inn -and-whi si Ss, Mx, V: Mniotilta varia Bijirita Trepadora Black and-white Warbler a s RI SÍ = Registrado en el inventario Setophaga ruticilla Candelita American Redstart si Bs, Mx, Ma, Vs RI rápido, 27-28 de septiembre Protonotaria citrea Bijirita Protonotaria Prothonotary Warbler si R Mx TR del 2002/Registered during E A the rapid invento, ; mari si c Bs, Vs, Mx Y Seiurus aurocapillus Señorita de Monte Gvenbitd : - RI 27-28 September 2002 Seiurus noveboracensis Señorita de Manglar Northern Waterthrush si Ma, Vs RI Geothlypis trichas Caretica Common Yellowthroat - R Aa, Vs RI Abundancia/Abundance Teretistris fornsi Pechero Oriente Warbler si c Bs, Mx, Vs EN € = Común/Common Thraupidae U = No común/Uncommon Cyanerpes cyaneus Aparecido de San Diego Red-legged Honeycreeper - R Bs, Mx RP R = Raro/Rare y = Cc S Spindalis zena Cabrero Stripe-headed Tanager Bs, Mx RP Habitats/Habitats Emberizidae a E Aa = Areas abiertas/Open areas 7 si s, Mx Melopyrrha nigra Negrito Cuban Bullfinch RP Bs = Bosque semideciduo micrófilo/ Tiaris olivacea Tomeguín de la Tierra Yellow-faced Grassquit si Cc Aa, Bs, Mx, Vs RP Semideciduous microphyll Tiaris canora Tomeguin del Pinar Cuban Grassquit - R Vs EN forest Icteridae Cu = Cuevas/Caves Dives atroviolacea Toti Cuban Blackbird si Cc Aa, Bs, Ma, EN Ma = Manglar/Mangroves Mx, Vs Mx = Matorral xeromorfo/ Quiscalus niger Chichinguaco Greater Antillean Grackle = R Aa, Bs, Ma, RP Xeromorphic scrub Mx, Vs Qc = Océano/Ocean Icterus dominicensis Solibio Black-cowled Oriole = R Bs RP Pl = Playas/Beach Passeridae Ri = Rio/River Passer domesticus Gorrión Doméstico House Sparrow si [e] Aa, Vs RP So = Sobrevolando/ Flying overhead POR: . Vs = Vegetación secundaria/ Nota anadida en prueba/Note added in proof: Secondary vegetation Cuando este informe entraba en prensa, bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), También reportó 5 especies de aves migratorias Freddy Rodríguez Santana reportó las siguientes Titere Playero/Wilson's Plover (Charadrius wilsonia), terrestres:/He also reported 5 species of migrant Residencia/Residence status 16 especies adicionales de aves, todas raras o poco Zarapico Real/Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), landbirds: comunes en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí y no Revuelvepiedras/Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Carpintero de Paso/Yellow-bellied Sapsucker EN = Endémico de Cuba/ vistas durante el inventario biológico rápido:/ Zarapico Semipalmeado/Semipalmated Sandpiper (Sphyrapicus varius), Bijirita de Garganta Amarilla/ Endemic to Cuba As this report was going to press, Freddy Rodríguez (Calidris pusilla), Zarapiquito/Least Sandpiper Yellow-throated Warbler ore a do nica), RP = Residente permanente/ Santana reported the following 16 additional species (€. minutilla), Galleguito/Laughing Gull (Larus atricilla), Bijirita Gusanera/Worm-eatin Won bea ith Permanent resident of birds, all rare or uncommon in Siboney-Juticí Gaviota Real Grande/Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia), vermivorus), Bijirita de sae 2 sth nen Fm RI = Residente invernal/ Ecological Reserve and not seen during the rapid Gaviota Real/Royal Tern (S. maxima), (Seiurus Beer land Ti Dee Woe oe o Winter resident biological inventory: Gaviota de Sandwich/Sandwich Tern (S. sandvicensis), i , Y/and Turpial/Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula). RV = Residente de verano/ Alcatraz/Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), Gaviota Rosada/Roseate Tern (S. dougallii), Es 3 Simmenresident Aguaitacaimán/Green Heron (Butorides virescens) Boyero/Ruddy Quail-Dove (Geotrygon montana), tos registros aumentan el número de especies de u Guanabá de Florida/Black-crowned Night Heron y/and Mayito/Tawny-shouldered Blackbird aves conocidas para la Reserva a 93./These records TR = Transeúnte/Transient (Nycticorax nycticorax), Pluvial Cabezón/Black- (Agelaius humeralis). ac Of bird species known from the VA = Vagabunda/Vagrant e to . CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 195 Apéndice/Appendix 11 Mamíferos Terrestres/ Especies de mamíferos terrestres registrados en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Terrestrial Mammals Cuba, compiladas por Nicasio Viña Dávila de observaciones personales, de ejemplares en el Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Romay,” y de la literatura MAMÍFEROS TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Nombre científico/ Presencia en cuevas/ Scientific name Presence in caves Atab Cant Cist CHIROPTERA Molossidae 001 Molossus molossus tropidorhynchus - - - - - 4 002 Tadarida brasiliensis muscula - viva 003 Tadarida macrotis - - Mormoopidae 004 Mormoops blainvillei - viva = - - 005 Pteronotus macleayi macleayi - sedi - = - 006 Pteronotus parnelli parnelli - sedi = = - 007 Pteronotus quadridens quadridens - - - - - Natalidae 008 Natalus micropus macer - sedi - - - 009 Natalus stramineus primus - sedi - - - Phyllostomatidae o10 Artibeus jamaicensis parvipes viva viva - - - ort Brachyphylla nana nana - viva - viva - o12 Erophylla sezekorni sezekorni - viva 013 Macrotus waterhousei minor viva sedi viva - viva 014 Monophyllus redmani clinedaphus - sedi - - = 015 Phyllonycteris poeyi - sedi - - = 016 Stenoderma falcatum - sedi - - - Vespertilionidae 017 Antrozous koopmani - sedi = E E o18 Eptesicus fuscus dutertreus - viva RODENTIA Capromyidae 919 Capromys pilorides = = = ee Muridae 020 Mus musculus = = a 2! J) 021 Rattus norvegicus - = - - = 196 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 11 Species of terrestrial mammals known from Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, com- Mamíferos Terrestres/ piled by Nicasio Viña Dávila from personal observations, specimens in the Museo de Historia Natural “Tomás Terrestrial Mammals Romay” in Santiago, and from the literature Estatus en Cuba/ Categoría de amenaza/ Status in Cuba Threat category LEYENDA/LEGEND Maja Muer Terr Virg Otra Presencia en cuevas/Presence in caves Atab = Cueva de Atabex/Atabex Cave Cant = Cueva de la Cantera/ 001 - - - - viva Nat = Cantera Cave 002 = viva = = = Nat LR/nt Cist = Cueva de la Cisterna/ 334 E pos 3 a viva Nat = Cisterna Cave Cupe = Cueva del Cupey/Cupey Cave 504 viva Nat LR/nt Golo = Cueva de las Golondrinas/ 4 | . a va E Nat VU Golondrinas Cave F Maja = Cueva de los Majáes/ 006 viva - - - - Nat - i. Majaes Cave viva - - - - Nat LR/nt = 4 Muer = Cueva del Muerto/Muerto Cave ; Otra = Otras cavidades/Other caves 008 viva Nat - Terr = Cueva del Terrarium/ 909 E cu ie E Sa _ Nat, Ext Terrarium Cave Virg = Cueva de la Virgen/Virgen Cave o10 viva - viva - - Nat - A viva My en viva Bi Nat a Origen de la información / I E Source of information or2 viva - = viva - Nat - y i ; sedi = Huesos de la especie encontrados an) MINA wild pa E = Nat = en los sedimentos de las cuevas 014 viva - - - - Nat - en la Reserva/Bones of this an viva End LR/nt species found in cave sediments a i a ie E By End Ñ in the Reserve viva = Observada viva en la cueva/ Observed alive in the cave 917 = - = - - End - A ox8 e E pa le = Nat = Estatus en Cuba/ Status in Cuba End = Endémico de Cuba/ Endemic to Cuba o19 - =- - - - End - E Ext = Extinta/Extinct Int = Introducida/Introduced to Cuba 020 = = = =- - Int = y ‘ A n Nat = Nativa, no endémica/Native to eet viva ia Int = Cuba but not endemic Categoría de amenaza/ Threat category (IUCN 2004) LR /nt = Bajo riesgo pero casi en amenaza/Lower risk, but | near threatened | VU = Vulnerable (Categoria | 2Cb)/Vulnerable (Category 2Cb) 3 CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 197 Apéndice /Appendix Td Mamíferos Terrestres/ Terrestrial Mammals eserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de if stres registrados en la R y go de aoe Tear js ciones personales, de ejemplares en el Museo de Historia Cuba, compiladas por Nicasio Viña Dávila de observa Natural “Tomás Romay," y de la literatura MAMÍFEROS TERRESTRES / TERRESTRIAL MAMMALS Romay” I Species of terrestrial mammals known from Siboney-Juticí Ecol piled by Nicasio Viña Dávila from personal observations, specil in Santiago, and from the literature logical Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province, com- mens in the Museo de Historia Natural Apéndice/Appendix Wil Mamiferos Terrestres/ “Tomas Terrestrial Mammals 196 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 A Estatus el ientífico/ Presencia en cuevas/ SE ae Categoria de amenaza/ hea ita Presence in caves a Threat category cientific n LEY Atab Cant Cist Cupe | Golo EYENDA/LEGEND Presencia en Cuevas/Presence in caves CHIRORTERA Atab = Cueva de Atabex/Atabex Cave Molossidae E = = = = viva Nat Cant = Cueva de la Cantera/ ; ER x ES = z a = 001 Molossus molossus tropidorhynchus - E SA ie zr = E ar Cantera Cave : ; 3 = = a ii En Tadarida brasiliensis muscula viva ES 3 = = E va E t Cist = Cueva de la Cisterna/ 003 Tadarida macrotis = = = = = e = Cisterna Cave Mormoopidae aa = = es i Cupe = Cueva del Cupey/Cupey Cave 0 Mormoops blainvillei = VIVA: = = El 5 LR/nt Golo = Cueva de las Golondrinas/ = viva = = = = ea Pteronotus macleayi macleay! = sedi = = eS at vu Golondrinas Cave Pteronotus parnelli parnelli = sedi = = = cs = Nat = Maja = Cueva de los Majáes/ - id dridens = = = e viva = = = = Nat LR/nt Majáes Cave ns quadri = = 1 — cee nica Muer = Cueva del Muerto/Muerto Cave Natalidae ai = = Miwa = = = E Nat Otra = Otras cavidades/Other caves micropus macer = = = 008 Natalus pi : =f = = =z A a E = ES 2 Nat, Ext Terr = Cueva del Terrarium/ 009 Natalus stramineus primus = st x , = dea Phyllostomatidae 5 = a a = Ñ Virg = Cueva de la Virgen/Virgen Cave o10 Artibeus jamaicensis parvipes viva viva - - = o Mi at 3 orr Brachyphylla nana nana = viva = viva = tev iva: = = viva = Nat = Sun de la información/ orz Erophylla sezekorni sezekorni = viva = = - am Viva = = viva - Nat E E of information i - = sedi = Huesos de la especie encontrados lá viva sedi viva - viva ay Viva viva viva Nat 2 013 Macrotus waterhousel tulle ! a = = 5 = A le 014 Monophyllus redmani clinedaphus = sedi = = = aly at = a ors Phyllonycteris poeyi = sedi = = = as Viva = = = = End LR/nt species found in cave sediments E 2 = A = hi 016 Stenoderma falcatum - sedi - = = as End pa in the Reserve aay viva = Ob: Vespertilionidae Vv Qe is cueva/ ie ' ¡e cave 017 Antrozous koopmani - sedi - = = ” - = = a = End = o18 Eptesicus fuscus dutertreus = viva = = = abi — = - - = Nat = Estatus en Cuba/ RODENTIA Status in Cuba Capromyidae End = Endémico de Cuba/ a Endemic to Cuba 019 Capromys pilorides - = = = = AS - = = = End E Murid: Ext = Extinta/Extinct uridae Mus musculus =A int Int = Introducida/Introduced to Cuba 020 = = = = = - = = = = = n = Ratt = ES = viva Nat = Nativa, no endémica/Native to 021 'attus norvegicus = = = = Int = Cuba but not endemic Categoria de amenaza/ Threat category (IUCN 2004) LR/nt = Bajo riesgo pero casi en amenaza/Lower risk, but near threatened VU = Vulnerable (Categoria 2Cb)/Vulnerable (Category 2Cb) CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 197 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species Algas Marinas/Marine Algae Por/By Eddy Martínez Especies marinas registradas en la Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Miembros del equipo: David Maceira F., Eddy Martínez, Jorge Tamayo, Leopoldo Viña, y Nicasio Viña. ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES J] Divisi6n/ Division Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Chlorophyta Caulerpaceae Caulerpa prolifera Chlorophyta Caulerpaceae Caulerpa racemosa Chlorophyta Caulerpaceae Caulerpa sertularioides Chlorophyta Caulerpaceae Caulerpa sp. Chlorophyta Cladophoraceae Cladophora sp. Chlorophyta Cladophoraceae Cladophoropsis sp. Chlorophyta Codiaceae Codium sp. Chlorophyta Codiaceae Halimeda sp. 1 Chlorophyta Codiaceae Halimeda sp. 2 Chlorophyta Codiaceae Penicillus sp. Chlorophyta Codiaceae Udotea sp. 1 | Chlorophyta Codiaceae Udotea sp. 2 Chlorophyta Valoniaceae Valonia ventricosa Chromophyta Dictyotaceae Padina sp. Chromophyta Dictyotaceae Stypopodium sp. 1 Chromophyta Dictyotaceae Stypopodium sp. 2 LA Chromophyta Dictyotaceae Género desconocido/ sp. Unknown genus Chromophyta Fucaceae Fucus sp. Chromophyta Sargassaceae Sargassum sp. 1 Chromophyta Sargassaceae Sargassum sp. 2 Chromophyta Sargassaceae Sargassum sp. 3 Chromophyta Sargassaceae Turbinaria sp. Plantas Vasculares/Vascular Plants Por/By Eddy Martínez Familia/Family Hydrocharitaceae Género/Genus Thalassia Especie /Species testudinum Kon. 198 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO. 10 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species Marine species recorded in Siboney-Juticí Ecological Reserve, Santiago de Cuba Province. Team members: David Maceira F., Eddy Martínez, Jorge Tamayo, Leopoldo Viña, and Nicasio Viña. ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES Corales/Corals Por/By Nicasio Viña y/and Leopoldo Viña Clase/Class Orden/Order Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Anthozoa Scleractinia Acroporidae Acropora cervicornis Anthozoa Scleractinia Acroporidae Acropora palmata Anthozoa Scleractinia Agariciidae Agaricia agaricites Anthozoa Scleractinia Caryophyllidae Eusmilia fastigiata Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Colpophyllia natans Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Diploria clivosa Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Diploria labyrinthiformis Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Diploria strigosa Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Manicina areolata Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Montastraea annularis Anthozoa Scleractinia Faviidae Montastraea cavernosa | Anthozoa Scleractinia Meandrinidae Dichocoenia stokesi | Anthozoa Scleractinia Meandrinidae Meandrina meandrites Anthozoa Scleractinia Mussidae Isophyllia sinuosa | Anthozoa Scleractinia Mussidae Mussa angulosa Anthozoa Scleractinia Mussidae Mycetophyllia lamarckiana | Anthozoa Scleractinia Pocilloporidae Madracis decactis Anthozoa Scleractinia Poritidae Porites astreoides Anthozoa Scleractinia Poritidae Porites branneri Anthozoa Scleractinia Poritidae Porites porites | Anthozoa Scleractinia Siderastreidae Siderastrea radians | Hydrozoa Milleporina Milleporidae Millepora alcicornis Hydrozoa Milleporina Milleporidae Millepora complanata CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICI ABRIL/APRIL 2005 199 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES Moluscos Marinos/Marine Mollusks Por/By David Maceira F. Clase/Class Orden/Order Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Densidad/ Density (ind./m?)* * Promedio del número de individuos por cuadrante en cinco cuadrantes de 1 m? cada una (ver el texto del capítulo de Biodiversidad Marina para los métodos del estudio)/ Average number of individals per quadrat in five 1-m* quadrats (see text of Marine Biodiversity chapter for description of study methods) ** Especie encontrada fuera de cuadrante en búsqueda complementaria/ Species encountered in a complementary search, outside the study quadrats Gastropoda Archaeogastropoda Fissurellidae Fissurella nodosa ge Gastropoda Archaeogastropoda Neritidae Nerita peloronta 11 Gastropoda Archaeogastropoda Neritidae Nerita tessellata sy Gastropoda Archaeogastropoda Neritidae Nerita versicolor 10 Gastropoda Archaeogastropoda Trochidae Cittarium pica ae Gastropoda Mesogastropoda Littorinidae Cenchritis muricatus 18 Gastropoda Mesogastropoda Littorinidae Nodilittorina Ziczac 35 Gastropoda Neogastropoda Muricidae Purpura patula e Polyplacophora Neoloricata Chitonidae Acanthopleura granulata 6 Polyplacophora Neoloricata Chitonidae Chiton marmoratus 2 Polyplacophora Neoloricata Chitonidae Chiton squamosus 4 Polyplacophora Neoloricata Chitonidae Chiton tuberculatus ae 200 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES Peces Marinos/Marine Fishes Por/By Leopoldo Viña y/and Jorge Tamayo Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Nombre común Common name Acanthuridae Acanthurus bahianus navajón azul ocean surgeon Acanthuridae Acanthurus chirurgus barbero doctorfish Acanthuridae Acanthurus coeruleus navajón cirujano blue tang surgeonfish Apogonidae Astrapogon stellatus caracola conchfish Albulidae Albula vulpes macabí bonefish, bananafish Aulostomidae Aulostomus maculatus trompeta trumpetfish Balistidae Aluterus scriptus lija azul, gallo azul scrawled filefish | Balistidae Balistes vetula* verraco pluma queen triggerfish Balistidae Cantherhines pullus lija orangespotted filefish Balistidae Canthidermis sufflamen verraco pali ocean triggerfish Balistidae Melichthys niger negrita, calafate negro black triggerfish, black durgon Belonidae Ablennes hians agujon flat needlefish, barred longtom Belonidae Tylosurus crocodilus marao lisero hound needlefish, houndfish Blenniidae Ophioblennius atlanticus blenio labio rojo redlip blenny Bothidae Syacium micrurum lenguado channel flounder Carangidae Caranx bartholomaei cojinua amarilla yellow jack Carangidae Caranx hippos jiguaba crevalle, crevalle jack Carangidae Caranx latus jurel ojon horse-eye jack Carangidae Caranx ruber cojinua azul bar jack, skip jack Carangidae Selar crumenophthalmus chicharro bigeye scad, goggle-eye jack Chaetodontidae Chaetodon capistratus parche foureye butterflyfish Chaetodontidae Chaetodon striatus parche mariposa banded butterflyfish Clupeidae Harengula clupeola sardina escamuda false herring, sprat Clupeidae Harengula humeralis sardina de ley redear herring, redear sardine Clupeidae Opisthonema oglinum machuelo Atlantic thread herring Elopidae Megalops atlanticus sabalo tarpon | Engraulidae Sardinella aurita sardina española round sardinella Exocoetidae Hemiramphus balao medio pico balao halfbeak, balao Exocoetidae Hemiramphus brasiliensis medio pico ballyhoo, redtailed balao Gerreidae Eucinostomus gula mojarra española jenny mojarra, silver jenny Gerreidae Eucinostomus melanopterus mojarra de ley flagfin mojarra Haemulidae Anisotremus surinamensis burro pompón black margate Haemulidae Anisotremus virginicus bandera española, porkfish burro catalina Haemulidae Haemulon aurolineatum ronco jeniguano tomtate grunt CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 201 Apéndice/Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES Peces Marinos/Marine Fishes Por/By Leopoldo Viña y/and Jorge Tamayo Familia/Family Haemulidae Género/Genus Haemulon flavolineatum Especie /Species Nombre común ronco amarillo Common name French grunt, yellow grunt Haemulidae Haemulon macrostomum ronco caco Spanish grunt Haemulidae Haemulon parrai ronco plateado sailor's grunt, sailor's choice Haemulidae Haemulon sciurus ronco catire bluestriped grunt Holocentridae Holocentrus adscensionis candil gallito squirrelfish Holocentridae Myripristis Jacobus candil colorado blackbar soldierfish Kyphosidae Kyphosus sectator-incisor janao, chopa sea chub Labridae Bodianus rufus peje perro Spanish hogfish Labridae Halichoeres bivittatus doncella de pico slippery dick resbaladizo Labridae Halichoeres maculipinna doncella payaso clown wrasse Labridae Halichoeres poeyi lambicoza amarilla blackear wrasse Labridae Thalassoma bifasciatum lambicoza azul bluehead Lutjanidae Lutjanus analis pargo criollo mutton snapper Lutjanidae Lutjanus apodus cajizote schoolmaster snapper Lutjanidae Lutjanus cyanopterus cubera cubera snapper, Cuban snapper Lutjanidae Lutjanus griseus cubereta grey snapper Lutjanidae Lutjanus jocu pargo jocú dog snapper Lutjanidae Lutjanus synagris biajaiba lane snapper, biajaiba Lutjanidae Ocyurus chrysurus rubia yellowtail snapper Malacanthidae Malacanthus plumieri matajuelo sand tilefish Mugilidae Mugil curema liza white mullet Mullidae Mulloidichthys martinicus salmonete amarillo yellow goatfish Mullidae Pseudupeneus maculatus salmonete manchado spotted goatfish Muraenidae Echidna catenata morena cadena chain moray Muraenidae Gymnothorax funebris congrio green moray Ostraciidae Lactophrys polygonia torito honeycomb cowfish Ostraciidae Lactophrys triqueter chapin smooth trunkfish Pempheridae Pempheris schomburgki salivón glassy sweeper Pomacanthidae Pomacanthus arcuatus angelote gris gray angelfish, black angelfish Pomacanthidae Pomacanthus paru angelote francés French angelfish Pomacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis isabelita coralfish Pomacentridae Abudefduf taurus sargento nocturno sergeant major, night sergeant Pomacentridae Chromis multilineata castafiuela brown chromis, yellow-edge chromis RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES Peces Marinos/Marine Fishes Por/By Leopoldo Viña y/and Jorge Tamayo Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Nombre común Common name Pomacentridae Microspathodon chrysurus damisela cola amarilla yellowtail damselfish, jewelfish Pomacentridae Stegastes leucostictus chopita de dorso violeta beaugregory Pomacentridae Stegastes planifrons damisela tres manchas threespot damselfish | Priacanthidae Priacanthus cruentatus catalufa roca glasseye, glasseye snapper Scaridae Scarus ¡seri loro rayado striped parrotfish Scaridae Scarus taeniopterus loro princesa princess parrotfish Scaridae Scarus vetula loro perico queen parrotfish Scaridae Sparisoma aurofrenatum loro manchado redband parrotfish Scaridae Sparisoma viride loro viejo stoplight parrotfish Scombridae Scomberomorus cavalla sierra king mackerel, kingfish Scombridae Scomberomorus regalis pintadilla cero, painted mackerel Scorpaenidae Scorpaena plumieri rascacio negro spotted scorpionfish Serranidae Epinephelus fulvus cabrilla titi coney Serranidae Epinephelus morio mero americano red grouper Serranidae Epinephelus striatus cherna criolla Nassau grouper, ham, hamlet Serranidae Mycteroperca bonaci bonaci black grouper Serranidae Mycteroperca microlepis* aguaji gag Serranidae Mycteroperca venenosa cuna piedra yellowfin grouper Serranidae Rypticus saponaceus jaboncillo greater soapfish Serranidae Serranus tigrinus yuca harlequin bass Sparidae Calamus calamus pluma cálamo saucereye porgy Sphyraenidae Sphyraena barracuda picua, barracuda great barracuda Sphyraenidae Sphyraena guachancho guachancho guachanche barracuda Syngnathidae Hippocampus erectus caballito de mar lined seahorse Tetradontidae Diodon holocanthus guanábana long-spine porcupinefish, balloonfish Tetradontidae Diodon hystrix jimenea spot-fin porcupinefish Torpedinidae Narcine brasiliensis levisa Brazilian electric ray, lesser electric ray * Especie considerada Vulnerable por la UICN; se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Species considered Vulnerable by the IUCN and believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate (Froese and Pauly 2004, IUCN 2004) ive CUBA: SIBONEY-JUTICÍ ABRIL/APRIL 2005 203 Apéndice /Appendix 12 Especies Marinas/ Marine Species ESPECIES MARINAS / MARINE SPECIES Reptiles Marinos/Marine Reptiles Por/By Nicasio Viña y/and Leopoldo Viña Nombre común Common name Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Green sea turtle Chelonidae Chelonia mydas* Tortuga verde Chelonidae Eretmochelys imbricata** Carey Hawksbill turtle * Especie considerada En Peligro por la UICN; se está enfrentando a un riesgo muy alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Species considered Endangered by the IUCN; facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future (IUCN 2004) ** Especie considerada En Peligro Crítico por la UICN; se está enfrentando un riesgo extremadamente alto de extinción en el estado silvestre/Species considered Critically Endangered by the IUCN; facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future (IUCN 2004) Mamíferos Marinos/Marine Mammals Por/By Nicasio Viña y/and Leopoldo Viña Familia/Family Género/Genus Especie /Species Nombre común Common name Trichechidae Trichechus manatus* manatí Caribbean manatee, American manatee * Especie considerada Vulnerable por la UICN; se está enfrentando a un riesgo alto de extinción en estado silvestre/Species considered Vulnerable by the IUCN and believed likely to move into the Endangered category in the near future if the causal factors continue to operate (IUCN 2004) 204 RAPID BIOLOGICAL INVENTORIES INFORME/REPORT NO.10 LITERATURA CITADA/LITERATURE CITED Able, K. 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